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1794.

HISTORY

MUSKIiaUM COUNTY, OIIO^

WITH

Illustrations and Biographical Sketches

PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.

PUBLISHED BT
J. F EVERHART & CO.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by
J. F. EVERHART & CO.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

Author and Compilers Preface,

In presenting the record concerning the former inhabitants of this country, the term
aboriginal has been avoided, and the distinctive appellations, Mound-Builders and Ameri-
•cah Indians, chosen instead, for reason obvious to the intelligent reader.

Alexander W. Bradford ["American Antiquities," 1841] was pleased to speak of the
former inhabitants of our country as the Bed Race, and to say that antiquarian writings
have so often been exposed to the charge of being replete with improbable conjectures
and conclusions, which vanish at the touch of sober reason, that this interesting class of
historical investigations seldom receives the perusal of the plain-thinking portion of the
public. For this reason, the first portion of his valuable work, with but few exceptions,
is strictly confined to a description of the Ancient American monuments, pursuing, in as
faithful a manner as was consistent with proper brevity, the language of his authorities,
thus aflfording the reader an opportunity to form his own conclusions. This course, so
manifestly fair, has been adopted by the compiler of this work ; . and yet, with all due
respect to Mr.. Bradford, the writer dissents from his opinion when he says: "In relation
to the question of origin, no predisposition in favor of the result to which I. have arrived
has influenced the investigation ; for, biased at the outset strongly towards the theory of
a migration by Behring's Straits, it was only at a later stage of the examination, and
after a long struggle, that I was forced to abandon this idea, with what reason others may
determine." In this disagreement the compiler is sustained by the authors quoted in the
■chapter on the Mound-Builders.

The late Elijah H. Church kindly placed his gleanings in historic data and personal
reminiscences at the disposal of the compiler, a generous act that his friends and com-
munity will duly appreciate.

To the members of the press for the free use of their files, aflfording a large amount of
valuable data, grateful acknowledgments are made; and it is believed that they, who
know so well the difficulty of obtaining reliable information, and deserve so much from
community for their pains — they who are so often censured for the caste of their papers,
while yet the faithful mirrors of the doings of the world in which they move — will have
a feeling of generous charity for the failures that may appear. That such will be found,
no one is more conscious, and no one could more sincerely regret, than the writer.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

To the county and city officials, members of the bar, the medical profession, teachers^
and last, though by no means least, the pastors of the numerous churches, for most cordial
co-operation, sincerest thanks are again tendered.

To the pioneers in the various townships, for generous aid in obtaining reliable data,,
acknowledgments are also made.

With the consciousness of having endeavored to do my whole duty in the compilation,

of this work, it is now submitted.

Respectfully,

J. F. EVERHART.,

I AUTHOR AND COMPILER.

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE,

In this volume every line of the author's copy has been printed; and though sub-^
scribers may think the work is small, they should bear in mind that the paper, though
thin, is strong and of excellent quality, and that every page is a full and honest page, no
" stuffing" to get a large work being allowed.

Every endeavor was made by the author and compiler to get a correct and com-
plete history of the county. That this has been done, any one who has had any ex-
perience in, or who has carefully examined such works, cannot for a moment doubt. It
is the most exhaustive and complete in detail of any similar work the publisher has issued
and it should be well and liberally received by the people of Muskingum county.

A. A. GRAHAM,

Columbus, Ohio, December, 1882. PUBLISHER

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. — The Mound Builders — The Brush Creek Mound and its Disclosures.... 10-26

n. — The American Indians — In Ohio and the Muskingum Valley...; 26-43

III. — Political History — Legislation and Officers of the Law — Court Houses

and Jails 43-66

IV. — Zanesville — As a Trading Post — Ebenezer Zane — Indian Trail — Zane's
Patent — Zane, McCulloch, Putnam,i_Dr. Mathews, Whipple, Jona Daven-
port, Isaac Zane, John Mclntire, King Louis Phillipe — Fourth of July
1800 — Zanesville Incorporated — Boys and Girls of i82oi-2i — Dam —
Land Office — Revenue — Street Railways — Industries ofiBBi, etc., etc. 66-99

V- — Town Plat OF Zanesville — Described 99-109

VI. — United States Mail — In Zanestown in 1794 and Zanesville in 188 1 109-113

VII. — Boats and Boating 113-115

VIII. — Burying Grounds 115

IX.— Schools — The First School — The First Public School Building — Semi-
nary— Academy — Mclntire School — School Law — Board of Education —
First Graded School — Graded System Completed — First Superinten-
dent— First Lady Principal — Teachers— Superintendent's Report — At-
tendance for the Last Ten Years — Cost of the Schools for the Last Ten
Years — Regulations — Boundaries of Districts — Directors from 1838 to
1881 , inclusive. Parochial Schools — St. Columbia's Academy — German

Lutheran School. Zanesville Business College 116-140

X. — Physicians and Medical Societies 141

XI. — Putnam — The Town of Springfield — Putnam Hill Park — First Store —
First Physician— First Child Born— Post Office— M. E. Church— Black-
smiths— Deaths — Tanneries — Taverns — Banks — Name of Town Chang-
ed— Manufacturing Company — Woolen Mills — Potteries — Oil Mill —
Societies — Foundry — Village Incorporated — Glass Works — Bucket Fac-
tory— Loan and Savings Association — Classical Institute — Annexation
to Zanesville — "ClifFwood" — Merchants, Mechanics and Professional

Men of Springfield — Reminiscences — Natchez.. 143-157 ■

XII. — EccLESiASTicAN HisTORY — Embracing twenty-two Religious Organiza-
tions within the limits of Zanesville 157-187

XIII. — Secret Societies — The Masonic Fraternity and Directory — Odd Fellows'
Fraternity and their Benevolent Association — Grand United Order of
Odd Fellows (Colored) — Druids — Independent Order of Red Men —
Knights of Pythias — B'Nai Berith — Kesher Shel Barsel — Knights of

Honor — Royal Arcanum — Patriotic Order Sons of America 187-204

XIV- — The Press — The Weekly Advocate— The Zanesville Courier— The Daily
Democrat — The Daily Era — The Zanesville Post — The Zanesville Sig-
nal—The City Times— The Daily Morning Times— The Dresden
Chronicle — New Concord Enterprise — Universal Sorrow, when President

Garfield Died 205-216

XV. — Water Works 216

XVI. — Banks and Banking 217

XVII. — Fire Department 220-225

CHAP. XVIII. — Societies — The Ohio Bible Society — Temperance — Emancipation — St.
Nicholas— Old Settlers— Y. M. C. A.— Building— Woman's Benevo-
lent— St. Joseph's 225-239

XIX. — Library 240

XX. — Telegraph and Telephone 241

XXI. — Elections — Since the Adoption of the Present City Charter 242

XXII. — Music — " Mess Johnson " and his Viol — First Reed and String Band —
Harmonic Band — Mechanics' Band — Atwood's Brass Band — Bauer's
Band — Heck's Band and Orchestra — Organs and Pianos — Vocal
Music — H. D. Munson — Music in the Public Schools — Harmonic

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Society — Music Store — Professors Lilenthall, Walberg, Machold,
Miller, Strachauer, Meising, Rowe and Luse. Musical Societies —
Concordia, Mannerchor, Frohsinn, Harmonic, German Singing So-
ciety— Choral Association — The Mendelssohn Glee Club

XXIII. — Fine Art — In Zanesville

XXIV.— The Opera House

XXV. — Eleemosynary Institutions — Muskingum County Infirmary — John
Mclntire's Will — Muskingum County Children's Home — John Mc-In-

tire Children's Home

XXVI. — Muskingum Improvement

XXVIL— Railroads

XXVIII. — Agricultural AND Horticultural Societies

XXIX. — Geological Report of Muskingum County — A. B.Andrews

XXX. — Military History of Muskingum County

XXXI. — The Muskingum Mission

243-246
250

252

253

259
261

265

267-279

279-320

320-328

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.

DATE OF SETTLEMENT.
1790

TOWNSHIP.

Falls

Muskingum 1797

Newton i797

Harrison 1798

Jefferson and Cass 1799

Madison 1800

Salt Creek 1800

Washington 1801 371

Adams 1801 377

Perry 1802 380

Springfield 1802 383

Wayne 1802 392

329
336
341
347
352
360

37S

TOWNSHIP. DATE OF SETTLEMENT.

Licking 1802

Hopewell 1803

Union .

401

408

.From 1803 to 1806 415

425

439

453

Blue Rock 1805

Rich Hill 1805

Meigs 1807

Highland 1808 451

Monroe , 1810

Salem 1810

Brush Creek i8jo

Clay 1812

Jackson 1815

456
460
467
473
47s

PORTRAITS AND -VIEWS.

Church, E. H

Foley, G. W

Spangler, B. F

Amos, W. L

Larzelere, J. R

Court House

Jewett, H.J

Buckingham, A

Schultz's Opera House

Wiles, L. & Son

Shinnick Block

Glessner & Gilbert

Spangler & Finley

American Encaustic Tile Co.

Clark, S.W

Sturtevant & Martin

High School

Werner, H. C

Mitchell & Stults

Herdman, Harris & Co

Farquhar, O. C

Putnam Female Seminary . . . .

Epply, William

Allen, J. B

Frank, L. & Son

Grant, Alexander

Bailey & Porter

Graham, W. H. & Co

24
32
32
32
40

S6
64

-216

112

120

128.

136

140

144

152
i68
192
192
200
232

PAGE.

Spencer, E 240

County Infirmary 252

Mclntyre Children's Home 252

Stevens, W 256

Schoene, H 264

Allen & Munson 272

Merkle, A 280

Ungemach & Stern 280

Blandy, B. A 288

Dodd, J. H 296

England Bros 304

Jacobs, C. & Co 304

Hermann, J. J 320

Griffith & Wedge 328

Lemert, L. J. & Son 352

Rambo, L. & Co 352

Barron, O. W 360

Rambo Bros 368

Adams, J. L. & Co 368'

Lemert & Brammer 376

Hewitt, Samuel 384

Muskingum College 420

Speer, A. & Son 424

Wilkins, H. H 424

The Times 432

The Signal 440

The Weekly Visitor 448

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A,.M!^W. Vn'f.

History of Muskingum County, Ohio.

CHAPTER I.

THE MOTJND BUILDERS.

THE OPINIONS OF RELIABLE WRITERS THE

BRUSH CREEK MOUND AND ITS DISCLOSURES

THE INSCRIBED STONE FOUND IN THE MOUND,
AND THE TRANSLATION OF THE INSCRIPTION.

A. y. Conani, A. M., Member of the St. Louis
Academy of Science, and of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancetnent of Science. P. 13 :
" Many centuries ago, the inhabitants of Amer-
ica, who were the authors of the great works in
the Mississippi Valley, were driven south by an
army of savage warriors from the north. After
many hundred years, a messenger returned from
the exiled tribes, with the alarming news that a
terrible beast had landed on their shores, who
was carrying desolation wherever he went, with
thunder and fire. Nothing could stay his pro-
gress, and no doubt he would travel over the
land in his fury.

" It is conjectured that this beast of thunder and
fire referred to the Spanish invasion of Mexico.
The Tuscaroras, according to the account pub-
lished by Mr. David Cusick in 1827 (quoted by
Prof. Rafinesque), had a well-arranged system
of chronology, dating back nearly three thousand
years. Their traditions locate their original
home north of the great lakes. In process of
time, some of their people migrated to the river
Kanawag (S"t. Lawrence). After many years, a
foreign people came by the sea, and settled south
of the lakes. Then follow long accounts of wars,
and fierce invasions by nations from the north,
led by confederate kings and a renowned hero
named Galatan. Many years again elapse, and
the king of the confederacy pays a visit to a
mighty potentate whose seat of empire is called
the Golden City, situated south of the lakes ; and
so on, down to the year 1143, when the traditions
end."

p. 14: "No one can examine these traditions
without. being convinced that they have some
great historic' facts for their basis, however in-
credulous he maybe as to the correctness of their
dates, or their pretentions to so high antiquity.''

p. 16-17: "The traditions concerning these
works (mounds) are, in substance, that they were
constructed by a people who were accustomed to

burn their dead, and were only partially occu-
pied. Each family formed a circle sacred to its
own use. When a member died, the body was
placed in the family circle, and burned to ashes.
A thin covering of earth was then sprinkled over
the whole. This process was repeated as often
as a death occurred, until theinclosure was filled.
The ring was then raised about two feet, and
again was ready for further use. As each addi-
tional elevation would of necessity be less in
diameter than the preceding, in the end a conical
mound would be the result." * * " While it
is no doubt true that the mound builders were an
agricultural people, it is quite reasonable ;to sup-
pose, from the fact that their most extensive
works are found upon the shores of lake's and
banks of rivers, that fish formed no inconsidera-
ble item in their bill of fare. A strong proof
that they were here, many centuries ago."

Idem, p. 50: Decayed Skeleton. — "At the
depth of about two feet the first skeleton was
reached, lying upon- its back, with head towards
the east. All the small bones were thoroughly
decayed. About six feet north of this, another
skeleton was disclosed, evidently buried in a
sitting posture. This was so much decomposed
that only a few of the thicker portions of the skull
could be secured. Near this was also found the
skeleton of a very aged female, the skull in a
better state of preservation. In companionship
with these was a flint spear-head of the rudest
pattern, as were all the implements of stone —
which were not numerous — which the deposit
contained. With the exception of the rude spear-
head, their presence seemed to have been acci-
dental, and this also may have been so. Among
the most interesting relics were articles of bone,
such as awls, scrapers,' and the like, and occa-
sionally one made from the inner surface of a
shell, with a sharp edge. [These disclosures
were found in Pulaski county, in one of the many
famous saltpetre caves so often mentioned in the
early annals of the State (of Missouri), with which
the Gasconade abounds. The opening is in the
face of a perpendicular limestone bluff", which ex-
tends along the river for many miles.] And it is
worthy of note that saltpetre can't save bones
eternally."

Idem, p. 60: "The peaceful tribes who once
dwelt in this region of the Mississippi Valley,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

upon either shore, found no quarries of stone of
easy cleavage, or which could be wrought with
their simple tools for the erection of their edifices.
Doubtless, wood was the only material at their
commaiid, or, possibly, sun-dried brick. The
dust oi their temples is gone with that of their
builders ; their altars are crumbled, the sacred
fire is extinguished, which the sun shall never-
more re-kindle. But the proud monument of
their national solemnities still rears its majestic
form in the midst of a vast alluvial plain of
exhaustless fertility, a grand memorial of days
more ancient than the last migration of the Aztec
race to the plains of Anahuac, who found there
the same structures, which they appropriated and
by which they perpetuated the worship of the
land of their fathers as well as that of the people
whom they subjugated. It is not unreasonable
to suppose that when, from its elevated summit,
the smoke of the yearly sacrifice ascended in
one vast column heavenward, from the great
work above described, that it was the signal for
simultaneous sacrifices from lesser altars through-
out the whole length of the great plain, in the
centre of which it stands, and that the people
upon the Missouri shore responded with answer-
ing first from those high places which once stood
upon the western bank of the river, but are now
destroyed.

*' Here we may well believe was the holy city,
to which the tribes made annual pilgrimages to
celebrate the national feasts and sacrifices. But
not here alone ; for in this vast homogeneous
race, one in arts and worship, had the same
high and hoty places, though of less imposing
magnitude, in the valley of the Ohio, in Alabama
and Mississippi."

P. 67-8: "From an interesting account of
certain mounds in Utah, communicated by Mr.
Amaza Potter to the 'Eureka Sentinel,' of Ne-
vada, as copied by the ' Western Review of Sci-
ence and Industry,' I make the following ex-
tracts :

" ' The mounds are situated on what is known
as the Payson farm, and are six in number, cov-
ing about twenty acres of ground. They^ are
from ten to eighteen feet in height, and from five
hundred to one thousand feet in circumference.'

" The explorations divulged no hidden treas-
ure so far, but have proved to us that there once
undoxibtedly existed here a more enlightened
race of human beings than that of the Indians
who inhabited this country, ands chesrordwoe
have'been traced back hundreds of years.'

"'While engaged in excavating one of the
larger mounds, we discovered the feet of a large
skeleton, and carefully removing the hardened
earth which was embedded, we succeeded in
unearthing a large skeleton without injury. The
human frame-work measured six feet six inches
in length, and, from appearances, it was un-
doubtedly that of a male. In the right hand
was a large iron or steel weapon, which had
been buried with the body, but which crumbled
to pieces on handling. Near the skeleton was
also found pieces of cedar wood, cut in various

fantastic shapes, and in a state of perfect pre-
servation ; the carving showing that the people
of this unknown race were acquainted with the
use of edged tools. We also found a large
stone pipe, the stem of which was inserted be-
tween the teeth of the skeleton. The bowl of
the pipe weighs five ounces, and is made of sand-
stone, and the aperture for tobacco had the
appearance of having been drilled out.'

" ' We found another skeleton near that of the
above-mentioned, which was not quite as large,
and must be that of a woman. There was a
nea'ly carved tombstone near the head of this
skeleton. Close by, the floor was covered with
a hard cement, to all appearances a part of the
solid rock, which, after patient labor and ex-
haustive work, we succeeded in penetrating, and
found it was the corner of a box, similarly con-
structed, in which we lound about three pints of
wheat kernels, most of which was dissolved when
brought in contact with the air. A few of the
kernels found in the center of the heap looked
bright, and retained their freshness on being
exposed. These were carefully preserved, and
last spring planted and grew nicely. We raised
four and a half pounds of heads from these
grains. The wheat is unlike any other raised
in this country, and produces a large yield. It
is the club variety ; the heads are ver\' long, and
hold very large grains.'

" ' We find houses in all the mounds, the
rooms of which are as perfect as the day they
were built. All the apartments are nicely plas-
tered, some white, others in red color. Crockery
ware, cooking utensils, vases — many of a pattern
similar to the present age — are also found. Upon
one large stone jug or vase can be traced a per-
fect delineation of the mountains near here for a
distance of twenty miles. We have several mill-
stones used for grinding corn, and plentv of
charred corn-cobs, with kernels not unlike what
we know as yellow dent corn. We judge, from
our observations, that those ancient dwellers of
our country followed agriculture for a livelihood,
and had many of the arts and sciences known to
us, as we found molds made of clav for casting
different implements, needles made of deer-horns,
and lasts made of stone, and which were in good
shape. We also found man^- trinkets, such as
white stone beads and marbles, as good as made
now ; also, small squares of polished stones
resembling dominoes, but for what use intended,
wo cannot determine.'

" The above account we see no reason to dis-
credit, and can only wish that the examinations
had been more thorough, and the account more
explicit as to the dimensions of rooms and other
details. From what is stated, however, we con-
clude that the authors of these works could not
have belonged to the present Indian race, but
were undoubtedly of the mound-building people
of the Mississippi Valley."

Many pages of interesting data might be ad-
ded from Mr. Conant's great work, but the limit
of this paper will not permit. That his opinions
are entitled to great respect no intelligent reader

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

can doubt. His own vast store of information
from observation has been added the wisdom o
Garcillaso De La Vega, Prof. Refinesque, Dan-
iel Willson, L.L. D., Alexander W. Bradford,
J. W. Foster, Edward L. Clark, Wm. Pidgeon,
Prof. G. C. Swallow, Sir John Lubbock, M. L.
Figuier, M. Marlot, John Evans, Lewis C. Beck,
H. M. Brackenridge, James Adair and others.
So that while the names of tribes or individuals
may not be given, it is safe to accept the opinion
given by Mr, Conant in the fifth chapter o
"Vanished Races:" "Notwithstanding the va-
riety of form presented in tlie multitudinous
structures throughout the continent of North
America, the comparison of many of the most
prominent characteristics makes it reasonably
certain that one people were the authors of them
all. . . . It seems highly probable that there
were two slowly moving streams of migration
from the north ; the most important one on the
east of the Mississippi, the other through the ter-
ritories lying west of the river. The southward
movement of a vast people seems to have been
arrested in the valley of the Ohio for a long pe-
riod of time. Otherwise the fact can hardly be
accounted for that here occur the most stupen-
dous monuments of their industry and skill, and
also the most striking evidences of the stability
and repose of their national life. Here the
mound builders reached the highest stage of civ-
ilization they ever attained this side of Central
America and Mexico. The movement upon the
western side of the river, while it had its source
in the one great fountain-head at the north, does
not seem to have been so well defined in all its
characteristics, notwithstanding the fact that the
population in Missouri at one time was as great,
and, we have reason to think, greater than in
Ohio. The cause may have been that they never
enjoyed a season of repose and exemption from
war to such a degree as to render it possible for
them to devote the time and concentrate their
energies upon their internal affaii's to the extent
which resulted in the more advanced civilization
of the eastern tribes. There seems to have been
one prevaiHng system of religion among them
all, which was based upon the worship of heav-
enly bodies. This remark applies not only to
the people of North America, but to the ancient
inhabitants of the southern continent as well.
The temple mounks in both, though built of dif-
ferent materials, are the same in form and pur-
pose. . . . Manj^ able writers upon Ameri-
can Antiquities have given much attention to the
numerous class of works which have usually been
denominated sacrificial mounds. . . . To
my own mind the evidences are almost conclu-
sive that these should be denominated Cremation
Mounds ; and that up to a certain period this was
the usual, perhaps, universal, method of dispos-
ing of the remains of departed friends. The size
of the mound would then indicate the rank of
him whose body was thus consumed therein.
Upon no other hypothesis can we account for the
earth being heaped upon the so-called altars
while the fires were yet burning, leaving some

portions of wood yet unconsumed. The latter
custom seems to have been the one universally
practiced by the mound-builders of Missouri.

Should the idea here advanced be substantiated
by future investigation, that cremation was once
the prevailing custom, and that at some period it
was discontinued and mound buried adopted in
its place, then it would seem altogether probable
that Southeastern Missouri was peopled at some
time subsequent to that event, and therefoi-e the
works so abundant there are more recent than
those of the Ohio Valley.

John T. Short, in the North Americans of An-
tiquity, p. 130: "It is quite certain the cranies
of the Northwest Mounds, as compared with
those of the Mississippi region, clearly point to
the fact of relationship with Asia. Strong reas-
ons for supposing a remote intercourse between
Asia and the Pacific Coast." Idem, p. 147:
"No claim has been advanced, we believe, which
advocates an actual Egyptian colonization* of the
New World, but strong arguments have been
used to show that the architecture and sculpture
of Central America and Mexico have been influ-
enced from Egypt, if not directly attributable to
Egyptian artisans." Mr. Bancroft remarks :
"The customs, manner of life, and physical ap-
pearance of the natives on both sides of the
Straits are identical, as a multitude of witnesses
testify." Again: "If the original population of
this continent were not Japanese,- at least a con-
siderable infusion of Japanese blood into the orig-
inal stock has taken place." Idem, p. 154:
"The only remaining theory, and probably the
most important of all, because of its purel}^ scien-
tific character, which presents itself for our con-
sideration is that which not only considers the
civilization of Ancient America to have been in-
digenous, but also claims the inhabitants them-
selves to have been autoch-thonic ; in a word , the
process of evolution, or in some other way, the
first Americans were either developed from a
lower order in the animal kingdom, or were
created on the soil of this continent. As the lat-
ter involves the denial of the unity of the race, it
requires proof before we can consider it." P.
187 : "We have every reason to believe that the
men of the mounds were capable of executing in
sculptures reliable representations of animate ob-
jects. The perfection of the stone carvings, as
well as the terra cotta moulded figures of animals
and birds obtained from the mounds, have ex-
cited the wonder and admiration of their discov-
erers. Against the Ethnic Unity : Indians there-
fore not Mound-Builders." P. 190: "Probably
one of the most incontrovertible arguments
against American Ethnic Unity is that which
rests upon the unparalleled diversity of language
which meets the philologist everj^where. The
actual number of American languages and dia-
lects is as yet unascertained, but is estimated at
thirteen hundred ; six hundred of which Mr.
Bancroft has classified in his third volume of
'The Native Races of the Pacific States.' "

Idem, p. 195 : "We call attention to the words
of the distinguished Prof. Haeckel, in his "His-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

tory of Creation," which are as follows : 'Prob-
abl}' America was first peopled from Northeast-
ern Asia by the same tribe of Mongols from
whom the Polar men (Hyperboreans and Esqui-
maux) have also branched. This tribe spread first
in North America, and from thence migrated over
the isthmus of Central America down to South
America, at the extreme south of which the
species degenerated very much by adaptation to
the unfavorable conditions of existence. But it
is also posssible that Mongols and Polynesians
emigrated from the west and mixed with the
former tribe. In any case the aborigines of
America came over from the old world, and did
not, as some suppose, in any way originate out
of American apes. Catarhine, or narrow-nosed
apes, never at any period existed in America.'
The same argument holds good if it be ascer-
tained that both man and apes developed from a
common ancestor. With these authoritative ut-
terances from the most celebrated representatives
of the development school, we shall rest the fan-
ciful hypothesis of the autoch-thonic origin of the
ancient American population."

P. 232 : "It is common to look upon the Tol-
tecs and Aztecs as the first inhabitants of Mex-
ico. Such a conclusion is erroneous, since they
were preceded in Central Southern America and
even in Anahuac by people of different extrac-
tion from themselves, and by scattering tribes of
their own linguistic family — the Nahua. And
all the early writers refer to them in terms which
indicate that they were disposed to accept the
existence of a race of giants as a fact !"

P. 234: "The tribes which figured conspicu-
ously in Mexico prior to the Toltecs, and not re-
lated to the Nahuas, were the Miztecs and Zapo-
tecs, whose language was not Maya, as some
have supposed." P. 234: "Their civilization,"
says Bancroft, "in Oajaca, rivalled that of the
Aztecs."

J. P. MacLean, p. 131 : "Indians have no tra-
ditions concerning them, and know nothing about
this people." P. 135: '■'■The decayed Condition
of the Skeleton. — In nearly every case the skel-
eton has been found in such a state of decay as
to forbid an intelligent examination. Probably
not over half a dozen have been recovered in a
condition suitable for restoration. This is all the
more remarkable from the fact that the earth
around them has invariably been found wonder-
felly compact and dry. The locality, the method
of burial, the earth impervious to water, all tend
to the preservation of the body. Well preserved
skeletons have been taken from the tumuli of
Europe, known to have been deposited there not
less than 2,000 years ago. The mode of burial
was not better adapted for the preservation of the
body than that of the mound-builders. Yet the
latter were exhumed in a decomposed and
crumbling condition. From this consideration
alone a greater antiquity must be assigned to
them than to the burrows of Europe. This
point has been lost sight of by some modern stu-
dents."

From the Chautauqua Librar}- of English His-

tory and Literature, chapter i. Britons and Ro-
mans. I. British Period: from date unknown
to 55 B. C. : "The earliest inhabitants of Britain.
In days long past, while the children of Israel,
perhaps, were groaning in bondage and Moses
was yet unknown, a non-Arj^an people, pursued
by want or driven by war, settled in England.
The Island was then a desolate waste of marsh
land and forest. The bear and the wolf roamed
through the thick woods, and the beaver built in
the reeky fens, a wild and worthless land and a
wretched race ; for they passed away, leaving
little more mark of their presence than did the
herds that pastured near their low huts."

History has preserved no record of these ear-
liest inhabitants of England. Only some rude
burial mounds, in instruments of flint and bone,
which are now and then turned up to the spade,
are left to tell us about them. But from the evi-
dence gleaned from these remains it seems cer-
tain that generation after generation came and
went before they were dispossessed by men of
another race. Some knowledge they acquired
during these long years; for, "beginning with
heavy bones for hammers and sharp bones for
knives, they gradually came to manufacture
stone instruments and to work in horn ; they har-
pooned the whale, and fought on more than
equal terms with the wild beasts of the forest.
But before they had attained higher progress
they were surprised by invaders, strangers, men
with better arms, who slew them or drove them
into the hills." [See Pearson's History of Eng-
land, chap. I.J

In Freeman's History of England we read :
"The Celtic occupation of Britain. The people
who succeeded these rude tribes were members
of the Aryan race, which has given to the world
its best civilization. They were called Celts,
and were divided into two classes : the Gaelic,
still represented b}- the Celts of Ireland, and the
Scotch Highlands, and the Cymric, represented
by the Celts or Whales and Cornwall. We do not
know when the Celtic people came to England,
which they called Britain, but there is scarcely
an English village that has not some mark of
their presence which carries us back an almost
indefinite time in the history of the world."

According to Dr. Everett W. Fish, in the
"Egyptian Pyramids'": "Stone inscriptions
were the earliest types of written language. In
word presentation, though not in morphology,
they resemble the Chinese syllabicism : certain
forms became associated with certain ideas,
sometimes relative, sometimes cognate, and
henceforth were used to represent them. In the
course of years the idea-character became con-
tracted to a word or syllable. The early Aryan
or Semitic types of picture writing were distin-
guished by a predominence of vowel elements ;
the Coptic by nearly an absence of vowels and
preponderance of consonants. But some time
during this thousand years vowels appear in such
quantity as to indicate a new element in stone
literature. Also the co-relation between the age,
characters and personal attributes of the Cheops

CHISELS, GOUOES AND ADZES.

STONE AND CLAY FIPES.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.

of Herodotus in the Suphis of Manettro — the
fourth Memphian and the sixth Egyptian dynas-
ties— points unmistakably in the direction that
all these finger marks of the period do, viz : that
at or just before the Memphian conquest of
Thebes, all Egypt was invaded by a more intel-
lectual people ; that they left their marks on the
monumental history and the facial and cranical
angles, and on the national character of the hith-
erto Hindoo, and Hamitic, occupants of the val-
ley. Their life channel may be traced in its one
grand tradition — its origin from Menes. Its
Mf;nes came from Menu of India, and it went,
T,ooo years later, into Attic Theotechony as
Minos. There is also one channel in which a
search among traditions of the invading race is
confined : that is, the stream of Theosophy older
than Menu, Sabeism or the perpetual fires of
Iran : the monotheism of the race kindred to the
Abrahamic, of whom Melchi-Zedek is the earliest
Pontiff King ! If the philosophy of this singular
history teaches us of the invasion of the Shepherd
Kings at this time, it also teaches that they were
subsequently repelled, though not conquered."

"There is a widespread belief that the ancient
Egyptians were a highly developed race intel-
lectually, yet it is an error as far as it refers to
the pre-Ptolemaic period. In astronomy, math-
ematics, chemistry, art, economics, literature,
painting, sculpture, perspective, etc., they were
singularly and persistently backward ; no aixh
relieves the severe angular structures. The sun
moved around from east to west in its risings. Its
figures came from Arabia. Its letters changed
not from sound-pictures. Its tomb paintings
were daubs."

Mrs. Dr. Fish argues the improbability of the
Egyptians designing the Great Pyramid: "77^6
Stone Logos. — The most remarkable develop-
ment of the Great Pyramid in its relation to that
religion which has descended to us through the
Abrahamic race. ... It must give not a
little weight to the history of those races de-
scended from Shem, but out of the Abrahamic
succession ; for, no doubt, the Captitorim, the
Canaanites in general, and the races under Mel-
chizedek, were part of the original monotheists.
The peculiar history of the Pyramid's erection ;
its freedom from idolatrous hieroglyphs, pi-esent
in every other tomb and temple in Egypt, and its
marvelous problems — almost if not quite prophetic
— also should be taken into account. . . .
The prophetic nature of the chronology, con-
tained in the passages, representing events in
the history of the Hebrew race, is strong indica-
tion of a theistic design on the part of the builder.
The peculiar prominence of the 'Sacred Cubit'
is also worthy of notice, especially as this cubit
(25 Pyramid inches) was not in use either by the
Egyptians or Hebrews as a people. It was given
of God, as witnessed by Ezekiel, chap, xl, v. 5,
and consisted of a 'cubit and a hand breadth.'
Again, Isaiah, chap. 19, verses 19-20: 'In that
day shall there be an altar to the Lord in the
midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar in the
border thereof to the Lord.

'And it shall be for a sign and a witness unto
the Lord of hosts in the land of Egypt ; for thej'
shall cry unto the Lord because of the oppressors,
and he shall sendthem.a Savior, and a great one,
and he shall deliver them.' "

"Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid," by
Piazzi Smyth, F.R. S.E., F.R. A.S., Astrono-
mer Royal for Scotland. — Inasmuch as one of
the symbols in the insci-iption is found over the
one and sole original entrance passage inito the
great pyramid, the compiler feels not only aston-
ished that that symbol is only found on the pyr-
amids, but constrained to cite the learned author
concerning the Great Pyramid in several par-
ticulars :

" The ancient pyramids of Egypt form some-
what of a long, clustering group of gigantic
monuments, extending chiefly over about a de-
gree of latitude; beginning in the north, at the
head of the triangular-shaped land of Lower
Egypt, and stretching thence southward along
the western side of the Nile.

Within that nearly meridian distance one trav-
eler claims to have noted forty-five ; another says
sixty-seven ; and another still, leaving Egypt
altogether, and ascending the river as far as
Merve Noori, and Barkal, in Ethiopia, men-
tions one hundred and thirty as existing there.
But they are mediaeval, rather than ancient,
small instead of large, and with very little about
them, either in form or material, to remind of
the more typical early examples entirely in stone,
or those I'eally mathematically shaped old pyra-
mids, which, though few in number, are what
have made the world-wide fame of their land's
architecture from before the beginning of his-
tory." _

" With many of the smaller and later pyramids
there is little doubt about their objects ; for, built
by the Egyptians as sepulchres for the great
Egyptian dead, such dead — both Pharaohs and
their relatives — were buried in them, and with
all the written particulars, pictorial accompani-
ments, and idolatrous adornments of that too
graphic religion, which the fictile nation on the
Nile ever delighted in. But as we approach,
ascending the stream of ancient time, in an}^
careful chronological survey of pyramidal struc-
tures, to the Great Pyramid, Egyptian emblems
are gradually left behind ; and in and throughout
that mighty builded mass, which all history and
all tradition, both ancient and modern, agree in
representing as the first in point of date of the
whole Jeezeh, and even the whole Egyptian
group, the earliest stone building also positively
known to have been erected in any country, we
find in all its finished parts not a vestige of
heathenism, nor the smallest indulgence in anj^-
thing approaching to idolatry ; no Egyptology of
any kind, properly so called, and not even the
most distant allusion to Sabaism and its worship
of sun, or moon, or any of the starry host of
heaven.

" I have specified finished -parts, because in
certain unfinished, interminal portions of the con-
structive masonrv of the Great Pvramid discov-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ered by Colonel Howard Vyse in 1837, there are
some rude Egyptian markings for- a temporary
mechanical purpose ; and I also except, as a
matter of course, any inscriptions inflicted on the
same pyramid by modern travelers, even though
they have attempted, like the Prussian savants
of 1848, A. D., to cut their names in their own
slight ideas of the ancient hieroglyphics of the
old Egyptian idolators. But with these simple
exceptions, we can most positively say that both
exterior and interior are absolutely free from all
engraved or sculptured work, as well as from
everything relating to idolatry or erring man's
theotechnic devices. From all these hieratic
emblems, therefore, which from first to last have
utterly overlaid every Egyptian temple proper,
as well as all Egypt's obelisks, sphinxes, statues,
tombs, and whatever other monuments they (the
Egyptians) did build up at any known historical
and Pharaonic epoch in connection with their
peculiar, and, alas ! degrading religion.

"Was the Great Pyramid, then, erected be-
fore the invention of hieroglyphics, and previous
to the birth of the false Egyptian religion ? No !
for these, both history, tradition, and recent ex-
ploratory discoveries, testified to by many trav-
elers and antiquaries, are perfectly in accord,
and assure us that the Egyptian nation was
established, was powerful, and its spiritually vile
hieratic system largely developed, though not
arrived at its full proportions at the time of the
erection of the Great Pyramid ; that that struc-
ture was even raised by the labor of the Egyptian
population ; but under some remarkable com-
pulsion and constraint, which prevented them
from putting their unmistakable and accustomed
decorations on the finished building ; and espec-
ially from identifying it in any manner, direct or
indirect, with their impure and even bestial form
of worship.

"According to Manetho, Herodotus, and other
ancient authorities, the Egyptians hated, and
yet implicitly obeyed, the power that made them
work on the Great Pyramid ; and when that
power was again relaxed or removed, though
they still hated its name to such a degree as to
forbear from even mentioning it, except by a
peculiar circumlocution, yet, with involuntary
bending to the sway of a really superior intelli-
gence once amongst them, they took to imitating,
as well as they could, though without any under-
standing, for a fewof the more ordinary mechan-
ical features of that great work on which they
had been so long employed ; and they even re-
joiced for a time to adapt them, so far as they
could be adapted, to their own favorite ends and
congenial occupations.

" Hence the numerous ' quasi,' copies for sep-
ulchral purposes, of the Great Pyramid, which
are now to be observed, further south along that
western bank of the Nile ; always betraying,
though, on close examination, the most profound
ignorance of their noble model's chiefest internal
features, as well as of all its niceties of propor-
tion and exactness of measurement ; and such
mere failures are never found, even then, at any

very great number of miles away from the site j
nor any great number of years behind the date
of the colossal parent work.

The full architectural idea, indeed, of the
one grand primeval monument, though expen-
sively copied during a few centuries, 3'et never
wholly or permanently took the fancy of the
Egyptians. It Aad some suitabilities to their
favorite employment of lasting sepulture, and its
accompanying rites ; so they tried what they
knew of it for that purpose. But it did not ad-
duction of their unwieldy 'sacred' animals, nor
bulls, nor crocodiles, nor the multitudes of abject
mit of their troops of priests nor the easy intro-
worshippers, with the facility of their own tem-
ples ; and so, on the whole, they preferred
them. Those more opened and columned, as
well as sculptured and inscribed structures, ac-
cordingly, of their own entire elaboration, are
the only ones which we now find to have held,
from their first invention, and uninterrupted reign
through all the course of ancient and mediaeval
Egyptian history ; and to reflect themselves con-
tinuously in the placid Nile, from one end of the
long drawn Hamitic land to the other. They
therefore are, architecturally, Egypt. Thebes^,
too, with its hundred adorned Pylon tem)<le-
gates, and statues of false gods, is intensely
Egypt. But the Great Pyramid is, in its origin
and nature, something perfectly different.

Under whose direction, then, and for what
purpose, was the Great Py^ramid built? Whence
did so foreign an idea to Egypt comer Who
was the mysterious carrier of it to that land, and
under what sort of special compunction was it
that, in his day, the Egyptians labored in a cause
which they appreciated not, and gave their un-
rivaled mechanical skill for an end which they
did not at the time undei-stand, and which they
never even came to understand, much less to
like, in all their subsequent national ages ? [ Win-
chell tells us it was Cheops, 3400 vears B.C. J

This has been, indeed, a mysterv of myster-
ies, but may 3et prove fruitful, iii the present
advancing stage of knowledge, to inquire into
further ; for though theories without number
have been tried and failed in, by ancient Greeks,
and mediaeval Arabians, by French, English,
Germans, and Americans, their failures pardy
pave for us the road by which we must set out.
Pave it poorly, perhaps, for their whole result
has, up to the present time, been little more than
this : that the authors of those attempts are either
found to be repeating idle tales, told them by
those who knew no more about the subject than
themselves ; or skipping all the really crucial
points of application for their theories which
they shovild have attended to ; or, finally, like-
some of the best and ablest men who have given
themselves to tlie question, fairly admitting that
they were entirely beaten.

Hence the exclusive notion of temples to the
sun and moon, or for sacred fire, or h6ly water,
or burial places, and nothing but burial places,
of kings, or granaries for Joseph, or astronom-
ical observatories, or defenses to Egypt against

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

being invaded by the sands of the African desert,
or places of resort for mankind in a setond del-
uge, or of safety when the heavens should fall,
have been for a long time past proved untenable ;
and the Great Pyramid stands out now far more
clearly than it did in the time of Herodotus (no
less than 2400 yeai's ago), as both a prehistoric
monument, and yet rivaling the best things of
modern times in its eminently grand and pure
conception ; and which, though in Egypt, is yet
not of Egypt, and whose true and full explana-
tion is still to come.

Under these circumstances it is that a new
idea, based not on ancient hieroglyphics, pro-
fane learning, Egyptian literature, or modern
•^SyP'-'^^'^Sy springing therefrom, but on new
scientific measures of the actual facts of ancient
masonic construction in number, weight and
measure, was recently given to the world by the
late Mr. John Taylor, of London, in a book pub-
lished in 1859. -^^ ^^'^ ^'^^ visited the Pyramid
. himself, but had been, for thirty years previously,
collecting and comparing all the published
accounts, and especially all the better certified
mensurations (for some were certainly poor,
indeed), ofthose who had been there ; and while
so engaged, gradually and quite spontaneously,
(a:s he described to me by letter), the new theory
opened out before him. Though mainly a rigid
induction from tangible facts of scientific bearing
and character, Mr. Taylor's result was undoubt-
edly assisted by means of the mental and spirit-
ual point of view from whence he commenced
his researches, and which is, in the main, sim-
ply this :

That, whereas, other writers have generally
esteemed that the unknown existency who di-
rected the building of the Great Pyramid (and to
whom the Egyptians, in their traditions and for
ages afterwards, gave an immoral and even
abominable character), must, therefore, have
been very bad, indeed, so that the world at large,
from that time to this, has ever been fond of
standing on, kicking and insulting that dead
lion whom they really knew nothing of — he (Mr.
John Taylor), seeing how religiously bad the
idol-serving Egyptians themselves were, was led
tQ conclude that those they hated (and could
never sufficiently abuse) might perhaps have
been pre-eminently good, or were, at all events,
of a different religious faith from the land of
Ham. Then i-emembering, with mulah's mutan-
dis, what Christ himself says respecting the sus-
picion to be attached, when all the world speaks
well of any one, Mr. Taylor followed up this
idea by what the Old Testament does record
touching the most vital .and distinguishing part
of the Israelitish religion, and which is therein
described, some centuries after the building of
the Great Pyramid, as notoriously an ' abomina-
tion to the Egyptians.;' and combining with this
certain unmistakable historical facts, he success-
fully deduced sound Christian reasons for believ-
ing that the directors of the building— or rather
the authors of its design — and those who con-
trolled the actual builders of the Great Pyramid,

were by no means Egyptians, but the chosen
race, descendants of Shem, in the line of,
though preceding Abraham, so early, indeed, as
to be closer to Noah than to Abraham — men, at
all events, who had been enabled, b}' Divine
favor, to appreciate the appointed idea as to the
necessity of a sacrifice and atonement for the
sins of man by the Flood and the act of a Divine
Mediator — an idea coeval with the contest be-
tween Abel and Cain, and which descended
through the Flood to certain predestined fam-
ilies of mankind, but which idea no one of Egyp-
tian born would ever contemplate with a mo-
ment's patience ; for every ancient Egyptian,
from first to last, and every Pharaoh of them
more especially, was a genuine Cainite in
thought, act and feeling to the verjr back bone ;
confident of, and possessing nothing so much, or
so constantly, as his own perfect righteousness,,
and absolute fi-eedom by his own innate purity
trom every kind of sin.

On this- ground it was that Mr. Taylor took
his stand, and after disobeying the world's long-
formed public opinion of passively obedient
accord with profane Egyptian tradition, and set-
ting at nought the most time-honored prejudices
of polite society sO far as to give a full, fair and
impartial examination to the whole case from the
beginning, announced that he had discovered, in
some of the arrangements and measures of the
Great Pyramid — when coirected for injuries of
intervening time — cei'tain scientific I'esults, which
speak of much more than, or rather something
quite different from, any human intelligence.
For, besides coming forth suddenly in the pi-im-
eval history of its own day, without any child-
hood, or known preparation, the actual facts at
the Great Pyramid, in the shape of builded proofs
of an exact numerical knowledge of the grander
cosmical phenomena, of both earth and heavens,
not only rise above, and far above, the extremely
limited, and almost infantine knowledge of sci-
ence humanly attained to by any of the Gentile
nations of 4000, 3000, 2000 — nay, 1000 — yeai's
ago, but they are also, in whatever of the phys-
ical secrets of Natui-e they chiefly appl}- to, essen-
tially above the best knowledge of man in our
own time as well.

This is, indeed, a startling assertion, if true;
but, from its subject, admits of the completest and
most positive refutation, if untrue. For the exact
science of the present day, compared with that
of only a few hundred years ago, is a marvel
of development, and is capable of giving out no
uncertain sound, both in asserting itself, and
stating not only the fact, but the order and time
of the invention of the practical means necessary
to the minutest steps of all separate discoveries
yet made. Much more, then, can it speak with
positiveness when comparing its own present
extended knowledge against the little that was
known to man by his own efforts, and by his
school methods, in those early epochs, before
accurate and numerical physical science had
begun, or could have begun, to be seriously cul-
tivated at all ; that is, in the truly primeval day

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

when the Great Pyramid was built, finished,
sealed up, and left as we see it now, dilapidations
only excepted."

To fully comprehend. the force of Mr. Tay-
lor's argument, it will be necessary to read care-
fully Mr. Smyth's great work, in which he sub-
stantiates Mr. Taylor in the most scientific man-
ner. Let this be kept in remembrance.

In Pre-Historic Nations, by John D. Bald-
win, A. M., we read, p. 12 : " In Tuscany and
in Egypt, in India and in China, and in the
South-sea Islands and both Americas, we behold
evidences of a civilization, which, in some in-
stances, had run its course anterior to the age of
Homer."

P. 40: "The Greek race settled around the
^gean Sea, in Asia Minor, Thrace, Macedo-
nia, Messaly, Epirus, and throughout the Gre-
cian peninsula. The Greek race then consisted
of groups of tribes or families also closely re-
lated in origin and language, probably as the
Scandni avian groups in Northwestern Europe.
They inherited the culture of their predecessors,
the Phoenicians, or Cushites, andthePelasgians,
who in more ancient times, established the ora-
cle of Dodona, made Thrace eminent as a seat
of civilization and science, established enlight-
ened communities in Asia Minor, and carried
their influence into the Grecian peninsula itself."
P. 92: "A S3':stem of picture writing, which
aimed at the communication of ideas through
rude representation of natural objects, belonged
not only to the tribes' who descended the Nile
from Ethiopia, but to those also who, perhaps,
diverging from the same focus passed eastward
to the valley of Euphrates." P. 93 : " The
ruins of Egypt are covered with hieroglyphics,
the perlected Egyptian style of appearing on the
oldest monuments. There are not less than six
styles of cuniform writing ; that found in the
Chaldean ruins, seeming to be the oldest. There
is nothing to show how many forms of hiero-
glyphical writing came into use before this style
was perfected in Upper Egypt, and was super-
seded elsewhere by Alphabets."

The immigration doubted, p. 135 : " Some
writers, in discussing what Herodotus says of
the Phojnicians, have discredited an immigra-
tion as impossible. They have assumed and
supposed everybody else would admit, as a mat-
ter of course, that all men were ignorant bar-
barians " at that remote period," destitute of
the arts of civilized life. "That remote per-
iod," they are quite sure, was not far from the
dreary " Stone Age " in the unwritten history
of Western Asia, when the noblest naval struc-
ture was a loose raft of logs, and hunting and
fishing with the rudest stone and bone imple-
ments the most serious undertaking of the peo-
ple. The confident critics who raised this ob-
jection are not so numerous now. Those who
believe there never was any civilization worth
taking much account of previous to the time of
the Greeks are liable to such magnificent flights
in the dark.

Idem, p. 205 : " Rawlinson, speaking of

the Cushite character and language ol the old
Chaldeans, says :" " It can be proved from the
inscriptions of the country that between the date
of the first establishment of a Chaldean King-
dom to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, the lan-
guage of lower Mesopotamia underwent an en-
tire change." "The Cushite tongue disap-
peared, and the Aramiac took its place. The
influence of this Semitizing transformation pro-
ceeded westward, encountering effective resist-
ance only where it reached established communi-
ties by tJFie Aryans."

P. 402: "The Chinese and Japanese do not'
give us any myths ; they tell us what they have
actually known for many centuries. The Welsh
prince, Madog, about the year 11 70, A. D., was
just as certain of the existence of America when
"he sailed away westward, going south of Ire-
land," to find a land of refuge from the civil war
of his countrymen. Having made preparations
for a settlement he returned to Wales, secured a
large company that filled ten ships, then sailed
away again and never returned." In 1660, Rev.
Morgan Jones, a Welsh clergyman, seeking to
go by land from South Cai-olina to Roanoke,
was captured by the Tuscarawas Indians. He
declares that his life was spared because he
spoke Welsh, which some of the Indians under-
stood ; that he was able to converse with them
in Welsh ; that he remained with them four
months, sometimes preaching to them in Welsh.
North Carolina was once settled by Welsh.

Henry R. Schoolcraft, L. L. D. " Informa-
tion respecting the History, Condition and Pros-
pects of the Indian tribes of the United States."
Published by authority of Congress, March 3d,
1847. Vol. I, p. 17.- "Considered in ever}-
point of view, the Indian appears to be an old —
a very old stock. Nothing that we have in the
shape of books is ancient enough to recall the
period of his origin."

P. 21 : " The Aztecs were not aborogines, or
first inhabitants. The Aztecs made offerings to
the sun, upon the highest teocalli, and sung
hymns to it. Sacrifice was supplied alone by
the Priesthood, and was the foundation of their
power."

P. 31 : " The disciples of Zoraster, says He-
rodotus, rejected the use of temples, of alters,
and statues."

P. 36 : " Many have supposed that the Orien-
tal arts and knowledge were transfered to this
continent at early epochs, and have beheld evi-
dence of this in the ruins of temples, teocalli and
other structures and vestiges of ancient art,
scattered over the country. We shall know
more of this when we come to find and decipher
the inscriptions."

P. 40: "It was an early thought that the
manners and customs of the tribes savored of
tlie Mongolic or Samoidean type. The tribes of
the East Indies, embracing much of the gen-
eric type — physical and moral."

P. 71 : The whole of the western and north-
western antiquities of the highest class, em-
bracing every monument of the kind north of

CLUB-HEADED STONES.

^if

'""^Sasi

'fx.;7^^

— 1

STONE RELICS.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Utah and the country north of Gila, to which
the Poltec and Aztec civilizations probably
reached, may be viewed together by the anti-
quarian as forming the second type of American
antique civilization. That this type was a trans-
ferred Americo-Shemitic character, appears prob-
able from renewed inquries on the languages."

P. 114: "The inscription on the Assonet or
Dighton Rock :" "On this we observe the spots
represented by small holes, signifying so many
moons, in which case they are numerals, or, ac-
cording to the situation, are prepositions, and
then have such significance as harmonizes with
the other symbols."

P. 343 : The mode of communicating ideas by
the use of symbols of some sort, and with a
more or less degree of perfection, was an early
and a common trait in the human race. Alpha-
betic characters, it is thought, wei^e known in
Asia about 3317 years before the discovery of
America. We must assign much of the prior
era of the world to picture-writing and hiero-
glyphics.

P. 346: "It is supposed the mode of hiero-
glyphic writing was not laid aside until the third
century, A. D. An earlier opinion generally
affirnjs that the enchorial characters had ceased
to be employed after the Persian conquest ot
Cambysses, in 525, B.C. If the Egyptians, on
the invasion of the French, were found to have
substituted the Arabic alphabet in place of the
phonetic hier.oglyphic, and installed Mahomet's
system in place of the ibis, the calf and the cat,
they bad completely forgotten the event of this
mutilation of their literature, or that the phonetic
symbols had ever been employed by them. The
discovery was made by Europeans, and made
alone by the perpetuating power of the Greek
and Roman alphebet."

P. 347 : The Rosetta Stone. [See Denou's
Description of Egypt.] This fragment, which
I examined in the British Museum in 1842, was
dug up on the banks of the Nile by the Fi'ench,
in erecting a fort, in 1799. It was a sculptured
mass of black basalt, bearing the lingual inscrip-
tions in the hieroglyphic, the demotic, and the
ancieiit Greek characters. Copies of it were
multiplied and spread before the scientific minds
of England and the continent, for about twenty
years before the respective inscriptions were
satisfactorily read. It would transcend my pur-
pose to give the details of the history of its in-
terpretation ; but as it has furnished the key to
the subsequent discoveries, and serves to denote
the patience with which labors of this kind are
to be met, a brief notice of the subject will be
added. The Greek inscription, which is the
lowermost in position, and like the others imper-
fect, was the first made out by the labors of Dr.
Heyne, of Germany, Professor Parson, of Lon-
don, and by the members of the French Insti-
tute. They, at the same time, demonstrated it
to be a translation.

The chief attention of the enquirers was di-
rected to the middle inscription, which is the
most entire, and consists of the demotic or en-

choral character. The first advance was made
by DeLacy, in 1802, who found, in the groups
of proper names, those of Ptolemy, Arsinoe,
and others. This was more satisfactorily dem-
onstrated by Dr. Young, in 1814, when he pub-
lished the result of his labors on the demotic
text. These labors were further extended, and
brought forward in separate papers, published
by him in 18 18 and 18 19, in which he is believed
to have shed the earliest beam of true light on
the mode of annotation. He was not able, how-
ever, to apply his principles fully, or at leasr
without error, from an opinion that a syl-
labic principle pervaded the system. He car-
ried his interpretations, however, much beyond
the deciphering of the proper names. It was
the idea of this compound character of the pho-
netic hieroglyJ)hics that proved the onlj- bar to
his full and complete success ; an opinion to
which he adhered in 1823, in a paper in which
he maintains that the Egyptians did not make
use of an alphabet to represent elementary
sounds and their connection, prior to to the era of
the Grecian and Roman domination. Champol-
lion, the younger, himself entertained very
much the same opinion, so far, at least, as re-
lates to the phonetic signs, in 1812. In 1814, in
his "Egypt under the Pharaohs," he first ex-
presses a diffei-ent opinion, and throws out the
hope that, " sounds of language and the expres-
sions of thought," would yet be disclosed under
the garb of "material pictures." This was,
indeed, the germ in the thought-work of the real
discovery, which he announced to the Royal
Academy of Belle Letters, at Paris, in Septem-
ber, 1822. By this discovery, of which Dr.
Young claims priority in determining the first
nine symbols, a new link is added in the com-
munication of thought by signs, which connects
picture and alphabet wriiing. Phonetic hiero-
glyphics, as thus disclosed, consist of symbols
representing sounds of first letters of words.
These symbols have the peculiarity, and are
restricted to this precise use : that while they
depict the ideas of whole objects, as birds, etc.,
they represent only the alphabetic value of the
initial letter of the name ot these objects. Thus
the picture may, to give an example in English,
denote a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lotus ; but
their alphabetical value, if these be the words
inscribed on a column, would be, respectively,
the letters M. O. E. L. These are the phonetic
signs or equivalents for the words. It is evident
that an inscription could thus be made with con-
siderable precision, but not unerring exactitude,
and it is by the discovery of this key that so
much light has been, within late years, evolved
from the Egyptian monuments.

P. 348. "The next step taken by Quatremere,
who proved the present Coptic to be identical
with the, ancient Egyptian. To find this lan-
guage then,recorded in the hieroglyphics, was the
great object. It is here that the younger Cham-
pollion exercised his power of definition and
comparison. By the preconception of a pho-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

netic hieroglyphical alphabet, as above denoted,
he had grasped the truth, which yet lay con-
cealed, and he labored at it until he verified his
conceptions. It is thus that a theory gives energy
to research ; nor is their much hope of success
without one, in the investigation of the unknown.
. The discoveries of Dr. Young, and
the injudicious criticisms and wholesale praises
of the British press, (particularly the London
Qiiarterly) of his papers on the hieroglyphic
literature of Egypt, were calculated to arouse in
France and Germany a double feeling of rivalry.
It was not only a question between the respec-
tive archaeological merits of Dr. Young and M.
Champollion ; it was also a question of national
pride between England, France and Germany.
And, for the first time in their fierce and san-
guinarj' history, hieroglyphics were the missives
used. Victory decided in favor of Champollion,
as displayed in the triumphs of <the pure phonetic
method elucidated in his "Precis du systeme
hieroglyphiques des anciens Egyptiens," pub-
ished in 1824.

It is a striking feature in hieroglyphical phon-
etic writing, and the great cause of imprecision,
that its signs are multiform, often arbitrary, and
must be constantly interpreted, not only with an
entire familiarity with the language of the people
employing them, but with their customs, habits,
arts, manners and history. All who have studied
the Egyptian hieroglyphic literature have expe-
rienced this P. 349: "There is a

manifest tendency at the present day to over-es-
timate the civilization, learning and philosophy
of the Egyptians and Persians in these depart-
ments, chiefly from hieroglyphic and pictorial
records. If I mistake not, we are in some dan-
ger of falling into 'this error on this side of the
water in relation to the character of the ancient
Mexican civilization. The impulsive glow of*
one of our most chaste and eloquent historians
gives this natural tendency to our conceptions.
The Aztec semi-civilization was an industrial
civilization : the giving up of hunting and rov-
ing for agriculture and fixed dwellings. But we
must not mistake it. They built teocalli, tem-
ples, palaces and gardens ; but the people lived
in mere huts. They are still debased. Woman
was dreadfully so. The mind of the Aztecs,
while the hand had obtained skill and industry,
was still barbaric. The horrific character of
their religion made it impossible it should be
otherwise. Civilization had but little affected
the intellect, the morals not at all. They com-
memorated events by the striking system of pic-
ture writing ; but there is strong reason to sus-
pect, since examining the principles of the North
American system, as practiced by our Medas
and Jossakeeds, that the Mexican manuscripts
were also constructed on the mnemonic princi-
ple, and always owed much of their value and
precision to the memory of the trained writers
and painters.

' 'American Antiquities and Researches into the
Origin and History of the Red Race," by Alex-
ander W. Bradford. P. 17: "Many of the

tumuli formed of earth, and occasionally 01
stones, are of Indian origin, and they may gen-
erally be distinguished by their inferior dimen-
sions and isolated situations." P. 22 : "The an-
cient remains of the United States bear evident
marks of being the production of a people ele-
vated far above the savage state. Many of
them indicate great elegance of taste, and a
high degree of dexterous workmanship and me-
chanical skill in their construction ; others be-
token the existence of a decided form of religious
worship ; while the size and extent of the earthen
fortifications and mounds domonstrate the former
existence of populous nations, capable of execut-
ing works of enormous dimensions, requiring
perseverance, time and combination of labor for
their erection." Idem, p. 22: "An earthen
vessel found at Nashville, Tennessee, twenty
feet below the surface, is described as being cir-
cular, with a flat bottom rounding upwards, and
terminating at the summit in the figure of a fe-
male head. The features and face are Asiatic,
the head is covered by a conical cap, and the
ears are large, extending as low as the chin."
P. 32 : The skeletons are mostly decayed, or in
such fragments as to render it somewhat difficult
to ascertain their size and position." P. 52 :
"Many ancient tumuli consist of earth, and others
of stone, the composition depending upon natural
facilities for obtaining either material ; some of
these mounds were thirty-six feet in diameter,
but only three feet in height. They are mani-
festly of the same character with others found on
the Muskingum river, which are unquestionably
ancient." P. 53-4: "At Cincinnati a mound
eight feet high, sixty feet broad and six hundred
and twenty feet long ! One of the first accounts,
written in 1794, describes the mound as raised
upon the margin of the second bank of the Ohio
river, eight feet in height and with a base of
about one hundred and twenty bv sixty. Upon
its surface were found stumps of oak trees seven
feet in diameter. The articles which were found
were near a body interred in a horizontal posi-
tion, and with the head towards the setting sun.
The instruments of stone were smoothly and
regularly cut, and of great hardness. The cop-
per was well wrought, and the carved bones were
not human remains."

"Transactions of American Phil. Soc," vol. iv,
p. 178: "These, beside articles of jasper, crj-^s-
tal, coal, also beads, lead, copper, and mica
plates, marine shells of the genus buccinum, cut
into domestic utensils, and the sculptured repre-
sentation of the head of a voracious bird ; while,
as in the mounds before described, human bones
appeared, some enclosed in coffins of stone, but
all imbedded in ashes and charcoal, the unfailing
sign of the burning of the deceased." P. 60:
" Their identity of origin. — The general charac-
ter of all these remains indicates an origin from
the same nation, or from branches of the same
people." P. 376: "The Hermaic books pre-
served in the Egyptian temples like those of the
Aztecs, contained the outlines of their astrology,
astronomy, their rituals, the histories of their

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

mythology, and all, indeed, that was known of
the arts and sciences, which were in the posses-
sion of the priests alone. The Mexican manu-
script painting possessed many of the attributes
of real hieroglyphical writing. It did not con-
sist of merely mimetic images, such as are often
found on the Egyptian tombs, but it was fettered
bv prescribed forms : nearly all its elements had
a'fixed meaning, and had thus become, to an ex-
tent, conventional signs. The numbers to twenty
were were represented by dots or points. There
is reason to suspect that the number ten was in-
dicated by a straight line, twenty by a flag, four
hundred by a feather ; day, night, midnight, the
year, the century, the heavens, air, earth and
water were all denoted by symbolic characters.
The figures for the names of cities, and the as-
tronomical representations of the i;ames of the
months were also real symbols, which suggested
the sounds of those names upon bieingseen. In-
deed, the usual picture writing of the Mexicans
resembles that found upon the clothing of the
Egyptian mummies, and was of a mixed charac-
ter. But beyond all this, there are traces of real
phonetic hieroglyphics in those signs which ap-
pear upon the monument above the heads of the
gods, which, like the Egyptian hieroglyphics of
the names of the gods, were enclosed in an ob-
long rectangle. The characters of the Codex
Mexicanus at Dresden suggest the existence, of
even a complete system of phonetic hiero-
glyphics."

Studies of Antiquities as the Commentary of
Historical Learning, by T. Pownall, London.
Printed by J. Dodsley, in "Pall-Mall," 1782.
P. 192 : Whoever examines the specimen of
picture writing, as practiced among the Egyp-
tians, and commonly called hieroglyphics, and
comes fairly and soberly to the reading of them,
without preconceived notions of their mysterious
meaning, and takes them as he finds them, mere
pictures of birds, beasts, fish, reptiles, and
insects ; portraits of the limbs, members, and
various parts of the human body ; also of the
human body itself in various attitudes of rest and
action ; drafts of various instruments, tools,
weapons, ensigns, numerals and measures ; also
characters of elementary writing mixed with
them ; he, I say, that examines these pictures,
will perceive, a:t first view, that they relate merely
to human affairs ; that they are either historical
memorials, or registered tables of the state of
the provinces ; of their lands, people, forces,
produce and revenues, or calendars of their
seasons, etc., expressed by symbolic characters,
determined in their form by law, from the earli-
est use of them. What I here say of the Egyp-
tian picture writing, I can assert literally as a fact
of the Mexican picture writing, which is in three
parts : i. Historical Records. 11. Register
Tables, in. (Economical Regulations.

" They draw (says Diodorus, going on with
the same account) a hawk, for instance, a croci-
dile, or a serpent, parts and members of the
human body. The hawk, as supposed to be the
swiftest of all birds, is made the symbol of

velocity. The sense, then, is transferred by these
written metaphors, to everything which has any
reference to velocity, nearly as well as if it was
spoken in direct terms. The crocidile is made
the symbol of everything which is evil. The eye
represents watchful guard, and justice.
The drawing the right hand open with the fin-
gers extended, signifies the supply of human life ;
the left hand closed signifies care and custody of
the goods of life. Shakespeare uses the same
metaphor :

' He had an eye for pity, and a hand
Open as day, for melting charity.'

"The like reasoning does in like manner trans-
late from the portraits of all other parts of the
body, and from all species of instruments, tools
and weapons, etc."

P. 195 : Again, as the mouth is that part by
which speech is effected, lineal portraits of the
mouth, in the various forms it takes in enuncia-
tion, are used to make the various elements of
speech, which characters I call oral. As the
first mode of numeration with all people is the
fingers, so we find a system of numeral charac-
ters expressly formed on this idea. But they
had other methods also of numeration, speci-
mens of which are found in every hieroglyphic
inscription. It is not only true that the Egyp-
tians used elementary writing, but they had two
sorts of these elements. Those which took their
form and character from the mouth — oral.

P. 19 : The others, which I conceive to be the
secret cypher, I have, for distinction sake, deter-
mined to call the Ogmian (the secret writing of
the Druids) was so called. God, the supreme
Being, is pictured by the only two following
symbols, invariably the same : First, by a winged
globe, or circle, signifying infinity, unity, activ-
ity, and omnipresence ; secondly, a globe or cir-
cle, through which a serpent, the symbol of life, is
passant, signifying the creative and plastic mani-
festation of the first cause, animating and gov-
erning the material world.

P. 197 : Plato, in his second dialogue on laws,
explains on this point : "These types and fig-
ures, be they such as they are, and whatever
they are, they are formed on a basis of an insti-
tution of the government of Eg5'^pt, which directs
that no sculptor, painter, or statuary shall ren-
der any idea of improvement, or on any pre-
tense whatever presume to innovate in these
determined forms, or to introduce any other than
the constitutional ones of his country. Hence
it is, as you observe, that those forms and figures
which were formed or painted hundreds of ages
past, be they what they may, are exactly the
forms and figures, neither better nor worse,
which are sculptured and painted at thisday."
Plato de Lezibus, lib. 11. p. 789.

Idem, p. 206-7-8: Clemens Alexandrinus,
who must have understood this matter, living on
the spot, gives an explicit account of it in the
fifth book of his Stromata, of which I venture to
give the following translation: "Those who
receive their education amongst the Egyptians

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

learn in the first place the method of the Egyp-
tian elementary writing, or letters, which is
called the Epistolary writing ; secondly, the
Sacerdotal, which the hierographists, the priest-
scribes use ; lastly, as the perfecting of this part
of education, the hieroglyphics. This consists of
two methods ; the one is written by elements in
direct terms ; the other is symbolic. The sym-
bolic may again be divided into two kinds ; the
first as a picture or direct portrait of the matter
or thing intended to be described ; the second is
written by metaphorical representations. This is
sometimes allegorized by enigmas." If my
translation be just, it describes the fact as it will be
found to have existed. It describes, first, the
generical distinctions ; the writing by elements
or letters, and the picture writing, and next the
three species of each genus. First, the writing
for common business (the demotic, as Herodo-
tus calls it), next, the court-hand, that which the
Sacerdotal scribes used; and lastly, that which
was used in the sacred engraved inscriptions,
which is so often, to this day, on the obelisques
and other public records. The first, the sym-
bolic, was applied in actual portraits of the thing
described ; the second used, as Plato expresses
it, metaphors for descriptions ; the third, which
allegorized these pictvires and enigmas, which
the original writers, ne susficate guidem scnet.
I have already explained, as the mere physiolo-
gic commentaries, the divine romances of the
learned priests."

The reader will recall the language of Mr.
Schoolcraft : " The Aztecs were not aborigines,
or first inhabitants." And " It was an early
thought that the manners and customs of the
tribes savored of the Mongolic or Samoiden
type. The tribes of the East Indies — embracing
much of the generic type and moral. The whole
of the western and northwestern antiquities of
the highest class, embracing every monument
of the kind north of Utah, and the country north
of the Gila, to which the Lottec and Aztec civil-
izations probably reached, may be viewed to-
gether by the antiquarian as forming the second
type of American Antique civilization — that this
type was a transferred Americo-Shemitic charac-
ter, appears probable from renewed inquiries on
the languages."

These views are corroborated by the other
writers, as set forth in these quotations, and by
Alexander Winchell, L.L.D., Professor of Geol-
ogy and Palasntology in the University of Mich-
igan. In his work " Pre-Adamites," p. 52, chap.
vi., he groups the races in three divisions,
according to prevailing color. Ethnologists rely
on color to only a limited extent, and at most
account it but one among many physical and
linguistic considerations, regarded as throwing
light on racial distinctions and affiliations. Yet
color shows a strange and persistent independ-
ence of the physical environment.

A chromatic classification, moreover, will be
most convenient for the present purpose.

Conspectus of Types: I. White Race (Med-
iterranean), or the Blushing Race.

1 . Blonde Family (Japheitites, Aryans, or Indo-

Europeans.)

2. Brunette Family (Semites).

3. Sun-burnt Family (Hamites).

II. Brown Races: (i.) Mongoloid Race-
(Tartar, Turanian).

1. Malay Family.

2. Maylayo-Chinese Family.

3. Chinese Family.

'4. Japanese Family (including Coreans).

5. Altaic Family.

6. Behring's Family.

7. American Family.
(2.) Dravidean Race.

1. Dekkanese Family.

2. Cingalese Family.

3. Menda Family (Jungle Tribes, or Primitive

Dravidae).

This tabulation is continued in the Black
Races, but enough is given to certify that the
aborigines of America date back to the first
division of the Brown Races, viz. : the Mongoloid
race, having passed through peculiar changes,
chiefly climatic, known as the Malay Family,
Malayo-Chinese, Japanese, Altaic, Behrings,,
and lastly, the American, or, what seems most
probable, a tribe from this stock found its way
via Behrings Strait to this continent.

They were of the Brunette Family, whom the
ancient Egyptians styled "yellow;"' but this is
a better designation of some of the Mongoloid
families. The birth-right Jews, in all countries,
and the Arabs, are the best examples of this fam-
ily. This is no insignificant aid to our compre-
hension of their intellectual status, and harmon-
izes with the implied belief of the majority of the
writers on this subject that they were an intellec-
tual people, and doubtless as well informed as
any below the white race, if we may even ex-
cept this.

Mr. Winchell adds: "The Mongoloids, or
Turanians, are the most numerous, and bv far
the most widely dispersed of all the i-aces.
[These are facts which seem to possess much
significance.] They are characterized by long,
straight, black hair, which is cylindrical in sec-
tion, b}' nearly a complete absence of beard and
hair on the body, by a dark-colored skin, vary-
ing from a loathor-like yellow to deep brown, or
sometimes tending to red, and by prominent
cheek bones, generally accompanied b}' oblique
setting of the eyes. * * * The true Mon-
gols, also called Tartars, stretch in their numer-
ous tribes from the eastern part of the desert of
Gobi, north to Lake Baikal, and westward as far
as Kalmucks, to European Russia. The Turks,
of which the Uighars, Osmanlis, Yakats, Tuixo-
mans and Kirghis are the principal branches,
are spread over the wide region from the Altai
Mountains, through Turkistan to the Caspian
Sea, and in isolated tribes through the Caucasus
to Hungary and European Turkey. The
Eui-opean Turks have lost most of their ^Mongol-
oid characters by long admixture with the Aryan
stock, but their languages preserve distinctly the
evidences of their Mongoloid origin."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Idem, p. 66: " The American family of Mon-
goloids embraces all the aboriginal population of
both continents, except the Behrings tribes. All
researches hitherto have failed to establish the
■existence of more than one race, whether among
the anciently half civilized or the hunting tribes,
and have only resulted in the conviction that an
American race of men, as distinct from Mongol-
oids, is only a prepossession arising from their
continual isolation and remoteness from their
Asiatic kinsmen, when contemplated across the
Atlantic by European ethnologists. The phys-
ical affinities of the American Indian, especially
in view of the connecting types of the Haidahs
(a tribe of Tlinkites), the Alents, the Helmes,
the Coreans, and Japanese, are sufficiently close
to convince any unprejudiced student that all the
populations of America have been derived from
the Asiatic continent."

Thus we have passed in review the opinions
•of the authors who have written most concisely,
as well as from the best known data concerning
the peculiar people called the Mound Builders ;
.and after presenting the report of the Historical
Association organized in Brush Creek township,
Muskingum county, Ohio, for the purpose of
securing . the most reliable and complete data
■concerning that township, to be incorporated in
the history of this county, it will doubtless ap-
pear to others, as it has to the writer, that this
resume has rendei"ed intelligible the existence of
the Mound Builder remains in Ohio, and enabled
us to interpret the inscription on the stone found
in the mound in Brush Creek township :

" Brush Creek Township,
March 3, 1880.
"To Z)r. y. T. Ever hart, A.M., Historian:

" Dear Sir : On December i, 1879, we assem-
bled with a large number of people for the pur-
pose of excavating into and examining the con-
tents of an ancient mound, located on the farm
of Mr. J. M. Baughman, in Brush creek town-
ship, Muskingum county, Ohio.

"The mound is situated on the sumrhit of a
hill, rising 152 feet above the bed of the stream
called Brush creek. It is about 64 feet in width
by about 90 feet in length, having an altitude of
II feet 3 inches; is nearly flat on top. On the
mound were found the stumps of sixteen trees,
ranging in size from 8 inches to 2^ feet in
diameter.

We began the investigations by digging a
trench four feet wide from the east side. When
the depth of eight feet had been reached, we
found a human skeleton, deeply charred, inclose
proximitj;^ to a stake six feet in length and four
inches in thickness, also deeply charred, and
;Standing in an upright position. We found the
■cranium, vertebrae, pelvis and metacarpal bones
near, while the femurs and tibula extended hori-
zontally from the stake. At this juncture work
was abandoned, on account of the lateness of the
hour, until Monday, December 8th, when it was
resumed by opening the mound from the north-
west. When at the depth of seven and a half

feet in the north trench, came upon two enormous
skeletons, male and female, lying one above the
other, faces together, and heads toward the west.
The male, by actual measurement, proved to be
nine feet six inches ; the female eight feet nine
inches in length. At about the same depth in
the west trench we found two more skeletons,
lying two feet apart, faces upward, and heads to
the east. These, it is believed, were fully as
large as those already measured, but the condi-
tion in which they were found rendered exact
measurement impossible. On December 22dwe
began digging at the southeast portion of the
mound, and had not proceeded more than three
feet when we discovered an altar, built of sand-
rock. The altar was six feet in width and twelve
feet in length, and was filled with clay, and of
about the same shape that the mound originally
was. On the top, which was composed of two
flat flag-rocks, forming an area of about two feet
in width and six in length, was found wood-ashes
and charcoal to the amount of five or six bush-
els. Immediately behind, or west of the altar,
were found three skeletons, deeply charred, and
covered with ashes, lying faces upward, heads
toward the south, measuring, respectively :
eight feet ten, nine feet two, and nine feet four
inches in length. In another grave a female
skeleton eight feet long, and a male skeleton nine
feet four inches long — the female lowermost, and
the face downward, and the male on top, face
upward, behind the site of the altar. Alter pro-
ceeding about tour feet, we found, within three
feet of the top of the mound, and five feet above
the natural surface, a coffin or burial case, made
of a peculiar kind of yellow clay, the like of
which we have not found in the township ; con-
sequently, we believe it was brought from a dis-
tance. Within the casket were confined the re-
mains of a female eight feet in length, an infant
three and a half feet in length, the skull of which
was scarcely thicker than the blade of an ordi-
nary case-knife. The skull of the female would
average in thickness about one-eighth of an
inch, nieasured eighteen and three-fourth inches
from the supra-orbital ridge to the external occi-
pital protuberance ; was remarkably smooth ;
perfectly formed. Within the enclosure was a
figure or image of an infant but sixteen inches
in length, made of the yellow clay of which the
casket was formed ; also, a roll of peculiar black
substance encased in the yellow clay, twelve
inches in length by four inches in diameter,
which crumbled to dust when exposed to
the air.

We also found what appears to have been the
handle and part of the side of a huge vase ; it was
nicely glazed, almost black in color, and burned
ve'ry hard. From within a few inches of the
coffin was taken a sand-rock, having a surface
of twelve by fourteen inches (which had also
passed through the fire), upon which were en-
graved the following described hieroglyphics :"
[Here a space was left in the note-book for the
representation of the inscription found upon the
stone ; but, for the sake of a true representation,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

we determined to have photographs made, and
make one a part of this report.]

Proceeding north about four feet from where
we found the coffin, and within six inches of the
top of the mound, we discovered a huge skeleton
lying on its face, with the head toward the west.
Mr. J. M. Baughman came upon this one acci-
dentally, and, as it fell to pieces, he thinks no
one could tell how long it was, but those who saw
it unanimously declared it to be the largest of
any yet discovered.

We have found eleven human skeletons in all,
seven of which have been subjected to fire ; and,
what is remarkable, we have not found a tooth
in all the excavations.

The above report contains nothing but facts
briefly told, and knowing that the public has
been humbugged and imposed upon by archaeol-
ogists, we wish to fortify our own statements by
giving the following testimonial :

We, the undersigned citizens of Brush Creek
township, having been present and taken part in
the above excavations, do certify that the state.
ments herewith set forth are true and correct,
and in no particular has the writer deviated from
the facts in the case.

[Signed.] Thomas D. Showers,

John Worstall,
Marshall Cooper,
J. M. Baughman, .
S. S. Baughman,
John E. McCoy."

" The State of Ohio, Muskingum county, ss:

William T. Lewis, being first by me duly
sworn, deposeth and saith : -I began work on
the Smith Gallerjr on September 2d, 1879, ^"^^
continued to work there until June 14, 1880 ; and
that between December 20, 1879, '^^'^ January
10, 1880, I photographed for Dr. J. F. Everhart
an engraved stone, said to have been exhumed
from a mound in Brush Creek Township, and
that I have this day identified the negative that I
then took, in the Gallery No. loi. Main street,
Zanesville, Ohio ; that when I was about to print
the picture for Dr. Everhart I assured him I
could, by retouching the negative, make the
characters on the stone appear plainer, and that
Dr. Everhart objected, saying he wanted nothing
more or less than an exact copy of the stone, with-
out any alterations whatever, and that I am pre-
pared to identify the stone from whicli the nega-
tive referred to was taken, and that there was no
sign of any recent engraving or marking on the
engraved side of the stone.

W. T. Lewis.
Sworn to before me and subscribed in my
presence this i6th day of March, A. D. 1881.
Wm. H. Cunningham, Jr., "
Notary Public in and for said county and State."

The reader will observe in the Report the ab-
sence of gcientific precautions, and perhaps the
scientist who expects to find things in a scientific
way may censure us for this, but when it is re-
membered that the object in this, as in every ef-

fort in exploring hidden things, is to read the
facts discovered, without the shackles of theory,
it will be conceded that this could not have been
accomplished better than by leaving the explor-
ation to those who had no theoretic knowledge
on the subject.

And that whatever the inscription might mean
remained for development by research, as no
tyro could decipher characters as old as these
have been found to be, and the inscription had
not yet been viewed by an archaelogist, or one
acquainted with the characters.

Having the Report, and having seen the
mound, measured it, counted the stumps thei-eon,
inspected the graves and nearly all of their con-
tents, and having the inscribed stone, I under-
took to collate the opinions of not only the best
known writers on the subject, but to gather wis-
dom from the savants in America, England and
the Canadas, to whom photographs and a brief
account of the contents of the mound were sent.
Many of these expressed themselves greatly in-
terested, particularly in the inscription, and
promised to give it their most earnest attention,
and kindly intimated their views concerning
some of the characters ; but generally urged the
propriety of exercising great precautipn in ex-
huming and measuring the skeletons, which, by
the way, were measured /;/ sitti.

Finally, I was urged by officers of the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science
to appear at their next annual meeting in Boston,
Massachusetts, in August, 1880, with the tablet,
and a paper on the subject. At that meeting I
read a paper on "The Mound Builders," sub-
stantially the same as this, and exhibited a speci-
men of the clay that composed the coffin or
casket ; specimens of the bones contained in the
casket, showing their decayed condition, and the
tablet. The latter, particularly . was examined
by many with great scrutiny and pronounced a
vei-itable mound builder relic of ancient make.

The outHne of history- here given is believed
to be sustained by the fuller text of the authors
quoted, and the interpretation of the inscription
is possibly the only legitimate rendering with the
light we now have.

The stone was found in a reclining position,
with its dorsal aspect uppermost, and into which
Mr. J. M. Baughman stuck the point of his coal
pick, as stated by him and confirmed bv the well-
known marks of" that instrument in their original
freshness in the stone. It was but partially
cleaned when brought to the writer, and was
•then cleansed with water and a brush, and was
photographed without manipulation, and the
pictures were printed without retouching the
negative.

The position of the stone indicated that it had
once been erected with the parallel lines perpen-
dicular. Observing the angle marks, however,
and remembering that "angle stones" were
found upon the Great Pyramid, and that they
were placed wikh the vertex of the angle upper-
most, the writer postured the stone accoi'dingly,
and recognizing certain of the characters as-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Greek, and that, according to many writers,
characters of ideation have been postured differ-
ently in different ages, evidenced especially in
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language,
1879. P- 1762: Chart of "Ancient Alphabets,"
it was deemed legitimate to adopt the same
course.

The first left hand character between the upper
parallel lines is Alpha, the second is Omega, the
third a spot, a numeral, the next a sceptre with a
numeral above, the next numerals of order, the
next a serpent — symbol of life-spirit, the next the
sign of addition, the next Delta, the next the
ligatured Greek sign of the infinitive ; the cavity
between the upper and lower rows of characters
is to be grouped with those below the lower row,
and represents sun, moon and stars, or heavenly
bodies ; the first left hand character in the lower
row represents a seal or stamp in use the third
century B. C. [See Dr. Julius Eutings' table of
Semitic characters, in outlines of Hebrew Gram-
mar, by Gustavus Bickell, D. D.,, Leipzig.]
The next is another form of the serpent, asso-
ciated with a numeral, the next the ligatured
character repeated, the next numerals of order,
the last the angle marks, corresponding with the
"angle stones."

The discovery that " Alpha and Omega " are
the first two characters of the inscription was as
startling as it is true. And the connection with
the Great Pyramid, as indicated by the corre-
sponding signs, " the angle stones," found only
on the Pyramids, and upon this grave stone, as
far as now known, began to loom up, and Mr.
Smyth's three keys for the opening of the Great
Pyramid seemed to have a bearing upon this
inscription ; so that they are here quoted for the
benefit of the reader. "Key first: The key ot
pure mathematics." "Key the second: The
key of applied mathematics — of astronomical
and physical science." "Key the third: The
key of positive human history, — past, present,
and future, as supplied in some of its leading
points and chief religious connections by Divine
Revelation to certain chosen and inspired men
of the Hebrew race through ancient and mediae-
val times ; but now to be found, by all the. world,
collected in the Old and New Testaments."

There is no twisting, no forcing needed in
using any of these keys ; and, least of all, is any
alteration of them required for this particular
purpose."

Here, then, is " a new departure;" — not de-
vised, but substantiated by the Astronomer
Royal, of Scotland. And, in order to combine
the mode of interpretation indicated by reference
to the Old and New Testaments, so clearly
shown to be the way, with the indications by the
authors adduced, a brief resume will be found
profitable.

Mr. Conant certifies that the mounds were
constructed by a people who burned their dead ;
a race homogenous in arts and worship ; and he
gives an account of a neatly carved tombstone
found near the head of a skeleton in the meund
on the Payson farm in Utah ; and of an un-

known kind of wheat found in the same enclos-
ure ; and plastered houses in those mounds.

Mr. Short has strong reasons for supposing" a
remote intercourse between Asia and the Pacific
coast ; and recites the Historian Bancroft's state-
ment, that "the natives on both sides of- Beh-
ring's Straits are identical in physical appear-
ance ;" and Mr. Short denies the autoch-thonic
origin of the aborigines ; and cites Prof. Haeckel
as having the same views on this subject.

MacLean gives an account of skeletons taken
from the tumulli of Europe known to have been
there not less than 2,000 yeai's, and still well
preserved, while those we find are so decayed as
to prevent examination, other than measuring
in situ.

Dr. Fish, the Egyptologist, states that stone
inscriptions were the earliest types of written
language in Egypt and elsewhere ; that the
forms of ideation were sometimes relative and
sometimes cognate, and then became contracted
into a word or syllable ; that the channel of re-
search has been the Theosophy older than
Menu, Sabeism or the fires of Iran ; the mono-
theism of the race kindred to the Abrahamic, of
whom Melchi-Zedek is the oldest pontiff' king ;
the prophetic nature of the chronology in events
in the history of the Hebrew race a strong indi-
cation of a theistic design on the part of the
builder; the "sacred cubit" — especially the
cubit of 25 Pyramid inches — not in use b}' the
Egyptians or Hebrews, but given, as witnessed
by Ezekiel xl. 5. And again, in an able article
on the Rosicrucians : "In the most ancient times
there was an intellectuality which sui"passes
modern conception ; that it la)' in the possession
of a few with whom it perished, that it was not
obtained by the slow process of experience ; that
it was mostly mathematical and geometric, and
finally that an arcana of the caballa may possi-
bly have been an element which led to prophecy.

Piazzi Sm3'-th discovers to us "The King's
Chamber," " The Queen's Chamber," with one
angle stone over the entrance of each, and on
the outside of the Great Pyramid two angle
stones at the north entrance, and as Cheops and
his wife, or Queen, were to have been buried
there, and these symbols have been found to be
the only signs therein and thereon, the interpre-
tation is that two distinguished persons wei-e
entombed thei"e. This', with the use. of three
angel stones in Abooseir, Middle Pyr., lat.
29.54; Abooseir, G. Pyr., lat. 29.54; under like
circumstances, in the absence of any other sym-
bol expressive of the fact that three distinguished
persons were entombed there, corroborates the
interpretations ; he also confirms Mr. Taylor's
opinion, that he had " discovered in some of the
measurements of the Great Pyramid, certain
scientific results which speak more than, or
rather quite different irom any human intelli-
gence." Baldwin — Pre-Historic Nations — finds
evidence of civilization in both Americas older
than Homer.

Schoolcraft says that " nothing we have in the
shape of books is ancient enough to recall the

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

period of his (the aborigines) origin ; he gives a
description of the Rosetta stone, with its tri-lin-
gual inscription, hieroglyphic, demotic and
ancient Greek.

Bradford, American Antiquities: "The an-
cient remains of the United States were the pro-
duction of a people elevated far above the sav-
age state ; that in this country " the numbers to
twenty were represented by dots or points ;
and astronomical symbols and phonetic hiero-
glyphs" were used. Pownall's Antiquities de-
scribes the Mexican picture writing in three
parts ; speaks of the winged globe as the sign
of infinity ; the sign of the serpent a symbol of
life, the spirit, and other signs, all of which were
protected by Egyptian edict.

Winchell, in Pre- Adamites, classes the Mon-
goloid race at the head of the Brown Races,
and determines the 6th sub-division to be the
Behring family, and the 7th the American fam-
ily, and settles the " vexed question," as to who
built the Great Pyramid, by showing that Cheops
was the builder, and his son, Merhet, was Prince
and Priest in the Fourth Dynasty, 3400 B. C,
and that portraits of his Dynasty reveal the ex-
istence of a Semitic type ; that, according to
Lepsius, the Egyptian and Semitic types of the
Mediteranean race were extant at the time [See
pp. 204-s].

The inscription on the tablet taken from the
mound in Brush Creek Township is composed
of three different forms of ideation, which are
made out to be Demotic or Enchorial, Hiero-
glyphic and Greek. The Demotic, according
to Herodotus, had ceased to be used 525 B. C. ;
the Hieroglyphics had ceased to be used about
the third century, A. D., and Greek characters
were then used as ideations. The inscrijition,
therefore, must d^te back to the time when one
of these classes ceased to be used, which was
425 B. C.

That the mounds embraced in our contempla-
tion are rude imitations of the Pyramids, for the
same purposes, is certainly probable. And as
will be seen in the report on the disclosures of
the mound in Brush Creek Township, there
were three graves distinguished from ever}'
other, and as the inscription upon the stone taken
from that mound included three angle marks,
our belief in the antiquity of the mound and its
contents is made stronger and stronger until we
doubt no more.

The difficulty, however, is in formulating these
ideations, and necessitated the citation of the
authorities quoted in this chapter, and as their
views were condensed, the difficulty is scarcely
diminishdd until the discovery that Alpha and
Omega were the first two characters in the
inscription was made. This harmonized with
evidence of the writers in favor of a theastic de-
sign on the part of the builder of the Great
Pyramid, and brought to our aid the learned
Piazzi Smyth's "Third Key," again harmoniz-
ing with the history of the Egyptian Dynasties,
which shows that they had a Priesthood ; and,
ergo, the formulation we have adopted, and the

first of which is found in "the Revelation of St.
John the divine," chapter i, verse 8.

The repetition will be found of common occur-
rence in almost every variety of expression in
those days, and has not altogether disappeared
at this day.

The astronomical formulation, interpreting the
characters not found within the parallel lines, is
found in the first verse of the XIX Psalm, and is
associated with the angle stone marks, which, if
they have any signification, may be interpreted :
distinguished persons, servants of Deity, worthy
of the great respect shown in the entombment ;
these angle stones are only found upon the Great
Pyramid, and other Pyramids in Egypt, and in
numbers corresponding to the numbers buried
within. From the foregoing we reach the fol-
lowing translation :

/ am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the
Lord God, which is and which was, and which is
to come, the Almighty ; giving first, -power on
earth; secondly, the spirit, added from heaven
without ending.

" The heavens declare the glory of God,''"' as a
seal of His -power to bless, first, with life, and
forever, these servants.

This chapter was written in 1880, and a paper
prepared from it was read before the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, at
the session held in Boston, Mass., in August, of
that year ; and the paper was earnestly solicited
for publication by the officers of the Association,
but was reserved for the history of this county.

January 2d, 1882, I received from Daniel G.
Brinton, M. D., Secretary of the American Phil-
osophical Society, Vice President of the Numis-
matic and Antiquarian Societj-, of Philadelphia,
Member of the American Antiquarian Society,
of the Historical SocietJ^ of Penna. etc., etc.
Author of "The Myths of the New Worid,"
" The Religious Sentiment," etc.. etc., "The
names of the Gods in the Kiche myths, in Cen-
tral America," with compliments of the Author.
This is a very able paper, and was read by Dr.
Brinton before the American Philosophical So-
ciety, November 4, 1881, and from which the
following extracts are taken. They will doubt-
less strengthen the foundation for the interpreta-
tion given to the Brush Creek Tablet :

" The following remarkable invocation to Hur-
akan, which is one of the finest in the Popol Vuh,
premising, according to the same authority, that
Hurakan is equivalent to All Powerful :

1. Acarroc, Atoob a gih, at Hurakan, at u
Qiix cah, ulen I

Hail, beauty of the dav, thou Hurakan, thou
(its) Heart, the Sky, the Earth !

2. At yaol rech ganal-raxal, at pu yaol mial,
qahol I

Thou giver (of) our prosperity, thou, and giver
(of) datighters, sons !

3. Cha tziloh, cha maquih uloc a raxal, a
ganal :

Make firm, extend hither thy glory, thy great-
ness :

4. Cha yatah, u qazsic, vinakiric val nu qahol :

ELIJAH HART CHURCH.

There is, perhaps, no more difi&cult task for the
biographer than to portray the traits of a "life well
spent," so as to fully represent its meritoriousness,
and gain the approbation of those who knew the
subject best, even when that life has been one of
ofiSoial and public character, with well defined
boundaries in the spheres in which it has moved.
And this difl&culty is increased when the subject
has not filled any such positions, but modestly
guided his bark " adown the stream of life," not
even keeping a record of his stopping places.

Mr. Church was as remarkable for his self-abne-
gation as for his fidelity to his duty (however
small it may have seemed), and his charity toward
the erring and the needy. It would, therefore, have
come with a better grace for some one of his life-
long friends to tell the story of his life, that seems
to the stranger-historian a part of the woof and warp
of Zanesvilte's history; but after this great lapse of
time, since his demise, they have shirked the op-
portunity of doing justice to the memory of their
friend, and will have to be content with such a
tribute as the brief notes at our command permit.

His father, Joseph Church, with his wife and
several young children, came from Bucks county,
Pennsylvania, to Zanesville, in the spring of 1807.
The subject of this sketch was born in a log cabin,
on the north side of Main street, above Seventh; he
attended "old Mother Gofif's school" in 1812-13;
Arthur Reed's, on Cyprus alley and Seventh (where
the Richard's Block stands) ; William McCormick

and Marcus Metcalf had him for a pupil. He
learned his letters ofif a paddle— letters pasted on
one side and a-b-ab's on the other; the course of
instruction ended without graduation. When he
was near through the rudiments, the teacher solilo-
quized [with Milton :]

"I will bring thee where thou shaltquit
Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes
The monarchies of earth.''

October 15, 1815, Joseph Church and wife, who
had recently united with the Presbyterian Church
by the confession of their faith, took their children,
including Elijah, to the church, and, with many
others, they received the outward sign of invisible
grace in the rite of baptism, administered by the
Rev. James Culbertson, of whom Mr. E. H. Church
always loved to speak in the highest praise.

At the age of fifteen Elijah engaged with his
father to learn the shoemaking, and " worked at the
bench " about three years, attending school during
the winter months. He then apprenticed himself
to William Janes, a bricklayer, and became a good
workman, and worked at that trade fifty years.

Such is the brief record at command; the barren-
ness, however, is relieved by the peculiar interest
he took in the growth of his native town, and the
pains he was at to preserve the personal reminiscen-
ces of the pioneers ; his aflFection glowed as he un-
folded their good deeds. His own genial manner im-
pressed the writer so that he often thought him a

type of a race that seems almost extinct, but that
was given to hospitality, and afforded the enjoy-
ment of security from suspicion, amid friends that
were true, under every trial, who sought to add to
the comfort and enjoyment of their kind. This
was a favorite thought with Mr. Church ; his was
a warm and generous nature. So that it seems a
reality to think we hear a well known friend of the
family say, — Aye, my boy, kiss your mother, kiss
her again; fondle your sweet sister; pass your lit-
tle hand through the gray locks of your father ;
love them tenderly while you can ! Make your
good nights linger, with the words of your soul-love
oft repeated to father, mother, sister, brother,
though these loves shall die.

" Full swells the deep pure fountain of young life,
When on the heart and from the heart we took
Our first and sweetest nurture ; when the wife,
Blest into mother, in the innocent look,
Or even the piping cry of lips that brook
No pain and small suspense, a joy perceives
Man knows not, when from out its cradled nook
She sees her little bud put forth its leaves."

And so we find him fond of home and the loved
ones there ; and at the fireside telling o'er and o'er
the events of the past — full of interest, for he kept
a journal of passing events that extended over
thirty years, noting many things it seems surpris-
ing he should have taken an interest in — the death
■of individuals, the work of churches, the unset-
tling of an old pastor, and the calling of a new one;
the election of church officers; the change of fami-
lies in churches ; the change in county ofiicials ; but
we forbear, adding only what you know so well, that
he communicated through the press what he knew
concerning the early history of Zanesville, in over
eighty articles. He died March 22d, 1880; died as
the spring dies into summer ; as the summer
ripens into fall; as the leaves die, to spring forth
into newness of life on the other shore. God was
merciful to him, and he was gathered to his fathers,
without terror.

At the time of his death the living children
were John, George, Hattie, and Annie; Hattie is
Mrs. John L. Clemens, of "Clemens & Son;"
Annie is Mrs. Vincent Ferguson.

He was the oldest native born citizen in Zanes-
ville at the time of his death, and, by his death,
the chain, that binds us to the infant days of the
city he loved so well, is shortened. One after an-
. other, these much loved fathers are passing away,
and it will not be long until the stranger may ask
of us, as the Prophet of Israel, "Your fathers, where
are they ? "

The Odd Fellows' Fraternity took the following
notice of the death of Elijah H. Church :

A feeling of sincere sadness pervaded the proceed-
ings of the Directors of Odd Fellow's Hall Associa-
tion, at their monthly meeting, held on the evening
of April 6th, and expressions of ge-nuine sorrow fell
from every one present, at the vacant chair of their
late associate, Elijah H. Church. This chair Mr.
Church has occupied for over twenty years, never
missing a meeting, unless prevented by illness,
or absence from the city. When first elected to the
Board, the affairs of the Association were in a dis-
astrously embarrassed condition. Besides heavy
mortgages on the building, on which interest had
accumulated, there was a large floating debt, and
nothing but the personal security of two or three
of the Directors saved the property from the ham-
mer of the Sheriff. Mr. Church lived to see this
valuable property entirely freed from every in-
cumbrance, and its stock, whenever any was offered
for sale, bringing double its face value in the mar-
ket. Towards this success, the prudent counsels,
economy, perseverance and personal labor of
Elijah Church, essentially contributed. On ad-
journment, the following resolutions were ordered
to be recorded on the minutes of the Association,
published in the city papers, and a copy given to
the family of the deceased :

"Resolved, That in the death of our old friend
and associate, E. H. Church, the Board of Direc-
tors of Odd Fellows' Hall Association has lost a
valuable member, to whose judgment, punctu-
ality, encouraging advice, and unwearying energyi
the stockholders are largely indebted.

'^Resolved, That the Order of Odd Fellows, to which
Elijah H. Church was so long and affectionately
attached, has lost a faithful brother whose long life
and upright walk and conversation were an emin-
ent example of the principles inculcated by the
Order and embodied in its motto of " Friendship,
Love and Truth."

"Resolved, That Zanesville has lost one of her
oldest and worthiest citizens ; one possessing a re-
markable love for the memories of its pioneer
founders, and for the relics of the olden times, and
one whose honesty, sterling integrity, fidelity to
every duty, and attachment to his friends, de-
servedly gained for him the respect and honor of
the whole community.

"Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with his
bereaved family in the irreparable loss which they
have sustained, and that we will long keep his
many virtues and upright qualities of head and
heart green in our remembrance.

"Joseph Crosby, Treasurer."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY,' OHIO.

Give their life, (their) increase to my descend-
ants i

5. Chi pog-tah, chi vinakir-tah, tzukul ave,
cool ave.

That they may beget, may increase nurses for
thee, guards for ':hee :

6. Ziquy ave pa be, pa hoc, pa beya, pa xivan
xe che, xe caam.

Who shall invoke thee in the roads, in the
paths, in the water-ways, in the gorges, under
the trees, under the bushes.

7. Cha yaa qui mial, qui qahol :
Give to them daughters, to them sons.

8. Ma-ta habi it-tzap, yanquexo :
Let there not be disgrace, misfortune.

9. Ma-ta choc qaxtokonel chiquih, chi qui
bach.

That not comes the deceiver behind them, be-
fore their face.

10. Me pahic, me zokotahic ; me hoxomic,
me gatonic.

May they not fall, may they not stumble ; may
they not hurt their feet, may they not suffer
pain.

11. Me kahic requem be, rahzic be.

May they not fall in the low road, in the high
road.

12. Ma-ta-habi pak, toxcom chiquih, chi qui
vach.

Let there not be a stumbling block, a scourge
behind, before their face.

13. Que a yatah pa raxa be, pa raxa hoc ;
Give them (to be) in a green road, in a green

path ;

14. Ma-ta-habi quil, qui tzap a cuil, av
itzmal.

Let there not be to them evil, to them misfor-
tune (from) thy locks, thy hair.

15. Utz-tah qui qoheic tzukul ave, cool ave, cha
chi, cha vach.

Fortunate to them (be) existence, nurses
thine, guardians thine, before thy mouth, before
thy face.

16. At u Qux cah, at u Qux ulen, at pizom
Gagal ! at puch Tohil !

■ Thou its heart the sky, thou its heart the earth,
thou veiled Majesty ! thou and Tohil.

17. At puch Tohil, Avilix, Hacavitz, pam cah,
x\ pam ulen, cah tzak, cah xucut.

Thou and Tohil, Avilix, Hacavitz, body (of
the) sky, its body the earth (with its) four sides,
four corners.

18. Xa-ta-zak, xa-ta-amag, u pam cha chi,
cha vach, at Qabaiul I

So long as light, so long as time (be) its body
before thy mouth, before thy face, tliou God !"

By the same author : " There is another invo-
cation in the Popol Vuh, containing some other
names of Deity, a literal translation of which I
shall give, after Brasseur :

" Hail ! O Creator, Maker ! who sees and hears
"us! Do not leave us; do not desert us. O
*' Qabauil, in the sky, on earth, soul of the sky,
" soul of the earth. Give us children, posterity,
" [as long as] the sun goes, and the light. Let
" the seed grow, the light come. Many green

" paths, green roads, give us ; in peace, in white
" peace, be the tribe ; in welfare, in white wel-
" fare, be the tribe ; give us, then, happy life and
"existence. O Hurakan, Chipi-cakulha, Raxa-
"cakulha, Chipi-nanauac, Raxa-nanauac, Voc,
" Hunaphu, Tepen, Gucumatz, Alom, Qaholom,
' ' Xpiyacoc, Xmucane — Grandmother of the Sun,
" Grandmother of Light ; let the seed grow, the
"light come." (P. 210.)

" Such was the prayer which, according to
" Kiche traditions, their early ancestors ad-
" dressed to the divinities, in those far-off years
' ' when they dwelt in the distant Orient, in the fer-
" tile land of Paxil and Cayala, before they had
"yet gone to Tulan to receive the tribal and fam-
"ily gods which they adored in later days.

" Such is the testimony which these rude na-
tives bear through the witness of their language .
to the source and power of knowledge ; and such
was the impression it made upon their untutored
minds that even to this day, after more than
three hundred years of Christian teaching, it is
not the mild Judean Virgin, nor the severe
Christian God, who is their highest deity, but it
is the Wise Naoh, the Spirit of Knowledge, the
Genius of Reason, who in secret receives their
prayers as "the greatest of all the gods. They
have also other divinities whose worship has con-
stantly been retained in spite of all the efforts of
the missionaries."

And March 26th, 1882, received a publication
from the same painstaking and reliable author
(Daniel G. Brinton, M. D.), "The Books of
Chilan Balam, the Prophetic and Historic Re-
cords of the Mayas of Yucatan, from which the
following extracts (which the archaeological stu-
dent will highly prize) are taken :

"Civilization in Ancient America rose to its
highest level among the Mayas of Yucatan.
Not to speak of the architectural monuments
which still remain to to attest this, we have the
evidence of the earlist missionaries to the fact
that they alone, of all the natives of the New
World, possessed a literature written in "Letters
and characters," preserved in volumes neatly
bound, the paper manufactured from the bark of
a tree sized with a durable white varnish.

A few of these books still remain, preserved
to us by accident in the great European libraries ;
but most of them were destroyed by the monks.
Their contents were found to relate chiefly to
the pagan ritual, to traditions of the heathen
times, to astrological superstitions, and the like.
Hence, they were considered deleterious, and
were burned wherever discovered.

This annihilation of their sacred books affected
the natives most keenly, as we are pointedly in-
formed by Bishop Landa, himself one of the
most ruthless of vandals in this respect. But al-
ready some of the more intelligent had learned
the Spanish alphabet, and the missionaries had
added a sufficient number of signs to it to express
with tolerable accuracy the phonetics of the Maya
tongue. [This last clause is italicized by the
compiler.] Relying on these memories, and, no
doubt, aided by some manuscripts secretly pre-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

served, many natives set to work to write out in
this new alphabet the contents of their ancient
records. Much was added which had been
brouglit in by Europeans, and much omitted
which had become unintelligible or obsolete since
the Conquest ; while, of course, -the different
writers, varying in skill and knowledge, pro-
duced works of very various merit.

I come now to the contents of these curious
works. What they contain may conveniently
be classified under four headings :

Astrological and prophetic matters.

Ancient chronology and history.

Medical recipes and directions.

Later history and Christian teachings.

The last mentioned consist of translations of
"the "Doctrina," Bible stories, narratives of events
after the Conquest, etc., which I shall dismiss as
of least interest.

The astrology appears partly to be reminis-
cences of that of their ancient heathendom,
partly that borrowed from the European almanacs
of the century 1550-1650. These, as is well
known, were crammed with predictions and
divinations. A careful analysis, based on a com-
parison with the Spanish almanacs of that time
would d.bubtless reveal how much was taken
from them, and it would be fair to presume that
the remainder was a survival of ancient native
theories.

But there' are not wanting actual prophecies of
a much more striking character. These were
attributed to the ancient priests and to a date
long preceding ihe advent of Christianity.
Some of them have been printed in translations
in the "Historias" of Lizana and Cozolludo, and
some of the originals were published by the late
Abbe Crasseur de Bourbourg, in the second vol-
ume of the reports of the "Mission Scientifique
au Mexique et dans TAmerique Centrale." Their
authenticity has been met with considerable
skepticism' by Waitz and others, particularly as
they seem to predict the arrival of the Christians
from the East and the introduction of the worship
of the cross.

It appears to me that this incredulity is un-
called for. ......'

Another value they have in' common with all
the rest of the text of these books, and it is one
which will be properly appreciated bj- any stu-
dent of languages. They are, by common con-
sent of all competent authorities, the genuine
productions of native minds, cast in the idiomatic
forms of the native tongue by those born to its
use. No matter how fluent a foreigner becomes
in a language not his own, he can never vise it as
does one who has been familiar with it from
childhood. This general maxim is tenfold true
when we apply it to Europeans learning an Amer-
ican language. The flow of thought, as exhib-
ited in these two linguistic families, is in such
different directions that no amount of practice
can render one equally accurate in both. Hence
the importance of studying a tongue as it is em-
ployed by the natives, and hence the very high

estimate I place on these "Books of Chilan Ba-
1am" as linguistic material, an estimate much
increased by the great rarity of independent
composition in their own tongues by members of
the native races of this continent.

CHAPTER II.

THE AMERICAN INDIANS AND OHIO.

WHEN THIS CONTINENT WAS DISCOVERED THE

DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY BY THE NATIVES

THE FIVE NATIONS : HURONS, NEUTRAL NATION,

ERIES, AUDASTES, DELAWRES THE EARLIEST

APPROACH TO A MAP— THE CONFEDERATES :
FORMERLY FIVE, NOW SEVEN NATIONS — OHIO

COMPANY THE MUSKINGUM RIVER, CALLED

"ELK EYE creek" INDIAN TRAILS; FIVE

DIFFERENT ROUTES THROUGH THE OHIO WIL-
DERNESS ENGLISH NEGOTIATIONS THE LAN-
CASTER TREATY DISSATISFACTION OF THE

OHIO SAVAGES THE BOUNDARY LINE TO BE

DETERMINED GEORGE WASHINGTON PROMI-
NENT AMONG THE SPECULATORS ; HIS IMPRES-

SIOJ^JS OF THIS REGION CONFERENCE BETWEEN

THE OHIO TRIBES THE PEACEFUL DELA^^'ARES

THE MURDER OF LOGAN's FAMILY LEAGUED

THE MINGOES WITH THEIR NEIGHBORS ON

THE SCIOTO IN THE WORK OF VENGEANCE

DUNMORE's EXPEDITION^ " CJtESAP's WAR "

Logan's speech — eloquent defense of

cresap by luther martin the fall of

cornstalk fort henry- — heroic conduct

of miss jane mckee elliot and girty, the

despotic white savages the peace chief,

WHITE EYES BROADHEAd's EXPEDITION AND

CONFERENCE WITH THE • INDIANS ' ■ \\'AXT OF

VIRTUE IS INFINITELY MORE TO BE DREADED
THAN THE WHOLE FORCE OF GREAT BRITAIN "

ENORMOUS PRICES OF THE NECESSITIK8 OF

OF LIFE COLONEL JOHNSON : HIS POSITION

AND INFLUENCE PROCLAMATION BY THE KING

OF FRANCE REPLY OF THE KING OF GREAT

BRITAIN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE

COURTS OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND CONCERN-
ING AMERICA THE CLOSE OF THESE DII^FI-

CULTIES BY THE RESULT OF THE AMERICAN
RK\OLUTION.

When this continent first became known to the
European nations it was regarded as a solitary
and unbroken wilderness. No axe had telled a
tree nor plowshare broken its soil that they
knew of. Here and there, however, they found
a few wigwams of the red man, with patches
of maize, beans, and squashes, cultivated by
their squaws and children. The men, as now,
spent their time in hunting or war. The gen-
eral appearance of the country was that of a
vast uncultivated domain, promising great fertil-
ity and luxuriance.

The country from the Mississippi to the Atlan-
tic, from the Carolinas to Hudson's Baj-, was
divided between two great families of tribes, dis-
tinguished by a radical difference of language.
These were" called, respectively, Algonquins

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

(original people), and Aguanoschioni (united
people). The latter became known as the Iro-
quois, Mengwe, and Five Nations. At the
period when the whites first became acquainted
with this territory, the Iroquois proper extended
through central New York, from the Hudson
river to the Genesee, and comprised five dis-
tinct nations confederated together, which, be-
ginning on the east, were known as Mohawks,
Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas.
West of them were the Hurons, the Neutral Na-
tion, and the Fries ; on the south were the An-
dastes, on the Susquehanna, and the Delawares
on the river which bears their name ; on the east
the various Algonquin tribes.

In a letter written by Captain Joseph Brant,
the noted Indian warrior, to Colonel Timothy
Pickering, relating to the Iroquois claim to the
northern part of Pennsylvania, and dated at
Niagara, December 30, 1794, he says: "The
whole Five nations have an equal right, one with
another, the country having been obtained by
their joint exertions in war with a powerful na-
tion formerly living, southward of Buffalo Creek,
called Fries, and another nation, then living at
Tioga Point, so that by our success all the coun-
try between that and the Mississippi became the
joint property of the Five Nations. All other
nations inhabiting this great tract of country
were allowed to settle by the Five Nations."

The Indians who claimed the country ascrib-
ing boundaries, however well acquainted with
it as a haunt, have left us no map vvorthy of the
name, and yet they have indicated boundaries
with names of such significance as to settle the
belief that they were familliar with the country.

The earliest approach to maps of the middle
colonies came to Mrs. P. Mathiret, of Cleveland,
Ohio, from her grandfather, formerly of Phila-
delphia, subsequently of Nova Scotia ; it was
"published according to an Act of Parliament,
by Lewis Evans, June 23, 1755, and sold by R.
Dodsley, in Pall Mall, London." But we have
only a description of the map. The heading is
as follows :

"A general map of the Middle British Colo-
nies in America, viz : Virginia, Maryland, Del-
aware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York,
Conneticut and Rhode Island — of iVquanishuon-
ig}', the country of the confederate Indians, com-
prising Aquanishuongy proper, their place of resi-
dence ; Ohio Thuxsoxrentie. their deer hunting
country ; Couxsaxrage and Skaniadrade, their
beaver hunting country, of the lakes Erie, On-
tario, and Champlain, and a p;irt of New France,
wherein is also shown the ancient and present
seats of the Indian nations." The "deer hunt-
ing " country was in northern Ohio and Michi-
gan ; the "beaver hunting " country in Canada
and northern New York. " The Confederates,
July 19, 1 701, at Albany, surrendered their
beaver hunting country to the English, to be de-
fended for them by said Confederates, their heii's
and successors forever. And the same was con-
firmed September 14,' 1728, when the Senecas,
Cayugas and Onondagas surrendered their hab-

itations from Cuyahoga to Oswego, and sixty
miles inland to the same for the same use."

" The Confederates, formerly five, now seven
nations, called by the French Iroquois, consist
of, 1st, the Conungues or Mohawks: 2d, the
Onaguts ; 3d, the Onondagoes ; 4th, Cuyugaes ;
5th, Chemanoes, or Cenecas ; 6th, Tuscaroras ;
7th, Sississagoes." In a circular form around
the West end of Lake Erie the following words
are written : ' ' These posts were by the Confed-
erates allotted for the Wyandots when they were
lately admitted into their league."

Across the- head waters of the Wabash is the
following sentence: "The Western league or
Welinis, corruptly called Illinois bj^ the French,
consisting of Tawixtawix, Mineamis, Pian-
kashas, Wawiaxtas, Piquas and Kuskiekis were
seated till lately on the Illinois river and posts»
adjacent, but are all except, the last now moved
to the Ohio and its branches, by the express
leave of the confederates about 164 years ago."
The Miami river is called the Mineamic, Niagara
Falls the "Oxniagara," Wheeling creek -'Weel-
ing" creek, Scioto "Sioto," and the country
south of the Ohio river, as well as north, is called
Ohio.

From the foregoing narration it is manifest
that the aboriginal history pertaining to this
county necessarily embraces the history included
in the confederacy. The Iroquois and Delawares
each have a tradition of an early eastward emi-
gration from regions west of the Mississippi to
the places where they were found by the
Europeans. The period of our later Indian liis-
tory finds that wave returning towards the set-
ting sun. It is therefore a period of commotion
among tribes easily excited.

In 1748, Thomas Lee, with twelve other Vir-
ginians, among whom were Lawrence and
Augustine Washington, brothers of George
Washington, and also Mr. Hanburv, of London,
formed an association which was called the
"Ohio Company," and petitioned the King for a
grant of lands beyond the mountains. This pe-
tition was approved by the monarch, and the
government of Virginia was ordered to grant the
petitioners half a million of acres within the
bounds. of that colony, beyond the Alleghanies,
two thousand of which were to be located at
once. This portion was to be held ten j'ears free
of quit rent, provided the company would ptit
there one hundred families within seven years,
and build a fort sufficient to protect the settle-
ment, all of which the compan)' proposed, and
prepared to do so at once, and sent to London
for a cargo suited to the Indian trade, which was
to come out so as to arrive in November, 1749.
This grant was to be taken principally on the
south side of the Ohio river, between the Monon-
gahela and Kanawha rivers.

In the autumn of 1750, the agents of the Ohio
Company employed Christopher Gist, aland sur-
veyor and familiar with the woods, to e.vplore
their contemplated possessions. He kept a jour-
nal of his proceedings, from which we extract the
following: "A journal of Christopher Gist's

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

journey, began from Colonel Cresap's, at the old
town on the Potomac river, Maryland, October
31, 1750, continued down the Ohio within fifteen
miles of the falls thereof, and from thence to
Roanoke river in North Carolina, where he ar-
rived in May, 1751." Mr. Neville B. Craig, as
shown Jn "The Olden Time," thinks that Gist
ascended the Juniata after crossing the Potomac,
and descended the Kiskeminitas to the Alle-
ghany, which he crossed about four miles above
Pittsburgh and passed on to the Ohio. From
the mouth of Beaver creek he passed over to the
Tuscarawas or Muskingum river, called by him
and the Indians Elk Eye creek, striking it on the
5th of December, or thirty-five days after leav-
ing the Potomac, at a point about fifty miles
above the present town of Coshocton, probably
» within the county of Stark. On the 7th he
crossed over the Elk Eye to a small village of
Ottawas, who were in the interest of the Fi'ench.
On the 14th of December he reached an Indian
town a few miles above the mouth of White-
woman's creek, called Muskingum, inhabited by
Wyandots, who, he says, were half ot them at-
tached to the French and half to the English.
"When we came in sight of it we perceived
English colors hoisted on the King's house and
at George Croghan's. Upon inquiring the reason
I was informed that the French had lately taken
several English traders, and that Mr. Croghan
had ordered all the white men to come into town,
and had sent expresses to the traders of the lower
towns, and among the Piquatiners, and that the
Indians had sent to their people to come into
council about it."

From this passage it is evident that the Penn-
sylvania traders had traversed the Indian vil-
lages and had obtained the good will of their in-
habitants in a considerable degree. George
Croghan was apparently at the head of a trading
party, and he and Andrew Montour accompanied
Gist on his further exploration. The latter, who
acted as an interpreter and was influential among
the Delawares and Shawanese, was the son of
the famous Canadian half-breed, Catharine Mon-
tour, whose residence was at the head of Seneca
Lake, in New York.

Heckewelder, in his History of Indian Nations
(p. 77), says that the Cochnewago Indians were a
remnant of the Mohicans of New England, who
fled to the shores of the St. Lawrence, where
they incorporated with the Iroquois and became
a mixed race : a number of the Mohicans from
Connecticut emigrated to Ohio in 1762, and their
chief was "Mohican John."

Indian Trails. — An interesting appendix to
Hutchins' History of Bouquets' expedition gives
five diflferent routes from Fort Pitt through the
Ohio wilderness. The first route, which was
N. N.W., after striking the Big Beaver at a
place called Kuskeeskees Town, forty seven
miles from Fort Pitt, ascended the east' branch
fifteen miles to Shaningo, and twelve miles to
Pematuning, thence westward thirty-two miles
to Mahoning on the east branchof Beaver (prob-
ably Youngstown), thence ten miles up said

branch (Mahoning river) to Salt Lick (near the
junction of Meander and Mosquito creeks, in
Weathersfield township, Trumbull county) ;
thence thirty-two miles to the Cuyahoga river,
just south of Ravenna, and ten miles down the
Cuyahoga to Ottawa town (Cuyahoga Falls).
The distance from Fort Pitt by the above route
was one hundred and fifty-six miles.

The second route, W. N.W., was twenty-five
miles to the mouth of Big Beaver, ninety-one
miles to Tuscaroras (the junction of Sandy and
Tuscaroras creeks at the south line of Stark
county), fifty to Mohican John's, near Jerome-
ville, on the east line of Ashland county ; forty-
six to Junandot (Castalia, or the source of Cold
creek, in Erie county) ; four to Sandusky, at the
mouth of Cold creek, twenty-four to Jungqu-un-
duneh (Fremont, on the Sandusky river). The
distance from Sandusky to Fort Pitt was two
hundred and sixteen miles, from Fort Pitt to
Sandusky river two hundred and forty miles.

The third route, W. S.W., was one hundred
and twenty-eight miles to the forks of the Musk-
ingum (at Coshocton) ; six to Bullets Town (on
the Muskingum — Virginia township) ; ten to
Waukatamike (near Dresden, Muskingum
county) ; twenty-seven to King Beaver's Town
(near the sources of the Hockhocking) ; forty to
the lower Shawanese Town (on the Scioto river) ;
twenty to Salt Town (near the source of the
Scioto ; thence one hundred and ninety miles
northeast to Fort Miamis (now Fort Wayne, In-
diana, on the Maumee river). The distance
from Fort Pitt to Miamis being 426 miles.

The fourth route, down the Ohio, was twenty-
seven miles to the mouth of Big Beaver, twelve
to Little Beaver, ten to Yellow Creek, eighteen
to Two Creeks (just below Wellsburg, on the
Virginia side), six to Wheeling, twelve to Pipe
Hill (near to Pipe Creek), thirty to Long Reach
(where the Ohio River is withoufabend for a
considerable distance), eighteen to the foot of
Reach (near Newport), thirty to the mouth of
the Muskingum, twelve to Little Kanawha
River, thirteen to the mouth of Hocking River,
forty to the mouth of Letarts Creek (opposite
Letart township, Meigs county), thirty-three to
Kiskemenetas (an Indian village otherwise called
"Old Town,'" Gallatin county), eight to the
mouth of Big Kanawha (or New River), forty to
Big Sandy, forty to Scioto River, thirty to Big
Salt Lick River (Brush Creek, Adams county),
twenty to an island opposite Manchester (Adams
county), fiftj'-five to Little Miami, thirty to Big
Miami (or Rocky River), twenty to Big Bones
(so called from the bones of an elephant found
there), fifty-five to Kentucky River, fifty to the
falls of the Ohio River, one hundred and thirty-
one to the Wabash River, sixty to Cherokee
(Tennessee) River), and forty to Mississippi.
Total from Fort Pitt, 840 miles.

ENGLISH NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE WESTERN
TRIBES.

The Virginians were very sensible that some
form of assent by the Ohio Indians to their settle-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ment in the territory was indispensable. Great
efforts were, therefore, made to procure it, and at
length representatives of the Western tribes were
assembled at Logstown, seventeen miles below
Pittsburgh, on the 9th of June, 1752. This was
a favorable moment for the designs of the Eng-
lish colonists, since the savages, even. to the,
remote Twight-wees, were then inimical to the
French, and favorably disposed towards the Eng-
lish ; but the Virginia Commissioners — Messrs.
Fry, Lomax, and Patton — had no easy task.
They produced the Lancaster treaty, and insisted
on the right of the Crown, under its grant, to sell
the Western lands ; but " No," the chiefs said,
' ' they had not heard of an.y sale west of the
' Warriors' road,' which ran at the foot of the
Alleghany ridge." The Commissioners then
offered goods for a ratification of the Lancaster
treaty ; spoke of the proposed settlement by the
Ohio Company, and used their persuasions to
secure the land wanted. Upon the nth of June
the Indians' replied. They recognized the treaty
■of Lancaster, and the authority of the Six Na-
tions to make'it, but denied that they had any
knowledge of the Western lands being conveyed
to the English by said deed ; and declined, upon
the whole, having anything to do with the treaty
-of 1744. They were willing to give special per-
mission to erect a fort at the fork of the Ohio,
' ' as the French have already struck the Twight-
wees," but the Virginians wanted much more ;
and, finally, by the influence of Montour, the in-
terpreter, who was probably bribed, the Indians
united, on the 13th of June, in signing a deed
confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent,
and consenting to a settlement southeast of the
Ohio.

The dissatisfaction of the Ohio savages with
the proceedings at Logstown is very apparent
from the fact that in September, 1753, WiUiam
Fairfax met their deputies at Winchester,
Virginia, where he concluded a treaty, with the
particulars of which we are unacquainted, but on
which, it is stated was an indorsement that " he
had not dared to mention to them either the Lan-
caster or Logstown treaty ; a sad commentary
upon the modes taken to obtain the grants."

All attempts to secure any practical results
from those treaties were postponed by the out-
break and continuance-of hostilities, and it was
not until after the pacification of 1765 that the
occupation of the lands west of the Alleghanies,
otherwise than by the Indians, was agitated in
any considerable degree.

The Royal proclamation of October 7, 1763,
forbade all private settlement or purchase of
lands west of the Alleghanies ; but as soon as
peace was restored by ' the treaty of German
Flats, settlers crossed the mountains, and took
possession of lands in Western Virginia, and
along the Monongahela. The Indians remon-
strated ; the authorities issued proclamations
warning off intruders ; orders were forwarded by
General Gage to the gan-ison of Fort Pitt to dis-
lodge the settlers at Red Stone, but all was inef-
fectual. The adventurous spirits of the frontier

were not alone in their designs upon the wilder-
ness. The old Ohio Company sought a perfec-
tion of their grant ; the Virginia volunteers of
1754, who had enlisted under a proclamation
offering liberal bounties of lands, were also clam-
orous ; individual grants were urged. Sir Wil-
liam Johnson was ambitious of being the Gov-
ernor of an armed colony south of the Ohio,
upon the model proposed by Franklin in 1754,
and the plan of another company, led by Thomas
Walpole, a London banker of eminence, was
submitted to the English Ministry.

Notwithstanding such a fevqj of land specu-
lation, it was still felt that a better muniment of
title was requisite than the obsolete pretensions
of Lancaster and Logstown ; and General Gage,
having represented very emphatically the grow-
ing irritation of the Indians, Sir William John-
son was instructed to negotiate another treaty.
Notice was given the ■\7arious colonial govern-
ments, to the Six Nations, the Delawares and
the Shawanesei and a Congress was appointed to
meet at Fort Stanwix (now Rome, New York).
It assembled on the 24th of October, 1768, and
was attended by representatives from New Jer-
sey, Virginia, and Pennsylvania ; by Sir William
and his deputies ; by the agents ol those traders
who had suffered in the war of 1763, and by-
deputies from all the Six Nations, the Delawares
and the Shawanese. The first point to be set-
tled was the boundary line, which was to deter-
mine the Indian lands of the west from that time
forward ; and this line the Indians, upon the ist
of November, stated should begin on the Ohio,
at the mouth of the Cherokee (or Tennessee)
River ; thence up the Ohio and Allegheny to
Kittaning ; thence across to the Susquehanna,
etc., whereby the whole country south of the
Ohio and Allegheny, to -which the Six Nations
had any claitn, was transfeiTed to the British.
One deed for a part of this land was made on the
3d of November to William Trent, attorney for
twenty-two traders, whose goods had been de-
stroyed by the Indians in 1763. The tract con-
veyed by this was between the Kenawha and
Monongahela, and was by the traders named
Indiana. Two days afterwards a deed for the
remaining Western lands was made to the King,
and the price agreed on paid down. There were
also given two deeds in Pennsylvania — one to
Croghan, and the other to the proprietaries of
that Colony. These deeds were made upon the
express agreement that no claim should ever be
based upon previous treaties — those of Lancaster,
Logstown, etc — and they ■Cvere signed by the
Chiefs of the Six Nations, for themselves, their
allies and defendants, the Shawanese, Delawares,
Mingoes of Ohio, and others ; but the Shawanese
and Delaware deputies present did not sign
them.

The fact that such an extent of country was
ceded voluntarily — ^not after a war, not by hard
persuasion, but at once, and willingly, satisfies
us that the whole aftair had been previously set-
tled with the New York savages, and that the
Ohio Indians had no voice in the matter. The

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

efforts to organize an immense land company,
which shoujd include the old Ohio Company,
and the more I'ecent Walpole scheme, besides
recognizing the bounties of the Virginia volun-
teers, were apparently successful by the royal
sanction of August 14, 1774, but previously there
were immense private appropriations of the i-e-
gion south of the Ohio. Prominent among those
interested in such speculations was George Wash-
ington. He had patents for 32,373 acres — 9,157
on the Ohio, between the Kanawhas, with a river
front of thirteen and a half miles ; 23,216 acres
on the great Ke»awha, with a river front of forty
miles. Besides these lands, he owned fitteen
miles below Wheeling (587 acres), with
a front of two and a half miles. He considered
the land worth $3.33 per acre. [Sparks' Wash-
ington, XII, 264-317.]

General Washington, after reciting his im-
pressions in favor this fegion, says: "The In-
dians who reside upon the Ohio — the upper parts
of it at least — are composed of Shawanese, Del-
awares, and some of the Mingoes, who, getting
but little part of the consideration that was given
for the lands eastward of the Ohio, view the set-
tlements of the people upon this river with an
uneasy and jealous eye, and do not scruple to
say that they must be compensated for their right,
if the people settle thereon, notwithstanding the
cession ot the Six Nations. On the other hand,
the people of Virginia and elsewhere are explor-
ing and marking all the lands that are valuable,
not only on the Red Stone and other waters on
the Monongahela, but along the Ohio as low as
the Little Kanawha, and by the next summer I sup-
pose they will get to the Great Kanawha at least."

At a conference with the Ohio tribes, held by
George Croghan, at Pittsburgh, in May, 1768,
Nimwha, one of the Shawanese chiefs, who sub-
mitted so reluctantly to the army of Boquet, thus
expressed himself:

"We desired you not to go down this river in
the way of the warriors belonging to the foolish
nations to the westward ; and told you that the
waters of this river, a great way below this place,
were colored with blood ; you did not pay any
regard to this, but asked us to accompany you in
going down, which we did, but felt the smart of
our rashness, and with difficulty returned to our
friends (alluding adroitly to Croghan's unluck)'
capture at the mouth of the Wabash in 1765).
We see you now about making batteaus, and we
make no doubt you intend to go down the river
again, which we now tell you is disagreeable to
all nations of Indiahs, and now again desire you
to sit still at this place.

"They are also uneasy to see you think your-
selves masters of this country, because you have
taken it from the French, who, you know, had
no right to it, as it is the property of the Indians.
We often hear that you intend to fight with the
French again ; if you do, we desire you will re-
move your quarrel out of the country, and carry
it over the great waters, where you used to fight,
and where we shall neither see or know anvthinof
of it." ^ ^

The peaceful Delawares met the encroaching
upon their hunting grounds by slowly retiring
before the advancing column of emigration, con-
centrating their villages more and more within
their wilderness home, north of the Ohio, until
in 1774 the smothered flame of hostility, which
had been long kindled among the Shawanese,
burst forth.

The wanton murder of Logan's family imme-
diately leagued the bands of Mingoes, or Senecas,
with their neighbors on the Scioto in the work of
vengeance. The result of this uprising, and
account of Dunmore's expedition in a general
way, are recited in several histories of the United
States with minuteness ; but as this outbreak, and
the ensuing bloody struggle, hinged on the re-
venge for Logan's loss, and yet was in reality the
slogan that called the red man to the defense of
his home and all that was dear to him, the
reader will pardon a recital here of that which
may be familiar :•

"As Dunmore approached the Scioto, the In-
dians besought him to send an interpreter. John
Gibson was sent by Lord Dunmore. He has
stated, in an affidavit annexed to "Jefferson's
Notes," that on his arrival at the towns, Logan,
the Indian, came to where the deponent
was sitting with the Cornstalk and the other
chiefs of the Shawanese, and asked him to walk
out with him. They went out into a copse of
wood, where they sat down, when Logan, after
shedding abundance of tears, delivered to him
the speech related by Mr. Jefferson in his "notes
on the State of Virginia ;" that he, the deponent,
told him that it was not Colonel Cresap who had
murdered his relations, and although his son,
Captain Michael Cresap, was with the party that
killed a Shawanese chief and other Indians, yet
he was not present when his relations were
killed at Baker's, near the mouth of Yellow
Creek, on the Ohio : that this deponent, on his
return to camp, delivered the speech to Lord
Dunmore, and that the murders perpetrated as
above were considered as ultimately the cause of
the war of 1774, commonly called "Cresap's
war."

Of this speech, or message, there are besides
that of Jefferson, two versions, at least: one con-
tained in a letter from Williamsburgh, Virginia,
dated Februarj^ 4, I775.' and preserved in the
American Archives; volume i, p. 1020, and an-
other, which was published in New York, on the
1 6th of February (same year), as an extract
from Virginia. Jefferson adopted the latter.
Probably Gibson noted down the expressions of
Logan, as vittered by him in his simple English,
and on his return to Lord Dunmore's camp, the
officers, in taking copies, may have modified an
occasional expression. The different versions
are presnted for comparison :

Logan's speech.

WiLLiAMSBUiiGH, February 4, 1775.
"I appeal to any white man to say that he ever
entered Logan's cabin but I gave him meat ; that
he ever came naked but I clothed him.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

"In the course of the last war, Logan remained
in his cabin an advocate for peace. I had such
an affection for the white people that I was
pointed at by the rest of my nation. I should
have ever lived with them, had it not been for
Colonel Cresap, who, last year, cutoff in cold
blood all the relations of Logan, not sparmg wo-
men and children. There runs not a drop of my
blood in the veins of any human creature. This
called on me for revenge. I have sought it, I
have killed many, and fully glutted my revenge.
I am glad that there is no prospect of peace on
account of the nation ; but I beg you will not
entertain a thought that anything I have said
proceeds from fear ; Logan disdains the thought.
He will not turn on his heel to save his life.
Who is thei^e to mourn for Logan? No one."

That dated New York, February 16, 1775, is
so very similar that it is omitted ; another, credited
to Jefferson, in 1781-2, is given:

" I appeal to any white man to say if he ever
entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave
him not meat ; if he ever came cold and naked,
and he clothed him not. During the course of
the last long and bloody war Logan remained
in his cabin an advocate for peace. Such was
my love for the whites that my countrymen
pointed as they passed and said, ' Logan is the
friend of the white men.' I had even thought
to have lived with you, but for the injuries of
one man. Colonel Cresap, the last spring, in
cold blood and unprovoked, murdered all the re-
lations of Logan, not even sparing my women
and children. There runs not a drop of Tny
blood in the veins of any living creature. This
called on me for revenge. I have sought it. I
have killed many. I have fully glutted my
vengeance. For my country I rejoice at the
beams of peace, but do not harbor a thought
that mine is the joy of fear. He will not turn
on his. heel to save his life. Logan never felt
fear. Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not
one." Of this production Mr. Jefferson says :

" I may challenge the whole orations of De-
mosthenes and Cicero, and of any more emi-
nent orator, if Europe has produced any more
eminent, to produce a single passage superior to
the speech of Logan, a Mingo chief, to Lord
Dunmore, when Governor of Virginia." Else-
where he styles it " a morsel of eloquence."
Logan knew no more what pleasure was. It is
said that he was sitting with his blanket over
his head before a camp fire, when an Indian who
had taken some offense stole behind him and
buried his tomahawk in his brains. Many
years elapsed, the speech became more and
more widely circulated, it was extensively read
and admired, and became the theme of recita-
tion in public exhibitions along with the most
eloquent passages of ancient and modern poets
and orators. At length, in 1797, Luther Mar-
tin, a very able lawyer, son-in-law of Michael
Cresap, in obedience to the injunction of a re-
lative, as he alleged, and perhaps in some meas-
ure under the influence of political feelings, ad-
dressed the following letter to Mr. Fennel, a

public declaimer, through the Philadelphia Ga-
zette, edited by William Cobbet :

''■'■Mr. Fennel: — By the late Philadelphia pa-
pers I observe, sir, that in your 'readings and
recitations, moral, critical and entertaining,'
among your other selections you have introduced
the story of Logan, the Mingo Chief. In doing
this I am satisfied you are not actuated by a de-
sire to wound the feelings of a respectable fam-
ily in the United States, or by a wish to give a
greater publicity to a groundless calumny. You
found that story and speech in Jefferson's Notes
on Virginia ; you found it related with such an
air of authenticity that it cannot be surprising
that you should not suspect it to be a fiction.
But, sir, philosophers are pretty much the same,
from old Shandy, who in support of a system,
sacrificed his aunt Dinah, to DeWarville and
Condorcet, who for the same purpose would
have sacrificed a woi^ld.

" Mr. Jefferson is a philosopher ; he, too, had his
hypothesis to establish, or, what is much the
same thing, he had the hypothesis of Buffon to
ovei-throw. When we see him employed in
weighing the rats and mice of the two worlds, to
prove that those of the New were not exceeded
by those of the Old world, then to establish that
the body of the American savage is not inferior
in form or in vigor to the body of an European,
we find him examining minutely everj^ part of
their frame, and hear him declare that, though
the wrist and the head of the former are smaller
than those parts of the latter, yet, hs organes
de la generation nc sont -plus foibles on -plus
■petils, and that he hath not only as many hairs
on his body, but that the same parts which are
productive of hair in one, if left to themselves,
are equally productive of hair in the other ;
when we see him so zealous to establish an equal-
ity in such trifles, and to prove the body of the
savage to be formed on the same modula with
the Homo sapiens Eurofous how much more
solicitous maj' we suppose him to have been to
prove that the mind of this savage was also
formed on the same modula.

"Than the man whom he has calumniated, he
could scarcely have selected a finer example to
establish the position that the human race in the
Western world are not belittled in body or
mind, but that unfortunately the man was not
born in America.

"For the want of better materials he was obliged
to make use of such as came to his hands, and
we may reasonably conclude, whatever story or
speech he could pick up, calculated to destroy
the hypothesis of Buffon, or establish his own,
especially in so important a point, instead of be-
ing scrutinized minutely, would be welcomed
with avidity. And great and respectable as the
authority of Mr. Jefferson may be thought, or
may be in reality, I have no hesitation to declare
that from an examination of the subject, I am
convinced the charge exhibited by him against
Colonel Cresap is not founded in truth ; and, also,
that no such specimen of Indian orator}^ was
ever exhibited.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

" That some of Logan's family were killed by
the Americans I do not doubt ; whether they fell
the victims of justice, of mistake, or of cruelty,
rests with those by whom they fell. But in their
death. Colonel Cresap, or any of his family, had
no share, and in support of this assertion I am
ready to enter the lists with the author of Notes
on Virginia.

" No man who really knew the late Colonel
Cresap, could have believed the tale. He was
too brave to be perfidious or cruel. He was a
man of undaunted resolution ; a man of whom
it might be said, with as much propriety as I be-
lieve was ever said of man, ' That he knew not
fear.'

"It was to savages, employed bj' the French
Nation (before it became our very good friend
and ally) to ravage the frontiers and butcher the
peaceful inhabitants, that he and his family were
terrible.

"But, perhaps, it was from this fact, that Mr.
Jeflerson considered himself authorized to say
' Colonel Cresap was infamous for the many
murders he had committed on the much injured
Indians.' And lest some future philosopher, in
some future notes on Virginia, might be tempted
to call him also 'infamous for his many murders
of the much injured' Britains, may, perhaps,
have been his motive for flying with such precip-
itation from the seat of his government, not many
years since, when the British invaded the State.

"As to Logan, lightly would I tread over the
grave even of the untutoi-ed savage, but justice
obliges me to say, I am well assured that the
Logan of the wilderaess — the real Logan of na-
ture— had but little, if any, more likeness to the
fictitious Logan of Jefferson's Notes than the
brutified Caftre of Africa to the enhghtened phil-
osopher of Monticello.

"In what wilderness Mr. Jeff'erson culled this
fair flower of aboriginal eloquence, whether he
has preserved it in the same state in which he
found it, or, by transplanting it into a more genial
soil, and exposing it to a kinder sun, he has given
it the embellishments of cultivation, I know not.

"There are many philosophers so very fond of
representing savage nature in the most amiable
and most exalted point of view, that we feel our-
selves less surprised when we see them become
savages themselves. To some one of this class
of philosophers, I doubt not, it owes its existence.
Yet, but for Mr. Jefferson, 'it would have breathed
its poisons in the desert air.' Whatever was the
soil in which it first sprung up, it soon would
have withered and died unnoticed or forgotten,
had not he preserved it in his collection. From
thence the authors of the Annual Register have
given their readers a drawing as large as nature.
The Rev. Mr. Morse, in his geography, and Mr.
Lendrum, in his History of the American Revo-
lution, have followed their example, and you,
sir, are now increasing its celebrity by exhibit-
ing it to thronging spectators, with all its color-
ing, retouched and heightened by the glowing
pencil of a master.

"Do you ask me how I am interested in this

subject? I answer, the daughter of Michael
Cresap.was the mother of my children. I am
influenced by another motive not less powerful.
My lamented and worthy relation, who died on
the expedition against the western insurgents,
bequeathed to me as a sacred trust, what, had he
Hved, he intended to have performed himself, to
rescue his family from unmerited opprobrium.

"Do you ask me why I have so long neglected
this duty ? I answer, because for a long time
past every feeling of my mind has been too much
engrossed by the solicitude, though an unavail-
ing solicitude, of preserving the valuable life of
one of that family, to attend to any objects which
could bear postponement. The shock is now
past. I begin to recall my scattered thoughts to
other subjects, and finding the story of Logan in
the catalogue of your readings, it instantly
brought me to the recollection of a duty, which I
have hastened thus far to fulfill.

"And now, sir, to conclude, I arrogate to my-
self no authority of prohibiting the story and
speech of Logan from being continued in your
readings and recitations : this I submit to your
sentiments of propriety and justice ; but from
these sentiments I certainly have a right to ex-
pect that, on its conclusion, you will inform your
readers it is at best but the ingenious fiction of
some philosophic brain, and when hereafter you
oblige your audience with that story and speech,
that with the poison you will dispense the anti-
dote, by reading them this letter, also oblige
yoyr humble servant,

Luther Martin.

March 29, 1797.

[From Olden Time, vol. 2, No. 1847.]

The reader cannot fail to notice that the his-
torian of these pages reproduces the evidence on
both sides of this "vexed question," submitted
by Mr. Martin, adding the speech of Logan by
William Robinson, whom Logan saved from be-
ing burned alive. He stated that abovit three
daj^s after this Logan brought him a piece of
paper and told him he must write a letter for
him, which he meant to carry and leave in some
house where he should kill somebody ; that he
made ink with gunpowder and then proceeded
to write bj- his direction, addressing Captain
Michael Cresap in it, and that the purport of it
was "wh}' had he killed my people?" etc. The
following is his letter :

Captain Cresap :

"What did you kill my people on Yellow
Creek for?' The white people killed my kin at
Conestoga, a great while ago, and I thought
nothing of that, but you killed my kin again on
Yellow Creek, and took my cousin prisoner.
Then I thought I must kill too, and I have been
three times to war since ; but the Indians are not
angry, only myself. Capt. John Logan.

July 2ist, 1774."

The conflict in opinion brought to view in the
narration of the matter represented, is more in

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HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

rhetoric than fact. The delicacy of the task un-
dertaken by Mr. Luther Martin doubtless had
something to do with his delaj'^ in regard to it,
but in candor we feel constrained to allude to the
inconsistency in his charging Mr. Jefferson with
any degree of negligence in scrutinizing min-
utely not only the letter, but the attending cir-
cumstances, for, according to Mr. Martin, Mr.
Jefferson was a philosopher, and so given to in-
vestigation, even to minutae, that "we see him
employed in weighing the rats and mice of the
two worlds to prove that those of the new were
not exceeded by those of the old world," and
while the effort of Mr. Martin is in many re-
spects commendable, it is remarkable that the
officers who heard the speech read to Lord Dun-
more should be so harmonious in reproducing it
in letters to their friends, and that Logan's grief
should be avenged by so many noted chiefs in
the Indian war that ensued, if Logan was such
an unimportant person. The Confederacy, as
we shall see further on, did not so regard him.

The revolutionary annals of Ohio have many
dark stains. The massacre of the heroic Corn-
stalk, like that of Logan's family, became the
frviitful slogan for revenge with the red man.
Cornstalk, after the treaty of 1774 with Dunmore,
had been the steadfast friend of neutrality among
the beligerent whites. Accompanied by Red
Hawk, the Shawnee orator, at the council held
by Colonel Boquet (on a friendly visit to the fort
at Point Pleasant, in 1764), he communicated
the hostile disposition among the Ohio tribes,
and expressed his sorrow that the Shawnee na-
tion, except himself and his tribe, were de-
termined to espouse the British side, and his ap-
prehension that he and his people would be
compelled to go with the stream unless the Long
Knives could protect him.

Upon receiving this information, the com-
mander of the garrison. Captain Arbuckle, seized
upon Cornstalk and his companions as hostages
for the peaceful conduct of his nation, and set
about availing himself of his suggestions. Dur-
ing his captivity Cornstalk held frequent con-
versations with the officers, and took pleasure in
describing to them the geography of the West,
then little known. One afternoon, while engaged
in drawing on the floor a map. of Missouri, he
heard a voice from the forest, which he I'ecog-
nized as that of his son Ellenipsico, a young
warrior whose courage and address were almost
as celebrated as his father. Ellenipsico entered
the fort and embraced his father most affection-
ately, having been uneasy at his absence and
come hither in search of him. The day after
his arrival two men, Hamilton and Gilmore,
belonging to the fort, crossed the Kanawha, in-
tending to hunt in the woods. On their return
from hunting, some Indians, who had come to
view the position of the Point, concealed them-
selves near the mouth of the river, and while
the men were passing killed Gilmore. Colonel
Stewart was standing on the opposite bank of
the river at the time, and expressed his surprise
that a gun had been fired so near the fort in

violation of orders. Hamilton ran down the
bank, crying out that Gilmore was killed. Cap-
tain Hall commanded Gilmore's Company. His
men leaped into a canoe and hastened to the
relief of Hamilton. They brought the body of
Gilmore, weltering in blood (his head scalped),
across the river. The canoe had scarcely reached
the shore when the cry was raised, " Kill the red
dogs in the fort !" Captain Hall placed himself
in front of his soldiers as they ascended the
river bank, pale with rage, carrying their loaded
fire-locks in their hands. Colonel Stewart and
Captain Arbuckle exerted themselves in vain to
dissuade the men, exasperated to madness by
the spectacle of Gilmore's corpse, from the cruel
deed which they contemplated. They cocked
their guns, threatening those gentlemen with
instant death if they did not desist, and rushed
into the fort.

The intoKpreter's wife, who had been a captive
among the Indians and felt an affection for them,
ran to their cabin and informed them that Hall's
soldiers were advancing with the intention of
taking their lives, because they believed that
the Indians who had killed Gilmore had come
with Cornstalk's son the preceding day. This
the young man solemnly denied, declaring that
he had come alone, with the sole object of seek-
ing his father. When the soldiers came within
hearing the young warrior appeared agitated.
Cornstalk encouraged him to meet his fate com-
posedly, and said to him, "My sqn, the Great
Spirit has sent you here that we may die to-
gether." He turned to meet his murderers the
next instant, and receiving seven bullets in his
body he expired without a groan.

When Cornstalk had fallen, Ellenipsico con-
tinued to sit still and passive. He met death
with the utmost calmness. The Red Hawk
made an attempt to climb the chimney, but fell
by the fire of some of Hall's men. His atrocious
murder was dearly expiated. The Shawnees
were thenceforth the foremost in excursions upon
the frontier. At the close of 1777 only three
settlements existed in the interior of Kentucky —
Harrodsburg, Bonnesborough, and Logan's. It
was a year of siege, struggle, and suffering.
The narrative of these times teems with horrors,
in which the strife for supremacy was shared
about equally between the white and red man,
and was noted for deeds of daring unsurpassed
in the annals of warfare. An instance of fem-
inine heroism is worthy of being reproduced as we
find it in the "American Pioneer," vol. 2, p. 309 :

" Fort Henry stood upon the bank of the Ohio,
about a quarter of a mile above the mouth of
Wheeling creek. Between it and the steep river
hill, on the east, were thirty log huts, which the
Indians occupied and challenged the garrison to
surrender. Colonel Shepherd refused and the
attack commenced. From sunrise until noon
the fire on both sides was constant, when that, of
the assailants slackened. Within the fort the
only alarm was want of powder, and then it was
remembered that a keg was concealed in the
house of Ebenezer Zane, some sixty yards dis-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

tant. It was determined to make an effort to ob-
tain it, and the question 'Who will go?' was
proposed. At this crisis a young woman, sister
of Ebenezer and Silas Zane, came forward and
desired to be premitted to go. This proposition
seemed so extravagant that it was refused, but
she renewed it with earnestness, replying that
the danger was the identical reason that induced
her to offer, for the garrison was very weak and
no soldier's life should be placed in jeopardy,
and if she were to fall her loss would not be felt.
Her petition was finally granted and the gate
opened for her to pass out. This attracted the
attention of several Indians who were straggling
through the village. Their eyes were upon her
as she crossed the open space to reach her
brother's house ; but whether they were siezed
with a feeling of clemency, or believing that a
woman's life was not worth a load of gunpowder,
cannot be explained ; suffice it, they* permitted
her to pass without molestation. 'When she re-
appeared, however, with the powder in her
arms,, suspecting the character of the burden,
they fired at her as she swiftly glided toward the
gate, but their balls few wide of their mark, and
the brave Elizabeth Zane reached the foi-t in
safety with her prize, and won a glorious name
in history.

"The assault was resumed with fierceness and
continued until evening. Soon after nightfall a
party of Indians advanced toward the gate of
the fort, within sixty yards, with an improvised
canon, made of a hollow maple log, bound round
with chains obtained from a blacksmith shop, and
supposing it sufficiently strpng, heavily charged
it with powder, and then filled it to the muzzle
with pieces of stone and slugs of iron. When
the match was applied it burst into many pieces,
and although it had no effect upon the fort, killed
and wounded a number of Indians. A loud yell
went up at this disastrous failure, and they dis-
persed. The fort was soon after reinforced, and
the Indians abandoned the siege. The tribes
represented were principally Wyandots, Mingoes
and Shawnese. Their loss was near one hun-
dred; that of the Americans, twenty-six killed
and four wounded."

During the winter of 1777-8, Alexander Mc-
Kee, Matthew Elliott and Simon Girty, desperate
white savages, active partisans of Great Britain
up to the close of that century, made their ap-
pearance in the Muskingum towns and repre-
sented that the English were completely victori-
ous ; the American armies cut to pieces ; General
Washington killed ; there was no more Congress ;
the English had hung some of them, and taken
the rest to England to hang them ; that there
were a few thousands of Americans who had
escaped, and were embodying themselves on
this side of the mountains for the purpose of
killing all the Indians in this country, even wo-
-men and children ; and much more of the same
sort.

The peace chief. White Eyes, saw with much
concern that the majority of his nation seemed
to believe this report, and that they, with Captain

Pipe (who always lent a willing ear to the Brit-
ish, and was manifestly not the friend of White
Eyes, being his rival), the latter called a general
council of the nation, in which, when assembled,
he proposed to delay hostilities against the
Americans ten days, in order to be satisfied of
the truth of the report. Whereupon Captain
Pipe declared "every man an enemy to the
nation who would throw an obstacle in the way
that might prevent taking up arms against the
American people." White Eyes once more as-
sembled the men, and told them "that if they
meant in earnest to go out, as some were pre-
paring to do, they should not go without him.
He had taken peace measures in order to save
the nation from utter destruction ; but if they
believed he was wrong, and gave more credit to
vagabond fugitives, whom he knew to be such,
than himself, who was best acquainted with the
real state of things ; if they had determined to
follow their advice and go out against the Amer-
icans, he would go out with them ; but not like
the hunter, who sets the dogs on the animal to
be beaten with his paws while he keeps at a safe
distance. No ! he would himself lead them on,
place himself in the front, and be the first who
should fall. They only had to determine what
they meant to do, for his own mind was fully
made up not to survive the nation ; and he would
not spend the remainder of a miserable life be-
wailing the total destruction of a brave people
who deserved a better fate." The ten days'
delay asked for by White Eyes were granted,
and as the time had nearly expired without re-
ceiving any other intelligence, some had already
shaved their heads preparatory to putting on the
war paint, when Heckewelder. the Moravian
Missionary, made his appearance among them
and gave them the intelligence of the surren-
der of Burgoyne and the discomfiture of the
British, which led to the recognition of Ameri-
can independence b}- France, and impressed
England with the fact that they had lost their
colonies. Whereupon Captain White Eyes, in
a long address, took particular notice of the
good disposition of the American people towards
the Indians, observing that they had never yet
called on them to light the English, knowing
that wars were destructive to nations : and that
the Americans had from the beginning of the
war to the present advised the Indians to remain
quiet and not take vip the hatchet against either
side. A newspaper containing an account of
the capitulation of General Burgoyne's army be-
ing handed to him by Heckewelder, White Eyes
held the paper unfolded in both hands, so that
all could have a view of it, and said : " See, mv
friends and relatives, this document contains
great events ; not the song of a bird, but truth."
Then stepping up to Heckewelder he gave him
his hand, saying: "You are welcome to us,
brother ! " and every one present immediately
followed his example. And it is fair to conclude
that had it not been for the persistent friendship
of White Eyes and the timely arrival of Hecke-
welder with the glad tidings, the spring of 1778

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

would have inevitably found the Indian allies of
Great Britain with the Delawares and other
Indians of the Ohio.

The Indians were the occupants of the terri-
tory on either side of the Ohio and Alleghanj"-
when the Europeans first visited those regions.
Their history and institutions have a weird yet
fascinating interest, and in the language of
Washington's early friend Tanacharison, or
Guyasutha, and the venerable Cornplanter, we
will trace the genius of the government of the
people now fast disappearing, once the powerful
occupants of the country we now occupy.

COLONEL BRODHEAD'S EXPEDITION.

This expedition was designed at first to co-
operate with General Sullivan in his well-known
and successful march into the territory of the
Six Nations by way of the Susquehanna river,
but for the reasons assigned in the annexed let-
ter from General Washington, the plan of co-
operation was abandoned.

The campaign of Sullivan was well conducted
and highly successful in the destruction of Indian
towns, fields of corn, and other means of sub-
sistence, and thus contributed to embarrass all
the future operations of Butler and Brandt, and
other English tories, with their Indian allies,
against our more eastern and northern frontier.
It commenced in August, 1779, and terminated
in October, and of course was almost simultane-
ous with Broadhed's expedition up the Alle-
ghany :

' ' Headquarters ,

"Middle Brook, 21st April, 1779.
"Dear Sir: — Since my last letter, and upon
further consideration of the subject, I have relin-
quished the idea of attempting a co-operation
between the troops at Fort Pirt, and the bodies
moving from other quarters, against the Six Na-
tions. The difficulty of providing supplies in
time, a want of satisfactory information of the
route and nature of the country up the Allegha-
ny, and between that and the Indian settlements,
and consequently the uncertainty of being able
to co-operate to advantage, and the hazard which
the smaller party might run for want of co-oper-
ation, are principal motives for declining. The
danger to which the frontier would be exposed
by drawing ofC troops from their present position,
from the incursions of the more western tribes,
is an additional though a less powerful reason.
The post at Tuscarawas is, therefore, to be pre-
served, if, under full consideration of circum-
stances, it is adjudged a post of importance, and
can be maintained without running too great a
risk — and the troops in general under your com-
mand disposed in the manner best calculated to
cover and protect the country on a defensive plan.
"As it is my wish, however, as soon as it may
be in our power, to chastise the Western savages
by an expedition into their country, you will em-
ploy yourself in the meantime in making prepar-
ations, and forming magazines of provisions for

the purpose. If the expedition against the Six
Nations is successfully ended, a part of the
troops employed in this will probably be sent, in
conjunction with those under you, to carry on
another that way. You will endeavor to obtain
in the meantime and transmit me, every kind of
intelligence, which will be necessary to direct
our operations, as precise, full and authentic as
possible. Among other points you will try to
ascertain the most favorable season for an enter-
prise against Detroit. The frozen season, in the
opinion of most, is the only one in which any
capital stroke can be given, as the enemy can
derive no benefit from their shipping, which
must either be destroyed or fall into our hands.
I am, &c., George Washington.

"Col. Brodhead."

COLONEL BRODHEAD's CONFERENCE WITH THE
INDIANS.

The speech of Doonyontat, the Wyandot Chief,
to Maghingive Keesuch (the Indian name for
Colonel Brodhead) :

"Brother — Listen to me. Brother, it pains
me to see you with tears in your eyes. I know it is
the fault of the English. Brother, I wipe away all
those tears, and smooth down your hair, which
the English and the folly of my young men has
ruffled. Now, my brother, I have wiped away
all the stains from your clothes, and smoothed
them where my young men had ruffled them, so
that you may now put on your hat and sit with
that ease and composure which you would desire.

[Four strings of white wampum.]

Brother, listen to the Huron chiefs. Brother,
I see you all bloody by the English and my
young men. I now wipe away all those stains
and make you clean. Brother, I see your heart
twisted, and neck and throat turned to the one
side, with the grief and vexation which my j-oung
men have caused, all which disagreeable sensa-
tions I now remove and restore you to your for-
mer tranquility, so that now you maj^ breathe with
ease, and enjoy the benefit of your food and
nourishment. Brother, your ears appear to be
stopped, so that you cannot listen to your brothers
when they talk friendship. That deafness I now
remove, and all stoppage from jour ears, that
you may listen to the friendly speeches of your
brothers, and that they may sink deep into your
heart.

[Seven strings of white wampum.]

Brother, listen to me. When I look around
me, I see the bones of our nephews lie scattered
and unburied. Brother, I gather up the bones
of our young men on both sides in disptite, with-
out any distinction of party. Brother, I have
now gathered up all the bones of our relations on
both sides, and will bury them in a large, deep
grave, and smooth it over so that there shall not
be the least sign of bones, or anything to raise
grief or anger in our minds hereafter. Brother,
I have now buried the bones of all our and your
relations very deep. You very well know that
thei^e are some of your flesh and blood in our

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

hands as prisoners ; I assure you that you shall
see them all safe and well.

[Eight strings of white wampum.]

Brother, I now look up to where our Maker is,
and think there is still some darkness over our
heads, so that God can hardly see us, on account
of the evil doings of the King over the great
waters. All these thick clouds, which have
raised on account of that bad King, I now en-
tirely remove, that God may look and see our
treaty of friendship, and be a witness to the
truth and sincerity of our intentions.

[Four strings of white wampum.]

Brother, as God puts all our hearts right^ I
now give thanks to God Almighty, to the chief
men of the Americans, to my old father the King
of France, and to you, brother, that we can now
talk on more friendly terms, and speak our senti-
ments without interruption.

[Four strings of black and white wampum.]

Brother, you knew me before you saw me that
I had not drawn away my hand from yours. I
sent word last year by Captain White Eyes.
Brother, I look up to Heaven and call God Al-
mighty to witness to the truth of what I say, and
that it really comes from my heart. Brother, I
now tell you that I have forever thrown oft" my
father, the English, and will never give him any
assistance ; and there are some among all the
nations that think the same things that I do, and
I wish they would all think so.

Brother, T cannot answer for all the nations, as
I don't know all their thoughts, and will speak
only what I am sure of. Brother, listen to me.
I love all the nations, and hate none, and when
I return home they shall all hear what you say,
and what is done between us. Brother, I have
just now told you that I loved all the nations, and
I see you raising the hatchet against my young
brothers, the Shawanese. I beg you to stop a
little while, as he has never yet heard me ; and
when he has heard me, if he does not choose to
think as we do, I will tell you of it immediately.
Brother, I intend to speak roughly to my younger
brother, and tell him not to listen to the English,
but throw them oft", and listen to me, and then
he may live as I do.

Brother, I thank you for leaving the fortress
at Tuscarawas, and I am convinced by that you
have taken pity on us and want to make us your
friends. Brother, I now take a firm hold of your
hand, and beg that you will take pity upon other
nations who are m}^ friends, and if any of them
should incline to take hold of your hand I re-
quest that you would comply and receive them
into friendship.

[A black belt of eleven I'ows.]
■ Brother, listen. I tell you to be cautious, as I
think you intend to strike the man near to where
I sit, not to go the nighest way to where he is,
lest you frighten the owners of the lands, who are
living through the country between this and that
place. Brother, you now listen to me, and one
favor I beg of you is that when you drive away
your enemies you will allow me - to continue in
possession of my property, which, if you grant,

will rejoice me. Brother, I would advise you,
when you strike the man. near where I sit, to go
by water, as it will be the easiest and best way.
Brother, if you intend to strike, one way is to go
up the Alleghany and by Prisquille ; another way
is to go down this river and up the Wabash.
Brother, the reason why I mentioned the road
up the river is, that there will be no danger of
your being discovered until you are close upon
them, but on the road down the river you will be
spied. Brother, now I have told you the way to
Prisquille, and that is the boundary between us
and your enemies ; if you go by Wabash your
friends will not be surprised. Brother, you
must not think that what I have said is only my
own thoughts, but the opinion of all the Huron
chiefs, and I speak in behalf of them all. If you
grant what favors I have asked you, all our
friends and relations will be thankful and glad as
far as they can hear all around. Brother, the
reason why I have pointed out these two roads is
that when we hear you are in one of them we
will know your intentions without further notice,
and the Huron chiefs desired me particularly to
mention it that they may meet you in your walk,
and tell you what they have done, who are your
enemies and who are your friends, and in their
name I request a pair of colors to show that we
have joined in friendship.

t Fourteen strings of black wampum.]
Jrothers, the chiefs desire me to tell you that
they have sent Montour before to tell you their
intentions, and they leave him to go with you,
and understand one another by his means."

" Headquarters,

"Pittsburgh, Sept. 19, 1779.
'•'■ Maghingivekesuch to Doonyontat, hrinci-pal
Chief of the Wyandot^ : — Brother, yesterdav I
had the pleasure to hear you speak, but when I
had heard all, and when you had taken no no-
tice of what I mentioned to you before against
the English, I could not tell you what to think.
Brother, the chiefs of the Wyandots have lived
too long with the English to see things as they
ought to do. They must have expected when
they were counseling that the chief they sent to
this council fire would find the Americans asleep,
but the sun, which the Great Spirit has set to
light this island, discovers to me they are much
mistaken.

[Four strings of black and white wampum.]
Brother, I will tell you why they are mistaken :
they have taught that it was an easy matter to
satisfy us, after doing all the mischief they could.
They must have heard that the English were get-
ting weaker, and the Americans stronger, and
that a few flattering words would, with giving up
our prisoners, secure their lives, the lives of their
women and children, and their lands, and the
wicked Shawanese, who have so often imbrued
their hands in the blood of the Americans, and
that in my military operations they had a right to
mark out the road I should march on.

[Six strings of black and white wampum.]
Brother, I, however, thank j'ou for wiping

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

away the blood and burying the bones of our
young men, and for casting off that bad Father,
the King of Britain, over the great lake.
[Three strings of white wampum.]
Brother, I left the fort at Tuscarawas because
it gave uneasiness to several of the Indian na-
tions, which I pitied, and promised to save, if
they would do what was right before God, and I
still intend to do it. But I have said they must
do what is right, and they must send some of
their great men to me to i-emain as hostages until
they have complied with their terms. If this is
not done all words will be considered as wind.
And though I love peace, and could wish to save
the lives of my countrymen of this island, I am
not afraid of war.

[Four strings of black wampum.]

Brother, I will now tell you what I conceive to
be right, and I w?ll leave it to the world to judge
of it : I think the nation you mention, and wish
me to receive into friendship, ought to send hos-
tages to me, as I said befoi-e, until they have
killed and taken from the English and their al-
lies, as they have killed and taken from the
Americans, and return whatever they have stolen
from their brothers, together with their flesh and
blood, and on every occasion join us against our
enemies. Upon these terms, which are just,
they and their posterity may live in peace, and
enjoy their property without disturbance from
their brethren of this island, so long as the sun
shines or the waters run.

[A black belt — rows.]

Brother, I have now spoken from my heart.
•I am a wai'rior as well as a counsellor. My
words are few, but what I say I will perform.
And I must tell you that if the nations will not
do justice, they will not be able, after the Eng-
lish are driven from this island, to enjoy peace
and property.

[Four strings of black wampum.]

Brother, when I go to war I will take my choice
of roads. If I meet my friends, I shall be glad
to s^e them ; and if I meet my enemies, I shall
be ready to fight them. Brother, you told me
you had not yet spoken to the Shawanese. You
likewise say that you had not yet let slip my
mind, if so, why did you not speak to them?
They have heard their grandfathers, the Dela-
wares, and they have heard me. I sent them a
good talk, but they threw it into the fire. Now,
biother, I must tell you that I cannot now pre-
vent the Shawanese being struck by Colonel
Clark. I hear he has gone against them, and
will strike them before I can send to call him
back. But if the Shawanese do what is- right,
as I have told you, they shall enjoy peace and
property. This belt confirms my word.

[A white and black belt, rows.]

Concereing these communications. Colonel
Daniel Brodhead, commanding "W. D.," to Hon.
Timothy Pickering, Esq., President of the Board
of War, dated Pittsburgh, September 23d, 1779,
says : "I enclose you talks of the Delawares,
Wyandots, and the Maquichees tribes of Shaw-
nees ; and I flatter myself that there is a great

share of sincerity in their present professions.
Since my last this frontier has enjoyed perfect
tranquillity, but the new settlements at Kentucky
have suffered greatly." It will be seen, there-
fore, that the Indians roamed at will over the
region from Pittsburgh to Kentucky, and depre-
dated the settlements in that State.

These . stipulations, however, had to be en-
forced by not only an iron will on the part of the
commanders of troops, but a self-sacrificing
spirit on the part of the troops never before
equaled, as will be seen by remembering that
amid all the dangers and difficulties incident to
war with the Indians, but the additional mortifi-
cation of a depreciated currency, their finances
were very low. "Continental money" seemed
of so doubtful a surety that it rapidly depreciat-
ed, and it behooved them to sustain it if possible.
This difficulty was increased by the very effort
to inspire confidence, by issuing large amounts
that every claim might be at least nominally
met ; and it will not be out of place at this time
to pi-esent an extract showing in a brief manner
to what straits our patriot fathers were reduced.
That man knows but little of the merits of the
heroes and sages of the American Revolution
who is disposed to sit down contented with a
mere knowledge of desperate battles, defeats
and victories, blQodshed and death, occurring
during that time. The orderly books and pri-
vate correspondence of Washington and his fel-
low-soldiers illustrate that there was as much
heroism and power of endurance shown in en-
countering vexatious details as in planning sieges
and fighting battles. Nothing was well ordered
or arranged in the affairs of the continent. The
forms of State administrations were equally de-
fective. In Pennsylvania this was eminently the
case.

Among the measures of false policy to which
the legislators of the Revolution very naturally
resorted were those embargoes, commercial re-
strictions of all sorts, tender laws, and limita-
tions of prices. The last were most habitually
relied on, and were certainly, in their effects,
most pernicious. It was a prevalent delusion,
affecting alike Congress, the State Assemblies,
and the mass of the people, that the only mode
of appreciating the paper currency was to pre-
scribe a strict limitation of prices, and in spite of
its invincible worthlessness to force a given value
on a depreciated and fast depreciating paper
dollar.

In October, 1778, Washington wrote to one of
his friends : ' ' Want of virtue is infinitely more
to be dreaded than the whole force of Great
Britain, assisted as they are by Hessian, Indian,
and Negro allies ; for certain I am that unless
extortion, forestalling, and other practices which
have ci'ept in and become exceeding prevalent
and injurious to the common cause, can meet
with proper checks, we must inevitably sink un-
der such a load of accumulated oppression. To
make and extort money in every shape that can
be devised, and at the same time to deny its
value, seems to have become a mere business

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and an epidemical disease, calling for the inter-
position of every good man and body of men."
(Sparks' Washington, vol. i, p. 91.)

"We are sorry to hear that some persons are
so slightly informed of their own interests as to
suppose that it is advantageous to them to sell
the produce of their farms at enormous prices,
when a little reflection might convince them that
it is injurious to their interests and the general
welfare. If they expect thereby to purchase im-
ported goods cheaper, they will be egregiously
disappointed ; for the merchants, who know they
cannot obtain returns in gold, silver, or bills of
exchange, but their vessels, if loaded at all,
must be loaded with produce, will raise the price
of what they have to sell in proportion to the
price of what they have to buy, and consequent-
ly the landholder can purchase no more foreign
goods for the same quantity of his produce than
he could before." (Journals, 1779, p. 225.)

In this tone did Congress address a people
highly inflamed. The progress of things was
rapid and natural. On the next day (February
27, 1777,) a large town meeting was held in the
State House Yard, at which Daniel Roberdean
presided. His speech on taking the chair was
highly inflammatory, the burden of it being that
monopolizers were grinding down the people by
heavy taxes in the form of high prices ; that the
disease of monopoly had its origin in Philadel-
phia ; that the only way to make mone}' good
was forcibly to reduce the prices of goods and
provisions. The response to this appeal was the
adoption of a series of resolutions asserting the
right of the people to inquire into and punish
abuses aside from the law ; a determination " not
to be eaten up by monopolizers and forestallers,"
demanding that all excess of price beyond that
which was paid on the ist of May last past
should be taken off; and finally organizing two
committees, one to inquire into certain alleged
abuses, and the other a permanent one, whose
duty it was to ascertain prices at certain past
days, to which thereafter all dealings were to
conform. The prices of the 1st of May were to
be the prices till the ist of July, after which they
were to be reduced to the standard of the ist of
April. Not only did every township and county
in Pennsylvania organize its committee of prices,
but neighboring and distant States followed in
the train of mistaken policy. The following
table was published by authority, June 16^ 1779 :

PRICES OF THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES ON THE IST OF Al'niL,
WHICH ARE TO CONTINUE FOR THE MONTH OF JULY.

WHOLESALE.

Coffee, per R) £.0 15 0 Per Hi.

Chocolate, per lb 117 6 "

Bohea tea, per lb 4 10 0 " ..,

Common green tea 5 10 0 "

Best Hyson 18 00 0 " ..,

WestlndiaKum, pergal 6 05 0
Country Eum, " 4 10 0

French Eum, " 4 10 0

Muscovada sugar, from

£70 to'£95per cwt....
Loaf sugar, from £2 02

to £2 10 per ft

Rice

From 15s to 20s
per lb

From 47s 6d to
52s 6d per R).

..£0 16 0
.. 2 00 0
.. 4 15 0
... 7 10 0
..20 00 0
... 6 li 6
.. 4 15 0
... 4 15 0

0 60 0
0 45 0
0 42 6

0 08 0
0 15 0
0 12 6
0 15 0

0 38 0

0 55 0
0 15 0

0 20 0

,150s Od

150s Od
180s Od
, 20s Od
1.50s Od

0 03 0

WHOLESALE. BtiAlii.

French Indigo, per lb. £26 15 0 Peril)

Carolina Indigo, " ... 2 00 0 " -^

Black Pepper, " ... 1 17 6 " ■•

Cotton from 40s to 55s... " From 45s to 60

Hemp "

Candles 14 00 6 "

Best hard soap 10 00 6 "

Butter "

Blooming bar iron, per

ton £500 Per cwt, £28

Eefined bar iron, per ton

£700

Nail rod iron, per ton

£1,000

Sheet iron per lb 0 12 0

best Dintle sole leather,

per lb

Neats' leather, by the

side

A calfskin that will cut

four pair of shoes

Best bootlegs, per pair..

Harness leather, per lb.. *

Bridle leather, per side...

Boots per pair from £37

to £40

M^i's best leather shoes

from 135s to 150s ....
Women's shoes 120s

Bv the advise of the Schuylers there was now
(1757) on the Mohawk river a Superintendent
of Indian Affairs, the importance of which
charge began to be fully understood. He was
regularly appointed and paid by the Govern-
ment. This was the celebrated Sir William
Johnson. He held the office so difficult both to
define and execute. It might be said, that he
was the tribune of the Five Nations ; their claims
he asserted, their rights he protected, and over
their minds he possessed a greater swaj- than
any other individual had ever attained : he was
calculated to win and retain the affections of a
brave people, possessing, in common with them-
selves, many of those peculiarities of mind and
manners that distinguished them from others.
He was superintendent to the warriors of the
upper and lower castle of the Iroquois Indians,
and in the presence of Lt. Butler, of Rvitherford's
Company, Capt. Matthew Farral, Lt. John But-
ler, and Daniel and Clause, and Peter Wraxal,
secretaries of Indian affairs, and Wm. Printer
and Jacob. Clement, interpreters, addressed them
as follows :

" Afv brcthroi of both castles of the Anics: — I
wipe away all tears from your eyes and clear
your throat, that you may hear and speak with-
out constraint. I rejoice to see you, and salute
you with all m}' heart.

[Gives a string of wampum. J

I desire to conform to what I demanded of
you in a letter which I wrote to j^ou from New
York as soon as I returned from Virginia,
wherein I prayed all your chiefs and warriors to
wait my coining home, to hear news, and be in-
formed of the orders which I have received from
his excellency, General Braddock (the great
warrior), whom the King, our common father,
has sent to this country, with a great number of
troops, of great, great guns, and other imple-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ments of war, to protect you as well as his sub-
jects upon this continent, and defend you against
all usurpations and insults of the French.

I have been to wait upon this great man, along
with the Governors of Boston, New York, Penn-
sylvania and Maryland ; we had, also, there the
Governor of Virginia, and another great man,
who, in this part of the world, commands all the
men of war belonging to the King. In ithe great
council many important affairs have been delib-
erated, among which the interest and safety of
our" brethren, the Six Nations, and their allies,
•■were considered with great attention.

My brethren, the tree which you and the rest
of the Six Nations have so often and earnestly
desired that it should be replanted, is grown by
such a mighty hand that its roots penetrate
into the bottom of the earth, and its branches are
a refreshing shade to cover you and your allies ;
as I am to acquaint you that, agreeable to the in-
structions which the King, your father, has
given to General Braddock, I am nominated to
be alone superintendent over all the affairs that
shall concern you and your allies in this part of
the world ; I invite you and your brethren, the
Six United Nations, and your allies, to assemble
under this tree, where you may freely open your
hearts and heal your wounds, and at the same
time I transport the shade of that fire which was
in Albany, and rekindle the fire, of council and
friendship in this place ; I shall make it of such
wood as shall produce the greatest light and
greatest heat. I hope it will be serviceable and
conformable to all those who shall come to light
their pipes at it ; and that the sparkling and
flaming coals thereof will burn all those who are
or shall be its enemies. I hope that you and all
your brethren would be glad to increase tHe
lustre and splendor of this fire, in minding and
keeping it always up, applying yourselves to it
with that diligence and zeal as may derive a
blessing from it, not only upon you, but upon all
your posterity. To obtain and ascertain that
salutary end, it is absolutely necessary that you
extinguish all the fires kindled by means of de-
ceit and fraud .and not natural, which light,
but to deceive and destroy you and yours.

[A belt.]

My brethren, by this belt of wampum, I
cleanse the council chamber, to the end that
there be nothing offensive therein, and I hope
that you will take care that no evil spirits creep
in among us, that nothing may interupt our har-
mony.

[Gives a string of wampum.]

My brethren, I am concerned to see, at my re-
turn, that many of the two villages desire to go
to Canada. I should be much surprised that
you, who have been our most faithful friends and
nearest neighbors, would, upon any occasion,
show your desire to be deceived by the wicked
artifices of the French, who are so well known,
and of whom you have had such fatal experience,
especially when that restless and perfidious na-
tion breaks the most solemn treaties and violates
all the obligations of honor and justice ; this

would be the most surprising thing in the world.
But I hope that what I have been told upon that
subject has no foundation. I desire and insist
that none of you, upon any pretense whatsoever,
have any correspondence with the French, nor
receive any of their emisaries, nor go to Canada
without my knowledge and approbation.

[Upon this condition I give you a belt.]

I intend immediately to call j'-our other breth-
ren of the Six Nations to this present fire. I
hope that you'll come here along wath them. I
shall deliver a speech of his excellency. General
Braddock, accompanied with presents for )'ou,
which the Great King, your father, has sent by
that warrior."

After some moments of consultation between
them, Abraham, one of the chiefs of the upper
village, got up and spoke thus for the two :

" My brother, you have called us to let us know
the tidings you have brought with you, and we
have understood all that yovx have said ; we defer
until the Six Nations are all assembled here to
give an exact account of all affairs,
y [Gives a string of wampum.]

My brother, we thank you for being so willing
to wipe the tears from our eyes and to cleanse
our throats and this floor. We do as much with
this string of wampum.

[Gives a string of wampum.]

My brother, to complj^ with your request we
have met together, and with great attention
heard all you have said ; we thank you for jour
kind information ; we are charmed to see 3'ou
again once more, and greet }'0u with this string
of wampum.

[They give it.]

My brother, we have often represented to our
father, the great King, that the tree advanced ; we
are very glad that our father has complied with
our demand, and thank him for it most sincerely ;
we have had the greatest satisfaction to have all
that you have said concerning that tree, we sin-
cerely wish that it may continue such as you de-
scribe in your speech, and we are very sensible
of all you said upon the subject.

My brother, you have told us that the tree
which shaded us is now replanted here ; you
made it the shade of Albany, and you have re-
kindled here the fire of prudence and friendship,
which must be made of good, everlasting wood,
so that it shall be 'always clear, and give com-
fortable and salutary heat to all that will
approach it as friends, whilst it shall bui'n and
inflame against its enemies ; our first fathers had
kindled this fire first at Onontague and carried
the small coals of it to rekindle another at the
habitation of Quider (Indian for Albany). The
fire never burnt clear and was almost
extinguished ; we are very well satisfied to hear
that you have rekindled it.

My brother, you have invited us all and our
brethren, the "Six United Nations and their
allies, to come and sit under that tree you spoke
of, there to light our pipes at the fire of prudence,
and that we and they should endeavor to pre-
serve it we don't doubt but that tlie\- would be

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

glad to see it, but we must delay until all the
nations be assembled here in a body for to
answer that article of your speech.

My brotl*er, we thank you for having cleansed
this council chamber and for removing all that
might be offensive therein, you may assure your-
self, that we will do all that we can to answer
your intention and aA'oid all that might tend to
trouble or disturb our mutual harmony.

My brother, you have told us that you have
been informed that some of us were going to the
French, and you put us in mind of their conduct
towards our ancestors, whom we remember very
well, for their bones are false and deceitful ; they
have given us very fine words and their letters
were sweet, but their hearts were full of poison
for us ; you know ovu" affairs, my brother, as well
as we, and the rest of the Six Nations are jealous
of us, because we used the hajchet last against
the French. Shall we now be accounted false and
deceitful? no, you may be assured, that we will
not go to Canada upon any request of the
French, because we are not so much in their
friendship ; also, my brother, do not believe all
the reports that may be brought to you upon that
subject.

My brother, we thank you at once for all you
have told us ; we have already said that it was
necessary the Six Nations were assembled here
to give a positive answer ; we thank you for the
invitation you gave us to come here with the
rest of our brethren ; we will not fail to meet
them here."

The Chief Mohawk (Anies) of the upper
village having requested to have a conference
with Colonel Johnson, in the presence of the
Secretary of Indian Affairs and the two inter-
preters, Abraham spoke in the name of the
Chief, and said :

My brother, when you were at New York
you told us that our chiefs and warriors should
rest on their mats, and wait until your return,
which we have done ; and why should we
not, seeing we have at all times appeared ready
to oblige you? And we are the more, since you
tell us that you are a tree planted in order to
put us under your shade, and we don't doubt but
that our brethren of the other five Nations are
all disposed to obey you.

My brother, it is very true that we have been
always obedient and obliging-to you, and seeing
you told us that you would have us rest in the
cabin, our young men being ready to go hunt-
ing, being detained by your orders, have
nothing to subsist on, they have begged our
chiefs to represent their condition to you ; they
want everything, not having been a hunting, and
to pray you to give them some powder and shot,
to kill some game for their subsistence, as it will
be some time before the arrival of the other five
Nations, and all of us receive the presents sent
us by the King, our father ; whilst we wait, we
pray you to give us what is purely necessary
for us.

My brother, as we foresee the hard seasons
are approaching, we renew the prayers to you we

often made to the safety of our wives and chil-
dren ; we hope you will actually execute."

COLONEL Johnson's ansv^^er.

"Brethren — I am perfectly convinced oi
your good disposition for me and of your com-
plaisance at all times to listen to my words, and
to do what I demand of you ; it is that which has
engaged me to take your affairs in my consider-
ation ; the fresh proofs you give me of your
friendship and regard toward me, will enable
me to serve your interests more effectually and
to my satisfaction. I am sensible I have done*
you great hurt, as also to your young men, for
detaining them at the time upon their mats,
wherefore I readily grant you what you require
of me, and will give you powder and bullets.

Before I left New York I represented before
your brother, the Governor, the necessity of
building a safe retreat for your families, and I
have the pleasure to acquaint you that he hath
given me full power to do it, and the workmen
shall go about it as soon as possible."

[Signed.] Johnson.

May 17.

These speeches are from Craig's Olden Time,
pages 244-5-6 and 7 — the year is not given.
This apparently peaceful disposition of things is
followed -up by a course not in harmony with it ;
instance, a letter written by Sir William Johnson
to different Governors concerning the plan of
the expedition against the fort at Crown Point,
which is as follows :

New York, May 5th, 1755.
"As I am nominated the Commander-in-Chief
of the Colonies' forces, with regard to the expe-
dition proposed against Crown Point, I think it
my duty to endeavor all I can to remove the ob-
stacles that might come in the wav of the pres-
ent service, and prevent everything that might
not tend to the success of this undertaking. As
a train of artillery is so essentially necessarj'
that nothing can be done without it, and the
Eastern Colonies are to provide it, I don't doubt
of your doing all in your power to hasten things
on that head, that our march may not be de-
layed, and that we may not tarry longer at Al-
bany than is necessary, which might confirm the
enemy in the suspicion of an attack, if he should
unfortunately have knowledge of it. L much
fear I shall want proper persons to manage the
train of artillery, wherefore, if you have in your
province any persons capable of being an engi-
neer or bombardier, or any other fit person to
manage a train of artillery, I desire you would
engage them into the service according to the
knowledge you may have of their capacity.
You must know, also, we want a great number
of boats for transporting the troops, besides
those that are necessary for the train of artillery,
ammunition, and baggage. Every batteau must
carry five men. We have already those which
this Government was to provide for us. As I
imagine the other Colonies are to get those bat-
teaus (which they are to furnish) built either

J. R. LARZELERE, M. D.

Dh. J. R. Larzelere, the second son of Joseph
and Harriett Larzelere, was born September 16th,
1826, in the town of Bristol, Bucks county, Penn-
sylvania a beautiful little city on the shore of
the historic Delaware river, twenty miles above
Philadelphia. His parents came to Muskingum
county about 1829, and settled in Springfield
township, five miles west of the then town of
Zanesville, where the family continued to live
for ten years, when his father purchased and
removed his family to what was then known as
the Bernard Van Horn farm. About 1854 Joseph
Larzelere bought and again removed his family
to the old Esquire Whipple farm, where he died
in the fall of 1877.

When eighteen years old the subject of this
sketch decided to abandon agricultural pursuits
and become a follower of Esculapius. After four
years of study he graduated at the Jefferson Med-

ical College, Philadelphia, in 1852, and soon after
located in Adelphi, Ross county, Ohio, where he
remained two years in the practice of medicine,
when he removed to the village of Putnam (now
the Ninth ward in Zanesville).

The Doctor married Eliza A., daughter of Ber-
nard Wortman, October 17th, 1854. This union
was blessed with four children, Edward D., Charles
M., Ella E., and Joseph B. January 30th, 1868,
he married Annie E. Palmer, daughter of J. T.
and R, Palmer, of Putnam, and Edna Dascum,
Charles T. and Gordon P. have been added to the
family. And now, after a successful career in the
practice of medicine for thirty years, the Doctor
and his happy family have the pleasure of con-
trasting the struggles of "ye pioneer" in days
long gone by, with the friendships and comforts
with which they are surrounded.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

here or in the Jerseys, I look upon it as a thing
impossible to build a sufficient number in time
unless they send us workmen to help us."

I am, etc., William Johnson.

"I, the subscriber, one of the Superior Council
of Qiiebec, do certify that I have translated, etc.,

NUMBER XVI,

A proclamation directed by order of Charles
Lawrence, Esq., Governor of Acadia, to the
French inhabitants of the neighborhood of the
isthmus and the banks of the river St. John :

BY THE KING.

By order of his Excellency Charles Lawrence,
Esquire, Lieutenant Governor, and Commander-
in-Chief of the province of Nova Scotia, or
Acadia, etc. :

A PROCLAMATION.

" Zb the inhabitants and others, the natives of
Chignecto., Bay Vert, Tintamar, Chiboudie,
River St. John and their de-pendencies , and to all
others who have not as yet submitted themselves : —
Forasmuch as the greatest part of the inhabitants
of the places aforesaid and others have not as
yet submitted themselves to the King of Great
Britain [This is i^emarkable, how it came to pass
that ever since the treaty of Utrecht it never en-
tered into their minds to require this silbmission.]
but on the contrary have behaved themselves in
a manner contrary to all order and loyalty with
regard to their own sovereign ;

These are, therefore, to order them to repair
immediately to my camp to submit themselves,
bringing with them all their arms, muskets,
swords, pistols, and every other instrument of
war ; in disobedience whereof they shall be
treated as rebels.

Given at our camp of Chignecto this 13th day
of May, 1755."

[Signed] Robert Monckton.

A collection of papers tending to vindicate the
conduct of the Court of France, in answer to the
observations sent by the English Ministry to the
several courts of Europe.

Part II, No. I (Craig's Olden Time), p. 251. —
A memorial delivered by the Duke de. Mire-
poix to Sir Thomas Robinson, January 15th,
1755, which is as follows :

"As an immediate prevention of the conse-
quences which may arise from the unexpected
difference in the several colonies of North Amer-
ica and the hostilities which attended them is a
matter of the utmost importance, the King pro-
poses to his Britannic Majesty that, previous to
an inquiry into the foundation and circumstances
of this dispute, positive orders should be sent to
our respective governors to forbid their engaging
from henceforth in any new enterprise, or com-
mitting any acts of violence ; on the contrary, to
enjoin them without delay to establish matters in
the same situation with respect to the territory
of Ohio, or La Belle Riviere, in which they were,
or ought to have been, before the last war ; and

that the respective pretensions should be amica-
bly submitted to tjie commission appointed at
Paris, to the end that the differences between
the two courts may be terminated by a speedy
reconciliation.

The King is likewise desirous, in order to re-
move every uneasy impression, and to make his
subjects perfectly happy in the enjoyment of the
inestimable blessings of peace, that his Britannic
Majesty would be open and explicit with regard
to the cause and destination of the armament
last raised in England.

The King has too great confidence in the up-
rightness of his Britannic Majesty's intentions
not to expect that he will give his free and ready
concurrence to propositions so conducive to the
public tranquillity and a good harmony between
our two courts."

[Signed]. Duke de Mirepqix.

Number 2. — The answer to the foregoing
memorial, delivered by order of the English Court
to the Duke de Mirepoix, January 22d, 1755, is
as follows :

" The King has beheld with concern the unex-
pected difference in North America, and the
hostilities with which they have been accompa-
nied. His Majesty is equally desirous, with the
Most Christian King, to put an end to them, de-
manding nothing but what is founded on treaties
and is agreeable to the just rights and posses-
sions of his crown and the- protection of his
subjects in that part of the world.

The King is of opinion that the proposal com-
municated by his excellency, the Duke de Mire-
poix, is not express as to that matter ; neverthe-
less, to manifest his desire of maintaining the
most perfect peace, union and harmony with his
most Christian Majesty, and to the end that mat-
ters may be re-established on an equitable foot-
ing, his Majesty proposes that the possession of
the country along the river Ohio, or Belle Riv-
iere, should be restored to the same condition as
it was in at the conclusion of the treaty of
Utrecht, and according to the stipulations made
in the same treaty, as it has been renewed by
that of Aix-la-Chapelle ; and, moreover, that
the other possessions in North America be re-
stored to the same condition in which they were
at the conclusion of the said treaty of Utrecht,
and agreeable to the cessions and stipulations
made by that treaty. And then his Majesty will
be able to treat of the method of instructing the
respective Governors, to restrain them from en-
gaging henceforward in any new enterprises, or
committing any hostilities ; and the pretension,
on both sides, may then be submitted to be speed-
ily and finally discussed and amicably adjusted
between the two courts.

Such are the sentiments of his Majesty ; the de-
fense of his rights and possessions, and the pro-
tection of his subjects, have been his sole motives
for sending an armament into North America,
which he professes to have done without an in-
tention to injure any power that exists, or to en-
gage in anything that has a tendency to violate

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

the general peace. To be convinced of this, the
nature and extent of that armanaent need only to
be considered, and the King does not doubt that
his Most Christian Majesty, according to the
well known uprightness of his intentions, will be
as open and explicit, with respect to his great
naval preparations at Brest and Toulon."
[Signed.] T. Robinson.

Numbers three and four are of similar tenor,
with the exception that article two, in number
four, declares :

" The subjects of their most Christain and Brit-
anic Majesties shall evacuate the country between
the river Ohio and the mountains which bound
Virginia, and shall severally retire, viz : The
French beyond the said river Ohio, and the
English on this side the mountains, so that all
the territories which lies betw'een the said river
and mountains shall be looked upon as neutral
during the continuance of the present conven-
tion ; and all grants, if any there be, which have
been made by either of the two nations on said
territory, shall be considered as null and void."

And article four, which reads :

" Agreeable to the ninth article of the treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, all things shall be restored to
the same condition in North America, in which
they were or ought to have been, since the treaty
of Utrecht; in consequence of which all forts,
which have been built by either nation since that
era, shall be destroyed, as well upon the said ter-
ritory of Ohio, as in every other part of North
America which is in dispute between the two na-
tions."

Number five is of a similar character to those
cited, with an enumeration of propositions from
each side, without arriving at a settlement.

In number seven the French diplomate, M.
Rouille, to the Duke de Mirepoix, the 27th of
March, 1755, sums up the matter by saying that
"the King will make no scruple of communica-
ting to the King of England duplicates of the or-
ders and instructions which his Majesty shall
send to his Governrneri't and commanders, if his
Majesty will on his part act with the same can-
dor and confidence towards the King. What
we propose in this respect is so consistent with all
the rules of equity and moderation that we do
not conceive it will or can be rejected, if the
desire of peace is as real and sincere at London
as it is at Versailles."

Number 7. — Answer delivered by the Court
of London to the Duke de Mirepoix, the 5th
of April, 1755. The summing up of this is ex-
pressed in these lines: "The Court of London
finds the same difficulties in this proposal which
presented themselves at the beginning of the ne-
gotiation, and cannot think it by any means fa-
vorable to reconciliation."

Numbers 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 ai-e remarkable chiefly
for diplomatic dodging and bantering on the part
of the two Kings.

Number 12. — Memorial of the Duke de Mire-
poix to the the Ministry of London, May 14th,
1755-

The differences between the Courts of France
and England, concerning America, have four
objects in view : ist. The limits of Acadia ; 2d,
The hmits of Canada; 3d, The course and ter-
ritory of Ohio ; 4th,. The islands of St. Lucia,
St. Vincent, Dominica, and Tobago. We pass
on to the 3d article, "Concerning the course and
territory of Ohio."

It is evident and incontestable from the princi-
ples of justice, mutual convenience and security,
as well as from tides and records, that the Ohio
ought to be a part of the possessions of France.
The English have not any settlements on that
river; an.d when the British Ministry asserted
that the heads of that river were full of ancient
settlements of their nation, they too readily gave
credit to false relations. The French have ever
looked upon that river as belonging to Canada,
and it is essentially necessary to them for the
communication of Canetda with Louisiana. They
have frequented it at all times, and with forces.
It was also by that river that the detachment of
troops passed, who were sent to Louisiana about
the year 1739, on account of the war with the
Chickasaws.

If there had been any English settlements on
the river at that time, or if it had been a part of
the British Colonies, would the French have been
permitted to go down the river's whole length, or
would not the Court of London at least made
some complaints? But then there was as yet no
talk of the new pretensions, which have since
risen without proof, title, or any sort of founda-
tion. It is true, that within these late years some
English traders passed the mountains of Vir-
ginia, and ventured to carry on a fur trade with
the Indians on the Ohio. The French Governors
of Canada contented themselves at first with ac-
quainting them that they were within the terri-
tory of France, and enjoined them not to return,
that they were within the territory of France,
and enjoined them not to i-eturn there, imder
penalty of having their effects seized and being
made prisoners. The traders, however, returned,
their goods were confiscated and sold, and they
were personally arrested, taken to Quebec, and
from thence to France, where they were thrown
into prison at Rochelle. No reclaim or complaint
was made by the Court of London ; they were
looked upon as contraband traders, whom their
avarice had exposed to the hazards of an illicit
commerce.

After having thus firmly established the right
and possession of the French on the river and
territory of the Ohio, it ought to be considered
as a very convincing proof of their love of peace,
that they are most ready and willing to stipulate
that all territor}^ between the Ohio and the moun-
tains which bound Virginia shall remain neutral,
and that all the commerce in, or passage through
the same, shall be prohibited as well to the
French as the English. There were four points
brought in question in memorial number xiii :
The limits of Acadia, the Hmits of Canada, the
course and territory of the Ohio, and the islands
St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Dpffiinica and Tabago.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The third, the territory of Ohio, is the only one
demanding our -attention, and reads as follows :

"Notwithstanding all that is advanced upon
this article, the Court of Great Britain cannot
admit that France has the least title to the river
Ohio and the territory in question ; even that of
possession, neither can nor ought to be alleged
on this point, since France cannot pretend to
have had any before the treaty of Aix la Cha-
pelle, nor since, unless it be some forts unjustly
erected in the last place, upon lands which evi-
dently belong to the Five Nations, or which they
have transferred to the Crown of Great Britain,
or its subjects, which may be proved from trea-
ties and the most authentic acts.

"The title which France seems most to insist
upon, is the use made of this for communication
between Canada and Louisiana, but, in lact,
they have never made any use of it, unless it
was occasionally or secretly, and, as perhaps
might have happened in so vast a region, in such
a manner as not to be taken notice of, which,
however, cannot give them the least shadow of
right.

"The rivers Miami and Oubache only have
been used for some years, as a communication
between Canada and Louisiana ; not that Great
Britain can admit that France has any right to
these rivers, much less still to a passage, so near
as they are to the river Ohio. As to the use they
made of this last river, on account of the war
with the Chickasaws, the allies and friends of
Great Britain did not even make a formal com-
plaint of it ; it will not follow that violence com-
mitted at a certain nice and critical conjuncture,
should serve as a foundation for new encroach-
ments. This is much the same with the rash
and inconsiderate measures taken by a Governor
of a remote colony, who prohibited the English
from passing the mountains of Virginia, under
penalty of having their goods seized and being
made prisoners. The manner in which the Court
of Great Britain complains of such like proceed-
ings has been sufficiently manifested, in the
memorial, although this was never delivered to
the Court of France, as reported by the late Earl
of Albemarle as being delivered March 7th, 1752.
What the Court of Great Britain asserts and in-
sists upon, is that the five Iroquois nations, ac-
knowledged by France to be the subjects of
Great Britain, are either originally, or by right
of conquest, the lawful proprietors of the terri-
tory of Ohio in question. And as that part of
the territory, which those people have ceded and
transferred to the British nation, (which must be
acknowledged to be the most lawful and equita-
ble manner of acquiring it), they claim it as their
property, which they have not ceased to cultivate
twenty years and more, and upon several parts of
which they have formed settlements from the
very sources of Ohio, as far as Pickhac- Villains,
which is the center of the territory between Ohio
and Oubache. But, notwithstanding these facts
are so clear and evident, the Court of Great
Britain, for the sake of peace, and the preserva-
tion of a good understanding between the two

Courts, have proposed, in order to prevent all
future disputes, to leave that tract of land in
those parts neutral and uncultivated, which has
already been declared to the Court of France,
and Great Britain is ready to adjust and limit the
precise extent of it, by an amicable negotiation.
[Signed.] "T. Robinson."

Statutes of Ohio (S. P. Chase), vol. I, "Prelim-
inary Sketch," p. 15, reads as follows :

"In May, 1785, soon after the ratification of
the treaty concluded at Fort Mcintosh, with the
Wyandots, Delawares, Chippewas and Ottawas,
the United States acquired the title to all lands
lying east', west and south of a line drawn from
the mouth of the Cuyahoga, up that river to the
Tuscarawas portage, and to the Tuscarawas
above Port Lawrence ; thence to Loramies ;
thence with the river to Lake Erie. The terri-
tory thus ceded included about three-fourths of
the State of Ohio."

The United States, therefore, by treaty, hav-
ing acquired the ownership to so much of the
State of Ohio, her citizens began to go to and
possess the land, and defend their right thereto ; •
and the fortunes of war closed the scene, as
between the Colonies and Great Britain, in favor
of American sovereignty.

CHAPTER III.

POIilTICAL HISTORY.

EARLY LEGISLATION FIRST TERRITORIAL LEGIS-
LATURE HOW CRIME WAS PUNISHED IN "YE

OLDEN time" OHIO ADMITTED INTO THE

UNION ACT TO ESTABLISH THE COUNTY OF

MUSKINGUM — JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF OHIO "THE

circuits" SUPREME COURT COMMON PLEAS

COURT FIRST PETIT JURY CLERKS OF THE

SUPREME COURT CLERKS OF THE COMMON

PLEAS COURT PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS

COMMON PLEAS JUDGES — ^ASSOCIATE JUDGES

COMMON PLEAS COURT COURT HOUSES MUS-
KINGUM COUNTY BAR MEMBERS OF THE STATE

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION MEMBERS OF

CONGRESS STATE SENATORS SPEAKERS OF

THE OHIO LEGISLATURE COUNTY OFFICERS.

The first acts of Territorial Legislation were
passed at Marietta, then the only American
settlement northwest of the Ohio. The Govern-
or and Judges did not strictly confine themselves
within the limits of their legislative authority,
as prescribed by the ordinance (1787). When
they could not find laws of the original States
suited to the condition of the country, they sup-
plied the want by enactments of their own.
The earliest laws, from 1788 to 1795, were all
thus enacted. (From Chase's Statutes, p. 25).
In the year 1789 the first Congress passed an
act recognizing the binding force of the ordi-
nance of 1787, and adopting its provisions to the
Federal Constitution. The act provided that the
communications directed in the ordinance to be
made to Congress or its officers, by the Govern-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

or, should thenceforth be made to the President,
and that the authority to appoint, with the
consent of the Senate and commissioned officers,
before that time appointed and commissioned by
Congress, should likewise be rested in that
officer. In 1792 Congress passed another act
giving to the Governors and Judges authority to
repeal, at their discretion, the laws made by
them ; and enabling a single Judge of the Gen-
eral Court, in the absence of his brethren, to hold
the terms.

At this time the Judges appointed by the Na-
tional Executive constituted the Supreme Court
of the Territory. They were commissioned
during good behavior, and their judiciarl jurisdic-
tion extended over the whole region northwest
of Ohio. The court thus constituted was fixed
at no certain place, and its process, civil and
criminal, was returnable whei^soever it might be
in the l^'erritory. Inferior to this court were the
county courts of Common Pleas and the general
Quarter Sessions of the peace. The former con-
sisted of any number of Judges, not less than
three nor more than seven, and had a general
common law jurisdiction, concurrent with the
respective counties, with that of justices for
each county, to be determined by the Governor ;
who were required to hold three terms in ever}^
year, and had a limited criminal jurisdiction.
Single Judges of the Common Pleas and single
justices of the Qiiarter Sessions were also clothed
with certain civil and criminal powers to be ex-
ercised out of court. Besides these courts,
each county had a Judge of Probate, clothed
with the ordinary jurisdiction of a Probate
Court.

Such was the original constitution of courts
and distribution of judicial power in the north-
western territory. The expenses of the system
were defrayed in part by the national govern-
ment and in part by assessments upon the
counties, but principally by fees which were
payable to every officer concerned in the admin-
istration of jtistice, from the Judges of the Gen-
eral Court downward.

In 1795 the Governor and Judges undertook to.
revise Territorial laws and to establish a com-
plete system of statutory jurisprudence by adop-
tion from the laws of the original States, in
strict conformity to the provisions of the ordi-
nance. For this purpose they assembled at
Cincinnati in June and continued in session until
the latter part of August. The judiciary system
underwent some changes. The General Court
was tjxed at Cincinnati and Marietta, and a
Circuit established, with power to try, in the sev-
eral counties, issues in fact depending before
the Superior tribunal, where alone causes could
be finally decided. Orphans' Courts, too, were
established, with jurisdiction analogous to but
more extensive than that of a Judge of Probate.
Laws were also adopted to regulate judgments
and executions, for the limitation of actions, for
the distribution of intestate estates, and for many

other general purposes The other

laws of 1795 were principally derived from the |

statute book of Pennsylvania. From this time
to the organization of the Territorial Legislature,
in 1799, there were no acts of legislation, except
ten laws adopted by the Secretary and Judges in

1798 Befoi-e the end of the year

1798 the northwestern territory contained a pop-
ulation of five thousand free male inhabitants of
full age and eight organized counties.

The people were now entitled under the ordi-
nance to a change in the form of their govern-
ment. That instrument provided that, upon
giving proof to the Governor, that there were
five thousand free males of full ages in the terri-
tory, the people should be authorized to elect
representatives to a Territorial Legislature.
This privilege was, however, confined to free-
holders, in fee simple, of fifty acres within the
district. No others were entitled to vote, and
only freeholders, in fee simple, of two hundred
acres within the district, were eligible as repre-
sentatives. When chosen, the House of Repre-
sentatives were to assemble in convention and
nominate ten freeholders of five hundred acres,
of whom the President, under the constitution,
was to appoint five, who were to constitute the
legislative council. Representatives were to
serve two and five years. The two houses were
to constitute a Territorial Legislature, with power
to make any laws not repugnant to the National
Constitution or to the ordinance of 1787. The
Judges were thenceforth to be confined to purely
judicial functions, the Governor to retain his
appointing power, his general executive authori-
ty, and to have an absolute negative upon all

legislative acts Representatives

were according^ elected, who assembled at Cin-
cinnati in pursuance of the Governor's proclama-
tion, and nominated ten persons for councilmen.
Of these, five was selected by the President, and
the sixteenth day of September, 1799, was ap-
pointed for the first meeting of the Territorial

Legislature Governor St. Clair

then addressed the Legislature. He commenced
by expressing his gratification that the laws, by
which the people were to be governed, "were
thenceforth to proceed from the peoplei's repre-
sentatives ; but, at the same time stated his
entire conviction that the system which had
been superceded was wisely adopted to the orig-
inal circumstances of the Territory.

He called the attention ol the Legislature to
the laws which have been enacted b}' the Gov-
ernor and Judges ; observed that doubts had
been expressed from the bench as to their validity,
and advised that they should be repealed and
their place supplied by others, or confirmed by a
law for that purpose. Efficient revenue and
militia systems were likewise recommended.
He suggested the expediency of a memorial to
Congress, praying that the fee of section sixteen,
reserved by the ordinance of 1785, for the use of
schools, and section twenty-nine, reserved in the
contracts with the Ohio Compan}' and John
Cleves Symmes, for religious purposes, might be
vested in trustees, with power to dispose of them
in such manner as might best secure the fulfill-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ment of the beneyolent intentions of the national
Legislature. To this address each house i-e-
turned a cordial and respectful answer, assuring
the Governor of their general concuiTence in his
views, and of their readiness to co-operate with
him, strenuously, for the ad^jancement of the

common good An act was passed

to confirm and give force to those laws enacted
by the Governor and judges, whose validity had
been doubted.

THE FIRST TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE

Met at Cincinnati, September i6th, 1799, ^^^ '^^~
journed the 19th of December following. An
address was voted to the President of the United
States, expressing the entire confidence of the
Legislature in the wisdom and purity of his ad-
ministration, and their warm attachment to the
American Constitution and Government.

Within a few months after the close of this
session, Connecticut ceded to the United States
her claim of jurisdiction over the eastern part of
the territory ;"upon which the President conveyed
by patent, the fee of the soil to the Governor of
the State, for the use of grantees and purchasers
claiming under her. The same Congress which
made this final arrangement with Connecticut,
passed an act dividing the northwestern territory
into two Govei-nments, by a line drawn from the
mouth of the Kentucky to Fort Recovery, and
thence northward to the territorial line. East of
this line, the Government, already established,
was continued, while west of it, 'another, sub-
stantially , similar, was established. This act
fixed .the seat of the eastern Government at
Chillicothe ; subject, however, to be removed at
the pleasure of the Legislature.

At Chillicothe, therefoi'e, thfe second session of
the Territorial Legislature was held. This was
a shorter session than the preceding, and the
Legislature was less important. ... At
this session, the project of changing the bound-
aries prescribed by the ordinance for the States
to be erected within the territory began to be the
theme of convei^sation.

On the twenty-third of November, 1801, a new
Legislature convened, and this project was re-
sumed. The object was to so change the bound-
aries that the eastern State, when formed, should
be bounded on the west by^ the Scioto river, and
a line drawn from the intersection of that river
with the Indian boundary to the western ex-
tremity of the' Connecticut reserve ; the middle
State, by a line running from the intersection of
the Ohio with the western boundary of George
Rogers Clark's grant to the head of the Chicago,
and by that river to Lake Michigan, to the terri-
torial line and the western State by the Missis-
sippi.

The Constitutional Convention assembled at
Chillicothe on the first day of November, 1802.
. . . The formation of the Constitution was
the work of a little more than three weeks. On
the twenty-seventh day of November it was or-
dered to be engrossed, and on the twenty-ninth
was ratified and signed by the members of the

Convention. It was never referred to the people
for their appi'obation, but became the fundamen-
tal law of the State by the act of the Corivention
alone.

I/oTiJ Crime was Punished in '•'■Ye Olden
Time." — The Territorial form of Government
was even more rigid than that which succeeded
it under the State organization, although the
former was not immediately set aside for a new
code. We can but note that the legislative
enactments were calculated to strike terror into
the heart of the oflfender, and that probably such
laws could not be passed even in a Territory at
this day.

The First Lavj for Whiffing, as a penalty
for crime, was made by Governor St. Clair and
Judges Parsons and Varnum, at Marietta, Sep-
tember 6th, 1787, entitled, "A law respecting
crimes and punishments." Section 11 of the
law provides that when three or more persons,
constituting a mob, commits unlawful acts, and
failing to disperse when ordered to do so, each
offender, upon conviction, "shall be fined in a
sum not exceeding three hundred dollars, and be
whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, and
find security for good behavior for a term not ex-,
ceeding one year. " For a second offense, the
whipping was to be repeated, as well as the fine
and security, and the offender was committed
until the sentence be fully performed.

For breaking into a house, store, shop, or
vessel, in the night season, with the intention of
stealing, the penalty was thirty-nine stripes and
security for good behavior ; in default of securi-
ty, imprisonment not exceeding three years. If
articles be stolen by said burglars, a fine of treble
the amount of their value was to be inflicted,
one-third of the amount to go to the Territory,
the remaining two-thirds to the party injured.
If, in the perpetration of the crime, the burglars
" shall commit or attempt to commit any person-
al abuse, force, or violence, or shall be so armed
with any dangerous weapon or weapons as
cleai-ly to indicate a violent intention, he, she, or
they so oflending, upon conviction thereof, shall
moreover forfeit all his, h*, or their estate, real
and personal, to the Territory, out of which the
party injured shall be recompensed as aforesaid,
and the offenders shall also be committed to any
jail in the Territory for a term not exceeding
forty years. Accordingly, in those days there
was a whipping-post. Every coui"t-house in
Ohio was i-equired to have its yard decorated
with a whipping-post, a pillory, and with stocks,
and each and all of the " cruel and unusual pun-
ishment" for which the court-house yard orna-
ments were to be used was inflicted by the sen-
tence of the law on persons adjudged guilty of
crimes now lightly punished.

Sitting in the -pillory after -whipping. — For
perjury, or refusing to be sworn to a fact, or de-
nying it, knowing it to be true, the penalty was
a fine of sixty dollars, "or be whipped not ex-
ceeding thirty-nine stripes, and shall moreover
be set in the pillory for a space of time not ex-
ceeding two hours." For forgery, besides being

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

compelled to pay double the amount he sought
to defraud, one-half to the party injured, he was
to sit in the pillory for a space not exceeding
three hours. For a'rson, or aiding in the com-
mission of the crime, the penalty was whipping
to the extent of "thirty-nine stripes, put in the
pillory, and there be continued not exceeding
the space of two hours, confined in the jail not
exceeding the space of three years, and forfeit
all his, her, or their estate, real or personal, to
the Territory, out of which real estate, if suffi-
cient, shall be paid to the party injured his full
damage. And in case death should ensue from
such burning, the offender or offenders, on con-
viction, shall suffer the pains of death."

To make children and servants dutiful. — If any
child or servant, contrary to his bounden duty,
shall presume to strike his parent or master,
upon complaint and convictioff befoi^e two jus-
tices of the peace, the offender shall be whipped
not exceeding ten stripes.

Selling into slavery not exceeding seven years.
— For larceny, for the first offense, the restitution
of two-fold value of the thing stolen, or if they
be not recovered, " whipped not exceeding thir-
ty-nine lashes." In case the offender hath not
property, real or personal, wherewith to satisfy .
the sentence of the court, it shall be lawful for
the sherift, by direction of the court, to bind
such person to labor, for a term not exceeding
seven years, to any suitable person who will dis-
charge such sentence."

In the stocks for tearing down hand-bills. — On
the 22d of June, 1791, the Governor and Judges,
then and after using Cincinnati as the Capital
of the Territory, enacted a law punishing the
malicious tearing down or destroying in whole
or in part any copy or transcript of a law of the
Territory or of the United States, or any official
proclamation of the Governor or President, with
fine, which, if not paid, would send the offender
to the stocks for three hours.

After thus providing for the punishment of
crime by placing the offender in the stocks, or
tying him up to the whipping-post and lashing
his bare back with a ftiwhide, it probably occur-
red to the Governor and Judges, as the lawmak-
ers of the Territory, that the laws thus far enact-
ed had made no sufficient provision to carry the
whipping and stocks into immediate effect, and
hence, on the 21st of August, 1792, a law was
passed the title of which is as follows :

"An act directing the building and establish-
ing of a court-house, jail, pillory, whipping-post,
and stocks in every county."

The body of the law makes provision for the
erection of the buildings named, with the orna-
ments of "pillory, whipping-posts, and so many
stocks as may be convenient for the punishment
of offenders," etc. The same day the above law
was passed another law was enacted, entitled
"An act for the better regulation of prisons," the
first section of which provides that in civil or
quitam action, through the insufficiency of the
prison, or the negligence of the sheriff' or jailor,
the prisoner escapes, the sheriff is made liable

for the debt. If the escape was consequent on
the weakness or insufficiency of the jail, the
Court of Common Pleas had power to assess the
damages to the plaintiff on the county in the full
sum for which the escaped prisoner was incar-
cerated, which amount had to be raised by taxa-
tion, to be paid to the sheriff to indemnify him.

"The frauds that were practiced on the coun-
ties, under this law, by collusion between plain-
tiffs and defendants, when no debts were really
due, and when defendants were utterly insolvent,
became so apparent and oppressive that this sec-
tion was repealed. "—[See Ohio Reports, p. 358-]

Legislative enactments, however defective in
form, have ever been intended to secure the ends
of justice ; hence the law maxim, actus legis nulli
facit injuriam. That there were errors in leg-
islation is possibly true, but non omnis error
stultitia est dicenda:" And it is even now held
that "bad grammar does not vitiate the deed."
The science of law, though among the noblest of
sciences, is not wholly devoid of imperfections,
and the members of the profession are not all
immaculate.

OHIO ADMITTED INTO THE UNION.

The facts in regard to this "vexed question"
are compiled from the able paper on the
"Admission of Ohio into the Union, by I. W.
Andrews, President of Marietta College," as re-
produced in the "Annual Report of the Secre-
tary of State to the Governor of Ohio, for the
year 1879."

Of all the twenty-five States that have been
admitted into the Union since the National life
began, on thfe fourth of July, 1776, Ohio is the
only one in regard to whose date of admission
there is any question. When a State has en-
tered the last quarter of its first century, it would
seem that .both the year and the day when its
State life began should be definiteh' known.
The doubt in the case of Ohio shows itself by the
various dates found in historical and other works
from 1803 to the present time.

Among the dates found in different works, are
these : April 28, April 30, June 30, and Novem-
ber 29, 1802 ; the winter of 1802-3, February 19,
March i and March 3, 1803. The first is given
in "Harris's Tour," published in 1805. The
heading of the second part of the book is "State
of Ohio Admitted into the Union by an Act of
Congress, April 28,1802." The second is found
in a note in the United States Statutes at Large,
volume I, p. 2. The third date, June 30, ap-
pears in the Report of the Ninth Census, volume
^•' P- 575- The fourth date, November 29, 1802,
in W. Hickey's edition of the Constitution. The
fifth, February 19, 1803, is given by Caleb At-
water in his history of Ohio, published in 1838.
Mr.E. D. Mansfield gives the same in his Polit-
ical Manual, and so Mr. G. W. Paschal in his
Annotated Constitution. In. Hildreth's History
of the United States we read : "Just as the ses-
sion closed the new State of Ohio took upon
itself the exercise of self-Government, under a
Constitution framed the preceding autumn."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Walker, in his History of Athens County, says :
"Congress assented to the proposed modification,
by act of March 3, 1803, thus completing the
compact, and accepting Ohio as a State." We
have here the seventh date.

For the first and third of the dates above given
— April 28th and June 30, 1802 — I knovvofno
reason that can be assigned. Certainly no act
relating to Ohio was passed April 28th, and on
the 30th of June Congress was not session, hav-
ing adjourned on the 3d Monday of December.
The second date, April 30th, 1802, was that of
the passage by Congress of "an act to enable
the people of the eastern division of the Territory
northwest of the river Ohio, to form a Constitu-
tion and State Government, and for the admis-
sion of such State , into the Union, on an equal
footing with the original States, and for other
purposes." November 29, 1802, was the day on
which the Convention that framed the Constitu-
tion adjourned. The enabling act of Congress
appointed the second Tuesday of October as the
day for the election of delegates to the Conven-
tion ; the first Monday in November as the day
for the Convention to meet. The election was
held and the Convention assembled on the day
specified. The Constitution was not submitted
to the people, and the final adjournment of the
Convention is held by some to be the time of the
State's admission into the Union. The 19th of
February, 1803, is the date of an act of Congress to
"provide for the due execution of the laws of the
United States within the State of Ohio." It was
the first act of Congress which, in anyway, rec-
ognized the State, and, as there was no formal
act of admission, this act of recognition is re-
garded as the virtual act by which the State was
admitted.

The first of March, 1803, was the time when
the first General Assembly met in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution. Perhaps
the historian, Hildreth, did not intend to desig-
nate this as the exact date when Ohio was ad-
mitted, but to indicate that the machinery of the
State Government was put in operation. The
language of Mr. Chase, in the historical sketch
contained in the first volume of his Statutes of
Ohio, is somewhat similar to that of Mr. Walker,
but is not sufficiently definite to warrant us in
saying that he regarded March 3rd as the exact
date of the admission of Ohio.

An enabling act was passed April 30, 1802.
The people, in accordance with it, elected dele-
gates, the Convention was held, and a Constitu-
tion was formed. After the adjournment, the
Constitution was laid before Congress, as also
certain propositions relating to lands within the
State. A committee was appointed in each
House, to whom the papers were referred. The
action in the Senate was as follows :

Resolved, That a committee be appointed to
' inquire whether any, and, if any, what legisla-
tive measure may be necessary for admitting the
State of Ohio into the Union, or for extending to
that State the laws of the United States ; and.

Ordered, That Messrs. Breckenridge, Morris

and Anderson be the committee, and that the
letter signed T. Worthington, given for the State
of Ohio, laid before the Senate this morning, to-
gether with a copy of the Constitution of such
State, be referred to the same committee to con-
sider and report thereon."

This committee was appointed on the 7th of
January, 1803, and on the 19th they made the
following report :

That the people of the eastern division of the
territory northwest of the river Ohio, in pursu-
ance of an act 'of Congress, passed on the 30th
day of April, 1802, entitled, "An act to enable
the people of the eastern division of the territory
northwest of the river Ohio to form a Constitution
and State Government, and for the admission of
such State into the Union, on an equal footing
with the original States, and for other purposes,"
did, on the 29th day of November, 1802, form
for themselves a Constitution and State Govern-
ment. That the said Constitution Bnd Govern-
ment so formed is republican, and in conformity
to the principles contained in the articles of the
ordinance made on the 13th day of July, 1787,
for the government of said Territory ; and that
it is now necessary to establish a District Court
within said State to carry into complete effect the
laws of the United States within the same."

On the 2 1st of January the Senate considered
the report and directed the committee to bring in
a bill. A bill was reported on the 27th, which
was read and ordered to the second reading.
The next day it was read the second time. On
the 31st the Senate resumed the second reading
of the bill, and, an amendment "having been of-
fered, "it was agreed that the further considera-
tion of the bill, together with the proposed amend-
ment, should be the order of the day for Thurs-
day, the 3rd of February." On the 4th of Feb-
ruary the bill was passed to a third reading, and
on the 7th it was read the third time and passed.
The House of Representatives having received
the bill from the Senate, it was read twice on the
8th of February and referred to a committee.
On the 1 2th it was discussed in Committee of the
Whole, reported to the House, then read the
third time and passed. It was approved on the
19th. This being the first act of Congress which
recognized the new State, ir is regarded as the
true date of admission. In the collection of
Charters and Constitutions, compiled by order 01
the United States Senate, and printed in 1877,
the Constitution of a State follows the enabling
act, and then comes the act of admission. In the
case of Ohio, there having been no act of formal
admission, the Constitution, of 1802 is followed
by this act of February 19, 1803, under the head-
ing, "Act recognizing the State of Ohio, 1803."
This act thus takes the place, in the volume of
Charters and Constitutions, of a formal act of ad-
mission ; and a stranger, consulting the work to
ascertain the times when the several States came
into the Union, would necessarily infer that the
date of Ohio was February 19th, 1803. The
question of date of admission in the case of Ohio
is between November 29, 1802, and February

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

19th, 1803. The first is the day of adjournment
of the Convention that formed the Constitution,
and the second is the day when was passed the
first act of Congress in any way recognizing the
State. In the case of every other State Congress
has either passed a distinct and definite act of ad-
mission, dating .from the day of enactment or
from a future day named, or has provided for an
admission on the issue of a proclamation by the
President. Ohio, then, forms a case by itself,
belonging to neither of these classes. Those
who hold that November 29, 1802, is the proper
date lay stress upon the language of the enabling
act of April 30, 1802, and upon the words of the
preamble to the act of February 19, 1803. Let
us examine these two points.

The language of the enabling act is as follows :

"Be it enacted, etc.. That the inhabitants of
the eastern division of the territory northwest of
the river Ohio be, and they are hereby authorized
to form for themselves a Constitution and State
government, and to assume such name as they
shall deem proper, and the said State, when
toi^med. shall be admitted into the Union upon
the same footing with the original States in all
respects whatever."

' This language is not peculiar to the enabling
act of Ohio ; it is in substance the language of
every enabling act passed by Congress from 1802
to the present time. Those of Indiana and Illi-
nois, formed from the same Northwest Territory,
contain the identical words, except the names,
found in, that for Ohio. The act for Indiana
was passed April 19, 18 16, and its Constitution
was formed June 29 ; but the resolution of ad-
mission was passed December 1 1 of the same
year. If Ohio became a State, on the formation
of a Constitution, by virtue of the language of
the enabling act, why did not Indiana? If Ohio
was a State in the Union from the 29th of No-
vember, 1802, was not Indiana a State from the
29th of June, 1816? And was not the resolution
of Congress of December nth, 1816, admitting
Indiana into the Union, wholly useless?

Let us now examine the language of the pre-
amble to the act of February 19, 1803 :

"Whereas, The people of the eastern division
of the territory northwest of the river Ohio did,
on the 29th day of November, 1802, form for
themselves a Constitution and State govern-
ment, and did give to the said State the name of
the 'State of Oiiio,' in pursuance of an act of
Congress entitled, 'An act to enable the people
of the eastern division of the terril()r\- northwest
of the river Ohio to form a Constitution and State
government, and for the admission into the
Uhion on an equal footing with the original
States, and for other purposes,' whereby the said
State has become one of the United States of
America ; in order, therefore,- to provide for the
due execution of the laws of the United States
within the said State of Ohio, be it enacted, etc."

Stress is sometimes laid upon the words of the
preamble of the act of February 19, 1803,
"Whereby the State has become' one of the
United States of America." It will be noted

that the language differs in tense from that res-
pecting the formation of a Constitution : "Where-
as, the people did form a Constitution on the 29th
day of November, 1802, etc., whereby the State
has become one of the United States." Had it
been affirmed that the State did become one of
the United States on the 29th of November, the
question before us would have been different from
what it is now. The language is that it has be-
come— has now become a member of the Union.

The Constitution was iormed at a given time ;
it had been submitted to Congress for examina-
tion ; that examination had been made, and the
Senate committee reported that the several steps
had been properly taken. The laws of the Uni-
ted States could not be extended over Ohio till
it should be recognized in some form. That
recognition was placed in the preamble. It was
a virtual declaration that the Constitution was
republican and in conformity with the ordinance,
and therefore there was no objection to regard-
ing it as a State. The language of the resolu-
tion of the Senate of the 7th of January, when
it instructed its committee "to inquire whether
any, and, if any, what legislative measure may
be necessary for admitting the State of Ohio into
the Union," would seem to be conclusive against
the supposition that the formation of a Constitu-
tion made the State a member ot the Union. If
that action by the Convention was sufficient, un-
der the enabling act of Congress, to introduce
the new State into the Union, then the resolution
of the Senate of the 7th of January was uncalled
for. Whether the steps taken by the people of
the territory, with reference to admission, had
been properly taken or not, was a question which
had not yet been answered. When Congress
should be satisfied in regard to that, then the
date of admisfion might be settled. Congress
had the power, perhaps, to make its action retro-
active, though it has never done so in the case of
a State ; or it might put the time of admission
on some day in the future, as in the case of Ver-
mont and Louisiana ; or it might make the day
of enactment the day of admission, as is the
usual case.

In view of all the facts, we seem to be shut up
to the conclusion that the State of Ohio was not
admitted into the Union on the 29th day of No-
vember, 1802, when the Constitutton was formed,
but on the 19th day of February, 1803, when
Ohio was first recognized as a State by Congress.
It has already been stated that, in the Charters
and Constitutions compiled under an order of the
United States Senate, this act of the 19th of
February, under the title, "An act recognizing
the State of Ohio, 1803," occupies the same
place in the arrangement of the work which is
given in other States to the act of admission.

It is proper to state, also, that I made inquiry
at the State Department, at Washington, and
received the following memorandum :

"Enabling act of Congress for formation 01
the State of Ohio was approved April 30, 1802."
[See Statutes at Large, vol. II, p. 173.]

" 'An act to provide for the due examination

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

of the laws of the United States within the State
of Ohio,' was approved February 19, 1803. By
this act Ohio was admitted into the Union.'" —
[Statutes at Large, vol. II, p. 201.]

We may infer, then, that the Department of
State of the General Government recognizes the
nineteenth of February, 1803, as the date of the
admission of Ohio into the Union.

On the first day of March, 1803, the General
Assembly convened at Chillicothe. Their first
case, of course, was to adapt the statute law of
the territory to the new state of things introduced
by the Constitution. With this view several
laws were passed. The State courts were or-
ganized, their jurisdiction defined, and their
practice, in some degree, regulated. * * *

MUSKINGUM COUNTY.

[Chase's Statutes of Ohio, vol. Ill, p. 2,101,
chap. ccc,xlix]. An act to establish the coun-
ty of Muskingum.

Section i. Be it enacted, etc.. That so
much of the counties of Washington and Fair-
field as comes within the following boundaries,
be and the same is hereby erected into a separate
and distinct county, which shall be known by the
name of Muskingum, to wit: beginning at the
northwest corner of the ninth township, in the
ninth range of the United States military lands,
thence with the western boundary line of said
range, south to the southern boundary line of
said military lines, thence with the same west to
the western boundary line of the fifteenth range
of public lands, thence with the said line south
to the southwest . corner of the sixteenth town-
ship of the fifteenth range, thence eastwardly to
the south boundary of the sixteenth township
till it intersects the west boundary of the twelfth
range, thence with the sectional lines east to the
western boundary line to the seventh range,
thence with the same north to the northeast cor-
ner of the military tract, thence with the north
boundary line of the tenth township in the first and
second ranges of said military lands, west until
intersected by the Indian boundary lirie, thence
with same westwardly to the place of beginning.

Sec. 2. That from and after the the first day
of March next, said county shall be vested with
all the powers, privileges and immunities of a
separate and distinct county ; Provided, always,
that all actions and suits which may be pending
on the said first day of March next, shall be pros-
ecuted and carried into final judgment and execu-
tion, and all taxes, fees, fines and forfeitures,
which shall then be due, shall be collected in the
same manner as if this act had never been passed.

Sec. 3. That the temporary seat of justice
of said county, shall be at the town of Zanes-
ville, until the permanent seat shall be fixed ac-
cording to law.

Sec. 4. This act shall commence and be in
force from and after the first day cf March
next. Elias Langham,

Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Nathaniel Massie,
January 7, 1804. Speaker of the Senate.

The transition from Territory to State, and the
subdivision of the State into counties for judicial
purposes, as we have seen, necessitated changes
in the law adapting them to the new order of
government. This began at Chillicothe in 1803,
and it was found necessary to revise the law still
further ; accordingly, at the session of the Legisla-
ture of 1809-10, the laws were a second time re-
vised. Seven years had now elapsed since the
first session of the Legislature, and the question
was agitated whether a new and general election
of Judges ought to take place. On the one
side it was contended that the original appoint-
ments were for the term of seven years, and that
those who had been elected to fill a vacancy
were elected for the term of seven years and en-
titled to hold office for that time, unless consti-
tutionally removed. In support of this con-
struction, the law regulating commissions was
cited, and it was shown that the constant
practice had hitherto been to commission every
newly elected Judge for the full term. A reso-
lution, however, was adopted, adopting the first
construction and extending its principles to the
offices of Auditor, Secretary and Treasurer of
State. This resolution, in effect, declared all
judicial offices vacant, and the Legislature pro-
ceeded to elect. Judges of the Supreme Court
and of the different courts of Common Pleas.
* * * * TYye same Legislature reduced the
number of Judges of the Supreme Court, which
had beeen increased to four in 1809, to three.
The effect of this act was to depi-ive the Judge,
who had been duly elected and commissioned in
1809, of his seat upon the bench.

These acts of the Legislature produced much
confusion in the judiciarj'. Most of the Judges
thought the construction of the constitution er-
roneous, and some refused to acknowledge its
obligation. Some who held unreprieved com-
missions and had been again elected, refused to
accept their new commissions and claimed their
seats by virtue of the old. These claims occa-
sioned divisions in the several courts, by which
the administration of justice was delayed, and
often prevented. The Legislature, however, did
not retrace their steps, and, in time, acquiescence
in the revolution was produced — became gen-
eral ; but the construction then given to the con-
stitution has never since been acted on.

JVDICIAL system of OHIO.

Ohio had borrowed a judicial system from
Pennsylvania, and grouping several counties
in "a circuit," assigned to it one President
Judge. He was required to be a lawyer,
and was elected by the State Legislature.
That body also chose from amongst the
electors of each county three citizens, not law-
yers, and called them Associate Judges. The
President and two Associates made a quorum.
In the absence of the President, the three Asso-
ciates could sit as a court. Special sessions
could be held as often as needed by the Associ-
ates, and they disposed of the great body of the
ordinary work now done in probate courts.

5°

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The State, in 1804, embraced three circuits.
The second contained Adams, Fairfield, Frank-
lin, Gallia, Muskingum, Ross, and Scioto coun-
ties, and the 25th of April was by law named for
the beginning of the first term of Common Pleas
Court in Muskingum county, being the third
Monday in the month. Common Pleas Judges
were appointed by the Legislature for the term
of seven years or during good behavior. [See
Constitution of 1802, Art. 3, S 8.] This was
changed to five years by the Constitution of 1852,
Art. 4, § 10.

The Supreme Court consisted of three Judges,
and was required to hold one term each year in
each county, and the said third Monday, April
25th, 1804, was fixed for the beginning of the
first term, but no record of such a session has
been found. Muskingum was transferred to the
Third circuit by the act of February 22, 1805.
This circuit was composed of Belmont, Colum-
biana, Jefferson, Trumbull, and Washington
counties.

Common Pleas Court. — The only account of
the inauguration of this court is given in the old
record entitled "Judgments" (in the Clerk's
office), and appears on a space left blank be-
tween pages 133 and 134, which probably occur-
red by turning two leaves instead of one. It
seems to be in the handwriting of Abel Lewis.
This view is sustained by the fact that Mr. Lewis
was then Clerk of our courts. The record reads
as follows :

"At a special court held on the day of

-, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight

hundred and four, at the house of David Harvey,
Esquire, in ZanesviUe, in and for the county of
Muskingum, it being the first court held in said
county. Present, the Honorable Willis Silliman,
Esquire, Pi-esident ; and Jesse Fulton and David
Harvey, Esquires, his associate Judges of the
Court of Common Pleas of said county. Ap-
pointed Abel Lewis Clerk fro tern, of said court,
who gave bond and was sworn into the oflice
aforesaid by the said Honorable Willis Silliman,
Esquire, according to law and the Constitution
of the State of Ohio."

Calvin Pease became the first President Judge.
Although he had been some years on the bench,
he was only twenty-seven years old ; a New
Englander, sharp, energetic, and witty. He re-
sided in Trumbull county, and " administered
the law to all the inhabitants of the State east of
the Muskingum river," and performed his duties
"with much ability and integrity." He ceased
to hold this office at the close of 1807, but be-
came one of the Judges of the Supreme Court
of the State in 1816, and at the same time John
McLean (who for so many years adorned the
bench of the highest national 'court) was chosen
a member of the same court.

The first petit jury in Muskingum Common
Pleas Court was composed as follows :

I. William Montgomery; 2. Isaac Prior; 3.
John Reasoner ; 4. Joseph Neff"; 5. Thomas Cor-
dray ; 6. David Herron ; 7. William Dusenberry ;
8. William Reasoner ; 9. Daniel Campbell ; 10.

Joseph Stolts; 11. David Enslow. The twelfth
man did not appear. The record is not signed,
so that who presided at this court does not ap-
pear ; it was probably Judge Belt, who resided
near or west of the Scioto, as the most populous
part of his circuit was Ross county, which had
a large influence in the Legislature by which he
must have been elected.

THE CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT HAVE BEEN :

Abel Lewis, from 1805 to i8i2.
John C. Stockton, 1812 to 1817.
Daniel Chambers, 1817 to 1821.
John Peters, fro tern., 182 1.
Ezekiel T. Cox, 182 1 to 1828.
John Wilson, Jr., 1828 to 1834.
Ezekiel T. Cox, 1834 to 1852.

CLERKS OF THE COMMON PLEAS.

Abel Lewis, 1804 to 1812.

John C. Stockton, 1812 to 1817.

David Chambers, 1817 to 1821.

John Peters, fro tern., 182 1.

Ezekiel T. Cox, 182 1 to 1828.

John Wilson, Jr., 1828 to 1834.

Ezekiel T. Cox, 1834 to 1841.

George W. Manypenny, 1841 to 1846.

Anthony Wilkins, 1846 to 1852.

Charles C. Russell, (resigned) 1852 to 1864.

John Hoopes, 1864 to 1867.

Gemmill Arthur, (resigned) 1867 to 1870.

George W. Blocksom, _^r(? tern., 1870.

Edgar W. Allen, 1870 to 1873.

Frederick W. Geiger, 1873 to 1879.

Howard Aston, (incumbent) 1879.

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS FROM THE BEGINNING.

Lewis Cass, 1804 to 1812,

Samuel Herri ck, 181 2 to 18 18.

John C. Stockton, 1818 to 1820.

Richard Stillwell, 1820 to 1837.

Wilhs Buel, (April) 1837 to 1839.

Cautiqus C. Covey, (April to November) 1839.

Napoleon A. Guille, 1839 to 185 1.

WiUiam H. Ball, (resigned in April) 1851 to

1853.

John O'Neill, 1S53 to 1856.

John C. Hazlett,'i856 to 1861.

John llavncs, 1861 to 1864.

Lymiui J. Jackson, 1864 to 1866.

Moses M. Granger (January to December)
1866.

Albert W. Train, 1866 to 1868.

Milton I. Southard, (resigned) 1868 to 1872.

Daniel B. Gary, 1872 to 1874.

Albion Andrews, 1874 to 1878.

John R. Stonesipher, 1878 to 1880.

Fenton Bagley, (incumbent) 1880-1882.

COMMON PLEAS JUDGES FROM THE BEGINNING.

Willis Silliman, April term, 1804.
Levin Belt, June 6, 1804 to 1805.
Robert F. Slaughter, March term, 1805.
Calvin Pease, August term, 1805.
Samuel Huntington, October 3d, 1805.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

[It is claimed that Calvin Pease served until
1808].

William Wilson, 1808 to 1822.

Alexander Harper, 1822 to 1836.

Con-ington W. Searle, 1836 to 1846.

Richard Stillwell, 1847 to 1851, (Oct. 17.)

Corrington W. Searle, from Oct. 17, 185 1, to
Feb. 9, 1852.

Richard Stillwell, from 1852 to Sept. 16, 1854.

John E. Hanna, Sept. 16, 1854, to Oct. 20,
1854.

Charles C. Convers, Oct. 20, 1854, to Oct.
19. 1855.

Corrington W. Searle, Oct. 19, 1855, to Oct.
,25, 1856.

LuciusP. Marsh, Oct. 25,1856, to Feb. 9, 1862.

Ezra E. Evans, Feb. 9, 1862, to Dec. 10, 1866.

Moses M. Granger, Dec. 10, 1866, to Oct. 9,
1871.

Frederick W. Wood, August 13, 1869, to
Aug. 3, 1874.

William H. Frazier, Oct. 9, 1871, to Aug. 3,
1874.

Lucius P. Marsh, Aug., 1874.

Wm. H. Ball, Nov, 19, 1878.

Wm. H. Frazier, Oct. 10, 1876.

The following is a list of Associate Judges,
Common Pleas Court, and who were permitted
to engage in any other business during their term
of office :

David Harvey, William Wells, John Campbell,
commissioned in February, 1804.

The resignation of William Wells, before tak-
ing his seat, created a vacancy which was filled
by the appointment of Jesse Fulton, March 15,

1804. Dalvid Harvey resigned June 19, 1804,
and on the 29th of that month Richard McBride
was appointed to fill the vacancy. John Camp-
bell resigned Dec. 4, 1804, and Dec. 13, 1804,
Giles Hempstead was appointed. February 7,

1805, the Legislature elected Jesse Fulton, Rich-
ard McBride and Seth Carhart.

David Harvey, Feb. 17, 1804, to June 17, 1804,

Wm. Wells, Feb. 18, 1804, to Feb. 25, 1804.

John Campbell, Feb. 20, 1804, to Dec. 4, 1804.

Jesse Fulton, March 15, 1804, to 1805.

Richard McBride, 1804-1813.

Giles Hempstead, 1804-1805.

Seth Carhart, 1805, did not accept.

WilHam Mitchell, 1805-1815.

David Findlay, 1813-1820.

Stephen C. Smith ,1815-1818.

Daniel Stillwell, 1815-1822.

Robert Mitchell, 1818-1833.

John Reynolds, 1820- 182 2.

Robert McConnell, 1822-1827.

David Young, 1822-1823.

Thomas Ijams, 1823-1830.

Edwin Putnam, 1827-1842.

Mathew McElhuneey, 1830-1837.

WiUiam Blocksom, 1833-1840.

James JeffrieSj 1837-1844.

William Cooper, 1840-1847.

Jacob P. Springer, 1842-1852.

Horatio.J. Cox, 1844-1852.

William Reed, 1847-1852.

The office 01 Associate Judge was abolished
by the Constitution in 185 1, and much of the
business formerly transacted by the Common
Pleas Court was transferred, by the Constitution
of 1852, to the Probate Court, which was organ-
ized under this Constitution.

PROBATE JUDGES.

The following is a list of the Probate Judges
from the beginning to the present :

Mahlon Sims, 1852 to 1858, two terms.

Wm. T. Mason, 1858 to 1864, two terms.

R. W. P. Muse, 1864 to 1870, two terms.

Henry L. Korte, 1870 to 1873, one term.

Reuben H. Morgan, 1873 to 1875, one term,
resigned.

Henry L. Korte, 1875 to 1876, unexpired term.

Henry L. Korte, 1876 to 1879, one term.

Henry L. Korte, 1879 ^° i^^^-

COURT HOUSES.

Our first court was held in David Harvey's
tavern, situate on the southwest corner of Third
and Main streets, in Zanesville. Court was sub-
sequently held in a two-story log house on Sixth
street (West Side), about one hundred feet south
of Main street. The building was owned by one
James Herron.

The first court house was a frame structure
•20x55, two stones high. The lower story was
used for the jailer's residence, the upper story for
court and other purposes. The jail was built ad-
joining, of hewed logs, squared and lined with
three inch plank. The'lower story was for crim-
inals, the upper for debtors. The court house
and jail were under one roof. The contract for
building was let to Henry Ford, for the sum of
$480, January 25, 1808. The Commissioners
signing the contract were Henry Newell, Jacob
Goihber and Daniel Stillwell — the latter protest-
ing against paying such an extravagant price for
a public building. Benjamin Tupper, Clerk, also
signed the contract. Ford's securities were Dr.
Increase Mathews, Peter Speck and John
Levens. These buildings were burned down
April 3d, 1814, by a fugitive slave from Ken-
tucky ; being confined in the jail he attempted to
burn the lock off the door, but the fire became
unmanageable, the buildings burned, and the ne-
gro was taken out almost suffocated. The citi-
zens were very indignant, and some would have
thrust the fellow back and burned him, but he
escaped.

"As early as' 1807-8 the subject of the removal
of the capital 'was agitated, and at the session of
1808-9 ^^^ Muskingum delegation in the General
Assembly, reinforced by a committee of the citi-
zens of Zanesville, headed by John Mclntire,
petitioned the Legislature to remove the capital
to Zanesville, setting forth that the county of
Muskingum would, at its own expense, furnish
suitable buildings for the Legislature and State
offices, and received assurances that if they would
do this a law granting their wishes would be
passed making Zanesville the "temporary capi-
tal." Our people believed that the Capital once

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

here would remain. Public spirited citizens
loaned the money, and the county built what has
been so well known among us as "Old 1809."

STATE HOUSE.

During the summer of 1809 the main build-
ing, which was intended for the Legislature,
was put up, but not finished. The contract was
awarded April loth, 1809, to Joseph Munro,
Daniel Convers, John Williamson and James
Hampson for $7,500, to be completed by Decem-
ber I, 18 ID. James Hampson was appointed
Superintendent. The County Commissioners is-
sued six $1,000 bonds and one $1,500 bond ; the
first payable three months after the contract was
awarded, the remainder to be paid quarterly,
$1,000 each payment until the $6,000 were paid,
and the balance of $1,500 iq six months after
that. These bond^ were signed by John Mcln-
tire, Jeffrey Price, Hugh Hazlett, Wyllis Silli-
man, Robert Fulton and others. The contract
was "sold" by William Reynolds at public sale.
The Commissioners were William Newell, Jacob
Gomber and Daniel Stillwell. Benjamin Tup-
per. Clerk of the Court, signed the contract on
the part of the county.

The offices for Secretary of State and State
Treasurer . — The contract for building these of-
fices was awarded to James Hampson and Joseph
Cairens for $920 ; the specifications — for a brick
building 28x24 and ten feet high, walls fourteen
inches thick, fire-proof vault, for Treasurer's of-
fice. The contract was let April loth, and to be
finished December ioth,i8io. The money, as
in the foregoing case, was furnished by citizens.
In this case they formed a stock company, and
were incorporated and called "The Court House
and County Office Stock Company." The shares
were fifty dollars each. John Mclntire was
President and Robert Fulton Treasurer. The
money borrowed by the Commissioners was not
repaid until 1823,

Notwithstanding these efforts of the county
and town, although the Legislature assembled
here early in December, 1809, it was not until
the 19th day of February, 1810, that the act was
passed locating the seat of Government at Zanes-
ville, as will be seen by the following :

[Ohio Laws, vol. 8, p. 220, chap, i.viii.] —
"An act fixing the temporary seat of Govern-
ment at Zanesville :

Section i. Be it enacted by the General As-
sembly of the State of Ohio, That the seat of
Government be, and the same is' hereby fixed,
and shall remain at Zanesville until otherwise
provided by law.

This act shall take effect and be in force from
and after the first day of October next."
Edward Tiffin,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Duncan McArthur,
Feb. 19, 1810. Speaker of the Senate.

But the hope of Zanesville and Muskingum,
that "once here it would remain," was not even

allowed more than a day's existence, for an act
was passed next day, February 20, 1810, [See
Chase's Statutes, vol. i, p. 699,] providing for
the election by the Legislature, by ballot, of five
commissioners, whose duty it should be to locale
the permanent Capital, in a place "not more than
forty miles from what may be deemed the com-
mon center of the State, to be ascertained by
Mansfield's map." And these commissioners
were ordered to meet at Franklinton, on Sep-
tember 1st, 1810. Thus it was known that one
month before Zanesville could be even the tem-
porary Capital, the duty of selecting the spot for
the permanent Capital would probably be com-
pleted, and that Zanesville could not be that spot ;
for the central point of an east and west line
across Ohio, passing through Zanesville, is the
west line of Licking county, a point forty-two
miles distant, at the very least, from our city —
while the fact that the geographical center of the
State being north of that line, increased the dis-
tance and left no room for hope unless the second
act could be repealed.

The county and town were pledged, however ;
their honor was involved — and in fulfillment of
their pledge, the court house was completed
in the summer of 1810; and, also, a smaller
building for the use of the Secretary- of State
and State Treasurer. The latter stood just
north of the west door of the present court
house. By direction of the Legislature all its
books, papers, etc., were committed to George
Jackson, John Mclntire, Wyllis Silliman, Rob-
ert-McConnel, and David J. Marple, for transpor-
tation from Chillicothe to Zanesville.

On the 3d of December 1810, the first session
of the Ninth General Assembly was held in
Zanesville ; they met in "old 1809," and chose
Epward Tiffin Speaker of the House and
Thomas Kirk Speaker of the Senate. The
House occupied the room so long used by our
Court of Common Pleas ; the Senate sat in the
larger room in the second story, afterwards
known as "the old Senate Chamber."

The tenth session of the General Assemby
was begun in Zanesville, December 2d, 181 1. At
this session a proposition was made, conditioned
on the removal of the seat of government for the
State Capital to a ascertain locality more central,
which will be found embodied in the following
act, taken from Chase's Statutes, page 776,
chapter cclxiii :

"An act fixing and establishing the permanent
and temporary seats of government. [Ohio
Laws, chapters 172 and 237.]

Section i. Be it enacted, etc.. That the
proposals made to this Legislature by Alexander
McLaughlin, John Kerr, Lyne Starling, and
James Johnston (to lay out a town on their
lands, situate on the east bank of the Scioto
river, opposite Franklinton, in the county of
Franklin, and parts of half sections number
nine, ten, eleven, twenty-five and twenty-six,
for the purpose of having the permanent seat of
government thereon established ; also to convey

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

to this State a square often acres and a lot of
ten acres, and to erect a State House, such of-
fices and penitentiary as shall be directed by the
Legislature), are hereby accepted, and the same
and their penal bond annexed thereto, dated the
tenth day day of February, one thousand eight
hundred and twelve, conditioned for their faith-
ful performance of said proposals, shall be valid
to all intents and purposes, and shall remain in
the office of the Treasurer of State, there to be
kept for the use of the State.

Sec. 2. That the seat of government of this
State be, and the same is hereby fixed and per-
manently established on the land aforesaid, and
the Legislature shall commence their sessions
thereat on the first Monday of December, one
thousand eight hundred and seventeen, and
there continue until the first Monday in Ma}',
one thousand eight hundred and forty, and from

thence until otherwise provided by law.

********

Sec. 5. That said McLaughlin, Kerr, Star-
ling and Johnston shall on or before the first day
of July next ensuing, at their own expense, cause
the town aforesaid to be laid out and a plat of
the same recorded in the Recorder's office in
Franklin county, distinguishing thereon the
square and lot by them conveyed to the State ;
and they shall, moreover, transmit a certified copy
thereof to the next Legislature for their inspec-
tion.

Sec. 6. That from and after the first day of
May next, Chillicothe shall be the temporary
seat of government until otherwise provided by
law. Passed February 14, 1812."

Zanesville's last Legislature did what it could
to supply a designation, inasmuch as the spot
opposite Franklinton, proposed by the petitioners
named in the foregoing act as the site for the
State Capital had no name; Resolved, "That
the town to be laid out at the high bank on the
east side of the Scioto river, opposite the town
of Franklinton, for the permanent seat of gov-
ernment of this State, shall be known and desig-
nated by the name of "Columbus."

From October i, 1810 to May i, 1812, one
year and seven months, Zanesville flourished as
the State Capital and then resumed the modest
dignities of the county seat. While the Legisla-
ture was here the courts sat in the frame build-
ing of 1808 ; after the Capital returned to Chilli-
cothe the "State House" became the "County
Court House," and served as such until Septem-
ber, 1874, when it gave way for the present ele-
gant structure.

In accordance with sundry acts of the Legis-
lature, ranging from 1869 to 1872, the County
Commissioners exercised the power thus vested
in them and advertised for bids for building the
new court house. September 3d, 1874, the'
bids were opened, ten of which were' for the en-
tire work, and sundry bids for "particular kinds
of work. [See Commissioners' Journal, March
I, 1873, p. 87.] September 4th, 1874, the com-
missioners let the contract for the entire work to

T. B. Townsend for $221, 657 — the lowest bid.
The architect's estimate was $240,205.67. Mr.
Townsend gave bond for $100,000, with J. Bur-
gess and G. W. Townsend as sureties for the
performance of the contract within 24 months
from November i, 1874. As might have been
expected, the details in specifications in a work
of this kind could not be made perfect — where
expectations had been so raised — the people hav-
ing been made to think of metropolitan appear-
ances— having the Capital located here, could
not easily descend to the consideration of an
order of architecture other than of State House
proportions. And yet, notwithstanding the dis-
appointment in regard to this matter, and the in-
creased expenditure to complete the new court
house amounting to $1,403.02, the elegance and
substantial character of the building abundantly
compensate for the outlay.

The County Commissioners leased to the
Zanesville Atheneum, the land joining "the old
1809" on the east, for library purposes for the
term of "one thousand years," and, therefore,
when their successors determined the site of the
present court house it was found necessary to
compromise with the representatives of the Athe-
neum. This was amicably arranged, the county
paying the representatives of the Zanesville
Atheneum the sum of six thousand five hundred
and seventy-five dollars, in consideration of
which t|ie ground occupied by the Atheneum
was vacated and the possession released to the
county.

Lots 5, 6, 7 and 8, in square 12, plat of Zanes-
ville, recorded on page 28, Book A, are "appro-
propriated to other public uses," by which is
meant county purposes — the county having oc-
cupied them since the appropriation — except a
fraction of sixty feet square, being the northwest
corner of said tract, which the city was permit-
ted to erect buildings upon ; and which the county
rented of the city for some years, and when the
County Commissioners decided to take posses-
sion of the lots bounded on the north by Fountain
Alley, south by Main street, west by Fourth
street, and east by Court Alley, for a public
square, the sum of eight thousand dollars was
given to the city to quitclaim their right, title
and interest to all and singular — the appurten-
ances and buildings situated on said northwest
corner of said tract. The record referred to
does not exhibit John Mclntire's act of appro-
priation, but it is so construed — since the plat
containing the lots enumerated was recorded in
Washington county April 29, 1802 ; and the
right of the county to possess the lots as afore-
said has not been disputed.

The dedication of the new court house took
place on the first of May, 1877, with appropriate
ceremonies and addresses by distinguished citi-
and as the members of the bar who par-

zens ;

ticipated are amongst the the most honored and
honorable of the profession, their contributions
on that occasion have been assigned to the bar
record proper, which is greatly enhanced in
interest thereby.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

JAILS.

The first Muskingum county jail, constructed
of logs in 1806-7, continued in use until a new
one, with the sheriff's residence attached, was
completed and turned over to the County Com-
missioners January i, 1824. This was a brick
building 46x40, two stories high. The walls of
that portion containing cells were twenty-two
inches thick ; that of the sheriff's residence
eighteen-inch walls. The upper story of the jail
was for debtors, and the lower story for crimi-
nals. The contract in those days for such build-
ings ■vyere let by vendue or auction ; the sale of
this contract took place August 12, 1822, and
was bid in by J.ames Hampson, through his act-
ing agent, Simeon Wright. Tne price agreed
upon was $5,599; and the conditions, that the
building should be completed b^ January i , 1824.
Mr. John Bui-well was the first sheriff to occupy
the new building. On the night of the i6th of
March, 1824, five prisoners escaped. Mr. Bur-
well offered a reward of $15.00 for the return of
the prisoners and their hopples. One of them
repented and returned to the prison, and gave
information respecting the tools which had been
handed into them to enable them to make their
escape. The hopples were found on Putnam
Hill and returned.

In 1845 John Goshen, Robert Boggs and
Littleton Moore, County Commissioners, found
the old brick jail too insecure to hold prisoners.
They advertised for bids for the construction of
a new jail to be built of stone, to be laid in regu-
lar courses, with sixteen cells for prisoners, con-
structed in two tiers. The contract was let April
15th, 1845, and finished in October, 1846. It
was awarded to Hugh Madden for $7,975.
This jail gave way to the present building, which
stands farther east, and was let to Mr. T. B.
Townsend and Mr. M. Clements. The former
to construct all but the inside iron work, and re-
ceive $8,500. [See Commissioners Joui-nal,
1874, pags 102.] The latterto construct the in-
side iron work and to receive $16,527. [See
Commissioners Journal, 1875, page 193.] The
total cost of the present jail being $25,027.

The Whiffing host. — -The first stood on a
small mound near the jail built in 1806. The
last of these ornaments to decorate the court
house yard was in vogue as late as 181 1. April
II, of this year, the County Commissioners in-
structed Jacob Crooks, Sheriff', to build a whip-
ping post upon the small Indian mound alluded
to at the southeast corner of the old log jail.
This mound was subsequently removed, when, a
skeleton, some flint arrow heads and a stone
hatchet were found. The bones crumbled on
being exposed to the air.

The Dedication of the New Court House. — A
memorable event in the history of "old Mus-
kingum" afforded an opportunity to review the
past, consider the present and forecast the future,
and we but utter a common sentiment in saying
that the efforts put forth on that occasion were
creditable alike to the heads and hearts of those

who participated. The ceremonies of the dedi-
cation were held in the courtroom. May i, 1877,
and in exemplification of what has been said,
portions of the several addresses are reproduced.

Mr. E. E. Fillmore said : "The year 1.874 saw
the venerable structure, which for moi^e than two
generations had afforded room for our courts,
demolished. Immediately after was laid the
foundation of this building ; and now, in this
year of our Lord, 1877, the long hoped for noble
structure is finished ; a credit to our city ; a credit
to Muskingum county, and the State of Ohio, —
and to-day we have met for the purpose of dedi-
cating this temple of justice to the uses for which
it was designed."

The County Commissioners then; by Frank H.
Southard, made presentation of the building to
the people of the county. He closed a very neat
speech with these words : "In the name, then,
and on behalf of our Commissioners, Mr. O'Neill,
I now tender to the bar and public, through you
as their representative, this structure, and pray
its acceptance."

This was responded to by Hon. John O'Neill,
in accepting the building on behalf of the bar
and public. Address of Mr. O'Neill, in part,
was as follows :

"As the President of the Bar Association, and
at their request, it is at once my privilege and
pleasure to respond to the address in which you
have been pleased, on behalf of the County Com-
missioners of old Muskingum, to present in such
elegant and flattering terms their compliments
and these magnificent halls of justice to the courts
and bar of Muskingum. The members of the
Muskingum bar, with whom I have had the for-
tune and the honor of associating for more than
a quarter of a centmy, have not improperly, per-
haps, imposed upon me the duty of accepting
this splendid present, and of tendering appropri-
ate thanks to the Commissioners and the good
people of the county for the erection of the
superb and commodious edifice which we this
day dedicate to public uses.

Human language can but feeblj^ express the
sentiments of pride and satisfaction our associa-
tion feel in contemplating this new arena of our
future combats, or the thanks they most cordially
extend,, through me, to the Commissioners and to
the people for that generous spirit of liberality
which has given to Muskingum county a court
house worthy of her wealth and charact-er, and
not beneath the dignity and fame which her bar
at one time, at least, possessed.

Like the Phoenix from its ashes, this magnifi-
cent temple rises above the ruins of its predeces-
sor, which seemed to grow more venerable in
decay and dearer to memory as it vanished from
our view. The State House of Ohio, in the days
of her young renown, and in after years the the-
atre in which the intellectual gladiators of the
profession grappled each other and struggled for
the victors wreath on bloodless fields ; the old
court house of Muskingum county bears memo-
ries sacred as those that cluster around the an-
cient fields of military fame. Here, in humbler

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

apartments than these proud halls in which we
delight to-day, the Casss, the Sillimans, the
Culbertsons, the Herricks, the Harpers, the
Stanberys, the Stillwells, the Converses, the
Searles and the Goddards, went down in defeat
or rose in triumph with the vicissitudes of foren-
sic warfare. With the memory of their intellect-
ual conflicts will be forever associated the mental
photograph of the old court house that witnessed
these marvelous "battles of the giants."

The people of Muskingum county have shown,
by the erection of this magnificent structure, that
they are not behind their contemporaries in the
appliances of civilized life, nor in the culture,
taste and love of order which mark the develop-
ment and pi^ogress of civilized man.

Whatever may be said derogatory to the pro-
fession of the law, and we willingly concede and
regret its imperfections, it must ever be regarded
as a responsible, arduous, honorable, glorious
calling. Its members have ever stood forth the
champions of liberty, the terror of tyrants, the
advocates of truth, the props of Governments,
the refuge of the weak and the shield of inno-
cence. As the intellectual is superior to the
brute force in man, so is the legal guild of a na-
tion more powerful than her bannered armies.
Genuine civil liberty can exist in no land where
the soldier out ranks the lawyer — where the
laurels of Caesar do. not yeld to the tongue of
Tully.

Let us by incessant industry and devotion to
duty continue to maintain the integrity, the dig-
nity and the honor of our profession. Let us
shrink, as we would shun contagion, from every
unworthy and dishonest practice that would tend
to degrade our grand and noble calling. Let no
act of ours put a stain upon the escutcheon of
the Muskingum County Bar or cast a shadow
athwart the fair fame our predecessors at this
bar have transmitted to us to guard and defend.
So shall we win the respect and admiration of
all honorable men and leave to those who shall
come after us the legacy of a good example arid
untarnished honor."

Hon. M. M. Granger said: ["Muskingum
County ; its Courts and Bar."] "The year 1876
has accustomed us to inquiry touching the occur-
rences of one hundred years ago.

In the spring of 1777, as you all know, the
British Ministry were hastening the preparation
for the invasion of New York trom Canada by
'the army of Burgoyne, and Washington was
planning how to assemble north of Albany a force
sufficient to defeat that invasion. The minds of
the England and America of that day were in-
tent upon Lake Champlain and the sources of
the Hudson. Few white men then knew of the
existence of our river Muskingum. The outer
edge of the English settlements touched no foot
of Ohio soil. A rude fort stood at Wheeling ; a
more military work at Pittsburgh commanded
the junction of the Alleghany and Monongehela
rivers, but these outposts were separated, by
many miles of forest and mountain, from what
could be called the settled districts. Neither our

city, or county, nor our State, existed one hundred
years ago. So far as this portion of the earth
then possessed any political limits or organiza-
tion it formed a part of the province of Canada,
which, according to the "Quebec Act," passed
by the English Parliament in October, 1774, in-
cluded all the territory north of the Ohio and
east of the Mississippi, as well as what is now
the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is
popularly supposed that what is now Ohio be-
longed to Virginia and was ceded by her to the
United States. I believe, however, that an ex-
amination of title will result in a conviction that
Virginia had no valid title to any land north of
the Ohio river, except such little as resulted from
the assent of the United States to Virginia's
"reservation" of the tract lying between the
rivers Scioto and Little Miami, known as "The
Virginia Military District."

In 1758 Queen Elizabeth gave the first
English patent for land in America to Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert, who upon establishing a planta-
tion within six years from the date of the patent,
was to own sole jurisdiction over the territory
embraced within six hundred miles of said plan-
tation. Gilbert failed to establish any settlement,
although he tried to do so in what is now Nova
Scotia.

And the first English State paper applicable to
our Ohio and Muskingum history was a 'proc-
lamation issued soon after this treaty, by which
' all the country beyond the Alleghanies' was
shut against emigrants, "from fear that remote
colonies would claim the independence which
their position would favor ;" as wrote Lord Bar-
rington : "The country to the westward of our
frontiers, quite to the Mississippi, was intended
to be for the Indians to hunt in and inhabit."

The 'Qubec Act,' before referred to, passed
in October, 1774, eleven years after England
first owned "northwest of the Ohio," as I have
said, made the Ohio the southern boundary 01
Canada. By the treaty of 1783 England ceded
to the United States all the land south of the
lakes and east of the Mississippi, and thus, prior
to Virginia's deed of cession, our nation was the
lawful owner of every foot of land on our side ot
the Ohio river. Like a prudent farmer, how-
ever, the United States, finding that Massachu-
setts, Connecticut and Virginia claimed title to
parts, or the whole of it, (and the claims of the
New England States were every whit as valid as
that of Virginia), while other States also made
claims, took deeds of cession from all, and thus
"quieted her title."

Ohio and the northwest were won for the na-
tion by national armies commanded by Wash-
ington and his generals and by the diplomacy 01
Franklin and Adams, supported by the patriot
people of the United States. On July 13, 1787,
the Continental Congress passed an ordinance
for the government of the territory northwest 01
the Ohio. This contained the celebrated prohi-
bition of slavery which formed the foundation 01
the policy of freedom. On August 7, 1789, the
first Congress, under the constitution, substanti-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ally re-enacted the ordinance of 1787, and organ-
ized ' The Northwest Territory,' which was
governed for thirteen years by Arthur St. Clair,
an emigrant from Scotland, who had served as
a general officer through our Revolutionary war.
By act of April 30, 1802, a State organization,
embracing what is now Ohio, was authorized and
became a State on November 29, 1802. The
State of Ohio, when admitted to the Union, con-
tained only nine organized counties. Of these
five, Trumbull, Jefferson, Belmont, Fairfield and
Washington, embraced nearly all of the State
east of the Scioto i^iver, while the other four,
Adams, Ross, Clermont and Hamilton, included
all of the State south of the Indian line and west
of the Scioto, as well as a strip along the eastern
bank of that river. The Indian line, to which I
have referred, ran from the Tuscarawas river, at
the point where the south line of Stark county
crosses that stream, southwesterly along the
north line of Knox county, making one straight
course from the Tuscarawas to a point near the
northeast corner of Darke county. The land
north of the Indian line and west of the Cuyaho-
ga, and nearly all of what is now Michigan, was
'Wayne county,' but the inhabited part being
north of our State line the original Wayne be-
came a county of Michigan, and alter 1810 Ohio
created a county of that new name. Our county
then possessed extended limits. Beginning on
the Indian line, at what is now tlie northeast
corner of Knox county our west line ran along
the east line of what are now Knox and Licking
to the western edge of the elbow in our township
of Hopewell, thence south through Perry county
to the southwest corner of Clayton township.
This point is north of the C. & M. V'. Railway, not
far east of Wolf's Station or Junction City.
There our south line began and ran due east
across Morgan county, keeping about three miles
south of our present line and on through Noble
county to the northeast corner of Jeflerson town-
ship, in that county. This point is about ten miles
southeast from Caldwell. There our east line
began and ran north to the noitheast corner of
what is now Tuscarawas county. What is now
the north line of Tuscarawas, and so much of the
Indian line as crossed Holmes county, composed
our northern boundaiy. Thus Muskingum
county was about sixty miles long from north to
south and about fifty-five miles wide, and con-
tained nearly twenty-seven thousand square
miles.

By a law taking effect March 15, 1808, Tus-
carawas county was created ; by another, on
March i, 1810, Guernsey county was constituted
and our width reduced to twenty-five miles, the
same as now. By another law, taking effect
March i, 1810, Coshocton county was marked
off, but remained "attached" to Muskingum un-
til April I, 181 1. Only one other change in our
boundaries was made — by laws taking effect
March i, 18 18, creating Perry and Morgan."

Judge Granger then recites what has been
given above concerning the circuits and the first
term of the Common Pleas Court, and that the

earliest writ that went out from that court over
the signature of Abel Lewis, Clerh pro iem.,-wa.s
dated June 6, 1804 — a capias ad respondendum — .
at the suit of Samuel Courier, husbandman,
carter, versus James Sprague. Wyllys Silliman
was attorney for plaintiff, and Philemon Beech-
er, of Lancaster, appeared for the defense. The
action was in slander ; damages claimed, $500,
the slander charged being the use of the words,
"You are a thief, and I can prove it." The
declaration was in the old, verbose form. Ver-
dict for plaintiff; damages, $3. This verdict
was rendered in November, 1804, and, so far as
the records show, was the first one in the county.
Lawyer Silliman evidently was displeased with
his client, for on November 20 — same month —
he sued out another capias as attorney for James
Sprague, from whom he had just recovered $3,
and arrested his former client, Samuel Courier,
husbandman, carter, in a suit for $100 debt.
Lewis Cass defended this suit, and at the August
term, 1805, obtained a verdict, and James
Sprague had to pay the costs.

THE MEMBERSHIP OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY BAR,
1804 TO 1881.

In presenting this chapter, the historian ac-
knowledges having derived much valuable in-
formation from the able paper on this subject by
Hon. M. M. Granger, which, considering the
demands upon his time, will ever be a great
credit to his head as well as heart. And, also,
acknowledges the fidelity of Wm. H. Cunning-
ham, Jr., in searching among court records and
documents, from whence the names not given by
Judge Granger were obtained. Where more
than one name appears the same year, they are
given alphabetically ; and where absolute cer-
tainty as to the time of admission was impossi-
ble, the date given is that of their first appear-
ance in the Common Pleas Court as attorney :
1804. Philemon Beecher, of Lancaster, 'was
member of Congress in 1823-9; Commis-
sioner of the road from Lancaster to
Zanesville February 4, 1807 ; Incorpora-
tor of the Zanesville and Lancaster Turn-
pike, December 25, 1816 ; Representative
from Fairfield county in 1803, 1805, 6, 7, 8 ;
member of Congress from Fairfield coun-
ty in 1817-19, '23, and '25. He had an
exte nsive practice in Zanesville.

Lewis Cass was Prosecuting Attorney
from 1804 to '12; member of the State
Legislature in 1806 ; Colonel of the 38th
Ohio in the war of 1812; promoted to
Major General in 1813 ; Governor of the
Territory of Michigan, Minister to
France, United States Senator from Mich-
igan, Secretary of State, United States
Secretary of War in 1831. He was a son
of Jonathan Cass, who moved to Ohio in
1799, ^"'^ ^"^ ^^°7 "^^s appointed State
Marshal by President Harrison.

William W. Irwin, of Lancaster, was
member of Congress from Fairfield in
1829-33; incorporator of Zanesville and

MUSKINOUM COUNTY COURT HOUSE

■Z'A/V£SV/ LLC. 0»/.0.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1804. Lancaster Turnpike, December 25, 1816;
Ohio Representative from Fairfield in
1806-7 ; Judge of the Supreme Court in
1816 ; Ohio Representative in the 24th
General Assembly ; also, in the 25th and
26th.

Wyllys Silliman, born in Strattford, Ct.,
October 8, 1777 ; edited a Federal newspa-
per in Western Virginia in 1800 ; married
Deborah Webster Cass, daughter of Major
Cass, atWakatomika, near Dresden, Ohio,
January 14, 1802 ; in 1803 chosen Presi-
dent Judge of Common Pleas Court, and
sat at the April term, 1804, in Muskingum
county ; Register of the General Land
Office in 1805 ; Commissioner of the road
from Zanesville to the forks of the Mus-
kingum February 4, 1807 ; helped move
State papers from ChilHcothe to Zanes-
ville in 18 10; Incorporator of Zanesville
and Lancaster Turnpike Co...,jDecember
25, 1816, and of Zanesville and Cam-
bridge Turnpike Co. January 27, 1817 ;
Representative in Ohio Legislature 1828 ;
Solicitor for the United States Treasury,
appointed by President Jackson. In 1836
removed to Cleveland, but subsequentlv
returned to Zanesville, where he died at
the residence of his son-in-law, Charles
C. Gilbert, November 13, 1842. Two
of his sons came to the bar — George
Wyllys practiced here several years, and
subsequently died returning from Europe ;
and Oscar, who removed to Missouri and
afterwards to California.

William Woodbridge, of Washington
county, was Ohio Representative from
Washington county in 1808, and State
Senator to loth and nth General Assem-
bly from Washington county in 181 1-12.

1805. Samuel Herrick, born in America, Duch-
ess county. New York, April 14, 1779,
came to the bar June 4, 1805 ; was Prose-
cuting Attorney of Guernsey county ' in
1810; United States District Attorney the
same year and in 1829 ; succeeded General
Cass as Prosecuting Attorney of this
county in 1.81 2, retaining all these offices ;
was Prosecuting Attorney for Licking
county in 1814, and during the same year
was Brigadier General of the 4th Brigade,
3d Division, Ohio Militia ; member of
Congress from this District from March,
1817, to March, 1821. He lived at " Hill
Top," his farm, about two miles Southeast
of Zanesville, until his death, about the
first of March, 1852. Two of his grand-
sons, Edward H. and Charles A., served
as officers of volunteers in the War of the
Rebellion. Edward came to the bar and
located at Kansas City, Mo.

Elijah B. Mervin was Ohio Representa-
tive from Fairfield in 1808.
Matthew Backus.
Samuel Spregg.
Samuel W. Culbertson, born in Pennsyl-

1807.
1809.

1809. vania, was an Incorporator of the Zanes-
ville and Cambridge Turnpike Co. Jan-
uary 17, 1813 ; died of apoplexy in June,
1840.

1810. Ebenezer Granger, elder brother of the
father of Hon. M. M. Granger, was born
in Suffield, Conn., July 6, 1781 ; studied
under Gideon Granger, Postmaster Gen-
eral; July 31, 1815, married Eliza Sea-
man, sister of the half-blood to Henry
Stanbery ; after an active practice of ten
years died September 17, 1822. To him
was assigned the duty of composing the
epitaph of John Mclntire. It was in-
scribed on the plain stone that first mark-
ed the grave, and reads as follows : "Sa-
cred to the memory of John Mclntire, who

. departed this life July 29, 1815, aged fifty-
six years. He was born at Alexandria,
Virginia ; laid out the town of Zanesville
in 1800, of which he was the patron and
father. He was a member of the Con-
vention which formed the Constitution of
Ohio. A kind husband, an obliging
neighbor, punctual in his engagements,
of liberal mind and benevolent disposi-
tion, his death was sincerely lamented."

1812. Alexander Harper: Born in Ireland,
February 5, 1786 ; died December i, i860 ; ,
was a representative in the Ohio Legis
lature in 1820-21, and resigned, when
William Blocksom was appointed to fill
the vacancy ; was President Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas from 1822 to
1836; member of Congress from 1837 to
1839, ^"^ fro'n ^^43 t° '47» and from 1851
to'53-

1814. E. B. Mervin. Luke Walpole was County
Commissioner from April to September,
1814.

181 7. Appleton Downer: Member of the Ohio
Legislature in 1831.

Charles B. Goddard : Born in Plainfield,
Conn. ; his father was Calvin Goddard,
a Judge of the Supreme Court of that
State. Charles B. came to Ohio in 1817,
and was admitted to the bar in Gallipolis.
Settling in Zanesville, he married Harriet
Munro Convers, daughter of Daniel Con-
vers, July 6, 1820 ; was representative in
the Ohio Legislature in 1838-9, and State
Senator from 1845 to '48, and Speaker in
1847-8 ; was Major General of Ohio Mili-
tia, Trustee of Mclntire School Fund,
President of the Zanesville Canal and
Manufacturing Company, and one of the
first directors of the Zanesville Atheneum.
John C. Stockton was Clerk of the Su-
preme and Common Pleas Courts of this
county in 181 2-17, Prosecuting Attorney
from 1818 to '20, and representative in the
Ohio Legislature in 1827.

1818. Truman Beecher.

Thomas Ewing, ("Old Tom"), of Lan-
caster : State Senator in the 29th General
Assembly.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1818. Arius Nye removed to Marietta and was
President Judge of Common Pleas Court,
Washington county ; representative from

. Washington county in 1827, '28, '30, 32,
and 1840, being Senator in the 30th Gen-
eral Assembly.

1819. John Doland, (Harper & Doland), re-
moved to Somerset, Perry county, in 1824.

1819. Richard Stillwell was Prosecuting Attot-
ney from 1820 to '37 ; one of the first di-
rectors of the Atheneum ; Presiden' Judge
of the Common Pleas Court from 1847 to
'51 ; Judge February 19, '52, to Septem-
ber 16, '54 ; a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention in 1850-51 ; resumed
the practice of law in 1854 "^'^^^ John C.
Hazlett, his son-in-law. He was born in
Bucks county, Penn., September 2, 1797,
and died in Zanesvilte February 2, 1862.

1820. William A. Adams : One of the first
directors of Zanesville Atheneum in 1827 ;
Master Commissioner October 23, 1834 >
left Zanesville in 1847, and died in Cov-
ington, Kentucky, in 1879. ^^ ^^^ ^
skillful taxidermist, and by nature an
artist of rare ability, as evidenced by a
picture of Sir William Blackstone, painted
on ordinary plastering in a frame house in
Newark about 45 years ago. Judge Searl
preserved this painting and it hangs in
Hon. John O'Neill's office.

William Carhart.

Charles C. Gilbert married the daughter
of Wyllys Silliman ; died November 18,
1834.

Isaac Parish was representative in the
36th General Assembly, from Guernsey
county, in 1837 ; member of Congress
from the same district from 1839 to 1845.
William Stanbery, long a resident of
Newark, an elder brother of the half blood
of Henry Stanbery, was Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States ; a member of
the Ohio Senate (from Licking county) in
1824 arid 1825.

1 82 1. Peter Odlin removed. to Dayton ; was rep-
resentative in the General Assembly, from
Perry county, in 1830; was representative
of Montgomery county in 1862-4, and
Senator from the same district in 1870.
John B. Orton, in 1831-2, was State Sen-
ator from Perry and Morgan counties.

1822. David Spangler removed to Coshocton
county, and was member of Congress in
1833-5-

1823. James M. Bell, of Guernsey county, was
a member of the General Assembly in
1826, '7 % '9, and '30, and Speaker dur-
ing the last session, and member of Con-
gress in 1823.

Corrington W.Searle ;born in Wyoming
Valley, Penn. ; read law with Wyllys Sil-
liman ; was President Judge of Court of
Common Pleas from 1836 to 1847, and
from 185 1 to 1852, inclusive; Judge from
October 19, '55 to October 25, '56; was a

resident of Newark when elected Judge,
and then moved hither. He died Decem-
ber I, 1865.
Benjamin Reeve.
1825. Leonidas L. Hamline was also a Bishop
of the M. E. Church in 1844.
George James.

Joshua Mathiot ; a member of Congress
from 1841-3. He married a daughter of
Samuel Culbertson, and moved to Newark
in 1835. where he died in 1849.
Henry Stanbery was Attorney General of
Ohio from 1846 to '52, and Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States from 1866 to
1868 ; died in Cincinnati, O., in 1881.
Noah H. Swayne, of Coshocton, was rep-
resentative in the 28th General Assembly,
from Guernsey county, in 1829, and ap-
pointed Associate Judge of the United
States Supreme Court in 1862.

1827. ,AJexander S. B. Culbertson: Ohio rep-

resentative in 1827.

Hocking H. Hunter, of Lancaster, was
elected Judge of the Supreme Court, but
resigned before taking his seat.

1828. John H. Keith: Representative in the
Ohio Legislature in 1832-3, and Speaker
of the House at the 32d session,

George Wyllys Silliman was examined
December 19, but was not admitted to the
bar until the 22d, on account of his age.
William R. Putnam, of Marietta.
George W. Jackson, William P. Moore-
head, John R. Mulvaney, and John T.
Arthur.

George H. Flood was Minister to the
Texan Republic ; Clerk of the House of
Representatives in 1832, '3, '6; Ohio rep-
resentative for Licking county in 1838-9.

Charles Stetson.
Charles C. Convers, son of Daniel Con-
vers : Born in Zanesville July 26, 1810 ;
studied imder C. B. Goddard (brother-in-
law) ; admitted in 1831 or '2 ; of the firm
of Goddard & Convers ; was State Sena-
tor in 1849-50, and Speaker in 1850 ; Judge
of Common Pleas Court October 20, 1854,
to October 19, 1855 ; died September 10,
i860.
1833. George Nelson ; Virtuton Rich. .

Washington Van Hamm was Judge of
Common Pleas Court, at Cincinnati, from
1857 to 1862.

Wyllys Buell was Prosecuting Attorney
from 1837 to 1839.

C. R. Hendee ; Joseph Morehead (the
latter was associated with the "Muskingum
Messenger" in 1837).

Isaac Parish.
1835. Edmund C. Cusack.

John Evans.

J. E. Hanna, of Morgan county, was
born in Westmoreland county, Pennsyl-
vania, Dec. 19, 1805 ; moved to Harrison
county 1815 ; read law in '23 ; admitted at
New Philadelphia, September 27, 1825 ;

1829.
1830.

1831.

1832,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

located at McConnellsville in '26 ; was
President Judge of the Common Pleas
Court in 1840, and Judge Sept. 16, '54, to
Oct. 20, '54, and Representative in the
37th General Assembly from Morgan
county.

C. R. Hendee.

Elijah Hay ward was Judge of the Su-
preme Court, Hamilton county, Ohio, in
1830 to 1845, and resigned February i6th
of that year ; was Representative in Ohio
Legislature in 1827-8; in 185 1 was State
Librarian.

William Kennon was member of Con-
gress from Belmont county, and W. K.,
Jr., filled the same office in 1847.
Josiah Lovell ; J. McMahan.

1836. James Boyle.
Matthew Gaston.

Napoleon A. Guille was Prosecuting At-
torney from 1839 t° 1851, and in 1881 the
oldest practitioner at the bar.

Cornelius Moore was Ohio Representa-
tive from Guernsey county in 1849.

CydnorB. Thompkins, was Member of
Congress from Morgan county from 1857
to 1861.

1837. John Dillon.
Welles Hawes.
WilHam T. McKibben.

James R. Stanbery was State Senator
from Licking county in 1864,
W. D. Wilson.

1838. W. W. Backus.

Cautious C. Covey was Prosecuting At-
torney from April to November, 1839, ^^'^
when, in 185 1, Edwin Conner received
the certificate of election as Senator from
Washington and Morgan counties. Covey
contested the election and the seat was
awarded to him. He was killed by the
explosion of the steamer " Buckeye
Belle," near Beverly, November 10, 1852.
John W. Foster.
I. B. B. Hale.
Andrew R. Jackson.
G. B. Smythe.

Royal T.Spr ague, afterwards Chief Jus-
tice of Supreme Court of California.

Philadelphus Van Trump was member
of Congress from Fairfield county in 1867
to 1873.

Samuel Chapman, one of the editors of
"Citizens Press," in i860.

1839. Camp.

C. A. Harper.

James M. Love ; became U. S. District
Judge in Iowa.
Charles Matthews.
Chauncey A. Pardey.

1840. W. B. Bascom.

Nathan Evans was Member of Congress
from 1847 to '51.
S. D. King.
James Parker.
Charles Whittlesey.

1841. W. B.Abbott.

Franklin Gale was Master Commissioner,
appointed November 18, 1846, viceT. M.
Drake.

James Henderson, State Senator in 1839-
'42.

J. B. Humrickhouse.
P. S. Slevin.
William Spencer.

Hugh J. Jewett was State Senator in
1854-5 ; member of the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1868-9 ; member of Congress
from Franklin County District in 1868-9
and 1873-5 ; President and Receiver of
the Erie Railway Company in 1870.

1842. Henry Beard : Deputy Clerk Court Com-
mon Pleas Nov. 2, 1842 ; 1845 to '48 editor
of Zanesville Aurora.

Thomas Drake : Master Commissioner
Nov. 30, 1842, tor three years ; reappoint-
ed Nov. 18, 1845, and resigned November
18, 1846.
John Ferguson.
J. B. Longley.

George W. Manypenny was Clerk of
Common Pleas 1841-1846 ; member of
Board of Public Works (Democratic)
1850 ; resigned in 1853 ; appointed Com-
missioner of Indian Affairs in 1880.
Cooper K. Watson : member of Congress,
Seneca District, 1855 ; Judge of Common
Pleas, Sandusky County District, 1876 ;
member of Constitutional Convention

1873-4-

1843. Joseph White.

Howard Copland.

David H. Lyman was editor of the "Ohio

Republican," November 11, 1845, and

changed the name to the "Courier" ;

March 31, 1846, issued a tri-weekly, and

June 21, '46 a daily "Courier."

Thomas W. Peacock, April 13, i860,

became editor of the "Aurora."

John Percy ; Charles R. Rhodes.

John R. Taylor.

Augustus P. Blocksom.

1844. Ezra B. Eastman : October 30, '50, ap-
pointed Master Commissioner for three
years.

John O'Neill was Prosecuting Attorney
1853 to 1856, and Member of Congress
from 1863 to 1865.

Frederick A. Seborn : Taught Public
School from 1841-44 ; County School
Examiner from 1847 to 1857 ; Justice of
the Peace from 1849 to '52 ; re-elected ;
served till '53, when he moved out of the
township, and thus vacated his commis-
sion ; was licensed local preacher in 1847 ;
ordained Elder in the M. E. Church in
1856 ; Secretary of Muskingum Agricul-
tural Society from 1859 ^o 1869.

1845. Theodore Convers ; Edmund Brush.
Daniel Convers Goddard : Appointed
Master Commissioner for three years, No-
vember 28, 1845.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1845.

1846.
1847.

1848.

1849.

1850.

185 1.
1852.

1853-

James R. Harper ; R. Hickman.
T. J. Maginnis : State Senator in 1864-5 ;
died 1881.
Rowland D. Noble.
T. Cleveland.
Samuel Cochran.

Eli A. Spencer: State Senator in 1856-7.
William H. Ball was editor of the Zanes-
ville Courier in 1850; Prosecuting Attor-
ney in 185 1-3, and resigned ; was Colonel
of the I22d Ohio; resigned February 3,
1865 ; commission as Brigadier by Brevet
dates Oct. 19, 1864 ! member of the Legis-
lature in 1872 ; Judge of Court of Common
Pleas August 3, 1879.
E. A. Bratton.
Alfred Brown.

J. M. Buel : The latter was associated
withW. H. Ball et al. editing the Courier
in 1850.

W. H. Bascom ; Solomon A. Lewis.
Lucius P. Marsh was Judge of Common
Pleas Oct. 25, 1856, to Feb. 9, 1862, and
from August 3. '74, to August 2, '79.
Frederick W. Wood, of McConnellsville,
was Judge of Common Pleas August 3,
'69, to August 3, '74.

Samuel S. Cox, born inZanesville Oct. i,
1824 ; appointed Deputy Clerk of Common
Pleas at the age of fourteen ; graduated
at Brown University in 1846 ; appeared at
the bar in 1849 '■> member of Congress
from Columbus District 1857 to 1865 ;
member of Congress from New York
187 1 ; re-elected in 1880.
A. O. WagstafF, partner in the Zanesville
"Aurora" Nov. 12, '39, one year.
Jerome Buckingham ; Thomas J. Taylor.
William W. Johnson, Judge of Common
Pleas, Lawrence County District, 1858 to
1867 ; Judge on Supreme Court Commis-
sion 1872, Judge of Supreme Court Oct.
1879.

Moses M. Granger : 14th, May 1861, Cap-
tain 1 8th U. S. Infantry, resigned June
21, 1862; loth September, 1862, Major
i22d O. V. I. ; 1st May, 1863, Lieutenant
Colonel O. V. I. ; 19th Oct., 1864, Brevet
Col. U. S. Infantry; i6th Dec, 1864, re-
signed as Lieutenant Colonel ; April 15th,
1865, City Solicitor Zanesville; August
15th, 1866, resigned; January i, 1866,
Prosecuting Attorney of Muskingum
county ; Dec. loth, 1866, resigned ; Dec.
loth, 1866, Judge of Common Pleas Court
to fill vacancy; Feb. 9th, 1867, J"dge
Common Pleas Court, full term ; Oct. 9th,
1871, resigned; Oct. 22d, 1872, Reporter
Supreme Court ; resigned Feb. 17th, 1874.
Johji C. Hazlett was Prosecuting Attorney
from 1856 to 1861 ; Captain in the war of
the Rebellion, 1861.

Robert W. P. Muse was editor of the
Zanesville "Aurora" in 1853 ; Captain in
Union army 1861 ; Probate Judge from
1864 to 1870.

1854.
1855-

1856.

1857-

1858.

1859.

i860.

John P. Ross, Hiram Skinner; Abner
Starkey and Charles K. Wright.
R. D. Chalfant.

John Haynes was Prosecuting Attorney
from 1861 to 1864.

John Q^ Lane, appointed Colonel of the
97th Ohio, Sept. 2, 1862 ; mustered out
with his regiment June 12, 1865 ; his
Brevet Brigadier 'General's commission
dates March 13, 1865.
Homer Thrall.
John H. Ash; J. Belford.
Alexander S. Cox was Deputy Clerk Oct.
31, 1848.

Robert H. Gilmore, John D. Martin,
James A. Parker and Seth Weldy.
Mordecai Bartley, Henry C. Brown,
Daniel D. T. Convers, J. Delafield Du-
Bois, W. C. Gaston.

Charles C. Goddard, born March 26,
1836 ; admitted to the bar April 15, 1857 ;
graduated Havard Law School, Cam-
bridge, Mass., July 1861 ; appointed Capt.
17th U. S. Infantry Sept. 20, 1861 ; re-
signed May 26, 1864 ; appointed Colonel
and aid-de-camp on staff of Gov. T. L.
Young, January, 187 1 ; (has the finest law
library in the city;) U. S. Commissioner.
Ezra E. Evans, Judge of Common Pleas
Court in '62-66.
Thomas Potts, not in practice.
John A. Blair, Colonel of the 13th Ohio
in 1848 ; in 1852 was one of the Zanes-
ville incorporators of C. W. & Z. R. R.
and one of its Directoi-s, and a Director of
the Central Ohio R. R.. and in 1856-8 a
member of the Legislature.
W. W. Badger.

Daniel B. Gary was Prosecuting Attorney
from 1872 to 1874.
Josiah Given.

Wm. D. Hamilton, Capt. 32d Ohio in
1861 ; Col. 9th Ohio, and ffl^de Brevet
Brigadier "for gallant and meritorious'
services rendered during the campaign
ending in the surrender of the insurgent
armies of Johnston and Lee.
Wm. R. Henderson, Post Master at Dres-
den in 1880 ; not in practice.
Peleg Bunker.

Daniel B. Linn was editor of the Zanes-
ville"Signar'in 1864-5 ;State Senator from
1866-70 ; member of the State Board of
Eqiialization in 1871.
Gilbert D. Munson, Wm. Hall, W. L.
Bane.

Edward Ball was Sheriff" from 1839 t° '43 !
Representative in Ohio Legislature in
1845-9, '68 and '70 ; editor of Zanesville
'"Courier" Oct. '49 ; member of Congress
from 1853 to 1857.

Stephen A. Guthrie, Registrar in Bank-
ruptcy ; incumbent.

Albert W. Train, Prosecuting Attorney
from 1866 to 1868.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1861. JohnW. Beall.
John G. Chandler.

Wm.'Ewing, editor of the "Aurora" from
July 9, '63 to Feb. 4, '64.
George Randall.

1862. Solon Fisk ; John G. Madden.
Benjamin Power, of Morgan county, here
in '72, now in Dresden.

1863. Wm. A. E. Rhodes, here in 1873.
James T. Irvine, editor of "Signal" ; mem-
ber of City Council in 1881.

Milton I. Southa,rd, Prosecuting Attorney
from 1868 to '72 ; member of Congress
from 1873 to 1879.

1864. Alfred E. Fillmore.

Lyman J. Jackson was Prosecuting Attor-
ney from 1864 to 1866 ; member of the
Commission on the Constitution from
Perry county in 1873, and Senator from
this District in 1879-80.
William Okey.

1865. Fenton Bagley, Prosecuting Attorney in
I 880- I.

Chas. W. Chandler.
John W. King.
James E. Palmer.

1866. Edgar W. Allen was Clerk of Common
Pleas Court in 1870-3.

Andrew L. Pierce, not in practice.
Geo. L. Phillips.

W. W. Pyle, editor of the "Times."
Frank H. Southard, appointed Commis-
sioner of the Muskingum County R'y Co.
in 188 1.

1867. Charles A. Beard.
Albion J. Andrews.

1868. Johri B. Sheppard, member of the Legis-
lature in 1874-5 ; Allen Miller.
Alexander Van Hamm ; C. R. Barclay.

1869. B. M. Dilley, Charles Durban, John Ma-
son, Chas. E. Randall.

1870. Wm. C. Blocksom, (son of Augustus P.)
City Solicitor in 187^-9 ; Mayor of Zanes-
ville in 1879-80.

Reuben Morgan was Probate Judge in
1873-5 ; resigned March 24, 1875.

187 1. John R. Stonesipher was Prosecuting
Attorney in 1878-80.

1872. Orlando C. Marsh, (son of Lucius P.)
appointed Deputy Auditor Nov., 1880.
George E. Porter.

Lileston F. Spangler, Secretary Mus-
kingum Agricultural Society.
A, H. Stillwell.
Charles M. Vandenbark.

1873. Herman F. Achauer, member of the Leg-
islature in 1877-8.

Henry A. Axline, Assistant Adjutant
General in 1 880-1.

Charles H. Blair ; Eugene J. Brown.
, Henry L. Korte, Probate Judge in 18^0-3 ;
appointed March 24, 1875 to fill vacancy
vice Morgan ; elected in 1876 ; re-elected
in 1878.
William A. Taylor, not in practice.

1874. Joseph W. Garside.

1874. Henry Clay Van Voorhis.
i'875. Henry S. Crozier.

John Hollingsworth.

Robert N. C. Wilson.

Frank B. Williamson, the only colored

member of the bar.

1876. Joshua T. Crew.
Robert H. McFarland.
Frederick S. Gates.

Charles F. Waller ; died soon after being
admitted.

1877. WiUiamV. Cox.
John W. Martin.
Henry S. Moody.

Henry R. Stanbery, City Solicitor in
1879-80.

John M. Stout, Ohio Representative from
Monroe county in 1858-60, not in prac-
tice.

1878. "Alf" H. Evans.
James B. Cox.

John A. Green, City Clerk in 1880-1.
Frank M. Ford.
Arthur J. Sheppard.
Edward C. Wortman.

1879. Andrew F. Armstrong, now in Iowa.
Levi Edward Dodd.

Norwood S. Chandler.

Wm. H. Cunningham, Jr., City Solicitor

in 1881.

Wm. J. Finley.

George C. Thompson.

1880. Frank A. Durban.
Thomas J. McDermott.
Arthur C. Israel.

1881. Wm. H. Johnson.
A. A. Frazier.

MEMBERS OF THE STATE CONSTITUTIONAL CON-
VENTIONS.

Ohio has had three Constitutional Conventions.
Muskingum county was, in 1802, a part of Wash-
ington county. John Mclntire was one of the
delegates who sat in the convention that year,
representing Washington county, while his resi-
dence was here.

Those who represented Muskingum county in
the other two conventions were :
1850-1. David Chambers and Richard Still-
well.
1873-4. Charles C. Russell and Daniel Van
Voorhes.

MEMBEES OF CONGRESS.

[The districts have been changed each ten
years].

1803-1813 — Jeremiah Morrow.
1813-1817 — James Caldwell.
1817-1821 — Samuel Herrick.
1821-1823 — David Chambers.
1823-1829 — Philemon Beecher.
i829-i833^William W. Irvin.
1 833-1 835— Robert Mitchell.
1837-1839 — Alex. -Harper.
1839- 1 84 1 — Jonathan Taylor.
1841-1843 — Joshua Mathoit.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1843-1847 — Alex. Harper.
1847-185 1 — Nathan Evans.
1851-1853 — Alex. Harper.
1853-1857— Edward Ball.
1857-1861— C. B. Thompkins.
1861-1863— Wm. P. Cutler.
1863-1865— John O'Neill.
1865-1869-^Columbus Delano.
1869-1873 — George W. Morgan.
1873-1879-^MiIton I. Southard.
1879-1883— Gibson Atherton.

STATE SENATORS.

We have been represented in the Senate of
the Ohio Legislature by the following gentle-
men ;

Joseph Buell and Hallem Hempsted in 1805 ;
district composed of Athens, Gallia, Washington
and Muskingum counties. *

Hallem ■ Hempsted and Leonard Jewett in
1806 ; district same.

Leonard Jewett and John Sharp in 1807, dis-
trict same

Robert McConnell in 1808-9, Muskingum and
Tuscarawas counties.

Robert McConnel in 1810-11, Muskingum
and Tuscarawas counties.

Robert McConnell in 1812-14, Muskingum
county.

Ebenezer Buckingham in 1815-16, Musking-
um county.

George Jackson in 1817-18, Muskingum
county.

Samuel Sullivan in 1819, Muskingum county,
resigned.

John Matthews in 1820, Muskingum county.

Thomas Ijams in 1821-2, Muskingum county.

Ebenezer Buckingham in 1823-4, Muskingum
county.

Wyllys Silliman in 1825-6, Muskingum
county.

John Hamm in 1827-9, Muskingum county,
resigned.

James Ragnet in 1830, Muskingum county.

Ezekiel S. Cox in 183 1-2, Muskingum county.

Thomas Anderson in 1833-4, Muskingum
county.

Samuel J. Cox in 1835-8, Muskingum county.

James Henderson in 1839-42, Muskingum
county.

David Chambers in 1843-4, Muskingum
county.

Chas. B. Goddard in 1845-1-8, Muskingum
county.

Chas. C. Convers in 1849-50, Muskingum
county.

William E. Finck in 1862-3, Muskingum and
Perry counties.

Hugh J. Jewett, 1854-5.

Eli A. Spencer in 1856-7, Muskingum county.

Ezekiel Vanatain 1858-9, Muskingum county.

Chas. W. Potwin in 1860-1, Muskingum
county.

William E. Finck in 1852-3, Muskingum
county.

Thos J. Maginnis, 1864-5, Muskingum county.

Daniel B. Linn in 1866-9, Muskingum county.

William H. Holden in 1870-3, Muskingum
county.

Elias Ellis in 1874-7, Muskingum county.

Lyman J. Jackson in 1878, Muskingum
county.

REPRESENTATIVES FROM MUSKINGUM COUNTY
IN THE OHIO LEGISLATURE.

1805. Elijah Hatch, James Clark, James E.
Phelps, district composed of Athens,
Gallia, Muskingum and Washington
counties.

806. Levi Barker, Lewis Cass,William H. ;

district same.

807. Joseph Palmer and John Matthews, dis-
trict same.

808. David J. Marple and James Clark, dis-
trict Muskingum and Tuscarawas coun-
ties.

809. David J. Marple and George Jackson,
district Muskingum and Tuscarawas
counties.

810. George Jackson and David J. Marple;
Muskingum, Tuscarawas and Guernsey
counties.

811. George Jackson and William Frame,
Muskingum, Tuscarawas and Guernsey
counties.

812. John Hamm and Stephen Smith, Mus-
kingum county.

813. Steven C. Smith and Joseph K. McCune,
Muskingum county.

814. David Chambers and Stephen C. Smith,
Muskingum county.

815. Robert Mitchell and Josepk K. McCune,
Muskingum county.

816. Robert Mitchell and Robert McConnell,
Muskingum county.

817. Christian Spangler and Thomas Nisbet,
Muskingum county.

818. James Hampson and John Reynolds,
Muskingum county.

819. John Reynolds and. Robert McConnell,
Muskingum county.

820. Alexander Harper and Robert K. Mc-
Cune, Muskingum county.

82 1 . Alexander Harper and William H . Moore,
Muskingum county.

822. William H. Moore and Nathan C. Find-
lay, Muskingum county.

823. John C. Stockton and Joseph K. MCcune,
Muskingum county.

824. Thomas L. Pierce and Thorhas Flood,
Muskingum county.

825. Thomas L. Pierce and James Hampson,
Muskingum county.

826. Thomas Flood and James Hampson, Mus-
kingum county.

827. James Hampson and John C. Stockton,
Muskingum county.

828. Wyllys Silliman and David Chambers,
Muskingum county.

829. Littleton Adams and James Ragnet, Mus-
kingum county.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1830. Thomas Maxfield and Littleton Adams,
I Muskingum county.

183 1 . Appleton Downer and David Peairs, Mus-
kingum county.

1832. William Cooper and John H. Keith, Mus-
kingum county.

1833. John H. Keith and William Cooper, Mus-
kingum county.

1834. Aaron Robinson and W. H. Moore, Mus-
kingum county.

1835. Aaron Robinson and W. H. Moore, Mus-
kingum county.

1836. David Chambers, Muskingum, county.

1837. David Chambers and David K. McCune,
Muskingum county.

1838. David Chambers and Charles B. Goddard,
Muskingum county.

1839. Abraham Pollock and George W. Adams,
Muskingum county.

1840. Abraham Pollock and John Watkins,
Muskingum county.

1841. David Chambers and Charles Bowen,
Muskingum county.

1842. David Chambers and Charles Bowen,

1843. Joseph Fisher and Davis Johns, Mus-
kingum county.

1844. Davis Johns, Muskingum county.

1845. Edward Ball and John Trimble, Mus-
kingum county.

1846. John Trimble, Muskingum county.

1847. A. L. B. Culbertson and Abel Randall.
Muskingum county.

1848. Abel Raadall, Muskingum county.

1849. Edward Ball, Muskingum county.

1850. William Morgan, Muskingum county.
1852. William Morgan and William C. Filler.
1854. John Metcalf and Samuel McCann.
1856. John A. Blair and John Crooks.

1858. John A. Blair and Lewis Frazee.

i860. Daniel Van Voorhis, EHsha Trimble, and

Townsend Gore.
1862. Thadeus A. Reamy and Jacob Glessner.
1864. James Ga,llogly and Elijah Little.
1866. A. W. Shipley and Perry; Wiles.
1868. Edward Ball and H. J. Jewett.
1870. Edward Ball and Elias Ellis.
1872. William H. Ball and Elias ElHs.
1874. James A. Moorehead and John B. Shep-

pard.
1876. Harvey L. Cogsil and Lamech Rambo..
1878. Herman F. Achauer.
1880. Robert Price.

The following is a list of county officers, from
the beginning :

COUNTY AUDITORS.

The office of County Auditor was created by
an act of the General Assembly, passed Febru-
ary 8, 1820. It grew out of the office of Clerk
to the Board of County Commissioners. Its
duties have since been continuously multiplied
and enlarged, under successive acts of the Leg-
islature, until they are now peculiarly numerous,
difficult, and complicated. The names of the
several County Auditors are as follows :

John Burwell, from March, 1821, to October,

1823, when he resigned to take the office of
Sheriff.

John W. Spry, from October, 1823, to March,
1845 ; nearly twenty-two years.

Richard L Peach, from March, 1845, to March,

1855-
Imri Richards, from March, 1855, to March,

1857-

Bernard Van Home, from March, 1857, to

March, 1859.

Jesse Atwell, from March, 1859, to March,
1861.

Gemmill Arthur, from March, 1861, to March,
1865.

Caleb D. Caldwell, from March, 1865 ; died
September 6, 187 1.

Imri Richards, from September, 1871, to No-
vember, 1871.

Andrew P. Stults, from November, 1871, to
November, 1875.

James T. Irvine, from November, 1875, to
November, 1880.

Samuel Oldham, November 1880 — present in-
cumbent.

COUNTY COLLECTORS.

Jacob Crooks, from June, 1807, to June, i8ri.

W. Scott, from June, 1811, to June, 1812.

Robert Mitchell, from June, 1812, to June,
1813.

James Vickers, from June, 1813, to June, 1817.

William Craig, from June, 1817, to June 1818.

John Russell, from June, 1818, to June, 1820.

William Hunter, from June, 1820, to June,
1822.

Daniel Brush, from June, 1822, to June, 1825.

John Houck, from June, 1825, to June, 1826.

Silas Robinson, from June, 1826, to June, 1827.

The office was then abolished.

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.

On the evidence of our oldest inhabitant,
Stephen Reeve, Esq., who leased school land of
them in 1804, our first County Commissioners
were William Montgomery, Joseph F. Munro,
and Christian Spangler. The records show :

Isaac Evans, to December, 1807.

Robert Speer, to December, 1807.

William Whitten, to December, 1808.

to December, 1809.

William Newell, -

Jacob Gomber, from December, 1867, to De-
cember, 1809.

Daniel Stillwell, from December, 1808, to De-
cember, 181 1.

Thomas Nisbet, from December, 1809, to De-
cember, 181 2.

George Reeve, from April, 18 10, to Decem-
ber, 1810.

John Willey, from December, 1810, to April,
1814 (died).

Benjamin Spry, from December, 1811, to Sep-
tember, 1814.

William H. Moore, from December, 181 2, to
December, 1818.

Luke Walpole, from April 1814, to September,
1814.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

James L. Fleming, from December, 1814, to
October, 1819.

William Hunter, from December, 1814, to No-
vember, 1817.

Simeon Sims, from November, 181 7, to No-
vember, 1820.

Thomas Flood, from December, 1818, to No-
vember, 1820.

John Robertson, from October, 1819, to De-
cember, 1825.

Jared Brush, from November, 1820, to Decem-
ber, 1824.

James JeiFries, from March, 1821, to Decem-
ber, 1821.

Israel Robinson, from December, i82i,to De-
cember, 1826.

John Handle, from December, 1824, to De-
cember, 1830.

Joseph Springer, from December, 1825, to De-
cember, 1827.

Absalom Roberts, from December, 1826, to
December, 1829.

William Hamilton, from December, 1827, to
November, 1831.

Isaac Helmick, from December, 1829, to No-
vember, 1 83 1.

Israel Robinson, from December, 1830, to No-
vember, 1839.

Samuel McCann, from November, 183 1, to
November, 1834.

Lyle Fulton, from November, 183 1 , to October,
1838.

John Adams, from November, 1834, ^o ^^^
death in 1837.

Samuel McCann, December, 1837, to Octo-
ber, 1838.

John Thompson, from October, 1838, to De-
cember, 1841.

Beverly Lemert, from December, 1838, tc Oc-
tober, 1840.

John Goshen, from December, 1839, ^o ^^-
cember, 1845.

Robert Boggs, from October, 1840, to Decem-
ber, 1843.

Littleton Moore, from December, 1841, to No-
vember, 1844.

Joshua Bennett, from December, 1843, to De-
cember, 1846.

Henry Wheeler, from November, 1844, to De-
cember, 1847.

Mahlon Sims, from December, 1845, to Octo-
ber, 185 1.

Stephen Reeve, from December, 1846, to De-
cember, 1852.

William Johnson, from December, 1847, to
November, 1850.

James Carnes, from November, 1850, to No-
vember, 1853.

Joseph R. Thomas, from October, 185 1, to De-
cember, 1857.

Leviris M. Pierson, from December, 1852, to
December, 1855.

Samuel Clark, from November, 1853, to De-
cember, 1856.

Abel Randall, from December, 1855, to De-
cember, 1858.

Jonathan Swank, from December, 1856, to
November, 1859.

Hugh Madden, from Decembe, 1857, to No-
vember, i860.

John Baughman, from December, 1858, to
December, 1861.

E. E. Fillmore, frort November, 1859, ^o No-
vember, 1862.

William T. Tanner, from November, i860, to
February, 1864.

George W. Slater, from December, 1861, to
December, 1867.

William Pringle, from November, 1862, to
December 1865.

E. E. Fillmore from February, 1864, to De-
cember, 1869.

J. B. Milhous, from December, 1865, to De-
cember, 1868.

E. L. Lemert, from December, 1867, to De-
cember, 1870.

Robert Silvey, from December, 1868, to De-
cember, 1871.

Austin Berry, from December, 1868, resigned
February, 1870.

WilHam Hall, from February, 1870, resigned
December, i874_.

Daniel Hattan, from January, 1871, to Decem-
ber, 1872.

Leonard N. Stump, from December, 187 1, to
December, 1874.

John Sims, from December, 1872, to Decem-
ber, 1878.

Thomas Griffith, from December, 1874, to De-
cember, 1877.

Leonard N. Stump, from December, 1874, ^o
December 1875.

William T. Tanner, from December, 1875, to
December, 1879.

Jefferson Van Home, from December, 1877, to
December, 1880.

Howard Copland, from December, 1878, to
December, 1881.

John Crooks, from December, 1879, to De-
cember, 1882.

March, 17, 1880, Jefferson Van Home resigned
and Harvey Darlinton was appointed in his
place.

CLERKS TO COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.

Elijah Beall, to December, 1808.

Benjamin Tupper, from December, 1808, to
December, 181 1.

Robert Mitchell, from December, 181 1 , to June
1812.

William Craig, from June, 1812, to September,
1814.

George Reynolds, from September, 1814, to
January, 1815.

James Perry, from February, 1815, to Feb-
ruary, 1812 (when the office was abolished.)

COUNTY RECORDERS.

It seems that conve_yances of land lying in
Muskingum continued to be recorded in the office
of the Washington County Recorder until April
17, 1806. From 1806 to 1 831, the Recorder was

A^M^^^^^

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

appointed by the Court of Common Pleas, and,
as the list shows, the clerk of the court was
usually the Recorder. The list is as follows :

Abel Lewis, April 17, 1805, to February
13, 1810.

George Reeve, February 23, 1810, to April,
1817.

David Chambers, April, 1817, to November,
1820.

John Peters, November, 1820, to November
22, 1821.

Ezekiel T. Cox, November 22, 1821, to Octo-
ber, 1830.

In 1829 a law for the election of a Recorder by
the people was passed, but it did not affect the
terms of those then in office. Mr. Cox's term
expired early in 1831, but the commissioners of
the county, under said law, appointed him to
serve until after the election of that year. At
that election Anthony Wilkins was chosen.

Anthony Wilkins, October, 1831, to October.
1840.

Wm. T. McKibben, October, 1840, to Sep-
tember, 1841. He died.

Imri Richards, September, 1841, to Novem-
ber, 1 841.

John Hilliard, November, 1841, to January,
1851.

Joseph P. Huston, January, 185 1, to January,
1854.

Horatio W. Chandler, January, 1854, to Jan-
uary, 1857.

George W. Ritze, January, 1857, to October,
i860. He died.

Ephraim P. Abbott, October, i860, to Octo-
ber 1 86 1.

John J. Ingalls, October, 1861, to January
1868.

Jesse H. Mitchell, January, 1868, to January,
1871.

William H. Cunningham, January, 1871, to
January, 1877.

David Zimmer, January, 1877, to January,
1883.

SHERIFFS.

George Beymer, 1804, 1808.
Jacob Crooks, 1808, 181 2.
John Reynolds, 1812, 1816.
Charles Roberts, 1816, 1819.
James H^mpson, 1819, 1823.
John Burwell, 1823, 1827.
John Stanton, 1827, 1829.
Daniel Brush, 1829, 1833.
Asa R. Cassidy, 1833, 1837.
Zachariah Adams, 1837, 1839.
Edward Ball, 1839, 1843.
John Dillon, 1843, 1847. ♦

Carson Porter, 1847, 1850. (Died in office.)
.;,, Benjamin F. Leslie, 1850, 1854.
Joseph Richey, 1854, 1856.
James C. Wolf, 1856, 1858.
Penrod Bateman, 1858, i860.
James C. Wolf, i860, 1864. (Died in office.)
John Quigley (Coroner and Acting Sheriff) ,
1864, 1865.

Benjamin F. Leslie, 1865, 1869.

Benson Loyd, 1869, 1873.

William Ruth, 1873, 1877,

Orrin Ballon, 1877.

Orrin Ballou, 1879.

Sheriff Ballou's term expired January, 1881.

William Hunter, elected second Tuesday of
October, 1880, term expires first Monday in
January, 1883.

COUNTY SURVEYORS.

Levi Whipple, from 1804, to .

Chas. Roberts, from 1814, to 1817.

John Roberts, from 181 7, to 1827.

Chas. Roberts, from 181 7, to 1833.

Wm. L. Beavers, from 1833, to 1839.

James Boyle, from 1839, ^^ ^^845-

Joseph Fisher, from 1845, to 1854.

Joseph J. Hennon, from 1854, to 1857.

John Smyth, from 1857, to i860.

Mark Lowdan, from i860, to 1861 ; resigned.

John W. Roberts, from 1861 , to 1864 ; resigned.

Joseph Fisher, from 1865, to 1868.

James P. -Eagan, from 1868, to 1871.

Joseph Fisher, from 1871, to 18/4.

James P; Eagan, from 1874, *° ^^IT-

William Dunn, from 1877, to lOio.

Fred Howell, from 1880, incumbent.

- COUNTY APPRAISERS OF LAND.

John Burwell in 1834.

Matthew McElhiney in 1840.

In 1846 this work passed to the County As-
sessors, a list of whom, by the same aiithor
(James T. Irvine), is as follows :

Daniel Brush, from 1825, to 1827.

Lewis Ijams, from 1827, to 1830.

WiUi am Ellis, from 1830, to 1832.

Joseph Springer, from 1832, to 1834.

Matthias Spangler, from 1834, ^^ ^^35.

Jesse S. Manly, from 1835, -to 1839.

Joseph P. Huston, from 1839 > ^^^ office was
then abolished.

COUNTY TREASURERS.

William Montgomery, from
June, 1807.

1805, to

Joseph F. Munro, from June, 1807, to June,
1810.
Benjamin Sloan, from June, 1810, to June,

1813.
Christian Spangler, from October, 1813, to

June, 1818.

Samuel Sullivan, from June, 1818, to October,

1819.
Thomas Moorehead, from October, 18 19, to

June, 1827.

John Roberts, from June, 1827, to June, 1830
John Burwell, from Jnne, 1830, to June, 1832
John Roberts, from June, 1832, to June, 1834
Daniel Brush, from June, 183^, to June, 1836
John Roberts, from June, 1836, to June, 1838
John Russell, from June, 1838, to June, 1844
Benjamin F. Leslie, from June 1844, to June

1846.
Adam Peters, from June, 1846, to June, 1850.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

John Dillon, from June, 1850, to June, 1854.

Isaac Stiers, from June, 1854, to June, 1856.

Benjamin Adams, from June, 1856; died Sep-
tember, 1857.

John Dillon, from September, 1857, to June,
1858.

William Lynn, from June, 1858 ; died Sep-
tember, 1862.

J. B. H. Bratshaw, from September, 1862 ;
resigned March, 1864.

John Dillon, from March, 1864, to September,
1866.

Joseph T. Gorsuch, from September, 1866, to
September, 1868.

John M. Lane, from September, 1868, to Sep-
tember, 1872.

Robert Lilvey, from September, 1872, to Sep-
tember, 1876.

George W. Allen, from 'September, 1876, to
September, 1880.

Frederick C. Dietz, from September, 1880.

CORONERS.

Levi Whipple, from 1804 to 181 1.
Luke Walpole, from 181 1 to 1815.
Charles Roberts from 1815 to 1717.
Samuel Thompson, from 1817 to 1821.
Wm. H. Moore, from 1821 to 1822.
Jacob Crooks, from 1823 to 1824.
Samuel Thompson, from 1824 to 1828,
Samuel Parker, from 1828 to 1832.
William Twaddle, from 1832 to 1834.
Samuel Parker, from 1834 to I838.
Richard Collum,' from 1838 to 1840.
Samuel Gates, 1840 to 1843.
WilHam Flanagan, from 1843 to 1846.
John W. White, from 1846 to 1848.
James Caldwell, from 1848 to 1850.
Elijah Brown, from 1850 to 1852.
John Quigley, from 1852, to 1854.
John Bratton, from 1854 to 1856.
John Quigley,' from 1856 to 1868.
John D. Bonnett, from 1868 to 1874.
Anderson Evans, 1874 to 1876.
Daniel Smith, 1876 to 1880.
Daniel Morgan, from 1880. Incumbent.

POOR HOUSE OR INFIRMARY DIRECTORS.

[The County Poor House was completed in
the year 1840.]

Isaac Dillon, from June, 1840, to June, 1841.

Jno. Slaughter, from June, 1840, to June, 1841.

Daniel Brush, from Jnne, 1840, to June, 1841.

John Peters, from June, i84i,to June, 1846;
resigned.

John Roberts, from June, 1841, to December,
1842.

William Camp, from June, 1841, to June, 1846 ;
resigned.

Edwin Burlingame, from December, 1842, to
June, 1846 ; resigned.

Austin Berry, from June, 1846, to November,

1857-

Lawson Wiles, from June, 1846, to November,
1847.

John Vandenbask, from June, 1846, to No-
vember, 1849.

James Helmick, from November, 1847, to No-
vember, 1853.

Robert J. Smith, from November, 1849, to No-
vember, 1852.

Robert Lee, from November, 1852, to March,
1858, resigned,

Joseph Larzalere, from November, 1853, to
November, 1856.

Joseph Mattingly, from November, 1856, to
November, 1859.

Wm. T. Tanner, from November, 1857, to
November, i860.

Joseph R. Thomas, from March, 1858, to No-
vember, 1858.

William Shaffer, from November, 1858, to No-
vember, 1864.

David Sidle, from November, 1859, to No-
vember, 1862.

Isaac Van Home, from November, i860, to
November, 1863.

John L. Taylor, from November, 1862, to No-
vember, 1865.

William Lee, from November, 1863, to No-
vember, 1866.

James Warner, from November, 1864, to No-
vember, 1867.

Waldo B. Gutlirie, from November, 1865,
died September 18, 1866.

William Lee, from November, 1866, to No-
vember, 1868.

Isaac C. Story, from November, 1866, to No-
vember, 1869.

Patrick Brennan, from November, 1867, to
November, 1873.

John L. Taylor, from November, 1868, to No-
vember, 187 1.

M. V. B. Mitchell, from November, 1869, to
November, 1872.

Wm. T. Tanner, from November, 187 1, to
November, 1874.

John W. Marshall, from November, 1872, to
November, 1875.

Peter L. Burgoon, from November, 1873, to
November, 1876.

Patrick C. Ryan, from November, 1874, to
November, 1880.

Robert Slack, from November, 1875, to No-
vember, 1881.

John W. Marshall, from November, 1876, to
November, 1879.

Geo. A. Gardner, from November, 1879, to
November, 1882.

Addison Palmer, from November, 1880, to
November, 1883.

CHAPTER IV.

ZANESVILLE.

'FROM THE RIVER CAME THE WARRIORS" "THE

MOOS-KING-DOM" — TRADING POST— ACT OF CON-
GRESS AUTHORIZING EBENEZER ZANE TO MAKE
OUT A ROAD FROM WHEELING, VA. , TO LIME-
STONE, KY. THE OLD INDIAN TRAIL THE

ZANE PATENT ZANE & m'CULLOCH's FERRY

PUTNAM, MATHEWS & WHIPPLE'S FERRY—

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

"BLACK MESS AND THE SQUIRE — JONA DAVEN-
PORT AND CERTAIN INDIANS ISAAC ZANE AND

HIS INDIAN WIFE WM. m'CULLOCH AND THE

POETRY OF HIS WOOING ZANESTOWN M'iN-

TIRE's HOUSE THE FIRST TAVERN KING LOUIS

PHILLIPPE SOJOURNS WITH m'iNTIRE THE

FOURTH OF JULY l8oO-^DR. INCREASE MATHEWS

AND THE FIRST STORE EAST OF THE RIVER

ACT TO INCORPORATE ZANESVILLE THE BOYS

AND GIRLS OF l820-2I ALPHABETIC ORDER OF

INDUSTRIES BEGUN-THE LEGISLATURE AUTHOR-
IZES A TOLL BRIDGE CHARTER GRANTED JOHN

m'INTIRE and HIS ASSOCIATES TO ERECT A DAM
ABOVE THE LICKING AT A POINT NEARLY OP-
POSITE MARKET STREET LAND OFFICE AT

ZANESTOWN REVENUE TAX STREET RAIL-
WAYS INDUSTRIES OF 1 88 1.

"From the river came the warriors,
Clean and washed from all their war-paint;
On the banks their war clubs buried,
Buried all their warlike weapons,
Gitche Manito, the mighty.
The Great Spirit, the Creator,
Smiled upon his helpless children.

And in silence all the warriors
I Broke the red stone of the quarry.

Smoothed and finished it into Peace Pipes,
Broke the long reeds by the river.
Decked them with their brightest feathers.
And departed each one homeward.
While the Master of Life ascending,
Through the opening of cloud curtains,
Through the door-way of the Heavens,
Vanithed from before their faces,
In the smoke that rolled around them.
The jPukwana of the Peace Pipe ! "

And they shared their treasures of the hills
and valleys", the rich furs and robe skins of the
Valley of "Moos-king-dom," with their brothers,
the pale faces, whom they welcomed with their
peace pipe, with their wampum belts and treas-
ures ; bade them build their wigwam near their
much loved "Elks Eye," and bring them cloth-
ing, beads and trinkets and the treasures known
to white men. The invitation was accepted,
and a trading post was established in 1794, by
Joseph F. Moore, Herman Blannerhasset and
Dudley Wood, of Marietta, who built their cabin
about where the office of the Pataskala Mills
now Stands, and kept the usual supply of goods
for "Indian trade," which they exchanged for
furs and other skins, and also paid them money.
Detroit was headquarters for the fur trade, and
thither they sent their skins, via. Marietta and
Pittsburgh by canoes and pirogues, to Sandusky
bv pack animals and thence to Detroit by ship.
The superior quality of the furs and robes from
the moos-king-dom region soon attracted atten-
tion, and another highway leading through it
w^as soon determined upon. On the 17th of
May, 1796, Congress passed an act authorizing
Ebenezer Zane to make out a road from Wheel-
ing, Virginia, to Limestone, (now Maysville,
Ky.,) on the Ohio river, crossing the rivers at
Zanesville, Lancaster and Chillicothe, and in

1797, Zane, with his brother, Jonathan, and his
brother-in-law, John Mclntire, proceeded to cut
out the road, which consisted in removing the
trees anc^ smaller growth, and blazing the route.
They were assisted by John Green, William
McCulloch, Ebenezer Ryan and others. John
Green had charge of the pack horses. John
Mclntire being a shoemaker and not accustomed
to ■ the use of the axe, was selected to
keep the party in game, of which there was
abundance over the entire route. They en-
countered no Indians, but had to guard against
wolves at night, which was easily done, how-
ever, by keeping a bright fire burning.

The route they chose was near the old Indian
trail. Arriving at Salt creek, they surveyed'
down that stream as far as what has since been
known as Duncan's Falls, but decided to return
and cross the Muskingum river at the mouth of
the Licking river, deeming the possibilities for
water power better at this point, but stopping
three miles east, near where the Shaffer meeting
house stands, (on the Adamsville road) they
surveyed down the east branch of Mill run, near
the Indian trail, crossed the run near the bridge
by the old blast furnace, traveled south as far as
the head of Lehew's hollow, and then southwest
to what is now Market street. They returned
to the point near the Shaffer meeting house and
proceeded in a southwest course until they ar-
rived in the neighborhood of what has since
been known as the Evans and Irvin place, (on
the National Road,) and thence proceeded to
Mill run, up Mill run hill south, and then nearly
due west, and down the steep hill where the
Machine House now stands, known as the
Cochran Hill. They crossed over to what is
known as Silliman street, between Dr. Brown's
late residence and the German Catholic church,
and down main street and crossed the Mus-
kingum river at the south side of Licking island,
which was where the pier of the Y bridge now
stands. They then passed over Chapman's run,
southeast of the stone quarry, through the
Springer farm, and on the southwest over what
has since been known as "the Maysville pike."

The old Indian trail crossed the river at the
foot of Market street (at the head of the upper
falls, about where the first dam. was built), to
what became West Zanesville ; over the Licking
Island to the South Ward, and up Chapman's
Run, through what is known as the Fair Grounds,
to the "Maysville Pike." This Indian trail
coursed from Wheeling to this place, on through
Chillicothe, to the Ohio river.

For opening this road Ebenezer Zane received
the lands described in the following patent :

Department of the Interior ; ')

General Land Office, >
Washington, D. C, April 24th, 1880. )
I, J. A. Williamson, Commissioner of the
General Land Office, do hereby certify that the
annexed copy is a true and literal exemplificatior
of a land patent, issued to Ebenezer Zane, on

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

first and escaped to the woods. John Mclntire
expressed his opinion that it would be difficult to
find him, and offered $ 1 50 for him, which the
master accepted and released his claim on him.
He no doubt fully repaid Mr. Mclntire, as he
lived with him as a faithful servant many years.
At the time of taking charge of the ferry his
home was on River street, in West Zanesville,
and he died there in 1840. He was good natured,
" a fair performer on the violin," and a great
favorite, being ever on the alert for a frolic.
The humor and cunning of this negro is aptly
illustrated in connection with his marriage, the
certificate of which is here given, premising
that the 'Squire agreed to marry Black Mess and
Ann Thompson, like white folks, for which he
should receive one dollar :

"I do certify that 'Mess Johnson,' a black
man, and Ann Thompson, a black woman, was
married before me the eighth of November,
1808.

[Signed.] Samuel Thompson, J. P."

The ceremony was performed in John Mcln-
tire's house, where Black Mess was living at the
time. When the 'Squire had made " the twain
one flesh " according to law, he asked for his re-
ward. The newly made husband informed him
that when he (the 'Squire) had kissed the bride,
as he was accustomed . to do when marrying
white folks, the dollar should be forth coming !
'Squire Thompson gracefully declined, saying
that he did not want Mess' dollar.

In the spring of 1798, Elias Hughes, with his
wife and twelve children, accompanied by his
nephew, John Ratliff, with his wife and four
children, came "to the mouth of the Licken,"
and built their cabins on the north bank, where
they resided about a year-, and removed twenty
miles upthat river, where Mr. Hughes died in
1843, being about the age of ninety years.

The pioneers who found their way into the
beautiful valley of the Muskingum, now so
widely known, were men of nerve and rare
sagacity, familiar with the red men of the forest
at home, and in no wise inclined to under-value
their judgement in selecting the domain over
which it would be most profitable for them to
roam ; and knowing that "the northwest country' '
was a great hunting ground, their eyes were
naturally turned to that country as the " land of
promise." This will be apparent when we re-
call their home surroundings, which the follow-
ing extract will serve to show :

"October 29th, i73i,Jona Davenport made
affidavit at Philadelphia,. Pa., that a French
agent had, every spring, for several years past,
come down to the Shawanee settlement at Alle-
ghany, and consulted with the Indians there.
James Le Tort made a similar affidavit at the
same time. Attached to the affidavits is a mem-
orandum "of the number of Indians. Among
them are " three Shawanee towns on Conumach
creek, forty-five families, 200 men.' Next to
this is the item. ' Asswikales, fifty families.

lately from South Carolina to the Potowmack,
and from thence thither.' — [Penn. Archives,
Vol. I, pp. 299, 300.]

Thus we see, also, that Indians traveled over
all that country. r-

Now Isaac Zane was born on the south
branch of the Potowmack, in Virginia, in 1753,
and it is safe to conclude that his kindred were
well acquainted with Asswikales. Indeed the
sequel of his first and doubtless providential de-
termination, was to accomplish a happy mar-
riage, and cement the bonds of peace, then be-
ginning to prevail — between the Indian and pale
taces. A treaty to this effect having been en-
tered into by the great Shawanee nation, of
which the Asswikales were a part, and the Con-
gress of the United States. The storms of
anger -had ceased, the council fires- were burn-
ing brightly, and intercourse between the
two races was pacific. Isaac Zane was at
that impressionable age when the gentle god-
dess comes with her divinest allurements, and
he said :

"As unto the bow thfi cord is,
So unto man is woman,
Though she bends him, yet she follows,
Useless each without the other !

And when he found himself in the presence of
the great chief of the Asswikales, who knew so
much about the people, who was rich in love of
hunting grounds, in the region of the Elk's Eye,
and richer still in having a comely daughter, he
reminded him of all the past, and asked to be
his son, saying :

"After many years of warfare,
Many years of strife and bloodshed,
There is peace between us, O, Asswikales,
Between the Shawnee and pale faces,
Give me as my wife this maiden,
Minnehaha, Laughing Water,"
Loveliest of lovely women !

"And the ancient arrow maker
Paused a moment ere he answered,
Smoked a little while in silence.
Looked at Isaac proudly,
Fondly looked at Laughing Water,
And made answer very gravely :

"Yes, if Minnehaha wishes ;
Let your heart speak, Minnehaha!"
And the lovely Laughing Water
Seemed more lovely, as she stood there.
Neither willing nor reluctant,
As she went to the brave Isaac,
Softly took her seat beside him,
While she said, and blushed to say it,

"I will follow you, n\y husband !"
« -s * « ®

From the sky the sun benignant
Looked upon them through the branches,
Saying to them, "O, my children.
Love is like sunshine, hate is shadow.
Life is checkered shade and sunshine,
Eule by Love, O, happy Isaac !"

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

And it came to psss that the Great Spirit gave
this happy pair a comely daughter:

Comely in her form and litheness,
' ■ , Filled was her mind with brightness,
i ' . Versed in all the great traditions,

• ■ j 1 f II »' And of singers, the most elysian ;
Men were joyous at the sound
Of the rich melodies of her voice,
Until one day as they found,
She was a white man's choice,
And to him had welcome given.
Then their joy was turned to anguish,
And their very souls were riven,
For without her they must languish ;
But they breathed an invocation
Of blessing on each nation,
In her so fully blended ;
And their fervent prayer ascended,
And will ascend forever,
To bless the singer and her lover.

This comely maiden became the wife of Wil-
liam McCulloch, who, having found an eden in
this charming, valley was soon enjoying the
sunshine of her love. By the margin of the
waters, where the Muskingum gently glides,
there was built their cabin home. And there on
the 7th of April night, 1798, their son, Noah
Zane McCulloch, was born, and was probably
the first white child born within the limits of
what is now Muskingum county. The cabin
was built on the spot where the canal waters
traverse the south side of Main street.

The trading post was now rapidly growing
into the likeness of a white settlement and ac-
quiring the modes of civilization, and as such
was called Westbourne, and was on the west
side of the river, within the boundaries of the
Eighth Ward, as now designated. October 27,
1798, the Postmaster General recognized the
right of the citizens to mail facilities, and by
contract authorized the transporting of mail to
and from this point, and at the same time
changed the name to Zanestown — in compliment
of Mr. Zane. The following year Messrs. Zane
and McCulloch laid out the town into squares
and lots. Henry Crooks came about this time
and resided with McCulloch. He built his
cabin during the winter of 1798-9, just where is
not now known, only that it was within the
boundaries of what is known as the Seventh
Ward. Mrs. Crooks was the only white woman
this side of Lancaster. Mr. Crooks' brother
Andrew and wife, and sons George M. and
Jacob, and daughter Nancy, joined them soon af-
ter. They were followed by John Bland, Henry

Smith and Priest, who brought their

families with them from "the Kenawha coun-
try."

In 1799 John Mclntire built a cabin in a beauti-
ful maple grove situated on the site since known
as the southwest corner of Second and Market
streets. His sagacity prompted him to build a
large house, for the double purpose of having a
comfortable home and keeping an inn, the want
of the latter having been felt on more than one

occasion. Although a one-story house, it com-
manded a fine view of the falls and ^;he upper
ford. According to Mrs. Charles G. Goddard
(good authority), "John Mclntire cut down the
trees and hewed nearly all of the logs, shaped
saplings into rafters, split scantling for door and
window frames, etc. The window glass (the
first used here) was brought from Wheeling, Va.
The house was not finished until the spring of
1800, and was quite a mansion for those days.
It is due to Mr. Mclntire and lady to say that
their accommodations, though in a log cabin,
were such as to render their house to the travel-
lers a home." — [Howe's Historical Notes of
Ohio.]

Louis Phillippe, a noted King of France, was
once a guest with the Mclntires. Hon. Lewis
Cass, in "Camp and Court of Louis Phillippe,"
thus alludes to it: "At Zanesville, the party
found the comfortable cabin of Mr. John Mcln-
tire, and whose house was a favorite place of
rest and refreshment for all travelers, who, at
this early period, were compelled to transverse
that part of the country. And if these pages
should chance ' to meet the eyes of any of those
who, like the writer, hav^ passed many a pleas-
ant hour under the roof of this uneducated, but
truly worthy and respectable man, he trusts they
will unite in this tribute to his memory." The
King's visit was probably made in 1802.

According to Silas Johnson, long a servant of
John Mclntire, "John Mclntire was born in
Alexandria, Virginia, in October, 1759, and
married Sarah M. Zane, in Wheeling, Virginia,
in December, 1789. He was a little below me-
dium height, rathet fleshy, full-faced, rather high
forehead, had blue eyes, rather lightish brown
hair, wore no beard and weighed between 150
and 160 pounds ; was of a pleasant disposition
except when insulted, when he would instantly
knock the offender down, and go off" about his
business. His word was as good as his bond."
He died in his stone house, corner of Fountain
alley and Second street, July 29th, 1815. His
remains repose in the old grave yard at the head
of Main street.

Mrs. Mclntire was a resolute woman, of good
practical sense, and like her husband was quick
to resent an insult, and intolerant of what she
deemed wrong. Standing in her door one day,
looking over the foi-d at the head of the falls,
she saw two Indians, one a great tall fellow, car-
rying his bow and arrow, the other his squaw, a
small woman, carrying her papoose and cook-
ing utensils, struggling along with difficulty
against the current, as they waded across. The
sight made her angry, and when the Indian
came up and asked her for something to eat, she
took a stick and whipped him, saying, "Begone,
you lazy dog." With an ugh ! he went away,
when she gave the squaw and her papoose a
hearty meal.

At another time when there was to be Method-
ist preaching in the court house, and owing to
some feud between the janitor of the court house
and the M. E. Church, the doors were not opened

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

in time, Mrs. Mclntire became indignant and or-
dered "Black Mess" to bring an ax, and it
needed no more persuasion to induce the janitor
to hurry up with the keys. Some one havmg in-
formed Mr. Mclntire what was going on, he was
told to "go back; Sally will make her way
through."

Mrs. Mclntire was also a very kind woman,
and spent much time visiting the sick and visit-
ing and encouraging the settlers and administer-
ing to their wants. There were "always good
things in Aunty Mclntire's larder to eat and to
drink, and herbs and roots for medicine when
wanted, a bountiful suppljr of which she furnished
to the needy."

Mr. Mclntire's daughter, and only child, was
born June 3d, 1800. She was sent to Phila-
delphia to school, where she graduated, and was
to have been married to an Irish Lord about the
time she died, which was December 15th, 1820.

Mrs. Mclntire, nee Sarah M. Zane, daughter
of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Zane, was born in
Wheeling, Virginia, February 22, 1773, was
married to John Mclntire as stated, and again
married to David Young, August 15th, 1816.
She died in Zanesville, March 8th, 1854. -^
short time prior to her demise she' gave to her
faithful servant, Silas Johnson (colored), her
large family Bible.

On the 31st of July, 1857, at the request of
General Charles B. Goddard, President of the
Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company,
and Adam Peters, Vice President, William Cul-
bertson took the noted Mclntire cabin down, it
having stood more than half a century — until the
winters' storms and summers' scorching heat.had
rendered it unfit for habitation. He was requested
also to preserve one of the rafters and keep it in
his possession until he received a wi"itten order
from the proper authorities to deliver it up.
These two gentlemen had contemplated erecting
a Mclntire High School building in the near fu-
ture from funds belonging to the Mclntire estate,
and intended to place this rafter from the old
cabin in the building, with a suitable inscription
as a memento that might remind the children of
their benefactor, of his industry and benevolence.

At the meeting of the Directors of the Zanes-
ville Canal and Manufacturing Company, held
January 6th, 1880, the following resolutions were
adopted :

Resolved, That the committee on the build-
ing of the Mclntire Children's Home, be and
they are hereby instructed to introduce into the
finish of the walls of some suitable room of the
new building, one or more of the timbers of John
Mclntire's log cabin, preserved by William Cul-
bertson.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Board are
hereby extended to William Culbertson for his
* care in the preservation of the timbers, and he is
hereby authorized to make such use of said tim-
bers, as are not required by said committee for
said purpose, as he may see fit.

D. C. Converse,

Secretary.

On the 8th of January, 1880, Mr. William
Culbertson received the following letter :

Zanesville, Jan. 8, 1880.
William Culbertson, Esq.:

Dear Sir — Herewith I hand you cop-!" >i res-
olutions passed by the Board of Direct „ . of the
Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company.
Respectfully,

D. C. Converse,

Secretary.

This stick of timber, which has been preserved
by Mr. Culbertson for almost twenty-three years,
will be confided to the care of the Directors 01
the Canal and Manufacturing Company, to be
placed by them in the Mclntire Children's
Home. Nothing could be more appropriate.
The Mclntire Children's Home will be the pride
of the city and county — will be an enduring
monument to those who struggled year after year
to give a comfortable home, warm clothing and
suitable food to the unfortunate waifs of society.

That kind, charitable lady, who wiped the
tears from the cheeks of the orphans, has a mon-
ument in the hearts of the poor more valuable
by far, and more enduring than the monuments
built of marble and granite, even could stone be
piled upon stone, until the pinnacle reached high
above the clouds of heaven.

[Other particulars concerning John Mclntire
and his estate will be found in another part of
this work.]

In the fall of 1799 came John Green, (after-
terwards known as "General Green"), and
made his home with Wm. McCuUoch during the
winter, spending his time hunting deer and bear,
the most of which he prepared for future use.
In April following, he moved his family thither
from Wheeling, Va., accompanied by Abraham
McCulloch. They had each a four horse team
and wagon, probably the first teams brought
here. General Green brought with him a pair
of hand mill stones for grinding corn. This
primitive mill, when in working order, had a
pole adjusted to the ceiling of the building, and
the other end through the upper stone, which
was turned by one hand and the corn supplied
by the other. He allowed his neighbors to use
it, much to their convenience. Mr. Green's
house was a story and a half double cabin, with
a porch in front and spacious hall through the
middle. It stood about the head of Main street,
and opposite Silliman street of the present time.
Here the first patriotic demonstration that was
made in all this region took place, in the cele-
brating of the fourth of July, 1800, and ever aftei
"Green's Tavern" was a noted place. Men
came to the celebration with their wives and
children, from twenty miles away, to join in the
festivities. Orators "almost too full for utter-
were there, and did ample justice to the
Joseph F. Monroe read the Declara-
tion of Independence. So great was the throng
that a bower was erected for table accommoda-
tion, and they fared sumptuously. During "the
feast of reason and flow of soal," eloquent toasts
were read, and duly honored with the social

ance

occasion.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

glass. And when they had made an end of
feasting, Thomas Dowden and "Black Mess"
brough fourth their instruments and beguiled
them with music, while old and young swayed
to and fro in the mazes of the dance, which con-
tinued until the next day. It is said that Mrs.
Mclntire lead the dance, and that the ladies fur-
nished the tables. Henry Crooks (the ferryman)
furnished roast pig, which was deemed indispen-
sable.

About the month of October, 1799, came also
John and George Mathews, from Wheel-
ing, Va., and built a mill for grinding corn. It
was constructed on board a boat, composed of
two large canvas, with a water wheel between,
and was anchored at the foot of the Fall, near
where the lower bridge now stands, and on the
east side of the river, and depended on the cur-
rent, (which was swift,) for pQwer. It was well
patronized by people from all parts of the valley.
This mill was carried down tlie river by a freshet
and lodged in Duncan's Falls, but was rescued
and brought back, and continued in service
three years, when it gave place to a "tub mill,"
with one run of stone, located at Moxahala, and
was followed by another at the mouth of Joe's
run. A part of this last mill may be seen dur-
ing low water to this day.

In the spring of 1800 another accession to the
population was made by the arrival of Martin
Luther Loud Slagor and William Well. Slagor
erected his cabin on the site now the northwest
corner of Sixth and Main' streets, intending to
keep tavern, but rented it to Thomas Corderey,
who kept tavern in it for several years. Mr.
Slagor purchased a small tract of land that has
since been knows as "Slagor run," and there was
started the first garden, farm and dairy. Mrs.
Slagor sold milk, and has been kown to excuse
the superabundance of the watery element in
that fluid by saying she supposed "the cows had
been wading the creek ! "

Mr. Ingalls built his cabin near John Mcln-
tire's, and, considering the ordinance of Con-
gress, in pursuance 'of the "ratification of the
treaty concluded at Fort Mcintosh (with the
Delawares, Chippewas and Ottawas, by which
the United States acquired the title of those
tribes to all lands lying east and west and south
of a line drawn from the mouth of the Cuyahoga,
up that river to the Tuscarawas portage. and to
the Tuscarawas above Fort Lawrence, thence to
the Maumee, and thence with that river to Lake
Erie," being about three-fourths of the State of
Ohio, and including all this region ; which trea-
ty was ratified in May, 1785 ; the aforesaid or-
dinance provided that "the land was to be di-
vided into townships of six miles square by lines
running north and south, and intersected by
other lines at right angles. These townships
were to be divided into sections, each containing
one square mile or six hundred and forty acres,
and each range was to be numbered from south
to north, commencing on the Ohio river ; the
ranges were to be distinguished by progressive
numbers westward, the first resting upon the

western boundary of Pennsylvania as a base
line, which prevented many settlers from becom-
ing possessors of the land because of their ina-
bility to purchase the minimum quantity named,
viz. : 640 acres), he entered into the business of
purchasing such tracts for the settlers by associ-
ating them and sub-dividing the tracts according
to the stipulations made between them. He was
therefore the first land agent and seems to have
conducted the business so as to win the confi-
dence of the Government as well as the settler,
as he was subsequently appointed collector of
taxes on lands owned by non-residents. By
act of Congress, dated February 1805, proviso
was made whereby settlers might enter tracts of
smaller sub-division, such as half and quarter
sections. [See Revised Statutes of the U. S.,
section 2,396, p. 442.]

In 1800 or 1801, perhaps in the early part of
the winter, John Houck came to Zanestown and
began to do tailoring. In 1804 he was elected
constable ; in 1806 was appointed Deputy
SheiifF. He was probably the first tailor in the
region.

Early in the spring of 1861 Dr. Increase Ma-
thews and his brother John started a store in a
cabin situated on what is now the northwest
corner of Main and Third streets. This was the
first store of the kind on the east side of the river.
Our informant humorously lists their supply of
merchandise as follows : "These two men kept
a stock of brandy and buttons, needles and nut-
megs, sugar and saleratus, iron and ink, calico
and cai-ds, rope and rum, pins and physic, pow-
der and bear traps, blisters and blueing, etc."
This stock of physic was probably denominated
a "Drug Store". In 1803 the merchandise was
moved south of the river into what has since been
called Putnam, and was located at what is now
108 Muskingum Avenue. Probably soon after
or shortly before opening this store' Dr. Mat-
hews visited Marietta to attend a sale of Gov-
ernment land, intent on purchasing the section,
or part, in which is now the ninth ward. John,
Mclntire also started for the same place on the
same errand at the same time, although neither
acquainted the other with the object of his visit.
The first night they camped in the woods ; at the
close of the second da}- they arrived in the town
of Marietta. Here they separated. Dr. Mathews
proceeded up Washington street to the house ot
his uncle. General Rums Putnam, who then had
charge of the land office. Mr. Mclntire found
his way to the hotel. At General Putnam's
Dr. Mathews met a cousin, Mr. Levi Whipple ;
during the conversation that ensued. General
Putnam said : "You boys ought to purchase the
land, and if necessary, I will aid you in making
the first payment." The next day the land was
put up for sale and the bidding between Mcln-
tire and Dr. Mathews was very spirited. At
length Mclntire, not doubting that he would
make sure, of the purchase, bid four dollars per
acre. Dr. Mathews immediately bid four dol-
lars and twenty-five cents, and as there was no
higher bid the land was struck off to him.

ALVAH BUCKINGHAM.

From a work entitled "The Buckingham Family,
or the Descendants of Thomas Buckingham," one of
the first settlers of Milford, Connecticut, (compiled
at the request of William A. Buckingham, of Nor-
wich, Connecticut, by Rev. F. W. Chapman, A.M.,
author of " The Chapman Family," etc., etc., etc.
Hartford, Connecticut : Press of Case, Lockwood &
Brainard, 1872) the following compilation is derived:

Alvah Buckingham, son of Ebenezer and Esther
(Bradley) Buckingham, was born at Ballston
Springs, New York, March 20, 1791. In 1794 his
parents removed to Cooperstown, New York. In-
1797 his elder brothers, Stephen and Ebenezer, left
home to see the wild west of the Alleghany Moun-
tains and Ohio river. In the fall of 1799 they re-
turned with such glowing accounts of this new
land that their parents, with their numerous
children, except two married daughters, left Coop-
erstown for the western wilderness. They located
at first at a point between the Whitewoman and
Tuscarawas, two streams forming the Muskingum
river, near their confluence. This was almost the
first settlement; made in that region, and was about
two miles above the present town of Coshocton.
The nearest white settlement was Zanesville, some
thirty miles south, on the Muskingum river.

While the elder members of the family traded
with the Indians for furs, robes, etc., the younger
ones joined in their sports and learned their
strange language. And this was- never eiitirely
forgotten, as fifty years later counting in the Indian
tongue was a source of great entertainment to a de-
lighted circle of little auditors. Their amusements
were "throwing the tomahawk," " shooting with
bow and arrow," " tossing up chips for old Indians
to fire at," (in which they were very expert), and
other athletic sports. In the spring of 1802, find-
ing this location unhealthy, the family removed to
Carthage township, in the southeastern part of
Athens county, Ohio, on the Hock Hocking river.
Here the subject of this article, Alvah Buckingham,
had the inestimable privilege of attending school;
though it was four miles distant from his home to
the school house, he walked thereto daily. Out of
school he assisted on the farm or indulged in hunt,
ing. This latter was his favorite passtime, as at
that early date game was plenty. The woods were
infested with bear, deer, panther, raccoon, opossum,
and wild turkey. Near the farm was quite a cele-
brated deer lick, where, on moonlight nights, he
was accustomed to station his watch, and many a
victim rewarded his unerring rifle. It was in one
of these lonely watches that his quickness of
thought and rapidity of action saved his life, and
brought down a huge panther, poised just above
him, and ready for the spring.

At the a?e of seventeen he met with a severe ac-
cident. Hunting in the woods one day, his horse
became frightened, reared and fell back on his
rider. Stunned by the fall, he yet recovered to find
his right leg broken both above and below the
knee, himself distant from the nearest house, which
was his own home, over three miles away, and no
aid for his rescue but his own mother wit. With
a courageous spirit, and by dint of crawling on his
two hands and one knee, he reached the river,
which, fortunately, was low enough to enable him
to cross, holding his mouth just above the water,
and thus reached home just as his sinking strength
gave way. The limb was splintered as best could
be in a country home, but a weary years' confine-
ment was the result, and, ever after, a slight lame-
ness.

In 1804, the older brother, Ebenezer Bucking-
ham, moved to Putnam, opposite Zanesville, Ohio,
and, to assist him in business, Alvah followed in
1810, leaving his parents still at the Hocking farm.
In 1813, g^tephen, an older brother, died, and Alvah
was called upon to take charge of his business,
which he did for two years In April, 1816, Solo-
mon Sturgesand himself, having married sisters —
the Misses Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut —
formed a mercantile partnership, one fourth each,
with their older brother, Ebenezer Buckingham,
under the firm name of E. Buckingham & Co., a
firm widely known in their then pioneer life.
Ebenezer married Eunice Hale, of Glastonbury,
Connecticut, and, returning to the West, brought
the two sisters-in-law, Anna and Lucy Hale, the
whole party crossing the Alleghany Mountains on
horseback, as at that time there were no roads for
carriages or wagons. In 1S18 Anna Hale returned
to her Eastern home, but, as it proved, only for a
time. As leader in the church choir, she sat in her
accustomed place on the last Sunday of September,
1819, in the old church at Glastonbury. Glancing
below, her eyes met the well known figure of her
Western friend.- An interview, a hurried proposal,
and a hurried marriage on the following Sabbath
evening, left our young couple free to start on their
homeward westward route, and on horseback again,
as in her previous trip, the wife of Alvah Bucking-
ham was escorted to her pioneer home. Returning
to Putnam, they purchased, on the banks of the
Muskingum river, a very modest homestead of one
room; and there, in 1820, set up their household
goods. In 1821, they built a two story brick house,
to which they subsequently added, in 1834, a more
commodious addition. This was the old homestead
in which all their children were born, and is now
occupied by their youngest son, James Bucking-
ham.

■■'"'-a°-i"PE.Bi„mallTYDi>.

In October, 1824, Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., the
father of Alvah, died, at the old farm house in
Carthage, Athens county, and his wife, Esther,
then removed to the home of her son, Ebenezer, Jr.,
in Putnam, where she died June 25th, 1827. In
August, 1832, the firm of E. Buckingham, Jr., &
Co., was dissolved by the sudden and painful death
of Ebenezer Buckingham, and the business was
continued under the new firm name of "A. Buck-
ingham & Co.," and, the following year, another
brother, Milton, was induced to give up the old
farm at Carthage and join the firm, taking one-half
of Alvah's share; while at the same time Solomon
Sturges, Alvah's partner, persuaded his brother,
Hezekiah, to remove from Fairfield, Connecticut,
and share in his share.

At this time there was a great need felt of good
schools, and in 1835, a charter for a seminary was
recorded, to be called the Putnam Classical Insti-
tute, to be located in Putnam. Mrs. Eunice Hale
Buckingham, wife of Ebenezer, Alvah Bucking-
ham, Solomon Sturges, Julius C. Guthrie, and
Austin A. Guthrie, furnished the funds, and the
seminary was established, which, through all its
vicissitudes of time, still continues worthy of pat-
ronage.

It 1843, Milton Buckingham removed to Spring-
field, Ohio, and Alvah could thus admit his oldest
son, Benjamin, to a partnership. In 1845, the firm
name of A. Buckingham & Co. was dissolved, and
a new firm name (.Buckingham & Sturges) estab-
lished, composed of Benjamin H. Buckingham and
William Sturges, the two oldest sons of the two
former partners. In 1850, R. P. Burlingame, a
friend, was sent to Chicago, Illinois, to open up a
lumber trade there, the funds being furnished by
Alvah Buckingham. The next, year the two built
the first grain elevator in the city of Chicago. It
was built of wood, holding some 75jO00 bushels of
grain— at that time a great wonder. It was called
the Fulton Elevator. In 1851, Alvah Buckingham
established branch houses in New York City and
Toledo, Ohio, for his two oldest sons, Benjamin and
Philo, buying the Pehdleton Elevator, the first one
built in Toledo. They soon built a sefeond elevator,
and here, in the press and excitement of a too ex-
tended business, Philo, the second son, lost his
health and died quite suddenly, April 6th, 1853, in
the homestead at Putnam.

In 1854, Alvah Buckingham sold a third interest
in his Chicago Fulton Elevator to his partner,
Solomon Sturges, and shortly after they concluded
a contract with the Illinois Central Railroad to do
all their grain warehousing business for ten years.
In 1856, they built and opened the two large ware-
houses called "A" and "B," in the city of Chicago,
holding some 800,000 bushels of grain, the marvels
of the day. After this date of 1855, Alvah Buck-
ingham spent most of his time in Chicago, and

three years later moved his family there. His
Sldest son, Benjamin, removed to Chicago also, but
died in 1864, at Madison, New Jersey, while on a
visit to his father-in-law, Mr. John S. Potwin.
Benjamin Buckingham was singularly sincere and
just in his dealings with man ; of great Christian
purity and behavior, a man of unblemished char-
acter and fine financial knowledge and ability.
Philo, the second son, many will recall with mel-
ancholy pleasure. He was a large hearted, gen-
erous man ; had a full faith, too great, in human
nature; generous to a fault; fond of outdoor life,
agriculture and stock raising being his special de-
light. The surviving brother, James, seems to have
combined the qualities of both his brothers in
business and occupation.

In April, 1865, Mr. Alvah Buckingham removed
to New York City, where, with his daughters, he
resided at No. 18 East Twelfth street, until his
death. His daughter, Julia A., had married the
Hon. Samuel S. Cox, of Ohio, and the other
daughter, Elizabeth, had married John A. Harden-
bargh, of New York. In the spring of 1866, hav-
ing occasion to locate some lands in the West, Alvah
Buckingham took his youngest son, James, as a
companion, and traveled through Indiana, Illinois,
Missouri, and Kansas; and though much of this was
accomplished in a spring wagon, over rough roads,
and at the age of seventy-five, it was without any
apparent fatigue.

In the spring of 1867, he made a second pilgrim-
age to the West, this time traveling through Iowa
and Nebraska, and passing over the line of the
Pacific Railroad as far as it was then finished. He
was ambitious to be on the first train through to
the Pacific Ocean; but this anticipation was not to
be realized.

The summer of 1867 was spent with his family
and two daughters, Mrs. Cox and Mrs. Hardenbargh,
at Saratoga, ending in a most pleasurable trip to the
White Mountains. Returning to his New York
home, his wife was taken sick with pneumonia,
and died September 24th, 1867, and her remains
were taken to their first home, Putnam, Ohio. In
a week Mr. Buckingham was stricken down, and
eleven days after his remains reposed by the side of
his wife, in Woodlawn Cemetery, Putnam, Ohio.
He died October 4th, 1867.

Mr. Alvah Buckingham was distinguished as a
conscientious man, courteous, just, business-like,
and although economic, was a speculative merchant.
He had also a rare genius for building bridges,
elevators, and houses. He was an affectionate
husband and indulgent father. He married Anna
Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut, October 3d,
1819, who died September 24th, 1867, at No. 13
East Twelfth street, New York. Their children
were Benjamin Hale, Philo, Elizabeth, Julia Ann,
James, and Elizabeth (the second.)

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

"Business meant business,"' the Di*. said, to
whom the event became one of the pleasant
reminiscences of his life. He associated with
him Levi Whipple, who, together with General
Putnam, who afterwards became a partner.
They were the original proprietors of the "town
of Springfield," named from the spring known
as "Lovers' Fountain," which sends its silver
purling stream down the rocky bank of yonder
hill that now so proudly overlooks the city, and
whose summit is adorned by "Putnam Park."
The town was subsequently named Putnam, af-
ter General Rufus Putnam. (See Rev. Addison
Kingsbury's "History Resume"). In 1801 Levi
Whipple built his cabin at the mouth of the Lick-
ing, and about the 25th of October of that year
moved his family into it. He followed survey-
ing until 1804 when he engaged in the milling
business. He was the first Justice of the Peace
elected in Springfield ; was subsequently Coro-
ner and then acting Sheriff". During this year
Robert Whipple built his cabin in Putnam,
and in December, 1801, Joseph F. Monroe com-
pleted a two-story log house on the site known
as the southeast corner of Second and Main
streets, the first two-story log house built in
Zanestown. And during this year Isaac Zane
built a log cabin on the site now known as 98
West Main street. This cabin was completed
about Christmas and, as usual, was dedicated
with a dance, "Black Mess" furnishing the
music.

According to E. H. Church, Ebenezer Buck-
ingham, Sen., came in 1801, or perhaps i8oo-.
He was a bricklayer and stone mason by trade,
a conscientious Christian and gentleman. He
became a State Senator, was one of the first
Fund Commissioners of Ohio after the adoption of
the canal policy 1825, and was, in his public
career, of great value to the State. He con-
ducted his large business interests on the Put-
nam side of the river. When the turbid waters
of the Muskingum closed over Ebenezer Buck-
ingham the half completed career of an honest
heart ceased to beat ; a heroic pioneer's life went
out ; an incbiTuptible legislator and unimpeach-
able public officer ceased to be."

Early in the spring of 1802, came Jeffrey Price,
with a young daughter. They boarded with
John Mclntire. Price kept a store in a log
cabin on the site now known as the southeast
corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. He
sold out to John Mathews, and in 1806 became
postmaster at Zanestown. And about this time
came. James Herron, and began to make brick,
the first work of the kind in Zanestown. His
brother, David, a hatter, came soon after, and
James associated with . him in that business.
About this time came Jacob Funk, a blacksmith.
His shop was on the site now the northeast cor-
ner of Main street and Court Alley. And in
the spring of 1803 Christian Spangler, black-
smith, came, and built a shop, on the site now
the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer
alley. At the time of the formation of Mus-
kingum county he was elected a member of the

Board of County Commissioners. He was sub-
sequently a Justice of the Peace, and then Coun-
ty Treasurer.

In 1804 came Spencer Lehew, Peter Mills,

Paul Hahn, and Creighton. Lehew built

his cabin where Colonel Goddard's office now is.
Mills built his cabin, and kept a general store, a
little west of the market-house. Hahn built a
one and a half story double cabin on the site
novv the northwest corner of Fourth and Canal
streets ; it was used as a place for amusements.

General Lewis -Cass located in Zanestown in
1804, and was soon after elected to the Legisla-
ture, where he distinguished himself by his ef-
forts to arrest the progress of the celebrated ex-
pedition of Aaron Burr. He was appointed
Marshal of Ohio, by President Jackson, in 1807,
and afterwards served as Prosecuting Attorney
of Muskingum county. In order to repel Indian
aggressions he entered the Army, and in 181 2
raised the Third Ohio Regiment, which he com-
manded. He subsequently was made a Major
General, and in 18 13 became Governor of the
territory of Michigan, and continued in that posi-
tion until called to the War Department by Gen-
eral Jackson, in 1831. From 1836 to 1842 he
was Minister to France, and afterward was twice
elected to the United States Senate, and subse-
quently was Secretary of State of the United
States.

In 1804 Samuel Thompson kept grocery on
the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets,
and continued the business a number of years.

Samuel Goff", wife, and three children, came
in 1805, from Philadelphia, and built his cabin.
a hewed, double log house, where Jones & Ab-
bott's foundry is. He was a stonemason, and a
decided acquisition to the builders. The same
year Samuel Frazey came to Zanestown. He
was the first to engage in harness making. He
built the first brick house, which was his dwell-
ing and shop.

In 1804 came also Elijah Ross and Peter Mills.
Mr. Ross prospected through the Muskingum
and Miami Valleys, and returned to Zanesville.
He was a gunsmith, and the first in this section
to engage in the business. His dwelling and
shop was built on what is now the northeast cor-
ner of Locust Alley and Second street. In 1812
he was drafted into the United States military
service, and detailed to remain at home and re-
pair guns and accoutrements for soldiers. In
1 8 16 he sold his property and removed to West
Zanesville, where he carried on the business of
a gunsmith until 1823, when he returned to the
east side of the river, and lived for some years
on South Sixth street, and subsequently on Main,
above Seventh. He bored his own gun barrels,
and made the first blowpipes for blowing glass,
and sometimes helped the glass-blowers, being
"a handy man at anything." George Hahn,
Grant Scott, Neil Wilkins, and "Lem" Owens,
were among the Zanesville boys who served ap-
prenticeship with him. Lem Owens was the
noted "Colonel Pluck" of the Fantasticals, else-
where described.

■74

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Mr. Ross was fond of fox hunting, and seemed
never happier than when following his hounds
over the Muskingum hills. He was of a genial
nature, and a total abstainer from intoxicants.
He was the father of twelve children : "Betsy,"
Theodore, "A. C," Ann, Margaret, George,
James, Ruth, Jane, Thomas, Harriet, and Elvira.

Mr. Ross was of Scotch descent. Fle married
Mary (commonly called "Polly") Coffman.
They came from Washington, Pa. Elijah Ross
died November 30, 1864, in the 79th year of his
age, universally respected for his industry and
honesty.

James Culbertson airrived in the spring of 1805.
Being a hatter, he pursued that calling. His
was the second hat shop in the now promising
town. His place of business was where the
southwest corner of Fifth and Market streets now
is. There he continued until he died, Septem-
ber 3, 1836, in the 57th year of his age. In this
year also came Noyce Stone, a carpenter. He
was' appointed Deputy Sheriff and Jailer in 1816 ;
also, Samuel Goff and wife, from England.
Mrs. Goff', having been well educated in Eng-.
land, taught school. They had three children :
Thomas, William^ and Betsy.

Among the more prominent settlers in 1805
were: Daniel Stilwell, who, with his wife and
five children, came from Bucks county, Pa.
His daughter Anna married John C. Stogden,
March 31, 181 1 ; his son John married Anna M.
Adams, September 26, "1844 ; his other daughter

became a Mrs. Smith. Daniel Stilwell

and a granddaughterwere drowned in attempt-
ing to cross the river in a buggy in 1846 ; their
bodies were not recovered for several days.

Isaac Van Home, Senr., came in company
with his uncle Gen. Isaac Van Home, from
Bucks county. Pa. Mr. Van Home was a car-
penter. In 1 8 10 he built a two storv frame
house on what is the northeast corner of Potter
alley and Main street. July 11, 1811, he mar-
ried Patience Hanson. He died September 12,
1824, leaving five daughters and one son.

William Craig, a carpenter, came the same
year ; purchased a lot at the crossing of Fourth
and Market streets, and there built a hewed log
house. In 1806 he was elected Justice of the
Peace, and in 1814 was elected Mayor of the
town. He was a candidate for Governor of
Ohio in i8i4,and, though defeated, received the
appellation of " Governor " Craig. In 1817 the
County Commissioners apppointed him collector
of taxes. Governor Craig gave bond in the
sum of $8,354.08 ; his sureties were James Mc-
Guire, James Hampson, James lierron and
Jacob Linder. He collected the taxes and ran
away with the money. I'he Commissioners
brought suit against his bondsmen for something
over two thdusand dollars. Jas. McGuire was
corripelled to sell nearly all his property, making
him almost a bankrupt. James Linder had to
sell his farm and stock ; he was entirely broken
up. Hampson and Herron paid their quota
without much inconvenience. The Governor
left his wife behind when he departed, but she

followed him ; they settled in St. Louis, Missouri.

Dui-ing this year also came Elijah Hart, hav-
ing a letter of introduction from his old friend
Jeremiah Morrow to his friend Wyllys Silliman,
Register of the Land Office at Jamestown, re-
questing his aid in selecting a farm in the vicin-
ity. Mr. Silliman gave him a letter to Joseph
Vernon, who owned a large and valuable tract
of land in Washington township, afterwards
owned by Moses Robertson. Mr. Hart selected
the farm to the northeast of this tract, and in
November, 1806, returned with wife and children,
four sons and five daughters. Arriving in
Jamestown, he rented a cabin near the. foot of
Main street, opposite Daniel Convers, from
Robert Spear. Mr. Hart died March 17, 1807.

Gen. Isaac Van Home (whose ancestors were
from Holland), came from Bucks county, Pa.
In 1806 he purchased a lot where the Zane House
stands, and upon it built a two story frame house
which was used as a hotel. In 1807 he erected
another frame house on the northwest corner of
Main and Fourth streets, which was known for
many years as the Wickham Hotel. Gen. Van
Home served through the Revolutionary war,
was acquainted with Gen. Washington, a friend
of LaFayette, and met them in Masonic convo-
cations. While in Philadelphia he received a
portrait of Gen. LaFayette. He died in Zanes-
ville, Feb. 2, 1834, in the 82d year of his age.

David J.' Marpole, from Bucks county, Pa., a
carpenter, took much interest in the welfare of
his adopted home. Was a member of the town
council, and for three years, closing with 1810,
represented Muskingum and Guernsey counties
in the Legislature. In 1819 he was cashier of
the old Muskingum Bank ; appropriated money
to his private use, and gave up his property to
satisfy the deficit, turning it over to Ebenezer
Buckingham, president of the bank ; but not
being sufficient, his bondsmen had to make up
the remaining sum. In 1822 Mr. Marpole built
a trading boat and left tor Texas with a load of
produce. He never returned ; probably died
there.

Col. George Jackson came from Clarksburgh,
Va. ; he was elected to the Legislature in 1809-10,
and 1817-18 as a State Senator. Among his
children by his first wife were George W. Jack-
son, William, and a daughter (who became the
wife of Return J. Meigs, Ohio's Governor in
181 2). His second wife was Mrs. Armisted
Adams (married November 16, 1814), by whom
he had one son and thi-ee daughters. Jackson
bought a frame house that stood where the Ma-
sonic Temple now is. He died in 1829.

Gen. Samuel Herrick, lawyer, in 1809 built a
substantial frame dwelling on the southwest cor-
ner of Third and Fountain alley, where he re-
sided a number of years, and removed to his
farm in Wayne township, but practiced his pro-
fession in the city, going in and out as occasion
required. In 1810 he was elected by the Demo-
cratic party to the General Assembly. And the
same year Governor Huntington appointed him
collector of taxes for Muskingum and five other

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHiO.

75.

counties. In 1830 he resigned a public office,
gave up his profession, was baptized into the
Baptist Church by Rev. George Sedgwick ; he
sold his farm and removed to the city and lived
on the corner of Orchard and Underwood streets,
when he died, March i, 1852, in the 74th year of
his age.

William Langley, cooper, and Richard Brook-
over lived with their families in a cabin in the
rear of the Zane House ; built a log cabin one
and a half stories high on the northeast corner
of Fountain alley and Second street, and fol-
lowed his trade of coopering there for many
years. Subsequently he built on the northeast
corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. Mr.
Langley had four daughters and six sons.

Richard Brookover's cabin was in Fountain
alley, in the rear of the present "Courier" office.
In 1806 he moved into a cabin on the site now
occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry ; thence
to a log house on the site of the " Regulator"
building."

James Herron, James McGuire and Wm.
Stinson, influenced by Robert Taylor, came
soon after. McGuire moved from town to his
farm on the Marietta road, and opened a coal
bank. Stinson engaged in freighting, and died
in 1838.

Joseph Beard, a calico printer, native of Eng-
land, came from Marietta. His son, Wm. H.,
became Private Secretary to Governor Meigs ;
who, when appointed Postmaster General, took
young Beard with him to Washington and gave
him an important position. While there he mar-
ried Harriet B. Weston. At the close of the
war with Great Britian he was chosen to convey
the glad tidings to Gen. Harrison, then in com-
mand of the Army of the West, with headquar-
ters at Chilhcothe, then the capital of the State.
In 182 1 he had the contract for carrying the
mail between Zanesville and Lancaster. In
1833 he retired to a farm, but died in Zanesville
December 8, 1870, m the 87th year of his age.
Mrs. Beard died February 4, 1869. They had
lived together fifty-four years.

Hugh and Isaac Hazlett : Hugh was born in
Ireland, and while a mere lad came to America
with his parents. After his arrival in Zanesville
he engaged in merchandising, but subsequently
removed to Newark, Ohio ; he returned, however,
to Zanesville in 1838 and re-embarked in mer-
chandising, and also engaged in the manufacture
of white lead, which he conducted for a number
of years. He died October 9th, 1868, aged 84
years.

Isaac Hazlett also engaged in the mercantile
business. At one time there were three Robert
Hazletts — Hugh's son, Robert the elder, who
was known as Captain "Bob," being Captain of
"The Warren Green's," and his son Robert.
Hugh's son was locally called "Black Bob," be-
cause he had such black hair. Captain Hazlett
died in i860.

Hugh and Isaac Hazlett were in partnership
in the mercantile business on the southwesf corner
of Fountain alley and Fifth street, and continued

there until 1808. They did the largest business
of any of the merchants of that day.

William Montgomery came in 1806. Daniel
and Allen McLain built a house for him, the first
frame house built in Zanesville, but where located
we cannot tell.

In the summer of this year came Samuel Chap-
man— from Marietta — induced by Benjamin Tup-
per, for whom he built a frame dwelling and
store on Front street — the property now owned
by Dr. Nye. This was the secondl frame house
completed in Zanestown.

John Alter, Sr., arrived in 1806. He was a
chair-maker, wheelwright and painter, and just
the man to find a welcome in a new settlement ;
whereupon a number of prominent citizens
agreed to furnish him a comfortable house, with
fuel and provisions free for one year, as an in-
ducement to settle here. The offer was accepted,
and he moved into a log house about where Main
and First streets intersect on the north. In ad-
dition to chair-making, he also made spinning
wheels ; this latter branch soon became so im-
portant that William Calhoun opened up on Sev-
enth street in the same line. In 181 2 he joined
the army. He left his business in charge of Pe-
ter Bowermaster, who afterwards took his place
in the army and Mr. Alter returned to Zansville
cured of his desire for military glory. He died
in Zanesville, September 20, 1879.

During this year also came Thomas Wickham,
carpenter, from Wheeling, with a sick wife and
several children. He built in West Zanesville,
from stone taken from the bed of the river, just
below the present railroad bridge. He subse-
quently kept hotel on the site now the northwest
cornei" of Main and Second streets. In 1817 he
rebuilt a portion of the upper bridge that had
fallen into the river. He subsequently purchased
a farm near Irville and there built a distillery and
made peach brandy for a living.

In 1806 came also Peter Roberts, wife, six
sons and a daughter, all grown. They lived on
the hill, near the old gi'ave yard^ and then re-
moved to the corner of Eighth and Main. His
son Nathan "followed the river."

During this year John L. Cochran, Jacob
Houck and Frederick Houck came. Cochran,
being a carpenter and a young man, easily found
a footing ; and when he was found to be upright
he was made Market Master, Collector of Taxes
and a Councilman.

Jacob Houck was a stonemason and a brick-
layer, and superintended the building of the "old
1809" court house. He was a portly man, and
old citizens remember with . pleasure "his philo-
sophic look, as he lighted his pipe by means of a
sun glass." His family consisted of two daugh-
ters and three sons. Jacob Houck died in 1816.

Frederick Houck, his brother, was also a
stonemason. In winter he turned his attention
to the manufacture of gloves, breeches and vests
of buckskin, and employed quite a number of
his neighbor's daughters in making them.

In 1807 came Dr. Robert Mitchell and built his
cabin on the site of now No. 48 South Fitth street.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

In 1808 came William Launder, Samuel GofF,
William Burnham and James Taylor. Launder
built a two-story log house on the site now occu-
pied bv Mr. E. S. Keene's handsome brick resi-
dence. Mr. Goff built a hewed log house, where
we are not informed by Mr. Church ; he gave
much attention to flower culture and gardening,
and had the first hive of bees in Zanesville.
Burnham settled in that part of this new settle-
ment known as Springfield, and kept "Burn-
ham's Tavern" until 181 1, when he removed to
a frame building on the northwest corner of Main
and Second streets, owned by General Isaac
Van Home, and opened tavern with the sign of
"The Golden Ram" ; i-emained there until 1813,
when he removed to the southeast corner of Main
and Fourth streets into "the old Harvey Tav-
ern." He died in the autumn of 1820, leaving a
large family, and was buried \Vith Masonic hon-
ors from the residence of Seth Adams, on Second
street.

During 1808 also John Alter, Sr., erected
a two-story log house upon a lot purchased from
Dr. Robert Mitchell for one dozen cane-seated
chairs, valued at seventy-five dollars. An old
settler remarked that "chairs were chairs in those
days." John Alter, Jr., was born in this house
before the doors and windows were put in.

During this year James Linn built his cabin on
the site now known as No. 41 South Sixth street.

In 1809 came Alexander McLaughlin, from
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and built a brick house
on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market
streets, at the time the finest residence in all this
region. In 181 2 he sold this property to General
Isaac Van Home, hence its name. In 1819 he
removed to Chillicothe, and after a few years re-
turned and had much to do with getting the Cap-
ital removed from Zanesville to its present loca-
tion. He once owned the land on which it is
situated. His family consisted of two sons and
two daughters.

James Hampson, of Berkeley county, Virginia,
being awarded the contract for building the "old
1809" court house, brought a small force with
him, arriving the loth of April, 1809, his family
following in June, and they became permanent
citizens. Mr. Hampson was subsequently Col-
lector of United States Revenue for the Zanes-
ville District. In 1818 he was elected to the
Legislature, in 1819 was Sheriff, and in 1825
again a member of tlie Legislature. His family
consisted of his wife Sarah, born in Berkeley
county, Virginia, and six children. He died m
Zanesville, March 26, 1843.

John S. Parkinson came in 1810, and moved
his family into a log house on the northeast
corner of Fountain alley and Third street. Dur-
ing the war of 18 12 he began transporting com-
missary stores, and finally entered the army. At
the close of the war Captain Parkinson bought a
farm about two miles southeast of the city. In
1820 he made brick for the Northup warehouse ;
in 1828 he was one of the Ohio Canal contractors,
and, subsequently, for many years a Justice of the
Peace in Wayne township. He died in 187 1.

AN ACT TO INCORPOItATE THE TOWN OF ZANES-
VILLE.

Section i. Be it enacted by the General As-
sembly of the State of Ohio, that all that part of
the town of Zanes.ville, in the county of Mus-
kingum, included in the original plat thereoi,
now on record in the county of Washington, to-
gether with all the additional lots since added
thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum,
and now on record in the county of Muskingum,
be, and the same is hereby erected into a town
corporate, and shall henceforth be known and
distinguished by the name of the "Borough of
Zanesville," subject, however, to such alterations
and regulations as the Legislature may from time
to. time think proper to make."

The remaining twelve sections of this act pro-
vide for the election of officers ; the judges of
election to be elected viva voce ; the oath and
manner of conducting the election ; the corpora-
tion may sue and be sued ;rmay have a common
seal ; the trustees may fill vacancies and make
by-Laws. ; provided, no laws shall ever be
made by them subjecting cattle or hogs not be-
longing to the inhabitants of said Borough to be
taken up and sold for coming within the bounds
of said corporation. The Trustees were author-
ized to lay a tax, provided the "tax so laid in
any one year shall not exceed one half per cent,
on the value thereof," and provides that the
Town Marshall shall be the collector, and pay
over to the Treasurer all sums of money levied
for the use of said Borough, within three months
from the time of receiving the duplicate thereof,
and the Treasurer's receipt shall be his voucher
upon settlement with the Mayor, Recorder and
Trustees ; the manner of collecting tax ; the
Marshall and Treasurer's bond : appeal allowed
to court ; the regulation of imprisonment. This
act was signed by John Pollock, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, and Othniel Looker,
Speaker of the Senate, and bears date January
21, 1814. Januarj)- 16, 1S18, an act was passed
d,efining the limits of Zanesville. This descrip-
tion will be found in the record entitled "the
Town Plat of Zanesville and the siibsequent ad-
ditions thereto and subdivisions of lots."

At the earnest solicitation of some old settlers,
we give the following list of the boys and girls
of 1820 and 1821, revised by L. P. Bailey:

TiiK Boys. — Isaac Dillon, James and Henry
Granger, Robert Hazlett, James V. Cushing,
Jno. and William Latimore, Thomas Planner,
Caleb Johnson, Nathaniel and Charles Wilson,
Gordius, Pascal and Samuel Hall, David Spang-
ler, Charles Hill. Jno. Bliss, Charles Cleveland,
Benjamin Reeve, C. B. Goddard, Chas. Gilbert,
Richard Stilwell, Bernard Van Home, Wm.
Carhart, Franklin Van Home, Jefferson Van
Home, Henry Orndorff, Ezekiel T. Cox, Horatio
Cox, James Ragnet, Dillon Brooks, Gilbert
McFadden, Samuel Richmond, Leonard P.
Bailey, Erasmus Downer, Thomas, William,
Georg6 and Charles Adams, John, Jacob, Adam
and Martin Peters, Dickinson, Thos.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Hughes, Peter Mills, Jr., Thomas Shepherd,
Thomas Goft", Isaiah Miller, John Huntington,
Michael Diilty, Robert Campbell, Samuel
Campbell, Wm. Thompson, James Doster Paul
Hahn, Jesse Roberts, Jno. K. Barret, Geo. W.
O'Harra, Jonas, Henry and Edward Stanbery,
Wm. Harris, Isaac and Jno. Sockman, Jno.
Harrison, Geo. Menely, Geo. Hahn, Lucius
Dubois, R. S. Bostwick, Joseph Springer,

Thomas Miller, Bradley, Zerieth Fulton,

George and Septimus Parker, Noah Z. Mercer,
Joseph Thrap, Thomas Mart, (Dr.) Burnham,
Joseph .Chambers, John Rogers, Benjamin
Wheeler, Franklin Putnam, George L. Clapp,
Joseph R. Thomas, Geo. Worts, Jesse and Jno.
Dare, Harvey, Robert and Jonas Saffbrd, George
White, Wm. Snashall, Solomon Sturges, Wm.
Hadley, Milton B. and. Zattoo Custing, Cyrus
Meriam, Austin Guthire, Brainard Spencer, Ira
Belknap, Washington Haver, Peter Miser,
Samtiel Glass, James Goshen, James Mathews,
Samuel Russell, John Harrison and George
Warner.

The Girls. — Harriet, Sophia and Augusta
Convers, Amelia Mclntire, Caroline Calhoun,
Lizzie and Marian Mart, Ann and Susan Sulli-
van, Harriet Hampson, — '■ Wilson, Elizabeth

and Ann Shepherd, Harriet and Ann Walpole,
Harriet Wesley, Rosanna Perry, Mary Pelham,
Matilda Strayer, Sarah Ann Waglum, Ellen
Worden, Theresa Carhar.t, Kesiah Dillon, Eliza
Price, Betsy Doster, Lavinia Hahn, Mary Hahn,
Sarah, Eliza and Charlotte Spangler, "Kitty"
Helton, Eliza Peters, Margaret and Mary Ann
Thompson, Catharine and Elizabeth Harkins,
Eliza Culbertson, Frances Strickland, Sarah and
Patience Van Horn, Maria and Ann Chambei-s,
Jane and Mary Flood, Caroline Reeve, Mary
and Minerva Herrick, Melvina Mitchell, Louisa
and Matilda Moorehead, Lucinda Molsberry,
Louisa and Deborah Silliman, Emily Cum-
mings, Jane Putnam, Lucy Reed, Lucy Bell,
Eliza Dare, Melissa, Abigail and Sarah
Mathews, Amanda and Eliza Buckingham,

Abigail and Catharine Tupper, Glass,

-Marvin, Sarah Fairlamb, Nancy Stick-

ney, Jerusha Hale, Mary Pardy, Mary Gould
and Mary A. Sloan.

The foregoing recitals concerning the early
settlers of Zanesville have been gleaned from
notes resulting from repeated interviews with
them or their descendants, by Mr. E. H. Church,
and however barren they may seem to those who
have no memories awakened by them, it is but
simple justice to say that they are a noble monu-
ment to the painstaking and adherence to truth
that characterized Mr. Church. And as the
years go by, and history again repeats itself,
whoever will undertake a similar task will at
least fed constrained to join in this tribute to his
■memory. There are those now living, possibly,
who will take these texts and from them utter
sermons of instruction, but it was not the good
fortune of Mr. Church or the writer of these
pages to disco-i^er Jhem. We hear them say-
ing :

" We are gathered here together in the light of happy years,
To relume our lives with the memories of the hardy pioneers ;
We, the children they have nurtured ; we, the children they

have blest,
In the valley, by the river, where their holy ashes rest;
In the valley their afflictions and their blood have sanctified ;
By the river, golden-storied with their worth and virtues

tried."

These were the foundation stones of which
"the City of Natural Advantages" may well be
proud. That they each bore an important part
in the fabrication of the present high state of
prosperity, and the social ties, termed good
society, will more fully appear as we trace their
evolutions. For covenience in this exhibit, we
have arranged the industries in alphabetic order.

Bakeries. — The first to meet the demand for
bread in this region were Mre. Samuel Parker,
Mrs. Christian Spangler, and Mrs. Hillier, in
1807. They baked bread and cakes in "dutch
ovens," and sold the bread at a "fip" {6i cts.)
per pound, and cakes at a "bit" (12^ cts.) per
dozen. The following year one L. Hatman
opened a "bake- shop" on the site now occupied
by Blocksom's drug store. Lewis Verden bought
Hatman out and added the manufacture of candy ,
and after some years sold out to Smith & Nefley,
who in turn sold to Henry Willey. Such were
the beginnings of this business in Zanesville.

Book-Binders. — In 1816 J. Skinner & Co.
started the first book-bindery. In 18 17 they sold
the establishment to A. S. Pennington & Co.,
who sold it back to J. Skinner & Co. in 1819.

Previous to 1822, the proprietors of the "Mus-
kingum Messenger" inaugurated a bindery.
May 22d, . 1822, the business passed into the
hands of Ezekiel T. Cox & Co.

Sullivan & Parsons' Book-Bindery was
established in 1865, by Captain Hugh Dunn, a
practical book-binder, who began in a small,
brick building that occupied a part of the ground
now the sight of the Court House, fronting near-
ly opposite the Atheneum as now situated. This
building was afterwards enlarged to two stories,
and known as "14 North Fourth street." He
subsequently added a "job office," and soon
gained a liberal patronage, printing letter-heads,
bill-heads, and statements, chiefly. In 1869
Mr. E. R. Sullivan was admitted to partnership,
and the establishment was conducted by Dunn
& Sullivan. In 1870 Mr. Dunn retired and was
succeeded by Henry Brown, and the business
was done by Sullivan & Brown. The establish-
ment had to vacate their old stand in 1873, to
make room for the new Court House, and they
then occupied No. 87 Star Block. The working
department was divided and under special man-
agement from 1869 to 1874 — ^^^ book-bindery
under management of Mr. H. H. Barker and
the job printing under Mr. Hiram Mercer, both
skilled workmen.

In 1875 ^^^ '^'^^l change was effected, when
Henry Brown retired and was succeeded by
Henry Parsons, a practical printer, formerly of

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

the "Courier" office. In October they moved into
Maginnis Block, and purchased the frame build-
in the rear formei'ly occupied by F. Abel, which
is occupied with engine, presses, etc.

In 1876 the bindery passed under the control
of Robert Campbell, a skilled workman, and
the job printing under the management of Henry
Parsons, with Mr. Sullivan as manager of the
general business, including the "Times" printing
establishment, with which it is connected.

Sandel's Bindery, and Book and Job Print-
ing Establishment. — L. D. Sandel started his
job printing office at No. 101 Main street in 1870,
and moved to his present location, No. I'ji North
Fourth street, in June, 1876, having purchased
the property ; and soon after he purchased the
machinery and tools for a first-class bindery — a
Hickock ruling machine, pageing machine, table
shears, two presses, and improved tools.

The printing press is run by a Baxter engine,
and the job office is supplied with full fonts of
modern type, borders, cuts, and fancy orna-
ments. The force employed averages six per-
sons, including the proprietor. His work has
been for parties in adjoining counties and out of
the State, as well as for generous patrons at
home.

The Courier Book-Bindery was established
April 1st, 1880. It is fitted up with the latest
improved machinery for manufacturing all kinds
of blank books, binding magazines, journals,
etc., and is superintended by J. D. Rea, former-
ly of Dayton, Ohio, one of the most competent
book-binders in the State. This establishment
is located in a part of the "Courier" office. No. 32
Opera Block, and was inaugurated by the enter-
prising managers of the "Courier" Newspaper
and Job Printing House, now too well known to
need commendation.

Brewers. — The first brewery in Zanesville
was by a Philadelphian, whose name has not
found a record or lodgment in anybody's mem-
ory, but was purchased by one George Painter
in 1807. It was located on the site now the
northwest corner of South and Fifth streets.
Painter continued to brew thereuntil 1811, when
he sold to Jacob Young, who continued the busi-
ness until 1815, when he abandoned the business.
In 1813, about the 17th of November, William
Marshall opened a brewery in a frame building
on the site occupied by Power House, No. 3.
James Boyd was his brewer, and made about
thirty barrels per week. In 181 5 Barton & Mc-
Gowan bought the concern and turned it into a
distillery. In 1816 Joseph Lattimore built a
brewery on the site occupied now by Miller &
Company, pork packers. Caleb Johnson was
the brewer. In 1829 Ballentine & Son bought
the property and continued the business until
1835, when the concern was converted into a
flour mill. In 1835 C. F. Hass built what was
known as the American House Brewery, and
operated it until 1841 . At the death of Mr. Hass,
about 1850, John Classman bought the property
and continued the business three years ; it was
then sold to WilHam Fox. In 1843 Christian F.

Achauer built, near the head of Main street.
This brewery had a capacity of three thousand
barrels per annum.

In 1854 Rev. George F. Goebel and Conrad
Fischer built a small brewery on the northeast
corner of Spring and High streets. They
brewed about two hundred and fifty barrels an-
nually. In 1856 Mr. Fischer withdrew and
Goebel sold the property to Kirsner & Horn,
who continued it until 1865, when the property
was sold to John A. Bremer & Co.

In 1855 Edward Didas began to brew in a
small way. In 1856 Conrad Fischer went into
the business again. In 1874 the firm of Fischer
Brothers made 2,373 barrels of beer. In i860
Sebastian Bohn began brewing ; in 1879 ^^ ^'^^'^
117 barrels of beer. In 1865 the partnership 01
Horn & Co. — consisting of Adolph Horn, Frank
Kirsner, Adolph and Edward Merkle — was
formed, and in 1869 the Merkle brothers bought
out their partners and have since done business
under the name of Merkle Brothers, and in 1876
they brewed 3,407 barrels of beer.

Bridges. — An act of the Legislature, session
of 181 2, authorized Levi Whipple and others to
erect a toll bridge over the Muskingum river,
and provided for the location, which was about
the same as the present Putnam bridge. The
charter was for ninety-nine years. Mr. Whip-
ple associated with him Ebenezer Buckingham,
Benjamin Tupper and. Dr. Increase Mathews,
and at once began to construct the bridge, which
was completed in 18 13. This was not a covered
bridge, and the piers, though the same that now
support the Putnam bridge, were not carried up
to their present height by eight feet. In the
lapse of four or five years the superstructure fell
down, and it was rebuilt about i8i8ori8i9by
"Father Goshen," on his own plan. May 27th,
1845, at night, this bridge was burned. The
loss was estimated at about fifteen thousand dol-
lars. The work of rebuilding was commenced
immediately. Mr. C.,P. Buckingham (now of
Chicago)' informs us that he had the piers fin-
ished as they now are, and the superstructure
built on the same general plan as the upper
bridge. The Main street bridge was built soon
after the Putnam bridge. Jacob Houck built
the stone pier under the forks, which was com-
pleted in 18 13. The woodwork was finished in
1814. Samuel Parker was toll-keeper until a
portion of the east end of the bridge fell into the
river in 1818. Mr. C. P. Buckingham informs
us that it was the crumbling of one of the piers
on which the new superstructure rested tempo-
rarily until the "new pier close to it could be
built up and take the load," that caused the
bridge to fall. Mr. E. H. Church furnished the
following on this subject: "August 21, 1832,
a great freshet had drawn a large number of
people to the bridge, apprehending danger of its
being carried away ; and, strange to relate, with
this danger staring them in the face, many were
on the bridge, when suddenly about three hun-
dred feet of the east end of the bridge fell into
the swollen torrent ; among those who went

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

down into the angry tide were Ebenezer Buck-
ingham and Jacob Boyd. Mr. Buckingham's
body was recovered a few days after, about four
miles below the city, by a Mr. Bliss, who received
the reward of five hundred dollars offered by the
family. It is not known whether Mr. Boyd's
body was recovered or not. The bridge was
repaired soon after, and th^ bridges were subse-
quently made free bridges through the agency of
Edward Ball and others.

The Fifth street bridge was built by the Smith
Bridge Co., Toledo, O., in 1878 ; the stone work
was done by Thomas B. Townsend. The total
cost was twenty-one thousand dollars.

Burying Cases. — As late as 1802 these were
made of bark, peeled from trees of the proper
size to inclose the body ; were lined with leaves
and dry grass and bound together with withes or
sometimes with cords.

In 1802 the first coffin was made of boards ; it
was for Dr. Increase Mathews' first wife ; the
second was made soon after for "Gracy," daugh-
ter of Andrew Crooks. They were made by
Richard McBride. The first hearse seen— here
was owned by John P. Stevens and Henry Mus-
sellman — it was without trimming or lining.

In 1837 the first regular undertaker, Louis
Brenholtz, offered his services. He had a fine
hearse built by William Shultz. The first ready-
made coffins were kept by James Cherry, of
Putnam.

The "King of Terrors" has since made his
havoc more general, and mankind, becoming
more familiar with the inevitable, have demanded
that the habiliments for the dead be kept in read-
iness. To say that this demand has been met
in all its requirements is to repeat a familiar
story ; and to attempt a description of these
things would be as futile as to detail the minu-
tige of the fashions — for fashion has entered this
arena with its inexorable laws.

In 1867 Edmund N. Hatcher commenced un-
dertaking, and in 1873 took his son into partner-
ship, and soon after joined John H. Crooks in
the manufacture of coffins ; they were also deal-
ers in undertakers' supplies. This partnership
was dissolved January ist, 1877, and the parties
severally went into business for themselves. In
1878 Mr. E. N. Hatcher became the author and
publisher of the "Funeral Guide," a very useful
work, "giving the minutest detail of the whole
funeral obsequies."

In 1869 Jonathan Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher and
Jesse F. Hather, under the firm name of Jonathan
Hatcher & Sons, erected the frame building now
occupied by them. [A part of this building was
built by S. S. Mann & Jacob Smith about 1854.]
Here they commenced the first coffin manufac-
tory in Zanesville. The material, chiefly poplar
and black walnut, was purchased in W. Virginia,
and the pine from the pineries of the North. This
firm continued until 1872, when it was changed
to J. Hatcher «& Co., and in 1879 was changed
and incorporated as a stock company, called the
Zanesville Coffin Company, with a capital of
fifty thousand dollars, and the following officers :,

President, Jonathan Hatcher ; Secretary and
Treasurer, Jesse F. Hatcher. Board of Direc-
tors : Jonathan Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher, and Jesse
F. Hatcher. They use water power furnished by
the Improved Muskingum Water Power System.
They require one traveling agent, and the
amount of goods sold annually has reached fifty
thousand dollars. Seven thousand coffins, besides
robes, are manufactured yearly. Their office is
at 108 Main street.

In 1 87 1 Henry Sneerer began undertaking in
the Maginnis Block (North Fifth street), and in
1873 sold out to John H. Crooks, who continued
the business at that place until April, 1879, when
he removed to 38 North Fifth street and con-
tinues the business, supplying and manufactur-
ing.

Carpenters. — A Mr. Lewis and a Mr. Smith
arrived in Zanestown May 10, 1801, and were
employed by John Mclntire at carpentering. In
the spring o"f 1805 John Van Home, in company
with his uncle, Isaac VanHorne (the General),
arrived, and soon after John began working at
his trade. He built a hewed log house on Pine
street, in the Seventh Ward, which was subse-
quently weather-boarded and painted white, a
new occurrence for those days, as it was there-
after known as " the White House . ' ' During this
year also Wm. Craig was engaged at carpen-
tering. In 1806 he was elected Justice of the
Peace. He built a hewed log house for himself
on the northwest corner of Market and Fourth
streets. He was associated with Thomas More-
head in building the first M. E. Church in 1813.
During 1805 J. Marpole, of Bucks county. Pa.,
came to Zanestown, but abandoned his trade for
politics. Noyce Stone came soon alter, and he,
too, "went into politics."

Daniel and Allen McLain came May 2d,
1806; "their first work was on Wm. Mont-
gomery's tavern," the first frame house built in
Zanestown. They also did the wood work on a
brick house built in Zanestown. They also did
the wood work on a brick house built the same
year for Monroe and Convers on the southeast
corner of Main and Fifth streets. This was the
first brick house built in Zanestown.

John A. Cochran arrived in the spring of
1806, and was employed by General Green to
erect a frame dwelling at the head of Fountain
alley.

Samuel Chapman came in the summer of this
year and built a frame house for Benjamin Tup-
per. This is thought to have been the second
frame building erected in Zanestown.

Richard Brookover worked at his trade dur-
ing this year. His family lived with Wm.
Langley, in a cabin which stood in Fountain al-
ley in . the rear of the Courier office as now lo-
cated. Here his daughter, Increase, was born.

June 8th, 1808, Gilbert Blue and his young
bride arrived from Pittsburg, Pa. In 1820 he
erected a frame dwelling for Rev. David Young,
on the southwest corner of Second and Main
sti-eets. In 1824 he built a three-story frame for
a hotel for Fulton & Parker on the site now oc-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

cupied by the "Clarendon" ; and in 1845-6
he and Robert Hazlett built the steamer "Put-
nam."

Joseph Hocking came in 1808 ; during the
winter of 1809-10 he surperintended the carpenter
work on the residence of Alexander M. Laugh-
lin, corner of Sixth and Market streets.

Captain James Hampson was in Zanestown in
1801, but did not locate here until June, 1809,
when he became one of the contractors for the
erection of the State House. He was subse-
quentl}' well known as a contractor.

William Blocksom came in 1809 and was asso-
ciated with James Hampson in building the State
House. In 18 17 he formed a partnership

with Mr. Fracker, and they built many

houses.

James Millis came in 1820 ; his first work was
on the Northrup warehouse at' the foot of Filth
street. In 1822 he built for himself a two-story
brick dwelling on the southeast corner of Sixth
and Marietta streets. In 1828-9 he built the
first brick M. E. Church (Rev. Nathan Emory,
pastor), and did the carpenter woi-k on the sec-
ond M. E. Church in 1842- Mr. Millis was
ninety-five years old January 30, 1880, and oc-
cupied the house No. 96 South Sixth street,
built by him in 1822.

Carpet Weavers. — The first person to en-
gage in carpet weaving, in 1812, had a room
on" the northeast corner of Fourth and Spruce
streets. In 1818 James Covington was doing
carpet weaving one and a half miles west of
Putnam.

In 1818 Moses Dillon built woolen mills at the
mouth of the Licking river and put in a patent
loom for making all wool ingrain carpets and
coverlets. The style of those goods was known
as the "Rose and Thistle" pattern. One of
those carpets was presented as a wedding gift
to Mrs. Dr. Washington Morehead, March 21st,
1830, and seems to have been a very notable
event, as mention is made of it in several places
in old chronicles.

Ci-ocK Makers. — Richard and George
Reeve, Sr., were engaged in this and the jewel-
ry business as early as 1809. Their place of
business was on Third street near the site now
occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry. They
made the old time tall case clock, to stand on
the floor — one for Dr. Increase Mathews, one
for John Mclntire, and one for L. P. Bailey.
The latter is in good preservation and bids fair
to last a century. About 1815 the firm removed
to what is now No. 92 Main street, and were
subsequently succeeded by Harry S afford and
Charles Dickinson. During this year Francis
Cleveland and John Bliss were in the business
on Main street opposite the court house. Mr.
Charles Hill was in their employ and subse-
quently formed a partnership with Mr. A. C.
Ross in the jewelry and watch making busi-
ness. They were, also, superior copper plate
engravers, and made many of the "shin-plaster"
plates.

Cotton Factory. — In 1829 Jeremiah Dare
built a machine shop in the upper story
of his woolen factory, having sent to
Baltimore, • Maryland, for skilled work-
men— Elias Ebert, Benjamin J. Wood, George

Martin, Shipley and John Pardington —

and constructed the machinery for a cotton fac-
tory which was built,in the building now used
by Duval & Co., northeast corner of Third and
Market streets. Mr. Dare and his son John D.
Dare operated this mill until 1832, when they
turned the lower story into a machine shop,
where they made cotton and wool manufacturing
machinery. They made cotton yarn and bat-
ting. Cotton yarn was legal tender hereabouts
in those days. Their store was in a one-story
frame building that stood on the northwest cor-
ner of Third and Main streets, the site now oc-
cupied by Joseph Crosby's grocery store. Dur-
ing the month of December, 1846, a subscription
was taken among the business men for the pur-
pose of establishing a cotton mill on a larger
scale, and a company known as the Zanesville
Cotton Mill was inaugurated with the following
stockholders :

John A. Adams, George A. Jones, Wm. GaH-
gher, Nathan Gattrell, Stephen R. Hosmer,
Adam Peters, James L. Cox, Samuel Cox, E.
E. Filmore, David H. Lyman, J. V. Cushing
and Daniel Convers, subscribing, together, four-
teen thousand dollars, and Richard HufF sub-
scribing seven thousand dollars ; a total of twen-
ty-one thousand dollars.

The company organized by electing the fol-
lowing officers : President, John A. Adams ;
Secretary, David H. Lyman ; General Superin-
tendent, Richard HufF.

The first month's work reported, beginning
January loth, 1847, and ending February 6th,
1847, was as follows:

Yarns, pounds of, 6,409 : batting, pounds of,
2,115 ; made on 500 spindles. Mr. Huft^ informs
us that he could start the cotton at the picker
and in three hours have it ready for sale.

In 1854 Mr. Galigher built a large cotton mill
on the southwest corner of Underwood and Zane
streets, and manufactured sheeting, batting and
yarns, continuing in the business until his
death, February 17, i860. The mill was subse-
quently sold to Mr. E. Mathews. The machin-
ery was purchased by Richard Hufl", a skilled
workman, and superintendent of the Zanesville
Cotton Mill. Mr. N. White superintended for
Mr. Galigher, and was well skilled in the busi-
ness.

The date of sale of the Zanesville Cotton
Mill does not appear from the records at our ser-
vice, but under the subsequent management it
appears that " the purchasers met at the office
of George James, in June, 1855, and George
James acted as chairman, and William Taylor
as secretary." " The capital stock, for the
present, is fixed at the same, twenty thousand
dollars, to be divided into shares of five hundred
dollars each ; each stockholder to be allowed

STORE OF L. WILES &

In 1837 Lawson Wiles, the present senior member of the
house, settled at Zanesville. He was born in Frederick county,
Maryland, July 3, 1814. During the spring of 1815 the family
removed to Springfield township, Muskingum county. Here
were passed the days of boyhood and youth, receiving the ben-
efits of a practical education. In his •seventeenth year he
began life as a teacher in one of the subscription schools.
From 1831 to 1837 during the winter season he officiated as a
teacher, and in the summer profitably eajployed his time upon
a farm. In 1837 Mr. Wiles made a purchase of a small stock
of groceries, and began in business in what is now the Ninth
ward. This store was located on the Main street at that time,
and a removal was subsequently made to a larger store, oppo-
site the old Market House, on the corner of Putnam avenue
and Madison street. The business grew steadily from that

SONS, Zanesville, Ohio.

time until the present. 8. L. and C. C. Wiles, who were edu-
cated to business pursuits from their earliest years, were
admitted to partnership in 1870. The new firm, abandoning
their old business quarters in Putnam street, moved to what is
commonly termed Zanesville, and embarked in an exclusive
wholesale and retail dry goods trade at No. 93 Main street,
where a. prosperous trade was transacted up to 1871. That
year they occupied the old building on the present site of the
new brick. This structure was completed in 1876. It is three
stories in height, one hundred and eight feet deep, and twenty
feet wide. It is undeniably the best adapted for the purpose
for which it is intended of any similar establishment in the
city. All goods are purchased at a low figure, imported and
otherwise, principally for cash, and purchasers are assured of
low prices and reliable goods.

THE SHINNICK BLOCK, Mam Street, Zanesville.

In 1839 W. M. Shinnick, the senior member of the firm of
Shinnick & Sullivan, first settled in Zanesville. For a period
of years he was engaged in the manufacture of rope, in connec-
tion with his brother, who had previously moved to the town.
In 1848 he embarked in the stove and house-furnishing trade,
in which he has since remained. To Mr. Shinnick is due the
credit of Zanesville having one of the largest stove foundries
in the State. It was projected in 1865 and completed in 1869,
at an estimated cost of $75,000. This is to-day, and has been
from the start, one of the soundest institutions of the West.
In 1880 John C. Sullivan was admitted to partnership in the
stove and house-furnishing department of Mr. Shinnick's ex-
tensive business. In March of 1882, the firm began the erec-
tion of a new building, where ample storage capacity could be

secured, due to the vast proportions their trade was assuming.
The Shinnick Block was completed at the close of the summer
of 1882, and is one of the finest business blocks in the city. It
was erected at a large cost; is three stories in height, with a
front of seventy-five feet, and is ninety-five feet in depth. The
store was opened to the public September 5th, 1882. The third
floor IS intended for a public hall. It is well ventilated, well
lighted, contains twenty-five large windows, and is one of the
public halls in the city. It was leased by the Knights of
Labor, prior to the erection of the building, and is elegantly
furnished. Mr. Shinnick is Vice President of the First Na-
tional Bank. He also holds a prominent position in the
Masonic fraternity.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

one vote for each share of stock paid up." The
following is a list of the shareholders :

Biizil Burton, eight shares of $500 $4,000

Jes^5e Duvitll, eiKht shares of $5U0 4 000

S. R. Hosiner, four shares of $500 2,000

Wm. Galigher, four slmre^^ of $500 2,000

.1. A. Adams, four sli^res of $500 2,000

Samuel Clark fom- shares of $500 2,000

George James, four shares of $00 2,000

.J. Galigher, !wo shares of $500 1,000

Ailam Peters, two sliares < f $500 1,000

Total, forty shares $20,000

The Star Cotton Mii-ls Company gave a
deed of trust to W. A. Graham and C. W . Pot-
win, which was foreclosed and the property
sold to Hoover and Allison, the present proprie-
tors, February 27, 1879. R. A. Kelly, general
manager, and General Artemus Schofield super-
intendent. The cotton is shipped from Mem-
phis and Nashville, Tenn., and other choice
markets in the South. The appliances for pre-
paring the cotton for working into the products
of the mill are among the best ; the mill contains
eighteen cards and two thousand spindles. The
products of the mills are 50D pounds carpet
woof, 300 pounds of rope, in various sizes, 250
pounds seamless bags and 400 pounds wrapping
twine, per day ; and the firm employ seventy-five
hands ; the monthly pay-roll is about $ i .400.
This industry has had many a struggle since its
inception, but, judging from the business now
done, success is crowning the enterprise. It is
among the most important of the many manu-
facturing establishments in Zanesville.

Dams. — About 1810, Isaac Zane, son of Jona-
than Zane, yielding to the advice of his father,
built the first dam at Zanesville. The tradition
is that the elder Zane promised his son a half in-
terest in the dam if he would build it. To com-
plete the work, Isaac had to borrow two thous-
and dollars, to secure which he mortgaged a
thirty acre tract of land, owned by him. When
the dam was completed, the old gentleman came
over from Wheeling, on horseback, and sold the
dam to Moses Dillon and Sons, put the money
into his saddle-bags and returned to Wheeling,
leaving his son two thousand dollars in debt!
and no interest in the dam. The effect of this
act, if the story is true, was to build another
damn, in the minds of those who sympathized
with young Zane. The former was called " the
Licking Dam," and the latter was prefixed with
an invocation to Deity.

The next dam was provided for by charter, as
follows :

"Charter granted John Mclntire and his as-
sociates, to erect a dam above the Licking, at
a point nearly opposite Market street.
"The said dam to commence at an abutment
made in the river, two chains from the east bank
of said river, in circular form, to an abutment
on the west bank of said river. The said dam
not to exceed a level of five feet at the abutment
in the rjygr ; and build a slope of thirty feet wide,

one .inch fall to every foot in length. The said
John Mclntire and associates shall, at all times,
keep the slope in good repair for the passage of
rafts. From the abutment in the river, near the
eastern bank, he shall erect a wing dam, par-
allel with the bank of the river, the wing dam to
extend from the abutment to a point of rocks op-
posite to the terminus of an alley, which passes
by the house of said Mclntire (Fountain alley) ;
the said John Mclntire and associates shall con-
struct good and sufficient locks for boats ascend-
ing and descending the river ; the locks to be
not less than twenty-five feet wide, and not less
than ninety feet long ; to keep said locks in good
repair, and keep a person to lock the crafts
through, without delay, and free of expense to
the owners of the crafts. John Mclntire and
associates to be granted the permission to cut the
canal one chain and fifty links, below the lower
( Putnam )bridge ; the water to pass into the river
through locks built of good cut sandstone,
twenty-five feet wide and ninety feet long ; to be
granted the privilege of collecting toll at these
locks when constructed, at the rate of twenty-
five cents per ton for every boat or water craft ;
crafts with a capacity of less than a ton, six
cents for every hundred weight ; every empty
porogue, or canoe, twenty-five cents. John Mc-
lntire and associates to pay all expenses tor
keeping the locks in repair ; the dam and canal
to be completed within six j-ears after the pas-
sage of this act.

Mathias Corwin,
Speaker of the House.
Thomas Kirker,
President of the Senate.
Passed Feb. 21, 1812."

DisTiLi^ERiEs. — The first distillery was built
on Mill run, near Zanestown, in 1808, by Spen-
cer Lahew.

In 1813, Barton and McGowan had a distillery
on the site now occupied by Power House, No. 3.

In 1815, Valentine Best paid a tax of $566.79
for manufacturing whisky. Spencer Lahew
paid a tax of $159.20 ; Joseph Sheets paid a tax
of $550.40 ; and John Sidell paid a tax of
$332.27. The location of the latter two is
unknown.

Express Companies. — The first business of
this kind, in Zanesville, was the "Pony Ex-
press," inaugurated by the Postoffice Depart-
ment at Washington, D. C, in 1836, to carry
important mail and other light matter. This ex-
.press passed through this city to Columbus, and
made the trip between the two places in five
hours. The distance was estimated at fifty-four
miles. Mr. A. B. Dumm was one of the ex-
press riders from Zanesville to Columbus. Dur-
ing this year, D.Tallmadge started and ran "mail
stage lines between Zanesville (Ohio) and Mays-
ville (Kentucky). The Bainbridge and Cincin-
nati, Lancaster and Columbus Pilot line, of four-
horse post coaches, leaves Zanesville every
morning at 8 o'clock, running through Lancas-
ter, Chillicothe and Bainbridge, to Maysville,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

(Kentucky), connecting at Bainbridge with this
line to Cincinnati, through Maysville in 36 hours,
or to Cincinnati in 48 hours. For seats in Zanes-
ville, apply at the office of Neil, Moore & Co.'s
General Stage Office, National House."

Prior to 1846, James D. Burr, Charles E.

Brown, and Himple, were running a daily

stage line over the National road, between
Wheeling and Zanesville ; and during this year
they began a regular express business, in con-
nection with Cass & Co.'s Ohio River Express.
Henry Orundorf was the first Zanesville agent.
He had his office in the old stage tavern. This
express business fell into the hands of the Adams
Express Company, in July, 1854. '^^^ present
officer and assistants of this company, are :
Thomas Brown, agent; Thomas Scott, bill
clerk, and John Scott, driver. Office, 15 North
Fourth street. The American 'Expregs Company
opened their office April ist, 1852. A. C. Ross,
then a jeweler, acted as their first agent, at a
salary of fifty dollars per annum.

The B. & O. Express Company opened their
office in Zanesville, September 12th, 1871. Their
present officers are : J. C. Gerwick, agent ;
Frank Schultz, clerk. Office, Main street, next
to Deposit Bank.

File Manufactory. — In 1854, Henr}^ Rockel
inaugurated this industry, and still continues the
business, having made it a success.

Founders and Machinists. — In 1819, Thos.
L. Pierce started a foundry on the site now owned
by Jacob Smith & Co. In 1827, Richmond and
Robert Bostwick purchased the business. In
1832, John A. Adams and Benjamin Wheeler be-
came their successors. In 1839, *^hey built on the
site now occupied by Jones & Abbott, and con-
tinued the business until 1848, when the firm
changed to Gilbert & Wheeler, who continued
the business until 1863, when Sullivan & Herd-
man became proprietors. In 1866, Charles H.
Jones was admitted to the firm, and in 1871
Charles H. Abbott became a partner, and the
firm name was changed to Jones & Abbott, who
continue the business on an extensive scale.

In 1826, William Blocksom and John T.
Fracker built a foundry in Fountain alley, be-
tween Sixth and Seventh streets, where they
conducted a general foundry business until the
fall of 1833, when Mr. Fracker withdrew, and
was succeeded by George Wand, A. P. Block-
som, (son of William Blocksom), and Henry
Blandy, who did business under the name of
Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and soon after leased
the Dillon's Falls Furnace and Forge, for two
years, when they did business under the name
of Dillon, Blandy & Co., and in 1835 this firm
dissolved. In 1838, Henry Blandy, William
Blocksom, aud his sons, G. W. and A. P.
formed a partnership, and operated under the
name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and contin-
ued the business until 1840, when Mr. Blandy
withdrew and formed the firm of H. and F.
Blandy, who prepared for a large business, and
in 1866 employed three hundred and twenty

men, and did business amounting to seven hun-
dred and eighty thousand dollars. Their busi-
ness has been constantly increasing and is now
very large.

In 1830, John D. Dare andElias Ebert began
to do business, under the name of Dare & Ebei't,
and built the first steam engine made in Zanes-
ville. In 1832, this firm became Dare, Whitaker
& Co., and continued the business until 1837,
when Ebert and Whitaker withdrew and built a
new shop, on the corner of Sixth and Main
streets, where they operated until 1840, and the'n
built the shops now occupied by Griffith &
Wedge, on South Fifth street. This establish-
ment passed into the hands of Griffith & Wedge
about 1856, and they continue to do business
there, with very greatly enlarged buildings and
facilities.

In 1839, John T. Fracker and his son, John T.,
built a small foundry, on the southwest corner pf
Locust alley and Sixth street, where they made
small castings, chiefly. In 1850 this firm changed
to John T. Fracker & Bro., and in 1852 to John
T. Fracker, Jr., who continued the business un-
til 1870.

In 185 1, the firm of Douglas, Smith & Co.
was formed, and carried on the foundry business
until the breaking out of the War of the Rebel-
lion, and was then changed to Douglas Brothers,
but failed soon after.

January ist, 1866, William M. Shinnick,
Daniel Hatton, George D. Gibbons, and William
J. Woodside, entered into partnership, under the
name of Shinnick, Hatton & Co., for the pur-
pose of doing foundry business, and occupied
the old Blocksom foundry, on Fountain alley,
which they enlarged. In 1870 this firm name
was changed to Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons.
The establishment is known as the Union Foun-
dry.

Iron Furnaces. — In 1818, Abraham Wood
and Elias Eber.t, under the firm name of Wood
& Ebert, started a blast furnace at the mouth of
Simms' creek, where they made pig iron for a
few years ; much of thfs was used in T. L.
Pierce's foundry, and by the Reeves' in their
nail and bar iron works. The business was
closed in 1822.

In 1830, Jeremiah Dare was engaged in the
manufacture of castings, machinery, etc. From
this small beginning, sprung the great works of
Duvall & Co., northeast corner of Third and
Market streets.

In 1848, John Newell, W. T. Davis, John J.
James, John H. Jones, Benjamin Louth, and
William James, under the firm name of Newell,
Davis, James & Co., with a capital of $20,000,
was organized. The company passed through
various vicissitudes until July 3d, 1857, when it
was incorporated as the Ohio Iron Company,
with a capital of $75,000. The directory, at the
time of organization, consisted of Henry Blandy,
President, C. W. Potwin, Secretary, Samuel
Baird, Treasurer, E. B, Greene and E. E. Fil-
more.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

§.1

The present officers are : President, James
Herdman ; Secretary and Treasurer, Oliver Ong ;
Superintendent, W. P. Brown ; Directors, James
Herdman, M. Churchill, W. A. Graham, Thos.
Griffith, F. J. L. Blandy, Alex. Grant and T.
W. Gattrell.

In 1859, the Zanesville Furnace Company was
organized, with the following membership : Na-
than Gattrell, George A. Jones, William Fox,
Joseph Black, John C. English, Samuel Baird,
Charles W. Potwin, and Duston H. Willard.

The capital was divided into shares of $1,000
each. They manufactured pig iron. The bus-
iness was purchased by the Ohio Iron Com-
pany, in 1862. The present officers of the Ohio
Iron Company are: President, M. Churchill;
Secretary and Treasurer, C. W. Greene.

Zanesville Gaslight Company. — The in-
flammable aeriform fluid was first evolved from
coal by Dr. Clayton, in 1739. Its application to
the purposes of illumination was first tried by
Mr. Murdock in, Cornwall, in 1792. The first
display of gaslights was made at Boulton &
Watts' foundry, in Birmingham, England, on
the occasion of the rejoicings for peace in
1802. Gas was permanently used, to the exclu-
sion of lamps and candles, at the cotton mills of
Phillips and Lee^ in Manchester, in 1805. The
streets of New York, (the first in the United
States), were first lighted with gas in the winter
of 1823-4. The first gas used in Zanesville,
Ohio, was in November, 1849, ^^^ Zanesville
Gaslight Company having been incorporated
and built in the early part of the same year.

The capital stock of this company — $50,000 —
is held by about forty persons. From the time
the works were built until 1867, one gasometer,
or holder, was sufficient ; during that year an-
other was built, and in 1880 a third was added.

From 1849 to 1852, John Graves was the Su-
perintendent, and from that year until 1865 A. J.
Printz held that position, since which time his
son, Eugene Printz, has filled the office. In 1865,
the company charged $4.18 per thousand feet for
gas ; in 1880 it was reduced to $2.00 per thous-
and feet. In 1880 the number of consumei's
amounted to 900, and the number of street lamps
lighted 400, requiring about twenty miles of pipe,
two miles of which was laid that year.

The Directors and officers are elected by the
stockholders annually. In 1881 they were as
follows : •

A. C. Ross, H. Stanbery, Dr. C- C- Hildreth,
M. M. Granger, D. C. Convers, Dii-ectors.

The Directors at once met and elected the fol-
lowing officers : A. C. Ross, President ; Alex.
Grant, Treasurer ; A. Guille, Secretary ; Eugene
Printz, Superintendent.

The works are located on Sixth street, between
Center and Howard streets.

Glass. — The oldest specimen of glass bearing
anything like a date, is a little molded lion's head,
bearing the name of an Egyptian King of the
eleventh dynasty. It is in the Slade collection
of the British Museum. This djmasty may be

placed about 2000 B. C. Glass was not only
made but made with skill at that time, which
shows that the art was nothing new. The inven-
tion of glazing pottery with a film, or varnish, of
glass is so old that among the fragments which
bear inscriptions of the early Egyptian mon-
archy, are heads, probably of the first dynasty.
Of later glass, there are numerous examples, such
as a head found at Thebes, which has the name
of Queen Hatasoo of the eighteenth dynasty. Of
the same period, are vases and goblets and many
fragments. It cannot be doubted that the story
of Pliny, which assigns the credit of the inven-
tion to the Phoenicians, is so far true, that these
adventurous merchants brought specimens to
other countries from Egypt.

The first glass works in Zanesville was duly
chartered by the Legislature, May 13, 18 15, with
a capital fixed at $50,000. [See book D., p.
631, Muskingum County Records.] The works
were known as the "White Glass Works," and
were located on the site that is now the south-
west corner of Third and Market streets. Some
of the first shareholders were Isaac Van Home,
Samuel Sullivan, Samuel Hen-ick, Rees Cad-
walader, David J. Marpole, John Hamm, and
Ebenezer Buckingham. Samuel Sullivan was
President of the company, and John Hamm,
Secretary. Edmund Jones was Acting Superin-
tendent. Elijah Ross made the blow pipes.
Mr. Ross was the father of our worthy towns-
man, A. C. Ross.

In 1816, James Taylor and Alexander Culbert-
son built a window glass house on a site opposite
the first canal locks, a little south of Slagor run.
Mr. Culbertson operated there until 1823, when
he died, after which Arnold Lippet, Thomas
Murdock and Joseph Cassel operated the estab-
lishment, successively.

In 1820, Thomas Mark leased and operated
the "White Glass Works." At the expiration of
two years, the works passed into the hands of
Rev. Joseph Shepherd, Charles Bostwick and
James Ci'osby, and they continued the business
until 1835, when Mr. Bostwick withdrew ; three
years later, Mr. Shepherd retired, and Mr.
Crosby continued the business alone until 1839,
when he closed the works.

About 1842, George W. Kearns, Joseph Burns,
W. F. Spence, Thomas Reynolds, George
Wendt and Samuel Turner, practical glass-
blowers from Pittsburg, paid Mr. Crosby five
hundred dollars each and began operating the
works. They gave employment to about forty
men. In 1844, Mr. Reynolds and Mr. Wendt
sold their interest to the remaining partners ; in
1846, Messrs. Turner and Spence disposed of
their interest. Subsequently, Arnold Lippet
obtained an interest in the works. In 1848, Mr.
Burgess withdrew, leaving Mr. Lippet alone —
he abandoned the works — and, after operating
the Cassel Window Glass Works as a bottle
works for a short time, retired from the glass
business.

In 1849, Messrs. Kearns, Burns and John W.
Carter built the first bottle factor^ in Putnam.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Noah Kearns, R. N. Dunlap and Jacob Stimley
have had an interest in these works at different
periods. The business was discontinued in 1877.

In i860, G. W. Kearns, Noah Kearns and
Joseph Burns rented, and soon after purchased,
the Flint Glass House, built in 1852 by Wm. C.
Cassel and Wm. Galligher, at the foot of Main
street, In 1863, they built a new establishment —
using the old one for a warehouse. The new works
were operated in 1880 by Kearns, Herdman and
Gorsuch. In 1864 Mr. Burns died, and his heirs
withdrew their interest from the works. G. W.
and Noah Kearns then built their glass house
on the southwest corner of Main and First
streets, and manufactured window glass exclus-
ively. They ran both factories until 1868, when
they were joined by James Herdman and Joseph
T. Gorsuch ; in 1874, Wm. T- Gray became a
member of the firm; in 1877, G. W. Kearns
withdrew and built the Seventh Ward Bottle
House, which is in successful operation.

For the data of Zanesville glass works, we are
indebted to Messrs. G. W. Kearns, S. P. Bailey
and William Bay, of Zanesville, and J. B. H.
Bratshaw, of Detroit, formerly of this city.

Hatters. — 1800— The beautiful hat and fur
stores which adorn Zanesville, in our day, had
their origin in a log shanty, in what is now the
Seventh Ward, in 1806. A Mr. Molesberry
began the manufacture of hats. He was the first
hatter in Zanestown. James Jennings, hatter,
came in 1801, and also located in "Natchez,"
now known as the Seventh Ward.

In 1803, David Herron came and built a log
house, and in partnership with his brother
James (who made the first brick in Zanesville),
carried on the hatter's business for many years.

1805. — Mr. James Culbertson, the hatter,
engaged in the manufacture of wool hats, -and
caps from the skin of muskrat, coon and other
fur-bearing animals, which were then plentiful
in the countiy. Mr. Culbertson's shop was loca-
ted on the southwest corner of Fifth and Market
streets. In this shop was made the first silk hat
manufactured in this city.

1812. — Among the first to engage extensively
in the manufacture of felt hats, was Richard
Galagher, at shop southwest corner of Fifth
street and Locust alley. Here he carried on the
business until 1832 ; he died at Louisville, Ky.,
while on his way home from a trading trip down
the river.

1817. — Walter McKinney openedxa hat store
at what is now 1 7 1 Main street, Zanesville. This
lot was then occupied by a small brick store.

James Dutro opened a hat and fur store in
1820, in an old frame building, which then occu-
pied 202 Main street.

Other early hatters here were Mr. Mathew
Ferguson, 1820, and J. B. Allen, 1827.

Land Office. — In the year 1800, Wyllys Silli-
man was appointed Register, and General Isaac
Van Vorne Receiver of the Land Office located
at Zanestown.

The following was found in the "Muskingum
Messenger" of July 27, 1814:

"Land Office at Zanestown. — July ist,
1814. Whereas, it is provided by the 5th section
of an act of Congress passed on the loth day of
May, 1800, entitled "An Act to amend an Act
providing tor the sale of the lands of the United
States, in the territory northwest of the Ohio,
and above the mouth of the Kentucky river,'
as follows, viz : 'If any tract shall not be com-
pletely paid for within one year after the date of
the last payment, the tract shall be advertised
for sale by the Register 01 the Land Office
within whose district it may lie, in at least five
of the most public places in the said district, for
at least twenty days before the day of the sale ;
and he shall sell the same at vendue, during the
session of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the
county in which the Land Office is kept, for a
pi'ice not less than the whole arrears due thereon,
with the expenses of sale,' the surplus, if any,
shall be returned to the original purchaser or to
his legal representatives ; but if the sum due,
with interest, be not bidden and paid, then the
land shall revert to. the United States, and all
monies paid therefor shall be forfeited, and the
Register of the Land Office may proceed to dis-
pose of the same to any purchaser, as in the
case of other lands at private sale.

In fursnance whereof. Public notice is hereby
given, that the following tracts not being com-
pletely paid for, and one year having elapsed
since the last installment became due, the said
tracts will be exposed for sale at public vendue,
during the sitting of the Court,' on Monday,
August 29th, at 10 o'clock a. m. Those tracts
not sold may be entered next morning at 5
o'clock.'

If the owner, or owners, of any tract of land,
or any person in his or her behalf, shall pay the
purchase money, interest and costs, prior to the
day designated for sale, no sale of such tract
shall take place :

Peter Sprinkle, se. qr. sec. 12, T. 3 R. 3.

Thos. Knowles, mv. qr. sec, 8, T. i R. 3.

Wm. Gibson, s\v. qr. sec. 22, T. 4 R. 3.

Wm. Claypool. ne. qr. sec. 24, T. 3 R. 9.

Wm. Robinson, ne. qr. sec. 13, T. 4 R. 6.
same ne. qr. sec. 8, T. 4 R. 6.

same ne. qr. sec. 3, T. 4 R. 6.

Wyllys Silliman,
Register Land Office."

LivKRY Stable. — This is one of the necessities
in every community, and yet seldom mentioned as
such. The transition from village to city life,
however, is demonstrated by the inauguration of
the convenience of the livery stable, and the
oldest inhabitant invariably recognizes this as a
land mark and an important feature of the past.

From the Zanesville "Express," of September
30th, 1818, the following was obtained :

'■'■Livery Stable. — Horses, wagons, gigs and
apparatus constituting a livery establishment,
kept, to let, exchange, or sell, at'the stable in rear
of the Zanesville Coffee House, where travelers

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and 3thers may be accommodated with the op-
portunity to barter, buy or sell any of the ap-
purtenances common to the establishment, as
their circumstances may dictate."

James M. Prescott & Co."
This was the lirst establishment of the kind, as
far as we have any record.

Marble Works. — Prior to 181 2, Rev. Joseph
Shepherd was engaged in making tombstones,
on North Fifth street, near Market street. At
that time no marble was imported, and tomb
stones were made of sand stone, and sometimes,
though rarely, from lime stone. Preacher Shep-
herd worked during the week days at this busi-
ness and preached on Sundays. The inscrip-
tions on such stones yielded to the wintry blasts
and scorching rays ot summer sun, and many,
now to be seen in the City Cemetery, are as
black as before they were cut.

In 1847, S. G. McBride bought out this busi-
ness and continued it for some years. Such
were the pioneers who opened the way for the
present mammoth establishments ; whose rooms
are adorned with rarest marbles and enduring
granites, cut and shaped in significant beauty.
Indeed, monumental architecture is now one of
the fine arts.

Market House. — At a meeting of the Town
Council, June 5, 1814, the expediency of erect-
ing a public Market House was considered, and
thereupon application was made to the County
Commissioners for permission to erect a house
for this purpose. The site chosen was known as
the Public Square, the same now occupied by
the court house and jail. The petition was not
granted, and the Council decided to erect the
building on Market street, east of Court alley,
now occupied by the market house, and
built a frame structure, fronting thirty-five feet
on Market street and having a depth of forty-
three feet. The contract was let to John L. and
James Cochran, for one hundred and fifty dollars,
and after its completion John L. Cochran was
appointed Market Master, for which he was al-
lowed fifty dollars per annum. He was also
Town Marshal, with a compensation of one hun-
dred and fifty dollars per annum.

As might be inferred, this market house was a
frail structure, for none other could be built for
the price, and it proved to be too slight to bear
up the snow that fell on the roof, as on the 24th
of January, 1863, it came down with a crash,
killing, maiming, wounding and bi-uising many.
From the "Courier" of that date, we learn that
Mrs.. Mary A. Gary, wife ofD. B. Gary, attorney,
then in the army, Mrs. Nelson, of the Third
ward, Mrs. Smith, of South Sixth street, Chris-
tian Riedel, a baker, on Market street, were
killed ; and Mr. Achauer, David Edwards, John
Stevens, Wm. Taylor, H. McCall, Mr. Stotts,
John O'Harra, Thomas Durban, Policeman, Joe
Johnson, Mrs. Carlow, George Miller and Mrs.
Miller, were wounded and bruised ; Amos Risley,
John Beck and twenty others were bruised and
otherwise injured.

Stone Masons. — In the fall of 1799, David
Beam came to the new settlement. He built the
stone chimney for John Mclntire's log cabin.
In December, 1801, he built the stone chimney
for J. F. Monroe's log house, on the southeast
corner of Second and Main streets.

Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., arrived in the
latter part of the year 1800. There is, however,
no record of his early work.

Samuel GofF and family came in 1805. He
was a brick and stone mason, and built chim-
neys.

In 1805, Jacob Houck was one of the masons
and became noted as a skilled woi-kman, and in
1809 worked upon the old State House.

Thomas Goff learned the trade with Jacob
and worked at it in 1812-13, and his son, Wil-
liam, became a bricklayer, but became partly
insane from a blow on the head. "Billy Goft"
was well known. Other masons of that period
were Daniel Holton, Elijah H. Church and John
P. Coulton. Mr. Church learned his trade with
the latter. e. h. c.

Brick. — First made in 1802, by James Herron,
brother of David, the hatter. In the following
year, he made another kiln of bricks, Mr. Brazilla
Rice, a New Englander, superintending the
making and burning, on the ground at the head
of Main street — the same ground now being oc-
cupied by the wagon and blacksmith shop bfelow
'Squire Herschy's residence. Afterwards, Mr.
Brazilla Rice made several kiln of brick at the
head of Marietta street.

Joseph Whitney burned brick in 1803, some-
where in the region now known as the seventh
ward.

John Lee had a brick yard near North Under-
wood street ; he burned the brick used in the
"old 1809 Court House."

Captain James S. Parkinson was an extensive
brick manufacturer from about 1810, and later;
his kilns were on his farm, two and a half miles
southeast of Zanesville, on the Marietta road.

Matches. — Perhaps no industry apparently
so small has made such strides as this. It is
within the memory of the living that half a cen-
tury ago, fire was obtained by many by rubbing
dry pieces of wood together, and but a few years
later by the flint and steel. These began to be
superseded by the lucifer match, imported from
England about 1833.

In 1834, Wm. G. Thompson, of the firm of
Hoge & Thompson, Zanesville, analyzed the
material upon some lucifer matches that they
had imported from England, and after some ex-
perimenting produced a match equally as good
and began the manufacture of matches at No.
82 Market street, and in a short time gave em-
ployment to about twenty-five girls in dipping
matches. These were put up in boxes contain-
ing one hundred and sold at twenty-five cents
per package. Almost the first matches they
made were sent to New York city, on an oi-der,
from which it may be inferred that no matches
were made there. It is claimed that the first

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

friction, or lucifer, matches produced , in the
United States were made in Zanesville.

Mills. — [Data largely obtained by E. H.
Church.] From Marietta records it appears that
in 1798 a mill for making flour was erected on
Wolf Creek, about one mile above the mouth,
by Colonel Robert Oliver, Major Hatffield White
and Captain John Dodge, and it is said this was
the first mill building in Ohio. The second was
begun soon after by Enoch Shepherd, Colonel
Ebenezer Sproat and Thomas Stanley, and lo-
cated on Duck Creek, but "the Indian war"
arid the floods of 1790 interrupted its opera-
tions.

In 1798, a floating mill was built five miles up
the Muskingum river by Captain Jonathan
Duval, which, according to Dr. S. P. Hildreth,
"for §ome years did nearly all the grinding for
the inhabitants on the Ohio and Muskingum for
fifty miles above and below the mill." — ["Pioneer
History of the Ohio Valley," p. 442, 1848].

In 1799 John Mathews built a floating mill,
which was anchored. at the point of rocks, then
on the west side of the river, close to where 'the
Putnam Bridge' now is.

^'In the fall of 1801, the Springfield Company
built a wing dam on the second falls, leaving the
Zanesville shore open for boats to pass, and
then built a grist and saw mill. The contract
was let December 9th of that year to John Sharp,
for $200 cash and three gills of whisky daily un-
til the job was completed.

The first large grist mill in this part of the
country was the Moxahala mill, completed in
1803 or 1804 by John Mathews. It was located
at the falls of Jonathan's Creek, about a mile and
a half below the mouth of that stream. People
came from twenty-five and thirty miles -around
to this mill.

In 1806, John Mclntire built a mill-race
(north of Hatcher & Co.'s coffin factory) and a
saw mill. Daniel McLain and David Urie dug
the race, which filled with sand every time the
river was up, so that the mill was not a success.

In 1831, Samuel Frazey built a grist mill on
'Flat Run' ; his brother-in-law, John Morrow,
had charge of the run for a number of years and
made first rate flour, several hundred barrels of
which were sent to New Orleans by boats. The
mill was about a mile from where the run emp-
tied into the river and subsequently failed for
want of water.

1816. — During this year, a company was
formed composed of Colonel Andrew Jackson,
Nathan Finley, Jeremiah Dare, Daniel Convers,
Jeffrey Price, James Taylor, Thomas L. Pierce,
Samuel Thompson, Christian Spangler and
Alex. Adair, under the firm name of Jackson &
Co., to build a mill. This firm erected what
was known as Jackson & Co's mill, on the west
side of the Muskingum, just north of the mouth
of the Licking river. It contained two run of
stone for grinding wheat and one run for mak-
ing corn meal ; a saw mill and a linseed oil mill
were subsequently attached. The oil mill was

operated by Richard Fairlamb. The mill was
in a three-story frame building built by Robert
Fulton,. Isaac Hazlett and Daniel Convers. In
1840-41 the mill was torn down.

In 181 7 The Jackson Company Mill was built
— located on the west side of Muskingum river,
just north of the mouth of the Licking river —
about forty feet from the old dam , and received
its power through a small race— using what they
called a reaction water-wheel — which was prob-
ably a turbine wheel. The company was corii-
posed of Colonel Andrew Jackson, Natha:n Find-
ley. Isaac Hazlett, Jeremiah Dare, Daniel Con-
vers, Jeftry Price, James Taylor, Thomas L.
Pierce, Samuel Thompson, Christian Spangler,
and Alex. Adair. Jackson operated the riiill un-
til near the time of his death, 1836. About the
time this mill was in operation, and in the same
mill, was a linseed oil mill, operated by Richard
Fairlamb.

In 1818 and 1819 the Granger mill was built
by James Granger, (father of Hon. M. M.
Granger), on a site near the head of the canal
and the old dam, just north of the Cassel mill.
The building was 80x50, three stories, and had
four irun of stone, and a capacity of one hundred
barrels per day. An addition of 99x30 and two
stories was added in 1822, and two more run of
stone. Many farmers came sixty and seveiity
miles to mill, and sold their wheat for twenty-five
cents per bushel, to get money to pay for their
land ; this was the only market in southeastern
Ohio. The Granger mill burned down, August

?, 1829, and was not rebuilt. About this time,
saac Dillon built a saw mill at the mouth of the
Licking, north side, and subsequently a flour
mill, just above the bridge, near the old dam,
and leased the latter to several operators. This
mill was carried away by high water in 1830,
and in 1839 the saw mill was rebuilt, and in 1840
partially burned ; in 1843 it was rented to John
Deavers, who operated it till 1845, when it was
rented to Francis Cassidy and Robert Lee. and
was subsequently sold to Mr. L. Cassidy, who
operated it until 1847, when it was sold to James
Miller, and he operated it until it was washed
away in i860. Mr. J. Miller immediately erected
a steam mill on the west side of the Muskingum
river, at the foot of Mclntire avenue. This is
now the only saw mill in Zanesville.

In 1825 George and Richard Reeve built their
flouring mill at the east end of the Main street
bridge, south side ; it had six run of stone and
was operated until 1830, when Richard withdrew
and was succeeded by George Reeve. Jr., son of
one of the builders, who operated the mill for a
number of years and became involved — a
Wheeling bank aided them with money — taking
a mortgage on the property which was forclosed
in 1848, and the mill was idle until Juty, 1851,
when Wm. Sturges, James McConnell and
Chas. Blandy, under the firm name of McCon-
nell & Blandy, bought the property for $18,000;
the mill was remodeled and its capacity increased
to 400 barrels per twenty-four hours. The mill
was sold to Wm. Galigher in the spring of 1855

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

for $2i,cxx), and operated until the death of Mr.
Galigher in i860, when Charles Galigher as-
sumed the management until 1864 when the
property was again involved. The mill was
next operated by C. T. Aston in the interest of
the mortgagees. About this time the State Board
of Public Works seized the mill for arrears in
water rent and leased the premises for thirty
years to Ball & Cassidy, who subsequently
transferred their lease to Paul H. Kemerer
(about 1870).

In 1828-9 Isaac Dillon built the Pataskala mill
and operated it until 1835, when he sold it to
Moses Dillon, who, in turn, sold it to Solomon
and William Sturges. The mill was built on the
bank of the Licking. Mr. Dillon also erected a
saw mill, woolen mill and flax seed oil mill.
This woolen mill made the first figured woolen
carpet in this part of Ohio. In 1855 , '^he mill was
sold to William Beaumont; in i860 the north
abutment of the dam gave away and these mills
were greatly damaged. The oil mill was moved
down the Muskingum liver and located next to
Pratt's mill. The dam and mills were repaired
by Mr. Beaumont. In 1868 a part of the dam
washed out again, whereupon Mr. Beaumont
built a new dam at a cost of $2,502. In 1872
the mill was completely overhauled and repaired
and two turbine water wheels replaced the old
reaction wheels. About the time Mr. Beaumont
had his mill completed, he died, January 19th,
1873. The .mill was then operated by Mrs.
William Beaumont. In 1828 the Cassel mill was
built by Cushing, Martin and Pierce. In 1843
one-half the mill passed to the ownership of Wil-
liam C. Cassel, who, in 1852-3, made a brick
addition to the mill, and about this time the en-
tire ownership passed to him and he operated the
mills for a quarter of a century, when, in 1873,
he left it by will to his wife who caused it to be
operated until 1875 when she leased it to Picker-
ing, Grant & Co., who introduced some modern
machinery and ran the mills until November ist,
1J81, when their lease expired and Mr. Cassel
resumed control as per the following notice :

"Cassel & Co. — The undersigned, owner of
the well known mills so long carried on by Wil-
liam C. Cassel, will continue the manufacture
and sale ol flour, corn meal, buckwheat flour,
mill feed, etc., under the old style of 'Cassel &
Co.' She has engaged George H. Stewart,
Esq., to act as her General Agent, and Captain
Charles Grant as Mill Manager and Superin-
tendent. Lydia Cassel."

'< 1 830— Nash & Co. had a steam saw mill in
operation near the north end of Third street
bridge. Later this mill was owned and oper-
ated by Messrs Hughes & Spurck until it was
torn down.

1832 — Jesse Dare and Alfred Printz built a
two-story steam saw mill, a little north of Nash &
Co.'s mill, in 1832 ; a peculiarity of this mill was
that the engine was placed in the upper story of
the building. The mill was in operation up to
1838.
The Balentine & Clark mill was built in 18 17

for a brewery, and in 1835 was converted into a
flour mill and run as such for two years, after
which time it stood idle until 1842, when Wil-
liam Beaumont rented it for one year. About
1845, it was converted into a white lead works,
which were short lived. The building was burnt
in the spring of 1853."

1840. — Mr. Richard Fairlamb erected a flour-
ing mill in 1840, using a part of the timber with
which the old Jackson & Co. mill had been built.
In this mill were also used the great French
buhr stones, that were brought from Philadelphia
in 1816 for the old Jackson mifl. These stones
were said to have been six feet in diameter, and
to have cost $8 per hundred pounds for trans-
portation from place of purchase to Zanesville.
The total freight bill is reported to have been
$900. In 1841 Mr. Fairlamb added a saw-mill
and a linseed oil mill to the flouring mill, and
operated the whole until 1843, when Michael
Dulty bought the property and run the mill until
1850. John S. Piatt then purchased the proper-
ty, and he finally transferred it to Mr. Drosie.

1866. — Daniel Applegate bought the City
Flouring Mill.

1878. — Josiah B. Allen put in operation the
Pearl Mills.

In 1866, Daniel Applegate built the City Mill ,a
brick structure running west from Potter Alley
to Third strieet, where it has a frontage with two
stores (Ward's and Clerhent's). The mill has
six run of stone, with a capacity of 150 barrels
per 24 hours, making only merchant flour ; no
grist work done.

In 1878, the Pearl Mifli formerly City Power
House No. I, built in 1844; the property was
repaired and one story added by Josiah Allen in
1878, and the machinery and five run of stone
put in, at a cost of $10,000. The capacity is 100
barrels per 24 hours. The greater part of the
flour made in this mill finds an Eastern market.
It is exclusively a wheat flour mill.

Interesting Facts in Flour Making. — The
miller of to-day must not only be a machinist,
comprehending the specific purpose of each
piece of machinery, but, with the skill ot a man-
ufacturer, he must be able to repair any defect
or loss by wear that may occur, and thus keep
the mill in running order. In this connection,
he must unite that practical application of chem-
istry that regulates the movements of the ma-
chinery so as to secure the best flour.

The form and composition of a single grain of
wheat must be understood, in order to discrim-
inate between the different grades and separate
them for the different qualities of flour ; some
parts of the wheat being only fit for feed, while
others yield the highest grade of flour.

These qualifications are made absolutely neces-
sary by the inventor of the machinery, who has
specially adapted each part to a work compre-
hended in what has been said as the qualification
of a miller. ' For example : Before the introduc-
tion of the "New Process" of making flour, it
was thought to be only necessary to clean the
wheat reasonably well, grind it fine, and also

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

make as few middlings as possible ; separate the
flour, middlings, and bran, by bolting, re-grind
the middlings, together with all the. impurities,
such as fine bran, germ of the wheat, dust and
fuzz from the crease in the wheat grain and its
fuzz ends — the whole ground up, making a low
grade of flour ; and consequently the wheat life
was killed by too close grinding, and poor,
heavy, soggy bread was the inevitable result.
The exceeding fine grinding destroyed the cells
in the wheat, thus taking awa}' its raising ele-
ment, or quahty. The value of the "New Pro-
cess" becomes more apparent when it is known
that by studying the grain of wheat, the best
flour is included in the middlings, which, in the
old way of grinding, was made into the lowest
grade of flour, because mixed with the impurities
described above.

To purify the middlings, therefore, invited in-
ventive talent of the highest order, since the ma-
chine must act mechanically and chemically, so
to speak ; and, as a result, a multitude of de-
vices involving these principles have been given
to the miller-world, from which he must choose.
And, it is needless to say, involving the most
subtle power of analysis in order to determine
the most perfect adaptation to the purpose intend-
ed. Among these are : the blast or suction of
wind from a revolving fan, and the size of mesh
in the bolting-cloth, which separates the fine
particles of bran, fluff", and other impurities,
from the middlings, leaving them sharp — resem-
bling pure white sand. From the middlings
thus purified, the flour so much prized by all who
have used what is known as Patent flour, is
made — grinding it with buhrs and bolting
through fine cloth. The -use of the Purifier is a
change for the better, by allowing the miller to
grind higher, as he terms it, or with the stones
at a greater distance apart, without fear of losing
in yield and increasing the ratio of low grade
flour ; thus avoiding the danger of sometimes
getting a little too close in grinding, which would
destroy the cells in the wheat and, of necessit}^
result in soggy bread, as stated. And it is found
that the higher the grinding the larger the quan-
tum of middlings, of which the highest grade of
Patent flour is made ; and the flour from the first
bolting (wheat flour, or clear flour) is more gran-
ular, whiter, and better. But this high grinding
produces a heavy bran, leaving too large a quan-
tity of flour adhering to the bran, and hence the
necessity of a machine to get it off" in good shape
for flour. Some grind the bran over on buhrs,
others use machines for knocking or threshing ;
but the most successful machine at present seems
to be the sharp, corrugated roller, so arranged
that one roller goes faster than the other, and the
wheat, passing between the corrugations, is
cleaned by the mode of applying the friction.
For fvirther particulars, "The American Miller"
and other publicatioirs furnish details. "The
Brush Scourer," a superior machine, is also
used. But this article is not intended to be a
cyclopedia, and we pass on.

The wheat heater — used to warm the wheat to

a temperature that is known to facilitate grinding
into good flour, in cold weather — is used by
many mills. A little reflection will show the
wisdom of this, as frozen wheat will not grind to
the same advantage as unfrozen grain.

The speed in running is an important factor
in the manufacture of good flour. Formerly it
was thought necessary to run four-foot stones
from i8o to 210 revolutions per minute, and
grind from 12 to 18 bushels of wheat per hour;
now the mills that have the best reputation only
run from 120 to 135 revolutions per minute and
only grind from four to six bushels to the run of
stone, thus avoiding undue heating of the chops,
and leaving the flour, when bolted, free from
injury by over-heating, and with all the life pe-
culiar to healthy, perfect grain, and therefore af-
fording the highest grade of healthy bread-food.

Nail Makers. — The first man in Zanesville
to make a business of manufacturing nails was
John Hough, who opened his shop at the foot of
Main street in 1814. e. h. c.

The Zanesville "Express and Republican
Standard," of December 8th, 1819, contained the
following :

" R. & G. Reeve inform the public that
their Rolling Mill and Nail Factory are in oper-
ation (located at the east end of the upper
bridge), and that they have an assortment of
rolled iron and nails, which they will sell as low
and on as good terms as they can be purchased
in the Western country."

Richard Reeve and George Reeve, Sr., con-
structed a rude machine for the manufacture of
cut nails, which was operated by horse power.
This establishment was located on the south side
of Main, near Sixth street, until 1819, when the
machinery was removed to the corner of Main
and River streets, where water power was used.
This machine was similar to those now in use,
but was not adapted to heading, which was done
by hand. The iron used proved too brittle to
work to advantage, and the business was aban-
doned in 1825-6. E. H. c.

Paper Manufacture in 1828. — Ezekiel T.
Cox and Simeon Wright began the manufacture
of paper in Zanesville in the fall of this year.
Their mill was at the north end of seventh street.
For many years this mill was the leading indus-
try in Zanesville, and its products found a ready
sale throughout the State.

In 1830, Simeon Wright sold his interest in
the mill above mentioned to James L. Cox,
when the firm name became " E. T. &J.L.
Cox," and they continued the business until
May I, 1836, when the mill was destroyed by
fire. A brick building was immediately erected,
however, on the old site, and the business con-
tinued under the following management, viz :
Horatio J. Cox and Jonas L. Cox, the firm name
being H. J. Cox & Co., who continued the busi-
ness for twenty-one years, and then made an
assignment to David Hull. The property passed
into the hands of George Richtine & Co. : the
company being George Richtine, Charles R.

Paper Mill of GLESSNER & GILBERT, Zanesville, Ohio.

In 1828, Ezekiel T. Cox and Simeon Wright,
who were at that period operating a saw mill at
the north end of Seventh street, in Zanesville,
conceived the idea of establishing a paper mill in
connection with their lumber mill, and proceeded
at once to put their plans into execution by the
erection of a wooden structure for this purpose,
which was operated by the same power that pro-
pelled their saw mill. This was the initial or
pioneer manufacturing industry of any note in
the town of Zanesville, and was the second paper
mill established in Ohio. Its machinery was sim-
ple, and the process crude, of converting rags into
printing and writing papers, the sheets being
formed by hand in a slow and tedious manner, in
accordance with the primitive processes in use in
those early times. This rude paper mill became a
power in this Western country, its product finding
a ready market throughout Central Ohio and in
the Northwest, and in the Western Territories,
until these had outgrown its power to supply the
demand for paper, and for years, even to dates run-
ning not very far back into the past, this paper
mill was identified with Zanesville as its leading
landmark, in the minds of Western people scat-
tered over a vast extent of territory.

The changes that this mill has since undergone
in proprietorship are accurately noted on pages 88
and 89, to which the reader is referred.

In the early period of telegraphy the process of
taking off messages was by passing narrow strips
of soft white paper through an instrument that
registered the words communicated by perforations
on this paper. It was evident that the consump-
tion of this paper must be large, but the process

of supplying it was a slow, simple and tedious
operation, performed by hand. A mechanic, who
commenced employment in the Zanesville Paper
Mill in 1838, and is still with it as its Superin-
tendent, conceived the idea that this telegraph
paper could be made and cut by machinery, and
he soon successfully worked out a method of accom-
plishing this with perfect accuracy, and rapidly
enough to supply the entire demand. His inven-
tion immediately met a great want in telegraphy,
and there soon grew up a large demand, not only
in this country but in Europe, and wherever the
teregraph had strung its wires. It was made in
rolls of six to seven inches diameter, and cut in
strips of one inch in width, and formed a large, im-
portant and profitable element in the business
of this mill for many years, as it was the only
place where it was manufactured. The inventor,
C. R. Hubbell, never patented his process, and
numberless mills in the country experimented to
copy or improve his method, but never succeeded.
It has had its day, however, and has gradually
gone into disuse.

For more than half a century the busy wheels
of this paper mill have responded day and night
continuously to the demands upon it. It fur-
nishes employment, directly and indirectly, to
many persons and families, and its work seems to
be but fairly begun. It was identified with the
first dawn of the prosperity of Zanesville, and its
usefulness and prosperity will continue to be iden-
tical with the solid growth of its favored locality,
and years will yet pass before its mission is
fulfilled.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, QHIO.

Hubbell, Thomas Hubbell and William Nutt,
This firm conducted the business about one year,
when Thomas Hubbell and William Nutt with-
drew, and the business was continued by the re-
maining partners until April i, 1859, when C. ^*
Hubbell sold his interest to James M. Leonard,
and soon after this property was conveyed to
Mrs. E. M. Gox, and the firm name became
Elizabeth M. Cox & Co., and was managed by
James L. Cox, her husband.

In 1869, Mrs. Cox sold a half interest to John
Gilbert, and the firm name became Cox & Gil-
bert, and so continued until November i, 1868,
'when Jacob Glessner, John Gilbert and Terry
became the owners of the mill, and shortly
alter this Glessner & Gilbert purchased the. in-
terest of Mr. Terry, and made valuable improve-
ments. They continue to own and manage the
establishment, and have won an enviable reputa-
tion for their products, far and near.

Mathews' Paper Mill. — The original pur-
pose of the present building was a cotton fac-
tory ; it did not succeed, and after standing idle
for a number of years was sold by the_^ Sheriff",
about 1865, to Edward Mathews, who associated
with him George Rishtine, for the purpose of
paper making. Mathews & Co. removed the
old machinery and placed apparatus and mach-
inery for the manufacture of paper, and made
sundry improvements and additions to the prem-
ises, at a cost of about twenty-five thousand dol-
lars. Other additions, amounting to about fif-
teen thousand dollars, have been made since that
time.

The firm of Mathews & Co. dissolved in 1876,
since which time the business has been con-
dvicted by E. Mathews, proprietor, Mr. George
Rishtine, who has managed the business from
the beginning, being retained in that capacity.

The mill began by making coarse wrapping
paper and tea paper. Printing paper ahd man-
ilia paper are the kinds now made, amounting
in all to four thousand pounds daily. The
amount of business done annually is about sixty
thousand dollars. The monthly pay-roll is about
one thousand dollars.

The mill is on the southwest corner of Zane
and Underwood streets.

Early Painters. — E. H. Church was of the
opinion that Wesley Alwine, who came in 1828,
was the first to engage in painting for a busi-
ness. He was " a genius in his way," and con-
sidered a fine workman. Merrick Barr came
soon after and opened his shop in Putnam. Dan-
iel McCarty (who prided himself in being one of
the F. F. Vs., in spite of his name), worked for
Barr, and they were fond of saying that their
customers were "the old Yankees," meaning
the Buckinghams, Sturges, Whipple, Putnam,
Dr. Robert Saffbrd and Major Horace Nye.

McCarty opened a shop in Zanesville proper
in 1853, and subsequently engaged in merchan-
dising.

PoTTBHYr—- Samuel Sullivan, of Philadelphia,

Pa., came to Zanestown in the spring of 1808,
and lived in a cabin adjoining Gen. Van Home's
farm house, on the northeast corner of Main and
Third streets, and began the manufacture of red-
ware ; he built a moderate sized kiln and made
plates, cups and saucers, besides other house-
hold articles. He was a sober, industi-ious man,
born in the State of Delaware, April 10, 1772;
he died on his farm in Falls township, October
^5) 1853. In 1840, Bernard Howson, John Hal-
lam, George Wheaton and two other experienced
pottei-s, originally from Staffordshire, England,
came to Zanesville and engaged in the manu-
facture of potter's wares. In the spring of 1846,
John Howson (brother of Beimard) joined the
company, and this firm continued until 1852,
when John Howson and his son Bernard became -
sole owners. This pottery, from the last date up
to 1863, did an annual business of $8,000. In
1863, John Howson died, and the business was
continued by his son Bernard. About this time,
the general business was making ink bottles. In
1874 the establishment was leased by Fisher and
Lansing, of New York City, for the maufacture
of fioor tiling.

In 1849, George Pyatt, from Staffordshire,
England, came to Zanesville and began the
maniifacture of Rockingham and yellow stone-
ware. In 185 1 , Mr. Pyatt and Christopher Goetz
formed a partnership, which continued two years,
when Pyatt removed to Cincinnati, where he
started, one after another, about all of the early
potteries of that city. In 1859, ^^'^ Pyatt and
three other Englishmen removed to Kaolin, Mo.,
and there operated in the manufacture of white
ware until the breaking out of the war, when
Pyatt returned to Cincinnati, and in 1863 he re-
turned to Zanesville and engaged with Mr. How-
son until 1866, when he began business for him-
self. In 1878, he had enlarged his capacities for
business by a ten horse power engine, boiler and
suitable machinery, but died March 15, 1879.
The business has been conducted by his son, J.
G. Pyatt, since that time. They are known as
the Tremont Pottery, and turn out about $2,000
worth of pottery annually.

In 1868, N. K. Smith began the manufacture
of pottery, and, with the aid of seven men, turns
out about seventy-five gallons of ware.

In 1874, Duncan Hamelback built a pottery in
the Ninth Ward ; his establishment riianufactures
jugs, jars, churns, etc.

In 1878, Calvin Bumbaugh bought a pottery in
the Ninth Ward, known as the " Star Pottery,"
built in 1873 by Alfred Wilber ; seven men are
employed there, and they turn out about eighty-
five thousand gallons of ware annually.

Revenue, Internal. — Mr. John Reynolds,
principal Assessor for the Fifth District of Ohio,
appointed his Deputies May 2d, 1815, for that
year. For Washington county, Colern C. Bar-
ton ; Muskingum county, James Victors, then
living in West Zanesville ; Guernsey county. Dr.
E. Lee ; Coshocton county, Lewis Vail ; Tusca-
rawas county, Robert F. Capis. This Internal

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Revenue tax, was for tax on distilleries, licenses
for merchants in retailing dry goods and liquors,
and hotel-keepers, and for stamps for various
purposes. Congress, at every session, would
add to or modify the duty. The assessment for
direct tax was on houses and lots, farms, car-
riages and harness, mills, furnaces, gold and
silver watches, the value of slaves held, etc.
There were several slaves held to Ohio at that
time, that were taxed as other property.

I will give a list of some of the principal citi-
zens living in this district that were assessed for
internal revenue, for the year 1815 : Alexander
Dair, merchant, $11.43; David Anson, shoe-
maker, $6.23 ; William Burham, hotel keeper,
$36.46 ; E. Buckingham, Jr. , merchant, $25 .87-^^ ;
A. Buckingham & Co., merchants, $21.87-^;
Valentine Best, distillery, $566.79; Gilbert Blue,
merchant, $36.40 ; Daniel Converse, merchant,
$53.00; William Conwell, $4.00; Joseph
Church, shoemaker, $18.75 ! James Culbertson,
tanner, $23.71 ; Alexander Culbertson, $10.19;
Daniel Crist, tobacconist, $12.40; D. & J.
Chambers, merchants, $37.50; Conwell & Reed,
merchants, $22.50 ; Solomon Deffenbaugh,
shoemaker, $3.43 ; John Dillon, iron manufac-
turer, $50.30; Moses Dillon, $29.12; Nathan
C. Findley, merchant, $51.46; Thomas Flood,
hotel keeper, $21.87 ! Robert Fulton, merchant,
$44:37 ; Samuel Frazey, merchant, $22.97 ;
Timothy Gaylord, shoemaker, $2.36 ; Oliver &
Ebenezer Granger, merchants, $22.50; George
Gurty, $5.50; Richard Galigher, hatter, $12.87 :
Paul Hahn, hotel keeper, $21.87 ! Isaac Hazlett,
merchant, $31.99; Frederick Houck, $2.61;
Samuel Herrick, $1. 00 ; John Hall, saddler,
$10.66; Joseph Hull, saddler, $4.32; George
Jackson, $6.19; John Levins, merchant, $21.87 !
Spencer Lahew, distiller, $159.20; Alexander
McLaughlin, merchant, $15.00: Increase
Mathews, merchant, $14.58 ; Robert Mitchell,
$21.87 ; J. R. Munson, $10.75; Moses Moore-
head, tanner, $21.63; Joseph F. Munroe,
$15.00 ; Walter McKinney, hatter, $22.27 ; I &
A.Nye, $6.87; Harris, Nye & Co., $6.87;
Thomas L. Pierce, merchant, $33.32 ; Jeffrey
Price, merchant, $42.94; Manning Putnam,
$12.26 ; General Rufus Putnam, $2.00 ; William
Pelham, $22.50; Harris Reed, $7.00; R. & G.
Reeves, merchants, $37.50; Nathan Roberts,
hotel keeper, $22.00; Christian Spangler, mer-
chant, $36.45 ; Wyllys Silliman, $8.00; Jonas
Stansberry, $4.00 ; Joseph Robertson, $10.24;
Skinners: Chambers, book binders, $95.42;
Joseph Sheets, distiller, $550.40 ; John C. Stock-
ton, merchant, $22.50; Stewart Speer, $4.58;
John Sidell, distiller, $332.72 ; Robert Spear,
$15.00; Samuel Thompson, merchant, $36.46;
James Taylor, $40.46; David Vandarbarrick,
$15.00.; Luke Walpole, merchant, $21.87;
Thomas Wickham, hotel keeper, $44.37 ; Dudley
Woodbridge, merchant, $75.96 ; Jesse Young,
hotel keeper, $17.50; WilHam Young, 83 cents.

The number of persons assessed and collected
from for the internal revenue of this (Fifth) dis-
trict, in 1815, was 308.

Rope Walks. — October oth, 181 1, James
Keller engaged in the manufacture of cordage,
twines and rope. On the i8th of December,
1818, A. P. Westbrook entered into the same
business, but on a much larger scale. We find
the following in the Zanesville "Express," of
January 13, 1819:

'•'■Rofe Factory. — The subscriber has com-
menced the manufacture of cordage of all kinds,
and will keep constantly on hand, cables, well
ropes, bed cords, plough lines, clothes lines,
sacking lacings, twines, carpet chain, fishing,
chalk and trout lines. N. B. — Highest price
paid for hemp delivered at my place, next door
to J. S. Dungan's hotel. Main street.

A. P. Westbrook."

In 1832, Abbott & Crain had a small rope
walk, about where the canal now runs, between
First and Second streets.

In 1833, Abraham Arter, from Hagerstown,
Md., began the manufacture of rope on the site
No. 61 Main street. Hemp was then the only
material used, and was brought chiefly from
Maysville, Ky., at a cost of about sixty dollars
per ton. The price ranged as high as two hun-
dred dollars per ton during the Southern rebel-
lion. Mr. Arter continued the business until
1876.

In 1835, George L. Shinnick and John R.
Howard began the business of rope making, on
the site now the northwest corner of Main and
Second streets, and continued until 1838, when
they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Shinnick
started his business on Howard, between Fifth
and Sixth streets, and did a heavj' business,
often shipping twenty-five tons of manufactured
goods per month.

Salt Works. — 181 7 — Capt. James Hampson
had a salt well and furnace at the mouth of Mill
run. The well was bored during that year ;
Samuel Clark (now living on North 5th street),
an energetic boy, helped to bore the well. Capt.
Hampson operated the furnace in 1820, and for
five or six years later. e. h. c.

December 25, 1817, Thomas L. Pierce adver-
tised as follows :

"Salt. The subscriber will sell Monopoly
salt, of the verj- best quality, at a less price than
E. Buckingham & Co., the apple and goose
quill merchants of Putnam." [Salt was selling
at $2 per bushel.]

In 1818, Thomas L. Pierce and G. A. Hall
dug a salt well on the edge of the Mclntire saw
mill race, near the south end of Second street, but
the water proved too weak to make salt to profit.
Several years afterward, Messrs. Lattimore &
Worthington built a bath house over the well,
and also kept a saloon in the building, but that
business was abandoned.

In 1819, Alexander Culbertson sunk a salt
well at the place where the lower canal locks
now are. This well was three hundred feet
deep. He made use of a hollow tree, about three
feet in diameter and ten feet long, for a reservoir,
which gave rise to the name it went by, "the Salt

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Gum." The kettles used in boiling were made
at the foundry of Thomas L. Pierce, who ob-
tained the iron from Dillon's Falls. Mr. Cul-
bertson did not make a very large quantity of
salt any year, but kept the works in operation
until his death. The price of salt at the works
ranged from $1.32 to $1.35 per bushel.

In 1820-22, John Dillon sunk a well eleven
hundred feet deep, a little below the Culbeitson
well, but this proved too weak to be profitable.

About this time, Mr. Nathan C. Finley dug a
salt well on the bank of the river, below Blue's
tanyard, and manufactured salt there for a few
years. Finding that the business failed to pay
expenses, operations were suspended. Nearly
opposite to this well, at the hollow gum, on the
south side of the run which empties into the
Muskingum at this point, another well was dug
by Daniel Prouty and Merriam, but never went
into operation. It was afterward owned by Mr.
John Dillon.

In tho»e days, many persons endeavored to go
into the manufacture of salt. The Pierce well,
four miles above town, afterwards owned by
Nathaniel Wilson ; the Herrick, Crom, Jackson
and Chambers wells. Several of these manu-
factured salt for a few years, and then abandoned
the enterprise. e. h. c.

The "Express," of January 13, 1819, has the
following :

"Salt. — At $1.50 per bushel, at Ayres Salt
Works, eight miles below Zanesville, oh the
Muskingum river. We are now making thirty
bushels a day, and when our new kettles are in
operation (which we are now putting in), we
shall make eighty bushels per day.

All persons that have to cross the river for*salt
at our works shall be ferried free of expense.

Jacob Ayres & Co."

No branch of manufacture on the Muskingum
river has suffered more than the salt business.
How many salt works there have been in the
Muskingum Valley, between Zanesville and
Marietta, can not now be stated, perhaps not
less than fifteen. Of the eight that remain, al-
though they have lost money, their owners
have' hung on, persisting in getting a little
salt to the market. And while the salt trade
seems the last to be affected by the improved
condition of business generally, the time of pros-
perity is evidently near at hand.

Shoemakers. — 1800. — The first son of Crispin
who made his appearance in Zanesville, was a

Mr. Smith, in the fall of 1800. In 1802,

John Cain, shoemaker, resolved to try his fortune
in the new settlement. "In those days" shoe-
makers went fi-om house to house and repaired
old shoes and made new ones, taking part of
their pay in board. This was facetiously styled
"whipping the cat."

In-the fall of 1807, Joseph Church arrived from
Bucks county. Pa. He was a boot and shoe-
maker, boot making being the more scientific
branch of the trade. He worked for Levi Chap-
man, who owned the first tanyard started in this

section. (This had been put in operation in
1802.) Mr. Church opened a boot and shoe
shop — the first in the town — in the spring of 1808,
and in September, of that year, married Miss
Sarah Hart. The ceremony was performed at
Robert Taylor's hotel, a log building that stood
on the northwest corner of Main and Sixth
streets, known also as Herron's corner. There
being no minister stationed here at that time, the
knot was tied by 'Squire Samuel Thompson.
He died in 1863, in his 8ist year, and his wife
died in 1871, in her 83d year.

April 3d, 1808, a solitary horseman, from
Fayette county, Pa., arrived in Zanestown, and
sojourned at Paul Hahn's tavern, near the lower
ferry. The stranger was Solomon Deffenbaugh,
a son of Crispin. He opened shop, the second
of the kind, and nothing more is told of him but
that "during the war of '12, he made shoes for
thg soldiers, many of whom never returned,
and he counted this labor lost." He died on his
farm near Zanesville, December 11, 1869, in the
84th year of his age, and his wife followed to
the same bourne, April 18, 1872, aged 81.

During this year, also, came Timothy Gay-
lord and worked at his trade.

In 1 801, David Anson joined the settlement.
His cabin was built on the site now known as 68
Main street, and served as his residence and
shop. He was a leader and fond of exhibiting
his muscle. In 1814, he succeeded in getting the
craft to adopt the following scale of prices :

"Boot and Shoemakers' Prices, established
April 19, 1814: Fair top Cossack boots, $14;
plain Cossack boots, $12 ; Wellington boots, $8 ;
footing boots, $4.87 ; fixing and bottoming boots,
$4.50 ; bottoming old boots, $3.00 ; ladies laced
boots, $4.50 ; ladies broad boots, $3.00."

This bill of prices was signed by Joseph Church,
Timothy Gaylord, David Anson and Solomon
Deffenbaugh, bosses.

In 1816, William and Aaron Kirk, John Bur-
well and William Luch were added to the craft,
and in 1817 James Martin made known his in-
tentions of "following the last." Henry Ford,
Peter Gi-eaves, William Love, William Twaddle,
James Milton, Jacob Walters, Henry Vincell,
John Thompson, Thomas Hillier, Zacharias and
Elijah Taylor, Jacob Stout, Elias Pike, William
Forgraves, George Maneeley and S. S. Mann
were subsequently numbered with the craft, but
whether this proved to be the Mecca they had
sought, we are not informed.

Soap. — Daniel Prouty began the manufacture
of soap and candles in Zanesville in i8iij'0n the
river bank between Fifth and Sixth streets. In
18 15 the works were purchased by N. & C. Wil-
son. This fii"m continued to do business until
1847, when the concern passed into the hands of
Hiram Rogers and Dr. A. H. Brown. In 1848
Theodore Con vers bought the interest of Rogers,
and the firm became Brown & Convers. In 1849,
Mr. Brown transferred his interest to Mr. Con-
vers, who continued the works until 1853, when
William Shultz bought the establishment for sev-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

en thousand dollars. The capacity of the works
at this time was about one hundred and fifty
thousand pounds per annum. He operated the
business until 1866, when his son, Robert D.
Shultz, and his nephew, John Hoge, succeeded
him in the management, and the firm became
"Shultz & Co." These young men were ambi-
tious to increase their business, and their name
is not now confined to a local reputation. Their
average yearly production is about five hundred
thousand dollars.

In i8i5,Eber Merriam was engaged in the
manufacture of soap. In 1818, a stock company
was formed, and known as the Muskingum
Manufacturing Company, of which company
Mr. Merriam held two hundred and fifty shares,
and George Abbott, Ephraim Abbott, and Na-
thaniel Wilson, a like amount. They manufac-
tured soap and pearl-ash. Their works were
first at the foot of Market street, and, later, at
the foot of Fifth street.

In 1838, David Hahn, a German soap-boiler,
engaged with N. Wilsoji & Co., to manage the
soap business for them-, and continued in their
employ and with their successors until 1863,
when he began business for himself.

Street Railroads. — Zanesville Street Rail-
road Company — The charter was granted by the
General Assembly of the State of Ohio, August
9th, 1875, to Josiah Burgess, Thomas B. Town-
send, Edward T., Burgess, George W. Town-
send, and Francis M. Townsend — incorporators,
stockholders, and proprietors.

The following were the first oflicers elected :
Josiah Burgess, President ; William. C. Towns-
end, Secretary ; Thomas B. Townsend, Treas-
urer. These oflicers have been retained to this
day. September 7th, 1865, the City Council, by
ordinance, opened the road, conveying by this
act the right of way over the route selected.
December 4th, 1875, the road was opened for
travel, the' company having built three miles of
track in eighty-seven days.

The Mclntirc Street Railway Company —
Was chartered in December, 1875. The incor-
porators were : Josiah Burgess, Thomas B.
Townsend, William C. Townsend, George W.
Townsend, W. T. Gray, William T. Maher, and
Thomas Lindsey, who were also incorporators,
stockholders, and proprietors, with a capital of
$10,000.

At a meeting of the stockholders, March 17,
1876, it was ordered thai this i-oad be built ;
however, before it was completed, it was pur-
chased by the Zanesville Street Railway Com-
pany, thus consolidating the two roads.

In 1877 ^^^ road was extended from the south
end of Putnam Avenue to the Fair Grounds, a
distance of three-quarters of a mile ; thus ac-
commodating those attending the fairs, tilso pic-
nics.

The companj' requires from fifty to sixt^- ani-
mals, which are chiefly mules, and they consume
about 115 tons of hay and 4,000 bushels of corn
annually.

The cars were made by J. G. Brill & Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa., at an average cost of five
hundred dollars each.

There are two roads, the longest one leading
from the Ohio Iron Works, through the city
proper and over the Putnam bridge, through
Putnam, to the Fair Grounds, a distance of three
and three-quarters miles. The other extends'
from Mclntire Terrace, West Zanesville, over
the Main street bridge, eastward, on Main street,
thence southwest to the Tile Works on Marietta
street, a distance of two and one-quarter miles.

The total amount of capital stock is $50,000.

SuRVEVOiiS — 1879. — ]^^^ Mathews was in the
employ of the Government, as a surveyor, in
1786. From 1799 to 1803, he and Ebenezer
Buckingham surveyed many of the townships in
Muskingum, Coshocton, and other counties, into
sections, quarter-sections, and 80-acre lots.

Tanners — 1802. — Reuben Jennings started the
first tanyard in Zanestown, in 1802. In 1804 he
sold out to Levi Chapman. Moses Moorehead
and Joseph Robertson opened their tannery, in
the vicinity of town, December 24, 1806, and
continued in the business until 1814, when Mr.
Moorehead purchased his partner's interest and
conducted the business himself until April 24,
1832, when he sold out to his brother, Thomas
Moorehead, for $10,000 cash. At the death of
Joseph Robertson, in 1844, the property was di-
vided by order of Court, and one-half given to
the Robertson heirs, the balance to Thomas
Moorehead. The valuation of the whole was
$8,000. This Mr. Moorehead continued the
business until 1857, and sold out to his sons,
Washington and William C, for $2,000. In
April of that year, the property passed into the
hands of George Kurtz, for the consideration of
$1,500. In 1859, Jacob F. Greul and Christo-
pher BishofT bought the business for thirteen hun-
dred dollars, and operated the yard until 1866,
when it was sold for building lots.

James Culbertson (hatter) came to Zanestown
in 1805, and in 1809 sunk about fiftv-five vats,
and did an extensive business until his death,
which occurred in 1822 or "3, when the business
was conducted by his sons, Samuel and Alexan-
der. The yard was located on the northeast
corner ot Fifth and Market streets. He lived
on the north side of the Square until 1819, when
Jolin Wilson built a two-story brick residence
for him, \\hich is now a part of the Ameri-
can Mouse. In 1834-5 the stock was purchased
b\' Doster & Darlinton, and the land sold for city
lots by Mrs. Culbertson and sons. e. h. c.

Doster & Darlinton opened a tanyard, in the
spring of 1830, on the south side of "the Old
National Road," near its junction with the "Old
Wheeling Road," on a tract of seven acres 01
land bought of Geo. Reeve. It was the largest
tannery in Eastern Ohio, having one hundred
vats, and doing a business of from forty to fifty
thousand dollars annuall)-. They operated until
1844, when they closed out and sold the land in
town lots.

■Zanesvili.c, Ohio, March, 18S3.

"la n d is the

3AS1S OF ALL SECURtTY.'

BpniBfflriTIhlcy— Ztrcavlllo'fl teal enUle mon,
Troualy/nruG Ibclrniiitb tinpravcil pupci o^iu
^■Ung MNful pnmni— S'lurconQcICDCc, (oo—
llnrlc«sirtlhcyiiDjlouB(oproiiiplly ecrvo joili
^JrioCLiRTEiilDB (n r™r(slak, copilanlhuTo they,
Xclt.vWhxhpm-totiiXjfliasc, orp'rops imao owayj
Xrcrcourtcona, xllalflo andllb«nl inclined,
KCflcTj'— irillbig' to GTOCt jon— Ihla Unn yoanlll flndi

irfjnnrt— ttcr'ja'Gipnrienccd atlorncrs nt IflW,
JCflTiM'Jatliliigln counBOl, anil read}' (o draw
3leca3,pli)lriielior[lt]udcvD(d<rF a-daw,

linre-^racflred wen— bolJi Oiplr pmn^j-Tmia
IirlhepopHl lie "basin ena Ihcy'roairTTtnBon >
Sar^cu arDthcyiniinaiitba public to reno.
JI^QQInenuliloraQdiiaQar to BeconDhctr nenS ■
Xich wctt.day, or hour Jmtnoaaro us Uio clock;
ToavULUndono 0(J>oUi,lirtbt0f«r*IIaaieB1ock,

'^j^^iA^.

THE BULLETFN.

-_, ewiifyinKTccoptTon. accorSea. (6 Bw

ronncrrnumbctr oObe JBuLLETlf, I&j
5c tbcr^illr'the.'rn crease in, cfurinsi-
nesa, Int^gcly intJUccd.Tbylhisinelhoiof.piminE'
Iheisime^beforttlie pablLq^ani ihR demand o(
our clicnls and paltonsfor anotheirissne. have
cmboldeiicd. uS 10 BRainL'prEs.ent ifae. Khal
EsTATE.JJuLLETiprfotheconsideratioaor IhosQ
who want to bnf ocselLrcol ilstate.

Wc acknowledee a. reasonable. ptiBe .in. .Ifra
wjcccss of our veniurej, alid, haVe^ llicreforc,
endeavoted. ia lliia. issue to rnoro tbaa please
curTricnds, Bni^willi. ihis-in "ricwTfe- hava

rdl espcciaL attention: to tlie fine engva^

■'-Thefcidingmnlltr wc Jiavc endeavored lo
Tender aa inlcrcscim; a»-po«ihIc, while making
iLbcar'upon our parliciiITrline of business.

The list of property heroin adycrlkcd is ilie
Tnont enlensivc ever offered Jn this scclion ol
the Slate, ind embrace? every charnclcr of
propt)'!)' ihal may be ulasiilied under the name
of Seal Esialc. From the small building lot,
v/ortb one hundred dollars, "said on lonR
lime and easy payments," lo the splendid lesi-
dcnce worlll thousands of dollars, or the grand,
farm of hundreds of acres, we pre^cnr a line
■of real properly from which all reasonabla
Ijuyers can make selccliona according to their
t3.stes and ability.

WSite: we have been reasonably rewarded, in

npuihingo'

:, for Jhe

a the

it year.

lave aUo ,h3d
aullr.in knowing thai we have been enabled to
aid many worthy fimilic5, who have .hitherto
.known only the tenant house and the monthly
■visit of the landlord, to occupy homes of their
own. "Home, Sweet Home" is doubly dear

to Those who before haye known no home Ihey
could call theirxiwn. While, wilh great phi-
lanthroiiist?:, we Jiavc Jiot been able to give
homes to worthy ones, tvc have endeavored, by
jointing out ihs wny and aiding Ihem by
methodi of tiut own, to .help men win for
■themselves homca; nnd, if Ir, doing Ihie, our
:names araldndly rcmcmbered^in, family circles
■madtj happier byour cITorls, wc feel that

work i»5 not B ec IT b1 together selfish.

MINIATURE OF THE FIRST PAGE OF THE MARCH NUMBER OF SPANGLER & FINLEY'S

REAL ESTATE BULLETIN.

11 Si >'", r'^.-'V',. '•M'

gj^_3

iif5^=;>'^'^

SPANGLER & FINLEY'S HORSE AND CARRIAGE.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

In 1830, Gilbert Blue sunk vats and commenced
the tanning' business, on his own land, on the
Marietta road. The business was conducted by
his son Curran, who subsequently opened a new
yard on the River road, a short distance below
the city; this was about 1847. He carried on
business successfully for himself until 1876. In
1841, Gilbert Blue retired from the ministry
and re-enteired the business arena.

N. G. Abbott and Charles Abbott formed a
copartnership in 1844, and erected a tannery
with twenty-four vats. This yard was near the
Muskingum river, and j«st south of the old Rope
Walk. Mr. Upton Downs conducted the busi-
ness for them. Their specialty was tanning
sheep skins ; (which they could do in twenty-
four hours !) They bought sheep, killed them
and rendei"ed all but "the hams into tallow for
candles, most of which was sold at home. The
hams were cured and sold in Boston, New
Orleans and England. The skins were sold
in Cincinnati and St. Louis. The wool was
sold in Boston. They continued in this business
until 1849, when the business was closed and the
land passed into the hands of Harvey Darlinton.

Tavkrns and Hotels. — In the reign of
Edward III. only three taverns were allowed
in London, England — one in Chepe, one in Wal-
broke, and the other in Lombard street. "The
Boar's Head" (tavern) existed in the reign of
Henry IV., and was the rendezvous of Prince
Henry and his dissolute companions. Shak-
speare mentions it. as the residence of Mrs.
Quickly : "And is not my hostess of the tavern
a most sweet wench?" Of little less antiquity is
the White Hart, Bishop's gate, established in
1480.

Our ancestors inaugurated taverns in this
country, after the fashion of those in England re-
ferred to ; and although they were " restricted in
London," in this country it became every man's
privilege to keep tavern who deemed it expedi-
ent. At the tavern, news of almost any kind
could be had ; hither men resoi-ted to chat on
whatever interested them ; and while it was a
common thing for liquor to be sold at the Amer-
ican tavern, they were more noted for innocent
pastime, the diffusion of rumors, and now and
then a rare bit of eloquent opinion as to how the
affairs of State or the Nation ought to be con-
ducted, than as places of debauch.

As we have seen in rehearsing the doings of
the first settlers, John Mclntire built a cabin, and,
purposely, large enough "to keep tavern ;" this
was in 1799, and on the site now known as the
southwest corner of Second and Market streets.
Hon. Lewis Cass, in his "Camp and Court of
Louis Phillipe," has made this tavern famous in
history, an account of which will be found else-
where in this work.

^^ Green's Tavern. " — Built during the winter of
i^^g — a story and a half double cabin, with a
Spacious hall through the middle, stood about at
the head of Main street, opposite SiUiman street.

There the first Fouth of July celebration in
this region was held, in the year 1800.

'■'■Cordery's Tavern.'" — Built by Slagor, was
on the site now the northwest corner of Sixth
and Main streets.

In 1800, came David Harvey, from Frederick,
Md., purchased the lot now the southeast corner
of Third and Main streets, and built a two-
story hewed log house thereon, and in the fall
of that year "opened tavern." Harvey assumed
to keep a "first-class house." He purchased
the right of way from his house to. the ferry
and the ford, in a direct line, which wa:s diag-
onally across the intervening squares — and at
the ford and ferry which was at the foot of Fifth
street, he had signs pointing to "Harvey's Tav-
ern." This* road was called "Harvey's bridle
path." As will be seen elsewhere, the first ses-
sion of court was held at Harvey's Tavern ; and
the first plastering done in Zanestown was in
Harvey's bar room, by James Lindsey, in
1804. Harvey died at the age of 71, March 19,
1815.

In 1805, Robert Taylor opened tavern on the
southwest corner of Main and Sixth streets, and
remained there two years, when he removed to a
frame house on a portion of the ground now
occupied by the Clarendon Hotel, with the sign
of the "Orange Tree." Here the Legislature
in 1810-12 made headquarters.

In 1804, Paul Hahn built a cabin on the corner
of what is Fourth and Canal streets and opened
tavern. ■

In 1805, William Montgomery built a frame
house on the northeast corner of Main and Sixth
streets, in which Nathaniel Roberts opened tav-
ern in 1806, with the sign of "Rising Sun.'" Mr.
C. Pratt purchased this property in 1808 and put
up a sign "Red Lion ;" in 1816 this place was
kept by Thomas Flood, with the sign "General
Washington." This was specially the head-
quarters for Virginians and "Democratic Repub-
licans."

In 1806, General Isaac Van Home purchased
the ground on the northeast corner of Main and
Fifth streets and erected a two-story house,
which was afterward known as the "Wickham
Hotel ;" this building was subsequently removed
to the southwest corner of Main and Fourth
streets, and continued to be known as above. In
1818, John S. Dugan erected a three-story brick,
on the southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets,
and kept hotel ; this house was subsequently
known as the National Hotel, kept by Harry
Orndorft".

"His faie was fair to look upon, it never wore a soowl,
He loved to Srlice the juicy roast aud carve tlie tender

fowl ;
His sausages from Hagerstown, witli cream and apple

stew,
Proveil he knew liow to keep the best hotel in 0-hi-o."

In 1806, in Springfield (afterward known as
Putnam) .Robert I. Oilman and John Levins
built a three-story brick hotel, on the site now

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

occupied by Mr. C. E. Munsons's residence ;
the second floor was a dancing hall and concert
room. William Burnham was the first "land-
lord," and kept the house until 1811, when he
removed to the southwest corner of Second and
Main streets — a frame building owned by Gen.
Isaac Van Home, and there kept tavern with
the sign of the "Merino Ram."

In 1806, Benoni Pearce kept the hotel built by
Gen. Van Home, on the northeast comer of
Fifth and Main streets, the site now occupied
by the Zane House. He was succeeded in 1806
by James Reeve, who had the sign of the
" Western Star," and kept there until 1814.

The " Green Tree," on the southeast corner
of Fourth and Main streets, was kept by John
S. Dugan in 1817. This house had some highly
honored guests ; President Monroe, accompanied
by Gen. Lewis Cass ; Gen. Brown, Commander-
in-chief of the U. S. Army, and Gen. McComb,
with. their body guard, consisting of two men in
livery, were quartered there when passing
through this then " great and beautiful north-
west country ! " At this house, in 1820, an en-
tertainment for the benefit of the Greeks, who
were in rebellion against the Turks, was given ;
and here, "Julia Dean," the afterwards popular
actress, made her debut.

The following is a petition for the license of
tavern keepers, store keepers, and ferries : "To
the Honorable, the Associate Judges of the
Court of Common Pleas, for the county of Mus-
kingum, in the State of Ohio, for the August
term 1807."

" We, the undersigned, your petitioners, re-
siding in said countj^ do recommend Peter
Speck, Benoni Pearce, Jacob Good, Andrew
Moon, John Gardner, Charles Williams, Paul
Hahn, Michael Hoffman, Thomas Knowles,
George Heap and Thomas Ward as fit and
proper persons to keep public houses of enter-
tainment, at their respective places in Zanesville
and Muskingum county, and are of the opinion
that a license may be granted them.

" We also recommend David Peter, Jeffrey
Price and Increase Mathews as fit and proper
persons to keep stores for the sale of foi'eign
merchandise in Muskingum county.

" We also recommend Rufus Putnam and
others, and John Mclntire, to keep ferry, as for-
merly at Zanesville. August 20, 1807. (Signed)
William Newell, Levi Whipple, Samuel Beach,
Alex. McCoy, B. Buckingham, Increase Math-
ews, A. Briggs, Benjamin Tupper, David Stick-
ney, E. Buckingham, John Leavins, John Lehew,
Abel Lewis, Robt. Taylor, John Heckewelder,
David Peter, Peter Guests, John Knisely, Phillip
Minnick, John Ziegler, Abram Mosser, George
Pease, John Newton, John Henry, Thomas Roe,
David I. Marple, Isaac Hazlett, James Taylor,
John Mathews, William Montgomery, John
Gardner, Christian Spangler, Henry Crooks,
David Vandenbark and Daniel Convers."

At the Court of Associate Judges, held in
Zanesville, Ohio, August 29, 1807, was granted
the following licenses, to wit:

" Peter Speck, Benoni Pearce, Andrew Moon,
Jacob Good, Charles Williams, Paul Hahn,
Michael Hoffman, Thomas Knowles and Thom-
as Ward — Taverns.

"David Peter, Jeffrey Price and Increase
Mathews — Stores.

' ' Rufus Putnam and John Mclntire — Ferries ;
each having paid the required fee of fifty cents."

In 181 7, John S. Dugan bought the " Green
Tree Tavern," and changed the sign to
" Dugan's Hotel."

In 1823, Mr. Frazey erected the hotel on north
Fourth street, now kno^n as the Kirk House.

In 1842-43 Dr. Hamm contracted with James
Ramage to remove the Taylor tavern, and erect
a brick building for hotel purposes. Mr. Ram-
age did the wood work and E. H. Church the
stone and brick work. "Joe " Stacy kept the
house, and it was known as " Stacy's Hotel,"
and as it changed hands it became the " Wins-
low House," "Mclntire House," " Mills House,"
and finally was taken away and the present
magnificent building, " The Clarendon," was
erected in 1877. E. H. Church, the skillful and
faithful mechanic, superintended the stone and
brick work.

St. Lawrence Hotel, southwest comer of
Main and Fourth streets, was erected in 1859
by Dr. Alfred Merrick, but was used for public
offices until 1872, when it was leased to J. T.
Brown, who kept it as a private boarding house
until 1873, when it was enlarged and fitted up
for a Hotel. Dr. Merrick died in August of that
year, and in 1874 ^^^ son, Charles E. Merrick,
and his father's administrator, Allen Miller, fur-
nished the house and leased it to Capt. Joseph
McVey, long and favorably known in this valley.
The Capt. named the house " St. Lawrence,"
in compliment to Mrs. C. E. Men-ick, nee Law-
rence. Chas. E. and Mrs. Merrick were the
first guests when the house was opened. The
hotel has passed through the management of
the following persons : Capt. McVey, David
B. Roush, " Lou." B. Cook, C. C. Gibson and
is now in the management of Wm. M. Bisant.
Capt. McVey has been identified with the hotel,
with but a short intermission, from the beginning,
and is now a veteran hotel, keeper, retained in
that service.

The American Encaustic Tiling Company,
LIMITED. — The manufacture of tiling for floors
and hearths is now very ornamental and in gen-
eral use. The industry was inaugerated in this
county by Messrs. Fisher and Lahsihg, of New
York, who, in 1874, engaged Mr. F. H. Hall, a
native of Muskingum, to experiment with the
clay and select a location, with the view of es-
tablishing works here. He rented an old pot-
tery on Hughes street, near the canal, and with
a small force and machinery sufficient to make the
test, procured clay from the hills south of the
Marietta road, and found it good in two varie-
ties, one burning red, and the other buff, and as
other colors could be made by the desired pig-
ments, it was determined to go on and inauger-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ate the business in a permanent manner. In
1876, Gilbert Elliott succeeded Mr. Hall as man-
ager, and continued in that capacity until March
I, 1879, when he was succeeded by Martin Lipe,
and George A. Stanbery as general superintend-
ent, and on the twentieth of the same month the
present company was formed.

Their present buildings were erected in 1878,
and include five large kilns. The total cost
was thirty-five thousand dollars. The import-
ance of this industry is constantly developing, as
the clay is abundant and the product both beau-
tiful and durable, and supplies a want heretofore
met only by Staffordshire, England, from whence
it was imported, being brought as ship ballast.
The American tile is far more beautiful in every
respect, and clay arid coal being so abundant,
tiling is now afforded at lower rates than the
Staffordshire.

Tin and Copper Smiths. — ^John Dulty, Sen.,
from Wheeling, Va., started his son George in
this business in 1809. About the first work he
did, was to make the ball for the top of the cupola
of "old 1809," court house. George returned to
Wheeling and was succeeded by his brother
John, in 18 11, and he returned to Wheeling soon
after and remained until after the close of the-
war of 181 2, when he returned and continued
the business alone until 1826, when his brother
Michael joined him. In 1830, they built a two
story brick store, where Benijett's jewelry place
now is, and did a wholesale and retail business.
They sold the first cook stove, out of a store in
this county, in 1826. In 1843, Michael with-
drew. In 1850, he bought the concern of his
brother, and continued the business until the fall
of 1854, then sold to J. L. Thacker. Mr. Dulty
purchased the place formerly owned by Hon.
Seth Adams, on River road, and there planted a
vineyard.

The First Tobacconist. — In the spring of
181 7, Mr. J. L. Cochran engaged in the business
of a tobacconist in Mud Hollow, on Main street,
between Sixth street and Sewer alley, on the
ground now occupied by property owned by C.
Geis. He manufactured cigars, chewing and
smoking tobacco for a great many years. His
sign was a negro about three feet high, called
Congo. In one hand the little black fellow held
a bunch of cigars, in the other a box of snuff.
The young chap was not flesh and bone, but
wood. Wesley Alwine gave him the ebony tint.

Mr. Cochran was the first man who entered
into the business of a tobacconist in Zanesville,
in all its branches.

Daniel Christ was one of the tobacconists in
an early day. His residence was on the site af-
terwards owned by McMitchell & Henry Bimple,
on Fourth .street, and his shop was by the side of
his dwelling. His sign read, "Daniel Christ,
Tobacconist." The boys all knew that shop,
and used to delight to sing out his name and
business. About 1827 or '28, Mr. Christ and
Parson Shide got on a spree together, and though
much attached to each other, they got into a dis-

pute, which some wags managed to have settled
according to the southern code, and so they
agreed to fight a. duel with horse pistols — pistols
well known to the old settlers. They are seldom
seen now. At Galigher's, in those early times,
there were chaps who always took delight in
pushing forward anything which would afford
innocent sport. So arrangements were made to
have the matter of honor settled immediately,. in
the third story of Galigher's store I'oom, The
weapons, as before mentioned, were horse pistols
— a very formidable weapon, and the distance
twenty paces. Jimsey Culbertson and Nev
Thompson were the seconds, Billy Galligherthe
umpire.

In addition to the seconds, several intimate
friends of the principals were present. The
principals were in earnest. With them it was
a matter of honor, which might result in the death
of one or both. It was a serious matter. And
yet it was an affair of honor, and if a man kills
his nearest and dearest friend, his honor must be
maintained unsullied. One gentleman heed-
lessly had made some remark during the dispute
which seemed to impugn the honor of his friend
and comrade. The gentleman, in a gentlemanly
way, demaded a retraction on the spot. The
other gentleman not meaning to impugn the
honor of any one, and not believing that any re-
mark he had made could be so construed, his
honor would not permit him to retract. In fact
he had nothing to retract. Friends interested by
the friends only made matters worse. And to
the regret of principals and their friends, it was
found that it was necessary to prepare coffee and
pistols for two. The gentlemen had nerve.
They marched up boldly to the third story, their
seconds, carrying the horse pistols, accompany-
ing them.

In silence, twenty paces were measured off.
The parson, during these proceedings, thinking
derhaps that his last day upon earth had prob-
ably come, made a beautiful prayer. The
seconds, in whispers, addressed each other.
Everything was still and quiet, and the proceed-
ings partook veiy much of the character of a
funeral. The gentlemen were stationed twenty
paces from each other, back to back. The horse
pistols, each loaded with powder and a light
paper wad, were placed in their hands by the
seconds. And now came: "One,'" "Two,"
"Fire!" at which command Mr. Christ, in his
eagerness to whirl around first and get in the
first fire upon the Parson, accidently shot his
pistol off in turning. The Parson, now seeing
his opponent at his mercy, became magnanimous
and fired his pistol towards the ceiling. And
thus this affair of honor was settled satisfactorily
to both parties, without bloodshed.

Edge Tools. — In 1817, Thomas Adams,
James Crosby and Thomas L. Pierce established
an edge tool manufactory in West Zanesville.
They made scythes, sickles, axes etc. Their
wares were said to be equal to the best EngHsh
make, but owing to local prejudice, were not

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

salable at home. They, therefore, adopted the
ruse of sending them to Pittsburg, where they
were branded "Pittsburg Manufacturing Com-
pany," and reshipped to Zanesville and other
western towns and sold readily at good prices ;
but such additional expense rendered the busi-
ness unprofitable, and it was ultimately aban-
doned, about 1848.

''' Auger Making. — The subscriber informs
the public that he has taken the shop adjoining
the old glass works, opposite the pottery of Judge
SuUivan, in Zanesville, where he will carry on
the business of auger making in all its branches.
The articles will be made of the best materials,
and all orders will be promptly attended to. —
["Muskingum Messenger," January 28, 1818.]

John Mackey."

In 1819, William McCurdy engaged in the
manufacture of edge tools, augefs, hoes, etc. His
establishment was on the corner of Fountain
alley and Fifth street. He subsequently sold
out to William Langle3^

Wagon Makers. — William Schutz came from
Winchester, Virginia, and opened a wagon shop
in 1832, and continued the business with success
until 1849. He made coaches for the Ohio Stage
Company, and tradition informs us they rode as
easy as the famous " Concord," of later times.

There were others who repaired wagons, but
none to excel in the manufacture, as now.

July 28, 1873, the Brown Manufacturing Com-
pany was incorporated, under the management
of a Board of Directors, the first of whom were
Peter Black, W. A. Graham, F. J. L. Blandy,
Colonel M. Churchill, James Herdman, Thomas
Griffith and William P. Brown.

The first officers , elected were Peter Black,
President ; Oliver C. Ong, Secretary and Wm.
P. Brown, Superintendent.

The works were burned in the month of June,
1880, and immediately rebuilt.

The authorized capital, $300,000; paid up
capital, $100,000.

The company manufacture about $150,000
worth of wagons, agricultural implements, etc.,
annually ; the average monthly pay roll is $4,000.

Wool Carding. — The Putnam Manufactur-
ing Company, about June 20th, 1816, put in op-
eration three wool carding machines, at their fac-
tory in Putnam, two for carding common ;ind
one for carding merino wool. "These machines
were made under the superintendence of Mr.
Hopkins, and equal to, if not surpassing any in
the United States." The company announced
themselves ready to receive wool at their factory,
which was at the west end of the lower bridge,
and which, they said, "must be bought in sheets
or blankets, having been picked clean of sticks,
burs, etc. ; one pound of clean grease, hog's lard
or fresh butter, must be put in every eight pounds
of common wool ; every twelve pounds of merino
wool must have one pint of sweet oil put into it.
If the owner of the wool can not conveniently
procure sweet oil, it will be furnished by the
company at his expense. If the common wool

is prepared as above stated, and the merino wool
as stated below, the Superintendent engages to
pay for the wool, if the owner shall not receive
good rolls.

The price for carding will be as follows :

For common wool .'....10c per pound.

For one-half or one- fourth blood merino

wool ]2Je " "

For three-fourths or full blood wool 15c " "

Jeremiah Dare.

Method of Preparing Merino Wool — Wash
it in a mixture of three parts water and one
part chamber lye, in which put a small quantity
of hard soap ; heat it slowly until it comes near
to boiling, stir well during the process, then
rinse it well in a basket,to keep it from matting ;
when dry, you may put in your oil, etc. — ["Mus-
kingum County Messenger]. J. D."

Putnam, June 20, 1816.

Woolen Mills. — Jeremiah Dare first oper-
ated a small mill that stood on the site occupied
by the woolen mill on Main street, near the
bridge, which was described as "just below the
Granger mill." It was leased of J. R. Thomas.
In 1822, he took his son Jesse in with him, and
they operated until April, 1838, when his son,
"Thomas J., purchased a half interest, and in af-
ter years came to own the whole. In Novem-
ber, 1840, this mill was burned with its contents,
but was rebuilt by Jeremiah Dare, and nearly
ready for operation by April, 1841.

The new and improved machinery and in-
creased capacity enabled the operator to do a
much larger business. Thomas J. Dare died
January 22, 1865, and after this time Jeremiah
Z., Thomas J., Jr., and Lewis Dare conductdU
the business until December, 1878, when the
mill was closed.

Isaac Dillon's woolen factory was built before
1817, as appears from his advertisement in the
Zanesville "Express" in October of that year, in
which it is stated that "George Brooke has taken
the clothing works at the mouth of Licking
creek. West Zanesville, the property of Isaac
Dillon, to full, dye and dress woolen goods."
Added to this, was "a carding mill, builtin 1821
or 2 ; the buildings extended to the side of the
bridge, were two-stories high, with a basement
used for a store. Moses Wheeler, Moses Dillon
and Clement Brooks were clerks for Mr. Dillon.
Their foreman was Mr. R. Taylor, from Rhode

Island ; their weaver was Locherage,

from Ireland. They manufactured broadcloth,
satinet, flannel and blankets. In 1827, they pur-
chased a loom for making figured carpets. Their
first carpet was an ingrain, all wool, with the
rose and thistle in the figure, large and hand-
some, and sold to Mrs. Dr. Washington More-
head, of Zanesville, and'regarded as very fine.
Mr. Dillon was an enterprising man and a de-
cided acquisition to the community. Mr.
William Johnson leased the wool carding ma-
chine of Mr. Dillon, May 12, 1819, as also ap-
pears from the Zanesville "Express," but the
duration of the lease is not stated.

AMERICAN ENCAUSTIC TILE COMPANY.

Thg pioneer establishment for the manufacture of Encaus-
tic Tile is that which is novr widely Icnown by the above title.
It is an Incorporated company, the principal interest being
owned in New Yorlc. The works are quite extensive, and are
located on Marietta street, Zanesville. They were built at a
large outlay of money. The machinery was built to order,
and is of the most practical pattern. The employes are eighty
in number, the majority of whom are skilled workmen.
Shipments are made from Maine to Oregon, and from San
Francisco to New York. These goods are also sold to the

European market. The manufactured Tile is beautifully col-
ored, and made from new designs.

The officers of the Company are B. Fletcher, President;
George E. Lansing, Treasurer ; Wm. G. Flammer, Secretary,
and George A. Stanberry, Superintendent of works. Among
the many notable public buildings fitted up by this enterpris-
ing company may be mentioned the Exchange Hotel, at Col-
umbus, Ohio ; the Court House, Indianapolis, Indiana, and
the Schultz Opera House, of Zanesville.

SAMUEL W. CLARK'S LUMBER YARD.
Office corner of Underwood and Kelley Streets, Zanesville.

About fifty years ago Mr. Samuel Clark opened a Lumber
Yard at the west end of Market street, where he continued in
business over thirty years, when he formed a. partnership with
.Tames Herdman, under the firm name of Clark & Herdman,
and remained in that business relation until January 4, 1873,
at which time he disposed of his interest in the firm. On
March 4, 1873, Samuel W. Clark, a son of Samuel Clark, and
who had been a clerk for Clark & Herdman for several years,
started a lumber office on the corner of Underwood and Tarrier
streets, remaining in that place for more than six years. In
July of 1879 he removed his office to the corner of Underwood
and Kelley streets, where he still continues, and now has in his
warehouses more than four times his original stock of dressed
lumber. He has also increased his yard room, and now occu-

pies ground on the north side of Price street, and on the corner
of Howard and Fifth streets. He keeps constantly on hand a
large stock of Oak, Fine and Poplar Lumber, Bash, Doors, etc.
Has Pine Shingles under shed and in warehouses. Pine and
Oak Flooring, Pine and Poplar Siding, Cornice, Base Boards,
Door Jambs, Casings, etc., ripped and ready for immediate use.
He makes Mantels, Doors, Window Frames, glazes Sash, and
has large and small framing timber. He also sells Builders'
Hardware, Fire Fronts, Spouting, Pickets, etc. In fact, aims
to give persons desirous of building a complete outfit. Per-
sons who anticipate building houses, barns, or do repairing
work, are cordially invited to call and examine his stock. He
is confident that he can make it to their interest to deal with
him.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ZANESVILLE INDUSTRIES" AND DIRECTORY OF
1881.

It is gratifying to know thac so enlightened a
body as "Ohio's Editors" have found "the City
of Natural Advantages" all that they anticipated,
and more, and that they could so heartily ex-
press the encomiums uttered while here, and
make Zanesville industries the theme of gratula-
tion and emulation in the columns of the papers
over which thej^ preside. Especially, as "the
programme arranged by the committee for that
department, for the entertainment of "Ohio's
Editors," comprised only the most prominent ;
anticipating that even such a list must prove too
long for the time at their disposal. The pro-
gramme was followed, however, and with a de-
gree of interest rarely equaled and never sur-
passed. It is deemed a proper closing of
the recital of the foregoing pages, to give a class-
ified list and directory of the industries of Zanes-
ville for the above year :,

Art and Arhsts —

Barton, J. P., portrait painter, 128 Main.
Craig, Charles, portrait painter, 104 Main.

[PHOTOGRAPHERS . ]

Lauck, 61 Main.
Rich, 13 N. 5th and loi Main.
Sturgeon, 200 Main.
Sedgwick, 133 Main.
Starke, s.e.c. 3d and Main.

A wn ing-Maker —

Mylius, Gust., 25 Maginnis Block.

Bakeries —

Barton, Martha, s.e.c 8th and Harvey.
Blankenbuhler, J., city bakery, 36 N. 7th.
Bloomer & Bell, 163 Main.
Ehrman, Fred., 45 Main.
Gizax, Chas., 231 Main.
Hiller, Anthony R., 107 Marietta.
Johnston, R. R., 173 N. 7th.
Petit & Strait, s.e.c. Orchard and Under-
wood.
Snell, Wm.., n.e.c. 7th and Elm.
Stolzenbach, C, 135 Main.

Bell and Brass Foundry —

Dockray, Chas., 73 N. 4th.

Book-Binders —

Elliott & Co., 177 Main.
Sandel, L. D., i7iN. 4th. •
Sullivan & Parsons, Maginnis Block.
"Courier" office.

Bracket Manufacturers —

Herdman, Harris & Co., 39 Market.

Brewers —

Achauer, C. F., s.s. Main, e. of 9th.

Bohn, Sebastian, s.w.c. Spurck and Mari-
etta.

Benner, J. A. & Co., cor. Spring and High.

Fisher Bros., 29 Monroe.

Merkle Bros., e.s. Glass House, s. of
Hugh?S.

Brick Manufacturers —

Harris, W. B. & Bros., b. Marietta road
and old Wheeling road, near the corpora-
tion line, 3d ward.

Hunter, Wm., s. of Marietta road, 3d ward.

Townsend, T. B., 201 Main.
Broom-Handles and Brooms —

Shinnick, Wm. M., Jr., 68 Main.
Brush Manufacturer —

Seaman, John D., 23 N. 5th, 2d floor.

Cabinet-Makers [Skilled Workmen] —

Bailey, W. H., 42 N. 3d st.

Harris, D. A., s.e. cor. 6th and Main.
Candle Manufacturers —

Hahn, David, 93 Marietta.

Shultz & Co., n.w.c. 7th and Canal.
Carriage Manufacturers —

Christ, J. L., s.s. Marietta, b. 7th and 8th.

Doudna, J., 190 Putnam ave.

Fortune, F. W., 75 S. Sth.

Gebele, Sebastian, w.s. Amelia, b. Lee and
Jackson.
• Hoffman Bros., s.s. Main, b. 8th and gth.

Holbrook, John, s.e.c. Market and 3d.

Mader Bros., junction Main and Market.

Moore, Wilson C, s.e.c. Market and 3d.

Palmer, Davis, 62 W. Main, 7th ward.

Schubach & Co., s.s. Main, b. Sth and 9th.

Smith, J. & Co., b. 2d and 3d, near Putnam
bridge.
Coffin Manufacturers —

Hatcher, J. & Co., canal bank, opp. ist.
Coppersmiths —

Foi-d, Wm. D., Fountain alley, b. 7th and
Underwood.

McCormick, G. W., 53 Main.
Cotton Manufacturers —

Hooven & Allison, n.e.c. 6th and Marietta.
Cultivator Mamfacturers —

Brown Manufacturing Co., s.w.c. Under-
wood and R.R.
File Manufacturers —

Blandy, H. &F., s.w.c. 3d and Market.

Roekel, Henry, 225 Main.
Fire-Brick —

Stultz & Guthrie, n.w.c. 5th and Canal.
Flouring Mills —

Allen, Josiah B., 29 Main ; mill, canal bank,
foot of 3d.

Applegate, D., 15 S. 3d.

"Cassel Mills," (Pickering, Grant & Co.),
foot of Main.

"West Side Mill," (Drone & Co.), e.s. Riv-
er St., near R.R. bridge.

"Pataskala Mills," 16 W. Main.
Furniture Manufacturers —

Abel, Fred, 25 N. sth.

Burrough & Co., 67 Main.

Gary Brothers & Silvey, 78 Main.

Miller, Thomas, e.s. Hall ave., third house
north of Spring.

Mull, Geo. P., s.e.c. 6th and Main.

Rarick, John T., 207 Main.

Vogel, Ferdinand C, 80 Market.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Glass Manufacturers —

Kearns, Herdman & Gorsuch, s,e.c. Main
and ist.

Glue Manufacturer —

Arndt, Herman, s.s. Main, b. Luck and
Ridge avenues.

Iron Foundries —

Duvair & Co., n.e.c. Market and 3d.

Griffith & Wedge, 93 S. Sth.

RatlifF& Cunningham, s.e.c. Moxahala ave.

and Jefferson.
Ready, Wm., e.s. River, opp. Mclntire ave.

Last Manufacturers —

Smith, J. & Co., b. 2d and 3d, near Putnam
bridge.

Marble Works —

McBride, S. G., cor. South and 3d.
Mitchell, M. V., 245 Main.
Mitchell & Stultz, s.w.c. Market and 4th.
Townsend, W. C, 5 Main.

Mattress Manufacturer —

Mylius, Gust., 25 N. 5th.

Mill Machinery —

Blandy, H. & F., s.w.c. 3d and Market.
Duvall & Co., n.e.c. Market and 3d.

Mining Machinery —

Griffith & Wedge, 93 S. 5th.
Pa^er Bag Manufacturers —

Elliott & Co., 177 Main.
Pa^er Box Manufacturer —

Brenholts, Chas. J., n.w.c. 6th and South.
Pafer Mills —

Glessner & Gilbert, 307 N. 7th.

Mathews, Edward, s.w.c. Underwood and

Pattern-Makers —

Bailey, W. H., 42 N. 3d.

Harris, D. A., s.e.c. 6th and Main.
Planing Mills —

Drake, Thomas, n e.c. Lee and Amelia.

Guthrie & Coulter, cor. Jefferson and Mus-
kingum avenue.

Hall, William & Son, 44 N. 3d.

Herdman, Harris & Co., 39 Market.
Plow Manufacturers —

Brown Manufacturing Co., s.w.c. Under-
wood and Railroad.

Huff, E. S. & Son, 66 W. Main, 7th ward.

Jones & Abbott, 41 S. 3d.

Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons, Fountain
alley, east of 7th.
Potteries —

Bumbaugh, Calvin, e.s. Muskingum ave.,
b. Harrison and Pierce.

Hamelback, Duncan, n.e.c. Muskingum
ave. and Pierce.

Hopkins & Pickerel, e.s. Muskingum ave.,
b. Madison and Van Buren.

Smith, Nathan K., w.s. Muskingum ave.,
south of Pierce.

Wilbur, Henry M., e.s. Muskingum ave.,
b. Van Buren and Harrison.

Saddle- Tree Manufacturer —

Fortune, F. W., 75 S. 5th.
Saddle and Harness Manufacturers —

Akerly, George G., 195 Main.

Haver, Edward B., 79 Main.

Haver, Samuel C, Jr., 159 Putnam ave.

Hawxhurst, H. R., Market alley, b. 4th
and 5th.

Lenon, Thomas, 199 .Putnam ave.

Mylius, Henry, 223 Main.

Power, P. O., 39 W. Main, 7th ward.

Sarchet, Thomas B., 60 Main.

Waters, Sampson, 41 Main.

Sash, Doors, and Blinds [Manufacturers] —

Clark, Samuel W., n.w.c. Kelly and Under-
wood.

Curtis, James P. & Co., e.s. Sth, b. Main
and South.

Drake, Thomas, n.e.c. Lee and Amelia.

Guthrie & Coulter, s.w.c. Muskingum ave.
and Jefferson, and N. 3d, near Main.

Hall, William & Son, 44 N. 2d.

Herdman, Harris & Co., 39 Market.

Saw Manufacturers —

Blandy, H. & F., s.w.c. 3d and Market.

Sawmill Btiilders —

Blandy H. & F., s.w.c. 3d and Market.
Duvall & Co., n.e.c. Market and 3d.
Griffith & Wedge, 93 S. 5th.

Scale Manufacturer—

Widney, Alexander, 245 Main.

Soa^ Manufacturers —

Hahn, David, 93 Marietta.

Shultz & Co., n.w.c. 7th and Canal.

Steamboat Engines —

Griffith & Wedge, 93 S.5th.

Steam Engine Builders —

Blandy, H. & F., s.w.c. Market and 3d.
Duvall & Co., n.e.c. Market and 3d.
Griffith & Wedge, 93 S. Sth.
Stove Manufacturers —

Jones & Abbott, 41 S. 3d.
Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons, Fountain
alley, east of 7th.
Tanners —

Greul, Bischoff & Bro., w.s. River road,
south of Hughes.
Taxidcniiisl —

Krause, Herman C, 12 S. 4th.
Tile Manufacturers —

American Encaustic Tiling Co., Crawford
street, sovith of Marietta road.
Undertakers, Etc. —

Hatcher, J. & Co., canal bank, opp. ist.
Wagon Manifacturers —

Brown Manufacturing Co., s.w.c. Under-
wood and Railroad.
Christ, J. L., s.s. Marietta, b. 7th and Sth.
Coon, George W., 3 W. Main, 7th ward.
Doudna, J., 190 Putnam ave.
Gebele, Sebastian, w.s. Amelia, b. Lee and
Jackson.

History of muskingum county, ohio.

Wagon Manufacturers — Continued :

Goelz, Peter, w.s. Hall ave., near Malinda.

Hoffman Bros., s.s. Main, b. 8th and 9th.

Lang, Felix, 18 Spvirck.

Long, Joseph, rear Ohio Iron Co.

Maier, John, s.s. Marietta, b. 7th and 8th.

Moore, Wilson C, s.e.c. 3d and Market.

Schiele, Joseph, w.s. 7th, b. Center and

Howard.
Schubach & Co., s.s. Main, b. 8th and 9th.
Smith, Isaac C, s.s. Marietta, b. 7th and 8th.
Smith, J. & Co., b. 2d and 3d, near Putnam

bridge.
Smith, S. B. & Son, s.s. Pierce, b. Putnam

and Woodlawn avenues.

Watches and Jewelry —

Bonnet, John M., 156 Main (E. Skeene,
master-workman and engraver).

Hube, Edward, 108 Main.

Leeper, Edward S., 185 Underwood.

Mershon, Ralph S., Clarendon block (R.
S. Mershon, master- workman and en-
graver).

Moore, Charles L., 5 N. 5th.

Watts, Arthur H., 35 N. 5th.

Woolen Mill—

Zanesville Woolen Manufacturing Co. ; mill,
store, and office, at the south end of the
3d street bridge.

CHAPTER V.

THE TOWN PLAT OF ZANESVILLE.

ADDITIONS AND SUBDIVISIONS INTO LOTS.

Compiled by W. H. CUNNINGHAM, Jb.

Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth his wife, on the
nineteenth day of December, in the year one
thousand eight hundred, for the consideration of
^e hundred dollars, conveyed to Jonathan Zane
aiid-J^hn Mclntire, " a certain tract or parcel of
land, containing six hundred and forty acres,
lying, and being, in the said county of Wash-
ington, in the northwest territory, on the Mus-
kingum river, and bounded as followeth, viz :
Beginning at the northwest corner at a post where
a white oak, thirty inches in diameter, bears
south twenty-one degrees, east twenty-three
links distant, and an elm, six inches diameter,
bears north eighty degrees, east twenty-two
links distant, thence runs east ninety chains,
to a post where a butternut tree, sixteen inches
diameter, bears north ten degrees, east seven
links distant, and one other butternut, fourteen
inches diameter, bears south fifty degrees, east
twenty-five links distant, thence south eighty
chains, to a dogwood sapling, where a hickory,
twenty-four inches diameter, bears north ten de-
grees, east fourteen links distant, and another
hickory, eight inches diameter, bears south six-
teen degrees, west twenty-six links distant ;
thence, west ninety chains, to a post, where a

white oak, eight inches diameter, bears north
sixty-four degrees, east twenty-four links dis-
tant, and an elm, fourteen inches diameter,
bears south ten degrees, west six links, thence
north eighty chains, to the place of beginning."

This being the "Zane grant," so called. The
nature of the bearing trees at the southeast cor-
ner would generally indicate that the land at
what is now the corner of Seventh and South
streets was rather low, perhaps a "hickory flat."
The "dogwood sapling" stood at that corner
for -many years, being carefully preserved as
one ot the most important trees in the vicinity.
Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire proceeded to
lay out a town, and on the 28th day of April,
1802, the Plat of the Town of Zanesville was
filed for record. The town was laid out in the
southeast corner to the Zane grant, and extended
to within a short distance of the Muskingum
river on the west. ,The east line was the west
line of Seventh street, being forty-nine and a
half feet west of the east line of the grant. The
south line was the north line of South street,
being thirty-three feet north of the south line
of the Zane grant. The north line was the
south line of North street.

The town, as laid out, consisted of nineteen
squares, of sixteen lots each, except square one,
which had six lots ; square two, containing four
lots ; square three, with eight lots and two frac-
tions ; square four, containing twelve lots, and
square five, containing fourteen lots and a frac-
tion. There was also a tier of lots unnumbered
and lying west of square seven, and extending
from Second street to the river, and from Mar-
ket street to North street.

Lots eight and sixteen in the thirteenth square,
were by the plat appropriated for a Market
house, and lots five, six, seven and eight in the
twelfth square, (the Court house lot) "for other
public uses."

The first lot sold was sold to Noah Zane, he pay-
ing thirty dollars for lot one in square two, it being
the first lot on the north side of Main street, east
of the canal. The deed is dated May 31, 1802.

John Dillon, as Master Commissioner, by
order of Court, on the ninth day of January, A.
D. 1849, subdivided a part of lots 3 and 4, in
square 2, into four lots, but the property is now
conveyed as parts of the original lots, no atten-
tion being paid to the subdivision.

John R. Howard, owning parts of lots 10, 11,
12, in the fourth square, subdivided them on Jan-
uary 25, 1842, making five lots, leaving a small
private alley back of the lots fronting Main
street.

James Taylor, owning lots 7 and 8 in the fifth
square, subdivided them into fifteen lots, six
fronting Main street, three fronting Third street,
and the others lying back. This plat was re-
corded December 26, 1826, but bears no other
date. May 9, 1834, these lots being then owned
by James Taylor, Peter Printz and S. P. Bailey,
a partition was made between them, Taylor
receiving a lot on the corner of Main street
and Beech alley. Printz receiving a lot on the

lOO

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

corner of Main and Third streets, and one front-
ing Third, and Bailey taking a lot fronting
Third street, lying south of a ten foot alley, run-
ning from third street to Beech alley. Taylor,
on the 9th day of November, 1836, subdivided
his portion into three lots, fronting Main street,
a four foot alley, and one lot corner of Beech
alley and the ten foot alley.

Amasa Van Home, as Executor, by order of
the Court, subdivided the east halves of lots 5,
6, 7 and 8, making five lots, which are known
as being in Van Home's subdivision, in the sixth
square. This subdivision was made May 4,
1864.

For many years, an alley running diagonally
through the eighth square, from South street to
Third street, had been used as a public highway.
In May, 1853, Daniel Applegate and Benjamin
Wheeler presented a petition to.the City Council,
representing that they were the owners of all the
land adjoining said alley, from Potter's alley to
Third street, and asking that that portion of the
alley should be vacated, alleging, as the princi-
pal reason, that it hindered the improvement of
that part of the city. Accordingly on the i6th
day of May, 1853, the Council, upon the recom-
mendation of a committee appointed for the pur-
pose, declared vacated that portion of the diag-
onal alley in the eighth square lying between
Potter's alley and Third street.

Gordius A. Hall, on the 15th day of Novem-
ber, 1833, subdivided lots seven and eight in the
eighth square, making seven lots and two alleys.

Alexander McLaughlin, (sometime between
May and October, 1809,) subdivided lots nine,
ten and eleven, in the eighth square, making
five lots and a ten foot .alley. This plat is very
imperfect, there being no date to the plat or to
the record, and no signature or acknowledge-
ment to the plat.

WilHam C. Kirker, April 22, 1833, subdivided
lot sixteen in the ninth square into five lots front-
ing on Main street, leaving a narrow alley in the
rear of them ; and on December 17, 1850, B. F.*
Leslie, as Sheriff", by order of the Court, sub-
divided seventy-nine and a half feet off the west
side of Kirker's subdivision into four lots.

James Taylor, August 7, 1840, subdivided the
east parts of lots one and. two, in square eleven,
into three lots, and January 9, 1849, John Dillon,
as Master Commissioner, divided lots one and
two of this subdivision into two lots. James
Taylor, on August 7, 1840, divided fifty feet off
the south side of lot number four in the eleventh
sauare into four lots, but did not number them.

David J. Marple subdivided lots nine, ten,
eleven and twelve in the eleventh square into
ten lots, five fronting on Main street and five
fronting Fifth street. There is also included a
reservation of ten feet wide, lying south of the
Main street lots, and now used as a private alley.
There is no date to this plat, and neither signa-
ture nor acknowledgement. It was recorded
January 22, 1822. It is frequently called the
"Bank subdivision."

Sheriff B. F. Leslie, by order of the court, on

December 17, 1850, subdivided the south half of
lot seven and lot eight, in the fourteenth square,
into seven lots.

James Taylor, August 7, 1840, divided lot 13
in square 14, into three lots, which he did not
number.

Samuel Clark and John M. James, March 26,
1872, subdivided lot one, in square fifteen, into
four lots.

Wm. A. Adams, Master Commissioner, by
order of Court, December 1,1836, divided lots
five, six, seven and eight in square sixteen into
nine lots. This subdivision is sometimes called
"Chancery Subdivision," but is more generally
known as "Culbertson's Subdivision."

Thomas Drake and Edward S. Garner, March
26, 1866, subdivided lots one, two and three in
the seventeenth square into eight lots.

John Stevens, January 4, 1869, subdivided the
east halves of lots nine, ten and eleven and part
of the west half of lot eleven in square seventeen
into five lots.

Sheriff Carson Porter, by order of Court, April
3, 1849, subdivided a part of lots six, seven and
eight m square eighteen into three lots.

Shortly after the town of Zanesville was laid
out, Messrs. Zane and Mclntire aparted the res-
idue of Zane's Grant. That portion immediately
adjoining the town on the north and extending
from Seventh street to the river, became the
property of John Mclntire, and the part north of
it, lying between a line drawn from Elm street
west and the river, was conve3ed to Zane.

March 21, 1855, the administrators of the es-
tate of John Mclntire laid out that portion of this
part of Zane's Grant which lies between Seventh
and Third streets. The subdivision was called
the "Northern Addition," containing fifty-six
lots. The streets and alleys were made to cor-
respond with the streets and alleys in the original
town. The square bounded bv Sixth, North,
Fifth and Center streets, containing a little more
than two acres, was dedicated for school pur-
poses.

September 24, 1862, Mclntire's administra-
tors laid out "Northern Addition No. 2," em-
bracing the land between Third street and Beech
alley and North street and the railroad, into nine
lots, numbered consecutively from fifty-seven to
sixty-fi\(,\ both inclusive, and an alley 16^ feet
wide.

The Zane tract lying north, consisting of
twenty-three and a half acres, in a triangular
form, was purchased by David J. Marple, and
was, by him, July 21, 1810, divided into seven
lots of from two and a half to about four acres in
size. These lots have always been designated
as out lots in 'Marple's River Bottom."

Daniel Brush, as proprietor, July 3, 1843, sub-
divided outlot one, Marple's river bottom, calling
it "Howard's sub-division," by which name' it
has since been known. He laid out six lots,
fronting on the south side of Water street ; four
lots front Court street, which sti'eet he made
thirty-three fe|| wide ; and one lot fronting the
east side of Fourth street, leaving a small trian-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

lOI

gular piece west of Fourth street. The land ly-
ing on the river bank north of Water street he
divided into five lots, calling them "River Bank
lots."

Hall's second addition was made by John
Hall, June 15, 1838, being part of river bottom
lot No. 3, and consists of four fractional lots ly-
ing between Howard's sub-division and Fifth
street, and four lots fronting the east side of
Fifth street.

John Hall's third addition, also part of out-lot
three, is a lot thirty-seven feet square, on the west
side of Fifth street, and one lot 37x132 feet
fronting the east side of Fifth street. It was
made June 2, 1842.

John Hall's fourth addition, made July 31,
1848, is another part of outlot three, and consists
of six lots fronting* Seventh street on the west
side and running back to Sewer alley.

Robert Mitchell's addition is a sub-division of
part of outlot four, made May 24, 1839, ^^^
consists of three ' fractional lots fronting the west
side of Fifth street, six lots fronting the east side
of Sixth street and one lot fronting the west side
of Seventh street.

G. A. Jones' addition is also a part of outlot
four, consisting of six lots fronting the west side
of Sixth street, south of what is known as the
"old Rope Walk lot." The plat is dated Febru-
ary, 18, 1850. •

John R. Howard, January 8, 1836, sub-divided
a part of outlot five, which sub-division was called
by the name of "Howard street lots." Two lots
front Fifth street, north of Howard ; thirteen lots
front the north side of Howard street ; three lots
front Seventh street ; a large lot,, running from
Fifth street nearly to Seventh street on the south
of Howard street, is called the rope walk lot. It
has since been cut up, by reason of Sixth street
and the alleys being extended north to Howard
street ; the east end of Howard street is the shape
of an arc of a circle, the center point of which, in
the original plat, was north of the street, but the
Common Pleas Court at the April term, 1837,
upon petition of John R. Howard, changed it so
the center of the circle would fall south of the
street.

Pafer Mill Addition. — This addition was made
April I, 1861, and was formed hj a sub-division
of Marple's outlofs six and seven, made by
James L. Cox, George Rishtine, C. R. Hubbell
and Elizabeth M. Cox: Two large lots (Nos.
one and two) and three small lots, front the west
side of Seventh street ; twelve lots front the
south side and five lots front the north side of
Zane street.

Cox's sub-division of lots nineteen, twenty,
twenty-one and twenty-two in the paper mill ad-
dition by J. L. Cox, April I, 1816. Five lots
fronting north side of Zane street and one lot
fronting the railroad.

The Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing
Company, November 15, 1836, laid out the land
lying between Second street and the river, and
north of Market, into eleven lots, three of which
were not numbered.

WEST ZANESVILLE.

In the partition of their property, between
Mclntire and Zane, all that part of West Zanes-
ville lying east of Blue avenue was deeded to
Mclntire and that west to Zane.

John Mclntire, March 23, 1809, laid out a tier
of lots fronting the west side of River street,
which were numbered on the recorded plat from
one to twenty inclusive. Several years after-
wards it was discovered that the lots had been
deeded as if in squares of eight lots to the square,
while there were no squares designated on the
recorded plat. This led to a great confusion in
the conveyances, which was remedied by a
special act of the Legislature passed March 2,
1838 (Local Laws 1838, p. 156), which declared
that the recorded plat should govern.

The administrators of John Mclntire, March
12, 1861, laid out tVvelve lots north of lot twenty,
fronting the west side of River street, which were
numbered from twenty-one to thirty-two, both
inclusive. Mclntire's administrators, June 17,
1865, laid out "River addition to West Zanes-
ville," consisting of eight lots between River
street and the river, running southerly from
Mclntire avenue.

Mclntire's administrators, July 19, 1863, made
another addition to West Zanesville, consisting
of eighty-one lots, numbered from thirty-three to
one hundred and thirteen, both inclusive. This
addition is bounded north by Mclntire avenue,
east by Peters' alley, south by Lee street, west
by Blue avenue, and includes "Mclntire Park,"
containing twelve and fifty-two one-hundredths
acres.

Philip Sunkel, February 4, 1870, sub-divided
lot ninety-nine, making eight lots fronting north
side of Keen street, with an alley sixteen and
one-half feet wide north, and leaving a strip three
and one-half feet wide extending along the en-
tire length of the lot.

Jacob Gunther, September 6, 1875, sub-di-
vided lots ninety-five and ninety-six, making three
lots running from Keen street to Jackson street.

Peter Schreck and Gottlieb Schoeller, January
I, 1869, sub-divided lot 102, making six lots
fronting Park street, six lots north and six lots
south of Grant street and six lots fronting Keen
street.

James Tui-ner, September 30, 1869, sub-
divided lot 103, making five lots fronting north-
east side of Keen street, five lots fronting south
side of a thirty-six foot street, and a large lot,
number eleven, fronting Park street. March i,
1875, he sub-divided the lot number eleven,
making six lots fronting the narrow cross street,
numbered from eleven to sixteen, and a large
lot, number seventeen, fronting Park street.
March 14, 1876, he sub-divided the lot number
seventeen, making five lots, numbered from sev-
enteen to twenty-one, all fronting the south side
of Park street.

Abraham Laird, August 11, 1869, subdivided
lot 108, making six lots on the east side of Ful-
ton street.

I02

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Albert Vetter, March 6, 1871, subdivided lot
109 into four lots fronting Park street and three
lots fronting Amelia street.

The administrators of John Mclntire, May 18,
1855, laid out what they designated "Mclntire
Terrace," consisting of forty-one lots bounded
on the north by Adair avenue, on the east by the
Dresden road, now Maple avenue, south by
Mclntire avenue, and west by Blue avenue.

William Fox, April 26, 1872, subdivided lots i
and 3 into eight lots fronting the west side of the
Dresden road, and six lots fronting the north side
of Mclntii^e avenue.

Austin Berry, April 17, 1872, subdivided lots
39, 40, and 41, into four lots fronting the Dres-
den road and eight lots fronting Adair avenue.

Mclntire's administrators, July 29, 1863, sub-
divided the land bounded north by the Zane
grant line, east by the Zane grant line and the
river, south by Mclntire avenue, and west by the
Dresden road, into fourteen lots, numbered from
42 to 54, both inclusive, which they designated
as "Mclntire Terrace No. 2."

Edward Ball, September 25, 1871, subdivided
lot No. 2 into nineteen lots fronting the west side
of River street, ten lots fronting Adair, avenue,
eight lots fronting the Dresden road, two lots
fronting a cross street, and two large lots east of
the tier fronting the Dresden road.

William Tallant, Jesse Keen, Robert Lee,
George W. Manypenny, and Hugh J. Jewett,
June 17, 185 1, subdivided that portion of Zane's
grant lying south of Keen street, west of Blue
avenue, and north and east of the Licking river,
excepting what had been sold to the Central
Ohio Railroad Company, making twenty-five
squares, with the requisite number of streets and
alleys. This subdivision is designated the "West-
ern addition to Zanesville."

George W. Manypenny, Jesse Keen, Hugh J.,^
Jewett, and William Tallant, July 18, 1855, ^^'
divided that part of the Zane grant bounded
north by the grant line, east by Blue avenue,
south by Keen street, and west by Licking river,
making thirteen town-lots fronting Keen street,
and eighteen outlets. This they called "Mt.
Auburn addition to Zanesville."

Ephraim C. Beckwith, May 6, 1868, subdi-
vided lots 12 and 17 into eight lots fronting Keen
street, twelve lots fronting State street, and ten
lots fronting Mt. Auburn street; and, July 10,
1872, subdivided lots 22, 23, 26, 27, and 30, of
his former subdivision, into eight lots fronting a
cross street, and twenty-six lots fronting Mt.
Auburn street.

Robert Lee, September 25, 1868, subdivided
lots 13 and 16, and parts of lots 14 and 15, into
five lots fronting "Stone Quarry alley," which
he made forty feet wide, and sixteen lots fronting
what he designated "High street."

John P. Stephens, November 29, 1868, subdi-
vided lot 18 into seven lots fronting Keen street,
and eight lots fronting State street.

That part of the Seventh ward included in
Zane's grant, Isaac Dillon, October 18, 1830,
laid out as "South Zanesville;" consisting of

twenty-three lots, lying between the National
road on the north and the Zane grant line, now
Muskingum avenue, on the south, and from the
river on the east to a north and south line eighty
feet west of the intersection of Pine street and
the National road.

David Young, March 24, 1830, laid out what
he styled "Olympus," it being ten lots extend-
ing from the National road south to Zane's line,
and running eastwardly from "Chap's Run,"
being a little west of South Zanesville. Septem-
ber 22, 1837, he laid out an addition of eight lots
between Luck and Ridge avenues, and the Na-
tional road and Zane's line. A plat of both ad-
ditions, called a corrected plat, was subsequently
recorded, but it bears no date, signature, or ac-
knowledgment.

John H. Sullivan made Kis first addition to
Zanesville, consisting of thirteen lots fronting
the north side of the National road, twelve lots
fronting Spring street, and four lots fronting
Chapman street, December 6, 1852 ; and his sec-
ond addition, consisting of eight lots fronting the
north side of the National road, nine lots front-
ing Young street, and ten lots fronting Pear
street, July 9, 1862.

What is known as SafFord's second addition,
was laid out by J. Price Safford, February 11,
1873, and consists of seventeen lots, between the
National road and Licking river, "east of State
street.

C. C. Russell's subdivision of the Safford farm
was made March 4, 1876, and embraces forty-
three lots in Zanesville and seventy-three lots in
Springfield township, lying southwesterly of the
National road. The land is a part of Zane's
grant, and parts of sections one and two, in
township sixteen, of range fourteen.

"Riverside," by Mary J. Porter, August 17,
1876, consists of thirty lots, most of them outside
of the city, lying between the National road and
Licking i-iver. The land is part of Zane's grant,
and part of the fourth quai-ter of Township i , in
Range 8, United States military land.

LAND NORTH OF MARKET AND EAST OF SEVENTH
STREETS.

The United States granted to Robert Under-
wood the third quarter of the first township, in
the eighth range of United States military lands,
containing 3,817 acres. In the southwest corner
of this tract, Underwood laid out a tier of eight
lots of five acres each, extending from Seventh
to Underwood streets, and from a short distance
north of Market street to the river, and another
tier of five lots of ten acres each east of Under-
wood street and west of Downer street. A street
was laid out east of these lots running north from
Market street, a little west of where Blocksom
street intersects Market, to the river, at a point on
the lands now owned b3'the Ohio IronCompanj^
All of this street except a part about ten chains
long, east of Rathbone's northeast addition, is
now fenced in, and houses are built on part of it.

David Harvey, January 30, 1808, sub-divided
lots one and two, making a tier often lots, 66 by

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

103

132 feet, beginning about fifty feet north of Mar-
ket street, and running north along Seventh
street, and eight large lots back. This is called
"Harvey's North Meadow."

Of apart of the eight outlots, Charles C. Gil-
bert, July 30, 1829, laid out "Gilbert's Addition,"
consisting of four lots fronting the west side of
Underwood street, and eight lots fronting what is
now known as Orchard street.

Henry J. Rownd, August 4, 1869, laid out
"Rownd's Addition," immediately west of Gil-
bert's, and being also a part of Harvey's outlots,
consisting of three lots north of, and four lots
south of Orchard street.

Samuel C. Abbott, July 9, 1849, subdivided
the north tier of Harvey's outlots, making sixteen
lots north, and sixteen lots south of Gilbert street.

Bernard VanHorne, March 22, 1839, sub-divid-
ed Underwood's outlot three, making eight lots
front the west side of Underwood street, twelve
lots the north side of, and twelve lots the south
side of Center street, and eight lots the east side
of Seventh street.

Alexander Culbertson, May 8, 1818, sub-di-
vided outlot four, into sixteen lots fronting the
north side, and sixteen lots fronting the south side
of Elm street.

John Farrier, February 9, 1827, sub-divided
the north part of outlot four, making two lots
front Underwood street, twelve lots front the
south side of Farrier street, and two lots fronting
Seventh street. The plat says this is part of Un-
derwood's outlot six, when in fact it is part of
lot four. This is sometimes erroneously called
Hamline and Farrier's Addition.

L. L. Hamline, June 12, 1830, sub-divided the
south part of outlot five, making two lots fronting
on Underwood street, two lots fronting on Sev-
enth street, and twelve lots fronting on the south
side of Kelly street. This plat says that it is a
subdivision of outlot six, when in fact it is a part
of outlot five. It is called. Hamline's first addi-
tion.

Hamline's Second Addition : L. L. Hamline,
June 4, 1832, part of outlot five, although plat
says part of lot six. Four lots front Seventh
street, four front Underwood street, and twelve
on each side of Kelly street.

Cassell's Addition : W. C. Cassell and Wil-
liam Galigher, June 21, 1849. South one-half
of outlot six ; four lots front Underwood street, four
front Seventh street, and twelve front the south
side of Zane street. An alley laid out by them,
called West alley, was vacated by the City Coun-
cil, March 12, 1866.

Michael Kennedy's sub-division of lots sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, in Cassell's
addition, December 6, 1876. Four lots front
Seventh street, and two front Zane street, num-
bered sixteen to twenty-one, both inclusive.

Charles R. Rhode's, addition, sub-division of
north one-half of outlot six, June 20, 1849. Four
lots front Underwood, four front Seventh, and
twelve front the north side of Zane street.

James M. Linnard's sub-division of one acre
in the southwest corner of outlot seven, three lots ;

two front Seventh street, and one back ; Septem-
ber 19, 1861.

John T. Shryock's addition, subdivision of
southeast corner of outlot seven ; three front Un-
derwood street, and six lots front Price street ;
January 6, 1868.

Black and Graham's addition, sub-division of
parts of outlots seven and eight, by W. A.
Graham and the heirs of Peter Black, May 20,
1880. Thirty-one lots, bounded north by the
lands of the Brown Manufacturing Company,
east by Underwood street, south by Price street
and Lark alley, and west by Seventh street.

Thompson's addition, sub-division of part of
outlot nine, and lands south, by Samuel Thomp-
son, October 25, 1832. Two lots front Under-
wood street, and thirteen front Orchard and
Branch street, west side, running southeasterly
to the National road. Market street extension
takes parts of lots numbers ten, eleven, twelve
and thirteen.

Blocksom's addition, sub-division of part of
outlot nine, in Underwood's, and lots one and
four in Marple's sub-division of the John Van
Home tract, by William Blocksom, about April,
i860. Three lots front Branch street, eleven
front the north side of Market street, six lie be-
tween Market street and National road, fronting
both, four front Blocksom street, and one fronts
Eastman street.

There is no date, signature, acknowledge-
ments or title to this plat.

A parcel of ground lying west of lot one, and
between Branch and Eastman streets, is general-
ly designated as Blocksom's outlot ten, which is er-
roneous, it being part of Underwood's outlot nine.

Blocksom's subdivision of lot one, in Block-
som's addition. A. P. Blocksom, May 11, 1874 '
five lots running from Branch street extended,
north to Eastman street.

Rathbone's northeast addition, subdivision ol
the north part of outlot nine and the south part
of outlot ten, by Juliette Downer, May 16, 1839.
Nineteen lots front Underwood street and twelve
each side of Elm street extended. A large lot is
marked "reservation."

Downer's subdivision of the "reservation" in
Rathbone's northeast addition, by E. M. Downer,
Master Commissioner, June 6, 1856 : Fourteen
lots numbered from forty-four to fifty-seven, both
inclusive.

Brush and Convers' first addition, subdivision
of parts of outlots ten, eleven and twelve and
part of the third quarter of the first township in
the seventh range United States military land,
by Daniel Brush and Charles C. Convei-s, July
17, 1849. Eight lots front Underwood street,
four front Spring street, south side, four north
and two south side Gardner street, twelve Mun-
roe street, east side, seventeen east side Adams-
ville Road, seven east side High street. A
peculiarity of this plat is that the streets are not
dedicated absolutely, but as easements merely.

Jonathan Swank's subdivision of lot forty-seven,
June 3, 1858, six lots fronting the east side of
the Adamsville Road.

I04

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Hamline's third addition, subdivision of parts
of Underwood's outlets No's, eleven, twelve and
thirteen, and part of the third quarter, township
one, range seven, by L. L. Hamline, December
24, 1841, seven squares. Square one: Four
lots front Spring street, four east side Under-
wood street, four west side Munroe street and
four east side Munroe street. Square two : Four
lots east side Underwood, four west side Munroe.
Square three : Four east side Munroe and four
west side Adamsville Road. Square four:
Seven lots west side Munroe and two east side
Underwood. Large lot marked "Thomas
Hillier." Square five: Four lots east side
Munroe, two front a ci-oss street, five south side
Fernanda street, two west side Adamsville
Road. Square six : Four lots west side Mun-
roe, seven north side Fernanda and seven south
side Malinda street. Square seven : nine lots
north of Malinda street, now thrown together
and occupied by the Ohio Iron Company.

Ward's Addition of lots one and four, and
large lot marked "Thomas Hillier," in the fourth
square; Hudson C. Ward, July 11, 1874.
Eleven lots fronting Underwood street, east side.

Subdivisions of lands in the third quarter of
township one, range seven, lying east of Under-
wood's lots and north of Market streets .

David J. Marple, July 21, 1819, subdivided a
farm of about 100 acres, called the "Montgomery
Place," being land now owned by Wm. Fox,
the heirs of Henry Blandy and othei"s, into eigh-
teen lots of from five to seven acres each, but
none of this land is now conveyed by the num-
ber of the lot.

Eastman's addition, being subdivision of land
bounded north by Eastman street and south by
the military line, adjoining Marple's subdivision
of the Van Home tract in the east, and Iving a
little west of Hamline avenue, was made by the
executors of Henry Eastman, deceased, October
4, 1873 . Seven lots front south side Eastman
street and fifteen front "LaFayette Place."

Vansant's addition, fronting the north side of
the National Road, was laid out by Eliza J.
Vansant, August- 14, 1873, and vacated by the
Court of Common Pleas, 1879.

William I. McBride's addition, (August 28,
1874,) ^ying south of the National Road, outside
the city limits, consists of nineteen lots fronting
a street running north and south.

Iron Addition, by Ohio Iron Company,
August 30, 1870, twenty-one lots fronting
Malinda street and northwest side of Adamsville
Road, and fourteen lots fronting Iron sti'eet.

"Muskingum Mining Company's subdivision
of that part of the Sam Brown farm lying south
of the Adamsville Road," July 30, 1852 ; twenty-
one lots of irregular shape and size.

"Muskingum Mining Company's subdivision
of that part of the Sam Brown farm lying north
of the Adamsville Road," April 30, 1853 ; thirty
lots, irregular in size and shape.

Lyman Little's subdivision of lots four, eleven
and twenty-four of the Muskingum Mining Com-
pany's subdivision of lands south of the Adams-

ville Road, June i, 1853 ; tier of twelve lots front-
ing a street running south from the road.

Silvas Porter's subdivision of lot twenty-five of
Muskingum Mining Company's subdivision,
south of Adamsville Road, April 30, 1869; four-
teen lots front street running north and south,
and eight lots lie back of these.

Mary Bingham's subdivision of lots six and
seven, of Muskingum Mining Company's sub-
division, south of Adamsville Road, August 19,
1870 ; three lots front road, three front an un-
named cross street and five front John street.

Mineral addition, part of Muskingum Mining
Company's subdivision, north of road and land
adjoining, by A. M. Huston and others, Septem-
ber 23, 1873 ; ninety-two lots fronting various
streets.

Walnut Hill, lying north of Mineral addition
and outside of the city, consisting of seven lots,
was laid out by the same parties, at the same
time.

Richard Dixon's subdivision of lands lying
southwest of Muskingum Mining Company's
lands, December 18, 1865 ; twenty-six lots, irreg-
ular in size and shape.

Lyman Little's subdivision of part of the R. P.
Robinson tract, August 23, 1854 ; fourteen lots
lying west of Mill Run road and fronting the
north side of a street running between the Fifth
and Sixth wards.

Cox's addition, subdivision of tract of about
eight acres, lying east of Reservoir No. 3,
by J. D. Devin, Receiver, January 11, 1876;
twenty-two lots.

Ezra E. Evans's addition, October i, 1873,
thirty three lots fronting the River road, east
side, northeasterly from Power House No. 3.

Lands south of military line, west of Seventh
street and south of South street.

Section one, township sixteen, range fourteen,
was granted by the United States to Mathews,
Whipple and Putnam. A corner of this section
lies northeast of the river, which John Mclntire
claimed, he being the owner of the section ad-
joining. Mclntire's claim was contested for
many years, and it was finally decided by Con-
gress against him. Meanwhile, by a plat which
bears no date, signature or acknowledgement,
he laid out Mclntire's southeast addition, con-
sisting of square twenty, between Third and
Fourth streets, south of South street, eight lots ;
sqiiare twenty-one, between Fourth and Fifth
streets, thirteen lots ; and square twenty-two, be-
tween Fifth street and Sewer alley, nine lots.

After the decision against Mclntire, the title to
that part of his southeast addition lying west of a
line a few feet west of Fifth street, came to
Putnam, Mathews and Whipple, and from them
to John Dillon, Isaac Dillon, William Blocksom,
Henry Northup and James Hampson, who, De-
cember 15, 1820, sub-divided it, making two
squares, but numbering the lots consecutively
from one to twenty inclusive. This left a narrow
strip west of Fifth street, which was the east end
of the lots laid out by Mclntire, and which was
conveyed by the number, as given by him.

h3
>

o
p

r
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HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

105

Another portion of this land, lying between
Water street and the river, was, December 15,
1820, subdivided by John and Isaac Dillon and
James Hampson into eighteen lots, running from
Water street to the river. These lots are now
in the canal and tow-path.

John Dillon, May 13, 1836, subdivided the
east part of square twenty, making four lots
front the west side ofFourth street, and six lots
front Water street.

May 16, 1844, Dillon subdivided the west
part of square twenty-one into five lots fronting
South street, west of Court alley, and two lots
fronting Water street.

April 14, 1845, he laid out a small triangular
lot fronting the west side of Third street, at the
north end of the bridge, and three lots west of
the bridge on the tow-path.

George Reeves, April 1830, subdivided what
was designated as lot nine in the plat made by
Dillon and others in the twenty-first square,
making three lots front Water street and one
front Fifth street, which he numbered twenty-one,
twentj'-two, twenty-thi^ee and twenty-four.

Josiah Copland, January i, 1864, siibdivided
these lots and also lot twenty, but made no ma-
terial change.

Charles C. Goddard, May 28, i860, subdi-
vided lot nine, square twenty-two, into three lots,
but no attention is now paid to this sub-
division.

John Mclntire, March 27, 181 1, added lots
numbers eleven to seventeen, fronting Sixth
street, to the twentj'^-second square.

The executors of Mclntire, June 11, 1817, laid
out eighteen lots and two fractional lots, between
Sixth and Seventh streets, south of South street,
entitled "Mclntire's southeast addition, twenty-
third square."

May 28, 1834, the executors of Mclntire re-
surveyed squares twenty-two and twenty-three,
and added fi^'e lots to square twenty-two, making
twenty-two lots in that square, and added two
large lots, which were not numbered, to square
twenty-three, lying south of Marietta street.

LAND SOUTH OF MARKET STREET AND EAST OF
SEVENTH STREET.

"John Mclntire's northeast addition," in the
twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh squares, April
21, 1815: Nine lots on each side of Market
street, running east from Seventh street, square
twenty-seven, covers part of Harvey's north ad-
dition.

Addition to'square twenty-six, by executors of
Mclntire, May 10, 1817 : Lots number nineteen
to twenty-nine, inclusive, lying east and south of
first tier of lots. Parts of lots nineteen and twen-
ty are now in Underwood street. Lot nineteen
fronts Market street, the others Fountain alley.

Hall's first addition, being subdivision by John
Hall, May 10, 1824, of lots ten, eleven, twelve,
thirteen, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight
and twenty-nine in squaretwenty-six. Four lots
front south side Market street and four front
north side Fountain alley ,with an alley between.

Marple's east addition, David j. Marple.
February 20, 1817 : Eight lots fronting east sidi
Market street and extending from a point a
short distance north of Market street, south
across that street to where the old Wheeling was
formerly. Lot three is covered by Market
street extended, and the plat appears to have
been vacated by common consent.

Daniel Convers east addition ; no date, signa-
ture, or acknowledgement to plat : Eight lots
north of National road, just east of its intersec-
tion with Fountain, and a strip lying between
lots and road, which is now conveyed with the
lots.

John Galigher's addition, March i, 1876, sub-
division of lot one, Convers' east addition, and a
portion of the old Wheeling road : One lot front
National road and four lots front east side Un-
derwood street.

Thompson's addition (which see) extends
south to the National road, adjoining Convers' on
the east and Blocksom's addition on the west.

D. J. Marples subdivision of the Van Home
tract : Four outlots of from four to five and one-
fourth acres each, extending from the old Wheel-
ing road to Eastman street. [No date, signature
or acknowledgement.] Blocksom's addition (q,
V.) covers parts of lots one and four.

John L. Cochran's first addition in outlet,
number two : Eight lots front north side
Market street extended, October i, 1829.

John L. Cochran's second addition in outlot
two : Eight lots numbered from nine to sixteen,
inclusive, south of National road, and point at
intersection of Market street and National road,
April iQ, 1841.

Mt. Pleasant addition, by Messrs. Shinnick,
Mercer, and Hopkins, subdivision of part of Van
Home's outlot two : Nine lots front the north
side of the old Wheeling road, and three large
lots He back on top of the hill, April 3, 1851.

Moore's east addition, Dr. Robert Moore,
January 24, 1828 : Fourteen lots front north side
of Market street extended, running west from a
point east of Hamline avenue, and nine lots lying
south of Market street and north of the National
road. Lot fifteen, being a triangular lot west of
Hamline avenue, is appropriated by the plat for
public uses.

Lyman Litde's addition, March 10, 185 1 ;
part of northwest quarter of section four, town-
ship twelve, range thirteen : Six lots front
National road, five east side and five west side
McOwen street, and six on old Wheeling road.

Fox & Johnston's addition (William Fox and
Alex. Johnston), March 20, 1874, part of section
four : Four lots front National road, lot one be-
ing in the city, the other outside.

Mclntire's east addition, John Mclntire, May
12, 1868 : Beginning at corner of Fountain al-
ley and Seventh street, running east along Foun-
tain alley, National road, and old Wheeling road
to Green lane ; south on Green lane to Marietta
road ; west on Marietta road and Hughes street
to Seventh street ; north on east line of Seventh
street to beginning : Ten inlots front north side

lo6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

of Main street, and ten, south side of Main
street. A strip of ground lies between the north
tier of lots and Fountain alley, which is some-
times conveyed as of the lots, and sometimes by
the metes and bounds. TheJ'Tanyard lot" is
a lot with a narrow front on Seventh street, ex-
tending eastwardly, including the High School
and Graveyard lots, and fronting on the National
road. Lots three and four, of ten acres each,
front Seventh street, running east. Lot five, of
eight and one-half acres, fronts Seventh street,
running east along Marietta street to where the
Marietta road turns south. Lot six, fronts Sev-
enth street, and extends east between Marietta
and Hughes streets to the road joining them. Lot
seven, ten acres, fronts the National and old
Wheeling roads, a small portion lying north of
the latter. Lot eight, ten acres, fronts a lane
running from the old Wheeling to the Marietta
roads. Lot nine, ten acres, fronts the Marietta
road. Lots ten aiid thirteen front the old Wheel-
ing road ; lots twelve and fifteen, the Marietta
road, and lots eleven and fourteen lie between
them.

Dr. John Hamm's subdivision of lots one and
two: Lots one, two, three and four front north
side of Main street, and lots number one, two,
three four and five, front east side of Seventh
street.

Charles C. Gilbert's subdivision of lots nine
and ten, in Green's east addition, and land lying
north, June 15, 1829 : Six lots fronting the west-
erly side of the National road, at the head of
Main street. (Lots one to twelve, in Mclntire's
east addition, are frequently designated as being
ing in Green's east addition, and, sometimes, as
in the twenty-fourth square.)

Thomas Hughes' subdivision of inlots eleven
and twelve, March 29, 1837 : Lots one, two and
three front south side Main street, and lots four,
five and six, east side Seventh street; Eighth
street covers lot fourteen, and Ninth street, lot
nineteen.

Wyllys Silliman's addition, being a subdivision
of part of outlot one, or the "Tanyard lot,"
April 28, 1830 : Ten lots front south side Silli-
man street, and five north side, leaving a large
lot called the "Reserve," lying between Silliman
street and the National road.

C. C. Goddard's subdivision of lots eleven
and twelve, in Silliman's addition, lots one, two
and three, extending from National road to Sil-
liman street, July 24, 1866.

C. F. Achauer's subdivision of lots sex'cn,
eight, nine and ten, in Silliman's addition. May
14, 1873 : Seven lots extending from Silliman
street, south to Main street.

The strip marked "Tanyard lot," extending
from Seventh to Ninth street, and also that lying
east of the old grave yard, is conveyed by metes
and bounds.

David Harvey's south meadow, on Seventh

street, January 30, 1808 : Fourteen lots fronting

east side of Seventh street, oft" the west ends of

■ Mclntire's outlets, numbers three, four and five.

These lots are not now conveyed by numbers,

but by metes and bounds, as is also the property
out of the same outlots fronting Eight and Ninth
streets.

Chancery addition, by John D. Hay, executor
of David Harvey, deceased, Rachel Timberlake,
Henry H. Timberlake, and Elizabeth Johnson^
September 25, 1835: The plat says that it is
pai-t of outlot four and five in the Harvey's addi-
tion ; in fact, Mclntire's outlots four and five.

Lots one to eight, front east side Seventh street ;
nine, ten and eleven, north side Mai-ietta street ;
lot eleven covering lot one, in Harveys's south
meadow, on Marietta street ; lots twelve to twen-
ty-four front west side Eighth street ; twenty-five
to thirty-seven, east side of Eighth street ; thirty-
eight to fifty, west side of Ninth street ; fitty-one
to seventy-seven, south side of Harvey street ;
seventy-two to ninety-two, north side of Harvey
street. Lots seventy-three to ninety-two, and
two outlots, are now included in the grounds
attached to the reservoir.

David Harvey's south meadow, on Ma-
rietta street, February 28, 1810: Eighteen lots
on north side of Marietta street ; lot oiie, is in-
cluded in Chancery addition ; lot two is occupied
as Eighth street ; lot eighteen is included in lots
one and two Drake's addition, (q. v.), part of
Mclntire's outlot five.

George Roe's addition, part of outlot six, and
land south, December 28, 1832 : Lots one to
seven front south side of Marietta street ; lots
eleven, twelve, thirteen and fourteen, front Ninth
street; eight, nine and ten, front Half street ;
fifteen to twenty-six front north side of Hughes
street ; twenty-seven to thirty-nine, south side of
Hughes street.

J. Foster's subdivision of lots twenty-two,
twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty -five and twen-
ty-six, in Roe's addition ; J. W. Foster, Master
Commissioner, November 27, 1839: Four lots
front Seventh street, east side, and three front
Hughes street, north side.

Wm. Galigher's subdivision of lots fifteen and
sixteen. Roe's addition, November 14, 1843 :
Three lots front Ninth street.

Hughes & Spurck's addition, by Thomas
Hughes and George Spurck, July 10, 1838 : Sub-
division of east part of Mclntire's outlot number
six, cast of, and adjoining Roe's addition ; twelve
lots front south side of Marietta street ; four front
a half street running east and west ; four front
Hughes street, north side ; four front Spurck
street, east side, and four, west side; four east,
and four west side of Stillwell street.

Charles Hill's addition, subdivision of part of
Mclntire's -outlot 7, June 7, 1852 : Nine lots
front north side of Main street, extended, and
nineteen south side. Lots 38 to 47, inclu-
sive, front north side, and 57 to 66 front south
side. Summit street. Lots 29 to 37, inclusive,
and 48 to 56, inclusive, that part of Summit
street lying between these lots and the alley
west of them, were vacated June 4, 1866.

Thomas B. Townsend's subdivision of part of
Mclntire's outlot 8, March 17, 1871 : Lots i to
12, inclusive, front south side of Harvey street,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

107

extended, and lots 13 to 30, inclusive, front
north side.

Thomas B. Townsend's second addition, sub-
division of another part of said outlot 8, April 12,
1872 : Lots I to 9 front south side of a thirty-
three-foot street, lots 10 to 14 front south side of
South street, extended, and lots 21 to 25, north
side South street. Lots 17 to 20, front east side
Hill street.

Alexander Harper's addition, being a subdi-
vision of Mclntire's outlot 10, made December

14, 1853, was vacated by Common Pleas Court,
February 24, 1859.

Charles C. Russell's, addition, subdivision of
Mclntire's outlot 10, December 18, 1875 : Thir-
teen lots front south side of old Wheeling road
and Main street, extended, and two large lots
back, fronting McOwen street ; also, a triangu-
lar piece, lying between Main street and the old
Wheeling road, and a strip six feet wide off the
east side of the lot.

Lot II has never been subdivided.

Richard Adams' first addition, subdivision of
parts of outlots 9 and 1 2 : Twelve lots north and
twelve south, of Marietta street, now covered by
Raddin's addition.

Hughes & Spurck's second addition, subdivi-
sion part of outlot 9, and is platted as an exten-
sion of Harvey's south meadow, on Marietta
street, the lots being numbered from 18 to 33,
inclusive, and leaves a strip, forty-nine and one-
half feet wide, north of the lots. November 2,
1838.

Thomas M. Drake's addition, being subdivi-
sion of lot 18, in Harvey's south meadow, and
of Hughes & Spurck's second addition ; hence,
part of Mclntire's outlots 5 and 9 ; June 8, 1854 ■
Twenty lots front north side Marietta sti-eet, and
eighteen front a half street, north, running east
and west.

Richard Adams' second addition, part of out-
lots 5 and 9, September 2, 1841 : Six lots, lying
east of a street running from Marietta street to
Marietta road, now covered by Raddin's addition.

Richard Adams' southeast addition, part of
outlot 9, June 14, 1846 : Now covered by Rad-
din's addition.

Raddin's addition; by Daniel Brush, execu-
tor of Benjamin Raddin, deceased ; June 8, 1854 ;
covering Adams' first, second, and southeast
addition, and other parts of outlots 5, 9, and 12 :
Square one: Lots i, 2, and 3, front west side,
and lots 12, 13, and 14, east side, of Mclntire's
lane ; lots 4 to 11, north side Marietta street, ex-
tended. Square two : Lots i to 17, front south
side Marietta street. Squa're three : Lots" i to 7
front street running from Marietta street to Ma-
rietta road ; lots 8 to 11, north side Marietta
road ; lots 12, 13, and 14, a cross street, and lots

15, 16, and 17, occupied by "Stemler" school.
building, front south side Marietta street.

Howson & Crotzer's addition ; by Bernard
Howson and Jacob Crotzer, May 26, 1868 : Part
of Mclntire's outlots 9 and 12. Lots i to 22 run
from Marietta road, north, to Lippitt street, and
lots 23 to 42 front north side of Lippitt street.

John S. Parkinson's addition, March 18, 1837 =
Part of outlot 12. Thirteen lots, running from
Marietta road, north, to Lippitt street.

Arnold Lippitt's addition, July 23, 1844: Part
of outlot 12. Twelve lots front north side Lip-
pitt street, and lots 13 to 17 front north side
Moore street ; also, a triangular strip, lying be-
tween this and Parkinson's addition.

Margery Fell's addition. May 9, 1876: Part
of outlot 13. Lots I to 6 front south side old
Wheeling road, and 7 to 12 front street running
east and west. Outlots 14 and 15 have been
platted, but no lots have been sold by the propri-
etors, and the plats have never been recorded.

Ballentine & Clark's addition ; part of section
five, township twelve, range thirteen, immedi-
ately south of, and adjoining, Roe's addition,
and north of Slago run ; by John Ballentine and
Adam Clark, August 15, 1841 : Lots i to 5 front
River road ; 6 and 7 front a back street, which
runs north and south ; 8 to 1 1 front a street run-
ning east and west; 12, 13, and 14, front the
south side of Hughes street.

W. H. Ball's subdivision of an eight-acre
tract, in section six, township twelve, range thir-
teen, December 12, 1859: Nine lots, fronting
the south side of the Marietta road, a short dis-
tance east of its junction with Marietta street.

W. H. Ball's subdivision of the residue of an
eight-acre tract. May 10, i860, consists of four
large lots, immediately south of the foregoing.

John Dillon's subdivision of part of the east
fraction of section six, township twelve, range
thirteen, April 23, 1844: Fourteen lots, varying
in size from 65-100 to 6 60-100 acres, fronting
River road, and running east.

J. C. Howard's outlots, part of section 6. No
date : Nine lots fronting, and east of, River
road, south of Dillon's subdivision, in size i
50-100 to II 50-100 aci'es.

Christopher Coyle's subdivision of parts of Dil-
lon's and Howard's subdivision, February 13,
1876 : Seven lots, irregular in size and shape.

James McGuire's subdivision of parts of sec-
tions 5 and 7, township I2,range i3,made by order
of the Court of Common Pleas, April 6 and 7,
1840: Lots I to 10 front, south side of Chand-
lersville road ; 11, 12 and 13 north side; 14, 15
and 16 south side Mai'ietta road; 17, 18 and 19
west side of road running south from Chandlers-
ville road, and large lot unnumbered lying be-
tween the two roads.

Best's subdivision of parts of sections four and
five, township twelve, range thirteen, by the
executors of Valentine Best, deceased, July 22,
181 7 : Lots I, 2, 3 and 4 front the north side of
the Marietta I'oad, 5 fronts east side Green Lane,
6 and 7 front south side old Wheeling road.
Lots 2, 3 and 4 have been cut up into small lots,
which are sold by metes and bounds, no plat
having been made of them.

Ninth ward, and that part of the Seventh ward
lying south of Zane's Gi'ant line, being part of
the west fractions of sections five and six in
township twelve, and range thirteen, and part of

io8

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

sections one and twelve in township sixteen of
range fourteen.

The town of Springfield w^as laid out July 27,
1801, by Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and
Levi Whipple : Lots i to 7 front south side
Muskingum avenue, Seventh ward, beginning
at Luck avenue, and east to Pine street ; 8 and
9 front east side Pine street ; 10 to 17 front south
side Putnam Hi)l Commons ; 18 and 19 front
west side Woodlawn avenue, at its intersection
with Muskingum avenue ; 20 to 147 lie between
Woodlawn and Muskingum avenues and Pierce
street. The land lying between Muskingum
avenue and low water mark of the river is some-
times conveyed by metes and bounds, and some-
times as river bank lot lying opposite lot No. — ,
in Putnam. Outlots are of about five acres each ;
I to 14 front west side River street ; 15 to 45 lie
between Pine street, Seventh ward and Wood-
land avenue, Ninth ward. A tract of eleven and
one-half acres is by the plot dedicated for public
buildings and the use of religious societies, the
part not so used to remain as a "Perpetual Com-
mons." It is now known as Putnam Hill Park.
The land lying between the park and the river
was reserved for mill purposes.

Edwin Putnam's addition, March 6, 181 7 :
Lots A, B, C, D and E front south side Mus-
kingum avenue, just west of its intersection by
Woodlawn avenue ; lots F, G and H lie back of
these, and are partly occupied by the C. & M.
V. Railroad Companjr.

"Safford's addition to Putnam," subdivision of
inlot 7 and outlet i, in Putnam, by the heirs of
Patience V. H. Saffbrd, May 24, 1869: Lots i
to 6 front west side Pine street ; 7 north side
Vine street ; 8 south side Muskingum avenue ; 9
to 23 south side Vine street ; 24 to 28 east side
Luck avenue ; 29 to 33 west side of a cross
street, west of school building ; 34 to 43 are oc-
cupied for school purposes ; 44 to 48 front west
side Pine street.

"Alexander S. Sullivan's addition to Put-
nam," subdivision of outlot 2 in Putnam, May 9,
1867 : Lots I to 8 front Luck avenue, east side ;
9 to 16 west side, and 17 to 24 east side of a
cross street ; 25 to 32 west side of another cross
street ; 23 to 40 west side Pine street.

There was a subdivision made many years ago
of part of outlot 15, into 8 lots, but no plat of the
subdivision was ever made, and no name given
to it, although the lots are sometimes conveyed
by number.

Cliflfwood, subdivision of house lots 12, 13, 14,
15, 16 and 17, and outlots 17 and 20, in Putnam,
and of land lying between lot 17 and the rail-
road, by Eli B. Beckwith and George W. How-
ard, August 12, 1867 : Sixty-four lots of irreg-
ular size and shape, bounded north by "Putnam
Hill Park," east by the C. & M. V. Railroad
Company's land, south by Putnam street, west
by Pine street and outlot 15.

Central sub-division in Cliffwood, by John R.
Stonesipher, April 20, 1874 ! subdivision of lots
47 and 48 into 6 lots fronting Cliffwood avenue and
Mound street.

James Buckingham and Charles W. Potwin's
addition to Putnam, subdivision of outlots 26 and
32, and part of oudots 22, 27, 28, 33 and 38,
March 5, 1869: Lots i to 7 front east side of
Whipple street ; 8 to 19 east side of Summit street ;
20 to 26 west side Summit street ; 27 to 36 east
side Whipple street ; 38 to 52 west side Whipple
street, and 53 to 67 east side Mathews street.

Luke Walpole's addition to Putnam, sub-
di\ision of part of outlot 28, November 24, 1821.
Six lots fronting west side Woodlawn avenue,
opposite Madison street.

James and Catharine Emery's addition to Put-
nam, being subdivision of outlot 37, October 4,
1833. Lots I, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17 and 20
front west side Whipple street, and 2, 3, 6, 7, 10,
II, 14, 15, 18 and 19 east side Mathews street.

James I. Cherry's subdivision of the west half
ofoudotNo. 40, September 22, 1853. Lots i,
2, 3 front Cooper Mill road, north side ; 4 to 8
front east side Pine street.

Millwood, by the heirs of Ira Belknap,- De-
cember 19, 1803, being part of section one in
township sixteen of range fourteen. Lots i to 8
front the south side of the Old Lancaster Road,
now Ridge avenue ; 9 to 20 east side, and 21 to
30 west side, of. Grant street ; 31 to 39 east side,
and 40 to 46 west side, of Meade street.

Samuel G. McBride's addition to Millwood,
March 9, 1870; part of the same section, lying
southwest of Millwood, and a little distance south
of Ridge avenue. Lots i to 9 front the east side,
and 10 to 18 the west side, of McBride street.

Chapman's addition, being subdivision by
Samuel Chapman, executor of Levi Chapman,
deceased, of a part of section one, lying between
the south line of Zane's Grant and Ridge avenue ;
made Januaiy 13, 1873. Lots i to 20 front the
north side of Ridge avenue; 21 is a triangular
lot, fronting three alleys : 22 to 29 front the west
side, and 30 to 40 the east side of Meade street ;
41 to 50 the west side, and 51 to 58 the east side
of Belknap street, or Grant street extended ; 59
to 64 the west side, and 65 to 68 the east side of
Chapman street.

FarnulTi's and others" addition to Putnam ;
Ephraim Farnum, Gilkey Morton and John
Irvin, Mux 4, 1S40. Lots i, 2 and 3 front west
side Putnam avenue, south of Pierce street.

Henry Jones' addition to Putnam ; subdivision
of land immediatel}- south of the oi-iginal town,
September 15, iSt>b. Lots i to 4 front west side,
and 5 to S east side Moxahala avenue ; 9 to 1 2
the west side, and 13 to 16 the east side Mus-
kingum avenue.

Georgetown ; by Samuel Atkinson, April 17,
1872 ; subdivision of a tract of land south of Put-
nam. Lots I to 10 front east side of Putnam
avenue, and 11 to 20 west side Moxahala avenue ;
21, 22, 24 and 25 front west side Putnam a\'enue,
and 23 east side Maysville Turnpike.

Lands lying outside of, but adjoining, the city.

The first five squares in Taylor's addition, be-
ing part of the west fraction of quarter township
three, in township one, of range seven, east of
the Dresden road and north of Adair avenue.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

109

Square one, lots i to 5 front east side Dresden
road ; 6 to 12 north side Adair avenue ; 13 to 19
south side Thurman street. Square two, lots 1 to

5 east side Dresden road ; 6 to 11 north side
Thurman street ; 12 to 17 south side O'Neill street.
Square three, lots i to 5 east side Dresden road ;

6 to II south side O'Neill street; 12 to 17 south
side Sheridan street. Squares four and five were
changed July 14, 1879, ^J the proprietor, so that
the lots front as follows : Square four, lots i to
4 front east side Dresden road ; 5 to 10 front
north side Sheridan street; 11 to 14 south side
Ruth street. Square five, lots i to 4 front
Dresden road east side ; 5 to 8 north side Ruth
street; 9 and 10 east of McMechan street: 11
north side Pear street; 12 to 15 front on an
alley, the line running with lots in Taylor's sec-
ond addition to Van Home avenue. Laid out
by John Boggs and Alfred Ball, Executors of
Jane T. Boggs, deceased, December 9, 1873.

Taylor's second addition of inlots and outlots,
by^ohn Boggs and Alfred Ball, executor of Jane
T. Boggs, deceased, June 8, 1877. Square one,
lots I to 8 front west side Bluft" street ; 9 to 11
south side O'Neill street ; 12 to 14 north side,
and 15 and 16 south side Thurman street, and
17 north side Adair avenue. Square two, lots i
to 4 west side Bluff street ; 5 to 9 north side
O'Neill street ; 10 to 15 south side Sheridan
street. Square three, lots i, 2 and 15 to 17, west
side Bluff street ; 3 to 9 north side Sheridan
street ; 10 and 12 to 14 north side Oak street ; 11
south side Pearl street ; 18 to 28 south side Van
Home avenue ; 20 east side Dresden road.
Square four, i to 6 west side River street ; 7 to
12 east side Bluff street. Square five, i to 8
west side River street ; 9 to 16 east side Bluff
street. Square six, i tog west side River street ;
10 to IS east side Bluff street. Outlots i to 5, of
3.48 to 4.81 acres, front east side River road.
Outlots 6 to 14, of from 5.53 to 7.45 acres each,
run from Hill street to the Muskingum river.
Both of these additions are subdivisions of a
tract of land formerly owned by Captain James
Taylor, lying immediately north of the Zane
Grant.

Woodside, by Paul H. Kaemmerer, February
24, 1876 ; subdivision of part of the fourth quarter
of township one, in range eight, of United States
military land, lying a short distance north of
Zane's grant. Lots i to 12 front north side
Locust avenue ; 13 to 25 south side Walnut
street ; 26, 29,30, 48, 49, 63, 64 and 72 west side
Orchard street; 27, 28, 31, 49, 50, 62, 65 and 73
east side Kaemmerer avenue ; 32, 51, 61, 66, 69,
70, 74 west side Kaemmerer avenue ; 33 to 39
north side Walnut street ; 41 to 46 south side
Wood street ; 40, 57, 58, 77 and 78 east side
Adams street ; 5, 2, 60, 67, 71 and 75 east side
Limestone street ; 53 to 56 north side Wood
street ; 59 and 76 west side Limestone street ; 79
south side Locust avenue.

Pursuant to a law passed May 7, 1878, (O. L.
75-134), the administrators of John Mclntire be-
ing then the owners, July 2, 1878, applied to the
Cornmissioners of the county for the annexation

of lots 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 45 and 46, and the

alley between them, to the city of Zanesville ;

they all lying in one tract of about eight acres,

and all within one half mile of the city. The

petition was granted.

* * * * *

I hereby certify that the foregoing abstract
was carefully compiled from official records and
documents, and that it is correct, and for the
History of Muskingum County, by J. F. Ever-
hart & Co. Wm. H. Cunningham,

Attorney at law.

This is the original draft by Mr. Cunningham.

J. F. EVBRHART.

CHAPTER VI.

UNITED STATES MAILS,
IN ZANESTOWN, IN 1 794, AND ZANESVILLE
1881.

General Postoffice, )

Philadelphia, Pa., May 24, 1794. )

Dear Sir : It is proposed to attempt the car-
riage of a mail from Pittsburgh to Wheeling, by
land, and thence by water to Limestone : from
Limestone by a new road on the southern side
of the Ohio to the mouth of Licking, opposite to
Fort Washington, where it will crossover. From
Limestone, the mail will be carried through the
State of Kentucky. The Post road through the
wilderness, in this case, is to be discontinued. I
have given directions to have three boats con-
structed for the purpose, to be formed in the best
manner for ease and expedition in pushing up
stream, to be managed by five hands each. I
hope they will be running sometime in June.
Marietta will be a station for the boats to stop at
as they pass, and doubtless it will be convenient
to have a Postoffice there. Herewith I send a
packet, addressed to you, to be put into the hands
of the person you judge most suitable for Post-
master. He will see the forms in which the busi-
ness is to be transacted, with which he should
make himself acquainted. The law now sent
will expire in a few days ; it is substantially the
same as the new law as to the regulations. The
latter will be forwarded when prepared. The per-
son you designate for Postmaster should be care-
ful and trusty, and there will be an advantage in
one where residence will be near the landing
place for mail boats. The advantages of a regu-
lar mail will be so great to your settlement, I am
sure you will omit nothing to secure them.

I am with respect and esteem, dear sir, your
most obedient servant,

Timothy Pickering.

P. S. — I suppose a postoffice may be eligible
at Gallipolis, for which reason I send you a sec-
ond packet addressed to you, to be disposed 01
as you think best. You will be so good as to
favor me with an answer as soon as possible.

General Rufus Putnam, Marietta.

Marietta, June 9, 1794.
Dear Sir: Your favor of the 24th ult., with

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

the packets referred to, has come to hand. I have
engaged Mr. Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., to un-
dertake the business ot Postmaster at this place, he
is a gentleman of probity, is Attorney for the
United States in this county, and keeps his office
within a few yards of where the boats will natur-
ally land, both on account of convenience and
security. With respect to Gallipolis, I am not
so well acquainted there as to fix on any one with-
out some further information, which I expect to
obtain in a few days.

I am your most obedient servant and friend,

RuFus Putnam.

This Contract, made the twenty-seventh day
of October, in the year one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-eight, between Daniel Con-
vers, of the one part, and the Postmaster Gen-
eral of the United States of America, of the
other part, witnesseth : That the said parties
have mutually convenanted as follows, that
is to say : The said Daniel Convers coven-
ants with the said Postmaster General :

1. To carry the mail of the United States, or
cause it to be carried, from Marietta, in the north-
west Territory, to Zanetown, on the Muskingum
river, and from Zanetown to Marietta, once a
week, at the rate of ninety dollars for every quar-
ter of a year during the continuance of this con-
tract.

2. That the rhail shall be delivered at said
postoffice, in the said route, at the times specified
in the schedule hereto annexed, on penalty of
one dollar for each hour which shall elapse be-
tween any time so fixed and the time of the mail's
actual arrival, to be deducted from the pay of
said Daniel, unless he shall make it appear to the
satisfaction of the said Postmaster General, that
the delay was unavoidable.

[Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, refer to various details.]

8. That the said Daniel will enter into bond,
with two sufficient sureties, in the sum of one
thousand dollars, etc.

9. That upon reasonable complaints against
any carrier of the said mail, for negligence or
misbehavior, such carrier shall be forthwith dis-
charged. That when the mail goes by a stage
wagon, it shall be invariably carried within the
body of it ; and when it stops at night, it shall be
put in a secure place, and there locked-up.

And the said Postmaster General covenants
with the said Daniel to provide portmanteaus and
bags necessary, etc., etc., and to pay the said
Daniel for the carriage thereof as aforesaid, at
the rate afore mentioned, quarterly, in the months
of April, July, October and January, the penal-
ties for failure (if any) being first deducted.

And it is mutually covenanted and agreed by
the said parties, that this contract shall commence
on the first day of November next, and continue
in force until the thirtieth day of September, in-
clusive, in the year one thousand and eight hun-
dred.

In Witness Whereof, They have hereto inter-
changeably set their hands and seals, the day
and 3'ear first above written.

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence oi
Samuel Elbert and D. Loring.

Joseph Habersham,
Daniel Convers. Postmaster General.

Postoffice Department, \

Office of the First P. M. General, >
Washington, D. C, Feb. 2, 1880. )
W. S Harlan, Postmaster , Zanesville, O. :

Sir: — Your communication of January 29,
1880, in which you ask for the date of the
appointment of all the Postmasters who have
served at the Zanesville Postoffice, Ohio, has
been received at this Department. Please find
the following in answer to your inquiry, as found
recorded on the books of this Department. ^ Re-
spectfully, James H. Marr,

For 1st Assistant Postmaster General.

zanesville.

William McCulloch, appointed Postmaster,
January i, 1801.

David Harvey, appointed Postmaster, July i,
1802.

C. Spangler, appointed Postmaster, April i,
1804.

Abel Lewis, appointed Postmaster, April i,
1805.

Jeffrey Price, appointed Postmaster, January
I, 1806.

William Pelham, appointed Postmaster, July
I, 1818.

S. Sullivan, appointed Postmaster, Octoberi3,
1825. -

Samuel J. Cox, appointed Postmaster, July 24,
1828.

William Blocksom, appointed Postmaster,
May 6, 1834.

A. R. Cassidy, appointed Postmaster, April i,
1840.

Israel Hoge, appointed Postmaster, February
3, 1841.

BECAME PRESIDENT APPOINTIVE.

Isaac Dillon, appointed Postmaster,May 2,1849.
John B. Roberts, appointed Postmaster, April
29, 1853.

P. Bateman, appointed Postmaster, March 28,
1861.

W. C. Moorehead, appointed Postmaster, Jan-
uary 9, 1863.

*J. J. Douglas, appointed Postmaster, Novem-
ber 9, 1866.

W. C. Moorehead, appointed Postmaster, No-
vember 17, 1866.

J. J. Douglas, appointed Postmaster, March
28, 1867.

Col. J. J. Douglas, appointed Postmaster,
March 30, 187 1.

William S. Harlan, appointed Postmaster,
March 3, 1879.

Moved to present location, August 26, 1872, in
Maginnis' Block, southwest corner of Fountain
alley and Fifth street.

*His appointment was withdrawn by the President, An-
drew Johnson, and the name of William Moorehead sent in
and confirmed. Harlan.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Ill

y. F. Ever hart, A.M., Historian:

Sir — Your communication of the 3d inst., in
which you ask for the date of the establishment
of the Postoffices of Putnam and West Zanesville,
and the names of the different Postmasters who
have served at each office to present date, has
been received at this Department. By reference
to the books of this office, the following is found,
which please find in answer to the inquiry
above. Respectfully,

James H. Marr.
For First Assistant Postmaster General.

Muskingum — Established June 27, 1838 : John
W. P. Lane, Postmaster. Discontinued Febru-
ary 16, 1843.

West Zanesville — Established January 14,
1852 ; Joseph S. Parke, Postmaster.

March 7, '54, W. Wimmer, Postmaster.

January 29, '57, James Miller, Postmaster.

September 23, '61, W. W. Wimmer, Post-
master.

October, 20, ''66, D. Dugan, Postmaster.

March 19, '69, L. M. Reamy, Postmaster.

November 4, '72, A. C. Brown, Postmaster.

Putnam — Established January 30, 1817, Hen-
ry Saiford, Postmaster.

June 19, '29, John Herron, Postmaster.

November, 24, '31, D. M. Sellers, Postmaster.

March 26, '33, Samuel Glass, Postmaster.

March 25, '43, Jas. T. Cherry, Postmaster.

July 25, '46, Jeremiah Elder, Postmaster.

February 8, '49, John Goshen, Postmaster.

May 29,' '49, Wm. H. Moore,* Postmaster.

April 26, '53, John Goshen, Postmaster.

August 8, '53, Jeremiah Elder, Postmaster.

March 31, '60, W. Stonesipher, Postmaster.

May 4, '61, Jas. Finlayson, Postmaster.

September 23, '63, Francis R. Potts, Post-
master.

August 30, '66, Daniel Dugan, Postmaster.

October 20, '66, John Dixon, Postmaster.

November 27, '66, Francis R. Potts, Post-
master.

July 8, '72, Samuel Large, Postmaster.

July 27, '75, Eliza A. Large, Postmistress.

March 5, '79, Chas. Parsons, Postmaster.

A Postoffice notice, taken from the Zanesville
"Express," August 14, 1817, is as follows:

The Mails. — The eastern and western mails
are now carried through this State in stage
coaches. The eastern mail arrives on Tuesdays,
Thursdays and Saturdays, at 11 o'clock a. m.
The western mail arrives on Mondays, Wednes-
days and Fridays, at i o'clock p. m. Thus far
they have performed well, and there can be no
doubt of the practicability of carrying the mails
in this manner, especially . if the people on the
route will exert themselves to improve the
roads.

The Money Order Department : [Page 188,
Sec. 958]. Design of Congress in establishing
money order system. The following is the con-
struction given by the late Attorney General
(Williams) to the Statute creating the money
order system.

Congress designed to give money orders in
some respects, the character of ordinary negoti-
able instruments, to the end that they might be
received with full credit, and their usefulness, in
a business point of view, be promoted.

The Statute does not contemplate that the re-
mitter of the money order shall be at liberty to
revoke it and demand back his money against
the will of the payee after it comes into the pos-
session of the latter ; to enable the former to ob-
tain a payment of funds deposited, he must
produce the money order.

The payee of the money order, upon comply-
ing with the requirements of the law and the reg-
ulations of the Postoffice, is entitled to payment
of the money on demand, and the remitter of the
money order cannot, previous to its being paid,
by any notice that he may give to the Postoffice
at which it is payable, forbid the payment there-
of to the payee. — [Postal Laws and Regula-
tions].

"Postoffice Department, \

Money Order Office, >

Washington, Oct. 21, 1864. )

Sir — I have this day sent you by mail, a
package containing two books of money order
and advice forms, numbered i to 500, also blanks,
for special advices. Please acknowledge the
receipt of the same. The amount of money or-
der funds which you will be allowed to retain in
your hands as a reserve (see section 49 of the in-
structions), has been fixed at $300. This sum,
you will, immediately upon commencing the
money order business, transfer from the "Post-
age" to the "Money Order" account, and enter
in your cash book, as directed in sections 37 and
38 of the instructions, and also in your first
weekly statement.

The first of November has been fixed as the date
on which the money order system is to be put into
operation — simultaneously at all designated of-
fices, and you are required'to be in readiness to
commence this business at that time.

It is earnestlv requested, with a view to expe-
dite business, "that the letters "M. O. B.,"
should be legibly written on every envelope sent
from your • office containing money order ad-
vices. Respectfully,

; C. F. McDonald,

Superintendent.
W. C. Moorehead, Esq.

Postmaster, Zanesville, Ohio.

With this addition to the labor and responsi-
bility of the Postmaster at Zanesville, came the
requirement of surety for the faithful performance
of the duties and trust. [Vide, page 199, sec-
tion 964]. New bonds required at the Postoffices
made money order offices.

Postmasters whose Postoffices are designated
as Money Order Postoffices are required, before
commencing the money order business, to give
a new bond to the Government, with at least two
sureties, which is conditioned for the faithful
performance of the duties and obligations im-

112

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

posed upon them by the laws relating to postal,
as well as to the money order business.

The money order system was inaugurated in
the Zanesville Postoffice, November i, 1864.
The following comparative statement of the
business of the first year, and for 1880, taken
from the books kept by the officer in charge, ex-
hibits the growth and importance of this branch
of the postal service :

1864.

Amount of orders issued $ 5,357 4H

Fees received therefor .55 00

Orders paid 5,562 50

Aggregate $ 10,974 96

Number of orders issued 416

Average amount per order $ 12 87

Average amount per month 446 45

Average amount per month paid 463 54

1880.

Amount of orders issued $ 66,378 52

Fees received therefor 750 30

Orders paid 72,175 99

Aggregate $139,304 81

Number of orders issued 6,610

Average amount for order $' 10 84

Average amount for month .. 5,531 54

Average amount per month paid 6,114 66

A statement is rendered to the Department
every week.

When orders are presented for payment in ex-
cess of amount of cash on hand, the Postmaster
is authorized to make a draft on the Postmaster
at New York city, where a fund is kept to his
credit by orders of the Postmaster General ; and
when this" fund (of $2,000), is nearly exhausted,
the local Postmaster asks the Postmaster Gener-
al for a new credit to be placed with the Post-
master at New York city ; and under no circum-
stances is the Postmaster permitted to use
general postal funds for money order purposes
and vice versa.

Provision has been made to keep the Govern-
ment funds in constant use, so that no large
balance is idle. A "reserve" of $250 is allowed
the Zanesville Postmaster, as the money order
business fluctuates. If the amount of cash on
hand exceeds the amount of unpaid orders
drawn on his office for the two weeks last past,
he remits the excess to the Postmaster at Cincin-
nati, Ohio, when a certificate of deposit' is issued
in duplicate by the Postmaster at Cincinnati.
The original is sent to the Department at Wash-
ington, and the duplicate is sent to this office,
where it is retained.

The receipts of the Zanesville postoffice —
"postal account proper" — including the sale of
waste paper, stamps, cards, and envelopes, for
the year 1880, amounted to $21,272.96; the ex-
penditures, including salaries, $6,556.50. The
net income amounted to $14,716.46.

Depository. — Paragraph second, section sev-
enty-six, page 52, Postal Laws and Regulations,
defines : Depositing postoffices, such as are di-
rected to deposit, at some designated point, their
surplus funds, quarterly, or oftener.

Paragraph third — Depository and draft offices :
Those which are directed to retain their own
funds, the surplus funds of depositing postoffices,
and funds received by collection, drafts on hand,
to meet drafts drawn by the Third Assistant
Postmaster General and countersigned by the
Auditor.

This was a slow, and complicated, system ;
accordingly, August 3, 1880, the following order
was issued, amendatory to the Regulations :

"Postoffice Department, )

"Washington, D. C. ^
[Order No. 33.]

"To secure uniformity of postal revenues, and
to enable the Auditor of the Treasury of this
Department to promptly settle the accounts of
postmasters and contractors, as well as to keep
intelligent control of the several annual appro-
priations, covering the transportation of the
mails, a task which, he states, is now practically
impossible ; it is —

"Ordered, That the system of collecting quar-
terly balances in the hands of postmasters, by
what are known as collection orders, be discon-
tinued, and the depository system, described in
section seveoty-six, of Postal Regulations, be
substituted. All postmasters, therefore, at what
are now known as collection offices, will, here-
after, unless specially instructed otherwise, de-
posit their surplus postal funds with such depos-
itories, and in such manner as may be directed
by the Third Assistant Postmaster General, who
will see that this order is carried into effect at
once."

In c'ompliance with the foregoing order, the
Postoffices in the lollowing counties deposit at the
Zanesville Postoffice, viz. : Belmont, Coshocton,
Guernsey, Monroe, Morgan, Muskingum, No-
ble, Perry, and Washington. The number of
Postoffices thus depositing is 337. The average
amount deposited here, is, in round numbers,
$11,000 per quarter, or $44,000 per year. Each
depositor receives an original, and duplicate,
certificate of deposit. The original is transmit-
ted to the Department, and the duplicate is re-
tained by the depositor. Under no circum-
stances is money sent to the Department. Con-
tractors and Postmasters are paid by means of
drafts drawn on the Depositary , by the Third As-
sistant Postmaster General, and verified by the
Auditor of the Treasury.

FREE DELIVERY.

The amount of revenue required under section
307, page 94, being "not less than twenty thous-
and dollars," was not reached until the early
part of 1880. June 30th, of that year, the rev-
enue of the Postoffice of this city exceeded that
sum $2,000, whereupon, application having been
made, asking for free delivery at Zanesville, the
following order was issued :

"Postoffice Department, )
"Washington, D. C, August 10, 1880. \
"Ordered : Discontinuance of the Postoffice at
West Zanesville and Putnam, in the city of

Interior of the BOSTON ONE PRICE DRY GOODS AND CLOTHING STORES of

Sturtevant & Martin, Zanesville, Ohio.

The foregoing carefully prepared engraving af-
fords unmistakable and gratifying evidence of
what may be — and has been — accomplished by
shrewd business capacity, enterprise and indom-
itable perseverance. Some four years ago, Mr. H.
Sturtevant and Mr. John Martin associated in the
retail dry goods business in Zanesville, where they
soon won a prosperous business. Nor was their
happy conception of introducing the famous
"Boston One Price Cash System" of trading by
any means a less favorable introduction for them.
Equal to any emergency, the then new firm
strikingly demonstrated, by timely improvements,
extension of premises, and other features of enter-
prise, that none were better mated (commercially)
to keep fully apace with even the most approving
smiles of Dame Fortune. From the humble com-
plement of some half a dozen assistants at the out-
set, to handle a trade of about $50,000 the first
year, that force is now quadrupled, and a business
done of at least S150,000 annually.

Down to the present spring they have held a
position on the corner of Fourth and Main streets,
in the City Hall buildings, but having exhausted
every available foot of space therein, they have
now also secured the extensive double stores on
the corner of Third and Main streets, in the
Star block, being one hun<]red and twenty-eight
feet long by fifty feet wide, and sixteen feet high,
with equal basement facilities. Here, as will be
seen, the departments are classified — the conven-
iences for patrons are replete, and system is
supreme, even to the adoption of Lampson's in-
genious cash system, and other equally commend-
able acquisitions.

Of this mammoth and replete dry goods estab-
lishment this engraving is a faithful representa-
tion, and a striking compliment to the trade of
the county as found to-day.

In addition to their flourishing dry goods busi-
ness, something over twelve months ago they
opened, as a branch, a first class clothing store,
for the finest grades of ready-made clothing and
gent's furnishing goods, submitting a stock of
unsurpassed excellence, quantum and attractive-
ness, which soon gained equal prestige in public
estimation with their familiar dry goods house.
This branch of their business is conducted dis-
tinct, and has been transferred to their old dry
goods stand, giving them a floorage of sixty by
forty feet, and presenting a commodious, light
and prominent clothing house, without a
compeer out side of the largest metropolitan
centers.

In view of the foregoing, it is therefore safe to
say, that notwithstanding the popular remark
that "Zanesville is one of Ohio's old steady-going
towns," there are those within her borders at least
capable of making business interesting to patrons
and decidedly lucrative to themselves.

Messrs. Sturtevant & Martin, by their integrity,
efficiency, zeal, and urbanity, have made their
mark in the commercial arena, while their fru-
gality and judicious enterprise has justly earned
a leading distinction and worthy patronage for
the "Boston One-Price Stores" that it is to be
hoped will long perpetuate their fair name and
fame.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Zanesville, Ohio, and established, the Free De-
livery System, at Zanesville Postoffice, with two
regular carriers, at $850 per annum, each, and
two auxiliary carriers, at $400 per annum, each ;
allowed, the postmaster $200 per annum, each,
for the hire of two horses, to be used by the aux-
iliary carriers.. This order to take effect on the
1st day of October, 1880.

[Signed.] D. M. Key.

"Postmaster General."

The number of letter-carriers was found inad-
equate, and so represented to the Department,
and thereupon the following letter was indited :
J 'Postoffice Department,
"Washington, D. C, August 14, 1880.
" W. S. Harlan, Postmaster, Zanesville, Ohio:
"Sir: — -You are hereby authorized to nomi-
nate to this office, for appointment, thi-ee, fuff,
letter-carriers, at $850 each, per annum, instead
of two ; also, two auxiliaries, as heretofore au-
thorized. The authority to hire two horses, at
an expense of $200 each, is hereby revoked.
Very respectfully,

"James H. Marr,
"For First Assistant Postmaster General."
The free delivery was inaugurated October i ,
1880.

Tlie number of pieces of mail matter delivered by the

carriers, during the iirst three months, was 186,132

The number of pieces collected from street boxes 80,653

The total number of pieces handltd 266,785

The postal business is enormously enlarged by
the exchange correspondence with foreign coun-
tries.

Page 231, section 1102, of the Laws and Reg-
ulations quoted, is as follows : The Convention
of Paris, Universal Postal Union, concluded be-
tween Germany, the Argentine Republic, Aus-
tria, Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, and
the Danish Colonies, Egypt, Spain, and the
Spanish Colonies, the United States of North
America, France and the French Colonies,
Great Britain, and certain British Colonies,
British India, Canada, Greece, Italy and Japan,
Luxembourg, Mexico, Montenegro, Norway, the
Netherlands and the Netherland Colonies, Peru,
Persia, Portugal and the Portuguese Colonies,
Roumania, Russia, Servia, Salvator, Switzer-
land, Turkey.

The plenipotentiaries of the governments of the
countries above enumerated, being assembled in
Congress at Paris, by virtue of Article XVIII of
the Treaty constituting the General Postal Union,
concluded at Berne, on the 9th of October, 1874,
have, by mutual agreement, and subject to rati-
fication, revised the said Treaty, conformably to
the following stipulation :

Article I. The countries between which the
present convention is concluded, as well as
those which may join it hereafter, form, under
the title of "Universal Postal Union," a single
postal territory, for the reciprocal exchange of
correspondence between their Postoffices.

Thq International Bureau of the Universal

Postal Union has made many regulations, in or-
der to secure the object desired, and thereby
greatly increased the labors of every post official
in the countries embraced in the arrangement.
Thus, when it is realized that our postal system
is extended over such vast territories — its expen-
ditures will dwindle into insignificance — while
the labors performed by the employes are in-
creased beyond any other class receiving the
same compensation. * * * * *^

We, the undersigned, having carefully exam-
ined the foregoing recital of postal affairs, here-
by certify that they are correct.

W. S. Harlan, Postmaster.
Gus A. Wynakin, Assistant Postmaster.

Robert F. Smart succeeded Gus A. Wynakin,
as Assistant Postmaster, August 9, 1881.

CHAPTER VII.

BOATS AND BOATING.

Boating, for pleasure or profit, has always
been a very enjoyable mode of travel. In "ye •
olden time" it was often enlivened by romantic
adventure. It has attractions to many who
would dream life away, that no other mode of
transit offers. Our beloved poet, Longfellow,
has graciously told us of the materials and mode
of boat building by the aborigines. Hiawatha
exclaims :

"Give me of your bark, O birch tree!
Of your yellow bark, O birch tree !
Growing by the rushing river,
Tall and stately in the Valley !
I a light canoe will build me.
Build a swift cheeman for sailing.
That shall float upon the river.
Like a yellow leaf in autumn.
Like a yellow water lily !"

And how with boughs of cedar they made ribs
to strengthen and hold it shapely, and bound
them together with the fibrous roots of the larch
tree, and with the balm of the fir tree closed the
seams, that water could not enter, and with the
quills of the hedge-hog made a necklace and a
girdle for their beauty.

"And two stars to deck her bosom."

And how they dragged the dead trees from
the rivers and made "a pathway for the people !"

The successors of that ancient people took
heed of their boats of birch bark, and other boats
of pine trees, and being unskilled in working
bark, imitated the ruder boat which white men
called "a dug-out," and built them boats called
"flat boats," and other boats called "keel
boats ;" and in after years, when boat building
became the art necessary for commerce, the ma-
jestic steam boat usurped the water courses.
And not a few navigators have made to them-
selves an enviable name for skill and intrepidity,
in the management of boats. Many, it is true,
have acted well their part and passed from the
theatre of their deeds, unhonored and unsung ;
and again, some have made this a step to higher

114

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

life, as for example President James A. Garfield,
who once served on the tow-path !

BOATS THAT HAVE TRAVERSED THE MUSKINGUM
SINCE THE ADVENT OF THE WHITE MAN.

About 1822, Richard Reeves built a small
boat, which was known as "Dicky Reeves' first
steam boat ;" it, however, was propelled by horse
power. Mr. Reeves subsequently built the boats
that were called "Faith," and "Charity."

In 1829, Captain Wm. Scales built a keel
boat which he named "The Rifleman of Zanes-
ville ;" these boats ran between Zanesville and
Pittsburgh, making the trip each way in from
four to six weeks."

The "Hope," a flat bottomed boat, with a
wheel at the stern, was the first boat on the Mus-
kingum river that was propelled by steam ; it
was built by Richard Reeves in 1827-8. The
engine was made at the Richmond and Bost-
wick foundry, by Mr. Nicholson, a machinist
from Pittsburgh. Mr. Reeves also built the
"Walhonding," a twenty ton boat intended for
low water on the Ohio ; and in 1828 he launched
the "Mary Ann," a fifty ton boat, commanded
by Captain Nicholson. She made her trial trip
to Coshocton, was successfully floated over the
dam, and, on that account, was called "Sam
Patch." James Sprague owned this boat.

The "Zanesville," was built in 1833, by Cap-
tain Wm. Scales and John Alter, Jr.. Her
machinery was constructed and placed by
Messrs. Dare and Ebert. This was "a stern
wheeler. Wm. Scales, Captain.

The "Tuscarora," was built in 1835, by the
same parties.

The "Muskingum," Frank Cogswell Captain,
was built in Zanesville in 1845, by the Bishop
Brothers ; the machinery by Ebert and Whitaker.

The "Belle Zane" was built a short time pre-
vious, and intended for the trade between Zanes-
ville and New Orleans. During the night of
January 8th, 1845, twelve miles below the mouth
of White river, in the Mississippi, she struck a
snag and sunk. Out of ninety passengers, only
fifty escaped drowning, and a number of those
who reached the shore froze to death. Munroe
Ayers was Captain and David Hahn engineer of
the ill-fated boat — they survived.

The "Moxahala" was built during 1845 ; and

the "Putnam," about that time — the latter by

Blue and Robert Hazlett ("Black Bob"), at the
foot of Second street, just below the Second
street M. E. Church, and launched in the canal.
It was a hundred and fifty ton boat. The
machinery was made by Ebert and Loudan.

The "Zanesville," (the second by this name)
was built in 1846, by Perry Smith.

The "Jenny Lind" was built at McBride's
ship yard, (located where the new power house
of the city water works now stands), for M. W.
Graham & Co. Ebert and Loudan made the
machinery. Chas Gallagher was Captain.

The "Phil Dodridge" was built by Bishop &
Co., in 1848-9. The machinery by Ebert and
Loudan.

The "Independence," the largest and most
powerful side wheel steamer of that date — 1850
— was constructed for Beaumont and Hollings-
worth. Geo. W. Graham was Captain.

The "Buckeye Belle" was built in 1850, and
blown up at Beverly Locks in 1852, when thirty-
two persons perished.

The "Ohio" was built in 1853, for the trade
between Zanesville and Dresden.

The "Julia Dean" was built at Marietta, about
the same time, and brought to Zanesville for her
machinery, which was furnished by Ebert &
Loudan.

The "Del Norte," a stern wheeler, was built
at Zanesville, and made her first trip in 1852
or '53.

The "Daniel Convers" was launched in 1853,
and "Emma Graham" in 1855.

The Geo. B. Reeves, White Cloud, Rainbow
and Live Oak were also in the trade, according
to Mr. EHas Ebert, to whom we are indebted for
the foregoing data ; and from a journal kept by
Mr. "Milt" C. McLaughHn the 'following addi-
tional names have been obtained, omitting such
as were named by Mr. Ebert :

The Arroline, AHce, Arrow, U. S. Aid, Aus-
tin, Monongahala Bell, Bell, Buck, Ben Bolt,
Best, Bowen, Brooks, Barnard, Kate Cassel, Car-
oline, Comet, Clarion, Mingo Chief, Hail Colum-
bia, Cheviot, St. Cloud, Prairie City, J. M.
Camden, Combs, Lizzie Cassel, Dime, Brown
Dick, Dresden, Defiance, Mary D. Devol, En-
terprise, Empress, Elk, Falcon, Freighter, Free-
dom, Fox, Emma Graham No. 2, J. B. Gordon,
Loyal Hannah, Hope, Helen Marr, Silver
Heels, Tom Hackry, Hubble, Heatherington,
Itaka, Ida, Julia No. i and 2, Ludlow, Lowell,
R. H. Lindsey, Malta No. i and 2, Mclntire,
Martin, Mink No. i and 2, McCormick, Mc-
Connell, Newark, N3rmph, Octarara, Oella,
Ohioan, Obenchain Ohio No. 3, Pacific, Petona,
Patton, Potwin, Progi^ess, Powell, Rufus Put-
nam, Pilgrim, Pinta, Relief, Sechler, Swallow,
Swan, Speer, Thompson, Union, Mviskingum
Valley, Virogna, Jim Walt, Wild Wood and
Zanesville Packet.

Prominent steamboat men of the Muskingum
river; deceased :

Captains — Wm. Scales, Absalom Boyd,Wni.
Boyd, Wm. Bowen, Frank Cogswell and
George W. Graham.

Retired Captains — Munroe Ayers, Joseph
McVey, David Pittman, David Brown and Ed-
ward Martin.

Engineers Deceased — Sylvester Ebert, D-
Hahn, G. Printz, D. Muncy, J. Sylvester and
George West.

Retired Engineers — J. C. Bevis, Joseph How-
land, Edward Nash, J. Brown, J. Hahn, T.
Sloan and John Munch.

The steamboats now in the Zanesville tirade are
as follows :

"Gen. H. F. Devol," J. R. Martin, Captain;
Noah Kincaid and J. Van Law, Clerks.

"Lizzie Casse'J," Wm. Davis, Captain; L.
McGrew and Lewis Myrick, Clerks.

MiSTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTV, 0Hi6.

"Mink," C. C. Morgan, Captain; "Bart"
Roney, Clerk.

OTHER BOATS.

"Obenchain,"7\.. Bailey, Captain ; NefF,

Clerk.

"Indianola," James Helmick, Captain.

"Come and See Me," Stephen Sprague, Cap-
tain.

CHAPTER VIII.

BURYING GROUNDS.

" There is a reaper whose name is Death,
And, with his sickle keen,
He reaps the bearded grain at a breath,
And the flowers that grow between."

The first burying-ground in Zanesville was
where the Gas Works now are — on North Sixth
street. It was laid out in the year 1800.

The second graveyard, was where the Cooper
Mill road now intersects Woodlawn avenue. In
1802, Dr. Increase Mathews donated this tract,
containing two and one-half acres, to the village
of Putnam, for a burying-ground. The first
person buried there was Mrs. Mathews, consort
of Dr. Increase Mathews ; this event took place
in June, 1802. These grounds now form a part
of "Woodlawn Cemetery."

The graveyard at the head of Main street was
probably opened as early as 1807. A Mr. Elijah
Hart was buried there, in March, of that year.
John Mclntire's tomb is all that remains distin-
guished as such to mark this burial-ground.
The fragments of gravestones, scattered around,
are sad mementoes of the forgotten and neglected
dead — the heroes and honored of long ago.
Perhaps a thrill of grateful remembrance may
enter the bosoms of the City Fathers and induce
them to take better care of this place ; it would
seem to be their duty, for as early as 1816 the
town of Zanesville took charge of this Cemetery.

Zanesville City Cemetery was laid out in
1835, ^^^ bodies were removed from other
grounds to it. The original tract contained a
little less than seven and one-half acres, pur-
chased of Richard Stillwell, March 5th, 1835-,
for $476.00. It is located about one mile east of
the Court House, on the north side of the Na-
tional road. The first addition to this cemetery
was made by the city of Zanesville, April i,
1852, in the purchase from Captain Joseph
Moorehead of a fraction over two acres, for the
sum of $600.00 ; and, on the same day, a further
addition of a little more than five acres, pur-
chased from J. V. Cushing, for $1,560.00. [See
Muskingum county Records of Deeds, Book P,
.p. 337, and Record of Deeds, Book 21, pp. 317,
322.] The next addition, April 13, 1852, by
purchase of six and one-third acres from R. P.
Robinson, for $ i ,270.00 ; [See Record of Deeds,
Book 21, p. 365]; and again, March 11, 187.5,
by purchase of two acres from Wm. W. Miner,
for $2,000.00 ; [See Record of Deeds, Book 62,
P- 3373 ) ^^^ again, March 6, 1878, about twen-
ty acres, from Henry Blandy, for $6,000.00.
[See Record of Deeds, Book 66, p. 619.]

The first interment in the City Cemetery, was
that of Sarah Ann, wife of Jacob Stout; she
was buried Sunday, October 24th, 1835. "^^^
second was Lot Barr ; the third, Mr. James
Durban, father of Thomas Durban.

In 1869, the control of the City Cemetery
passed from the City Council to a Board of Trus-
tees.

The Trustees in 1880 were : John M. Bonnet,
Thomas Lindsay, and J. W. Conrade.

W^ooDLAWN Cemetery. — In 1850, Charles C.
Convers obtained a charter for an association
known as "The Proprietors of Woodlawn Cem-
etery ;" in anticipation of which, C. C. Convers
and A. A. Guthrie purchased from Dr. Increase
Mathews the east end of the north half of the
southwest quarter of section twelve, Springfield
township sixteen, ranges thirteen and fourteen,
embracing fifty-five and one-half acres, more or
less (see Record of Deeds, book 20, p. 14),
for which was paid $4,358.00.

On the 5th of August, following the purchase,
Charles C. Convers, Charles B. Goddard, Rich-
ard Stillwell, Isaac Dillon, Solomon Sturges,
Corrington W. Searle, Hugh J. Jewett, Ebenezer
Buckingham, Albert A. Guthrie, Alvah Buck-
ingham, Henry Blandy, Daniel Applegate,
George James, Daniel Brush, William Galligher,
Allen Metcalf, Ezra B. Eastman, and George
N. Guthrie, having each paid fifty 'dollars for a
first-class lot, met pursuant to notice, at the of-
fice of C. C. Convers, in Zanesville, and organ-
ized the society, and elected officers, in accord-
ance with the provisions of the charter, resulting
as follows :

President, A. A. Guthrie ; Treasurer, D. Ap-
plegate ; Secretary, Charles C. Russell.

Directors : Richard Stillwell, Charles B. God-
dard, Charles C. Convers, H. J. Jewett, Henry
Blandy, E. Buckingham, and A. A. Guthrie.

The Board then confirmed the purchase of the
tract of land heretofore specified, on the terms
stated. The terms of purchase were, $1,000
down and the balance as follows : $1,000, paya-
ble November i, 1853 ; $1,000, payable Novem-
ber I, 1854; and $1,000, payable November i,
1855, and the balance payable November i, 1856,
the several notes bearing interest.

The improvement of the grounds began in
1852, under the personal direction of the Presi-
dent, who laid them out. He designed the ave-
nues and walks, and it is but just to say that he
not only preserved the natal beauty, but added
greatly thereto, and also devised harmonious
adornments, rendering it a place of peculiar at-
traction.

In 1853, the cemetery was publicly dedicated.
Among the exercises, was an address by the
President, A. A. Guthrie, that, on account of its
beauty and appropriateness, was printed in pam-
phlet form.

In 1880, the officers-were as follows:

President, C. W. Potwin ; Secretary and
Treasurer, James Buckingham.

Directors : Daniel Applegate, Moses M. Gran-

ii6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ger, Alexander Grant, Edmund J. Brush, and
James R. Peabody.

Roman Catholic Cemetery. — The first
graveyard used by this denomination was on the
rear of the lot now occupied by St. Thomas'
Church, on Fifth street. The first person buried
on this ground was John S. Dugan, who was ac-
cidentally killed March ii, 1825. It has been
claimed that three persons, named Nicholas,
Tudor, and Pratt, who were Quakers, were
buried here, in 1815, and that this was "the
Qiiaker graveyard;" this, however, is all we
know, and is not certified. When St. Thomas'
Church was erected, the dead were removed to
the present Cemetery, on the National road,
about a mile east of the Court House. The site
was purchased for the church, by Bishop John
B. Purcell, of Cincinnati, of Richard Stilwell,
for $i6o. It contains a fracBon less than two
acres. The purchase was made August 14,
1835. [^^^ Record of Deeds, Book Q^, p. 30.]

The Cemetery was dedicated by Bishop Pur-
cell. It is under the conti^ol of the Parish Priest
of St. Thomas' Church.

CHAPTER IX.

SCHOOLS.

THE FIRST SCHOOL THE FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL

BUILDING SEMINARY ZANESVILLE ACADEMY

THE m'iNTIRE school SPECIAL SCHOOL

LAW THE FIRST BOARD OF EDUCATION THE

FIRST GRADED SCHOOL THE GRADED SYSTEM

COMPLETED THE FIRST SUPERINTENDENT

THE OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT SUSPENDED

THE FIRST LADY PRINCIPAL A SUPERINTEND-
ENT APPOINTED TEACHERS SPECIAL TEACH-
ERS superintendent's REPORT 1876, '77,

'78, '79, '8o-^THE ATTENDANCE FOR THE LAST

TEN YEARS THE COST OF THE SCHOOLS FOR

THE LAST TEN YEARS RKGULATIONS FOR THE

GOVERNMENT OF THK SCHOOLS THE BOUNDA-
RIES OF DISTRICTS TEACHERS FOR 1880-81

ZANESVILLE HIGH SCHOOL BOARDS OF SCHOOL

DIRECTORS FROM 1 838 TO l88l^ PAROCHIAL

SCHOOLS — ST. Columbia's academy — german

lutheran school zanesville business

college.

For data concerning the early schools, we are
indebted to _ Mr. E. M. Church, wliose zeal
and fidelity in gleaning reminiscenccK of early
times merit great praise. From his notes, we
learn that the first school was in West Zanesville
(now the Eighth ward), in the summer of 1800.
At that time the largest part of the settlement
was on that side of the river, and. contained
nearly all of the children of school age. The
teacher was David Harris, and the school was lo-
cated near the east end of Lee street, on the river
bank. There were in all about twenty-five or
thirty pupils in attendance. John Green and
sister, James Cordry and brother, and one other,
were all who belonged on the east side of the
river. George M. Crooks and cousin, were all

who attended from South Zanesville (Seventh
Ward). Henry Crooks (father of George M.),
had an Indian living with him who took his
children over the Island to school and brought
them home again. The children from the east
side of the river waded the stream most of the
time, and crossed in a boat when the water was
up. The first school on the east side of the river
was taught in a cabin on Second street, between
Main street and Fountain alley — the property
was afterwards owned by the Casgill's. The
name of the teacher was Joseph Jennings ; the
attendance was not large. James Cordry,
brother and sister, attended this school in 1802.
The next school was on Putnam Hill, in the spring
of 1804, and was taught by Daniel Dimmick.

In 1805, Samuel Herrick, a young lawyer,
came to Zanesville ; there were not more than
thirty-five buildings in the town, and all cabins,
except two or three hewed log houses, with
shingle roofs and stone chimneys ; and not more
than a hundred and twenty-five inhabitants. A
school teacher was wanted, however, and Mr.
Herrick, having but little business in his profes-
sion (there being two other lawyers, Wyllis Sil-
liman and Lewis Cass, in town), accepted the
position. The citizens erected a log school house
-on the lot now occupied by the Market street
school building. It was a primitive structure,
having only an earth floor, with one log cut out
for a window ; over this opening was pasted
greased white paper, which kept out the winds,
and yet admitted the light. The benches were
made of logs, split in two, with four legs. The
desks were of common boards, fastened along
the walls. In the center was the stump of a tree,
which served as a "dunce block," where mis-
chievous boys were placed as a punishment.
This was the first public school building erected
in Zanestown. John Mclntire donated the lot to
the town for school purposes. The school taught
by Samuel Herrick in this building, was attended
by Richard Stilwell, Eliza Price, Harriet Con-
vers, Amelia Mclntire, Hattie Taylor, Mary
Vickers, James Cordry, Isaac Spaiigler, Mar-
garet and. William Thompson, David Spangler,
Sarah and Jeflerson \'an Home, and others. The
information in regard to this school was obtained
from Mrs. Charles B. Goddard and Mrs. John S.
Cochran, a few \ears before their death.
'J'hey were pupils in the first school, taught by
Samuel Herrick.

Charles Roberts (youngest son of James Rob-
erts), taught school in the old school house on
Putnam Hill in 1808 ; he afterwards taught in
Coshocton and, at a later period, again in Zanes-
ville ; he was an honest and enterprising citizen
and highly respected ; he was noted for sociabili-
ty and the pleasure he took in entertaining,
friends. He died June 26, 1854, '" the seventy-
second year of his age. His father and mother
died in Zanesville in 1813 or 1814.

In 1808, the citizens of Springfield raised
money by subscription and built the large ;' Stone
Academy" in the southeastern part of the town.
A two-story house, with a hall and two large

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

117

rooms, located on a fine large lot. It was built
for a State House, to induce the Legislature to
come to Springfield, and in case of failure in
this it was deemed suitable for an academy or
church purposes.

A custom of early school teachers : They had
a rule that, if a girl did any thing wrong, she
might get any of the boys to go her bail — i. e.,
if she tailed to be perfectly good for a week or
iwo, the boy was to be punished in her stead —
just as the master ordered, and in case of pun-
ishment, one boy was made to hold the other
while the master lammed him, and the girl never
forfeited her bail. — [From memories of school
days, by E. H. Church].

Mr. Church, when seven or eight years old,
attended a school taught by a Mr. Black, in a log
cabin, on the site now occupied by the Kirk
House ; and soon after, in 181 1, a school taught
by "old mother GofF," and remembei^ed being
struck by her while trying- to learn his "A B
Ab's !" This school house was on the corner of
Spruce alley and Main street.

In 1808, or 1809, one Patterson, brother-in-law
to Charles and John Roberts, taught school in the
same room formeiiy used by Mr. Black. And
in 1810, '11 and '12 Richard Kearns taught on
the northeast corner of Sixth and North streets ;
he died in 1813. Rev. William Jones, Presbyte-
rian minister, taught in the old frame Court
House in 1810-11, and taught some of the higher
branches, including Latin and Greek.

In 1810, in the corner room of Frazey Tavern,
on the corner of Sixth street and Locust alley,
Jonathan Hobby, John W. Spiy, and Mr. and
Mrs. Colerick, established a " Seminary for
Young Ladies."

In 1812, '13 and '14, Arthur Reed taught in a
house on the corner of Fountain alley and
Seventh street.

In 1817, David Hall, as appears by his adver-
tisement in the Zanesville "Express," October
2, 1817, opened a school for young gentlemen
and ladies. This school was in " a large and
convenient room in the Academy in Putnam."
Instructions in the various branches of English
education. Price of tuition, three dollars per
quarter ; application to be made to the subscriber
at the Putriam hotel.

"September 4, 1817. — Education, — Stephen
Devol (from Troy, New York,) has taken and
fitted up a commodious room in Frazey's brick
house, for the reception of youth and children of
both sexes, in the several branches of literature
common in an English school." — [Zanesville
"Express," September 14, 1817].

"Schools. — Zanesville, 1818. — Jonathan Hob-
by respectfully informs the public that he has
lately opened a school in Zanesville, in a com-
modious room in Mr. Frazey's large bi"ick (situ-
ate a few rods south of the clerk's office), where
due attention will b^ paid to the education and
instruction of all who may may be entrusted to
his care. — [Zanesville "Express," March 7,
1818]. J. Hobby."

"Mrs. M. Colerick's Young Ladies" Semin-
ary," in the brick building on the southwest cor-
ner of Market and Fourth streets. The terms of
tuition are as follows :

"Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar,
Geography, Tambour and Embroidery, Cotton
Work, Fringe and Netting, Plain Sewing and
Marking, $4 per quarter.

"Second Class — Orthography, Reading and
Writing, Plain Sewing, Marking, Fringe and
Netting, $3 per quarter.

" Small children (boys and girls) will form
the Third Class for Orthography, Reading, etc.,
$2.50 per quarter.

"Parents and guardians may rest assured that
every attention will be paid to their morals and
manners. — [Zanesville " Express," October 28,
1818.] Mrs. M. Colerick."

"School. — A Card. — The subscriber, having
taken the lower part of the brick house, in Put-
nam, belonging to Dr. C. Conant, i-espectfully
informs the inhabitants of Zanesville and Putnam
that he intends opening a Seminary, on Monday,
the 7th inst., for improvement in Reading, Writ-
ing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography,
Mensuration, Guaging, Surveying, and Naviga-
tion, with the Mathematics generally, and the
Classics, if required. The public may rest as-
sured that the morals, as well as the intellectual
improvement, of those confided to .his charge
shall receive his individual attention. (Here fol-
lows terms, ranging from $3 to $5.) — [Zanesville
"Express," Nov. 3, 1819.] F. Fowler."

John W. Spry, who was afterwards for many
years County Auditor, taught a school in Fra-
zey's brick house, on the corner of Locust alley
and Sixth street, in 1819, and afterwards in 1823-
24, in the old Harvey tavern, on the corner of
Third and Main streets.

"Female Education. — Mr. and Mrs. Stein-
hauer, from Bethlehem, Pa., beg leave to inform
their friends, and the public, that they intend to
open a school for the instruction of young ladies,
in Zanesville, towards the end of August, upon a
similar plan with the justl}- celebrated establish-
ment at Bethlehem, Pa.

"Mr. S., being a member of the church of the
" Unitas Fratrum," (more generally known by
the name of Moravians) is thoroughly acquaint-
ed with their approved mode of conducting their
schools ; the more so, as he has himself been en-
gaged for many years in teaching, in one of their
most respectable academies, in England. Parents
and guardians who are disposed to entrust Mr.
and Mrs. Steinhauer with the important charge
of educating their children, may rest assured
that the strictest attention will be paid to their
morals, and no efforts be wanting to insure their
comfort, and to promote their advancement in
every branch of their studies.

Teems: — Boarding, (per quarter).. $30 00

Washing " 4 00

Entrance " 6 00

(The course of instruction, as usual, but speci-
fied.)— [Zanesville "Express, "July 30, 1819.]
"Mr. & Mrs. Steinhauer."

lit

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COtJNTY, OHIO.

"Zanesville Academy. — For the information
of those who are unacquainted with the
terms upon which scholars are received in-
to this institution, it is deemed necessa-
ry by the Trustees to state that the price
for tuition is Three Dollars per quarter, with an
addition of fifty cents per scholar for contingent
expenses, in said Academy ; no scholar will be
received for a shorter term than three months.
The school at present taught in the Academy, is
under the conduct of Mr. William C. Pope, who
is well qualified to instruct in the different
branches usually taught in English Seminaries.
His plan of instruction, which is perspicuous and
rational, merits the approbation of his friends,
and the public patronage. — [" Messenger," May
I, 1824.] Robert Mitchell,

"Secretary."

James Perry taught in a two story log house,
on Market street, where Robinson's machine
works now stand.

Rev. George Sedgwick taught a "Seminary
for Young Ladies," in a house which stood on
the river bank, below the lower bridge. This
was from 1822 to 1824.

At the time the town of Zanesville was laid out,
the proprietors, Jonathan Zane and John Mcln-
tire, set apart and appointed the west halves of
lots fifteen and sixteen, in the tenth square, for
the use of schools. In 1818, after the death of
John Mclntire, Jonathan Zane, the surviving pro-
prietor, executed a deed for these grounds to
Daniel Convers and others, authorizing them to
enter upon, and take possession of the same for
school purposes. Soon after this, Daniel Con-
vers, associating with himself about thirty others,
organized a sort of joint stock company, for the
purpose of erecting a school house on the ground
thus secured by them. The number of shares,
which was limited to fifty-three, at twenty-five
dollars each, were all taken, and with the funds
so raised, the first and second stories of the Old
Market Street Academy were built. The third
story was added by Amity Lodge, of the Masonic
Fraternity, and used by them as a place of meet-
ing. The building was completed, and the first
school opened in it, in February, 1822. By the
articles of association, each stockholder was en-
titled to send one pupil for each shai-e of stock
owned by him. The school was maintained un-
der this organization for a number of years.
During a portion of its history, two departments
of learning were taught. The first teacher em-
ployed in this school, was Ezekiel liildreth.
William Pope, Jonathan Hobby, Allen Cadwall-
ader and others, were his successors. After the
public schools of the town began to assume an
organized form, this building was rented for a
number of years, for school purposes, by the
Board of Education, and, in 1858, it was finally
re-leased to the city by the survivors and repre-
sentatives of the stockholders, and by Amity
Lodge.

The McIntire School. John Mclntire, as
will be seen in his will, expressly declared that

" the President and Directors of said company,
(The Zanesville Canal arid Manufacturing Com-
pany) are annually to appropriate all the profits,
rents, and issues of my- stock, as aforesaid, (see
will), and all of my estate, of whatever kind the
same may be, for the use and support of a "Poor
School," which they are to establish in the town
of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children ol
said town. The children who are to be the ob-
jects of this institution, are to be fixed upon by
the President and Directors of said company.
This bequest to be absolutely void, in case my
daughter Amelia, before described, should leave
an heir, or heirs, of her body."

Amelia Mclntire died without issue, and, con-
sequently, the income of the estate accrued to
the town of Zanesville, for the purpose named by
the testator.

The "Mclntire Academy," as it was known,
was built by the" executors under the foregoing
will, and was first occupied for school purposes
about 1836. The first Principal of this school,
was John M. Howe, who had, for sometime pre-
viously, conducted a private seminary in a build-
ing on the corner of North and Seventh streets,
known as Howe's "Seminary." He was assist-
ed by A. E. Howe and George Miller, and sub-
sequently, by Thomas H. Patrick. Mr. Howe
remained as Principal of this school some ten or
twelve years. The school was one of high or-
der ; Latin and Greek, and other branches of
higher education, being taught in it. The high-
est, or classical department, was taught by Mr.
Howe in person, the lower departments, by his
assistants.

Mr. Howe was sui;ceeded by Mr. Theodore
D. Martindale, who was assisted by Mr. T. H.
Patrick and two female assistants. Mr. Martin-
dale was succeeded bj- Mr. Joseph Davidson,
who was assisted by about the same corps of
teachers.

Mr. Davidson was succeeded by Mr. T. H.
Patrick, who remained as Principal of the
school until 1856, when the graded school system
having been fullj' organized, it was thought by
the Mclntire executors, as well as others inter-
ested, that the purposes of the testator would best
be carried out by placing the school under the
control of the Board of Education, and causing
it to be merged in the general graded system of
the city. Accordingly, an arrangement was
made between the Mclntire Trustees and the
Board of Education that "the school house was
to be put in thorough repair, and furnished with
furniture similar to that in the other school build-
ings of the city. The school to be organized
and conducted under the rules and regulations
adopted by the Board of Education, and to be
under the control of the Superintendent of the
City Schools.

"The expenses of repairs, furniture, salaries of
teachers, together with all incidentals necessary
to the conduct of the school, to be paid by the
Mclntire Trustees ; the Mclntire Trustees re-
serving to themselves the right of visitorial su-
pervision."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

119

THE SPECIAL SCHOOL LAW.

'Prior to the first of April, 1839, ^^^ Public
Schools of Zanesville were conducted under the
general school laws of the State, and were of the
same ungraded character as the schools of the
rural districts.

The general State school law (that passed
March 7, 1838,) was not considered adapted to
the wants of the town in the expenditure of funds
for school purposes, especially so in consequence
of the existence of the Mclntire school fund,
which rendered the situation of Zanesville, in
that regard, peculiar.

On the 29th day of December, 1838, a meet-
ing was held in what is known as the Senate
Chamber, pursuant to a notice from the School
Directors of Zanesville district, (Ezekiel T. Cox,
Uriah Parke and Henry Eastman), a committee
was appointed to draft a bill adapted to the edu-
cational wants and interests of the town of Zanes-
ville ; while another committee was appointed to
circulate petitions to the Legislature, for the
"Support and Better Regulation of the Schools
of the Town of Zanesville," of which law the
following are among the provisions :

Section i . * * * . It shall be the duty of
the Town Council of the town of Zanesville, on
or before the first of April next, to hold an elec-
tion, at the Court House, in said town, for the
election by ballot of six School Directors for said
town, to serve as follows : Two to serve until
the third Tuesday in September, 1839 ! ^"^° ^°
serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1840 ;
and two to serve until the third Tuesday in Sep-
tember, 1841 ; and annually afterwards, on the
third Tuesday in September, two directors, as
aforesaid, shall be elected to serve for the period
of three years, and until their successors are
elected and qualified. All vacancies by death,
resignation, or otherwise, to be filled by appoint-
ment of the Council * * * until the next
election.

Provided, that none but free-holders, house-
holders and heads of families shall vote.

"Sec 3. It shall be the duty of said Board, on
or before the first day of May next, to determine
the location of a site, or sites, for a school house,
or school houses, having in view the possibility
of purchase on reasonable terms, and they shall
determine the number and description of build-
ings necessary for school purposes in said town,
and report the same in writing to the Council.

"Sec. 4. That thereupon it shall be the duty
of said Council, at the expense of said town, to
purchase said site, or sites, and cause to be
erected thereon, under the supervision of said
Board, such school building, or school buildings,
as may be described in said report. * * *

"Sec. 6. Provided that, as soon as the neces-
sary buildings were erected, it should be the
duty of the Board of Education to employ teach-
ers, make rules and regulations for the schools,
and to keep the schools in constant operation,
except during reasonable vacations, to be by
them established — and, when the public money

was insufficient, to supply the deficiency by a
tax levied upon the parents and guardians of
pupils attending, in proportion to the time of
their attendance, and to exempt from such tax
such parents or gurdians as, in the opinion of the
Board, were unable to pay it, and were not en-
titled to send to the Mclntire School.

' ' Sec . 7 , Made it the duty of the Board of Edu-
cation to report annually to the Town Council the
receipts and expenditures of all moneys coming
into their hands for school purposes.

Sec 9, Made it the duty of the Board of Edu-
cation to make a yearly estimate of the probable
expense of repairs, for fuel and furniture, and
the Council to provide for the same by a tax
levied for that purpose.

Sec II, Made it the duty of the Council to
appoint three suitable persons to act as a Board
of School Examiners, whose duty it was to ex-
amine applicants for teachers' positions, to ex-
amine the schools, and to report semi-annually
to the Council."

On the first day of April, 1839, an election
was held at the Court House, and the following
named gentlemen were elected as members of
the first Board of Education, under the foregoing
law :

Hugh Reed, to serve till the third Tuesday in
September, 1839.

George W. Manypenny, to serve till the third
Tuesday in September, 1839.

Allen Cadwallader, to serve till the third Tues-
day in September, 1840.

Charles G. Wilson, to serve till the third Tues-
day in September, 1840.

Richard Stillwell, to serve till the third Tues-
day in September, 1841.

John A. Turner, to serve till the third Tues-
day in September, 1841.

This Board organized April 6th, by electing
Richard Stillwell President, John A. Turner,
Secretary and Charles G. Wilson, Treasurer.

The first Board of Examiners appointed by
the Council consisted of Rev. James Culbertson,
Rev. William A. Smallwood and Wyllys Buell.
During the same year, (1839), "^^ Board of
Education selected sites for the school buildings,
but put the schools in operation in rented build-
ings, as follows :

James Barton's room, corner of Market and
Fifth streets.

Mrs. Barton's room. Fifth street, between Mar-
ket and South.

Mr. Spaulding's school house. Sixth street,
near Marietta.

Old Methodist Church, between Fifth and Sec-
ond streets.

First floor of old Academy, on Market street.
Room in basement of Market street Baptist
Church.

Second floor of old Academy, on Market
street.

Mr. N. Harris' school room, on Third street.

In September of this year, Messrs. Reed and

Manypenny were re-elected as members of the

Board of Education. February 15, 1840, the

I20

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Board of Education recommended to the Council
the erection of a school house in the northwest part
of the old graveyard, and submitted plans and
specifications for the same. The Council adopt-
ed the recommendation of the Board, and imme-
diately advertised for bids for the erection of the
building. On the 12th of March, 1840, the con-
tract was awarded to James Ramage, at $3,750.

On the 28th day of March, 1840, the Council
rented again all the rooms previously occupied
by the schools, except Mr. J. Barton's, and rent-
ed three additional rooms, namely : One of
Colonel John Hall, one of Mr. Stratton, and an-
other in the basement of the Market Street Bap-
tist Church.

In July, 1840, Allen Cadwallader resigned, and
Uriah Parke was appointed a member of the
Board of Education in his stead. In September
of the same year, Uriah Parke and C. G. Wilson
were re-elected, and H. J. Cox appointed in
place of Dr. Turner, deceased. October, 1840,
Rev. Amos Bartholomew was appointed Exam-
iner, vice Buell. On the 6th day of November,
1840, the new school house on the hill being
ready for occupation, the following rented rooms
were vacated, and the schools transferred to the
new building : John Hall's Old Methodist
Church, two rooms in the basement of the Mar-
ket Street Baptist Church, and Mr. Stratton's.
Mrs. Barton's room had been previously vacated,
and the school transferred to Nathaniel Wilson's
room, corner of Fifth and South streets. On the
27th of November, 1841, Richard Stillwell re-
signed, and Jesse Keene was appointed a mem-
ber of the Board of Education in his stead. On
the 9th day of December, 1841, the Council pur-
chased of John Howe the building on the corner
of Seventh and North streets, known as "Howe's
Seminary," together with the lease of the grounds
upon which it was located, for the sum of $1,500.
This buildingwas repaired and improved, and
ready for occupation on the first of April, 1842.
With the occupation of this building, begins the
history of the graded school system of Zanes-
ville.

THE FIRST GRADBD SCHOOLS.

In September, 1842, the following system of
organization was adopted and went into imme-
diate operation :

1. "The Zanesville public schools shall be di-
vided into the Male Seminary, and the Female
Seminary. [The former to occupy the new
school house on the hill, and the latter, the
"Howe Seminary," on Seventh street.]

2. "Each division shall be divided into a
Junior and Senior department. In the Junior
department, shall be taught Spelling, Reading,
and the elements of Arithmetic and Geography,
and the scholars shall be allowed to attend les-
sons in Singing and Writing. All the higher
branches studied shall be taught in the Senior
departments, with such continuation of the studies
pursued in the Junior departments as may be
necessary.

3. "Theres hall be a principal in each de-

partment, who shall have such assistants as may
be necessary. There shall also be a teacher« of
writing and vocal music. .

4. "The teacher of Writing arid Music shall
occupy the room at each building appropriated
to his use, and the scholars shall attend his in-
struction in such classes, and under such ar-
rangements as he, with the sanction of the Board
of Education, shall think proper. His services
shall be divided between the Seminaries, as their
wants may require.

5. "The Principal of the Senior Department
of the Male Seminary, shall be General Superin-
tendent of that school, and as such shall receive
all applicants and assign them to their proper
departments ; and whenever the departments are
brought together for an examination, or for
other purposes, he shall have the direction, and
shall decide all questions of general arrange-
ment. He shall exercise a general supervision,
and see that the rules of the school are duly en-
forced, and neatness and good order observed
throughout. Any one feeling aggrieved by his
action, may appeal to the Directors.

6. "The teacher of Writing and Music shall
be General Superintendent of the Female School,
and as such shall discharge all the duties per-
taining to the Superintendent of the Seminary.
He shall reside in the building, and protect it
and the premises from injury.

7. "There shall be a Curator of the Male
Seminary, who shall reside in the building and
have charge of it, for the purpose of protection.
He shall also have charge of the Cabinet and
apparatus, under regulations to be hereafter de-
fined."

Fifteen other sections follow, defining more
minutely the duties of teachers, officers, and pu-
pils ; but the foregoing are deemed sufficient to
indicate the "character of the system organized at
the time. The school year consisted of four
quarters, of twelve weeks each. The income
from taxation, under the general and special
school laws then in force, not being sufficient to
maintain the schools, tuition at the rate of one
dollar per quai'ter in the Junior departments,
and one dollar and a half in the Senior depart-
ments, was charged for each pupil residing with-/
in the borough, and not entitled to attend the'
Mclntire School. Pupils entitled to attend the
Mclntire School, or residing without the bor-
ough, were charged three dollars per quarter in
Junior departments, and four dollars in Senior
departments. The Board of Education, to whom
this organization of the schools is due, consisted
of Messrs. Charles G. Wilson, Uriah Parke,
Horatio J. Cox, Hugh Reed, George W. Many-
penny, and Jesse Keene.

The testimony of the Board of Education,
upon his retirement therefrom some years subse-
quently, to the efficiency of Mr. Parke's services,
would indicate that, in the judgment of his asso-
ciates, much of the credit of the efficiency of the
school system was due to him. He is still re-
membered in this community, for his earnest de-
votion to the cause of popular educE^tion,

HIGH SCHOOL, Zanesville, Ohio.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

121

The Board of Examiners at this time (Septem-
ber, 1842), consisted of Rev. James Culbertson,
Rev. W. A. Smallwood, and Dr. Thomas M.
Drake — Dr. Drake having been appointed in
July, of this year, in place of Rev. Amos Bar-
tholomew.

On the 20th of September, 1842, Mark Low-
dan and Adam Peters were elected members of
the Board of Education, in place of Messrs.
Reed and Manypenny, and on the 26th, Colonel
John W. Foster was appointed, in place of Jesse
Keene.

In April, 1843, E. E. Fillmore was appointed
a member of the Board of Education, in place
of John W. Foster, resigned, and in September
of the same year was elected to the same office.

On the 7th of April, 1845, the residence of
Uriah Parke, then Secretary of the Board of Ed-
ucation, was destroyed by fire, and with it all
the records and papers belonging to the Board.
The foregoing facts are gathered from the min-
utes of the Town Council, and from a brief ab-
stract of the history of the schools, prepared
from memory by Mr. Parke, and recorded in
June, 1845, in the records of the Board.

In June, 1845, the following corps of teachers
was in the employ of the Board, at the salaries
named :

George W. Batchelder, Principal of Male
Seminary, salary $600 per annum ; Samuel C.
Mendenhall, Assistant, Senior Department, sal-
ary $240; N. A. Gray, Principal of Junior De-
partment, salary $350 ; James H. Thompson,
Asssistant, Junior Department, salary $240 ;
William D. Chase, Second-Assistant, Junior De-
partment, salary $150; Jesse P. Hatch, Princi-
pal of Female seminary, and teacher of Writing
and Musiq in both schools, salary $400 ; Miss
Adaline Parker, Principal, Senior Department,
salary $300 ; Miss Isabel Cary, Assistant, Senior
Department, salary $175 ; Miss J. Williams,
Principal, Junior Department, salary $i26o ; Miss
Amanda Charlott, Assistant, Junior Department,
salary $96 ; Miss Martha Hatch, Second-Assist-
ant, Junior Department, salary $96.

N. A. Gray resided in the Male Seminary
building, and'j. P. Hatch in the Female Semi-
nary building, rent and fuel free.

The number of pupils enrolled, and in attend-
ance, in June, 1845, was as follows :

Male Seminary, Senior Department, enrolled 67

" " ' " " attendance 60

" Junior " enrolled 154

« " " " attendance...; 139

Female " Senior " enrolled 89

" " " " attendance 65

" " Junior " enrolled 157

" " attendance 120

Total, in both Schools, enrolled 467

Total, in both Schools, attendance 384

The following was the course of study, au-
thorized by the Board :

Spelling — ^Sanders' Spelling Book.
Reading— .Pjerr^pont's Introduction and Na-

tional Reader, Sanders' Reader, and the Scrip'
tures.

Geography — Smith's.

Gramm ar — Smith's .

Arithmetic — Emerson's Mental and Parke's
Practical.

Algebra— B alley ' s .

History — Goodrich's First, Second and Third
Books, and Weem's Washington.

Music — Mason's Sacred Harp.

Philosopy — Comstock' s .

Surveying — Gummere's.

Geometry — Playfair's Euclid.

Latin — Andrews and Stoddard's Grammar,
Andrews' Reader, and Virgil.

Greek — Anthon's Grammar, First Lessons and
Reader.

On the i6th of September, 1845, Gottlieb Nat-
tinger and Leonard P Bailey were elected mem-
bers of the Board of Education, in place of Adam
Peters and Mark Lowdan.

Subsequent changes in the Board of Educa-
tion are given in the roll of the Board, appended
te this sketch.

"In July, 1847, Mr. Batchelder resigned his
position as Principal of the Male Seminary, and
Mr. Mendenhall, that of First Assistant in the
same. On accepting the resignation of these
gentlemen, the Board of Education bore hearty
and unanimous testimony of their efficiency and
success as teachers, and added emphasis to that
testimony by their subsequent re-employment in
the schools.

Mr. Orlando L. Castle was elected to succeed
Mr. Batchelder, and Mr. William D. Urquhart
to succeed Mr. Mendenhall. In October, 1847,
Mr. Urquhart was succeeded by Mr. William A.
Castle.

In April, 1848, Mr. Hatch resigned his posi-
tion as Principal of the Female Seminary and
teacher of writing and singing. As a temporary
arrangement. Miss Adaline Parker was made
Principal of the Female Seminary, and Mr. O.
L. Castle took charge of the writing and singing
in the Male Seminary. In July, 1848. Mr. N.
A. Gray resigned his position in the Male Semi-
nary, and Mr. S. C. Mendenhall was elected to
fill his place. Mr. L. P. Marsh, then of Dela-
ware, Ohio, was elected teacher of writing and
singing, and entered upon the discharge of his
duties January 3, 1849. His salary was at the
rate of $400 per annum. In February, 1849,
Mr. J. H. Thompson, then assistant teacher in
the Male Seminary, was made Principal of the
Female Seminary, at a salary of $500 per an-
num, with dwelling and fuel free.

In April, 1849, the length of the school year
was fixed at four quarters, of eleven weeks
each.

On the 26th of March, 1850, Mr. O. L. Castle,
Principal of the Male Seminary, resigned, and
Mr. Marsh was made Acting Principal till June,
1850, when Mr. George W. Batchelder was
elected to that position, at a salary of $800 per
annum.

122

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

In September, 1850, the corps of teachers con-
sisted of Mr. Batchelder, as Principal of the
Male Seminary, with four assistant teachers.
Mr. Thompson, was Principal of the Female
Seminary, with four assistant teachers, and Mr.
Marsh as teacher of writing and singing in both
schools. The average enrollment of pupils, at
this time, was about five hundred.

In October, 1850, Mr. Marsh resigned, and
Captain Hatch was again employed as teacher of
writing and singing.

THE FIRST SUPERINTENDENT.

No important change was made in the organi-
zation of the schools till February, 1852, when
Mr. Batchelder was made Superintendent of all
the schools. His salary was fixed at $1 ,000, and
he was assisted by twelve subordinate teachers.

In May, 1852, the Female Seminary was de-
stroyed by fire and its schools transferred to the
basement of the Seventh' street M. E. Church
and the Market Street Academy.

In June of this year, the Board of Education
took action .looking, to the provision of additional
and more, suitable accommodations for the
schools. A committee was appointed to select
sites for four ward schools and a high school.

In April 1853, the lots on which were built the
Third and Fourth Ward buildings were selected,
and Mr. Batchelder was sent to Cleveland, San-
dusky and Columbus to inspect the school build-
ings of those cities, with a view to advising the
Board in their adoption of plans, and application
was made to the Council for funds to purchase
the lots selected, to erect two ward schools, and
to make alterations and repairs on the High
School building, so as to fit it for the use of a
High School. The Council promptly responded
to this call, authorized the issue of twenty-five
thousand dollars of school bonds for the use of
the Board, and advertised for bids for the erec-
tion of two ward buildings. In July, 1853, the
contract for the erection of the Third and Fourth
Ward buildings was awarded to Jonathan Swank,
at ^7,645 for each building, exclusive of the stone
work. Mr. John M. James was employed to
superintend the erection of the buildings.

In the spring of 1853, the first school for the
education of colored children was established.
Under the laws in force at that time, this school
was controlled by a separate board of directors,
elected by colored people, and sustained by taxes
levied upon property of colored citizens.

In October, 1854, ^'"- Batchelder resigned his
office of Superintendent. Very much credit is
due Mr. Batchelder for his labors in behalf of
the better organization of our' public schools.
He earnestly advocated before the Board of Ed-
ucation and before the City Council, the advan-
tages of the graded system over that of the
mixed schools, as they then existed, and gave
impetus and direction to the preliminary efforts
that were made to build up in our city a system
of public instruction that should be creditable in
its character and remunerative in its results.

The Graded System Completed. — In April,
1855, the new school buildings were completed,,
and the organization of the graded system began
to assume tangible shape. Mr. Almon Samson
had been elected Superintendent, and Mr.
Charles W. Chandler, Principal of the High
School.

The following departments were organized,
and courses of study adopted : \

The Primary Department, embracing the first
three years of the course.

The Secondary Department, embracing the
second three years.

The Senior Department, embracing the third
three years.

The High School Department, embracing
three courses of study, of two years, four years
and five years respectively.

During the school year, ending July 3d, 1857,-
there were sustained by the Board: One high
school, two senior schools, five secondary schools,
ten primary schools, one unclassified school, and
one colored school. The whole number of
teachers was thirty-one.

The enumeration of white youth, of school
age, in this year, was 2,857, of whom 289 were
under six years of age — leaving 2,568 entitled to
attend the public schools. The whole number
of pupils enrolled in the white schools was 1,500,
leaving i ,068 entitled to admission who did not
enter school at all.

The average enrollment and attendance in the
several departments were as follows:

EnroUmenl. Attendance.

In High School 78 75

Senior 85 83

Secondary 265 252

Primary 612 ' 585

In his report to the citizens of ZanesviHe, at
the close of this school year, (July, 1857), Mr.
Bigelow, then President of the Board of Educa-
tion, says: "We. (the Board), have endeav-
ored to secure the most competent teachers in
every department ; adopted the most approved
methods of teachiiTg : provided the necessary
appliances, and sought, by a rigid conformity to
the regulations, to make the internal working of
the schools in every way successful."

M. I). Leg(;ett, Superintendent. — At the
close of this school year, (July, 1857), Mr. Sam-
son resigned his position as Superintendent,
having filled that office a little over two years,
and having, with the co-operation of the Board
of Education, fully established the graded sys-
tem of schools, and witnessed its entrance upon
a career of popularity and usefulness. Mr. M.
D. Leggett was elected to succeed Mr. Samson,
at a salary of $1,200 per annum. In his first re-
port to the Board, made August 3, 1858, Mr.
Leggett thus justly compliments the work of his
predecessor: "In taking charge of the schools
at the beginning of the last school year, I found
a classification of scholars, and a course of study,
which, in their adapta,tion to th^ wa,uts of children,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1 23

their simplicity, their system, and thoroughness,
could hardly be equaled by any other system of
, schools with which I was acquainted. This
classification of courses of study is constantly
becoming more and more popular with the
patrons of the schools. * * * *

I think there are in the city very few patrons
of our schools who would be willing to have any
material ailteratibn made, either in the course of
study or classification."

Mr. Leggett remained in charge of the schools
till Jamiary, 1862, when he resigned his office
to accept the appointment of Colonel of the 78th
Regiinent, O. V. I.

' The condition of the schools at the close of the
year 1859-60, is indicated by the following sta-
tistics, taken from Superintendent Leggett' s an-
nual report for that year :

The number of schools sustained during the
year were as follows :

High School 1

Senior Schools ' 2

Secondary Schools..... 6

Primary Schools '. 12

Bural School 1

German School 1

Colored School 1

Total.

III which were employed the following number
of teachers :

Male Teachers

Female Teachers.

Total 38

In addition to the above, two night schools
were .sustained from the first of November to the
first of March, in which were eniployed four
teachers, two male and two female.
■ The following is the table of enrollment and
attendance in the several departments :

High School....,
iSenior Schools
Secondary Schools.

Enrollment.
109
204
418

Primary Schools.' 932

Kural Schools

German School

Colored School..

Night School

Total .

58
114
100
191

2126

Attendance.

93
159
360
644.

37 '

1505

The following was the schedule of salaries.

Superintendent of Instruction $1,600

Principal of High School 1,000

Principals of Districts 600

Senior, Secondary and Primary Teachers 300

Senior, Secondary and Primary Assistants 240

Assistants in High School $450 to 600

Superintendent Leggett's resignation was ac-
cepted January 7, 1862, and Mr. C. W. Chand-
ler, iPrincipal of the High School, was elected to
superintend the educational department, at a
salary of $1,000, and Mr. A. Fletcher, President
of the Board, was employed as financial agent;

salary, $300. This arrangement was continued
through the next school year, but the exigencies
of the times having made it the duty of the
Board of Education to exercise the strictest
economy, a reduction of the salaries of superin-
tendent, principals and teachers was made, of
from ten to twenty per cent.

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT SUSPENDED.

As a further measure of economy, at the close
of this school year, the office of Superintendent
was suspended.

During the period through which this suspen-
sion of the office of Superintendent was con-
tinued, no very full statistics of the schools were
kept. From the report of the President of the
Board, made in August, 1865, the following facts,
relating to the condition of the schools for that
year, are derived :

Number of pupils enrolled in all the schools 2,110

Ayerage daily attendance 1,289

There were employed seven male and twenty-
eight female teachers. The arrangement with
the Mclntire trustees, by which they paid all ex-
penses of the Mclntire school, had now continued
for nine years, and a new arrangement was en-
tered into with them, under a contract author-
ized by a special act oi the Legislature. This
act enabled the Mclntire trustees to con-
tract with the Board of Education far the tuition
of the " poor children " who would be entitled to
the benefit of the Mclntire fund under.the will of
Mr. Mclntire, and to pay to the Board of Educa-
tion such sum from the income of that estate as
in their judgment might be right and proper as
an equivalent for such tuition. Under this con-
tract, the Board has annually received from the
Mclntire trustees the sum of $8,000, and in ad-
dition to that, from $500 to $800 per year to
furnish books and clothing to destitute children.

At the close of the school year, in June, 1865,
Mr. C. W. Chandler, who had been Principal of
the High School since its establishment, inT855,
with the exception of one year in which he filled
the office of Superintendent, resigned his position,
and Mr. A. T. Wiles, who had been, for the
three years previous. Principal of .the. schools
of the Second District, was elected to that posi-
tion, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

The First Lady Principal. — The Pritici-
palship of the Third District, made vacant in
June, 1865, by the promotion of Mr. Wiles to
the Principalship of the High School, was filled
by the election of Miss Maria Parsons, who had
been for several years teacher of the senior
school in that district. This was the first in-
stance in the history of the Zanesville schools in
which a lady was placed in the responsible posi-
tion of Principal, and the innovation was re-
garded by many earnest friends of the public
schools with serious distrust. At the close of
the school year, however, the Board of Educa-
tion was so well satisfied with the i-esult of its ex-
periment that they applied the same policy to the
other two districts.

124

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

A. J. Wiles, Superintendent. — No further
change was made in the organization or man-
agement of the schools until the close of the
years 1869-70, when the office of Superintend-
ent of Instruction was restored, and Mr. A. T.
Wiles, who had served five years as Principal of
the High School, was elected to that office, at a
salary of $1,500 per annum, and Miss Margaret
Stultz, who had served for five years as assistant
■ in the High School, was made Principal of the
same, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

At the beginning of the school year, 1869-70,
the new school building on Marietta street,
known as the "Stemler" building, was com-
pleted and ready for occupation by the schools.
Later in the year, the Council purchased the
Presbyterian'Mission Sunday School building,on
Monroe street, and the Board opened in it a sec-
ondary school. •

The schools were all now accommodated in
buildings owned by the city, except the three
schools in the rooms rented of the Masonic Hall
Association.

In the summer of 1870, School District No. 9,
of Springfield township, including the un-incor-
porated village known as South Zanesville, was
annexed to the city. The Board of Education
assumed control of the two schools of that dis-
trict, and attached them, for the time being, to
the Third District of the city schools. In No-
vember of this year, the village of West Zanes-
ville was annexed to the city, adding four more
schools to the number already under control of
the Board. The teachers formerly in charge of
these schools were all re-employed by the city
Board of Education, and their salaries adjusted
to the schedule in force in the other city schools.
The schools of the Seventh and Eighth wards
were constituted the Fourth District, and placed
under the Principalship of Mr. David Harris,
who had been for many years teacher and Prin-
cipal of the West Zanesville schools.

In 1871, Orlando C. Marsh was First Assistant
of the High School, and Principal of the same
in 1871-72.

In May, 1872, the incorporated village of
Putnam was annexed to the city, constituting the
Ninth ward. The Board of Education assumed
only a nominal control of the schools of this
ward until the close of the school year, deeming
it best for their interest to make no attempt at
that time to adjust them to the system of the
other schools. By this annexation, seven schools
were added to the city school system. By the
three annexations just named, the area of the
city, and its population,were increased about one-
third, and the number of schools and teachers in
about the same ratio — the number of teachers
prior to these annexations being forty-five, and
immediately subsequent thereto, sixty.

During the year 1873, the City Council — at
the request of the Board of Education — erected
a commodious and substantial brick school
house, containing six rooms, in the Sixth ward,
one in the Seventh ward, containing four school
rooms, and an addition to the Eighth ward

school building, containing two school rooms.
The cost of these three improvements, with the
grounds upon which they were placed, was
about $30,000.

The School Funds. — Prior to 1839, the pub-
lic schools of Zanesville were operated under the
general school laws of the State. The first gen-
eral school law was enacted by the General As-
sembly of 1824-25. It provided for the election
of three directors for each school district, and
for a levy for school purposes of one-half a mill
on the dollar of taxable property. This law was
amended- in 1829 so as to authorize County Com-
missioners to. levy a school tax of three-fourths
of a mill. In 1836, the County Commissioners
were authorized to levy one and a half mills, and
in 1838 two mills. In 1839, ^^^ County Com-
missioners were -authorized to reduce the school
levy to one mill.

The special law for "The support and better
regulation of the schools of the town of Zanes-
ville," passed in 1839, ni^de no provision for a
levy by the Board of Education of a tax for
school purposes, but provided that the Town
Council should, upon requisition by the Board
pf Education, appropriate annually a sufficient
amount of funds to defray the contingent ex-
penses of the schools, for rent, fuel, repairs, &c.
The tuition fund was still raised under the pro-
visions of the general law.

The funds so obtained were not suflicient to
meet the requirements of the schools, and the
deficiency was made up by tuition fees, varying
in amount in different years.

There were, at this time, two school districts in
Zanesville township, outside the corporate limits
of the town, that shared equally with the borough
in the funds arising from taxation. In 1848, the
Board of Education of the town secured an
amendment to the law, whereby the taxable
property of the borough was made returnable
separate and apart from that in the township,
outside the borough.

In 1849, ^ ^^"^ w^^ enacted by the general As-
sembly for the "Support and better regulation of
public schools in cities and towns," the twelfth
section of which authorized Boards of Education
to determine the amount of tax to be levied for
all school purposes, except the purchase of sites
and the erection of buildings, provided that such
tax should not exceed four mills upon the dollar
of taxable property.

In 185 1, this section was, by special act, made
applicable to the city of Zanesville. This last
enactment relieved the City Council of the duty
of providing for the contingent expenses of the
schools, leaving with that body only the duty of
purchasing sites and erecting buildings. Under
the special law of 1839, modified by the several
amendments named above, the schools of Zanes-
ville were conducted until the enactment of the
present general school law.

Besides the amendments directly affecting the
law under which the schools of Zanesville were
conducted, it was further modified by provisions

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

125

contained in the City Charter, and subsequently
by those of the municipal code, as well as by
amendments of the general school law of the
State. These acts and amendments were so
conflicting and contradictory, and so inconsist-
ent with the original Zanesville school law of 1839,
that it became a very difficult matter to deter-
mine what were the legal rights and duties of the
Board of Education, and to what extent the pow-
ers of the City Council extended to the educa-
tional department of the city, and led to much
embarrassment in the relations of these two
bodies. These embarrassments have been re-
moved by the provisions of the general school
law of 1873, which vests the title of all property
formerly held by the City Council for school
purposes, in the Board of Education, and
authorizes the Board of Education to provide tor
tuitional and contingent expenses by the levy of
a tax not exceeding seven mills on the dollar of
taxable property, and, if necessary, to borrow
money upon bonds for the purchase of sites and
the erection of buildings.

In addition to the funds arising from taxation,
the Board of Education i-eceived from the Trus-
tees of the Mclntire estate, from' 1856 to 1865, a
sum sufficient to pay the expenses of the schools
taught in the Mclntire building, since which time
they have received annually, from the same
source, the sum of eight thousand dollars, up to
the close of the school year, July ist, 1880. And
the administrators have contributed funds for
clothing, etc., for the indigent children, amount-
ing to from five hundred to eight hundred dollars
per annum. The last contribution for this pur-
pose, for 1880, amounted to twelve hundred
dollars.

TEACHERS-1874-75.

High School — W. D. Lash, A.M., Principal.
Corner Main and Ninth streets — Mary C.
Moorehead, Assistant ; Rose A. Kerner, Assist-
ant; Z. M. Chandler, Teacher Commercial De-
partment.

District No. 1 — Miss Selene R. Chandler,
Principal.

Fourth Ward Building, Centre street, between
Seventh and Underwood — Senior School No. i,
Miss Roberta M. Hoge, teacher; Secondary
No. I, Mary J. Greaves, teacher ; Secondary No.
2, Clara Rishtine, teacher; Secondary No. 8,
Florence O. Baldwin, teacher ; Primary No., i,
Florence J. Cole, teacher,- Primary No. 2,
Eliza J. Harris, teacher.

Sixth Ward Building, Monroe street — Sec-
ondary School No. 12, Miss Florence McDill,
teacher; Primary No. 3, P. R. Stultz, teacher;
Primary No. 9, Elizabeth Griffiths, teacher ;
Primary No. 12, Ella Nutt, teacher; Primary
No. 23, Sarah Throckmorton, teacher.

Rural Building, Adamsville Road — Second-
ary School No. 10, Miss Lizzie H. Johns,
teacher; Primary No. 7, Hattie B. Johns,
teacher.

Dymond Building, Underwood street — Ger-

man-English School No. 4, Christine Arend,
teacher.

District No. 2. — Mrs. M. G. Hills, Principal.

Third Ward Building, corner of Seventh and
Harvey streets. — Senior School No. 2, Miss
Helen Printz, teacher ; Secondary No. 3, Mary
McMulkin, teacher ; Secondary No. 4, Mrs.
Leila C. Gibbs, teacher ; Secondary No. 9, Miss
Amanda A. Hilliard, teacher ; Primary No. 4,
Edith E. Hahn, teacher ; Primary No. 5, Mary
C. Shinnick, teacher.

Stemler Building, head of Marietta street. —
Primary School No. 6, Miss Sophronia L.
Stevens, teacher ; Primary No. 13, Maggie Green,
teacher;. Primary, No. 15, Ella C. Atkinson,
teacher.

Colored School Building, South Ninth street.
—Colored School, No. i, Mr. M. N. Brown,
teacher ; Colored School, No. 2, Miss Minnie A.
Self, teacher.

District No. 3 — Miss Fannie Burns, Prin-
cipal.

Mclntire Building, Corner of Filth and North
streets. — Senior School No. 3, Miss Lillie E.
Shinnick, teacher ; Secondary No. 6, Hattie W.
Guille, teacher; Secondary No. 5, Mary J. Hil-
liard, teacher; Secondary No. 7, Maggie M.
Parsons, teacher ; Secondary No. 11, Annie Du-
tro, teacher.

Masonic Building, corner of Fourth and Mar-
ket streets. — Primary School No. 8, Miss Liz-
zie McFadden, teacher ; Primary No. 10, Mary
Parsons, teacher; Primary No. 11, Alice V.
Drone, teacher.; German and English School
No. I, Mr. J. J. Bodner, teacher; German and
English School No. 2, Miss Lucretia J. Stultz,
teacher ; German and English School No. 3, La-
vina Printz, teacher.

District No. 4 — Mr. David Harris, Principal.

Moore Building. — Senior No. 4, and Sec. 14,
Miss Frank C. Thompson, teacher; Secondary
Sec. 15, Hannah M. Parsons, teacher; Second-
ary Sec. 16, Anna Gilded, teacher ; Primary
Sec. 17, Lizzie Fenstemaker, teacher; Primary
Sec. 18, Kate Buchanan, teacher ; Primary Sec.
24, Emma T. Gurley, teacher.

Hose Building. — Primary School No. 19, Mrs.
C. J. Ward, teacher.

Seventh Ward Building. — Secondary School
No. 13, Miss Sue M. Allen, teacher : Secondary
No. 19, Miss Charlotte W. Launder, teacher ;
Primary, No. 25, Miss Lizzie Patrick, teacher;
Primary, No. 26, Miss Mary A. Gallogly,
teacher.

District No. 5. — Miss Missouri Stonesipher,
Principal.

Madison street Building, between Putnam and
Moxahala avenue. — Senior School No. 5, Miss
S. A. Wilson, teacher; Secondary, No. 17,
Miss Mary Nesbaum, teacher; Secondary No.
18, Miss Mary N. White, teacher ; Primary No.
20, Miss Julia Brelsford, teacher.

126

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Woodlawn Avenue Building — Primarj'^ School
No. 21, Miss Augusta Ely, teacher; Primary
No. 22, Miss Kate S. Wiles, teacher.

Colored School Building, Cooper Mill road. —
Colored School No. 3, Mr. James A. Guy,
teacher.

Moxahala avenue. — Colored School No. 4,
MissMattie Carter, teacher.

Special Teachers. — Music, Elizabeth Stukz,
Lizzie Roper ; Penmanship, Jacob Schwartz.

TEACHERS-187e-77-78.

High School. — W. D. Lash, A.M., Principal.

' Corner Main and Ninth streets. — Z. M. Chan-
dler,' assistant; Mary C. .Moorehead, assistant;
Rose A. Keriier, assistant.

District No. i. — Miss Selknk R. Chandler,
Principal.

Fourth Ward Building, Centre street, between
Seventh and Underwood. — Senior School, No. i,
Miss Clara Rishtine, teacher ; Secondary No.

1, Lucretia J. Stultz, teacher; Secondary, No.

2, Florence A. McDill, teacher ; Primary, No. i,
Alice Searle, teacher ; Pi-imary No. 2, Florence
J. Cole, teacher ; Primary No. 3, Eliza J. Har-
ris, teacher.

Sixth Ward Building, Monroe street. — Sec-
ondary School No. 3, Miss Mary J. Hilliard,
teacher; Primary No. 4, Philena R. StUltz,
teacher; Primary No. 5, Elizabeth Griffiths,
teacher; Primary No. 6, Ella Nuft, teacher.

Rural Building, Adamsville road. — Secondary
School No. 4, Miss Lizzie H. Johns, teacher ;
Primary, No. 7, HattieB. Johns, teacher.

District No. 2. — Mrs. M.G. Hills, Principal.

Third Ward Building, corner of Seventh and
Harvey streets^— Seijior School, No. 2, Miss Hel-
en Printz, teacher ; Secondary, No. 5, Miss Hat-
tie W.- Guille, teacher ; Secondary, No. 6, Miss
Amanda Hilliard, teacher ; Primary, No. 8, Miss
iEdith E. Hahn, teacher ; Primary, No. 9, Miss
Mary C. Shinniek, teacher.

Stemler Building, head of Marietta street —
Primary, No. 10, Miss Sarah Throckmorton,
teacher; Primary, No. 11,' Miss Charlotte CHne,
teacher ; Primary, No. 12, Miss Ella C. Atkin-
son, teacher.

Colored School Building, South Ninth street —
Colored School, No. i, Mr. M. N. Brown,
teacher; No. 2, Miss Minnie A. Self, teacher.

District No. 3— Miss Fannie Burns, Principal.

: Mclntire Building, corner of Fifth and North
streets— Senior School:, No. 3, Miss Lillie E.
Shinniek, teacher; Secondary, No. 7, Miss An-
na Dutro, teacher; Secondary, N9. 8, Miss Al-
ice V; Drone, teacher; Primary, No. 13, Miss
Lizzie McFadden, teacher ; Primary, No. 14,
Miss Belle Brooks, teacher.

Masonic Building, corner of Fourth and Mar-
ket streets — Prirriary School, No. 15, Miss Mary
Parsons, teacher. German and English School,
No. I, Mr. J. J. Bodner, teacher; No. 2, Miss
Edith Geiger, teacher ; No. 3, Mrs. Emma Artz-

man, teacher; No. 4, Mrs. Christine Arend,
teacher.

District No. 4 — Mr. David Harris., Principal.

Moore Building — Senior School, No. .4, Miss
Sarah Wilson, teacher ; Secondary , No. 9,
Miss Hannah M. Parsons, teacher ; Secondary,
No. 10, Miss Anna Gildea, teacher ; Primary,
No. 16, Miss Barbette Bailey, teacher ; Primary,
No. 17, Miss Kate Buchanan, .teacher ; Primary,
No. 18, Miss. Emma T. Gurley, teacher.

Jackson Street Building — Primary School, No.
19, Mrs. C. J. Ward, teacher.

Seventh Ward Building — Secondary School,
No. 1 1 , Miss Sue M. Allen, teacher ;, Secondary,
No. 12, Miss Charlotte W. Launder, teacher;
Primary, No. 20, Miss Lizzie Patrick, teacher ;
Primary, No. 21, Miss Mary A. Gallogly,
teacher.

District No. 5 — Miss Missourl Stonesipher,
Principal.

Madison Street Building, between Putnam. and
Moxahala avenues — Senior School, No. 5, Miss
Mary McMulkjn, teacher ; Seconda:ry, No. 13,
Miss Mary Nesbaum, teacher ; Secondary, No.
14, Mrs. Letitia Howard, teacher; Pi-imary,.No.
22, Miss Julia E. Brelsford, teacher.

Woodlawn Avenue Building — -Primary School,
No. 23, Miss Kate Thomas, teacher; Primary,
No. 24, Miss Lizzie Roper, teacher.

Colored School Building, Cooper Mill Roa'd —
Colored School, No. 3, Mr. James A. Guy,
teacher.

Moxahala Avenue — Colored School, No., 4,
Miss Mattie Carter, teacher.

Special Teachers— Teacher of Penmanship,
Jacob Schwartz ; Teacher of Drawing, Miss
Gertrude L. Stone..

The Superintendent, A. T. Wiles, in his An-
nual Report for the School Year ending August
31st, 1876, sets forth the following : .

In addition to the above, there was received
from the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing
Company, $1,000.00, which was expended in the
purchase of books and clothing for indigent pu-
pils.'

To ascertain what our Public Schools actualty
cost the citizens of Zanesville,' it is necessaty to
note the following facts :

1st. That there was received from the Mcln-
tire estate the sum of $8,000.00.

2d. That there was received from the State
Common School Fund, including the Irreducible
School Fund, the sura of $9,095.56, while there
was paid by the city, into the State Common
School Fund, $7,406.44, leaving a balance- of
$1,689.12 received by the city more than, was
paid. . ■

3d. That there was received from tuition.fees
of non-resident pupils, the sum of $635, which,
as the instruction of these pupil's enters into, the
cost of the schools as given in the above state-
ment, should be taken as an abatement of that
cost.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

127

• 4th. That there was received from rent of the
dwelling on the Madison Street School lot, the
sum of $70.

These sums amount, in the aggregate, to $10,-
394.12, which, deducted from the $51,666.40,
leaves $41,272.28, as the actual amount paid by
the citizens of Zanesville, for school purposes,
during the year covered by this report.

It should be noted, also, that there was erected
and paid for, during the year, a new school-
house in the Eighth ward, costing $5,785.18. If
this amount, also, be deducted, there remains the
sum of $35,487.10, as the amount actually, paid
for the ordinary running expenses of the schools
for the year.

POPULATION.

By the Census of 1870, the population was as
follows :

Zanesville (old city) 10,011

Putnam (now Ninth ward) 2,050

West Zanesville (now Eighth ward)..... 1,744

South Zanesville (jiow Seventh ward), estim,ated 600

Total 14,405

In September, 1873, the census of the city was
taken by order of the City Council, showing the
population to be as follows :

Zanesville (old city) , 11,367

Ninth ward... 1,756

Eighth ward 2,041

SeVenth-ward 1,182

Total 16,346

The verage number of pupils
was as follows :

, Enrolled. E

In the High School 41

In the Senior Schools (exclusive

of Principals) 43

In the Secondary and Primary

Schools 51

In the German-English. Schools.. 51

In the Colored School 51

In all the Schools 50

to the teacher

onging

. Attending.

COST OF TUITION.

Cost of tuition (exclusive of supervision and
special teachers) on the whole number enrolled
was as follows :

In the High School : $ 23 50

In the Senior Schools 20 99

In the Secondary and Primary Schools 8 71

In the German-English Schools 10 59

In the Colored Schools 10 79

In all the Schools, including supervision and special

teachers , 17 93

The entire cost of the schools for the year cov-
ered by this report (exclusive of the cost of the
new building in the Eighth ward), was $1,877.18
less than the preceding year, and $7,088.98 less
than it was two years before. More recent ac-
tion of the Board will probably effect a further
reduction of the cost of the schools for the cur-
rent year, of about $4,000.

The whole number of teachers in charge of
school rooms last year, was fifty-eight, with an
average daily attendance of thirty-six pupils to
the teacher. If, by consolidation, this number
could have been increased to forty, the number
of teachers required would have been fifty-three.
If it could have been increased to forty-five, the
number of teachers required would have been
forty-seven. The Board has already moved in
this direction toward economy, but the move-
ment should be carried still farther. A compar-
ison of the cost of the schools in this and other
cities, shows that the cost of instruction here is
made proportionately greater, from this cause,
rather than from excessive salaries paid to teach-
ers.

No measure of economy is wise, which is cal-
culated to impair the efficiency of the schools.
Cheap schools are not, necessarily, the best
schools. It is, therefore, to the interior workings
of our schools, that I would call the attention
of the Board, and of the community. Visit and
examine them. Point out the defects, wherever
you find them, and, by your counsel, assist those
in charge in correcting them.

ENUMERATION, ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE.

Enumeration of youth of school age, 6 to 21 years

Total enrollment, 6 to 21 years of age

Per cent, of enrollment on enumeration.,.

Enumeration, over 16 years of age

" between 6 and 16 years ofjage

Number enrolled over 16 years of age

" " between 6 and 16 years of age

Per cent, of enrollment on enumeraotion, 6 to 16 years..

Average number belonging, (St. Louis Eule)

" daily attendance ;

Per cent, of average attendance on number belonging....

" « " " " total enrollment

" " '• " " " enumeration.,..

1870-71

4,032

2,231

800

3,232

115

2,116

1,669

1,567

1871-72

3,682

2,290

985

2,697

2,198

1,698

1,597

1872-73

4,757

2,797

1,468

3,296

154

2,643

2,143

1,993

1873-74

5,266

2,970

1,571

3,695

133

2,837

2,296

2,155

1874-75

5,370

3,063

1,714

3,656

148

2,915

2,325

2,160

1876-76

5,496

2,946

1,735

3,761

180

2,766

2,291

2,118

1876-77

■5,411

2,965

1,692

3,719

183

2,782

2,269

2,104

128

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

superintendent's annual report — 1877-78.

To the Board of Education of the City of Zanes-

ville, Ohio:

Gentlemen : — I submit the following, as the
Statistical Report of the Zanesville Public
Schools, for the year ending August 31, 1878:

Total enumeration of youth, September, 1876 5,411

" " " " 1877 5,439

This shows an increase in the school popula-
tion of the city of 28.

TEACHERS.

In the High School , 4

In the Senior School* 5

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 40

In the German-English School 4

In the Colored Schools 4

Special Teachers, — Writing, 1 ; Drawing 1; Total 2

Principals of Districts '. 5

Total.

..64

PUPILS.

Whole number of different pupils enrolled :

In the High School 140

In the Senior Schools 307

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 2152

In the German-English Schools 203

In the Colored Schools 206

Total enrollment 8008

Percent, of enrollment on enumeration 55

Average number of pupils belonging :

In the High School Ill

In the Senior Schools 247

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 1657

In the German-English Schools 177

In the Colored Schools 142

Total 2334

Average daily attendance :

•In the High School 104

In the Senior Schools 230

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 1602

In the German-English Schools 165

In the Colored Schools 134

Total 2235

Per cent, of average daily attendance on total
enrollment.

In the high School 74.2

In the Senior Schools • 74.9

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 7'l.7

In the German-English Schools 81.2

In the Colored Schools 65.6

In all the schools 74.3

Per cent, of average daily attendance on the
average number belonging.

In the High School 93.7

In the Senior Schools 93.1

In the Primary and Secondary Schools 96.6

In the Colored Schools 94.3

In all the Schools 95.7

Per cent, of attendance on enumeration 42.9

Number of pupils withdrawn 698

Per cent, of pupils withdrawn 23

Number cases of tardiness 1475

Number cases of corporal punishment 292

The average number of pupils to the teacher
are as follows :

JEJnroUed. Belonging.

In the High School 47 37 35

In the Senior Schools 61 49 46

In the Primary and Secondary
Schools 54

In the German - English

Schools 56

In the Colored Schools 52

In all the Schools 54

44
36
40

41
34
39

COSTS OF THE SCHOOLS.

For Tuition $34 154 25

For Contingent Expenses 9 246 35

Total Cost $43 400 60

Cost per pupil for tuition, (exclusive of super-
vision and special teachers).

On the nwmber Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.

High School $23 31 $29 27 $31 25

Senior Schools 18 U 22 51 24 18

Primary and Secondary

Schools 8 13 10 56 10 92

German-English Schools.... 10 22 11 72 12 57

Colored Schools 10 67 14 78 15 67

Cost per pupil for tuition, including surper-
vision and special teachers :

On the number Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.

All the Schools-. $11 35 $14 36 $15 28

Cost for pupils for contingent expenses, on the
number :

Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.

All the Schools $3 07 $3 91 $4 14

Total cost per pupil on the number :

Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.
All the Schools $14 42 $18 54 $19 42

Superintendent's Annual Report — 1878-79.

To the Board of Education of the City oj

Zanesville, Ohio :

Gentlemen — I herewith submit my first an-
nual report of the schools under your charge,
being the report for the school year ending
August 31, 1879:

enumeration.
The school enumeration taken in September,

1878, was 5,497. That taken in September,

1879, was 5,571. This shows an increase of 72
in the school population of the city.

The number enumerated between the ages of
6 and 16, was 3,728; the number between 16
and 21 years of age, was 1,769.

The following shows the number of schools
and teachers :

No. Schools. No. Teachers.

High School 1 5

Senior Schools 5 5

Secondary Schools 17 17

Primary Schools 25 25

German-English Schools 4 4

Colored Schools 5 3

Principals of Districts 5

Special Teachers (Musicl, Drawing 1,

Writing 1.) 3

Total.

..57

INTERIOR OF THE STORE OF H. C. WERNER, Main Street, Zanesville.

Henry C. Werner is the eldest son of the late
Hartman Werner, who landed in the cit}- of Balti-
more in 1842, a poor, friendless boy, with but limited
means, as reckoned by dollars and cents. Imbued
with a desire to better his condition, he soon found
himself in Wheeling, West Virginia. Not satisfied
with the opportunities there presented, he contin-
ued his journey to Zanesville, and opened a ."shoe
shop here soon after, commencing business on a
cash capital of less than one dollar. He worked
industriously at his trade, squaring his dealings
with the public by the unswerving laws of simple
honesty. By this course, in which he ever had the
sympathy and assistance of his wife, in a few years
he accumulated sufiBcient money to purchase prop-
erty on Main street. About the year 1860, he added
to his stock, goods from Eastern manufacturers, and
gradually the business grew until Werner's Shoe
Store took on the proportions of a leading commer-
cial enterprise.

In 1876, the two sons, Henry C. and Frederick
A., were admitted to a partnership, and this con-
tinued until the death of the father, in June follow-
ing. The firm then became H. & F. Werner, and
the two brothers continued the development so
auspiciously begun by their honored father, until

the house now ranks as one of the most stable and
enterpri.eine in the State of Ohio. On the 1st of
January, 1882. Henry C. Werner succeeded to the
ownership, his brother's impaired health compel-
ling him to seek another climate.

The magnificent store now occupied by Henry
C. Werner. No. 133 Main street, first door east of
the Court House, is one of the model wholesale and
retail emporiums of Eastern Ohio. The room has
a frontage of twenty-one feet, and extends back
one hundred and seventeen feet, the entire depth
of the Central Block, of which it forms a part.
Every variety and style of boots, shoes, slippers,
brogans, I'low-shoe." — in a word, everything known
to the domain of boot and shoe manufacture, is
shown in bound!e.ss profusion. The great salesroom
is admirably arranged for the personal comfort of
customers — carpeted, mirrored au'l supplied with
easy chairs, all in the height of elegance. At the
rear, on an elevated platform, is the office; on the
second floor are the shoemakers, for '"mending"
and "repairing" is a part of the business. The
large basement is full of reserve stock to be drawn
upon as necessity may require. The business of
the house, wholesale and retail, exceeds $100,000
annually.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

[29

The total enrollment last year was 3,008. This
year it is 3,103, being a gain of 95 pupils.
There is an increase of 36 in the high school, 97
in the primary and secondary schools, and 14 in
the colored schools ; and a decrease of 39 in the
senior schools, and 13 in the German-English
schools.

The per cent, of enrollment on the enumera-
tion was, for 1877-78, 55. For the present year,
it is 56.4.

The average daily attendance is 2,172, being
only 70 per cent of the number enrolled, and 90
per cent, of the number belonging. This is not
a good showing, being less than for several
years.

The following shows the per cent, of attend-
ance for the last nine years, on the number en-
rolled and the number belonging :

Years. Enrolled. Belonging.

1870-71 67 94

1871-72 70 94

1872-73 71 93

1873-74 73 94

1874-75 71 93

1875-76 72 92

1876-77 71 93

1877-78 74 95

1878-79 70 90

The prevalence of diptheria in certain parts of
the city, was the principal cause of the low per
cent of attendance. This affected more especi-
ally, the primary and secondary grades.

The attendance in the colored schools is very
poor, being only 57 per cent of the enrollment.

The following table shows the number of
pupils permanently withdrawn during the year,
and the number I'emaining at the close of the
year :

No. with- No. re- Per cent. No. cases of
dravm. maining. withdr'n. tardiness.

High School 43 133 24 223

Senior School 79 189 29 73

Primary and Secondary

School 646 1603 28 827

German-English Schools. 42 148 22 182

Colored Schools 106 114 48 132

Total 916 2187

151

1437

Of the 220 pupils enrolled in the colored
schools, 48 per cent, were withdrawn.

Number of cases of corporal punishment 178

Number of schools in which one case occurred 7

Number of schools in which no case occurred 24

The following shows the cost for pupils for
tuition (exclusive of supervision and special
teachers) on number enrolled, number belong-
ing, and number attending :

Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.

High School $2100 $25 51 $2713

Senior School 20 75 24 72 26 73

Primary and Second ary

Schools 8 37 10 74 12 06

German-English Schools... 10 92 13 65 14 82

Colored Schools 12 83 18 61 19 72

The cost per pupil for tuition, including cost
20

of supervision and special teachers, for contin-
gent expenses, and total cost per pupil, will be
seen from the following :

In all the schools, on number.

Enrolled. Belonging. Attending.

For Tuition $12 06 $15 51 $17 24

For Contingent Expenses... 3 87 4 97 5 53

Total cost per pupil $15 93 $20 48 $22 77

The expense attending the opening of a
colored high school, the employment of a special
teacher of music, and other additional teaching
force, cause an increase in the expenditures for
tuition over that of last year, to the amount of
$3,314-38.

There is also an increase in the amount ex-
pended for contingent expenses.

The total increase in the amount expended for
schools, is $4,066.72.

Respectfully submitted,
W. D. Lash, Superintendent.

superintendent's annual report, 1879-80.

To the Board of Education of the City of

Zanesville, Ohio:

Gentlemen — I respectfully submit the follow-
ing report of our public schools for the year
ending August 31, 1880:

According to the census of 1880, the popula-
tion of the city is 18,237.

The school enumeration, taken September,
1879, ^^^ 5'57i- That taken September, 1880,
is 5,782. This shows an increase of 211 in the
school population of the city :

Number of different pupils enrolled during the year 3,144

Average monthly enrollment 2,521

Average number belonging 2,486

Average daily attendance 2,283

Number of class teachers 61

Number of teachers not in charge of rooms 1

Number of principals 6

Number of special teachers 2

Whole number of teachers 70

Per cent, of enrollment on enumeration 56.4

Per cent of attendance on enrollment 69.4

Per cent of attendance on number belonging 92

Local levy for school purposes 3.8 mills.

In reviewing the work of our schools for the
last year, it is gratifying to be able to report some
progress. Our schools have increased in num-
ber, as to both pupils and teachers. There has
been improvement in the attendance, in the dis-
cipline, in the character, and in the mode of in-
struction. In general, teachers of all grades
have labored with a zeal and diligence that are
in every sense commendable. With rare excep-
tions, teachers have been devoted to their work,
and the results of their labor have been quite
satisfactory. In some cases the success attained
has not been commensurate with the labor, owing
to the inexperience of teachers, or their want of
adaptation to the work. The want of the proper
co-operation on the part of parents with the
teachers, in some instances has not tended to
produce good results, the pupils being allowed

I30

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

to absent themselves from school without any
reasonable excuse.

VISITS.

During the school year just closed, I made
725 official visits to the school, including schools
of all grades, giving attention to their organiza-
tion, to the discipline, to the instructions, and to
all matters pertaining to the curriculum of the
schools.

The course of study and the work of each grade
have been made subjects of careful study. Some
changes have been made in the course of study,
which, it is believed, will be productive of good
results.

The principals of the different school districts
have given close and careful attention to the
schools under their immediate control, having
made, during the year, 1,453 visits to them.
One hundred and eight visits^ were made by the
members of the Board of Education.

It is a matter of regret that the pati'ons of the
schools do not visit them oftener. Their interest,
manifested by their frequent visits, would great-
ly encourage both teachers and pupils.

As parents and teachers are both directly in-
terested in the education of the pupils, there
should exist between them the proper under-
standing in all matters pertaining to the school.

It is hoped that parents will show their inter-
est by more frequent visits.

ATTENDANCE.

The per cent, of attendance on the average
number belonging, is 92. In this item, I am able
to report an improvement on last year, the per
cent, for last year being 90.

TRUANCY.

There were 348 cases of truancy reported dur-
ing the year. This is a subject in which all per-
sons are interested. The evils of truancy, idle-
ness, and youthful vagrancy, are not felt in the
school room only ; they are widespread, and af-
fect all grades of society.

On this subject, allow me to quote the following
remarks of J. M. B. Sill, of Detroit:

"This matter demands immediate attention by
all friends of education, and of good order.
Reckless and vicious boys, truants from school,
infest the streets in many quarters of the city, en-
ticing from better surroundings, those otherwise
well disposed, and forming, in eflect, organiza-
tions for the training of future criminals and
pests to society. Unless some, means can be de-
vised to bring such persons under better influ-
ences, the good effect of all our efforts in the di-
rection of free education will be largely neutral-
ized and lost. This element is one whose
growth is, from the nature of things, cumulative
to an unfortunate extent, each addition to its
strength increasing in a fearful ratio its power
for harm. Cannot something be done to limit its
harmful influence, and its dangerous growth?

"The census enumerators were instructed to
make a careful record of all persons of school age
who attend any school other than the public
schools of our city, and of those engaged as help,
or are in business. They i-eport 481 who attend

some other school than our public schools, and
981 who are engaged as help or are in business.
Our reports show that 3,144 are enrolled in our
schools, thus leaving about 1,000 persons of
school age accounted for, either as pupils attend-
ing any school, or as persons engaged in any
employment. All of this number are not va-
grants. But a large per cent, of the number may
be classed as such. Do we need a compulsoiy
law that will be "operative?"

EXAMINATIONS AND PROMOTIONS.

Six regular examinations are held during the
year, one at the middle of each term, and one at
the close of each term. The examinations at the
close of the term cover the work of the term. A
record of these examinations is kept, and helps
to form the data upon which the pupil is promot-
ed. The annual examination, held in June, is on
the year's work. In determining the pupil's fit-
ness for promotion, more stress is placed upon
this examination. The Superintendent, assisted
by the principals, prepares the examination
questions, and grades the papers. These papers
are generally veiy neatly prepared by the pupils,
after a form with which they are familiar. Neat-
ness in their preparation in all cases is insisted
upon.

Promotions are made annually, and, although
this plan is open to objection, it is believed to woi-k
the best in a city like ours. It is true, that the
pupil who fails to gain his promotion may lose a
year's time, and, in some instances, lose his in-
terest and drop out of school. Such cases, how-
ever, are not of frequent occurrence. Perhaps
as many pupils leave school from being over-
worked, or from being promoted when not pre-
pared for promotion, as do from failure of promo-
tion. Being unable to do the work of the higher
grade, discouragement overtakes them, and they
give up altogether.

There are various causes of failure of promo-
tion. Some are physically unable to do the work
of their grade. The school work which such pu-
pils are required to do should be verj- light.
Their health being the first consideration, their
failures to make the higher grades should be re-
garded as blessings. Some pupils are mentally
unable to do the work, their minds not being
sufficiently matured to comprehend the studies
pursued in the grade. These are greatly bene-
fited by the review.

Failures arise from indifference to school work
on the part of pupils, and, in spite of all the encoui-
agement and assistance given them, habitual
truants fail. Irregularitj- in attendance during
the different terms causes a large percentage 01
the failures. Every absence from school lessens
the probabilities of promotion. The most ti'ival
excuses are sufficient to keep some children from
school. Many of the excuses presented are
worthless as excuses. They are accepted by the
teachers, the explanation of what is a "satisfac-
tory excuse" as intended in the rule of the Board
on this subject, never having been very clearly
understood by them. It is hoped that parents
will not keep their children from school except

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

i3f

when it is positively unavoidable, and that they
will send written excuses to that effect.

READING.

The character of the work done by pupils and
teachers during the school year, may be ascer-
tained, to a great extent, from the condition of
the schools at the close of the year. If they have
been earnest and faithful, their work will be
manifest in the progress they have made in their
studies. I am sure that a review of the work of the
past year will show progress in the studies taught
and improvement in the methods of instruction.

In the teaching of Reading there is improve-
ment. The course has been so shortened that
more time may be given to the subject matter of
the lessons read, and that supplementary reading
matter may be introduced. The object not only
to make good readers of our pupils in the or-
dinary acceptation of the term, but to develop in
them a love of reading, to acquaint theen with
good authors, and to direct them, as far as is pos-
sible, in the selection of good reading matter.

In the Senior B grade, no Reader is used. In
its place a book of selections from our best Amer-
ican authors is in daily use. Some attention is
given to the life of the author, but the selections
from his writings are made subjects of careful
study. While oral reading is not discontinued,
special attention is given to the study of the lan-
guage of the selections, to learning how to read,
and how to comprehend what is being read.

It is hoped that the methods introduced will re-
sult in making better general readers of our pu-
pils, and in inducing them to read and to love the
literature of good authors, rather than the trashy
matter offered them at the common news-stands.

LANGUAGE.

Closely related to the study of Reading, is that
of Language and Composition. We are aiming
to teach the pupils of the lower grades language
proper, rather than technical grammar. Lan-
guage being of little value. unless it can be used
readily, our course is arranged to give pupils
practical lessons in its use, both in oral and in
written work. In addition to the regular lessons
from the book used in these grades, the every
day reading lesson is made a language lesson,
so far as the time will allow. In fact it is our aim
to make the entire school work contribute direct-
ly to clearness of thought and accuracy of ex-
pression. In the higher grades, attention is
given to the study of analysis and technical gram-
mar. The development of the sentence, and
construction exercises in the use of subject and
predicate, and their immediate modifications, ac-
company the work in the study of etymology.
We endeavor to establish amicable relations be-
tween these studies and the practical study of
composition, by regular exercises in written work.

SPECIAL BRANCHES.

The progress made in the study of Writing
and Drawing, and in Music, under the super-
vision of special teachers, is as satisfactory as caii
be expected, owing to the limited time given them
Four lessons per week, of 25 minutes each, are
given to Writing, 3 to Drawing, and 3 to Music.

An inspection of our schools will show that
very marked progress is being made in the
study of Music. Pupils are not only learning
to sing, but are learning to read music at sight,
with great readiness.

HIGH SCHOOLS.

Our High School is well patronized, the enroll-
ment for the year i878-'79 being 176 and that for
the year i879-'8o 173. The per cent, of daily at-
tendance for i878-'79, 93 ; for 1879-80, 94.

Our tables show that the attendance dur-
ing the last tei^m of the school year is lower than for
the other two terms. Many boys leave the school
to engage in various employments. Forty-six pu-
pils were permanently withdrawn. The induce-
ments to leave school and "go into business" are
very great, and, to many, irresistible.

If the educated man makes the better citizen,
if, in consequence of his education, he is better
prepared to fulfill the purposes of life, it is certain-
ly a loss to a community to have its boys and
girls forego the advantages for higher education,
which our High Schools afford.

In June, 1879, nboys and 17 girls graduated
from our High School, and in June, 1880, 10
boys and 24 girls received diplomas, besides a
number who completed the book-keeping course,
receiving certificates to that effect.

Two years ago, a colored High School was or-
ganized, for the benefit of those of our colored pu-
pils who might desire to pursue the higher
branches of study. The courses of study, adopt-
ed for the white High School, were adopted for
this school. Eight pupils are now pursuing the
English course, doing the same work and taking
the same test examinations that are taken by the
corresponding classes in the white High School.
It is hoped that the number of pupils, will be
largely increased.

The proper apparatus, and better accommoda-
tions, are needed, and, doubtless, will be furnish-
ed whenever the number in attendance will justi-
fy the Board in doing so.

COURSE OF STUDY.

The attention of the Board is called to our
course of study, to the amount of work required
of the pupils, and to the time given to that work.

The following are the studies of the Secondary
schools ; Reading, Spelling, Written Arithme-
tic, Mental Arithmetic, Language, Geography,
Music, Writing and Drawing, nine in all. To
the three special studies, the time of two recita-
tions is given, thus reducing the number of reci-
tations to eight each day; Allowing ten minutes
for roll call, ten minutes for the interchange of
classes, and fortj'' minutes for the two recesses,
as required by the rule, there remain five hours,
or 300 minutes for study and recitation, or 37
minutes in which to study and recite each lesson.

This is little time enough for any one of the
studies ; for the greater number, the time is en-
tirely too short. Some of these lessons cannot
be prepared in the 37 minutes ; neither can they
be properly recited in less than that time. The
result is either an imperfectly pi'epared lesson, or
one imperfectly recited. Experience proves that,

132

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

in the attempt to do both, neither is well done.
The result is poor scholarship. Thorough work
is impossible. The course embraces many
studies and much work in each. Too much is re-
quired of our pupils in the time given in the
course of study. There are three remedies :

1. Lessen the work to be done by omitting
something from a part, or all of the studies, or by
dropping one or more of them altogether.

2. Add one year to the present course, mak-
ing it a course of nine years.

3. Shorten the work of the present course, and
establish an intermediate grade, between the
present senior grades and the first year of the
High School course.

Pupils enter the High School too young. Their
minds are not sufficiently mature to comprehend
the subjects taught there. Were they to receive
one more year's drill before taking up the work
of the High School course, th'ey would be much
better prepared in every sense, to do that work
thoroughly. They would leave the school better
scholars, and better prepared to enter upon any
professional course of study, or to engage in any
employment. Many pupils, for various reasons,
have "outgrown" the senior grades of our schools,
but are not prepared to enter the High School.

The result is, they are becoming men and women
without that educational training to be derived
from attendance upon our schools. An interme-
diate grade, as recommended, could give such
pupils an opportunity for continuing their studies,
or fit them for the High School proper. Very little
expense would attend the establishment of such
a school.

COST OF THE SCHOOLS.

The total cost of the schools for the year just
closed, was $44,605.01, being $4,862.31 less than
for the year i878-'79. There was a reduction in
the expenditures, both for tutition and for contin-
gent expenses.

The cost per pupil was $19.51, on the average
daily attendance ; $3.24 less than it was last year.

In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge the offi-
cial and personal assistance and courtesy tender-
ed me by the members of the Board, and all with
whom I have had official relations. My thanks
are due the teachers, for the kind and cheerful
manner in which they have aided me and per-
formed the work assigned to thern. I hope the
same support and confidence may be continued
during the school year upon which we have just
entered. Respectfully submitted,

W. D. Lash, Sup't.

TABLE SHOWING ENUMERATION AND ATTENDANCE FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS.

Enumeration of youth between 6 and 21 years

Toial enrollment, 6 to 21 years of age

Per cent, of enrollment on enumeration

Enumeration of youth over 16 years of age

Enumeration of youth between 6 and 16 years

Number enrolled over 16 years

Number enrolled between 6 and 16 years

J'er ct. of enrollment on enumeration between 6 and 16..

Average number belonging

Average daily attendance

Per ct. of average attendance on number belonging

Per ct. of average attendance on total enrollment

Per ct. of average attendance on inumeration

„^

I 10

t~-

•^

i>-

■^

r-i

'"'

f-t

T— (

1-1

'"'

I— I

4,032

3,682

4,757

5,266

5,370

5,496

5,411

5,439

5,497

2,231

2,290

2,797

2,970

3,063

2,946

2,965

3,008

3,103

800

985

1,468

1,571

1,714

1,735

1,692

1,740

1,769

3,232

2,097

3,296

3,695

3,656

3,761

3,719

3,699

3,728

115

154

133

148

180

183

134

2,116

2,198

2,643

2,837

2,915

2,766

2,782

2,874

3,015

1,669

1,698

2,143

2,296

2,325

2,291

2,269

2,334

2,413

],567

1,597

1,993

2,155

2,160

2,118

2,104

2,235

2,172

. 72

39.5

5,571

3,144

1,586

3,985

129

3,015

2,486

2,283

TABLE SHOWING COST OF THE

SCHOOLS FOR THE

LAST TEN YEARS.

COST OF TIIK SCHOOLS.

1870-71.

1871-72.

1872-73.

1873-74.

$38,171 62
15,598 58

1874-75.

1875-70.

1870-77.

i,i4,3ill lO
K,:l!l7 92

if42,747 92

1877-78.

1878-79.

1879-80.

Tuitlcm

Contingent Expenses

S27,970 01
10,840 24

$25,583 14
7,238 57

$37,392 Si
13,127 70

$39,074 00
9,484 40

$48,558 40

$38,250 00
7.744 55

$45,894 55

S3J,154 00
0,246 35

$43,400 35

«37,448 03
12,018 09

$4 ',467 32

$34,372 51
10,232 50

Total Cost

«.-i8,810 25

$32,821 71

$50,520 54

$63,770 20

Jll,605 01

COST PER IM'I'IL Foil TUITION.

1870-71 .

1871-72.

1872-73.

1873-74

1874-75.

1875-76.

1876-77.

1877-78.

1878-79.

1879-80.

$12 09
IB 7,5
17 85

$11 IS

15 07

16 02

$13 87

17 35

18 25

$12 77

16 51

17 59

$12 76
16 76
18 09

$12 95
16 70
18 06

$11 59

15 14

16 33

$1 1 .35
15 41
15 28

$12 06
14 85
17 24

$10 93
13 09
15 03

Average Monthly Enrollment

" Daily Attendance ...

COST PEE PUPIL FOR CONTl.VGENI E.\-P1!.'4SES.

1870-71.

1871-72.

1872-73.

187M-74.

1874-75.

1875-76.

1876-77.

1877-78.

1878-79.

1879-81'.

Total Enrollment

Average Enrollment

" Attendance

So U
6 22
6 08

$3 20
4 26
4 53

$4 69
6 12
6 59

$5 25

6 79

7 24

$3 10
4 08
4 39

$2 63
3 38
3 68

$2 83
3 711
3 99

$3 07
J 60
4 14

$3 87

4 75

5 53

$3 25

3 89

4 48

TOTAL COST PER PUPIL.

1870-71.

1871-72.

1872-73.

1873-74.

1874-75.

1875-76.

1876-77.

1877-78.

1878-79.

1879-80.

Totiil Enrollment

Average Enrollment

" Attendance

817 23
22 97
24 53

$14 33

19 33

20 55

$18 06

23 47

24 86

$18 02

23 30

24 83

$15 86
20 84
22 48

$15 58

20 08

21 72

$14 42
18 84
20 32

$14 42
16 91
19 41

$15 91
19 60

22 77

$14 18
16 99
19 SI

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

133

From the foregoing extracts, it will be seen
that the Zanesville public schools of to-day are
eminently adapted to their purpose. The march
of improvement has been onward from the begin-
ning. A review of the School Boards, found at
the close of this article, will reveal to the student
of our past and present history that the members
have been selected, with but few exceptions, for
their special adaptation to the work committed
to them ; and it will be a proud satisfaction to
find that each has done what he could for the
cause of education. It is owing to this fact that
the present worthy Superintendent has been able
to make the grand showing found in his report
for the school years ending August 31, 1878,
August 31, 1879, ^"*^ August 31, 1880. • The effi-
ciency of the Board of Education will be more
apparent, perhaps, when their mode of pro-
cedure is stated, and as it cannot be condensed
to advantage, it is added in full, with some of
the other important data in the report.

BEGULATIONS POE, GOVERNMENT OF SCHOOLS.
THE BOAUD OF EDUCATION.

1. Organization — The Board shall meet
on the third Monday in April, in each year, and
after the members elect have been duly qualified,
organize by the election of a President and
Clerk.

The President shall appoint the following
standing committees :

1. A Committee on Claims.

2. on Discipline.

3. on Supplies.

4. on Course of study and Text

Books.

5. on Buildings and Repairs.

6. on Teachers.

7. on Sites.

8. on Furniture.

9. on Boundaries.

10. on High School.

11. on German Schools.

12. on Law.

13. on Rules and Regulations.

14. on Salaries and Expenses.

15. on Music.

2. Regular Meeting — The regular meet-
ings of the Board of Education shall be held on
alternate Monday evenings during the year, be-
ginning with the second Monday after organiza-
tion.

At each meeting the Board shall be called to
order at the hour fixed by resolution, and the
Clerk shall record the names of the members
present.

3. Order of Business — At regular meet-
ings, the business shall be disposed of in the
following order :

1. Reading and approval of the minutes of
previous meeting.

2. Report of the Clerk on the state of ac-
counts.

3. Report of the Superintendent on condition
of schools.

4. Reports of Standing Committees.

5. Repoi-ts of Special Committees.

6. Consideration of accounts.

7. Communications received and acted upon.

8. Miscellaneous business.

And such order shall not be departed from ex-
cept by the consent of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present.

4. Committees shall report on any matter re-
ferred to them at the regular meeting next suc-
ceeding such reference ; but further time may be
allowed by the Board.

5. Claims against the Board maybe presented
at any regular meeting, and shall lie over till the
next regular meeting ; and no account or bill
shall be paid until after the same shall have been
examined and approved by the Committee on
Claims.

6. The Board will not be responsible for the
payment of any debts contracted on their ac-
count, or for the fulfilling of any contracts for
supplies or repairs, except those made by the
proper committee.

7. Specials meetings of the Board may be
called by the President, or any two members,
but no business shall be transacted at any such
meeting except that for which it was called.

The government of the Board shall be ac-
cording to Cushing's Manual, so far as it may be
applicable to a body of this kind.

THE superintendent.

A Superintendent of Instruction shall be
elected at the close of each school year, whose
duty it shall be :

1. To visit each of the schools of the city as
often as may be practicable or necessary, giving
attention to its organization, discipline and in-
struction, directing the teachers, from time to
time, to make such changes, not contrary to
adopted rules, as shall seem best calculated to
give greater efficiency to the school.

To carefully observe the government, mode of
instruction and general conduct of each teacher ;
and whenever he shall doubt his or her efficiency
or fitness, to repoi^t the same promptly and plain-
ly to the Board of Education.

2. To hold meetings of all the teachers, once
in four weeks, on Saturdays, from 9 to 12 o'clock
a. m., for the purpose of giving instructions or
direction to the teachers in relation to the dis-
charge of their duties, assigning to the princi-
pals and special teachers such duties in connec-
tion therewith as he may deem necessary to
secure the object of such meetings.

3. To hear and decide all cases of discipline
which may be referred to him by the principals ;
which decision shall be binding upon teacher
and pupil, unless reversed, upon appeal, by the
Committee on Discipline or the Board of Educa-
tion.

4. To devise a system of blanks for registers
and reports, have charge of their distribution to
teachers and return by them, and prescribe to
teachers rules for keeping them.

5. To see that the regulations of the schools

134

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

are uniformly and faithfully observed and exe-
cuted in all the departments of the schools, that
registers are kept and reports made by the
teachers with care, neatness and uniformity.

6. To report in writing at the end of each
term, or whenever required by the Board, giving
a detailed statement of the condition and pros-
pects of the schools, and recommending such
measures for their improvement as he may deem
advisable, and to make an annual report as soon
as practicable after the close of the school
year.

7. To furnish to the Clerk of the Board such
statistics relating to the membership, attendance
and instruction of the schools, as may be re-
quired for his annual report to the State School
Commissioner.

8. To conduct all examinations of pupils for
promotion from one grade of the schools to an-
other, and to examine and grant cards of ad-
mission to all applicants who have not before
been members of the schools.

9. To inform the Board of any supplies or re-
pairs that may be needed.

10. To keep himself and the Board informed
in regard to the school systems of other cities,
their plans of organization, modes of govern-
ment, methods of instruction, and such other
matters as may assist the Board to legislate
wisely for the highest interests of the schools,
and, for this purpose, to effect the best possible
arrangement for a permanent exchange of re-
ports between this and other School Boards.

] I. To fill, with the concurrence of the Com-
mittee on Teachers, all vacancies occasioned by
the temporary illness or necessary absence of
teachers, and to make other temporary arrange-
ments relative to the schools, which he may
deem proper, and report the same to the Board
at its first subsequent meeting.

12. To keep regular office hours each day of
the week, except Sunday, giving due notice
thereof to the teachers and the public.

THE PRINCIPALS.

1. The principals shall be in attendance at
their respective school buildings at twenty min-
utes before the time for opening school for each
half day's session, shall have a general super-
vision of the grounds, buildings, and appurte-
nances of the schools, and shall be held respon-
sible for the neatness and cleanliness of the
premises, and whenever any repairs are neces-
sary, shall give notice thereof to the Superin-
tendent.

2. They shall have supervision of the pupils
during the recesses and other times of relaxation,
calling upon the teachers for any assistance and
assigning to them any duties in relation thereto
that may be necessary in order to secure the
proper deportment of the pupils at such times.

3. They shall keep a general register, in
which they shall record the name, name of par-
ent or guardian, age and residence of each pu-
pil in their respective districts, and shall make
out at the close of the school year a consolidated

repoi-t of all the schools in their respective dis-
tricts, according to the blanks furnished by the
State School Commissioner.

4. They shall visit the schools of their respec-
tive districts as often as their duties may permit,
see that the directions of the Superintendent and
the regulations of the Board are faithfully ob-
served, and in every way possible co-operate
with the Superintendent in advising the teachers
as to the best methods of government and in-
structing their schools ; and shall report to him
any delinquencies or failures on the part of
teachers.

5. They shall assist the Superintendent in con-
ducting the examination of pupils for promotion
from one 'grade of the schools to another.

6. They shall each, within one week after the
commencement of each term, furnish the Su-
perintendent with a programme of the daily ex-
ercises in all the schools under their charge.

7. They shall hold district teachers' meetings
as often as once in two weeks, for the purpose
of conferring with their teachers on an}' matters
coming under their jurisdiction as principals.

8. They shall be governed by all the rules of
Section IV, so far as they are applicable to them
as teachers.

TEACHERS.

1 . No person shall be allowed to enter upon
the duties of a permanent teacher in any of the
public schools, who shall not first have passed a
satisfactory examination and received a certifi-
cate thereof from the Board of Examiners.

2. The teachers of the public schools shall be
elected by the Board of Education, annually,
before the close of the schools for the summer
vacation, and shall hold their positions for one
year, unless sooner removed by the Board.
Provided, that the marriage of anj^ female teacher
while in the employ- of the Board, shall be con-
sidered equivalent to a resignation.

The Committee on Teachers shall report their
nominations for the ensuing year at the last reg-
ular meeting in Ma} ,, which report shall lie over
for two weeks.

3. It shall be the diit}- of the teachers to make
themselves familiar with all the school regula-
tions, and to co-operate with the Board in such
measures as will best secin-e their observance.

4. Pvuch teacher is required to have a copy of
the regulations at all times in his or her school
room, and to read to the scholars, at least once
each term, so much of the same as will give
them a just understanding of the rules by which
they are to be governed.

5. Teachers shall have the immediate care of
their respective school rooms, and be held re-
sponsible for the preservation of all furniture and
apparatus thereto belonging ; they shall also co-
operate with the Principal in securing good order
and neatness in the halls and about the school
premises.

6. Teachers shall pay careful attention to the
warming and ventilating of their school rooms.
They shall ventilate their school rooms by low-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

135

ering the upper sashes (except in warm, sum-
mer weather, when the windows may also be
opened from .below,) taking special care, how-
ever, that children be not allowed to sit in cur-
rents of cold air. At recess the teacher shall in
all cases see that a proper supply of fresh air is
admitted into the room.

7. Teachers shall be in attendance at their re-
spective school rooms, and open the same, for
the reception of pupils, at least twenty minutes
before the opening of each half day's session.
They shall report their own tardiness to their re-
spective principals, and to the Superintendent,
stating the number of minutes so lost.

Any teacher who, from sickness, or other suf-
ficient cause, shall be detained from his or her
school, shall send notice of such detention to the
office of the Superintendent, at least one hour
before the time for opening school.

8. Teachers shall attend the meetings provided
for in Section II, Rule 2, any special meetings
called by the Superintendent, and no excuse for
absence therefrom will be allowed, other than
would justify absence from a regular ses-
sion of the schools.

9. The Superintendent may, at his discretion,
grant permission to any teacher to visit any of
the public schools of the city for the purpose of
observing the modes of instruction and discip-
line pursued therein.

***** * *

And other judicious requirements, that for ob-
vious reasons are not given in this chapter.

PUPILS.

1. All unmarried youth, of proper age, not
connected with the schools, may be admitted on
the first day of each month, but at no other time,
unless for special and satisfactory reasons ; pro-
vided, that no such pupil shall be admitted at
any time without a card of admmission, signed
by the Superintendent, and if the pupil be a non-
resident, endorsed by the President of the Board.

2. Non-residents may be admitted by paying
to the President of the Board, by the term, in ad-
vance, tuition at the following rates : Primaiy
Schools, 30 cents per week ; Secondary Schools,
37I cents per week ; Senior Schools, 45 cents
per week ; High School, 60 cents per week.

3. No pupil shall be received, or continued in
school, known to be affected with a contagious
or infectious disease, or coming from a family
where such disease prevails ; and no pupil shall
be admitted who does not exhibit to his teacher
satisfactory evidence of having been vaccin-
nated.

4. Pupils absent for more than three days at
the beginning of a term, will not be considered
members of the school, nor will their seats be
retained for them, unless they notify the teacher
of their intention to return, and render satisfac-
tory excuse for their absence.

5. To secure their continuance in school, pu-
pils are required to attend school regularly and
punctually, to conform to all the rules of the
school, to be obedient and respectful to their

teachers, kind and courteous to their schoolmates,
studious in preparing their lessons, and attentive
in reciting them, to observe good order and pro-
priety of deportment, to refrain, entirely, from
the use of profane language, to be neat and clean
in person, and to abstain from the use of tobacco,
in any form, while on or about the school prem-
ises.

6. Pupils, in case of absence, or tardiness,
shall render to the teacher a satisfactory excuse,
which the teacher may require to be presented
in writing, signed by the parent or guardian.

7. Any pupil who has been absent three suc-
cessive days, and has not notified his teacher of
the cause of such absence, and of his intention
to return, shall be considei^ed as withdrawn from
school, and shall not be re-admitted without a
card of admission from the Superintendent.

8. Any pupil, who, from irregularity of at-
tendance, or want of industry, has fallen behind
his class, may be transferred, at the discretion of
the Principal, to one of lower grade.

9. Any pupil who shall injure or deface the
school buildings, furniture, fences, or out-houses,
shall be required to repair such injury or de-
facing.

10. Pupils shall not be allowed to attend the
examinations of other schools, without the con-
sent of the Superintendent.

1 1 . No pupil shall be allowed to leave school
before the close of school hours, except at the
written request of the parent or guardian, or for
some urgent reason, of which the teacher shall
be the judge.

12. Pupils shall not be allowed to assemble
about the school premises at unreasonabl-e hours,
before the commencement of school, nor to re-
main after the dismissal of the same.

13. Pupils shall not be allowed to climb upon
the fences, trees, or out-buildings, belonging to
the schools, nor to sit in the windows of the
school rooms or halls.

14. Any pupil who is disobedient to the rules
of the schools, or has been guilty of any gross
immorality, or has absented himself from any
examination, shall be referred to the Superin-
tendent.

15. Pupils whose depoi^tment has been such
that their teachers cannot sign their certificates
of good character, may be promoted on trial, by
the Superintendent.

16. All pupils must be promptly furnished
with the books and stationery necessary for their
school work.

17. Any pupil who shall biding, or bear, fire-
arms, of any description, upon any of the school
premises, shall be immediately referred to the
Superintendent, and by him suspended from
school.

BOUNDARIES OF DISTRICTS.

1. The High, German, and Colored, School
Districts, embrace the city of Zanesville.

2. The First District includes all that part of
the city lying north of Market street, and east of
Cypress alley. Pupils living within these bounds

136

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

shall attend the Mclntire Schools, Nos. 4, 5,6,
and 7.

It is especially provided, that pupils living with-
in the following bounds, viz. : North of Mill Run,
to Fox's slaughter house, thence, across said
run, taking in a few families which are on the
south side of it, under the hill, shall attend Mc-
lntire School No. 6.

3. The Second District includes all that part
of the city lying south of Market street, and east
of Sewer alley. The pupils living within these
bounds shall attend the schools in the Third
Ward and Stemler buildings.

4. The Third District includes all that part
of the city lying west of Cypress alley, and north
of Market street to Sewer alley, and west of
Sewer alley to the river. Pupils living within
tTiese bounds, shall attend the Mclntire Schools,
Nos. I, 2, and 3. '

5. The Fourth District includes the Seventh
and Eighth wards. Pupils living within these
bounds shall attend the schools of the Seventh
and Eighth wards, so far as the classification of
those schools will admit.

6. The Fifth District includes the Ninth ward.
Pupils living in this District shall attend the
schools of this ward.

7. If, at any time, the school rooms of any
of these disti'icts cannot accommodate all the
pupils within their limits, the Principal of such dis-
tricts shall refer those thus thrown out, to the Su-
perintendent, who shall provide for them, at his
discretion, in the schools of adjoining districts.

8. The Superintendent is authorized to grant
permits to pupils in one district, to attend school
in another, when there are good reasons for the
change.

GENERAL RULES.

1. The school year shall consist of three terms
(the first of sixteen weeks ; the second and third
of twelve weeks,) commencing on the last Mon-
day in August or the first Monday in Septem-
ber, and continuing regularly from that time,
except a vacation of two weeks, including the
Christmas holidays, and a vacation of one week,
including the first day of April.

2. All holidays shall be the twenty-second day
of February, and all thanksgiving and fast days
authorized by the State and General Govern-
ments.

3. The daily sessions of the schools shall be
from 9 o'clock, a. m., to 12 o'clock, M., and
from i^ o'clock, p. m. to 4^ o'clock, p. m., in all
the schools except those of the Primary A grade,
which shall be dismissed one hour earlier, both
forenoon and afternoon.

4. There shall be a recess of twenty minutes
in both forenoon and afternoon sessions, and no
school shall be dismissed before the time fixed
in rule 3 of this section, in consequence of the
omission of the recess.

5. No school shall have its exercises suspended
in order to permit the teacher or pupils to attend
any public procession, meeting, spectacle,
lecture, painting or exhibition, without the con-

sent of the Board of Education, obtained through
the Superintendent.

6. No text-book shall be used in any of the
schools which is not included in the list adopted
by the Board, and assigned in the course of
study.

7. The public examinations of the schools
shall be in the month of March, within the last
two weeks preceding the April vacation ; and
examinations for promotion in the last half term
of the school year.

8. Parents or guardians feeling aggrieved
may apply to the Principal or the Superintendent
for redress ; but in no case will they be permitted
to seek satisfaction from the teachers at their
school rooms in such a way as to embarrass them
in the discharge of their duties.

9. The Board of Education will not entertain
anv complaint against a teacher, unless the same
shall have been first made to the Superintendent,
nor then, unless it be presented in writing and
signed by at least one responsible person.

SPECIAL RULES.

1 . The pupils of the High School must com-
plete their course of study before being permitted
to graduate, and their diplomas shall be signed
by their Principal and the President and Clerk
of the Board of Education.

2. Privilege of partial attendance upon the
High School course may be granted by the Su-
perintendent in cases wherein circumstances
may seem to him to justify such action.

AMENDMENTS.

Any of the foregoing Rules and Regulations
may be amended or repealed by a vote of a
majority of the members of the Board, at any
regular meeting, after two weeks' notice.

LIST OF TEACHSRS FOR 1880-81.

High School — W. D. Lash, Superintendent.
Corner Main and Ninth streets — C. R. Long,
A. M. Principal, Miss Mary C. Moorehead, As-
sistant ; Senior School, Miss Rose A. Kerner,
teacher ; Junior B School, Alice B. Garside,
teacher ; Junior A School and Business Course,
Z. M. Chandler, teacher.

District No. i. — Miss Selene R. Chandler,
Principal.

Fourth Ward Building, Center street — Senior
School No. I, Miss Clara Rishtine, teacher;
Secondary No. i, Florence A. McDill, teacher;
Secondary No. 2, Lucretia J. Stultz, teacher;
Secondary No. 3, Mary C. Shinnick, teacher;
Primary No. i, Maggie McCarty, teacher;
Primary No. 2, Eliza J. Harris, teacher.

Sixth Ward Building, Monroe street — Sec-
ondary School No. 4, Miss Mary J. Hilliard,
teacher; Primary No. 3, Philena R. Stultz,
teacher ; Primary No. 4, Elizabeth Griffiths,
teacher; Primary No. 5, Ella Nutt, teacher;
Primary No. 6, Bell Brooks, teacher ; German-
English No. 2, Rosa Metzendorf, teacher.

Rural Bull ding, Adamsville Road — Second-

Factory and Yards of HERDMAN, HARRIS & CO., Zanesville, Ohio.

Marble W^orks of MITCHELL & STULTS, Zanesville, O.

In 1828 Mr. M. C. Mitchell settled at Zanesville,
anji in 1857 established a marble yard on the
northeast corner of Market and Fourth streets.
He had but little capital save energy, honesty and
an indomitable will. The business steadily pros-
pered, and about 1863 caused him to purchase
ninety-seven feet on Fourth street, and one hun-
dred and thirty-two feet on Market street. On
the latter site he erected a substantial business
building, and on the former a well finished and
durable' residence. He had been importing Scotch

granite, which for a tinie won its way so largely
in popular favor. In January, 1876, Mr. Mitchell
admitted to partnership Mr. A. P. Stults, who has
contributed much to the popularity of the enter-
prise. Messrs Mitchell & Stults transact a busi-
ness that will compare very favorably with any
similar concern in Central Ohio. At their yards
may be found a full and complete stock of foreign
and domestic marble, Scotch and American granite
monuments.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

137

ary School No. 5, Miss Lizzie H. Johns, teacher ;
Primary No. 7, Hattie B. Johns, teacher ; Sec-
andary No. 6, Eva Peairs, teacher.

District No. 2 — Mrs. M. G. Hills, Principal.

Third Ward Building, corner of Seventh and
Harvey streets. — Senior School No. 2, Miss
Helen Printz, teacher; Secondary No. 7,
Amanda HilHard, teacher ; Secondary No. 8,
Sarah A. Wilson, teacher ; Secondary No. 9,
Ella C. Atkinson, teacher ; Primary No. 8, Susie
Williams, teacher ; Primary No. 9, Edith E.
Hahn, teacher.

Stemler Building, head of Marietta street. —
Primary School No. 10,' Miss Mary Dare,
teacher; Primary No. 11, Charlotte Cline,
teacher; German-English No. 3, Mr. Chas. J.
Deiterly, teacher.

Colored School Building, South Ninth street —
Colored High School, Chas. S. Harrison, Prin-
cipal; Colored School No. I, Miss Minnie A.
Self,, teacher : Colored School No. 2, R. P.
Harper, teacher.

District No. 3 — ^^iss Fannie Burns, Principal.

Mclntire Building, corner Fifth and North
streets — Senior School No. 3, Miss Lillie E. Shin-,
nick, teacher ; Secondary No. 10, Anna Dutro,
teacher; Secondary No. 11, Sarah Throckmor-
ton, teacher; Secondary No. 12, Alice V. Drone,
teacher; Primary No. 12, Alice Sear), teacher ;
Primary No. 13, Lizzie McFadden, teacher.

. Market street building, between Third and
Fourth streets. — Primary School No. 14, Miss
Mary A. Gallogly, teacher; German-English
No. 1, Mr. A. Berlinger, teacher; German-
English No. 4, Mrs, L. P; Bodner, teacher.
DisTiticT No. 4 — Mr. David Harris, Principal.

Moore Building. — Senior School No. 4, Miss
Kate Buchanan, teacher ; Secondary School No.
13, Emma Gurley, teacher; Secondary School
No. 14, Mary Joselyn, teacher ; Secondary
School, No. 15, Anna Gildea, teacher; Primary
No. 15, Lillie White, teacher; Primary No. i'6,
Barbette Baily, teacher.

Jackson street building. — Primary School No.
17, Miss Nellie Baird, teacher ; Primary No. 18,
Mrs. C. J. Ward, teacher.

Seventh Ward Building — Secondary School
No. 16, Miss Sue M. Allen, teacher ; Secondary
No. 17, Charlotte W. Launder, teacher; .Prima-
ry No. 19, Carrie Granger, teacher ; Primary No.
20, Lizzie Patrick, teacher; Primary No. 21,
Miss Hannah M. Parsons, teacher.

Colored School Building", Pearl street. — Col-
ored School No. 5, Miss Eva Gviy, teacher.

District No. 5 — Miss Missouri Stonesipher,
Principal.

Madison street building, between Putnam and
Moxahala avenues. — Senior School No. 5, Miss
Mary McMulkin, -teacher; Secondary No. 18,
Mary Nesbaum, teacher: Secondary No. 19,
Mary Parsons, teacher ; Secondary No. 20, Mrs.
Letitia Howard, teacher; Primary No. 22, Miss
Julia E. Brelsford, teacher.

Woodlawn Avenue Building — Primary School

No. 23, Miss Kate Thomas, teacher; Primary
No. 24, Lizzie Roper, teacher.

Colored School Building, Moxahala avenue —
Colored School No. 3, Mr. James A. Guy,
teacher ; Colored School No. 4, Miss Rose C.
Clinton, teacher.

Special Teachers. — Teacher of Drawing and
Penmanship, Jacob Schwartz; teacher of Music,
J. D. Luse.

COURSE OF STUDY IN ZANESVILLE HIGH SCHOOIi.

ENGLISH course.

M'rsi J^ear. —First Term — ^Algebra, Physiology,

United States History.*
Second Term — Algebra, Natural History,

Rhetoric,*
Third Term — Algebra, Botany, flhetoric*
Second Tear. — First Term; — Gepmetry, Natural

Philospphjs* General Hiistory.
Second Term— Geometry, Chemistry,* Asii'

tronomy;
Third Term — Geometry, Chemistry,* Civil

Government.
Third Tear. — First Term — Tingonometry, Phy-
sical Geography and Geology, Intellectual

Philosophy.
Second Term — Arithmetic, English Graim-

mar, English Literature.
Third Term — Arithmetic, English Grammar,

English Literature.

ElNGLISH AND LATIN COURSE.

First Tear. — First Term — Algebra^ Unite^d States
History,* Latin (Grammar a,nd Lessons.)

Second Term— Algebra, Rhetoric,* Latin
(Grammar and Legsons.) ' .

Third Term^Algebra, Rhetoric,* Latin
(Grarrimar and Lessons.)
Second Tear.-^First Term — Geometry, General
History, Latin (Ceesar.) ,1, '

Second Term — Geometry, Natural History,
Latin (Caesar.).

Third Term^ — Geometry, Bptany,. History,
Latin (Cicero.) . ^ . ■,

Third Tear. — First Term — Trigonometry, Nat-
ural Philosophy,* Latin (Cicero.)

Second Term — Astronomy,, Chemistry,*
Latin (Virgil.)

Third Term — Civil Government,. Chemistry,
Latin (Virgil.)
Fourth Tear.— First Term — Physiology, Phy-
sical Geography and Geology, Intellectual
Philosophy.

Second Term — Arithmetic, English Gram.-
mar, English Litera,ture.

Third Term — Arithmetic, English Grarhmar,
English Literature.

business course.

First Tear. — First Term — Arithmetic, Physi-
ology, Book-Keeping.

Second Term — Arithmetic, English Gram-
mar, Book-Keeping.

Third Term — Arithmetic, English Grammar,
Book-Keeping.

*Twent7 weeks eacli.

138

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Second Tear. — First Term — Algebra, Natural
Philosophy,* Book-Keeping.

Second Term — Algebra, Rhetoric,* Book-
Keeping.

Third Term— Algebra, Rhetoric,* Book-
Keeping.

BUSINESS AND ENGLISH COURSE.

First Tear. — First Term — Arithmetic, Physiol-
ogy, Book-Keeping.
Second Term — Arithmetic, English Gram-
mar, Book-Keeping.
Third Term — Arithmetic, English Gram-
mar, Book-Keeping.
Second 2e«r.— First Term— Algebra, Natural
Philosophy,* Book-Keeping.
Second Term — Algebra, Rhetoric,* Book-
Keeping.
Third Term— Algebra, , Rhetoric,* Civil
government.
"^hird Tear. — First Term — Geometry, Physical
Geography and Geology, Political Econ-
omy.
Second Term — Geometry, Chemistry,* As-
tronomy.
Third Term — Geometry, Chemistry,* Re-
views.
Exercises in Composition and Declamation
required throughout each course.

BOARDS OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS 1838-1881.

1838-39.— Uriah Parke, Ezekiel T. Cox, Hen-
ry Eastman.

1839-40. — Richard Stillwell, President ; John
A. Turner, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, Al-
len Cadwalader.

1840-41. — Richard Stillwell, President ; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny,
Horatio J. Cox.

1841-42. — George W. Manypenny, President ;
Uriah Parke, Secretary ;' Charles G. Wilson,
Treasurer ; Hugh Reed, Horatio J. Cox, Jesse
Keene.

1842-43. — Horatio J. Cox, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; Mark Lowdan, Adam Peters, John W.
Foster. -

1843-44. — Horatio J. Cox, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; Mark Lowdan, Adam Peters, E. E. Fill-
more.

1844-45. — Horatio J. Cox, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; Mark Lowdan, Adam Peters, E. E. Fill-
more.

1845-46. — Horatio J. Cox, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, Treas-
urer; E. E. Fillmore, Leonard P. Bailey, Gott-
leib Nattinger.

1846-47. — Horatio J Cox, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary ; Nelson W. Graham, Treas-
urer ; E. E. Fillmore, Leonard P. Bailey, Gott-
leib Nattinger.

*Twenty weeks each.

1847-48.— E. E. Fillmore, President; Uriah
Parke, Secretary; N.W.Graham, Treasurer;
Leonard P. Bailey, Gottlieb Nattinger, George
Fr acker.

1848-49.— E. E. Fillmore, President ; N. W.
Graham, Secretary; L. P. Bailey, Alexander
-Sullivan, William Schultz, Henry Blandy ; H..
J. Cox, Treasurer.

1849-50. — E. E. Fillmore, Pre.sident ; Alex.
Sullivan, Secretary ; L. P. Bailey, George A.
Jones, George B. Reeve, William Schultz; H.
J. Cox, Treasurer.

1850-51. — E. E. Fillmore, President; Alex.
Sullivan, Secretary ; George A. Jones, L. P.
Bailey, James L. Cox, George L. Shinnick ; H.
J. Cox, Treasurer.

1851-52. — E. E. Fillmore, President; Alex.
Sullivan, Secretary ; L. P. Bailey, George A.
Jones, George L. Shinnick, Jacob Glessner ; H.
J. Cox, Treasurer.

1852-53. — E. E. Eillmore, President; Alex.
Sullivan, Secretary; L. P. Bailey, James. L.
Cox, Jacob Glessner, George L. Shinnick ; H.
J. Cox, Treasurer; G. W. Batchelder, Superin-
tendent.

1853-54. — James L. Cox, President; Alex.
Sullivan, Secretary ; George L. Shinnick, Ja-
cob Glessner, Michael Dulty, John M. James ;
H.J. Cox, Treasurer; G. W. Batchelder, Su-
perintendent.

1854-55. — Jacob Glessner, President; L. H.
Bigelow, Secretary ; Michael Dulty, John T.
Fracker, James F. Adams, Bernard Van Home ;
H.J. Cox, Treasurer; G. W. Batchelder, Su-
perintendent.

1855-56. — L. H. Bigelow, President; L. P.
Marsh, Secretary ; John T. Fracker, James F.
Adams, WilHam Schultz, William M. Shinnick ;
H.J. Cox, Treasurer; Almon Samson, Super-
intendent.

1856-57, — L. H. Bigelow, President; James
F. Adams, Secretary ; William Schultz, Wm.
M. Shinnick, J. T. Fracker, A. C. Ross ; H. J.
Cox, Treasurer ; Almon Samson, Superintend-
ent.

1857-58. — L. H. Bigelow, President ; John F.
Adams, Secretary ; A. C. Ross, Wm. M. Shin-
nick, D. D. Yarmett, Adams Fletcher; Moses
Dillon, Treasurer; M. D. Leggett, Superintend-
ent.

1858-59.— A. C. Ross, President ; A. P. Block-
som. Secretary ; D. D. Yarmett, Wm. M. Shin-
nick, Adams Fletcher, W.A.Graham; Moses
Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintend-
ent.

1859-60. — Adams Fletcher, President ; A. P.
Blocksom, Secretary; Wm. M. Shinnick, D. D.
Yarmett, W. A. Graham, Alfred Ball; Moses
Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintend-
ent.

1860-61. — Adams Fletcher, President ;A .P.
Blocksom, Secretary ; W. A. Graham, Wm. M.
Shinnick, A. Ball, F. A. Thompson ; Moses Dil-
lon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintendent.

1861-62. — Adams Fletcher, President; A. P.
Blocksom, Secretary; Wm. M, Shinnick, A.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

139

Ball, F. A. Thompson, Thomas Lindsay ; Moses
Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintend-
ent.

1862-63, — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary ; A. P. Blocksofti, William
M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell ;
Moses Dillon, Treasurer ; C. W. Chandler, Su-
perintendent.

1863-64. — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary ; A. P. Blocksom, William
M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell ;
A. H. Brown, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Finan-
cial Agent. '

1864-65.— Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary ; William M. Shinnick,
Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell, John R. Price ;
A. H. Brown, Treasurer; A. Fletcher, Finan-
cial Agent.

1865-66. — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary ; TMiomas Lindsay, J. R.
Price, C. C. Russell, William M. Herriott ; A.
H. Brown, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial
Agent.

1866-67. — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary ; Thomas Lindsay, J. R.
Price, C. C. Russell, W. M. Herriott ; W. A.
Graham, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial
Agent.

1867-68. — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary; J. R. Price, C. C.
Russell, W. M. Herriott, M. C. Mitchell ; W. A.
Graham, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial
Agent.

1868-69. — Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A.
Thompson, Secretary; J. R. Price, C. C.
Russell, M. C. Mitchell George W. Gheen,
George W. Griffee, Theobald Stemler ; W. A.
Graham, Treasurer; A. Fletcher, Financial
Agent.

1869-70. — Adams Fletcher, President ; C. C.
Russell, Secretary ; J. R. Price, M. C. Mitchell,
George W. Griffee, Theo. Stemler, F. A. Victor,
J. W. Conrade; W. A. Graham, Treasurer: A.
Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1870-71. — Adams Fletcher, President; C. C.
Russell, Secretary ; Geo. W. Griffee, Theo.
Stemler, F. A. Victor, J. W. Conrade, Wm. H.
Hurd, Isaac Piersol ; J, R. Slack, Treasurer ; A.
Fletcher, Financial Agent ; A. T. Wiles, Super-
intendent.

1871-72.— Geo. W. Griffee, President; C. C.
Russell, Secretary; J. W. Conrade, W. H.
Hurd, Isaac Piersol, Richard Hocking, William
Lilienthal, Jesse Atwell, S. Jacobs Moore, Wil-
liam Geiger ; W. M. Shinnick, Treasurer ; A.
T. Wiles, Superintendent.

1872-73. — Geo. W. Griffee, President; Wm.
H. Hurd, Secretary ; Isaac Piersol, Richard
Hocking, Wm. Lilienthal, C. W. Chandler,
Jesse Atwell, S. Jacobs Moore, C. C. Russell,
Matthew Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer ; W. M. Shin-
nick, Treasurer ; A. T. Wiles, Superintendent.

1873-74. — George W. Griffee, President ; W.
H. Hurd, Secretary ; C. C. Russell, Richard
Hocking, William Lilienthal, Jesse Atwell,
Matthew Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer, Henry

Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, J.C. Gillespie ;W.
M. Shinnick, Treasurer ; A. T. Wiles, Superin-
tendent.

1874-75. — George W. Griffee, President ;W.
H. Hurd, Treasurer ; Richard Hocking, Matthew
Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer, Henry Shrimpton,
Daniel Dugan, Andrew L. Pierce, J. C.
Gillespie ; A. T. Wiles, Superintendent and
Clerk.

1875-76. — James C. Gillespie, President ; W.
H. Hurd, Treasurer; Richard Hocking, George
W. Griffee, William Lilienthal, Jame$ A. Cox,
Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, A. L. Pierce;
A. T. Wiles, Superintendent and Clerk.

1876-77. — James C. Gillespie, President ; Alva
T. Wiles, Clerk and Superintendent ; James A.
Cox, Eugene Printz, Wm. Lilienthal, Alfred
Ball, Martin V. Mitchell, A. L. Pierce, John L.
Turner, Orlando C. Marsh, Joseph Crosby,
John W. King ; Chas. C. Goddard, Treasurer*.

1877-78. — Eugene Printz, President ; James
A. Cox, Clerk ; James C. Gillespie, Treasurer ;
Jacob Crotzer, William Lilienthal, Alfred Ball,
Martin V. Mitchell, Homer C. White, John L.
Turner, -Orlando C. Marsh, Joseph Crosby,
John W. King ; Alva T. Wiles, Superintendent.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1878-79.

First Ward — James A. Cox, term expired,
April, 1879.

Second Ward — Wm. M. .Shinnick, Jr., term
expired, April, 1880.

Third Ward — Jacob Crotzer, term expired,
April, 1879.

Fourth Ward — Chas. J. Brenholtz, term ex-
pired, April, 1880.

Fifth Ward — Alfred Ball, term expired, April,
1879.

Sixth Ward— Martin V. Mitchell, term ex-
pired, April, 1880.

Seventh Ward — Homer C. White, term ex-
pired, April; 1879.

Eighth Ward — John L. Turner, term expired,
April, 1880.

Ninth Ward — James C. Gillespie, term ex-
pired, April, 1879.

President, Martin V. Mitchell ; Clerk, James A.
Cox ; Treasurer, Jacob Crotzer ; Superintendent
of Instruction, Alva T. Wiles.

Board of Examiners — Orlando C. Marsh,
term expired. May, 1879; Joseph Crosby, term
expired. May, 1881 ; John W. King, term ex-
pired. May, 1880.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, l879-'8o.

First Ward — James A. Cox, term expired
April, 1 88 1.

Second Ward — WiUiam M. Shinnick, Jr.,
term expired, April, 1880.

Third Ward — Jacob Crotzer, term expired,
April, 1881.

Fourth Ward — Charles J. Brenholts, term. ex-
pired, April, 1880.

Fifth Ward — George R. Humphreys, term ex
pired, April, 1881.

Sixth Ward— Martin V. Mitchell, term ex-
pired, April, 1880.

140

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Seventh Ward — H. D. Munson, Sr., term ex-
pired, April, 1 88 1.

Eighth Ward — ^John L. Turner, term expired,
April, 1880.

Ninth Ward — James C. Gillespie, term ex-
pired, April, tSSi.

President, Charles J. Brenholts ; Clerk, James
A. Cox ; Treasurer, Jacob Crotzer ; Superintend-
ent of Insti-uction, W. D. Lash.

Board of Exfiminers — Orlando C. Marsh,
tei-m expired. May, 1882; Joseph Crosby, term
expired, May,i88i ; John W. King, term expired,
May, 1880.

BOARD OF EDUCATION l88o-'8l.

First Ward — ^James A. Cox, term expired,
April, 1881.

Second Ward — William M. Shinnick, Jr.,
term expired, April, 1882. <■

'Third Ward — George J. Crotzer, term expired,
April, 1881.

Fourth Ward. — William Lilienthal, term ex-
pired, April, 1882.

Fifth Ward — ^George R. Humphreys, term ex-
pired, April, 1881.

Sixth Ward — Martin V. Mitchell, term ex-
pired, April, 1882. .

Seventh Ward — H. D. Munson, term expired,
April, 1 88 1.

Eighth Ward — John L. Turner, term expii;es,
April, 1882.

Ninth Ward — ^James C. Gillespie, term ex-
pired, April, 1 88 1.

President, WilHam M. Shinnick ; Clerk, W.
D. Lash ; Treasurer, G. J. Crotzer ; Superin-
tendent of Instruction, W. D. Lash.

Board of Examiners Orlando C. Marsh, term
expired. May, 1882 ; Joseph Crosby, term ex-
pired. May; 1881 ; William D. Lash, term ex-
pires, Ma}^ 1883."

PAROCHIAL SCHOOL.

This was opened in 1842, in a small frame
building, on the site of the presentbrick structure,
and servfed its purpose uiitil 1870, when it gave
wayfoi-the commodious building now occupied ;
this school building cost between $7,000 and
$8,000..

The school is under the supervision ,of the
Parish Priest, and taught by Sisters of the Order
of St. Francis. The attendance is about 240;
Capacity of the school building is about 250. The
school is sustained chiefly by subscription.

The following Priests, officiating at the church,
have been also in charge of the school : Father's
Gallinger, -Otto ]3orgess, Henry Rensen, M.
Deselears, M. Herzog, William Deters, J. C.
Kramer, J. W. Brummer, A. Berger, F.J. Goetz,
G.,Uhlinger, A. Berger, the second time, A.
Hechinger, John J. Rauck, J. G. Nordmeyer,
and, in the spring of 1869, the present incum-
bent. Rev. Magnus Eppink.

German and English are taught in the school.

ST. Columbia's academy.
TJiis school was organized in 1856. The

building, a commodious brick structure, oc-
cupies the southwest corner of Fifth and North
streets, and, until 1873, was a day and board-
ing school foiyoung ladies. In 1863, the build-
ing was partially consumed by fire, and im-
mediately rebuilt. From the time of its discon-
tinuance as a day and boarding school, it has
been known as St. Thomas' Parochial School,
yet it retains the first name.

The school, like all parochial schools, is under
the supervision of the Parish Priest. The teach-
ers, from the beginning, have been of the Order
of Dominican Nuns.

This is a graded school, and Music and French
are included in the curriculum. The average
attendance is about 275.

The following members of the Order of Priest-
hood, have superintended the school: L. C.
Eagan, C. V. Edhn, P. C. Coll, and the present
Parish Priest, Rev. J. A. Bokel.

GERMAN LUTHERAN SCHOOL.

The first record of an effort to organize a school
of this denomination, was made by Chas. Dieterl)-,
about i860. He was succeeded by Schumann,
who died, and the school was discontinued until
1866, when a Mr. Diersen, re-opened ; but the
effort was not an entii-e success until 1871, when
E. H. Dress became the Principal. During this
year, the present substantial brick school house
was erected, at a cost of about 1 2, 000. One as-
sistant teacher has been employed, from the date
of organization under Mr. Dress.

The school is controlled bv a Board of Educa-
tion, consisting of three members of the church,
and elected b};^ the congregation. The Board in
i88o: John Bonnet, Jr., A. H. Stern, and John
Riehl. The pastor of the church is ex-officio
President of the Board of Education, although
not elected to that office.

The school is supported bj- subscription. The
average attendance is about 100. The exercises
are conducted in German and English ; the fore-
noons in the former, and the afternoons in the
latter language.

ZANESVILLE r.UsTXJ':.SS COLLEGE.

This institution was opened April, 1866, by J.
C. Sinall and J. J. Dinsmore, under the tiarne of
"Small's Business College;" it continued unc^er
their management fur two years, at which time,
J. W. Roll and F. M.'Choquill became proprie-
tors,under the firm name of Roll and Choquill : the
name was changed by them to that of "Zanes-
ville Business Collqge," and so continued, to the
present. , April, 1876, F. M. Choquill became
sole proprietor, and conducted the business, with
the assistance of H. B. Parsons, till 1880, when
H. B. Parsons became associate principal and
proprietor.

During the past fourteen years, over two thou-
sand students have been enrolled, and many of
the young men who have beeii connected with it,
now hold first-class positions in the largest bank-
ing and commercial houses of the country-. ,

Orlando C. Faeqtjhak, M. D., Physician and Surgeon,
"was born near Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio, March 4th,
1835. His parents were of Scotch descent, and in religious
faith belonged to the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He
was educated primarily in the village school of Putnam
(now the Ninth ward of the city of Zanesville), under the
instructions of Professor Z. M. Chandler. The first move-
ment made after leaving school was a trip down the Mus-
kingum and the Ohio rivers, on a trading flat boat. About
two years were thus spent in the Western waters and trib-
utaries, at the expiration of which time he returned home
and devoted himself, after due consideration, to the study
of medicine and surgery.

After remaining as a student three years in the office of
his father, Dr. E. A. Farquhar, Sr., he attended lectures at
the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, daring 1857 and
1858. Upon quitting this institution the practice of med-
icine was begun at Putnam, in partnership with his father,
and continued until 1875, when the firm was dissolved by
mutual consent, Dr. O. C. Farquhar retiring. In 1872 he
graduated at the University of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Up to the present time, 1882, he has devoted his time to the
investigation and cure of special diseases. He devotes his
whole time to the treatment of chronic diseases only, in
which line he has won an enviable reputation by reason of
the many cures that he has performed where a cure seemed
almost beyond the skill of any physician. His practice
extends to nearly every county of the State, and he is
consulted by persons living in nearly every State of the
Union.

He always takes a lively interest in literary and polit-
ical matters. Is a frequent contributor to several scientific,
medical, and pharmaceutical journals, and is a welcome

contributor to the columns of the several newspapers of
Zanesville. For several years past he has taJjen an active
interest in municipal political proceedings. For six
years he was a valued member of the Board of Educa-
tion, was snbsequently a member of the village Council of
Putnam, and became prominent as an able advocate of
the annexation of Putnam to the city of Zanesville — an.
event which was brought about in a great measure through
his earnest and well directed labors. After the accomplish-
ment and ratification of that annexation, the members of
the dominant party elected him on the Republican ticket
to represent them in the City Council for two years. After
the expiration of his first term he has been continued as
a member of the City Council to the present, with the
exception of one year. During his long service as a
member of the Council he has been presiding officer three
terms successively, and during the fierceness of political
debate, when excitement ran high, his decisions were char-
acterized with deliberation and fairness. He conceived
the idea of beginning the City Parks, and at once gave
his conceptions shape, and planted out the trees on Putnam
Hill, known at this time as Putnam Hill Park. So devoted
was he to the development of this park that the newspapers
of the day dubbed him the " Daddy of the Park."

During the exciting times of what was known as the Tem-
perance Crusade, he had the moral courage to write an
ordinance, and work for the repeal of the prohibitory ordi-
nance which was then in force. He thought by so doing he
was materially lessening the evils resulting from the strin-
gency of the prohibitory ordinance.

He was married April 2d, 1856, to Elizabeth Jane Irvine,
who died in 1859. June 7th, 1860, he was again married to
Mary L. Eansom, of Coshocton, Ohio, who still lives.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

141

CHAPTER X.

PHYSICIANS.

Increase Mathews was the first regular physi-
cian to locate in Zanestown. He came in 1801,
and began his profession ; but, as the settlement
was yet in its infancy, and the pioneers were a
hardy set, he could not depend on the practice
of medicine, alone, for his support, and, there-
fore, engaged in merchandising, including in his
stock svich drugs as were most likely to be need-
ed. This was "the first drug store in all this
region."

In those days the physician was known to
ride twenty-five or thirty miles to visit a patient.
Dr. Mathews would visit patients in his immedi-
a,te neighborhood, and furnish medicine, at thir-
ty-seven and a half cents a visit !

.In the spring, of 1805, Dr. Richard Hillier ar-
rived in Zanestown, and began the practice of
his profession. He had been a Surgeon in the
English Army. He remained here until 1809,
when he removed to "Beech Bottom," fifteen
miles from Mount -Vernon, where he died, March
10, 1815.

In 1807, Dr. Robert Mitchell and wife arrived.
He purchased a lot on the southwest corner of
Fifth street and Locust alley, and built thereon a
two-story log hoixse. i He was also a politician,
and, as a JeffersQnian, was elected to the Town
Council ; also Brigadier General' of the Third
Division of the Ohio State Militia, in 1822, and
served several years. He died, November 13,
1848, aged 70; his wife died March 4, 1864,
aged 76.

Dr.' John Hamm; a native of the State of Del-
aware:, and educated in that State, studied with
Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, Pa., and graduated
in that city. He came to Ohio in 1808, and set-
tled, first, in Chillicothe, and on the 4th of July,
1809, was the orator of the day ; came to Zanes-
town soon after, and subsequently mangled Eliza,
the fourth daughter of General Van Jlorne.
probably no man in' Ohio of that day, except
General Lewis Cass, had such a succession of de-
sirable officid positions. In 1812, he was a mem-
ber of the Legislature and a Presidential elector.
In i8i3j he became Surgeon of the 27th United
States Infantry, and succeeded General Cass as
Marshall of Ohio, a responsible and dangerous
position. In 1827, he was State Senator, and
again in 1829. In 1830, he was appointed Charge
de Affairs to the Republic of Child, by President
Jackson, and concluded the first treaty with that
Government. He returned to his home and kin-
dred, in Zanesville, and died May 22d, 1861, in
the 85th year of his age. His widow died April
20, 1868". They had eight children, one of
whom became the wife of W. A. Graham, one
the w,ife of Peter Black, and one the wife of Al-
exander Van Hamm. The daughter not men-
itonecl, died, in girlhood ; the eldest son, Wash-
ington Van, Hamm, died in Chicago, 111., in
1872. ,

Dr. Dudley W. Rhodes, was also President
of the Bank of Zanesville ; he came to Zanesville

in the summer of 1814. He was a native of Ston-
ington, Connecticut, and studied medicine in the
city of Hartford. His first engagement in his
profession was an Army Surgeon, which, how-
ever, he soon relinquished, for private practice.
He died in Zanesville, Saturday, October 16,
1840, and at a meeting of the physicians of that
city and vicinity, held at the residence of Dr.
Moorehead, October 19, resolutions were passed,
as follo'vs'^s :

Whereas, It has pleased the Almighty to re-
move from among us, and from the sphere of
usefulness, our late friend and brother practition-
er. Dr. p. W. Rhodes:

Resolved, That we view with deep regret this
dispensation of Divine Providence ; ' therefore,
in as much as it has borne from us one who has,
for many years, stood so deservedly high in his
profession, and who has been most indefatigable
in his exertions to alleviate the sufferings of his
fellow-men :

Resolved, That, in the death of Dr. Rhodes,
this community has sustained a loss which will
be most sincerely felt by those who, in the hour of
their affliction, have so long i-elied upon his skill
and judgment :

Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with his
bereaved family, in their painful and melancholy
loss :

Resolved, That, in testimony of our regard
for the deceased, we wear crape on the left arm
for thirty days :

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be
presented by Dr. Moorehead to the family of the
deceased, and that they also be published in the
papersof the town :

Resolved, That we adjourn to meet at the late
residence of Dr. Rhodes, at the hour appointed
for his funeral, and that we attend the same in a
body. Robert Mitchell, Chairman.

Charles C. Hildreth, Secretary.

In 1814, Dr. J. Fowler was a practicing physi-
cian in Putnam ; and in 1816, Dr. Moore was
here, and gained some notoriety by introducing
vaccination, which some physicians opposed.

In 1817, Drs. John J. Brice, Ebenezer Atwa-
ter, Calvin Conant, G. B. Maxfield, and Samuel
Moulton, were among the physicians. And in
1822, Dr. Isaac Spangler (who studied with Dr.
Hamm) was associated with Dr. Robert Mitch-
ell. During tliis year, Wm. Clark, E. S. Phelps,
Adam Gage, Benjamin Wait, Nathaniel Wait,
Noah Harris, Robert Moore, David Pardy, Syl-
vanus Seeley, Timothy Burr, Adam Gage, and
Elmas Wheaton, were admitted to practice med-
icine, upon examination under the State law..

The diversity of opinion on important subjects
in the profession of Medicine, was such that, for
the sake of harmony, and also for the purpose of
having a recognized standard of authority, or,
better still, a guaranty of qualification, an act
was passed by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio authorizing the formation of medical
societies, and empowering the incorporator^ to
require the members of such bodies to be gradu-

142

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ates of accredited medical schools, pursuant to
which, the first medical society was organized,
as hereinafter set forth :

MEDICAL SOCIETIES.

The First Society. — February 26th, 1824, the
following act was passed by the Legislature of
the State of Ohio: "An act to Incorporate
Medical Societies for the purpose of Regulating
the Practice of Physic and Surgery in this
State."

To carry out the object of this act, a consider-
able number of physicians from the Fifteenth
Medical District, then composed of the counties
of Muskingum, Morgan, Coshocton, Guernsey,
Licking ajid Knox, assembled at the Court
House, in Zanesville, May 25, 1824, (the time
appointed by law,) and organized themselves
into a Medical Society. The following were the
first officers : John Hamm, M. D. President;
John B. Brice, M. D., Vice President; Thomas
Flanner, M. D., Secretary ; Robert Mitchell, M.
D., Treasurer.

The medical examiners elected at this meeting
wereDoctors Calvin Conant, Wm. S. Richards,
Thomas Flanner, Wm. Clarke and Dudley
W. Rhodes.

A committee was appointed to draft by-laws
for the government of the society. They re-
ported in accordance with instructions, and the
by-laws were adopted, but a copy cannot now
be found. About this time, Percival H. Pardee
and Joel S. Thrall, of Putnam, presented them-
selves for examination before the censors, and
were duly licensed to practice physic and surgery
in the State of Ohio.

The foUpwing gentlemen were appointed by
the President to deliver Medical dissertations at
the semi-annual meeting, to be held the first
Tuesday in November, 1824, viz :

Doctors Spellman, SafFord and Thompson.

It was made the duty of the President at each
annual meeting to deliver an address, and to
recommend a question for discussion at the semi-
annual meetings.

The next regular meeting was announced to
be held in Zanesville, the first Tuesday in No-
vember, 1824.

The following is a list of the members at the
date of organization : John Hamm, John B.
Brice, Thomas Flanner, Robert Mitchell, Dudley
W. Rhodes, Calvin Conant, Robert SafFord.
Wm. S. Richards, Elisha G. Lee, Alfred c!
Thompson, Elmas Wheaton, Benjamin Webb,
Wm. Clarke, Francis Fowler, Samuel Bald-
ridge, Harry Fassett, Sylvester Spellman,
Samuel Martin, Samuel A. Baker, John Bald-
ridge, David McGary, James Kell, Isaac
Spangler, Jesse Morris, David A. Bines, John
B. Cooley and Nathan Webb.

This society continued to exist until Decem-
ber 12, 1842, when the Muskingum County
Medical Society was formed, by the physicians
of the county of Muskingum, at a meeting held
on {hat day at the Eagle Hotel, in Zanesville, at
which Dr. Helmick presided, and Dr. J. G. F.

Holston was Secretary. He also offered the
following resolution, which was adopted :

Resolved, That we constitute ourselves into a
medical society, to be called the Muskingum
County Medical Society, by signing our names
to this resolution. The following gentlemen
signed their names, viz :

James Helmick, Robert Mitchell, John B.
Erwin, John Watkins, Jonathan Axline, John
R. Wetmore, Robert Marshall, John G. F.
Holston, Washington Moorehead, E. Dillon, J.
H. McCall, D. G. Campbell, James Shaw, W.
E. Ide and Charles C. Hildreth.

The following committee on a constitution for
the society, was appointed : Dr's. Robert
Mitchell, John Watkins and J. G. F. Holston,
with instructions to report on the first Tuesday
in January, 1843, "at which time the society shall
hold its first regular meeting, notice of which
will be given in the public "prints."

The next meeting was held January loth,
1843, at the Eagle Hotel, in Zanesville, when
the following officers were elected :

President, Robert SafFord, M. D. ; Vice Pres-
ident, John Watkins, M. D. ; Secretary, Chas.
C. Hildreth, M. D. ; Treasurer, James Helmick,
M. D. ; Librarian, J. G. F-Holston, (Sr.,) M. D.

The Constitution of the "Muskingum County
Medical Society."

Article ist. This society sh^ll be known by
the name of the "Muskingum County Medical
Society."

Art. 2d. The objects of this society shall be
the advancement of the interests of the profes-
sion ; the promotion of harmony and good feel-
ing, and the elevation of the standard of medical
attainment among its members.

Art. 3d. The officers of the society shall be
one President, one Vice President, one Secre-
tary,, one Treasurer, one Librarian and five
censors,, ^11 of whom shall be elected at the an-
nual-n^eting in May, except the censors, who
shall receive their appointment directly by the
President.

Art. 4th. This society shall be composed of
members, both senior, and junior. Senior mem-
bers, being regular practitioners of medicine, who,
until the next annual meeting, may be admitted
to membership, by signing this constitution.
After which time they must gain their admission
through the board of censors. Junior members
shall be students of medicine of the senior mem-
bers, and shall not be allowed the privilege of
voting, speaking, or holding office.

Art. 5th. The society, during its sessions,
shall be governed by parliamentary usages.

Art. oth. The society shall hold its annual
meeting on the first Tuesday in May, at 10
o'clock. A- M., in Zanesville, at which time its
officers shall be elected for the ensuing year ;
also a semi-annual meeting in November ; also
monthly meetings in Zanesville, on the first
Tuesday of every month, for the report of cases,
the reading of essays, and the discussion of med-
ical or surgical questions.

HISTORY* OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Art. 6. The President shall direct the order
of exercises for the meeting next ensuing', and
shall have power to select a memljer to read an
essay upon any medical or surgical subject, that
he may deem appropriate.

Art. 7. Every senior member of the society
shall sign this constitution, which signature shall
be considered equivalent on his part to being
governed by it.

The following were the signers to this consti-
tution :

R. Stafford, J. B. Erwin, Charles Dickinson,
David Pierce, John M- Green, E. Dillon, James
Little, Lyman Little, David Ferbrache, Robert
Mitchell, Thomas J. Redgrave, Thomas J. Haz-
lett, J. H. McCall, I. N. McMillen, John Wat-
kins, Edward S. Bell, James Shaw, John G. F.
Holston, James Helmick, Washington Moore-
head, A. Z. Knight, W. E. Ide, J. S. Reasoner,
Charles C. Hildreth, James Crawford, D. G.
Campbell, J. R. Wetmore, W. H. Vickers, John
F. Cunningham, Z. F. Young and Charles Grant.

The full set of officers, elected in 1865, were :
President, Z. C. McElroy ; Vice President, A.
Ball ; Treasurer, Charles C. Hildreth ; Secretary,
T. A. Reamy.

For some time after its organization the so-
ciety met at the residence of some one of its mem-
bers ; subsequently in the City Council Cham-
ber.

In 1874, t'^^ society was merged into the pres-
ent Zanesville Academy of Medicine. Incorpor-
ated in 1875, and reincorporated in 1878.

The charter empowers the Academy to issue
certificates of qualification to practice medicine,
equivalent to a diploma from a regular medical
school, and to charge therefor, including the ex-
amination, a fee of $25.00.

To be eligible for membership one must be a
practicing physician in good standing, and sub-
scribe for one share of stock, paying five dollars,
and an annual assessment of one dollar.

The society has in the Treasury $1,800 and a
library of 500 volumes of standard medical works.

The membership numbers one hundred. They
meet in the Athenaeum building.

The officers for 1880 were : President, L. M.
Reamy; Vice President, C. H. Evans; Secre-
tary, J. F. Kennedy ; Treasurer, D. C. Peters.

Trustees: *James Gallogly, H. Culbertson,
A. Ball, J. R. Larzelere, J. S. Haldeman, J. T.
Davis, and S. Allen.

The Society, among other rules, adopted "the
Code of Ethics of the American Medical Asso-
ciation."

The following list embraces the regular physi-
cians engaged in the practice of their profession
in Zanesville. The regularly graduated practic-
ing physicians in Zanesville are :

Allopathic— C. C. Hildreth, Z. C. McElroy,
A. Ball, W. H. Holden, J. S. Haldeman, A. E.
Bell, L. M. Reamy, C. H. Evans, J. R. Larzelere,
H. S. Nye, J. Jordan, J. G. F. Holston, W. C.
Lenhart, J. T. Davis, A. C. Oatley, Seth Al-

*Died.

len, T. J. Barton, J. F. Kennedy, D. C. Peters,
and Mrs. A. M. Johnson.

Homeopathic. — S. F. Edgar, W. E. Atwell,
George W. Mitchell.

Eclectic. — E. A. Farquhar and sons, and O.
C. Farquhar.

CHAPTER XL

PUTNAM.

THE TOWN OF SPRINGFIELD PUTNAM HILL

PARK THE FIRST STORE THE FIRST PHYSIC-
IAN THE FIRST CHILD BORN THE POSTOF-

FICE THE M. E. CHURCH BLACKSMITHS

death's doings TANNERIES TAVERNS

BANK THE NAME OF SPRINGFIELD CHANGED

TO PUTNAM PUTNAM MANUFACTURING COM-
PANY WOOLEN MILLS POTTERIES OIL MILL

SOCIETIES FOUNDRY THE VILLAGE OF

PUTNAM INCORPORATED GLASS WORKS

BUCKET FACTORY PUTNAM BUILDING, LOAN

AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION THE PUTNAM

CLASSICAL INSTITUTE APPLICATION OF ZANES-
VILLE CITY COUNCIL TO THE COUNTY COMMIS-
SIONERS .FOR THE ANNEXATION OF PUTNAM TO

ZANESVILLE THE ANNEXATION OF PUTNAM TO

ZANESVILLE-"CLIFFW00D" — THE MERCHANTS,
MECHANICS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN OF

SPRINGFIELD PERSONAL REMINISCENSES

EARLY SETTLERS IN NATCHEZ NATCHEZ.

The town of Springfield was laid out before
the township in which it is situated was organ-
ized. For beauty of situation it is not surpassed
by any other on the Muskingum river. Nature
has evidently been gracious in her adaptation for
pleasant homes, and the wants of commerce are
easily met, both by rail and water. The curva-
ture jaf the river, westward and then northward,
as it traverses the northern boundary of the
town, renders the current on the east, where the
stream courses south, very nearly a slack water,
greatly facilitating boating for freight and pas-
senger purposes.

The highland that originally formed the west-
ern boundary of the village, and subsequently
made a part of the town, known as " Putnam
Hill," lends an increased charm to the view; its
graceful slopes, dotted o'er with forest trees, at
once beautiful and comforting in their cooling
shade, suggest thoughts of paradise.

Dr. Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple laid
out the town in 1802, and by their personal in-
fluence began at once to draw hither whatever of
industry, art, culture and music were necessary
to constitute a prosperous community. The se-
quel shows the wisdom of their course, and they
had the gratification of living to see their expec-
tations verified.

The name was suggested by the well known
spring that gushes out of the highland, since
known as "Putnam Hill." This headland has
long been known as commanding the finest view
of " the Blue Muskingum" of any point in this

144

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

region, on which account it became the resort
for "whoso loveth the beautiful :"

"To him, who, in the light of Nature, holds
Communion with her visilile forms, she speaks
A various language ; for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile,
And eloquence of beauty ; and she glides
Into his darker musings with a mild
And gentle sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware."

As might be expected, this charming spot al-
lured those who were inclined to love each other,
by the mystic power of " sparkling water," and
" fairy moonlight," and so the spring was
christened, as it were, " Lover's Fountain," and
those who loved in former days hold pleasant
memories thereof. Which, moreover, are to be
perpetuated, and the scenes of "auld lang syne"
made possible in the enjoyment of " Putnam
Hill Park."

July 27, 1801, Rufus Putnam, Levi Whipple
and Dr. Increase Mathews, assigned, appropri-
ated and made over to the town of Springfield,
(now the Ninth ward of Zanesville) " for the
purpose of erecting such public buildings there-
on as may be wanted for the. use of the town, or
any religious society established in it, or for the
county or State, the eleven and one-half acres,
now known as ' Putnam Hill Park ' ; which tract,
or so much of it as shall not be occupied by
public buildings of the description aforesaid,
shall remain a perpetual commonage." [See
Book " A," page 8, Muskingum County
Records] .

The park has recently been substantially and
neatly fented, and ornamented with young trees.
And with the addition of suitable seats, flower
beds arid fountains, will become, if possible, a
still more popular resort. 'Tis a beautiful site.

The First Store in the village was opened
on the site now known as No. 99, Muskingufn
avenue, by Dr. Increase Mathews, in 1803.' He
kept a general stock of merchandise, including
drugs and medicines. This store was originally
started on the northwest corner of Main and
Third streets, by Dr. Mathews and his brother
John, in 1801.

. The First Physician. — Dr. Increase Ma-
thews, who, as we have seen, was one of the
original proprietors of Springfield, was the first
physician. And, as such, his duties were often
very arduous, he having to go manv miles to
visit patients. It was reasonable, thei'efore, for
him to invite another to share the burden ; ac-
cordingly, when Dr. Jesse Chandler came, in
1804, he soon acquired a very extensive practice,
which he continued to enjoy up to the time of his
death, which occurred suddenly in the winter of
1814-15. At this time, eleven other prominent
citizens are said to have died, all suddenly, and
near the same time, of what was called " the
cold plague." Terror spread over the commu-
nity on account of the great mortality, and the
probable spread of the disease.

Other physicians followed, locating in Spring-
field or vicinity, and, as nearly as can now be
ascertained, in the following order. They .were :
Drs. Smith, Reed, Conant, Robert S afford, Dil-
lon, Brown, E. A. Farquhar, J. B. Erwin, J. R.
Larzelere . and O. C. Farquhar. Others have
been accounted for in the "Medical Record," of
Zanesville.

The First Child Born in Springfield town-
ship is supposed to have been Warner Whipple,
in 1803.

The Postoffice. — Prior to 1803, the inhab-
itants of the village of Springfield, and the region
south. and west, obtained their mail matter at the
office in Zanestown. The Post-Master General,
however, was induced to grant an increase in
mail facilities, and established a postoffice in the
village of Springfield, in the early part of this
year, and appointed Dr. Increase Matthews as
Post-Master. This, doubtless, was a compliment
and satisfaction, and aided their reputation, inso-
much that it is said the population was increased
soon after by other than natural causes.

Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first
circuit that included this place embraced Frank-
lin, Mansfield, Lancaster, the Hog-Run settle-
ment (in Licking count}) and the Walmsly neigh-
borhood, in Coshocton county, and was organ-
ized in 1803, by Rev. Asa Shinn. It belonged
to the Pittsburgh District of the Baltimore Con-
ference, and was denominated "the HockhoCk-
ing circuit."

The society was organized in Springfield, in
1806, by Rev. John Meeks. The first members
were : John Goshen and family, Samuel Chap-
man and family, William H. Moore and family,
Jesse Smith, J. Mervin, Merriam Putnam, Win-
throp Robinson and Benjamin Robinson. They
constituted the first class, of which John Goshen
and M. Putnam were the leaders.

Soon after the society was organized, a frame
church was built on the lot donated by Levi
Whipple, for church purposes, and on which the
society built a brick church in 1830, which was
taken down about 1868, to make room for the
present commodious church, on the east side of
Moxahala avenue. This church is further de-
scribed in the chapter on churches, as the Moxa-
hala Avenue M. E. Church.

Blacksmiths. — This class of industiy had
hitherto been conducted in Zanestown. About
the year 1803, Peter Miser came to the village of
Springfield and opened shop, and between that
date and 1805 he was followed by Philip Munch
and John Balthis. Where these two sons of Vul-
can had their shops, cannot now be determined.

Death's Doings. — The first death in Spring-
field was the wife of Dr. Increase Mathews. The
second was Grace Crooks, daughter of- Andrew
Crooks. They occurred in 1804.

First Orchards. — John Matthews, Abraham
Leaven and Levi Whipple planted orchards about
the same time, 1804, and John Springer and
Adam France, in 1806.

>
w

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Tanneries. — The first tannery in Springfield
was erected by I. Newell, in the year 1805. Sub-
sequent tanners were : Horace Nye, Levi Chap-
man, '■ Tanner, Peleg Mason, Jacob Reese,

William Reese and A. M. Ewing.

Tannery by Horace Nye. — A lett^er from his
father, Ichabod Nye, dated "Marietta, 5th Octo-
ber, 1821," informs him as follows: "And have
agreed with Atnercy Keys, a young man, who
came from the State of Maine this summer, for
three months, to currey and work in the tanyard,
as you may want, for the sum of fourteen dollars
per month, boarding and washing.

"I do not expect that he will turn off the work
so fast as some currers that practice that buisness
alltogather, but I have examined him relative to
the mode & manner of his practice in that buis-
ness, & like his ideas verry well. I think he will
do the work better for countrey use than the
Southern or Philadel'a currers. They, maney of
them, shave their Leather too thin, more especially
the shoulder & the back parts.

"He will undoubtedly show you all that he can
in the business, & I have given him my ideas &
mode of work generally, which he will be better
able to tell you than I could communicate by writ-
ing, in making blacking. I have given him my
mode, which I think he will be able to do, &
which is quite essential in the business. Black-
ing that will rub off" of leather is a great damage
to the credit of it. The composition is Lampblack
& Oil, with a little soap (say aboute ^ poin) to
two Gallons of the Blacking (when all the mate-
rials are added togeather) Surred well togeather
to this the strong decoxtion of Sewmach (if you
have it), mixed with the coperas, Yellow Oake
Bark or Logwood, this stured all togeather, and
the latter putt in lastt, to the Oil & Lampblack.
This Liquid blacking will be proportuned as you
find it best sutes when you spread it on the leath-
er, probebley about as much as of the Oil part.

"In setting the edges on your knives it will be
best to rub them with a short bevel & turne the
edges well over, or turned in rather more than
what Carrell used to work them, especially when
you first begin to practice and in whitening they
must be more so, than in shaving weat leather,
and then turne the wire edge a little out, in this
way you will shave smoother & safer from jump-
ing or bounding of the knife, &c., &c.
"In haste, I remain your father,

"Ichabod Nye."

Horace Nye had his tannery on the side hill,
just west of the Round House, i.e., about the
southwest end of Adams street, and obtained
water from a spring at that place, which afforded
an ample supply for his vats, some twelve or fif-
teen in number.

Chapman's tannery, in "Chap's Run:" Levi
Chapman had a tannery about where the bridge
abutments were built, and near this he had his
"bark house," in about 1820.

The First Tavern in the Village of
Springfield. — "Burnham's Hotel," or tavern,
was the first public house in the town of Spring-

field. The building was of three stories, one of
stone and two of brick, which accounts for the
discrepancy in the accounts of it, some calling it
"a two-story brick," and others "a three-story
building." It was built in 1806, by John Leav-
ens and Benjamin S. Gilmore, and was some-
times called "Leavens' Tavern," although he
never occupied it. It stood on the southwest cor-
ner of Muskingum and Putnam avenues, as now
designated. This was the first "brick tavern" in
this section of country, and was called "the best
hotel west of the Alleghany Mountains ;" and it
is said that great effort was made to make it such.
Mr. Burnham kept this house until 1811, when
he removed to Gen. Van Home's tavern, on the
southwest corner of Second and Main streets, in
Zanestown.

The First Bank. — Muskingum Bank was
chartered in 1813, and located on the southwest
corner of Muskingum and Putnam avenues. Gen.
Isaac Van Home was the first President, and D.
J. Marple the first Cashier.

The shares were five dollars each.

After a few years, some discouraging circum-
stances created a want of confidence in the en-
terprise, and the Bank suspended. In 1829, or
1830, the Bank reorganized and elected Ebenezer
Buckingham President, and Solomon Sturgess
Cashier, and continued to do business until 1846,
when it wound up its business. The last officers
were Alvah Buckingham, President, and B. H.
Buckingham, Cashier.

Springfield Changed to Putnam. — "An
act to change the name of Springfield, in the
County of Muskingum. Whereas, It is repre-
sented to this General Assembly that inconven-
iences do arise to the inhabitants of Springfield,
in the County of Muskingum, in consequence of
there being two towns of the same name within
the State, by which letters and packages are oc-
casioned frequently to be miscarried ; now, there-
fore, Beit enacted by the General Assembly of
the State of Ohio, that the name of the town of
Springfield, in the County of Muskingum, be and
the same is hereby changed, and thus the said
town shall henceforth be known and distinguished
by the name of the town of Putnam ; provided
that this change shall in no case be so construed
as to aftect the right and title of property granted
in or to said town of Springfield."

This act was passed January 20th, 1814.

It is proper to add in this connection that Gen.
Rufus Putnam had, by his generous activity in
all things relating to the welfare of the community,
greatly endeared himself to the people, so that
his name was given to the settlement as a well-
earned compliment, and the prominent citizens
purposely met at General Putnam's residence, to
show him this appreciation.

An account of this meeting was published in the
"Muskingum Register,'' October 27th, 1813.

Putnam Manufacturing Company. — This
company was organized November 23, 18 15, for
the manufacture of cotton. It was chartered,
and had a capital stock of $5,000, with authority

146

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

to increase, by assessment on the stockholders,
to the amount of $100,000. The shares were held
at $500 each.

The Trustees were : Ebenezer Buckingham,
Jr., Stephen C. Smith, and Levi Whipple.

The stockholders were Ebenezer Buckingham,
who held three shares ; Stephen C. Smith, one
share ; Moses Smith (by his attorney, Stephen
C. Smith), one share ; Whipple & Putnam, two
shares ; Levi Whipple, two shares ; Edwin Put-
nam, two shares ; N. C. Findley, one share ; H.
Nye, and Amos Nye, one share ; Jeremiah
Dare, one share.

This company located their factory between
the Whipple Mill and the west end of the lower
bridge, and agreed to give Messrs. Whipple &
Putnam the profits on two shares of stock for the
water privilege. After this cotton factory, had
been in operation a few years, it was sold to Jo-
seph R. Thomas, who changed the machinery
for such as was adapted to the manufacture of
wool, carding, spinning, weaving and fulling.
This factory was burned down when the bridge
was destroyed by fire, in 1845. Mr. Thomas
built the woolen factory that is now standing on
the bank of the river, below the present woolen
mill in 1848, and in 1870 sold it and the build-
ing, formerly known as the Whipple mill, to the
Zanesville Woolen Manufacturing Company,
which is chartered, and has a capital stock of
$50,000.

Woolen Mills. — In 1815, Whipple and Put-
nam inaugurated a woolen mill, also called
"Clothing Works." Samuel H. Raymonton was
clothier, or superintendent, which position he
held two years. The mill was then leased to
George E. Clapp, (October 2, 1817,) who speaks
of it as a "Cloth Dressing and Dyeing Works."
October 18, 1818, Mr. Clapp announces in the
Zanesville "Express" that he is still operating
the mills of Whipple & Putnam, at the east end
of Putnam bridge. The mill was afterwards
sold to J. R. Thomas, and not long after was
closed.

Potteries — The first pottery was inaugurated
by Solomon Purdy, west of Putnam avenue, be-
tween Jefferson and Madison streets, in 1820.
Red and yellow ware, bowls, plates and dishes
were made there.

Thomas Wilbur started a pottery about four
miles west of Zanesville, on the Cooper Mill
road, in 1824, and manufactured stone ware.
The establishment had a capacity of 80,000 gal-
lons per annum.

Rich's Pottery — Prosper Rich started a pot-
tery about three miles west of Zanesville, in 1827,
(on the Cooper Mill road) and manufactured
stoneware. This establishment had a capacity
of 80,000 gallons per annum.

There are other potteries, of which the date of
starting, however, cannot be given, viz. :

The Mout's pottery, two and a half miles from
the city, on the Cooper Mill road.

That of Mr. J. Boddeen, on Flint Ridge road,
one mile from the city.

Samuel Havens, at "Hubbtown," four miles
from the city, on the Flint Ridge road.

Joseph Bell, _ formerly of the William Brown
shop, five miles from the city, on the Flint Ridge
road. They have an avefage capacity of 80,000
gallons per annum. The price per gallon is gen-
erally four and a half cents.

At the time of the annexation of Putnam to
Zanesville, Putnam had five potteries, viz. : H.
M. Wilbur, two ; J. C. Wilbur, one ; J. B. Wil-
liams, one, and John Scott, one. They had an
average capacity of 80,000 gallons per annum
each, and the estimated value of the ware was
four and a half cents per gallon.

Oil Mill. — In the year 1828, John Goshen
erected an oil mill on the lot adjoining the Moxa-
hala avenue Church, on the north. It is pre-
sumed this was a linseed oil mill, as castor beans
had not been grown in any section convenient to
that mill at that time. Samuel Atkinson was the
superintendent. In 1838, the mill was sold to
Messrs. Russell & Cutler, who changed it into a
fiouring mill.

societies.

Temperance Society. — The first was organ-
ized at a public meeting, for that purpose, No-
vember 15, 1830, at which Edward Putnam was
Chairman, and W. H. Moore, Secretary.

The oflBcers'were : John Goshen, President;
Edward Putnam, Vice President ; A. A. Guthrie,
Secretary ; S. Chapman, Treasui-er. W. H.
Moore, Horace Nye, Thomas Wilbur, William
Hadley, and A. Joselyn, Directors.

The prominent members were earnest, devoted
Christian men, and exercised a great influence
in the community. It was well organized, and
its officers were noted for the prompt performance
of their duties. In December, 1850, it number-
ed 813 members. The last officers were elected
November 15, 1852, and were: H. Saffbrd,
President; S. Seamans, Vice President ; Lawson
Wiles, Secretary ; S. Mervin, Treasurer ; and the
following Board of Directors : Valentine Best,
L. B. Ball, J. B, Erwin, R. N. Dunlap, and J.
R. Thomas.

Many of the members of this Society were also
members of the Sons of Temperance, and did
not think it worth while to keep up both organi-
zations. The latter was organized April 28,
1848. They applied for, and obtained, a charter
under a general act of the Legislature.

F. R. Potts, Lawson Wiles, and J. B. Erwin,
were elected Trustees, and Z. M. Chandler,
Clerk.

Emancipation Society. — On Monday even-
ing, June 24th, 1833, Levi Whipple, A. G.
Allen, Thomas Gurney, M. B. Cushing and H.
C. Howells, met at the residence of the latter,
(which is still standing on the northeast corner
of Van Buren street and Woodlawn avenue,) to
discuss the subject of slavery and oppression,
with a view to attempt the organization of a
society "on the broad principle of total emanci-
pation, as soon as possible." After the discus-
sion, it was agreed that each iodiyidual present

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

147

\ \ \ \ \

should invite his friends to another meeting,
which was appointed to be held on the following
Saturday evening, at the office of Mr. Whipple,
which stood on what is now Muskingum avenue,
and between the present residences of Mr. A.
C. Ross and Mr. William R. Hazlett. This was
with a view to the formation of a Society "for
the promotion of Freedom and Universal
Rights," and a committee consisting of Messrs.
Whipple, Howells and Allen, was appointed to
draft a constitution to be submitted for adoption
to those who should assemble.

At the meeting, there were present : Levi
Whipple, Chairman ; John Goshen, Thomas
Gurney, Horace Nye, H. C. Howells, M. B.
Gushing, John Quigley, Charles Matthews,
William Joiner and A. G. Allen, who acted as
Secretary. The committee previously appointed,
presented a constitution which was adopted, and
signed .by all save Mr. Goshen and Mr.
Matthews.

The first public meeting was held July 4th,
1833, in the Zanesville Presbyterian Church,
when, after discussion, the constitution was
amended, and the name of the organization
changed to the "Muskingum County Emancipa-
tion Society to promote the Abolition of Slavery
and of Oppressive Laws." This constitution,
though not numerously signed in the city, re-
ceived the signatures of two hundred and twenty
persons in various parts of the county, within a
short time.

October 26th, 1833, the monthly concert of
prayer for the abolition of slavery was estab-
lished, and held at first in the Stone Academy,
and for many years thereafter in the basement of
the Presbyterian Church, in Putnam, on the last
Monday evening o£ every month.

A Bible class for colored adults was formed,
and subsequently a colored Sabbath School, the
classes in which afterward entered the Sabbath
School, and remained till, gradually, the colored
people organized schools of their own.

In the winter of 1834, petitions were signed
here, and forwarded to the Legislature of the
State, praying for the amelioration of the condi-
tion of its colored population ; particularly, that
they might be permitted to give testimony in the
courts, and allowed to participate in the benefits
of the school fund — and to Congress, asking for
the immediate abolition of slavery in the District
of Columbia, and of the slave trade between the
United States.

Previously, however, the friends of coloniza-
tion had forme* a society, and though the line
of separation between them and the friends of
immediate emancipation soon began to widen,
and opposition arose, yet they all united, in the
winter of 1835, in numerously signed petitions,
both to the Legislature of the State and to Con-
gress, renewing the requests made by friends of
emancipation the winter previous.

About this time, Jacob Stout, a member ot the
society, was fined fifty dollars for employing a
colored man, one Mark Turner, and taking ex-
ceptions to this decision, the society employed

Messrs. Goddard and Convers in his defense.

A State convention was appointed to be held
here, April 22d, 1835, ^^^ during the March
previous, Mr. Theodore D. Weld, afterwards
distinguished as an abolition speaker, came, by
invitation, to lecture. His meetings created great
opposition and excitement, and under date of
April II, 1835, t'^e records of the society show
that a committee was appointed to confer with
Richard Stillwell, Esq., (afterwards Judge Still-
well), then Prosecuting Attorney of this county,
in relation to the disturbance of these meetings,
with a view to secure means for their prevention.
During the convention, bands of riotous persons,
encouraged by more respectable but more guilty
men, crossed the river, disturbed its sessions,
defaced the Academy where they were held, in-
sulted ladies who had been in attendance, and
succeeded in breaking up the convention. They
threatened to burn the dwellings of Major Nye,
Mr. Howells and Mr. A. A. Guthire, which for
some time had to be guarded by their friends,
there being here no municipal government.

The feeling of hostility against the friends of
emancipation had at length, in some degree,
subsided, when the State Anti-Slavery Society
again assembled here in convention, the last of
May, 1839. The announcement of the contem-
plated meeting, however, kindled anew the
slumbering fires of passion, and there were is-
sued various inflammatory documents, and among
them a hand-bill captioned the "Resurrection of
Abolitionists in Putnam." It was filled with the
bitterest invectives, and was calculated to excite
the worst passions of the human heart. It had
its legitimate and intended effect. Evil minded
persons began to prowl around the village during
the stillness of the convention, and on the night
of its adjournment fired the barn of Adam
France, because he had stabled the horses of
delegates, and the succeeding night burne^ the
barn of Mr. Whipple for the same reason. ' One
of the rioters, Mike Casey, was arrested and
convicted I but, while being taken to jail,' was
rescued on the lower bridge by an armed, band
of his associates, and taken in triumph to Z^es-
ville. The appearance of this party and'their
report of proceedings, caused the crowd already
gathered, to rush down Third street and through
the bridge, threatening to burn the village. At
the western end of the bridge, however, they
encountered the Mayor of Putnam, Mr. Z. M.
Chandler, with an armed police, and were
warned that if they attempted to advance furtheir
it would be at their peril. After parleying a
while, they slowly retreated, with bitter curses
on the abolition town! This assault led, at the
instance of Mr. R. N. Dunlap, to the organiza-
tion of the "Putnam Greys," a military company
which, under the drill of Capt. Jesse P. Hatch,
a graduate of Capt. Partridge's Military School
at Norwich, Vermont, became one of the finest
miHtary companies in the State, and was for
years an institution of this place.

To the credit of those living in Putnam, who
diflfered from the emancipationists on the slavery

148

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

question, it should be said that they were a unit
with them in defending the village. Nor should
they be regarded as pro-slavery men. But they
differed widely from thlase who advocaced imme-
diate emancipation as the best and safest way of
removing the overgrown, threatening and abom-
inable system of American servitude. •

Foundry. — In 1835, Lawson Henry and Jacob
Anderson built a foundry, on Moxahala avenue,
just north of the Oil Mill. They manufactured
all kinds of hollow-ware. In 1845, butt-hinges
were manufactured in this building, also ; in-
cluding plows. The foundry is still in' operation,
and is now owned by Pierce Ratliff.

The Village of Putnam was incorporated in
1835, and the first meeting of the Council was
held July 4th of that year. The following were
their first officers :

William H. Moore, Mayor.

William C. Ely, Recorder.

John Goshen, Samuel Ashmore, John Balthis,
Edwin Putnam, and Joseph R. Thomas, Trus-
tees.

Julius C. Guthrie, Street Commissioner.

David Munch, Treasurer.
, Benjamin Graham, Marshall and Collector.

The officers elected in 187 1, the last preceding
the annexation to the city of Zanesville, were :

Dr. J. Erwin, Mayor.

W. E. Guthrie, R^ecorder.

Dr. O. C. Farquhar, Isaac Stiers, A. J. Jos-
selyn, Pierce Ratliff", and J. W. Carter, Trustees.

Glass Works. — This establishment was built
in 1845, on the southeast corner of Muskingum
avenue and Harrison street. It is operated by
Carter, Burns & Kearns. They manufacture
fruit-jars, principall}^

"Bucket Factory." — This establishment was
built, between the river and the foundry, in 1845,
by John Buckingham, William Buckingham,
and George N. Guthrie. This establishment
was built for a saw and planing mill, but, for
some unaccountable reason, was called "Bucket
Factory." It is owned and operated by George
N. Guthrie.

Putnam Building, Loan, and Savings Asso-
ciation.— This association was incorporated
March 2d, 1869. The incorporators were : Hen-
ry Jones, Perry Miles, C. D. Caldwell, J. Ran-
dall, J. Buckingham, and J. B. Williams. Hen-
ry Jones was elected President and W. E. Guth-
i"ie Secretary.

The capital stated was $200,000. The shares
were $100 each.

The Putnam Classical, Institute, — This
institution, now known as " Putnam Female
male Seminary," is located in that part of the
city of Zanesville formerly known as "the village
of Putnam." The institution owes its inception
to Miss Sarah Sturges Buckingham, afterwards
wife of Rev. George Beecher. Returning from
school in Hartford, she felt the great need of bet-
ter educational advantages for the young ladies
of her native place and its vicinity, and through

her labors and liberality a girls' school was in-
auguarated, in 1835, in the building known as
"the Stone Academy," and now the residence
of Mrs. Robins. A Miss Mather, governess in
Mrs. Buckingham's family, was placed in charge
of the school, the interest in which grew, until
a; plan was matui-ed for the seminary, which
was incorporated by the following act :

"An act to incorporate the Trustees of the Put-
nam Classical Institute —

"Whereas, certain individuals in the town of
Putnam, in the county of Muskingum, for the
purpose of advancing the cause of education,
have associated themselves together,' and organ-
ized a Board of Trustees ; and whereas, an act
of incorporation would greatly facilitate the ob-
ject they have in view ; therefore, Be it enacted
by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio :

"Section ist. That WilHam H. Beecher,
Levi Whipple, Alvah Buckingham, Julius C.
Guthrie, Solomon Sturges, and Albert A. Guth-
rie, and their successors, be, and they are here-
by declared to be, a body corporate and politic,
with perpetual succession, to be known and dis-
tinguished by the name and style of the "Trus-
tees of the Putnam Classical Institute."

"Sec. 2d. That the said Trustees, by their
corporate name aforesaid, shall be competent to
sue and be sued, plead, and be impleaded, de-
fend and be defended, in all courts of law or
equity ; may have a common seal, and alter the
same at any time ; and may fill all vacancies in
their own body which may occur by death or
otherwise, and may add to their number at dis-
cretion.

"Sec. 3d. That the said Trustees (a majori-
ty of whom shall constitute a Board) shall have
power to appoint a President, Secretary and
Treasurer, and such other officers and agents as
they may deem necessary, and the said other of-
ficers may or may not be of their own number ;
and the said Trustees may ordain and establish
such laws, rules, and i-egulations for the govern-
ment of said corporation as thej' may deem pro-
per ; provided, that the same be not inconsistent
with the Constitution of the laws of the United
States and of this State.

"Sec. 4th. That the Trustees, in their corpo-
rate capacit}', and their successors in office, shall
be capable of — in law — receiving and acquiring^
either by purchase, devise, gift, bequest, or oth-
erwise, property, real, personal, or mixed ; to be
used, improved, expended, or conveyed, for the
benefit of said Institute, provided, that such
property shall be held and used ©nty for literary
purposes ; provided further, that any future Leg-
islatiu-e shall have power to alter, amend, or re-
peal this act, provided such alteration, repeal, or
amendment, shall not affect the title to any es-
tate, real or personal, acquired or conveyed un-
der its provisions, or diverted to any other use
than originally intended.

"William Medill,
"Speaker ^^-o tcni. House of Representatives.
"Elijah Vance,

Feb. 29th, 1836. "Speaker of Senate."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

149

Under the new dispensation, Miss L. A. Em-
erson, of Newburyport, Massachusetts, was em-
ployed as Principal, in October, 1835, with Miss
Mather and Miss Sarah S. Buckingham as as-
sistants. Miss Daniels, as teacher of Music, and
old Mr. Hobbie for occasional lessons in French.
The" school was opened in the "Stone Acad-
emy," with fifteen scholars. Thefollowing year
it was removed to the basement of the Presby-
terian Church, which had just been completed,
and measures were taken to provide for an insti-
tute building. Mrs. Eunice Buckingham, con-
tributed ten thousand dollars for this purpose,
and to this generous gift, Mr. Solomon Sturges
and Alva Buckingham added five thousand dol-
lars each, and a piece of ground, "being a
part of lot 'No. 27, in the town of Putnam, which
is butted and bounded as follows, to-wit : Begin-'
ning at the northeast corner of outlot 22, from
thence, run southwardly in the line of Fourth
street, one hundred and sixty-seven feet, to the
northeast corner of the Presbyterian meeting
house lot ; thence westwardly, at right angles
with Fourth street, three hundred and eighty-
six feet, to a point or corner ; thence northward-
ly, parallel to Fourth street, to the north boundary
of said lot 27 ; thence east in the line of lots 22
and 27, three hundred and eightj^-six feet, to the
place of beginning, estimated to contain one
acre, eighty-eight hundredths (i. 88-100), be the
same more or less." The said purchase, for the
lot described, from Levi Whipple to Putnam
Classical Institute, for "the sum of four hundred
dollars." Deed dated February 11, 1837, enter-
ed for record March 28, 1838 ; recorded March
29, 1838, in Record of Deeds, Book "U," pages
27 and 28.

The work of erecting and furnishing the Sem-
inary building was pushed forward with great
energy, and completed and occupied in the au-
tumn of 1838. It is a brick edifice, one hundred
and ten feet long, forty-five feet wide, and three
stories high, and contains double parlors, office,
dining room, kitchen, school hall, library, reci-
tation and music rooms, with grates ; the building
is lighted with gas, and substantially furnished.
The back building, containing the gymnasium,
bath rooms and laundries, was erected by a
member of the Board of Trustees, in 1855. The
present roof, (a mansard) was put on by C. W.
Potwin and James Buckingham, in 18^8, at an
expense of eight thousand dollars. The build-
ing is near the back part of the grounds, which
are well kept, and shaded by beautiful trees.
The lawn affords ample room for pleasant recre-
ation, and is an ornament to the locality.

In addition to the ten thousand dollars given
toward the building, Mrs. Eunice Buckingham
left by her will an additional bequest. [See the
following extract from her will.] Mrs. Eunice'
Buckingham died in March, 1843, and left in her
will, as follows:

"I give and bequeath unto my executors., here-
inafter named, and to the survivors and survivor
of them, and to each such person or persons as
such survivor of them, may in manner hereinaf-

ter provided designate, and appoint successor or
successors in this behalf, the following sums of
money, in trust, for the uses and purposes here-
inafter mentioned, and expressly declared, and
for no other. That is to say :

First — The sum of ten thousand dollars, in
trust, to invest the same in such stocks, proper-
ty, securities, and other investments as they at
the time of investing the same may deem safe
and beneficial, and all or any of such invest-
ments, again and again, from time to time, and
at any time, to alter and change, and the same
to reinvest in the same manner as herein above
provided for the investment thereof; and all div-
idends, interest, income, and proceeds thereof,
which may be received by them, after deducting
the expenses of investing, reinvesting and man-
aging the said fund, to pay over semi-annually,
on the first days of January and July in each
and every year, unto my daughters, Sarah S.
Beecher, wife of George Beecher, Catharine B.
Convers, wife of Charles C. Convers, and Mar-
tha Buckingham, (notwithstanding the cover-
ture of them, or any of them) the survivors and
survivor of them, and to each such persons or
person as the survivor of them maj'. (notwith-
standing coverture) by last will and testament,
or by any writing in nature of a last will and tes-
tament, (which she is hereby authorized to
make) designate, or appoint as her successor or
successors, herein to be by my said daughters,
the survivors and survivor of them, and her
successors or successor aforesaid, appropriated
and applied in such manner as they may think
proper, to and for the educatio# and support at
the Putnam Female Classical Institute, or else-
where, of such females desirous of obtaining
an education as they may deem worthy and
proper objects of this bequest ; who shall always
be designated and elected by my said daughters,
the survivors and survivor of them, and her suc-
cessors and successor, aforesaid.

"Provided, however, that if my said daughters,
the survivors and survivor of them, and her suc-
cessors and successor as aforesaid, shall not de-
mand for the purposes aforesaid of the said exec^
utors, the survivors or survivor of them, or his
successors or successor, as aforesaid, any semi-
annual dividend, with interest, income and pro-
ceeds within the period of three months next .af-
ter the same shall have become payable to them,
as above provided, then, my said executors, the
survivors or survivor of them, his successors or
successor aforesaid, shall pay at any time after
the aforesaid period of three months, over, on
demand to the Treasurer for the time being of
The Putnam Classical Institute, any such semi-
annual payments, so remaining uncalled for by
mj' said daughters, the survivors- or survivor of
them, or their successors or successor aforesaid,
for the aforesaid period of three months ; to be
by the Trustees of said Putnam Classical Insti-
tute appropriated and applied to the payment of
the teachers employed by them for such Institute,
or at the election of my said daughters, the sur-
vivors or survivor of them, her successors or sue-

15°

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

cesser aforesaid, to be appropriated and applied
for the purchase of such apparatus, books, etc.,
for the use of such Institute as my said daughters,
the survivors or survivor of them, or their suc-
cessors or successor aforesaid may order or
direct, or for making such alterations or improve-
ments in and upon the buildings and grounds of
the said Institute as my said daughters, the survi-
vors or survivor of them, or her successors or
successor aforesaid may order or direct ; and I do
hereby expressly declare that the foregoing be-
quest for the benefit of the said Putnam Classical
Institute as herein before provided, is upon the
express condition that the visitorial power over
such Putnam Classical Institute, in its fullest ex-
tent, shall always be vested and remain in my
said daughters, the survivors or survivor of them,
and her successors and successor aforesaid, and
that the foregoing bequest to«my said daughters,
the survivors or survivor of them, and her suc-
cessors or successor aforesaid, for the education
and support of such females as aforesaid, is upon
the express condition that the designation and
selection of the said females to be educated and
supported as aforesaid, and the manner of edu-
cating and supporting them, and everything else
whatsoever, which may in anywise relate to the
appropriation and disposition of the said divi-
dends, interest, income and proceeds for the
education and support of such females as afore-
said, shall be forever exclusively vested and re-
main in my said daughters, the survivors or sur-
vivor of them, her successors or successor afore-
said; who shall not be in anywise restrained or
controlled by,. or*required under any pretence
whatsoever to account to, or before any person
or persons, or any Tribunal, Legislature, Judi-
cial or otherwise. I do order and declare that all
receipts signed by any one of my said daughters,
or of their successors aforesaid, for any of the
dividends, interest, income and proceeds afore-
said, shall always be good and sufficient
vouchers, and acquittances in this behalf, for
my said executors, the survivors or survivor of
them, and his successors or successor aforesaid,
and it shall not be: necessary for all of my said
daughters or their successors or successor afore-
said, to join in such receipts, and I do further
order and declare that the receipts of the Treas-
urer for the time being of the said Putnam Class-
ical Institute, or any one of the Trustees thereof,
for any of the said dividents, interest, income
and proceeds, not paid over to my said daughters,
the survivors or survivor of them, or her succes-
sor or successors, afoi-esaid, shall be good and
sufficient vouchers and acquittances in this be-
half for any said executors, the survivors and
survivor of them, and his successors and succes-
sor, aforesaid. * * * • * *

"And I hereby authorize and empower my
said executors, the survivors or survivor of them,
if they, or he, shall see proper to do so, at any
time, to transfer and pay over to the said Trus-
tees of the Putnam Classical Institute, the afore-
said principal sum of ten thousand dollars,
either before or after the investment thereof as

aforesaid, to be by the said Trustees of the Put-
nam Classical Institute, managed in manner
hereinbefore pointed out and held in trust for
the same uses, trusts and purposes thereinbefore
mentioned and declared, and charged upon the
same, and for no other use, trust, or purpose."

A portion of the interest of this endowment
fund has been ^ased by her heirs each year since
1846 or 1847 in obtaining and sustaining the
"Buckingham Library," which now comprises
over 3,000 volumes, and is located in a suitable
room in the Institute building, and to which has
been added a valuable geological cabinet, pre-
sented by Colonel John W. Foster, at one time
State Geologist of Ohio. The library and cabi-
nent are for the benefit of the school, free of
charge, and the citizens have access thereto for
*a small fee. The school is furnished with chem-
ical and philosophical apparatus, microscopes,
planetarium, and a large collection of maps and
charts.

The Course of Study embraces a prepar-
atory, academic and collegiate department, the
latter including Latin. Special attention has
been given to the arrangement and preparation
for accomplishing the curriculum, concerning
which the Principal, D. J. Evans, A.M., tersely
says : "A ready command and accurate use of
the mother tongue is the greatest intellectual
benefit of education, and should be kept in mind
in preparing men and women for active life ;"
and, concerning French and German: "The
literature of these languages combines the deep-
est philosophy and the highest culture of the
modern world, and a knowledge of them is in-
valuable in giving depth to our language, breadth
to our views and polish to our education. The
course of Latin is of such extent as we deem
necessary to good education, and aids to acquire
the mastery of the English language." The en-
tire course may be accomplished in the three
years assigned. Of music, he says: "An ex-
tensive course has been laid down and will be
followed. The teacher possesses superior quali-
fications— both a thorough knowledge of the art
and a rare aptness to teach."

Our readers will not be surprised that the Prin-
cipal of this school should give prominence to
music, when the}' recall thenamesof Bach, Han-
del, Gluck, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Weber,
Rossini, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schuman, and
the grand army of composers that have clustered
about these masters, and note with what majestic
power they have swayed the world. These are
classic names, indeed, spoken with rapture akin
to reveretice by every intelligent discerner of
"the concordof sweet sounds." Hence we infer
much when we learn that "an extensive course
has been laid down and will be followed." For
there is no fathoming Bach. A lifetime would
not suffice to unearth all that he has left, and to
understand it thoroughly. This, however, should
not deter the lover of music from making an early
acquaintance with the great master ; and to those
who would do so, here is the advice of one far
more capable of giving it than the present writer.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

iSi

Herr Pauer says : "I would advise all students
to begin with the six small preludes, and after-
ward to take the inventions for two parts. When
the mechanical difficulties of these delicious little
duets have been conquered, the fifteen sympho-
nies for three parts may be attempted. The six
French suites should come next, and after these
the six duet sonatas for clavecin and violin, or
those for clavecin and flute may be taken. Next
I would recommend the six great English suites,
and the charming partitas, the Italian concerto,
the different toceatas. Only after such prepara-
tion should the student begin the forty-eight pre-
ludes and figures called 'The Well-tempered
Clavecin.' " And, if such be the opinion of one
of Germany's gifted sons, what shall we say of
Handel ? Like a sweet refrain, the opinion comes :
Of all those glorious names inscribed on the roll
of Master Musicians, not one perhaps is more re-
vered, or is more familiar to the people, either by
his name or his works, than this great man, who
has immortalized his name with the most grand
narratives of Holy Writ. Nearly two hundred
years have rolled by since he penned his heav-
enly melodies, and yet they always come to our
ears as fresh and welcome as spring flowers.
What a preacher and poet ! What thousands of
hearts must have been turned by his tone-preach-
ing ! Where is the prelate who can move our
souls as they are moved by Handel's "Mes-
siah?"

But the plan of this work will not permit more
than the graceful presentation of historic truth
pertaining to the country, and so we forbear any-
thing more than a glimpse at the subject. Suf-
fice it that no extensive course in music will de-
serve the name, unless it embrace some knowl-
edge of those authors.

The present teacher of music, Miss Emeretta
Comstock, will doubtless lead her pupils through
many selections from these inspired authors.

The original Board of Trustees, with 'the ex-
ception of the Rev. William Beecher (who is the
only one now living), served as Trustees as long
as they lived. The. Re v. Addison Kingsbury,
who succeeded Mr. Beecher. as President of the
Board of Trustees, served nearly forty years, and
Mr. A. A. Guthrie, as its Secretary and Treas-
urer, signed every diploma given, from its be-
ginning until his death, in 1874. '^^^ vacancies
that have occurred in the Board of Trustees have
been filled from among the most prominent gen-
tlemen of the city, the controlling influence being
given to the representatives of those who founded
the institution.

Until the fall of i860, the affairs of the Institute
were under the direct management of the Trus-
tees,_ who employed teachers, paid salaries and
bills, made up deficiencies, and generally aided
the school. Since that time, they have given the
use of the building and premises, without charge,
and the entire control of the school, to the princi-
pal teacher, the Board of Trustees retaining the
powers vested in it, except duties devolving on
the Principal as such, which are defined.

At the discretion of the Board of Trustees, a

portion of the Buckingham fund is used to pay
the expenses of young ladies who could not oth-
erwise avail themselves of the advantages of the
school, and several, each year, have been thus
favored.

Lectures on History, Science or General Lit-
erature are given every year, in addition to the
regular course of instruction.

The present Board of Trustees is composed of
Rev. George F. Moore, President ; C. W. Pot-
win, L. Wiles, F. J. L. Blandy, Hon. H. J.
Jewett, J. Buckingham, and Rev. A. Kings-
bury, D. D.

LIST OF TEACHERS.

1836-39. — Principal, Miss L. A. Emerson ;
Assistifnts, from 1836 to '37: Miss Mather, Miss
S. Buckingham, Miss Daniels, Mrs. Clark, Mr.
Hobbie, arid Prof. F. Timmel, and for 1837-8-9,
Mrs. S. A. McFarland and Miss Frances Dana,
Price.

1839-40. — Principals : Misses E. and H. Lang-
don ; Assistants: Miss Eliz^ V. Safford, Miss
Anna Gillett, and Herr F. Timmel.

1840-43. — Principal, Miss Lucy P. Tappan ;
Assistants: Misses Walkinson, Marion, Harriet
Darling, Harriette A. Lockwood, and Prof. Fer-
dinand Timmel.

1843-45. — Principal, Miss Marion A. Hawkes ;
Assistants : Misses Susan F. Hawkes, Harriette
A. Lockwood, H. Jane Atwood, and Prof. Tim-
mel.

1845-46. — Principal, General C. P. Bucking-
ham ; Assistants : Mrs. Buckingham, Misses

Susan F. Hawkes, Williams, Perking,

Hartley, and Prof. Timmel.

1846-51. — Principal, Miss Mary Cone; As-
sistants : Misses Margaret A. Bailey, Mary ].
Sanborn, Mrs. Ann Ward, Prof^ Timmel, Miss
Caroline S. Humphrey, Mr. H. D. Munson,
Misses Amanda A. Hodgman, Alice S. Cone,
Agnes W. Beecher, Millard M. Slaughter, Mary
S. Guthrie.

1851-54. — Principal, Miss C. Augusta Gregg ;
Assistants : Misses Margaret A. Bailey, Agnes
W. Beecher, Julia Thompson, Mary H. Harris,
L. M. Clark, M. W. Benton, Prof. Timmel,
Misses M. L. Kellogg, J. A. Thompson, M. S.
Wheeler, L. Hinkle, M. Hartwell, J. A. Cutter,
F. O. Goodale, J. Stanwood, M. L. Waters, J.
A. Colburn, M. Crane, and C. L. Dudley.

1854-58. — Principal, Miss Maria L. Hubbard ;
Assistants : Misses Abby N. Smith, Harriette E.
Howard, Annie C. Mayhew, Amanda A. True,
Mary Buckingham, Anna P. Clarke, Mary P.
Hastings, Prof. Timmel ; Misses Estelle Ditson,
Caroline E. Hosmer, Caroline L. Dudley, Sarah
R. Hubbard, Edith D. Mathews, Abby F. Hub-
bard, Martha R. Cutter, Caroline D. L. Kress,
Julia M. Howard, Mary P. Beach, Maria Par-
sons, Elizabeth Fulton, Mary C. Thompson.

1858-59. — Principal, Miss Martha Eastman ;
Assistants: Misses Clementine M. Courrier,
Hannah Noble, Adeline Sargent, Caroline D. L.
Kress, Elizabeth Fulton, Harriet Minott, M. An-
nette Strong, Clara E, Palmer.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1859-60. — Principal, Miss Mary A. Strong;
Assistants : Misses Clara E. Palmer, Helen No-
ble, Helen M. Richards, Maria Parsons, Caro-
line D. L. Kress, Lavinia B. Dibble.

1860-61. — Principal, Franklin Wood, A.M.;
Assistants: James C. Beekman, A.B., Misses
Hannah Noble, Maria A. Parsons, Sarah D.
McMillan, Cordelia J. Fletcher, Emily Larimore.

1861-65. — Principal, Mrs. E. A. Porter; As-
sistants : Misses Anna Mast, K. M. Richards,
S. Leonard, Harriet Sessions, Alma Leonard,
Mary B, Putnam ; Mr. John Metcalf, Librarian.

1865-66.— Miss Edith Mathews had a day
school in the Seminary.

1866-75. — Principal, Miss S. L. Chapman ;
Assistants: Misses F. Caldwell, M. R. Wil-
liams, J. A. Williams, Kate Derby, M'lfc Mar-
chaud. Misses L. M. Bigelow, F. S. Nye, J. M.
Gray, A. M. Stillwell, B..C..Graves, Julia Wyt-
tenbach, Mrs. Everett, Misses Caroline A. Far-
ley, J. A. Tenney, Anna Price, Julia M. Gray,
H. Thompson, J. A. Huntington, M'lle A. Ra-
gazzi, S. J. Turner, M. A. Pollock, M. D. East-
man, C. Townsend, M'lle M. Sixte, E. M. Berx-
ton, M. E. Brooks, M. E. Swazey, M'lle D. B.
eigne, E. V. Eastman, P. Burns.

1875-76. — Principal, Rev. Ebenezer Bucking-
ham, D.D. ; Assistants: Mrs. E. N. Bucking-
ham, Misses Laura Buckingham, Sarah M.
Barrows, Rev. W. P. Shrom, Misses Mary G.
Fulton, Caroline A. Farley, Marion M. Imrie,
•and Madam M. Maimon.

1876-80. — Principal, Mrs. J. Baldwin Ackley ;
Associate, Miss M. H. Baldwin ; Assistants :
Prof. Charles H. Dixon, A.M., Misses Virginia
L. Stevens, Anna M. Sykes, Marion M.. Imrie,
Madam M. J. Mettke, Misses Edna Kinnear, L.
J. Vorhis, Mary S. Dunlap, Sarah Lewis, Sarah
E. Rollo, Mrs. Mary Cowles, Madam Bade
Garcia, Rev. A. R. Levy, Miss A. Thompson,
Mrs. C. D. Lyons, Mrs. L. G. Shrom, Prof. E.
De Beaumont.

1880. — Principal, D. Evans, A.M. ; Assistants :
B. C. Davis, Mrs. B. C. Davis, Misses M. M.
Fleming, Sarah E. Rollo, and Mary S. Dunlap ;
and, in 1881, Miss Rollo was succeeded by Miss
Emeretta Comstock.

GRADUATES.

The list up to 1844 is very imperfect, and it is
now impossible to arrange them in classes ; the
names obtained, known to have graduated prior
to that time, are as follows :

Catharine P. Buckingham, Martha H. Buck-
ingham, Mary Mathews, Frances Dana, Abigail
Browning, Sarah Van Beusen, Emily Mold,
Melissa Stone, Achsah Cherry, Caroline Elliot,
Hannah Justis, Charlotte B. Parker, Lucy M.
Whipple, Jane Becket, Lillie Gould.

Class of 1844. — Luanna Brush, Sarah C.
Fracker, Sarah M. Goddard, Caroline E. Hale,
Lucretia Mason, Harriet E. Jewett, Catharine T.
Miser, Martha A. Seymour, Sarah Sturgis,
(Potwin.)

Class of 1845. — Jane Gould, Sarah H. Hall,
Elizabeth N. Horr (Buckingham), Susan C.
Hoyt, Maria E. Miller.

Class of 1846.— Esther S. Guthrie (Silvey),
Maria Hopkins, Clara D. T^amb.

Class of 1847. — Alice S. Cone (Brush), Eliza-
beth G. Goddard, Isabella F. Howard.

Class of 1848. — Julia A. Buckingham (Cox),
Mary S. Guthrie (Fulton).

Class of 1849. — Alice C. Goddard, Sarah J.
Smith, Amanda B. Sturges (Bond).

Class of 1850. — Agnes W. Beecher (Allen),
Mary S. Gilbert (Van Home).

Class of 1 85 1. —Kate J. Gilbert.

Class of 1852. — Mary L. Bailey, Amelia
Guthrie (King), Lizzie A. King, Mary M. Ran-
kin.

Class of 1853. — Mercy Adams, Virginia E.
Copeland, Josephine E. Tishburn, Rose A.
Hahn, Lucretia V. Hosmer, Margaret Patton,
Martha Rankin, Betty A. SafFord, Romaine M.
Vinton.

Class of 1854. — Caroline M. Belknap, Lizzie
Hinkle, Sallie Peters, Eliza V. Safford.

Class of 1855. — Mary P. Barker, Amanda T.
Buckingham, Indiana S. Copeland, Mary E.
Haver (Kingsbur}'), Caroline Haver (Wor thing-
ton), Edith D. Matthews (Canby), Lucy Munch,
Mary C. Nye.

Class of 1856. — Mary Allen, Anna Blandy,
Anna B. Cram, Esther E. Dulty, Frances L.
Sherwood, Amanda A. True.

Class of 1857. — Margaret D. Allen, Maria J.
Banks, Sarah F. Bowers, Ella F. Chapman,
Caroline DeWar, Harriet A. Dinsmore, Hannah
Galigher, Annie Haines, Maria Parsons, Julia
A. Peabody, Cornelia J. Robins.

Class of 1858. — Harriet A. Culbertson (Fill-
more), Ellen A. Duncan, Mary C. Duncan,
Mary E. Glessner, Caroline Jones (Wiles), Ju-
lietta R. Palmer, Kate Sturges, Louise A. Tur-
ner.

Class of 1859. — Virginia J. Ball, Lucy J. Ben-
nett, Fidelia A. Brainerd, Margaret J. Cassiday,
Anna Ellis, Lavinia C. Folger, Harriet B.
James, Anna P. Jennings, Elizabeth a Kear-
ney.

Class of i86o. — Elizabeth S. Fenstermaker,
Anna Leslie, Mary. A. Merrick, Sarah E. Ship-
man (Kingsbury), Mary C. Thompson.

Class of 1861. — Kate B. Convers, Cordelia J.
Fletcher, Sidney S. Matthiot, Jane E. Parsons,
Elmira Scott, Kate R. Thomas.

Class of 1862. — Ella A.Allen (Munson), An-
na S. Bradshaw, Anna M. Manly, Clara B.
Printz, Judith D. Peabody (Brush), Lizzie B.
Ross, Sue A. Stillwell.

Class of 1863. — Mary J. Brown, Julia A.
Clarke, Mary E. Chapman, Augusta Haver,
Hattie N. Lowe, Isadora Merrick, Fannie S.
Nye, Hannah A. Parsons, Ellen R. Peabody.

Class of 1864. — Alice Brown, Mary S. Dun-
lap, Marjr C. Guthrie, Anna L. Price, Susie
Thompson, Eliza VanHorne.

Class of 1865. — Sallie Gillis, Lizzie Gillespie,
Mary Springer, Jennie Ewarson, Rebecca
Campbell (Farquhar).

Class of 1866. — Josephine C. Stinger, Helen
M. Thompson.

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HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

153

Class of 1868 — Ella S. Brown, Laura Ful-
ton, Julia M. Gray, Clara D. Guthrie (Clark),
Rachel H. Huston, Lulu S. Potwin (Munson),
Rose B. Sterret, Julia E. Wiles.

Class of 1869. — -Mary D. Eastman, Minerva
T. Nye, Mary J. Roe."

Class ol 1870.— Kate M. Ashbaugh, Mattie
Taylor, Helen M. Twaddle. In Music, Vir-
ginia C. Darlington.

Class of 187 1. — Edith Eastman, Mary Gali-
gher, Edith S. Hahn, L. Eva Holt (Gilbert),
Mary M. Leggelt, Carrie E. Townsend (Lyon).
In Music, Carrie E. Townsend.

Class of 1872. — Lizzie S. Beaumont.

Class of 1873.— Lizzie M. Cox, Mary F.
Linn, Mary E. Munson, Cora Potwin (Ellis).

Class of 1874. — Carrie M. Beaumont, Con-
stance G. DuBois, Ella D. Sedgewick (Taylor).

Class of 1875. — Sophia Adams, MaryE. Rob-
ertson, Augusta Thompson", Clara S. Town-
send.

Class of 1876. — Elsie W. Buckingham, Cora
B. Black, Anna V. Culbertson, JessieA. Gless-
ner, Fannie L. Russell, Ida A. Townsend.

Class of 1877. — Mary H. Buckingham, Mary
E. Reese (Baker).

Class of 1878. — Anna M. Granger, Lucy R.
Hazlett, Ella Richards.

Class of 1879. — Anna G. Arthur, Amy S.
Blandy, Kate C. Galigher, Cora M. Hubbell,
Mary J. McBride, Etta W. Pillsbury.

Class of 1880. — Lizzie Ayers-, Dora Black,
Katie Little, Cora Manly, Jennie Richards, Hat-
tie Townsend.

Class of 1881. — Emma Blandy, Anna Brown,
Nellie Buckingham, LilHan Chappelear, Mame
Conrade, Ada Galligher, Allie S. Gillespie,
Belle Gi-anger, Bessie Hoge, Bessie Hutchinson,
Bertie Leutz, Linnie Mason, Lillie R. S afford.

The City Council ot Zanesville applied to the
County Commissioners for the privilege of an-
nexing certain territory to that city. February
28, 1870, an ordinance was passed by the City
Council of Zanesville, applying to the County
Commissioners for the annexation of certain con-
tiguous territory ; this ordinance described, by
metes and bounds, south Zanesville, with all- its
additions. The County Commissioners met
May 18, 1870, for the purpose of considering the
act of Council, and granted their request.

June I, 1870, a transcript of the proceedings of
said County Commissioners was filed with the
City Council, that being their next regular meet-
ing. August I, 1870, the City Council created
the Seventh Ward of the city of Zanesville out
of the territory above described.

Putnam Annexed to Zanesville. — At a
meeting of the City Council of Zanesville, Feb-
ruary 26, 1872, an ordinance was passed annex-
ing the town of Putnam to the city of Zanesville,
and said ordinance, being submitted to the peo-
ple on the first Monday of April, 1872, was ap-
proved by a majority of their votes being cast in

favor of it.

At a meeting of the City Council, held April 22,

1872, an ordinance was passed accepting the
town of Putnam as an addition to the city of
Zanesville ; and on the 6th of May, following,
an ordinance was passed, constituting the said'
annexed territory the Ninth Ward of the city
of Zanesville.

"Cliffwood," and that portion of Putnam south
of it, was included in this annexation, as was also
that portion to the west line, and north of Mus--
kingum avenue, being the north line of said cor-
poration.

MERCHANTS, MECHANICS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN
OF SPRINGFIELD.

The following exhibit will be found more ex-
tensive in kind than Western villages can gener-
ally show, and eloquently sets forth the induce-
ments to settle in the community. The list be-
gins with the first merchant and first professional
man in Springfield. Some of these have succes-
sors at this day. The writer would willingly in-
dulge in reminiscenses concerning these, in or-
der to gratify a legitimate curiosity on the part
of the reader, and his own fondness for story-tell-
ing, and thus perpetuate their prominent traits of
character and influence in society, but feels con-
strained to do just as well as their posterity, who
have not been careful to preserve these, even in
a legendary form. So that it behooves the pres-
ent generation to take warning, that it may be
truly said — he lived.

No drop of that clear stream its way shall miss
To thy sire's heart, replenishing its source
With life, as the soul rejoins the universe.
Nor fail to fill the heart of the scion coming
With a loving«and ambitious longing,
A treasure ai the holiest memory —
Though his head be ne'er so hoary.

The list is given in the order in which the rep-
resentatives are believed to have appeared, only
following in the various classes :

Dr. Increase Matthews, merchant and phy-
sician.

General Merchants — Buckingham & Sturges,
Burlingame & Silvey, Philip Munch, M. B. Cush-
ing. Wills & Thomas, Spear & Helmick, J. R.
Thomas & Co., J. C. Guthrie, Smith & Shon-
man, A. A. Guthrie, WilHam Large, Elder &
McCoy, McCoy & Lodge, Seaman, Hiner &
McKnight, Samuel Atkinson, McCoy Brothers,
L. & P. Wiles, W. F. McCoy, J. R. Thomas,
William Munch and J. C. Gillespie.

Hardware — S. C. Hoover, Thomas Berkshire.

Jeweler — Henry Safford.

Tailors — ^John LaFerry, Samuel Ashmore,
William Berkshire , Rogers .

Saddle and Harness Makers — Manning Put-
nam, Adolphus Chandler, S. C. Haver, Z. M.
Chandler, John Frederickson.

Druggists —V>x . Mathews, E. Dillon, Joseph
Shaw.

Cabinet Makers— ]a.mes Sloan, Harry Gray,
Jesse Smith, Jr., Gray & Large, Eli Nesbaum,
John Drake.

»^

154

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Tinsmiths — V. Best, Best & Haver, Thomas
Berkshire.

Shoe and Boot Makers — ^John Russell, John
Waples, Benjamin Graham, Andrew Alexander,
D. Harden, Keen.

Tanners — Horace Nye, Levi Chapman,

Tanner, Peleg Mason, Jacob Reese, Wm. Reese,
A. M. Ewing, George Reese.

Millwrights — John Goshen, John 'Gold, John
Conwell, Thomas Wiles, Henry Goshen, James
Goshen, John Goshen, Jr.

7«'»5r«s-i— Leavens Ballentine, John Brock,
Adam Fronts.

Physicians — Drs. Mathews, Jesse Chandler,
Smith, Reed, Conant, Robert

Saiford, E. Dillon, Brown, E. A. Farquhar,

J. B. Erwin, J. R. Larzelere, 0. C. Farquhar.

Coolers Ross, James, Martin Jor-
dan, Wallace.

Blacksmiths— ^'■X\2iVa Miser, John Miser, Pe-
ter Miser, Philip Munch, John Balthis, Henry
Eli, Levi Clark, Stephen C. Smith.

Wagon and Carriage Makers — Abram Josse-
lyn, Ambrose Josselyn, Joshua Sites, LeviClark.

Gunsmiths — John Glass, Jonathan Brelsford,
Morgan Heaton, Samuel Glass.

Carpenters — ^John Goshen. John Gold, Samuel
Chapman, John Conwell, Benjamin King, Jer-
emiah Dare, M. Crane, Joseph Collins, Henry
Goshen, James Goshen, John Goshen, Jr., James
Alexander, John Clark, Calvin Thompson.

Wheelwrights — Daniel Stickney. Bernard
Monroe, Eli Green, Charles AUwine, Bernard
Allwine.

Hatters — Benjamin Rickets, John Kirk, John
Reese.

Stone and Brick Masons— ld\\n Holcomb, Ben-
jamin Tuttle,^John Randal.

Brick Makers — Samuel Simmons, Wm. Sim-
mons, Samuel Simmons, Jr., Samuel Luck, Jas,
Emery.

Millers^&s. Campbell, Wm. Perry, Benja-
min Samville, Joshua Buchanan, John Diamond,
William Lewis.

PERSONAL REMINISCENCES.

The following extracts are from a historical Re-
sume, by Rev. Addison Kingsbury, supplement-
ed by other friends, of those M'ho "bore the heat
and burden of the day," and serve to show those
traits of character that insure success wherever
found. . They are

"Footprints that perhaps another,
Sailing o'er life's solemn main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,
^ Seeing, shall take heart again."

. Albert Austin Guthrie was born in Newbury,
Washington county, Ohio, January 9th, 1803.
When a lad of thirteen he came to Putnam, and

was, for a time, a clerk, and afterwards a partner
of his elder brother, Julius C. Guthrie. In the
then state of society, the temptation was very
strong to spend his earnings with youthful asso-
ciates in amusement and dissipation, but con-
vinced of the ruinous tendency of such a course,
with characteristic decision, he shut himself up
in his own room and spent the hours, which oth-
ers worse than wasted, in studying the best Eng-
lish classics he could obtain, The evenings were
to him of priceless value. They broadened his
mind, cultured his taste, and laid a foundation
for future usefulness. * * He belonged
to the party of progress, by whatever name it
might be called. From its veiy commencement,
he took an active part in the temperance reform,
and was the first in this city to abandon the then
universal practice of "treating" customers. He
was also among the earliest and most ardent ad-
vocates of immediate emancipation, when almost
the entire sentiment of the community on the sla-
very question was against him. * * * He
was an efficient and successful anti-slavery lec-
turer, in this and adjoining counties, its advocate
in Presbytery and Synod, and, in the General
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church at Cleve-.
land, in 1857, he made an impromptu speech,
which was one of the most effective in that mem-
orable body. * * He was a model Sab-
bath-School Superintendent, and the school was
for many years a model Sabbath-School. * *
He was one of the original Trustees of the "Put-
nam Ladies' Seminary," and for many years
their secretary and financial agent. He was one
of the originators of "Woodlawn Cemetery," and
the first President of the Association, and a large
part of the work of laying out and adorning that
beautiful resting place for the dead is due to his
skill and taste. He delivered the address of its
dedication, in 1853. In domestic and social re-
lations, Mr. Guthrie was eminently qualified to
receive and give pleasure. The Austin Guthrie
of 1873 was the Austin Guthrie of 1833, un-
changed in all, except matured piety.

Then there was Major Nye, the man of mili-
tary bearing and iron will, into whose vocabulary
the word "can't" never entered; — a soldier,
every inch of him — whose greatest victory, how-
ever, was not the victory of arms, but of habits ;
whose love of personal liberty was not more
deep than his sympathy for those in bonds, and
under whose stern exterior thei-e throbbed a
heart of Christian kindness and inflexible integ-
rity, that would have braved the dungeon or the
stake in defense of truth, and the inaHenable
rights of man. His early life was coeval with
the first settlement of this State, and the history
and experience of its tragic scenes, its patient
toils and heroic sufferings, were familiar to him
as household words. He was born at Chester-
field, Mass., June 8th, 1786, and died February
15th, 1859.

Dr. Increase Mathews was the original pur-
chaser and one of the founders of Springfield, and
whom the Sabbath a^lways found in the house of
God, and whose libera^! qoritributions were freely

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

IS5

given to the various objects of Christian benevo-
lence abroad, as well as for the support of the
institutions of religion at home. He established
the first drug store, and was for several years the
only physician in the Muskingum Valley ; a man
of strict integrity, great simplicity and purity of
character, and a "gentleman of the old school."
He was born in Braintree, Mass., December
22nd, 1772, and died June 6th, 1856.

Alvah Buckingham was born at Ballston
Springs. New York," March 20th, 1791, and
with his parents and several brothers and sisters,
came to Ohio in the early part of the year 1800.
He came to this place in 1812, to assist his brother,
Ebenezer, and with him subsequently engaged in
mercantile pursuits, in which, while he was emi-
nently successful, he acquired an enviable repu-
tation for integrity. He possessed a clear, pen-
etrating mind, and his judgment was rarely at
fault. He was a member of the building com-
mittee of the Putnam Presbyterian Church, and
of the Ladies Seminary, and of the Presbyterian
manse, as well as one of their founders. I'he
erection of the latter was superintended by him
and was aided by him in subscriptions. He was
not a professor, though a liberal supporter of the
Gospel and a regular attendant at the house of
God, a constant reader of the Bible, a good citi-
zen and steadfast friend, an affectionate husband
and indulgent father.

Solomon Sturges, a native of Fairfield, Conn.,
was born April 21 , 1796. At the age of fourteen he
came by sea to Georgetown, D. C., and while the
vessel was unloading, Mr. Williams, coming on
board, took a fancy to young Sturges and he
entered into his employ as a clerk. (Among his
associates were : W. W; Corcoran, of Washing-
ton City, and George Peabody, known till his
death as the American Banker, of London.
All of whom were then poor, but started in life,
determined to become million-aires, and through
the Divine power, reached the goal of their am-
bition.) In 1814, at the invitation of Mr. Buck-
ingham, Mr. Sturges came to Putnam, and in
1816, in connection with Ebenezer Buckingham
and Alvah Buckingham, (the three having
married sisters,) formed a partnership, under the
firm name of "E. Buckingham, Jr., & Co.", and
in the old building, still standing on the bank of
. the Muskingum river, at the junction of Mus-
kingum and Putnam avenues, did a large mer-
cantile business. *****

Mr. Sturges was a man of great simplicity and
transparency of character. What he thought
he utterd ; what he felt he manifested unequiv-
ocally. He was a. generous neighbor, an upright
and worthy citizen, and a true self-sacrificing
patriot. He equipped, at his own expense, a
company of soldiers, named for him^. "The
Sturges Rifles," and kept them in the field for
the support of the cause of tte Government m
the late war. He was, among the very first to
invest in Government securities, taking a hun-
dred thousand dollars, before theU. S. loan was
popular at home. He was one of the founders
and Trustees of the Ladies Seminary. And to

the institutions of religion he gave a liberal
support, and was a punctual attendant at the house
of God. He contributed cheerfully to the vari-
ous objects of Christian benevolence, and to the
American Colonization Society in particular.
After a course of remarkable activity and untir-
ing energy, he came back from his lifes' work,
to the bosom of his family, and, tenderly nursed
by his daughters, died, October 14, 1864, and
by his sons was borne to his burial.

JuHus C. Guthrie, cut off suddenly in the
vigor of manhood, was a successful merchant,
highly esteemed ; a man of noble bearing, of
warm and generous heart, of tender religious
sensibility, a constant attendant and an interested
listener and worshiper in the sancturary. He
was born near Belpre, Washington county, O.,
April 26, 1 792,- -the first white person born in
that part of the N. W. Territory— now State of
Ohio. He died deeply lamented, July 25, 1849,
aged 57 years.

"Dr. Robert Safford, "the beloved physician,"
in whom we all confided, whom to know was to
honor and esteem ; a constant reader and ad-
mirer of the Bible ; a man of profound humility,
who wept at the love of Jesus, and delighted in
pointing others to the Hght of life, and bearing
them on the wings of prayer to the very foot of
the mercy-seat, died on July 6th, 1854, aged
60 years. "These with others, both living and
dead, were the men who composed the congre-
gation when this church was first organized.
Were the women in the enterprise less worthy?

First, as being eldest in years, was Mrs.
Betsey Mathews, a woman of quiet, matronly
dignity, of great excellence and worth, of few
words, but well chosen, a prudent wife, a kind
and discreet mother, a Christian of exemplary
and intelligent piety. * * She was

born September 28, 1775, and died May 3,4852.

Near her in friendship and neighborhood, was ■
Mrs. Eliza Whipple, more social but less in-
tellectual, of a warm and generous nature, al-
ways ready to help forward every good cause,
and finding her own happiness in making others
happy. She was one of the eariiest residents of
the place, and from her first consecration _ to
Christ maintained a uniform, consistent Christian
life.

Of a more quiet but cheerful temper, was her
sister, Mrs. Patience Leavens. Her devotion to
the interests of the church here and in her later
home, was unwavering and most intense. She
made the very atmosphere of her home redolent
with her christian zeal, and all who entered
could but breathe in the influence of her devout
and heavenly spirit. She was truly a mother
in Israel.

Mrs. Eunice Buckingham deserves a most
honored place. She was born in Glastenbury,
Conn., October 22d, 1792, and in August,_i8i6,.
newly married, with her husband and sisters,
crossed the Allegheny Mountains on horseback,
there being then no roads for carriages or
wagons. Suddenly widowed in 1832 by a
dreadful casualty, she met the shock with

^S6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Christian fortitude and submission, and brought
to her new position and increased responsibilities
an unwavering purpose and a conscientious
fidelity worthy of all praise. As the sole head
of her family, she ruled her household well,
though her children were held by a silken
thread. She was dignified, yet unassuming,
generous, yet unostentatious, her piety gradually
maturing to the end, and bringing not merely a
peaceful, but triumphant death. * * *

Besides paying one-half of the expense of rear-
ing the Seminary building, she left $io;ooo for
its endowment, the interest of which is to be ap-
propriated for purposes of female education per-
petually, un(Jer the direction of her daughters,
and their successors; $i,ooo, the interest of
which should be contributed to the pastor's sup-
port till his salary reached $800 ; $1,500 toward
the erection of the manse ; $1^000 to the Ameri-
can Bible Society ; $1,000 to the American Board
of Comnjissioners of Foreign Missions; $1,000
to the American Home Missionary Society ; $1,-
000 for the cause of emancipation, and $500 to
the American Tract Society. She died Febi'u-
ary 28, 1843.

Nor should her sisters, Mrs. Ann Bucking-
ham and Mrs. Lucy Slurges, be omitted from
these brief sketches, both of whom were "hon-
orable women" and exemplary Christians. Mrs.
Buckingham was a fine example of conscientious
fidelity in all the duties and relations of life. The
heart of her husband trusted in her, and her pru-
dence and skill, with her habits of industry and
economy, relieved him of all anxiety. Her chil-
dren rise up and all call her blessed.

Mrs. Sturges was of a more retiring disposi-
tion, unpretending, discreet and lovely, and a
sincere and faithful disciple, adorning the doc-
trine of God, her Savior, in all "things ; a most
devoted wife and mother, active in duty and
heroic in suffering, a steadfast friend and peace
maker, a generous patron of the Sabbath School,
furnishing most of the means for the erection of
the hall -in which it now meets, and the benefac-
tress of her pastor. She was born in Glasten-
bury. Conn., May 22,1800, and died July 25,1850.

Not less worthy of note was Mrs. Maria A.
Sturges, a decided, active, devoted Christian ;
the first to see and lament any declension of the
church, and the first to rejoice in the returning
influence of the spirit, and to welcome the Sa-
vior back to His deserted fold ; thoroughly edu-
cated, retiring, yet energetic ; ready to make
sacrifices, and to use her facile and gifted pen,
as she often did, in the cause of sufiering hu-
manity and of practical godliness. With all her
amiability, she was yet a very positive character.
By her intelligence and fervent piety, she had a
marked influence, especially with regard to the
culture and early conversion of children, and
did more than any other member in forming
and giving character to the Maternal Associa-
tion, of which she was the efficient and honored
Secretary. Her sudden death, in the midst of
life, was deeply mourned. She died in Decem-
ber, 1842.

Mrs. Parmelia Guthrie was a woman who
embodied, in a high degree, many of the traits
of the good woman of inspiration ; the same ac-
tivity and energy characterized her house ; the
same prudence and discretion in her speech and
behavior ; the same law of kindness, which kept
her from speaking evil, and disposed her to put
on it the best construction an action would bear ;
the same benevolence, which made her feel she
was a debtor to do unwearied acts of kindness to
every one who came under 'her roof, or sojourn-
ed in her famlily ; the same fear of the Lord,
leading her to a prompt obedience, not only to
an unwavering trust in Christ and the most fervent
desires that her children might all be embraced
in the bonds of the everlasting covenant. She
was a faithful daughter, wife, and mother, amid
the toils and privations of pioneer fife, of which
she has left an honorable record. She was born
in Cooperstown, New York, August 20, 1799,
and died March 14, 1863.

Mrs. Lucinda Nye, another of the "honorable
women" of this church, was born in Newburg,
Orange County, New York, April 22, 1791, and
removed, with her father's family to this vicini-
ty, in October, 1819. Soon after she came to
this place, in the family of Mr. J. C. Guthrie, she
supported herself by her needle, and subse-
quendy by teaching. In the "Stone Academy,"
she had a school of some twenty-five or thirty
scholars, in whom she became deeply interested,
and whom she followed with her counsels and
prayers, and nearly all of whom became the sub-
jects of diviiie grace. Soon after coming here,
she united with the Presbyterian Church, of
Zanesville and Springfield, and at the time of
the formation of this church, was one of its effi-
cient members. Mrs. Nye was a woman of
great vitality and energy of character, a pattern
of industi-y, and a lover of nature and art. Some
specimens of her handiwork were the wonder
and admiration of the beholder. * * *

Her faith was a very distinct apprehension of
things unseen, as well as a personal trust in the
Savior and a reliance on his promises. This
kept her cheerful and hopeful to the end, and
gave fervency and importunity to her prayers,
led her to the house of God, and to her closet,
and to the female prayer meeting, which was
held at her house for a number of years. April
9, 1874, disease, "gende," "not tardy," intro-
duced her spirit to the joy of her Lord, and we
laid the earthly tabernacle

"Beneath the turf she had often ti'od "

Besides these worthies now named, others
equally deserving, might be mentioned ; but I
have said enough to show that in its organization
this congregation possessed more than an ordin-
ary amount of activity, and sanctified talent.

Dr. Reed lived in a house below Judge Put-
nam's, and which yet stands as a monument of
the ancient town.

Levi Whipple, a sterling man, engaged with
Judge Putnam in milHng. He had several sons,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

157

Warner, Franklin and Wells ; they engaged in
trade in the West.

Harry SafFord, "the Postmaster General of
the village," was an earnest, positive, but genial,
humorous and cordial man. The soul of any en-
terprise in which he took part, and the life of
any company he was in. He married the daugh-
ter of General Isaac VanHorne, a leading pio-
neer of Zanesville. His own family was of Eng-
lish stock, through the Yankee blood of New
England.

He was the foremost in every cause for the
benefit of his town, and his fellow-men. He
was a member of the First Presbyterian Church,
and a warm friend of its pastor. Dr. James Cul-
bertson.

The Reformers of the day found in him a de-
cided and active support. He espoused the
cause of temperance from its birth, and was ever
a zealous advocate, and example. The African
had no warmer friend. Negro slavery was to
him an abomination.

The Colonization Society, the prime source of
the final extinction of slavery, was long sustained
in this community by his active interest and la-
bors. For years he was its efficient Secretary.

In politics he was a thorough Whig and Pro-
tectionist ; well informed on all the questions of
the day, taking his gospel from the New York
"Tribune" and Horace Greely — his friends and
companions.

The Sunday School, however, was his chosen
field. He was never so much in his element as .
in organizing and pushing a Sunday School,
planting some of the first schools ever started in
Muskingum county. Many are the persons who
have come to his children to say that Harry Saf-
ford was the man who picked them off the street
and gave them a start in life, from his Sunday
School.

In educational matters he took an early and
permanent place ; himself, in early life, a teach-
er, and well read in all matters pertaining thereto ;
with a special delight in poetry, of which he
would repeat large portions from the best authors,
ever catching the inspiration of him who wrote :

"To thee, whose temple is all space,
Whose altar, earth, sea, and skies !
One chorus, let all being raise !
All nature's incense rise ! "

He gave his sons more than a "liberal educa-
tion ; he gave them what the best colleges of the
land could give. Dr. James M. Safford, after a
course at Yale, was appointed State Geologist
of Tennessee, and made an elaborate and schol-
arly report of the geology of that State. He
subsequently became Professor of Chemistry in
the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennes-
see.. Rev. J. P, SafFord, D.D., after a course of
study at Boston, and Princeton, was ordained to
the ministry of the Presbyterian Church, and set-
tled at Frankfort, Kentucky. He was afterwards
appointed District Secretary of Missions for Ohio
and Indiana, and filled that position to the entire
satisfaction of Zanesville Presbytery, being re-

peatedly re-elected, and occupied that office at
the time of his death, which occurred at his resi-
dence, in Zanesville, July 10, 1881, and which
was as peaceful and serene as if he was sleeping.
He leaves five children, two sons and three
daughters ; two brothers. Rev. James M. Saf-
ford, of Tennessee, and Isaac SafFord, of Cali-
fornia, and two sisters, Mrs. Triplet and Mrs.
Barney, of Coshocton, Ohio.

Early settlers, having the profits of the chase
in view, and hearing the good report concerning
the "Northwest Country," were eager to settle
in this region. Henry Crooks, from Martins-
burgh, Virginia, came in 1797, and settled near
the mouth of the Licking river, on the hillside,
about the north end of Pine stseet, as now des-
ignated. He was engaged with Jonathan Zane
and John Mclntire, in operating a ferry across
the Muskingum river, assisted by William Mc-
Cullough, who had settled on the east side of
the river. [The ferry consisted of two canoes,
fastened side by side.] In 1798, Andrew Crooks
came, and settled on the west side of the river,
near the ferry landing, but subsequently re-
moved to the east side of the river. During this
year, George Mathews came, and built a cabin
on the hill now called "Putnam Hill.

Town of Natchez. — Proprietorship seemed
contagious in those days. The success of Zanes-
town and Springfield, while yet in swaddling
clothes, was not without its effect. And, as
there was no legal hindrance to the creation of
another Paradise, tradition informs us, that in
1806, General Isaac Van Home laid out the
town of Natchez. The boundaries were about
as follows : On tiie east, by a line west of the
Muskingum river, beginning not far from the
Main street bridge, taking in a part of the Pine
Street Hill, and extending near the intersection
of the National road and the Licking river, and
having that stream for its northern boundary,
and the Muskingum for its eastern boundary.
This boundary included the "house built by
Plenry Crook, in 1797, on the north side of the
bluff near the north end of Pine street," and he
thus became the first settler in the town of Natch-
ez. The second house was built by General
Isaac Van Home. Isaac Zane built a house on
the site now occupied by Thomas Drake, be-
tween Spring and Young streets. In this house
"the accustomed dance of the good- old colony
times," was kept up during the entire week be-
tween Christmas and New Year following its
completion.

CHAPTER XII.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

THE SECOND STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN MOXAHALA AVENUE

METHODIST EPISCOPAL— ST. JAMES EPISCOPAL
LUTHERAN FIRST BAPTIST ST. THOMAS' [RO-
MAN catholic] SOUTH STREET AFRICAN

METHODIST EPISCOPAL MARKET STREET BAP-

iSS

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

TIST SEVENTH STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL

— ST. >jlCHOLAS' [ROMAN CATHOLIC GERMAN]

TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SECOND

PRESBYTERIAN ZION BAPTIST [COLOREd]—

PUTNAM PRESBYTERIAN — THIRD BAPTIST [COL-
ORED]—UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST k'NE-

SETH ISRAEL SOUTH STREET METHODIST EPIS-

cbPAL^HUNGARIAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION
—AFRICAN WESLEY AN METHODIST EPISCOPAL — :
THE WELSH CHURCH [UNION SUNDAY SCHOOL] .

The churches of Zanesville have maintained
a steady growth, and, notwithstanding the de-
nomitlational differences, will be found to have
the Spirit of thie Master pervading them, as any
one hiay observe who becomes even slightly ac-
quainted with their workings. They appear in
this" chapter in the order of* their organization,
as follows :

HISTORY OF THE SECOND STREET METHODIST
EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

By JOHN W. KING.

Before the year 1800, there was no preacher
here — and we have no means of knowing who
were members. In that year, the Western Con-
ference, which included all of the territory west
of the Alleghany Mountains, sent John Stone-
man to the work on the Muskingum and Hock-
ing rivers. His field of labor was some three
hundred miles wide. He was followed, in 1801,
by J. P. Chenowort, who was succeeded, in 1802,
by N. B. Mills, and he, in 1803, bv William
Reed.

In 1804, the Ohio District of the Western Con-
ference was formed, with William Burk as Pre-
siding Elder, and George Askins was appointed
to the work in this part of the State. [Rev.
John Goshen held the first Love-Feast ever held
in Zanesville, in 1805 ; among the prominent
Methodists of that time, were: "Mother Goff,"
Samuel Parker and wife, and Mrs. Dr. HilHer
— ^according to E. H. Church.] Mr. Askins was
followed by James Quinn and John Meek. They
were succeeded, in 1806, by Luther Tajj^lor ;
and, in 1807, came that man of wonderful life —
Peter Cartwright. In 1808, there is a doubt as
to who labored in this field, but it is believed
that Isaac Quinn and William Patterson were
here. In 1809, the Muskingum District was
formed, out of part of the Ohio District, and
James Quinn was appointed Presiding Elder,
and James Watts and Ralph Lotspeed were ap-
pointed to our part of the District. In 1810,
William Sale was Presiding Elder, with no
change made in the preachers. The following
year, came John Stronge and Jacob Mills. In

181 2, James B. Finley was appointed, and this
was thought a promising field.

Our present Ohio Conference was formed in

1813, including the Muskingum District, and in

it we first find the name of Zanesville as an ap-
pointment, which is as follows :

Preachers.
John Clingan,
William Dixon,
Joseph Kinkead,
"William Knox,
f John Waterman,
\ Thomas Carr,
( John Tivis,
\ Samuel Glaze,
/ Thomas A. Morris,
I Charles Elliott,

, -„. T ^, „. ^ f Thomas A. Morris,

1820 Jonathan Stamper, | g^^.j q. Brockemier,

Year. Presiding Elders.

1813 ..David Young,

1814 "

1815 "

1816 Jacob Young,

1817 «

1818

1819

1821 Charles Waddle,

1822 Jacob Young,

f James Hooper,
1 Archibald McElroy,
) Leroy Swormstead,
\ Moses M. Hinkle.

The next year the Zanesville station and the
Zanesville circuit were constituted distinct, sep-
arate appointments, in the Lancaster District,
with Jacob Young as its Presiding Elder, and
John P. Durbin sent to Zanesville as its first
Methodist Episcopal preacher, during its first
year as a station, fifty-seven years ago. A mem-
orable space of shining years — freighted with
"showers of mercy," and spiritual harvests, dur-
ing which the membership has grown to one
thousand eight hundred and twenty-three. How
long the roll on this shore, and how many names
are written in the Book of Life on the other
shore ?

Year. Presiding Elders. Preachers.

1824 Jacob Young, L. Swormstead,

1825 " James Quinn,

1826 " David Young,

1827 David Young, Joseph Carper,

1828 :.... " W.B.Christie,

1829 " Nathan Emery,

1830

1831 L. Swormstead, Absalom D. Fox.

The next year, Putnam was first made a
preaching place, and James Gibruth and Abner
Goft' appointed there. In 1832, L. Swormstead
was Presiding Elder, and Zanesville had J. M.
Trimble. In 1833, the Zanesville District of the
Ohio Conference was first formed, and the ap-
pointments were as follows :

Pieachers.
J. M. Trimble,
Absalom D. Fox,
David Whitcomb,

Year. Presiding Elders.

1833 L. Swormstead,

1834

1835 J. Faree,

1S36 D. Young,

/ David Whitcomb,

James Courtney,
" William Simmons,

" William H. Lawder,

Kobert O. Spencer, William H. Lawder.

« J Uriah Heath,

I John W. Stone,
II 5 Uriah Heath,

} W. R. Davis,
<i < W. J. Ellsworth,

< J. F. Conway,

1«43 J. B. Finley, | fos.'i'^^rrman,

I William Young,
( J. A. Waterman.

1837..
1838..
1839..

1840..
1841.,
1842.

1844.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

159

The next year, the society of Seventh Street
was formed from the Second Street Chmxh, by
geographical lines, and the church whose record
we have been tracing was thenceforth known as
Second Street Church.

Year. Presiding Elders. Preachers.

1845 J. B. Finley, George E. Crum.

1846 J.M.Jamison, »

1847 " M.Dustin.

1848 " "

1849 Jacob Young, Asbury Lowery.

1850 "

1851 " E.M. Boring.

1852 J. M. Trimble, J. W. White.

1853

1854 " J. A. Bruner.

1855 " "

1856 J. W.White, Ansel Broolcs.

1857

1858 " J. A. Frazier.

1859 " "

1860 J. A. Frazier, Benjamin St. J. Fry.

.1861 " J. A. Creighton.

1862 " "

1863 " H.K. Foster.

1864 D. D. Mather, "

1865 " D.H.Moore.

1866 T.H. Phillips, "

This year the South Street Mission Church
was established, with A. H. Windsor, preacher
in charge.

Year. Presiding Elders. Preachers.

1867 T. H. Phillips, D. H. Moore.

1868 William Porter, Thomas E. Taylor.

1869 "

1870 " Isaac Crook.

1871 " "

1872 L.Cunningham,

1873 " J. W. Peters.

1874 "

1875

1876 M. T. Harvey, O. J. Nave.

1877 " «

1878 " James Hill.

1879 « "

1880 James Hill, »W. M. Mullenix.

In the beginning they worshiped and held
prayer meetings in the Court House. Several
buildings have been built upon the church lot,
according to the memory of some who can re-
call the beginning of this "sheepfold," and it is
much to be regretted that we have no picture of
our first humble church home.

The first church was commenced in 1813. It
was a one-story frame, forty by sixty feet, with
gable end toward Second street, with two doors
in that end, each opening into an aisle. In
the center, between the aisles, was a partition ;
the men sat on one side, and the women on the
other. It had, for a long time, no floor, because
the builders, Thomas Moorehead and William
Craig, were unable to get seasoned lumber to

*Transferred from the Kentucky Conference, and appointed
to this Qharge, October 9th, by Bishop Peck ; came to his field
of labor, November 15tb, 1880,

finigh it up with. This was borne with patiently,
as many hours had been spent happily by our
fathers and mothers in log cabins, with earthen
floors. The lumber for the floor was ricked up
in the west end of the building, to season, and on
it a four-legged sewing stand served as a pulpit ;
behind it was the preacher's unpainted, but well
seasoned, wooden chair. The people sat on the
flat upper surface of the sills of the building.
There were four large hewed posts in the rbom,
to support the ceiling and roof. Gilbert Blue fin-
ished up the inside of the house the next spring,
and Jas. Gurley, brother of our much esteemed L.
B. Gurley, presented the society with two chande-
liers, which were swung on pulleys from the .ceil-
ing. The doors were huiigby strap hingeg, and
opened b}'^ wrought iron thumb latches. : ' This
building continued in use until 1830, when the
second house was erected, which was of brick,
and stood in front of the old frame. James Millis
took an active part in its erection. The cliurch
was one-story high, and had a regular old-fash-
ioned meeting-house look. Four windows on
the north side, and four on the south, and. two in
the west end, with the- pulpit between ; and,
though very plain, was comfortable. Fr9m, its
pulpit, from 1830 to i860, eloquent, aye, thrilling
sermons, were uttered, which so stirred the mem-
bers that Methodism took a stirong hold, and
grew rapidly in the city.

The present house (which is the third) was
built in i860. During the time of its erection,
the congregation occupied the old church (Rad-
ical) on South street, the present A. M. E.
Church. The plan was obtained by a commit-
tee, appointed for the purpose, in Washington
City. It is commodious, and in good taste, a
credit to the 'committee, and a very satisfactory
church, with very neat and comfortable sittings,
and has now a very fine pipe organ. The fol-
lowing are the title papers by which the property
is held : The first record is found February 2d,
1814, Record "D," p. 314, and is as follows :

"Jonathan Zane and Hannah, his wife ;
John McIntire and Sarah, his wife ;
To Christian Spangler,
'Samuel Frazey,
Jesse Miller,
James Vickers,
Joseph Haw^kins,
John Spry,
Barney Monroe,

Trustees, and their successors.
"Consideration, .$100.00, specie. Lot 8 rods
east and west, and 8 rods north and south, and
being lot No. 8, in square No. 3, in the present
plat of the city of Zanesville."
Date, February 2d, 1814.

The deed contains, among other provisions,
the following : Said Trustees shall erect there-
on a house of worship, for the use of the mem-
bers of the M. E. Church, in the United States
of Amei^ica, according to the rules and discipline
which from time to time, shall be adopted by the
General Conference, Also, the trustees shall

i6o

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

forever permit such ministers and preacher^ be-
longing to said church as are authorized by the
General Conference and the Annual Conference
to preach and expound God's holy word therein.
And in further trust that the board shall be kept
up to seven members. And further, that if, at
any time, any Trustee advances any money on
account of said premises, the board is authorized
to mortgage the premises, and to sell them, on
giving notice to the preacher in charge, if the
money is not repaid in one year from such notice.
Should any sale be made under such circum-
stances, the surplus shall be deposited in the
hands of the Stewards of the society, to be dis-
posed of by the next Annual Conference for the
best interests of this society. The deed is a gen-
eral warranty in form, but, while Zane and wife
are named in it in every place as grantors, their
names are not subscribed, teut those of Mclntire
and wife are, and the presumption is that Zane
and wife disposed of their interest in the real es-
tate to John Mclntire, between the date of writ-
ing and the date of executing said deed. The
witnesses were William Craig and Amelia
Mclntire. Craig was the Justice of the Peace
who took the acknowledgement. The following
is a provision by Rev. David Young, for erecting
a church on this ground. The will bears date
October 3d, 1857, and was admitted to probate
in Muskingum county, Ohio, November 13, 1858.
He gave his books to the Trustees of this
church, to hold in trust for the benefit of the
ministers in charge; he gave $12,000 to the
Trustees, to be immediately expended in the
erection, (on the ground described in the deed
by Zane and wife and Mclntire and wife,) of a
good, substantial, neat house of worship, having
a basement story, entered above ground, for the
use and occupancy of the M. E. Church, by the
ministers and members, according to the disci-
pline, usages and regulations thereof. The seats
in said house of worship to be forever free ; and
any departure from this requisition, as to free
seats, shall work a forfeiture of the whole of said
sum of $12,000. And the trustees in office at the
time of the occurrence of any such forfeiture, shall
be individually liable torefund tohis hei-rs at law
the whole of said $12,000. It was furthermore
provided, that if any additional sum over said
$12,000 be needed to build said church, that it
should be raised, on bonds, so that no debt should
be on the house at its dedication. And further
provided, that if Daniel Brush should be alive at
the time this church was to be built, that he should
design the form and proportions of the house.

He appointed as executors : Daniel Brush,
John Dillon, Jr., Natnah Guttrell, John Taylor,
Jr., and Austin Berry.

We append some incidents of interest, con-
nected with revivals, prayer meetings, class
meetings, and some of the members of the
church. The following, relative to the revival
during the ministration of Rev. D. H. Moore,
is from Rev. Geo. W. Barnes.

The church had some strong and true men
and women, who cordially received their young

and handsome pastor, and assured him of their
hearty co-operation. He was vigorous, ambi-
tious and devoted, full of tact and practical sense.
He saw a great work to be done, and felt that
under God he must succeed. He entered upon
a series of meetings, which at first were small.
His watchful eye detected the interest manifested
by a young man, and he invited seekers to the
altar. Eternal interests hung upon the decisions
of that moment. George Burns led the way,
and knelt as a seeker. James Baird and John
Frazur soon followed, not by pre-arrangement,
for they were strangers to each other. That three
young men should go forward at the first invita-
tion, was a matter of astonishment that electrified
the church. The pastor read the signs, and
carried the meeting into the audience room,
where no prayer meeting had ever been held,
and for three months, day and night, old Second
Street never has a more orderly, well sustained,
successful revival. John Rogers, the old black-
smith, the Moses of the church, slow in speech
and meek, was at the altar to welcome and lead
them to the Savior, whom he knew so well.
And Samuel Wiles, with his charming voice and
mind well stored with scripture, a courtly chris-
tian gentleman, whose kindly heart, was overflow-
ing with sympathy, helped many a young man in-
to the kingdom. We recall the names of some
who have answered to their names on the other
shore: Francis Cassiday, Samuel J. Cox, Daniel
Brush, Father Flowers, and Alexander Sullivan.

Nearly 200 souls were converted in this meet-
ing, and many of them are useful members of
the church to-day. Two of them are members
of the Ohio Conference. A number have died,
triumphant in the faith.

The first class meeting was held in a cabin,
built on the ground where Jones & Abbot's foun-
dry (on Third street) now stands. This was in
1808, and was led by Father John Goshen.
These class meetings were seasons of soul re-
freshing. Prayer meetings were held in that
cabin, and these "means of grace" have been
fruitful to the church from that day to this. The
present is only a multiplication of participants,
however zealous the members ; and the church
holds the memory of those pioneer efforts in
grateful remembrance.

The following is a list of the members on the
4th day of May, 1823, as recorded by Rev. John
P. Durban, the pastor :

Samuel Parker, Betsy Bird, Mary Janes, Pol-
ly Miller, Hanna Arley, Lucinda Malsburg,
Mary Davis, Nancy McCann, Maria Stone,
Mary Lane, Louisa Miller, Alice Mast, Char-
lotte Spangler, Martha Day, Ann Parker, Cath-
arine Wilson, Margaret Barber, Lyda Harper,
Rebecca Riley, Gilbert McFadden, Thomas
Lehue, Joseph Wilson, William Luck, John El-
bertson, Joseph Storer, William Mackey, Isaac
Wilson, John Houck, Joseph Chapman, Michael
Dutro, Samuel Storer, Joseph Wilson, Jacob
Johnson, George Girty, William Langly, James
Millis, Levi Wilson, Alexander Martin, William
Cook, George Storer, Nancy Dutro, Rhoda

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

i6i

Bailey, Nancy Parker, Margaret Harvey, Cath-
arine Lehue, Ann Smith, EHzabeth Lander,
Barbara Philby, Elizabeth Lander, Patience
Skinner, Ann Gibo, Mary Deeble, Rebecca
Westbrook, Harriet Burgess, Harriet John-
son, Mary Harvey, Fannie Parker, Chris-
tian Olive, Elizabeth Gibo, Williarft Kirk, Han-
nah Kirk, Jane Cooper, Ann Parker, Sophia
McMillen,, Betsy Leslie, Sarah Hahn, Ann
Chambers, Eliza Mast, Elizabeth Spangler,
Lucy Chapman, Elizabeth Twaddle, Martha
Blandford, Margaret Langley, Mazey Sockman,
Joanna Smith, Elizabeth Elberson, Judith Brooke,
Susan Langley, Elizabeth MilHs, Henry Nash,
Jeremiah L. Illeslie, Nicholas Blandford, Henry
McMilland, Luke G. Crossland, John Cannon,
Septimus Parker, James Leslie, Rezin Hopper,
David Browning, Matthew Ferguson, Moses D.
Brooke, William Leslie, Clement Brooke, Elijah
Taylor, George Hahn, John A. Willey, W. L.
Chapman, Thomas Leslie, Christian Spangler,
Nancy Jackson, Hannah Kirk, Elizabeth Stew-
art, Hannah Barrett, Lois Chapman, Ann
Mackay, Mary Cockrell, Elizabeth Langley,
Elizabeth Hilton, Nancy Conly, Eliza Dare, Re-
beccfi Taylor, Nancy Willey, Mary McFarland,
Eliza Chapman, Catharine Gii'ty, Edith
Dillon, Martha Marple, Isaac W. Tharp,
Aaron Kirk, Thomas Miller, Jane Linn,
Levi Chapman, Joseph Storer, Henry
Olive, Abraham W. Westbrook, Charles
Lander, Joel Chapman, Peter M. Purdy, James
Wheeler, Samuel Frazey, James Taylor, Rees
Willis, John Phipps, William Allen, Gilbert Blue,
Elizabeth Blue, Sarah M. Young, Rachel Moore-
head, Nancy Blocksom, Martha Reed, Mary
Martin, John Butler, Ann Butler, Jane Dutro,
Sarah Spangler, Sarah A. Nash, EHzabeth N.
Norris, Mary Ann Hazlett, Eliza Brooke, Mary
Smeltzer, Eliza Smith, Minerva Westlake,
Thomas Moorehead, Maria Sum, Elizabeth Sum,
Sarah Morris, Drusilla Tharp, Sophia Houk,
Ann Goff, Hettie Frazey, Martha GofF, Sarah
Lesley, Catharine Miller, Mary Ferguson, Ann
Spangler, Jane McFadden, Dorcas Anson,
Mary Reed, Elizabeth Allen, Sue Brush, Ann
Randall, Louisa Patrick, Danie] Brush, Mary
Young, James S. Fletcher, WilHam Fletcher,
Peggy Fletcher, Rachel Fletcher, Catharine
Fletcher, Jane Philly, Isabella Cunningham,
Mary Harris, Lienor Killen, Mary Pardy, John
A. Willey, Nancy Willey, Mary Willey, John
Snow, Elizabeth Snow, Hannah Cox, Hannah
Brook, Triffy Younger, Cornelius Woodruff,
Peggy Woodruff, Hettie Dwyer, Jonathan Brels-
ford, Eliza Brelsford, Mary Wilson, John W.
Spry, Jane Spry, Minerva Zane, Rachel Luck,
Hester Alexander, Elizabeth Sockman, Henry
Wilson, Amanda Wilson, Huldah Wilson,
Zadoc Hall, Charles Bailey, Phebe Bailey,
George Golden, Rebecca Richardson, A. Flem-
ing, Lydia Fleming, Jacob Mittinger, Rachel
Young, Ellen Wood, Edward W. Christie, Wil-
liam Armstrong, Ann Armstrong, Lienor W.
Quinn, Joseph Winters, Alexander Smith, EHza-
beth Smith, CorneHa Howard, Wesley Turner,

Sarah Flemming, Richard Hocking, Lucinda
Hocking, Jeptha Noah, Elizabeth Willey, Mary
Fletcher, Mary Bateman, Nancy Winecoop,
William Flemming, Elizabeth Beemon, Elizabeth
Vanzant, Mary Beard, Nancy Wilson, Maria
Lawrence, Mary Harvey, Rebecca Beck, Olcutt
White, Etta White, James Henderson, John
Carter, Mary Carter and Catharine McFadden.

The parable of the sower is aptly illustrated in
the retrospect of this church : — "Some seeds fell
by the way-side," etc; "some fell upon stony
places ;" "some fell among thorns ;" "but others
fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit ;
some a hundred fold, some sixty fold, and some
thirty fold." Pursuing this thought, we gather
from tradition, that under Rev. Nathan Emery,
in 1829, Rev. J. M. Trimble, in 1833, Rev. M.
Dustin,in 1847, Rev. John White, in 1852, Rev.
D. H. Moore, in 1867, Rev. Isaac Crook, in
1870, Rev. O. J. Nave, in 1876, and Rev.
James Hill, in 1878, large accessions to the
church, and great awakening occurred. Much
of this seed falling into good ground.

In 1875, this church was incorporated under
the State laws of Ohio, and its present Board of
Trustees authoi'ized. They are as follows :

John W. King, President ; Dr. W. E. AtweH,
Secretary ; G. B. Perkins, Dr. W. H. Lenhart,
Lawson Wiles, Jacob Smith, Allen E. Twaddle
and W. A. Weller.

The church property, including the parsonage,
is valued, according to the minutes, at $23,00x3.

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The inception of this church was resultant from
the coalition of the Congregational and Presby-
terian churches. The latter was known as the
United Presbyterian Church of Zanesville and
Springfield. Dr. Kingsbury, in his resyme of the
Putnam Presbyterian Church, in which effort he
undertook to preserve the unity of the record, in-
forms us that, "unfortunatel}' the record of this
church, and also the early record of the Pres-
byterian Church of Zanesville and Springfield,
are lost," and he was compelled to obtain what
he could from witnesses still on the stage of ac-
tion. The present pastor of the First Presbyte-
rian Church, in his septennial sermon, reviewing
the history of the church, had the same difficulty
to contend with, and, doubtless, some points of
interest are lost.

In 1807, or 1808, the Rev. John Wright, for
many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
Lancaster, Ohio, passed through this city, and
was induced to remain over Sabbath. There be-
ing seven Presbyterians here, he assembled them
in "Taylor's tavern," (which stood where the
Clarendon now stands), and preached to them,
also administered the Lord's Supper, probably
the first time this kind of service was held here.
These persons, Moses Boggs and wife, James
Perry and wife, James Richey and wife, and
Robert Culbertson, subsequently became partic-
ipants in the organization of a church. Mr.
Wright narrated this incident to Elder L. P.
Bailey, years afterward.

S4,

1 62

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The official statement concerning the organi-
zation, in the minutes of the Presbytery of Lan-
caster, November, 1809, meeting held in Salem,
Washington countj^, Ohio, recites that, "William
Jones, a licentiate of the Ohio Presbytery, was
received. A call for Mr. Jones, from the united
congregations of Zanesville and Springfield, be-
- ing read and put into his hands, he declared his
acceptance thereof." The record also shows that
he was installed on the 26th of December, follow-
ing. These services were held on the Putnam
side of the river. The sermon was preached by
Rev. Samuel P. Robbins, of Marietta, Ohio, from
First Corinthians, 2 : 12. Rev. Jacob Lindsley,
of Athens, presided and delivered, the charge.
The Elders of the new church were Benjamin
Sloan, Moses Boggs and John Thompson. A
retrospective digression shows that, in 1807, a
Congregational chmxh was organized at the res-
idence of Colonel Benjamin Tupper, in Putnam,
and, not being able to support a regular pastor,
united with the church on this side of the river,
and constituted the "United Presbyterian Church
of Zanesville and Springfield." Among the
members from Springfield were. Colonel Tupper,
Dr. Increase Mathews, and their families, Levi
Whipple and Ebenezer Buckingham and wife.
General Isaac Van Home took an active part in
the church ; was an active Elder from 1827 until
1834, the time of his death.

August 26th, 181 2, the Presbytery was asked
to dissolve the pastoral relation, that Mr. Jones
might accept a call to Circleville, Ohio. At the
same meeting, a call was presented for the pas-
toral sei'vices of Rev. James Culbertson, licensed
to preach the year previous by the Presbytery of
Carlisle, Pennsvlvania, and sent west on a mis-
sionary tour. Mr. Culbertson accepted the call,
and his ordination took place at Zanesville, De-
cember 23d, 1812, and he was installed pastor of
the United Congregations of Zanesville and
Springfield. Mr. John Wright preached the ser-
mon, and James Scott presided, and gave the
charge. James Culbertson was born and raised
in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, near Cham-
bersburg ; received his academic education at
Jefl^erson College, Pennsylvania, entering at an
early age, and there, dm^ing a revival, he re-
ceived a Christian hope. His theological studies
were directed by Rev. Dr. King, of Mercers-
burg, and Rev. Dr'. Merron, of Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, and he was licensed to preach April 1 1 ,
181 1. He performed the duties of pastor in
Zanesville until the summer of 1844, when ^^ on
account of failing health, he recommended the
church to call an assistant, which was done. In
August, of that year, they called Rev. Simeon
Brown, pastor of the Presbyterian church in
Fredericktown, Knox county, Ohio, and he en-
tered upon his work in the same month, but was
not installed until the 7th of May, 1845. Mr.
Brown recognized, in his Eldership, not an orna-
mental office, but helpers, shepherds, whose duty
it was to care for the flock, as overseers. With
Mr. Brown originated the Board of Deacons, and
the following persons were elected Deacons, Aug-

ust 1 6th, 1845: Samuel C. Haver, Edwin Burl-
ingame, Robert P. Rob?nson, Wfilliam Winter
and J. B. Allen.

Mr. Brown, in addition to his ministerial duties,
gave much attention to wi'iting for newspapers and
was also an editor. While pastor of the church
in Fredericktown, he published the "Calvanistic
Monitor," (this was, at the time, the only "old
school" paper published in Ohio), in which the
Rev. William Dunla.p, of Marion, Ohio, was as-
sociate editor. This paper subsequently became
"the Presbyterian of the West," published first at
'Springfield, and then at Cincinnati. After his
settlement here, he began to publish "the Col-
porteur," having withdrawn from the Presbytery.
This was continued until January 8th, 1848, when
the "Family Quarto" appeared, which he edited
until June 28, 1850. In July, of the same year,
he resigned his pastorate to take the agency of
the Board of Publication of the Northwestern
States, but subsequently became pastor of a Con-
gregational church, and has passed "over the
river."

Mr. Culbertson preached but one sermon after
Mr. Brown became assistant, which he preached
in November, 1844, although he was alwayS able
to attend public worship. Until within a few
weeks of his death he was able to officiate at mar-
riages, baptisms, and the Lord's Supper. He
offered the closing prayer of the service the last
Sabbath but one previous to his death. He was
taken with paralysis, at a neighbor's, and died
eight days after, aged sixty-one years and four
months. And ever and anon comes, like a sweet
refrain, those beautiful words :

"Thou art gone to the grave, but 'twere wrong to deplore thee,
When God was thy ransom, thy guardian, thy guide;
He gave thee, and took thee, and soon will restore thee,
Where death hath no sting, since the Savior hath died."

At the time Mr. Culbertson became the pastor
of this church it had thirty-two members. The
roll was kept by Mr. Culbertson from the organ-
ization to the 13th of October, 1844, and shows
the dates of adinission, beginning with Moses
Boggs and wife, James Percy and wife, Robert
Culbertson and Catliarine Mitchell. The first
persons* recei\ed by Mr. Culbertson were Louis
and Mrs. Nye, bv examination, and the last
name recorded as received by him is Eumelius
Cook, which, however, is written in another hand.

The services during the early history of the
church were held in private houses, subsequently
in " Burnam's Tavern," and the old log jail,
and sometimes in a small frame building on
Putnam Hill, and during summer in barns and
groves. They felt somewhat permanently settled
when worshiping in the coui't house and "the
Stone Academ}s" after they were built. The
congregation met alternately at these two latter
places, crossing the river in boats. Once during
service in the court house, the building was
struck by lightning, and several persons were
greatly stunned but not seriously injured.

In 181 7, they found a pleasant and commodious

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

163

home in a two-story brick church, erected on el-
evated ground on the northeast corner of South
and Fourth streets. This church was built by
the sale of pews, a deed being given for the
ground occupied by the pew ; thus the pew was
private property, and rented or sold as an}- other
real estate. The church was dedicated August
28th, 181 7. The exercises were performed by
Rev. James Baird, of Newark. The first ser-
mon preached in the new church by the pastor
after the dedication was on the 31st of August,
from Hebrews IX, 28. President James Monroe
and suite being in the city, attended public
worship on that day, and at the close of the
service the President complimented Mr. Cul-
bertson for his manner of conducting the ex-
ercises.

In those days, church music was sustained
by stringed insti'uments, and tradition has it
that on a certain Sabbath, Mr. Culbertsoh
being absent, a Scotch covenanter occupied
the pulpit, and, on seeing the bass viol, was
offended, and expressed his disapprobation by
announcing, "We will fiddle and sing the I02d
Psalm."

The organ in this church was probably the
first used in a Presbyterian church in the United
States, and some incidents connected with its
introduction may not be uninteresting. It was
obtained from L. P. Bailey. He came to Zanes-
ville in 1820, and began the manufacture and
sale of organs. He was an Elder in the church
from 1837 until the organization of the Second
Presbyterian church, of which he became a mem-
ber, and still holds the office of Elder. In 1827,
he made the organ in question for a party who
failed to take it. Some members of the Putnam
church suggested that it be put in the gallery of
the church and used to aid the singing. Many
on this side, also, were in favor of this, some in-
fluential persons who were not membei's being in
sympathy with the movement ; others, however,
were in doubt, and could not consent to so rash a
movement. The pastor was advised with repeat-
edly, and said he had no personal objection ; that
he was fond of the tones of the organ, especially
the lower bass notes, but said if there was any
good old woman who objected to its use, it
must not be put there ; he expressed great
fear on the subject, lest it might be the occasion
of pain.

The agitation was kept up. A Mr. Wilson
offered to make such changes in the gallery as
were necessary to admit the instrument, which
was eleven feet high, seven feet fr^nt and four
feet deep. The changes being made, the organ
was set up. • On the following Sabbath, there it
stood, silent ; many looked in blank astonish-
ment at this intrusion ; little was said, however.
On the second Sabbath it was played during the
gathering of the Sunday school children, but
immediately closed when the church service
proper began. A week or two later, it was
heard as the congregation were dispesring after
the morning services were ended; the people

stopped, looked, and wondered. The organist
had

" Struck one chord of music,

Like the sound of a great Amen ;
It quieted pain and sorrow,

Like love overcoming strife ;
It seemed the harmonious echo,
From our discordant life."

Several weeks went by^ however, before its
melodious tones were incorporated with the
Psalms and Hymns, the people forgetting that
in the long-ago " they praised Him with stringed
instruments and organs."

Rev. James Culbertson remained pastor of
this church from the time of his ordination until
his death, which occurred February 23, 1847.
His first sermon in Zanesville was preached the
second Sabbath in August, 1812, from Cor. Ill,
2 ; his last, from Matt. XXIV, 13. In those
days a singular precaution was thrown around
the communion service. At the preparatory
service, on the day before and on the morning of
communion day, tokens, consisting of a flattened
circular piece of lead, about the size of a silver
dime, with the letters 'L. C stamped on one side,
were distributed to those who expected to take
part in the service. These tokens were taken up
on Sabbath morning after the communicant was
seated at the table. No one could receive the
token from the Elders whose conduct did not be-
come a Christian, and no one could receive the
communion without having received the token ;
yet, large numbers were added to the church on
these occasions. From this church was formed
that at Newton, in 1829, the Putnam Presby-
terian church, in 1834, ^^'^ ^^^ Second Presby-
terian church, in 1852. It is, therefore, the mother
church of this denomination in this county, and
looks with pride on the growth and prosperity of
each of them, saying :

" Oh Shepherd, who leadest our souls to thee,
From the desert and rocky steep,
Thy rod and thy staff in the shadow we see,
And thou wilt our little ones keep !"

The walls of the old church had begun to give
way, and the town had grown so rapidly to the
north and east after the organization of the
church on the other side of the river, that it was
deemed best to build in a more central part of
the town. The Church purchased the lot now
occupied by the Second Church building, and
this was given in exchange for the lot now oc-
cupied by this church. The building was erected
at a cost of between $14,000 and $15,000. At
the time of building, it was agreed that the
pews should be free, and except two brief
periods — when the'pevvs were rented — the agree-
ment was kept ; they are free now.

The dedication of the church took place on
the fourth Sabbath of December, 1841. The
pastor was assisted on this occasion by Rev. Mr.
Wylie, of Newark, and Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Co-
lumbus. The latter preached the sermon.

164

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The pulpit of this church was vacant for about
six months after the resignation of Mr. Brown,
when the Rev. Moses A. Hoge was called. He
began his work here on the 26th of June, 185 1.

Mr. Hoge was the son of the Rev. Dr. Hoge,
many years Pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Columbus, Ohio ; was born and raised
in Columbus, graduated in the autumn of 1838,
from the University of Ohio ; subsequently
taught sign language in the institution for the
Deaf and Dumb, in Columbus ; spent the winter
of '44 and '45 at Princeton Theological Seminary ;
was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Co-
lumbus the year previous ; ordained and installed
over the church of Athens, Ohio, June 4, 1846.
He continued his pastorate in this church until
the organization of the Second Presbyterian
Church of this city. The two churches, how-
ever, continued to worship together during the
following winter. At the request of the new
church, and with the consent of the old. Rev.
Mr. Hoge was set apai-t by the Presbytery as the
pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, of
Zanesville.

The Rev. James M. Piatt was called to the
pastorate of this church, and entered upon his
work July 24th, 1853. He was ordained by the
Presbytery, October 19th, of the same year. The
venerable Father Wylie, of Newark, preached
the sermon, and made the ordination prayer,
and Rev. M. A. Hoge delivered the charge to
both pastor and people.

Mr. Piatt was born in Athens, Bradford
county, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1826 ; his
father was Rev. Isaac Watts Piatt. James en-
tered the University of New York in the fall of
1843, and completed his . academic studies in
1847. He entered Princeton Theological Semi-
nary in 1850, and completed his theological
course in April, 1853, and was licensed by the
Presbytery of New York.

The name of Rev. James M. Piatt became
familiar, not only to every household of his
church, but to many not of his communion.
His picture hangs on many a wall, and his face,
says Rev. W. P. Shrom, "is as familiar as that
of a much loved friend." His pastorate con-
tinued until April, 1867. He was subsequentl}'
called to fill the pulpit in Bath, New York.

The Rev. George II. Webster was called, and
came to fill the vacant pulpit October 5th, 1867.
During Mr. Webster's pastorate, the old mode
of church subscription and the tedious work of
collecting was abolished, and the present en-
velope system introduced, and the first steps
taken toward the purchase of a parsonage, which
was completed in the spring of 1873. Mr.
Webster was thoroughly informed on literary
and scientific subjects. He resigned his pastorate
to take charge of the Seminary for Ladies, at
Granville, Ohio.

Rev. W. P. Shrom, the present pastor, re-
ceived the unanimous call of the church Novem-
ber 9th 1872, and entered on his work in December
following ; he was received by the Presbytery of
Zanesville April 8th, 1873, and installed April

14th. The Rev. J. P. Safford, D.D., presided
— Rev. George H. Webster,- the former pastor,
preached the sermon, from John, chapter XII,
verse 32. Rev. AddiSon Kingsbury, D.D., gave
the charge to the pastor, and Dr. Safford
to the people. The installation prayer was
made by Rev. T. K. Davis, of Wooster, Ohio —
all in the presence of a large audience.

Wm. P. Shrom was born November 2d, 1840,
in Carlisle, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania.
When a mere child, his parents removed to Illi-
nois, where they sojourned about a year, and re-
solved to make their home in Ohio, and settled
on a farm a little north of Columbus, in Franklin
county. It was here he grew up ; here, busied
with the duties of farm-life, like every farmer's
son, we hear him preaching his first sermon in
soliloquy :

The bubbling brook doth leap when I come by,

Because my feet find measure with its call ;
The birds know when the friend they love is nigh,

For I'm known to them, great and small.
The flower that on the hillside grows,

Expects me there when spring its bloom has given,
And many a tree and bush my wandering knows,

And e'en the clouds and silent stars of heaven ;
For he who with his Maker walks aright

Shall be their lord, as Adam was before;
He'll catch each sound with new delight,

Each object wear the dress it wore ;
And he, as when erect in soul he stood,

Hear from his Father's lips that all is good.

One and twenty years passed before the op-
portunity presented itself for him to enter upon
a classical course of study. Otterbein Univer-
sity, Franklin county, was his Alma Mater, in
1868. The course of study, it will be seen, car-
ried him over the period of the Nation's peril,
and in consequence of the Rebellion, his studies
were postponed when the cry "we're coming
Father Abraham, with a hundred thousand
more !" was heard. His first service was with
the 5th Indiana Cavalry. The second, as a
Lieutenant in Company B, of the 178th Ohio. He
was afterwards three years a student at the The-
ological Seminary, of Allegheny City, Pennsyl-
vania, licensed to preach by the conference of
the United Brethren in Christ, in 1870, and or-
dained a minister by the same conference in 187 1.
He began to preach in Westmoreland county,
Pennsylvania, and ere he had fully entered on
the work of the ministry, Lebanon Valley Col-
lege, Pennsylvania, said to him: "Come over
and help us," and he accepted the chair of mental
and moral ^ience. Not willing to abandon the
ministry, however, he accepted the .position but
one year, and became a supply to J:he Presby-
terian Church in Asftland during the pastor's
absence in Europe.

Sunday School. — The advent of the Sunday
School, marks an era in the life of the Church.
Agencies and influences, hitherto unknown and
unsuspected, were thereby brought into activity,
by which the Church was enabled to reach out

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

^65

beyond her Christian households, and take by
the hand multikides of people, at their most im-
pressible age, and make them her true and con-
stant friends.

The early methods of the Sunday School, con-
trasted with those of our day, would no doubt
seem crude and unsatisfactory. There was. the
absence of books and papers ; and we seem to
hear a lingering echo of untutored voices, un-
aided by musical instruments, singing, with a
melancholy wail, such hymns as "Broad is the
Road that Leads to Death," etc., and we ask
ourselves : What was the charm to bring those
learners thither, while Nature, with her won-
, derful resources, beckoned them to game and
fish, fruit and flowers, and the songs of birds —
in God's first temple? Questioning Philosophy
cannot discern it. But it was there, gleaming
through sympathetic eyes — the potent charm of
a Christian heart. Then, as now, words of ten-
derness were the magic power.

We said fhere were no books — there was but
one, but they studied it. Perhaps there is no
great advantage in the multiplicity of text books
and commentaries of our day, as the great book
is well-nigh lost sight of.

According to the late E. H. ^Church, who was
one of the first pupils, the first Sunday School
in Eastern Ohio was organized in "the old Court
House" — at that time used by the Presbyterians,
as a place of worship — in the year 1816, by
Mathew Finley, Joseph Church, F. Moorehead,
and Mr. Dale. It was a union of all Protestant
denominations. The school was more thor-
oughly organized in 1817, when some fifteen
ladies canvassed the town, for scholars. In
1819, it was removed to the new Presbyterian
Church, at the corner of Fourth and South
streets, and was, thenceforward, a school of the
church.

. The present officers and teachers are : J. M.
Brunsoh, Superintendent; Webster Dumm, As-
sistant Superintendent ; James R. Peabody,
Treasurer ; Charles E. Coffman, Secretary.

The number of teachers 18

The number of scholars 258

The number of scholars in infant class 50

Total number scholars and teachers 326

MOXAHALA AVENUK MeTHOIHST EPISCOPAL

Church. — ^The records were in the building on
the southwest corner of Main street and Putnam
avenue, in the custody of Isaac Stires, at the
time of the fire that destroyed that building, in
the Spring of 1872, and thus the history of the
church is largely traditional. We learn that this
was one of the oldest churches organized in this
section of Ohio — and yet, cannot fix the date of
erecting the first building ; however, the lot on
which the church was built, was donated by
"Levi Whipple and wife, Eliza Whipple," on
November 23, 1815, on the one part, "and Wil-
liam H. Moore, John Goshen, James Vickers,
John LafFery,John Russell, Barnabas Munroe,and
Benjamin Rickets, Trustees, for and in consider-

ation of the love and respect for religion, and a
desire to promote religious institutions, believing
it an appointed means for the welfare and pros-
perity of the Christian Church on earth, and
with a sincere desire to promote pure piety in
every denomination of Christians, have given,
granted, aliened, released, confirmed, and con-
veyed," to the Trustees above named, ""for the
Methodist Episcopal Church, in the town of Put-
nam, and vicinity." The size of the lot being
twenty-five one-hundredths of an acre, and the
north half of lot number sixty-eight. It is pre-
sumed that the first church on this lot was erect-
ed within a year after the lot was given, as the
building was a one-story frame, forty by forty
feet. Some years afterward, this wooden struc-
ture was removed, and a one-story brick church
erected in its place. While this house was un-
der construction, the congregation held religious
services in the old oil mill, j:hat stood. immediate-
ly north of the church site. In 1867, the brick
building mentioned was superseded by a com-
modious two-story edifice, forty-five by seventy-
three feet. Rev. I. W. Stanley was pastor at
this time. As other churches were organized,
this congregation diminished, until, by increase
of population, it again became the centre of sup-
ply— for people are govei'ned by convenience in
church-going. The church is again meeting the
wants of the community, and the increasing
numbers greatly encourage the workers in the
vineyard.

The names of the pastors who have served this
church, are : Trimble, Spahn, McCabe ("Chap-
lain"), Gurley, Sours, Fee, Merrill, Stanley,
Wakefield, Monroe, Holcomb, Fellows, Porter,
Jamison, Dickson, Hickson, S. D. Hutsinpiller,
and J. H. Creighton.

The officers of the church are: Trustees: J.
R. Thomas, James Curtis, Theodore Thompson,
P. P. Wilbur, and I. Leasure ; the Stewards :
Stephen E. Stockdale, Benjamin Fenn, John
Parshall, and James P. Curtis ; the Treasurer :
J. R. Thompson ; Recording Steward, Stephen
E. Stockdale ; District Steward, J. P. Curtis.

The first Sunday' School, in connection with
this church, was organized about 1830, under
Jonathan Brelsford, Superintendent ; and, al-
though subjected to some trials, has never sus-
pended. It is now in a flourishing condition.
The officers are : Superintendent, Joseph R.
Thomas, assisted by James Curtis. Sherman
Adamson is Secretary ; Lillie McDonald, Treas-
urer ; Fred Curtis and Florence Drake, Libra-

rians.

St. James' Protestant Episcopal Church.
— St. James' parish is the oldest Episcopal
Church organization in the "Diocese of south-
eastern Ohio," (which includes the southern
half of the State,) and with, perhaps, only a sin-
gle exception, it is the oldest in the whole State.
It was organized "at a meeting held pursuant
to public notice, in the Court House, in Zanes-
ville, on the 17th day of October, in the year
of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and

i66

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

sixteen." At this meeting, Horace Reed, M.
D., presided, and John Gordon, Esq., acted as
Secretary. "A vote being taken, it was unan-
imously agreed that a chuixh be founded, and
that it shall be known as St. James' Church,
Zanesville, Ohio." The Rev. Joseph Doddridge,
M.D., was thereupon elected Rector of the
parish, and the following gentlemen were chosen
as officers for the ensuing year : Wardens —
Horace Reed, M.D., and Seth Adams. Ves-
trymen— ^Jeffi"y Price, Moses Moorehead, E. B.
Merwin and Calvin Conant. Treasurer, A.
Harper ; Lay Reader, Samuel Burnham, M.D.

The parish was incorporated by an act of the
Legislature of Ohio, passed the 31st day of Jan-
uary, 1833. The corporators were the wardens
and vestry, then in office ; but their names are
not given in the records of the parish. The act
of incorporation bears the signatures of David T.
Disney, Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives, and Samuel R. Miller, Speaker of the
Senate.

The public religious services of the parish seem
to have been held at first in the Court House ;
but in themonth of June, in 1817, and for some
time thereafter, the services were held in the
Methodist church, which was kindly loaned for
the purpose. It was not till the year 1831, that
the congregation were able to worship in a build-
ing of their own. On the 17th of July, of that
3^ear, the first church edifice was consecrated.
It stood on the southeast corner of South and
Sixth streets — the site of the present Eng-
lish Lutheran Church. It was built of brick,
and was very small and plain. In 1835, this
building having become too small for the congre-
gation, was enlarged to nearly double its orig-
al size ; it was sold in 1841, as a preliminary to
the erection of a new edifice.

From 1841 to 1843, the public services were
held in the Senate Chamber of the Court House.
The present elegant and substantial gothic edi-
fice, built of finished sand stone, was begun in
1 84 1, the corner stone being laid on "St. John
Baptist's Day," June 24th. It was finished in a
temporary manner, and first used for public wor-
ship on Easter Day, 1843. In 1853, both the
basement and the audience chamber wer6 com-
fortably and beautifully completed. The "In-
strument of Donation" was executed by James
Crosby, Senior Warden, and E. E. Fillmore,
Clerk, and was dated August 26, 1854. '^^^
church was consecrated on the 7th of September
following, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Charles P.
Mcllvaine, D.D.

At the time of the consecration, the church
tower was unfinished, and remained so for about
twenty-four years, being finished in 1878, at
which time a bell (weighing upwards' of 2,000
pounds) was placed in the tower ; this fine bell
was the gift of Mrs. C. W. Chandler, of Ger-
mantown. Pa., and formerly a member of this
parish. The stained glass windows were dona-
ted a few years before the completion of the tow-
er, by the late James R. Cooper. The organ,
now in use, was purchased in 185 1. As nearly

as can be ascertained, the total cost of the church
was about $20,000.

The handsome and commodious rectory of the
parish, on North Fourth street, was purchased in
1863.

The succession of Rectors of the parish, as
given in the records, is as follows : Rev. Joseph
Doddridge, M.D., who served from the organiza-
tion, October 17, 1816, to 1818 ; Rev. Intrepid
Morse, from 1818, to January, 1822; Rev. Phil-
ander Chase, Jr., from June, 1822, to January,
1823 ; Rev. Joseph Doddridge, M.D., from No-
vember, 1824, to June, 1826; (Rev. Mr. Langs-
ton officiated during part of the year 1826.) Rev.
Amos G. Baldwin, from December, 1826, to some ^
time in 183 1 ; Rev. John P. Robinson, froni '
September, 1831, to April, 1832; Rev. William
Suddards, from February, 1834, to 1835 ; Rev.
William A. Smallwood, D.D., from July, 1835,
to March, 1853 ; Rev. George W. DuBois, from
September, 1853, to January, 1856; Rev. J. W.
Claxton, assistant minister, from Jul^^, 1855, to
January, 1856 — Rector from January, 1856, to
March, 1857 ; Rev. George W. DuBois, from
March, 1857, to May, 1857 ; Rev. Thomas G.
Addison, from May, 1857, to October, 1859;
Rev. William A. Newbold, from November,
1859, t° some time' in 1863 ; Rev. John M. Lea-
vitt, from 1863 to. 1866. The present Rector,
Rev. J. Fohl, D.D., took charge of the parish in
April, 1866.

At the various times when the rectorship of
the parish was vacant, the public services were
conducted by Lay "Readers. For thirty-one
years, (from 1825 to 1856) James Crosby acted
as Lay Reader. Mr. Crosby also held the office
of Senior Warden from 1832 to the time of his
death, in 1858, and his name is held "in grate-
ful remembrance" for his constant interest m the
parish, and his unwearied effiarts to promote its
prosperity.

The parish Sunday School was organized in
1834, ^^^ ever since has been carried on without
interruption, and generally with much efficiency
and success. The number in attendance in Feb-
ruary, 1880, was about one hundred and forty
scholars, and eighteen officers and teachers.
There is also a Mission Sunday School connec-
nected with this parish, numbering about two
hundred scholars, and fifteen officers and teach-
ers . The nurnber of communicants connected with
the parish when it was organized is not known ; in
1819, the number was twenty-two ; in 1831, the
number was thirty ; in 1840, it was ninety ; in
1842, only eighty-seven ; in 1850, it was one
hundred and twenty-five i in i860, one hundred
and ninety-three ; in 1870, it had two hundred
and forty-five. Death and removals made the
number smaller during the next ten years ; the
number reported by the Rector in 1869, was two
hundred and twenty-eight.

In March, 1817, five months after the organ-
ization of the parish, a Parochial Missionary So-
ciety was formed, and ever since then the parish
has taken an active interest in Mission work.

The contributions to Diocese, Domestic and

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

167

Foreign Missi-ons, have always been large, in
proportion to the financial ability of the parish.

On Sunday, Febi'uary 28, 1819, the Rt. Rev.
Philander Chase, D.D.j ofTiciated, delivering his
first sermon in the Diocese after his consecra-
tion as Bishop.

On Saturday, November 24, 1838, the Rt.
Rev. Charles P. Mcllvane, D.D., began his
ministry and work as Bishop of Ohio, by officiat-
ng in this parish.

On Sunday, October 28, 1859, the Rt. Rev.
G. T. Bedell, D.D., entered upon his work as
assistant Bishop of Ohio, by officiating in this
parish.

On Thursday, May 13, 1875, the Rt. Rev.
Thomas A. Jaggar, D.D., began his work as
Bishop of Southern Ohio, by officiating in St.
James' Church, Zanesville.

The Apostolic rite of Confirmation was admin-
istered for the first time in this pai-ish. May 23d,
1819, by Bishop Chase. The services were
held, by request, in the Presbyterian meeting-
house, on the corner of Fourth and South streets.
Twenty-five persons were confirmed.

In the year 1825, the Convention of the Dio-
cese met in this parish, for the first time.

In the year 1834, the first ordination service ever
held in this parish took place, Mr. Suddards (af-
terwards Rector) being ordained to the Deacon-
ate.

The seal of the parish, chosen by the vestry,
January 7th, 1851, was "the head side- of a
dime." On the 7th of September, 1854, it was
changed to "the head side of the American
quarter dollar, for 1854," '^^^ this order is still
in force.

The officers of the parish are as follows : Rec-
tor, Rev. J. T. Ohl, D.D. ; Senior Warden, E.
E. Fillmore ; Junior Warden, W. R. Hazlett ;
Vestrymen, M. M. Granger, George F. Russell,
George M, Jewett, F. J. L. Blandy, George W.
Hazlett, George C. Townsend, and George D.
Gibbons ; Secretary, George M. Jewett ; Treas-
urer, George F. Russell. Superintendent of
Sunday School, G. W. Hazlett; Superintendent
of Mission Sunday School, Robert Fulton. Pres-
ident of Ladies' Missionary Society, Mrs. John
Hazlett ; Vice-President, Mrs. C. G. Dillon ;
Secretary, Miss Anna Jones ; Treasurer, Mrs.
G. F. Russell.

Rev. Dr. f. F. Ohl i-esigned his pastorate, in
order to take a position in Kenyon College ; his
resignation took efl^ect the last Sunday in Au-
gust, 1880. Thereupon, the Parish called the
Rev. I. McK. Pittenger, from Cleveland, Ohio,
where he had been an assistant at St. Paul's, in
charge of St. Luke's and Grace Church, New-'
burg. Mr. Pittenger is a recent accession from
the Presbyterians, and comes with the reputa-
tion of a successful ministry. He entered on
his rectorship at Zanesville, on Christmas Day,
1880.

Lutheran Church. — The inception of this
church may be traced back to Nicholas Border
and his wife, Elizabeth, who came to Zanesville
in 1803. They brought with them the seed of

the faith, which has grown into the present flour-
ishing tree. In the course of human events, the
infant daughter they brought with them became
the wife of John Bowman, who came in 1817.
Following him, came Jacob Reese, Sr., and his
wife, George Clapper and wife, Michael Sock-
man and wife, Solomon Myers and wife, Chris-
topher Spangler, Peter Sockman and wife,
and, as their hearts went out in words of Chris-
tian love, they met with one accoi'd at each
others' houses, for worship. Mrs. Susannah
Bowman, the oldest, living, of the compan}'
which formed the circle alluded to, remembers
attending the first of those "cottage meetings,"
at the house of a Mr. Schmeltzer, on the corner
of Fourth and South streets.

In those days, evangelists traveled over this re-
gion, scattering seed-thoughts of faith. Among
them were Weiser, Foster, and Andrew Hinkle,
whose visits were irregular. The first house of
worship built by this denomination, was a small,
frame structure, erected in 1818, on the northeast
corner of Seventh and South streets, and which
contained a pipe organ, made by L. P. Bailey,
a skilled workman, then, as now, held in high
esteem. In 1820, the little fiock selected Rev.
Samuel Kaemmerer as their pastor, and elected
John Alter and Peter Sockman as Elders, Jacob
Bowman and Jacob Brock as Deacons, John
Bowman and Jacob Mercer as Trustees, and
John Bowman as Treasurer. Alsout this time,
Jacob Mercer and wife, Mrs. Hannah Smith,
Miss Sarah Border, and Daniel and Solomon Bor-
der, were added to the church. The pastor's
wife, and daughter (Mi-s. Elizabeth Conway),
and another daughter (Mrs. Susan Cole), and
Charlotte, Charles, and Paul Kaemmerer, and
Walter Kelly and wife, were also members of the
church.

The services of this church, during eighteen
years, were conducted in German and English ;
the former in the morning, and the latter in the
afternoon. As their numbers increased, the
English-speaking poi-tion, preferring to have
services in the forenoon as well, determined to
reorganize and form a new church.

St. John's English Evangelical LuiHERAN
Church, the society embracing the English-
speaking members, was organized in 1839, with
the following officers :

George Clapper, Solomon Deffenbaugh, and
John Bowman, Trustees ; Jacob Reese and John
Alter, Sr., Elders ; J. J. Brock and Abraham
Arter, Wardens ; William Schultz, Secretary
and Treasurer.

Members — Nicholas Border and wife, Jacob
Reese and wife, John Alter and wife, Peter Sock-
man and wife, Isabella. Ream, John Bowman
and wife, Philip Munch and wife, J. J. Brock
and wife, Solomon Deffenbaugh, Edney Man-
ley, Margaret Leutz, Mary Mercer, Solomon
Reese, Solomon Culp, Fi-ances J. Mooney, Ja-
cob Livingood, Catharine Ritz, Mary Ann
Wright, J. K. Wright, and about twenty-five
others.

Rev. A. Bartholomew became the pastor, and

i68

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

served until 1843. His successors have been :
Rev. Stephen A. Mealy, Rev. W. C. Houar
(Rev. A. Bartholomew, recalled in 1848), Rev.
.A. Bosserman, who was dismissed for his uni-
versalism ; Rev. A. J. Weddell ; from 1856 to
1869, no settled pastor; Rev. M. C. Horine,
Rev. W. P. Ruthrauf, and the present incum-
bent, who began his service in 1876.

This congregation purchased from St. James'
Episcopal Church, a building vacated by them,
situate on the northwest corner of Sixth and
South streets, for three thousand dollars, which
they re-dedicated on the 2d of December, 1841,
Rev. A. Bartholomew officiating.

In 1878, the congregation erected their present
church edifice, on the southeast corner of Sixth
and South streets, and subsequently built an ad-
dition for Sunday School and other purposes, the
entire cost amounting to $7^500. These build-
ings were erected on the same site as that pur-
chased from St. James' congregation.

The Sunday School was organized at an early
day, but no i-ecords of special interest are avail-
able. There are seven teachers and fifty pupils ;
it has a library of 150 Volumes The Superinten-
dent is H. W. Elson, assisted by A. F. Baker.
The Treasurer and Secretary is H. Jacob Baker :
Librarians, Samuel Elson and Miss Edith Snider.
The Pastor, Rev. F. Richards. Deacons :
John Bowman, John H. Brooks, H. J. Baker,
Volney Day, J. G. Shalteis, George W. W.
Walter, and W. H. Deffenbaugh.

The oldest member of the church is Mrs. John
Bowman, nee Border, who is in a good state of
preservation, and delights to read her Bible, an
old German edition, printed in I7i9-

The Lutheran Churches here, and in Ohio, are
subject to the English District Synod of Ohio, in
connection with the General Council of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America.

The following is the action of the Church
Council of the St. John's English Evangelical
Lutheran Church on the death of Mr. John
Bowman.

Whereas, God has taken out of our midst
our brother officer, Mr. John Bowman ; there-
fore, be it

Resolved, That we bow in humble submis-
sion to the Divine will, and acknowledge the
hand of Him who doeth all things well, m this
our bereavement.

Resolved, That we bear our testimony to the
worth of our deceased brother, to his generous
benevolence in all our church enterprises, to his
consistent Christian life, to his regularity in the
Divine worship, to his conscientiousness in the
discharge of the duties of the office which he
has held from the organization of our congrega-
tion to the day of his death.

Resolved, That we, as officers, shall en-
deavor to imitate his example in the interest he
has felt in the advancement of the cause of
Christ and in the faithfulness he has shown in
attendance upon the means of grace.

Resolved, That we, as a Church Council,
attend his funeral in a body, that the church edi-

fice be draped in mourning for the space of
thirty days, and that a special memorial service
be held on Sunday, the 30th of October.

Resolved, That we extend our deepest sympa-
thies to the aged widowed wife, to his bereaved
family and that a copy of these resolutions be
submitted to them, and also published in the
city papers and that they be entered upon the rec-
cords of the church.

H. J. Baker, Secretary.

First Baptist Church. — In the fall of 1820,
Elder George C. Sedwick left Winchester, Vir-
ginia, for the purpose of exploring the West.
Taking Zanesville in his route, he tarried a few
days, during which time he preached the un-
searchable riches of Christ. He then visited
Kentucky and Indiana, receiving several invita-
tions to settle with strong churcheS, and the offer .
of a good salary ; but his mind was fixed upon
Zanesville, though there was no Baptist Church
there, and only one man known to be a Baptist.
So strong were his impressions of duty, that he
returned and commenced his labors in the begin-
ning of 1821. The court house and private
dwellings aflForded places for preaching and
church meetings.

On the nth of Febuary, 1821, three persons
were baptized, viz : Isaiah Miller, Thomas
Sheppard and J. Johnson ; these were the first
fruits of his ministry in this new field. Bap-
tisms are also mentioned as having occured in
April, May and June ; on the i6th of June, the
church was constituted. Elder George C.
Sedwick was, on the same day, chosen pastor, '
and Joseph Sheppard and Jeremiah Dale were
made Deacons, and Thomas Sheppard, Clerk.
They agreed at this meeting to unite with the
Muskingum Association, which met August the
22d, following. At this meeting, they reported
thirty seven baptized, and four received by letter,
total, forty one. In the second report of the Asso-
ciation, in August, 1822, they returned thirty-
nine baptized, twelve received by letter, six dis-
missed, total 83. In their last report to this Asso-
ciation, in 1825, they stated a total of 104; and
that there had been baptized, at that date, 105.
Considering that they had no meeting house for
the first two or three years, and that other socie-
ties had so much the start, this was considered a
good beginning, and an evidence of the leadings
of providence in planting the Gospel standard in
this place.

Their house of worship, which had been in
process of erection for some time, was ready for
use in the fall of 1823, and was dedicated to the
service of God, November 15th, of that year,
and on the 15th of December, following, the first
meeting was held in the new church. This was
a neat one story brick building, 40x60, quite as
good as any other in the town.

In May, 1826, the Ohio Baptist State Conven-
tion was organized in the new church, and there
held its first three annual meetings. The day
after the convention closed its first session, the
Meigs Creek Association was constituted, with.

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m III

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

169

seven churches and 409 members, at the Brook-
field Church, now in Noble county. This church
was one of the seven which formed that body.
Previous to this, there had been no Association
east of the Muskingum river, except a small
body called " Still Water," located in the north
part of Guernsey and Belmont counties, which,
about this time, was extinct, having been carried
away by what was called Campbellism.

The church appears to have had peace within
her walls for eight or ten j'ears, during which
time many were added to her members, and
about that time another swarm — thirty-one mem-
bers— withdrew, to form a new hive.

Elder Sedwick occupied a very prominent
position among the Baptist Ministers of Ohio,
and he is held "in grateful remembrance" by
those who knew him. His was truly a mission-
ary spirit ; on this subject he held advanced
views, and earnes,t. As an illustration : Early
in the spring of 1832, he pi-oposed to i-aise $100
jointly between Zanesville and Granville, for
Foreign Missions. Rev. Allen Darrow informs
us that this was done, and that he was the bearer
of that sum to the "Triennial Convention,"
which met in New York, in May, of that year.
[The constitution required $100 from each rep-
resentative.] And when the $100 was handed
in to the Treasurer, [Deacon H. Lincoln,] he
said: "Hei^e is the first sheaf of the harvest
from Ohio." He was foremost also in establish-
ing the College in Granville, and among the first
Trustees, and continued in that body until death
closed his career. He resigned his pastorate in
July, 1836, when the church was without an
under-shepherd about one year, and then called
Elder William Sedwick, who entered upon his
labors in July 1837. His connection with the
church was gratifying, and a good degree of
harmony and prosperity attended their mutual
labors.

Just at the close of Elder Wm. Sedwick's sec-,
ond year, and after the church had signified its
desire for his continuance, he 'was called to
preach the funeral sermon of Elder Wm., Spencer,
of Salem township, who died suddenly. The
church in Adamsyille, where Elder Spencer had
labored for twenty-one years, earnestly requested
Elder Sedwick to come to their church, and after
several weeks' consideration he resigned the care
of the church in Zanesville and accepted the call
and moved to Adamsville. Elder S. S. Parr
was then called to the church in Zanesville, and
commenced his labors in December, 1839. He
was an eloquent man, and might truly be called
a "Boanerges." His stay, however, was short,
though prosperous, many being added during
the eighteen months of his pastorate. After his
resignation and removal, in April 1841, Elder
John M. Courtney was called. He served faith-
fully during seven years, and enjoyed the con-
fidence of the church and of the community.
The church was greatly strengthened and en-
larged under his ministry. A few years after
his removal from Zanesville, he passed "over
the river," All loved Brother Courtney, and

deeply lamented his death. David E. Thomas
succeeded Brother Courtney, and was pubHcly
installed in December, 1849. The exercises were
conducted by Elders George C. Sedwick and
Abel Johnson. Brother Thomas was a native of
Wales, and spoke his native language as fluently
as the English. But few were his equal in de-
bate. He served the church up to the close of
1855. "Many were added to the church during
his ministry, and the present church was erected
while he was pastor, although it was not finished
for some years after he left. He died at his
home, near Piqua, Ohio.

.After the resignation of Rev. Thomas, Rev.
J. B. Conyers was called. He served about
three years, durijUg which time the church ex-
pei-ienced serious troubles — which were the out-
growth of difficulties engendered before Brother ■
Conyers became pastor — and finally terminated
in the withdrawal of sixty-four members, who
organized another church, called the Sfxth
Street Church. This body subsequently united
with the Market Street Church of Zanesville.

In December, 1859, I^^v. D. F. Carnahan be-
came the pastor and served three years. During
his ministry the church moved on in harmony.
He resigned his office as pastor to become an
officer in the Army of the Noi-th against the
Southern Rebellion. After his resignation,
Elder Smith, of Virginia, supplied the church
for a short time, and was succeeded by Brother
George W. Young, of Pennsylvania. His mis-
sion was also of short duration, but he was called
away by death, on the 12th of November, 1864.
This unexpected loss was deeply lamented by
the congregation, as well as his family ; all
mourned, even as a household, for a good man
had fallen.

After the death of Brother Young, the church
called Brother J. B. Sharp, who entered upon
his duties as pastor in February, 1865. Qiiite a
large addition of members were received by bap-
tism during his ministry. And again, as if the
church was destined to be the mother of
churches, seventy-seven members, sixty-five of
whom were verj' largely young people, separated
from the flock, and were constituted the Berean
Church, but subsequently disbanded, some re-
turning to their mother church, and some to the
Market Street Church.

In August, 1866, Rev. W. G. Pratt became the
pastor, and while some had felt as though severely
tried, and as if enduring along, dark and fearful
night, the morning at last dawned, and the)'
hailed with delight the promise of peace.

During the year that Brother Pratt was with
them, they were chiefly engaged in adjusting the
unsettled state of affairs that he found to exist.
A large number being excluded, the church was
pruned that it might bi"ing forth more fruit.

Rev. S. Washington, of Pittsburg, was the
successor of Brother Pratt, and took the over-
sight of the church in April. 1868. He wielded
a salutary influence in favor of the church, and
through him she was lifted up to a higher posi-

170

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

tion of usefulness. A number of useful persons
were added to her numbers.

The meetirig house was repaired and beauti-
fied during this time, at great expense, most of
which was subscribed and paid, and the church
was well nigh through the wilderness ; her pulse
beat more healthily than for years before. But it
was with "fear and trembling," for Brother
Washington felt it his duty to resign and accept
a call from the church at Jacksonville, Illinois.
He closed his labors with the church in October,
1869, after a useful pastorate of eighteen months,
and they were without an under-shepherd sev-
eral months. January ist, 1870, a few .of the
faithful met and resolved to observe the ensuing
week in prayer to Almighty God. At this time,
also, thei-e was an unusual spirit of prayer in
nearly all of the churches in the city, and revi-
vals, also, in some of them.* Night after night,
a little band met in the basement of the First
Baptist Church and prayed, clinging to the right
arm of Jehovah, and believing His word. Light
shone suddenly upon them, and God gave heed
to their prayers in a way unexpected. The third
Sabbath morning in January, the Holy Spirit
came, with much power, into the Sunday School,
and prevailed among the scholars. The Super-
intendent noticed a spirit of religious inquiry in
the school, and he requested all who wished to
be prayed for to arise, and foily stood up for
prayer. This unlooked for event caused them to
send for Brother E. W. Daniels, of Rockville, to
come and help them a few days. He attended
to the Macedonian cry, and the church came up
nobly to the work with him ; the few days were
lengthened into weeks, and there were dail}^
added to the church rejoicing converts ; most of
the families in the church were rejoicing over the
salvation of some of their members ; whole house-
holds were brought into the church, and the only
ones of other families, who were out, were brought
into the church, and there was great joy in the
church and in the city ; near fifty persons pro-
fessed conversion, and a large number of young
men and women were received into the church,
many of whom became very efficient members.

The church extended a call to Brother Daniels
to become her pastor, and he began his pastoral
labors with them the first Sabbath in April, 1870.
All her meetings were well attended. The church
now looked forward to a promising future. She
had seen days of darkness, and seemed almost
destroyed. Thus the "vine brought out of
Egypt," planted in Zanesville, in 1821, has taken
deep root, and spread its branches eastward and
westward, till its songs of praise are sung in
China, and echoed back from hills and moun-
tains to the farthest known west, amid the valleys
and mountains of the Pacific slope.

Rev. E. W. Daniels resigned his pastorate in
the fall of 1872. The church was supplied by
Rev. R. S. James during the winter of 1872-73,
when Rev. Thomas Powell, of Geneva, Ohio,
received and accepted the unanimous call to be-
come the pastor, and entered upon his labors
April 1st, 1873, and continued as their pastor un-

til July 1st, 1877. From that date until October
following, the church was without a shepherd,
although it had numerous supplies. In that
month, the church called Rev. Dr. T. R. Palmer,
of Columbus, Indiana, and he entered immedi-
ately upon his labors. January ist, 1880, Dr.
Palmer ofFei'ed his resignation, to take effect
April 1st, following. In April, of that year, the
church extended a call to Rev. J. B. Ewell, of
Warsaw, Western New York, and he began his
labors in May, 1880, and is the present pastor.
The church is in good spiritual condition. The
following ministers have- gone out from the
church : Samuel Williams, George F. Adams,
John Maginnis, Thomas M. Erwin, Jeremiah
Dale, Benoni , Allen, Seth Wickham, Joseph
Sheppard, Thomas Sheppard, Ely Fry, Joseph
and William S. Sedwick, Robert Cairnes,
Thomas Sheppard, Jr., and William Ashmore.

The following churches have been oi-ganized
from her : Market Street Thii'd Church (colored).
Sixth Street and Berean. Large numbers have
removed to the West ; on one occasion forty
were dismissed to go West.

In 1832, seventy-six were baptized ; in 1833,
sixty -three ; in 1840, seventy-one ; and in 1848,
sixty-five. Very few churches in the State have
exerted a wider and more beneficial influence
upon the community in which they were located.

The Sunday-School was organized soon after
the church became a fact ; its record, according
to tradition, has been very satisfactory. The Su-
perintendent is H. M. Sedgwick, assisted by J.
D. Warner ;the Secretary is F. C. Deitz, assisted
by E. H. Bauer : the Librarian and Treasurer is
, assisted by George Mitchell ; the Chor-
ister is Lambert Parker ; the Organist is Miss
Oneida Mitchell. There are nineteen classes,
with an enrollment of two hundred and twenty-
five, and an average attendance of one hundred
and sixty-five. The attendance is fortj^ per cent,
greater than it was one year ago, and the officers
and teachers are noted lor their punctuality.

St. Thomas' Church [Catholic] — This
church was organized in 1820, by Rev. Nicholas
D. Young, O.P. The first members were John
S. D.ugan and family, and William Colerick and
family. The first pastor was Rev. Stephen H.
Montgomery, and the services were held in a
small brick ware-house, which stood on the north-
east corner of Fifth street and Locust alley.

The first church was a one story building,
thirty-five feet high, seventy feet deep, and forty
feet front, built at a cost of abovxt two thousand
dollars, and stood on the back part of the lot oc-
cupied by the present church. The corner stone
was laid in the spring of 1825, and the building
was dedicated to the service of Almighty God in
the fall of 1827. The ceremony was performed
by the Rt. Rev. Edward Tennick, Bishop of
Cincinnati.

The present church, located on the northeast
corner of Locust alley and Fifth street, is a mag-
nificent stone structure of one hundred and twen-
ty by sixty feet, and furnished in the most sub-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

171

stantial and beautiful manner ; the entire cost was
about $40,000. The corner-stone was laid
March 17, 1842, by Bishop Miles, of Tennessee.

The late pastor, Rev, P. C. Coll, was assisted
by Rev. C. H. Metzger and Rev. J. H. Lynch.
Father Coll was ordered to Washington, D. C,
and was succeeded by Rev. J. A. Bokel, who
came November 8, 1880 ; the assistants remain-
ing.

The membership of the church, which includes
children, is about 3,000.

The Svmda}' School was organized by Rev.
B. A. Brady, assisted by Miss Mary Wright,
Elizabeth Crowly, Julia Sullivan, andThomas R.
Phelps ; the latter was made Superintendent,
and Miss Crowly, assistant. John Taggart, Sec-
tary, and J. C. Sullivan, Treasurer. The Li-
brary was well selected, and is ample. Miss
Mary Wright, Librarian. This school was sub-
sequently substituted by the Parish school.

CATHOLIC SOCIETIES.

The Altar Society — was organized in 1830.

The Society of the Blessed Virgin Mary — was
organized in 1848.

The Rosary — an account of which follows
these societies, organized in 1848.

The Purgatorial Society — organized in 1877.

The Sacred Heart Society — organized in 1877.

The Holy name of Jesus Society — -organized
in 1880, having the following officers : Presi-
dent, E. P. Bloomer ; Secretary, J. C. Sullivan ;
Treasurer, Patrick Dugan.

These Societies are strictly devotional in their
exercises.

Saint Patrick's Benevolent Society — organized
March 17, 1859. The first officers were : Pres-
ident, George D. McMahon ; Secretary, Thomas
R. Phelps ; Treasurer, H.J. Dennis. The pres-
ent officers are : President, E. P. Bloomer ; Sec-
retary, Daniel Sattersal ; Treasurer, John Ryan.

Shortly after the bi^eaking out of the war of the
rebellion, and the call for troops was heard in
the city of Zanesville, this society, with true Irish
generosity and patriotism, gave all it had in its
treasury, five hundred dollars, to equip men for
the fray. This sum, the accumulation from hard
day labor, saved for the purpose of taking care
of their sick, burying the dead, an.d keeping the
wolf from the door of the widow and orphan,
had been husbanded with great cai-e by the Hon.
John O'Neil, then their President. But when
Sumter was fired upon, and the cry, "to arms !"
was heard throughout the North, they said with
•one voice :

Take this sacred fund, though it be,
And many stalwart Irishmen beside ;

Oh, our country, we would save thee,
Or go down in the crimson tide.

The city highly appreciated the generous of-
fer, yet on account of the purpose for which the
money had been raised, and the fact that means
were not lacking to accomplish the purpose for
which this money was offered, and considering

it far more than their portion, returned the money
to the society with sincere thanks.

St. Thomas' Benevolent and Literary Society
— organized May 2, 1871. The first officers
were: Henry J. Dennis, President; J. C. Sul-
livan, Secretary -L. H. Dennis, Treasurer. The
membership, at this time, was about twenty. The
present officers are : Thomas S. McCormack,
President ; Thomas Lacey, Secretary; J. C. Sul-
livan, Treasurer.

The present membership is about seventy-
eight. The society has a library of about six
hundred and fifty volumes, embracing standard
works on history, poetry, biography, religion, fic-
tion and encyclopaedias.

Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division No. i.
— This is a branch of a time honored association
for benevolence, and the care of the widow and
the orphan within its folds. The order in Zanes-
ville was organized in Zanesville, August 26,
1876, with the following officers : County Dele-
gate— P. J. Kelly ; President, Michael Hayden ;
Vice President, Terrence Farmer ; Financial
Seci^etary, James T. Bradley ; Recording Secre-
taiy, Michael Liston ; Treasurer, P. J. Kelly.
The present officers are : County Delegate,
Terrence Farmer; President, P. J. Kelly; Vice
President, Thomas Farrell ; Financial Secretary,
Howard Carroll ; Recording Secretary, C. F.
McCue ; Treasurer, Thomas Cosgrove. The
membership numbers about seventy-five. The
time and place of meeting — the first and third
Sunday evening of every month, at St. Thomas'
Hall, North Fifth street.

The Rosary was founded by St. Dominic,
and instituted, as a solemn form of devotion, in
the year 12 13. The same idea which prompted
St. Dominic to establish his order, prompted him
to establish the Rosary — one was to be the aux-
iliary of the other. When passing through France,
shortly before the period above mentioned, St.
Dominic was shocked and grieved at beholding
the ravages which the Albigensian heresy, then in
its full growth and vigor, was committing in that
portion of the Lord's vineyard. This heresy was
one of the most formidable and destructive that
ever afflicted the church of God, and it was for
its suppression, and to remedy the evils it had
caused, that Dominic conceived the thought of
founding, his order, to be composed of men who
should make teaching and preaching the truths
of the gospel, to every class of society, the grand
object of their lives. The heretics whom St. Dom-
inic and his confreres thus pitted themselves
against, are known in history as the Albigenses ;
they had their origin, as a sect, about A. D. 1160,
at Albigeois, in Languedoc,and at Toulouse ; they
opposed the disciples of the church, as we have
said. Their errors were not only destructive of
true religion and morality, but calculated to sap
the foundation of society itself. Like the Man-
ichians of old, they believed in the existence of
twOfgreat principles of good and evil, continually
contending against each other. Like them, also,
the}' taught that marriages were unlawful, and
should not be tolerated,- while the most scanda-

172

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

lous practices were allowed their followers. The
doctrine of the Incarnation was peculiarly dis-
tasteful to the Albigenses, and they strained ev-
ery point to bring it into odium amongst the peo-
ple ; and, owing to the ignorance and irreligion
■of a portion of France, at the time, they were
very successful. It was to remedy this evil, es-
pecially, that St. Dominic established the Ro-
sary. The idea was a happy one, and wisely
conceived. Knowing very well that it would be
labor in vain to attempt removing the errors that
had crept in, by explaining the great mysteries
of Christianity, in a scientific or theological man-
ner, therefore, he thought of establishing a form
•of prayer which would contain in itself an epitome
of Christianity, and which, while it enabled
those who practiced it to commune with God,
and draw down the blessings of Heaven upon
them, would afford, also, an oppoi'tunity of be-
ing instructed in the principles, mysteries and
dogmas, of the faith, by making them the subject
of their contemplation, while reciting a certain
form of prayer. How well it was calculated to
insure the end intended, the success in its pro-
mulgation and practice fully shows. Reciting
the Rosary very soon became a universal custom
among the people, and by meditating on the
mysteries which it represents, they became deep-
ly imbued with the principles of their faith, and
error received its death-blow, and disappeared
from amongst them. Especially was the mystery
of the Incarnation resuscitated and strengthened.
A society of the Rosary was formed, which still
exists, a branch of which was instituted in St.
Thomas' Church, in 1848, and which now num-
bers five hundred members. To this society the
church has granted the most extraordinary fa-
vors and indulgences ; it is in universal practice
in the church, and is considered one of the most
potent and excellent devotions, not only in its
simplicity, but grandeur, being suitable for every
rank or class ; for the ignorant as well as the in-
structed, the most limited capacity, or the most
learned philosopher. It is a combination of the
most beautiful petitions, or prayers, that can be
offered to propitiate Heaven. It commences with
t^e Lord's prayer, is followed by that beautiful
angelic salutation addressed to the blessed Vir-
gin Mary, " Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord
is with thee," (and the inspired words of St.
Elizabeth,) "Blessed art thou among women,
and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus," (and
the addition made by the church), " Holy Mary,
Mother of God, pray for us now and at the hour
of our death, amen," repeated one hundred and
fifty times, in imitation of the psalter of David.
These one hundred and fifty petitions are divided
into fifteen parts, or decades, terminating with a
special acknowledgement of praise and glory, to
the Blessed Trinity. While each decade is be-
ing recited, it is necessary also to contemplate
the great mystery of the Incarnation, the stupen-
dous miracle of God becoming man, and sub-
jecting himself to all the miseries of our nature,
for the redemption of man ; and so, also, the oth-
er great mysteries — the passion, death, resurrec-

tion, and ascension of Christ — while reciting the
other decades ; so that, while the tongue is em-
ployed in praising God in the most beautiful
forms of prayer, the mind is engaged in contem-
plcicing those miracles of grace and love which
He has lavished on man.

Zanesville is in the Diocese of Columbus, of
which Rt. Rev. John A. Watterson, D. D., was
consecrated Bishop, in St. Joseph's Cathedral,
Columbus, August 8th, 1880 ; the ceremony of
consecration was conducted by Bishop Elder, of
Cincinnati. The following prelates assisted : J.
B. Purcell, Archbishop of Cincinnati ; Coadjutor
Bishop Elder ; Bishop McClosky, of Louisville,
Kentucky ; Bishop Fitzgerald, of Little Rock,
Arkansas ; Bishop Twigg, Bishop Chatard, Bish-
op Toebbe and Bishop Dwenger.

South Street A. M. E. Church. — This

church was organized by the Rev. Freeman,

in the year 1826, at the house of Ellen Feelin, on
Seventh street, between Market and Main streets.
Meetings were held at hei" house about three
months, and subsequently in a small building on
Market street, east of Seventh street. Henry
Adkison was local preacher, and Miss John-
son, class leader.

The first members were : Henry Adcrisson, Jar-
ed Jenkins, Harriet Jenkins, David Woodlock,
Sarah Woodlock, Rachel Ford, Margaret Dar-
nal, Harriet Carter, William Lowery, Barbara
Lowery, Peter Stanton, Margaret Henderson,
Sarah Robertson, Enos Jones, Charlotte Marlon,
Elizabeth Stephens, Solomon Walker, Mary Hill,
Clarissa Walker and Elizabeth W^alker.

The first church edifice erected by the African
Methodist Episcopal Church, organized as above,
was a small brick building near the river, a little
east of Eighth street. From this brick church,
they removed to a frame school house, on Put-
nam Hill. " At this place, under the pastorate
of the Rev. George W. Coleman, they were bless-
ed with a gracious revival, and a large accession
to the church." From " Putnam Hill" they re-
moved back to Zanesville, into a frame church,
which they built on Ninth street, near South.
While in this church, they experienced another
revival, under Rev. Lawrence Newman. Here,
also, the Sabbath-School was organized. Henry
Newsom was the first Superintendent ; there was
one teacher and seven or eight scholars ; the
school flourished and was a source of pride.

The congregation remained in the frame church
for several years, when they purchased a brick
church on South street, between Third, and
Fourth streets, formerly occupied and owned by
the Protestant Methodists. They built a new
brick church on the same site, in 1876 ; the length
is sixty-three feet, and the width forty-five feet,
and cost seven thousand dollars.

The following ministers have served the
church — the time of the year not given — ^begin-
ning with 1856.

Rev. A. R. Greene, served two years; Rev.
David Smith, two years ; Rev. S. H. Thompson,
two years ; J. A. Shorter, three years ; Rev.
John Tibbs, three years ; Rev. G. W, Clark, one

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

173

ea'r;Rev. J. A. Warren, two years; Rev. J.
Eades, one year ; Rev Lewis Woodson, one
year ; Rev. Jeremiah Lewis, two years ; Rev. M.
W. Walker, two years ; Rev. J. W. Riley, six
months ;Rev.J. A. Nelson, two years ;Rev. A. A.
Whitman, eighteen months ; Rev. G. H. Graham,
two years ; Rev. John G. Mitchell — now in
charge, beginning September 2d, 1879. In
addition, the following are Local Preachers :
T. J. Barnett, N. B. King and Amos Grey.
The official members are as follows :

Trustees — N. G. Grant, Washington Turner,
William Pinn, James Guy, Alfred Dickinson,
Rice Barnett, Benjamin Messer, Washington
Johnson and Daniel Gravson.

Stewards— T. J. Barnett, N. T. Grant, Con-
way Tibbs, W. H. Carter, M. Clinton, Samuel
Guy, M. M. Simpson, Joseph S. Brown and N.
B. King.

Stewardesses — Eva Sawyer, Martha Carter,
Eliza Messer, Charlotte Barnett, Melissa Dol-
man, Cecillia Caliman, Dorcas Tate, Lucy Clin-
ton, Mary Tate.

Class Leaders — Rice Barnett, George W.
Turner, Charles Grant, Samuel Guy, T. J. Bar-
nett, Conway Tibbs, Charles Sawyer and A. J.
Carter.

Sabbath School Officers — Superintendent,
Charles H. Sawyer ; Assistant, Eliza Messer.

Treasurer — Charles S. Harrison ; Secretary,
Wm. L. Hardy.

Secretary — Eva Guy ; Librarian, Edward
Turner; Assistant Jennie Guy. Chorister —
George Simpson ; Organist, Minnie Barnett.

This church is subject to the Ohio Annual
Conference of the A. M. E. Church, which
meets according to appointment. The Bishop
is A. W. Wayne, D. D., of Baltimore, Marj^-
land.^

The congi'egation numbers two hundred and
thirty-four. The Sunday School numbers two
hundred, and teachers fifteen.

Market Street Baptist Church. — About
the year 1832, a little band of devoted Christians
met in what was then known as the Market
Street Academy, and organized what is known
as the Market Street Baptist Church, of Zanes-
ville, Ohio. Their meetiiigs for worship were
held in the court house, for a short time, and
then in a small building on South street, not far
from Seventh. And such were the difficulties with
which they had to contend that "they wept when
they remembered Zion." They were more intent,
•doubtless, on doing what they could to win souls
to the Master, than keeping a record of their
'doings, and so many of those pioneers have
passed "over the river" — and the difficulty in
consulting the few survivors is so great — indeed
fairly impossible, that we have been confined
to the traditions of those who have come after
them.

Rev. S. W. Hall, an earnest worker, was one
of the principal leaders of the' enterprise, and,
rendered efficient aid in the inauguration of the
church, and its firm foundation. The records

of 1835 Rive information of a movement toward
the erection of a church. The lot was donated
by "Father Mills," and was a magnificent dona-
tion. The record does not show, however, any
details of erecting this church, only that the at-
tempt of this little band of workers was made in
great faith — and with immense sacrifice. The
building was begun in 1836, and finished about
1839. -'-'• ^^^ ^ commodious and somewhat ele-
gant chvirch edifice, for that day, located on the
east side of North Sixth street, between Market
and North streets.

Removing there, the church, as a body, de-
termined to retain the name, "Market Street,"
as one too dear in association, and too closely
identified with early struggles, to be given up,
and it is known as "the Market Street Baptist
Church," to this day. At the dedication of this
home, Rev. George I. Miles — of the East — one
of a family of five brothers — all ministers — was
present, and the lot fell to this able minister to
lead in the pastorate of this young church, for a
number of years. He was a man of noble aspi-
rations, tender in sympathy, simple in manner,
and a fearless preacher of the Gospel. Such
was his magnetic influence that he inspired the
confidence of all who knew him. Men rallied
around him, and he loved the preaching of the
word — the hour of prayer — and the singing of
the songs of Zion — and the blessed enjoyment of
leading souls into the baptismal waters. The
writer of these outlines has often heard it stated
that George I. Miles was emphatically the in-
spiring spirit, and the successful founder of the
church.

There was scarcely a Sabbath during a good
part of his ministry, that he did not welcome
some one to the Lord's Supper, as a new con-
vert to the faith he so earnestly contended for.
His pastorate was, perhaps, one of the most suc-
cessful of any in that day, in southeastern Ohio.

The executive work of the church, on the other
hand, was noted for extreme slowness. Men
did not "rush things" then — they deliberated —
they sat together in council for hours, and gave
solemn and earnest thought, in debate, to matters
which would now be turned off or hurried
through in a few moments.

Rev. Mr. Miles was succeeded by the Rev.
Daniel Sheppardson, a graduate of Brown Uni-
versity— who came to the field accidentally — but
was a workman who had no need to be ashamed
— although his pastorate was brief. For several
months after his pastorate, the church was with-
out a pastor, yet maintained all its appointments,
supplying its pulpit with the best talent at com-
mand, and specially observing the business ses-
sions, and the ordinances in which the faith of a
Christian body is strengthened ; and just here was
seen the fact that much of the success of this
church was due, as it has been since, to the very
stable character of its lay members. They were
men, frequenriy of radical convictions, executive
ability and fine social standing.

One of the greatest problems with which
churches of a democratic form of government

174

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

have to contend, is the tendencj' of partj^ feeling
and prejudice to show itself in a dominating
manner, in business, matters ; and in this they
were no exception — differences arose, opinions
clashed, and party feelings became intense, and
even bitter ; but nevertheless. Christian integrity,
executive ability, brain culture, and heartfelt pi-
ety, were frequently found sufficient in the
Church to meet every demand.

Dr. Sheppardson has risen to the foremost
rank in the denomination. His work in the
Young Ladies' College, at Granville, Ohio, has
made him a name and a place of merited distinc-
tion ; he is an enthusiastic advocate of the high-
er education of women, a man of sterling integ-
rity, and a recognized force. The probable
cause of his removal from the pastorate of this
church, may be found in the fact of his leader-
ship being too radical and fast for the conserva-
tism so prominent in the churches of that day.
Dr. Sheppardson "believes in Almighty God,
and the Baptist Church."

One of the interesting events of the interval
following his pastorate, and one in which the
church may have just pride, was the coming out
into a new sphere of duty of Rev. Jefferson
Chambers, now a member of the church, and
an honored minister of the Gospel. A young
man of more than ordinary ability, he was in
the successful and honorable pursuit of business,
when it appeared to him a duty and a privilege
to devote his life to the work of the Gospel min-
istry. He converted his business into available
funds, stated his convictions of duty to the
church, and soon after left for Granville Col-
lege, to pursue a course of study. Mr. Cham-
bers was a young man of stei'ling integrity, good
judgment, and earnest piety — and has been one
of the best pastors Ohio Baptists have ever had.
He has enjoyed long pastorates, and uniformly
succeeded in building up and unifying every
work he has undertaken. He began his studies
in 1845, and has been an ornament to the work
of the Lord, and a brother greatly beloved in
the church. He is, to-day, once more a member
of the Market Street Baptist Church.

Some time in November, 1846, Rev. N. N.
Woods, of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was called to
the pastorate of the church. During his pastor-
ate, it does not appear that very many accessions
were made to the church. Mr. Woods was evi-
dently not an evangelist, but, rather, a man for
quiet, symmetrical work. He held the affairs of
the church, especially its business matters, with
a firm, conservative grasp, and to him, undoubt-
edly, was due much of the solidity and strength
evinced by the church during days of frequent
discipline and church trials. At this epoch, ap-
pear the names of men like Palmer, Cox, Dow-
ner, Bigelow, Rogers, Huey, Sheppard, Potts,
and Eastman, all of them laymen of very
marked and decided character.

Probably, the influence of such men often
saved the church from revolution and disintegra-
tion complete, as the strain of discipline, of fre-
quent exclusions, and heated discussions, was

enough in itself to test most thoroughly the ca-
pacity and strength of any body of men com-
bined under a democratic, or congregational,
form of government. It is worthy of note by
those who read modern church history in this
county, that circus-going, card-playing, neglect
of prayer meeting, and ill feeling or resentment
toward brethren, were some of the causes in
that day, of the most stringent and careful dis-
cipline. Pastor Wood's work was signalized bj-
some additions, numerous cases of discipline,
and, be it said to his credit, the securing of a
larger beneficence on the pai't of the church
towards the various Baptist missionary enter-
prises of the day.

In 1848, Rev. L. G. Leonard, D.D., one of
the ablest, and most earnest, men in the ranks
of the Baptist ministry, was called to the pastor-
ate of the church. Mr. Leonard was a man,
slow of speech, methodic, practical, but, withal,
a tender and true shepherd.

One of the first difficulties confronting Rev.
Leonard, was the debt upon the meeting-house,
certain needed repairs upon the same, and the
necessity of liquidating an obligation still re-
maining, toward a late pastor. Dr. Leonard
went forward, nothing doubting, and soon mas-
tered these difficulties. Similar to the work of
Rev. George Miles, was the work of Dr. Leon-
ard, in respect to gathering the people together,
and gaining the attention of men to the matter
of their spiritual welfare. The baptisms were
not in very large numbers at anv one time, but
occurred one by one, quietly, and here and
there, in the history- of his pastorate. His
work was solid, and conservative ; yet, he was
not averse to extra revival efforts. A notable
illustration of this fact occurred in the great
effort of Elder Jacob Knapp, in connection
with Dr. Leonard's pastorate. The revival did
not result in many conversions, but was signal-
ized by all the fierce discussion, the reform and
confusion caused by the preaching of such men
as "turn the world upside down." Jacob Knapp
found in the pastor, a co-laborer and friend,
rather than a critic. The mention of Dr. Leon-
ard, his quiet influence, his grand and pious
character, brings to mind a significant fact in
connection with the history of pastorates in this
church, namely : that almost all the pastors were
those whom the educational institutions of the
denomination had honored with degrees. They
were "Doctors of Divinity" not only, but were
every way worthy of that distinction, having
thorough and systematic training in the schools,
and having achieved a standing in the world of
letters. One of the invariable and oft-repeated
remarks heard among the membership to-day, is
this: "This church has always had good pas-
tors." Purity, growth, affectionate good will,
and spiritual-mindedness, were a part of the rich
heritage of this pastorate.

Following Elder Knapp's services, under the
pastorate of Dr. Leonard, there were upwards
of seventy-five accessions to the church, among

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

175

them many young persons, many of whom are
alive and remaining at this day.

A very notable event occurred soon after, in
the exclusion of large numbers from the church ;
and closely following this, the resignation of
their good ^.nd efficient pastor, who had served
for neai'ly seven years. Brother Leonard was
succeeded by Rev. J. T. Roberts. ' Dr. Roberts
is yet living, and serves the denomination in the
capacity of instructor in one of the "Colored
Schools " of the south. There is little to indi-
cate that his pastorate was marked by any great
degree of success. He is well spoken of, and the
records of the Church give no evidence of other
than pleasant relations between him and the
people. Extensive repairs were made upon the
church during his brief pastorate, extending
through a period of seventeen months.

On the^th of April, 1857, Rev. Alfred Pinney,
of the Erie Street Baptist Church, Cleveland,
Ohio, was called to the pastorate. The period
of his work was one of considerable growth and
development, notwithstanding the severe trials
of local conflicts and controversies of a political
nature, almost equal in bitterness to the red han-
ded contest which was soon to spread over the
country.

Rev. Pinney was successful, however, in main-
taining good congregations, in paying off debts,
and, by the blessing of God, in adding to the
church many who have proven noble and earnest
workers in the vineyard. Among these, was
William H. Stenger, a graduate of Dennison
University, of the class of 1869, and of Roches-
ter Theological Seminary, of the class of 1873.
He was a faithful pastor, a clear and logical ex-
pounder of God's word, and a brilliant Sunday
School worker. During his pastorate of nearly
three years, there appears for the first time upon
the minutes of the church a record of system-
atic and large hearted giving to the various de-
nominational benevolent societies. Undoubted-
ly, giving had been a part of previous church
enterprise, but under this pastorate it appears to
have been brought out into a new dignity, and
given a new character ; the benevolence of the
church has generally been increased from year
to year.

Dtiring Dr. Pinney's pastorate, a schism, which
finally went throughout almost all northern
churches and homes, arose, and the result waS a
final dissolution of the relationship.

The great "American Conflict," and the ex-
termination of slavery, which this man prophe-
sied, at length came.

In i860, April ist, what was then known as
the Sixth Street Baptist Church, formally, and
as a body, came into the Market Street Church.
It was a flne occasion, and considerably strength-
ened the old family, which had by this time been
bereft of many children.

The church, as now constituted, called to its
parochial office, the Rev. N. A. Reed, of Mid-
dletown. New York. Coming, as he did, at a
critical period in the history of all affairs, it was
a peculiar testing of Dr. Reed's ability, to pre-

side over a church so singularly identified with
the interests of the country, as was this one.
Many brave men from among its communicants
and congregation were found at the front of ser-
vice during the war. Notable among these, was
the almost entire male portion of the family of
Prof. H. D. Munson. Himself and three orfour
sons went into the fray, and there did faithful,
soldier-like service for God and country, as, at
home, this family has done for God and human-
ity. Quietly, but efficientlj^, its members have
served the Market street Baptist Church, in va-
rious important positions, for years,, and have,
indeed, borne "the labor and the heat of the
day." The ministry of Dr. Reed was one of
gallant service at home. He was pre-eminently
a "war pastor," or a kind of home chaplain. He
suffered the depletion of his church, the sacrifice
of the people for the cause, the loss of his own
son in the strife, held on in faith and prayer, at-
tended the' funerals of dead soldier boys who were
brought home, made war speeches, preached
patriotic sermons, and generally made for him-
self a place and name in Zanesville, which will
long be remembered. He was social, tender in
heart, loving as a pastor, and generally beloved.
For seven 3'ears, amid the depressions, disap-
pointments and struggles incident to the times,
he held on, and made his record as a true soldier
of the gospel. Some revivals were enjoyed, and,
notwithstanding the four j'ears of war, his pas-
torate was one of growth and efficiency. Such
men as Cox, Palmer, (Addison), Munson, Garry,
Rishtine, Conrade, Fisher, Shrigley, Clossman,
and others, were active then, and they, with
men like Charles Munson, F. J. Shultz, D. B.
Garry, Jr., T. F. Spangler, Esq., Thomas Coul-
ton, John Gurley, and Walter Bird, of a later
period, have made the pastorates of more men
than Dr. Reed, eminently successful in a busi-
ness point of view.

The Rev. Mr. Vary, an excellent preacher, a
man of personal piety and spiritual mindedness,
succeeded Pastor Reed. His was only a voice
in the wilderness, proclaiming the acceptable
year of the Lord for a little time, and then passing
away. It was a most trying and mj^sterious
providence which removed him so soon from a
place of influence, happiness, and great good. It
is not improbable that the stay of Mr. Vary with
the church gave rise to a higher and nobler type
of piety in the hearts of the membership. His
death soon followed, andthe tidings of that event
came with crushing effect upon the hearts of the
people who had enjoyed his teachings, his pray-
ers, and the sweet benediction of his influence.
Near the year 1870, after a protracted supply on
the part of Rev. Mr. Beach, a young man of ex-
cellent qnalifications, and one who was ordained
while acting as pastor, the Rev. R. S. James,
now President of Judsonia University, Arkansas,
was called to the pastorate. Brother James gave
evidence. at once of possessing more than aver-
age ability, and entered heartily upon his work.
At no period, perhaps, of forty years history,
was a larger number of young people gathered

176

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

into the church, than at this. Just here, or per-
haps with the beginning of Brother Vary's pas-
torate, the Sabbath School work began to be felt
in the church. The nursery began to yield, and
some of those who are among the most promis-
ing constituency of the church at present, were
brought in from the Sabbath School. Previous
to this, the baptisms which occurred seemed to be
the result of conquest in the open field. The
Sabbath School was more neglected in that el-
der day, but when effort was put forth, those old
warriors brought down "large game" From
1870, adult baptisms have been less frequent
than formerly, but the Sabbath School, under
the efficient care of Prof. H. D. Munson, has
been for ten or twelve years, the right arm of
the church. Indeed, it would be almost the ex-
termination of the church were its primary teach-
ing, its Bible classes, its giving and singing to
be given up. Prof. Munson's well-known abili-
ity as a chorus leader and director of music, have
given him a 'vantage ground in this department
possessed by very few Sabbath School leaders.
The market street Baptist Sabbath School has a
history second only to the church for all that is
praiseworthy, beneficent, and grand in Christian
enterprise.

Dr. James succeeded admirably in his chosen
calling, and, in fact, throughout his pastorate,
until the time of his turning aside to another pro-
fession.

His pastorate was a brief one, but signalized
by great good in many important respects. At
this point, however, the church had grown to a
standing and influence which enabled it to go
forward under almost any Christian leadership.
Such men as Caleb D. Cold well, then President
of the Board of Trustees, a man able to recast
and frame in the most simple, yet theological
dress Baptist articles of faith, with Thomas Dur-
ban, Esq., in the Executive Board, H. D. Mun-
son, Superintendent of Sunday School, and Bi-
ble class teachers like D. B. Garry, Esq., would
make any right minded pastorate a fair suc-
cess.

Rev. James was succeeded by Rev. R. An-
drew Griffin, of Weymouth, England, a student of
Spurgeon's in theology, and a graduate of Regent
Park College, London. His genius, youth and pe-
culiar methods of sermonizing, his freshness of
thought and originality of manner, prodiaod a
very general and decided impulse for activity and
growth. His labors were blest with a good de-
gree of success, and his pastorate for many
months had a tone of genialness that was wel-
comed by all. But association with liberalizing
ministers, the misguided research of a man not
properly trained in theology, and the morbidness
of an ambitious mind, defeated in some of its
cherished dreams, soon wrought a sad change.
The fresh and David-like English boy, who came
with the simple story of Christian faith and hope
upon his lips, changed to a morbid cynic, a phi-
losophizing misanthrope, a demoralized doubter.
In 1875, His pastorate (of nearly four. years) be-
gan to wane in power and efficiency, and seems

to have grown worse, until, in March, 1876,
when it ended in his own confessed despair, and
in almost wrecking the old church, so long a sur-
vivor of other, but no greater, perils. Mr. Grif-
fin's subtle and confessed attempt, for one whole
year, to indoctrinate the church with'heresy, was
at once a proof of the thorough work which had
been done before, and the intelligence, integrity
and faith of the membership. The attempt was
singularly abortive.

The next pastor. Rev. Henry A. Delano,
was born January 7th, 1848, converted in 1863,
graduated at Dennison University in 1869, ^^^
from Rochester Theological Seminary in the class
of 1872. He came to Zanesville in March, 1876,
and became pastor of Market Street Baptist
Church in May, following. His labors have
been crowned with great success, saving the
church from disintegrating by the influence of his
predecessor, and, by pleading the cause of the
Master with eloquence and zeal, the membership
has steadily increased. During his ministry, one
hundred and fifty-eight have been baptized and
received into the church, and eight have been
added by letter.

Rev. H. A. Delano's pastoral work was not
confined to the usual pulpit and ministerial du-
ties, but embraced the most pronounced aggres-
sion upon the domain of King Alcohol ; indeed,
he may be said to have "carried the war into
Africa," to save men from the evil of the social
glass. His labors, however satisfactory, were
brought to a close b}^ his resignation, to accept a
pastorate in Norwich, New York, and liis con-
nection with Market Street Baptist Church ceas-
ed, August 14th, 1881.

The Sevknth Street Methodist Episcopal
Church. — In September, A. D. 1840, the Ohio
Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church met in Zanesville, and considered the
state of the church. The congregation at the
Second Street Church had been too large to meet,
with comfort, in their house of worship, and the
clerical duties were such as to render an addi-
tional preacher necessary. Accordinglv, it Was
deemed expedient to divide the congregation,
and therefore have two preachers. Uriah Heath
and John W. Stone were appointed to the Zanes-
ville station. Whereupon, the President and Di-
rectors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufactur-
ing Company permitted the new church to use
the upper room in the Mclntire Academy as a
place of worship. The record of the members
who formed this church cannot now be. found,
but, according to the memory of F. A. Seborn,
Esq.. they numbered about one hundred.

In the spring of 1841, a lot on Seventh street,.
sixty-six feet front by one hundred and twenty-
eight feet deep, was purchased for one thousand
dollars, for which a deed was obtained from John
Lee and Margaret Lee, his wife, which was duly
recorded June 4th, A. D. 1841, in Book Z, pp.
477-8-9 ; and an addition to this lot, eighteen feet
front and the same depth, was purchased from
the same parties for four hundred dollars, Janu-
ary 6th, 1843 — the two purchases being the site-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

177

of the church known as the Seventh Street M.
E. Church. These deeds were executed to Dan-
iel Brush, Thomas Moorehead, Samuel J. Cox,
John Dillon, Levi Chapman, James Milles, James
Henderson, Samuel Howard and Horatio J. Cox,
as trustees, they being the trustees of the Second
street property. Having the lot, it wg,s decided
to build a church, and through the efforts of Rev.
Uriah Heath, the preacher in charge, a sufficient
sum was subscribed to justify the movement, and
a contract was made with Daniel Price to build
the basement story (of stone), which was done
in the fall of the same year. James Milles and
Daniel Brush were the building committee, and
the following spring a contract was made with
Daniel Price and John T. Thorpe for the brick
work. James Milles had charge of the carpen-
ter work, and the house was enclosed in the fall
of 1842. The trustees resolved to borrow money
to liquidate the debt, which amounted to one
thousand dollars. The money was advanced by
Daniel Brush, and the contracts made for finish-
ing the basement, which was completed in the
spring of 1843, and the opening service. Rev. J.
N. Moffitt officiating, was held the latter part of
June, of that year. Rev. Uriah Heath continued
in chai-ge two years, assisted during the second
year by Rev. Wester R. Davis. They were suc-
ceeded by Rev's. William Ellsworth and John F.
Conrey. Joseph A. Waterman succeeded John
F. Conrey, and served two years, and William
Young succeeded Ellsworth.

Hitherto, the church at Zanesville was under
the care of the same preachers, although wor-
shiping in separate places. The preachers held
forth alternately in each house. About this time,
it was deemed expedient to divide the stations,
and at the succeeding Annual Conference, in
September, 1845, John Miley was appointed to
the charge of the Seventh Street Station ; in this
month, the church was finished and dedicat-
ed ; Rev. A. M. Lorain, ot Putnam Station,
preached the sermon. In the fall of 1847, Rev.
D. Warnock was appointed. In the fall of 1849,
Rev. Granville Moody was appointed.

February 22d, 1850, at the house of T. Moore-
head, the Board of Trustees met ; present :
Thomas Moorehead, D. Brush, D. Young, James
Milles, S. Howard, S. J. Cox, Francis Cassiday,
Horatio J. Cox, and Rev's. Granville Moody and
Asbury Lowry. At this meeting, it was decided
that each of the two stations in the town of Zanes-
ville should have their separate and distinct
Board of Trustees, resident within their own
bounds, and it was therefore resolved that so far
as we, the above trustees, are concerned, or em-
powered, each of our meeting houses in Zanes-
ville may have its own Board of Trustees ; where-
upon, D. Brush, S. J. Cox, F. Cassiday, D.
Young and John Dillon (the saiid John Dillon by
verbal authority given to D. Brush), who all re-
sided within the bounds of Second street charge,
resigned their trusts as trustees of the Seventh
street meeting house, and the grounds belonging
thereto, of the M. E. Church, in the town oi
Zanesville, and Thomas Moorehead, Samvxel

Howard, James Milles, and H. J. Cox, all of
whom resided in the bounds of the Seventh street
charge, resigned their trusts as trustees of the
Second street meeting house, and the grounds
belonging thereto, and they also resigned their
trusteeship of the parsonage, or preacher's house,
on the north half of lot No. 7, square 11, in the
town of Zanesville. D. Brush,

Secretary.
At a meeting of the trustees of Seventh street
meeting house, February 22d, 1850, Brother
Granville Moody, preacher in charge, nominated
G. L. Shinnick, Henry Howalter, Benjamin F.
Wilson, James S. Cox, and J. Wilcox, to fill the
vacancies occasioned by the resignation of D.
Young, Daniel Brush, Francis Cassiday, Samuel
Cox, and John Dillon ; the above nominations
were confirmed by the Board of Trustees of the
Seventh Street Church, in the town of Zanes-
ville, Ohio. Thomas Moorehead,

Chairman.
The following persons have served as pastors,
succeeding the foregoing recital: Rev. J. M.
Trimble, in 1851 ; W. F. Stewart, in 1852 ; Pearl
P. Ingalls, in 1853 ; John W. Ross, 1855 ; Wm.
Porter, in 1856 ; James F. Given, in 1857 ; Sam-
uel C. Riker, in 1859; Uriah Heath in 1861.
Mr. Heath died and John E. Sowers was ap-
pointed to fill out his time, in 1862 ; Lovett Taft,
in the fall of this year ; Daniel Horlocker, in
1864 ; C. D. Battelle, in 1866 ; E. I. Jones, in
1869 J.W.Dillon, in 1872 ; J.F.Williams,in 1875 ?
E. H. Dixon, in 1876; James H. Gardner, in
1877 ; A. B. Lee, in 1879 ; J- S- Postle, in 1880.
The appointments beiiig made in the fall of the
year.

The following have served as Presiding Elder :
James B. Finley, in 1845 ; David Young, in
1846 ; J. M. Jameson, in 1847 ; Jacob Young,
in 1849 ; J- M. Trimble, in 1853 ; J. W. White,
in 1856^ TohnFrazer, in i860 ; Daniel D. Mather,
in 1864;"' Thomas H. Phillips, in 1866; Wm.
Porter, in 1868 ; Levi Cunningham, in 1872 ; W.
T. Harvey, in 1876 ; and James Hill, in 1880.

The membership is now about three hundred
and fifty.

The present pastor is Rev. J. S. Postle. The
present officers are :

Stewards.— J. T. Davis, D. Coltrap, H. P.
Slack, F. A. Seborn, John Huskins, WilHara
Morgan, Mary Gardner, Jenny Allen, Elizabeth
Lawson.

Recording Secretary — F. A. Seborn.
Treasurer — J. T. Davis.

Trustees — F. A. Seborn, Dr. J. S. Haldeman,
W. K. Watson, John McCasHn, John Winter,
L. F. Quigley, Thomas M. Nichols, B. F.
Spangler and J. Gardner.

The Sunday School was organized . soon after
the church was formed. The following is nearly
a complete list of those who have served as
Superintendent : Charles W. Chandler, Steven

Burwell, Brewster, Dr. J. S. Haldeman,

George W. Manypenny, F. A. Seborn, M. V.
Mitchell, Hezekiah Jordan, Rev. S. C. Riker,
Avery Waller, Rev. S. C. Riker, Rev. L. Taft,

178

HISTORY; OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

D. Horlocker, Edgar W. Allen, Rev. E. I.
Jones, Robert M. Brown, C. G. Anderson, and
B. F. Spaulding. The latter is- the present su-
perintendent and is assisted byLucianP. Slack.
The Treasurer is John B. Hunter ; the Secretary,
Harry S. Bryan ; the Librarian, Wm. Peairs ; the
Assistant Librarian, Harry Stenger.

The number of teachers is twenty-four. The
average attendance of pupils and teachers is one
hundred and seventy-five.

Saint Nicholas Catholic Church [Ger-
man.]— The members forming this church were
a part of the congregation of St. Thomas'
Church, where the services were held in the
English language, which, as soon as the Ger-
man element felt strong enough, induced them
to ask permission to organize a church in which
the services should be conducted in that lan-
guage. This was granted in 1841, and in the
fall of 1842, the young congregation erected a
new church, the handsome sandstone edifice,
45x60 feet, now occupied by them. The new
church was dedicatedby the Right Rev. Bishop,
John B. Purcell, of Cincinnati.

The following Priests have served as pastor :

Rev's. Joseph Gallinger, Otto Borgess,

Rensen, Desselars, M. Herzog, W. Deiters,

Kremer, T. W. Brummer, A. Berger,

T. F. Gotz, O. Ferger, G. UhHng, A. Hech-
inger, John Joseph Ronk, T. D. Nordmayer,
and now. Rev. Magnus Eppink. Father Eppink
is held in high esteem by his congregation, the
clergy and the Bishop of his Diocese.

In 1861, an addition of 36x45 feet was added
to the church, making a total length of 96 feet
and 45 feet in width.

The first Lay officers were as follows :

Trustees — Frank Rink, Jxihn Gerspach, John
Hoff, and William Koos.

The present Lay officers are as follows : .

Trustees — Joseph Keller, Theodore Korn,
and Paul Emmert.

The church is in the Diocese of Columbus.
The Right Rev. Sylvester H. Rosencrans, who
died at Columbus, Ohio, October 21st, 1878, was
the last Bishop. The Bishopric is now vacant.

Trinitv Evangelical Lutheran Church —
Located on the corner of Seventh and Harvey
streets, Zanesville. The following members
first signed the constitution, viz. :

John Riehl, Ferd. Timmel, Christian Nillen,
Jacob Kratzer, Theobald Stemmler, John Muller,
Louis Stoecker, Gottlieb Nodenger, JohnD. Bon-
net, Claus Jockers, Andrew Barth, Philipp
Schmidt, Jacob Fickeison, John Balzer, Jacob
Riehl, Jacob Harsch, Wm. Ruth, Daniel
Gilger, Friederick Bachmann, Phillip H.
Anschnitz, John Ungemach, John M. Bonnet,
Peter Riehl, Hartman Werner, David Hahn,
Christ F. Hahnlein, George Sommer, Jacob
Becker, Gottlieb Stecker, Fried'k Haas, John
Penthesins and Fried'k Erler.

The congregation was organized March 16,
1845. The first pastor was Rev. George Bartels,
who began to serve in 1844, and in 1849 was suc-

ceeded by Rev. ¥r. Zur Muehlen, who served

ten years, and was followed by Rev. Herman

Keuhn, who, in 1863, was succeeded by Rev.

Peter Eirich, whose pastorate continued .six

years, when the Rev. H. G. Craemer became'

the pastor, and his service extended into 1880,

when Rev. E. John was called, and served until

April i6th, 1881, when Prof. C. A. Frank, (of

Capitol University, Columbus, Ohio,) became

the pastor.

The present membership is two hundred and

ninety-seven, sixty of whom are voting members.
******

I certify that the foregoing is the most com-
plete record that the church has been able to
furnish. John M. Bonnet, Sr.

Second Presbyterian Church. — The Sec-
ond Presbyterian Church, of Zanesville, Ohio,
completed its organization October 9th, 1852.
It was formed by an act of the Presbytery of
Zanesville, September 7th, 1852, agreeably to
the petition of the following persons, members of
the Church of Zanesville :

Elder, L. P. Bailey ; Deacons, E. Burlingame,
R. P. Robinson and T. H. Patrick. Members —
A. McFadden, Mrs. Jane Price, Mrs. Rebecca
Griffith, Miss Mary Price, Mrs. Ann Griffith,
Miss Anna M. Griffith, Sarah Katharine Griffith,
D. B. Cochran, Mrs. Sarah Cochran, Samuel
Robinson, Mrs. C. A. Peters, Miss Lucinda
Bailey, Mrs. Sophia H. Adams, Mrs. Elizabeth
M. Bird, Miss Jane A. McFadden, Robert M.
Crow, Mrs. Jane Burlingame. Miss Susan P.
Burlingame, Richard Morris, Mrs. Margaret A.
Robinson, Peter Black, Robert Little and Mrs.
Agnes Little.

The following persons were added b}- certifi-
cate, previous to the first communion: Mrs.
Susan Stillwell, Mrs. Ellen Wheeler, Miss Eliz-
abeth Wheeler, Mrs. E. M. Hoge, Mrs. Abigail
W. Bailey, Mrs. Ann M. Carey, Mrs. D. Sulli-
van, Mrs. Jane Shaw, Mrs. Susan McGinnis,
Mrs. Mary Jane Porter, Miss Belinda McGinnis,
Mrs. Margaret Fillmore, John. Wilson, John S.
Black, John G. Spencer, George A. Retiberg,
Mrs. Nancy Hersh, Mrs. Margaret Eddie, Mrs.
Eliza P. Crow, Mrs. Elizabeth S. Bell, Mrs. Su-
san Granger, Miss Rebecca Tidball, and Mrs.
Margaret Mapes.

The Rev. M. A. Hoge, who was pastor of the
church at Zanesville at the time of this organi-
zation, was, by act of Presbytery, October 22d,
1852, set apart as pastor of the new church, hav-
ing severed his connection with the church of
Zanesville, with their consent. The two congre-
gations continued to worship together, however,
for some time, but earlv in 1853, the second
church rented Odd Fellows' Hall, and held ser-
vices there until Januarj', 1854, when the Luth-
eran Church, situated on the southeast corner of
South and Sixth streets, was leased for one year.
January ist, 1855, Odd Fellows' Hall was again
secured, and services were held there until the
edifice in which the congregation now w^orships
was completed, in August, 1855.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

179

The question of church erection, having agi-
tated the minds of the congregation, was finally
settled, at a meeting held the 2d of January,
1854, when Messrs. Peter Black, W. A.. Gra-
ham, R. P. Robinson, John A. Adams,. Adam
Peters, and A. McFadden, were appointed to
solicit funds and secure a lot,- for church pur-
poses. The committee reported, at a meeting
held March 2d, 1854, that they had been suc-
cessful, whereupon, the following persons were
appointed a committee, with power to transact
any business pertaining to the erection of a
house of worship : E. Burlingame. A. Peters,
John A. Adams, L. P. Bailey, John S. Black,
and W. A:. Graham. They performed their
work with alacrity, and well, and the building
was handediOver to the congi^egation, August
nth, 1855. The dedication to God was made
the following Sabbath. I'he Rev. F. T. Brown,
of Cleveland, Ohio, preached the sermon.

The chiu-ch is a neat, brick structure, situated
on the east side of Fifth street, between Main
and Market streets, and cost, including the ad-
dition and grounds, about fifteen thousand dol-
lars. Rev. M. A. Hoge, the first pastor, served
the congregation very faithfully and acceptably,
nearly ten years ; he resigned his charge in
April, 1862, to accept a call from Westminster
Church, Cleveland, Ohio, and was succeeded
by Rev. E. H. Leavitt, who accepted the call,
July 28th, 1862 ; he remained with the congre-
gation nearly three years, preaching most excel-
lent sermons, notwithstanding his ill health, on
account of which he severed his connection with
the church, in May, 1865. November 27th, of
the same year. Rev. William M. Baker was
called, and accepting, entered upon his labors
in June, 1866, and served the church more than
six years. He is remembered as an earnest and
efficient Christian worker. He resigned, and
removed to Newburyport, Massachusetts. On
the 19th of August, 1872, Rev. A. D. Hawn
was called, and accepting, commenced his pas-
toral work on the nth of October, 1872. He
labored diligently, and with good results, for
more than six years. At his request, the pastor-
al relation was dissolved, December 24th, 1878,
that he might accept a call from Delaware, Ohio.
April 23d, 1879, Rev. Theodore Crowl, the
present pastor, was called. He entered upon
his church work the fii'st Sunday of the following
month, and was regularly installed July 8th, 1879.

One of the charter members, Mr. L. P. Bai-
ley, was an ordained Elder when the separation
from the old church took place, and was the only
ordained officer of the church — with the pastor
— until the 19th of October, 1853, when T. H.
Patrick and E. Burlingame came into the new
organization, as Deacons, and were ordained as
Elders. Mr. Burlingame was dismissed, to an-
•other church, in June, 1870. On the 7th of Jan-
uary, i860, Mr. John R. Price was ordained^
•and continued in the Session until February,
1873, when he ceased to act. Messrs. Joseph
Black and Alexander Grant were ordained El-
•ders on the 23d of February, 1868. Mr. Black

ceased to act in February, 1873, and was dis-
missed to Detroit, Michigan, in 1876. Messrs.
Samuel Elliott and J. A. Lippincott became
members of the Session, October 29th, 1871. In
1874, Mr. Lippincott was dismissed to Newport,
Kentucky. On the 5th of June, 1875, Mr. J. K.
Caldwell, an Elder, formerly in the church of
Washington, Ohio, was installed as an Elder in
this church. On the 29th of August, 1875, Dr.
W. J. Chandler was ordained an Elder, and be-
came a member of the Session.

About this time, the church adopted what is
known as "the rotary system" — -as applying to
Elders — excepting the venerable gentlemen, T.
H. Patrick and L. P. Bailey, who, on account
of long and valuable service to the church, were
declared members of the Session for life.

October 2d, 1879, Mr. Alexander Grant's term
having expired, he ceased to act, and, on the
same day, Messrs. George Fox and J. B. Tan-
nehill were elected, and, shortly after, ordained
Elders.

A careful examination of the church records,
discloses the fact that, during all the years that
have elapsed since the organization of the
church, no evidence of any division in meetings
of the S ession appear ; it has been wonderfully
harmonious. And this harmony is manifest in
the regard shown for each other by the members
of the congregation, and for the Christian inter-
est manifested to strangers coming within the
circle of their influence. The church has a
good pipe organ, and choir, under the accom-
plished organist. Miss S. E. Rollb, who has in-
spired the congregation with a praiseworthy am-
bition to excel in music.

The Sabbath School was organized soon af-
ter the church was formed. The first Superin-
tendent was Mr. John A. Black — this was when
meetijigs were first held in Odd Fellows' Hall.
In 1874, an addition was made to the church,
providing excellent rooms for the school. Mr.
A. Sampson succeeded Mr. Black. Mr. Mont-
gomery Lewis', Samuel Baird, Dr. W. M. Her-
riott, Alexander Grant, Colonel M. Churchill, J.
A. Lippincott, Dr. W. J. Chandler, and Mr. E.
S. Keene, succeeded, in the office of Superin-
tendent, rendering efficient service. The latter
gentleman now fills the office, much to the grat-
ification of the school ahd congregation. The
school has an enrollment of one hundred and
eighty-seven scholars, and eighteen teachers,
a good library, and the most approved helps for
teacher and pupil. The most zealous persist-
ence characterizes the officers and teachers, in
sowing the seed of Christian doctrine.

The Infant Department meets in a room
set apart for it, is conducted by Mrs. Dr. S. T.
Edgar and Miss Lizzie Griffith. The venerable
Elder, T. H. Patrick, presided over this depart-
ment for about twenty years, and it was a com-
mon regret that this " tender shepherd " had to
yield to the infirmities of age ; ' ' the lambs of
the flock" knew and loved his voice. They,
and "the children of larger growth," the rich
fruitage of seed well sown on good ground, as

i8o

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

well as the school at large, hold him in grateful
remembrance. It requires no stretch of the im-
agination to hear him repeat the exhortation in
that beautiful hymn :

" To the work I to the work ! we are servants of God,
Let us follow the path that our Master has trod ;
With the balm of his counsel our strength to renew,
Let us do with our might what our hands find to do.
Toiling on, let us hope, let us watch and labor
Till the Master comes."

The Officers of the Sabbath School. —
E. S. Keene, Superintendent; H. T. Canfield,
Assistant Superintendent ; W. C. McBride, Sec-
retary and Treasurer; Charles B. H^all, Libra-
rian.

The Officers of the Church. — Elders :
T. H. Patrick, Dr. W. J. Chandler, Samuel
Elliott, J. K. Caldwell, L.' P. Bailey, J. B.
Tannehill and George R. Fox. Deacons : Dr.
H. Culbertson,W. S. Harlan, Robert Thompson,
Fenton Bagley, George H. Stewart, and E. S.
Keene. Trustees : Colonel M. Churchill, Major
W. S. Harlan, Captain Thomas S. Black, F.
Wedge, John C. Harris, and H. T. Canfield.

Woman's Foreign Mission Society (Aux-
iliary to the Parent Board at Philadel-
phia.)^— The object of this association is the
support of Mrs. Maiy Crosselle, a Missionary of
North China. December 4th, 1872, the ladies
of the Putnam Presbyterian, and, the First and
Second Presbyterian Churches, met and organ-
ized for the purpose stated, each church being
pledged to contribute one third of the salary,
which was four hundred dollars per annum. In
January, 1875, the Second Church withdrew
from the society, the Putnam and First Church
continuing.

Zion Baptist Church [Colored] — This
church was organized and incorporated accor-
ding to the laws of Ohio, February 4th, 1859,
with the following officers : Trustees — Anthony
Anderson, Lewis Kellis, and William Reynolds.
Clerk: J. McC. Simpson. Deacons — ^JohnHall,
Lewis Kellis, and Anthony Anderson.

The first regular business meeting was held
in Nevitt's Hall, March 5th, 1859, when twen-
ty-seven members were reported in good and
regular standing. In June, 1859, the Trustees
purchased a one story frame building, (near Blan-
dy's Foundry,) the property of the True Wes-
leyan Church, for the sum of three hundred
dollars.

The Rev. S. P. Lewis, was pastor. The con-
gregation held its first meeting in their newly ac-
quired home, the 2d of July, 1859. In January,
1863, the congregation vacated this church and
moved into a room in Nevitt's building.
August 20th, 1866, they purchased a lot on
Eighth street, between Main and South streets,
for the sum of eight hundred dollars, and erec-
ted thereon a neat one story frame building.
The first meeting held in their new home, was
held November 3d, 1866. In a few years, this
building was found to be too small, and the

question of enlarging, or building a new house,
was considered, and the latter course finally
adopted. The new church, was dedicated and
occupied May 5th, 1872. The dedication ser-
mon was preached by Rev. E. W. Dannels, of
the First Baptist Church, of Zanesville. The
new church was ' a one story frame building,
twenty-six by forty feet, erected at a cost of near
$1,500. The Rev. J. M. Meek succeeded Mr.
Lewis as pastor, and served about three years ;
he was succeeded by Rev. J. McC. Simpson,
who served about four years, and was succeed-
ed by Rev. Robert Robinson, who served two
years, and was succeeded by Rev. John Powell,
who served one year, and was succeeded by
Rev. William A. Meredith, the present pastor,
formerly of Granville University. He is highly
spoken of as a pastor and preacher.

The number of members in good and regular
standing is fifty six.

The present officei"s are : Deacons : William
Harris, Louis Kellis, Andrew Henderson and
John Hall. Trustees : Gilbert Turner, Lewis
Kellis and Samuel Thornton.

The Sabbath School was organized soon after
the church, but no record of its first work is ac-
cessible. The present officers are: Andrew
Henderson, Superintendent ; Miss Eliza Cols-
ton, Secretary ; Mrs. C. Pointer, Treasurer.

The number of teachers is five, and num-
ber of pupils forty.

Putnam Presbyterian Church. — The his-
torical resume of the Putnam Presbyterian
Church, of Zanesville, Ohio, delivered at its for-
ty-second anniversary, January 7th and 21,
1877, by the pastor, Rev. Addison Kingsbury,
D.D., bears evidence of painstaking, and was,
doubtless, a "labor of love." In it we see the
struggles of "the early Christians," and how
they triumphed. It was doubtless to show these
things for the encouragement of the brethren that
Dr. Kingsbury grouped the data embraced in
his sketch — as we shall see that the church of
which he was pastor was of more recent organ-
ization than "the United Church of Zanesville
and Springfield." The pastor of the "mother
church," out of which was formed the church at
Newton, and the Presbyterian Church, of Put-
nam, Dr. Culbertson, had a great desire to have
a Metropolitan Church, and, when these churches
were formed, he said to the Presbytery : "When
the Newton church was formed, you took awa}'
my riglit arm, (and, on the formation of the Put-
nam Church) now you propose to divide m}-
body." He consented, however, in the spirit of
a true Christian.

It is well to remember that the formation of
churches is usually dependent upon the demand
for convenience or social relations. These con-
siderations led to the formation of a new church,
as will appear in the following :

."So fully had the question of church organiza-
tion on this side of the river been discussed, and
so strongly was such a church desired, that a
meeting of tlie citizens favorable to the object

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

i8i.

was convened- at the Brick School House, on
Fourth street, now Woodlawn avenue, March
6, 1833, when the following persons were pres-
ent, viz. : Edwin Putnam, Levi Whipple, Dr. In-
crease Mathews, Mathew Gillespie, Horace Nye,
C. P. Buckingham, Alvah Buckingham, J. C.
Guthrie, M. B. Gushing, Dr. Robert Saffoi'd, J.
C. Brown, Hezekiah Sturges, William Silvey,
J. P. Burlingame, William Tharp, S. H. Guth-
rie and A. A. Guthrie."

Dr. Mathews was called to the chair, and A.
A. Guthrie appointed Secretary. Mr-- Whipple
implored the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

Alter a full discussion, it was resolved, that
while deprecating any measure tending to injure
the cause of religion, in the prosperity of which
a deep interest was expressed, yet, in view of ex-
isting circumstances, it was declared to be the
unanimous opinion of the meeting that the erec-
tion of a house of worship, not only would not
injuriously affect any branch of the church, but,
with the blessing of God, would greatly advance
the cause of Christ in the place.

A committee was accordingly appointed, con-
sisting of J. C. Guthrie, Levi Whipple, and A.
A. Guthrie, to ascertain whether funds sufficient
to erect such a building could be obtained.

This committee was also instructed to adopt a
plan of a house, and estimate the cost of differ-
ent sites that might be offered, and report at a
subsequent meeting.

It was also stipulated that the contemplated
church should be under the control of the pi'o-
posed Presbyterian Church, of Putnam, that its
seats should be free, and, with the consent of the
Trustees, be open to all denominations of ortho-
dox Christians.

Another similar meeting was called March i6th,
when the committee, previously appointed, sub-
mitted a plan, proposing that the house be seventy
feet long, by fifty feet wide, of one story above the
basement, of not less than eighteen, nor more than
twenty feet high, with a vestibule ten feet broad,
and a gallery above for singers, and over this a cu-
pola for a town clock, provided the subscriptions
be sufficient : the audience room to be of brick, and
the basement of stone, and in such style as the
■committee might determine.

A Buildihg Committee was then appointed, con-
sisting of Alvah Buckingham, J. C. Guthrie and
Levi Whipple, and the present site selected, on
land generously donated by Mr. Whipple, and
the committee were instructed so soon as a suffi-
cient sum should be subscribed, to collect material
and complete the house at the earliest period
practicable.

A subscription paper was immediately prepar-
ed, and subscriptions, amounting to $5,190 ob-
tained, mostly in cash, but some in labor and in
trade. Of sixty-four names, three subscribed
.$600 each ; one $450, one $309, two $275, three
$255,two $110, one$io5, and two $100; therest
was in smaller sums, descending as low as three
dollars. Mr. Alvah Buckingham was appointed
to superintend the building. In December,
1 834, with the concurrence of the pastor, a peti-

tion was presented to the Presbytery of Lancas-
tor, then sitting in Zanesville, asking that body
to set off the members of the church residing in
Putnam and vicinity, disposed to unite in the en-
terprise, and organize them into a distinct church.

The Presbytery granted the request, and Ap-
pointed William Culbertson to perform this duty.
It was rather an ungracious service to require of
a man, as he said, "to sever his own body."

The church was formed on what the Presby-
tery of Philadelphia had denounced as an erron-
eous and dangerous principle — the principle of
"elective affinitj^" The organization was ef-
fected on the first day of January, 1835. On that
day, the individuals specially interested, met in.
the Methodist Church, which had been gener-
ously granted for that purpose, and after a ser-
mon and prayer by Mr. Culbertson, thirty-six
persons, eight males and twenty-eight females,
members of the United Church of Zanesville and
Springfield, signified their desire to unite in a
new organization, and were accordingly dismiss-
ed, and constituted the Presbyterian Church of
Putnam.

Their names, as recorded in the sessional rec-
ords, were as follows : Levi Whipple, Eliza
Whipple, Eliza Tucker, Lucy R. Whipple, Sarah
Sturges, S. A. Guthrie, George N. Guthrie,
EHza Silvey, Margaret Silvey, Horace Nye, Lu-
cinda Nye, A. A. Guthrie, Amelia Guthrie, Lucy
Sturges, Pamelia Guthrie, Edwin Putnam, Pa-
tience Leavens, Catharine Leavens, Mary
Leavens, Maria A. Sturges, Peleg Ma-
son, Olive Mason, Eliza Stannas, Ann
Buckingham, Mary Russell, Betsey Mathews,
Sarah Mathews, Susan Mathews, Mary
Mathews, Mary Stickney, Eunice Buckingham,
Sarah E. Saffbrd, A. G. Allen, Nancy Stickney,
Ann D. Brown, Margaret Weaver.

The church, says Dr. Kingsbury, began in
1833, had now been completed, and about the
middle of February, 1835, the exact date I have
not been able to find, it was dedicated to God,
with appropriate services, by the Rev. William
H. Beecher, a member of the Presbytery of Cin-
cinnati, who commenced preaching here, soon
after the organization of the church. The fol-
lowing hymn, written by. himself, was sung on
the occasion :

Thy presence fills the heavens, Oh Lord,
By countless hosts art thou adored,

Cherubic armies round Thee move,
And bow in ecstacies of love.

Should thy full glory on us rise,
Our life would faint in sweet surprise ;

Nature Thine awful brightness veils,
And sweetly milder beauty tells.

' Yet, with compassion like a God,
Thou leavest Thy sublime abode,
The lowly-hearted to approve,
And visit with a Father's love.

To Thee, this Temple, Lord, we raise,
Long may it echo with Thy praise,

Whom highest heaven cannot contain,
Will still in Zion, ever reign.

1-82

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Thy priests, may righteousness adorn,
Angels rejoice o'er souls new-born ;

Pour from Thy throne the living flood.
And let us feast on angels' food.

And now, arise, O Lord, our God,

Thou Father, Spirit, Holy Word,
Enter, with all Thy glorious train,

And with us evermore remain.

After the organization, January ist, 1835, the
congregation proceeded to ballot for three Elders,
when Levi Whipple, Edwin Putnam, and A.
Austin Guthrie were chosen, and, on the 21st of
February, 1835, the Rev. William H. Beecher
proceeded to install Messrs. Whipple and Put-
nam, they having been ruling Elders in the church
of Zanesville and Springfield, and to ordain Mr.
Guthrie, by prayer and the imposition of hands,
giving, at the close, an appropriate address, both
to the Elders and the congregation,. At a subse-
quent meeting of the Elders, March 20th, Mr.
Guthrie was chosen Stated Clerk of Session,
which office he held to the close of his life. The
last record in his handwriting is dated September
2d, 1873.

March 7th, 1835, the First Presbyterian Church
and Congregation of Putnam was duly incorpo-
rated by. an act of the Legislature, Alvah Buck-
ingham, Solomon Sturges, Increase Mathews,
Harry SaflTord, William Silvey, Julius C. Guth-
rie, Albert A. Guthrie, Hoi-ace Nye, Matthew
Gillespie, Levi Whipple, Edwin Putnam, Samuel
C. Haver, James Thompson, Robert SaflFord,
Samuel Glass, Cyrus Merriam, and Albert G.
Allen being the incorporators.

On March nth,, of this year, a congre_gational
meeting was held, of which Mr. Culbertson was
Moderator, for the purpose of choosing a pastor,
and resulted in extending a call to Mr. Beecher,
by a vote of one hundred and forty-eight to two,
promising him a salary of not less than five hun-
dred dollars, the minority stating that they were
entirely willing to; concur with the majority in
their selection. The call, which was in the usual
form, was signed by the Elders and trustees, in
behalf of the congregation. The trustees were :
Dr. Increase Mathews, J. C. Guthrie, and Solo-
mon Sturges. This call was presented to the
Presbytery, September 30th, 1835, ^^^ having
been accepted by Mr. Beecher, a committee,
consisting of Rev. James Culbertson, and .Rev.
Jacob Little, was appointed to install him. The
installation services took place November 25th,
following. Mr. Beecher continued to labor with
this people till January i8th, 1839, when the pas-
toral relation was dissolved. His pastorate was,
in many respects, a successful one.

January ist, 1840, the Rev. Addison Kings-
bury, D.D., was installed over this church by the
Presbytery of Lancaster. The Rev. Jacob Lit-
tle, D.D., of Granville, Ohio, preached the ser-
mon, from Jeremiah iii : 15: "And I will give
you pastors, according to my heart, who shall
feed you with knowledge and understanding."
The Rev. Francis Bartlett, of Bethel, presided,
and gave the charge to the pastor, and the Rev.

Samuel W. Rose, of Burlingame, gave the charge
to the people. They have all finished their
course, and, having kept the_ faith, have entered
upon their reward.

■ June 27th, 1854, Samuel Haver and Ebenezer
Buckingham (son of Hon. Ebenezer Bucking-
ham), were elected Ruling Elders.

At a meeting of the congregation, held Decem-
ber 15th, 1857, after the election of a new Board
of Trustees, it was resolved, "that the trustees
be instructed to adopt a more efficient mode of
increasing the funds necessary for the support of
the church, by renting such a number of pews as
they may deem expedient."

The salary of the pastor, which, in 1844, had
been reduced to six hundred dollars a year, on
account of alleged inability to raise more, was re-
stored to eight hundred dollars, the amount stip-
ulated in the original call.

At a meeting, held November 15th, 1858, two
Ruling Elders — Samuel Haver and Ebenezer
Buckingham — having declined to serve any lon-
ger, and a third-^— Mr. Gillespie — having moved
to the country, it was determined that others
should be added to the Session, and accordingly,
George P. Guthrie, Frederick Tracey, and Hud-
son C. Ward, were elected. These brethren,
having signified their acceptance, were ordained
and installed on Wednesday evening, December
29th, 1858, at which time the pastor delivered
an eloquent and solemn charge to the Elders and
congregation, on their respective duties.

In 1866, the church was thoroughly repaired,
the gallery removed, a new tower erected, and
thte building slate-roofed, at a total cost of be-
tween seven and eight thousand dollars.

The bell was a gift, by Frank Sturges, of Chi-
cago, whose childhood was spent here. The bell
that summons to worship rings a melodious peal :

"Let us kneel ;
Grod's own voice is in the peal,

And this spot is holy ground.
Lord forgive us 1 What are we.
That our eyes this glory see,

That our ears have heard this sound !"

One more consecrated one : December r9th,
1866, Mr. H. G. O. Cary was elected Ruling El-
der, vice, Frederick Tracy, who had removed
from the city. Mr. Cary was set apart with the
usual solemn ceremonies.

At the annual meeting of the congregation, for
the election of trustees and other purposes, held
in April, 1868, it was resolved, " that the pastor's
salary be raised to at least one thousand dol-
lars."

In the spring of 1871, Mrs. Elizabeth Harden-
baugh presented to the church the beautiful bap-
tismal font, which stands in front of the platform,
at the right of the pulpit.

Mr. A. A. Guthrie, the last of the original El-
ders of this church, died February 13th, 1874,
and, it being deemed expedient to fill his place,
on the 23d of September, following, a meeting
was called, and Thomas E. Richards was elected

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

183

to fill the vacancy, and having signified his ac-
ceptance, was, oil the 27th of that month, or-
dained and installed.

Sabbath-School.— As early as 1818, a Sab-
bath-School was started in this village, by Mr.
Henry SafFord, assisted by Mrs. Eliza Whipple,
George Warner, and others. The school was
held in the Stone Academy. In 1820, it was re-
moved to Zanesville. In 1828, the school divided
and formed a Union School with the Methodist
brethren, who subsequentl}- withdrew, and in
1835 ^^^ school connected with this church be-
gan to be taught in the basement of this building,
and numbered sixty-five scholars. The average
attendance, from that time to 1858, was 148, and
in 1859, ^t reached 192.

Mr. A. A. Guthrie was the first Superintend-
ent. He filled that position more than forty
years, Messrs. Calhoun, S. Sturges and Guthrie
relieving him during two years. In i860, the
present Sabbath School hall was built. The
building cost about $2,000, of which sum Mrs.
Lucy Sturges contributed $1,000. It was dedi-
cated December 9th, i860, when the pastor
preached an able sermon on "Christian Culture."
The school has been a priceless blessing to the
children and youth of this community, and an
efficient auxiliary to the church. The average
attendance during the seventeen years next pre-
ceding January i8th, 1877, was 236. The high-
est number during any one year, was 300. Not
less than 3,500 pupils have enjoyed its advant-
ages. To many it has been " the gate to heav-
en." Several have become ministers of the Gos-
pel ; one, at least, a foreign missionary. On the
death of Mr, Guthrie, Mr. Alfred Barron was
chosen Superintendent, and he was subsequ-ent-
ly succeeded by Rev. George F. Moore, who
now fills that office.

There are twenty-four teachers and two hun-
dred pupils in the school.

At a congregational meeting, held March
15th, 1878, Dr. Addison Kingsbury resigned his
chai-ge, and asked the congregation to unite
with him in requesting the Presbytery to dissolve
the pastoral relation. At the same meeting, a
call was made for the pastoral services of Rev.
George F.. Moore, of Bloomingburg, Fayette
county, Ohio, who, having accepted it, was in-
stalled on the 14th of May, following.

The members of the church number one hun-
dred and seventy-eight. The officers are as
' follows :

Elders-G. N. Guthrie, H. C. Ward, H. G.
O. Cary, and Thomas E. Richards.

Trustees — C. W. Potwin, Thomas E. Rich-
ards, and W. N. McCoy.

The benevolent work has been as follows, as
reported by Dr. Kingsbury — who says, "only
since 1849 can the exact amount be determined,
though a proximate estimate can be given for
the whole period." * * * The following
. figures are below, rather than above the amount

contributed by the congregation since organi-
zation, viz. :

For Home Missions $10,389 00

For Foreign Missions 9,577 00

For Education 2,831 00

For Publication 1,497 00

For Church Erection.'. 2,622 00

For Ministerial Belief 644 00

For Freedmen 192 00

For Contingent Fund of the General Assembly 286 86

For Miscellaneous 6,337 00

Total for Benevolent Purposes $34,375 36

Current Expenses of the Congregation 42,000 00

Original cost of the Church $-6,000 00 >,„„„„ „„

Charges and repairs on Church 10,000 00$ ^"''""" ""

Grand Total $92,375 36

The Parsonage. — The foundation of this
house was laid in the autumn of 1848. The next
summer, the walls were put up and enclosed.
The brick were laid by Benjamin Tuttle and
John Randall, and the woodwork was done by
Joseph Collins and John Metcalf. The Buck-
ingham Manse, as it was called, cost about
$3,700, of which $1,500 was bequeathed for the
purpose by Mrs. Eunice Buckingham, on condi-
tion that the congregation raised in cash, $1,500.
moi'e, which they did. Mr. Alvah Buckingham
superintended its construction and paid the ad-
ditional expense, above the estimated cost. The
erection of this building, besides supplying a
want of the church, transformed a spot, previously
a skating pond fn winter, and an unsightly waste
in summer, into beautiful grounds, with a com-
modious residence for the pastors of the church,
for which the donors will ever be "held in grate-
ful remembrance."

Third Baptist Church, [Colored.] — This
church was organized in the old brick school
house, on Moxahala avenue, Putnam, August
29th, 1863, by Rev. Isaac Jones, who was also
the first pastor, and served the church very ac-
ceptably for ten years. He was succeeded by
the Rev. Adam Green, who served during 1874
and 1876. Rev. Isaac Jones was again called
to the pastorate in 1878, and served two years,
when he was succeeded by C. M. J. Clarke^
the present pastor.

The first Deacons were : — John Cook, B. Ter-
rill and George Rutes.

The Sabbath School was organized in 1874,
with Rev. A. Green as Superijitendent. The
school has twenty-five pupils and three teachers,,
the pastor superintending.

The building occupied by this congregation
was erected in the early part of 1870. It is a
one story frame structure, twenty-four by forty
feet, situate on Moxahala avenue, between Har-
rison and Pierce streets, and cost, with the lot.
about $2,500.

The present officers ai"e : — Deacons — John
Cook and Henry Ennis. Clerk — F. Palmer.

This church organization is subject to the
Eastern Ohio "Anti-Slavery Baptist Associa-

184

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Streich.
Ghristian

Fred Greul

tion ;" Elder James Poindexter, of Columbus,
Ohio, Moderator; J. M. Meek, of Ripley, Ohio,
Secretary.

United Brethren In Christ.— This church

, was organized at the house of Mr. Frederick

. Greul, on Eighth street, April 8th, 1865, by the

I Rev. Casper Streich, of Pomeroy, Ohio, who

( was sent here by the German Conference of U.

B. The following persons constituted the

church organized : Fred Gi'eul, Barbara Gi^eul,

Christopher Bischoff, Henry Veit Bauer, Gei*-

tie Bauer, Julius Bauer, Christian Bischoff,

Susan Bischoff and Kate Streich.

The first pastor was Rev. Casper
The first officers were : Class Leader—
Bischoff.

Steward — Christopher Bischoff.

Secretary — Christian Bischoff.

Trustees — Christopher Bi*schoff,
and Henry Veit Bauer.

During the first year, the congregation wor-
shiped from house to house. Their church, a
substantial brick building, sixty by twenty-eight
feet, was built during 1866, and is located on lot
eleven, square eighteen, west side of Seventh,
between Main and Market streets, and, with the
lot, cost $4,000.

The congregation has been served by the fol-
lowing ministers : Rev. Casper Streich, three
years ; Rev. Wm. Orth, three years ; Rev. Jacob
Scholler, two years ; Rev. C.'Stu^mpf, one year ;

Rev. Busetiecker, one 3'ear ; Rev. George

Schmidt, three years ; and now, by Rev. Edward
Lorenz, who is serving his second year.

The present officers are : Class Leaders :
Christopher Bischoff and John Heins.

Stewards — ^Jacob Stemm, Chris Deitz, and
Chris Findeiss.

Trustees — Fred Greul, Christopher Bischoff
and Henry Haas.

Secretary — Chris Deitz.

Treasurer — Christopher Wietzel.

The congregation embraces eighty-five mem-
bers.

The Sabbath School — was organized about
the same time, and has ever been an encourag-
ing arm of the church. The number of pupils
now in attendance is sixty, the number of teachers
eleven. The Superintendent is Mr. Theodore
Fye. The school has a good library, the nucleus
of which was made at the time of organization.
The present Librarian is Christian Findeiss.
The church has no debts, and is prosperous. In
matters of religion, they are subject to the ruling
of the Ohio U. B. Association.

The South Street Methodist Episcopal
Church. — The inception of this church, was a
mission, organized in 1865, under the direction
of Rev. J. H. Gardner. By the munificence of
Rev. David Young, a member of the Ohio An-
nual Conference, the congregation gathered in
the new field of labor were enabled to purchase
a lot on the northeast corner of Seventh and
South streets — extending to the alley between
Seventh and South, with a frontage on Seventh

of about one hundred feet — and to build a neat,
one-story church, which they located on the
eastern part of the lot, cornering on the alley.
The church was built, and finished, during 18^9.
By his will, Mr. Young authorized the Trustees
of the Second Street Methodist Episcopal
Church, whom he made. Trustees of "the Young
Fund," "to purchase a lot, and build a house of
worship thereon, within the city of Zanesville,
for the use and occupancy of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, in the United States of Amer-
ica, by the ministers and members of said
church, according to the discipline and regula-
tions thereof; with free seats therein, forever."
And that "the house of worship, when erected,
shall be free from debt."

In 1866, Rev. R. B. Bennet was pastor in
charge, and, at the end of one year, was suc-
ceeded by Rev. A. H. Windsor, who served two
years, and was succeeded by Rev. James Mitch-
ell— during whose ministry the church was erect-
ed. The lot and church cost about $9,000.
Rev. E. H. Hagler was the first pastor to occupy
the chapel, and thenceforward the Sunday
School was held there. In 1870, Rev. Levi
Hall was pastor in charge — and about this time
the congregation began to increase. The next
pastor was Rev. William Porter, who entered
upon his labors in 1872, and served three.vears.
He was followed by Rev. J. E. Sowers, who
served two years.

In 1878, Rev. C. D. Battelle was sent to this
charge, and sei^ved three jears, and finding the
infirmities of age upon him, asked for the super-
annuated relation, which was granted, amid ex-
pressions of tenderest regard. During the first
year of Mr. Battelle's ministry with South
Church, Rev. William Porter died (May 27th>
1879) ; he was greatly beloved by the church and
clergy, and about twenty of the ministrj- attend-
ed his funeral — May 29, 1879.

The Trustees of South Street M. E. Church,
in 1881 , were H. Corbin, J. Mercer, W. Sealover,
D. Zimmer, R. Adams, I. Ballenger, G. Mc-
Carty, and D. Brookover.

The Stewards for the same year were M.
Richmond, E. G. Miller, D. Tharp, J. WiUiams,,
A. Sealover, and L. Flowers.

The present pastor is Rev. M. W. Acton.

The membership numbers one hundred and
sixty.

In May, 1880, John R. Bowls, one of the most
useful members, was removed by death. In that
sad hour, he exhibited the triumphs of the faith
he had Hved. December 10. 1878, J. T. Vest, a
worthy member and useful oflScer, passed away.
And the church also mourns the loss of James
McBride, Martha Mercer, William Love, and
George Best.

The Sunday School was organized in 1865,
and has always been the nucleus of the chilrch,
in its mission work.

The Superintendent, David Brookover, is as-
sisted by George McCarty. Secretary Sarchett
is an efficient officer. Dr. A. Jordan, the Treas-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

185

urer, is a fixture. The Librarians are Olatha
Cross and Lizzie Grooms.

Hebrew Congregation [K'neseth Istiael.]
— At a meeting held in Nevitt's Hall, September
20th, 1868, the following preamble was adopted,
and the agreement signed :

"Whereas, It becomes us, as Israelites, to
form a more compact organization as a religious
body ;

"We, the undersigned, agree to become active,
contributing members of a Hebrew congrega-
tion, to be organized in the city of Zanesville.

We further agree to pay an initiation fee, of
three dollars, and dues at the rate of six dollars
per annum ; we further agree that as soon as a
suitable place of worship is provided, we will as-
semble for Divine worship, at least one Sabbath
in each month.

[There were some other minor stipulations
made at the time].

[Signed.] "Wolf Dryfus, Michael Steinfeld,
Marx Cahen, J. L. Dryfus, R. Shoenfeld, Meyer
Shoenfeld, Jacob Shoenfeld, Benj. S. Dryfus,
Herman Weber, Jacob Wollner, Simon Good-
man, J. Kraus, Abe Kohn, Adolphus Hartman,
W. Freedman, L. Freedman."

The meeting was then organized, W. Dryfus
presiding, and B. S. Dryfus acting as Secretary.
M. Steinfeld and B. S. Dryfus were appointed a
Committee on Constitution and By-Laws, with
instructions to report on the following Sunday.

At the meeting on Sunday, September 27th,

1868, the Committee reported a Constitution and
By-Laws, which, after some amendments, were
adopted and spread upon the minutes.

The following officers for the ensuing year
were then elected :

President, Wolf Dryfus ; Vice-President, M.
Steinfeld; Treasurer, M. Cahen; Secretary, B.
S. Dryfus ; Board of Trustees, W. Freedman,
J. L. Dryfus, and Rudolph Shoenfeld.

The congregation rented a room in Alter's
building.

The following committee w^as appointed to as-
certain the most suitable place for a burial ground :
M. Steinfeld, W. Freedman, and J. L. Dryfus.
Febi-uary 7th, 1869, Mr. R. Shoenfeld donated a
Sefhar Thora (scrolls of the law), to the congre-
gation, for which a vote of thanks was passed.

March 14th, 1869, a committee, consisting of
Messrs. Cahen and Wollner, was appointed to
procure a suitable person as Hazan and teacher,
with instructions to confer with Mr. B. Tauber,
and request him to present his credentials, which
being complied with, he was elected Hazan and
teacher for one year, dating from March 13th,

1869. Whereupon, a voluntary subscription of
five hundred and sixty-five dollars was made to
defray the expenses incurred. On the 21st of
the same month, Mr. Tauber's salary was in-
creased to six hundred dollars per annum, and at
the same meeting, the Board of Trustees was in-
structed to apply to the Legislature, during, the
sanie week, for a charter.

August I§t, 1869, it was resolved, that the con-

gregation organize as a corporation, under the
act of the General Assembly, entitled "An Act
for the creation of incorporated companies in the
State of Ohio, passed May ist, 1852."

The following persons have served as Hazan

and teacher, succeeding Mr. B. Tauber:

Greenblatt, A. R. Levy, and F. Lowenberg ; the
latter is the present incumbent, and also teaches
the Sabbath-School class. The following are the
officers of the society: R. Shoenfeld, President;
M. Weinberg, Vice President; J. Frank, Secre-
tary ; W. Dryfus, Treasurer.

October 5th, 1873, the congregation joined the
Union of American-Hebrew Congregations, con-
cerning which the following extracts, from an ad-
dress delivered at the convention, are given, il-
lustrative of the genius of Israelites, here and else-
whei"e, in the United States.

The convention originating the Union of Amer-
ican-Hebrews, fnet in Cincinnati, July 8th, 1873,
Julius Freibefg, President, and Lipman Levy,
Secretary.

" Blessed be ye all who come in the name of
the Lord. The Shofar has sounded from hill
to hill, and from valley to valley ; the fires have
been kindled on the mountains of Judea, to call
together the faithful, and the heart of Israel is
awakened through the west and south of our glo-
rious new 'Land of Promise,' the land of relig-
ious liberty. We have assembled to form our-
selves into a Union of the Jewish Congreg^itidns,
for the purpose of diffusing light, knowledge and
the spirit of religion among the Jews of this, our
adopted country ; we propose to establish a Jew-
ish Theological Seminary, to educate young
Jewish preachers, who shall promulgate the re-
ligion of our fathers, in the language of our coun-
try, and in the spirit of the age in which we live."

" We must have men well versed in Jewish the-
ology,thorough Hebrew scholars and Talmudists,
who shall be able to take our part in the relig-
ious controversies the age is so pregnant with.
The study of the law is paramount to every-
thing."

The Union of American-Hebrew Congrega-
tions was instituted in July, 1873. The Jewish
Theological Seminary was inaugurated and lo-
cated in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1874, and is con-
trolled by a Board of Trustees, elected by the
Executive Board of the Union.

The Congregational burial ground, comprising
two acres, is situated on William Hollingsworth's
farm, on the National road, two miles from the
court house.

Hungarian Benevolent Association. — This
society is otherwise called the Hebrew Church,
and was organized in 1874. "^^^ following are
among the prominent members : B. Froch, H.
Weber, J. Haber, W. Freedman, and S. New-
man ; Rabbles — D. Feierlicht, served from the
beginning of the organization until 1877, when
he was succeeded by Marcus B. Numark, the
present incumbent. The present membership is
forty ; the place of meeting is in the hall, on the
corner of Seventh and Main streets.

1 86

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

African Wesley an Methodist Church. —
This organization was formed by sixteen mem-
bers withdrawing from the African M. E. Church.
The new church was organized, July 24th, 1875,
by authority of the Miami Conference, the Pres-
ident, Thomas Clinton, officiating. The first re-
ligious services were held in the Seventh Ward
school house, from whence they moved to Best's
Hall, on the corner of Main street and Diamond
alley. During their sojourn here, the congrega-
tion erected a neat frame church, twenty-two feet
by thirty, one story high, situate on Tarry street,
Seventh Ward, at a cost, including the lot, of

$597-

The first officers were : Trustees — Thomas
Writ, Henry Shenon, and Andy Tivis.

Stewards — Randolph Barnett and Henry New-
son.

Class-leader — Philip Paden.

Clerk — Amos C. Guy.

Superintendent of Sabbath-School — John Al-
exander.

The first pastor was Dalton Roberts, of the
Miami Conference, highly spoken of for zeal and
piety, the fruits of his labor being grace and
strength in the church. He served fifteen months,
when he was succeeded by William Carr, from
the same conference ; his service was brief. The
church subsequently secured the services of Jo-
seph Bane, the present pastor, who was installed
in August, 1877.

The present officers are : Trustees — Henry
Newsom, Andy Tivis, and Abraham Anderson.

Steward — Randolph Barnett.

Clerk — Pleasant Henderson.

Class-leader — Philip Paden.

Superintendent of Sabbath-School — Mary Pet-
tengall.

The congregation now numbers thii-ty-four
members, " in good and regular standing,'' and
is subject to the jurisdiction of " the Central Ohio
Conference," Rev. George Richy, President.

The Welsh Church — Was organized Octo-
ber 24th, 1875, at the Sixth Ward Hose House,
and at the same meeting the following officers
were elected :

Deacons — John J. James, Thomas D. Williams,
and Thomas D. Davis.

Secretary — William T.Jones.

The congregation numbered twenty-five, and
continue to occupy the upper part of the Hose
House.

The Deacons, in 1880, were Thomas D. Davis
and Robert Evans.

Secretary — David T. Williams.

Treasurer — Eph Miles.

The membership, at this time, was thirty.

The church polity is congregational, but not
subject to any general authority outside of its own.

A Sabbath School was organized on the same
day with the church, and the following officers
elected.

Superintendent — Thomas Williams.

Treasurer — Edward Jenkins.

Secretary — W. T. Jones,

Union Sunday School. — E. H. Church re-
membered that the first Sunday School in Zanes-
ville was held in the old court house, in the
sprmg of 1816. The pioneers in this movement
were Nathan C. Findley, Thomas Moorehead,
Jeremiah Dale, and Joseph Church (father of
E. H. Church.) A committee of fourteen young
ladies was appointed to solicit scholars, of which
Miss Sarah Van Hoi^ne was President, Miss
Rebecca Perry, Vice President, and Miss
Mary O. Burnham, Secretary. Joseph Shep-
herd joined the little band soon after, and aided
greatly in organizing and supporting the school.

The first female teachers were Mrs. Edith Dil-
lon and Miss Maria Mervin ; other members of
the school were Jane Kelly, Emily Cummins,
Patience Van Home, Harriet Convers, Abigail
Burnham, Rosaniia and Rebecca Perry, E. H.
Church, Dr. Washington Moorehead, W. C.
Moorehead, William and Stephen Burwell, and
others. The teacher of each class was assisted
by a monitor, who wore a card with the word
Monitor printed on it, suspended by a blue rib-
bon around the neck.

There was no "color line," and blacks and
whites mingled according to circumstances.

It was a Union School, a true Christian al-
liance, composed of Presbyterians, Methodists,
Baptists, Episcopalians, and Lutherans. _ I do
not remember who was the Superintendent, but
am inclined to the belief that it was the Rev. J.
Parmile. Among the teachers, I recollect Harry
and Dr. Saffbrd, Nathan E. Findley, Cashier of
the Muskingum bank. Elder Whipple, Dr.
Mathews, Judge Putnam, Leonard Bailey, and
Thomas Moorehead. The onh' female teacher
I can recall was Miss Sarah Waglam. Sunday
Schools of that day had no libraries. A Sunday
School literature had to be invented.

The only books were the earliest additions of
the Bible, printed by the American Bible Society,
and the New Testament, Watt's Hymns for
youthful minds, and the New England Primer,
containing the Shorter Catechism.

Significant Incident. — One Sabbath there
came to the school a young man. known to all
as the driver of an ox cart. He was a regular
specimen of Brother Jonathan, tall, straight as
an Indian, dressed in tow linen breeches and
shirt, minus a hat. coat and shoes. His hair,
which was fiery red, resembled a brush-heap.

He was as deficient in education as he was in
outward adornment, and particularly gifted in
the art of swearing. He was handed over to
Deacon Shepherd, who had charge of some of
the most refractory boys. Kindly addressing
him by name, he pointed to the alphabet in large
letters in the primer, and asked him if he knew
them ; " Gosh, no, I never seed them afore. I
don't know nary one." He then pointed to the
first letter, and said: "Is that A?" "Good
God ! I have often heard tell of it, but never
seed it." The good Deacon told him he must
not take the Lord's name in vain. "Well, I'll
be darned if it don't beat all natur." "Tut,
Tut, my good man, you must not swear so."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

187

The Deacon did not give him up as hopeless,
but taught him the alphabet, and finally to read.
His manners became improved, and he became a
professor of religion, and a valuable and consis-
tent member of the Baptist Church.

CHAPTER XIII.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

THE MASONIC FRATERNITY DIRECTORY OF MA-
SONIC ORGANIZATIONS IN ZANESVILLE, 1 88 1

ODD FELLOWSHIP ODD FELLOVV^S' BENEVOLENT

ASSOCIATION REPORT GRAND UNITED ORDER

OF ODD FELLOWS, [COLOREd] DRUIDS IN-
DEPENDENT ORDER OF RED MEN KNIGHTS OF

PYTHIAS b'nAI BRITH KESHER SHEL BARSEL

KNIGHTS OF HONOR ROYAL ARCANUM PA-
TRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA.

MASONIC FRATERNITY.

SPECULATIVE PREEMASONKY IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY.

By J. HOPE SUTOR, Past Master.

The age, the universality, and the potent influ-
ence of the society known as Free and Accepted
Masons, has caused it to be an object of both
patronage and persecution for ages ; the rigors
of the Spanish inquisition could not unravel its
mysteries, nor prevent its assemblies, and the
special franchises which Masonic monarchs have
been pleased to confer upon it have not bred in
it arrogance, nor corruption. It has pursued its
peaceful way, unmindful of ecclesiastical de-
nunciation and legislative proscriptions, and will
cease its labors only when sorrow and oppres-
sion shall cease to exist.

The history of such an organization, constitutes
a chapter in the history of all countries, and a
brief one is here given of its introduction and
progress in Muskingum county.

CRAFT MASONRY.

The introduction of Freemasonry, as an organ-
ized body, into Muskingum county, is almost co-
incident with the formation of the county.

On Saturday, the 25th day of May, 1805, Wil-
liam Raynolds, William Smyth, Levi Whipple,
Daniel Converse, Abel Lewis and Lewis Cass,
held a meeting in Zanesville, and, "after becom-
ing known to each other as- Master Masons, in
the manner prescribed by the rules of the craft,
entered into conversation respecting the practic-
ability and propriety of procuring a charter, au-
thorizing them to hold a Lodge in this place;
and, in order to determine the question, appoint-
ed Brother Smyth, Brother Cass, and Brother
Raynolds, a committee, for the purpose of pre-
paring such resolutions, rela;tive to the object of
the meeting, as to them should seem expedient,
and to report to this meeting on Saturday
next."

The committee were zealous Masons, and at

once went to work, as the following paper suffi-
ciently attests ; the original of this ancient docu-
ment is the property of the Lodge of Amity, of
Zanesville, and is conspicuously displayed as one
of its valued relics, in its Lodge room :

"We, the undersigned, Master Masons, desir-
ous to procure the establishment of a Lodge in this
place, and for that purpose to open a communi-
cation with the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania,
do hereby associate ourselves together, and do
agree to submit to the decision of a majority,
and contribute our mutual share of the expense
in the procurement of that object."

W. Raynolds,
William Smyth,
Daniel Converse,
Levi Whipple,
Abel Lewis,
Lewis Cass,
I. Van Horne,
Seth Fuller,
Noyce Stone,
F. Craft.
Zanesville, May 25, 1805.
This paper is in the handwriting of Lewis
Cass, who acted as the Secretary at these early
meetings. On Saturday, June i, 1805, another
meeting was held, the attendance being the same
as before, except that Daniel Converse was ab-
sent, and General Isaac Van Horne was present.
The committee reported that the object was "at-
tainable," and William Smyth, Lewis Cass and
William Raynolds were appointed a committee
to prepare and forward the petition to the Grand
Lodge of Pennsylvania, and solicit the endorse-
ment and co-operation of Washington Lodge, of
Philadelphia, to the petition, when before the
Grand Lodge.

On Tuesday, the 4th day of June, another
meeting was held, the attendance being the same
as at the last meeting, with the addition of Seth
Fuller and Noyce Stone, a fellow craft. An
election of officers, to be recommended to the
Grand Lodge, was held, resulting in the election
of Lewis Cass, as Worshipful Master ; WilUam
Smyth, Senior Warden ; Seth Fuller, Junior
Warden ; Isaac Van Horne, Treasurer, and
William Raynolds, Secretary.

On June 24, 1805, St. John's Day, the Grand
Lodge, of Pennsylvania, granted the prayer of
the petitioners, but, as the charter fee had not ac-
companied the petition, some delay occurred in
its issuance by the Secretary of the Grand Lodge,
and it was not until May 28, 1806, that the War-
rant, Dispensation, Book of Constitution, By-
Laws of the Grand Lodge, forms for Returns,
and Seal, were placed in care of a Captain Tay-
lor for delivery to thre craftsmen, at Zanesville.

Notwithstanding the fact that so much of the
correspondence pertaining to the organization of
the first Lodge in Muskingum county exists, there
is no paper in existence, either in the Lodge of
Amity, or the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, by
which to determine the date of the Constitution
of the Lodge.

The authority to constitute the Lodge was ad-

1 88

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

dressed to Isaac Van Home, who was Past Mas-
tei- of Lodge No. 57, held at Newtown, Penn-
sylvania, from which Lodge he withdrew,
September 3, 1805 ; his power as the
Grand Master's proxy did not, however,
reach him until after the expiration of
the time for which it was issued ; the craft
were therefore much depressed at the difficul-
ties which beset them in their efforts to establish
the Lodge, and Brother Van Home assumed the
responsibility of acting upon his expired proxy,
which fact he reported to the Grand Lodge in a
letter, dated September 23, 1806, and on October
20, 1806, his letter was read to the Grand Lodge,
whereupon it sanctioned the act.

The ceremony of constituting the Lodge, oc-
curred between the latter part of June and the
first of September ; possibly subsequent to June
24th, because the dispensation would be likely to
be in force until that day ; and it is evident that
it was prior to the fii'st of September, because the
Lodge possesses a copy of the Book of Constitu-
tion presented to it September 7, 1806, by Lewis
Cass, and its first record, September 26, 1806,
shows it to be in working order, with- a code of
By-Laws.

The Lodge was organized in a two story,
frame, hotel building, owned by Isaac Van
Home, and occupied b}^ Benoni Pierce, situated
on the corner of Main and Fifth streets, where
the Zane House now stands. • Early in 1807, the
Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, presented the
Lodge with a set of silver jewels, which are still
in possession of the Lodge, and, until their re-
ceipt, we may infer that the Lodge acted upon
the suggestion of the Grand Secretary, and used
pasteboard imitations.

August 2d, 1807, the Lodge endorsed the plan
for the organization of a. Grand Lodge in the
State of Ohio, and on January 4th, 1808, Isaac
Van Home and Lewis Cass met the delegates
from the other Lodges in the State, at Chilli-
cothe, where, on motion of Brother Cass, it was
resolved, "That it is expedient to form a Grand
Lodge in this State." On January 26th, 1809,
the Grand Lodge of Ohio issued a dispensation
to the Lodge of Amity, as No. 5, (its number in
the Pennsylvania register having been 105), and
on January 15th, 1812, a charter was issued, in
which the privileges granted by the Pennsylva-
nia cha];ter, of meeting either at Zanesville or
Putnam, were continued to the Lodge. The
early raeetings of the Lodge alternated between
Zanesville and Putnam, wherever convenient and
suitable apartments could be secured, at private
residences,, hotels, court house, etc., until the
year 1817, during which the last meeting was
held in Putnam ; the Lodge then met in the Sen-
ate Chamber, in the courthouse, until December
i8th, 1861, when it moved into its own hall, on
Market street, adjoining the present Masonic
Hall, on the west, whence it removed to the pres-
ent commodious apartments in the Masonic Hall,
corner of Market and Fourth streets, its first
meeting in which was held April 9th, 1858.

This Lodge, and its daughter, Lafayette No.

79, successfully resisted the anti-Masonic craze,
1830-37, and has maintained uninterrupted ex-
istence for seventy-five years.

The second Lodge organized in the county,
was Lafayette No. 79, of Zanesville, for which
a dispensation was issued May i6th, 1825, and
the Lodge ndet for the first time in the Masonic
Hall (now school building), on Market street.
May 25th, of the same year, the following breth-
ren being present : George James, Worshipful
Master ; Calvin Conant, Senior Warden ; Wil-
liam Blocksom, Junior Warden ; L. L. Hamline,
Senior Deacon ; Isaac Van Home, Treasurer ; H.
SafFord, Secretary ; visitors : J. T. Fracker, Jun-
ior Deacon ; William Twaddle, Steward and Ti-
ler, and Joshua Downer.

The name of this Lodge is indicative of the
patriotic sentiment of the members ; the beloved
French patriot and Mason, Lafayette, was expect-
ed at Zanesville, on his tour through Ohio, and
extensive preparations for his reception were
made, but he passed east by another route. It
is worthy of note that three applications for
Lodges were made to the Grand Master about
the same time, and each selected Lafayette as its
title — to honor it and be honored. At the Janu-
ary session, 1826, of the Grand Lodge, all these
Lodges applied for charters, the one to the Zanes-
ville Lodge being dated January loth, 1826.
February 24th, the first election was held, and
on April 26tti, 1826, the officers were formally
installed by Joshua Downer.

Until the erection of the present Masonic Hall,
this Lodge had its meetings at various points —
the old Masonic Hall, Senate Chamber, corner
Market and Fifth streets. Main and Court alley,
and Main and Fifth streets.

In 1837, a dispensation was issued to form
Friendship Lodge, at Dresden, and on June 20th,
1838, a charier was granted it, as Lodge No.
103. Dissensions having arisen in the Lodge,
on October 17th, 1839, ^^^^ Grand Lodge enjoin-
ed it from further labor until harmony should be
restored. April 14th, 1840, Brother D. W.
Rhodes, Acting Grand Master, gave his sanction
for it to resume Masonic work, which it still con-
tinues.

August 19th, 1844. Thomas Maxfield, William
Findle\-, Lewis Virden, F. H. Jennings, John V.
Lemon, John G. F". Holston," G. D. Palmer, and
Thomas Bell were authorized to form Malta
Lodge, at Norwich, and a Lodge was opened
under the dispensation on August 26th, 1844. On
October 24th, 1844, the Grand Lodge granted a
charter to the Lodge, as No. 118, under which
the first election was held, November 2d, and on
the 20th of the same month the Lodge was form-
ally constituted by John T. Arthur, an address
having been delivered by Cornelius Moore.

December loth, 1849, ^ dispensation was is-
sued to Thomas Edwards, Worshipful Master;
Abner Wood, Senior Warden, and William
Munhall, Junior Warden, to form Union Lodge,
at Irville, and on October i6th, 1850, a charter
was granted it, as Lodge No. 184, and on Octo-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

189

ber 20th, 1852, the Grand Lodge authorized it to
change its place of meeting to Nashport.

October 4th, 185 1, a dispensation was issued
to organize Hubbar-d Lodge, at Adamsville, and
at the October, 1852, session of the Grand Lodge,
two new Lodges sought charters as Hubbard
Lodge, out of respect to the eminent Masonic vir-
tues of Grand Master Hubbard ; a charter was
voted the Lodge at Adamsville, October 21st,
1852, as No. 220.

On April 24th, 1856, a dispensation was issued
to James D. Sturges, J.J. Kassell, Marquis Wil-
liamson, R. J. Peach, Frederick Young, Thomas
McLees, Joseph Starrett, and Philip Dennek, to
form Anchor Lodge, at Duncan's Falls, and on
October 22d, 1856, the Grand Lodge granted
them a charter, as No. 283.

On June iSth, 1866, a dispensation was issued
to George Brunner, Worshipful Master, William

C. Lenhart, Senior Warden, and David Crossan,
Junior Warden, to form Muskingum Lodge, at
Uniontown, and on October 17th, 1866, a charter
was issued to the Lodge, as No. 368.

On July 26th, 1870, a dispensation was issued
to George Smith," Worshipful Master ; Mark R.
McClelland, Senior Warden, and Henry Lud-
man , Junior Warden , to organize Gage and Gavel
Lodge, at Chandlersville ; October 19th, 1870,
the Grand Lodge voted them a charter, as Lodge
No. 448.

On July 4th, 1874, ^ dispensation was issued
to George Hagerty, Worshipful Master, David
Jones, Senior Warden, and Joshua Bennet, Jun-
ior Warden, to form Frazeysburg Lodge, atFra-
zeysburg ; a charter was granted them, October
2ist, 1874, ^s Lodge No. 490.

It is worthy of mention that, of the ten Lodges
in the county, six of them bear the signatures of
Muskingum county Masons, as Grand officers ;
the charter of the Lodge of Amity, No. 5, has
that of Lewis Cass, as Grand Master ; Malta
Lodge has that of John F. Arthur, as Grand
Secretary, he having been a member, at the time,
of Lafayette Lodge No. 79 ; and Lodges 220,
283, 368, 448 and 490, are all signed by John

D. Caldwell, as Grand Secretary, he having been
made a Mason in Lodge No. 5, at Zanesville,

On Thursday, October 21st, 1852, the Grand
Lodge adopted the following resolution : .

'■^Resolved, That a committee of three be ap-
pointed to examine the names and locations of
all the Lodges under the jurisdiction of this Grand
Lodge, and that said committee be instructed,
where there are two or more Lodges of the same
name, to change, or cause to be changed, the
name of all but one of such Lodges, giving to
those first named the privilege of retaining their
original names, and to all those whose names are
changed, the privilege of selecting a new name ;
and that said committee be fui'ther instructed to
report the name and place where located, of each
Lodge throughout the State."

This resolution affected Friendship Lodge No.
103, at Dresden, Lafayette No. 79, at Zanes-
ville, and Union No. 84, at Irville, in this county.

Friendship Lodge selected Dresden as its new

name ; Union made no selection, and was named
Irville, by the committee ; Lafayette No. 79, and
Lafayette No. 81, of Cincinnati, were both char-
tered January loth, 1826, but No. 81 claimed four
months prior organization, while No. 79 urged
its priority of number. The committee declined
to decide, and recommended to the Grand Lodge
that the adjustment of the vexed question be left
to the Lodges, where it still remains, neither of
them being willing to relinquish its name.

CAPITULAR MASONRY.

On December 6th, 182 1, Daniel Convers, Cal-
vin Conant, Levi Whipple, Joshua Downer,
Horace Nye, Dudley W. Rhodes, and Charles
Hill, met in the Senate Chamber, then occupied
as "Masons' Hall," to take action towards the
organization of a Royal Arch Chapter in Zanes-
ville. Daniel Convers was chosen Moderator,
and Levi Whipple, Clerk. Conant, Convers
and Whipple were appointed a committee to se-
cure signatures to a petition to the Grand Chap-
ter ; to secure the endorsement of some estab-
lished Chapter, and, if successful, to present the
papers to the Grand Chapter. The following
officers were then chosen to act under the Dis-
pensation : Calvin Conant, M. E. H. P. ; Daniel
Converse, M. E. K. ; Joshua Downer, M. E. S. ;
Horace Nye, C. of H. ; Dudley W. Rhodes, P.
S. ; Charles Hill, R. A. C. ; S. S. Miles,
Francis Fowler, and Levi Whipple, Masters of
the Veils.

On Wednesday, December nth, 1821, the
Grand Chapter met at Columbus, and on Friday,
13th, the necessary authority was issued to form
the Chapter, when the constitutional recommend-
ations should have been obtained. On January
2d, 1822, American Union Chapter, at Marietta,
endorsed the petition, and on February ist, 1822,
the Chapter was opened in the Masonic Hall, on
Market street. On January 15th, 1823, a char-
ter was granted, and on May 5th, 1823, the
Chapter was installed, in ample form, by the
Most Excellent Grand High Priest, as the Zanes-
ville Royal Arch Chapter, No. 9.

The anti-Masonic crusade, which was so suc-
cessfully resisted by the Lodge in Zanesville,
had the eff'ect of closing the Chapter, on Sep-
tember 5th, 183 1, and it remained dormant until
July 8th, 1837, when, through the exertions of
Dudley W. Rhodes, Daniel Applegate, Nimrod
BaiT, David Reed, James King, David Magin-
nis, William Twaddle, John Anthony, and James
Caldwell, it resumed its labors, which it has con-
tinued, without intermission, to the present day.

On August 31st, 1876, a petition was present-
ed to the Grand Chapter from a number of com-
panions at Dresden, praying for a dispensation
to open a Chapter at that place ; the prayer be-
ing constitutionally endorsed, the request was
granted. August 30th, 1877, the Grand Chap-
ter directed that the dispensation be continued
another year. On October i ith, 1878, the Grand
Chapter withdrew the dispensation and dissolved
Muskingvim Chapter.

ipo

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

CRYPTIC MASONRY.

On the 22d of February, 1844, a dispensation
was issued to Daniel Applegate, George L. Shin-
nick, John T. Arthur, Charles W. Spaulding,
A. Bartal, and George James, to open a Council
of Royal and Select Masters in Zanesville ; John
Barney, Adam Peters, Nimrod Barr, and H. M.
Miller, were present at its organization, in addi-
tion to those named in the dispensation, but the
date when it occurred is not stated in the record,
except that it was in February, 1844, and in the
Masonic Hall, on Market street. The records of
neither the Grand nor Subordinate Council show
when a charter was granted. On Friday, Octo-
ber 24th, 1845, Zanesville Council was assigned
the number 13, by vote of the Grand Council.
On October i8th, 1849, ^^^ Grand Recorder re-
ported to the Grand Council that much confusion
existed respecting the seniority and numbering
of the Councils, when he was instructed to ad-
just the difficulty, and assign to each Council a
permanent number as appeared proper from the
records. At the meeting held October 17th,
1850, he reported a revised list, which placed
Zanesville Council as No. 12, the number it still
bears.

MASONIC KNIGHTHOOD.

On the 27th day of November, 1848, Sir John
L. Vattier, Grand Master of Knights Templars
in Ohio, issued a dispensation to "Sirs John T.
Arthur, Thomas Bell, Amos Bartholomew, R.
H. Cotton, Gilbert D. Palmer, Israel Hoge,
Thomas Launder, Josephus Lakin, and Thomas
F. Nevitt, all Knights Templars and Knights of
Malta of the Magnanimous Order of St. John
of Jerusalem," constituting them an Encamp-
ment of Knights Templars, by the name of Cy-
prus Encampment. He further named Sir
Thomas Bell to be first Grand Commander ; Sir
John T. Ai-thur, first Generalissimo ; Sir Gilbert
D. Palmer, first Captain General, and Rev. Sir
Amos Bartholomew, first Prelate. On January
3d, 1849, Sir Michael F. Krieder, Past Grand
Master of Templars in Ohio, opened the new
Encampment in Lafayette Lodge's Hall, corner
of Main and Fifth streets, the place now occu-
pied as a photographic gallery. Emergent con-
claves of the several Orders were held daily,
in morning, afternoon, and night sessions, from
that date until January 13th, during which time
sixteen Knights were created. On November
9th, 1849, ^ charter was issued to Cyprus En-
campment, No. 10.

On January 12th, 1854, January 13th, 1857,
and February 17th, i860, the Encampment en-
joyed the distinction of having its officers in-
stalled by Sir William B. Hubbard, Grand Mas-
ter of Knights Templars in the United States.

In October, 1867, the Grand Commandery of
Ohio amended its Constitution, in order that its
nomenclature should cpnform to that of the
Grand Encampment of the United States ; in
accordance with this, Encampments were styled
Commanderies, and the first officer Eminent
Commander, instead of Grand Commander.

The records of Cyprus Commandery are in ac-
cord with this regulation, on and after January
7th, 1868.

The numerical strength of the several divisions
of the Masonic family in the county, as appears
from the figures for the fiscal year, just past, is
as follows : Affiliated Master Masons, 532 ; Royal
Arch Masons, 92 ; Select Masters, 39 ; Knights
Templars, 78.

The Masons of Muskingum county may well
be proud of their brethren, for many who were
made or reared Craftsmen within the limits of >
the county, have won distinction among the Sons
of Light, and held prominent positions in the
Masonic world. Many of them have long since
gone —

" To rest from their labors. Their wages are due ;
Their work by the Grand Master's test is found true —
True to the Plumb-line of Justice and Bight,
To the Level on which all good Masons unite,
To the Square of Morality, Virtue, and Love ;
And their wages are paid in the Temple above."

DIRECTORY OF THE MASONIC ORGANIZATIONS
IN ZANESVILLE FOR 1 88 1.

Masonic Hall Association — Hall northwest
corner of Market and Fourth streets.

Trustees — President, Daniel Hatton ; Secre-
tary, J. Hope Sutor ; Treasurer, John P. Ford;
Frank J. Terry, H. T. Canfield, and Samuel
Elliott.

Masonic Benefit Association, organized June
20, 1873 — ^Admission fee, $2.25. No other ex-
pense attending membership, unless death occurs,
when each surviving member is assessed $1.10.
Benefits $1.00 for each member of the associa-
tion. Any Master Mason under sixty years, in
good health, is eligible to membership.

Trustees for 1880-81— President, W. M. Shin-
nick ; Vice President, John P. Ford ; Secretary,
J. Hope Sutor ; Treasurer, A. M. Huston ; B. S.
DryfuS, R. S. Mershon, L. Steinfeld, H. C.
Lindsay, T. E. Richards, W. J. Best, A. P.
Josselyn, F. Mehurin, and M. L. Miller.

Lodge of Amity, No. 5, F. and A. M. —
Chartered, June 24, 1805. Officers: J.Hope,
Sutor, W. Master; L. Steinfeld, Senior War-
den ; George R. Fox, Junior Warden ; W. M.
Shinnick, Treasurer ; H. T. Canfield, Secretary ;
Marion Snoots, Senior Deacon ; H. A. Sharpe,
Junior Deacon ; George W. Harris, Tiler.

Stated communications, Friday, on or before
the full moon.

Lafayette Lodge, No. 79 — Chartered Janu-
ary 10, 1826: Officers: C. C. Wiles, Worthy
Master ; Lewis Moore, Senior Warden ; Thomas
M. Sloan, Junior Warden ; John P. Ford, Treas-
urer ; R. F. Irvine, Secretary; C. H. Hoopes,
Senior Deacon ; A. E. Allman, Junior Deacon ;
A. P. Josselyn, Tiler.

Stated Communications, first Thursday in
each month.

Royal Arch Chapter, No. 9 — Chartered
January 15, 1823. Officers — H. T. Canfield, M.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

191

E. H. P; J. Hope Sutor, King; J. C. Gillespie,
Scribe; H. C. Waterman, C. of H. ; Marion
Snoots, P. S. ; L. Steinfeld, R. A. C. ; J. R.
Stonesipher, G. M. 3d V ; Lewis Moore, G. M.
2d V. ;'N. S. Chandler, G. M. ist V. ; W. M.
Shinnick, Treasurer; J. A. Hunter, Secretary;
A. P. Josselyn, Grand.

Stated communications, first Monday in each
month.

Zanesvlle Council No. 12, Royal and
Select Masters — Organized February, 1844.
Officers— J. C. Gillespie, T. I. M. ; J. Hope
Sutor, Deputy ; H. T. Canfield, P. C. W. ; W.
M. Shinnick, Treasurer; A. M. Huston,
Recorder.

ODD FELLOWSHIP.

Muskingum Lodge, No, 28 — The little band
who petitioned the Grand Lodge of Ohio, in
1844, for a charter, were not the most sanguine
of the wisdom of their effort, although they felt
the need of such influence as the work of the
order would have upon society. The petition
was granted May nth, of the same year, and
Past Grand Master, Mark P. Taylor, of Cincin-
nati, assisted by John P. Blain, and Justin Mor-
rison, of Columbus, Ohio, instituted Muskin-
gum Lodge No. 28, the following Brothers
appearing as Charter Membei-s : Lambert
Thomas, Jonathan R. Johnson, Jacob Little,
Jeremiah Zeigler, J. Warren 'Clayton and Wil-
liam Langton. They met in the third story of
the old Judge Blocksom property, on Main street,
between Fifth and Sixth sti-eets. In tkose
days, when everything concerning Odd Fellow-
ship was shrouded inmj-stery, it required a
great deal of " determination to do and dare,"
and duty was in the line of sacrifice. And now
a feeling of veneration for those heroes comes
welling up, as their descendants recall their
deeds ; and a shout of triumph may well burst
forth, as the present glorious condition of the
brotherhood ; everywhere proclaims, " good will
towards men."

The first officers were as follows : N. G., Jona-
than R. Johnson; V. G., Jacob Little; Secre-
tary, Lambert Thomas ; Treasurer, John R.
Worm an.

It was in this Lodge that the project of erect-
ing the present Odd Fellows' Hall was started.
The records show that at the meeting held April
9th, 1850, James Darlinton appointed a commit-
tee to confer with Moxahala Lodge, concerning
the, propriety of purchasing a site, and erecting
a building, with a hall. December nth, 1850, a
committee was appointed to solicit the subscrip-
tion of stock, for this purpose, and the Lodge
subscribed $3,000. January i, 185 1, the Trus-
tees were ordered to purchase eighty shares of
stock, and a Building Committee appointed,
consisting of Brothers E. H. Church, John V.
Smeltzer and Edward Cox. February 22, 185 1,
a committee was appointed, with authority to pe-
tition the Legislature for a charter. The commit-
tee consisted of Brothers Howard, Eastman,
Pike, Church, Fracker and Brenholts. The

details of their action, and that of the Legislature
and the Lodges on this cause, will be found in
the chapter on " Odd Fellows' Hall."

July 28th, 1852, the Lodge adjourned in the
old, to meet in the new hall, on Saturday, July
31st, of the same year. Although the first to
propose building a hall of their own, she was
not the first to occupy the new home, as the
following episode will show : Rivalry had mani-
fested itself between Muskingum and Moxahala
Lodges, the latter met on Monday nights, and
the former on Tuesday nights, and accordingly
Moxahala resolved to hold the first meeting in
the new Lodge room, it being finished. They
moved quietly, under cover of darkness, and
when they thought all was well, they found
themselves "yet in darkness." One ' of the
Muskingum boys having found them out, shut
off" the gas by inserting a cork in the pipe be-
low ; consternation was depicted in their faces, as
they realized that no gaslight could be had.
The deliberations of that night were conducted
under the sickly glare of tallow dips. The
Muskingum boys claimed the victory.

The number of active members is one hundred
and twenty-two. There are forty-three Post
Grands, some of whom attest by their trembling
limbs and whitened locks that the weight of
years is upon them. Yet their devotion to the
work is such that they attend the convocations
quite regularly. The list is as follows :

J. T. Fracker, E. L. Grigsby, E. H. Church,
Henry Granger, Chaplain Moorehead, G. W.
Ebert, Lewis Brenholts, F. W. Hollister, Jacob
Smith, C. Smallsreed, Wm. H. Griffiths, D. B.
Gary, Sr., W. H.. Deffenbaugh, Israel Godfrey,
John T. Langton, Thomas Drake, David Lee,
M. V. Gates, E. P. Moorehead, Moses Meyer,
A. N. G. Werner, James G. Elrich, Henry
Shrimpton, Thomas M. Sloan, John Bowman,
W. S. Harlan, Geo. R. Bostwick, J. R. Moore,
J. R. Millhouse, J. V. Wing, C. G. Anderson,
Chas. L. Kerner, W. H. Foye, George W.
Keamer, J. F. Deitrich, W. S. Bell, J. M. Har-
lan, John Still, W. B. Walters, G. F. Axline,
S. E. Stockdale, Robert Thompson and WiUiam
Thompson.

The present officers are : W. A. Dilley, Noble
Grand ; R. S. Willey, Vice Grand ; I. W. Bird,
Recording Secretary ; C. Smallsreed, Permanent
Secretary ; Major W. S. Harlan, Treasurer.

Trustees — Henry Deffenbaugh, W. S. Bell,
George Keamer, Robert Thompson and G. W.
Ebert.

Moxahala Lodge, No. 144, was instituted
February 21, 1850, in the Odd Fellows' Lodge
room, located in the Blocksom property, on
Main street, between Fifth and Sixth streets.
The exercises were conducted by the Grand
Master of the State, William C. Earl, our late
lamented Grand Secretary of the State, assisted
by Post Grands of Muskingum Lodge.

The following Brothers appeared as charter
members: Gemmil Arthur, A. W. Perley,
Dudley S. Fracker, E. W. Cox, C. C. Russel,

192

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

L. H. Bigelow, Silvers Porter, William Leckey,
Thomas Durban and C. T. Fracker.

This was the second Lodge in Zanesville, and
started off under very flattering circumstances.
The founders were fired with zeal to carry out
the great principles of the order, and to teach
within its walls the principles of fraternal love,
and to build up Odd Fellows.

Of the names so memorable thirty years ago,
four have passed to the other shore, and entered the
Celestial Lodge above. We cherish fondly the
names of Durban, Porter, Fracker and Leckey ;
they were worthy brothers. Post Grand Thomas
Durban was one of Zanesville's brightest and
most influential Odd Fellows ; cordial and warm
hearted, his hand was ever open to a brother in
need. And, though mild and generous, he would
contend vigorously in debate to the last extremity.
He died June 2d, 1876. Silvers Porter, is a
name that awakens many warm memories. He
ever maintained the spirit of fidelity which char-
terizes the true Odd Fellow. Brothers Leckey
and Fracker were active and worthy members ;
their devotion to the principles of Odd Fellow-
ship was worthy of emulation.

The first officers of Moxahala Lodge were :
A. W. Perley, Noble Grand ; Silvers Porter,
Vice Grand ; E. W. Cox, Secretary ; G. Arthur,
Permanent Secretary ; Thomas Durban, Treas-
urer. Trustees — T. L. Fracker, L. H. Bige-
low and G. Arthur.

Moxahala Lodge has never suflfered the ap-
peal of the widow or orphan to go unheeded.
Her members have noble hearts, and never saw
"the righteous forsaken, or his seed begging
bread." Members have been added who have
been found worthy to bear the armor of her pio-
neer chieftains, as one by one they laid it down,
thus ever bearing aloft the glorious banner, on
which is inscribed. Friendship, Love and Truth.

Since its organization, Moxahala has received
within her borders, by invitation, 389 members!
Her present active membership is 133, and her
dormant list 149.

The total amount of her general fund is $4,525 23

Widows and orphans 326 83

Total Assets $4,852 06

During her history, she has added to her list of
Past Grands: W. R. Hazlett, C. C. Russell,
Samuel G. McBride, W. B. Hubbell, George
D. Gibbons, John Gerwick, George W. Griffin,
W. M. Chappelear, Wm. Lee, T. L. Fracker,
T. B. Townsend, Joseph Crosby, W. A. Brown,
W. H. Smallwood, Chas. Symons, M. Richman,
L. D. Sandel, James Bridwell, John T. Irvine,
Wm. A. Twaddle, George W. Coon, Hiram
Waller, Isaac Hillier, W. H. Minter, John C.
Taylor, Samuel Bateman, Samuel Oldham,
John W. Howland, John Brooks, Edward Gigax,
David Stewart, John T. Lynn, W. H. Duvall,
R. G. Leuman, Robert Butler, Wm. Mangold,
Milton Strait, W. S. Hannum and Elisha Peairs.

Present officers : Noble Grand, George Mur-
dock ; Vice Grand, Charles E. Huff"; Permanent

Secretary, Theodore McCadden ; Recording
Secretary, W. H. Shepherd ; Treasurer, W. H.
Smallwood- Trustees— S. G. McBride, Ed-
ward Gigax, R. S. Butler, F. S. Gates and R.
G. Leuman.

Within the last decade, Moxahala has received
many valuable members, and with her steadily
increasing Treasury, her power for good, and
the promulgation of the sublime principles of the
order, is a just source of pride.

They meet in Odd Fellows' Hall.

Odd Fellows' Hall. — February 22d, 185 1,
Muskingum Lodge appointed a committee, con-
sisting of Brothers Howard, Pike, Church, Frack-
er, and Brenholts, with instructions to petition
the Legislature of Ohio for a charter for a Hall
Association. The same month, by special act,
a charter was granted, creating " Odd Fellows'
Hall Association," with Robert Howard, as Pres-
ident. The brethren of the Lodges represented,
subscribed for the greater part of the stock, which
consisted of two hundred and forty-one shares,
at fifty dollars each, taken as follows :

Muskingum Lodge, eighty-four shares.

Moxahala Lodge, fifty-six shares.

Mechanics Lodge, twenty-three shares.

Howard Encampment, forty-six shares, arid
the remainder was taken by citizens, not mem-
bers. The stock has since been sold at one hun-
dred dollars per share.

In 1851, the Association purchased of Apple-
gate & Tallant, parts of lots i and 2, east half,
fronting on the south side of Main. street, corner
of fhe alley, for the sum of $4,000, and erected
thereon a substantial three-story brick building,
that even at this day is regarded as one of the
imposing structures of Zanesville. The cost of
this edifice was $24,000.

The Hall was dedicated with the usual impos-
ing ceremonies, on Thursday, September oth,
1852. The street parade was a grand afl&ir;
some three hundred and fifty of the resident Odd
Fellows and visiting brethren were in the ranks.
The long procession, as it passed through the
principal streets, was the subject of many well-
merited compliments. The Hon. L. P. Marsh,
of this city, delivered the address, after which
the dedication ceremonies were performed. The
occasion was enlivened by the Wheeling and
Dresden Bands, discoursing choice and appro-
priate rhusic. The scene closed by a grand ball
and supper, which was largely attended by the
wives and daughters of the membei-s.

The Degree of Rebecca. — The origin of this
beautiful degree has been credited to the Hon.
Schuyler Colfax, who, with William T. Martin
and E. G. Steele, a committee of the Grand
Lodge, appointed to mature it, reported it. to
that body, by whom it was adopted, September
15th, 1 85 1. It was felt to be needed, in order to
satisfy the longing of the wives and daughters of
the brethren to share the joyous contemplation of
the work of benevolence, and the " labor of love,"
as well. And when they remembered Hannah,
Deborah, Ruth, Esther, Sarah, Miriam and Re-

This store is a two-story
brick building, seventy-
five by fifty feet in dinaen-
sions. It was constructed
at a cost of $12,000. It is
unusually substantially
constructed, with a massive
stone basement, and is ad-
mirably .adapted for the
storage of hides and pelts,
for which purpose it was
intended. The building
is the property of Messrs.
L. Frank & Sons, and is
decidedly a credit, not only
to the city of Zanesville,
but also to its projectors. Their old quarters were
on Sixth street, between Main and South streets,
where they remained for eight years. During that
time a notable increase was manifest year by year.

store of L. FRANK & SONS, Corner of Third and
North Sts., Zanesville, O.

due to a systematic meth-
od of business and honesty
of purpose. This increase
of trade compelled a remov-
al to new and commodious
quarters. During the
Spring of 1882 ground was
broken for the new struc-
ture, which was completed
in July of the same year.
There are three large stor-
age rooms, including base-
ment,necessary i n the trans-
action of a large business
in this line. The offices are
wide and tastefully fur-
nished. The main traffic consists in the purchase
of hides, wool, sheep pelts, furs, rags and metals.
Likewise the depot for all reliable brands of fer-
tilizers.

Interior of the Dry Goods Store of ALEXANDER GRANT, Cor. Third and Main Sts., Zanesville, O.

When Music Hall Block, the handsome iron-front
building erected by the late Peter Black, at the cor-
ner of Third and Main streets, was opened to the
public in 1859, over the door of the ''corner room"
appeared a modest sign, " Alexander Grant & Co.,"
and the purchasing public learned for the first time
that a new dry goods store had been added to the
commercial enterprises of Zanesville. The new
comer was a man of modest mien and quiet de-
meanor, but the neatly kept store and the orderly
precision which reigned throughout the establish-
ment spoke in terms more expressive than mere
words of the ability of the proprietor. Alexander
Grant managed and conducted the business with
his brother-in-law, Peter Black, as the Co. of the
concern. After the war closed, in 1865, Thos. S.
Black, who had won the bars of a Captain by gal-
lantry on the field, was admitted to a partnership,

and the sign then read " Grant & Black." Four
years later, Capt. Black retired, leaving Mr. Grant
sole proprietor, and he still continues to manage
his large business. During all these twenty-two
years of active, sharp competition, during days of
unusual prosperity and months of wide-spread gen-
eral disaster, Alexander Grant has bought and sold,
and continued to enjoy the ever-increasing confi-
dence of his customers. He is now a member of
the well-known jobbing firm of Black & Co., but
gives his retail business his closest attention.

Mr. Grant's stock of Dry Goods, Foreign and Do-
mestic, Notions, Carpets, etc., is unexcelled. It
has been the aim of h.is life to conduct business on
business principles, giving value for value, and no
man can lay to his charge aught that reflects on
the highest standard of upright dealing between
man and man.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

193

becca of old, how noted they were for just such
devotion and self-isacrifice as are practiced by
every true Odd Fellow, the demand for such a
bond of union, as this beautiful degree supplies,
became imperative.

Elizabeth Lodge, No. 26. — This Lodge was
instituted January 12, 1870, in Zanesville, at Odd
Fellows' Hall, by the Grand Master of the State,
James Turner, of Dayton, Ohio, assisted by Past
Grands, William Langton, Harvey Hubbell,
Thomas Sloan, and C. Fracker ; the following
persons appeared as charter members : Charles
Neimeyer, Isabella Neimeyer, Isaac Pierso], E.
V. Piersol, Lewis Brenholts, Sidney Brenholts,
John Bowman, Elizabeth Bowman, E. L. Grigs-
by, Nancy Grigsby, John Greiner, Maria Grein
er, Wolf Dryfus, Eva Dryfus, T. L. Fracker, J.
H. Coke.George W. Griffin, Hattie Griffee, Isaac
Hillier, Sarah Hillier, Ferdinand Hess, Theresa
Hess, A. Schaum, Elizabeth Schaum, Elizabeth
Howard ,Wm. L. Langton, and Isabella Langtoh.

The large and elegant Lodge room was filled
to its utmost capacity by the members of the sev-
eral Lodgfes. The name, Elizabeth, was chosen,
in honor of Elizabeth Howard, consort of the
late Robert Howard, after whom the Encamp-
ment was named.

The exercises of institution being concluded,
the installation of officers into their respective
stations was conducted by the Grand Master and
assistants named above. The first officers were :
Noble Grand, W. L. Langton ; Vice Grand, E.
V. Piersol ; Secretary, Hattie Griffee ; Treasurer,
W. Dryfus.

The occasion was then rnade social by con-
gratulatory speeches, remarkable for the flow of
cheerful and fraternal sentiment, such as will long
be remembered by the participants. Prominent
among those who specially enlivened the occa-
sion was "old Governor," P.G., John Greiner,
noted for his wit, poetry and song. He wrote a
song entitled, the " Daughters of Rebecca," and
sang it on the occasion. A sirhple slab, with its
inscription, marks the place where the beloved
Patriarch sleeps ; but his memory is embalmed in
the hearts of the fraternity.

Isaac Piersol, another of the charter members,
untiring and zealous in the performance of duty,
has passed the portals whence no traveler re-
turns, and for whom the fraternity cherish fond
recollections.

Among the distinguished members who sur-
vive that day, is "Aunty Howard," widow of the
Patriarch, of Encampment fame. Bereft of her
most worthy companion, she leans, so to speak,
on [he arm of the fraternity, by whom she is es-
pecially honored. She is held to sustain the
same touching relation to the Sisters as did Sarah
of old to the mothers in Israel.

John W. Andrews, the present Treasurer,
who has been one of the principal supporters and
counsellors, seldom or never fails to attend
the meetings, although living several miles away.
His zeal commends itself to every member of the
fraternity, and inspires their devotion.

The present officers are : Noble Grand, Jacob
Strait ; Vice Grand, Mrs. Melissa Mechliii ; Re-
cording Secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth Bryan ; Treas-
urer, John W. Andrews. The meetings are held
in the Odd Fellows' Lodge room, on the second
and fourth Friday evenings of each month.

WooDL AWN Lodge, No. 228.T~Special Deputy,
Alexander Glenn, assisted by Past Grands, Thom-
as Durban, Robert Howard, and Henry Granger,
instituted this Lodge March i6th, 1854, the fol-
lowing Brothers appearing as charter members :
J. B. Erwin, Alexander Stewart, Nicholas Rem-
linger, Frederick Dietrich, G. F. Wiles, George
Wolford, N. K. Smith, Norman Dodge, John C.
Wilbur, Leroy S. Perry, G. F. Mervan, and
Richard B. Osmond.

Woodlawn took high rank as a working Lodge,
from its inception, gathering within its folds those
inspired with a lively zeal for good deeds.

The first officers were : Noble Grand, Freder-
ick Deitrich ; Vice Grand, J. B. Erwin ; Secre-
tary, G. F. Wiles ; Treasurer, G. F. Mervin.

Twenty-six years of history in the work of Be-
neA'olence, have enriched her members, in the
promulgation of her sacred teachings, and ex-
panded their charities, until the mantle has cov-
ered a multitude ; while time has wrinkled the
brow, and silvered the locks .of many yet with
us, and thinned the ranks by death, until the
warning that all must pass away is but too pain-
fully evident ; and amid this wreck, where, but
for the grand ministrations of Odd Fellowship,
all would have been gloom and desolation, is
found the fruits of her work, in comfort for the
widow and orphan, and the solace for the death
bed — of well done, thou good and faithful ser-
vant. It would be invidious, where so many
have been faithful, to institute comparison.
There are those, however, who have specially
signalized themselves for their energj' and zeal
in the' cause, as, for instance, the ven-
erable Past Grand, Francis R. Potts ;
his Hfe, he exemplified the fraternal

love inculcated by Odd Fellowship. Past
Grand, H. B. Taylor, who was seldom per-
mitted to be out of office, was noted for his legis-
lative ability, and the records show his zeal in
discharging his duties as an Odd Fellow.

"Though now entombed their mortal frauMS may lie,
That which so endeared them, shall never die."

There are man^' noble workers in this Lodge.
Of the charter members remaining, Past Grand,
Frederick Dietrich, G. F. Wiles, and Nicholas
Remlinger, deserve special mention for their un-
tiring devotion to the grand principles of the Or-
der; many years of service, have made these
dearer to them, and they, by their influence, have
implanted them in the breasts, of many who have
been led to the fold bj^ their example.

Of the initiated, John H. Drake, who was
among the first, has attained an enviable distinc-
tion for thorough acquaintance with Lodge busi-
ness, and the care with which he performs the
duties entrusted to him ; ability and zeal charac-
terize his efforts.

194

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

John W. Andrews, the present Representa-
tive, and Deputy Grand Master, of Muskingura
county, is one of the most zealous members of
the fraternity in this section of the State ; the
great cause of human brotherhood finds in him a
zealous and intelligent advocate.

The following comprise the list of the Past
Grands: F. Dietrich, G. F. Wiles, Perry
Wiles, N. R. Smith, E. A. Farquhar, Sr,, H.
Israel, J. H. Drake, A. R. Josselyn, N. Rem-
linger, J. S. Marcellus, Joseph Shaw, Joseph
Crooks, D. Hammelbach, S. C. Haver, J. A.
Parshall, M. F. Able, J. W. Andrews, H. Rat-
chfF, T. Berkshire, William Phillips, W. C.
Townsend, J. T. Palmer, and E. A. Farqu-
har, Jr.

The present officers are : N. G., James Cur-
tis ; V. G., J. P. Taylor ; Recording Secretary,
J. A. Parshall ; Permanent Secretary, John
Bowers ; Treasurer, Nicholas Remlinger ; Trus-
tees, Joseph Shaw, J. Marcellus and T. C. Berk-
shire.

During the twenty-six years of her existence,
Woodlawn Lodge has initiated two hundred and
nine members, and received thirty by card. The
present active membership is eighty-five.

The financial condition shows an investment of
$2,000 in good securities, and a widows'-and oi*-
phans' fund of $1,000, showing a healthy condi-
tion, and with the well known energy and fidel-
ity of her standard bearers, great things will con-
tinue to be done in the name of the Order.

Mechanics Lodge, I. O. O. F.,'No. 230 —
The charter was granted by the Grand Lodge,
in session in Circleville, Ohio, February, 1854.
Alex. V. Glenn, Grand Secretary, was deputized
to institute the new Lodge, in Zanesville, March
24, 1854. The following were the charter mem-
bers : M. Keyes, Lewis Slyder, Jacob Lyda,
William H. Christ, Thomas Griffith, William H.
Shaffer, R. S. Fairchild, John Kuhn, A. J.
Hahn, William L. Langton, and Frederick
Howell.

The Deputy Grand Master, assisted by Dis-
trict Deputy, Henry Granger, of Muskingum
Lodge, with other visiting brethren, instituted
Mechanics Lodge, No. 230, and installed the
officers, who were : Jacob Lyda, N. G. ; Lewis
Slyder, V. G. ; Frederick Howell, Secretary ;
William H. Shaffer, Treasurer.

Of the charter members, William H. Christ,
Lewis Slyder, A.J. Hahn. and J. Kuhn, have
passed "over the river."

The first initiated were John Drumm, James
P. Kimberly, and Henry Keonig ; the ceremony
took place on the night of the institution, by
special dispensation.

The following have served as Past Grands,
named in the order of their service : Jacob Ly-
der, Fred Howell, William L. Langton, George
Rishtine, William Woodside, John A. Arter,
Henry Bimple, William Leffler, Wolf Dryfus,
John J. James, Richard Fairchild, James Mcin-
tosh, Jacob Gigax, Zachariah Reed, John Mack,
Charles Claspill, Joseph L. Dryfus, William D.
Arter, Harvey Hubbell, Benjamin Fell, E. L.

Nosker, J. H. Coke, J. R. Moll, W. H. Toye,
B. S. Dryfus, John A. Morrow, George R.
Humphrey, J. S. Arter, Jacob Beiser, J. A.
Miner, John H. Best, M. Calhoon, S. Frank, W.
H. Mast, G. Suter, R. B. Brown, G. F. Hughes,
Charles Gigax and Dudley Waller.

The average amount paid out for sick benefits,
of late years, has been $250 per annum. The
average amount of current expenses,- including
the above, and relief of widows and orphans, and
burialof the dead, $800. The receipts from all
sources, an average of $1,000. The general
fund of the Lodge amounts to $3,545.98. The
widows' and orphans' fund, $546.67, invested
in good securities.

The officers are : Noble Grand, W. F. Amos ;
Vice Grand, Lewis H. Miller; Recording Sec-
retary, W. F. Miller; Permanent Secretary, J.
H. Coke ; Treasurer, W. Dryfus.

The latter officer was first elected in 1866, and
has been continued in office ; comment is unnec-
essary.

Trustees — W. L. Langton," George Rishtine,
R. B. Brown, B. S. Dryfus, John A. Morrow.

Mozart Lodge, No. 423. — At the session of
the Grand Lodge, held in May, 1869, application
was made by Brothers Fred. Geiger, O. A. Du-
vee, A. Shaum, Henry Koenig, C. Sunkle, Phil-
lip Muhl, Henry Roekel, Adam Young, Fred
Kappes, E. Dresher, William Derringer, J.
Baum, William Bick, and Henry Knoedler,aror
a charter for a Lodge, authorized to work in the
German" language. The petition was granted,
and on the 25th of June, of the same year. Spe- •
cial Deputy Grand Master, Henry Lindenberg,
of Columbus, assisted by P. G. Remlinger, of
Woodlawn Lodge, instituted Mozart Lodge,
No. 423, the petitioners appearing as charter
members.

The instituting officer, with his assistants, then
installed the following, being the first officers :

N. G., Ferdinand Hess ; V. G., Adam Young j
Secretary, O. A. Duvee ; Treasurer. F. Kappes..

This Lodge started under the encouraging
auspices of abundant material for good Odd Fel-
lows, being found among our German citizens.
And now, after eleven years' labor, with the
vicissitudes attendant on the affairs of men, hei"
active membership is eighty-four.

The ravages of death have been here, howev-
er, and from among those who kindled the fire
upon this altar of love. Brothers Duvee and
Young have passed — beyond the portals. But
their genial natures, and zeal in the cause of the
brotherhood, enshrine them in the memory of
every true Odd Fellow, and inspire him to emu-
late their virtues.

Of the remainder of this pioneer band, some
have become stalwarts in the cause. Among
these, remaining with the Lodge are, Geiger,
Schaum, Hess, Muhl, Kappes, Derringer, Sun-
kle, and Zinsmeister, to whose exertions the
successful growth of Mozart (the first German
Lodge in this section of the State) is due.

The substantial character of her work may be

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

195

inferred from the following exhibit of her finan-
cial condition :

Cash on hand in the General Fnnd $ 325 36

Amount of investments 925 00

Total assets $1,250 36

The Past Grands are : Ferdinand Hess, Fred
Geiger, C. Brendel, J. Zinsmeister, D. Lauter-
bach, William Derringer, H. Mueller, A. L.
Peirch, P. C. Shueback, Phillip Muhl, F. Zu-
landt, Phillip Huffman, J. Baum, Peter Dick,
William Klinge, M. Nye, F. Lauterbacker, and
C. Sunkle.

The present officers are:- Noble Gi-and, C.
Gaertner ; Vice-Grand, F. Brocker ; Recording
Secretary, S. Levi ; Permanent Secretary, J.
Lensmeister ; Treasurer, F. Hess ; Trustees : R.
H. Roekel, L. Frank, Peter Dick, Fred Geiger,
and P. Shuck.

HOWARD ENCAMPMENT.

"The Encampment." — In every Order there
are differences in the capacities of the member-
ship, for enjoyment, just as in society, outside ;
and we find a disposition to gratify these devel-
oped in proportion to the numibers whose views
on the subject are in accord, and desire to give
abundance of time to the work. The first work
of this kind in Zanesville was inaugurated by
Pataskala Encampment, No. 8, instituted by
P^riarch, Albert G. Day, Grand Senior Warden
of Ohio, March 31st, 1845.

The following were the charter members, and
also the first officers : Elias Pike (C; P.), John
Burns (H. P.), Silvers Porter (S. W.), John R.
Johnson (J. W.), J. T. Fracker, Jr., (Scribe),
Robert Howard (Treasurer), Lambert Thomas
(Guardian).

The following Brothers were initiated the same
night: George B. Reeve, A. C. Ross, Edward
Davis, John Metcalf, and Moses Keys.

This Encampment continued to grow until the
year 1853, when the following brethren made ap-
plication for a charter for another Encampment :
T. L. Fracker, C. C. Russell, Joseph Crosby,
Ed. W. Cox, George W. Graham, J. A. Buck-
master, William R. Hazlett, S. G. McBride,
Thomas Durban, and A. W. Perley.

The charter was granted to the new Encamp-
ment under the name of Walhonding, No. 55,
which was instituted June 9th, 1853, by Grand
Patriarch, Thomas J. McLain. Its first officers
■were: C. P., Thomas Durban; H. P., W. R.
Hazlett; S. W., C. C. Russell; J. W., G. W.
Graham ; Scribe, Joseph Crosby ; Treasurer, A.
W. Perley ; Guardian, T. L. Fracker.

The following brethren were admitted on card,
the same night: S. Porter, William Hall, D.
JMcCarthy, and R. S. Mershon. The following
were initiated and admitted to full fellowship :
John C. Hazlettt, William Laughlin, and Frank
Fracker.

These two Encampments did not prosper as
"was expected, and after four years' labor became
satisfied that there was not material enough for

the support of two bodies, and decided to sur-
render their charters and make application to
the Grand Encampment of the State, for a char-
ter for a new one. The Encampment, under the
following name, was then chartered :

Howard Encampment, No. 79. — Chartered
on the 2d day of July, 1858, and was instituted
by Grand Patriarch, T. C. Cowan, the following
Patriarchs appearing as charter members : Rob-
ert Howard, E. H. Church, Thomas Durban, E.
L. Grigsby, Lewis Slyder, G. D. Gibbons, Fred-
erick Howell, W. J. Griffiths, John Breymyer,
W. H. Thomas, M. S. Thomas, S. G. McBride,
N, K. Smith, J. Wilber, William Forgraves,
William Dunn, Charles Simmons, William Def-
fenbaugh, F. M. Hollister, William Bick, W.
J. Woodside, Peter Helrick, Alexander Clark,
J. v.. Smeltzer, Thomas Drake, W. R. Hazlett,
J. T. Fracker, J. R. Winegarner, John Stone,
D. B. Gray, Peter Dick, James M. Feeters, W.
S. Wells, and Amos Hollingsworth.

The first officers were : C. P., Robert Howard ;
H. P., Thomas Durban ; S. W., George D. Gib-
bons ; J. W., Lewis Slyder ; Scribe, W. R. Haz-
lett; Treasurer, E. S. Gi-igsby.

At the first meeting, after the institution, six-
ty-five members of the two old Encampments
were admitted, and the prosperity of Howard
Encampment affirms the wisdom of uniting the
two old Encampments. Since the union, four
hundred and twenty-five members have been re-
ceived, including charter members ; two hundred
and forty-six have been lost by death, cards, and
forfeitures ; the present membership is one hun-
dred and seventy-nine.

It is with becoming pride that the brotherhood,
in and out of the Encampment, cherish the mem-
ory of the Patriarchs who have passed over the
river ; and aS we value the lessons of their lives,
we do well to throw our fraternal arms around
such Patriarchs as W. R. Hazlett, who has
spent a large part of his life in the Order, and is
particularly identified with the Encampment.
Made an Odd Fellow in Moxahala Lodge, No.
144, in 1850, passed the chairs, joined Pataskala
Encampment, June 19, 1852, elected Represent-
ative to the Grand Encampment of Ohio, in 1854,
and has been a representative or officer in that
body every succeeding session, and, in 1860-61,
elected Grand High Priest, in 1872-73, Grand
Patriarch of the State, and in 1875, elected Rep-
resentative to the Grand Lodge of the United
States, and filled that position until 187^, when
he was re-elected, the term expiring m 1881.
The Worthy Scribe of Howard Encampment, in
his service of twenty-two years in that responsi-
ble office, has endeared the fraternity to him, as,
perhaps, few men in America could ; and his in-
fluence has become a power for good. Wherever
Encampment work is known, the name of Haz-
lett is recognized as authority.

Intimately associated with the career of this be-
loved brother is the lamented Robert Howard.
He was one of Nature's noblemen. Next to the
beloved partner of his bosom, he loved the Broth-

196

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO,

erhood, and particularly the Encampment. He
ever exemplified the sublime principles taught by
the fraternity ; the practice of them rendered
purer his spiritual life. He passed quietly away,
June i8th, 1867, full of love and ripe in years.
There are other bright lights, whose great moral
influence still illumines our pathway, as we jour-
ney to meet them in the " Svyeet bye and bye ;"
among these are, Thomas Durban, and Lewis
Slyder, who were particularly zealous in the cause
of brotherly love.

The present officers are as follows: W. H.
Smallwood, Chief Patriarch ; R. B. Brown, Sen-
ior Warden; S. Stockdale, Junior Wai-den ;
George D. Gibbons, High Priest ; W. R. Haz-
lett. Scribe, and W. Dryfus, Treasurer.

The Past Chief Patriarchs are : W. R. Haz-
lett, George D. Gibbons, E. H. Church, Samuel
D. McBride, G. W. Griffee„C. Simmons, W, H.
Deffenbaugh, C. B. Gray, W. B. Hubbell, John
Gerrick, J. J. Arter, E. L. Grigsby, Henry Gran-
ger, E. P. Moorehead, M. Richnian, J. Brid-
well, Zachariah Reed, Thomas Drake, D. M.
Coultrap, F. M. HolHster, Thomas Crippen, J.
S. Marcellus, Jacob Lyda, L. M. Sloan, G. W.
Ebert, H. Shrimpton, J. A. Morrow, Frederick
Dietrich, G. R. Bostwick, W. H. Minter, W. L.
Langton, M. H; Fountain, I. V. Wing, David
Stewart, J. R. Moll, W, S. Harlan, J. C. Tay-
lor, John Mack, Charles Niemeyer, W. S. Bell,
T. D. McCaddon, W. H. Mast, Louis F. Smith,
and Frederick Ehman.

The present membership is one hundred and
seventy-nine. The Encampment has expended
$5,916.00, for the relief of members, and has
safely invested $3,600.00, with a surplus fund in
cash, on hand, of $475.10; making a grand to-
tal of $9,991.10.

The place of meeting is in " Odd Fellows'
Hall," Lodge room. The present Most Worthy
Grand Master, H. P. Gravatt, is succeeded in
the office of Most Worthy Grand Master of the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows of the State
of Ohio, by W. R. Hazlett, who was elected in
December last, and will be installed. May 12th,
proximo. This is the first time that Southeastern
Ohio, has been thus honored ; and it is cei^tainly
a well-deserved compliment ; one that the Odd
Fellows of Zanesville, and the Muskingum Val-
ley, feel particularly proud of, and a promotion
that reflects credit on the fraternity throughout
the State.

ODD fellows' beneficial ASSOCIATION.

The following is the Twelfth Annual Report
of the Odd Fellows' Beneficial Association, of
Muskingum Valley, Ohio, which was organized
April 26, 1869, and incorporated March 12, 1873.
The incorporators were Hon. John Greiner, E,
P. Moorehead, H. B. Taylor, R. B. Osmond,
George Rishtine, J. J. James, W. R. Hazlett,
and James D. Ford.

Officers for 1881 — George Rishtine, President ;
J. A. Parshall, Vice-President; William S- Har-
lan, Treasurer ; W. R. Hazlett, Secretary.

Trustees for 1881— M. V. Gates, W. S. Har-

lan, G. W. Ebert, Muskingum Lodge, No. 28;
William R. Hazlett, Theodore D. McCaddon,
R. G. Lewman, Moxahala Lodge, No. 44; J.

A. Parshall, J. W. Andrews, W. E. Nesbaum,
Woodlawn Lodge, No. 228 ; George Rishtine,
Wolf Dryfus, John A. Morrow, Mechanics
Lodge, No. 230; A. J. Schauni, J. Zinsmeister,
Peter Dick, Mozart Lodge, No. 423.

RESIDENT, TKUSTEES FOB 1881.

George L. Conn Jefferson

M. K. Marshall., Golumbia

Worley Adams Valley

W. M. Cline Huron

Joshua Josselyn Summit

B. L. Wigginton : Eingold

T. L.Elwell. Eural

James H. Colvig ;. Barnesville

I. N. Knowlton Cumberland

Elchard Millikan Temple

NealM. Beckley New Lexington

Thomas E. McKisson Belmont

J. D. Rex Woodgrove

W. H. H. Mcllyar Cambridge

Martin Adams Fostoria

P. H. Shough Somerset

Daniel Logee Anderson

Fritz Eeef Woodsfield

Lewis Haag Star

Wolcott Chaffee Portage

J. T. Sivalls Elmore

C. E. Buchanan .-. Lewisville

Will W. Messerly Clarington

James A. Palmer.. Coolville

Samuel Cockrill Taylorsville

H. H. Wolf Haydenviile

S. S. McFarland Gem

J. C. Stone Eacine

E. M. Donnelly Whitney

John C. Thompson Helena

W. F. Johnston Miltonsburg

W. S. Van Horn Centerton

Isaac Starkey ; Powhatan

George J. White Centennial

Charles Barth McPherson

W. Petersons Acme

Ed. McDade : Letart

Philip Darby Wheeling, W. Va.

C. W. Butler Mechanics

secretary's report.

Zanesville, O., April 29, 1881.

I present herewith the Twelfth Annual Report
of this Association, and in doing so it gives me
pleasure to inform you that the year just closing
has been one of unprecedented prosperity, not
only financially, but also in the increase of mem-
bers, and in the small number of deaths we have
had.

During the existence of this Association, the
sum of $72,950.00 has been distributed among
the heirs of its deceased members, at a total cost
to the insured of $2,751.75.

This large amount has been collected, and ex-
pended, at a comparative small cost, and few
have suff'ered even temporary inconvenience by
the amount they have contributed. '

It may be urged by some who have paid their
assessments for a time and then forfeited their
membership, that thej' have lost just that amount.
That is a great error, for they were protected
while paying, and no member has ever paid
more than the actual cost of his insurance.

Lodge

. 6

((

157

185

•'

200

227

241

277

288

301

305

352

366

377

((

398

406

462

498

525

527

534

541

Ao2

Sbo

589

592

601

607

616

626

637

676

690

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

197

The world is beginning to realize that Life In-
surance in some form is more than a luxury, and
are securing it as one of the wise requirements
of the future. The only question is, where to
get it? Our Association proposes to give it to
its members at the lowest possible cost. There- ■
fore, brothers, let me ask that you will, each of
you, realize that it is your duty to contribute, as
an active agent- in behalf of our Association, in
increasing the membership and advancing its
interests.

Our death loss the past year, has been but
seven in Class A, and one in Class B, and our
loss by forfeiture, but eighteen in both Classes.

We have a surplus in the Expense Fund, for
the purpose of paying return assessments, of
$13,665.70, and in the Beneficial Fund, of $1,-
712.00, and $14,854.30 of this amount is invest-
ed and drawing interest.

Below I present a statement showing the re-
ceipts and expenditures for the past year, to-
gether with other tables, that will give you a full
knowledge of its condition :

BiI.ANCE ON HAND.

Balance in Treasury, AprilSO, 1880, Class A $ 720 27

" "■■ " ;' " " B 2i6 27

KECETPTS.

Class A —

Beneficial i^und— Assessment No. 68 $1,056 00

" 69 1,071 00

" " 70.. 1,068 00

« " " 71 1,075 00

" 72 1,077 00

" " 73 1,072 00

" 74. 1076 00

Membership 71 00

Class A^

Expeme Fund. — Assessment No. fi8 264 00

" " 69 2iB7 75

" " 70 ■;. 267 00

" ' '< 71 268 75

" « 72 269 25

" 73 268 00

"• 74 269 00

Membership 71 00

I nterest Account 692 33

Rent Account 43-50

School Bond Paid.. 375 00
Class B— . .

■ Beneficial Fund— Assessment No. 8.... ... 119 00

Membership , l3 00

Class B—

ETspense Fund — Assessment No. 8 29 75

Membership 20 00— 10,803 33

$11,739 87

EXPENDITURES.

Class A —
Paid Fannie Russell, Assessment No. 68.. .$1,063 -00
" Mrs. P. McMnlkin, " " 69... 1,061 00

" Lewis Hutchins, " " 70... 1,055 00

" Wm.S. Carson, " " " 71... 1,048 00

" L.L.Ra;ymond's heirs " " 72... I,0i7 00

" Mrs. Casper Yockey " " 73... 1,053 00

" Samuel H. Antell, " " 74... 1,014 00

Class B—

Paid Robinson's heirs " ", 8... 127 00

Rent ; 100 00

Printing 82 26

Postage, Coal, Gas, Commission, &0.. 261 41

Secretary's Salary 242 31

Treasurer's Salary 25 00

United States Bonds 3,0()0 00

Premiums on same 67 50—11,216.47

Balance on hand 523 40

$11,739 87

MEMBERSHIP.

No. of members in Class A, April 30, 1880... 1,057
", received since that date 71

1,128

No. lost by death 7

" " " forfeiture 16—23

Present membership in Class A... 1,105

No. of Members in Class B, April 30, 1880.. 121

" received since that date 13

134

No. lost by death 1

" " " forfeiture 2 —3

Present Membership of Class B... 131

W. R. Hazlett, Secretary.

treasurer's report.

To the Members of Odd Fellow^ Beneficial Association of Muskingum
Valley :
Brothees — Herewith I submit my Annual Report of Re-
ceipts and Expenditures of the Association for the year ending
April 29th, 1881 :

DE.

Balance from last year $ 936 54

^Received during the year, as follows:

From Assessments $9,517 50

" Membership '. .-... 175 00

" Interest on Investments 692 33

" Rent of desk room in office 43 50

" Jackson Tp. Bond redeemed 375 00

Total receipts from all sources $10,803 33

$11,739 87

CB.

Amount paid heirs of deceased members $7,438 00

Office rent 100 00

Printing assessment notices, &c 82 25

Postage and commission collecting asses'ts 261 41

Salary of Secretary 242 31

Salary of Treasurer.! 25 00

Invested in United States Bonds 3,000 00

Premium on same 97 50

Balance on haitd at close of year, deposited

in First National Bank 523 40

$li,739 87
Respectfully submitted,

W. S. HAEiiAN, Treasurer.

ANNUAL MEETING.

At the annual meeting of the members of the As-
sociation, held April 29, 1881, the amendments to
the Laws, which were offered One year since by
brothers Shaw and Hazlett, were laid' on the
table, not to be taken therefrom without six
months notice being given in writing to the
Board of Trustees, prior to the annual meeting
at which they would be acted upon.

The following amendment, offei-ed by brother
Hazlett, was unanimously adopted :

Amendment at the close of Section 2, Article
14, the following : ' 'Except, that when a brother
is a member of both a Subordinate Lodge and
Encampment, and his Subordinate Lodge shall
become extinct, and who, by reason of age. or
infirmity, cannot successfully apply for member-
ship in another Subordinate Lodge — upon his
obtaining a Grand Lodge Card from the Grand
Secretary of his jurisdiction — such a brother
shall be "entided to retain his rnembership in this
Association so long as he retains his member-
ship in his Encampment, and pays all assess-
ments due from him to this Association."-

198

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

LIST OF DECEASED MEMBERS AND BENEFITS PAID.

NAMES.

NAME AND NUMBER
OF LODGE.

DATE OF
ADMISSION.

DATE

OF
DEATH.

AM'T

PAID BY

DRC'D

AM'T FROM

BENEFICIAl.

FUND.

AMOUNT

FROM

EX. FUND

TOTAL

BENEFITS

PAID.

AGE

DEATH.

Recapitulation

Charles C. Russell

Thomas McMulkin

■

67 Assessments to April 30,
Moxahala, No. 144

1880 .... * ...

$2,293 00

82 75
78 25
70 75
62 00
23 25
68 25
19 50

863,105 00

1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00

81,666 00

63 00
61 00
55 00
48 00
17 00
63 00
14 00

864,771 00
1,063 00
1,061 00
1,055 00
1,048 00
1,017 00
1,053 00
1,014 00

July 8, 1871
May 9, 1873
Jan. 22, 1876
Aug. U, 1876
Mar. 8, 1879
Jan. 28, 1876
Jun. 18, 1879

June, 4, i880
Sept. lu, 1880
Oct. 8, 1880
Dec. 8, 1880
Dec. 23, 1880
Deo. 31, 1880
Feb. 2, 1881

Moxahala, No. 144

HaydeiivUle, No. 541

Cambridge, No. 301

70
71

Lewis Hutchins

William S. Carson

L. L. Raymond

Casper Yokey

Samuel H. Antill

Portage. No. 456

73
74

Miltonsburgh, No. 601

Bright Eyes, No. 670

42
39

Totals for Class A

*2,697 75

45 75
8 25

870,105 00

722 00
122 00

81,997 00

19 00
5 00

872,082 00

741 00
127 00

Recapitulation
W. A. Robinson

7 Assessments to April 80,
Letort, No. 690

1880

July 15, 1876

May " 30^ 1880

Totals for Class B

854 00

8844 00

824 00

<!868 00

REPORT OF THE AUDITING COMMITTEE.

To the Officers and Members of the O. F. B.
A., of Muskingum Valley:
Your Committee appointed to audit the books
of the Secretary and Treasurer of the Associa-
tion, have attended to that duty. We have ex-
amined the books, accounts and vouchers of said
officers, and found them correct. And would
further report that we find the books of both the
Secretary and Treasurer kept in a thorough
and business like manner.

Respectfully submitted,

G. W. Ebert,
Wolf Dryeus,
John A. Morrow.
Committee.
Zanesville, Ohio, April 22, 1881.

LAWS AND regulations.

Article I — Name. — This association shall be
known as "The Odd Fellows' Beneficial Asso-
ciation of Muskingum Valley, Ohio," and its
object shall be the creation and perpetuation of
a fund, for the relief of the widows and orphans
or devisees of its members, in such manner as
may be prescribed by its laws.

Article II — .Salifications for Membership.
— A member in good standing of any regularly
instituted Subordinate Lodge of the I. O. O. F.
desirous to become a member of this Association,
shall present a petition to the Board of Trustees,
setting forth his age, occupation, residence,
name, number and location of the Lodge to
which he belongs, and he shall be required to
answer such questions as shall be furnished by
this Association, certified to by the Noble Grand
and Secretary of his Lodge ; and agreement
that he will obey the Laws and Regulations of
the Association ; which petition shall be recom-
mended by two members of the Association, and
have attached thereto the certificate of the Per-
manent Secretary of his Lodge, that the petition-
er is in good standing therein, and clear of all
charges, of whatever kind. Upon the presenta-
tion of such petition, the Board of Trustees shall
proceed to consider the same, and vote thereon,
and it shall require a majority vote of the Board

of Trustees present, to elect said petitioner to
membership.

Article III — Officers. — The officers of the
Association shall consist of a Board of Trustees,
composed as follows : From each Lodge repre-
sented in the Association, there shall not be more
than three Trustees, elected annually on the
night of the first meeting in April, of each
Lodge, by the members of this Association, be-
longing to said Lodge.

Article IV — Trustees. — ^The Board of Trus-
tees shall organize by electing from their own
number a President, Vice President, Secretary
and Treasurer ; and such Trustees and Officers
as elected, shall constitute an official Board for
the transaction of all the business of the Asso-
ciation, not otherwise provided for. They may
make rules for their government, not inconsistent
with these laws.

Article V — Powers of Trustees. — The Board
of Trustees shall have power to fill all vacancies
(temporary or permanent) that may occur in
their body, by electing a member of the Associa-
tion from the Lodge to which the vacating Trus-
tee belonged.

Article VI. .^orum. Time and Place of
Meeting of Trustees. — ^The Board of Trustees
shall meet on the second and fourth Fridays in
each month, in the Odd Fellows' Hall, or such
place in Zanesville as the Trustees may decide,
for the transaction of business, and may also be
convened whenever the President is of the
opinion that the interests of the Association re-
quire it, or at the request of four Trustees. Five
Trustees shall constitute a quorum, and in the
absence of any officer, the Board of Trustees
shall appoint an officer ^ro tern, for the meeting.
Article VII — Executive Committee. — The
President, Secretary and Treasurer, shall be an
Executive Committee, whose duty it shall be to
audit all accounts against the Association, and
manage the finances in such a manner as the
Board of Trustees may direct and approve.

Article VIII — Duties of President and

Vice President. — Sec. I. The President shall

preside at the meetings of the Board of Trustees.

He shall see that the Laws and Regulations of

the Association are faithfully executed, and per-

HISTORY FO MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

199

form all other duties regularly appertaining to
his office.

Sec. 2. The duties of Vice President are to
perform the duties of the President, during the
absence or disability of the President.

Article IX — Duties of Secretary. — The
Secretary shall keep a record of all the transac-
tions of the Board of Trustees. He shall keep
all the books of accounts, and receive all
moneys due the' Association, giving his receipt
therefor. He shall pay all moneys in his posses-
.sion, belonging to the association, to the.
Treasurer, taking his receipt therefor. He shall
keep a register of the members of the Associa-
tion, in such form as the Board of Trustees may'
direct ; and cause all notices to be served upon
the members, that may be required. He shall
make an annual report of the transactions
and the financial condition of the Association
to the members at the annual meetings of the
Association, and perform such other duties as
may be required of him by the Board of Trus-
tees. He shall receive such compensation for
his services as the Board of Trustees may deter-
mine, and shall give such bond as the Board of
Trustees may require.

Article X — Duties of Treasurer. — The
Treasurer shall receive all moneys belonging to
the Association from the Secretary, giving his
receipt therefor ; and paj'^ all orders di-awn on
him by the President and Secretary. He shall
m'kke an annual report of the receipts and ex-
penses of the Association, and perform such
other duties as may be required of him by the
Board of Trustees. He shall give such bond as
may be required by the Board of Trustees for all
moneys that may be entrusted to his keeping.

Article XI — A-p-plications for Membership.
— Sec. I. The fee for admission in this Associa-
tion, in Class A, shall be two dollars, and no one
shall in future be admitted into said class if over
forty-five years old ; and not more than 1,200
persons shall hold membership in this class at the
same time, and not more than $1 ,000 shall be paid
from the Beneficial Fund on the death of any
member of said class.

Sec. 2. The fee for admission in this Associa-
tion, in Class B, shall be as follows : When the
applicant is under fifty years of age, two dollars ;
if over fifty and under fifty-five, three dollars ; if
over fifty-five and under sixty, four dollars, (and
no person shall be received who is over sixty
years of age) ; which money, if the applicant is
elected, shall be applied as follows : One dollar
to the Beneficial Fund, and the balance to the
Expense Account.

Article XII — Assessments. — It is mutually
and faithfully agreed by each member of this As-
sociation to pay to the Secretary, one dollar at
the death of a member who is entitled to benefits,
to be applied to the Beneficial Fund, and twen-
ty-five cents, to be applied to the Expense Fund.

Article XIII — Benefits. — Upon the death of
a member of the Association who is entitled to
benefits, the Secretary shall immediately charge
each member with an assessment of one dollar

and twenty-five cents, and cause the following
notice to be served upon each member who may
be indebted to the Association, after such charge
is made :

"You are hereby notified that by the death of

, a member of this Association, of

Class ...., who was entitled to benefits, an assess-
ment of one dollar and tvyenty-five cents is charg-
ed to your account, as provided for by the laws
of the Association ; and that you are not entitled
to any participation in the Beneficial Fund, un-
less silich assessment is paid within thirty days of
date of such notice.

" , Secretary."

Which notice, deposited in the postoffice to his
last known address, or sent to the resident trus-
tee of his Lodge, shall be deemed sufficient on
the part of the trustees. If said assessment shall
not be paid within thirty days from, the date of
said notice, said member shall thereby foi'feit his
membership in the Association without action of
the trustees.

Article XIV — Arrearages. — Sec. i. Any
member of this Association, dropped or expelled
from his Lodge, or in arrears for an assessment
made upon him, forfeits his membership, and all
moneys he may have previously paid to the As-
sociation. And to obtain membership again, he
must pursue the same course and pay the same
fee as though he were a new applicant. And it
shall require a two- thirds vote of the Board of
Trustees present to elect him to membership.

Sec. 2. Should a member of this Association
withdraw from his Lodge by withdrawal card,
his membership in the Association shall not be
affected thereby for six months irom the date of
his withdrawal card, provided he pays all assess-
ments, from time to time made upon him by the
Association ; and should such member deposit
his final card before the expiration of six months,
with any Lodge, such member shall continue to be
entitled to all the rights and privileges of the As-
sociation, provided he furnishes a certificate from
the Secretary of said Lodge, imder the seal, that
he has become a member thereof, showing that
he is a member in good standing, and clear of all
indebtedness to said Lodge. But if such mem-
ber fails to deposit his card within the time speci-
fied, then his membership in the Association
shall cease, except, that when a brother is a
member of both a Subordinate Lodge and En-
campment, and his Subordinate Lodge shall be-
come extinct, and who, by reason of age or in-
firmity, cannot successfully apply for member-
ship in another Subordinate Lodge — upon his
obtaining a Grand Lodge Card from the Grand
Secretary of his jurisdiction — such brother shall
be entitled to retain his membership in this Asso-
ciation, so long as he retains his membership in
his Encampment, and pays all assessments due
from him to this Association.

Article XV — Benefits. — Sec i. Upon the
death of a member of this Association, of Class
A, who is entitled to benefits, the President and
Secretary shall draw an order on the Treasurer,
payable out of the Beneficial Fund, for a sum

200

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

representing one dollar for each and every mem-
ber of said Class, not in arrears for any assess-
ment ; provided, always, that said amount shall
not exceed $i,ooo, and also one dollar for each
assessment said deceased member paid into
the Association, to be paid out of the Expense
Fund.

Sec. 2. Upon the death of a member of this
Association, of Class B, who is entitled to ben-
efits, the President and Secretary shall draw an
order, payable out of the Beneficial Fund^ for a
sum representing one dollar for each an^ every
member of said Class B in the Association, not
in arrears for any assessment, and also one dol-
lar for each assessment said deceased member
paid into the Association, to be paid out of the
Expense Fund.

Sec. 3. The order shall be made payable to
the widow, children, mother, father, sister or
brother of such deceased member, and in the or-
der named, if not otherwise directed by the mem-
ber previous to death. If such deceased member
shall leave neither of the above named relatives,
nor any directions for the payment of the ben-
efits, then the Board of Trustees shall dispose of
the benefits as they think best.

Article XVI — Annual Meeting. — An annual
meeting of the members of this Association shall
be held on the last Friday in April, each year,
for the transaction of such business as may come
before the meeting, in accordance with the laws
of this Association. At such meeting ten mem-
bers shall constitute a quorum.

Article 'XV1\^— Amendments . — Amendments
to these Laws and Regulations may be offered
by any member, at any meeting of the Associa-
tion, for consideration ; and if three-fourths of the
members present at such meeting vote in favor
thereof, such amendment shall be declared adop-
ted.

GRAND UNITED ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS.

Guiding Star Lodge, No. 1880, was organ-
ized in Zanesville, July 30, 1878, by the follow-
ing officers of Amity Lodge, Cambridge, Ohio :
John Norman, N. F. ; D. D. Williamson, P. S. ;
Samuel WoOden, V. G.

The following were the first officers appointed,
and installed the same evening : Charles H. Saw-
yer, N. F. ; Elisha Guy, N. G. : John H. Har-
graves, V. G. ; Enoch Harper, P. S. ; John Bar-
nett, E. S. ; George W. Johnson, Sr., W. T. ;
Moses Green, P, N. G. ; William Prin, Chap-
lain; Richard Barnett, R. H. Supporter to N.
G. ; Alonzo Doles, L. H. Supporter to N. G. ;
Robert Giles, R. H. Supporter to V. G. ; Wil-
liam Hardy, G. H. Supporter to V. G., and Geo,
Quales, Warden.

This organization has the following dispensa-
tion :

The Grand United Order of Odd Fello-Ws- —
Friendly Society:

To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : Be it knOWU,

that, application having been made to the Commit-
tee of Management, England, by the sub-Commit-

tee of Management, America, for permission to
open a New Branch, at Zanesville, State of Ohio,
under the title of the Guiding Star Lodge, No.
1880, this Dispensation is hereby granted by the
Committee of Management, to the above named
sub-Committee, to open such New Branch, or
Lodge, accordingly, and that the same shall be
enrolled, acknowledged and received, as a branch
of the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows.
Now, therefore, I, the Grand Master of the above
named Order, by authority of the Committee of
Management, do hereby certify and declare said
Lodge to be a lawful Lodge of this Order, and
that a bond of union be granted to the members
thereof, and the society hereby binding them-
selves, and the said Lodge, in strong friendship
and union, together, assuring them of the protec-
tion of the Committee of Management, so long
as the laws of the Order shall be observed and
kept.

Given under our hands and seals, this 4th day
of March, in the year of our Lord, 1878.
John Holly, Grand Master.
George Marshall, Deputy G. M.
William Linsey, Grand Secretary.

We, the undersigned, being the sub-Commit-
tee of Management, America, hereby grant this
Dispensation, to open the above named Lodge,
and hereby assure the said Lodge of our protec-
tion, so long as the laws of the Order and the
sub-Committee of Management are observed and
kept.

Given under our hands and seals, this 8th day
of July, A. D. 1878.

R. Fauset, Grand Master.

W. C. H. Curtis, Deputy G. M.

D. B. Bowser, Grand Secretary.

rAll duly sealed.]

The present officers, elected and installed the
first Monday in March, 1881, are :

George W. Qpales, N. F. ; Thornton M. Tate>
N. G. ; William L. Smith, V. G. ; George A.
Pointer, E. S. ; Enoch Harper, P. S. ; JuliusPay-
ton, W. C, ; George W. Johnson, Sr., W. T. ;
George W. Steel, P. N. G. ; John Parker, W.
W. ; C. A. Hogans, I. G. ; George Weeks, R.
H. Supporter to N. G. ; Edward Mulford, L. H-
Supporter to N. G. ; Alonzo Deleo, R. H. Sup-
porter to V. G. ; Augustus Carlisle, L. H. Sup-
porter to V. G.

The following sketch is from the Annual Re-
port of the proceedings, at Richmond, Virginia,
October, 1880, pp. 72-73 : " It has been asserted
that this body is independent and sovereign,
whose decisions are final and irrevocable. That
opinion is not only erroneous, but it is in conflict
with past experience. It is neither independent
nor sovereign, except by sufferance of the great
fountain head, in England. Our brethren across
the waters, in delegating to us the power to man-
age our own affairs, declare, in the Warrant from
the Committee of Management, in England, un-
der date of December 19th, 1843, our subordina-
tion, and that we can only have their aid and
support 'so long as the laws of the Order shall
be observed and kept.' The laws referred to are

This cut represents
the locatioQ of the
largest and oldest
Drug Store in East-
ern Ohio. The store
was founded by Da-
vid Maginnis, about
1840, who retired a
few years after on ac-
count of ill health,
■ and the business
passed in succession
to W. A. Graham,
then Graham & Co.,
afterwards Graham,
Bailey & Co., until
1880. when Willis
Bailey and J. D. Por-
ter, who had been in
the store from their
boyhood, and had for
ten years previous to
1880 almost entire
management of the
business, purchased
the entire Graham in-
terest and changed the
firm name to Bailey &
Porter. For many
years the store was
located at 144 Main
street, but a year af-
ter the purchase of
the Graham interest
and good will by Bai-
ley & Porter, they
went from that loca-
tion on account of W.
A. Graham (the own-
er of the building),
who desired his son
might reap the ben-
efit of the old and well
established stand.
They removed to 94
Main street, but that
room proving entirely
too small for their
large stock, they have
recently leased the
above spacious build-
ing, No. 172 Main
street, which, with the large warehouse in the
rear, gives them ample facilities for their im-
mense business. There has been some controversy
as to who are the successors of Graham, Bailey &
Co. Bailey & Porter are the only legitimate
successors of the old firm. During the years of

the war the busi-
ness was rapidly in-
creased by carrying a
large stock, buying for
cash, and employing
active travelers, who
regularly visited the
towns in Southeast-
ern Ohio. The busi-
ness became the larg-
est of the kind in
this part of the State.
After the war the
business went stead-
ily forward, and dur-
ing the dark days of
the financial panic of
1873, when banks
and business houses
all over the country
failed, closed and
compromised their
obligations, their
business progressed
if no financial
crisis had occurred.
They can point with
pride to their record,
and aie now one of
the oldest, if not the
oldest, business house
in Zanesville.

They now carry a
stock of over fifty
thousand dollars, em-
bracing all kinds of
imported and domes-
tic drugs, chemicals,
paints, colors, dye
stuffs, proprietary
medicines, etc., and
employ twelve per-
sons, all of whom are
thoroughly compe-
tent for their respect-
ive positions.

The success of the
present firm is largely
due to their prompt
and polite attention
to customers, strict
integrity, and a con-
scientious regard for the quality of the drugs and
medicines dispensed. The high reputation they
enjoy as Prescription Druggists show that their
efibrts are appreciated by the citizens of Mus-
kingum and adjoining counties.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

20 1

the fundamental principles of this Order, and the
judge of our conduct is the constituted authorities
of our great Order in England, from whom we
derive our existence. Our subordination was
transparent, when, in 1849, ^^ the annual meet-
ing, held in Hartford, Connecticut, the sub-Com-
mittee was removed from New York to Philadel-
phia. At that period of our existence, the min-
utes of our A. M. C. were sent to England for
confirmation, when the Committee of Manage-
ment, at Leeds, ran its pen across the action,
changing the place of meeting of the S. C. M. to
Philadelphia, and ordered the meetings to be
held in the city of New York. An appeal was
taken from the decision of the Committee of
Management, to the A. M. C, in England, the
highest authority of our Order, which assembled
at Bradford, inthe County ofYork, onWhit-Mon-
day, 1850, which overruled the decision of the
Committee of Management, and sustained the ac-
tion.of our A. M. C, at Hartford, in removing our
S. C. M. to Philadelphia. Again, when, by prop-
osition, from Eastern Star Lodge, No. 1028, of
Washington City, which was passed by the A. M.
C, held at Petersburg, in this State, in 1869, it was
enacted that ' the P. G. M. Councils, when and
wherever organized, shall be known and styled
as the Grand Lodge of the Grand United Order
of Odd Fellows in America : that it should be in-
vested with power to hear and determine ques-
tions' and complaints concerning Lodges ; that it
should sit as a high court of appeal, to finally de-
termine individual cases, and that each Council
should exercise supervisory jurisdiction over the
subordinate Lodges in their several communities.'
This proposition, passed by the Petersburg A. M.
C. , never went into operation , because the Commit-
tee of Management, in England, declared it con-
trary to. law. Whenever we transcend the au-
thority delegated to us, or mar the symmetry of
our Order by unwarrantable action, we shall
find ourselves confronted with a veto power,
which we are in honor bound to respect and ob-
serve."

From the report of the thirty-fourth annual
meeting, held at Little Rock, Arkansas, in Oc-
tober, 1879, ^^ appears that the first Lodge in
America was numbered 646, opened in 1843, in
New York City, called Philomathean, and was
represented at • this grand convocation by the
Most Venerable Patriarch, W. C. H. Curtis, and
also, that there are now 533 Lodges in the United
States, Upper Canada, Bermuda Islands, New
Providence, Bahama Islands,. St. Thomas Island,
West Indies, and the Island of Cuba, and from
that report, we obtain, also, the following:

"We, my beloved brothers and sisters, are in
the crucible of preparation. Let us early bear
the image of the Master of the Assembly, pos-
sessing ourselves with that wisdom that distin-
guishes one class of men above another, leading
to the discovery of the paths on the deep, uniting
us with the world around us, the agencies and
properties of the vegetable world, utilizing them
in alleviating our suflTerings ; discerning the sub-,
terranean "treasures of mineral wealth, so that we

may have in our purse two-pence for the inn-
keeper, when we leave an afflicted brother ; an
eye to discern the course of the planets, and
mark them, as they roll along in the great ex-
panse, magnifying God in His visible works,
drawing ourselves to Him by their silent lan-
guage ; gathering all around the sacred altar,
raising ourselves by the lever of I'eligious sci-
ence, extending the flaming torch, until the lights
above and beneath unite, until the heavens kiss
the earth, and we be permitted to step from time
into eternity, leaving the perishable to possess
the eternal ; to meet where the Patriarch's jew-
eled crown will never fade, and the beauty of
our beloved truths will grow moi-e dazzling, while
eternity shall roll on." — [Extract from an address
by Rev. B. W. Arnett.]

The Grand Lodge meets at Cleveland, Ohio,
the first Tuesday in'August, next.

E. H. Guy, Grand Master, W^. O. Bowles,
District Secretary, Urbana, Ohio.

DRUIDS.

The United Ancient Order of Druids is a be-
nevolent association. They style their di%asion
of the order, a "Grove," and number them' in
the order of their organization ; the one in Zanes-
ville is Concordia Gi-ove, No. 13, organized, May
3d, 1859, by WiUiam Stoll, N. G. A. ; and G. A.
Rheinberger, V. G. A., of Cincinnati.

The first officers were : Philip White, Noble
Arch ; Gottlieb Glaeser, Vice Arch ; Edward Vo-
gel. Secretary ; Daniel Fehren-ds, Treasurer.

The charter members were : Jacob Hartmeyer,
Philip White, Gottlieb Glaeser, Edward Vogel,
Daniel Fehrends, George T. Bieler, Henry
Koche, Peter Schreck, Conrad Fischer, Joseph.
Mees, Adam Mertz, Michael Seibert, Conrad
Stolzenbach, John Genznagel, Henry White,
George F. Fuessle, John W. Kiesswell, Louis
Russi, Jacob Matzenbacher, Charles Miller, Wil-
liam Heinrich and Xavier Mej'er.

The charter was dated May 3d, 1859.

The Grove, as indicated above, is a subordi-
nate division ; the Chief Grove of .the State is
called the Grand Grove of the State of Ohio, to
which all subordinate Groves report, and are
subject in mattei's that pertain to the Order at
large.

The present officers are as follows :

N. G.. Charles Brendle ; V. G., F. Schultz ;
R. S., Adam Pfeifer ; Treasurer, Charles Russe.

The present membership is ninety-five.

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF RED MEN.

Improved Order of Red Men — having for its
motto. Freedom, Friendship, andCharit}'. This
institution is founded upon the customs, usages,
traditions, and history, of the aborigines of this
continent, and its primary objects are, to pro-
mote, among men, the exercise and practice of
the true principles of benevolence and chai-ity ;
the care and protection of the widow and orphan,
and the cultivation of friendl}- relations among
mankind. The founding of the Order daltes
back to a period anterior to 1815, and, although

202

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

no energetic effort has heretofore been made for
its extension, its existence is now found in more
than twenty-five jurisdictions, and in some of
these it equals the strongest of kindred societies,
in zeal and prosperity, and, in all, has a nucleus
both healthy and promising of great results.

This Tribe was organized in Zanesville, Au-
gust 2, 1870, by Great Sachem, G. B. Means, of
Steubenville, Ohio, and chartered the third
Tuesday in May, 1871. The first officers were
as follows :

Sachem, W. R. Hazlett ; Senior Sagamore,
Alexander Piatt ; Junior Sagamore, G. W.
Hazlett; Chief of Records, Samuel Howard, Jr. ;
Keeper of Wampum, A. P. Stultz.

The Tribe, at that time, numbered twenty-
eight members. The present officers are :

Sachem, L. F. Smith ; ^ Senior Sagamoi-e,
Geoi"ge Bostwick ; Junior' Sagamore, George
Mason ; Keeper of Wampum, W. A. Twaddle ;
Chief of Records, W. R. Hazlett.

The regular place and time of meeting, is in
Star Building, northeast corner of Third and
Main streets, on the second and fourth Thurs-
days of each month.

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.

McIntire Lodge, No. 38. was instituted in
Zanesville, November 30th, 1871, by E. T.
Haines, Grand Chancellor, assisted by Past
Grand Chancellor, Joseph Dowdall, G. K. of R.
and S., Henry Lindenberg, Supreme Represent-
ative of Ohio, J; Hope Sutor, Supreme Repre-
sentative of West Virginia, and delegations of
Past Chancellors and Knights, from neighbor-
ing Lodges.

The charter members were: Dr. A. Ball, B.
D. Brown, R. J. Brown, Henry Bimple, A. J.
Farnum, H. C. Lillibridge, E. P. Moorehead,
Chapline Moorehead, Morris Springer, R. S.
Willey, T. W. Gattrell, Charles E. Randall,
James Huff", Thomas Coppard, W. C. Burns,
Edward I. Cockrill, J. B. Copeland, William
Goetz, R. W. Jones, R. H. Morgan, W. L.
Prophater, C. T. Starr, and W. H. Wilmot.

The first officers were : Venerable Patriarch,
Edmund P. Moorehead; W. C, Dr. Alfred
Ball; V. C, H. C. Lillibridge; R. S., C. E.
Randall; F. S., B. D. Brown; Banker, Henry
Bimple ; Guide, M. Springer ; I: G., W. II. Wil-
mot; O. G.,R. S. Willey.

"The Trustees shall each give bond, in the
sum of $100; the Master of Exchequer, $500;
and the Master of Finance, $300."

The present officers are : Julius Frank, C. C. ;
W. C. Harris, V. C. ; Charies Geiger, Prelate ;
Fred Geiger, M. of E. ; R. J. Brown, M. of F. ;
R. S. Willey, K. of R. ; George Steventon, M.
at A. ; Frank Lemon, I. G. ; A ,J. Farnum, O.
G. Trustees — W. H. Mast, Thomas Harris,
and W. D. Reed. The officei-s are elected on
the first of January and July, of each year.

b'nai brith.

The Independent Order of B'Nai Brith 01-gan-
ized Gihon Lodge, No. 195, in Zanesville, April

27th, 1873 ; chartered by District Grand Lodge,
No. 2. This District comprises the following
States : Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Missouri,
Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas.

This is exclusively a Jewish Order. The char-
ter members were : M. Steinfeld, W. Dryfns, B.
S. Dryfus, R. Shonfield, M. Shonfield, M. Cahn,
Henry Horkheimer, S. Frank, Louis Steinfeld,
Henry Baer, and D. Goodman.

First officers — President, M. Steinfeld ; Vice-
President, W. Diyfus ; Secretary, Henry Baer ;
Treasurer, H. Horkheimer.

Present officers — President, Herman Weber ;
Vice-President, Marcus Weinberg ; Treasurer,
H. Baer; Secretary, W. Friedman; Financial
Secretary, Julius Frank.

Benefits. — The Constitution provides that at
the death of a Brother, the sum of one thousand
dollars shall be paid, for the benefit of the be-
reaved. This is termed a compulsory endow-
ment, and to raise this amount an assessment is
made, of seventy-five cents per capita. There
is also a "free endowment" of two thousand
dollars.

KESHER SHEL BARSEL.

This is a benevolent association, organized for
the purpose of relieving its members when in dis-
tress, burying their dead, and providing for wid-
ows and orphans within their Lodge association.
They have adopted, as a motto, "Truth, Love,
and Justice." A special feature in the fraternit}-,
is an assurance department, by which one thous-
and dollars is secured to the family of a member,
at his death. At such time, an assessment of
fifty cents per capita is made — to an amount not
exceeding thirty deaths in a year. If more than
thirty deaths occur in a Lodge, in a given 3ear,
the necessary amount to complete the assurance
is drawn from the Sinking Fund of District No.
4, to which this Lodge is subordinate. Febru-
ar}' 16, 1880, Districts 4 and 5 wei'e consolidated,
and are now known as District No. 4. Prior to
this time, District No. 5 embraced the States of
Tennessee, Indiana, Michigan, Kentucky, Mis-
souri, and Ohio.

King Solomon's Lodge, No. 133, was insti-
tuted in Zanesville, August 16, 1874, by N.
Straus, J. Ettinger, L. Raden, and J. Trost ;
they were Grand Officers of District No. 5 ; this
localit}' being in their jurisdiction.

The first officers of King Solomon's Lodge,
No. 133, were as follows: W. Freedman, Pres-
ident; M. S. Witkosky, Vice President; L,
Witkosky, Recording Secretary ; A. Kohn, Fi-
nancial Secretary ; B. Frosh, Treasurer ; L.
Newman, Outer Guard ; J. Stern and A. Cohn,
Trustees.

The charter members were: W. Freedman,
M. S. Witkosky. L. Witkosky, B. Frosh, D.
Frosh, A. Cohn, H. Weber, S. Levy, S. Stern,
J. Goldberger, T. Rosier, J. Haber, J. WoUner,
H. Heflich, L. Newman, J. Stern, Ignatius
Stern, S. Freilich, S. Schwarz, S. Regan, W.
Klein, A. L. Freedman, H. Reich, J. Metzen-
dorf, S. Engleman, M. Levy, B. Singer, J.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

203

Freedman, S. Cohn, S. Klein, J. Gotlob, W.
Deutch, A. Starn, J. J. Klein, L. Klein, H.
Kohn..

The present officers are : President, M.
Weinberg; Vice President, H. Hefiich ; Re-
cording Secretary, J. Wollner ; Financial Sec-
retary, S. Engleman ; Treasurer, M. Ney ; In-
side Guardian, T. Rosier ; Outside Guardian,
L. Klein.

KNIGHTS OF HONOR.

The objects of the Order are to unite fratern-
ally all acceptable white men, of every profession
and occupation ; to give all possible moral and
material aid in its power to its members, and
those depending on its members, by holding
moral, instructive, and scientific lectures ; by en-
couraging each other in business, and assisting
each other to obtain employment ; to promote
benevolence and charity, by establishing a
Widows' and Orphans' Benefit Fund, from
which, on satisfactory evidence of the death of a
member of this corporation, who has complied
with all its lawful requirements, a sum not ex-
ceeding two thousand dollai's, shall be paid ■ to
his family, as he may direct ; to provide for
creating a fund for the relief of sick and distress-
ed members ; to ameliorate the condition of hu-
manity in every possible manner. Under these
provisions and stipulations this Lodge was organ-
ized.

Star Lodge, No. 30.^This Lodge was in-
stituted in Zanesville, September 15, 1874, by D.
Wilson, Past Supreme Dictator, of Boston,
Mass. The charter members were : Thomas E.
Sturgeon, William A. Filmore, Henry C. Lilli-
bridge, T. E. Richards, William H. Holden, M.
D., A. P. Stults, Major W. S. Harlan, E. G.
Bi-own, and James Gallogly, M.D.

The first officers were: Past Director, W. S.
Harlan ; Dictator, Thomas E. Sturgeon ; Vice
Dictator, A. P. Stults ; Assistant Dictator, W.
A. Filmore ; Reporter, E. E. Brown ; Financial
Reporter, F. Howell ; Treasurer, James Gallo-
glv, M.D. ; Guide, H. C. Lillibridge ; Chaplain,
T." E. Richards ; Trustee, W. H. McOwen ;
Lodge Deputy, W. S. Harlan; Medical Exam-
iners, W. H. Holden, M.D., and James Gallo-
gly, M.D.

The present officers are : Past Dictator, A. H.
Watts ; Dictator, John Huskins ; Vice Dictator,
Duncan McKenney ; Assistant, John G. Fisher;
Financial Reporter, R. J. Brown ; Reporter,
Charles G. Thompson ; Guide, E. H. Adrian ;
Chaplain, B. F. Spaulding ; Guardian and Sen-
tinel, W. H. Holden, M.D. ; Deputy Grand Dic-
tator, C. H. Evans, M.D. ; Medical Examiner,
J. S. Davis, M.D. ; Trustees, R. Silvey, J.
Doudna, and J. W. Bradshaw.

The financial status of the Lodge is excellent ;
it has contributed to the Beneficial Fund, and
paid to the Supreme Treasurer, twelve thousand
dollars. Three deaths have occurred, and the
persons entitled to receive the sum guaranteed,
two thousand dollars (each death), have been

paid, making six thousand dollars paid out on
this account.

The present membership is one hundred and
fifty-nine. The place and time of meeting — Star
Block, northeast corner of Main and Third
streets, each Tuesday evening.

ROYAL ARCANUM.

The Royal Arcanum is a Benevolent So-
ciety. The objects are to unite fraternally all men
of sound bodily health, and good moral charac-
ter, who are socially acceptable, and between
twenty one and sixty years of age. To give
all moral and material aid in its power to its
members, and those dependent upon them. To
educate its members socially, morally and intel-
lectually ; also, to assist the widows and orphans
of deceased members ; to establish a widows'
and orphans' benefit fvind, from which, on satis-
factory evidence of the death of a member of
the Order, who has complied with all its lawful
requirements, a sum not exceeding three thous-
and dollars, shall be paid his family, or those
dependent upon him, as he may direct.

Hope Council, No. 82. — It was instituted
in Zanesville, April i6th, 1878. The following
persons appeared as charter members: S. C.
Abbot, C. E. Albright, A. J. Andrews, Fenton
Bagley, Orrin Ballon, R. J. Brown, Rufus C.
Burton, Thomas Coulton, Lewis D. Dare, Rev.
H. A. Delano, Thomas W. Dutro, Charles O.
Harris, George C. Harris, W. H. Holden, James
T. Irvine, Charles H. Jones, William Kirk, H.

C. Lillibridge, Alexander Munson, R. S. Mer-
shon, Rev. C. F. Morgan, W. F.' McCoy,
George W. McCormick, George F. Russell, L.

D. Sandel, H. M. Sedgwick, William M. Shin-
nick, Jr., J. Hope Sutor, Frank J. Terry, C. G.
Thompson, J. D. Warner and J. S. Wheeler.
The first officers were :

Regent — R. S. Mershon.

Vice Regent — Charles H. Jones.

Post Regent — F. J. Terry.

Orator — J. T. Irvine.

Secretary — W. M. Shinnick.

Collector — R. J. Brown.

Treasurer — George F. Russell.

Guide— H. M. Sedgwick.

Chaplain — Rev. C. F. Morgan.

Warden— C. E. Albright.

Sentry — C. G. Thompson.

Medical Examination. — Law X of the Royal
Arcanum- provides for a medical examination,
and that " no examination shall be had, unless
made by a physician who is a member of the Or-
der, and a graduate from a legal medical col-
lege."

Article VI of the Constitution, for the govern-
ment of Councils and concerning the qualifica-
tions for membership, in Section i, reads as
follows :

"No persons shall be admitted to membership
in this Council except they are between the ages
of twenty-one and sixty years. Each applicant
must be a man of sound health, with two hands,

204

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

of good moral character, a believer in a Supreme
Being, aiyi competent to earn a livelihood for
himself and family." The officers elected for
1 88 1 are as follows :

Post Regent— J. Hope Sutor.

Regent— W. M. Shinnick, Jr.

Vice Regent — G. E. Fillmore.

Orator— T. J. Barton, M.D.

Secretary — ^J. A. Hunter,

Collector — R. J. Brown.

Treasurer — S. V. Harris.

Chaplain— W. H. Watson.

Guide— Charles B. Hall.

Warden and Sentry — O. F. Palmer.

Trustees— F. J. Terry, R. S. Mershon, and J.
Hope Sutor.

The present condition of the Council is excel-
lent. The time and place of meeting — The
first and third Thursday of each month, in Star
Block.

PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA.

This is not a political organization. Article
XXV of the Constitution adopted by the National
Camp of Patriotic Order Sons of America, of
the United States, reads as follows: "Section i.
A State Camp, or any Subordinate Camp, under
its jurisdiction, using the name of this Order for
partisan political purposes, shall, upon convic-
tion of the same, forlTeit its charter, or charters,
as such." And Article XII, Section i, reads as
follows : " No person shall be entitled to mem-
bership in this Order, except he be of good mor-
al character, eighteen years of age, a believer
in the existence of a Supreme Being, as the
Creator and Preserver of the Universe, born on
the soil, or within the jurisdiction of the United
States ; in favor of free education, opposed to
any union of Church and State, and to the inter-
ference of any foreign power, directly, or in-
directly, in the affairs of this Government."

With the objects implied in these articles, the
members avow their purpose of maturing them-
selves in the knowledge, and encouraging each
other in the practice of the rights and duties of citi-
zens, exercising the common rights of sovereign-
ty, and pledge themselves to observe, and sup-
port, the laws of the land.

"The several State Camps shall have the
power to permit, or provide, a system of Benefits
for the Subordinate Camps under their jurisdic-
tion, provided the same shall not conflict with
the Constitution and General Laws, or interfere
with the objects and prosperity of the Order."
Each Camp shall, at the date of institution, elect
three Trustees, to serve respectively, six, twelve
and eighteen months. Thereafter, at such semi-
annual election, one Trustee shall be elected to
serve eighteen months ; the constitution defines
their duties.

Camp No. 43, P. O. S. of A.— This Cartip
was instituted in Zanesville, June 6th, 1879, ^7
E. S. Layman, of Cincinnati, State Secretary of
the Order, with the following charter members :
Frank Harris, A. Petit, Fred Willey, Charles
Barton, Ed. Parshall, George Moore, John

Millis, Charles Ford, Wash. Sockman, W. R.
Hazlett, M. D. Frazier, Webb McCann, John
Bailey, Charles Huff, Jud. Alvis, Jack Wiswell,
Hosea Haines, and Albert George. The first
officers were as follows :

Past President — W. R. Hazlett.

President — Frank Harris.

Vice President — Fred. Willey.

Master of Forms and Ceremonies — Webb
McCann.

Recording Secretar}:' — Charles Barton.

Financial Secretary — Charles Huff.

Treasurer — Albert Petit.

Conductor — Charles Ford.

Inner Guard — George Moore.

Outer Guard — Ed. Parshall.

Chaplain — Rev. H. A. Delano.

The present officers are as follows :

Past President — A. Petit.

President — Charles Barton.

Vice President — C. Ford.

Master of Forms and Ceremonies — Benjamin
Hanlon, Jr.

Conductor — Charles Stanton.

Recording Secretary — J. G. Highfield.

Assistant Secretary: — L. D. Stanton.

Treasurer — J. Ferrel.

Financial Secretary — L. Stockdale.

Inner Guard — J. Bailey.

Outer Guard — B. J. F. Terry.

L. S.— A. Boyer.

R. S. — T. Logan.

Chaplain— P. M. Willey.

Trustees— J. H. Best, J. H. Hopkins and W.
R. Humphrey.

Washington Camp, No. 47, Patriotic Order
Sons of America. — This Camp was instituted
February 9th, 1881, with fifty-six charter mem-
bers, composed of 3'oung and energetic business
and laboring men. The following officers were
elected :

President — George Brown.

Vice Pi'esident — George Murdock.

Recording Secretarjr — H. L. McCarty.

Assistant Secretary — James Drake.

Financial Secretary — G. H. Grubb.

Master of Forms and Ceremonies — David
Mercer.

Inside Guard — Smith Winchell.

Outside Guard — A. B. Chilcote.

This Lodge was instituted under very favorable
circumstances, and its members feel san-
guine of a promising future, in the acquisition of
members and the dissemination of the principles
of the fraternity.

District President— J. H. Hopkins.

Past Presidents — W. R. Hazlett, Frank
Harris, F. M. Willey, M. D. Frazier and A.
Petit.

Past District Presidents — W. R. Hazlett and
J. W. Morgan.

Past State President — F. M. Willey.

Past State Chaplain — Rev. H. A. Delano.

State Master of Forms and Ceremonies —
John Ferrel.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

205

CHAPTER XIV.

THE FB.ESS.

The press of Zanesville and Muskingum coun-
ty, maintains the freedom of discussion, so pecu-
liarly American. In its editorial ranks have ever
been found men of talent and energy, and, with
all the divergence of political opinion, they are
among the most fraternal to be found in any com-
munity. The following recitals of the history of
the papers that have flourished, and now exhibit
"the power of the pen," are examples of the
modesty, as well as tenacity, of opinion of the
editors, touching their record, and appear in al-
phabetical order, the living papers being desig-
nated by "small caps," as : The Weekly Ad-
vocate, The Zanesville Courier, The Daily
Democrat, The Daily Era, The, Zanesville
Post, The Zanesville Signal, The City Times,
The Daily Morning Times, The Dresden
Chronicle, New Concord Enterprise, and to
this record is added what the press and the peo-
ple said, in universal sorrow, when President
Garfield died.

The Weekly Advocate.— This paper was
first issued. Ma}- 20th, 1870, and then called
"The Farmers' and Mechanics' Advocate,"
which title was abandoned in 1879, °^ account
of its length. It is a nine-column sheet, and, at
that time, was the largest in Southeastern Ohio.
Politically, it was independent ; the object of the
founder, Mr. John T. Shryock, who is now editor
and publisher, was to make it a political informer
of the people, on all important issues. The ed-
itor has aimed to produce an instructive paper,
that would be welcomed to every fireside. In
1872, he decided to espouse the principles gov-
, erning the Liberal Republican party, and he has
done what he could to promote the currency re-
form movement, and to advocate Government
protection to Home industries, in opposition to
free trade.

The Advocate does not pretend to be a bril-
liant, gossippy newspaper, preferring, rather, to
invite its readers to the consideration of such mat-
ters as more directly tend to advance the interests
<of the social fabric.

The Zanesville Courier — T.J.Newman. —
In all governments of " the people, by the people,
for the people" there must be two parties. Ever
since the organization of the Government of the
United States, there has been two parties. Wash-
ington was a candidate without a party, but his
supporters became known as Federalists.- Alexan-
der Hamilton was the head and front of this party.
Thomas Jefferson had views of governrnent very
different from Alexander Hamilton, and he soon
became the leader of the oppositit)n — ^the Repub-
licans. This Republican party, in after years,
became the Democratic party. Each party, in
all the counties of each State of this wide realm,
had, and still has, its organ. The Federal party
was weak, especially in the west. In 1808, its
candidate onty received the electoral vote of four
States, out of seventeen, constituting the Union.

In 1810, when Zanesville was a small village,
and the greater part of Muskingum county an
unbroken forest, " The Express" made its ap-
pearance among the people of Muskingum. It
was a little sheet, published by J. H. Putnam &
Co. The Republicans then were supreme in this
western country, and the Whigs had not yet com-
menced- talking about internal improvements.
Jefferson was still living, and was a power in the
land. And yet, the "Express" came out as the
exponent of the principles of the Federal party.
The field was uninvitin'g, and became more so
during, and immediately after, the war of 181 2.
The "Express" was the beginning of the Re-
publican organ of Muskingum county. That
changes in proprietors should take place, amid
such trials as war brings, need only be hinted.
Accordingly, in 181 2, the " Express and Adver-
tiser" appeared, published by O'Hara & Ben-
nett, and continued to exist until 1822, or 1823,
when the first number of the " Ohio Republic "
appeared, with that old pioneer politician. Colo-
nel David Chambers, as editor, and Adam Pe-
ters as publisher. It opposed the election of An-
drew Jackson, to the Presidency. It advocated
the doctrines of the great Whig leader of that
day, felenry Clay.

On the 22d of July, 1824, David Chambers re-
tired from the editorship, and Adam Peters be-
came editor and publisher. William C. Pelham
purchased an interest in the paper, January 5th,
1825, and the paper was conducted under the
firm name of Peters & Pelham, until August 3d,
1833, at which time Pelham retired, and Adam
Peters again became sole editor and publisher,
and continued to furnish the Whigs of Muskin-
gum suitable diet, until 1842, when the establish-
ment was sold to Lambert Hara and John A.
Beaty, the latter formerly of the "Guernsey
Times." In 1843, Beaty retired, and H. P. Bris-
tow became part owner, and, with Hara, contin-
ued to edit and publish the paper, until Novem-
ber II, 1845, when David H. Lyman purchased
the establishment. On that day, the " Ohio Re-
publican" ceased to exist, and the "Zanesville
Courier" made its appearance. The " Courier,"
under the control of David H. Lyman, became
one of the leading journals of the State. Mr.
Lyman was a brilliant journalist, even a little
ahead of the times.

The Tri- Weekly Courier On the 31st of

March, 1846, ftie first number was published, and
June 2 1 St, of the same year, it was suspended,
and the "Zanesville Daily Courier" was born.
All of these papers were ably edited by Mr. Ly-
man, but the time for the " Daily Courier" had
not yet arrived. Sufficient support could not be
found, and it was suspended, November ist,
1847, and the publication of the " Tri-Weekly
Courier" resumed. After a brief career, on the
19th of October, 1849, David H. Lyman sold the
establishment to Edward Ball and Imri Richards.
Mr. Lyman was one of the most brilliant writers
who ever sat upon the tripod in the •" Courier "
office, but was not a successful financier. De-

2o6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

cember i6th, 1850, the " Zanesville Daily Cour-
ier" again made its appearance, and has been
making its'daily round among the people ever
since.

Edward Ball was a good politician, one of the
best who ever stepped into the arena, in Muskin-
gum county, but was not a success as an editor.
The drudgery of the sanctum was not suited to
his tastes, and Mr. Richards, though a thorough-
ly honest man, a good and true friend, was a
great failure as a financier. The " Courier,"
while under Ball & Richtirds, was a failure, and
passed into the hands of J. Carrel, H. J. Mercer,
W. H. Ball, and WilHam Buell, as editors and
proprietors. Their career, however, was short.
W. H. Ball discovered that nature never intended
him for an editor, and severed his connection
with the •' Courier." In 1852, George Weaver
and N. S. Kauifman became editors and publish-
ers, under the firm name of Weaver & Kauffman,
and continued the business until March 4, 1858,
when U. P. Bennett, becoming owner, editor,
and publisher of the "Zanesville Gazette," a pa-
per started about 1830, by Uriah Parke, bought
the interest of Mr. Weaver, and the two papers
were consolidated. The weekly was issued un-
der the name of the Weekly courier and Ga-
zette, and the daily under the name of the
Zanesville Daily Courier. In August, 1859,
Mr. C. H. Upton and John T. Shryock became
editors and pubHshers. On the 21st of June,
1861, Mr. John T. Shryock became sole editor,
publisher and proprietor of the Courier estab-
lishment. Up to this time, the Courier had
never been a financial success. Many a dollar
had been lost by the different proprietors. There
were no dividends — never had been. When the
war of the rebellion got fairly under waj"-, there
was a mint of money in a newspaper office, if
properly conducted, and Mr. Shryock made
money.

On the 15th of November, 1865, M. D. Leg-
gett and J. C. Douglass purchased the Courier
establishment, of J. T. Shryock, and piiblished
the Courier until July ist, 1866, when T. J.
Newman purchased a one-third interest in the
establishment. The weekly journal was pub-
lished, under the name of the Courier and Ga-
zette, until Dececember i8th, 1868, when the
"Gazette" was dropped, and ever since, the
weekly paper has been styled the Weekly Cour-
ier. In May, 1863, Mr. Leggett sold his inter-
est to J, H. Dodd, and, January iSt, 1872, Nev\'-
man and Dodd purchased the interest of J. C.
Douglass, and the business was conducted under
the firm name of Newman & Dodd, until 1876,
when R. B. Brown purchased a part of the in-
terest of J. H. Dodd, and became amember of the
firm. The Courier is now one of the leading
papers of Ohio. It finds its way to all sections
of the Union. It advocates the principles of
the Republican party, believing that those are
the best for the patriotic freemen of this great
Union.

Daily Democrat. — This paper was published
in the interest of the Democratic party, and first

appeared August i8th, 1879. The editors and
publishers, were W. V. Cox, W. L. Maginnis,
and W. C. Crawley. October 31st, of the same
year, it was deemed expedient to "pull down
the blinds" and close the office.

The Daily Era was an advocate of Democ-
racy, first issued March 24th, 1880, by W. L.
Maginnis, W. C. Crawley, and George C.
Thompson. July 28th, this firm was dissolved,
Thompson and Crawley retiring, and the paper
passed into the hands of O. K. White, J. F. Tra-
cy, and T. J. Maginnis, Jr. October 26th, en-
suing, W. L. Maginnis and T. J. Maginnis, Jr.,
withdrew ; the paper passed into the hands of a
receiver, and was published by O. K. White and
J. F. Tracy, until November 29th, 1880, when
the office was closed.

Zanesville Post. — The Zanesville Post is
the only German newspaper published in this
part of the State. The first number was issued
March 28th, 1872, by Adolph Schneider, the
present publisher and proprietor. The office, for
the first five years, was in Werner's block, near
the Court House ; it is now located at Nos. 41
and 43 South Sixth street. It is a seven-col-
umn sheet, twenty-four by thirty-six inches ;
the first number was issued to six hundred sub-
scribers ; its patrons now number eight hundred.

The Post is non-partisan in politics, but keeps
its readers alive to their interests, and well in-
formed in political aflFairs. Its editor has the
satisfaction of knowing that the patrons approve
his plan, never having had occasion to change
or modify his course — a suflScient guarantee of
the ability of the editor to conduct a first-class
family newspaper.

The Zanesville Signal. — This is one of the
most pronounced Democratic journals in the
State ; edited and published by James T. Irvine,
the compiler of the following ably written article,
which will be found remarkable for fidelity to the
record of the times :

The historj' of the Democratic press of Mus-
kingum county begins with the "Muskingum
Messenger," which was also the first newspaper
in Zanesville. The "Muskingum Messenger"
began its career in February of the year 1810,
and continued during some twenty-ffve or thirty
years to be one of the most prominent journals
then published in Ohio.

The Democratic party, at that time, was
called "Republican," or "Democratic Republi-
can"— these political terms being used synony-
mously, to designate the party founded bjf Thom-
as Jefferson, in opposition to the "Federal" par-
ty, founded by Alexander Hamilton. The
"Muskingum Messenger," therefore, represent-
ed and advocated the "Democratic Republican"
principles and policies of Government, as de-
fined, inculcated, and established, by Jeflferson
and his school, until its course, was changed
toward the end of its race.

The first publishers of the "Muskingum Mes-
senger" were Messrs. White & Sawyer. Short-
ly after its publication began, Mr, David Cham-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

207

b§rs (afterwards well known as Colonel Cham-
bers, and also as a member of Congress), pur-
chased the interest of Mr. White, and became
the sole proprietor, in or about the year 181 2.
During the "war of 181 2," the "Messenger"
occupied a prominent position as an able and ef-
ticient supporter of the war and the administra-
tion of President Madison. It "carried the war"
into the "Federal" ranks, with many a sharp
criticism and pungent paragraph.

About the year 1815, Mr. Josiah Heard became
editor and proprietor of the "Messenger," and
continued as such until the close of the year
1818. In February, 1819, Mr. Ezekiel T. Cox
purchased and took possession, and was the
publisher of the paper until February, 1822,
when he transferred it to his brother, Horatio J.
Cox. The latter continued to edit and publish
the "Messenger" until February, 1824, when he
transferred it to his two brothers, Ezekiel T.,
and Samuel J. Cox. The latter, in 1825, became
sole owner and editor. In May, 1828, owing to
his conscientious refusal to support General
Jackson as the Democratic-Republican candidate
for President, he disposed of the "Messenger"
to Mr. Thomas Anderson.

During the period of the "Messenger's"
greatest, prosperity, there was no newspaper
published in the adjoining counties of Coshocton,
Guernsey, Morgan and Perry ; and all of the
official publications of those counties were made
through the "Messenger," as being the most
available medium of communication with the
people of those counties, as well as Muskingum.

Mr. Thomas Anderson conducted the "Mes-
senger" as a Democratic-Republican journal,
and a supporter of President Jackson's adminis-
tration, until the year 1832, when he took the side
of Calhoun and the "nullifiers," and thus broke
with the main wing of the Democracy. The
"Messenger" continued thus until the year 1837,
when it passed into the hands of Joseph Moore-
head and Michael P. Brister. This closed its
career as a Democratic journal, and soon after-
ward its existence was terminated.

In the year 1833, the "Democratic Union"
was started, bj"^ Messrs. Charles B. Flood and
Frederick W. DeKrufFt, to take the place of the
"Messenger" as the Democratic organ.

Their successor in the "Union" was William
Crosby, who changed the name of the journal to
the "Aurora." Mr. Crosby's direct successor,
(we believe,) was Colonel David Robb, from
whom Mr. Jacob Glessner purchased and took
possession, January rst, 1J38. Mr. Glessner
continued as the editor and publisher of the
"Aurora" during six stormy political years, until
1844, when he disposed of it to Mr. John Brandt.
From him it soon passed, and within a few years
it was transferred consecutively into the hands
of the following named persons : McCann &
Camp, Chauncey Bassett, Henry Beard, Roberts
& Adams and Henry Beard. Mr. Henry Beard
was, however, the editor of the "Aurora" from
the year 1845 until August i8th, 1852, when he
conveyed it to Mr. R. W. P. Muse. November

15th, 1853, Mr. Albert O. Wagstaff became a
partner, with one-third interest in the concern,
and remained one year. January 2d, 1854,
Messrs. Muse and Wagstaif started the "Daily
Commercial Aurora," the publication of which
was continuous for from two to three }'ears.
July 1st, 1855, Mr. Lewis Baker took one-third
interest in the whole establishment, and held it
until July ist, 1857, when he retired. In the
meantime, Mr. Muse, July i6th, 1856, disposed
of his interest to Dr. James W. Gaily, then a
practicing dentist in Zanesville. When Mr.
Baker retired, July ist, 1857, Dr. Gaily became
sole proprietor, and continued as publisher and
editor of the "Aurora" until April 13th, i860,
when he sold it to Thomas W. Peacock. From
November 23d, i860, Mr. Joseph McGonagle
was associated with Mr. Peacock, until Novem-
ber 13th, 1862, when his interest was taken by
the "Ohio Farmer's League," Esquire Jacobs,"
editor, and the "Farmer's League" was thus
merged in the "Aurora."

The division of the Democracy in the Presi-
dental contest of i860, led, in this county, to the
starting of the "Citizen's Pi-ess," in September,
of that year, by Messrs. Samuel Chapman and
Anthony Deffenbaugh, in support of John C.
Breckinridge for President. Messrs. Chapman
and Deifenbaugh continued to issue the "Citi-
zen's Press" until July 9th, 1863, when it was
merged with the "Aurora." The paper then
appeared with the names of T. W. Peacock and
William Ewing, as editors, until January ist.
1864, when Mr. Peacock transferred his interest
to Mr. Ewing, who retired a month afterward,
February 4th, 1864, and thereupon the "Aurora"
disappeared, its new purchaser having decided
to change the title of the paper.

February nth, 1864, No. i, of "The Ohio
Signal" was issued, with the name of J. Milhol-
land & Co., as pubHshers, but in a few weeks
this name was withdrawn. In the year 1865,
vanous amounls were subscribed as stock, by
prominent Democrats, in what was called the
"Signal Printing Company," with Daniel B.
Linn, EHas Ellis, WiUiam Pringle and Gemmil
Arthur, as Trustees. In August, 1865, this com-
pany, with a well equipped office, containing a
full supply of new type, a new Hoe power press,
a steam engine, job printing materials, etc.. be-
gan the publication of the "Zanesville Daily and
Weekly Signal," in the regular style of city
journahsm. J^Ir. D. B. Linn, a lawyer, who had
had several years experience in editing a news-
paper, became the editor of the "Signal." In
October, 1865, Mr. Linn was elected to the Ohio
Senate, and re-elected in 1867. In the spring
of 1867, negotiations for the purchase of the
"Signal" and all its appurtenances, were en-
tered into, and concluded with James T. Irvine,
who took possession ~ June loth, 1867. The
"Daily Signal" was continued by him until
January ist, 1870, when it was suspended, with
the intention to resume irs publication as soon as
favorable circumstances would permit.

The Zanesville " Signal" (weekly) is contin-

208

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

oied by the last named purchaser, and is a newsy
paper, with a circulation of about twenty-four
hundred copies.

The City Times was a folio weekly paper,
of seven columns, with a picture of the Triple
Bridge sandwiched with the name. The style of
type was burgeois, and the pages very neat. It
was started by J. Glessner and J. B. Roberts,
September 4, 1852. Mr. Roberts was appointed
Postmaster, April 29, 1853, and retired from the
paper, selling his interest to Mr. Glessner, who
continued its publication for- twelve years, never
failing to issue the paper on the regular day of
publication, each week. The office was then
sold to George H. Logan, who soon after asso-
ciated with J. H. Dodd,' and continued to pub-
lish the paper for some months, then sold the
office to Messrs. Cooper, I^vans and Ehrman,
,who were succeeded by Governor John Greiner.
R. C. Brown succeeded Greiner, and, after run-
ning the paper two years, sold it to W. W. Pyle,
who published it for five years, during the last of
which it was issued as a Sunday paper. Mr.
Pyle sold the office to E. B. Hayes, who con-
tinued it as a Sunday paper until the fall of

During Mr. GJessner's editorship, the paper
was independent in politics, and eminently a fam-
ily newspaper; the subsequent career of the pa-
per was varied, as the frequent changes in editors
would indicate.

The Daily Morning Times was started June
12, 1877, by W. W. Pyle, E. R. Sullivan, D. P.
Mercer, Alonzo Shoemaker, Edward Mercer and
Harry M. Parsons, practical printers, under the
firm name of "The Times Publishing Company."
W. W. Pyle, editor, and E. R. Sullivan, Busi-
ness Manager ; these gentlemen continue to fill
those positions.

The Times was a neat six-column sheet, and
soon after enlarged to seven columns. In poli-
tics, it was independent, until the Gubernatorial
campaign of 1879, when it espoused the Repub-
lican party doctrines, and with such vigor as to
attract the attention of the leaders of that party,
of which it was recognized as a powerful ally, and
rendered signal service in bringing about the Re-
publican party triumph ; the Democratic party
having been the victors in political contests, prior
to that time, in Muskingum county.

May 12, 1879, Alonzo Shoemaker transferred
one-fitth interest to Sullivan and Parsons. No-
vember 20, 1880, D. P. Mercer and Edward Mer-
cer each transferred one-fifth interest to the same
parties ; and the establishment was owned by W.
W. Pyle, E. R. Sullivan and H. M. Parsons, the
two latter owning their interest jointly, under the
firm name, of Sullivan and Parsons. October
20, 1881, the partnership between W. W. Pyle,
and Sullivan and Parsons, operating under the
name of the "Times Company," was dissolved,
Mr. Pyle retiring ; the business is conduct-
ed by the remaining partners, Sullivan and Par-
sons.

In the beginning, the establishment was run

on the co-operative plan, and the success of the
enterprise is doubtless due to the energy and
economy with which the work was conducted
during the weeks of experiment.

The Times is the only morning paper publish-
ed in Zanesville. Its dispatches are furnished
by the National Press Association, and, as a
wide-a-wake newspaper, it is a welcome ex-
change throughout the State, and elsewhere. It
reaches daily every postoffice in the county,
where there is a daily mail.

The Weekly Times, a handsome eight page
sheet, was started August 16, 1877, and, like the
daily, at once became a favorite, rapidly extend-
ing its circulation into the adjoining counties of
Licking, Morgan, Perry and Guernsey.

The foregoing recital might be greatly extend-
ed, by elaborating the system of securing the
news, and pointing out the advantages of classi-
fication, which renders the Times of such pecu-
liar value to the reader, but this would necessi-
tate a detail that would be of more interest to the
journalist than the reader, and hence, we refrain,
and invite the public to profit by the results in
reading the Times.

The office and business facilities have lately
been greatlj^ enlarged, and are still in the Magin-
nis Block, near the Postoffice, No. 25, North
Fifth street.

The Dresden Chronicle, A. Deftenbaugh,
publisher, was issued July 30, 1838, and contin-
uied to 1842, when the name was changed to the
Journal ; under this name it was published tor
two years, when it disappeared.

"The Visitor," put in appearance in 1848, and
retired, having issued but one number ; John W.
Wallace, the publisher, thinking one visit would
do.

The "Advocate," under the management of

Rev. Wallace and Mr. Agnew, entered

the newspaper arena in 1850, and flourished about
two years, when Mr. Wallace died, and Mr.
Agnew associated with Mr..Sygford and issued
the "Intelligencer." This paper was continued
until 1855, when it passed into the hands of
Bently Gill, who sold it to M. B. Lovett, in 1857.

The "Dresden Monitor" appeared in 1868,
published by Thomas B. Peacock & Son, who
continued their sanctum a little more than a }■ ear
and sold out to J. x\. Jackson, who, in turn, sold
to L. M. Murphy, and he, after a j-ear's ef-
fort, transferred the office to W. H. Conkling,
who, in a short time, sold out to J. T. Shryock,
under whom the paper revived and continued
about two years, when he sold out to John W.
Martin. How long Mr. Martin owned the office
does not appear, but the "Herald" was doubtless
a child of that office, with Hunt and Springstead
as guardians, and when the scion was half a year
old, it was committed to the care of Mr. Spring-
stead, who abandoned the waif to take care of it-
self, audit disappeared.

The "Dresden Doings," a fortnight^ quar-
to, published by James W. Wheeling, appeared
in 1874. In September, 1878, Mr. Wheel-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

209

ing sold out his interest to Will E. Smith, who
continued the paper as a bi-weekly about
nine months, and then changed it to a five-
column weekly, and continued its publication
until about the middle of November, 1879, when
it was enlarged to a six-column folio, and has
been continued by the same publisher ever since.
[The foregoing is compiled from data furnished
by W. E. Smith.]

New Concord Enterprise- — Princifia, non
Homines. — The first number of this paper was is-
sued July 22, 1880, edited and published by Mc-
Kee & Hutchison. In their salutatory, it is an-
nounced to be a journal devoted to home interests,
embracing, education, morals, Christianity and
temperance ; open to free and full discussion of
all questions peitaining to the best interests of so-
ciety ; regarding every man's politics, just as
every man's religion, as his own, they do not pro-
pose to attack or antagonize any class of citizens
because of differences of opinion.

UNIVERSAL SORROW.

The President is dead ! No sadder news ever
fell upon the American people. Throughout that
memorable day there was a painful expectancy
depicted in eveiy countenance, and dii'eful fore-
bodings, uttered in subdued tones, as the wires
told of the condition of the beloved President ;
and shortly after the final struggle was over, and
ere those who had so constantly watched the bul-
letin-boards could carry the sad news to their anx-
ioi^s friends at home, the bell in the tower of the
court house rang out in solemn tones the death
(5f him the people loved so well. " The President
died, at 10 :35, at Long Bi-anch, New Jerse}^" It
was not necessary to add, "p.m. ;" the people knew
but too well, and painfully, the time of that event-
ful 19th day of September. What a mournful
night was that, and how still the air — and yield-
ing to the tongues of the church bells, as they
chimed in with the coiwt-house bell.

Unconscious Bell 1
Oh, break ! Oh, break !
Eefuse the listening
Air to shake !
For thou dost shalce ■
Our hearts — they swell —
They break ! They break !
Break with them, Bell !
Thy jarring tones,
Thy harrowing moans.
We may not quell —
Break hearts, and Bell !

Thus the people their painful vigils kept, and
the remainder of the night was spent in draping
homes and public places with the emblems of the
woe unutterable.

And when the day dawned, and the "Daily
Morning Times," with its darkened columns,
came, we conned o'er and o'er the sad, sad story
renewed, and freely excused the editor for not
attempting anything but reproductions. And

we looked again and again at those wonderful
headlines, which read as follows:

"Safe in the Arms of Jesus — After Seventy-
eight Days of Suffering, the President Passes
Serenely Away, like one who draws the drapery
of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant
dreams — A Nation mourns a great and good
man's death, who departed this life as the hands
on the dial pointed to 10 135 — The midnight air
saddened by the mournful tolling of thousands
of bells, and strong men weep bitter tears at the
fall of a friend of humanity — ' But earth has no
sorrow that Heaven cannot cure' — Angels will
rejoice at the reception in Paradise of so pure a
soul."

[official bulletin.]

" Long Branch, New Jersey, September 19. —
The President died at 10:35."

"And our hearts, though stout and brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating
Funeral marches to the grave,"

While we gaze through tears on the life gone
out, lifting our hearts in thankfulness for the tri-
umph of Christian faith, for the end of that man
was peace.

Zanesville, robed in black, and the lamenta-
tions of her people over the death of our Chief
Magistrate, marks an epoch in history that time
will never efface.

A small printed hand-bill, distributed in the
forenoon, called a public meeting of citizens, in
Black's Music Hall, at two o'clock in the after-
noon. In response, the Hall was filled at that
hour with a concourse of men. The meeting was
organized by the election of Rev. W. M. Mul-
lenix, of the Second Street M. E. Church, as
President, Hon. John O'Neill and J. T. Irvine, as
Vice Presidents, and Messrs. T. J. Newman and
(Captain) D. B. Gary, as Secretaries.

Rev. Mr. Mullenix, as Chairman, opened the
proceedings with a terse and expressive state-
ment of the solemn circumstances, under which
the meeting was held, an impressive sketch of
the high character and services of the Nation's
departed statesman and Chief Magistrate, and
the overwhelming sorrow with which his own
countrymen, supplemented b}' the generous sym-
pathy of all the people of all other civilized coun-
tries, received and lamented over his untimely
demise, by the foul hand and crime of a brutal
assassin.

The Hon. John O'Neill was called upon, and
spoke words of rare eloquence, depicting the
love and grief of our fifty millions of people for
their chosen and worthv head ; their burning in-
dignation at " the deep damnation of his taking
off" by a fiendish assassin's ci-uel and senseless
murder; and the genial, friendly nature of the
man who had ascended from the humble cottage
of his widowed mother, through various grada-
tions of trial and success, to the liighest position
of honor and power in the government of his
country, and in the hearts of his countrymen.
Mr. O'Neill spoke most feelingly from his own

210

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

personal acquaintance with James A. Garfield in
Congress, and rendered a high eulogium to his
fame and memory.

J. T. Irvine endeavored to respond by speak-
ing of the tragical death of James A. Garfield as
having at once wiped out, for the time being,
all factions, parties, sections, sects, races, or
otRer lines of divisions among the people, and
united them all as one family, mourning over the
woeful loss of its head, and thus demonstrating,
in this epoch'of National calamity, the oneness of
the American people. The fatal striking down
of the chief ruler in the Government, by a vile
assassin's fiendish blow, was a causeless, horri-
ble crime, not only against the President and
Government of the United States, but against
society and the whole people, each and all. *
* * Mr. Irvine sought an illustration ot the
universal popular sentiment, by quoting the say-
ing of David on the assassination of Abner, in
Israel :

"And David said to Joab, and to all the people
that were with him, rend your clothes, and gird
you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.
And King David himself followed the bier. And
they buried Abner in Hebron, and the King lift-
ed up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner ;
and all the people wept. * * * And the King
said unto his servants : Know ye not that there is
a prince and a great man fallen this day in Is-
rael?"— II. Samuel, iii, 31-38.

He concluded by referring to the rule of Pres-
idential succession, provided by the Constitution,
which must be obeyed and respected, and that,
as General Garfield himself had publicly said
in New York after the assassination and death
of President Lincoln, " God reigns and the Gov-
ernment at Washington still lives."

T. H. Southard, Esq., was then called out and
responded briefly in remarks highly appropriate
to the occasion.

Hon. M. M. Granger was next called for, and,
in words that breathe and thoughts that burn,
pictured the fallen hero, and left the subject with
the people, feeling too deeply to do more.

Hon. A. W. Train then addressed the audi-
ence, and declared his firm belief that General
Garfield was. by far, the greatest man of this
epoch.

The Committee on Resolutions made the fol-
lowing report, which was unanimously adopted
by the whole audience, on a rising vote :

RESOLUTIONS.

"The people of Zanesville, called together by
tidings that the Nation's President is dead, with
one heart and mind, join their countrymen as
mourners to-day. We meet in deepest sorrow,
because the Nation's chosen head is slain ; and,

^'■Resolved, That we, the people of Zanesville,
learn with deep anguish and profound sorrow, of
the death of James A. Garfield, President of the
United States.

^'■Resolved, That in President Garfield we
recognize the highest type of American charac-
ter. As a statesman, he has no superior ; as a

citizen, none was more faithful and patriotic ; as
a soldier, distinguished for capacity and gal-
lantry.

'■'■Resolved, That by his death, the Nation has
lost a great ruler ; community an exalted citi-
zen and cultured scholar ; Christianity one of
her brightest ornaments.

^'■Resolved, That we detest and abhor the crime
and the criminal hy which this precious life has
been sacrificed, and demand that the full meas-
ure of punishment, provided by law, shall be
promptly meted out to him.

'■'■Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with his
aged mother, his devoted and heroic wife, and
his fatherless children, in their great bereave-
ment.

^^ Resolved, That the President and Secretary of
this meeting forward an official copy of its pro-
ceedings to the widow of the deceased, and also
a certified copy to the State Department at
Washington."

The Committee on Resolutions was continued,
to report suitable observance in this city during
the funeral ceremonies of interment at Cleveland,
on Monday, and the following is the report of
said committee, which is taken from the Zanes-
ville "Courier:"

HONOR TO THE DEAD HOW THE BURIAL OF

PRESIDENT GARFIELD IS TO BE OBSERVED IN
THIS CITY.

At a meeting of the Committee on Resolutions,
appointed at the Citizens Meeting, held in Music
Hall, on the 20th inst., and also a Committee
from Hazlett Post, No. 81, Grand Army of the
Republic, held at the office of A. W. Train, Esq.,
at 2 p. m., yesterday, on motion, A. W. Train.
Esq., was chosen Chairman, and R. S. Mershon,
Secretary. On motion, it was

^'^ Resolved, That a public procession, be had
between the hours of 12 and 3 o'clock, of Mon-
day, September 26th, in the aftei-noon, and that
the procession shall move at i :i5.

'■'■Resolved, That Gen. Robert S. Granger be re-
quested to act as Grand Marshal, with power to
appoint assistants, and arrange a line of march.

''Resolved, That all the City and County Offi-
cials, all Military, Religious and Civic Associa-
tions, and all other organized bodies, together
with the teachers and scholars of the Public and
Private Schools, and all citizens be, and are here-
bj', invited to join the funeral cortege ;. and that
there may be proper arrangements made, all
bodies be, and are hereby requested to report im-
mediately to Gen. R. S. Granger, Grand Mar-
shal, the name of each association or organiza-
tion, and numerical strength of the same, to
whom official commimications can be addressed.

^'Resolved, That in accordance with the Pro-
clamation of the Governor of Ohio, the people
of this cit);^ be requested to close their respec-
tive places of business for the day ; and that
the clergy of the several churches be requested
to open their churches for religious services, at
3 P- m-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

211

^'■Resolved, That the following committees be
appointed and requested to serve :

"On Finance — ^John Hoge, J. T. Irvine, Geo.
L. Phillips.

"On Music— James A. Cox, H. Waller, J. J.
Ingalls.

"On Ordnance — H. C. Van Voorhis.

"On motion, adjourned to meet to-day(Friday)
at A. W. Train's office, and thatthe Grafnd Mar-
shal and the several committees be respectfully
requested to be present.

"R. S. Mershon,

"Secretary."

The following are the editorial remarks of the
Zanesville "Courier" on the death of Presidenjt
Garfield :

THE DEAD PRESIDENT.

"Monday all that is mortal of James A. Gai--
field was laid away to rest in Lake View Cem-
eterv, at Cleveland, Ohio. He will sleep while
ages pass away, along by the side of the beauti-
ful lake he loved so well. He will sleep in the
count}^ where his eyes first saw the light of day.
When suffering at Washington City, his mind
wandered back 1;o his native State of Ohio, and
to the modest, comfortable home at Mentor,
where, surrounded by those so near and dear to
him, he had passed so many happy hours. After
the spirit had taken its flight to the God who
gave it, his body was carried back to the shores
of the dear old lake, to rest there until time shall
be no more.

"Around the grave where the remains of James
A. 'Garfield will be laid at rest to-day, in spirit,
fifty millions American people will be present.
Never sinQe the dawn of creation, has any man
been so mourned. Those who live in the palace,
and those who live in the humble cot, alike
mourn the great and good man who has been cut
down in the prime of life. By the poor of the
land, in those humble homes where there is a
struggle all the year round for bread, James A.
Garfield was mourned, as never man was mourn-
ed before.

"In the humble homes of the land, where want
is often felt, and where there is never an abund-
ance, and to spare, some method has been found
to inform the outside world, that in those hum-
ble cots, there are those who mourn the loss of a
friend, good and true. And when the great and
good man, who has gone to Heaven, looks down
upon the people he ruled so wisely and so well,
there is nothing that will gratify him more than
the signs of heartfelt grief on the humble cots of
the poor. He never forgot that he was a poor
man. His great soul went out to those who
struggled for an honest living in the lower walks
•of life. He, in life, was one of them, knew how
to sympathize with them in their troubles and
trials, knew how honest,, true and patriotic they
were. He knew that their strong arms and stout
hearts saved the Union. And because he didn't
forget the honest masses, but fell in the discharge
of the duties assigned him by them, the honest
masses mourn him so sincerely to-day. He died

at his post, as a good soldier always does, andin
the hearts of a grateful people, he will live as
long as the American people love honor, truth
and virtue."

The following are the editorial remarks of the
Zanesville "Signal" on the death of President
Garfield :

PRESIDENT Garfield's death.

"The last sad scene, the death of President
James A. Garfield, in the national tragedy
wrought by the passion and bullet of a vile'assas-
sin,took place atElberon, near Long Branch, New
Jersey, last Monday night, at 10:35, when his
spirit passed quietly away from his wounded and
suffering body. He was assassinated on the
morning of the 2nd of July, and having died on
the night of September 19th, he thus endured
eighty days of intense pain.

"The departed President lacked two months of
attaining the fiftieth year of his age, but he died
at the very pinnacle of earthly station and honor,
most deeply and universally sympathized with,
and lamented.

"The surgeons' autopsy revealed the fact that
the wound from the assassin's bullet was inevita-
bly fatal from the first, against all that could be
done to avert this dread result.

"The obsequies, at Washington City, are now
in progress, and the final ceremonies, and the in-
terment, will take place at Cleveland, Mondaj-
next, September 26th."

The following are the remarks of the "Weekly
Advocate" on the death of President Garfield :

" one event happeneth to all."

" The tall, the wise, the reverent head,
Must lay as low as ours."

"The President is dead! James A. Gar-
field was, in 1861, a State Senator; 1862 and
1863, a General in the army of the United States ;
subsequently, for sixteen years, a Representative
in the Congress of the United States ; at the
commencement of 1880, made a Senator in Con-
gress by the Legislature of Ohio ; in 1880,
elected the President of the United States — is
now dead.

"He who filled the most exalted political posi-
tion of any man among all the peoples of the
world. The most honored, and in whom reposed,
to a greater extent than in any other man, the
interests and destinies of fifty millions of people
— has passed away. 'One event happeneth
unto all.'

"With the cause of his death, and with his
condition and sufferings for the last seventy-eight
days, our readers are generally familiar.

"Less than one hour before he died, which
was at 10:35 P-M., on Monday, September 19th,
he awoke from an apparent sleep, and com-
plained of pain in the region of the heart. He
soon after began to sink, and his spirit passed
away into the hands of the great God, who
'giveth to all the measure of their days.'

"Mrs. Garfield, Miss Mollie Garfield, Colonel

212

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Rockwell, General Swaim, and Drs. Bliss and
Agnew, were present during his dying mo-
ments."

The Zanesville "Post" (German), o'f Wednes-
day, September 21st, contained the following
editorial remarks on the death of President Gar-
field :

llnfer ^riifibent tobt.

„®§ ftfui met)!" — roarcn bic le^ien SBorte ©arfielbS
unb „S§ t^ut roe^ !" [IB^nt i^m bie 92ation in bumpfem
©c^mcrje nac^.

Urn 10:35 am 'TKontag Slbcnb entroftte nad) ac^t^ig
furd)tbaren SeibenStagen ein fd^merj^nfter 2;ob ben jroan-
^igflcn ^rafibenten ber SScr. ©taaten feinem 35olte.
Seine ©attin unb Sinter roaren nebft ben flerjten urn
i^n. Urn 10 iUlinuten nod) jctjn U^r betlemmte plBglt*^
tin ^elliger <S(!^mcrj fcine 95ruft unb entna^m if)m balb
ba§ Seroufetjein. 'IJlit ben angfierfiiHten ?lugen ber lie-
benben ©attin iiber fic^, tiaucftte &cr ®ulber feine grofec
©eele qu§. ®d^ er iiberlebt un§ alle in ber ©ejd^ii^te
unb im §erjen biefer Nation, neben cinem 2Saft)ington,
^efferjon, .^adion unb Sincoln, al§ ba§ TOufter eineS
grofeen ?lmeri£aner§, mie er fcincn 2Beg au§ hem Staube
eine§ armen SBQuernfiaufeS bt§ in ba§ Sic^t be§ pd)[ten
@^rent)(Q^e§ in ber 9Belt Bon ©tation ju ©tation, al§
SaglB^ner, ?Jlaultt)iertreiber, SanbjcftuIIebrcr, ©tubent,
SBiirgcrgeneral, 9lbgeorbneler unb Senator, ol§ glanjen-
ber Stebncr unb gelet)rter ©taatSmann miteifernem %lti%t
unb riefiger SBillenSfraft crrungen (jat. ©einem ®e=
bdc^tntfe roerben fo aufricfttige Ooationen gebrac^t, mie
fic feiner ber „Bererbten" SBntge ober „'3)erer Don ©ot=
tcs ©naben" fic^ bat maii^en laffen tBnnen, unb bie inntgfte
S^eilna^me roirb jeiner greifen Gutter unb ber eblen
©attin mit i^ren fiinf Sinbern ju 2;t)eil.

® ie fieid^c roirb ()eute juerft nac^ Iffiaffiington gebrad^t
unb am 5Jlontag in gteoelanb bcftuttet roerben. ®ic un =
mittelbare Urja(!^e non ©atfielb'S S;ob roar bie fecunbare
Slutung eincr Don ber ,^ugel oerle^ten %rterie, beren
pinteftarfe ©ntleerung it)m auf'§ £)erj briidte unb bic Ic^=
ten grofeen ©djmerjen Dcrurfad^te. 93ei ber arjtltd)en
Untcrjuc^ung fanb man auc^ no(t) in ber 9taf)e ber Slafe
eine \ti)S 3ott lange 6iterf)obIc unb einen bamit Derbun =
benen toon ber SQSunbc an jmij^cn ben iUlustcIn b'nfiibrcn=
ben ©itergang. ®ie 33ruft roar jifiroer affijirt, aber feine
©itcrung in ber 2unge; bagegen fanb fi(^ eine joldje an
ber linten 'J?iere. ©obann gab e§ aucft ©iterung an bem
rociii^en Snorpel be§ SBirbelS, roo bie Sugel angefi^Iagen
unb ficinc Snorpelftiide in bie SScid&t^eile getriebcn batte.
2)ie .ffugel rourbe 2^ ^oH Iint§ oom ffceuje, unter ber
SSruftbriifc t)inter ber ^armbaut in einem ®iterfade ge=
funbcn. ®r. Samb batte jroet ©tunben barnad^ ju jud^en.

33om ganjen Sanbe fommen ^tad^riditen Bon ber aD =
gemeinften Sraucr unb bem tiefernften E^aratter berjel'
ben. 3n mand&en ©tabtcn finb nid^t nur Bffentlic^e unb
®c(d^aft§=, fonbcrn and) ?Bo^nftau|cr fdftroarj brapirl unb
fofl iibcroB roaren am iKontag bie ©ejdjaftc fipirt.

The following is a translation of the above,
which is given for the benefit of the English
reader :

OUR PRESIDENT IS DEAD.

"Garfield's last words were, 'It hmts !' And
'It hurts !' groans the whole Nation in gloomy
sorrow.

' 'After eighty terrible days of suffering, the 19th
instant, at 10:35 P- M., death snatched our
twentieth President from his people. His wife
and two children were with the physicians at his

death-bed. At ten minutes past ten, a severe
pain had suddenly siezed upon his breast, and
soon made him unconscious. With the anxious
eyes of his faithful wife on him, the sufferer
breathed forth his great soul. But he will sur-
vive all of us, in history and in the hearts of the
people, by the side of a Washington, a Jefferson,
a Jackson, and a Lincoln, as a genuine model
of a great American, who had risen from the
dust of a lowly country house, into the light of
the highest place of honor in the world ; work-
ing from station to station, as laborer, mule-
driver, countrj' school teacher, student, citizen,
soldier. Congressman, and Senator ; as brilliant
orator and learned statesman, always with iron
energy and gigantic will-power. Ovations are
tendered to his memory, so sincere, as no "he-
reditary" king, or "ruler by the grace of God,"
could have procured for himself; and the most
fervent sympathy is offered to his aged mother,
and his noble wife, with her five children.

"The corpse is to-day taken, first to Washing-
ton, and will, on Monday, be buried near Cleve-
land. The immediate cause of his death, was a
secondary bleeding from an artery touched by
the bullet, which, amounting to as much as a
pint, pressed upon his heart and caused his last
great pains. At the autopsy a pus cavity was
found, six inches long ; and a pus canal, leading
down to the groin. His breast was badly affect-
ed, but no pus in the lungs : but there was an
affection of the left kidney. Pus had also been
found in the soft matter of the lumbar vertebra,
where the bullet had passed and driven small
pieces of the gristle into the soft parts near.
The bullet was found encysted, about two and a
half inches to the left of the spine. It had taken
two hours to find it.

'From the whole country the news comes of
the most general participation in the mourning,
and its profound sincerity. In many cities, not
onh' public, but also private and business houses
are draped in black ; and yesterday, activity had
almost entirely ceased."

The following remarks on the death of Presi-
dent Garfield are taken from the Zanesville
"Courier," and appeared in that paper the
day after the funeral :

"In Memoriam. — Amid the gloom which
enshrouds the Nation at the death of James A.
Garfield, the citizens of Zanesville assemble
to do honor to the memory of the illustrious
dead — A funeral pageant of mournful grandeur
traverses our streets, and touchingly tender me-
morial services are held, participated in by the
whole people !"

"The mortal remains of James A. Garfield
have been committed to the tomb, there to rest
until the last great day, when earth and sea shall
give up their dead. In every city, town, and
hamlet, throughout the United States, habili-
ments of mourning, for days past, have betokened
the grief of a stricken people. Long, mournful
funeral processions, yesterday, marched through
the streets, and the last sad tributes of respect

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

213

due from the living to the dead, were rendered
with becoming solemtiity. In all these duties,
the citizens of Zanesville and the Muskingum
Valley, from the moment the grand, heroic bat-
tle for life was ended, to the hour when the loved
form of the illustrious dead was committed to its
kindred dust, have not been lacking, in the
smallest detail. The solemn memorial services
of yesterday were fitting evidences of the love
and affection borne our late lamented President
by the people of this city, and the success attend-
ing every feature of the mournful ceremonies,
must have been highly gratifying to the various
committees in charge, as well as to the commu-
nity at large.

•'The Grand Marshal, General R. S. Granger,
had issued an order for the various civic and re-
ligious organizations to take part in th§ memorial
parade, to march promptly to the rendezvous ap-
pointed for the three divisions, at one o'clock, so
as to be ready- to move a half hour later, but a
furious rain storm swept over the city at the hour
named for assembling, and a change of pro-
gramme seemed necessary. The storm threat-
ened to continue throughout the afternoon, but,
owing to a want of means of communication
with the various bodies, no concerted action
could be taken, so that nothing could be done
but await developments. The Lodges and so-
cieties continued their preparations for the par-
ade, hoping that the storm would break and fair
weather render the consummation of the pro-
gramme possible. At half-past one, the dark,
lowering clouds began to part, and patches of
clear sky were revealed, in the southwest. Fif-
teen minutes later, the sun reappeared in his
majesty, and at two o'clock, amid tolling bells,
and the firing of minute guns from Putnam Hill,
the tread of battalions marching to the rendezvous
notified an expectant public that the parade
would take place. The thoroughfares over which
the column was to pass were extremel}^ muddy,
but no one complained. At a quarter of three
o'clock, the signal foi,- the start was given, and
the First Division, under command of Colonel
C. C. Goddard, filed out of Seventh into Market
street, moving eastwardly. Then followed the
Second Division, under command of Alexander
McConnell, from its rendezvous, on Fifth street,
and Colonel G. D. Munson's Third Division,
from Sixth street. The order of formation was
as follows :

FIRST DIVISION.

Garfield Guards, leading their horses.

Bauer's Band.

City Postmaster, and Employes at the Postoffioe.

County and City Officials.

Cyprus Commandery, K. T.

Hazlett Post, No. 81, G. A. K.

Ex-Soldiers and Sailors.

Officers and Orators of the Day in Carriages.

a
SECOND DIVISION.

Drum Corps.

Ancient Order of Hibernians.

St. Patrick Benevolent Society.

Father Matthew Temperance Society.

SECOND DIVISION — Continued.

St. Thomas Benevolent and Literary Society.

Knights of Labor.

St. Nicholas Society.

St. Joseph Society.

Young Men's Hebrew Association.

Members of the High School.

Pupils of the Public Schools.

Guiding Star Lodge, G. U. of O F.

THIRD DIVISION.

Barlow, Wilson, Primrose & West's Minstrels.

Barlow, WiUon, Primrose & West's Band.

Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

Mclntire Lodge, Knights of Pythias.

Independent Order of Kechabites.

Patriotic Order Sons of America.

Citizens on foot and in carriages.

City Fire Department.

LINE OF MARCH.

• The line of march, as announced by the Grand
Marshal, was strictly adhered to: East on
Market to Underwood ; south to Main ; west on
Main to Third ; south to South street ; east to
Sixth, and north on Sixth to the Mclntire Acad-
emy lot. The funeral pageant, of deep and
mournful grandeur, moved quietly through the
streets, the silence only being broken by the weird
notes of the funeral dirges and the muffled beats
of the drums. Every man and boy in the line
seemed to be impressed with the deep solemnity
of the hour, and the quietness which reigned was
in striking contrast to the order maintained in
funeral processions under the most favorable cir-
cumstances. The column moved in sections of
eight, a most difficult order, even for trained
troops, but the alignments were well preserved,
and the spectacle thus presented was grand be-
yond description. Scores of flags and banners
were carried at the head of the various orders,
all draped in sombre hues. A banner, worthy
of special mention, was that borne aloft at the
head of the brigade of Odd Fellows. It was
executed by Jacob Hinig, and represented the
Goddess of Liberty, rising from a cloud and in
the act of crowning Lincoln and Garfield. The
portraits were faithful to nature, and the concep-
tion so clever that when the banner appeared in
sight, the beholders reverently lifted their hats as
it was carried by. Bauer's Band, near the head
of the First Division, discoursed splendid music,
and the famed musical organization of Barlow,
Wilson, Primrose & West's Minstrels, attracted
very general attention. By the courtesy of
Prof. John Bauer, this band was supplied with
the score of appropriate funeral marches, and
the musicians only began the rehearsal of the
music the morning of the parade.

All along the routes of march the sidewalks
were densely packed ; the spectators looked on
in painful interest, and hundreds were affected to
tears. Never in our history had such a scene
been presented. The procession arrived at the
Mclntire Academy lot a few minutes before four
o'clock, and the column was massed in front of
the heavily draped stand. A chorus of seventy-

214

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

five voices, selected from the church choirs of the
city, under the direction of Prof. Lilienthal,
rendered a special programme. Chas. E. Mun-
son and Robt. Miller presided at the organs.
The singing was grand beyond description, and
reflected credit upon the committee, Messrs.
James A. Cox, Hiram Waller and J. J. Ingalls,
in charge of that department.

THE OFFICERS OF THE DAY.

The officers of the day were as follows :

President— Hon. W. H. Ball.

Vice Presidents— Mayor W. N. McCoy,
Thomas Griffith, Judge H. L. Korte, Joseph
Qiiales, Robert Lee, H.C. Van Voorhis and T.
S. Murphy.

After order had been restored, Jud'ge Ball
arose, and with great emotion, which he could
not restrain, said : "I am called to preside over
this meeting, and it is no ordinary duty, but it
will be one of no difficulty. You are called upon
to perform a solemn service in the presence of a
great calamity, such as has never befallen this
people. The late President Garfield has been
called to his Maker, in the heighth of his useful-
ness, and while the people mourn with saddened
hearts, they are ready to say, amen. When
President Garfield was called hence, he had, in
an unlimited degree, the confidence of the whole
people. He was stricken down by an assassin
whose crime reached fifty millions of people,
whose venality is without a parallel in histoiy.
When a man like President Garfield is stricken
down by a villain like Guiteau, the people do
mourn. More than this, I, perhaps, ought not
to sa}' now, but allow me to add that since that
fatal shot was fired, I have been south of Mason
and Dixon's line, and have talked in all confidence
with men who served in the Confederate army,
and with women who sympathized with the re-
bellion. Allow me to say, that their sympathy
for the stricken President was as great as yours,
and their horror at the awful deed as intense as
any people on earth. I have often wondered
why one scoundrel was permitted to commit such
a crime, and inflict such a disasterupon a people,
but I suppose some good will come from it. It
must be so, I suppose. Guiteau had the power,
but it must never again be so under any circum-
stances of power. The choir will now sing
"Nearer My God, to Thee."

The great audience bowed in silence, as the
beautiful hymn was sung with marked effect,
and the Rev. J. McK. Pittenger offered an elo-
quent prayer, which was published in yester-
day's "Courier."

"Asleep in Jesus,"

by the choir, followed, and then Judge Granger
was introduced by the President. He said :

"On the 26th of September, 1881, a spectacle
is presented, the like of which no other day in
the history of the earth and man has seen. A
nation of fifty millions of people, occupying more
than half of the habitable portion of a continent,
is assembled to bury its dead ruler. Other great
nations from beyond the oceans of the east and

the west are spectators of the funeral, rites,
and sympathize with the 4)ereaved people, as
mourners for the great dead.

"When Abraham Lincoln's funeral cortege
passed amid sorrowing millions from the sea
coast to his prairie home, our fellow men beyond
the Atlantic were yet ignorant of the crime that
had slain our second Washington. Three of the
Southern armies had not surrendered, and the
Southern people still yielded allegiance to Jeffer-
son Davis. But almost before the dwellers at
Elberon were sure that the soul of Garfield had
gone to God, the midnight bells were tolling the
sad news in Europe, as well as throughout
America. It is to-day the wires that cross the
continents and underlie the great seas that enable
us to realize as a living fact how a "touch of pit}'
reaches the .whole world's kin."

"As we look upon him dead, it is fit that we
think of the life and of the death. Although cut
off" before he was yet fifty years old, he -had not
lived in vain. Born in poverty, and compelled
to labor in order that he might learn, before his
forty-ninth year had closed he was the chosen
Chief Magistrate of the strongest Nation of the
strongest race of mankind. This rise came not
by revolution, nor was it the result of the fickle
choice of any potentate. Such causes gave to
Rome Emperors who were born at the foot
of the social hill ; but Garfield, by a steady tread,
walked upward from laborer to student, teacher,
State Legislator, General, Congressman, United
States Senator and President. His life is a shin-
ing example for the youth of our land. It does
not teach that every poor lad can become the
ruler of his country, or even one of the great
men of his State ; but from it we know that in-
tellect, supplemented by industry, study, energy,
temperance, courage, and a heart full of kindli-
ness, mark out a broad highway for all who wish
to be ujseful and happy in their lives, and to be
followed to their graves by the loving sorrow of
their fellow men.

"As James A. Garfield laj-^ in bodily weakness
and pain these manjr weeks, whatever of grief
came to him was because future usefulness to his
country seemed forbidden. His backward gaze
saw days, and weeks, and years of duty faith-
fully and ably done, as a pupil, a teacher, a
Legislator, a Soldier, a Statesman, a Ruler ; and
also as a son, a husband and a father. The
essence of the happiness given him by such a
retrospect, as well as enjoyed by him while days
and years were being lived, consisted in what
he had done, and done for others ; not in the
possession and the holding of offices by him ; not
in the being a teacher, a General, a Statesman,
or a Ruler, but in the faithful and successful doing
of the duties of each post so long as he held it.
And so doing, doing well the work and duty im-
posed on him by his relations to others, he won
success and happiness for himself, as well as for
them. So doing, and doing for others, he lived
a Christian life, for the essence of Christianity,
as exemplified in the life of Christ himself, is the
doing good for others."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

21!

The speaker here presented a masterly anal-
ysis of the dead President's character, which a
want of space only prevents printing in full.
His closing words were :

"God permitted death to remove our President.
The assassin's shot disarmed prejudice. The
Southern people saw that a man born at the
North, trained in opinions the opposite of those
most dear to them, elected Chief Magistrate by
a party deemed by their record hostile to their
interests, was a man of great heart as well as of
intellect ; of great magnanimity, as well as of
great industry ; in a word, that he was a man
worthy of love and admiration, and not at all a
man to be hated or condemned.

"And so Garfield — dead — will still live, a proof
that there is no such difference between men of
the North and men of the South as will prevent
the earnest union of all Americans in love for
their common country, and in patriotic effort to
make theAmerican people the noblest Nation on
the earth.

"Under God's will, Garfield did not die in

vam.

Chant — " Eemember Now Thy Creator,"

was sung by the Barlow, Wilson, Primrose &
West Quartette — Messrs. Howard, Kelly, Rad-
clifF and Belknap. The first demonstration of
applause offered at the Memorial Services fol-
lowed this matchless performance.

Owing to the illness of F. H. Southard, he
could not bepresent, and the audience was de-
prived of what all knew would be a tender trib-
ute to the memory of a great man.

Bauer's Band rendered the beautiful hymn,

" Thou Art Gone to the Grave,"

with great feeling.

A. W. Train spoke substantially as follows:
" Mr. President — A brief review of the sickness
of General Garfield will call to mind some very
peculiar circumstances. " The great distinguish-
ing feature of the sorrow that hung around the
President's bed, was the unusual interest taken
in him by the people. He was not watched over
alone by persons high in authority, and officers
of great rank. The distinguishing feature was
that everybody had an interest in the life of the
President. There is some good reason for this.
There was never anything before like the
solemn funeral train from Washington to Cleve-
land, that turned out to do reverence to the
illustrious dead. The Mechanic in his shop,, the
farmer in his field, the laborer at his toil, paused
in their work and looked on in mute sorrow, as
the funeral cortege rolled on. It was. the most
remarkable exhibition of feeling ever witnessed
in this country. The people do not sorrow be-
cause a President is gone, but because Garfield
is gone. I undertake to say, that General Gar-
field was the most complete type of American
character and American growth ever produced.
If I address the carpenters, they will say, he
represented us ; with the jack plane and saw,
he worked at the bench. If I address the work-
ingmen, they will say, he represented us ; with

his hands, he chopped wood at twenty-five cents
a cord, and made a hand in the harvest field, at
one dollar a day. If I address the students,
they will say, he represented us, because he was
a seeker after knowledge. If I address the liter-
ary .people, they will say he represented us. If
I ask the statesmen, they will say, he repre-
sented us. I undertake to say, that in general
average, he was above all. Is it any wonder
that the whole people bow in sorrow, and in
mourning? The life and character of General
Garfield will not be fully understood for many
years. Like the lofty mountain, its grand
dimensions are not appreciated until its solid
base is uncovered. As long as General Garfield
was in public life, he did hot utter a proposition
that did not meet the approval of his conscience.
He was a politician, but without craft. Read
him as you will, he was a most remarkable man.
During the eighteen years of his public life, he
discussed more matters of public interest than
any man in the House of Representatives. His
public utterances make volumes of records, and
no man ever questioned the honesty of his state-
ments. I saw General Garfield in Congress
during a great discussion, when the entire North
and South were looking on with almost breath-
less interest. General Garfield was the repre-
sentative of the North, and Senator Lamar of
the South. The debate i-ivaled in intensity and
power the famous discussion between Webster
and Hayne,.and yet the first man to congratu-
late General Garfield at its close was the van-
quished chieftain of the South. They never ha-
ted General Garfield ; he never insulted one of
their representatives, or that people. General
Garfield will be mourned as long as the Republic
lives. It makes it a little bitter to reflect that he
fell by the hand of an assassin, but our Govern-
ment and institutions are. not dependent upon
the life of any man. Whenever any Govern-
ment depends upon the life of any single individ-
ual, it will go down. In the language of the
fallen hero : " God reigns, and the Government
at Washington still lives."

• A double male quartette sang the hymn, "In-
teger Vitae," with wonderful effect, and then
Rev. George F. Moore delivered the closing ad-
dress, which was as follows :

"Mr. President — My fellow-citizens: — As I
listened to the eloquent tributes which have been
paid by the preceding speakei^s to the memory of
our lamented President, I felt the force of what
an old time preacher said, " what can the man
do that Cometh after the King? Even that
which hath been already- done.

"I shall not, therefore, speak in any extended
way of President Garfield's life ; I shall attempt
no eulogy of him, whose highest praise is the
silent grief of the civilized world to-day. But
there is one light in which I would set his death.
We may regard it as a monstrous crime, in
many respects without parallel in history ; we
may regard it as an overwhelming calamity, but
I would rather look upon it as a great sacrifice^

"He gave his life for his country. If he had

2l6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

fallen on that September day, eighteen years ago,
while riding into the jaws of death, he ran the
gauntlet of Longstreet's sharpshooters to save
Thomas and the army, all would have said :
He laid down his life for us. To-day the offer-
ing is more precious ; the sacrifice is not less
real.

"There are two senses, in which he died for his
country : First, in that it was through no fault of
his that he fell. The assassin had no grievance
of his own to avenge. He represented an idea
which is the curse of American politics — the idea
that offices, which are public trusts, should be
the rewardof party service. And you and 1 are
in our measure responsible for the existence of
the state of things which made it possible even
for a mad-man to conceive such a crime.

"Then Garfield died for his country in another
sense — for the good of his country.

"If all good citizens are brought to see the evil
of the spoils system, and to unite their efforts to
overthrow it, the death of the President will have
done for the reform of the Civil Service more
than even he could have accomplished in his
life.

"The way in which the weeks of watching over
the sick, and in these days of mourning for the
dead, party and sectional division have disap-
peared, has been already remai-ked.

"But there is, I think, something more than this.
The last few weeks have shown that in the heart
of the American people there lay- unsuspected,
even by themselves, the possibility of a magnifi-
cent personal loyalty. It has been often said
that the practical turn of the American mind pre-
vented that idealizing, that hero making, and
hero worship, without which personal loyalt}'
is impossible. Men have even said that loyalty
is one of the chivalric virtues which is dead in
the modern world. But what monarch in the
palmy days of chivalry ever received the tribute
of a loyalty as spontaneous, as splendid as that
which this American people has displayed in
these last weeks ?

"Where was there ever such a triumphal pro-
gress as that journey of the wounded President
from Washington to Elberon ? And that loyalty
will not be buried in the grave by the lake side.
It will be transferred to his successor in office,
and will insure him the generous confidence and
support of all good citizens.

"It is a costly sacrifice, but if, by it, long es-
tablished abuses are overthrown ; if a long prayed
for reconciliation is cemented in his blood ; if a
new and generous loyalty is born, he would not
count it too costly. When, at the beginning of
the war, he resolved to offer his service to his
country, in the field, seeing how completely that
step broke up all his plans, he wrote : "It is not
without regret that 1 look upon the ruins. But
if, as the result of the broken plans and shattered
individual lives of thousands of American citi-
zens, we can see on the ruins of our old National
errors a new and enduring fabric arise, based on
larger freedom and higher justice, it will be a
small sacrifice, indeed. For myself, I am con-

tented with the prospect, and, regarding my life
as given to my country, am only anxious to
make as much of it as possible, before the mort-
gage upon it is foreclosed. Be it ours to see
that this precious sacrifice is not in vain !"

The solemn memorial services were appro-
priately closed with the National anthem,
"America," and as the choir repeated the words
of the first line,

" My country, 'tis of thee,"

a great hush came over the audience, and many
eyes were suffused with tears.

General Ball asked the people to disperse
quietly, and feelingly requested that the good
order which had characterized the services
throughout, would be maintained during the
evening. Rev. Mr. Willifer pronounced the
benediction ; the various societies then marched
back to their halls, and the memorial services
in honor of the late lamented President, James
A. Garfield, were ended.

CHAPTER XV.

WATEK WORKS.

The first attempt in Zanesville was made by
David J. Marple and Wyllys Silliman, to whom
the City Council granted the privilege of laying
pipe and building a reservoir. The ordinance
authorizing this work was passed in May, 1816,
and the water works inaugurated in 181 7.

The reservoir was located near the corner of
Underwood street and Fountain alley ; was built
of cut stone, puddled with white clay, and arched
over with brick. In those da3S, the springs were
much stronger than now, and water was brought
from the springs on the surrounding hills ; from
the spring at Best's still-house, east of Green
lane, through Mrs. Fell's pasture lot, to the reser-
voir— through a cut of twentj'-five feet — the
necessary fall. The reservoir was seventy-five
feet long and twenty-five feet wide, and nine
feet deep. The logs used tor piping were prin-
cipally elm, poplar and oak. The work of pre-
paring them was done on the lot where Mr. F.
J. L. I31andy"s residence now stands. The hole
through the logs was two and a half to thi'ee and
a half inches in diameter — they tapered and
were driven together. The hydrants were of
the primitive order, made by driving an upright
pipe, about seven feet long, into the water-mains,
and at the top a piece of wood was driven in, to
keep the water from flowing out, and then a
faucet of -wood or brass was inserted. The chief
water-main ran down Main street, below Third,
with branches on the side streets, and in winter
required to be well protected to prevent freezing.
While water was being drawn from a hydrant at
the lower end of the street, none could be had at
the upper end, and vice versa. Captain John
Dulty lived on the corner of Seventh and Foun-
tain alley, and had the first hydrant on the line,
and when he drew water all hydi-ants below were
closed. The reservoir was not much higher

^:=7^^^fljTaLi^tE=sfcg W fe--!|g^^ ^^

Room S of SPANGLER & FINLEY'S REAL ESTATE OFFICES, as seen from Room 7.

Rooms 9 and lO of SPANGLER & FINLEY'S REAL ESTATE OFFICES.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

217

than the hydrants and the pressure was not
sufficient. The water was so tinctured with the
wood through which it passed that it was not
suitable for drinking or cooking.

The minimum price fixed for water supply to
a family, was $5.00 a year, but the projectors of
the enterprise never collected a cent for the use
of water furnished to the citizens. The whole
affair was a loss. This reservoir remained in
existence until 1831, when the cut stones were
taken out and sold for building purposes.

The second water works were completed in
the autumn of 1842. The money used in con-
structing them was loaned to the town of Zanes-
ville by the Canal and Manufacturing Company,
being $39,443.18, for twenty-four years, from
January ist. 1842. -These works were driven by
water power, and continued in use utitil 1873,
when they were entirely abandoned.

The third water works were constructed in
1868, and driven by steam, and continued in use
until 1873, when the present works were con-
structed. The works built in 1S68, are in good
repair, and held as a reservoir, in case of acci-
dent to the new works. The present works,
(including that on the uplands,) cost $175,000.-
00. There are two reservoirs, with a capacity of
four million and five hundred thousand gallons.
Their elevation above low water mark in the
river is two hundred feet. The pumping capac-
ity of the engines is about five million gallons
each, in twenty-four hours. The total cost of
all works (now in good condition), with their ap-
purtenances, was about $500,000.

The customary "By Laws, Rules and Regula-
tions," have been adopted. The last, annual re-
port of the Trustees of Water Works, for the
year ending March 14th, 1880, contains the
usual details, covering twenty-eight pages,
which we do not think germain to this recital.

The following are the officers of the Water
Works :

Board of Trustees— R. D. Schultz, M. Chur-
chill, C. Stolzenbach. Superintendent, Elias
Ebert ; Secretarj^, R. J. J. Harkins.

At the date of this report, the condition of the
Water Works was as follows :

Total number of fire plugs in the city 188

" " " Street and private sprinklers 237

" " "Hydrants and taps ,. 2,307

" " " Steam engines supplied 51

" " ~ " Hydraulic elevators supplied 4

" " " Brickyards supplied 5

" " " Water motors supplied 5

Length of cast iron mains, thirty-two miles 116 feet.

Total number of gallons pumped 702,313,204

" Cost of pumping 1,000,000 gallons $16 64

" " " running the works for the year 12,894 02

The income for each 1,000,000 gallons pumped 30 51

RECEIPTS.

Balance on band March 15, 1879 $ 2,220 56

Water rents and all other sources 24,576 44

Total ,. $ 26,797 00

Expenditures 22,828 42

Balance on hand, March 14, 1880 $ 3,968 58

CHAPTER XVI.

BANKS AND MONEY INSTITUTIONS.

THE TOWN OF ZANESVILLE — SHIN-PLASTERS

THE FARMERS & MECHANICS' BANK OF ZANES-
VILLE THE ROUND RING SOCIETY MUSKIN-
GUM BANK THE FRANKLIN BANK THE FRANK-
LIN BANKING COMPANY — THE SECOND NATIONAL

BANK THE MUSKINGUM VALLEY BANK C. W.

POTWIN & CO.'S BANK CITIZENS' NATIONAL

BANK MUSKINGUM BRANCH OF STATE BANK

OF OHIO THE MUSKINGUM NATIONAL FIRST

NATIONAL THE UNION BANK THE DEPOSIT

BANK OF C. C. RUSSELL & CO THE DEPOSIT

BANK SAVINGS BANK HOME BUILDING COM-
PANY'S BANK.

From the beginning of the reign of Henry I.,
(Beauclerc) in the eleventh century, and on down
to the estabHshment of the Bank of England,
which was incorporated by William III., in
1694, the legal tender monejs or i-epresentative
of money in England, was made of wood.
The holder was entitled to receive from the
Crown the value inscribed thereon. A four
sided rod was carved in transverse notches, vary-
ing in width for thousands, hundreds, scores,
pounds, shillings and pence, for those who could
not read ; and for those who could read, the sum
was written in ink on two opposite sides of the
staff, and, finally, the staff was split in two, lon-
gitudinally ; one half was called the tally, or
check, and one was laid up for safe keeping, un-
til its corresponding tally should be brought bj^
the person who had last given value for it. From
this primitive tally was derived the Exchequer
bill, first introduced by Mr. Montague, the Coun-
cellor of the exchequer, in 1696. The exchequer
derived the word bill from the Norman French
word, di'lle, which means staff.

The town of Zanesville issued "shin-plasters,"
of which the following is a copy :

" 6i cents — Treasurer of the town of Zanesville,
pay the bearer, in current bank notes, six and
one-fourth cents, on the presentation of orders
amounting to five dollars. Zanesville, May
27, 1837." Isaac Spangler,

James Crosby, President.

Recorder.
In 1815-16-17, the county was full of shin-
plasters, issued by banks and individuals, repre-
senting'Sums of from six and one-fourth cents
to seventy-five cents.

August 17, 1817, the Farmers and Mechanics"
Bank, of Zanesville, was in operation ; and Feb-
ruary 10, 1819, "the Zanesville Canal and Man-
ufacturing Company's Bank" published the fol-
lowing statement (as required by law) :

Paid up capital, $79,125 ; notes in circulation,
$40,250; deposits, $5,258; bills discounted,
$30,481 ; specie, $10,582 ; Ohio, United States
Bank and other notes, $12,501 ; real estate, $31,-

857-

The Round Ring Society — "Shin-plasters"
were issued in denominations ranging from six
and one-fourth cents to seventy-five cents, inclu-

2l8

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

sive, by order of the "Round Ring Society."
This .organization is said to have been composed
of members of the Jefferson School of Politics,
and to have held secret meetings, at which re-
freshments of all kinds were served. The Or-
der adopted an emblem, which was a ring, with
a spade within the circle. Samuel Gofi was
President, and signed his name with the suffix,
R. R. B. S.

Muskingum Bank was inaugurated about the
tirst of September, 1812, with the following
Board of Directors: A. M. Laughlin, Presi-
'dent ; E.Buckingham, John Mathews, J. Van
Home, W. Silliman, R. Fulton, J. Price, J. F.
Munroe.J. Mclntire, A. H. Wood, J. Hazlett,
M. Dillon and Arius Nye. Mr. E. Granger was
chosen cashier.

"The Directors (of Muskingum Bank) have
called for an installment to be paid on the 27th
of October, $1.50 on a share."

The following paper, having the official signa-
tures of the officers and directors of Muskingum
Bank, shows the determination of those gentlemen
to secure fair dealing ; also the true spelling of
the names, one in particular having been spelled
in different ways, and as this is Mr. Silliman's
own signature, this dispute is settled :

"Ordered that the Board of Directors of the
Bank of Muskingum, now in session, do here-
by, for value received, release Horace Nye from
all and every demand against said Horace Nye,
as either drawer or endorser, or in any manner
whatever, said Horace Nye having this day paid
to said bank his only note in the name of Horace
Nye & Company, for the sum of three hundred
and seventy-five dollars.

Witness our hands and seals, this 29th of July,
1819.

E. Buckingham, Jr., [Seal.]
President.

[Seal.]

Horace Reed, [Seal.]

James Taylor, [Seal.]

Wyllys Silliman, [Seal.]
Alvah Buckingham, [Seal.]
Samuel Thompson, [Seal.]
David Chambers, [Seal.]
Witness: Alex. Harper.

The following paper exhibits a disaster that
happened to the bank :

"Bank of Muskingum, January 9, 1819.
'■'■To Whom it may concern: — This will make
known, that the bearer hereof, Horace Nye, Esq.,
is a Director of the Bank of Muskingum ; that he
has been duly appointed by the Board of Direc-
tors of said bank, to go in pursuit of David J.
Marple, late cashier of said bank, who absconde'd
on Tuesday morning last, as is supposed, with a

large amount of the funds of said bank ; and the
said Horace Nye is hereby authorized, in behalf
of, and at the expense of said bank, to take all
lawful measures to arrest and secure said David
J. Marple, that he may be dealt with according
to law and justice.

By order of the Board of Directors.

E. Buckingham, Jr.,

President.
The original copj^ of this and the preceding
paper, are in the possession of Dr. Horace Nye,
No. 105 Muskingum avenue.

The Franklin BANK-^This Bank was opened
in 1838, by gentlemen of Putnam. Among the
stockholders were Solomon Sturges, A. Buck-
ingham, H. Sturges, Daniel Brush, John Peters,
J. V. Cushing and E. Buckingham. This Bank
was succeeded by the Franklin Banking Com-
pany, in 1858. The members of the firm were
Daniel Brush, C. W. Potwin and C. E. Robins.
Mr. Robins retired from the firm in the fall of
1859. A. V. Smith purchased the interest of
Daniel Brush in the spring of 1862.

The Second National Bank — This Bank
was organized in the fall of 1863 ; C. W. Potwin,
President, and A. V. Smith, Cashier, who served
the nine years of its operations. Among the
stockholders were J. V. Cushing, H. Sturges,
Daniel Brush, J. Taylor, Jr., and S. R. Hosmer.
This Bank was closed, and the assets divided,
in the fall of 1872.

The Muskingum Valley Bank — This Bank,
very soon 'after, succeeded the Second National
Bank, with A. H. Brown and A. ^'. Smith,
stockholders, and continued to do business until
the fall of 1873, when C. W. Potwin and A. V.
Smith succeeded to the business, under the name
of C. W. Potwin & Co's. Bank, and continued to
do business until Julj' ist, i88i, when the busi-
ness was closed, and the Citizens" National
Bank became the successor to C. W. Potwin &
Co's. Bank, with the following officers :

President — ^J. T. Gorsuch.

Vice President — W. M. Shinnick.

Cashier — A. V. Smith.

Directors — J. T. Gorsuch, W. M. Shinnick,
Francis.Wedge, Perry Wiles, F. B. Abbott, C.
II. Jones and G. H. Fauley. Capital, $200,000.

The Muskingum Branch of the State
Bank of Ohio — This Bank was organized about
1848. H. M. Kearny was President, and D.
C. Convers, Cashier. The capital was $100,-
000. The bank was chartered, and continued to
do business until 1865, when the charter expired.
This Bank was succeeded by the Muskingum
National, about the year 1864, with Daniel
Applegate as President, and D. C. Convers as
Cashier. The capital of this Bank was $100,-
000, and it continued to do business until January
14, 1871. The stockholders being largely in-
terested, also in the First National, the two

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

219

were consolidated under the name of the First
National Bank.

First National Bank — No. 134 Main street.
The Article of Association was dated, October
14, 1863,' and, framed in accordance with the
provisions of the Act of Congress, appeared
February 25th, 1863. On the i6th of November
following, a Board of Directors was chosen, con-
sisting of Peter Black, Joseph Black, John A.
Adams, E. E. Fillmore, Dr. C. C. Hildreth, W.
A. Graham and Chas. C. Russell. Peter Black
was elected President, and Charles C. Russell,
Cashier.

The Bank organized October i6th, 1863, with
a Capital of one hundred thousand dollars.

On the i8th of February, 1869, Charles C.
Russell resigned his office as Cashier, and was
succeeded by Mr. E. Martin.

January 14th, 1871, the Muskingum National
Bank was consolidated with the First National
Bank, and the act approved by the Comptroller
of the Currency, at Washington, D. C. By this
act, the capital of the former Bank was added to
the latter, and thereby increased to two hundred
thousand dollars. Under this management,
Peter Black was continued as President, and E.
Martin as Cashier. On the 14th of January,
1874, ^^- Martin resigned, and George H.
Stewart became Cashier. Peter Black died
July 7th, 1878, and on the nth of that month,
Wm. A. Graham became his successor as Presi-
dent.

The panic of 1873, that proved disastrous to
many banks, did not affect the First National.
All demands were paid promptly, thus imposing
the fullest confidence, which it still enjoys.

The present capital is $200,000 ; the surplus
fund, $50,000.

The Directors are — W. A. Graham, R. D.
Shultz, Joseph Black, Alexander Grant, C. C.
Hildreth, M. D., Wm. Fox and C. Stolzenbach.

The present officers are W. A. Graham, Pres-
ident ; George H. Stewart, Cashier ; and T. W.
Gattrell, Assistant Cashier.

The Union Bank, 128 Main street, was or-
ganized December 16, 1872, and is a partner-
•ship, with large individual liability. The parties
being among the most wealthy and responsible
manufacturers, merchants and farmers in the
•county.

The officei-s are : President, F. J. L. Blandy ;
Vice President, L. Wiles; Cashier, John J.
Ingalls.

Its provision against burglai's is perfect, having
an extra strong ■ iron-lined vault, with burglar
box safe, all secured by five of the very best
combination and time locks.

The Deposit Bank. — This institution com-
menced business June 15, 1869, under the name
of "The Deposit Bank of C. C. Russell & Co."
The company was composed of C. C. Russell,
ThomasL. JewettandHugh J. Jewett. Thomas
L. Jewett died in 1876, and his interest was pur-
chased by Hugh J. Jewett. March 13, 1880,

Hugh J. Jewett retired from the firm, his interest
being puixhased by Charles C. Russell. Thomas
Griffith, William Price and Charles M. Gattrell
were then admitted, as members of the firm.

Charles C. Russell died June 4th, 1880, and
the business has been continued by the Russell
estate and Thomas Griffith, William Price and
Charles M. Gattrell, under the old firm name,
and at the saine place occupied by C. C. Russell
& Co., southeast corner of Fifth and Main
streets.

Savings Banks. — These institutions are now
so well known that but little explanation is need-
ed at this time. The first in the United States
was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 ; the
second was opened in Boston, in 1817, the object
being to afford any one, old, young, rich or poor,
an opportunity to save money "for a rainj^ day,"
by depositing, in a safe place, sums for accumu-
lation, ranging from ten cents upward.

The first savings bank in Zanesville, Ohio, was
organized in 1875, under the control of the Mu-
tual Building and Savings Association, and rap-
idly grew into favor, and continued to do busi-
ness until the Manager, Mr. Henry Jones, failed
in health, and advised the Directors to either
elect some one in his place, or close the concern.
They elected to do the latter, and notified the de-
positoi's to withdraw their deposits, which they
did, and the institution closed in the fall of 1879.
The demand for such an institution was such that
it was deemed expedient to reopen, provided a
competent Manager could be found. Mr. Jones,
having partially recovered, was prevailed upon
to accept the situation, and the business was re-
sumed, under the name and style of " The Home
Building Company," in March, 1880. The insti-
tution does not seek commercial deposits, makes
no short loans, nor on personal security ; it loans
from six months to one or more years, on first
mortgages on real estate collateral, on city o.r
country property.

The business is managed by Mr. Henry Jones,
the President, and Mr. Jefferson Van Home, as
Secretary, with a Board of Directors, now com-
posed of Henry Jones, J. B. Allen, J. M. Lane,
G. M. Jewett, Harvey Darlinton, James T. Ir-
vine, J. P. Ford, J. M. Bonnet, and William C.
Townsend, and located at No. 155 Main street,
Zane House Building.

bank directory, 1 88 1.

First National Bank — Organized, 1863 ; located
at 134 Main street.

Deposit Bank — Organized, 1869; located at
southeast corner Fifth and Main streets.

Union Bank — Organized, 1872 ; located at 128
Main street.

Home Building Company (Savings) — Organ-
ized, 1880; located at 155 Main street, Zane
Building.

Citizens' National— Organized, 1881 ; located
at 130 Main street.

220

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

CHAPTER XVII.

FIKB DEPAKTMENT.

THE SUBSCRIPTION TO THE FIRE COMPANY, 1819

^UNION FIRE ENGINE COMPANY THE DOG,

"minus" THE mechanics' FIRE COMPANY

THE RELIEF FIRE COMPANY UNION FIRE

COMPANY THE HOPE HOSE COMPANY THE

STAR HOSE COMPANY ^ THE EAGLE FIRE

COMPANY THE MUSKINGUM FIRE COMPANY

RESCUE HOOK AND LADDER COMPANY, NO.

5 RELIEF, NO. 7 "76" HOSE COMPANY

THE NEPTUNE HOSE COMPANY NIAGARA HOSE

COMPANY THE RESCUE, NO. 7, REORGANIZED

REPORT OF THE CHIEF FIRE ENGINEER, MR.

H. SHRIMPTON HOPE COMPANY STAR HOSE

CO^^'ANY, NO. 2 THE RELIEF HOSE COMPANY,

NO. 3 EAGLE HOSE COMPANY, NO. 4 NIAG-
ARA HOSE COMPANY, NO. 5.

December 22d, 1819, the "Zanesville Express"
contained the following notice: "The subscrib-
ers to the Fire Engine Company are requested
to meet in the court house, on Thursday, Decem-
ber 23d, at two o'clock, p. M., for the purpose of
organizing, electing officers, and transacting such
Other business as may be necessarjr."

Michael Dulty is credited with the information
that ' ' the members were all property holders and
business men, and they put out the fires — with as
little water as possible."

Union Fire Engine Company. — The compa-
ny organized as "Union Fire Engine Company,"
and elected Michael Peters, Captain. They had
forty members, fifteen of whom were required to
work the engine, and the remainder formed the
"bucket line," which, sometimes, included men,
women and children. The members were each
furnished with two leather buckets, and his name
was painted thereon. It was no unusual sight to
see the fireman's buckets, which he kept at
home, hanging up, filled with water, in readiness
for service.

Among the members at this time, we have been
able to obtain the narnes following : William
Twaddle, Joseph Church, S. Deffenbaugh, James
Culbertson, Michael Dulty, John Dulty, Adam
and John Peters, Nathaniel and Charles Wilson,
Nathaniel Sprague, and Richard and George
Reeve.

Among the members during 1820-21, WL're :
Robert Steward, Leonard P. Bailey, James Cald-
well, Richard Gallagher, James Crosbjr, John M.
Leary, John T. Fracker, William Blocksom,
James Raguet, William Twaddle, Joseph Church,
Solomon Deffenbaugh, James Culbertson, Chas.
Hill, Jown Sheward, David Spangler, Isaac Dil-
lon, John D. Dare, Henry Orndorff, George
James, James Raguet, Gorgius A. Hall, and
Isaac Campbell, Sr. Some of these were mem-
bers in 1825.

The company had ladders, also, which were
kept at "the Fire Company House," southeast
corner of Fourth street and Fountain alley.

This company had a dog — "a regular fire-
man's purp." His name was Minus, but he was

never minus when the fire bell rung ; he knew the
sound as well as any of us.

The Mechanics' Fire Company was organ-
ized in November, 1836, and elected the fol-
lowing officers :

President — Colonel John T. Fracker.

Secretary and Treasurer — BernardVan Home.

First Engineer — Eli as Ebert.

Second Engineer — Isaac Campbell.

Directors — Daniel Biaish, James Raguet, and
Anthonj'- Wilkins.

Among the active members were : Samuel
Clark, Daniel Applegate, Josiah S. Copeland,
Horatio J. Cox, George Rishtine, William Block-
som, E. T. Cox and John D. Dare. They or-
ganized with one hundred members, and each
wore a red badge, with " M. F. C," in gold let-
ters, thereon. From 1836 to 1840 they used the
old buildings, southeast corner of Fourth street
and Fountain alley, for engine purposes.

The Relief Fire Company. — Zanesville,
January loth, 1839. "Pursuant to notice given,
a meeting was held at the Senate Chamber for
the purpose of forming a new fire company.
After the meeting was called to order, Mr. R.
Hazlett was chosen Chairman, and E. Eastman,
Secretary."

The Chairman was authorized to appoint a
committee on Constitution and By-Laws, which
consisted of G. L. Shinnick. B. Hyde, N. G.
Abbott, H. Rogers and James Hazlett ; instructed
to report on the the 14th, ult. On this day, pur-
suant to adjournment, they met at J. P. Barton's
room, reported the Constitution and By-Laws,
and elected the following officers :

President — N. G. Abbott.

Vice President — G. L. Shinnick.

Secretary — James .Sheward.

Treasurer — James Hazlett.

First Engineer — Robert Lashly.

Second Engineer — John Printz.

Standing Committee — A. Printz, R. S. Adams,
R. I. Morrow, Jesse Fox and Horace Granger.

The membership consisted of Joseph W. Pot-
win, James Ha*lett, Benjamin Hyde, Theodore
Converse, R. I, Morrow, Zeph' Clements,
Samuel C. Abbot, Gemmil Arthur, John Quigley,
F. B. Abbott, Robert Hazlett, Jr., E. B. East-
man, James Sheward, N. G. Abbott, George L.
Shinnick, John Alter, Jr., Robert Lashley, J. G.
Stewart, Wm. Menard, J. C. Davis, " Alfred
Printz, Joseph Gallagher, A. K. Alter, Jesse
Fox, John Printz, T. F. Nevitt, R. S. Adams,
Israel W. Green, N. D. Mundy, James P. Bar-
ton, M. Abernathy, Jacob Eoff, H. C. Granger,
Fred Dieterich, Wm. Scrivner, M. S. Mitchell,
Hiram Davidson, Isaac B. Stubbs, George Dare,
John Launder, S. Ragor, J. McCormick, C.
McDill and H. P. Culbertson.

The first engine they had was called "the
Little Old Hydraulic," and stood side by side
with the Union, (at southeast corner of Fourth
and Fountain alley.) It was ver}^ exciting to see
these two companies run with their engines to a
fire. The engine was constructed so as to draw

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

221

its supply of water and throw it at the same time,
and was considered "the best in town." One
half of the force required to work it stood on the
engine, and the other half on the ground.

Uniox Fire Company — Act of Incorporation,
dated Februai-y 14, 1840, signed. by Thomas J.
Buchanan, Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives, and William McLaughlin, Speaker of the
Senate, which is as follows :

Sec. I. Be it enacted by the General Assem-
bly of the State of Ohio, that James Raguet,
Daniel Brush, Anthony Wilkins, D. J. Culbert-
son, William Shultz, Isaac Campbell and those
who maj' hereafter be associated with them, are
hereby made a body politic and corporate, for
the purpose of extinguishing fires, under the
name of the "Union Fire Company of Zanes-
ville," with succession for thirty years, and by
such name, and in their corporate capacity, they
may make contracts, may sue and be sued,
answer and be answered unto all courts of this
State having cognizance'; may hold property,
real and personal, to the amount of five thousand
dollars, whether by purchase, gift, bequest or
devise, and make and establish by-laws for their
government, not incompatible with the constitu-
tion of the United States, or of this State, pro-
vided that the funds of said company shall not
be used for building, insurance or any other pur-
pose than those connected with the fire depart-
ment.

[Section 2 omitted.]

"Secretary of State's Office,

"Columbus, O., Feb. 28, 1840.

"I certify the foregoing Act to be a tme copy
from the original roll on file in this department.
"Ca^rterB. Harlan.
"Secretary of State."

Officers — President, Joseph Johnson ; Vice
President, Andrew .Dawson ; First Director,
James R. Kees ; Second Director, Alex. John-
son ; Treasurer. John Gerwich ; Secretary,
Thomas Launder ; Pipemen, John H. Printz, J.
A. Tucker, Isaac D'Garmitt, Harrison D'Gar-
mitt, Richard Drone and Henr;^ Worstall ; Plug-
men, William Arter and John Rogers ; Fire
Police, Thomas Launder, Abraham Green, John
Blessing, Perry Flowers and Samuel Chapman ;
Axmen, A. D. Launder, Wm. Smith, John
Mitchell, Joseph Rink, Henry Bimple and John
Keplar ; Messenger, Thomas Launder.

Members^efFerson Clarke, N. A. Guille,
Michael Mayer, Zack. Ross, Eugene Moore,
Robert Henderson, John J. Mecklin, J. J. Kelly,
James D. Hoge, Henry Morgan, William Hevu-
kerson, Isaac Butterfield, John Wilson, Jason
Rogers, Jesse Arter, Charles Roberts, John
Miller, John Green, Winthrop Fox, Thomas
Ferrell, William Nevitt, Robert Irhnbrook,
William Hare, James Crozier, James Randolph,
■Charles Terry, Frank Van Home, Leonard
.Smith, Charles Beaty, G. W. Margrove, Mahlon
C. Hart, William Reeve, John Alter, Jr., George
Miller, John Brennon, John G. Smith, J. D.
Willis, James Brennon, William Runyon, John

W. Alter, W. A. Runyon, L. Evans, E. H.
John, Benjamin Comptor, James Stull, John
Holland, Peter Keck, Charley Jenkens, Michael
Brown, James R. Keyes, D. Launder, J. F.
Rogers, John Ranger, Spencer C. Phures, David
Beyant, John A. Goodin, Louis Cook, John
Blessing, Joseph Walters, C. Burckholter,
Martin Brennon, Joseph Sowar, Harrison
D'Garmitt, Isaa.c D'Garmitt, Samuel Parker,
Louis Lape, John D. Mitchell, Geo. W. Kink,
Joseph B. Colins, George Evans, Joseph Cook,
L. J. Clark, W. W. McCarty, Joseph F. Rink,
J. S. Cochran, J. T. Callihan, Manly Howard,
Charles Greenwell, John Perwich, Richard
Drone, Henry Mulgrew, Perrj^ Flower, Abra-
ham Green, Harrison Dunnivan, James J. Henry,
Henry Fluke, John Brannon, Arthur Van Home,
John Conner, William H. Crowell, Judson
Hughes, A. J. Dawson, . Charles Dare, F. A.
Tucker, John J. Meckling, Isaac Loyd, George
T. Cobb, H. Shaffer, Anthony Frost, Frank
Emmet, S. J. Mitchell, EHas Clark, W. H.
King, T. Farmar, John English, Thomas Keely,
George W. Coon, Chas. Beatty, S. K. Henry,
Lloyd Buckmaster, Johnny Wells, David Ellis,
Dick Silvers, Jerry Wolf, Benny Lenhart, John
Belmear.

Honorary Members — [Article XVII of the By-
Laws admitted men of good moral character,
on payment of two dollars, with rights and du-
ties common with all others, except holding of-
fice ; and. Article XVIII . admitted such, after
serving five years creditably.] Appended to the
printed list of signers to the Constitution and B}'-
Laws were the following : Daniel Brush, Isaac
Campbell, Dr. John Hamm, Charles C. Russell,
John Adams, Silvers Porter, Adam Peters, Ed-
ward Matthews, Austin Berry, William Galli-
gher, John R. Pratt, C. B. Goddard, John Tay-
lor, C. W. Potwin, John C. Hazlett, Benjamin
Spangler, D.J. Culbertson, James J. Ross, Mai-k
Louden, A. C. Ross, B. F. Hersh, Isaac Dillon,
John A. Blair, S. H. Kauffman, J. B. H. Brat-
shaw, John Metcalf, R. H. Gilmore, Daniel Dil-
lon, and Fred. Bird.

As these persons became honorary members
at the signing of the Constitution, they evinced
the ti'ue interest they felt in doing what they could
for the safety of the community against fire, and,
doubtless, would have enrolled as active mem-
bers, had business permitted.

Attached to the company was a library of use-
ful and entertaining books and periodicals, and,
evidently, this was a popular and harmonious
organization. Their last meeting was held, June
i2th, 1874.

The Hope Hose Company was organized
May 5th, 185 1.

Motto — " Prompt to act when danger calls."

The first officers were :

President — David Orndorff.

Vice President — John T. Redmond.

Secretary — Charles S. Parish.

Treasurer — John Van Home.

Messenger — J. Cantwell.

222

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Directors — James Morrow, and John Morrow.

Plugmen — William H. Shaffer, and John W.
Campbell.

Standing Committee — U. H. Orndorff, J. T.
Readmond, and William H. Stephens.

Members — Benjamin H. Highfield, Thomas
H. Crippen, George W. Ebert, John Offord,
William Runyon, William Wright, George R.
Bostwick, George W. Brenholtz, Charles Hunt-
ington, Dennis Hays, Thomas Phelps, William
Stokes, James Bloomer, Frank Fracker, William
Donivan, Henry Whitcher, Benjamin Smeltzer,
Thomas Ross, James H. Harris, Lawrence Gal-
ligher, John Newell, Frank Donlin, Charles Wil-
bert, Richard Menhenick, Edward Galligher,
Patrick Brennan, David Launders, Jeff. C. Clark,
David Foster, John Cullen, John Spaulding,
Charles Bailey, James Markel, William Ford,
Joseph Oldham, Rufus Fell, Mathias Richmond,
George Smith, John Lewis, Benjamin Spangler,
Henry Alexander, George W. Campbell, Geoi-ge
McNelly, Smith Garner, Jacob Hammond, John
Bampus, John Galligher, Thomas Harkel, Pat-
rick Carter, John Armstrong, Samuel Oldham,
H. J. Summers, Richard Brown, William H.
Woodsides, Joseph Galligher, L. Zimmerman,
John Coulter, Enoch Hensley, Charles Green,
W. Sheppard, James J. Toole, Jesse Randolph,
Charles Nichols, William Allison, John Drumm,
Charles G. Lowden, Bernard Reynolds, William
Kappes, Perry Matthews, Lemuel Fouts, Sam-
uel Stokes, John Reid.John Garnell, Fred. Fos-
ter, Chas. W. Spangler, John Oiler, Thos. Toole,
John Dugan, John Grubb, John McCormick, Wil-
liam Y. Johnson, Patrick Madden, William E.
Bostwick, Calvin Hankison, Isaac Reed, William
Veach, William Bryan, William McBeth, Thom-
as Smith, Edward Crawford, Washington,

Frank Martin, Joseph Johnson, Bushrod Leon-
ard, C. C. Flunnicutt, William Rager, Amos
Sickle, James Reed, James Bell, William Gar-
nell, William Stiles, Michael Stroope, Daniel
Trainer, Nelson Williams, Lloyd Dillon, John
Henry, Thomas Elton, Richard Rhody, Farley
Bissett, Samuel McBeth, Edward Ewing, John
Wiles, William Clausey, James Hanness, James
Lindsay, John Drake, Henry McCoy, Samuel
Reid, James Holmes, Joseph H. Stephens, Chas.
Wheeler, Samuel Durban, Rustling Moore, Thos.
' Wallace, Darius Goodwin, George Fealheart,
Rush Williams, John Grooms, John Reynolds,
John Doyle, Isaac B. Steele, John Murray, Jesse
Langton, David Mitchell, William Burton, Geo.
Pickrel, Andrew McVicker, James Kimbelc)-,
William Ingman, William, Charles and Israel
Godfrey, William Willis, James and John Bal-
linger, William C. Br3'an, J. L. Johnston, David
and Daniel Coletrap, George E. Jenkins, Wil-
liam Shaffer and Matthias flanniss. The latter
once saved the court house, for which he was
presented with a silver medal.

Hope Company had a knowing dog, named
" Dash," familiar with the fire alarm, and always
on the ground when the boys were on duty. Fire-
men's dogs were regarded with jealousy — some-
. times the cause of fights.

The lady friends of the companies manifested
their appreciation in presenting them with hand-
some flags. '

Star Hose Company — Organized, May ist,
1852 ; sixty members.

Motto — "Our impulse to action — The danger
of our citizens."

The first officers were :

President — William Fox.

Vice President — ^John Stone.

Secretary — ^James Cochran.

Treasui^er — Epaminondas L. Grigsby.

Messenger — Henry A. Heritage.

Directors— William Fox, T. G. McCormick,
and Isaac Cummins.

Members — James A. Throckmorton, Daniel
Hattan, Henry P. Slack, Samuel, Rufus, Isaac,
George, and Adam V. Fell, George Fenstemak-
er, Joseph Northrop, Nimrod Taylor, Joseph, Al-
bert, and Charley Church, Patrick Mulvey,
Thomas, and William Barrett, Thomas G. Mc-
Cormick, Dr. Alfred Ball, John B. Roberts,
Lewis Slack, Henry Granger, William Jasper,
Isaac Cummins, Jacob Hetzel, Peter Kraus, Ma-
thias Colcher, Daniel Colcher, Isaac Piersol,
Emanuel Amick, George, and Thomas Matthews,
Samuel Rager, Joseph Debolt, James Guttery,
Moses H. Willey,JohnP. Ford, J. L. C. Owings,
John Carr, John Horton, Lewis Wall, Robert
Evans, John Bailey, Daniel Bailey. John J, Ar-
ter, John Richards, Thompson Burwell, Joseph
E. Cassiday, and Richard Hawkins.

This companj' disbanded when the paid de-
partment was introduced.

The Eagle Fire Company. — Organized,
May loth, 1852. First officers were as follows:

President — Thomas Dixon.

Vice President — George W. Harris.

Secretary — Samuel Chapman.

Treasurer — Charles H. Werner.

Directors — T. Dixon, and G. W. Harris.

Members — George W. Harris, William Dixon,
Thomas Dixon, Felix Fulton, Edward P. Moore-
head, Samuel Bowman, James Darlinton, Moses
M. Granger, Joseph Rehl, Frank Myers, Jacob
Crotzer, William Cooper, Samuel Chapman,
Robert Howard, Stephen R. Hosmer, William
Ruth, James Boyd, Bernard Howson, Leander
Williams, Humphrey Woods, Michael and Pat-
rick Flood, Gottleib and John Sterly, Daniel
O'Kief, Leonard Moehler, Henry Granger,
William Jasper, Benjamin and Thornton Pritch-
ard, Michael Chauncey, Adam Voll, Hugh Mur-
phy, Jacob Fisher, William and John Winters,
Chai-les H. Werner, Adolphus W^erner, William
Bridwell, Charles Worstall, John Swoope, Pat-
rick Haney, Dennis Fulton, James Keys, George
Williams, Decatur Sockman, John Hoy, and
John Stulock.

[Thanks are here tendered to Thomas Dixon
and George Harris, of the Eagle Hose Company,
for the above record.]

Muskingum Fire Company [West Zanes-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

223

ville] — organized June 1,1853, with the following
officers :

President^ — Charles Peters.

Vice-President — Louis H. Worrell.

Treasurer — William W. Wimmer.

Secretary — James S. Ward. 5

There were fifty members, but the following
list is all that can be obtained now : John Pe-
ters, Henry C. Peters, Charles Peters, James
Smith, Louis H. Worrell, William Lee, Levi
Miller, Dudley W. Cassidy, George Cassidy,
William W. Wimmer, George W. Delzell, Dan-
iel Miller, John English, George Lee, James S.
Ward, H. C. Helmick, Joseph Wheatley, Charles
Dunn, and James Morgan.

In 187 1, this company was reorganized, and
called "Reliance Hose Company, with the fol-
lowing officers :

President — ^Thomas Smith.

Secretary — Henry Kendall.

Treasurer — Frank McKinney.

Messenger — John Mills.

Standing Committee — John Whikehart and
Daniel Dugan.

Pipemen — Charles L. Grimm and William
Maker.

The total membership was forty. The city
built a two-story house for their use, at a cost of
$1,600. The company subsequently changed
its name to Relief. April ist, 1878, they dis-
banded, and went into the paid Department of
the city.

Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, No.
5, was an independent Company in 1854.
They built a tine, two-story, brick house, on the
corner of Court House square and Fountain al-
ley. They purchased their truck of Rogers &
Co., Baltimore, Maryland, for $1,200. They
numbered forty members, thirty-four of whom
volunteered in the army, to put down the rebel-
lion. Their officers were :

President — John Dymond.

Vice-President — George James.

Second Vice-President — Edward Wheeler.

Secretary — W. F. Baker.

Foreman — H. C. Lillibridge.

Assistant Foreman — Charles H. Ross.

M:embers— W. H. Hurd, W. M. Harriott,
Isaac Ross, John G. Gittings, Charles Blocksom,
William H. Nevitt, Charles Fletcher, Hugh
Dunn, L. M. Dayton, Robert M. Applegate,
Samuel W. Spencer, James Dixon, Charles Sul-
livan, George Lentz, Louis D. Sandal, Alfred
F. Fillmore, A. F. Cassell, William Balthis, and
B. D. Abbott. These are all the names that can
be obtained.

"Relief, No. 7," was organized in the Sev-
enth ward, June 30th, 1870, with about forty
members, and the following officers :

President — William Godfrey.

Vice-President — David Hook.

Secretary — William E. Atwell.

Treasurer — William Deacon.

Directors — Isaac Morgan and David P.Mercer.

Plugmen — Charles Huff and Arthur Palmer.

Messenger — Denton Graves.

Pipemen — Albert Worstall and Samuel Mur-
ray.

Standing Committee — Newton Hall, R. Perry
Bean, and Enoch S. Huff.

Members — Luther Morgan, John E. Leach,
Benoni Willis, Sutliff Bates, John Leach, Allen
Twaddle, James Garden, William Burns, John
Kitchen, James Winning, Isaac Mvii-ray , William

E. Atwell, Levi B. Fink, Hugh Dugan, William
Langton, Denton Graves, and Charles Stanton.
These are all the names that can now be had.

" '76" Hose Company, was organized April
15th, 1872. The first permanent officers elected
were :

President — Harrison Mai^shall.

Vice-President — Jacob Fischer.

Secretary — John J. James.

Treasurer — George S. Fitz.

Director — Daniel E. Giles.

Assistant Director — John Keeswell.

Plugmen — John A. Brennan and Frederick
Fischer.

Standing Committee — Richard Hocking, Jo-
seph Wise, and James Wallwork.

Messenger — Nicholas Strauss.

Pipemen — Jesse D. Fell and RoTaert McNabb.

The house was built on the west side of Mon-
roe street. Sixth ward, by the city, in 1872.

The company disbanded June ist, 1874, di-
viding the proceeds of their property among the
then active members.

Neptune Hose Company, organized Maj^ 17,
1872, with thirty members — an independent
company, declared to hold themselves in readi-
ness to turn out at large fires, or as a reserve,
except in their own ward, where they would turn
out to fii-es, whether called or not. The tempo-
rary officers were :

President — Joseph Haffer.

Secretary — James F. Ryan.

The first elected officers were :

President — Frederick Hirshy.

Vice-President — Peter Keck.

Secretary — Wallace Quigley.

Treasurer— Joseph Haffer.

Captain — Frank Myers.

Assistant Captain — Peter Shubach.

Messenger — Philip Huffman.

Standing Committee — ^John N. Steiner, James

F. Ryan, and John Kreuter.

With their Constitution, they published the or-
dinance to establish and regulate the Fire De-
partment of the city of Zanesville.

The company was accepted bj' the City
Council, May 25, 1872.

Niagara Hose Company was organized July
5th, 1872, with fifty-eight members.
The first officers were as follows :
President — ^John Curtis.
Vice President — Andrew Farnum.
Secretary — John D. Jones.
Treasurer — Orlando C. Farquhar.

224

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Directors — Frederick Olmstead and Henry D.
Flanagan.

Plugmen — Robert Wallace and John Deaver.

Pipemen — Samuel Atkinson, Wm. H. RatlifF,
Wm. Osmond and Stephen Grecmiger.

Messenger — Taylor Shrum.

Standing Committee — A. J. Farnum, C. N.
Clark and Wm. Osmond.

Members — John S. Rudolph, Wm. F. Camp-
bell, Frank Hosier, Wm. F. RatlifF, Jedadiah
Copeland, Chas. Parshall, Lee Wallace, Wm.

A. Scott, George Shrum, George Elmore, Rich-
ard Osmond, George Osmond, Joseph Cowell,
Florence Hosier, \Vm. J. Stonesipher, Scott
Drake, Seborn, and James Hicks, Chas. T. Bur-
well, Chas. R. Carter, Chas. A. McDonald,
Jessie G. Lauch, Isaac A. Lauch, Oley Nesbaum,
Albert Stiers, James Richardson, Edwin A.
Hicks, James Chute, John Bowers, Jr., Sarnuel
Scott, Harvey Frederick, Chas. Osmond, George
Brown, Albert Atkinson, George Farquhar,
James Meeker, Andrew Taylor, Wm. Butler,
Joseph Brown, Edward Wells and Chas. H.
Leasure.

Their building, situated in theninth ward, was
erected by the city. They disbanded, with twenty-
two active Members, March 27th, 1876, and
divided the money, cash on hand, and proceeds
of property, between them.

Rescue, No. 7. — This company was organ-
ized from Relief, December 29th, 1874, ^^^ was
accepted by the city, January nth, 1875. The
first officers under this organization, were :

President — Henry Minter.

Vice President — W. H. Gillingham.

Secretary — Wm. E. Atwell.

Treasurer — Patrick Dugan.

Directors — Arthur Palmer and L. Twaddle. *

Plugmen — Philip Cullman and S. Eason Huff.

Messenger — Isaac Murray.

Pipemen — ^J. Stowe and j. Murray.

Standing Committee — ^James Douglass, Hugh
Dugan and Marion Varner.

The officers for 1880:

President — Amos Josslyn.

Vice President — J. E. Leach.

Secretary — W. E. Atwell.

Treasurer — Patrick Dugan.

Messenger — Isaac Murray.

Directors — Isaac Morgan and S. Eason Muft".

Plugsmen — Dillon Murray and John Josslyn.

Pipemen — George Tanner and Delaware
Fletcher.

Standing Committee — Abraham Allman, Levi

B. Fink and Wm. Langton.

Members — Henry Minter, Hugh Dugan, Geo.
W. Tanner, Abraham Allman, S. Eason HufI",
Levi B. Fink, Wm. Langton, Enoch S. Huff,
Delaware Fletcher, James H. Hopkins, John
Josslyn, Dillon Murray, Isaac Morgan and Tohn
McCall.

They adopted the same By-Laws under which
Neptune worked. This is an Independent Vol-
unteer company.

From the date of organization, until the spring

of 1879, these companies, with others, received
from the city $150.00 per year, which was used
in furnishing their hall, in the second stories of
the Hose buildings. The Messenger was paid
$40.00 per year, and the Secretary $25.00 per
year, for services.

In the last report of the Chief Fire Engineer,
Mr. H. Shrimpton, to the City Council, he says :

"As required bj'^ law, I submit herewith the
annual report of the Fire Department for the
year, ending September ist, 1879. '^^^ con-
dition and detail of the department is as favora-
ble for the service required of it, as it can well
be with the number of men, and the amount of
money appropriated to defray the expenses
thereof."

The report is explicit, and, doubtless, highly
satisfactory, as the intimations of increased force
being needed, have been carried into effect,
hence we, follpwing the practical manner of the
worthy Chief, herewith submit the present force,
briefly, which is as follows :

Hope Hose Company, No. i — Isaac Minthorn,
driver ; George W. Nicol, hoseman ; Thomas
Moore, runner.

Star Hose Company, No. 2 — William Bell,
driver ; James A. Sears, hoseman and Assistant
"Fire Chief;" Joseph Millfield, runner.

Relief Hose Company, No. 3 — ^John T- Lynn,
driver ; Chas. L. Grimm, hoseman ; William
Mohler, runner.

Eagle Hose Company, No. 4 — William H.
Nevitt, driver ; John Adams, hoseman ; Albert
Seymour, runner.

Niagara Hose Company, No. 5-Isaac Springer,
driver ; George Shrum, hoseman ; Charles
Powell, runner. The hose houses, eight in num-
ber, are all in good repair, except No. 2, on
Seventh street. The apparatus consists of five
hose reels, arranged for horses ; one hook and
ladder truck, fully equipped, but not manned,
except when emergency demands, when part of
the force now in use is directed to take charge
of it; one old engine, in good condition.

The hose consists of 2,850 feet, leather, 911
feet of which is new, and 1,533 feet of rubber
and leather, which is not deemed reliable.

The new fire alarm telegraph went into oper-
ation the 20th of February, 1879. ^^^^ ™ost
effective branch of the department consists of
twenty-one signal boxes ; six electric gongs ; one
electric bell striker, for general alarm ; one gal-
vanometer, and ten miles of wire on two hundred
and twenty-five poles, and a complete electric
apparatus.

Number of alarms from Sep. 1, 1879, to June 1, 1S80 oO

Loss by fire, to buildings, stock, etc $5,756 00

Insurance recorded on the same 4,561 00

Lost over insurance 1,195 00

This is a most flattering testimonial to the effi-
ciency of the Fire Department.

The cost of running the fire department, as now
constituted, is $1,360.25 per company, per an-
num.

Water Works. — The hydraulic pressure is

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

225

about sixty-five pounds to tlie square inch, which
gives a force sufficient to deluge all but the high-
est buildings.

The volunteer companies were composed of the
bevSt citizens — embracing clergy, professional,
business, and laboring men — who bore "the heat
and- burden of the day." As organizations, they
never received more than $215 per company, per
annum, to defray expenses. After years of ser-
vice, when the demands upon their time became
burdensome, and the city found itself able to af-
ford a paid department, they gave way, and by
act of the city council, were disbanded. May
26th, 1879. Their deeds of heroism a:nd self-sac-
rifice entitle them to be held in grateful remem-
brance.

CHAPTER XVIII.

SOCIETIES.

THE OHIO BIBLE SOCIETY TEMPERANCE MUS-
KINGUM EMANCIPATION ST. NICHOLAS ASSO-
CIATION THE OLD SETTLERS YOUNG MEn's

CHRISTIAN BUILDING WOMAn's BENEVO-
LENT— ST. Joseph's.

The Ohio Bible Society. — The sixth annual
meeting of the Ohio Bible Society was held in
Zanesville, on Wednesday, September 3d, 1818,
and was attended by a respectable number' of
members, and a lai-ge and intelligent audience ;
the greatest harmony prevailed, and much im-
portant business was transacted. *

The following officers were elected for the en-
suing year :

President — General Isaac Van Home.

Vice Presidents — Rev's. J. Culbertson, and J.
Wright.

Corresponding Secretary — Rev. S. P. Rob-
bins.

Recording Secretary — Edwin Putnam.

Treasurer — David Putnam.

Trustees — Rev's. L. Harris, S. P. Robbins,
J. Culbertson, J. Moore, J. Wright, W. Gould,
Levi Whipple and W. R. Putnam.

The following annual report of the Trustees
was received, approved, and ordered published :

"Report. — In laying before the society their
sixth annual report, your Board cannot fail to re-
alize the various and confficting feelings which
the grandeur of the object before them, the suc-
cess which has hitherto attended their exertions,
the different prospects which await their future
efforts, and the increasing interest of the Bible
cause, are calculated to awaken. During the
last year, your Board authorized the purchase of
a quantity of Bibles, one hundred and fifty of
which were in the German language. Repeated
efforts to secure such failed. It was ascertained,
by express information from our agent in Phila-
delphia, that they were not to be obtained in that
city. As, however, a supply is soon expected
from Europe, it is presumed that this difficulty
will be removed, to the satisfaction of all con-

cerned. Three hundred and eighty English Bi-
bles, and one hundred German Testaments have
been secured, which, in part, met the expecta-
tions of your Board. These are now in train of
distribution throughout the bounds of the so-
ciety.

"Where the Bible has hitherto been circulated,
it has been received with gratitude, and read
sometimes, we know, and frequently with atten-
tion, pleasure and improvement.

' 'Your Board have not'tenaciously confined their
distribution to those who were literally unable to
purchase, although those who are in circumstan-
ces to authorize it, generally make a return of
the price, or more than the price of the book re-
ceived. As, however, your Board are persuaded
that no individual, who has ever made a right es-
timate of the value of his own soul, will withhold
the Word of God from the careless or the wick-
ed, because they are able to purchase for them-
selves, they have acted from different princi-
ples, and adopted a different practice. The care-
less, who are able to supply themselves, are no
less the objects of Chiistian sympathy, than the
anxious souls who are unable. The great object
of 3'our Board, and, it is presumed, the society,
is to have the Bible read ; believing that the salu-
tary effects of a general attention to its perusal
would soon be seen, felt, and acknowledged,
even by its present enemies. With this end in
view, they are, of course, no less concerned for
those who will not, than for those who cannot,
procure it for themselves.

"You have become auxiliarj' to the American
Bible Society. A principal object of that soci-
ety is to give the aborigines of our country the
Word of God, in their vernacular tongue. The
civilization of the savage tribes, and the dissem-
ination of the Word of Life, are objecttg which
ought to ensure the prompt and efficient aid of
all the friends of civil and religious liberty. Let
this be afforded with pious hearts, and willing
hands. Let contributions evince sincerity, and
the result is certain. We ought to recollect, too,
that by the liberality of the British and Foreign Bi-
ble Society, our friends are placed in a respectable
situation. If, then, a foreign people have been
so mindful of us, we ought, at least, to follow the
praiseworthy example, so far as to exercise a
corresponding liberality toward the people whose
soil we occupy, and for whose improvement and
happiness we are bound, by so many reasons of
interest and benevolence, to unite our exertions.
* * Let all the streams of piety and benevo-
lence flow into one grand reservoir, the friends
of truth form one grand phalanx , adopt one uni-
versal determination, exert one corresponding
movement, which confidence of complete success
and unspeakable rewards are calculated to in-
spire. Let the glory of God be our aim, the word
of God our rule, the spirit of God our light, and
we will soon unite in the joyful exclamation,
"Victory is on the Lord's side,"

"By order of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio
Bible Society. Thomas D. Baxrd,

" Secretary."

226

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

THE- CAUSE OF TEMPERANCE.

The first great public movement in behalf of
temperance was made in this county. Temper-
ance societies began to be formed in 1825-6. One
of the most prominent of the first promoters of the
reform was Rev. Dr. Hewitt, of Connecticut, who
was worthily styled the Apostle of Temper-
ance. The exertions of this and other ener-
getic advocates of temperance and total absti-
nence have effected a wonderful change for the
better in the general habits of the people. Sev-
eral thousand temperance societies, under vari-
ous names, have been formed, and a large num-
ber of vessels now sail from various ports of the
United States, the crews of which are unsup-
plied with spirituous liquors of any kind. The
movement has spread, to some extent, in Europe,
but by far the most sviccesgful of its promoters
has been the Rev. Theobald Matthew, a Roman
Catholic clergyman, of Ireland, who came to
this country and did a great work, and returned
to try and save his own countrymen. John B.
Gough, Dr, Reynolds, and Francis Murphy,
have won great names in this cause. These
leaders found their fields of labor in the large
cities, almost exclusively. But the enemy per-
meated society everywhere. Intoxicants were,
and are, among the staples of supply — in the
store, in the new settlement, kept as a " good
morning " to the early customer, and a " good
night" to departing friends ; and in the house-
hold, on the side-board, in many parts of our
land, glasses, sugar, spoons, " Tansy Bitters,"
and plain whisky, free for all ; no caste here !
And, with such a glow of hospitality surrounding
it, to refrain from joining in a social glass was,
and is, almost impossible.

What if it be a "dance of death, "r — when the
jig is itp and the fiddler paid, the remorse that
follows is drowned in another glass.

The following graphic picture, by Colonel
Ingersoll, will be read with interest:

Ingersoll on ALCOHOL.^Colonel R. G.
Ingersoll, in speaking to a jury in a case which
involved the manufacture of alcohol, used the
following eloquent language :

" I am aware that there is a prejudice against
any man engaged in the manufacture of alcohol.
I believe that from time to time it issues from
the coiled and poisonous worm in the distillery,
until it empties into the hell of death, dishonor
and crime, that demoralizes everybody that
touches it, from its source to where it ends. I do
not believe anybody can contemplate the object
without becoming prejudiced against that liquor
crime. All we have to do, gentlemen, is to
think of the wrecks on either bank of the stream
of death, of the suicides, of the insanity, of the
poverty, of the ignorance, of the destitution, of
the children tugging at the faded and withered
breasts of weeping and despairing mothers, of
wives asking for bread, of the men of genius
that it has wrecked, the men struggling with im-
aginary serpents, prodviced by this devilish thing ;
and when you think of the jails, of the alms-

houses, of the asylums, of the prisons, of the
scaffolds upon either bank, I do not wonder that
every thoughtful man is prejudiced against this
damned stuff that is called alcohol. Intemper-
ance cuts down youth in its vigor, manhood in
its strength, and age in its weakness. It breaks
the father's heart, bereaves the doting mother,
extinguishes natural affections, erases conjugal
love, blots out filial attachments, blights paren-
tal hope, and brings down mourning age in sor-
row to the grave. It produces weakness, not
strength; sickness, not health; death, not life.
It makes wives, widows ; children, orphans ;
fathers, fiends ; and all of them paupers and
beggars. It feeds rheumatism, nurses gout,
welcomes epidemics, invites cholera, imports
pestilence, and embraces consumption. It
covers the land with idleness, misery and crime.
It fills your jails, supplies your almsho.uses, and
demands your asylums. It engenders controver-
sies, fosters quarrels, and cherishes I'iots.
It crowds penitentiaries, and furnishes victims to
your scaffolds. "^It is the life blood of the gam-
bler, the element of the burglar, the prop of the
highwayman, and the support of the midnight
incendiary. It countenances the liar, respects
the thief, esteems the blasphemer. It violates
obligations, reverences fraud and honors infamy.
It defames benevolence, hates love, scorns vir-
tue, and slanders innocence. It incites the
father to butcher his helpless offspring, helps the
husband to massacre his wife, and the child to
grind the parricidal ax. It burns up men, con-
sumes women, detests life, curses God and de-
spises heaven. • It suborns witnesses, nurses per-
jury, defiles the jur^' box and strains the judicial
ermine. It degrades the citizen, debases the
legislature, dishonors the statesman and disarms
the patriot. It brings shame, not honor; de-
spair, not hope ; and with the malevolence of a
fiend, it calmly surveys its frightful desolation,
and, unsatiated with havoc, it poisons felicity,
kills peace, ruins morals, blights confidence,
slays reputation, and wipes out a national honor,
then curses the world and laughs at its ruin. It
does all that and more — it murders the soul. It
is the sum of all villainies, the father of all
crimes, the mother of abombinations, the devil's
best friend, and God's \\'orst enemy."

Horrors like these thrilled the settlers of this
valley, half a century ago, and, accordingh% "on
the 15th of November, 1830, a meeting was held
in (a Methodist meeting House) Putnam, for
the pvirpose of forming a temperance society.
Edwin Putnam was Chairman, and W. H. Moore
Secretary. The meeting was opened with prajer,
by Rev. James Culbertson, after which an able
address was delivered by Mr. A. A. Guthrie.

A preamble and constitution being read, was
adopted. The fifteenth and sixteenth Articles of
the Constitution were as follows :

" Every person who subscribes to this Consti-
tution is a member of this Association, and cov-
enants to perpetually abstain strictly from ardent
spirits and wine, except as a medicine, or as a
part of "the Sacrament of Our Lord's Supper."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

227

Also, not to present it, either to visitors, customers
or laborers, except as a medicine ; not to be di-
rectly nor indirectly concerned in the manufac-
ture or sale of ardent spirits, except so far as
he shall be convinced that they are intended
for medicinal purposes or the arts.

" It shall be the duty of every member of the
society to use his or her influence, on all suitable
occasions, to discourage the use of ardent spirits
and wines."

The names of ninety persons were signed to
this Constitution, and the following officers were
elected :

President — John Goshen.

Vice President — Edwin Putnam.

Secretary — A. A. Guthrie.

Treasurer — Samuel Chapman.

Directors — W. H. Moore, Horace Nye,
Thomas Wilbur, Abraham Josslyn and Colonel
William Hadley.

December 6th, 1850, the number of signers to
this Constitution was eight hundred and thirteen.
April 18, 1853, this society was merged into
"the Temperance "Alliance," with the following
officers :

President — H. Saffbrd.

Vice President — S. Seamans.

Secretary — L. Wiles.

Treasurer — S. Mervin.

Managers— V. Best, L. B. Ball, J. B. Erwin,
R. N. Dunlap and J. R. Thomas.

The result of the work in the cause of tem-
perance, was a \yaning in the use and sale of in-
toxicating drinks, until it is said, that, long after
the suspension of the society, no place could be
found where intoxicants were publicly sold. It
was a great victory, and the feeling of security
took possession — they rested. Horace tells us,
'■'■ Aliguando bonus dorniitat Homerus'' — "Some-
times even the good Homer nods." The workers
nodded — until fast asleep, and dreamed of safe-
ty ; and when they awakened, it was to behold
the enemy. King Alcohol, in possession of the
fort. He had marshaled his forces, and an-
nounced his programme (the old one), and,
strange to relate, some who had helped to rout
him aforetime, were now seen bowing low and
crying, "All hail!"

"As when, with crowned cup, unto the Elian god,
Those priests high orKies held !"

And no defined effort was renewed until the cru-
sade began in Zanesville, March 2d, 1874, when
it was declared that the time had come for ac-
tion, and to those who had endured for years
the misery which drunkenness brings to the
household, there seemed the faint glimmering of
a coming day of dehverance. The first to move
in this matter, was Mrs. D. C. Smith, who sent
a notice to the daily papers that there would be a
meeting of the friends of temperance, at the
Second street M. E. Church, at two o'clock, p. m.,
the next day. There was a good attendance.
Mrs. Sarah Hazlett was chosen President, and
Mrs. D. C. Smith Secretary. The meeting was

purely devotional. The next day, the Women's
League was temporarily organized; Mrs. S.
Hazlett was elected President, and the wives of
the clergy of the city as Vice-Presidents ; Mrs.
D. C. Smith, Mrs. R. H. Buel, and Mrs. S. S.
Black, as Secretaries. The President and Sec-
retary also submitted the names of nine members
of the League to act as an Executive Commit-
tee, and of several gentlemen to act as an Ad-
visory Committee. The object of the organiza-
tion was stated in the following words :

"We, the women of Zanesville, feeling the
need of a thorough, earnest and prayerful ef-
fort to combat the great evil of intemperance in
our community, do hereby form ourselves into
an organization, to be known as the "Woman's
Temperance League; and do hereby severally
pledge ourselves, to use judicious and lawful
means to rid the city of the curse of the liquor
traffic."

Eight hundred names were subscribed to this
pledge in a very short time. An effort was im-
mediately made to secure the passage of as strin-
gent a law against saloons as could be considered
constitutional, and a petition to that eflrect_was
widely circulated. On the evening this petition
was presented to the City Council, about twenty
of the most prominent ladies of the city found
their way to the Council chamber, and were po-
litely received by the members of that body.
They were announced by Mr. Henry Blandy as
"the ladies of the Executive Committee of the
Temperance League," with a numerously signed
petition to the City Council ; and he moved that
one of the ladies be allowed ten minutes, in
which to present it ; and, as he understood that
parties were present bearing a remonstrance,
that a similar courtesy be extended to one of
their number. The motion was adopted, where-
upon, Mrs. L. G. Shrom advanced to the plat-
form, and said :

"Honorable Gentlemen of the City Council —
I hold in my hand a petition, by G. L. Walker
and four thousand four hundred and seventy
others, asking your honorable body to pass an
ordinance to restrain and prohibit ale, beer and
porter houses, and shops, and places of habitual
resort for tippling and intemperance. In pre-
senting this petition to this body, assembled in
council, I represent no ring, nor plead in behalf
of any political party. Coming in the cause of
common humanity, and believing the basis of
common liberty to be founded on domestic peace
and prosperity, we ask the passage of this or-
dinance, that it may remove the numberless
temptations that beset the paths of business men,
both young and old. As women, we don't plead
law, nor money, but for that which is within
your power as a law-making body, viz. : The
protection of our domestic peace. We have en-
dured the sorrows of our homes, until the places
of our habitations are desolate and darkened by
the evil effects of strong drink. We are a home
people, and our quiet lives please us best ; but,
coming upon us like a besom of death, .is the
destruction that wasteth at noonday, and we

228

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO-

cannot stay at home any longer. Willing to en-
dure and toil, and the most of us children, of
care, we shrink not from doing whatever the In-
finite Wisdom lays upon us. But that is enough.
The burden has become intolerable by the addi-
tions which men have put upon us, and yet have
lifted not so much as a finger to help us bear the
load.

"In opposition to our plea, men array money
and law ; but with little logic, and less policy-
Womanly common sense tells us that the priceless
stores of our common country have not been ex-
hausted, nor do we shut the door of the treasure
house which God's beneficent hand has filled,
when we ask the closing of tippling shops."

Mr. Blandy moved that the petition be referred
to the Committee on Laws and Ordinances. Car-^
ried.

Mr. H. L. Korte, of the firm of Korte & Ach-
auer, attorneys for the Liquor Dealers' Associa-
tion, then arose, upon invitation, took the Presi-
dent's stand, and, in substance, spoke as fol-
lows :

"Mr. President, and Gentlemen of this Honor-
able Body — We return our thanks to you for al-
lowing us ten minutes, in which to be heard, for,
in these exciting times, we can be thankful to be
heard at all.. Yes, Mr. President, we are thank-
ful for this favor, small as it may be, and I will
endeavor, in the few mimites allotted, to bring to
the notice of this honorable body the most impor-
tant questions for consideration. What more
laws do you want for temperance than you now
have? You have the Statutes, that prescribe and
make it an offence to drink intoxicating liquors
on the premises where sold, and the penalty
where the law is violated. All that is needed is
an execution of the same. But what is asked of
you here to-night? To pass an ordinance pro-
hibiting the sale of beer and wine, and the clos-
ing up of all ale, beer and porter houses. Now,
if passed, what will be the result? Will, or will
it not interfere with the growth and welfare of
this city? That is the impoi^tant question for
you to consider, and a vital one. Beer was in-
introduced by the Germans, and, as a habit and
custom, established in this city years ago, and
during all this time our city has grown and pros-
pered. Let us review, for a few minutes, the
vast amount of property at stake, and see wheth-
er it will be for the interest of the citjr to pass
the ordinance."

[Here he read an abstract of property on the
tax duplicate, for the several wards, amounting
to $424,881.00, on which the taxes amounted to
$9,877.93; of which the Germans, not engaged
in the sale of ale, beer, or anything else, hold
$820,628, on which the taxes amounted to, $10,-
265.81.]

" How will the passage of this ordinance affect
this class ? It certainly cannot be otherwise than
ruinous. I entreat you to carefully consider your
steps, lest the same despotism that has driven
them from their mother country, compel them to
turn their backs upon this town. Already has
work ceased upon two or three buildings in erec-

tion, to awa.it the action of your honorable body
upon this measure. Yes, Mr. President, I join
in with the prayer of my fair opponent, that the
Lord may look down upon this body, to enlight-
en their hearts, that they may be enabled to do
justice. A petition has been presented, said to
contain 4,4^70 names. We all know, Mr. Presi-
dent, it to be a fact, that all of the persons whose
names appear on that petition, have not signed
it, nor did they ever intend that their names
should so appear. We have here a remonstrance,
Mr. President, which we respectfully submit. I
do not know how many names appear there, nor
can I vouch that every name thereon has been
signed by the person whose name is written
down. Nor does it matter, Mr. President, as the
number of petitioners,, in a case of this kind, sig-
nifies nothing ; any petition can be filled, if re-
quired. I will read the heading of the remon-
strance :

' To the Honorable Body, the City Council of
Zan esville , Ohio :

'We, the undersigned, citizens and tax-payers
of Zanesville, respectfully remonstrate and pro-
test against the passage of any ordinance, by '
your honorable body, interfering with the pres-
ent laws regulating the manufacture and sale of
malt and other liquors. We regard it as impoli-
tic, in your honorable body, to take action, at the
present time, as a hasty step on your part would
work great injury and injustice to a large class of
this community, who have been identified for a
number of years with the growth and welfare of
this city.'

"Gentlemen of the Council, I leave this mat-
ter with you, but I beseech you not to be too has-
ty, as it may work great injury and injustice to
the community at large. • Whatever you do, con-
sider well. I thank you for the kind attention
paid to me. I hope you will do justice, regard-
less of whatever your own feelings. may be."

Mr. Myers moved that the petition be referred
to the Committee on Laws and Ordinances. Car-
ried.

Mr. Korte said that he had omitted to present
a series of resolutions, adopted at a citizens'
meeting, Saturday night, and asked that permis-
sion be granted.

Mr. Blandy — 1 wish to inform the gentleman,
that he has had as much time to speak as I, or
any other member of this body, is allowed, and
has had as much as the lady had.

Mr. Applegate moved that Mr. Korte be al-
lowed the privilege of reading the resolutions.
Carried.

Mr. Korte then presented the resolutions, and,
on motion, they were referred to the Committee
on Laws and Ordinances.

Mr. Shrom said :

" In reply to the gentleman who has just spo-
ken, I would say, that, of the $50,000,000 rev-
enue liquor yields to the Nation's treasury, he
knows it has taken out dollar for dollar — even
more — for the payment of expenses it incurs, to
say nothing of the desolated homes and broken

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

229

hearts, the sleepless nights and blasted lives,
which no census of man can take, but which the
Most High alone has noted.

"Of the German citizens, whose customs we
trample in the beer ordinance, I would say : The
stolid, muscular nature of the German is unmov-
ed by beer ; but to the nervous American, 'tis the
match that lights an uncontrollable desire, that
shakes every fibre of his manhood, and whisky is
the one thing he demands. It is a wondrous mis-
take, the gentleman makes, when he says we
would drive from our midst our German friends,
and he rates far less than we dp, the financiering
ability of those he is. seeking to defend. Wh-pn,
from the teeming multitudes of Germany, we saw
coming I to, us her hardy sons of toil, we were
glad, and made them welconie, for, amid the ex-
citable masses of American citizens, we need this
element, and men whose fathers, for thirty long,
wearj"^ years, withstood, with unwavering nian-
hood, the dark intrigues of Phillip, of Spain, and
the'snares of the Dukes of Guise, are those whose
love of beer is less than liberty, arid who would
scorn making America a second Germany."

Mr. Fletcher moved that the rules be suspen-
ded, and the ordinance be put upon its passage.

The vote was then taken, with the following
result: Yeas, 17; nays, i ; Mr. Williams voting
nay.

Among other remarks, we note those of Mr.
Taylor, who said :

"For the last fourteen years I have been a
member of the City Council, and have passed
through many exciting scenes, but have never
witnessed such a demonstration as this. Why is
this, my fiuends? Why these ladies here!
Why this immense crowd present? Is there
something out of the usual order of things about
to take place? Yes, my friends, there is some-
thing wrong, and the wronged are here to-night,
to seek redress at the hands of this body. Who
are to be blamed for this state of affairs — the la-
dies? No. The City Council? No; we have
not invited this demonstration; Who, then, is
responsible? I answer: These very men who
remonstrate against the passage of this ordin-
ance have violated the law, outraged justice, and
are now, arraigned at the bar of this Council to
answer for their crime. Had they been content
to have kept nothing stronger than beer, this
state of things would not exist to-night. We are
referred to the revenue the Government derives
from the manufacture and sale of alcoholic li-
quors. Who pays the taxes, the seller or drink-
er? It dpn't take a ver}^ far-seeing man to tell
where the money comes from — the poor man,
who buys his whisky and beer by the drink, pays
the taxes. Why, then, boast of the revenue de-
rived from liquors?"

Other remarks followed.

The President, then stated that the question
would be upon the adoption of the ordinance,
and directed the Clerk to call the roll.

The vote resulted as follows :

Ayes — Messrs. Applegate, Blandy, Cook,
Dieterich, Farquhar, Fletcher, Foran, Guthrie,

McBride, Morgan, Price, Spangler, and Taylor

—13-

Nays — Messrs. McDonnell, Myers, Printz,

Schuitz, and Williams— 5.

The President — "The ordinance is adopted."
The President of the Temperance League,

Mrs. Hazlett, arose and suggested that the long

meter doxology be sung. Mrs. Louisa Ohl then

immediately commenced —

" Praise God, from vf horn all blessings flow."

The entire audience arose and joined in the
singing. At the conclusion of the singing, the
Council took a recess, to allow the crowd to dis-
perse, and then proceeded to other business.
, About this time, the Academy . of Medicine,
without solicitation, passed a resolution that they
would not prescribe spirituous liquors, except in
cases of absolute necessity ; and twelve, out of
thirteen, druggists signed the pledge. The
Property Owners' Pledge, also, received some
signatures, though it was not circulated as freely
as it should have been.

During the first month of its existence, the
League held mOre than twenty mass meetings,
every one of which was presided over by a
woman, and most of the speaking and praying
was done by the women. Prominent among
those who took part in the exercises, were :
Mesdames, L. G. Shrom, Sarah Hazlett, Mary
James (wife of the Rev. Dr. James), J. Hatcher,
Thomas Durban, Sr., Maria L. Baldwin, Ellen
Hazlett, Caroline Fittz, Louisa Ohl, Thomas
Dare, Noah Shrigley^ G. N. Guthrie, H. G. O,
Cary, H. Mason, V. Bruce, A. T. Wiles, L.
Wiles, Esther Silvey, S. Fulton, W. M. Herriott,
A. Sullivan, M. Churchill, R. Price, W. Price,
L. B. Taylor, A. Palmer, E. S. Springer, H. B.
Taylor, D. Applegate, H. Buel, S. S. Black, C.
D. Caldwell, R. McCann, Isabella Barron, G.
W. Thompson, and Mary Durban ; and Misses,
Eliza Warner, Jennie Stevens, and Fannie Rus-
sell.

Mrs. Louisa Ohl was the Secretary of the Ex-
ecutive Committee, from the beginning of the
Crusade, and it was through her executive thor-
oughness that so much was accomplished, in so
short a time. She was untiring in her zeal,
while engaged in the work. Mrs. L. G. Shrom
did most effective work on the platform. Her
eloquence and logic made everything attractive
that she engaged in, and her promptness and
self-sacrificinsj devotion enthused others in the
work.

Among those whose remarks and prayers al-
ways went to the heart, melting it to tenderness,
and prompting it to better living, was Mrs. Mary
Douglass. She, like a few others, received this
baptism of power — while resisting the tempter —
talking, face to face, with saloonists. Whether
this was the best method of work, was discussed
in many of the meetings, but it was deemed best
to carry it out. These street meetings excited
antagonism in some, but struck terror to the
hearts of others ; some abandoned their nefari-

230

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ous business. To the crusaders, it was a serious
undertaking ; some of them were wives and
mothers, whose husbands and sons were intem-
perate, and not unacquainted with the haunts of
vice.

On one occasion, a band called at a grocery,
where intoxicants were also sold. The leader
presented the pledge to the proprietor, who gruff-
ly said :

"No ! I only sell to persons I know are not
in the habit of getting drunk. I do a strictly
legal business, and will sign no pledge."

At this point, a poorly-clad woman stepped up
to him, and said :

"Sir, are you sure you do a strictly legal busi-
ness? You are acquainted with my husband,
and know him to be a habitual drunkard ; and
yet, you sold him liquor, and permitted him to
sit by this store three-fourths* of his time. As
long as he had money, he was allowed to drink
and loaf here all he pleased."
He said : "Who are you?"
She replied : "You know me well enough, and
I'll not introduce myself."

Her face and clothing told but too plainly that
she was familiar with sorrow and poverty, yet
her words and manner were those of a lady.

At another time, a band led by Mrs. Caroline
Fittz, visited a saloon on Farrier street, kept by
Mrs. Catharine Riley. They were met at the
door by the proprietress, who talked boldly and
loud. They, however, sang a hymn and had
prayer, the services attracting quite a crowd,
which quietly dispersed at the close of the meet-
ing. The next day, Mrs. Riley filed the follow-
ing affidavit :

State OF Ohio, \

Muskingum County, > s.s.

City of Zanesville. )
Mrs. Catharine Riley, on her oath, says that
Mrs. Lucy P. Shrigley, with others, did, on the
7th day of April, A.D. 1874, ^t said city, to
wit, on the public sidewalk, or pavement, of
Farrier street, in said city, did obstruct said side
walk or pavement, to the hindrance, inconvenience
and damage of affiant and the public, by stop-
ping, standing, kneeling, singing, praying and
collecting a crowd on said side walk or pave-
ment, and street, contrary to the ordinances of
said city, in such cases made and provided.

her
Catharine X Riley.
mark.
Subscribed in my presence, and sworn to be-
fore me, this 8th day of April, A.D. 1874.

R. F. Brown, Mayor.

Mayor Brown issued a State warrant for the
arrest of Mrs. L. P. Shrigley, and she appeared
before his Honor, on Thursday morning, and a
trial, by a jury of twelve citizens, was to take
place on Friday morning. Mrs. Shrigley was
discharged.

The liquor dealers sent a request to the Mayor,
as follows :

To Hon. Robt. F. Brown, Mayor ^f the City of

Zanesville:

We, citizens of Zanesville, strictly obeying the
law, and complying with the provisions of the
late beer ordinance, would most respectfully ask
of your Honor, protection against demonstrations
of any kind, by any person or persons, whomso-
ever, in, upon, or about our premises. Street
demonstrations, if constantly kept up, cannot
lead otherwise but to detrimental results to the
community at large.

We consider that no part of this community
has a right to molest another, and we do not
claim to have the right ourselves. But we do
think we are entitled to some protection, and re-
spectfully, but earnestly, request your Honor, by
proclamation, to prohibit street demonstrations
of any kind. As precedents, we point to the
Mayor's of the cities of Cincinnati and Cleve-
land. Respectfully, ,

Simon Dolan, C. Winter, Dennis McNernny,
Adolph Horn and fifty-six others.

To which Mayor Brown made the following
reply :

Mayor's Office, )

Zanesville, O., April 2d, '74. \
Mr. Simon Dolan and others:

Gentlemen : — After a careful examination of
the matter submitted to me by 3'our petition,
signed by numerous citizens, I beg leave to re-
spectfully decline complying with your request,
for the following reasons :

First — A similar request was made to me by
the friends of temperance, upon which I respect-
fully declined to act.

Second — I know of no law, either State or
city, authorizing, or recognizing my power or
authority to do so.

Third — ^That it could avail nothing if issued,
for the reason that I am not lawfully empowered
to issue such a proclamation.
Respectfully,

R. F. Brown, Mayor.

This did not look as if "the liquor dealers
never did such a thriving business as during the
crusade," else why the petition against these
demonstrations. On the contrary, many cases
were successfully prosecuted for violation of law
for selling. A. W. Train was attorney for the
Women's Temperance League.

The mass meetings, as well as others, were
characterized by the spirit of devotion.

A large and enthusiastic mass meeting was
held at Second Street M. E. Church, and at the
usual hour the Second Street M. E. Church
was crowded with an audience, filled with the
temperance inspiration. Promptly at the hour
appointed for the opening of the meeting, Mrs.
Hazlett, the President, was at her post. She
opened the meeting by reading, in a clear and
distinct voice, the Fourth Chapter of CoUossians.
Immediately after reading this impressive lesson,
the entire congregation joined, with feeling, in

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

231

singing the sweet and tender strains of that
grandest of hymns,

"Eock of Ages, Cleft for Me," etc.

A fervent prayer, by Mrs. Hazlett, followed,
after which was sung,

"A charge to keep I have," etc.

Prayer by Mrs. Addison Palmer, and hymn,

"My days are gliding swiftly by."

Prayer by Mrs. Thomas Durban. The meet-
ing was then thrown open for speaking. Judge
M. M. Granger being called out, responded,
substantially, as follows :

"lam very thankful for the privilege of ad-
dressing an audience of this character, composed,
as it is, of women and men who are earnestly
striving " to better the condition of the world,
make homes happy . by driving from our midst
the one thing that has caused more sorrow and
suffering than any other evil that affects the
earth." The Judge then made a happy hit upon
the old Latin proverb, "whom the God's would
destroy they first make mad." He said that
when thils movement of the women of Zanesville
first began, the saloonkeepers assembled in great
wrath, determined to fight to the bitter end all
attempts that had for their object the overthrow
of the liquor business.

"They assumed the armor, and chose their own
weapons for the conflict. They undertook to
make a battle-axe of figures, with which they
hoped to stay the advance of the ladies. They
opened the ai-ithmetic, and began to compute the
long columns of revenue ; they went to the Aud-
itor's office, and raked up the taxes raised from
individuals engaged in the liquor traffic, added
the numbers together, and placed them before
the public ; they told you of the amount of prop-
erty owned by whisky and beer men, and, with
their long columns of statistics, sought to break
up the convocation of the enemy. While en-
gaged in their computations, did they tell you
all? Did they tell you how many saloons there
are in Zanesville? Did they give you the num-
ber of tipplers — the number of moderate drink-
ers ? Did, they compute how many drunkards we
are cursed with? Did they tell you of the crimes,
sorrows, broken hearts, and misery produced by
strong drink ? How much precious time is wast-
ed? No, not a word of it. Wealth is the pro-
duct of labor ; time wasted is wealth destroj^ed.
For every moment of idleness produced, money
is taken from our coffers. Thus, we see, if the
weapons are turned, if the beer men are pursued
by arithmetic and numbers, the weapons with
which they assail us, their battlements are easily
overthrown. The ladies of this place have shown
wisdom in choosing their mode of operation. Al-
ready, in many of our villages, no liquor is sold ;
every saloon has been closed. But what would
be effectual in these small places, would not be
effectual here ; public op'inion in Zanesville was
averse to this movement. A month ago, you
could not have made me believe that our City
Council would ever pass such an ordinance : pub-

lic opinion was opposed to such a measure ; but
it has wonderfully changed since this movement
began. The work is not done yet ; the passage
of this ordinance is nothing, without its enforce-
ment. Public sentiment must enforce the laws,
and the ladies of this place hold public sentiment
in their own hands. Let the officers know that
the people require the enforcement of this ordi-
nance. Laws are not enforced when the people
are against them. Our officers must be pure.
We must refuse to continue in office any one op-
posed to the strict enforcement of the newly en-
acted ordinance. I heard to-day that a saloon-
keeper of this place recently lost a child by
dealti, and, while it was lying a corpse in one
room, he was selling liquor to a boisterous crowd
in another room, while many half-drunken men
were playing cards over glasses just emptied, and
to increase the crime, this all passed on Sunday,
and but a week ago. This was brought to the
knowledge of officers, and no measures were ta-
ken to punish these vile offenders of the law. We
must make it our duty to see that the laws are
enforced, and not be ashamed to make our com-
plaints, or afraid to produce our affidavits. Then,
and not till then, will the law be enforced, and
the liquor-sellers compelled to obey."

The audience showed their approval of the
Judge's speech by frequent applause. The ven-
erable Bishop Springer, and others, also addi-ess-
ed the meeting.

After six weeks of unremitting labor, Mrs. Sa-
rah Hazlett retired from the Presidency of the
League, and was succeeded by Mrs. James (wife
of Rev. Dr. James), who occupied the position
until October 2'oth, 1874.

Very interesting meetings were held by mem-
bers of the League, in Chandlersville, Union-
town, Rockville, Bridgeville, Bloomfield, and in
school houses elsewhere, and district temperance
societies organized.

Prominent among the gentlemen who aided in
these meetings, were : A. W. Train, Judge E.
E. Evans, Henry Blandy, D. B. Garj-, Dr.
James, and many of the clergy.

October 27th, Mrs. E. S. Springer was elected
President, and Mrs. L. B. Taylor, Secretary.
About this time, great efforts were being made
to repeal the beer ordinance, as it was called,
and much excitement prevailed. Several mem-
bers of the Council, who had voted for the ordi-
nance, were induced to change their minds, and
the law was repealed. The Sunday before the
repeal took place, a mass meeting was held in
the Seventh Street M. E. Church, which was
addressed by Mi-s. Springer, who held the un-
wearied attention of the vast multitude for one
hour, and made one of the strongest speeches, in
behalf of temperance, ever made in this cit}-. All
the members of the Council had been invited to
be present ; those who were prepared to stand by
the temperance cause were there, and those act-
ing in behalf of the liquor men stayed awaj-.

The County Convention met at the Second
Street M. E. Church, December 3d, 1874. ^^'"S-
R. S. James called the meeting to order, and

232

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

nominated George N. Guthrie, as Chairman,
which was adopted by acclamation. A devo-
tional service, of great interest, was held, partic-
ipated in by Rev. Mr. Peters, Mrs. Colonel
Douglass, Mrs. Rebecca Law, and others.

A committee on permanent organization was
appointed, consisting of Doctress Johnson, Mrs.
Bruce, Mrs. Colonel Douglass, and Mr. Hatcher.
The report of this committee was adopted, as fol-
lows :

President — Mrs. Rev. McClurkin,.. of New
Concord.

Secretary — Miss Jennie Stevens, of Zanes-
ville.

Treasurer — Mrs. Addison Palmer, of ZSnes-
ville.

On motion, a committee to nominate Vice Pres-
idents for each township was named, consisting
of Mr. Shryock, Mr. G. Portet, Miss Eliza War-
ner, and Mrs. Rebecca Law. The committee
made the following report :

Adams — Mrs. George W. Slater.

Blue Rock — Mrs. Mary Hunter.

Brush Creek — Mrs. Thomas Showers.

Clay — James Martin.

Cass — Mrs. D. A. Pierson.

Falls— Mi-s. John Taylor.

Hopewell — Miss Bessie Hood.

Harrison — Mrs. Frederick Howell.

Jackson — Mrs. H. Gormer.

Jefferson — Mrs. J. H. Johnson.

Licking — Mrs. Dr. Fisher.

Muskingum — Mrs. Downer Trimbly.

Newton — Mrs. Rev. Adams.

Perry — Mrs. George Maitin.

Rich Hill— Mrs. William Herdman.

Meigs— Dr. Charles Hurd.

Salem — Mrs. Dr. Decker.

Highland— Mrs. J. P. Lytle.

Salt Creek— Mrs. James M. Moore.

Springfield — Mrs. William Porter.

Union — Mrs. George H. Miller.

Wayne— Mrs. Dr. H. Kent.

Monroe — Mrs. Wortman.

Madison — Mrs. J. P. King.

Mrs. Ohl, from the Committee on Resolutions,
reported a series of resolutions, remarkable for
touching on the secret of active aid or embarrass-
ment of temperance work, with telling force.

A general invitation to speak was responded
to by ladies from Norwich, Dresden, New Con-
cord, Cincinnati and Zanesville. Rev. Dr.
Kingsbury and Rev. Dillon, also. The presid-
ing officer followed with a feeling address —
rendered more touching from the fact that this
was the first time for two months her voice had
been heard in a public temperance meeting, on
account of illness. The convention closed with
prayer by Rev. Mr. Shrom. At the evening
session, the meeting was presided over by
Doctress Johnson, who delivered an able address,
of which the following is an extract :

"We bring before you to-night a few statistics,
which are of a local character, and being strictly
official, are pertinent to the occasion. We have
within the city limits, including druggists, io8

dealers — wholesale and retail — in intoxicating
liquors. Within Muskingum county there are
136 licensed dealers. [We omit the enumera-
tion, as given by townships.]

"The ordinance, as modified, went into effect
November 12th, last. For a period of thirty-two
days prior to its repeal, there were nineteen ar-
rests for drunkenness ; and in nineteen days af-
ter the repeal, there were forty-three arrests.
During the past month, $162. has been received
at the Revenue office — more than in the previous
month. In view of these facts, there is no danger
of getting out of work, or languid, for want of
something to do. In fact, the enemies of tem-
perance are enjoying "a season of revival" just
now. Their windows are fresh washed, and
they are permitting the clear light of day to enter
the dark places, which have been so carefully
guarded with blinds and screens for lo these many
years. The spirit of belligerency is abroad among
us ; harmless telegraph poles, one of the engines of
enlightened civilization, were the cause of serious
difficulties — and yet men were permitted to pile
barrels, one on the top of the other, until they
reached the second story windows, painted in
gay colors, and labeled with choice brands of
liquid fire, and who dares to lift their voice, much
less their axes, against such an obstruction ? As
an article of merchandise, vast sums are invested
and made in this ti-affic, and nothing so sears
and deadens a man's conscience, and drags him
away from his moral moorings, as the excitement
of rapid money making, and by doubtful means.

"And then, the question comes, what can we
do to stay this great tide of iniquity, which
reaches every grade of society, and casts its
dark shadow over the most sheltered firesides ?

"One of the first things to be done, and which
is being done, is to make the dealing in liquors
disgraceful. To make every man engaged in
the traffic, wholesale or retail, be he rich or poor,
feel that there is a ban upon him ; and every
one that drinks it, that he has committed a crime.
Then to create moral sentiment enough to com-
pel Legislatures to pass laws to prohibit the man-
ufacture of liquors, and to send men to Congress
who will enact laws to prohibit the importation
of alcohol in any form. This is the manner in
which we must proceed, and what must be done,
if we are to have any permanent reform.

"The time has been, when, to the apothecary
and the physician, alcohol was a necessity, but
chemistry has made such advancement in the
last twenty-five years, that many new substances
have been introduced, which largely supply its
place ; prominent among which are glycerine,
carbolic acid, bi-sulphide of carbon, benzine,
and other articles, the products of petroleum and
coal. To the physician, alcohol is a convenient
article, but by no means a,^ necessity. In the
laboratory of the chemist, it must continue to be
employed, unless we dispense with some useful
agents, but need never be seen outside of those
walls.

"May the day speedily come when we shall
have emancipation from a bondage, compared

GRAHAM'S POPULAR DRUG STORE

No. 144 MAIN STREET, ZANESVILLE, OHIO.

This sterling Drug House was established by W. A. Gbaham, in 1845, and since that time it has continued at the Old
Stand, under several changes of proprietorship, but always under his guiding influence. The extensive business of the House,
its reputation, success and popularity for so many years, was due to the personal influence and supervision of Mr. Gbaham.
Under the present management the same honesty of purpose is bein^ carried out. W. H. Gbaham and Kennedy M. Batjsh,
are young men of the best business qualifications, and are determined to maintain the reputation of the old House.

Our trade has increased so rapidly that we have been obliged to increase our stock and facilities for doing business. Every-
thing in our store is

And the people continue to appreciate that goods bought at Graham's Drug Store, with their label attached, is a guarantee of
their being just as represented. We are now prepared to job Drugs, Paints and Oils, at bottom peices, and can compete with
any house in the State. We solicit your orders.

W. H. GBAHAM & CO., 144 Main Street.

SPURIOUS -=.^^H

ADULTERATED

PPUGS.

There is no business of
fering to unscrupulous per-
sons such opportunities of
profit by dealing in or pre-
paring spurious goods as
the drug business, owing
to the skill necessary to
detect such impositions
It therefore becomes neces
sary and important to be
assured of the character of
the source from which
Drugs and Medicines are
bought. It is with this
view of responsibility and
needed character, in order
to be successful, that we
have endeavored to use
the utmost care in the se
lection of our goods.

We can assure our
friends that we shall al-
ways endeavor to meet
their confidence and pat-
ronage by selling only

PUBE and GENUINE GOODS

Our prices will always be
as low as strictly pure
Drugs can be sold.

ni W/H.iiGrThaitiiCor

TRUSSES.

We carry Trusses of
every description, and
also Abdominal Support-
ers, Elastic Stockings,
Knee Caps, Shoulder Bra'
ces for. Ladies, Gents and
Children.

We are exclusive agents
for

SEELEY'S

Hard Rubber

Truss.

We apply Trusses with-
out extra charge.

L GRAHAM'S DRUG STORE

M 144 Main St.,

ZANBSVILLE, OHIO.

GEAHAM
BAKING

POWDER !

The Purest and Best in
the Market. Prepared
and for sale by

W. W. H. GRAHAM & CO.,

144 Main St.,
ZANESVIIiliS, OHIO.

VS-WE KEEP THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE CITY OF PAINTS AND PAINTERS' MATERIALS.

CALL AND SEE US BEFORE YOU BUY.

We guarantee to save you money on all bills of Paints bought of us. We have for sale 50 barrels Pure Linseed Oil, 25
tons Pure White Lead, 5 tons Mineral Paints, 10 barrels Spirits Turpentine, 10 barrels No. 1 Varnish,'5 tons Pure Putty.

We wish it distinctly understood that our stock of Pure Drugs cannot be excelled by any house in this section. 'I'hey are
selected with great care, and we always have the largest assortment possible on hand. Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Fancy Articles,
and everything usually kept in a FIRST-CLASS DEUG HOUSE. We are-confident that an examinatioiv of our stock and
prices cannot fail to convince you that by trading with us we can save you money, and, what is far better, shall be found to have
given you pubb and reliable goods. W. H. GRAHAM & CO., 144 Main Street.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

233

with which human slavery was but a drop in the
ocean."

Doctress Johnson was attentively listened to,
and her address made a deep impression.

Mr. J. T. Shryock, Mrs. Fee, Mrs. Robert
Caierns, Mrs. C. D. Caldwell, Rev. Mr. Porter,
Miss Eliza Warner, Mr. G. N. Guthrie and Mrs.
Long, made short speeches.

January ist, 1875, under the direction of the
President, the League began another series of
Gospel Meetings and temperance work. The
President opened with a powerful discourse on
prayer, and its relation to the temperance work.
The second evening, Mrs. V. Bruce read an
able essay, on Faith, which was followed by
others, on the same topic. Mrs. James read an
intensely interesting paper on Love, in answer
to those who justify their indifference to the cause
of temperance, on the ground that " it does not
touch me." She asked, "was it because sin
had touched Christ that he reached down to save
fallen man ? Or was it not his very sinlessness
that maile him a better Savior?"

The third evening Mrs. Addison Palmer dis-
coursed, with eloquence, on individual Christian-
ity, to the gratification of the audience.

The fourth evening, Miss Virginia Stevens
and Doctress A. M. Johnson, discoursed on Spir-
itual and Physical religion, closing the series of
meetings, which will be remembered because of
the deep spiritual interest that pervaded them.
So deep and general was the interest that the
workers resumed their home duties, feeling that
the hearts of the people were one, and could then
go on the even tenor of their way without fear
of molestation, only continuing their weekly
meetings. And for two years there seemed no
particular manifestation of interest in the subject.

When Francis Murphy attracted attention to
his work in Pittsburgh, the President, Mrs.
Springer, with the League, again held meetings,
assisted by Rev's. H. A. Delano, O. J. Nave
anjd W. P. Shrom,'and secured the assistance of
Captain Martin and Mr. John Best, two reformed
men from the scene of Mr. Murphjr's operations.
During these meetings, many hundreds signed
the "Murphy Pledge," and almost every re-
formed man has since become a member of some
Christian church, and many of them are now
honored citizens.

The temperance work, thenceforward, has
been chiefly in the hands of a society known as
Rechabites, although the Womans' Temperance
League has not been formally disbanded.

The order of Rechabites set forth the words of
the Prophet Jeremiah, chapter xxxv, verses 14.
18, ig, as the inception of the covenant they
make: "The words of Jonadab, the son of Re-
chab, that he commanded his sons not to drink
wine, are performed ;for unto this day- they drink
none, but obey their father's commandment. *
* * And Jeremiah said unto the house of the
Rechabites : Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, the
God of Israel : Because ye have obeyed the com-
mandment of Jonadab, your father, and kept all
his precepts, and done according unto all that he

hath commanded you, therefore, thus saith the
Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel: Jonadab, the
son of Rechab, shall not want a man to stand be-
fore me forever."

The first organization of this kind was :

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF RECHABITES.

Excelsior Tent, No. 80. — This order uses
the word "Tent," as synonymous with Lodge—
a place of meeting, where none but the initiated
may enter. This Tent was instituted in Zanes-
ville, Ohio, March 21st, 1879, by Fred. J. Patter-
son, Deputy High Chief Ruler of the Independ-
ent Order of Rechabites of North America, and
was the first Tent instituted in the State of Ohio.

The following were the charter members :

A. J. Wolfe, D. B. Gary, James Benjamin,
Charles Arter, Isaac B. Copeland, L. C. Web-
ster, Thomas Roach, Charles Wintermute, G.
H. Marshall, Benjamin Priest, Dudley Wallar,
John Shoemaker, F. Young, F. Steinhauer,
Thomas Campbell, William McElvain. Phillip
Bauer, E. S. Seaborn, G. W. Baker, J. W. My-
ers, and A. J. Coates.

The first officers were :

Shepherd— A. J. Wolfe.

PastChief Ruler— D. B. Gary.

Chief Ruler — James Benjamin.

Deputy Ruler — Charles Arter.

Recording Secretarj^ — 1. B. Copeland.

Financial Secretary^ — L. C. M'^ebster.

Treasurer — Thomas Roach.

Levite — C. Wintermute.

Inside Guardian — G. W. Marshall.

Outside Guardian — Benjamin Priest.

The present officers are :

Shepherd — John Dawson.

Past Chief Ruler— W. R. Mathews.

Chief Ruler — Henry Kimble.

Deputy Ruler— N. K. Smith.

Recording Secretary — .Charles Addison.

Financial Secretary — Harvey Thompson.

Treasurer — S. C. Scott.

Levite — Fred Steinhauer.

Inside Guard — Charles Osmond.

Outside Guard — Joseph Wissen.

Banner Tent, No. 11 1. — This Tent was in-
stituted August 1 2th, 1880, by D. B. Gary, Spe-
cial District Deputy of District No. 7, of Ohio.
The following were the charter members :

Louis Quigley, Lyman Flowers, John Miller,
W. P. Brown, W. J. Finley, J. W. Donaway,
D. B. Gary, Hugh Benjamin, Clark Wilbur,
George Wilson, W. P. Wilson, James Benjamiuj
P. W. Gray, and Mortimer Vermillion.

The following became the first officers :

Shepherd — Louis Quigiev.

Past Chief Ruler— W. P." Brown.

Chief Ruler — Lyman Flowers.

Deputy Ruler — John Miller.

Recording Secretaiy — W. J. Finley.

Financial Secretary — J. W. Donawav.

Treasurer — D. B. Garj'.

Levite — Hugh Benjamin.

Inside Guardian — Clai'k Wilbur*

Outside Guai'dian — George Wilbur.

234

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Trustees — James Benjamin, P. W. Gray, and
Mortimer Vermillion.

The following are the present officers :

Past Chief Ruler — Lyman Flowers.

Chief Ruler— John Miller.

Deputy Ruler^ — D. B. Gary.

Financial Secretary — W. G. Abell.

Recording, Secretary — John B. Smith.

Levite — Frank L. Abell.

Inside Guard — George Wilson.

Outside Guard — John H. Lampton.

The First Ohio District, Tent No. 7, instituted,
September 11, 1879, ^'^^ jurisdiction Over twen-
ty-seven counties, including Muskingum county,
of which D. B. Gary, of Zanesville, is District
Secretary.

THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY EMANCIPATION SOCIETY.

To promote the abolition of slavery, and of op-
pressive laws.

This societ}' was probably " the wave near the
shore " of the great tidal wave that swept over a
large part of the country fifty years ago. Dr.
Kingsbury, in his historical sketch of the Presby-
terian Church, of that day, says : " This church
was organized during the excitement which grew
out of the anti-slavery movement in the country,
and no history would be complete which left this
subject out of view ; not only because some of the
founders of the church were among the origina-
tors and active promoters of the movement in
this section of the State, but because, also, from
the diversitj' of sentiment in the congregation..
For many years it operated as an irritant, and
rendered the duties of its pastor more difficult
and embarrassing."

On Monday evening, June 24, 1833, live men
— Levi Whipple, A. G. Allen, Thomas Gurney,
M. B. Cushing, and H. C. Howells — met at the
residence of the latter, on the northeast corner of
Van-Buren street and Woodlawn avenue, to dis-
cuss the subject of slavery and oppression, with a
view to attempt the organization of a society,
"on the broad principles of total emancipation, as
soon as possible." After discussion, it was agreed
that each individual present should invite his
friends to another meeting, which vvas appointed
to be held on the following Saturday evening, at
the office of Mr. Whipple, which stood on what
is now Muskingum avenue, between the residen-
ces of Mr. A. C. Ross and William R. Ihizlett.
This was with a view to the formation of a soci-
ety "for the Promotion of Freedom and Univer-
sal Rights," and a committee, consisting of
Messrs. Whipple, Howells, and Allen, was ap-
pointed to draft a constitution, to be submitted
for adoption to those who should assemble.

At that meeting, there were present, Levi
Whipple, Chairman ; John Goshen, Thomas Gur-
ney, Horace Nye, H. C. Howells, M. B. Cush-
ing, John Quigley, Charles Mathews, William
Joiner, and A. G. Allen. The latter acted as
Secretary. The committee appointed, presented
a constitution, which was adopted, and signed by
all save Messrs. Goshen and Mathews.

The first public meeting was held, July 4th,

1833, in the Zanesville Presbyterian Church,
where, after discussion, the constitution was
amended, and the name of the organization
changed to "the Muskingum County Emancipa-
tion Society, to Promote the Abolition of Slavery
and Oppressive Laws." This constitution, though
not numerousl}' signed in the city, received the
signatures of two hundred and twenty persons,
in various parts of the county, within a short
time.

October 26th, 1833. the monthly concert of
prayer for the abolition of slavery was first held
at the Stone Academy, and was continued many
years thereafter, meeting in the basement of this
church, on the last Monday of every month.

A Bible Class for colored adults, was also
formed, and subsequently a Sabbath School for
colored children ; these classes afterwards entered
the Presbyterian Sabbath School for whites,
where they continued until the colored people
were able to organize schools for themselves.

In the winter of 1834, petitions were signed
here, and forwarded to the Legislature of this
State, praying for the amelioration of the con-
dition of its colored population ; particularly,
that they might be permitted to give testimon}-
in the courts, and allowed to participate in the
benefits of the school fund — and to Congress,
asking for the immediate abolition of slavery in
the District of Columbia, and of the slave trade
between the states.

About this time, Jacob Stout, a member of the
society, was fined fift}- dollars, for emplojing
Mark Turner, a colored man ; and taking ex-
ceptions to this decision, the society employed
Messrs. Goddard and Convers in his defense.

A state convention was appointed to be held
here, April 22d, 1835, ^^^ during the month pre-
vious, Theodore D. Weld came by invitation to
lecture.- His meetings created great opposition
and excitement, and under date of April i ith,
1835, t^he records of the society show that a com-
mittee was appointed to confer with Richaj'd
Stijlwell, Esquire, (afterwards Judge,) then pros-
ecuting attorne}' of this county, in relation to
the disturbances of these meetings, with a view
to secure means for their prevention. During
the con\ention, bands of riotous persons, en-
couraged b}- more respectable, but more guilty
men. crossed the ri\er, disturbed its sessions,
defaced the Academy where they were held, in-
sulted ladies who had been in attendance, and
succeeded in breaking up the convention. They
threatened to burn the dwellings of Major Nye,
Mr. Howells and Mr. A. A. Guthrie, which for
some time had to be guarded by their friends,
there being no municipal government here *it
that time.

The State Anti-Sla\'ery Society assembled
here the last of May, 1839. ^y ^^i^ time the feel-
ing of hostility against the friends ot emancipa-
tion had measurably subsided. The announce-
ment of the contemplated meeting, however,
kindled anew the slumbering fires of opposition,
and inflammatory documents were issued, among
them a hand bill, captioned the "Resurrection of

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

23s

Abolitionists in Putnam." It was filled with the
bitterest invectives, and was calculated to excite
the worst passions of the human heart. It had
its legitimate effect ; evil minded persons began
to prowl around the village during the sittings of
the convention, and on the night of its adjourn-
ment, fired the barn of Mr. Adam France, be-
cause he had stabled the horses of delegates,
and the succeeding night, burned the barn of
Mr. Whipple, for the same reason. One of
these rioters, Mike Casey, was arrested and con-
victed, but while being taken to the jail, was res-
cued on the lower bridge by an armed band of
his associates and taken in triumph toZanesville.
The appearance of this party and their report of
proceedings, caused the crowd, already gathered,
to rush down Third street and through the bridge,
threatening to burn the village. At the western
entrance of the bridge, however, they encoun-
tered the Mayor of Putnam, Mr. Z. M. Chand-
ler, with an armed police, and were warned
that if they attempted to advance further, it
would be at their peril. After parleying awhile,
they slowly retreated, with bitter curses on the
abolition town. This assualt led, at the instance
of Mr. R. N. Dunlap, to the organization of the
"Putnam Greys," a military company, which,
under the drill of Captain Jesse P. Hatch, a
graduate of Captain Partridge's Military School,
at Norwich, Vermont, became one of the finest
military companies in the State, and was for
years an institution of this place.

The citizens of Putnam who differed from the
emancipationists, mainly in the manner and time
of accomplishing their ends, united in defending
their village, chiefly, of course, on the ground
of self preservation, but also on account of their
sympathy with the cause of right.

The anti-slavery controversy invaded almost
every home, and raised its head in church and
synod. Its discussion resulted in the disruption
of the Presbyterian Church, in May, 1838. In
this, the Synod of Ohio, was necessarily involved,
and its members became two hostile bands, not
as it is claimed, because of errors in doctrine,
but on secular grounds. "Although the same
diversity among brethren, as to the mode of
stating and explaining particular doctrines of
the confession, continued in the two bodies.
■ Some, who had been regarded as extreme "New
Measure" men, went with the Old School party,
while some who were extreme Calvinists, re-
mained in the New School connection.

ST. NICHOLAS ASSOCIATION.

This society was organized in October, 1854.
The object is mutual benefit ; in case of sickness,
the sum of three dollars per week is paid for the
benefit of the suffering, and in case of death, the
sum of twenty-five dollars is appropriated to de-
fray funeral expenses, and if there be a widow
and child, or children, an assessment of one dol-
lar per member is made for the benefit of the
bereaved.

The first officers were :

President — John Gunther.

Vice President — John Emmert.

Secretary — Peter Weber.

Treasurer — John M. Hoffner.

The present officers are :

President — V. J. Heilman.

Secretar}' — F. Huber.

Treasurer — A. E. Amer.

Trustees — Anthony Saup, Jacob Hiebel and
John Emmert.

The place of meeting, is St. Nicholas School
Hall.

OLD settlers' association.

"A meeting of the old citizens of Muskingum
county was held at the office of Sheriff Benja-
min F. Leslie, and organized by electing John
Peters, President, and L. H. Dugan, Secretary.

"On motion, the President appointed Benja-
min F. Leslie, A. C. Ross, and L. H. Dugan,
a committee to report a Constitution and By-
Laws, for the government of an association of
old citizens of Muskingum county, and to call
the next meeting of the same.

"John Peters, President.

"L. H. Dugan, Secretary."
Zanesville, August, 1867.

"Pursuant to the published call here cited, a
meeting of old citizens of Muskingum county
was held at Odd Fellows' Hall, in Zanesville,
on Friday, August 30th, 1867. A Constitution
and By-Laws were adopted, and the Association
adjourned, to meet on Friday, September 13th,
1867, at two o'clock, p. M., at Odd Fellows' Hall,
for the election of officers.

"John Peters, President.

"L. H. Dugan, Secretary."

The object of the Association is defined in the
following extract :

"Preamble — Whereas, It is desired to bring
together the few early emigrant settlers of the
Muskingum Valley, yet among us, within the
boundary of Muskingum county, State of Ohio ;
also, those born within the limits, prior to the
year A.D. 182^ ; and to obtain from them such
information relative to the early settlement of
Zanes\#lle and Muskingum county as may be
deemed interesting ; to meet at stated periods,
and hold social converse, renew the friendship
of the past, and bring up recollections of persons
and scenes long since gone."

The Committee reported the Constitution,
which was adopted, and signed by the following
persons :

G. M. Crooks, Sr. ; born, 1795 ; came into the
county, 1798.

I. B. Brookover ; born, 1790 ; came into the
county, 1806.

David Gibson Porter; born, 1806, in Zanes-
ville.

John Dulty ; born. 1791 ; came into the coun-
ty, 181 1.

Frederick A. Seborn ; born, 1813 ; came into
the county, 1820.

Elijah H. Church ; born, 1809, in Zanesville.

A. C. Ross ; born, 1812, in Zanesville,

336

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Amasa Van Home ; born, 1795 ; came into
the county, 1815.

Valentine Best ; born, 1816, within the city
limits.

Silvers Porter; born, 181 7, in Newton town-
ship.

Peter P. Morgan ; born, 1805 ; came into the
county, 181 7.

Stephen Burwell ; born, 1803 ; came into the
county, 18 1 6.

John Wolf; born, 1789 ; came into the county,

1837-

William I. Green i born, 1804 ; came into the

county, 18 14.

Benjamin F. Leslie; born, 1812 ; came into
the count)', 1820.

Cecilia C. Beatty ; born, 1820, in Zanesville.

John Church ; born, 1816, in Zanesville.

John Greiner ; came into the county, 1835.

Margaret A. Porter.

L,. H. Dugan ; came into the county, 1817.

Davis Johns : born, 1807 ; came into the coun-
ty, 1819.

Christian Grim ; born, 1800 ; came into the
county, 1828.

I. fl. Sullivan.

I. Belknap ; born, 1792 ; came into the count)',
1816.

James Granger; born, 1788; came into the
county, 1816.

Janles Hocking; born, 1788; came into the
county, 1830.

Elijah Sullivan directed his name to be put
down by W. F. Green.

A meeting of the Association was held, at
Odd Fellows' Hall, Zanesville, pursuant to no-
tice, September 13, 1867. In the absence of the
Chairman of the former meeting, L. H. Dugan
called the meeting to order. .

The following account of the business trans-
acted is from one of the leading local papers :

"Muskingum County Pioneer Association.
— A meeting of the members of the Muskingum
County Pioneer Association was held, at Odd
Fellows' Hall, Friday afternoon, commencing at
two o'clock, and was organized with A. A« Guth-
rie, Esq., Chairman, and L. H. Dugan, Esq.,
Secretary.

"The minutes of the last meeting were read
and approved. An election for permanent offi-
cers was then had. The following gentlemen
were elected officers of the Association, for the
year closing May 1, 1868:

"President — Rev. Cornelius Springer.

"First Vice-President — Colonel EHas Elhs.

"Second Vice-President — John Peters, Esq.

"Third Vice-President — Colonel John Crooks.

"Corresponding Secretary — L. H. Dugan.

"Recording Secretai-y — F. A. Seaborn.

"The following members constitute the Anti-
quarian Committee: Dr. A. H. Brown, John
Greiner, B. F. Leslie, Elijah Church, and I. B.
Brookover.

"The following members constitute the Pioneer
Committee : A. C. Ross, Stephen Burwell, Sil-

vers Porter, Mrs. C. C. Beatty, and A. A. Guth-
rie.

"Executive Committee — Amasa Van Home,
the President of the Association, the two Secre-
taries of the society, and John Greiner.

"On motion, it was resolved that ladies desir-
ing to become members are permitted to become
such without paying the membership fee, and,
also, all such persons, otherwise qualified, who
are unable to pay it ; and it was ordered that the
by-laws be amended, to that effect.

"The President took the Chair, and made
some very appropriate remarks, which were
highly appreciated by the Association.

"On motion, it was ordered, that the following
persons should be entitled to honorary member-
ship, upon their signing the Constitution: Judge
Sherwood, of New York, C. B. Flood, Alva
Buckingham, and George W. Cass.

"It was ordered, that the time and place of the
next meeting of the society, be published by the
President and Secretaries.

"Twenty -four persons signed their names to
the Constitution.

"We cannot let this occasion pass, without
adding our mite, to create and sustain the Asso-
ciation, whose proceedings ai^e narrated above.
A very few years, and the last one of the pio-
neers of this county will have passed away, and
with them, the recollections of the hardships and
other incidents connected with the early settle-
ment of our beautiful valley. It is, therefore,
incumbent upon those who remain to cherish
these recollections, to collect them in suitable
form for preservation, and to transmit to their
successors on the stage, an epitome, at least, of
the scenes and transactions of the pioneer era."

The Association issued the accompanying cir-
cular :

"Muskingum County \

"Pioneer Association, V

"Zanesville, O., Nov. ist^ 1867. )

"The Pioneer Association of Muskingum
county, having been lately organized, and in
successful operation, in this place, and, suppos-
ing you might be able to contribute something
in aid of its objects, we take the liberty to ask
your co-operation;

"We wish to obtain any and all interesting in-
formation connected with the early settlements
of the county ; the names and history of the
first settlers, whence they emigrated, when
and where they , first settled, whether now
living, or when died, their structures and im-
provements ; a history of the first house built in
your township, and first clearing ; the oldest
structure now standing ; the first mill built, or
other machinery. Any other information, con-
nected with the early settlement of the county,
which you might deem interesting, or worthy of
preservation, will be gratefully received. Should
you be in possession of any relics, or memorials
of interesting events, which you might be dis-
posed to present to the Association, they would
be thankfully accepted.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

237

"Send communications to any one of the un-
dersigned, composing the Antiquarian Commit-
tee.

"A. H. Brown,
"John Gretner,
"J. B. Brookover,
"E. H. Church,
"B. F. Leslie."

The following committees were elected :

Pioneer — A. C. Ross, Stephen Burwell, Silvers
Porter, Mr. C. C. Beatty and A. A. Guthrie.

Antiquai-ian — Dr. A. H. Brown, JohnGreiner,
B. F. Leslie. Elijah H. Church and LB. Brook-
over.

Executive — Amasa Van Home, Rev. Corne-
lius Springer, L. H. Dugan, F. A. Seborn, and
John Greiner.

At a meeting held November 16, 1867, a com-
munication from Isaac Smucker, Secretary of
Licking County Pioneer Association, was receiv-
ed— the thanks of the Muskingum Association
presented to Mr. Smucker, and the article placed
in the hands of the Publication Committee, con-
sisting of J. Greiner and Dr. A. H. Brown, ap-
pointed at this meeting. The President then
read an address to the meeting.

This is the last meeting recorded, and we are
left to conjecture the career of the Society, hav-
ing only tradition to say that manj^ valuable pa-
pers were gathered, but that owing to the ill-
health of Dr. Brown, they were never pi;epared
for publication, and, it is suspected, were convey-
ed to the paper mill, by some one whose greed
for pelf was greater than his desire for reminis-
cences, however thrilling and instructive.

THE YOUNG MEN's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.

The objects of this association are now well
known ; however, they were stated to be, "the
intellectual and moral improvement of the young
men of Zanesville, and vicinity, and the promo-
tion of evangelical religion ; to seek out the
young men of the city and bring them under
naoral and religious influences, b}^ introducing
them to the members and privileges of the asso-
ciation, and securing their attendance at some
place of worship, on Sabbath, and aiding such as
may need it in securing suitable boarding places
and employment ; also, to provide an attractive
place of resort for social purposes, a reading
room, library, lectures, and other agencies which
are not contrary to the teachings of the Bible,
and to use all practical means for increasing its
membership, activity and usefulness.

This association was formally organized on
the nth day of November, 1867 ; A. A, Guth-
rie was elected President. Mr. Guthrie was an
active worker, a sage counsellor, and earnest
friend of the association, and continued to serve
J:he society in this capacity until physically dis-
abled. His suceessors in the office of President
were : Dr. T. A. Reamy, E. L. Kemp, H. G.
O. Cary, (who served five terms), E. R. Sulli-
van, J. D. Warner, Rev. R. S. James, T. F.
Spangler, J. M. Bronson, L. M. Gray, Samuel
W. Clark, and Robert Fulton.

The rooms occupied by the association, at 136
Main street, are pleasant and conveniently lo-
cated, and have been kept open, and made at-
tractive by supplying the best periodicals and
papers of the day ; they also contain a library of
250 volumes. During several years, the average
number of readers per month was over i ,000 ;
most of these were young men, and lads, who '
would otherwise have sought their recreation on
the streets, orin places of doubtful character.

Dailj' Prayer Meeting. — During most of these

, years, a daily prayer meeting has been sustained

at the association rooms ; also a Union Prayer

Meeting, on Sabbath afternoons, and cottage

meetings, in the various parts of the city.

Their Workers at the County Infirmary and
Jail. — Meetings have been held at the Infirmary
by delegations from the association ; the jail is
visited every Sabbath, religious services held,
and papers distributed to the inmates. The Sab-
bath School at the "Mclntire Children's Home,"
has been admirabljr conducted by Mr. J. D. War-
ner.

In 1874, ^^^ association united with friends of
the Sabbath School work, in the Sixth Ward, in
erecting a neat and attractive building, in which
a large and flourishing Sabbath School has been .
held weekly, to the present time. This part of
the city was previously unsupplied with a house
for public worship and Sabbath School purposes.

Many objects of charity have been relieved by
the association ; homeless wanderers furnished
with food or lodging, railroad passes procured,
employment secured, and clothing furnished,
through the agencj^ of this association, and kin-
dred associations in other parts of America.

The officers for 1880 are as follows :

President — Robert Fulton.

Vice President — Samuel Clark.

Corresponding Secretary — D. T. Johnson.

Recording Secretary — .E. P. Church.

Treasurer — A. Palmer.

In connection with this association is the Chris-
tion Association Sewing Mission. This "labor of
love" was inaugurated in March, 1869, by Rev.
Mr. Mitchell, of South Street Church, Mrs.
Mitchell, Mrs. Van Buren, Miss Flood, Miss
Helen Purcell, Mrs. John Bowman, with several
members of the association. They met in the
rooms of the association, and considered meas-
ures for the improvement of the little girls, grow-
ing up under the influence of immoral and ignor-
ant parents, and it was decided to gather them
into a sewing school, under the auspices of the
Young Men's Christian Association. Where-
upon, a committee of ladies was appointed to
visit all parts of the city, seek out, and, as far as
possible, secure the attendance of this class of
girls.

The school was opened the last' Saturday in
March, 1869, in the South Street M. E. Chapel,
when a class of nine little girls, who had been
taught the preceding winter, atthe house of Mrs.
Van Buren, was united with the newly gathered
school.

January 19, 1870, a constitution was adopted,

238

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and the following officers elected : Mrs. H. G.
O. Cary, President and Treasurer; Miss Kate
Brown, Secretary.

The object of this Mission is "to promote the
religious, moral, and temporal welfare of chil-
dren ; especially to teach them sewing, and the
cutting and preparation of garments, in an eco-
nomical manner."

A distinct aim of the school has been to
awaken in the children self-respect, and a desire
to help themselves. A solid basis for pure and
honest lives has been laid in Scripture lessons,
and verses memorized at each meeting. Im-
provement in sewing, in cleanliness, and orderly
habits, has, in most cases, been very rapid.

The average yearly enrollment has been one
hundred and forty ; the attendance during the
winter months has been from fifty to one hundred
and twenty. Many of the pupils, as they have ar-
rived at a suitable age, have secured good situa-
tions, and a marked improvement has taken
place in the children's homes.

The school has completed eleven years of
labor, with much profit, under the superintend-
ence of Mrs. Cary, supported by the faithful

teachers: Misses— H. Purcell Early, Wil-

mot, Cora Hubbell, Bessie Guthrie, Carrie
Beaumont, E. Thompson, Lucy Hazlett, Mrs.

Chas. Abbott, Stenger, Ellen Hazlett,

Allen and B. F. Hersh.

Officers for 1880 :

President and Treasurer — Mrs. H. G. O. Cary.

Vice Preside.nt — Mrs. J. B. Allen.

Secretary — Miss Eva J. Thompson.

The Y. M. C. A., is the churches' mission to
young men. It is steadily growing in numbers
and increasipg in strength. Its purpose is be-
coming better defined and better understood.
Like other children, it has had to pass through
the troubles and difficulties of infancy, and is
to-day a great power in the land.

BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

Muskingum Building Association. — This
Association was incorporated November 21st,
1872. The stock consisted of twenty-five hun-
dred shares, at two hundred dollars each. The
organization took place December 20th, 1872.

The following Directors were elected at the
December meeting :

Thomas Durban, E. S. Garner, Alex. Grant,
C. T. DeVelling, Peter Black, Thomas Griffith,
George D. Gibbons, D. T. Johnson and W. H.
McOwen.

The first officers were :

President — Thomas Durban.

Vice President — E. S. Garner.

Treasurer — Alex. Grant,

Secretary — C. C. DeVelling.

Attorney— Judge L. P. Marsh. '

"The object of the Association is to raise
funds, to be loaned among the members, or
others, for buying and building homesteads, or
improving the same, and for other purposes."

The members of the association must pay, for
every share, twenty-five cents every week, on

Saturday, as dues. The Constitution provides
that each share-holder shall be entitled to a loan
of two hundred dollars for each share held by
him. These loans are made by a public sale of
money on the last Saturday of each month, at the
office of the association. The persons bidding
the highest premium take precedence in receiv-
ing the loans, paying, monthly, six per cent, per
annum. There are also fines for neglect to pay
the weekly dues for more than four weeks.

The profits to the association arise by reason
of the premium, bid for loans, interest on money
loaned, fines and fees for transferring stock on
the books of the association. The total of these
items, after deducting the current expenses, is
divided fro rata among all the stock-holders.
Whenever the assets of the association are
sufficient to pay such share-holder two hundred
dollars for each share of stock he may own, this
association shall be dissolved.

Officers and Directors for 1881 :

President — Robert Silvey.

Vice President — Thomas Griffith.

Treasurer — Alex. Grant.

Secretary and Attorney — T. F. Spangler.

Directors — Robert Silvey, T. S. Black, Thos.
Griffith, Alex. Grant, Robert Fulton, Joseph
Shaw, George D. Gibbons, E. P. Bloomer,
and Thos. W. Gattrell.

The McIntire Building Association was
incorporated June 22d, 1877. The formal or-
ganization was affected July 30th, 1877, and the
following Directors elected : Alex. Grant, F. J.
L. Blandy, Thomas Griffith, Daniel Applegate,
Thomas Lindsay, John W. Conrad, R. B.
Brown, Henry L. Korte and Chas. W. Fletcher.

The officers chosen were as follows :

President — F. J. L. Blandy.

Vice President — Chas. .W. Fletcher.

Treasurer — Alex. Grant.

Secretary and Attorney — T. F. Spangler.

The stock consists of two thousand shares, at
fifteen" dollars each. The minor details of the
woi'king, and the object of the Association, are
similar to those of the Muskingum Association.

Officers and Directors for 1881.

President — F. J. L. Blandy.

Vice President-^-Thomas Lindsay.

Treasurer — Alex. Grant.

Secretary and Attorney — T. F. Spangler.

Directors — F. J. L. Blandy, Thomas Lindsay,
R. B. Brown, Alex. Grant, John W. Conrade,
M. L. Korte, Daniel Applegate, Thomas Grif-
fith and James T. Irvine.

The Union Building Company, of Zanes-
viLLE, Ohio. — This was incorporated March
5th, 1880. The shares of stock are twenty-five
hundred, at one hundred dollars each. The
mode of working and the object, the same as
those above enumerated.

The officers ai^e :

President — Thomas Griffith.

Vice President — W. A. Graham.

Treasurer — Alex. Grant.

Secretary and Attorney — T. F, Spangler.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

239

Directors — Alex. Grant, W. A. Graham, Thos.
Lindsay, Francis Wedge, Robert Silvey, Thos.
Griffith, Fred. Geiger, and T. W. Gattrell.

WOMENS' BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATON.

In March, 1878, a call appeared in the dailies
of Zanesville, for a meeting of the ladies of the
city, to consider how benevolent work might be
carried on among the worthy poor of the city.
A meeting was held in the rooms of the Young
Men's Christian Association, when two plans
were offered for consideration ; one known as
the Germantown plan, and the other that in use
in Columbus. After the usual forms of tem-
porary organization had been observed, and the
two plans carefully compared, it was decided to
follow, in substance, the Columbus plan, ad-
justed to suit and meet the demands of the
Society, according to the Constitution adopted.

The following officers were then elected :

President— Mrs. J. F. Ohl.

Vice Presidents— Mrs. L. B. Taylor and Mrs.
T. J. Maginnis.

Secretary — Mrs. J. R. Peabody.

Treasurer — Miss Lucy Hazlett.

Subsequently, two managers from each ward
were appointed, whose duties were defined, to
visit the poor of their respective districts, and as
far as possible relieve their necessities.

As a beginning of greater things, the Secre-
tary gave the society two hundred dollars toward
a permanent fund. Smaller sums have been add-
ed, until the fund now reaches about $300.

About the first of May, 1878, the society was
legally incorporated, and thereby made a respon-
sible bod}'

A room in the market hoUse building was
placed at the service of the society, by the City
Council, and was furnished by its members. At
a meeting, held August 4th, 1878, a committee
was appointed for obtaining means for a hospital.
About this time, the 3'ellow fever fatality, in the
Mississippi Valley, attracted the attention of the
society, and it was deemed expedient to turn
their attention to wants in that region. Through
its efforts, in harmony with municipal enterprise,
some rapid and acceptable work was done. Sup-
plies, including delicacies acceptable to sick and
convalescing, were sent in abundance to Vicks-
burg and Holly Springs, Mississippi.

In 1878, the hospital committee, consisting of
Mrs. T. J. Maginnis, Miss Lucy Hazlett, and
Mrs. W. P. Shrom, conferred with a committee
from the City Council, to consider the prospect of
obtaining aid in this behalf from the public fund,
arguing that, as the object was for public benefit,
it would seem legitimate for the city to aid the
cause. Nothing was accomplished, however, and
as yet the city has done nothing but extend good
wishes and the use of a room, whei'e the society
opened a soup room, and issued many a little
pail of nutritious and palatable food to those who
would have suffered without this help during the
winters, when the demand for work was small.
The little pails sent out from the society rooms
were esteemed acceptable gifts to many an hum-

ble board. The food materials were gifts from
our generous-hearted merchants, and the labor
of preparing it was performed by the ward man-
agers. As trade revived, and spring came, with
its demand for labor, the applications for food
ceased, thus showing that those who had received
it were worthy, for, as soon as they could help
themselves, they did so, and, in consequence, the
soup room closed.

October 2, 1878, the society was shocked by
the sudden death of Miss Hazlett. This was a
great loss, for to this estimable lady, more than
to any other person, was due the project of the
society, and much of its earlier work was the re-
sult of her own suggestion and planning. The
society was sadly bereaved, and painfully real-
ized that, in Miss Hazlett, had passed awa}- one
of their most devoted members. And ere the
society had realized that death is no respecter of
persons, it was again shocked in the death of an-
other most valuable and earnest member, Mrs.
Lucy Hadley McCann. This sad event occurred
the 2d of October, 1879. 0^ ^^ch the world is
indeed unworthy ; and yet, we hear their grand-
est eulogy, as the refrain comes back, "Servant
of God, well done."

During the year 1879, *-^*^ society received,
$394.85 ; and expended, $231.63. For the year
1880, the society received, $587.03 ; and expend-
ed, $530.80.

The work has been done for the love of it, and
hence, the needy have h«id the full benefit of the
money received, and no logic or rhetoric is need-
ed to show that it is a noble work, nobly done ;
that it speaks in unmistakable terms of the gen-
erosity of the good people of Zanesville ; and it
is safe to conclude that the vicissitudes that beset
the poor here, as elsewhere, will be met in the
future, as in the past.

ST. JOSEPH SOCIETY.

This society was organized, Juh' 25th, 1878,
with' the following officers :

Pastor — Rev. M. Epping.

President — J. N. Stiner.

Vice President — A. E. Amer.

Secretary — John Schiele.

Treasurer — John Heilman.

Trustees — Joseph Wiedig, John Amer, and Jo-
seph Keller.

The object of the society is beneficial to its
members, to whom, during sickness, the sum of
three dollars per week is paid, and in case of death,
the sum of twenty-five dollars is appropriated for
funeral expenses. An assessment is then made
of one dollar per member, for the benefit of the
widow and children, if there be anv such persons.

The present officers are as follows ;

Pastor — Rev. M. Epping.

President — John N. Stiner.

Vice President — Joseph Emmert.

Secretary — Anthony Saup.

Treasurer — John Emmert.

Trustees — Joseph Keller, Theodore Korn, and
Joseph Wiedig. The place of meeting is at St.
Nicholas School ?Iall.

240

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

CHAPTER XIX.

LIBRARY.

2ANESVILLE ATHENEUM.

This is the crowning result of many an earnest
effort. The inception may be traced back to a
meeting, held December 19th, 1827, intended for
the formation of a reading society, over which
Alexander Harper presided, and Alfred Martin
acted as Secretary. At this meeting, on motion
of C. B. Goddard, a committee was appointed to
draft articles of association. The President ap-
pointed Richard Stillwell, Allen Cadwallader,
and C. B. Goddard, who reported as follows :

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION.

Article i . This society shall be called the
" Zanesville Atheneum."

Art. 2. The society shall, meet at their read-
ing room, on the evening of the third Monday in
January, of each year, at six o'clock, p. m., for
the transaction of business, and the election of
officers.

Art. 3. The officers of the society shall be a
President, Secretary, Treasurer, and five Direc-
tors, who shall hold office one year, and until
their successors are elected. The President shall
also be one of the Board of Dii-ectors.

Art. 5. The Directors shall determine what
reviews, magazines, newspapers, and books shall
be subscribed for and purchased, contract for a
room, and report annually to the society.

Art. 6. The society reserves the power to
instruct the Directors to subscribe for or purchase
any particular work, and to direct the discontin-
uance of any.

Art. 7. The Secretary to perform the cus-
tomary duties.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall collect the sub-
scriptions during the first week in January of
each year. He shall conduct the correspondence
of the society, remit money, and keep an ac-
curate account of the receipts and expenditures,
an exhibit of which he shall make at their annual
meetings.

Art. 9. Any person may become a member
of this society by the payment of five dollars
($5.00) annually; and any member wishing to
discontinue his subscription, must give notice in
writing to the Secretary, at least thirty days be-
fore the expiration of the year, and an}- member
remaining in default for thirty days, may be tlis-
missed by the Directors.

Art. 10. Any subscriber shall have tlie privi-
lege of introducing an}' member of his family be-
tween the ages of fourteen and twenty-one years,
upon paying the sum of two dollars ($2.00) for

each person so introduced.

** * * * ****

The society accepted the report, and adopted
the rules, and appended their names thereto.

February 16, 1829, these rules were amended
to the code in force in 1880.

An Act to Incorporate the Zanesville Ath-
eneum— Section i . Be it enacted by the Gen-
eral Assembly of the State of Ohio, That Alex-

ander Harper, Charles B. Goddard, Richard
Stillwell, A. Cadwallader, William A. Adams,
Bernard Van Home, Alfred Martin, James V.
Cushing, and their associates be, and they are
hereby created and declared a body, corporate
and politic, by the name of "The Zanesville
Atheneum ;" and by that name, shall have pei'-
petual succession ; be capable of suing and being
sued ; pleading, and being impleaded ; may have a
common seal, and may alter the same at pleasure.

Sec. 2. That the said corporation may pur-
chase, receive, hold, and convey any estate, real,
personal, or mixed ; provided that the clear in-
come of such estate shall not exceed the sum of
two thousand dollars ; and, provided also, that
no part of the stock of said corporation, or prop-
erty owned by it, shall at any time be used, or
employed, for banking purposes, in any manner
whatsoever, or for an}- other than literary purposes
— the purchase of books, maps, charts, pamphlets
and newspapers, the building necessary to con-
tain the same, and the necessary expenses of the
institution.

Sec. 3. That the members of the said cor-
poration may, from time to time, elect such offi-
cers as may be deemed necessary, and make by-
laws necessary for the institution ; and may an-
nex to the same, reasonable pecuniary fines and
penalties for the breach thereof. Provided,
that said by-laws be not repugnant to the consti-
tution and laws of the United States, nor of this
State.

This act shall take effect, and be in force, from
and after the passage thereof".

Edward KiN<i.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Samuel Wheeler,
Speaker of the Senate.

December 22. 1828.

The following were signers and stockholders,
with voting privileges : Charles B. Goddard, S.
H. Culbertson, John Wilson, Jr., Daniel Con-
vers, Adam Peters, J. V. Cushing, Robert Ful-
ton, Samuel Hall, Charles Hill, Jonas Stanbury,
James Raquet, Charles S. Wilson, J. H. Moore-
head, x\lfred Martin, H.L. Pierce. Isaac Dillon,
Henry Granger, Josiah Spaulding, W. R. Put-
nam, A. Cadwallader, W. A. Adams, T. Flan-
nerer, Richard Stillwell, Alex. Harper, David
Springier, James Granger, B. Van Home, Rob-
"ert Richmond, George B. Reeve, AmosG. Bald-
win, William Blocksom, Samuel Russell, W. C.
Pelham, J. Belknap, James Reeve, Joseph Rob-
ertson, Nap. Moorehead, George W. Jackson,

C. C. Gilbert, Irwin Reed, John A. Adams, M.

D. Wheeler, David Reed, A. C. Howard,
Stephen Burwell, Jacob Stout, C. C. Convers,
John Sherrard, W. L. Jackson, Jonathan Molles-
ton, Emler Cadwallader, D. Brush, R. Doster,
George Reeve, Joseph Caldwell, Washington
Moorehead, George Golden, L. P. Bailey,
George H. Flood, M. Dulty, D. W. Rhodes, and
one hundred others. 1

At a meeting of the society, held January i,
1828, the Secretary was instructed to order the
Treasurer to purchase the following publications.

TITLE PAGE OF "THE TELEPHONE.'

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

241

which constituted the first purchase made by the
society:

Edinburg Review, London Quarterly, North
American, American Quarterly, Silliman's Jour-
nal, Littell's Museum, National Intelligencer,
National Gazette, United States Telegraph, New
York Engineer, Louisiana Weekly Advocate,
Richmond Whig, Charleston Courier, Marjr-
lander, Littell's Religious Magazine; and, on
the 4th of March following, the Southern Review,
New York American, and Boston Bulletin, were
added.

The first officers of the association were :

President — Alexander Harper.

Secretary — Alfred Martin.

Treasurer — J. V. Cushing.

Librarian — Seth Adams.

Directors— R. Stillwell, A. Cadwallader, C.

B. Goddard, B. Van Home, W. A. Adams.
The society, through a committee appointed

for that purpose, procured a lease of a portion of
ground, since occupied by the Court House ; the
lease was dated February 6, 1830, and is record-
ed on page 326, Book "N," Muskingum
County Records. According to the terms of said
lease, "the society shall have the use of the lot
named, for the term of one thousand years, at an
annual rent of one cent per annum, if demanded
by the Commissioners.

March 10, 1830, the Atheneum Building Com-
mittee accepted the bid of John Wilson, for the
erection of a suitable brick building, upon the
property leased, as aforesaid. The building was
erected at a cost of about $3,500, and was occu-
pied by the society until the site was deemed de-
sirable for Court House 'grounds, and which,
after due consideration, the society transferred
back to the County Commissioners for the con-
sideration of $6,575, to the society paid by the
said Commissioners, that the grounds might be
occupied by "the old 1809 Court House ;" and
the Atheneum Association purchased and moved
into the premises now occupied by them, for the
sum of $6,200.

The income of the Atheneum is one thousand
dollars annually from the administrators of the
Mclntire estate ; three hundred and thirty dollars
($330.) from rents, and five dollars per annum
from each stockholder, at present about thirty,
making one hundred and fifty dollars. Total
revenue, fourteen hundred and eighty dollars.

The Library in 1880 contained about 5,000
volumes. The reading room is open every day
in the week, and is free.

Monday's, Wednesday's and Saturday's ai-e
fixed for the time of drawing books.

The expenses of the society are for Librarian,^
$325 per annum ; and incidentals, gas, fuel and
repairs.

The officers in 1880 were :

President — John Gilbert.

Secretary and Treasurer — A. C. Ross.

Directors— C. H. Abbot, T. M. Gattrell, C.

C. Goddard, J. W. King, C. C. Russell, (de-
ceased) and J. R. Stonesipher.

Librarian— Miss M. A. Stillweil.

Stockholders— C. H. Abbot, J. B. Allen, D.
Applegate, A. Ball, J. P. Barton, J. Burgess, Z.
M. Chandler. S. Clark, H. Elliott, C. H.
Gattrell, T. M. Gattrell, J. Gilbert, C. C. God-
dard, W. A. Graham, M. M. Granger, R. S.
Granger, C. C. Hildreth, C. H. Jones, J. W.
King, L. P. Marsh, E. Mathews, Mrs. A. Mer-
rick, J. O'Neil, G. Printz, A. C. Ross, F. A. Se-
born, H. Stanbery, J. R. Stonesipher, T. B.
Townsend, and the Mclntire administrators.

The following is a list of the Presidents of the
Zanesville Atheneum since it organization, in
1828, to the present time :

1828-31 — Alexander Harper.

1832-33 — Thomas Planner.

1833-36— C. B. Goddard.
. 1836-37 — Richard Stillwell.

1837-38 — A. Cadwallader.

1838-41— Richard Stillwell.

1841-45— C. B. Goddard.

1845-47 — John S. Potwin.

1847-50 — John T. Fracker.

1850-51 — Samuel J. Cox.

1851-53— C. B. Goddard.

1853-56 — Edwin Brush.

1856-61— M. M. Granger.

1861-64— Alfred Merrick.

1864-65— S. H. Guthrie.

1865-66— Alfred Merrick.

1866-72— Charies W. Chandler.

1872-Aug. 1873 — Alfred Merrick.

Aug. 1873-74 — M. M. Granger.

1874-75 — R. S. Granger.

1875-80-81— John Gilbert.

CHAPTER XX.

TEIiEGKAPH AND TELEPHONE.

Electric Telegraph — Brief Resume. — Ex-
periments in electricity, having more or less bear-
ing upon its practical use in telegraph communi-
cation were made by Winckler, at Leipsic, 1746 ;
La Monier, in Paris ; Watson, in London, 1747 ;
Lornord, in 1784; Betancour, at Madrid, 1798;
Galvani's discovery of " Galvanism," at Bolon-
ga, 1791 ; Prof. Volta's "Voltaic Battery," at
Pavia, 1801 ; Soemmerring, at Munich, 1807 ;
The practical use of Galvanism in telegraphs,
as prophesied by John Redman Coxe of Phila-
delphia, in 1816. Great ad\-ance made by Prof.
Oersted, at Copenhagen, in 1819. The Electro-
magnetic agency first full}' developed andapplied
by Prof. Morse, 1832, patented 1840. The first
telegraph by this agency in the United States,
was between Washington and Baltimore, in 1844.
Cooke & Wheatstone's patent in England. 1840.
Bain's patent in England, first 1842 ; applied in
United States, 1849. House's in 1848.

The O'Riley Telegraph Companj- was the first
to introduce a line in Zanesville ; it was built by
Henry O'Riley and F. O. J. Smith, and extended
from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville,
hither. The office was opened in the spring of
1847, and Mr. A. C. Ross served the compan}-
as operator gratuitoush' for six months, and ex-

242

HISTORY OF

MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ercised supervision ovei- it for some time longer.
The mode of operating at that time, was known
as the Register, which was reading telegraph
characters inscribed on ribbons of paper that
were made to pass beneath a lead pencil, operated
by electricity. This mode continued in use un-
til about 1855, when the present mode of oper-
ating by sound began to be used. The mode by
register is very rarely used now. In those days,
the business was small, and one man did the
operating, delivered messages and repaired the
line, when it was needed. Now, the business re-
quires three operators, two messengers and a
man to do the repairing. In those days, from
twenty-four to thirty-six hours were required to
exchange messages with parties in New York ;
now the time required is from fifteen to thirty
minutes. Then, two wires did the duty for thi's
entire section of country ; npw it takes from sixty
to sixty-five wires. Then, from five hundred to
six hundred words of press matter per day, was a
long report ; now the average is three thousand
words.

The operators have been as follows :

1847 — A. C. Ross and Grant E. Garlock, de-
ceased.

1848 — George F. Garlock, deceased.

1849 — Marion H. Markle.

1850 — David S. Brooks.

1855 — James D. Hoge.

The last named gentleman has sei^ved continu-
ously since the date of his appointment, and is
still in the harness, as managing operator, held
in high esteem by the company, and the people.

In i860, the company was again changed, and
has ever since been known as the Western Union
Telegraph Company. The territory wprked is the
same, with some additions.

In 1862, The United States Telegraph Com-
pany began operations here, and continued until
1866.

In 1877, The Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph
opened an office in Zanesville, and closed Feb-
ruary I, 188 1.

Telephone Company. — The telephone was
introduced by R. A. Cunningham and M. W.
Mansfield. The first instrument was put up June
16, 1879, and the central office was located in the
Maginnis Block, over the Post Office. The
enterprise started with forty subscribers, and was
at once so manifestly advantageous that without
further solicitation the list was soon increased to
one hundred and seventy, and connections were
made with all the schools, business houses, and
a large number of private residences.

"The power behind the throne" was the
"battery system ;" i.e : for the purpose of making
a call or signaling, the electric force was sup-
plied from a large battery, which was not only
very expensive, but troublesome.

The Zanesville Telephone Company organ-
ized with a capital of $20,000. The charter is
dated November nth, 1880 ; the incorporators:
Martin W. Mansfield, Robert A. Cunningham,
Thomas W. Gattrell, Thomas Griffith and W.
A. Graham. The company determined to

build telegraph lines to the surrounding towns, .
and on putting wires on poles, and giving each
subsci"iber his own wire to the central office.
The old telephone exchange was sold to the new
company, January i, 1881, and the Magneto
system adopted, and connection made with the
Western Union Telegraph office, so that sub-
scribers can send messages from their own home
to any place where an instrument is stationed, to
any point ^reached by telegraph. Under the
new system*, there are about ninety subscribers,
and about one hundred miles of wire. Subscri-
bers rates are about $40 per year.

The officers elected January i, 1881, were:

President — Colonel M. Churchill.

Vice President — Thomas Griffith.

Secretary — M. W. Mansfield.

Treasurer — Thomas W. Gattrell.

Superintendent — Robert A. Cunningham.

James D. Hoge is now Superintendent.

In June, 1881, the stock of the company was
purchased by E. M. Barton, and others, of
Chicago. These parties are purchasing a large
number of exchanges, in order to connect with
trunk lines ; and it is deemed among the proba-
bilities that ere two more annual cycles have
been made, conversation by telephone may be
carried on, within a radius of a thousand miles.

CHAPTER XXI.

ZANESVILLE ELECTIONS.

ELECTIONS SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE
PRESENT CITY CHARTER.

•

April 15, 1850 — Mayor, William Shultz.
Councilmen — William Galigher, Mark Loudan,
F. J. Fracker, Jr., Joseph Galigher, Daniel
Applegate, Thomas Davidson, S. R. Hosmer,
B. T. Whitaker, F. B. Abbott, J. M. James, G.
Wynkoop and Henrj- Blandy. Super\'isors,
Peter Sockman and John Waters. .

April 7, 1851 — Mayor, Wm. Shultz. Council-
men — William Galigher, Mark Loudan, J. T.
Fracker, Jr., Joseph Galigher, John Coleman, F.
B. Abbott, JohnMcBride, S. R. Hosmer, Henry
Blandy, Samuel Clark, and John Woods. Justice
of the Peace, John Harrison ; Supervisor, Peter
Sockman. School Directors, Alex. Sullivan
and Jacob Glessner. Constables, Benjamin
Spangler and William Jennings.

April 5, 1852 — Mayor, Wm. Shultz. Council-
men — George A. Jones, Lewis Brenholts, Elias
Ebert, Thomas Davidson, Joseph Galigher, John
Closman, William Ruth, Hamilton Robertson, S.
R. Hosmer, G. Wj'nkoop, J. M. James and E. L.
Grisby. Justice of the Peace, F. A. Seborn.
Supervisor, P. Sockman. Constables, B.
Spangler and William Jennings. School
Director, George L. Shinnick.

April 4, 1853 — Mayor, D. J. Culbertson.
Councilmen — Mark Loudan, John Coleman,
William Ruth and William Fox. City Solici-
tor, A. P. Blocksom. City Treasurer, Adam
Peters. Marshal, James Campbell. Trustee of

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

243

Water Works, A. J. Printz. Constables, William
Jennings and Benjamin Spangler. School
Directors' — A. SulHvan, G. L. Shinnick, Jacob
Glessner and J. L. Cox.

April 3, 1854 — Justices of the Peace — H. N.
Thompson, Samuel Chapman. Councilmen,
Mark Loudan, John Coleman, William Ruth,
William Fox. Treasurer, Adam Peters.
Marshal, James Campbell. Constables, Benja-
min Spangler, William Jennings. Trustee of
Water Works. Thomas Griffith. Assessors — E.
A. Abbott, E. H. Gibbons, L. Mohler, Lewis
Grigsby. School Directors — J.T. Fracker, J. T.
Adams, Jacob Glessner, B. Van Home. Super-
visor, Peter Sockman.

April, 1855 — Mayor, D. J. Culbertson.
Councilmen — George James, J. B. Thompson,
J. T. Brown, David Hattan. Citjr Solicitor,
■ A. P. Blocksom. Treasurer, A. Peters.
Marshal, Isaac Campbell. Constables — J. T.
Stumley, E. S. Dodd. School Directors —
J. T. Fracker, J. F. Adams, William Shultz, L.
H. Bigelow. Assessors — R. Delany, William
Wright, L. Mohler, G. Ferntemaker. Trustees
of Water Works — Joseph Galigher, E. Wilks.
Supervisor, Moses Bridwell.

April 7, 1856 — Justices of the Peace — C. W.
Buckmaster, James Mills. Councilmen — A. J.
Printz, William Ruth, Jonathan Swank. Treas-
urer, John Metcalf. Marshal, William M. Laugh-
lin. Constables — Benj. Spangler, E. S. Dodd.
Trustee of Water Works, A. J. Hahn. Asses-
sors— Elijah Sullivan, William Wright, G. W.
Ritz;e, Lewis Grigsby. Supervisor, Peter Sock-

man.

April 6, 1857— Mayor, E. L. Grigsby. Mar-
shal, William M. Laughlin. Justice of the Peace,
James Cochran. Trustee of Water Works, Thos.
Griffith. City Solicitor, N. N.Guille. Council-
men — Austin Berry, John Metcalf, R. W. P.
Muse, A. R. Cassiday. Constables, B. Spang-
ler, Jacob Lyder. Board of Education, D. D.
Yarndt, Adam Fletcher. Assessors — Elijah Sul-
livan, W. Wright, John Brimer, Lewis Grigsby.

April 5, 1858 — Councilmen — ^James Mills, S.
Chapman, A. J. Printz, M. C. Mitchel, David
McCarty, WilHam Fox. Marshal, William
Laughlin. Treasurer, B. F. Leslie. Trustee
of Water Works, Joseph Galligher. Board of
Education — ^A. P. Blocksom, W. A. Graham.
City Solicitor, John Haynes, Constables, Jacob
Lyda, Benjamin Spangler. Assessors — Wallace
Quigley, William H. Cunningham. William
Wright, Elijah Sullivan.

April 4, 1859 — Mayor, J. B. Thompson. Mar-
shal, Jacob Lyda. Treasurer, D. C. CoAvers.
City Clerk, G. W. Thompson. City Solicitor,
Samuel Chapman. Trustee of Water Works,
William Schultz. Justice of the Peace, George
Weaver. Supervisor, Moses Bridwell. Coun-
cilmen, George James, M. C. Mitchell, R. W.
P. Muse, J. L. Taylor. Constables, John O'Hara,
Nimrod Taylor. Assessors — Elijah Sullivan,
William Wright, Nerval Chamberlain, Lewis
Grigsby^

April 2, i860 — Councilmen — Lewis Brenholts,

A. J. Printz, S. R. Hosmer, Daniel Hatton. City
Clerk, Thomas Halpin. Treasurer, D. C. Con-
vers. Trustees of Water Works, G. T.Green-
land, Thomas Griffith. Marshal, Jacob Lyda.
Constables, John Dixon, Nimrod Taylor. Jus-
tice of the Peace, Joseph Cochran. Board of Ed-
ucation, G. A. Thompson.

April I, 1 86 1 — Mayor, Mark Loudan. Mar-
shal, Jacob Lyda. City Clerk, J. C. Coch-
ran. City Solicitor, S. Chapman. Treasurer,
D. C. Convers. Trustee of Water Works, G. T.
Greenland. Board of Education, Thomas Snive-
ly, A. P. Blocksom. Councilmen, Joseph Cros-
by, D. Applegate, William Rieth, J. L. Taylor.
Assessors, E. Sullivan, William Wright, W.
Quigley, L. Grigsby.

April, 1862 — Marshal, Jacob Lyda. Council-
men, Lewis Brenholts, Henry Gilligan, O. S. R.
Hosmer, Daniel Hattan. Treasurer, D. C. Con-
vers. Trustee of Water Works, Wm. Schultz.
Constables, R. A. Sutton, John Dixon. Asses-
sors, William Munro, William Wright, Charles
Lucas, Lewis Grigsby.

April, 1863 — Mayor, Mark Loudan. Justice
of the Peace, H. W. Chandler. Councilmen —
James Crosby, D. Applegate, Moses Bridwell,
John L. Taylor. Marshal, Isaac Campbell. City
Solicitor, A. P. Blocksom. Constables, Wil-
liam W. Smith, John Dixon. Board of Educa-
tion, F. A. Thompson, Adam Fletcher. Trustee
of Water Works, Thomas Griffith. Assessors,
William Munro, Isaac Hoge, Theodore Brown,
P. T. Wright.

April 4, 1864 — Marshal, Isaac Carripbell.
Councilmen, Jacob Smith, A. J. Printz, Theo-
bald Stemler, Daniel Hattan. Trustee of Water
Works, J. T. Greenland. Board of Education,
Thomas Lindsay, John Price. Constables, Isaac
M. Brown, Charles Moore. Assessors, E. Sulli-
van, W. Wright, William Leffler, P. Wright.

April 3, 1865 — Mayor, John W. James. Coun-
cilmen, A. A. Thompson, Daniel Applegate,
Walter A. Bell, J. L. Taylor. City Solicitor,
M. M. Granger. Marshal, J. C. Wolf. Con-
stables, I. M. Brown, John Green. Trustee of
Water Works, William Ruth. Assessors, Wil-
liam Mears, William Wright, William Leffler, P.
T. Wright.

April 2, 1866. — Councilmen, Joseph Crosby,
Thomas Halpine, William Ruth, J. R.' Price.
Justice of the Peace, H. W. Chandler. Marshal,
J. C. Wolf. Trustee of Water Works, Thomas
Griffith. Board of Education, F. A. Thompson,
Adam Fletcher. Constables, Isaac M. Brown,
Benjamin Spangler. Assessors, William Mun-
ro, William Wright, Jacob Crotzer, P. T.
Wright.

April I, 1867. — Mayor, Asa R. Cassidy. Mar-
shal, J. C. Wolf. City Solicitor, John Haynes.
Trustee of Water Works, J. T. Greenland.
Constables, Benjamin Spangler, John Arter.
Board of Education, John R. Rice, M. C. Mitch-
ell. Councilmen, F. A. Thompson, John L.
Taylor, D. Applegate, William M. Shinnick.
Assessors, William Munro, William Wright, Ja-
cob Crotzer, P. T. Wright.

244

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

April 6, 1868— Marshal, J. C. Wolf. City
Solicitor, A. J. Andrews. Trustee of Water
Works, William Ruth. Constables, James D.
Mitchell, Benjamin Spangler. Councilmen, Jo-
seph Crosby, Samuel Clark, William Ruth, Cur-
ran Blue, William Geiger, C. Fletcher, Conrad
Fletcher, W. E. James. Board of Education,
George W. Green, George W. GrifFee. Asses-
sors, William Munro, David Keeley, John A.
Daugherty, William A. Burkhart, E. L. Grigs-
by, William Nutt. The, vote on the annexation
of Putnam to Zanesville, is reported as 1456 in
favor, and 28 against.

April 5, 1869.— Mayor, William Ruth. Mar-
shal, J. C. Wolf. City Clerk, George D. Gib-
bons. Citj' Solicitor, Albion J. Andrews. Trus-
tee of Water Works, F. Hirschley. City Civil
Engineer, James P. Egan. Sti^eet Commission-
er, Daniel Smith. Justice of the Peace, G. L.
Phillips. Constables, John J. Arter, J. D. Mitch-
ell. Councilmen, F. A. Thompson, D. Apple-
gate, C. Blue, H. Deffenbaugh, John H. Gorm-
ley, William H. McOwen, Frank Horn. Board
of Education, J. W. Conrade, Adam Fletcher,
F. A. Victor. Assessors, William Munro, Wil-
liam Wright, George A. Daugherty, Elijah Sul-
livan, John J. Patterson, William Nutt, Sr.

March 29, 1870. Election on the question of
appropriating twenty-five thousand dollars, for
the purpose of building a railroad in Zanesville
— In favor, 1077 votes ; against, 16 votes. Ma-
jority in favor, 1061.

April 4, 1870. — Justice of the Peace, H. W.
Chandler. Constables, J. J. Arter, William
Nutt. Treasurer, William Price. Trustee of
Water Works, George Rishtine. Cit}^ Commis-
sioner, John Stone. Trustees of Cemeteries,
William N. Shinnick, G. W. Blocksom, W. H.
Deffenbaugh. Councilmen, Robert Price, Thos.
Lindsay, Benjamin Spangler, C. Stoltzenbach,
Henry Blandy, John L. Taylor. Assessors,
William Wright, George A. Daugherty, Elijah
Sullivan, J. J. Patterson, William Nutt. Board
of Education, William C. Hurd, George W.
Griffee, Isaac Pearsall.

October 11. 1870 — Special Election. — For an-
nexation of Putnam — "Yes," 1818 votes; "No,"
49 votes. For annexation of West Zanesville —
"Yes," 1939 votes ; "No," 34 votes.

April 3, 1871. — Mayor, William Ruth. Mar-
shal, William Jennings. Trustee of Water
Works, George H. Vroom. City Solicitor, Al-
bion J. Andrews. Civil Engineer, A. J. Spaul-
ding. Trustee of Cemetery, W. H. Deffen-
baugh. Justice of the Peace, John J. James.
Constables, John Arter, William Nutt, Coun-
cilmen, F. A. Thompson, D. Applegate, Cur-
ran Blue, F. H. Achauer, W. H. McOwen,
Michael McDonald, Edward Bailey, William T.
Maher. Board of Education, Richard Hocking,
S.J. Moore. Assessors, William Munro, Wil-
liam Wright, George A. Daugherty, Elijah Sul-
livan, J. J. Patterson, William Nutt, Sr., Robert
Delany, W. H. Search.

April I, 1872. — ^Justice of the Peace, Joseph
S. Parke. Constables, J. J. Arter, William

Nutt, Sr. City Commissioner, John Slone.
Trustee of Water Works, Patrick Dugan. Trus-
tee of Cemetery, A. E. Cook. Councilmen,
Robert Price, Eugene Printz, Robert D. Shultz,
Frank Meyers, Henry Blandy, James L, Taylor,
P. P. Morgan, E. B. Williams. Board of Edu-
cation, J. V. Smeltzer, M. Calhoun, Richard
Hocking. Assessors, William Munro, William
Wright, George A. Daugherty, James Ryan, J.
J. Patterson, William Nutt, Sr., R. Delaney.
City Commissioner, Daniel Smith. For annex-
ation of Putnam, "Yes," 1499 votes ; "No," 615
votes.

Special election, June 17, 1872. Vote on the
quesion of issuing bonds to the amount of $100,-
000, for the purpose of building the Zanesville,
Cumberland and Caldwell Railroad. In favor of
the measure, 1,193 votes. Against the measure,
eighty-seven votes.

April 7, 1873. — Mayor, Robert F. Brown.
Marshal, John J. Arter. City Solicitor, Allen
Miller. Trustee of Water Works, C. R. Hub-
bell. Trustees of Cemetery, Wm. S. Harlan
and Joseph Shaw. City Civil Engineer, A. J.
Spaulding. Councilmen, A. E. Cook, Daniel
Applegate-, B. F. Spangler, Fred Dietrich, C.
W. Fletcher, Michael McDonald, Samuel G.
McBride, Wm. Foran, Geo. W. Guthrie. Board
of Education, W. H. Hurd, Geo. W. GrifFee,
Henrv Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan. Assessors,
T. H" Patrick, Wm. Wright, C. J. Dieterly,
James F. Ryan, Joseph J. Patterson, Wm. Nutt,
Robert Delaney, Wm. F. Plants. Justice of
the Peace, Henry S. Harding. Constables,
James D. Mitchell, James G. Hannum.

April 8, 1874. — Justice of the Peace, John J.
James. Constables, James G. Hannum, Wm.
Nutt. Trustee of Water Works, Thomas
Lindsay. Trustee of Cemetery, Geo. R.
Humphrey. Cit}' Commissioner, R. A. Cun-
ningham. City Infirmary Directors, Enoch S.
Huff, Horatio Chandler. Councilmen, Robert
Price, Henry J. Dennis, John Leis, Andrew
La Fleur, Henrj^ Blandv, Thomas McCormick,
Horace D. Munson, Sr"., Wm. T. Maher, Or-
lando C. Farquhar. Board of Education, Daniel
Dugan. Assessors, Thomas H. Patrick, John W.
Campbell, George Dougherty, Adolph Kreuter,
John P. Taggart, Wm. Nutt, A. C. Smith, W.
F. Plants, M. F. Nevitt.

April 5, 1875. — Mayor, Calvin C. Gibson.
Marshal, J. C. Wolf. " City Solicitor, Wm. C.
Blocksom. City Civil Engineer, James P.
Egan. Trustee of Water Works, Robert D.
Shultz. Trustee of Cemetery, Wm. H. Ball.
City Infirmary Directors, John Launder, H. W.
Chandler. Constables, Jacob Bash, John D.
Sode. Justice of the Peace, Fred Hirshey.
Councilmen, Thomas Durban, Chas. Brendell,
Edward P. Bloomer, J. B. Brown, C. W.
Fletcher, John J. Thomas, Vance B. Lewis,
Wm. Moran, Periy Wiles. Board of Education,
James A. Cox, Wm. Lillienthal, R. Hocking,
A. C. Smith, James C. Gillespie. Assessors,
T. H. Patrick, Geo. Jenkins, G. H, Daugherty,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

24s

A. Kreuter, J.J. Patterson, Wm. Nutt, Edward
Bailey, W. J. Plants, Jonathan Brelsford.

April 2, 1876. — Justice of the Peace, Henry S.
Harding. Constables, John S. Mills, John G.
Sode. Ti-ustee of Water Works, M. Churchill.
Trustee of Cemetery, John M. Bonnett. City
Commissioner, John B. Robert. City Infirmary
Director, Enoch C. Huff. Councilmen, Daniel
Applegate, John Leis, Wm. Fox, John L. Tay-
lor, H. D. Munson, Geo. W. Shaw, Alvin B.
Williams, George N. Guthrie. Assessors, T.
H. Patrick, Geo. A. Dougherty, Thomas ElHott,
Henry Brown, Wm. Nutt, Robert Delaney, Wm.
W. Lloyd, J. Brelsford. Board of Education,
Eugene Printz, C. C. Goddard, Wm. Lillien-
thal, Alfred Ball, M, V. Mitchell, John L.
Turner.

April 2, 1877. — Mayor, Wm. H. McOwen.
Marshal, Benjamin Fell. City Solicitor, Wm.
T. Blocksom. Justice of the Peace, Fenton
Bagley. Trustee of Water Works, Wm. S.
Harlan. Trustee of Cemeteries, C. C. Russell.
City Infirmary Director, H. N. Chandler. City
Civil Engineer, Fred Howell. Constables,
Chas. E. Moore, John G. Sode. Councilmen,
Robert Burrough, E. P. Bloomer, Chas. Brendel,
John N. Stiner, Thomas E. Sturges, Lewis
Harper, Wm. Bressant, Wm. Foran, O. Far-
quhar. Assessors, T. H. Patrick, Geo. J. Miller,
Geo. A. Dougherty.

April 1st, 1878. — City Commissioner, John
Emerjr. Trustee of Water Works, R. D.
Shultz. Trustee of Cemeteries, J. W. Conrade.
Justice of the Peace, Geo. N. Griffin. Con-
stables, Chas. E. Moore, James G. Hannum.
City Infirmary Director, John Launder. Coun-
cilmen, A. F. Street, John Still, B. Wheeler, D.
Bischoff, F. Dietrich, W. Fox, Geo. V. Fell, W.
E. Atwell, Geo. W- Shaw,N. K. Smith. Board
of Education, W. M. Shinnick, J. C. Brenholts.
Assessors, J. T. Fracker, Geo. J. Miller, G.
Dougherty, James Ayers, J. J. Patterson, C.
Kerner, R. Delany, W. W. Lloyd, A. J. Pick-
ings.

April 7, 1879. — Mayor, W. C. Blocksom. Mar-
shal, Benjamin Fell. City Solicitor, H. R. Stan-
berry. City Civil Engineer, Fred. Howell. Trus-
tee of Water Works. Wendall Churchill. Trus-
tee of Cemeteries, John M. Bonnett. City In-
firmary Director, Enoch S. Huff. Justice of the
Peace, Henry S. Harding. Constables, James
G. Hannum, JohnJ. Arter. Councilmen, Robert
Burroughs, Daniel Applegate, John Hahn, Geo.
H. Bonnett, Thomas E. Sturges, Thomas G.
McCormick, Robert Price, William Foran, O.
C. Farquhar. Board of Education, Isaac Cox,
George J. Crotzer, George R. Humphrey, J. C,
Gillespie. Assessors, J. T. Fracker, George J.
Miller, Duncan McKinney, W. H. Cunningham,
J. J. Patterson, C. L. Kerner, R. Delany, W. L.
Lloyd, John H. Drake.

■ April 5, 1880. — Citj^ Commissioner, John Em-
ery. Justice of the Peace, Addison Palmer.
Trustee of Water Works, Conrad Stolzenbach.
Trustee of Cemeteries, Thomas Lindsay. City
Infirmary Director, Josephus Jordan. Consta-

bles, JohnJ. Arter, Charles E. Moore. Coun-
cilmen, G. A. Stanberry, Andrew P. Stultz, A.
H. Sterne, Fred. Dietrich, Henry T. Smith,
William C. Harris, Dudley R. Worstall, A. J.
Andrews, Thomas Potts. Assessors, George J.
Miller, Duncan McKinney, Thomas Elliott, J. J.
Patterson, John Elliott, Amos P. Josslyn, George
W. Reed. Board of Education, WilHam M.
Shinnick, William Lillienthal, Martin V. B.
Mitchell, John L. Turner.

April 4, 1 88 1.— Mayor, WiUiam N. McCoy.
Marshal, Zachariah T. Reed. City Solicitor,
William H. Cunningham, Jr. City Civil Engi-
neer, Frederick Howell. Trustee of Water
Works, William Price. Trustee of Cemeteries,
John W. Conrade. Justice of the Peace, George
W. Griffee. Constables, Charles E. Moore, John
Arter. City Infii-mary Director, James T. Wall-
work. Assessors, Paul Kemmerer, George E.
Jenkins, Walton Grigsby, Adolph Kreuter, Phil-
lip Dennick, John H. Best, Leander McBride,
Joseph Scholl, William H. Ratliff. Councilmen,
John A. Fortune, *Philip Sandel, *Jas.T. Irvine,
*Jno. M. Steiner, Gilbert Snyder, Henry C. Grei-
ner, W. S. Frazier, *William Foran, O. C. Far-
quhar ; those holding over are : Thomas Potts,
D. Worstall, *A. J. Andrews, *A. Stern, Wm.
C. Harris, F. Dietrich, *A. P. StuUz, *William
Smith, George Stanberry.

The Mayor and those Councilmen whose
names are marked with a star (*) are Democrats ;
the other nine Councilmen are Republicans, and
the possibility of a tie vote at the time of organi-
zation being imminent, each political moiety had
reference to the law governing such cases, and
entrenched themselves within the bulwarks of its
provisions. The section of the Revised Statutes
referred to, is number 1676, and provides that in
cities of the second class, where there is a tie vote
in the election of officers of the Council, the May-
or, acting as ex-officio President, shall give the
casting vote. The Mayor and Democratic mem-
bers of the Council construed this section to their
advantage, and maintained that it was to be ex-
pected that Democratic officers would be chosen
by them. On the other hand, the Republicans
determined that there should be no tie vote,
which was accomplished by voting for more than
one man at a time, for such office. The Demo-
crats thereupon concerted that the election should
be in such a manner as to leave no option be-
tween voting for or against one candidate at a
time, or not voting at all. This, it was held,
was following Republican precedents, and a
motion was made that Andrew P. Stultz be
elected President. This proposition was entei^-
tained by the Mayor, and, upon i-oll call, it was
found that nine Democrats voted in the affirma-
tive, and nine Republicans refused to vote. This,
in the opinion of the Mayor, was such a tie as
was contemplated by the section of the Revised
Statutes referred to, and he voted for Mr. Stultz,
and, thereupon, declared him elected. TheDem-
cratic nine then voted for John A. Fortune as
President fro tempore, and William A. Shin-
nick, Jr., for Clerk, the Mayor and Republican

246

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

nine not voting. The Mayor then declared Mr,"
Andrew P. Stultz elected President, -pro tempore,
and that all the officers necessary for the organ-
ization of the Council were elected, and the or-
ganization was complete, and he vacated the
chair, which was taken by Mr. Stultz. Mr. Shin-
nick gave his bond, and was sworn in as Clerk,
and then demanded of Clerk John A. Green the
books and papers of the office, which were re-
fused, on the ground that Mr. Shinnick, Jr., had
not been legally elected. Mr. Shinnick then in-
stituted proceedings in quo zvarranto, filing pa-
pers first in the Supreme Court, from which ac-
tion was subsequently withdrawn for want of ju-
risdiction in that court, and the papers were then
filed in the District Court, and Clerk John A.
Green continued to hold over until properly noti-
fied of the action of said court, which was as fol-
lows :

*'Order of the Supreme Court, made Saturday,
October 8, 1 881, to wit:

'•Ohio ex rcl. W.M. Shinntck-vs. yo/inA. Green.

J^o Warranto. Reserved from the District

Court of Muskingum County.

■'This case came on for hearing on the petition
of relator, the answer of defendant, as the agreed
statement of facts, the facts as found by said Dis-
trict Court, and the certificate of reservation, to-
gether with a transcript of the proceedings in said
District Court.

■ "The arguments of counsel having been heard,
and the court being fully advised in the prem-
ises, do find that, on the 25th day of April,
1881, the relator, Shinnick, was duly elected City
Clerk of said city ; that the defendant wrongful-
ly holds said office, and that he, said Shinnick,
is entitled to have and hold said office.

"And the court do order that the defendant,
John A. Green, be ousted, and altogether exclud-
ed from said office, and that said Green forthwith
deliver over to said Shinnick the use, possession,
and enjoyment of said office, and the books, fur-
niture and papers pertaining to the same, and al-
low the said Shinnick to have full control there-
of, without let or hindrance.

"And it is further considered and adjudged that
the said relator recover of said Green the costs
herein, by the relator expended, taxed at $^ — ."

[The 25th day of April, 1881, is a clericcil error,
and should read the 8th day of May, 1881. "J

CHAPTER XXII.

MUSIC.
THE EARLIEST "MESS" JOHNSON AND HIS VIOL—

THE FIRST REED AND STRING BAND THE ZANES-

VILLE HARMONIC BAND THE MECHANICS' BAND

— ATWOOD's BltASS BAND BAUER's BAND

heck's band heck's orchestra ORGANS

AND PIANOS VOCAL MUSIC H. D. MUNSON—

MUSIC IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS THE HARMONIC

SOCIETY— MUSIC STORE PROFESSORS WM. LIL-

lENTHAL, MACHOLD, MILLER, STRACHAUER

PROF. CHARLES MEISING PROF. GEORGE ROWE

PROFESSOR J. D. LUSE "CONCORDIA" ^THE

"MANNERCHOR" THE "FROHSINN'' "HAR-

MONIE" "THE MANNERCHOr" REORGANIZED—

GERMAN SINGING SOCIETY THE HARMONIC SO-
CIETY THE MENDELSSOHN GLEE CLUB.

A love of music seems common to mankind,
although the discordant sounds that satisfy the
barbaric ear would painfully agitate the tympan-
um accustomed to what we call melody, and,
while the ancient swain, blowing through a hol-
low bone, may have produced a tender feeling
in the heart of an enamored maiden, the same
"music" to-day would be regarded with dismaj-.
The making of musical instruments began almost
with the human race. We have relics of antiqui-
ty that show us how instruments were made to
produce musical sounds, at a period prior to the
existence of any language, of which we have any
record. The forms of many of the most ancient
instruments are preserved to us in the sculptures
and paintings of antiquity, and the tombs and
temples of Egypt tell unerringly of the musical
practices, as well as other details of the domestic
life, of the builders of the pyramids. One of the
tombs in the pyramid of Jeezeh bears a represen-
tation of a flute concert, and, according to Lep-
sius, it dates as early as 2000 B. C. The eight
musicians are arranged in a peculiar manner.
Three of them, one behind another, are kneeling
and holding their flutes in exactly the same po-
sition, and facing them are three others, also
kneeling, and holding their pipes like the others,
A seventh sits with his back turned toward them,
but, like the rest, he is also blowing his flute,
while the eighth, who may be the leader of this
primitive orchestra, holds his instniment in his
hands, as if in the act of raising it to his lips, and
he is standing. An ancient Egyptian painting, of
about the same period as this quaint illustration
of an antique band of flute players, represents a
lyre, performed upon by a man, who walks in
procession with others, and with some animals
unknown to the fauna of to-day. This interest-
ing picture was discovered in a tomb, on the east-
ern bank of the Nile. [See Sir Gardner Wilkinr
son in "Manners and Customs of the Ancient
Egyptians."] He says : "That this event took
place about the period when the inmate of the
tomb lived, is highly probable — i.e., considering
Osirtasen I. to be Pharaoh, the patron of Jo-
seph."

So it was in the beginning, and travelers in-
form us, that music and musical instruments are
still decidedly primitive in the supposed cradle
of humanity. And, notwithstanding the high
degrees of perfection attained in this age, it is
highly probable that the music of a hundred
years ago, in the New World, was as primitive
— in fact, little more than an accompaniment to
other means of enjoyment. This is, indeed,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

247

clearly shown in the account of "Hiawatha's
Wedding Feast," by the poet Longfellow :

"You shall hear how Paw-Puk-Keewes,
How the handsome Yenadizze
Danced at Hiawatha's wedding ;
How the gentle Chihiabos,
He the sweetest of musicians,
Sang the songs of love and longing ;
How lagoo, the great boaster,
He the marvellous — story teller,
Told the tales of strange adventure.
That the feast might be more joyous.
That the fimes might pass more gaily.
And the guests be more contented."

Bordering on such traditions — in 1799, the
sounds of "Mess" Johnson's "sweet viol" were
heard, ere the red man of the famed "blue
Muskingum" had resolved to "go west."
"Mess" Johnson, or "Black Mess," was John
Mclntire's servant, and in addition to his duties
of maitre de ctiisine and valet, he lent himself to
the goddess Shelxinoe (mind soother), and, at
her bidding brought forth his violin, the first in
Zanestown, to "drive dull care away." Wheth-
er he imitated the old masters, or played his own
"longings," we are not infonned, but, it is cer-
tain, he was sui-e of an audience, and the fullest
appreciation. It has been said that "Caesar was
ambitious," and it may have been so with
"Mess." At any rate, we are informed, soon
after, of the arrival of Thomas Dowden, with
his violin, and that these two worthies played
together, and furnished the music for the Terpsi-
choreans ; for, time out of mind, this fair daugh-
ter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne had lent poetry to
motion ; she was the inventress of dancing, and
with such grace did she glide through the fig-
ures, that it became a delightful pastime.

The next accession to the musicians was Perry
Wells, who came in 1820, and attracted no little
attention. His was a magic bow !

The first reed and string band, was organized
during this year, with the following membership :
Charles Hill, leader ; John Lattimore, clarionet ;
William Lattimore, Robert Hazlett and James
V. Cushing, violinists ; William Hadley, violin-
cellist ; David Spangler, bassoonist ; Isaac Span-
gler, triangler ; Benjamin Reed, drummer. Wil-
liam Hadley was a cultivated musical artist, and
did much for church music in Zanesville, during
his stay.

The Zanesville Harmonic Band was or-
ganized in 1829, and continued to discourse melo-
dious music until 1835. ^^ furnished the music at
the laying of the corner-stone of the Atheneum.
The membership was as follows : Jackson
Hough, leader; A. C. Ross, clarionetist ; Ham-
ilton Hough, violinist; John Parker, flutist; D.
J. Culbertson, piccoloist ; Henry W. Kent, bu-
gler ; James Fortune, drummer.

The Mechanics' Band. — This band was or-
ganized in 1836, and continued to play together
/ ten years, when it disbanded. The member-
ship was as follows : Thomas Launder, leader ;

■C. Purcell. Captain ; Monroe Ayers, Bi-ush Eg-
german, John Alter, J. B. H. Bratshaw, Daniel
Hatton, JohnPrintz, Jesse Fox, Cass Alter, Alva
Rivers, Daniel Baldwin, L. Page, Jackson
Printz, and Fred Drone. This band made no
charge for its services, and the only gift it ever
received was twenty-five dollars for furnishing
the music at the commencement exercises of
Muskingum College, New Concord, in 1841.

Atwood's Brass Band. — This band was the
first one organized in Zanesville, in 1847. The
following constituted the membership : A. D.
Atwood, leader ; David Kahn, John Bauer, Cas-
per Bauer, Philip Kassell, Charles Roper, Thom-
as Launder, David Hahn, Timothy Webb, Emer-
son Howe, and Charles Dult3^ This band was
reorganized in 1855, under the name of "Bauer's
Band," and has continued to grow in favor,
having a deservedly high reputation. The mem-
bership, in 1880, was as follows : John Bauer,
leader; Theobald Bauer, Joseph Beardsley,
Charles Schlafman, Fred Ditmar, Matthias Dit-
mar, Casper Ditmar, Albert Schmidt, David
Hahn, Isaac Campbell, Jr., and John Goetz.

Heck's Band. — This band was organized in
the autumn of 1856, with the following member-
ship : A. D. Atwood, Joseph Beardsley, Henry
Heck, Jacob Schwartz, Peter Heck, John Heck,
Louis Heck, Barne}'^ Heck, Henry Mechling,
and William Goetz.

Heck's Orchestra.^ — This orchestra was or-
ganized by Louis Heck in the fall of 1875, add-
ing a full string and reed band ; total member-
ship, seventeen. This band was reorganized in
1879 ; membership, thirteen.

Organs and Pianos. — Mr. Leonard P. Bailey
came from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Zanes-
ville, in 1820. A calbinet maker by trade, and
seeing the need of organs and pianos, he turned his
attention to their manufacture. He made his
first oi-gan in John Anthony's cabinet shop, on
the northwest corner of Main and Fourth streets,
in the summer of 1822. It was a parlor pipe or-
gan, with two stops — the diapason and princi-
pal— and was sold to James Taj^or for $300,
and given as part pajment for the lot on which
Mr. Bailey's house stands. As nothing of the
kind had been made here, there was much curi-
osity about it ; indeed it was conjectured to be
of various strange pieces of machiner}-, until one
day, when the 'diapason' stop was adjusted,
Mr. Charles Hill, (the jeweler,) sat down and
played "Old Hundred ;" then the secret was out.

In 1824, Mr. Bailey removed to a shop that
stood in the rear of Werner's present boot and
shoe store. Here he made his second organ,
without a case. It was purchased by Mr. Chas.
Hill, for $200. He afterwards made a case for it,
and it was sold to the St. James' Episcopal Church
for $300.00. Mr. Bailev remained at this loca-
tion until the spring of 1831, when he removed
to Main street, opposite the Second Street M.
E. Church. Here he made his first piano, about
1833, which he sold to JohnT. Fracker, for $250.

248

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

He remained at this place until about 1852-,
when he removed to the "Stacy Hall" building,
in Potter's alley, just south of the Watch House,
having purchased that property. Here he made
furniture and pianos, employing eight men. He
retired from the business in 1861.

The total number of pianos made by Mr. B.
was 162, mostly sold in Ohio. He has a seven
octave piano, made in 1854, °^ which he plays
favorite airs with a power and pathos very rare,
notwithstanding his age.

Mr. Bailey informs us that at an exhibition at
'Castle Garden, N. Y.' he showed Robert Nun,
the great piano maker, a diagram for an im-
provement in pianos, known as "over strung,"
and that while he intended to patent this im-
provement, it was appropriated and patented by
Mr. Nun, whereas Mr. B. deserves the credit
for the invention. <

VOCAL MUSIC.

" God sent his singers upon earth,
With songs of sadness and of mirth.
He gave a various gift to each,
To charm, to strengthen and to teach. "

It is probable that John Metcalf, of hallowed
memory, made the first notable efforts in Zanes-
ville to awaken a taste for music, by introducing
musical books suited to the capacity of the child-
ren. Whereas, they had onlv had such tunes as
"Mear," "Dundee," "Martyn," and "Orville."
He introduced the pleasing melodies of "Brad-
bury's Young Choir," "The Oriole," etc, and
made commendable progress in teaching music
in the "Putnam Union Sunday School."

Professor H. D. Mu'nson is believed lo have
been the first to make a business of teaching, and
organizing juvenile classes. He is a native of
Connecticut ; was a pupil of Lowell Mason, in
the then celebrated Boston Academy of Music.
After teaching vocal and instrumental music in
the cities of Hartford, Connecticut ; Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania ; Springfield, Ohio ; Galena, Ohio,
and Alton, Illinois, during a period of ten years.
He came to Zanesville in 1846, and engaged as
teacher of music in the Putnam Ladies' Seminary,
with which he was connected four years, and
engaged also in teaching juvenile and adult
classes. He inaugurated juvenile concerts, and
thus convinced the skeptical that children could
sing, and then public sentiment demanded that
the)^ should be taught systematically, The first
of these entertainments was given in the hall of
the "Putnam Female Seminary, in 1848, on
which occasion, "The Child's Wish," a ballad
composed by Pfof. Munson, was first rendered,
by an eight year old miss, and became at once
popular. He next gave a children's concert in
Stacy's Hall, (afterwards used by L. P. Bailey,
and now by the GareyBro's., as a cabinet shop,)
the same year. This was followed by similar
performances in the old city hall, (now the
Signal office,) Nevitt's Hall, Odd Fellows'
Hall, and finally Black's Hall. The erection of
these halls successivelj^ by increasing the facili-

ties, added to the zest in musical culture, and
afford, at this distant period, a measurably correct
idea of the progress of music, during the inter-
vening years.

The beginning of a new era was ushered in by
the introduction of the melodeon into class train-
ing, and into several choirs. Several pipe or-
gans were purchased between the years of 1848
and 1852. These were at once recognized as
valuable aids to teachers and leaders, in harmon-
izing voices, and gave a new impulse to the cul-
tivation of church and Sunday School music.

Music was taught in the Public Schools, prior
to 1846, by Captain Hatch, and, January 3d,
1849, ^y L- P- Marsh, (afterwards Judge.) Mr.
Marsh resigned in October, 1850, and Mr.
Hatch became teacher again, and then Prof.
Munson. At this time, there were very few well
organized choirs in the city, and on all special
occasions it was customary to borrow from one
choir to strengthen another. While in some of
the churches the most determined opposition to
any choir organization was manifested, and the
use of a musical instrument in public service
would have driven many a good old saint from
the house of God ! In one instance, even the
presence of a black board, on which some notes
had been written, was so offensive that the good
old pastor would not proceed with the service
until the stumbling block had been removed.
In another church, the pastor had secured the
services of Professor Munson in training a choir,
which the pastor, (a cultivated singer,) intended
to lead, and proposed that on a given Sabbath,
the singers should sit in certain seats, and
designated them for the choir. To the surprise
of the pastor and the choir, on assembling, they
found those seats were occupied by the opponents
of this "new fangled singin'," determined to
"hold the fort," in spite of all the pastors and
young folks in creation I And before the choir
could get the "pitch,"" off started old Brother B.,
in the 'amen corner,' with his own tune, and the
choir could only follow at a respectful distance.
The full force of this difficulty will be realized,
when it is remembered that at this time it was
customary for men to take the leading part in
singing. Ladies had not been convinced that
they could carry the "air," or soprano part, and
this also explains the difficult}^ experienced in
organizing choirs. The result being that the
first part was over-burdened by a class of singers
who made more noise than music, and great ef-
fort was required to convince the gentlemen that
their assistance was not needed, and the ladies
that it could be dispensed with. Another diffi-
culty was experienced in many choirs, as may
be inferred by what has been said, namely, the
want of a certain guide in musical sounds, such
as the organ affords. The chromatic changes
were therefore but little thought of, or appre-
hended. An amusing illustration of this occurred
at the Mclntii-e Academy. Prof. W. , a prominent
school teacher and leader, was endeavoring to
train a class in one of Thomas Hasting's
Anthems, in which that distinguished composer

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

249

had introduced a stanza in B flat, but which the
Professor was unable to render, whereupon he
inquired of Professor Munson, who was present,
by invitation, if it would not do just as well to
dispense with the B flat, by changing from G
minor to G major, throughout an entire stanza.
Of course Professor Munson thought not, but re-
plied that he supposed he could do as he pleased.

In 1850, H. D. Munson, in connection with
Prof. O. L. Castle, (Superintendent of Public
Schools) started the first music store, at number
98, Main street. This venture, however, owing
to the general want of musical culture in the
city and surrounding country, proved a loss, fi-
nancially.

In the fall of 1857, Prof. V. C. Tavlor, of New
York, held a musical convention in Odd Fellows'
Hall, which was very largely attended by the
singers, young and old. They closed with a
grand concert, having a chorus of more than a
hundred voices. This event, besides increasing
the interest in vocal music, brought into prom-
inence many fine voices, before unknown, and^
marked an important epoch in the history of vo-
cal music ; this was followed by important acces-
sions to several choirs of the city, and soon af-
ter, largely through the efforts of Charles Ross
and James E. Cox, by the formation of the Har-
monic Society, (about 1858) which was well sus-
tained for several years, and did much to keep
active the interest awakened, especially in chorus
singing.

Professor Munson also taught classes in the
neighboring cities and villages, Cambridge,
Newark, McConnelsville, and Athens, until
peace was disturbed by the war of the rebellion,
when he went to the war, an account of which
will be found in the history of Muskingum in
the War, in this work.

Music Store — After "the cruel war was
over," Col. Munson obtained the consent of the
book and jewelrj' storekeepers, of Zanesville,
who were dealing in music and musical instru-
ments, to concentrate musical merchandise in
one substantial effort, by relinquishing their hold
on that trade, and ceasing to deal in music and
musical instruments, which was easily done, for,
divided as the trade was, no one felt a special
temptation to keep a stock that had comparative-
ly little .demand. Mr. A. C. Ross, jeweler, had
kept a small assortment of music and musical
instruments, and sold several pianos, but also re-
linquished his trade in these articles, and Prof.
Munson re-embarked in a music store, notwith-
standing his former unprofitable experience in
this line in 1850. In 1865, he opened up with a
small stock of pianos and cabinet organs, in the
back part of room 91 , Main street, then occupied
by the late A. Fletcher, as a book store, and now
by Hollingsworth & Dennis.

In 1867, Prof. Munson felt the need of more
room, and removed to a small room in Maginnis'
Block, Fifth street, with an increased stock of
pianos, organs, sheet music, etc. January i,
1869, ^^ removed to 108, Main street, with a still
larger stock, and now felt the tidal wave of ap-

preciation of these eflfoi'ts, in his greatly increas-
ed business.

In 1872, H. D. Munson, Jr., and Charles E.
Munson, his sons, who had aided him for some-
time, were admitted to partnership, with the firm
name of H. D. Munson & Sons, and are still
conducting the business, on a magnificent scale,
in Opera Building.

Prof. William Lilienthal, from Baden, Ger-
many, came to Zanesville, in 185 1, and in 1852
began his first professional services ; the class of
instruction was greatly abridged, compared with
the musical instruction in the old country ; his
patrons seemed disposed to gallop into the per-
formance of pieces, consisting of ballads and na-
tional airs of simple harmony. The value placed
on musical tuition was not very high, lessons
being given at twenty-five cents each, and no reg-
ular course taken. In illustration of the musical
appreciation of the time. Prof. Lilienthal relates
the following incident : A gentleman informed
him that he had heard of his reputation, and
wished him to give his daughter some instruc-
tion in singing, remarking that she was a good
performer on the piano. He accompanied the
gentleman home, and the daughter was invited
to play a good piece, "Old Lang Syne," which
she did, without regard to time, and in a manner
that rendered it difficult of recognition, while the
father was in ecstacy over it, saying it was splen-
cid!

Mr. Lilienthal's first organ service was for the
Universalist congregation, worshiping in City
Hall, for which he received the munificent sum
of fifty dollars per annum, playing morning and
evening, on Sundays ; he continued to fill that
position several vears.

Prof. Lilienthal is of the opinion that the first
great awakening in the musical world, in Zanes-
ville, was -produced by the renowned pianist,
Thalberg, who came there under the manage-
ment of Strakosch, assisted by some distinguish-
ed vocalists.

We are indebted to Prof. Lilienthal for the
names of some others who came here to teach
music, which are as follows:

Machhold came in 1856, and remained several
years, and had considerable ability as a teacher.
Francis Miller, teacher of violin and piano, did
not remain long enough to get a living. Strach-
auer, a fine musician, had but little success as a
teacher, although pupils, desiring instruction,
were numerous a!fter the war.

Prof. Lilienthal was in the hundred days ser-
vice in the rebellion, and., returning, soon found
his former pupils, and other's, and has continued
to have as much as he can do. Man}- of his pu-
pils have become successful teachers. The se-
lection of instruction books, in Professor Lilien-
thal's experience during the last fifteen years,
has been advancing retrogressivelj' towards
classic music ; this is also evidenced by his ad-
vanced pupils playing in concerts, compositions
of the great Masters, in a verj- satisfactory man-
ner. At his last concert, given in June, 1879,
music from Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Thalberg,

250

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and Bach, the rendition of which always re-
quires a high order of talent and skill, was per-
formed very satisfactorily, both to the audience
and the Professor.

Prof. Charles Meising, a native of Wisel, on
the Rhine, received his musical education at
Kempen, under the special training of his father,
a distinguished pianist, and Oscar Rieman,
"first violinist to the King of Hanover." He
came to the United States of America, and first
taught in the city of Pittsburgh, Pa., and came
to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1875 ; his patronage has
been among the best families. Mr. Meising con-
fines himself almost exclusively to teaching the
piano, although teaching the violin.

Prof.. George Rowe, an accomplished musi-
cian, came to Zanesville in 1879, remained about
a year and a half, and removed to Mansfield, O.

Professor J. D. Luse, a native of Cuyahoga
county, Ohio, received his musical education
chiefly in Cleveland, Ohio ; taught in Norwalk
and Tiffin, Ohio, in 1875 to 1878, when he came
to Zanesville, to engage in teaching vocal music
in the public schools, which he has continued to
do to this time. He was the first to inaugurate a
thorough course in the schools, and, whereas,
there were but few who could read music of the
simplest class, when he began teaching, now
there are hundreds who read readily, and sing
with good expression. The instruction is given
in sixty-two schools, ranging through every

§rade, Irom the Primary A's, through the High
chool, and nine-tenths of the pupils read music
readily. Professor Luse is a well known leader
in the music clubs, and is a choir leader. He
teaches the piano, and has had a valuable expe-
rience in leading choruses.

Mr. W. G. Starke, the artist, has kindly furn-
ished the following fragmentary outline :

Concordia, the first Gei'man singing society,
was organized in the spring of 1854, '^"d contin-
ued for several years.

The Mannerchor was organized in 1859, and
practiced until the war of the rebellion broke out.

The Frohsinn. — This society was organized
in September, 1865, and, after a struggle for two
years, disbanded for want of some essential
voices. In 1868. this society reorganized, and
continued to practice until May, 187 1.

Harmonie. — This society was organized in
November, 1872, with members from most of the
old societies, but disbanded in December, 1874.

The Mannerchor. — This society reorganized
during the winter of 1879-80. This effort brought
together some of the "old reliables," but ulti-
mately failed, on account of their inability to
maintain a competent leader, notwithstanding the
aid derived from concerts during winter seasons.

The active members of these societies were all
of German birth.

German Singing Society. — This organiza-
tion was eflfected, December 5th, 1879, at Adolph
Horn's band room, when Colonel Fred. Geiger
was called to the chair. Judge H. L. Korte was
chosen Secretary, and W. G. Starke, Adolph
Schneider, and Hon. Herman F. Achauer were

appointed a committee to draft a constitution and
by-laws. This organization flourished until the
demands of business and social cares rendered it
inexpedient to continue their exercises.

The Choral Association. — This association
was organized, January ist, 1879, the niember-
ship reaching nearly two hundred ; the average
attendance was one hundred. The music selected
had a wide range, and some selections were from
the master musicians. Professor J. D. Luse led it
gratuitously. The organization, however, could
not meet at private houses, for want of room.
Hall rent and music cost money, and, as in all
such organizations, an incentive must lead, and
a support sustain, so in this, and for want of pat-
ronage, notwithstanding their m.eritorious per-
formances, the association suspended. Among
the leading singers were Mrs. Stanbery, Mrs.
Di-one, Mrs. Bagle)', and Miss Roper ; Messrs.
Cox, Ingalls, Waller, Edgar, and Albert Allen-
talent enough to sustain any organization, under
favorable auspices. This will be more apparent
when the Mendelssohn Glee Club is spoken of.
This is a male quartette, and, of course, lacking
in the inspiration derived from the association,
to sa}' nothing of the loss of angelic power, of
the cultivated femal^voices. This is no mere sen-
timent, as every one acquainted with music will
readily admit. Yet the charms of music held
this quartette together, under many disparaging
circumstances, during the three 3'ears that have
elapsed since their organization. The club is
composed of Professor J. D. Luse, leader and first
tenor ; Hiram Waller, second tenor : J. J. Ingalls,
first bass, and James A. Cox, second bass. These
gentlemen were also members of the Choral As-
sociation. As a male quartette, they combine
the rare qualification of reading difficult music
readily, with the crowning triumph of the singer
— sympath}-. It was the good fortune of the his-
toi-ian to hear this club render some selections
found in Amphion, such as '"The Ga} Pilgrim,"
"Soldier's Departure," "Naught on Earth," and
"The Artillerist's Oath;'" 'Tmage of the Rose,"
"O, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast," from the
Arion ; pieces well calculated to test the singer's
power, and, in the opinion of the writer, they tri-
umphed gloriously.

CHAPTER XXIIl.

FINE ART.

ZANESVILLE TALENT MISS MARY STUART UUN-

LAP "THE CLASS OF 1880," AND THEIR WORK

ADAMS LYONS BREWER^-HOWLAND BAR-
TON CRAIG YOSEMITE VALLEY ASSUMPTION

OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MADONNAS MURIL-

LO BEAR RIVER SUNRISE ON THE ALLEGHA-

NIES CUSTAr's LAST CHARGE CHARIOT RACE

— WETTER HORN STAUBACH WATER COLORS

"THE fishermen" "BREEZY DAy" SWISS

SCENE FLOWERS CRAYONS POTTERY

PLAQUE.

The student of art is, of course, familiar with
the works of the masters of the old, as well as the

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

251

new, world, and also with their surroundings,
which often had much to do with shaping their
course, and, doubtless, kept many a genius in
obscurity, and a mei-e mention of those celebri-
ties would be trite and unwelcome. This sketch,
however, is intended for the general reader, and
so we indulge in a recapitulation concerning
some who won their laurels in America. The
first practicing artist of celebrity, in the United
States, was John Watson, born in Scotland, in
1685 ; he commenced painting portraits in New
Jersey, in 17 15. Nathaniel Smybert, of Edin-
burgh, began in Boston, in 1728. Benjamin
West was the first native American artist ; born
in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1768 ; paint-
ed his first portrait in Lancaster, Pennsylvania,
in 1753. John Singleton Copley was born in
Boston, in 1738 ; first painted in 1760 ; he was the
father of Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Chancellor of
Great Britain. Charles W. Peale, was born in
Maryland, in 1741 ; Gilbert Charles Stuart, Rhode
Island, 1754 ; John Trumbull , Connecticut, 1756 ;
William Dunlap, New Jersey, 1766; E. G. Mal-
bone, Rhode Island, 1777 ; and were among the
artists to win distinction in the United States.
Dunlap was the author of an able work on "Arts
of Design."

The reader need not be told that the number
of artists has greatly increased since their day,
for during this centur};-, the world has taken it
for granted, that a home is not to be thought of
with bare walls. In art life, as in every other
sphere of man, it has come to pass, that fidelity
has brought excellence, and excellence has in-
creased the demand, which has also so reduced
the expense that every home may have these
luxuries, and in many instances, the work of
their own hands. The refinement consequent
on developing the talent for art is too evident to
admit of argument, and we proceed to speak of
its manifestations in Zanesville.

May 3, 1880, the work done by Miss Dunlap
and her class in drawing and painting was an-
nounced for exposition. And while it is true
that "home talent" is praised, as a matter of
course, it is correct to say that the work exhibited
was highly meritorious, and attracted special
attention from home and foreign cities.

Miss Mary Stuart Dunlap is a graduate of
Putman Seminary ; studied painting under James
Beard, of College Hill, and Mrs. Beers, at
Cooper Institute. To her was reserved the op-
portunity to develop the talent of many ladies
of Zanesville. Their success is certainly com-
plimentarjr to her. The themes have been hap-
pily chosen, and well rendered. The landscape
predominated, and gave evidence of the inspira-
tion expressed by the poet, when he said :

" There is a pleasure in the pathless woods,
There is a rapture on the lonely shore,
There is society where none intrudes,
By the deep sea, and music in its roar ;
I love not man the less, but nature more,
Pronj these our interviews."

It has been customary for her class to study

arts and artists, 'and it is probable that the sub-
jects were pretty well mastered, for among the
members of her class were : — Misses Cora Hub-
bell, Lida Black, Hatton, S. E. Rollo,

Mary Munson, Effie Munson, Lucretia Stultz,
Laura Wiles, Mary Lynn, Mamie Atwell, Daisj'
Shryock, and Mrs. Canfield, Minnie Munson,
(Dr.) Barton, Franklin Cooper and Mrs. Hirsh.

Among the specimens of work exhibited, was
a landscape by Miss Laura Wiles ; a panel with
landscape. Miss Mar3r Munson ; a fan, with blos-
soms and birds, Mrs. Dr. Barton ; flowers on
panel. Miss Hatton ; a deer head in crayon, Mrs.
Canfield ; butters, decorated in birds and flowers,
and an initial letter. Miss Rollo ; palette, with
odd design, Miss Atwell; palette, blackberries
and flowers, Mrs. Hirsh ; unique design on china
plates, Japanese, Miss Munson ; and manj-
other fine specimens ; the reception was a great
success, and a just source of pride to lovers of
art in Zanesville.

Among the artists in Zanesville, we find
Adams, Lyons, Brewer, Howland, Barton and
Craig. Mr. Barton was born in Zanesville, and
in early life began to exhibit his talent with pen-
cil, India ink, etc., and yet was never regularly
instructed ; he painted his first picture in 1842,
and has since devoted his time and talent to oil
painting. In the spring of 1844, he studied in
the National Academy of Design, in New York,
and after sixteen months, returned to his native
city. In 1875, he visited Europe for the purpose
of seeing the works of the great masters.

At the Exposition in December, 1880, in the
Art Department, was exhibited " Yosemite
Valley," by J. P. Barton ; a view taken from the
summit of Mariposa Trail, showing the whole of
that wonderful Valley. On the left of the picture
is seen El Capitan, three thousand five hundred
feet high ; on the right. Bridal Veil Falls ; in the
middle distance. Half Dome ; in the middle
foreground, at the base of Bridal Veil Falls,
Mirror Lake, than which nothing grander has
yet been seen ; in the foreground, the peculiar
and gigantic flora of California. By the same
artiste "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin."
The great painters have delighted in this theme.
A high authority tells of more than five hundred
different styles of Madonnas ; this is a splendid
copy after Murillo, purchased in Brussels by the
late Mr. Aspinwall, for ten thousand dollars.
There were also a number of portraits of well-
known citizens, highly prized for their life-like
character. Mr. Charles Craig had a "View on
Bear River," "Sunrise on the Alleghanies,"
"Custar's last Charge," and "The Chariot
Race ;" the latter copied from the great paint-
ing by Alexander Wagner, representing the close
of an exciting race, in the presence of the Empe-
ror Domitian, in the circus, Maximus, at Rome,
with all the wealth and beauty of their day. Mr.
Craig needs no eulogy.

"Wetterhorn" (Peak of Tempests), by Frank
Stark. This is a loftv peak of the Bernese Ober-
land, Switzerland, on the east side of the Grin-
denwald. From the path bv which it is ascend-

252-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ed, rises one vast precipice of Alpine limestone,
seeming to threaten the traveler ; the height is
about thirteen thousand feet. Also, "Staubach"
(Dust-Stream). This celebrated waterfall is a
mile from the village of Lauterbrunnan, in the
Canton of Berne, Switzerland. It has a descent
of nearly nine hundred feet, and, long before it
reaches the bottom, it is blown into dust of silver
spray; hence the name, from staiib (dust), and
bach (stream).

Water Colors. — Only a few of this class of
pictures were shown at this Exposition, yet
enough to afford a clear idea of their peculiari-
ties. The most casual observer would notice
that there is a sharpness of tone and purity of
color which do not belong to oil paintings.
This does not enhance the one or detract from
the other, but is simply a characteristic. Charm-
ing landscape effects are produced in water col-
ors, as was seen in the pictures executed by
General Granger.

Some of the most impressive street scenes,
church interiors, and character presentations,
have been executed in water colors ; and their
adaptation to marine views may be easily com-
prehended by examining "The Fishermen" and
"Breezy Day" (Swiss scene), scene from Rosa
Bonheur, by A. C. Ross.

Morning Glories, by Miss Mary H. Bucking-
ham.

Flowers, by Miss Julia W. Blandy.

Flowers, by Miss Lucretia Stultz.

Crayons. — Portrait of the late A. G. Brush
and a child, by A. C. Fauley. Portrait of the

late WilHam C. Cassell, by T. C. Orndorff.
Horses, by Miss Kate Potwin. "Psyche," also
"Poor Relations," by Miss E. B. Blandy. "Stag
at Bay," by Mrs. H. T. Canfield.

Pottery — A vase. Pilgrim jar (under-glaze),
and specimen of plaque (over-glaze), by Miss
M. H. Buckingham.

Plaque. — "Duchess of Gainsborough" and
"Lady of the Eighteenth Century," the former
"smear-glaze," the latter "over-glaze," but not
fixed, by Miss M. S. Dunlap. Pairs of plates,
cups, and saucers, by Miss M. H. Buckingham.
Pair of Pilgrim vases, and plaque, by Mrs. C.
E. Munson. Pair of plates, by Miss Jennie T.
Ball. Pair of plates, by Miss L. H. Black.
Pair of cups and saucers, by Miss L. Stultz.
Pair of cups and saucers, by Miss C. M. Hub-
bell. Pair of plates, by Miss Mary Linn. Fruit
dish (subject of painting, "The Unexpected
Guest"), Miss Ella G. Ross. Pair of cups and
saucers by Mrs. Dr. Scott.

In June, 1881 , the art work of Miss Dunlap and
her class was even more surprising in variety
and excellence. These exhibitions demonstrate
a high order of talent in the several artists, and
afford ample testimony that home talent is not
only abundant, but can find good opportunity and
efficient leadership in Zanesville.

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE OPERA HOUSE.

Of the Opera, it will be remembered, that
Octavio Rinuecini, of Florence, was the in-
ventor of the production of musical representa-
tions of Comedy and Tragedy, and other dra-
matic pieces ; and that Emelio de Cavelero, dis-
puted this honor with him, A.D., 1590. Among
the Venetians, opera was the chief glory of their
carnival. About the year 1669, the Abbot Per-
rin obtained a grant from Louis XIV. , to set up
an opera at Paris, where, in 1672, was acted
Pomona. This play was probably in keeping
with Ovid's story of Pomona and Vertumnus.
"This Hamadryad lived in the time of Procas,
King of Alba., She was devoted to the culture
of gardens, to which she confined herself, shun-
ning all society with the male deities. Vertum-
nus, among others, was enamored of her, and
under various shapes, tried to win her hand ;
sometimes he came as a reaper, sometimes as a
hay-maker, sometimes as a ploughman, or vine
dresser ; he was a soldier, and a fisherman, but
to equally little purpose. At length, under the
guise of an old woman, he won the confidence of
the goddess, and, by enlarging on the evils of a
single life, and the blessings of the wedded
state, by launching out into the praises of Ver-
tumnus, and relating a tale of the punishment
of female cruelty to a lover, he sought to move
the heart of Pomona ; then, resuming his real
form, he obtained the hand of the no longer re-
luctant nymph. [Ovid, Met. 14, 623, Seq.
Knightley's Mythology, p. 539]." Sir William
Davenant introduced a species of opera in Lon-
don, in 1684. The first regularly performed
opera was at York building, in 1692. The first
in Drurjf Lane, was in 1705. The operas of
Handel, were performed in 1735, and they be-
came general in several of the theatres in a few
years after. The first opera in Zanesville, that
ti'uly deserved the name, was given in this
"Temple of Art," at the opening, Januaiy 20,
1880, by the Emma Abbott English Opera Com-
pan3^ and was a grand affair ; patronized b}- the
elite of this and neighboring cities. The eclat
of this performance was heralded \)j the press
generally, in the State and out of it. Messrs.
bhultz & Hoge, the proprietors, have conferred a
princely benefice on the community, in furnishing
the Opera House, and the two elegant Halls,
thereb)' rendering the city a great attraction for
operatic and other musical and public perform-
ances, and exhibitions ; adding, also, the block
of elegant store rooms, with spacious rooms
over them for offices. The building has a front-
age of one hundred and twenty-five feet on Fifth
street, extending from the southwest corner of
Fountain alley southward, and a depth of seventy-
five feet. The third story contains the "Conser-
vatory of Music" Hall, which is forty by sixty
feet, and "Gold Hall," which is sixty bj^ eight)'
feet. These halls supply a want. long felt. They
are very handsomely decorated, and adapted
for everj- public purpose, having dressing rooms,

THE COUNTY INFIRMARY.

THE MelNTIRE CHILDREN'S HOME.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

253

cloak rooms, committee rooms, and kitchens con-
venient. The architecture of the Opera build
ing is derived from the antique — a style that orig-
inated in Italy about the commencement of the fif-
teenth century, and is termed Renaissance.

The Opera House auditorium is on what is
known in architectural parlance as the ground
floor. The grand entrance, which is on Fifth
street, is spacious, and richly decorated. The
floor is tiled in the best manner known to the art,
and is a marvel of beauty and durability. The
stairways are ample and easy, and suggest
visions of Baronial splendor in *'ye olden time."
The corridors are spacious, and convenient dress-
ing rooms for ladies and gentlemen, are fitted
up with elegant furnishings, including every-
thing needed for the most elaborate toilet. The
seating capacity of the house is over eleven hun-
dred, estimating the permanent seats, which are
models, of beauty and ease, and so arranged that
every one commands a full view of the stage.
The acoustic qualities of this beautiful temple
are, perhaps, perfect ; they have been greatly ex-
tolled by the best critics. The designs and dec-
orations are harmonious, and in keeping with
the advanced improvements in decorative art.
The stage, which is seventy by thirty-five feet,
is provided with every appliance to be desired
by the historian. The scenery is so beautiful
and varied as to defy description.

The drop curtain is a classical composition —
if Mythology may be so considered — represent-
ing Apollo, standing in a golden chariot, lead-
ing forth the horses of the Sun. On one side,
gazing on this enchanting scene, are the radiant
forms of the muses of Tragedy and Comedy ; on
the other is Pan, the god of the shepherds, and
subsequently, the guardian of bees, and the
giver "of success in fishing and fowling. He
haunted mountains and pastures ; was fond of the
pastoral reed, and of entrapping nymphs ; in
form, he combined that of man and beast, hav-
ing a red face, horned head, his nose flat, and
his legs, thighs, tail, and feet, those of a goat.
According to one of the Homeridae, he was the
son of Mercury, by an Arcadian nymph. With
him, are other nymphs, rejoicing at the appear-
ance of Apollo and his prancing steeds \ and
other nymphs traverse the ethereal space above,
heralding his coming. A more significant and
beautiful curtain could not have been designed,
and the richness of the tapestried svirroundings
betoken exquisite taste and magnificence.
Reader, this is the grand spectacle that
looms lip before you on entering, and here we
leave it.

CHAPTER XXV.

ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY INFIRMARY — JOHN m'iN-

TIRE's will LEGAL ACTION COIJ^ERNING THE

WILL OF JOHN m'iNTIRE THE MUSKINGUM

COUNTY children's HOME m'iNTIRE CHIL-
DREN'S HOME.

Muskingum County Infirmary. — The first

legal step taken to provide for the poor by the
county, was an "Act to authorize the establish-
ment of poor houses," passed February 26th,
1816 — [Chase's Statutes, vol. i , p. 998.] Like all
early efforts, this was subjected to alteration from
time to time. March 23d, 1850, the name "Poor
House" was changed to the "Infirmary," as less
obnoxious in sound: The struggles incident to
opening up a new country were not confined to
individual welfare, but partook of a communistic
nature ; were for mutual benefit, and it was there-
fore a practical and reasonable act to provide for
whoever should be found in need, by a mutual
effort, such as this. This was also esteemed a
Christian duty. "The poor shall never cease
out of the land ; therefore I command thee, say-
ing, thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy
brother, to thy poor and to thy needy in thy
land." — Deut. xv. 2.

The present Infirmary farm contains two hun-
dred acres. The following extracts from the
Commissioners' Journal, exhibit the acquisition of
this property.

June 30th, 1838. — This day the Commissioners
purchased, of Andrew R. Jackson, one hundred
(100) acres of land in Falls township, Mus-
kingum county, and being the east end of lot
No. 2, Jackson's division, in Quarter township
No. 4, in township* No. i, range No. 8, for the
purpose of a County Poor Farm, and obligated
themselves and their successors in office, in their
corporate capacity, to pay said Jackson for the
same, as follows : Two thousand dollars ($2,000)
on the first day of October next, to be applied to
the payment of a mortgage in the hands of A.
Buckingham & Co., and the balance as may
hereafter be agreed upon.

Lyle Fulton,
Israel Robinson,
Samuel McCann,
County Commissioners.

July 3d, 1838, Andrew Jackson, having pre-
sented a deed executed by himself and wife to
the Commissioners of Muskingum county, and
their successors in office, and assigns forever,
for one hundred (100) acres of land, heretofore
purchased bjr the said Commissioners, for the
accommodation of a poor house for said countj-.
It is therefore ordered by the Commissioners,
that the Auditor issue orders on the County
Treasurer for three thousand dollars, ($3,000,)
the price agreed upon for said land, the orders
to be for such amounts as the said Jackson may
require ; the said sum to be paid on or before the
first day of October next, and the said Jackson
to allow interest on all payments made before
that time.

Israel Robinson,

Samuel McCann,

County Commissioners.

October 8th, 1863, the second one hun-
dred acres of the poor farm, adjoining the first
tract, was purchased of Augustus C. Springer,
for seven thousand dollars ($7,000). The con-
tract for building the first "Poor House," was
let to David Maginnis, Ma}^ 15th, 1839, ^^^

254

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

$7,409.57. This building was partly destroyed
by fire in 1859, ^^^ rebuilt and enlarged in i860,
at a cost of $9,500.

The New Building. — The architect was W.
C. Hazlett ; the contract was let May 15th, (the
istMonday,) 1880. The contractors for excava-
tion, foundation and brick work, T. B. Town-
send ; for cut stone, Eisle & Berkimer ; for iron
beams, Mt. Vernon Bridge Co. ; carpenter work,
galvanized iron work, slate and tile roofing,
Wm. Hall ; painting, Henry Mechlin ; plumb-
ing, Rockel & Sons. The total contract price,
$44,000 ; to be completed in May, 1881. The
building will accommodate 200 inmates, and
have extra rooms for the Superintendent.

The farm contains about thirty acres of wood
land ; the remainder is all under cultivation.
The premises have been in use since 1841. In
that year the total expenditures amounted to
$4^50.27.

The officers wfei'e :

Superintendent — Sanford Howard.

Directors — Isaac Dillon, D. Brush and I.
Slaughter.

The number of inmates at the close of that year
was twenty-five. In June, of the'same vear, John
B.urtch was appointed Superintendent, at a
salary of three hundred dollars per annum, board
and house room for himself and family.

In 1842, the products of the farm were :
Wheat, 250 bushels ; oats, 170 bushels ; corn, 480
bushels ; potatoes, 400 bushels ; turnips, thirty
bushels ; buck wheat, ten and a half bushels ;
clover, twelve tons ; timothy, three tons ; pork,
2,212 pounds.

The number of inmates during this year was
nineteen.

The Directors were : John Peters, John
Roberts and Wm. Camp.

The Superintendent, in 1874, ^'^^ John
Christie, and he was succeeded, March i, 1881,
by L. R. C. Howard.

The institution is under good discipline. The
following requirements are found in the code :
Cleanliness and .good behavior ; the inmates
shall perform such labor as may be assigned
them — if practicable, this shall be such as they
have been accustomed to ; to exercise in the open
air, as recreation, in places assigned by the Su-
perintendent ; men are to shave, or be shaved,
twice a week. And all are required to attend
Divine service whenever held in the house, ex-
cept those having conscientious scruples opposed
to this requirement, and they are required to re-
main in their rooms during this time.

Those conforming strictly to the rules of the
institution, may, on application to the Superin-
tendent, be permitted to visit their friends, and
have their friends visit them , according to the dis-
cretion of the Superintendent — except on Sabbath.

9th. — No visitor shall be allowed to enter or
go through the rooms of the house without first
obtaining permission from the Superintendent or
one of the Directors.

loth. — Each pauper shall have the full bene-
fit of any lawful donation made him or her in-

dividually, provided such donation be made with
the consent of one of the Directors or the Super-
intendent ; and donations made for the benefit of
the house, shall be faithfully divided among the
poor, or applied to their additional comfort, at
the discretion of the Directors.

Among the prohibitions are : "Lying, stealing,
profanity, quarreling, fighting, card-playing,
immoral books, obscene conversation, and the
use of intoxicants." T"hey shall not sell nor
barter their utensils, clothes or provisions, nor
offer any fee or gratuity, whatsoever, to any per-
sons belonging to the house, nor accept or receive
any reward from any other person, for services
rendered or to be rendered."

The inmates at the close of the year, 1880,
numbered 159.

Products of the farm, 1880: Wheat, 1,085
bushels, of which 500 bushels were sold for
$450., and the money paid into the County
Treasury ; 550 bushels were exchanged for flour
for the use of the institution ; corn, 1,100 bushels ;
oats, 100 bushels ; potatoes, 100 bushels ; hay,
twenty-five tons ; all of which was consumed on
the place.

Infirmary Directors : One Director is elected
annually, [See Sec. 957, Revised Statutes,] and
the term of office begins the.first Monday in De-
cember. The present Board consists of Robert
Slack, whose term of office expires in December,
1881 ; Geo. A. Gardner, whose term expires in
December, 1882, and Addison Palmer, whose
term expires in December, 1883.

The powers vested in the Board are defined
in Sections 961-2, Revised Statutes, and by
virtue of this authority, they have appointed the
present Superintendent for one year from March
I, 1881, at a salary of six hundred dollars, and
his wife as matron, at a salary of one hundred
dollars, beginning at the same date, and the
following physicians to attend the poor entitled
to gratuitous service: For the Infirmary, Dr's. J.
G. F. Holston and L. M. Reamy, at a salary of
two hundred dollars each. And for the wards of
the city, as given, with salary affixed: ist and
2d Wards, "Dr. A. C. Oatlev, $120.00; 3d
Ward, Dr. Seth Allen, $60.60: 4th and 5th
Wards, Dr. W. C. Lenhart, $100.00; 6th
Ward, Dr. J. T. Davis, $60.00; 7th Ward, Dr.
W. E. Atwell, $50.00; 8th Ward, Dr. C. H.
Evans, $70.00; 9th Ward, Dr. J. R. Larzelere,
$50.00. Total, $910.00.

The total amount expended for the benefit of
the poor not in the Infirmary, for the j-ear ending
March ist, 1881, has been $3,000.00. The en-
tire expenditures for the Infirmary, including
salaries, and " the out poor," for the same time,
amounted to $16,000,00.

Under the provisions found in Section 976,
Revised Statutes, the Board has entered into
arrangements for transferring the children at the
Infirmary, and any hereafter received into that
institution, to the " Mclntire Children's Home,"
where they are to be cared for, as other chil-
dren received into the Home, and at the same
cost that said children would be to the county.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

255

JOHN M INTIRE S WILL.

The following is an extract from the Records
of the Court of Common Pleas of Muskingum
County :

August 4th, 181 5. — At a called Court of Com-
rnon Pleas, held at Zanesville, in Muskingum
countjs present, David Findley, Stephen C.
Smith and Daniel Stillwell, associate Judges of
said court, the last will and testament of John
Mclntire, deceased, was produced in open court,
and proven on the oath of Samuel Culbertson
and Job Stanbery, the subscribing witnesses.
Daniel Convers and Alexander Adair were sworn
in open court as Executors, when the usual orders
were made.

John McIntire's Will. — " I, John Mclntire,
who am a citizen of the United States, and a
resident of the town of Zanesville, wishing to
make a just disposition of all my estate, both
real and personal, to take effect after my death,
do make this instrument of writing, as, and for
my last will and testament, hereby revoking and
disannulling all former wills, by me heretofore
made.

" In the first place, in lieu of my wife's full
dower at law, I give devise and bequeath to her
absolutely, the one half of all the personal prop-
erty I may die possessed of, except my clock,
which is not to be sold, but remain in my dwell-
ing house so long, as it will go. All my personal
property is first to be valued by three men
chosen by my executors, then my wife, Sally,
is to make her choice of the one-half, or, should
she not take the one-half, the residence is to be
sold, and she is to get the money arising from
the sale. I also give, devise and bequeath to
her, during her life, my mansion house, barn,
stable, and all my outhouses and improvements,
within the present enclosure, where I now
live.

"Secondly, so soon after my death as my
executors, or a majority of them, may think
proper, I order, direct, and empower them, to
sell and convey in fee simple, in such parcels
and in such manner, and on such terms as they
think proper, all and every part of my real es-
tate in the county of Muskingum, or elsewhere,
except the real property which I own and which
lays within the grant made by the United States
to Ebenezer Zane, pn the Muskingum River,
which shall not be sold during the lifetime of my
wife, and out of the sales and proceeds of the
above lands, my executors are to pay off all my
just debts as soon as possible, after which debts
are paid, my executors are to pay to my wife,
Sally, annually during her life, the one-half of
the rents, interest, issues and profits of all my es-
tate, both real and personal. The money aris-
ing from the sales of my real estate after the
payment of my debts, as aforesaid, is to be by
my executors, vested in stock in the Zanesville
Canal and Manufacturing Company, all except-
ing one hundred dollars, which I allow them to
purchase ahorse, saddle and bridle with, for
John Chapman, who now lives with me, also

another hundred dollars, which I allow to pur-
chase a horse, saddle and bridle with, for Lucin-
da Green', who now lives with me. At the death
of my. wife, Sally, I allow my executors to sell
and convey, in fee simple, in such a manner and
on such terms as they think proper, all the rest,
residue and remainder of my real estate then
remaining unsold. The house and lot, as above
bequeathed to my wife, with the clock aforesaid
excepted, and the money arising from such sale
or sales to be vested in the Zanesville Canal and
Manufacturing Company stock, as my other
money is ordered to be vested.

"Thirdly, I allow my executors, if they think
it prudent and proper, to pay out of the afore
said funds annually to Negro Mess, who has
lived with me, and now lives with me, fifty dol-
lars, during his lifetime.

" Fourthly, I give, devise and bequeath to my
daughter, Amelia Mclntire, otherwise called
Amelia Messer, at the death of mj- wife, my
mansion house, with the premises before de-
scribed, in fee simple, provided she leaves heirs
of her body, or heir, with the clock aforesaid ;
also I give, devise and bequeath to her and the
heir or heirs of her body, and their heirs forever,
all rents, issues, interest and profits, of all my
Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Companv
Stock, which are to be paid to her annually dur-
ing her life, by the President and Directors of
said company, on her own personal application,
and not otherwise. She is not at liberty to sell,
under the pain of forfeiture, any part of said
stock, nor is the same ever to be liable for the
payment of her debts which she may contract,
or which her husband, should she marry,
may contract. Should she leave an heir, or heirs,
of her body, then, at her death, the house aforesaid
to be vested in them in fee sinnple, and all the
stock aforesaid, to do with as they may think
proper. But should my daughter, Amelia Mcln-
tire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, die with-
out an heir or heii"s of her bodv, then mv house
and lot, with the premises as before described,
are to be held in fee simple by the company be-
fore described, for the use and occupancy of the
President of said company, with the clock afore-
said, he paying into the fund aforesaid, for the
use hereafter described, a reasonable rent, to be
fixed by the Directors, for the same ; and the
President and Directors of said company are
annually, forever, to appropriate all the profits,
rents and issues of my stock, as aforesaid, and
all my estate, of whatever kind the same may
be, for the use and support of a Poor School,
which they are to establish in the town of Zanes-
ville, for the use of the poor children in said
town, the children who are to be the objects of
this Institution to be fixed upon bj- the Presi-
dent and Directors of said company. This be-
quest to. be absolutely void, in case rny daughter
Amelia, before described, should leave an heir,
or heirs, of her body.

"Lastly, I nominate, constitute, and appoint
my friends, Daniel Convers, Alexander Adair,
and Nathan C. Findley, all of Zanesville, the

256

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

executors of this, my last will and testament,
with full and absolute power, by me in them, or
a majority of them vested, to carry this will, and
every part thereof, into full effect, and I fully em-
power them or a majority of them, to sell and
convey my real estate as aforesaid described, in
fee simple, and as fully as I myself could, were
I living ; and, in case any one of my executors,
as aforesaid mentioned, should refuse to act
agreeable to my request, as an executor of my
estate, then, in that case, I authorize, and fully
empower the other two executors to fix upon,
and appoint some other person, who will act as
an executor, and after he is sworn according to
law, as an executor is sworn, I do absolutely,
and fully, vest him with all the powers which any
of my executors are vested with, and all his acts
as an executor are to be as binding as those of
his co-executors.

" In testimony that this instrument of writing
is my last will and testament, I, John Mclntire,
who am now of sound mind and memory, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this eighteenth day
of March, eighteen hundred and fifteen, atZanes-
ville, Ohio.

"John McIntire, [Seal.]

" Signed, sealed, and pronounced by John
Mclntire, in our presence, as his last will and
testament, who, in his presence, and at his re-
quest, sign our names, as witnesses to the same.

j. w. culbertson,
Job Stanley."

Nathan C. Findley declining to act as one of
the executors of John Mclntire, deceased, Eb-
enezer Granger was appointed in his stead. E.
Granger died in 1822, leaving Daniel Convers
and Alexander Adair, surviving executors.

Supreme Court of Ohio — December Term,
1867 — McIntire''b Administrators etal. vs.
the City of Zanesville — Petition for the con-
struction of the last will and testament of John
Mclntire, deceased. Reserved from the District
Court of Muskingum county. T. J. Taylor, So-
licitor for Children's Home.

Legal Action Concerning the Will of
John McIntire. — The Administrators and the
Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company
vs. The City of Zanesville. — [Ohio Reports,
Critchfield, p. 352, et seq.] By a provision in the
will in question, " the President and Directors of
said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Com-
pany, are annually, forever, to appropriate all
profits, rents, and issues of my stock as aforesaid,
and all my estate, of whatever kind the same
may be, for the use and support of a Poor School,
which they are to establish in the town of Zanes-
ville, for the use of the poor children in said town,
the children who are to be the objects of this in-
stitution, to be fixed upon by the President
and Directors of said company.

" At the date of the will, said Zanesville Canal
and Manufacturing Company were unincorpor-
ated ; but soon after the death of the testator,
they were duly incorporated, and authorized to
accept and execute the trust ; and their corpor-
ate existence has been made perpetual for that

purpose, by subsequent act of the Legislature.

"Upon the happening of the contingencies
upon which depended this devise, the Zanes-
ville Canal and Manufacturing Company
accepted the trust, erected a school building in
the city of Zanesville, and supported therein a
"poor school," until the year 1856, when, owing
to the flourishing condition of the public schools
of this city, and the repugnance of parents and
children towards a distinctive "poor school," the
said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Com-
pany placed the building under the control of the
city Board of Education, which Board conduct-
ed schools therein in the same manner as if it
were a ward school, the Zanesville Canal and
Manufacturing Company paying the expenses of
said school.

" In 1865, the said Zanesville Canal and Man-
ufacturing Company assumed the expense of
maintaining another of the ward schools of the
city.

" Of this fund, a sufficient sum to pay the ex-
penses of schools taught in the Mclntire School
Building, from 1856 to 1865, was paid to the
School Board for that purpose, and the additional
sum of $8,000 annually, up to the close of the
year 1880, with additional contributions for cloth-
ing, etc., of from $500.00 to $800.00 annually.

" Since the death of the testator, several addi-
tions have been made to the town of Zanesville.
Some of these additions are included in the pres-
ent corporate limits of the city, and some are
not. Of the latter description, is a village, on the
west side of the Muskingum ri\-er. called 'West
Zanesville," in which lots were laid out by the
testator, and denominated by him on the plat as
'lots in Zanesville.' The incorporated town, in
1815, was situated entirelv on the east side of
the river.

" A part of the fund so donated is still unin-
vested, and stock' in the Zanesville Canal and
Manufacturing Companv cannot now be pur-
chased, and, if so purchased, would be of little
or no value.

"The present case is a petition filed by the
Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company,
and the administrators, with the will annexed of
said estate, asking the Court for directions and
advice as to the manner of investing the remain-
ing part of the lund, as to the extent and limits
of the 'town of Zanesville,' within the meaning
of said will, and as to the proper manner of
executing the trust within those limits.

" The cit}' of Zanesville answers, claiming
that the present application of the fund, in aid of
the free schools of the city, shall be continued.

" Since filing the petition, a voluntary associa-
tion, denominated the 'Muskingum Children's
Home Association,' has been made a party de-
fendant, and filed an answer in the cause. The
object of this association is to 'secure proper care,
culture and homes, for children in the city and
vicinity of Zanesville, who, by misfortune or
vice, are left in destitute circumstances, without
the comforts or culture of home, church, or
school.' It is located at Zanesville, and has al-

'iS^ii

Intepior

of Wholesale Store of WHEELER STEVENS, Zanesville, Ohio.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

257

i-eady received from the trustees, some part of the
Mclntire fund, to aid it from time to time in its
charitable enterprise ; and the association asks
that the Trustees be advised or directed to ap-
propriate at least part of the trust for that use.

DECiiEE. — "This cause came on to be heard
upon petition and amended petition of the plain-
tiffs, the answers of the defendants, and the ex-
hibits and testimony, and was argued by coun-
sel ; on the consideration whereof, the Court
directs and advises that the uninvested part of
the fund, referred to in the petition, be invested
otherwise than in the stock of said Zanesville
Canal and Manufacturing Company, in such
way, and manner, as shall be most productive
and safe. And the Court is of opinion, and so
advises said Trustees, that it is the true meaning
and intent of said will, that, in the selection "of
children to be the beneficiaries of said bounty,
that they be not confined to the limits of the
original town of Zanesville, or to the corporate
limits of the borough or city of Zanesville, but
may, and should, select them also from the said
village of West Zanesville, or from any and all
other additions to said town or city, which, in
the common and popular sense, constitute parts
thereof at the time of selection. And the Court
further advises and directs the said Trustees
to discontinue the present plan of applying a
portion of the proceeds of said trust fund, in aid
of the common schools of said city of Zanesville,
being of opinion that anj' permanent appropria-
tion of said funds, or any portion of them, in
that way, would be a perversion of the same
from the true objects and purposes of the dona-
tion. And the Court, further proceeding to ad-
vise said Trustees as to their duties in the prem-
ises, is of opinion and declares, that the real and
ultimate purpose of the donor was, to educate
poor children, resident in Zanesville ; that, in
carrying out that purpose, the powers of the
Ti-ustees are not confined to the mere establish-
ment and maintenance of a free school, or insti-
'tution for the education of poor c^ildi-en ; but
that they may, when found propel* and necessary
to the end proposed, also adopt other means for
the education of such poor children, in connec-
tion with such school or institution, and, as inci-
dental thereto, including, among such other
means, that so far relieving the wants of such
poor children as to make their education practic-
able, when that end cannot be otherwise at-
tained, and the proceeds of said fund are suffi-
cient for that purpose. But the Court further
advises, that the Trustees maintain and use, at all
times, some suitable edifice, or edifices, for in-
struction, and that when they see proper to dis-
pense any part of said funds through other asso-
ciations or persons, they retain in their own
hands a supervisory power over them, and the
right, at all times, to control their action. And
it is further ordered and adjudged by the Court,
that all the costs herein be paid by said Trustees,
out of the proceeds of said trust fund."

Day, C. J., and White, Brinkerhoff and Scott,
J. J., concurred.

McIntire Children's Home. — The inception
of this institution dates back to a time in June,
1865, when Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. James, Mrs.
Captain Hazlett, Mrs. D. Brown, Mrs. Louisa
Brooks, Mrs. General Leggett, and Mrs. Joseph
Black, convened, in one of the small rooms of
the Second street M. E. Church, at which meet-
ing Mrs. Van Buren was chosen President, and
Mrs. James, Secretary. The result of this meet-
ing was, that it should be ascertained what money
could be raised for the purpose of caring for des-
titute children, to accomplish which, committees
were appointed to solicit funds in each ward-.

On July 24, 1865, a second meeting was held,
in the same place, and a committee was appoint-
ed to prepare a suitable Constitution and By-
Laws. The meeting also decided to invite the
co-operation of Rev. Mr. Piatt, Henrj^ Blandy,
C. W. Potwin, John Taylor, Jr., Joseph Black,
General Leggett, Rev. Levitt, Alexander Grant,
and others. July 31, of the same year, they met
and perfected an organization, and adopted rules
to govern the Home. The name selected was
significant of their intent, viz. : "The Musking-
um County Children's Home." The officers
elected were :

President — Henry Blandy.

Vice Presidents — Joseph Black and C. W.
Potwin.

Treasurei' — John Taylor.

Secretary— H. D. Willard.

Board of Control — Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs.
Captain Hazlett, Mrs. Dr. Brown, Mrs. D. M.
Leggett, Mrs. Benjamin Wheeler. Mrs. Brooks,
and Mrs. Maginnis.

Matron — Miss Mary Flood.

The first "Home" was opened in Mrs. Flood's
brick dwelling, on Market street, east of Block-
som alley. In the spring following, these rooms
were found insufficient for the accommodation of
the children, and the Board of Control contract-
ed with Stephen Harper for his five-acre lot, sit-
uated oh the old Wheeling road, one njile east
of the Court House, opposite Harris's brick-yard,
upon which was' a one-story, frame house, con-
taining four rooms, for which pi'operty, was paid
two thousand one hundred and fifty dollars.

Rules Governing the Institutiofi. — Parents or
guardians, or, if none, the Trustees of town-
ships, or Infirmary Directors, are required to
sign a paper of indenture, giving the child to the
Trustees of the Home, to be placed in their care
and protection, to feed, clothe, school, and care
for, as their own children ; the Home to provide
suitable homes for the children, among good and
respectable people.

Requirements from those who receive children
from the Home :

Such persons are i-equired to enter into bond
to take care of the child, or children, as though
their own. The child is' required to be industri-
ous and obedient, and, when of age, the adopt-
ing-parents are required to furnish two suits of
clothes, one of which is to be new.

The Trustees reserve the right to the child, so

2S8

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

far as to see that the contract, on the part of those
who adopt children, is compHed with.

The importance of such an institution as the
Children's Home having been demonstrated, as
fulfilling the desires expressed in the will of John
Mclntire, who bequeathed his property for the
benefit of poor children, the administrators of his
estate generously came to the aid of the Board
of Control, by paying the expenses, and affording
such other assistance as was necessary to place
the Home on a permanent basis.

September 4th, 1867, Mrs. Highfield resigned
her. Matronship, and Mrs. Ely (her daughter),
was appointed to fill the vacancy, and Miss Kate
Duross was appointed teacher.

In July, 1868, the Mclntire trustees agreed to
purchase and hold the mortgage debt of said
Children's Home Association, and to contribute
two thousand dollars a year to support the Home,
the name being changed (May i6th, of the same
3'ear,) to Mclntire Children's Home. After sup-
porting the "Home" for eleven years, in the old
frame building, in the fourth ward, the trustees
became satisfied that a building ought to be con-
structed specially adapted for such purpose. The
Mclntire estate, having become the owner of
"Woodside," a site containing some eight acres,
and familiarly known as the homestead of Judge
Richard Stillwell, and, subsequently, of Mr.
Kaemmerer, the executors, by virtue of their of-
ficial power, and in obedience to the intent of the
testator, whose estate they control, set this tract
apart for the "John Mclntire Children's Home."
Under legislative authority, the ground aforesaid
was annexed to the city of Zanesville, and open-
ed Kaemmerer avenue, which leads from the
Home grounds to Adair avenue, thus bringing
it into direct communication with the public high-
ways of the city, while it is retired from the an-
noyances of a common public thoroughfare, and
enjoys the delightful advantage of a suburban
home, on a commanding eminence, amid the
shade and beauty of luxuriant forest trees.

"And cloudless brightness opens wide and high,
A home aerial, where Thy presence dwells.
The chime of bells remote, the murmuring —
The song of birds is whispering, copse and wood,
The voice of children's thoughtless glee.
And maiden's song, are all one voice of good."

The executors made a contract with the Coun-
ty Commissioners, through a joint commission,
consisting of Jeff. Van Home, on the part of the
Commissioners, and C. C. Russell, M. M. Gran-
ger, and D. C. Converse, for Mclntire Children's
Home, as follows :

First — Said Association will build, during the
year 1879, on lots 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 45, and 46,
Woodside (Kaemmerer's subdivision, recently
annexed to Zanesville), a brick building, for said
Home, suitable for the accommodation of one
hundred children, and the necessary officers and
attendants of the Home, which building shall be
the property of the Mclntire estate, for the use of
said Home.

Second — The Commissioners of Muskingum
county, pursuant to act of February nth, 1869
[Volume 66, Ohio Laws, page 11], will aid said
association in and about the erection of said build-
ing, pay to said association the sum of six thous-
and dollars, ($6,000.00), payable as follows, to
wit : On or before the first day of May, A. D.

1879, ^^^ ^^^ °^ ^^° thousand dollars, ($2,-
000.00) ; on or before the first day of January,

1880, the sum of three thousand dollars, ($3,-
000.00) ; and the balance 5n or before the first
day of July, 1880.

Third — Said association will receive into said
Home, in the same manner as other children are,
and have been, received, children within the ages
fixed by the Statutes regulating the Children's
Home, children from the County Infirmar}', and
keep, and maintain, and instruct them in like
manner as they do unto and for other children
admitted to said Home, and will maintain a school
in said Home, as required by the State of Ohio
touching said Home.

Fourth — Said County Commissioners will use
all legal power ot taxation that is, or may be,
given them, (by law), for the purpose of raising
money to fulfill the following stipulations, and
will pay it, from time to time, to said association,
as raised, to wit : For salaries of Superintendent,
Matron, and other necessary officers and attend-
ants, not exceeding their pro rata 'Share of said
expenses, properly belonging to the children ad-
niitted from said Infirmarv, not exceeding the
sumof three thousand dollars, ($3,000.00), aj-ear,
for furnishing books, school apparatus, etc., their
proper cost for said children so received from said
Infirmary Directors.

Approved by Commissioners Simms. Tanner,
and Van Home. — [Commissioner's journal, pa-
ges 405-6.

The new Home building was begun in June,
1879, ^^^ finished in August, 1880: the opening
was celebrated, and it was dedicated by appro-
priate religious ceremonies, and a sense of relief
came, lifting the shadows that over us roll.

The structWPe is one of the most beautiful in
this vicinity ; the entire length is one hundred
and twenty rive feet, b}- ninety in width ; the base-
ment is built of limestone, with range-work above
the window sills. The east and west wings are
two stones high ; the central poi-tion is three
stories high ; the roof is Mansard ; the walls are
of brick, with handsome stone trimmings. In
the architrave, over the main entrance, the name
of the institution, "Mclntire Children's Home,"
is cut in bold, stone lettering. The building
fronts south, and the stone steps at the doorways
are neat and remarkable for easy ascent and de-
scent. The building contains thirty-five rooms.
There are several avenues of escape in case of
fire. The building is heated throughout by steam,
from the boiler room, in the basement, and so
perfect is the system that no accident can occur.
The structure is to be lighted by gas, furnished
from the pipes of the Zanesville Gas Light Com-
pany.

The laundry is located in the rear of the kitch-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

259

en, and is a substantial brick building, thirty-two
feet square, and supplied with all the appliances
necessary.

The school house, seventy-five yards east of
the Home, is a handsome two-roorn edifice, with
a capacity of one hundred children.

The Home farm comprises one hundred and
four acres of land, and is in charge of two farm-
ers, for whom neat tenement houses have been
erected. Two new frame houses have been built,
one for the janitor of the Home, the other for the
overseer of the farm. They were constructed
from the material of the large frame building
which formerly occupied the site of the Home,
built by the late Judge Stillwell. The barn and
stables have been newly i-epaired and painted,
new board fencing around the farm, picket fence
around the Home building and grounds immedi-
ately attached, the lawn laid out in walks, and
ornamented with evergreens, and, all in all, the
new Home is a charming place.

Arrangements have been made with the In-
firmary Directors, under authority vested in them,
[see Section 976, Revised. Statutes], to take into
the Home the children that now are, or may here-
after, come to the Infirmary, and care for them
as other children.

The present officers are :

Trustees — Moses M. Granger, Daniel Apple-
gate, D. C.^onvers, R. S. Granger, Edward J.
Brush, Charles C. Goddard, Charles H. Abbott,
John R. Stonesipher, Charles C. Hildi-eth, Alex-
ander Grant, and George W. Thompson.

The officers of this Board are :

President — Alexander Grant.

Vice President — Charles C. Goddard.

Secretary — George W. Thompson.

Board of Managers — Mrs. Stanberry, Mrs. G.
N. Guthrie, Mrs. Robert Fulton, Mrs. James R.
Peabody, Mrs. Laura Taylor, Mrs. Alexander
Sullivan, Mrs. Thomas Griffith, and Messrs. A.
Grant, Charles C. Goddard, and George W.
Thompson.

Matron— Mrs. Ann W. Ely.

Teacher — Miss Kate Duross.

CHAPTER XXVI.

MUSKINGUM IMPROVEMENT.

NAVIGABLE CANALS THE CANAL FUND COMMIS-
SIONERS OF POWERS WHAT THE COMMISSION-
ERS DID COST OF MAKING THESE IMPROVE-
MENTS— CONNECTION WITH THE NAVIGATION

OF THE OHIO RIVER REVENUE DERIVED FROM

THE IMPROVEMENT TOLL RECEIPTS TON-
NAGE TABLE THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.

February 4th, 1825, an act was passed by the
Legislature of Ohio, "to provide for the internal
improvement of the State of Ohio, by navigable
canals," which is as follows :

Section 4. "That there shall be a Board of
Commissioners, to be denominated the Commis-
sioners of the Canal Fund, which Board shall

consist of three members, each of whom shall
take an oath, or affirmation, well and faithfullj'
to execute the duties required of him by law, who
shall continue in thei»appointment six years, and
until their successors are appointed and qualified,
which Board shall continue until the stock which
shall be created., as hereinafter provided, shall
be wholly paid and redeemed, and that the terms
of service of the three persons first appointed,
shall be so arranged that one of their terms of ser-
vice shall expire at the end of two years, and one
at the end of four years, and one at the end of
six years, to be decided by lot, so that one of
said Commissioners shall be appointed every two
years, and should a vacancy happen in said Board
by death, resignation, or otherwise, during the
recess of the Legislature, the Governor, for the
time being, shall appoint a person, or persons, to
fill such vacancy, until the. Legislature shall act in
the premises ; provided, that any of said Commis-
sioners may be removed b};- joint resolution of
both branches of the Legislature ; and that the
following persons and their successors shall con-
stitute said Board, to wit: Ethan A. Brown, Eb-
enezer Buckingham, and Allen Trimble ; that a
majority of said Commissioners shall be a quorum
for the transaction of business ; they shall super-
intend and manage the canal fund, and shall re-
ceive, arrange, and manage, to the best advant-
age, all things belonging thereto ; they shall boi--
row, from time to time, moneys on the credit of
the State, at a rate of interest not exceeding six
per centum per annum, and not exceeding, in the
year eighteen hundred and twenty-five, the sum
of four hundred thousand dollars, and in any suc-
ceeding year, during the progress of the work
hereby contemplated, a sum which shall not ex-
ceed six hundred thousand dollars, for which
moneys so to be borrowed, they shall issue trans-
ferable certificates of stock, redeemable at the
pleas'ure of the State, at such time, between the
year one thousand eight hundred and fifty and
the year one thousand eight hundred and seven-
ty-five, as the said Commissioners of the Canal .
Fund may determine, to be paid out of said fund,
and transferable at such place, or places, as, in
the opinion of said Commissioners of the Canal
Fund, shall best promote the interest of the State ;
they shall pay the sums so borrowed to the Canal
Commissioners, or their orders, for the purpose
of making the canals hereinbefore described, un-
der such regulations and restrictions as the Com-
missioners of the Canal Fund may deem neces-
sary and proper, in order to secure the applica-
tion of the money to the making of the canals.
********

Section 8. "That it shall be lawful for the said
Canal Commissioners, and each of them by them-
selves, and by any and every superintendent,
agent, or engineer employed by them, to enter
upon, and take possession of, and use all and sin-
gular, any lands, waters, streams, and materials
necessary for the prosecution of the improvements
intended by this act ; and to make all such can-
als, feeders, dykes, locks, dams, and other works
and devices, as they may think proper for mak-

26o

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ing such improvements, doing, nevertheless, no
unnecessary damage ; and that in case any lands,
waters, streams, or materials taken and appro-
priated, for any of the purf)oses aforesaid, shall
not be given or granted to this State, it shall be
the duty of the Canal Commissioners, on appli-
cation being made to them by the owner, or own-
ers, of an}- such lands, waters, streams, or materi-
als, to appoint, by writing, not less than three, nor
more than five, discreet, disinterested persons as
appraisers, who shall, before they enter upon the
duties of their appointment, severally take an
oath, or affirmation, before some person author-
ized to administer oaths, faithfully and impartially
to perform the trust and duties required of them
by this act, a certificate of which oath, or affirm-
ation, shall be filed with the Secretary- of the
Canal Commissioners ; and it shall be the duty
of said appraisers, or a majority of them, to
make a just and equitable estimate and apprais-
al, of damage, if any, over and above the bene-
fit and advantage to the respective owners and
proprietors, or parties interested in the premises,
so required foi" the purposes aforesaid, and the
said appraisers, or a majority of them, shall
make regular entries of their determination and
appraisal, with an apt and sufficient description
of the several premises, appropriated for the
purposes aforesaid, in a book, or books, to be
provided by the Canal Commissioners, and cer-
tify and sign their names to such entries and ap-
praisals, etc.

"M. T. Williams,
"Speaker of the House of Representatives.
> "Allen Trimble.
"Speaker of the Senate."

"In pursuance of this act, the Board made ar-
rangements for taking levels, and making sur-
veys and examinations necessary to ascertain
the best plan, and probable cost, of improving
that important river — the Muskingum. Mr. Jo-
seph Ridgeway, Jr., was accordingly directed to
• proceed to the performance of this service. In
this gentleman's skill the Board feels great con-
fidence, and entertains no doubt but that his lev-
elings and surveys are substantially correct. In
adopting a plan for improving the size of the
river, the nature of the valley, its banks and bed,
and its connection with the Ohio river, have been
taken into view. As the improvement of the
Muskingum is designed, among other advan-
tages, to connect the navigation of the Ohio
river with that of the canal through the valley
of the Muskingum, it is of primary importance
that the improvement should be such as to aflxjrd
a commodious navigation, either for boats of the
canal, or the steamboats of the Ohio. The char-
acter of the valley, and the channel of the Mus-
kingum, render it much cheaper to make a
steamboat navigation in its channel, than a canal
along its margin.

"The plan of improvements, therefore, which
has been adopted, is to create, at all places in
the channel of the river, by means of dams, a
sufficient depth of water to admit the passage of

steamboats of the size found most profitable for
navigating the Ohio river, and construct the
locks, and side cuts around the dams, of suffi-
cient dimensions for that purpose.

"The channel of the river is sufficiently large
for the convenient navigation of the largest
steamboats, being, on an average, five hun-
dred feet in breadth. The distance from Zanes-
ville to the mouth of the river, at Marietta, fol-
lowing the meanderings of the river, is seventy-
five miles and sixty-six chains. The amount of
fall from the foot of the upper dam, at Zanes-
ville, to the level of low-water mark at Marietta,
is one hundred and four feet, and from the top
of the Zanesville dam, one hundred and fifteen
feet. To make slack water throughout this
whole distance, if not less than four feet in
depth, at the lowest stages of water, will require
eleven dams across the river. The descent from
the lower dam at Zanesville, may be overcome
by twelve locks, the aggregate lift of which will
be one hundred and four feet.

■'The lowest estimated cost of making these
improvements, from the lower bridge in Zanes-
ville to the Ohio river, including ten per cent,
on the net estimate, to cover unforeseen ex-
penses, is $353,443.67.

"In order to connect the navigation of the
Ohio river with the canal, it will be necessary to
improve the river betwen Zanesville and Dres-
den, by the erection of one dam across the river
between these two places, and the making of a
lock, to overcome the fall ; together with a lock
and an increase of the breadth of the canal, at
Zanesville ; the total cost of which is estimated
at $56,556.61.

"A side cut, or branch canal, of about two
and a half miles in length, from the main canal
to the Muskingum, at Dresden, with three boat
locks, overcoming a descent of twenty-eight feet
from the canal into the river, will be necessary,
to perfect the plan. The cost of this side cut
will be about thirty-five thousand dollars." The
contract for building this side cut was at once let,
to be completed September i, 1829.

The question of this improvement continued
to be agitated until 1835, when the contracts
were let, and work began. The contractors
were : Josiah Spaulding, G. W. Manypenny ;
Lyon, Buck & Wolf; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp,
and Arthur and James Taggert. The whole
work was under the personal supervision of Da-
vid Bates, civil engineer.

In 1 84 1, the work was so far advanced as to
allow the passage of boats ; but it was not until
a year later that the 'Muskingum Improvement'
was entirely completed. The total cost was one
million six hundred thousand dollars.

The revenue of the improvement is derived
from tolls, similar to those collected on the Ohio
Canal. The locks are located as follows : Dres-
den, Simms' Creek, Zanesville, Taylorsville,
Eaglesport, McConnellsville, Windsor, Luke
Chute, Beverly, Lowell, Devolt, and Harmar.
There are two locks at Zanesville, and a dam
near each of the locks named, except at Dres-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

261

den, which is obviated by the canal flowing into
the Muskingum river.

The lock-tenders at Zanesville have been :

Major Horn, Henry Bridgeman, William

Stokes, and George Shrack. The latter, now
seventy-five years of age, has performed the du-
ties faithfully, during twenty-four years past.

Toll Receipts. — The receipts during the
year 1879, from tolls and water rents, on Divi-
sion No. 2, of the Public Works of Ohio, which
embraces the Ohio and Hocking Canals, and the
Muskingum Improvement, aggregated $35,-
084.99, divided as follows :

Ohio Canal— Tolls $ 8,056 82

" " —Water rents 4,250 72

Total 112,307 54

Hocking Canal— Tolls $ 7,129 51

" " —Water rents 1,056 18

Total $ 8,185 69

Muskingum Improvement — Tolls $10,872 59

" —Water rents 3,719 17

Total $14,591 76

The expenditures for the same period were as
follows :

Ohio Canal $18,221 72

Hocking Canal 9,833 13

Muskingum Township 16,059 79

Salary of Engineer 900 00

Total $45,014 64

The excess of the expenditures over the re-
receipts was $9,929.64.

Tonnage Table. — The following table shows
the amount of business done at the Collector's
office in Zanesville — the shipments and receipts
— din-ing the year 1879 •

Article.^. Arrived. Cleared.

Barrels —

Flour 2,999 467

Salt...- 10,313

Bushels —

Corn 2,545

Cqal, mineral 5,400 195

Wheat 284,250

Pounds —

Hides and skins 60,000

Iron, pig or scrap 53,872 390,668

Iron, bar 7,350 555,870

Machinery 28,000

Merchandise 1,413,362 5,016,300

Potters' ware 240,760

Sundries 2,770,480 2,356,000

Number —

Barrels, empty 1,226 2,367

Brick 35,450

Hoop-poles 39,090 4,000

Lath 209,000

Staves and Headings 420,000

Shingles 1,037,000

Feet-
Lumber ■ 558,560 188,600

Perches —
Stone 828

The Muskingum Improvement is now under
control of the Board of Public Works, which is
composed as follows :

President — James Fullington.

Secretary — A. C. Williams.

Clerk— J. W. Horton.

Chief Engineer — ;John B. Gregory.

The following are the Superintendents : N.
Hoagland, Akron ; Thomas West, Canal Dover ;
Samuel Galloway, Newark ; W. E. Mead, Co-
lumbus ; H. White, Logan ; E. W. Sprague,
Lowell ; R. N. Andrews, Hamilton ; Jarvis
Landon, Piqua ; George Long, Toledo ; N. C.
West, Fremont.

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE KAILROADS OP MUSKINGUM COUNTY.

THE CENTRAL OHIO CINCINNATI AND MUSKINGUM

VALLEY PITTSBURGH, CINCINNATI AND ST.

LOUIS ZANESVILLE AND SOUTHEASTERN.

The history of the railroads of the county shows
them to have been powerful agencies in develop-
ing the resources, the growth, and prosperity of
the industries and institutions, the march of mind,
and the increase of wealth, while the increased
facilities for transporting the products of the soil,
other merchandise, and easy transit of passen-
gers, seem almost too familiar to be dul}^ appre-
ciated. And yet, a careful contemplation of this
important factor in our present civilization, shows
that railways, which have inaugurated the new
order of things, have rarely been beneficiaries to
a degree commensurate with the outlay of money
and brains required to put them in operation and
keep them up.

Live and let live, is a wholesome maxim, and,
while the railroad remains our best means of
transport communication, it should receive a gen-
erous patronage, at a living tariff". Of seventy-
two companies in Ohio, reporting to the Com-
missioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, for the
last fiscal year, the operating expenses were 67.45
per cent, of the receipts, and only thirteen of the
seventy-two companies report paying dividends
to their stock-holders.

The railroads in Muskingum county are :

The Central Ohio, having 32.70 miles of main
track, and 6.07 miles of siding.

The Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley, hav-
ing 26.61 miles of main track, and 2.90 miles of
siding.

The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis,
having 14.09 miles of main track, and 2.66 miles
of siding.

With a total of main track of 73.40 miles, and
11.63 miles of siding, or, 85.03 miles of track in
all.

The Central Ohio Railroad.— On Februarj^
8th, 1847, the Legislature of Ohio passed "an act
to incorporate the Central Ohio Railroad Com-
pany." This was the pioneer railroad of the
county, and its incorporators were : Robert Neil,
Samuel Medarjs Joel Buttles, Joseph Ridgway,

262

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and Bela Latham, of Franklin county ; David
Smith, Daniel Duncan, Adam Seymour, Israel
Dille, Albert Sherwood, Nathaniel B. Hogg,
Levi J. Haughey, Jacob Glessner, George W.
Penney, Jonathan Taylor, A. P. Prichard, and
Wickliff Condit, of Licking county,; James Ra-
guet, Robt. Mitchell, Daniel Brush, John Hamm,
Solomon Sturges, Richard Stillwell, Daniel Con-
vers, Levi Clayp.ool, and Solomon Woods, of
Muskingum county.

Authority was given to these incorporators, and
their successors, to construct a single, or double,
track railroad from Cohimbus, through Newark
and Zanesville, to the Ohio river ; also, to extend
it westward to the Indiana line, if desired.

March 8th. 1849, ^^^ charter was amended by
conferring upon the company all the privileges
of an act regulating railroad companies, and sub-
jecting it to the duties and liabilities therein im-
posed.

On March 20th, 1850, the charter was further
amended, giving to the company perpetual li-
cense to occupy its right of way, where no re-
lease had been obtained from the owner, provid-
ed the company had possessed the same peace-
ably for seven years, without any claim being
made by the owner for compensation therefor,
and "such possession shall be ^rima facie evi-
dence that a release was granted."

In March, 1 851, an agent was sent to England,
with authority to purchase six thousand tons of
iron rails, to complete the road to Columbus, it be-
ing supposed that the entire quantity could be
delivered before the close of navigation, in the
fall of 185 1 ; these expectations were not realized,
and it was not until March, 1852, that the entire
consignment was received, although thirty-nine
vessels were occupied in its transportation.

The construction of the road was commenced
at Newark, and, on January 26th, 1852, the line
between Newark and Zanesville was opened for
business — "in less than twenty-one months after
the commencement of the work," as the official
report boastingly asserts. Twenty-six miles of
■railroad,built in twenty-one months, is no achieve-
ment in modern railroad engineering, when one
mile a day is frequently accomplished.

The first report of the Treasurer, showing the
operations of the road from January 26th to Aug-
ust 1st, 1852, for the operated line between New-
ark and Zanesville, gives the following resume :

Passenger and freight receipts, $17,566.91 ;
mail service, $2,072.92. Total revenue, $19,-
639.83.

Equivalent to six per cent, interest on a valua-
tion of $480,000, which amount, the Treasurer
suggests, is more than the road cost.

The President, in his report, presented at the
same time, comments upon the road's prospects,
when its connections east and west shall have
been consummated, and of its geographical posi-
tion, as commanding the best through line of the
countrj'. He says : "An indication of this result
is already presented us, within the last few days,
since the opening of travel over the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad to the Mononeahela river.

We are now carrying passengers ticketed from
Baltimore to Cincinnati, who, leaving the Balti-
more road at Fetterman, take coaches to St. Ma-
ry's, on the Ohio river, from which place to Zanes-
ville, by way of Marietta, they are brought in the
mail steam packets of the Muskingum. If we
can have through travel between Baltimore and
the west by so circuitous a route, what shall we
not have reason to expect when the Baltimore
road is finished to Wheeling, and ten hours sta-
ging only (over the National Road, which is kept
in excellent condition), intervenes between the
Baltimore and the Central roads?"

January 8th, 1853, the track-laying to Colum-
bus was completed, and the road opened for busi-
ness between Zanesville and Columbus. From
that date to August 23d, 1853, 60,3 14 passengers
were carried over the line.

Earh' in 1854, it became known that the com-
pany had contracted for a lot of rolling stock from
eastern manufacturers, and on Saturday, March
25th, 1854, a mass meeting was held at Nevitt &
Dixon's Hall, to protest against this action of the
company. A very lengthy series of resolutions
were adopted, condemning the President of the
company, whose action was characterized as dis-
honorable in the highest degree, and the Direct-
ors were urged to solicit his resignation. Numer-
ous speeches were made, and C. W. Potwin, Jo-
seph Galligher, George A. Jones, William H.
Ball, David Applegate, and J. Cooper were
appointed a committee to prepare an address to
the stock-holders. The Zanesville City Council
discussed the subject, and the excitement was in-
tense against the compan3^ The newspapers
were filled with editorials and contributed matter,
and some cultivated the muses bv writing verses
upon the all-absorbing theme. The President
replied to the charges, and vindicated himself
from the aspersions cast upon him — at least, in
the opinion of a majorit}' of the stock-holders of
the cornpany , if not in that of the citizens of Zanes-
ville.

On Wednesday, April 5th, 1854, '^he first freight
hauled over the line east of Zanesville, arrived at
this cit}' at 4 o'clock, p. m., and consisted of the
goods of T. W. Peacock, Esq., President of the
P., M. & C. Railroad Company, en route to
McConnellsville.

Thursday, April 27th, 1854, the opening of the
road to Cambridge was celebrated ; the depot
grounds at Zanesville were filled, at an earlj'
hour, with crowds of people from home and
abroad. The two Zanesville military companies
— the City Guards and Greens — marched to the
cars in full uniform, to the stirring notes of
martial music, and the National colors at their
head.

About 8:30, A. M., the locomotive, John
Bradley, started with the train, and arrived at
Cambridge in safety and on good time, where the
excursionists were met with a crowd, if anything,
more dense than the one they had left at home.
It was with the greatest difficulty that sufficient
space could be secured for the military to form,
but it was successfully accomplished, and a pro-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

263

cession formed, the military leading, and citizens
in the rear. Speeclies were made at the court,
house, and dinner served to the visitors. The
hour set for the return of the train was 4 130 p.
M., and the military, presuming themselves se-
cure, were tardy in re-forming, so that when
they arrived at the brow of the hill at the depot,
they espied the train on its return, at a distance.
There was no remedy but to remain Cambridge's
guests until the following morning, when they
were brought to their homes by that ancient
model of a conductor, Frank J. Terry, Esq.

On Wednesday, June 7th, 1854, ^^^ road was
opened for business to Cambridge, and on No-
vember 1st, succeeding, the first train of cars
was run through from Columbus to Bellaire.

June 19th, 1857, a contract was entered into
with the Steubenville and Indiana Railroad
Company to carry all the traffic that road would
bring, at Columbus or Newark, over the road
between these points, with the same dispatch
and care that the Central Ohio Company's busi-
ness was done, and divide with that company
the proceeds of such service, in proportion to the
miles run over each road.

During the year 1858, a telegraph line was
built, at a cost of $2,026.28.

The company having become very much em-
barrassed and unable to meet its obligations, on
April 2ist, 1858, suit was brought in the Circuit
Court of the United States, for the Southern Dis-
trict of Ohio, by the Trustee under one of the
mortgages, for the purchase of the mortgage
and sale of the road. On May ist, following,
the court placed the road in the hands of Hon.
J. Jewett, as Receiver, to be operated for the
benefit of parties interested. In his report for
the fiscal year, ' 1860-61, Mr. Jewett says:
"This line has suffered more, perhaps, in its
ordinarv business, from the unhappy state of
things in this country, than any one west of the
Ohio river. Its main dependence for a through
business, to and from the east, the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad, has, for some months past, been
wholly disabled. Until that I'oad is again able
to resume business, this cannot expect to regain
the position and character of a through route,
which it had enjoyed previous to the obstructions
which have been interposed to the working and
operating of that road."

On March 14th, 1864, the undivided one-half
of the thirty-three miles of road, between New-
ark and Columbus, was sold to the Steubenville
& Indiana Railroad Company, and on August
31st, 1864, the deed for the same was executed.

A plan for the reorganization, and capitaliza-
tion of the stock and debt, of the Central Ohio
Railroad, having been agreed upon, in pursuance
of orders of the court, a sale of the road was
made March 28th, 1865, to certain Trustees, for
the benefit of the parties in interest. On Novem-
ber 1st, 1865, the Central Ohio Railroad Com-
pany, as reorganized, was formed. To it the
old company conveyed its right and franchises
on November 8th, and on January 29th, 1866,

the new company was placed in possession of
the property, by order of the court.

November 2 1st, 1866, at a meeting of the stock-
holders, the lease of the road to the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad Company was concurred in by
a vote of 43,213 shares, none against, and on
December ist, 1866, the Baltimore & Ohio Com-
pany began operating the road, as its Central
Ohio Division. This lease was subsequently mod-
ified, February 13th, 1869, and under the man-
agement of the lessee, the road has been mater-
ially improved. Its rolling stock has been
increased ; wooden culveits have been replaced
with stone ones, and iron bridges are being sub-
stituted for the original wooden structures ; neat
and commodious passenger and ware-house ac-
commodations have been provided, at the now
important points ; steel rails and the improved
iron splice have taken the place of the old iron
rail and chair, or wooden block, and, in its
present condition, the Central Ohio Railroad is
one of the best equipped and most safely con-
ducted roads in the Union.

Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Rail-
road.— On February 4th, 185 1, the Cincin-
nati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Com-
pany was chartered, with power to construct a
railroad from Cincinnati, via Wilmington,
Washington, Circleville and Lancaster, to Zanes-
ville, and, under ihis authority, a railroad was
built from Zanesville to Morrow, in Warren
county, a distance of 132 miles, where it con-
nects with the Little Miami Railroad.

The stock subscriptions, and a large amount
derived from the sales of first, second and third
mortgage bonds, were expended in the construc-
tion and equipment of the road, and the com-
pany being unable to compl}- with the conditions
of the mortgage, which had been given to secure
the bonds, the Trustees under them, b}- bill in
chancery, prosecuted, February 22d, 1857, in
the Circuit Court of the United States, for the
Southern District of Ohio, which resulted in a
decree being made on March 3d, 1857, appoint-
ing a Receiver in the case, with authority to take
possession of the road and property, and operate
the road for the interest of all parties concerned.

Under this, and subsequent orders of the court,
the Receiver continued to operate the road until
a plan of reorganization was perfected, under
which, by decree, June loth, 1863, the court or-
dered the mortgaged premises, including^ the
franchises of the company, to be sold, such sale
to free the same from all debts and liabilities.
In pursuance of these proceedings, a sale was
made, August 27th, 1863, to Charles Moran, in
trust for such creditoi-s and stock-holders as
should reorganize as a body corporate, to run
and carry on the railroad under the charter.
October 17th, 1863, the court confirmed the sale,
and directed the Receiver to make the convey-
ance to the Trustee.

On March loth, 1864, the parties interested in
the purchase, met at Cincinnati, and organized
the Cincinnati & Zanesville Railroad Company,
under the franchises of the Cincinnati, Wilming-

264

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ton and Zanesville Company, £>nd to it, March
1 2th, 1864, Charles Moran, Trustee, deeded
pi^operty held by him in trust.

Doubts having existed whether the franchise
of the oinginal companj^ was well vested in the
new company, the Director of the former formally
conveyed the same to the re-organized com-
pany.

The new company issued new bonds and new
stock, and failing in the payment of its indebted-
ness, a bill was filed by the Trustee, under the
new mortgage against the company, April 30,
1869, for the foreclosure of mortgage and sale of
the road ; October 6, 1869, the Court fixed a time
for payment, and in default, directed the road to
be sold, the company having failed to make pa}'-
ment ; on October 16, 1869, an order of sale was
issued, arid on December i, 1869, Thomas L.
Jewett purchased the mortgaiged premises, prop-
erty, franchises, etc., for $1,400,000, which pur-
chase was confirmed by the Court the succeeding
day, and the property ordered to be deeded to
him.

Mr. Jewett operated the road in his individual
capacity until September i, 1870, when the Cin-
cinnati & Muskingum Valley Railway Company
came into possession of the road, which company
continued to operate it until May i, 1873, when
-it passed into the hands of the Pittsburgh, Cin-
cinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, under
lease for ninety-nine years from January i, 1873,
and is operated as the Cincinnati & Muskingum
Valley Division.

The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Com-
pany constructed the "Dresden Extension."

Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Rail-
way— The Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Com-
pany was chartered February 24, 1848, by the
Legislature of Ohio, with authority to construct
a railroad from Steubenville, via. Mt. Vernon, to
the Indiana State line. March 12, 1849, ^^^
charter was amended, permitting the construc-
tion of a branch road from Coshocton, via. New-
ark, to Columbus, provided that any company
thereafter constructing a road from the Ohio
river, opposite Wheeling, by specified routes,
should have the right to connect such road with
the Steubenville & Indiana Company, at am-
point in the valley of the Tuscarawas river.
Permission and authority were also given, with
the consent of the Virginia Legislature, to bridge
the "Ohio at Steubenville, to connect with eastern
roads, said bridge not to obstruct navigation.

Under these, and other amendatory acts, the
road was constructed from Steubenville to New-
ark, 117 square miles, but the company becom-
ing unable to meet its liabilities, September 2,
1859, suit was brought in the Harrison County
Common Pleas Court for the foreclosure of mort-
gages, and sale of the road. The Court appoint-
ed Thomas L. Jewett, President of the company.
Receiver, and the road was operated by him, un-
der direction of the Court.

A plan for the adjustment of the liabilities and
re-organization of the company having been per-
fected, an order was issued by the Court, Janu-

ary 6, 1864, directing a sale of the entire prop-
erty and road of the company, lying between
Steubenville and Newark, and on February 27,
1864, J. Edgar Thomson, H. M. Alexander and
George W. McCook, purchased it for certain
mortgage creditors, for $1,908,889. This sale the
Court did not confirm, and the road continued to
be operated by the Receiver.

The Court having approved of the project to
purchase one-half interest in the thirty-three
miles of road owned by the Central Ohio Com-
pany, between Newark and Columbus, that out-
let was secured.

March 24, 1849, ^^^ Legislature of Pennsyl-
vania chartered the Pittsburgh & Steubenville
Railroad Company, and on December 30, 1857,
it entered into an agreement with the Western
Transportation Company, of Pennsylvania, to
construct a single track railroad between Pitts-
burgh and Steubenville, and equip and operate
the same for twenty years ; on March 6, i867,this
road was sold under first mortgage, and the Pan-
Handle Railway Companj' was incorporated to
operate this line.

On March 30, i860, the Virginia Legislature
incorporated the Halliday's Cove Railroad Com-
pany, with valuable franchises between Pitts-
burgh and Steubenville.

On October i, 1865, an agreement was made
between the Steubenville & Indiana, Halliday's
Cove, and the Pittsburgh & Steubenville roads,
lo operate the three lines, extending from Colum-
bus, Ohio, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under
the name of the Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cincin-
nati Railroad.

March 17, 1868, the Pan-Handle, Halliday's
Cove, and Steubenville & Indiana companies
made another agreement for a consolidation ; the
stockholders of the several lines having ratified
the agreement, and the proper legal steps hav-
ing been taken to perfect the consolidation, the
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway
Compan}' came into existence, aiid subsequently
absorbed the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley
road.

Zanesville & Southeastern Railway. —
The subscribers to the stock of this railway had
a meeting at their room, over McCann Bros. &
Hazlett's, October 24, 1881. The meeting was
called to order b}' Mr. James Herdman. Mr. F..
J. L. Blandy was elected Chairman, and John
Hoge, Esq., Secretary. By-laws and rules pre-
scribed by Col. Churchill were adopted, and then
the meeting proceeded to the election of Direc-
tors, with the following result: M. Churchill,.
James Herdman, Francis Wedge, W. A. Gra-
ham, J. W. Pinkerton, George M. Jewett, John
Whitney and Oliver Tucker, being elected.

Meeting of the Directors. — The first regular
meeting of the Directors of the Zanesville &
Southeastern Railway was held at their rooms,,
at 7 o'clock of the day of organization. Present
— Messrs. M. Churchill, James Herdman, W.
A. Graham, Francis Wedge, J. W. Pinkerton,
John Hoge, and John Whitney, of Morgan coun-
ty. The Board organized by the election of

Where sylvan paths wind gracefully,

And streamlets constant flow,
Below yon'd castle's towering heights

Behold rich pastures grow.
In nature's rural garden,

'Midst rocks, on plains, in dells.
Are gathered fragrant plants and herbs

God sent to serve so well.

Not that the few, but all men,

Such blessings great, might share,
•Selected and compounded

With a physician's care.
If Schoene's Pain Destroyer, then,

Is sought for and secured,
A balm 'twill prove for every ill

By human kind endured.

Amid the prosy pursuits of the historian few
opportunities afford him equal pleasure to the
privilege of reviewing something of the lives, the
associations, the peculiarities and achievements of
men who have worthily earned honored distinction
on the scroll of fame, particularly as benefactors of
the human family at large. In this relation
it offers us pleasure to recognize the name of Dr.
H. Schoene, of Zanesville, Ohio, who, together
with his estimable son, J. Z. Schoene, under the
firm style of Dr. H. Schoene & Son, are exten-
sively engaged in the manufacture and circulation
of a marvelous panacea for almost every ailment
in life, and extensively known as Dr. Schoene's
Invaluable Vegetable Pain Destroyer, the Great
Ohio Liniment and Anti-Dyspeptic. The Doctor,
as his name infers, is a native of Germany, where
he received a liberal education, espousing citizen-
ship under the " glorious stars and stripes " in
1849. Ever having been an apt scholar and dili-
gent student in the pursuit of botany, coupled
with the scientific application of Esculapius' art,

he has perfected an absolute miracle in the grand
remedy referred to. For over thirty-five years has
his Great Vegetable Pain Destroyer been before
the public, and to-day stands a veritable panacea
for every human ill.

The Doctor is remarkably retired and unassum-
ing in private life, being a great reader and close
student in nature's broad garden. To this may be
largely ascribed the wonderful success of his great
remedy, particularly as he assumes no active pro-
fessional practice outside the manufacture of his
specialty preparations. He also has an exten-
sive sale for his Sure and Safe Cure for Worms, as
also Dr. Schoene's Anti-Bilious and Liver Pills,
the whole of which preparations are put up with
a scrupulous care and neatness absolutely un-
equaled by any other reliable standard prepara-
tions in America. The greatest feature with Dr.
Schoene's preparations is the fact that they have
never required the backing of capital, or yet been
dependent upon advertising for notoriety, but in
long years past have won their own renown, and
engrafted themselves so thoroughly into public
confidence that the demand for them, in this day,
actually taxes his energies to the utmost to keep
pace with the increasing demand. In comparative
humble, rural seclusion, he conducts his -"tudies,
researches, and the functions of his laboratory,
with the great God of Nature for his sole guide
and instructor, while Providence seems to boun-
tifully bless his labors. Well may the human
family accord to him such universal confidence,
and his preparations such bountiful patronage, as
from past and present indications they are yet
destined to a National reputation second to no
other specifics ever yet introduced to the public.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

265

Col. M. Churchill, President; James Herdman,
Vice President ; W. A. 'Graham, Treasurer;
John Hoge, Secretary.

After the discussion of some private business,
it was agreed that the different townships along
the line must come up with their respective
amounts in donations and subscriptions before
any positive steps would be taken to build the road.
The meeting then adjourned,subjecttothe call of
the President.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

agriculture and horticulture.

muskingum county agricultural society

first exhibition ohio state fair the

officers of the association eastern

muskingum agricultural society pomol-
ogy the muskingum county horticul-
tural society.

The Muskingum County Agricultural
Society. — This Society was organized January
21, 1848, under an Act of the Legislature "for
the encouragement of agriculture, passed Feb-
ruary 28, 1846.

The first officers were :

President — Cornelius Springer, of Springfield
township.

Vice President — George W. Gibbons, of
Wayne township.

Treasurer — ^James L. Cox, of Zanesville.

Secretary — Uriah Park, of Zanesville.

The Board of Managers, acting in conjunction
with these officei"s, were: Caleb Hall,' of Blue
Rock township ; Matthew Gillespie, of Spring-
field township; Philo Buckingham, of Wayne
township ; Benjamin Wheeler, of Zanesville ;
Isaac Dillon, of Fall township ; all of whom are
dead.

The first formal exhibition, or fair, under the
auspices of this society, was held in the autumn
of 1848, although informal exhibitions of the
agricultural interests of the county, were held
in two or thi'ee preceding years. There are no
records in possession of the present officers of
the society of its proceedings from the time ot
organization, until 1865. In that year, James
Buckingham was President, Valentine Best
was Treasurer and F. A. Seborn was Secretary.

The first exhibition of the society was held in
the old Market House. The first fair grounds
were situated in Springfield township, on what is
now known as Luck avenue, and comprised
about twenty acres of ground, the same now
owned by Howard Stan berry. These grounds,
proving too small, were sold, and the present
beautiful and commodious tract, situate about a
half mile south of the former site, on the old
Cooper Mill road, was purchased, and the
necessary buildings erected.

The Ohio State Fair was held on these grounds
in the fall of 1859.

During the war of the Rebellion, the fairs
were discontinued several years, and the fair

grounds made a military camp, designated
" Camp Goddard," in honor of General Charles
B. Goddard. December 23, 1865, the Board of
Directors organized and elected the following
officers :

President — Valentine Best.

Vice President — W. P. Imlay.

Treasure!" — James Buckingham.

Secretary — Frederick A. Seborn.

From this date, the society has held regular
annual fairs. In December, 1866, the Board of
Directors elected the following officers :

President — Henry Blandy.

Vice President — A. C. Howard.

Treasurer — James Buckingham.

Secretary — F. A, Seborn.

In 1867, these officers were re-elected, except-
ing the President, to which place Valentine Best
was chosen.

In September, 1869, the following officers
were elected :

President — V. Best.

Vice President — B. F. Leslie.

Treasurer — ^Jeff'. Van Home.

Secretary — E. W. Allen.

F. A. Seborn served as Secretary continuously
'more than ten years, and to him, more than to
any other man, is due the prosperity of the
society. He originated the present method of
book-keeping, which was adopted by the societj^

In 1 87 1, the following officers were elected :

President — John M. Lane.

Vice President — ^James Colvin.

Treasurer — ^Jeff". Van Home.

Secretary — A. W. Train.

In 1872, the officers were :

Pi"esident — ^John M. Lane.

Vice President — Thomas McLees.

Treasurer — Leroy Robinson.

Secretary — Frank H. Southard.

In 1873, the ofl[icers were :

President — John M. Lane.

Vice President — J. B. Tannehill.

Treasurer — George Poundstone.

Secretary — Frank H. Southard.

In 1874, the officers were continued, except
that T. F. Spangler was chosen Secretary.

From 1874 to 1881, the officers remained the
same, except the Treasurer, Mr. Poundstone, who
declined to serve, and Charles Gorsuch was
elected in 1876.

At the meeting of the Directors in January,
1881, the President, John M. Lane, whose term
extended into 1882, announced his intention of
resigning his position in the Board, and his
office as President (which he had filled for ten
years), giving as his reason for so doing, that
age precluded that active interest in the affairs
of the society that he deemed necessary.

The society accepted his resignation, amid ex-
pressions of sincere regret.

Mr. Lane was largely instrumental in clear-
ing off" the heavy indebtedness of the society ;
and during his administration, the fair grounds
were very greatly improved, and he left the so-
ciety in the ownership of most excellent fair

266

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

grounds, embracing about forty-three acres of
land, said to be worth from fifteen to twenty
thousand dollars.

The officers for 1881, are :

President — James B. Tannehill.

Vice President — Benjamin F. Leslie.

Treasurer — Charles Gorsuch.

Secretary — T. F. Spangler.

The first premium list of the society amounted
to four hundred dollars. The list of premiums
for 1881, aggregated nearly three thousand dol-
lars. The premiums being increased, the society
has prospered.

At the annual election of five members of the
Board, September 8th, 1881, during the fair, the
Directors whose terms expire in 1881, were re-
elected by handsome majorities.

The Directors re-elected were : J. B. Tanne-
hill, T. J. Spangler, H. C, Chappelear, J. B,
Milhons.

The Eastern Muskingum Agricultural
Society. — This Society was organized the 7th
of August, 1880, and elected the following per-
sons as officers :

President— G. H. Miller.

Secretary — M. L. Cherry.

Corresponding Secretary — J. P. Kelly.

Treasurer — L. D. Stoner.

And the following Board of Directors :

President — James Perkins.

Secretary — ^J. L. Geyer.

Marshals of the Association — W. J. Mason,
J. Cline, T. Stewart, Joseph White, Thomas
Marshall and Jesse Wortman.

The first fair was given September 29, 1880,
on grounds near Norwich, owned by L. D.
Stoner, and was well attended. The receipts
were near four hundred dollars, and the society
had a surplus of eighty-nine dollars in the
Treasury, after paying all expenses.

April 23d, 1881, the society formed a stock
company, for the ensuing five years, the mem-
bership paying ten dollars each, for the pur-
poses named. The company organized with
sixty-five members, and elected the following
officers :

President— G. H. Miller.

Secretary — J. L. Geyer.

Treasurer — L. D. Stoner.

And. a Board of Directors as follows: J.
Vs^hite, T. Stewart, D. Hadden, W. P. Self,
James Geyer, Jr., R. Buchanan and Alfred
Wymer.

This organization leased grounds of L. D.
Stoner, and propose erecting permanent build-
ings thereon, for the purpose of holding annual
fairs.

Pomology AND the Muskingum County Hor-
ticultural Society [by John Gilbert]. — A
century ago, one looking over the grand old for-
ests of Eastern and Central Ohio, would scarcely
have thought of fruit as a feature of the landscape.
Once this land had been occupied by the semi^
nomadic mound builders. They, it might have
been supposed, would have ornamented those

mounds, we see around us, with some fruit-bear-
ing tree or vine, new to the region. They died
and left no such sign. Pomona had planted a
few grape and strawberry vines, and where she
could find room had cultivated a few papaws, and
had been quite generous in the distribution of
nuts and blackberries, and the supply was often
beyond the demand, since the squirrels and birds,
and a few wandering red men, were the only cus-
tomers.

Old Time yawned lazily under the great trees,
scarcely noting the eventful days as thej- expand-
ed into weeks, months, years, and ages, but
about a hundred years ago, a sharp, ringing
sound, an unknown voice, came echoing through
the forest strongholds, which startled him as with
an electric touch, and he knew instinctively that
a revolution was at hand. The white man had
come. He carried a rifle — an insignificant toy —
but the deadl}^ weapon, whose voice awakened
Old Tirtie, and sent a despairing shiver through
the heart of the huge trunk of the lordl}- oak, was
this invader's pitiless axe. The fire, another
agency almost as destructive, was engaged as an
ally, and blackened patches appeared in the
woodland, in which sprang up rude cabins, shade-
less and grim as the stumps about them. These
clearings, ever widening as they steadily en-
croached upon the forest domain, grew gradually
softer in their features. They bore corn and veg-
etables, and supported life of man and beast ; but
it was a homeh^ and prosaic life. Fruit — Po-
mona's generous gift, the poetry of food — was
lacking.

An eccentric philanthropist, a Santa Claus in
buckskins — they called him "Johnny Appleseed"
— following the forest trails, sought out the little
homesteads in Muskingum and adjoining coun-
ties. The pioneer, dimlj- guessing at the value
of the precious seeds he gave them, planted them
in the rich virgin soil, and ere long the prospec-
tive Edens had something to tempt the youthful
Eves and Adams of those primitive da^'s.

These forest openings expanded and began to
touch each other. Isolated life was passing away.
People reached out and grasped the hands of
neighbors, and there were common interests ; the
social instinct asserted itself. They coveted fruit
and flowers. The horticulturist is bj- act, and
should be by intuition, a philanthropist, as well
as a utilitarian, with thought of pleasing his
friends, as well as himself; even if he begin with
a selfish end in view, his occupation and experi-
ence will develop generosity, if there is a spark
of manliness in his nature. These nobler in-
stincts led to consultations and plans, and mutu-
al assistance for the introduction of more and bet-
ter fruit, and, naturally enough, the acquisition
of the apple orchard was the first thought. There
was abundant room for large ones, for the old al-
lies, the axe and the fire, had never ceased from
their warfare. The grand old forests dwindled
into isolated groves, and seemed not onlj' likely
to be annihilated, but considered as a myth of le-
gendary days. Population began to crowd against
itself, even in rural life. Individual enterprises.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

267

with better facilities than of old, were introducing
new varieties of fruit. The delicate peach ac-
cepted their invitation, with modest timidity, and,
for her charming grace, was crowned queen of
summer fruits. Some aristocratic strawberrj"^
families, after traveling abroad "and graduating
in eastern pomological universities, came back,
to put to shame by their magnificence, the simple
charms of their rustic cousins at home. The ac-
complished French pears came over the seas
and banished, by their courtly presence, the boor-
ish roughs of the backwoods varieties. The grape
fraternity, by immigration and mutual improve-
ment association, became refined in horticultural
morals. The great apple family, with a record
coeval with the advent of humanity, reformed
their habits, and have ceased to tempt mankind
to their ruin.

Pomona was amazed at the diversity of feature
and disposition of her numerous children, and in
ecstacies over their varied accomplishments. She
found homes in Muskingum county for every va-
riety of fruit that can be grown in the temperate
zone. Some are nestling on sunny hillsides, and
in the warm valleys ; many more prefer the free
air of the hill-tops, while some indolent spring-
sleepers choose northern exposures for a home.
The diversified scenery affords a choice for all.

Agriculture has, indeed, its poetic side. The
fruit raiser is an actor in a perpetual romance.
From the time of the exuberant blossoming of
trees and vines, to the development and consum-
mation of fruitage, he dwells in an elysium of
beauty, fragrance, and luxury. It is not strange,
therefore, that horticulture became fascinating —
drawing to itself the best and most generous of
the agriculturists. Although its practical work-
ing became complicated, as the vast array of fruit
varieties demanded recognition, and admission
into the best circles of pomological society. Cau-
tion became necessary, to guard against the ad-
mission of vagabond adventurers, as well as to
encourage respectable fruit families to settle.
Thoughtful people saw the advantage of mutual
help in welcoming friends and keeping out in-
truders. Such aid, to be permanently useful,
needs organization ; hence, it was determined to
form a "horticultural society." We will look in
upon one of their meetings on a summer day.
The host greets us with cordial welcome ; the
scene is festive. Beneath the great shade trees,
on chairs, benches, and rustic seats, we meet the
reverend sire, the stately matron, the middle-aged
manliness, and youth in vigor, graceful maiden-
hood, and happy childhood. In the centre of this
joyous throng is Pomona's shrine. The tables
-groan with offerings. The finest of all the fruits
are there, and, as if conscious objects of admira-
tion, they look their best, in honor of their re-
spective donors, and in emulation of each other.
The president is affable, everybody is genial, and
we are with friends. All questions relating to
fruit raising, the best varieties, the adaptability of
soil and climate, the dangers from insects, frost
and drouth, are, from time to time, thoroughly
discussed. One may learn much of the art of

husbandry, as well as fruit. Meanwhile there are
croquet parties, and young people find pleasant
walks in shady groves, in orchards and gardens
— we need not think they waste time — good hus-
bandry may come of that, too ! In due time the
great picnic feast is spread ; offerings of fruit are
made, and there is no lack of tempting viands.
The envious sun now seems in haste to leave us,
and, unless we wish to linger with those who will
prolong the festivities into the night, the time to
part has come.

Among those who have given attention to fruit
growing in "ye olden time" were John Mcln-
tire, John Mathews, Isaac Van Home, John
Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon,
Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, and Rev. C.
Springer. Of the present day, Thomas McLees,
C. Hall, Levi Scott, N. F. Claypool, James
Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John Granger, and
Henry Gray.

The Muskingum County Horticultural Society
was organized about seventeen years ago, by
Messrs. Imlay, Graham, G. W. Townsend, J.
Jacobs Moore, Dr. Hildreth and others. Mr.
Imlay was the first President ; G. W. Townsend,
the first Secretary.

CHAPTER XXIX.

GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON MUSKINGUM COUNTY.

By E. B. ANDREWS, Assistant State Gbolosist.

WAVERLY CONGLOMERATES AT BLACK HAND

THE STRATA OF COAL MEASURES AT HIGH HILL,
MEIGS TOWNSHIP, AND IN THE VALLEY OF JON-
ATHAN'S CREEK NO WIDE MARKED CONGLOM-
ERATE AT THE BASE OF THE COAL MEASURES
IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY — ^A GREATER OR LESS
DEVELOPMENT OF NEARLY EVERY COAL SEAM
IN THE SECOND GEOLOGICAL DISTRICT FOUND
IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY A SEAM OF COAL UN-
DER PUTNAM. HILL PUTNAM HILL LIMESTONE

FOUND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY COAL SEAM

IN BRUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP FOUR FEET THICK

THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF LIMESTONE IN NEW-
TONVILLE ANd VICINITY FOSSILIFEROUS LIME-
STONE IN NEWTON TOWNSHIP MUSKINGUM

COUNTY MUCH BETTER SUPPLIED WITH LIME-
STONE THAN MANY COUNTIES OF THE STATE

IRON ORE OF EXCELLENT QUALITY DRIFT TER-
RACES ALONG THE BANKS OF THE MUSKINGUM

GEOLOGICAL SECTION NEAR THE FORKS OF MILL
RUN IN THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF ZANESVILLE
ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE ON SLAGO's RUN — GEO-
LOGICAL SECTION ON THE ADAMSVILLE ROAD

ALSO ON PUTNAM HILL SIDERITE ORE FROM

IVES' RUN, ZANESVILLE OBSERVATIONS OF

GEOLOGISTS DRIFT THE TERRACES IN THE

OLDEN TIME COAL FORMATION THE PRODUC-
TIVE COAL MEASURES THE MANUFACTURE OF

IRON THE PROCESS OF MAKING STEEL.

The subjoined report is by E. B. Andrews, As-
sistant Geologist. Chapter XII., Vol. i. Page
314, et seq. Geological survey of Ohio, 1873.

268

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

"Only that part of the county which lies south of
the Central Ohio railroad, belongs to the Sec-
ond Geological District."

In many respects, this county is one of the
most interesting in the district to the geologist.
It presents a greater vertical range of strata than
any other county. As we descend the valley of
the Licking river, from Licking county, we find
the Waverly sandstone group dipping but slight-
ly to the southeast, probably not more than ten
or -twelve feet per mile, and, as a consequence of
this slight dip, we find the upper member of the
group which overlies the Waverly conglomerate,
seen at Black Hand, extending to the neighbor-
hood of Pleasant Valley, before it passes beneath
the surface. Upon the Logan, or Upper Waver-
ly, rest the proper coal measures, which, from
that point, extend to the eastern line of the coun-
ty beyond. By careful measurements, we find,
as we climb higher and higher in the series, that
on reaching the top of High Hill, in Meigs town-
ship, we have sui-mounted one thousand and'
ninety feet of the strata of the coal measures.
Another interesting fact is revealed in the valley
of Jonathan's Creek, in the township of Newton,
in the existence of Newton\'ille limestone, which
lies at the base of the coal measures. The New-
tonville limestone is the equivalent of the Max-
ville limestone, found at Maxville, in the south-
western part of Perry county. It is always found
resting upon the Logan or Upper Waverly, or in
close proximity to it. The dip of the strata from
the western edge of the coalfield, in western Per-
ry county, is so slight that even the very base of
the measures has not been carried down below
drainage in the deep Jonathan Creek Valley.
East of the Muskingum river, the dip is greater,
as seen in the coal mines. But not far from the
east line of Muskingum count}' we find, " in
places, evidence of a reversed dip. If we follow
the line of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley
Railroad from the west, we find at Bremen, the
Logan, or Upper Waverly strata, at the base of
all the hills, while at the tunnel, east of New
Lexington, we are several hundred feet up in the
coal measures. From the east, in the low valley
of the Moxahala, we find between the railroad
and Newlonville, the Newtonville limestone,
which rests upon the Upper WaverlJ^ We thus
pass upon the Upper Waverly over several hun-
dred feet of coal measures, and down to the Wa-
verly again. The Newtonville limestone is one
of the most interesting deposits in the State. It
contains many characteristic fossils, by which its
equivalenc}' with the lower carboniferous lime-
stone of the west has been determined. , Prof.
Meek, who has studied the fossils, regarded
them as those characterizing the Chester and St.
Louis groups, of Illinois and Missouri.

There is not found, generally, any wide mark-
ed conglomerate at the base of the coal measures
in Muskingum county. The conglomerate at
Black Hand, which was formerly regarded as a
coal measures conglomerate, proves to belong to
the Waverly formation, as has been shown in
former reports. This Waveiiy conglomerate is a

well marked sub-division of the Waverly group,
and has a wide extent.

In Muskingum, county, we find, in a greater or
less development, nearly every leading cpal seam
in the Second Geological District. Many seams,
thick elsewhere," are very thin here, and in one or
two instances we find seams, thin elsewhere, un-
usually thick here. This continuity of seams in
the same geological horizons, shows how wide-
spread were the coal-producing marshes. The
lowest coal seams, of which there are three in
Jackson county, of great purity and value, are
represented in Muskingum county, only by the
merest traces of coal. No seam of coal of much
value is found until we rise in the upward series
to the vicinity of the Putnam Hill limestone, un-
der which is a seam of coal, generally thin, and
often wanting altogether, but sometimes increas-
ing to a good workable thickness. This is Mr.
Porter's coal, in Hopewell township.

Putnam Hill limestone is everywhere found in
the county at its proper geological horizon, and
is an excellent geological guide in finding the po-
sitions of strata above and below it.

The next seam of coal above the Putnam Hill
limestone, thick enough for working, is what is,
in Perry county, termed the lower New Lexing-
ton seam. * * The upper New Lexington coal
seam is the equivalent of the Nelsonville seam,
and of the great seam at Straitsville, and in the
Upper Sunday Creek Valley, having in its wide
extent through southern Ohio, various fortunes
of thickness and quality. Both the upper and
lower New Lexington seams are mined near
Zanesville.

Higher up, we find only traces of the Norris, or
Middle seam, of the Sunday Creek Valley.
Above this, we have, in the Alexander coal, the
representative of a seam widely spread. The
Alexander coal is in some places over six feet
thick. In Brush Creek township, there is a
seam seventy feet above the Alexander seam,
which is reported to be four feet thick. In other
counties a seam is found on this horizon, but it
was not found elsewhere in Muskingum county.
About fifty feet higher, or 120 feet above the
Alexander seam, is a well defined coal seam,
ever holding its true place in the series, but it is
generally quite thin. This seam is found in
Guernsey county, but not in Morgan. About
forty-five feet higher is another seam thick
enough to warrant mining for local use, a seam
found in several counties, but generally quite
thin. This is twenty-five or thirty feet below the
wide-spread fossiliferous limestone, which I have
called the Ames limestone, from Ames township,
Athens county, where it is developed, and was
first described by Dr. Hildreth, in the old Geolog-
ical Reports. This limestone is about 140 feet
below the Pomeroy seam of coal. The Pomeroy
seam is thin in the southern part of Muskingum
county, but it is generally seen in its horizon-.
This seam is to be traced to Gallia county on the
southwest, and to Bellaire and Wheeling on the
east, and the Pennsylvania geologists have
traced it to Pittsburgh, and identified it with the

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

269

Pittsburghand Youghiogheny seam. In western
Pennsylvania, several hundred feet of strata
below the Pittsburgh seam, are destitute of coal
seams of practical value, and hence are called
the barren coal measures. In Ohio, at least the
Second Geological District, we find more or less
coal in this interval. The Nelsonville, or Straits-
ville seam, is 420 feet below the Pittsburgh seam,
and we often find two and three valuable seams
above the Nelsonville one.

About thirty feet above the Pomeroy coal, are
traces in Muskingum county ' of another coal
seam, which is seen in several counties, but with
frequent interruptions of continuity. Not far
from 100 feet above the Pomeroy seam, is another
of wide range, which I have called the Cumber-
land, from Cumberland, Guernsey county,
where it is the chief seam worked. The Cum-
berland seam I have traced through Athens,
Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Washington, Mon-
roe, Guernsey and Belmont counties, and it is a
seam of great importance. About 115 feet above
the Cumberland seam, is one of limited thick-
ness, but 'of reported good quality, found on
High Hill, in Meigs township, Muskingum"
county. This is the highest seam found in the
county, and is 945 feet above the top of the
Waverly formation.

Thus we have, in thicker or thinner develop-
ment, representation, within the limits of the
county, of nearly every important seam of coal
in the coal measures of southern Ohio. Of some
of these, as of the lower Jackson county coals,
we have only hints, but these hints are very sig-
nificant in showing the wide range of the ancient
coal-producing marshes. As each marsh, in
which the coal grew, skirted in the ancient
ocean, it held its range upon a water line. As
such marsh settled down below the ocean, sands
and mud were deposited over it, and a new sur-
face formed for a new marsh. The subsidence
being regular and uniform, these marshes form
seams of coal which show a natural and almost
necessary parallelism. * * * *

The largest deposit of limestone is that at
Newtonville and vicinity, which is the more in-
teresting because it is the finest representative in
Ohio of the great lower Carboniferous limestones
of Illinois and Missouri. There is a fossiliferous
limestone eighty feet above the Newtonville
■deposit in Newton township. This was mistaken
by one of my assistants in 1869, for the Putnam
Hill stratum, a mistake which has led to some
■confusion. The true Putnam Hill limestone is
.seventy-two feet higher. Both of these seams
are found at Zanesville, (Putnam Hill,) the lower
being in the bed of the Muskingum at the mouth
of the Licking river, and the upper in the Put-
nam Hill above the dug- way. In the eastern
part of the county are other limestone seams,
which are higher in the geological series. * *
* Some of these limestones are more soluble
under atmospheric agencies than others, hence
are more valuable in their fertilizing influence
upon soils. Muskingum county is much better
supplied with limestone than very many counties

of the State. The limestone of Putnam Hill
seam is used successfully in the blast furnaces at
Zanesville as a flux.

Iron ores, of excellent quality, are much more
abundant in this county than was formerly sup-
posed. These ores, with analysis of many, will
be noticed in the detailed examinations of the
townships.

The most interesting feature of the surface
geology of the county, is the system of drift
terraces along the banks of the Muskingum river,
the materials of which have been brought from
regions to the north. It is my opinion that
much the larger, part of the materials forming
these terraces came down the Muskingum, and
not down the Licking, but I may be mistaken in
this.

ZANESVILLE CORPORATION.

The following geological section was taken on
the land of J. Granger, near the forks of Mill
Run, in the corporate limits of Zanesville :

Feet. Inches.

1. Shale 6 0

2. Coal 2 4

3. Clay 0 1

4. Coal 0 5

5. Not exposed 27 0

6. Coal 4 0

7. Clay 4 0

8. Sandstone, quarried 30 0

9. Coal 2 0

10. Sandstone 4 0

11. Shale 10 0

12. Laminated sandstone 10 0

13. Shale 5 0

14. Putnam Hill limestone 2 6

15. Clay 2 0

16. Sandstone 12 0

On Slago's Run, near the brewery, the follow-
ing was taken :

Feet. Inches.

1. Putnam Hill limestone 2 0

2. Dark shale 2 0

3. Shale, lighter colored 9 0

4. Laminated sandstone 4 0

5. Shale 6 0

6. Sandstone 4 0

7. Blue shales, with nodules of siderite ore 12 0

8. Siderite ore 1 2

The following is an analysis of iron ore, on
Slago's Run, by Professor Wormley :

Specific gravity 2.571

Combined water 00.00

Silicious matter 10.00

Iron, sesqui oxide 13.32

Iron carbonate 55.44

Alumina 3.00

Manganese (Trace) '.

Phosphate of lime , 7.64

Carbonate of lime 7.59

Carbonate of magnesia 3.02

Sulphur 0.17

Total 99.89

Metallic iron 36.44

Phosphoric acid 3.50

•270

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The percentage of phosphoric acid is too large,
and must contaminate iron made from this ore.
An ore found on Marietta street, yielded only
12.56 per cent, of metallic iron.

The following geological section is found on
the Adamsville road, one-half or three-quarters
of a mile north of Mill Run :

Feet. Inches.

1. Sandstone 3 0

2. Coal blossom

■3. Shale 10 0

4. Finely laminated sandstone 10 0

■5. Heavy, crumbling sandstone 14 0

6. Compact, laminated sandstone 6 0

7. Coal blossom

8. Finely laminated sandstone 34 0

9. Shale 12 0

10. Coal 3 0

11. Not exposed 27 0

12. Coal '. 4 0

13. Not exposed 64 0

14. Putnam Hill limestone

A very careful section of Putnam Hill was
made by Mr. G. K. Gilbert, with measurements
as follows :

Feet. Indies.

1. Sandstone 4 0

2. BufF, sandy shale, with nodules of ore.. 8 0

3. Fire-clay 2 0

4. Coal 0 2

5. Clay 0 6

6. Coal 1 11

7. Under-clay 2 0

8. Buif, shaly sandstone 6 0

9. Buif shale, with nodules of iron ore... 8 0

10. Clay 2 0

11. Shale 6 0

12. Nodular limestone 2 0

13. Shale 20 0

14 Coal blossom

15. BufF, sandy shale, with nodules of ore.. 50 0

16. Putnam Hill limestone, fossiliferous... 2 0

17. Sandy, bituminous shale, fossiliferous. 2 0

18. Coal 0 10

19. Shale 8 0

20. Coal and slate 0 4

21. Under-clay 3 0

22. Fine-grained sandstone 4 0

23. Not exposed 16 0

24. Clay shale 12 0

25. Sandy shale 10 0

26. Clay shale 4 0

27. Sandstone 0 4

28. Shale 10 0

29. Siderite ore 0 4

30. Limestone, fossiliferous 0 4

31. Siderite ore 0 5

32. Limestone, fossiliferous 2 0

33. Shaly limestone, fossiliferous 0 8

34. Sandstone 4 0

35. Low water, Muskingum river

A sample of siderite ore, from Ives' Run,
Zanesville, gave the following result of analysis :

Specific gravity 3.250

Water 6.40

Silicious matter 23.28

L'on, sesqui oxide 14.58

Iron, carbonate 45 54

Alumina 0.40

Manganese; 0.50

Lime, phosphate 0.67

Lime, carbonate 5.16

Magnesia 2.80

Sulphur 0.50

Total 99.83

Metallic iron 32.19

Phosphoric acid 0.31

Sections have been made in a number of town-
ships, which will be found associated with their
history.

The observations of geologists have shown
that the materials which compose the earth's
crust form three distinct classes of rocks, the
igneous, sedimentary and metaraorphic. Of
these, the first class includes those that are the
direct product of fusion. These are divided into
two subordinate groups, volcanic and plutonic,
of which the first includes such as are produced
by volcanic eruption, lava in its different forms,
pummice, obsidian, trachite, etc. The second
class of igneous rocks, the plutonic, comprising
those massive rocky forms which are without dis-
tinct bedding, have apparendy been completelj'
fused, and yet were probably never brought to
the surface by volcanoes. Having consolidated
under great pressure, they are dense and com-
pact in structui-e, never exhibiting the porous
and incoherent condition which is so character-
istic of the purely volcanic rocks. The plutonic
rocks are granite in some of its varieties, svenite,
porphyry, and part but not all, of basalts, dior-
ites and dolerites (green stones.)

None of these igneous rocks are found in any
place within the State of Ohio, though they ex-
ist in vast quantities in the mining districts of the
West, and on the shores of Lake Superior.
From ,the latter region, numerous fragments
were brought to us during the Glacial period,
and they constitute a prominent feature in the
drift deposits that cover so large a part of our
State.

Drift. — After the valleys eroded as they now
exist, many of them were filled with what is
termed "drift" materials, which are chiefly
water worn pebbles and bowlders, sand, and
sometimes clays. The principal outspread of
the drift, is in the northwestern part of the dis-
trict in the Scioto Valley, and near the sources
of the Hocking and Licking rivers. In this
region, the surface of the earth is almost wholly
covered with superficial deposits, brought from
the north. Some of the materials are not found
within the State, but come from beyond the lakes.
Limestone bowlders and gravel show, from their

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

271

contained fossils and lithographic character, that
they originally came from the corniferous lime-
stone, a formation well developed in the northern
part of the State. All the streams which have
their sources within the great drift region of the
central and northern part of the State, have
carried down more or less of the drift materials,
and deposited them in sand bars and sandy flats.
These now constitute the well known terraces of
the Scioto, Hocking and Muskingum rivers.
The Ohio river is also bordered by these terraces,
the materials having been largely brought to it,
by its northern affluents. The tributaries to the
Ohio from the South, as the Little and Great Ken-
awhas, have no such terraces. The same is true
of all the smaller Ohio tributaries, such as Rac-
coon, Little Muskingum and Duck Creek, which
do not have their heads in the central drift region.

In the terraced drift we find two classes of
materials, the hard and the comparatively soft.
The former is composed of diorytes and grani-
toid forms, quartzites and other metamorphic
rocks, and the cherty portions of limestones.
The latter is made up of softer sandstones, slates
and bituminous coals. I have found small bowl-
-ders of fine grained Waverly sandstones, which,
for fineness of texture, and softness under the
chisel, arid perfection of color, I have never
seen surpassed. Their original home was in the
Waverly foi-mation, and not very far to the north,
for such is the softness of the material, that they
could not long have survived the friction of roll-
ing in currents of water, surrounded by harder
bowlders, much less the more wasting friction of
propulsion by glaciers, under enormous ice pres-
sure. We sometimes fipd similar soft material
only very slightly eroded.

In the large terrace" formed at the confluence
of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, on which
the town of Marietta is built, we often find large
quantities of pebbles of bituminous coal. Bushels
could sometimes be taken from a single spot, of
all sizes, from four inches in diameter downward.
Bituminous coal being soft and easily eroded,
the coal of these pebbles must have been torn
from its native seam at some point in our Ohio
coa) measures, but a short distance up the Mus-
kingum, probably not above Zanesville. It has
been estimated that the lumps of coal of medium
size, dropped into the Ohio river from steam-
boats and barges, are worn away to nothing in
rolling on the bottom, a distance of from fifty to
one hundred miles. Pebbles and bowlders of
Ohio coal measure sandstone are also often
found in the drift terraces on the Muskingum.
It will be remembered that this river holds its
course chiefly within the limits of the coal for-
mation.

The highest elevation on which I have found
drift bowlders is on the summit of Flint Ridge,
Licking county, which is 170 feet above the ad-
jacent valley. To this add fifty feet as the esti-
mated elevation of the base of the ridge abpve
Newark, and we have bowlders 220 feet above
Newark, and 374 above Zanesville, and 490
above Marietta, and 729 above Cincinnati.

The terraces in the olden time presented great
attractions to the Mound Builder race. We
everywhere find on thefn earth works, in the
form of mounds, elevated squares, walls and
ditches. Being dry and sandy, the surface could
be easily removed and accumulated in their
various structures. To the profound questions
of the ethnologist, who the mound builders were,
whence they came, and whither they went, we
can only reply that, they once lived here, here
cultivated the soil, here worshiped, perhaps with
the solemn rites of human sacrifice, here planned
and executed- mighty works of organized labor,
and then passed away. We find their temples,
and fortresses, and tombs.

Coal Formation. — It is probable that there
was a long period of repose and freedom from
those dynamic agencies of subsistence which de
press the crust of the earth, and after the depo
sition of the vast sandy flats now constituting
the Waverly strata. During this period, there
was doubtless more or less erosion of the sur
face, and it was brought into comparatively un-
even condition. Whether the thin beds of the
Maxville limestone were deposited before this
erosion took place, and so shared in it as now 'to
be left in isolated patches, or were deposited at
first in limited basins, is as yet undetermined.

Passing upward in the series, we reach the
Productive Coal measures. In places, however,
we find an intervening conglomerate.

The transition from the Waverlj' to the coal-
measures, shows an entire change in thelitholog-
ical character of the strata, and in the methods
of distribution of the sedimentary materials. The
Waverly materials were evidently derived from
some shore where there was great lithological
sameness, and they were spread with wonderful
evenness upon the ocean floor. This floor was
level to begin with, for it was formed by the even-
ly accumulated mass of semi-organic matter,
which now constitutes the great Ohio black slate,
or Huron shales. The materials of sand and clays
would not, of necessity, be evenly spread, be-
cause their accumulation so perfectly balanced
the general subsidence as to keep the incoming
materials always in shallow water, and hence,
just where the leveling power of the waves would
be the greatest.

The conglomerate is, in Jackson county, a ver}-
remarkable deposit of sand and pebbles. In some
places, it is over one hundred and thirtj' feet thick,
resting upon the Waverly, and, in a short dis-
tance, it is completely thinned out to nothing.
The pebbles are often a mass of white quartz, or
perfectly pure quartzite, sometimes with a diam-
eter of several inches. They tell a tale of rough
water and powerful currents. But such deposits
are local, and I find no proof whatever that a
conglomerate stratum constitutes the regular and
continuous floor on which the productive coal-
measures of the second district were laid. I find
in Ohio, many conglomerates in the coal-meas-
ures at different horizons, none, indeed, so coarse
as the one sometimes found resting on the Wa-
verly, but they all have a limited horizontal range.

272

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

They thin out and pass into finer sandstones,
and often into shales formed of fine sedimentary
mud. In the coal-mfeasures of the second dis-
trict, no sand rock, 'so far as I know, extends
through the whole line of the out-crop of the for-
mation. Both, conglomerates and finer grained
sandstones, are very uncei'tain in their horizontal
ranges. The same is true of the shales and clays.
We have almost all possible forms of sedimen-
tary materials, and in almost all possible condi-
tions of deposition. Hence, frequent changes
are to be met with along the same geological hori-
zon. The only strata showing continuity over
great horizontal spaces, are the coal seams, with
their under-clays, and. certain fossiliferous hme-
stones. The luifossiliferous lime-stones of the
productive coal-measures, which were deposited
as a calcareous mud, are of very limited horizon-
tal extent. The unusually tljick group of lime-
stones over the Wheeling coal, at Wheeling,West
Virginia, and at Bellaire, in Belmont county,
Ohio, are scarcely found further west in Muskin-
gum county, and to the southwest, in Meigs coun-
ty, they have no representative, whatever. We
may find lime-stones of this class, from ten to
thirty feet thick, in one place, and a few miles
away, in the same horizon, there is not a trace of
them to be found. They were formed of calca-
reous mud, and follow, in their distribution, the
same laws of distribution oi the other mud rocks
of the coal-measures. None of them were of deep
water origin, for they not only sometimes exhibit
surface dried cracks, but they are. found between,
and in proximity to, seams of coal which were
sub-aerial in their origin. All the various strata
which constitute the filling in of the spaces be-
tween seams of coal, whether formed from grav-
els, sands, clays, or limestones, excepting three
or four fossiliferous limestones, are subject to all
those changes which would be expected in off-
shore deposits, where the not verj' far distant land
afforded many kinds of materials, and where the
waters, not very deep, were quiet in some places,
and rough in others, and thus produced every
possible variety of deposition.

The few fossiliferous lime-stones of the coal-
measures, of which the Putnam Hill, Ferriferous,
Cambridge and Ames lime-stones are the most im-
portant and interesting, were all formed, I think,
in quite shallow, and, at the same time, quiet wat-
ers, from the accumulation of lime-secreting ani-
mals. In each case there was, probably, an ar-
rest of the progress of subsidence, long enough
for the accumulation of calcareous organic matter
to form the stratum of lime-stones, very much as
in the formation of a seam of coal, there was an
arrest of subsidence, and a pause long enough for
the growth and accumulation of the vegetable
matter constituting the coal. Some of these lime-
stones were formed upon a sea-bed almost per-
fectly level and uniform, and show remarkable
parallelism with each other, and with seams of
coal. It is, however, the coal itself which pre-
sents the most interesting object of investigation
in the second district, and it is to this subject I
have devoted the most attention. I shall present

some of the results of m.y own independent obser-
vations, relative to the origin, varieties and uses
of coals, believing, however, that the views are
in essential harmony with the accepted opinions
of our better geologists.

Notwithstanding the elaborate attempt of Bisch-
off, and others, to prove that coal is an accumu-
lation of vegetable detritus, drifted by rivers and
buried beneath accumulating sediment in the
ocean, this view is not now accepted by any who
have carefully studied the coal-seams in the coal-
measures in America. Mr. Leo Lesquereux and
Dr. Dawson have shown, as the result of careful and
extended observations , that the vegetation forming
seams of coal grew where it is now buried, the only
movement being downward in the general subsi-
dence. Alter such subsidence, sedimentary ma-
terials were brought over the vegetable mass, fill-
ing up the water, so as to form, in time, a new
sub-aerial surface, on which new vegetation took
root and grew, to form, in time, when buried, an-
other seam of coal. My own independent obser-
vations, continued through many years, convince
me that in no other way are the seams of coal, in '
our coal-measures, formed. There is, moreover,
every evidence that the vegetation grew upon
marshy plains, more or less extensive, skirting
the ocean, or, perhaps, often constituting low
islands, not far from the ancient shore. , This ap-
pears from the fact that slates and shales accom-
panying the coal, and in immediate proximit}- to
it, often contain marine or brackish-water forms
of later palaeozoic life. These slates sometimes
constitute partings in the coal-seam itselt", and ex-
tend for miles, maintaining with wonderful exact-
ness their stratigraphical position. These part-
ings imply a temporary overflow of the ancient
marsh, by the ocean, and an even distribution of
sediment, which, when compressed, constitutes
the thin layer of slate, or clav. Besides, we find
in the verj- coal itself, and especialh" in the can-
nel portions of seams — for cannel coal is, so far
as mj- observations go, onl}' a local modification
of a regular bituminous coal-seam — marine forms
of ancient life, of which lingulte and fishes are,
perhaps, most common. We also find, in some
seams of coal, the evidence of tidal or other over-
flow of the coal marsh, in beach-worn sticks, and
various forms of wood, which now, changed to
bi-sulphide of iron, are preserved in their original
form, and lie in the coal as they were drifted into
the old marsh- After the complete subsidence of
the whole marsh, we often find the proofs that
trees, as sigillaria lepidodendron, and taller ferns
were broken down where they grew by the in-
coming waters, and buried on the spot by the sed-
iments. I once traced the tinink of a sigiNaria in
the roof of a Pomeroy seam of coal, for a distance
of more than forty feet. Thousands of the trunks
of what Mr. Lesquereux takes to be fecofteris
arborescens are found in the slates over the same
coal, lying in a horizontal burial, as they were
bent or broken down by the waters, which also
brought in their stormy winding sheet. In mak-
ing almost thousands of geological sections in our
coal-measures, I have found seams of coal always

I . S^i ill 11 B S '' F-> >

Iron Fence Manufactory of ALLEN & MUNSON, Zanesville, Ohio.

iiiiiiiiftiiUii

^S-F^u^TS

The works are located at the east end of Market
street. The main building, now in process of
erection, is eighty-five by twenty-four feet, is
substantially built, with ample room for numer-
ous employes. None but the most practical
machinery is used in the construction of winding

and straight stairways. The picturesque, on
mental and durable iron fencing is made fn
special designs by Mr. Allen, and are covered
letters patent, under the firm name of Allen
Munson.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

273

maintaining such relations to what were the an-
cient water levels, that I am fully convinced that,
in every case, the vegetation grew along the water
line, and not far above it.

I have never found the slightest proof of the
formation of a seam of coal over hills or high
grounds. The parallelism of the seams, of which
further mention will be made, forbids it. Doubt-
less, vegetation of certain kinds grew upon the
higher grounds, but this vegetation did not con-
stitute seams of coal. It is plain, that whatever
vegetable matter there might be on a hill-side,
would, in the subsidence of the land, present to
the waves of an encroaching sea an easy prey,
and the trees and humbler plants would be torn
from the exposed moorings, and be drifted away
to rot upon the waters, or be buried in the sands
of the beach.

Such drifted and buried trees are frequently
found. Should there have, been some high level
plateau, upon which the vegetation grew, and
which, in the subsidence, was let down below the
water so evenly as to prevent the waters from
tearing the vegetable materials away, it is still
doubtful whether, on such high and dry areas,
there would have been any considerable accu-
mulation of vegetable matter, the decay so equal-
ing the growth that, in reality, there would have
been no materials for a true seam of coal.

While in the vegetation forming the coal seams
upon marshy savannahs skirting the ocean, we
find constant proof that the continuity of the marsh
was often broken by intervening water, so that
the seam of coal is frequently interrupted. In
the subsequent subsidence, these water spaces
were filled up with sands, or clays, which are now
hardened and compressed into shales and sand-
stones. But, if we have a marsh at one point,
which continued long enough to allow of the ac-
cumulation of vegetable matter sufficient for a
considerable seam of coal, the presumption is,
that, on that exact horizon, we shall find that
there were other areas above the water, on which
vegetation also grew, and thus, along one water
line, there be formed a seam of coal, varying in
its features of thickness and quality, ranging, with
many interruptions, through many counties, and,
perhaps, hundi'eds of miles. A long period of
rest from downward movement, such as the
growth and accumulation of a thick seam of coal
imply, almost necessitates the fact that, during
that long period, wherever there were along the
water line, areas of low land, whether insular or
continental fringes, on which vegetation might
take root and grow, there would be such growth,
and, consequently, a seam of coal.

When the subsidence took place, by which the
marsh, or marshes, of one horizontal line were
lowered beneath the water, the presumption is,
that such subsidence would be an even and regu-
lar one. We can hardly suppose that, within any
limited area, there would be any considerable ir-
regularity in the sinking — any irregular plunges
-downward, here and there, so as to tilt at various
angles the plane of the coal. The subsidence was,
of course, greater in some districts than in others.

In Nova Scotia, there are 14,570 feet of produc-
tive coal-measures, with over eighty distinct
seams of coal. In Eastern Pennsylvania, 3,000
feet are reported ; while in Southern Ohio, the
highest coal seam yet found is about i ,500 feet
above the Waverly sandstone, upon which, at
places, a coal seam, with its under-clay, is found
to rest, with no intei^vening conglomerate. It is,
also, entirely possible .that, when any large areas
of any one coal field are carefully investigated, it
will be found that some portion of such large area
may have had a somewhat more rapid subsidence
than the rest. But, as a rule, the subsidence was
so regular that two seams of coal, each formed in
its water line, are found to present an almost per-
fect parallelism. For exarri>ple, in Ohio, the Nel-
sonville seam of coal is found, in the vertical se-
ries, to be about four hundred and twenty feet
below the Pomeroy seam, the equivalent of the
Wheeling and Pittsburgh seam. These two seams
range through many counties, and everywhere
the interval between them is the same. The same
is true of all our other well defined and continu-
ous seams. One careful measurement of the in-
terval between two seams is so excellent a guide
that, either seam being found, the place of the
other can readily be determined. There may be
difficulty in ascertaining the exact interval, be-
cause there may be considerable horizontal dis-
tance between the exposures of the seams, and
calculations must generally be made for the dip,
usually an unknown term ; but when the meas-
urements are accurate, the parallelism is perfect
and beautiful. There is a little play of variation,
sometimes, but it is generall}^ very slight. In lim-
ited areas, the downward movement could hardly
be otherwise than uniform. Even in cases of
earthquake action, we generally find the areas of
elevation or subsidence to be quite extensive. But
there is no proof that, in the Coal Period, there
was any intense earthquake action, nor an}' con-
vulsive disturbances, which would give to the
plane of a coal seam great irregularities in incli-
nation. It must be remembered that the eleva-
tion of the Alleghanies, and the foldings of the
Appalachian region, and all the thousand undu-
lations given to the strata of our coal fields were
subsequent to the formation of our coal-measures.
The results of the most careful observations in all
our coal fields, create a reasonable belief that the
subsidence was semi-continental in character, and
that the crust of the earth settled down in an even
and dignified way.

So far as my observations go, I have never
found an instance where two distinct seams of
coal came together, or conversely, where a seam
became divided and its parts continued to diverge
for a long or indefinite distance. It is not un-
common, to find, in a seam of coal, the proof
that the coal marsh had in it local depressions,
which were filled with sediment, making a soil
on which new vegetation grew, and thus the
seam shows two parts, separated by fire clay,
sometimes several feet thick, but in every in-
stance, when traced, I have found the parts to
reunite. The two parts never diverge indefinitely.

274

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

From these statements, we may infer a general
"law of parallelism. Such law is in harmony
with the belief of the most careful observers,
that our productive coal period was characterized
by great quietness and freedom from violent
local disturbances.

"The only question open to discussion, (says
Prof. Rogers,) is whether in an instance lite
that of the huge mass of the Summit Hill mines,
and Panther Creek Tunnels, (in Pa.,) where the
bed possesses very unusual thickness, the ex-
pansion of its size is caused by the merging into
the principal bed of other adjoining coal seams
through the thinning away of the dividing strata,
or is merely a local enlargement of the one coal
bed between the same roof and floor, arising
from more active deposition at this spot of the
vegetable materials which formed it. If we were
in possession of any complete sections of the lower
coal measures, such as those of Nesquehoning and
Tamaqua coals, illustrative of the condition of
things nearer to the Summijmine than those local-
ities, we might, from such data, possibly deter-
mine the running together or not of some of those
beds to form this great deposit, but no intermedi-
ate points have been developed, and the distance
of the tVv'O localities named, one four and a half
miles and the other five miles, is too considerable
to permit us to institute any close comparison be-
tween the individual beds at either of them and
that of the Summit. To explain the unusual
thickness of the great bed by the coalescing of
several large seams of the Nesquehoning group,
we must assume, if we take the "main lower
coal" and the two next which overlie it, as those
which have here come together, that there has
occurred a total exhaustion of about 134 feet of
included rock, or if we suppose only this "main
lower coal" and the double or Rowland's coal to
have united, we have still to conceive of the
thinning out of seventy-seven feet of sandstone in a
range of only four and a half miles. A like diffi-
culty besets us when we consider the thick plates
of sandstones and slate which we must assume as
having disappeared between the Little Schuylkill
and the Summit, if we would derive the great bed
from the coming together of any two or more of
the principal lower seams of that locality. Never-
theless, so much more uniform are the coal beds
generally, than the mechanically derived sand-
stones— so much more easy is it when we advert
to the respective circumstances, under which
these two classes of deposition originated, to as-
cribe a rapid variation of thickness to the widel}'-
strewn strata of sand and pebbles, than to the
slowly and gently accumulated layers of vegeta-
tion of the ancient cai'boniferous marshes — that I
strongly incline to that view which assumes the
apparent alteration of thickness to be due to the
thinning out of the arenaceous rocks."

From this language, it appears that no facts
have been obtained by careful stratigraphical
measurements to prove the actual coming to-
gether of the different seams of coal, but the
union is assumed as, on the whole, the least diffi-
cult way of explaining the usual thickening of

the coal at the Summit. This, of course, is only
the opinion of Prof. Rogers, and is entitled to all
the weight which the opinion of so eminent a
geologist should receive. It is readily granted
that sands are accumulated along shore lines
with great unevenness. This depends upon the
strength of currents and the quantity of material.
Along a shore there are many places of compar-
atively quiet water, where finer sediments, now
compressed into shales, are deposited, and we
often find these shales alternating with sand-
stones. In Ohio, on the same horizon, I find
sometimes sixty feet of sandrock, and a few
miles away sixty feet of shales. The marginal
area below the water must be filled up with some-
thing, and the unevenness of the resulting bed-
ding of the sandrock, or shales, is not a matter
of consequence, nor is it pertinent to the solution
of the problem in hand, viz: The explanation
of the universal thickening of a coal seam at a
given point. The real difficulty is antecedent to
the filling in of a submerged area by mechanical
sediments, it matters not whether by "sand and
pebbles widely strewn." or by mud gently
dropped in more quiet water. How came a part
of a marsh, with its coal-making vegetation, 134
feet below its original level, while the remaining
part of the marsh maintained such a wonderful
statical equilibrium just at the water line ? I do
not say that this is impossible, but it is not prob-
able, indeed it is so improbable, that it may not
be lightly inferred.

It is much easier for me to believe that in this
famous Pennsylvania case, now made historical
by Sir Charles Lyell, the conditions of accumu-
lation of a large mass of vegetable matter, were
more favorable in that part of the marsh now
represented by the Summit Hill coal, than at
other portions of the marsh. The conditions of
growth might have been more favorable, or there
might have been less waste h^om decomposition,
or from mechanical removal. Indeed, all these
causes might have combined to create the differ-
ence in the thickness of the coal. In Ohio, I
find a seam of coal from four to five feet thick, and
evidently retaining its original and normal thick-
ness, while three miles away the same seam is
nearly thirteen feet thick. It is as eas}^ for me to
believe that a seam might, at Nesquehoning, be
twenty-eight feet thick, as reported, and at the
Summit Hill, be nearly fifty feet thick, as that
a seam in Ohio, in a less distance, change from

fovir to thirteen feet.
***** * *

The buried vegetation of the coal marshes re-
appears after the lapse of long geological ages,
in three pretty well marked varieties of coal,
viz. : The more bituminous, or coking, the dry
splint, and cannel, all grouped under the gener-
al head of bitviminous, as distinguished from the
metamorphic anthracite. The more bituminous,
or pitch coal, appears to be the natural or normial
form which the unaltered vegetation took when
buried. Any one familiar with the details of our
bituminous coal fields, has often seen the shales
and slate films of this bright, resinous coal,

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

275

where single trunks, or branches of sigillaria,
lepidodendron, or large ferns, Yik.e feco-pteris ar-
borescens, have been buried with an almost per-
fect exclusion of air. Such films of coal are de-
rived from the bark layers, the interior portion
of the tree always, in these cases, disappearing
without adding to the quantity of coal. Dr.
Dawson regards the mineral charcoal, common
in most seams of coal, as the product of the par-
tially decomposed inner bark, and the more
woody portion of the tree, with portions of other
vegetation. In some cases which have fallen
under my observation, where there was reason to
believe that the tree had been prostrated while a
living tree, and buried without previous decompo-
sition, both barks were converted into bright and
resinous coal. From this we may, perhaps, in-
fer that if the whole mass of vegetation forming
a coal seam were complete^ buried, without any
previous decomposition, we might expect the
whole to be converted into bright coal. Some-
times we find the coal very bright and pitch-like
in a considerable portion of the seam, showing
scarcely any mineral charcoal, or those lamina-
tions of duller color, which are generally sup-
posed to indicate the more decomposed vegeta-
ble matter of leaves, fronds and smaller plants.
Dr. Dawson thus writes : "1 would also observe
that though in the roof shales and other associat-
ed beds, it is usually only the cortical layer of
trees that appear as compact and bituminous
coal, yet, I have found specimens which show
that, in the coal seapis themselves, true woody
tissues have been converted into structureless
coal, forming like the coniferous trees converted
into jet in more modern formations, thin bands of
very pure bituminous material." The probabil-
ity is that the less the sub-aerial decay, the more
perfectly bituminized and structureless becomes
the resulting coal. Nothing would be so likely
to prevent decay as immersion in water, and
such immersion must play an important part in
the formation of the more highly bituminous and
caking coals. "In the putrefaction of wood un-
der water, or imbedded in aqueous deposits,"
says Dawson, "a change occurs in which the
principal loss consists in carbon and oxygen ; and
the resulting coaly product contains proportion-
ally more hj'drogen than the original wood. This
is the condition of the compact bituminous coal.
* * The mineral charcoal results from sub-
aerial decay, the compact coal from sub-aqueous
putrefaction, more or less modified by heat and

■exposure to air."
***** * *

Cannel Coal — We should expect that in the
swampy flats of the coal period, there would be
wet places filled with muck or vegetable mud,
■similar to those we often find in such swamps to-
day. In the modern muck bog, the structure of
the vegetation is almost entirely obliterated, and
there results a fine, soft vegetable mud, which,
when dried, forms a dark and almost impalpable
powder. We find the proof of the existence of
similar locations of vegetable mud in the old coal-
producing areas. They were probably not the

only wet places ; (for what has already been
said of the origin of the more bituminous, or
pitch-like coals, implies the existence of much
water) but they were the wet places in which the
vegetation became so thoroughly decomposed,
that when alterwards buried, compressed and
bituminized, it was changed into a hard compact
stratum of coal, showing little lustre, often no
lamination, and breaking with conchoidal frac-
ture. It is probable that there were vast quanti-
ties of vegetable mud formed which did not go
to constitute seams of cannel coal, but were float-
ed away by currents, and mingling with mineral
sediments, settled in the more quiet waters of
the shallows, thus forming strata of bituminous
slates and shales. * * Every stratum of bitu-
minous shale in our productive coal measures,
implies the existence of the same proximate hori-
zon of a coal marsh, and should always be noted
and studied with this fact in mind. When in the
mud forming bitumious shales, the carbonate of
iron has been introduced, we have a stratum of
black band ore, unless, as is moi^e often the case,
the iron is brought by the force of affinity into
nodular masses.

In the water over the accumulating vegetable
mud, fishes, mollusks and other forms of life
sometimes abounded, and these were entombed
in the mud.

In \he ooze, ^ihesttgmaria almost reveled, pene-
trating it in almost every direction, and these curi-
ous vegetable forms, with their spreading rootlets
are found in greatest abundance in cannel coals,
all flattened, but in exquisite preservation. The
existence of so many stigmarias in the cannel
coals, the beds of which often extend for many
miles, almost necessitates the conclusion that they
grew in situ. If the stigmaria is always a true
root of the sigillaria, or other tree, as held by
Dr. Dawson, and others, we must conclude that
trees, having these roots attached, grew in the
wettest parts of the marsh, which were, therefore,
not open lagoons, as some have supposed. But
Dr. Dawson asserts that ^'■sigillaria grew on the
same soils which supported conifers lepidoden-
dra, cordaites and ferns, plants which could not
have grown in water." He also claims, that most
of the under clays, which, so far as I know, uni-
versally contain rootlets of stigmaria, "are, in
short, loamy or clay soils, and most have been
sufficiently above water to admit of drainage."
These views require us to believe that the stig-
maria could not have grown where they are
found in cannel coal, but were floated to their
present places as detached roots. If thus floated,
we should expect that they would sometimes
show local accumulations in the drifted heaps.
So far as my observations go, they are very even-
ly distributed over the whole cannel coal areas.
Moreover, if detached and floated bodies, and af-
terwards buried in the accumulating mud, we
should naturally expect them also to decay, and
form vegetable muck similar to the surrounding
mass.

On the other hand, Lesquereux, Goldenberg,
and others, hold that the true stigmaria was an

276

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

aquatic plant. Lesquereux thus writes: "It
is my belief that- the genus stigmaria does not
represent tree roots, but floating stems, of which
species of the genus sigillaria constitute the
flowers, or fruit-bearing stems." It was, as I
understand his views, only under favorable cir-
cumstances of a more solid gi^ound for anchor-
age, that these stems produced the stalks, or,
more properly, trunks, by which the fructifica-
tion was secured. By this theory, it is certainly
more easy to explain the vast number of stigma-
ria found in cannel coals. By it we may, per-
haps, also account for the equally great numbers
of stigmaria found in some of the sand rocks of
the lower coal-measures of Ohio, in which sigil-
laria are but seldom found. Since we often find
stigmaria in the bituminous coal, the "floating-
stem" theory would harmonize with the other
opinion of Mr. Lesquereux* arrived at after
careful study of the marshes and peat bogs of
Europe and America, that the coal was formed
in similar marshes skirted by the ocean, which
would furnish the needed conditions for the
growth of such aquatic vegetation as he regards
the stigmaria to be. * * * We conclude that,
admitting the radical nature of the stigmaria, we
remain very doubtful as to their generic deter-
mination, and still more so as to their specific
reference.

Coke. — Passing the consideration of ashes in
coals, and the sulphur found in different combi-
nations, we find some practical thoughts — veiy
interesting, in regard to coke. The strongest
cokes are made from the more highly bituminous
and caking coals, such as melt and swell when
heated, and, after the bituminous gases are driv-
en off", leave a hard, cinder-like mass, which has
an almost metallic lustre, and a metallic ring,
when struck. Such coke, either cold or hot, is
broken with difficulty, and will resist great pres-
sure without crushing. This is the kind pre-
ferred by all intelligent "iron-masters." All
cokes made from the soft-caking coals have a
tendency to be more or less firm, from the fact
that such coals soften and melt when heated.
The best coke comes from the most thorough
fusion of coal. Often, iron-masters, using dry
coals in the raw state, and finding that they do
not obtain sufficient heat, resort to the use of a
certain portion of firm coke. The difficulty is
not, I think, in the want of heating power in the
raw coal, for its coke may have quite as much
fixed carbon as the other coke used, but in the
simple fact that, in the first instance, the fire is
partially smothered by the compacted condition
of the fuel, while in the other case, the weaker
coke of the raw coal is reinforced by the stronger,
and thus the whole mass of the fuel is kept in
better condition by the permeated blast.

Iron. — While it is true that coal is the main-
spring of modern civilization, it is also ti'ue that
much of its value depends upon its association
with iron. In most counti-ies, certain varieties of
iron ore are found associated with coal — black-
band, clay, ironstone, etc. — and in these, Ohio
ores are richer than any of those States that share

with her our great Alleghany coal basin. Again,
our coal field is so situated, and the coal it furnish-
es is of such quality, that a large part of the richer
crystalline ores found in other States must inev-
itably be brought to our territory to be smelted
and manufactured.

'In order that the conditions under which the
production of iron is now, and is hereafter to be
carried on, in Ohio, may be better understood, I
will devote a few words to the description of the
varieties of iron ore found in our country, and
their relation to the fuel with which they are to
be smelted.

The richest of all the ores is the "magnetic
oxide," which contains, when pure, 72.4 per
cent. metalHc iron, and 27.6 per cent, oxygen.
It consists of the protoxide and sesqui oxide,
combined, and may be recognized by its black
powder and its magnetic property. This variety
of ore is found in great abundance in the crys-
talline rocks of the Alleghany belt, in the Adi-
rondacks, and in Canada. It is the ore brought
to us under the name of Champlain ore — ^from
the fact of its occurrence on the shores of Lake
Champlain — and is that mined so extensively in
Southern New York, New Jersey, and further
south, along the same line. From its abundance
in the localities I have cited, and its proximity
to the anthracite coal of Pennsylvania, this ore
has formed the basis of a very large manufac-
ture in the Eastern States, and has furnished
more of the iron produced in this country than
any other single variety. As found in Canada,
and along the AUeghanies, the magnetic ores
are extremely prone to contain certain impuri-
ties, which injuriously aflFect the metal produced
from them. These are principally phosphorous
in phosphate of lime, and sulphur in the form of
sulphide, or iron pyrites. Of these, the phos-
phorous renders the iron »'cold short," or brittle
when cold ; and the sulphur, "red short," or
tender at a red heat. Many of these ores con-
tain also a large percentage of litaniuni, by
which they are rendered refractory, and the iron
made, bi'ittle. These defects in the Eastern
magnetic ores, almost preclude their use for the
finer qualities of iron and steel, and yet they are
destined to form an important element in the
manufacture of iron in Ohio. Iron making is,
in one aspect, much like oil painting, for, as the
painter gets hjs finest effects by skillfully blend-
ing many tints, so the iron-maker can only ob-
tain the best results by using in the furnace sev-
eral varieties of ore. The iron ores of Eastern
New York and Canada, may, by the cheapness
of return freights, be delivered within our terri-
tory at a price so low that they will continue to
be used as they now are, in considerable quanti-
ties, by our iron smelters. Some of the Cana-
dian ores can be furnished on the lake shore, at
a very low figure, but these ores are so large-
ly contaminated by sulphur, or litanium, that
they are, at present, but little used. When,
however, we shall have introduced the Swedish
smelting furnace — removihg three or four per
cent, of sulphur — we may expect these ores to

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

277

be much more largely imported than they are
now.

The ore next in point of richness to the mag-
netic, is that called " Specular iron," which con-
sists, when pure, entirely of peroxide. This is
a crystalline ore, generally having a metallic
appearance, and takes its name from the specu-
lum like reflections from its polished surfaces.
When free from foreign matter, this ore contains
seventy per cent, of iron and thirty of oxygen.
Most of the Lake Superior ores are of this
character, as are also those of the Iron Mount-
ains of Missouri. . To us, the Lake Superior
ores are of immense importance, as will be seen
from" the fact that at least two thirds of all the
ore mined in the Marquette district are brought
to our State, and this ore constitutes the main
dependence of all that great group of furnaces
which have been constructed in the northern
part of the State within the last twenty years.

The product of' the Lake Superior iron mines
in 1868, was 507,813 tons, for 1869, 643,283
tons, and of this, at least one third is supposed
to have been smelted with Ohio coal. The Lake
Superior ores are almost entirely free from phos-
phorous, sulphvxr, arsenic and litanium, the in-
gredients which so injuriously affect iron ores
elsewhere ; and the magnetic ores of Michigan,
' of which the supply is now known to be large,
are the purest of which I have any knowledge.
From these facts, it is evident that the Lake
Superior iron ores are peculiarly adapted to the
production of all the finer grades of iron and
steel, and indeed it is the opinion of our most
accomplished metallurgists, that the manufacture
of steel in future years, so far as this country is
concerned, will be based almost exclusively upon
these ores.

The coals of the Alleghany coal-field are
superior to those of the West, and it is certain
that nowhere can an abundant siipply of miner-
al fuel, suitable for smelting the Lake Superior
ores, be so cheaply obtained as in Ohio. Some
portion of these ores are now, and will continue
to be, smelted with charcoal on the upper pen-
insula of Michigan, but the supply of this fuel is
so limited, that it will play but an insignificant
part in the iron manufacture of the future.

The ores enumerated constitute our native
ores, the main source of supply to our furnaces.
1 should add, however, to this list one other
variety, that which is known as the "fossil ore,"
a stratified red hematite, found in the Clinton
group, and which forms a belt of out-crop ex-
tending, with more or less intermission, from
Dodge county, Wisconsin, across a portion 01
Canada, entering New York at Sodus Bay,
passing through Oneida county, where it has re-
ceived the name of " Clinton ore," thence nan-
ning down through central Pennsylvania, Vir-
ginia and East Tennessee, into Georgia and Ala-
bama. In the latter region , it is known as the
"Dyestone ore," from the fact that it has been
employed by the inhabitants for imparting a red-
dish brown tint to cloth. This Clinton ore is an
hydrous peroxide, containing from 40 to 50

per cent, of metallic iron, and generally a nota-
ble percentage of phosphorus. Its use in Ohio
has depended upon the latter quality, from the
fact that it imparts a " cold-shortness " to iron
made from it, and is supposed to correct the red
shortness of sulphurous iron.

Within our own territory, we have all the
varieties of iron that are ever associated with
coal, viz. : black-band, kidney ore, stratified ore,
or, as it is called, block ore, and, in less abun-
dance, brown hematite, the hydrated peroxide
of iron. Of- these, the black-band is a bitumin-
ous shale, largely impregnated with iron, taking
its name from its stratification and black color.
In its natural condition, it contains from twenty
to thii-ty-three per cent, of iron-, but, by burn-
ing off the carbon, it becomes much richer.
This ore is found, and largely used, in Mahoning
and Tuscarawas counties, and is known to exist
in Columbiana. Sought for by those who know
it, it will undoubtedly be discovered in many
parts of the State. It smelts with great facility,
making very fusible iron, and such as is especially
adapted to foundry purposes. The kidney ore,
an earthy carbonate of iron, generally forms
balls or concretions, lying in the shales of the
coal formation. Where these shales have been
extensively eroded, the ore is cheaply mined by
" stripping," and was the main dependence of
most of our furnaces previous to the introduction
of the crystalline ores. The yield of the kid-
ney ore, in the furnace, will average about
thirty-three per cent., or three tons of ore make
one of iron. This ore is found, in greater or
less abundance, in every county included in the
coal area. The "block" ores of the coal
measures vary much, in purity and abundance, in
different localities. They are generally strata
of limestone charged with iron. In the southern
portion of the State, ore of this character forms
a large number of distinct beds, from two to six
feet in thickness, and constitutes the principal
source of supply of some forty furnaces now in
blast in that district.

In certain localities, some of these stratified
iron ores, near their out crops, are changed from
their original condition, have lost their carbonic
acid and have been conveited into brown hema-
tite. The average richness of the stratified ores
may be said to be about the same as that of the
kidney ores, namely, thirty-five per cent of me-
tallic iron. The iron furnished by some of them
is of very superior quality, as is proved by the
reputation of the celebrated Hanging Rock iron,
made from the ores.

The Manufacture of Iron. — We have
briefly considered the principal elements — coal,
and the ores, that are to form the basis of the
great iron industrj-. It is known to most per-
sons that, with the fuel and ore, limestone is used
in large quantitv in the smelting furnaces ; but,
as this materiafis readily attainable in all locali-
ties, it need not now occupy our time. I maj^
say, however, in passing, that a large amount of
work needs to be done in our State in the inves-
tigation of the composition of our fluxes, and

278

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

their adaptation to the ores we most use. In this
part of the ii'on manufacture, our furnace men are
working very much in the dark, and it is certain
that they can receive important aid.

The ordinary process of reduction of the ore in
the blast furnace, is so well known that I need
not dwell on it in detail. All varieties of iron
ore consist of a combination, sometimes exclu-
sively, always mainly — of oxygen and iron. This
oxygen, when brought in contact with carbon at
high temperature, unites with it, and passes off
as carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, Jeaving, as
a result of this smelting process, cast iron. This
is, however, not yet metallic iron, for it contains
four to five per cent, of carbon, and is a carburet
of iron ; a hard, Jarittle substance, applicable to a
thousand uses in the arts, but not yet malleable.
The manufacture of bar iron consists mainly in
the removal of this carbon, and, although not a
geological disquisition, we will briefly mention
the process, which is called "puddling." In this
process the cast iron, or what is termed "pig,"
is placed in a reverberatory furnace, and there
exposed, at a high temperature, to the action of
an oxidizing flame. This burns out the carbon
and leaves the iron pure, except as it contains a
small portion of silicon, sulphur, phosphorous,
etc. As the iron in the puddling furnace ap-
proaches the malleable condition, it becomes ad-
hesive and pasty, and is worked into balls ; these
are taken out and passed through the squeezers,
and rolling mill, where they become what is
called "muck bar." Muck bar, ordinarily re-
quires still further refining, so it is cut into con-
venient length, piled, re-heated, re-rolled, and
then comes out as "merchant bar." Thus, we
have cast iron and bar iron ; the two fOrms in
which iron is largely used by civilized man. This
peculiar and protean metal is capable, however,
of assuming still another condition, in which it
supplies certain of our wants much moi"e perfect-
ly than do either of the forms before mentioned.
This we call steel ; and steel diflers from mallea-
ble iron only in containing from one-half to one
and a half — say on an average of one per cent,
of carbon. , This carbon, though so minute in
quantity, imparts its peculiar properties, render-
ing it capable of being cast like pig iron, without
the loss of its malleability, and also communicates
to it the all important property of temfer, by
which its hardness is immensely increased, and
it is fitted for many uses that no other material
known to us can serve. Nearly all the iron used
in the world, at the present time, is manufactur-
ed with mineral fuel. The old charcoal furnaces
were thought to do well when they gave a yield
of thirty-five to fifty tons per week. Now there
are several furnaces in Ohio, each of which pro-
duces three hundred tons of pig iron in the same
time, and some of the English furnaces produce
six hundred tons per week.

The Ellerhausen Process of Making
Steel. — We have seen that pig iron consists of
metallic iron,with four or five per cent, of carbon,
while the richer ores consist mainly of iron and
oxygen. Ellerhausen's theor}^ was that iron ore

could be mingled with cast iron in such a way
that the oxygen of the ore would unite with the
carbon of the pig metal, and, passing off" as car-
bonic oxide, leave the iron of both elements in the
combination in the metallic state. The experi-
ment was first tried by drawing a ladle of molten
iron from the furnace, and stirring into it a
quantity of iron ore. The change anticipated
began at once, and the iron assumed a pasty. con-
dition, which rendered it impossible to stir it with
a bar. Substituting a wooden rod, the materials
were mingled, and were made to forma ball sim-
ilar to that collected in the puddling furnace by
the rabble. This ball heated, squeezed and roll-
ed, was found to furnish a fair article of bar iron.
Subsequently there was substituted for the ladle,
a wheel, eighteen feet in diameter, bearing on
its margin a series of boxes. This wheel was
made to revolve beneath a stream of molten iron
and pulverized ore, that crossed each other at
right angles. By the rotation of the wheel, the
boxes were gradually filled with layers of iron,
mixed with ore. When each contained a suffi-
cient quantity the sides were removed, and the
blooms transferred to the puddling furnaces,
these re-heated until the slag they contained was
"sweated" out, then squeezed and rolled into
bars. These bars, without piling or re-rolling,
are found to exhibit all the properties of first-
class iron. This process was extensively operat-
ed by J. H. Shoenberger & Co., and Lyon,
Shorb & Co., Pittsburgh. But it is possible to
produce malleable iron direct from the ore. This
is called by metallurgists, the "direct process,"
because it follows a direct line, and avoids the
wind about through the blast furnace. This is
the method practiced in what is called the Cata-
lan forge ; it has not been demonstrated to be
cheaper, however, than by the other method,
while some metallurgists maintain that not many
years will elapse till all our bar iron will be man-
ufactured by some direct process.

The ground of this confidence is the peculiar
property that carbonic oxide has of reducing the
oxide of iron at a comparatively low temperature.
If we put a few grains of pulverized iron ore with
some carbonaceous substance, in a test tube, and
heat this over a spirit lamp to a red heat, i ,000
or 1,200 degrees, the ore is immediately decom-
posed, its oxygen uniting with the carbon, and
grains of metallic iron become visible. This is
the theory of the Renton process, the process of
Dr. Smith, and what is known as Chenot's pro-
cess, but up to the present time all these methods
have been practically unsuccessful, from a diffi-
culty in regulating the temperature ; for it is a
remarkable fact that when the temperature is
raised above 1,400 degrees, fusion begins, sili-
cates are formed, and the mass is agglutinated
together in such a way as to be unmanageable,
while the access of the gas to the ore is prevent-
ed. Several eminent metallurgists are, however,
at work on this problem, and it seems that, their
efforts must ultimately be crowned with success.
I need not dwell upon the benefits that would ac-
crue to society and civilization, by a diminution

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. OHIO.

J79

of say one-half in the cost of production of bar
iron. So great would be this benefit, that there
is hardly a family in any civilized community
who would not sensibly feel it. On the other
hand, the Bessemer process has reduced the price
of steel in an equal degree, and now the cheap-
ening of bar iron has bpcome the great metal-
lurgic desideration.

The Manufacture of Steel — The Besse-
mer Process. — Perhaps the best illustration of
the progressive character of iron manufacture is
furnished by recent irnprovements . in the manu-
facture of steel. It will be remembered that steel
is iron, with one per cent, of carbon, or cast iron
from which three-fourths of the carbon has been
removed. Twenty-five years ago, all our steel
was made by what is called the "cementation"
process, so well known that I need not describe
it. About this time, Mr. Bessemer, an English
iron-master, conceived the plan of forcing com-
.mon air into melted pig iron, and thus, by bring-
ing its oxygen in contact with the carbon, to in-
duce the formation of carbonic acid, eliminate the
carbon and produce malleable iron ; or, by arrest-
ing the process at a certain point, to leave the,
fluid metal in the condition of cast steel. Upon
trial, the iniectiori of even cold air into molten
iron, instead' of chilhng it, as many predicted,
produced ignition and intense heat. This was
the germ of the famous Bessemer process for the
manufacture of steel — a process by which fully
one-half of the steel now made is produced, and
by which, as has been stated, the cost of steel
has been reduced at least one-half. Many years
elapsed before Mr. Bessemer succeeded in over-
coming all the mechanical difficulties which stood
in his way, and in silencing the opposition which
the conservatism of the iron manufacture offered.
Now the process may be said to be not only a
success, but a triumph, and its author deserves to
be regarded as one of the greatest benefactors of
the human race. For the production of steel,
Mr. Bessemer first proposed to arrest the combus-
tion of the carbon in the iron, so as to leave about
one per cent. unconsum6d. This point was found
difficult to hit, and he ultimately adopted the
method of adding, alter the process was complete,
the requisite quantity of carbon, in the form of
" Spiegel cion," a highly carbonized cast iron.
This is the course "now generally adopted, and
steel is being thus made in large quantities, not
only in Europe, but in our own country, and our
own State.

The Siemens-Martin process — invented and
largely employed in France, and in use at Tren-
ton, New Jersey — is a simple and perfectly man-
ageable method of pi-oducing steel, but it is doubt-
ful if it can rival, in simplicity and cheapness,
the Bessemer process.

The Barron Process. — This is a new method,
and one, perhaps, not yet beyond the condition
of an experiment, but it has, at least, sufficed for
the production of steel of as fine a quality as has
ever been made by any other means. The whole
process consists in exposing malleable iron to the
action of gaseous hydro-carbons, at a temperature

just below fusion. ' Under these circumstances,
the ii-on rapidly and regularly absorbs the carbon
of the gas, and becomes steel. By the Barron
process, shapes of iron are converted into steel
without change of form, and this is the most sat-
isfactory application of it I have seen. For ex-
ample, tools or implements, of any kind, may be
moulded and cast, these shapes made malleable
by the ordinary process, and then, by impregna-
tion, converted into steel, coming out scissors,
knives, axes, or other implements, of the very
best quality, with no forging whatever. Wheth-
er this method is capable of effecting cheaply the
conversion of large masses of iron, is not yet dem-
onstrated, though it is claimed ; but from the fact
that a piece of iron may, by this means, be cov-
ered with a sheet of enamel, or coated with a lay-
er of any desired thickness' of steel, while yet re-
taining all the toughness of its iron core, and, by
a coating of clay, the absorption of carbon maybe
limited to any portion of the surface acted upon,
it is evident that this method is destined to have
extensive application in the arts. The quality of
steel made by this process is such as leaves noth-
ing to be desired. With tailors' shears, cast in
form, made malleable, then converted by the
Barron process, I have cut Florence silk so nicely
as to prove the edge perfect ; then, with the same
shears have cut up sheets of tin and untempered
steel, returning to the silk, have found the edge
wholly unimpaired, and this after a repetition of
the trial more than twenty times.

CHAPTER XXX.

MILITARY HISTORY OP 3WUSKINGUM COTTNTY.

PRIOR TO THE REBELLION LIGHT HORSE COMPA-
NY BRIGADE ORDERS ARTILLERY COMPANY

THE FANTASTICALS THE ZANESVILLE GUARDS

PUTNAM GRAYS ZANESVILLE LIGHT INFANT-
RY ZANESVILLE LANCERS MUSKINGUM IN THE

REBELLION COMPILED FROM " OHIO IN THE

WAR," AND THE ADJUTANT GENERAl/s OFFICE,

AT WASHINGTON, D. C, AND COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE FIRST COMPANY THE 3D, I9TH, 24TH, 3 2D,

15TH, i6th, 62D, 67TH, 78TH, 97TH, O. V. I.

9TH O. V. C. — 122V>, 2D, O. V. I. 5TH INDE-
PENDENT BATTALION I3TH O. V. C. 159TH,

16OTH, I78TH, I95TH, I96TH, I98TH, O. V.I.

ROSTERS OF THESE TROOPS FOLLOWING THE

CHAPTER ROLL OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY's DEAD

SOLDIERS GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC

HAZLETT POST, NO. 81.

The first /military organization was termed a
"Light Horse Company," commanded by Cap-
tain Benoni Pierce. They were mustered in by
Samuel Thompson, in 1809. This was probablj'
the first cavalry company in Southeastern Ohio,
and took an a:ctive part in the war with the Indi-
ans, and "the War of '12." Captain Pieixe was
killed in a battle with Indians. John Alter, Sr.,
(father of John Alter, who died in Zanesville,

28o

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

September 30th, 1879) ^^® ^ member of this
company. The last named furnished this infor-
mation.

The "Muskingum Messenger" and "Ohio In-
telligencer," of January, 18 — , contained the fol-
lowing :

"Brigade Orders. — The commissioned offi-
cers of the First Battalion, in the First Regiment
of the Fourth Brigade, will meet at the court
house in Zanesville, on Friday, the first day of
February, next, at ten o'clock, A. M., for the pur-
pose of electing a Colonel of said regiment. The
commissioned officers of the Second Battalion
will meet for the same purpose, on Saturday, the
2d of February, next, at ten o'clock, A. m., at the
house of William Burnam, Esq., in Springfield.
The cavalry officers attached to the First Battal-
ion Regiment will vote with the First Battalion.

"Lewis Cass,
"Brig. Gen., 4th B., 3d Div."

In 1812, James Herron was appointed a captain
in the regular army, and had charge of one of the
recruiting stations in Zanestown. His office was
first in "Mud Hollow," and then on South Fifth
street.

"In the fall of 1818, an artillery company was
formed. It was the first after the war of '12."
July 4th, 1825, this company, commanded by
Captain John Stanton, proceeded to Licking
Summit, and assisted in the celebration of the
completion of the Ohio canal. Their skill in ar-
tillery practice was much admired. Colonel John
Sockman handled a six-pounder so well, that the
Zanestown company received the honors in the
contest in gunnery.

Militia Training. — Under the old regime this
was kept up long after any necessity for it existed,
and the citizens seemed powerless to abolish it.
On this account, some waggish citizens deter-
mined to try the effect of ridicule, and, about 1833,
organized the "Fantasticals," for the purpose of
burlesquing the militia.

"The dull burlesque appeared with impudence,
And pleased by novelty, in spite of sense."

They were in their glory in 1834, ^'^^ aflforded
infinite amusement to the members, as well as
citizens, generally, and successfully brought into
contempt the militia trainings, so that they came
out against their will. The organization, though
composed of the bon ton, carried the day in
bufibonery. It is said that they were even hid-
eous. The most grotesque costume was the
desideratum, and when the "Fantasticals" were
out in full feather, the "Cornstalk Militia" made
what might be called an involuntary appearance !
Lem. Owens was Colonel Pluck, in command of
the Fantasticals, and prided himself in his suit
of calico ; the coat cut 'spike tail,' and adorned
with white buttons of monster proportions ; the
shoulders decorated with enormous sun-flowers,
politely termed epaulets. His sword was of
burnished tin, ten feet long ; his spurs were on
the same liberal pattern, about eighteen inches
in diameter ; his hat was of dimensions that

would have gratified the most ambitious hussar,
and was adorned with a sweeping fox tail ; his
hands were stained with poke-berries, in imita-
tion of lavender kids ; and his lavender neck-tie
was "perfectly excruciating," with ends almost
touching the ground, borne nowhere, now there,
by the playful wind. Such was the patriotism
that pervaded the community, that even "Parson
Jones" was inspii'ed to lend his old mare to
Colonel Pluck, for the occasion, notwithstanding
the antiquity of the quadruped, and as a com-
pliment, in remembrance of her ancestral repu-
tation, which, though traditional, was handed
down from father to son, with scrupulous fidelity,
recounting the diflferent fluids of fine blooded
animals that were supposed to course through
her veins, but, of course, saying nothing about
how long and severely she had been over-
strained, remembering her once fiery spirit,
when young blood flowed vigorously through the
now shadowy form — they named her Bucephalus !
and thought of Alexander, and his famoufe
charger ! They bedecked her with gay capari-
sons, held her head up and led her forth, so
altered in apperance, that the gallant Colonel
Pluck scaixe knew the old mare. There was a
charm about this new created charger ; it was
her airy form ; it gave unmistakable assurance of
offering the least possible resistance to the air
through which it passed. And it is not improb-
able, notwithstanding her heraldry and pride of
birth, that her rider inwardl)- exclaimed :

" a horse ! A horse, " etc.

And yet, with gravity becoming the occasion,
he caused his orderlies to take position on either
side of the steed, ostensibly to hold the stirrups
until his feet were adjusted therein, but reall}^ to
secure him against accident, in case the mare
should give way under "the conquering
hero." The applause of the multitude, as they
beheld this strategic performance, was both long
and loud, and not withheld when they beheld
the glow of patriotism that illumined the faces of
the rank and file, and saw with what alacrity
every command was obeyed, convincing even
the "Cornstalk Militia" of their warlike bearing
and character.

" Happy he whose inward ear
Angel oomfortings can hear

O'er the rabble's laughter ;
And, while hatred's fagots burn,
Glimpses througli the smoke discern

Of the good hereafter. "

With this thought uppermost, "The Fantas-
ticals" marched and counter-marched up and
down Main street, and over to "John Lee's
Tavern," in West Zanesville, the usual rendez-
vous of the "Cornstalk Militia," and where the}-
called their roll, in imitation of whom the Fan-
tasticals also called their roll. And however dis-
ciplinary this part of their performance may have
been intended, it was manifest that no member
was guilty of absenting himself, or ashamed ta

MERKLE'S BREWERY, Zanesville.

Canning House of UNGEMACH & STERN, Zanesville, Ohio.

In the spring of 1882 the above gentlemen pur-
chased the old Wainwright Brewery, in the Third
ward, in close proximity to the banks of the Mus-
kingum river. The factory is forty by one hun-
dred and sixty feet in the clear, with a canning
capacity of fifteen thousand cans per day. In the
busy season from two to three hundred men,
women and children find profitable employment
within its walls. This is the only establishment

of the kind in this section of the country, and is
fitted up with all modern improvements. As
Muskingum county is known to be in the fruit
belt of the State, the success of this house is
assured. All fruits and vegetables purchased are
carefully selected, prior to canning. Orders flow
in almost uninterruptedly, and the firm are kept
quite busily engaged in supplying their Eastern
and Western trade.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

281

be heard, although their names would have taxed
-the ability of the nomads of Europe, Asia, Africa,
North and South America, and "the rest of man-
kind," to pr6nounce ; they responded in sten-
toriafi voice that would have become either of
the orators of those people. It was indeed a
marvelous demohstration, and the Fantasticals
were the acknowledged victors in this bloodless
fray, while, with a shout, the cry went up, long
live Colonel Pluck and the Fantasticals ! And
the militia were permitted to retire to their
peaceful homes, and the hospitality of a grateful
people!

The Zanesville Guards, was- the next or-
ganization. This was completed about 1839.
The following account, written by a participant,
and published in the Zanesville ''Courier," was
found among E. H. Church's papers :

"The Guards never failed to celebrate the
Fourth of July by a parade, and, after the parade,
sat down and enjoyed a sumptuous repast, drank
toasts, made patriotic speeches, and passed the
time away most pleasantly. In those early days,
the greed for gold had not eaten into the marrow
of the citizens of Zanesville. A man was not
valued then by the size of his bank account, or
in accordance with the amount of blue blood
which coursed through his veins. The ladies of
Zanesville were always present upon such occa-
sions. And the ladies of those days were intell-
igent, graceful and beautiful.

"They took pride in the compan}' and its en-
tertainments. It was considered an honor to be
present on such occasions. Perhaps the people
of the present day would like to know what kind
of toasts were drank in the olden time at these
entertainments given by the Guards. For the
instruction of the present generation of young
ladies who would shudder, with horror, at the
thought of attending a military ball, we give the
following toasts :

'The ladies of Zanesville. — by the presentation
of a flag to the Zanesville Guards, show them-
selves the magnanimous daughters of the patri-
otic mothers, who strewed with flowers and gar-
lands, the path of a retiring and victorious
Washington.'

'The ladies of Zanesville — Their modesty,
virtue and intelligence, are all-suffiGient Guards.'

'The ladies of Zanesville — Fair and patriotic.
May patriotism shield them in union and matri-
mony in peace.'

'The IJnioii of these States^ — Let it be en-
graven on the heart of every true American.'

'The Amei-icah — Who always sees stars, but
never feels stripes.'

' 'The ladies of Zanesville and Putnam — Their
beauty and worth, only exceeded by the extent
of its circulation.'

*The Fourth of July, '76 — It has been cele-
brated with patriotic enthusiasm for upwards of
half a century. F'or the perpetuity of a custom so
glorious, I add, 'Keep time; old foot.'

'The Army of the United States — May the
spirit of the Father ever animate the breast of
the Son.'

'The Navy of the United States — Hearts of
oak, few in number, strong in honor, great in
farrie.'

'Let the toast be — Dear women.'

"Among those most prominent in getting up
toasts for these entertainments, was Colonel N.
A. Guille, who was always ready with a good
ringing speech, whenever called upon."

The next company was the Putnam Greys,
organized under R. N. Dunlap, who was elected
Captain, but soon after resigned, and Captain
Jesse P. Hatch, who had been their drill master,
was elected to fill the vacancy. Matthew
Ashmore made their uniforms, which consisted
of dai'k grey cloth, swallow tailed coats, bound
with black braid, brass buttons, black waist
belts, black leather cartridge boxes, large white
metal waist plate, inscribed with the letters P.
G., black cord on the side seams of the pants,
black leather caps, with white fountain plumes,
tipped with blue. They where armed with flint
lock mviskets, of the Harper's Ferry pattern.

The other officers were : William Ely, First
Lieutenant; Lawson Wiles, Second Lieutenant ;
Waldo B. Guthrie, Orderly Sergeant. [The
other officers not named.]

The company numbered, rank and file, eighty-
four men. The first appearance in full dress
parade, was on the afternoon of October, loth,
1839; ^t which time, also, first appeared the
Zanesville Light Infantry Battalion, Second
Brigade, Fifteenth Division, Ohio Militia. Cap-
tain Hatch was a graduate of the military school
at Norwich, Vermont, and had filled a prpfessor-
ship in the Virginia Military Academy. The
members of the company were among the lead-
ing citizens of Putnam. The following are their
names, as far as can now JDe obtained : Jesse P.
Hatch, William Ely, Waldo B. Guthrie, Matthew
Ashmore, C. W. Potwin, Nathan Spear, R. N.
Dunlap, Z. M. Chandler, Daniel McCarty, Jack-
son Ely, William Berkshire, Stephen H. Guthrie,
Albert Gillett, Frank Whipple, Martin Thomas,
James Saffbrd, Munroe Ayers, James G. Manlj',
John Goshen, John Miser, Henry Ely, John
Van Home, Jerry Barber, Calvin Baltis, Joshua
Josslyn, James Flynn, James McFeters, George
Allen, Richard Osborn, Henry Jones, Cyrus
Brown, Cornelius McCarty, Luke Stallard,
William Munch, Lewis Munch, William Israel,
George N. Guthrie, Frank Thompson, Charles
Northrop, Welles, Hawes, Davis, Lindsa}^ Wil-
liam Alexander, Benjamin Tuttle, Alfred Jones,
Henry Ewing, John Weaver, Frank Taylor, John
Irvin, James Launder, William Launder, James
Alexander, Leroy Perry, Valentine Best, and
John Forgraves. The musicians were : George
Allen, fifer ; John Forgraves, snare drummer;
and James SaflTord, bass drummer.

In the winter of 1839-40, the "Zanesville
Lancers" were recruited by E. H. Church, and
regularly organized and mustered in. Henry
Clayton was elected Captain ; Jacob Sperry,
First Lieutenant ; John D. Ford, Second Lieu-
tenant ; • and J. L. Fracker, Orderly Sergeant.
The members of this company were all boys.

282

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and numbei^ed one hundred strong. Captain
French, of the United States army, then a resi-
dent of Zanesville, was their, drill-master. Soon
after the organization, Samuel S. Cox was elect-
ed a member, and was promoted from the posi-
tion of "high private" to Orderly Sergeant. It
is said that Mr'. Cox takes just pride in referring
to this event in his life in Zanesville.

In 1840, this company occupied the post of
honor in welcoming General William H. Harri-
son, Whig candidate for President, to this city.
The meeting was held under the old elm tree, on
North Sixth street. Here General Harrison de-
livered his last political speech.

The members of the Lancers, as far as can
now be learned, were: William Culbertson,
John D. Foi-d, Joseph T. Ford, J. L. Fracker,
William Dulty, Crosley, Caldwell, Charles Hunt-
ington, William Mizer, Henry Clayton, Jacob
Sperry. James Warner, Hiram Davidson, John
P. Fox, Henry Stulson, H. Bell, George Covey,
George Ross, Nat. Dutro, H. Parish, Richard
Ball, Thomas Pierce, Henry I. Pierce, James
Thompson, William Bailey, Wesley Hatton,
Isaac Fell, Victor Fell, Solomon Brock, David
Sheward, H. T. Pierce, John Winn, Henry Wil-
ley, James Van Buren, and Owen and Albert
Langworthy.

These military companies demonstrated the
latent military talent of the people — how readily
they can take up arms, and how easily lay them
down again. This ability, so completely dor-
mant when peace reigns within our borders, has
been found of the highest order when war's
stern necessity called it forth, as the host of he-
roes on many a hard fought battle field attest.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE
REBELLION.

When the Nation, striving only to enforce its
laws and maintain its lawfully elected i-ulers,
suddenly found itself plunged in a war that
promised to envelop half its territory, it confided
its "grand army" to the leadership of an Ohio
general — Irvin McDowell ; and when beaten at
the outset, less by the enemy than by its own
rawness, that army retreated in disorder from
the field it had fairly won, and the panic of the
first Bull Run seemed to freeze the currents of
National life, another Ohio general — George B.
McClellan — was called to the command, as he
came fresh from the first successful campaign,
to restore confidence and reorganize the army.
And, as invading the enemy's country — whose
preparations for war, hitherto not comprehend-
ed, were found general and desperate — the diffi-
culties so multiplied that the Nation found itself
distrusting men of known sagacity, military
skill, and courage, yet a new commander was
sought, and this time the trust was reposed in
William S. Rosecrans.

As the war expanded, the State of Ohio con-
tinued to preserve a similar prominence.
Through three campaigns, the greatest of the
National armies remained under the leadership
of an Ohio general. This officer also succeeded

the veteran, .Scott, as General-in-Chief, in com-
mand of all our armies. Yet another Ohioan,
General Don Carlos Buell', commanded the great
department which lay south of Ohio, till, after
pushing back the war from the border to the Al-
abama line, he was caught and submerged in its
refluent tide,- and another Ohio general was
summoned from fields of victory in the South-
west, to take his place. General O. M. Mitch-
ell, of Cincinnati, commandeid the Department
of the South, until death came to his release.
And to another Ohioan, General Q. A. Gillmore,
was reserved the honor of revolutionizing gun-
nery— in destroying the fort around which the
war had opened, and in the downfall of which
was echoed the doom of the Rebellion."

"Ah ! never shall the land forget

How gushed the life-blood of her brave —
Gushed, warm with hope and courage yet,
Upon the soil they fought to s;ive."

Fathers, mothers, wives, sisters — aye, and
brothers, too — ^^mourn the loss of dear ones ; and
many an empty sleeve and absent limb, shat-
tered hand, and scar, remind us of the ravages
of that war ; and it is but a slight tribute to those
patriots, who, with their lives and treasure, sub-
dued our enemies and saved our grand republic,
that their names should be enrolled with what-
ever of praise we are capable of bestowing, for,
whereas we were in greatest peril,

"Now, ail is calm, and fresh, and still ;
Alone the chirp of flitting bird,
And talk of children on the hill,

And bell of murmuring kine, are heard;"

And, from o'er the hills, we hear-
refrain — the welcome song,

-like a sweet

"Reign, gentle peace,

The din of war is heard no more ;
The storm is past,
The cloud is o'er.''

And Ohio hears, with pride, the names of U. S.
Grant, P. H. Sheridan, and W. T. Sherman,
praised by the Nation ; and yet, with a pride
that language cannot fvilly express, would she
perpetuate the memor}- of those who filled her
regiments, made statesmen and generals ; they
merit more praise than all others.

And in doing this, she would not forget the
patriot fathers and mothers, who counted their
sons and sent them forth. They followed them
to the camps, saw them waste in action, and die
of disease ; saw them led by the inexperienced,
to slaughter. Stricken with anguish, they still
maintained their purpose, and numbered the
people again, and sent fresh thousands. They
followed them with generous gifts, and prayers.
They cared for the stricken families, and made
otherwise desolate lives beautiful with the chari-
ties of a gracious Christianity. They infused a
religious zeal into the contest. They held their
soldiers to be engaged in a holy war. They

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

283

truly believed that through battle, and siege, and
reverse, God was waiting, in His own good time,
to give them the victory.

Almost every family had in that war one
dead for the holy cause ; by almost every hearth-
stone, was heard lamentipn for those that were
not. And yet there were those, in that dark and
trying hour, who .aforetirne had been exalted to
places of honor, who so far forgot the inevitable
result as to aid treasbn, in trying to induce the
people to pause, declaring the war a fa.ilure and
a crime, and used their influence against the
government, pretending to favor peace on any
terms, save the blood of sons, husbands and
fathers. But the patriot heart of father, mother,
sister and wife, beat too strong, and they heeded
not their traitorous counsel. And by a vote more
decisive than had ever been known in the history
of American elections, rejected the tempter.
Thenceforth the position of Ohio has been a
watchword to the Nation. And we refrain from
giving the names of those traitors, preferring to
leave them to the worst company we know of —
themselves. This will doubtless be the decision
of every historian.

The State which contributed such leaders in
the Cabinet, such Generals in the field, and an
army of three hundred and ten thousand soldiers to
follow them, may well be pardoned for desiring
her achievments separately recorded, that find-
ing themselves grouped together, those who
come after us may trace their career with State,
as well as National pride. And teach their sons
to emulate such as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan,
Rosecrans, Mitchell, McPherson, McDowell,
McClellan, Buell, Gillmore, Steedman, Hazen,
Scheuch, Stanton, Chase, Wade, Dennison,
Todd and Brough, and nearly every one of the
two hundred and thirty military organizations.

They may see how by the aid of these, the
army grew into shape and power, how it was
led " always to honor," often "to victory," and
finally to glorious success. "This was Ohio in
the war."

Within twenty four hours after the President
of the United States called for troops, the State
Senate had matured, carried through the several
readings, and passed a bill, appropriating one
million of dollars for placing the State upon a
war footing, and for assisting the General
Government in meeting the shock of the Re-
beUion. On that memorable 15th day of
April, 1861, Ohio's Capital was wild with the
excitement of the call, to arms ! And on the
i6th, the feeling was even more intense ; troops
were arriving, the telegraph and mails were bur-
dened with exhortations to the Legislature, to
grant money and men, to any extent. The very
air was laden with the clamor of war, and the
swift haste of the people to plunge into it ; and
on the 17th, every pulse was at fever heat.

The Senators of Ohio, as a last effort, passed
the Corwin constitutional amendment. The
eight who had the foresight to recognize that
the 17th of April, 1861, was not a time to be
striving to add security to Slavery, were Buck,

Cox, Garfield, Glass, Monroe, Parish and
Smith.

Governor Dennison's message on that mo-
mentous occasion concluded as follows: "But
as the contest may grow to greater dimensions
than now is anticipated, I deem it my duty to
recommend to the General Assembly of this
State, to make provisions proportionate to its
means, to assist the National authorities in re-
storing the integrity of the Union, in all its am-
plitude, as the only means of preserving the
rights of all the States, and in insuring the per-
manent peace and prosperity, of the whole
country. I earnestly recommend, also, that an
appropriation of not less than four hundred and
fifty thousand dollars, be immediately made for
the purchase of arms and equipments, for the
use of the volunteer militia of the State. I need
not remind you of the pressing exigency for the
pi'ompt organization and arming of the military
force of the State."

The Senate, under the leadership of Mr.
Garfield, matured and passed a bill, defining
and providing punishment, for the crime of
treason against the State of Ohio. It declared
any resident of the State who gave aid and com-
fort to the enemies of the United States, guilty
of treason against the State, to be punished by
imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard labor,
for life. With the passage of these bills, all
semblance of party opposition to the necessary
war measures, disappeared from the proceedings
of the Legislature.

Mr. Vallandingham visited the Capital and
earnestly remonstrated with the Democrats, for
giving their sanction to the war ; but the patri-
otic enthusiasm of the crisis, could not be con-
trolled by party discipline. Under the leader-
ship of Speaker Woods, a bill passed exempting
the property of volunteers from execution for
debt, during their service. Then, as within a
few days it became evident that far more troops
were pressing for acceptance than were needed
to fill the President's call for thirteen regiments,
the Legislatvire acceded to the sagacious sugges-
tion of the Governor, that they should be re-
tained for the service of the State. The bill
authorized the acceptance of ten regiments, pro-
vided five hundred thousand dollars for their
payment, and a million and a half more, to be
used in CE.se of invasion of the State, or the ap-
pearance of danger of invasion.

The first company from Muskingum county
was raised by Captain John C. Hazlett, the bril-
liant young Prosecuting Attorney of the county.
The President's call for 75,000 troops, to serve
three months, had scarcely flashed over the
wires, on the 17th day of April, 1861, when Cap-
tain Hazlett began to recruit his company, and
on Wednesday, the 19th, having filled his quota,
took his company to Columbus, and was assign-
ed to the First Ohio Infantry, Alex. McD. Mc-
Cook, Colonel commanding, and on Thursday,
the 20th, started for Washington, D. C. At
Vienna, a station on the B. & O. Railroad, in
Virginia, they were fired on by a batterer, in am-

284

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

bush, and four of their number were killed. Af-
ter assisting in fortifying the Capital, they . pro-
ceeded to Bull Rtin, and took part in that fearful
conflict, losing, however, only three killed and
several wounded.

At the expiration of their three months, Com-
pany H was brought back to Columbus and
mustered out, most of the members re-enlisting
in other organizations. Captain Hazlett imme-
diately began reci-uiting another company, first
known as A, then E Company, Second O.V. I.,
and it was while commanding this company at the
battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862,
that he received the wound from which he sub-
sequently died.

In August, 1861, the regiment began to re-or-
ganize for three years service, the organization
being completed in October, and was subsequent-
ly brigaded with the First Kentucky, or Louis-
ville Legion, the Sixth Indiana, First Battalion
of the Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, and Battalions of
the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Infantry, forming
the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division,
and was subsequently under General Grant, mov-
ing on Fort Henry. This regiment marched in
company with General Buell's army, in pursuit
of Braggs' Rebel army, then on its way to Louis-
ville, the historj' of which is too well known,
even if we intended to recite the important move-
ments, to repeat. The army of Ohio, under Gen-
eral Buell, was placed under General William S.
Rosecrans, who immediately organized it, and
named it the Army of the Cumberland. General
W. Sill commanded the Division in which the
First was brigaded ; he was superseded by Gen-
eral R. W. Johnson, and the name of the Divi-
sion changed to the Fourteenth Army Corps,
Second Division, right wing, Army of the Cum-
berland. The principal battles in which they
were engaged were Stone River, Tullahoma,
and Liberty Gap.

The company and regimental organization of
Ohio troops being given at the close of this chap-
ter, that portion of the record is omitted here.

The Second O. V. I. was in the battles of
Murfreesboi-o, Shelbyville, Fayetteville, and
Huntsville — formed a part of the Fourteenth
Army Corps, under General Thomas, up to At-
lanta, participating in all the marches and bat-
tles of that distinguished corps ; it was in the bat-
tle of Stone River that its Colonel was killed at
the head of his regiment, and Major Maxwell and
Captain Hazlett were wounded.

The'Third O. V. I.— From Clarksburg, the
Third Ohio advanced with the army, nothing of
interest occurring until the 5th day of July, when
the regiment lay at Buckhannon, Virginia. A
scouting party of fift}' men, under Captain O. A.
Lawson, of Company A, was sent out by General
Schleich to reconnoitre the road leading to the
Rebel position, at Rich Mountain. Proceeding
cautiously, the little band, upon approaching
Middle Fork Bridge, discovered that it was oc-
cupied by the enemy. A gallant, but unsuccess-
ful effort was made to dislodge the Rebels. In
this first drawing of blood, the detachment lost

one man killed, and five wounded. Gathering
up the wounded, the party returned to camp. In
the hurry the dead soldier was not found, .but a
few days later, upon the general advance of the
army, the body of Sergeant John was found, and
decently buried by his comrades ; he was the
first man of the Third Ohio to die in battle. The
regiment bore an honorable part in the battle of
Rich Mountain — Elk Water Creeks-resisting
General R. E. Lee's advance, as they appeared
on the Huntsville road, and in all subsequent
movements of that period, resulting in the re-
pulse of the Rebel army, and its retirement to
Mingo Flats. After a few days rest, the Na-
tional forces resumed their, movements. The first
encounter of any importance, was at Perryville,
Kentucky. In this ill-starred affair, the regi-
ment bore a brave part ; it took position in an
open field, at the Perryville i-oad, protected only
by a rail fence. The rebel attack was fierce
and deadly, but, notwithstanding their exposure,
the Third stood firm, and returned volley for vol-
ley, until more than one-third of its number had
fallen, dead or wounded.. In the opening of the
battle, Color Sergeant, William V. McCombrie
stood a little in advance of the color guard, bear-
ing the regimental standard proudly aloft. His
exposed and marked position instantly brought
upon him a fierce fire, from the enemy, and the
gallant fellow was killed. Five others shared
the same fate, until a sixth rushed forward and
caught the colors ere they touched the ground.
This last gallant hero was a beardless boy of
seventeen, named David C. Walker, of Com-
panj;^ C, who successfully carried the flag through
the remainder of the action, and was rewarded
for his bravery by being made Color Sergeant
on the battle field, by Colonel Beatty. Before
the close of the battle, the regiment was ordered
to withdraw to the second line, which command
it executed in good order, though sorelj' press-
ed by the enemy. It remained in its last posi-
tion until night put an end to the unequal conflict.
While in line. General Rosecrans rode up to the
regiment and thanked it in the name of the army
for its gallant conduct. He said: "You stood
in that withering fire like men of iron." Its loss
in this battle was 212 officers and men killed and
wounded. They were in the battle of Stone
River, on the right of the center, and then on the
extreme left, amid terrible fighting, and were sub-
sequentl)' taken prisoners by the rebel. General
Forrest, and endured great hardships en route
from Rome tp Atlanta, via. Knoxville, to Rich-
mond, Virginia ; when on Belle Isle they re-
mained in the open air for ten days, when they
were paroled ; but the officers, including the
Chaplain and Surgeons, were incarcerated in
Libby Prison, and underwent its loathsome hor-
rors. An exchange being ordered, the Third
Ohio was included in its provisions, and return-
ed to Ohio, and until August i, 1863, was en-
gaged in quelling local trouble. At that time
it received orders to report to General Gordon
Granger, at Nashville, Tennessee, for duty, and
was soon again armed and equipped, and order-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

285

ed to join its old brigade, under General John
Beatty, at Stevenson, Alabama, and took part in
the engagement at Anderson Gap, and a number
of others, and when the term of service expired,
June 23, 1864, reported at Camp Dennison, and
was mustered out. After a brief visit to their
homes, the great majorit}' of the men and officers
re-entered the service in other regiments "for the
war" and performed gallant service up to the
end of the strife, many of them laying down their
lives a willing sacrifice for their country.

The Nineteenth O. V. I. — ^This regiment
was among the organizations which sprang into
existence at the sound of the guns at Fort Sum-
ter. It was composed of recruits from seven coun-
ties : Company A, from Canton, Stark county :
B, from Yoimgstown, Mahoning county ; C, from
Warren, Trumbtill county ; D and I, from Ash-
tabula ; E and H, from New Lisbon, Columbiana
county ; F, from Geauga county ; G and K, from
ATcron, Summit county ; for which record, see
Volume II., page 134, Ohio in the War, 1868, by
Whitelaw Reid, and note that no company is
credited to Muskingum county, whereas, the mil
itary records at Columbus, and numerous mem-
bers of this regiment now living, certify that com-
panies E and K were recruited and mustei'ed at
Camp Goddard, at Zanesville, Muskingum coun-
ty. Lieutenant S. Lentz, of Company E, died of
typhoid fever, February 9th, 1862 ; also, Sei'-
geant August Johns, same disease, in Columbus.
Over two hundred were in hospital, haying
measles and typhoid fever. Among the hard
fought battles in which this regiment participated,
was Stone River, which the Nineteenth Ohio,
and Ninth Kentucky, were the first to cross. The
Nineteenth entered the battle with four hundred
and forty-nine men, and lost, in killed, wounded,
and missing, two hundred and thirteen — nearly
half. Returning to Chattanooga, it was almost
immediately sent with Sherman toward Knox-
ville. This march was one among the sevei'est
during the war. The men were ragged and al-
most shoeless, and. left their footprints, in blood
on the snowy ground. The}' re-enlisted, January
I, 1864, as veteran volunteers, and by the i6th
reached Chattanooga, where the papers were pre-
pared— the three years' regiment was mustered
out, and the veteran Nineteenth mustered in.
The regiment then returned to Ohio, reaching
Cleveland, February i6th, 1864, and returned
soon after, reaching Knoxville the 24th of March.
May 6th, Sherman's entire command entered on
the Adanta campaign. The Nineteenth Regi-
ment was sent to Parker's Gap, to hold that pass.
Oil the 2qth it rejoined its brigade, at Cassville.
Captain Charles Brewer, of Company E, was
killed in the fight at New Hope Church ; Major
Nash lost his left hand ; Captain Smith, of Com-
pany G, was severely wounded in the head, and
forty-four men were killed and wounded. In the
action at Lovejoy Station, Captain Agard, Com-
pany K, was severely wounded in the shoulder,
and seventy-nine men killed and wounded. It
captured the enemy's front line of works, and
held them for three days, and until Sherman's

army returned to Atlanta. It served faithfully in
the many trying marches and sanguinary con-
flicts, and returned to Columbus, Ohio, Novem-
ber 22d, and was discharged at Camp Chase,
Novernber 25th, 1865, after nearly five years of
service.

Twenty-fourth O. V. I. — This Regiment or-
ganized at Camp Chase, near Columbus, in the
latter part of June, 1861. Company B reported ■
from Zanesville. The regiment took part in most
of the skirmishes between Pittsbui-gh Landing
and Corinth, and was one of the first regiments
to enter the latter place, and was with the army
in pursuit of the enemy in North Mississippi, and
North Alabama, and in July, of the same year,
camped at McMinnville, Tennessee. In Decem-
ber, 1862, General Rosecrans advanced from
Nashville. The Twenty-fourth was reduced by
sickness, and other losses, to thirteen officers and
three hundred and forty men. With this strength
it went into the battle of Stone River. The loss
of the regiment, in this battle, was one-fourth of
the entire strength with which it went into it. It
participated, also, in the battles of Woodbury,
Tennessee, Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga,
Mission Ridge, Taylor's Ridge, etc. The colors
of the regiment were presented to the State, to be
placed in the archives for preservation. Colonel
A. T. M. Cockerill turning them over with a few
pertinent remarks. In response, Governor Brough
said :

"Colonel, Officers, and Soldiers of the Twen-
ty-fourth— I thank you, in behalf of the people of
the State of Ohio, not only for the colors, but for .
having borne them so nobly and gallantly, as you
have, throughout the three years' service. They
come worn and tattered, bilt there is not a rent in
them that is not honorable, and an emblem of
your bravery and gallantry. No regiment that
has gone from Ohio has endured hardships with
greater cheerfulness, or more nobly discharged
its duty. Yes, sir," tui-ning to the Colonel, "no
matter what the future may bring forth, no regi-
ment can occupy a better position than the one
you have had the honor to command. I shall
place these banners in the archives of the State,
as historic mementoes, worthy of any people.
Again, soldiers, I thank you."

Thirty-second O. V. I. — This regiment was
sent to the field from Camp Dennison. The date
of the commissions of the field officers was July
26th, 1861. They reported to Brigadier General
Reynolds, commanding the District of Cheat
Mountain, headquarters at Huntsville, and were
assigned to the command stationed at Cheat
Mountain Summit, Colonel Kimball, Fourteenth
Indiana Volunteers, commanding the post. The
Thirt3'-second had been hurried to the field with-
out militarj' discipline — hardly oi^ganized. Upon
the rugged heights of Cheat Mountain, amid the
wild scenery of the Alleghanies, the regiment
learned its first lesson in the art of war. They
led the advance against Greenbrier, Virginia,
through the mountains and pines, at midnight,
and remained at Greenbrier during the fall of
1861 , watching the movements of the enemy, then

286

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

commanded by the rebel General, Robert E. Lee.
They were in General Milroy's command, taking
the advance of the expedition which resulted in
the capture of Camp Alleghany, Huntsville, Mon-
terey and McDowell.

In Fremont's pursuit of Jackson, up the Shen-
andoah Valley, the Thirty-second bore its part,
and participated in the battle of Cross Keys and
Port Republic. In the defense of Harper's Fer-
i-y, the regiment lost some brave and gallant men.
In August, 1863, it accompanied Stephens' expe-
dition to Monroe, Louisiana, and McPherson's
expedition to Brownsville, Mississippi, in Octo-
ber, of the same year, and was with Sherman in
February, 1864, at Meridian, losing twenty-two
men at Bohers' Creek, Mississippi, at which last
affair Captain M. A. McAllister was severely
wounded while gallantly leading the advance.
When their term of service aspired, more than
three-fourths of them re-enlisted as veterans, join-
ing the army at Cairo, IlHnois, on the 21st of
April, 1864, with its ranks largely augmented by
recruits. The Thirty second was identified with
the movements of the Seventeenth Army Corps,
in Sherman's advance against Atlanta, and par-
ticipated in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain,
Nicojack, near the Chattahoochie River, also, in
the battles.before Atlanta, and lost more than half
its number in killed and wounded. After the fall
of Atlanta, the Thii'ty-second pioved with the
army in pursuit of Hood, after which, it rejoined
General Sherman, and accompanied him on his
"March to the Sea."

• Company A, Fifteenth O. V. I. — This com-
pany was recruited at New Concord, during July
and August, 1861, for three months service.
When this term expired. Captain R. W. P. Muse
resigned, and Sergeant James C. Cummins was
tendered the position, which he accepted, and,
by order of the Governor of Ohio, reported to
Colonel Moses R. Dickey, who had been au-
thorized to organize an infantry regiment at
Mansfield, Richland county, Ohio. Captain
Cummins, and his one hundred men, arrived at
Camp Bartlej' on the evening of September 6th,
and the company was mustered into the United
States service "for three years, or during the
war," three days later. "The company were
mostly young men — aye, in their "teens" — from
the best families of eastern Muskingum and the
western part of Guernsey counties ; and not a
few had left college, store, and shop — thirsting
for military glory — not anticipating the hardships
and dangers incident to a three years' campaign
of war.

Early in October, 1861, they left for Camp
Dennison, near Cincinnati, where they received
their arms and equipments, and proceeded to
the rendezvous for the Army of the Ohio, at
Mumfordsville, Kentucky. Here, the Fifteenth
was brigaded with the Forty-ninth Ohio, and
Thirty-second and Thirty-ninth Indiana Volun-
teers, an organization that remained unbroken,
to the close of the war, and was known as "Wil-
lich's Brigade." Its gallant commander. Brig-
adier General August Willich, was one of the

German exiles of 1847, who entered the War of
the Rebellion early in the struggle, as Colonel
of the Thirty-second Indiana. This regiment
participated in the first advance of the Army of
the Ohio — breaking camp, February 14th, 1862,
to move South. At the reorganization of the
Western Army, the brigade was attached to the
Army of the Cumberland, and took part in all of
its campaigns. In the fall of 1863, when the
call for veteran volunteers was issued, nearly ev-
ery member of Company A re-enlisted. They
were then given a furlough of thirty days, and
arrived home February nth, 1864. On the 15th
of March, following, the company returned to
Columbus, Ohio, and with the' regiment filled up

by recruits, embarked for , Tennessee, about

the close of that month. The Army of the Cum-
berland was being reorganized for the campaign
into the heart of the Confederacy, under General
Sherman. The company participated in that
wonderful march down to Atlanta, and back to
Nashville, and thence, to the mountains of East
Tennessee, and remained there until the spring
of 1865. In June, following. General Wood's
Division, to which the Fifteenth was attached,
was ordered to Texas, and, passing down the
Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers,
crossed the Gulf of Mexico, and arrived at their
destination about the middle of July. During
the summer, the regiment was quartered at San
Antonio, doing guard duty, where they received
their order to be mustered out, and reached Co-
lumbus, Ohio, December 25th, 1865 — being
mustered out the next day — having served four
years and five months. Of the one hundred
men mustered at Mansfield, in i86i. but thirty-
five remained at the close of the war, in 1865.
Eight were killed on the field of battle, or died
of wounds received there, twelve died from dis-
ease, in hospitals, and forty-five were discharged
for disability. The company had added fifty-
seven recruits during its service.

The company participated in the battles of
Shiloh, Tennessee ; siege of Corinth, Mississip-
pi ; Stone River, Murfreesboro, Tennessee ;
Middleton, Tennessee ; Liberty Gap, Tennessee ;
Chickamauga, Tennessee ; Mission Ridge, Chat-
tanooga, Tennessee ; Rocky Face, Resaca, Pick-
ett's Mills, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain,
Chattahoochie River. Peach Tree Creek, siege
of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and Lovejo^^'s Station,
Georgia ; Franklin, Nashville, and Columbia,
Tennessee.

Sixteenth O. V. I. — This regiment was oi--
ganized under Colonel John E. De Courcey, at
Camp Tiffin, near Wooster, Ohio, on the 2d day
of October, 1861, and mustered in the same day ;
reached Camp Dennison November 28th, and,
on the 19th of December, was ordered to Lex-
ington, Kentucky-, and, the following January,
reported to General S. P. Carter, at Somerset,
Kentucky. At this point, the regiment was en-
gaged in repairing and building military roads,
to facilitate the transportation of supplies to Gen-
eral Thomas' forces, at Mills Springs, where a
battle was fought bj- General Thomas, on the

HISTORY OF MUSltlNGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

287

19th of January ; the regiment being ordered up
during the fight, though it was unable to reach
the ground, oh account of a fl6od iii Fishing
Creek.

On August 6th, the Sixteenth was ordered to
relieve the Fourteenth Kentuckj', at Tazewell.
About ten a. m., of that day, two companies (B
and E)' of, the regiment were sent forward as
advance pickets. Companies F and D were or-
diered to the right of the Main Hill road, on the
same duty. Companies C and' G were held in
reserve. At eleven A. m., k heavy skirmishing
commenced' at the frbnt, and continued until the;
enemy appeared on the front and right, in force.
Companies D and F were compelled to fall back.
Companies B and E were cut off from the main
force by a rebel brigade, and most of them cap-
tured. Companies C and G were ordered up,
as a support, but were also overwhelmed, and
compelled to fall back to a position on the left of
the road. They were now re-enforced by strag-
glers from other companies, arid held the enemy
in check for two hours, when the ammunition
was ejihausted. They fell back to the main line,
where the National forces were massed. Toward
night, the National >army retreated into the in-
trenchments, the enemy following them to within
three miles of the Gap.

September 8th, the Sixteenth Ohio and its
brigade were ordered to Manchester, Ky., for
supplies. On the 19th, this force was joined by the
remainder of the National troops from the Gap.
The supplies having been almost completely ex-
hausted. General Morgan ordered a retreat
toward the Ohio River. This retreat was op-
posed by the enemy, 'who haiTassed the National
forces by frequent attacks, and by placing ob-
structions in the roads, up to Grayson, Kentucky,
within twenty-five miles of the Ohio river. The
sufferings of the men on this march were
very severe, having nothing to eat for several
da3'S, excepting ears of corn, gathered from the
fields as they passed. To quench their thirst,
the men were compelled to drink water collected
in stagnant pools. On the third of October, the
command arrived at Greenupsburg, Kentucky,
on the Ohio river, utterly worn out, ragged,
shoeless, and covered with the accumulated dust
of sixteen day's march. Resting until the 21st
of October, at Portland, Ohio, the regiment
moved to Charleston ^ Virginia, on the Kanawha
river. On the loth of November, it marched
under orders, to Point Pleasant, Virginia, and
there embarked on steamers, for Memphis,
Tennessee, arriving on the 27th, of the same
month. December 20th, it moved with Sher-
man's command on transports, to the rear of
Vicksburg, Mississippi, and participated, on the
29th, in the disastrous assault on Chickesaw-
Bayou. In this affair, the Sixteenth suffered
ten-ibly, losing three hundred and eleven officers
and men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners.
After the assault, the command of the regiment
devolved on Captain E. W. Botsford.

On April 6th, 1863, the regiment joined Gen-
eral Grant's expedition to the rear of Vicksburg.

It was engaged at Thompson's Hill, on the ist of
May, and lost nine men, killed and wounded.
It was engaged at Champion Hills, on Boher's
Creek, on the i6th of May, and on- the 17th, at
Black River Bridge. May 19th, it took a prom-
inent part in the disastrous assault on the Rebel
works in the rear of Vicksburg. In these several
engagements, the regiment lost seventy in killed
and wounded. It remained in the rear of Vicks-
burg until its fall, July 4th, 1863, and July 6th,
was ordered to Jackson, Mississippi, where it
participated in the siege, and capture, of that
place. Numerous other engagements of varying
success, all attended with hardship, and fre-
quently with loss, were participated in by the
Sixteenth. They reached Columbus, O., Octo-
ber 14th, and were paid and discharged from the
service, the last day of that month, 1863.

The total number of deaths from all causes,
in the regiment, was two hundred and fifty one.
On surgeon's certificate of disability, one hun-
dred and eighty-six were discharged, and thirty-
eight we*e transferred to the Veteran Reserve
corps, fifteen of whom were directly from the
regiment. Before leaving Morganza, the re-
cruits, ninety in number, were transferred to the
One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, to serve
out the expiration of its term of enlistment.
The number of officers and men mustered out at
the expiration of its term of service, was four
hundred and seventy-seven, all that was left of
one thousand one hundred and ninety-one, the
total of the original organization and recruits.

Sixty-Second O. V. I. — This regiment, or-
ganized at Camp Goddard, near Zanesville, in
November, 1861. On the 17th of January, 1862,
the Governor ordered it to report to General
Rosecrans, then commanding in Western Vir-
ginia. On the 30th of the following June, it
was sent on board transports, and sailed for
Fortress Monroe, thence to Harrison's Landing,
and to the front on picket duty. On August
1 6th, it moved in the famous retreat down
the Peninsula to Yorktown, and Fortress Mon-
roe, and from thence to Suffolk, and subse-
quently made a reconnoissance to Black Water ;
but we cannot attempt to recite all its move-
ments, only naming a few of the most promin-
ent. In the assault on Fort Wagner, it lost 150
men, killed and wounded ; it took part in the
siege of Charleston, which lasted from the loth
of July, to the 31st of October. The regiment
re-enlisted in January, 1864, • as veterans, and
was allowed the usual 30 davs' furlough. March
3d, it rendezvoused at Washington City and was
immediately sent to the front, near Petersburg,
Virginia, and from this time on, the Sixtv-second
participated in the contest that raged about the
lines of the rebel capital.

About the first of September, 1865, the Sixty-
second was consolidated with the Sixty-seventh
Ohio, and thereafter lost its identity, the number
of the Sixty-seventh being retained.

Sixty-Seventh O. V. I. — This regiment con-
solidated with the Forty-fifth, both being but part-
ly organized previously. It left Columbus, Janu-

288

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ary 19th, 1862, for Western Virginia, under Gen-
eral Lander, to reinforce Tyler's brigade, in do-
ing which it passed over an open field, three-
quarters of a mile wide, exposed to the enemy's
fire. They executed the movement on the double
quick, and came into action in splendid order.
The enthusiasm, inspired by such patriotic zeal,
cannot be described, and only the soldier may
feel it. They counted the hardships endured
marching up and down the valley, over the
mountains and back again, from the Potomac to
Harrisonburg., iirom Front Royal to Fredericks-
burg, thence to Manassas, to Port Republic,
Alexandria, etc., as nothing, if crowned with
the reward of subduing the enemies of the
country. The regiment, after the expiration of
this term of service, re-enlisted, and, after a short
furlough, returned to the field, reaching Ber-
muda Hundred, Virginia, under General But-
ler, May 6th, 1864. On the 29th, of the same
month, a portion of our lines having fallen into
the hands of the rebels, the Sixty-seventh,
with other regiments, received order^to re-cap-
ture them, which they did by a charge ; the
regiment lost Sixty-nine officers and men, killed
and wounded. The rebel General, W. H. S.
Walker, was wounded and captured, his sword
passing into the hands of our Colonel Voris,
as a trophy. On the i6th of August, four com-
panies of the Sixty-seventh charged the rifle
pits of the enemy at Deep River, and at the first
volley, lost one-third of their men, but before
the rebels could reload, the rifle pits were in
our possession. During October, following, the
regiment was in four engagements, and lost over
one hundred men. During the spring, summer
and fall of 1864, the Sixty-seventh confronted
the enemy, at all times within range of their
guns, and it is creditably reported, that during
the year it was under fire two hundred times.
Seventy-Eighth O. V. I. — This regiment
was raised vinder special authority from Gover-
nor Dennison, issued to M. D. Leggett, of
Zanesville. The first man was enlisted October
30, 1861, and the organization completed Janu-
ary II, 1862; they embarked immediately for
Fort Donelson. About the loth of March, it
moved with the National forces to Crump's Land-
ing ; thence to Adamsville, to guard an exposed
flank of the army, at Pittsburgh Landing, and,
with its brigade, marched to the battle-field, reach-
ing Pittsbugh Landing at 8 i'. m., in compan\'
with General Lew Wallace's division. Besides
this fight, it shared in the movement on Corinth,
on the evacuation of which the regiment march-
ed with General Wallace's division to Bethel ;
thence to Jackson, Tennessee ; on the 17th, i8th
and 19th of May, the investment of Vicksburg
was completed. On the 22nd of the same month,
the Seventy-eighth pai'ticipated in the general
charge on the enemy's works, with slight loss.
About the 25th of May, it was joined to a force
sent up Yazoo River, under General Frank P.
Blair, to look after a rebel force reported to be
moving to the relief of Vicksburg, under the
rebel General, Joseph E. Johnston ; but he hav-

ihg changed his line of march to a point further
south, toward Jackson, the command returned to
Vicksburg, and the Sevenl5'-eighth resumed its
position before the city, and, June 22d, was sent
to prevent the rebels under Johnston from cross-
ing the Black River, at Bovina, and remained at
that place until after the surrender of Vicksburg.
July 2 1 St, it participated in the attack on, and
capture of Bald Knob, a position commanding
the city of Atlanta ; which city vvas captured by
the National forces, after shelling it ; in this ac
tion, the Seventy-eighth suffered severely. The
position was considered, so important by the
rebel commander, that, in his anxiety to re-take
it, he, the next day, threw his whole arm3'on the
left flank of the National lines, and a terrible
battle ensued, costing us the life of the brave
Mcpherson. The Seventy-eighth lost 203, offi-
cers and men, killed and wounded.

The regiment, with the Sixty-eighth Ohio,
held a line near Bald Kiiob : the rebels made
such a determined attack, that the battle became
a desperate hand to hand conflict, each side
showing great valor. Of thirteen flag and color
bearers, of the Seventy-eighth Ohio, all were
killed or wounded. A rebel was about to cap-
ture the regimental flag, when Captain John
Orr, of Company H, seized a short sword from
the ground, and almost completely decapitated
him. For this heroic act, the Captain received
a gold medal from the Board of Honor, of the
army of the Tennessee. The Seventy-eighth
participated in the subsequent movements of the
army of the Tennessee, till the fall of Atlanta.
After the taking of Savannah, and the march
through the Carolinas, up to the surrender of
Johnston's rebel army, the regiment accom-
panied the National forces through Richmond,
Virginia, to Washington City, and participated
in the grand review.

The Ninety-Seventh O. W I. — This re<J-i-
ment was recruited in the counties of Muskin-
gum, Morgan, Guernsey, and Coshocton, dur-
ing the mqntlis of July and August, 1862. It
was mustered into service at Camp Zanesville,
on the 1st and 2d of September, by Captain C.
C. Goddard, of the Seventeenth Infantry, U. S.
A. , and on the 7th of that month, received march-
ing orders, obeying which, it reached Covingtoti
Heights, Kentucky, on the 8th, where it was as-
signed to the command of General Lewis Wal-
lace, in opposing the supposed advance of Gen-
eral Kirby Smith's forces, on Cincinnati. The
regimental staff' was composed of the following-
officers: Colonel, John Q. Lane; Lieutenant
Colonel, Milton Barnes; Major, James W.
Moore ; Second Major, George S. Davis ; Sur-
geon, Thomas W. Gordon ; Assistant Surgeons,
J. T. Edwards, T. A. Stewart; Chaplain, Wil-
liam McFarland.

This regiment, on the 20th of September,
1862, proceeded from Covington to Louisville,
Kentucky, and on the first of October, joined in
the pursuit of the rebel, General Bragg, through
Kentucky and Tennessee'. They were under
fire first at Perry ville, but did not engage in

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HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

289

the battle ; they were in several skirmishes
on the march from Perryville to Nashville, in
which they acquitted themselves like soldiers.
They subsequently formed a 'part of General
Crittenden's noble corps, in the advance on
Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December, 1862,
where they had four killed and fifteen wounded.
They remained at Murfreesboro until June, 1863,
doing garrison and scouting duty. June 24th,
it joined the advance on Tullahoma, Tennes-
see, via Manchester, and finding that the enemy
had abandoned that place, proceeded to Pelham,
and on arriving within two miles of the town,
had a lively skirmish with the enemy's cavalry,
in which the Ninety-seventh lost one man. They
remained at Pelham until the i6th of August,

1863. when they crossed a range of the Cumber-
land mountains, and entered Chattanooga, Ten-
nessee, September the 9th, following, and to this
regiment is due the honor of raising the Ameri-
can flag (their regimental coloi's) over this rebel
stronghold. On the 23d of November, 1873, the
regiment was ordered in front of Mission Ridge,
and hotly engaged the enemy. On the 25th of
that month, they lost twenty privates killed, nine
commissioned officers, and one hundred and fif-
teen privates wounded. November 28th, the
regiment was with the Fourth Army Corps, on
the march to Knoxville, Tennessee^ lo the relief
of General Burnside, where they arrived on the
6th of December, and remained until the
13, and were ordered to Blaine's Cross
Roads,^where they remained until January 14,

1864, and were ordered to Drawbridge, arriving
there on the 17th; they returned to Knoxville,
and left that place on the 23d of that month, for
Louden, Tennessee, where they remained until
March 2, 1864, and proceeded to Charleston,
Tennessee, and soon after joined General Sher-
man's army, near Cleveland, Tennessee, (this
army was composed of the "Army of the Cum-
berland," Tennessee, and Ohio troops) early in
May, 1864, and was engaged in all of the mem-
orable battles of that campaign, culminating in
the capture of Atlanta, Georgia, in which this
regiment suffered heavy losses in killed and
wounded. After taking Atlanta, General Sherman
marched the larger part of his arm}- to the Sea,
but left the Fourth Corps, and small detachments,
among which was the Ninety-seventh, to con-
front the entire rebel Army, then commanded
by General Hood. The Union forces were forc-
ed back from the Tennessee River to Nashville,
fighting en I'oute almost night and day. The
most fearful engagement the regiment ever had,
was at Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th of No-
vember, 1864, where it lost many in killed and
wounded, although the enemy was punished se-
verely. Our forces arrived at Nashville, De-
cember I, 1864, and remained until December
14th or iSth, when they attacked the enemy, and
made a complete rout of them ; after which the
regiment went into camp near Huntsville, and
remained until early the following spring, when
it was transported to Knoxville, Tennessee, and
commenced the march toward Richmond, and

had arrived near Greenville, Tennessee, when
General Lee surrendered, and its march was
Stopped. The regiment was then taken to Nash-
ville, by rail, and mustered out of service, about

the middle of June, 1865.

********

I certify that the foregoing account is substan-
tially correct, although many important details
might be added if the exact dates could be given,
but no record of these is now to be had.

[Signed,] J. T. Gorsuch.

Mr. Gorsuch was promoted from Second Lieu- ,

tenant to First, March nth, 1863, and promoted

to Captain, May 6th, 1863, and w-as mustered

out with his regiment. He, like many others of

the Ninety-seventh, wears his honors modestly,

yet cherishes the institutions of our country, and

the sovereign right of the American citizen to

enjoy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,

on any, and every part of American soil, as the

heritage received from our patriot fathers, and

which he fought to perpetuate. Such men have

no compromise to make with traitors, but will

again bear arms in defence of our glorious

Union, if necessity demands it. And to such

men the Nation owes an actual debt of gratitude.
***** ***

Ninth O. V. C. — On the 3d of October,
1862, Governor Tod received instructions from
the Pi-esident to raise three regiments of cavahy,
to be known as the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth O.
y. C. A short time previous to this. Captain W.
D. Hamilton, of the Thirty-second O. V. I., then
stationed at Winchester, Va., had been ordered
from the field to recruit another company of that
regiment ; he had fifty men for that purpose,
when the regiment, with a number of others,
was captured by "Stonewall" Jackson, Septem-
ber 15th, 1862. Captain Hamilton reported for
instructions to the Governor, who assigned him
the duty of organizing a cavalry command, to be
known as the Ninth O. V. C. The men recruited
for the captured regiment, formed tlie nucleus,
and the remainder was raised in the eastern
portion of the State. They rendezvoused at
Zanesville. On the first of December, three
companies were transferred to complete the
Tenth O. V. C, then organizing at Cleveland.
The four remaining companies were designated
the First Battalion of the Ninth O. V. C, and
were ordered to Camp Dennison, and afterwards,
(April 23d,) to report for field duty, at Lexing-
ton, Kentucky. It was then ordered to Clay
county, to drive out a rebel force and protect
the country. The battalion, consisting of 300
effective men, moved forward, driving the enemy
from the mountainous regions, and established
its camp at Manchester. It remained in this re-
gion, having frequent skirmishes with the enem\',
until the 15th of June, when an expeditioii was
planned to penetrate into East Tennessee, to as-
certain the true condition of the in4iabitants, and
to destroy some extensive factories belonging to
Knoxville. The whole force consisted of about
2,000 mounted men, in which were 200 of the
Battalion. On the night of the i6th of June,

290

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

this force crossed the Cumberland river at
Williamsburg, and moved toward Big Creek
Gap, a rebel stronghold, commanding one of
the entrances into East Tennessee, between
Cumberland Gap and Knoxville. The main
road to this point crossed a spur of the Cumber-
land Mountains, at Pine Mountain Gap, a
strong pass, which was held by the enemy. By
a strategic movement, the rebels were surprised
and nearly all captured, without firing a gun.
Next morning the command moved toward Big
Creek Gap, and when within about twelve miles,
the Battalion being in advance, the enemy was
encountered, and skirmishing kept up until they
were driven within their works at the Gap. The
enemy evacuated, and without opposition, the
command accomplished its designs.

On the night of the 13th of April, an Alabama
regiment surrounded a barn in which the men
were sleeping, shot two of the sentinels, and,
after a short struggle, succeeded in capturing
Captain Hetzler, Second Lieutenant Knapp, and
thirty-nine men. The remainder of the company
escaped and reported at head-quarters, near the
shoals, where they arrived the next evening.
The remaining three companies wei-e pushed for-
ward with all speed, but failed to rescue the
prisoners. The non-commissioned officers and
men were sent to Andersonville prison. Eight
months after the capture, a report from Orderly
Sergeant Kennedy, showed that twenty-five of
the number had died ; Captain Hetzler and Lieu-
tenant Knapp were sent to Columbia, South
Carolina. Lieutenant Knapp, after two unsuc-
cessful efforts to escape, in which he was re-taken
by the aid of blood-hounds, finally succeeded in
reaching Knoxville, Tennessee, after traveling
three weeks, principally at night, securing food
and assistance from negroes. At one time he
heard the hounds on his trail, and again would
have been captured, but for the generous assist-
ance of a negro, who, after giving him something
to eat, said: "Now, bress de Lord, Massa'
Yank, you jist trust me, and we'll fool dem
dogs. You trot along fust, den I'll come too,
steppin in yo tracks. Go 'bout half a mile, den
you come to some watah ; you take right thru
dat, den I'll on 'tother way. See, dem dogs is
used ter huntin' niggers, day knows de smell,
an likes ter follow de black man's foot." "But,"
said the Lieutenant, surprised at this singular
offer, "the dogs will catch you, and probably
tear you in pieces." "Oh, Massa," said he,
"let dis nigger 'lone fur dat, I'se fooled dem
dogs afore, fur de Yanks ; and bress de Lord,
I'll try it agin. Now trot along Massa, fur I
hear dem dogs a cummin' !" Shortlj' after
crossing the pond, the Lieutenant heard the
hounds howling in the direction taken b}' the
negro, and he was no longer disturbed by them.
He afterward joined the regiment at Savannah,
Georgia, in January, 1865. Capt. Hetzler re-
mained a prisoner until near the close of the
war, when he was exchanged.

When it became known that the rebels re-
ceived large supplies over the Atlanta & West

Point Railroad, it was desirable to destroy it.
Of the 2500 men chosen to do this, 700 were
from the Ninth Cavalry. The command started
as secretly as possible, desiring to strike the
road anywhere between the extreme point
guarded by General Johnston's troops, anci
Montgomery, Alabama.

It left Decatur on the loth of July. For three
days the command moved unmolested, except by
bushwhackers. In the evening of the third day,
the command reached the Coosa River, and found
a force of the enemy preparing to dispute its pas-
sage. A contest ensued, in which the enemy suf-
fered severely. On the evening of July i7thi the
command reached the village of Sochapolka, on
the.i-ailroad, thirty miles east of Montgomery, and
about two hundred miles south of Decatur. "It was
almost exhausted, yet went immediatelj' to work
to destroy the road. For a few days the com-
mand was engaged in this woi-k, and was at-
tacked several times, in the rear and front, by the
enemy. The expedition traveled, on an average,
twenty hours per da}', and effectually destroyed
twenty-five miles of an important railroad, one
hundred miles beyond the rebel lines, and sus-
tained comparative^ small loss. The Ninth Cav-
alry lost twenty-six men, mostl}- captured while
foraging. Having accomplished its purpose, it
started in a northeasterly direction, and reached
General Sherman's lines, near Marietta, on July
22d.

Wonderful presence of mind and courage : Four
hundred and fifty men of the regiment, who had
been dismounted while with Colonel Garrard,
were ordered to Nashville,' to procure horses. On
the night of the 2d of September, while the train
containing the men was passing Big Shanty.
Georgia, it was thrown from the track, and six
cars were demolished. The enemy, concealed
beside the track, opened fire on the wreck. The
fire was returned, and the cowards fled. One man
was killed, and three wounded by the accident,
and two killed and five wounded by the enemy's
fire. Failing to procure horses at Nash\ille, the
regiment proceeded to Louisville, where it ob-
tained them, and returned to Nashville, en route
for the front.

The regiment proceeded to Chattanooga, en
route for Atlanta, and became identified with the
cavalry division of General Sherman's army to
the coast — sharing its victories and hardships.
The services of the cavahy being no longer nec-
essary, the Ninth was ordered home, and on the
2d of August, 1865, turned over its colors and
property to the State, and was mustered oijt.

Tenth O. V. C. — This regiment was author-
ized and commissioned by Governor Tod ; organ-
ized at Camp Taylor, in October, 1862, and or-
dered to the front at Murfreesboro. Subsequent-
l}', at the battle of Chickamauga, one company,
commanded by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain)
Haynie, acted as escort to General Granger, the
main portion of the regiment being ordered to
guard communications in the rear. After the brit-
tle, the Tenth was ordered up the Sequatchie Val-
ley, to guard the country against guerillas, under

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

291

Champ Ferguson, a noted rebel bandit of tbat lo-
cality. While occupying this valley, performing
the duties allotted to il , a portion of the regiment
was detailed to accompany a detachment of the
Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, on a scout into
East Tennessee, under command of Captain Pal-
mer, of the last named i-egiment. During this
time (about three months), they were almost daily
engaged with the enemy attached to the rebel Gen.
Longstreet's command. At one time they engag-
ed and defeated a force of three hundred Indians,
and two hundred North Carolinians, led by Gov-
ernor Vance, of North Carolina, whom they cap-
tured, together with one hundred men, and his
wagon train, ere they could ascend the mountain,
at the base of which they were attacked. This
scout effectually rid that part of the State from
banditti, of every kind.

The great "March to the Sea" was inaugurated
— and proved a serious work for the cavalry, as
well as other forces. The Tenth was more fre-
quently engaged than the other regiments, be-
cause it had a fashion of using the sword oftener
than the gun.

"They fiefe before our fierce aWack !

They fall ! They spread in broken surges.
Now, comrades, bear our wounded back,
And leave the foeman to his dirges."

These lines are an epitome of their career, now
familiar as household words at many a fireside.

One Hundred and Twenty-second O. V. I.
— This regiment was recruited in the counties of
Muskingum, Moi'gan, Coshocton and Guernsey.
Companies A, B, D, E, and H, were mustered
into the United States service at Camp Zanesville,
on the 30th of September, 1862 ; Company C, the
3d ; G, 5th ; and F, the 6th of October ; I and K,
and the Field and Staff, October the 8th. The
regiment left Zanesville on the steamers Powell
and Patton, for Parkersburg, Virginia, and be-
came a part of the Second Brigade, Milroy's Di-
vision, which was ordered on an expedition up
the valley of the South Branch of the Potomac,
and, in a blinding snow storm, the regiment be-
gan its first march. June 13th, 1863, Companies
A and F met the advance of J. E. B. Stewart's
raid, on the Strasburg road, and, after a brisk
skirmish, retired to Winchester. The next day,
the entire regiment was engaged, and at night,
with other troops, forced a way through the rebel
lines, and marched to Harper's Ferry. The reg-
iment lost several officers and men captured, some
of whom were not exchanged until April, 1865.
It spent one night on Bolivar Heights, and upon
the evacuation of Maryland Heights, it accom-
panied the heavy guns and public stores to
Georgetown, D. C. It njoved through Washing-
ton City, and thence, by rail, to Frederick, where
it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third
Division, Third Army Corps. The brigade then
marched against Lee, crossed the Potomac, pass-
ed Loudon Heights by the road around their
northern base, marched southward along the east-
ern slope of the Blue Ridge, passed through Man-

assas Gap, and, on the afternoon of July 23d,
marched inline of battle, as Ewell fell back from
Wapping Heights. The next day it returned,
passing through the Gap, and through Warren-
ton, and camped near the Rappahannock, about
the first of August. It guarded the road leading
up the south bank of the Rapidan until noon,
when it marched to the front in the battle of the
Wilderness. The regiment maintained itself well
throughout the fight. Their loss the first day was.
one hundred and twenty men. This regiment
would have been recognized as Ohio troops, by
any rebel commander, from their characteris-
tic energy and determination, in whatever posi-
tion.

Fifth Independent Battalion of"Cavadry.
— No record was found concerning these troops
in the Adjutant General's office, at Columbus, or
Washington, and yet, "Ohio In the War," p. 931,
recites: "After the capture of Morgan, and his
band (of guerillas). Captain Ijams was ordered to
report at Camp Chase, and proceed to recruit his
organization to a force of four companies, which,
being accomplished in a few weeks, was classed
as the Fifth Independent Battalion of Ohio Vol-
unteer Cavalry, and Captain Ijams was promoted
to Major.

For the record of Company D, of this battalion,
we are indebted to Howard Aston, our County
Clerk, who was First Corporal of this company,
and subsequently First Lieutenant of Company F,
Thirteenth O. V.^C. "This (Fifth Battalion) was
a six-months' organization, recruited by Second
Lieutenant Thomas E. Roberts, of Falls township.
After the organization, in July, 1863, at Camp
Tod, near Columbus, Ohio, it was sent to Mays-
ville, Kentucky, and thence to Flemingsburg,
Kentucky, where the battalion was separated —
Companies A and D remaining in camp, and
Companies B and C going to Hillsboro, Ken-
tucky, whence scouting parties were sent out,
penetrating the mountains between Kentucky,
Tennessee, and West Virginia, and were usually
victorious. The battalion headquarters remained
at Flemingsburg during their term of enlist-
ment." [Although the Fifth Independent Bat-
talion did not participate in any regular battle,
it was only because there was no organized force
pitted against it. Owing to the exigencies of the
service, it was kept in the field some time beyond
its term of enlistment, and was finally mustered
out of the service, at Columbus, in March, 1864.
— Ohio In the War, p. 931.]

Thirteenth O. V. C. — When the order was
issued from Washington, D, C, to recruit veter-
ans. Second Lieutenant, Thomas E. Roberts,
opened a recruiting office at the headquarters of
the Fifth Independent Battalion, O. V. C. The
first recruit was Howard Aston, then Jesse Wat-
ers, December 27th, 1863, followed by thirty-one
others. These formed the nucleus of Company
F, of the Thirteenth, which was formed by the
consolidation of the Fourth and Fifth Independ-
ent Battalions. It was increased by recruits, and
mustered into the service, May 4th, 1864, for three
years, and immediately joined the Ninth Army

292

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Corps, composing a part of the Armj' of the Po-
tomac, and participated in all the battles of that
army, from Hanover Court House to Stony Creek,
inclusive, until December ist, 1864, when it was
sent to "Dismounted Camp," near City Point,
Virginia. This change was appreciated by the
regiment, as for five months and a half they had
been exposed to shot and shell, and the quiet of
a camp beyond these was a relief. December
20th, they exchanged their infantry accoutre-
ments for cavalry equipments, and, until the first
of January, 1865, remained in camp, drilling and
doing light picket duty, in the rear of the armj^
lines, on the lookout for Wade Hampton's caval-
ry. Then they were assigned to the Third Brig-
ade, Second Division, and were commanded by
General Gregg, until after the three days' battle
of Hatcher's Run, February 5th, 6th, and 7th,
1865. General Gregg being^ wounded. General
George Crook took command of the division, and
the Thirteenth remained under his command un-
til mustered out.

April 6th, 1865, at the battle of Sailor Creek,
thev charged on a heavy guard of rebel infantry,
having charge of a train of wagons, destroyed
about forty wagons, captured two hundred and
eighty prisoners, one hundred and forty mules,
and about (twenty-five horses, sustaining the loss
of Captain Strahl and fifteen men, who were tak-
en prisoners. On its return from the charge, it
took part, with other regiments of the Third Brig-
ade, in a mounted charge, in which were captur-
ed General M. D. Corse and his brigade of rebel
troops.

On the 7th of April, the Thii'teenth was fight-
ing Lee's rear guard, pushing them back during
the whole forenoon. About noon, they made a
dash into Farmville, Virginia, and captured three
hundred prisoners. In the afternoon, the regi-
ment pushed across to Prospect Station, on the
Virginia and East Tennessee Railroad, and, in
connection with the Sixth O. V. C, captured a
train of railroad cars, loaded with forage and pro-
visions for Lee's army. April 8th, in the evening,
the Thirteenth was on picket, to the left of Appo-
mattox Court House. All was quiet during the
night, but about da3'light the next morning, Lee's
forces made a charge on our lines, attempting to
break through. The regiment fought hard for
two hours, but had to retire, which they did, fight-
ing as the}' went, until thej- reached a wood,
where the}' checked the rebel advance. Then
General Sheridan ordered a grand charge by the
division, led by Generals Crook, Merrit, and Cus-
ter, in which the Thirteenth had the honor to
lead. This was a fearful contest, but victorious.
After the surrender of General R. E. Lee and
his army, to General U. S. Grant, the Thirteenth
O. V. C. was sent with their division to join Gen-
eral Sherman, in North Carolina, but before reach-
ing him, the news came of the surrender of John-
ston's army, and the regiment was ordered back
to Petersburg, Virginia, and, after a review bv
General Sheridan, the division separated, and the
Thirteenth was sent to Amelia Court House, for
provost duty. Its headquarters remained there.

though the regiment divided — some companies
doing duty in adjoining counties. The loss of
the Thirteenth, from June 2d, 1864, until April
9th, 1865, (the last battle), was sixty-eight killed,
three hundred and eighty-three wounded, and
ninety-one captured.

One Hundred and Fifty-ninth O. V. I.
(Otherwise denominated National Guards.) —
The Eleventh Ohio and one company of the
Seventy-third O.N.G. formed the One Hundred
and Fifty-ninth O. V. I. The consolidation and
organization were completed on the morning of
the nth of May, 1864, and it immediately left
for Harper's Ferry, where it was ordered to re-
port to General Lew Wallace, who assigned it
to Brigadier General Kelley's command, camped
near Camp Bradford, in the northern defences
of Baltimore. Four companies were detailed on
guard duty, at Camp Bradford, and remained
there one hundred days, their term of service.
One company did provost guard duty in the city,
another was detailed at Patterson Park Hospital,
and the remaining companies were detailed to
guard the bridges on the Philadelphia, Wilming-
ton and Baltimore Railroad. During the rebel
invasion, one hundred men of the regiment were
mounted, and, at Monocacy, they conducted
themselves so gallantly that they won the official
compliments of the General commanding. Au-
gust the 13th, they were relieved from duty and
returned to -Zanesville, where they were mus-
tered out, August 24th, 1864.

One Hundred and Sixtieth O. V. I. — These
were one hundred-day troops, also ; mustered.
May 1 2th, 1864. Their first duty was guarding
a supply train to Martinsburg — intended for
General Siegel's army, then operating^n that
quarter of Virginia. On its return, it was placed
in the First Brigade, First Divisioo, of General
Hunter's army, and. May 25th, moved with it to
Woodstock, West Virginia ; thence, toward the
front, but was detached and sent back to Mar-
tinsburg, in charge of a supply train. Reaching
the vicinity of Middletown, it discovered that
Mosby's guerillas had made a dash on another
train, in the rear. Colonel Reasoner, with one
hundred and sixty men, marched to the aid of
the train, and after a sharp fight with the enemy,
succeeded in saving a hu-ge amount of Govern-
ment property. The conduct of the troops un-
der fire, was cool, daring, and determined. A
number were wounded, but none killed. The
regiment was kept almost continually march-
ing and countermarching through the Shenan-
doah Valley, very often in charge of large
wagon-trains, on which Mosby's and other rebel
bands of guerillas would make dashes, involving
much skirmishing and danger, through all of
which the regiment conducted itself handsome-
ly. During most of the time, it was without
tents or camp equipage.

One Hundred and Seventy-eighth O. V. I.
— This regiment was organized at Camp Chase,
September 29th, 1864, and at once dispatched
by rail and river to Nashville, Tennesse, with
orders to report to Major General George H.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

293

Thomas, for duty. The regiment remained
there, doing guard duty, some two weeks, when
it was sent to Tullahoma, Tennessee, where it
formed a part of the post command. Nothing
of interest occurred here, excepting that Lieu-
tenant C. A. Poland, of Company B, while out
scouting near Manchester, Tennessee, succeed-:
ed in capturing a noted guerilla, named John
Seal. This cold-blooded murderer was executed
without the formalities of a court martial.

The Adjutant General's office at Columbus,
Ohio, furnishes the record, that Companies A
and F "of this regiment from Muskingum coun-
ty, were enrolled, for the most part, at Zanes-
ville, during August and September, 1864 ; term
of enlistment, one year." The post of Tulla-
homa was evacuated in the winter of 1864, and
the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Ohio was
sent to Murfreesboro. Lieutenant Colonel A. C.
Johnson was appointed Chief of Artillery, and
superintended the moving of all the •artillery and
ordnance from Tullahoma to Murfreesboro, by
rail, and, dui-ing the siege of Murfreesboro by
General Hood's rebel forces, which lasted for
eighteen days, he acted as Chief of Artillery on
General Rousseau's staff. Frequent sorties were
made, in force, from the fort, for foraging pur-
poses, under command of General Milroy, with
severe fighting. The One Hundred and Seven-
ty-eighth was closely engaged, under Colonel
Stafford. In one of these engagements, the reg-
iment lost both of its color-bearers. In the af^
fair at Wilkerson's Pike, the force under General
Milroy, which included this regiment, captured
two fine twelve-pounder Napoleons, and two
hundred prisoners.

After the defeat of General Hood's rebel
army, at Nashville, the One Hundred and Sev-
enty-eighth was brigaded in the First Division,
Third Brigade, Twenty-third Army Corps, and
ordered to North Carolina, and landed at Moore-
head City, of that State, with the Twenty-third
Army Corps, and, a few days thereafter, par-
ticipated in a smart skirmish with the enem}\
under General Johnston, at Wise's Fork. This
was the last affair in which the regiment was
engaged.

General Sherman's army was met and joined
by the Twenty-third Army Corps, at Goldsboro,
North Carolina, and, together, an advance was
made to Raleigh. After Johnston's rebel army
surrendered, the, One Hundred and Seventy-
eighth was ordered to Chai-lotte, North Carolina,
where it performed garrison duty until mustered
out of the service, June 29th, 1865. It was paid
and discharged at Camp Chase, July 10, 1865.

One Hundred and Ninety-fifth O. V. T. —
This regiment was one of a series recruited for
one year, in the early part of 1865, and started
from^ Camp Chase with seven hundred and fifty-
nine men, the majoi-ity of whom had seen service
in other regiments. All its officers were veter-
ans. The regiment arrived at Harper's Ferry,
March 25, 1865, and, after doing garrison duty
for a few days, went into camp near Winchester,
with the troops of General Hancock. While in

this camp, the news of Lee's surrender was re-
ceived, and the regiment was ordered to Alex-,
andria, Virginia, where it performed provost
guard duty, until December i8th, 1865, and was
thence ordered to Washington City, mustered
out, and sent back to Camp Chase. Like all of
the one year regiments recruited in the fall of
1864-5, it was composed of men who had fought
through the whole war up to that period ; and,
when they retired to their homes, they could
truly sa}^ that they had "endured to the end,"
and that their beloved country, through their
help, was once more to enjoy the fruits of their
sacrifice — in peace.

One" Hundred and Ninety-sixth O.V. I. —
This I'egiment organized at Camp Chase, and
was mustered into the service, March 25th, 1865,
and immediately started for Virginia, where it
was assigned to the Ohio Brigade at Winchester.
Of thirty-eight officers comprising the field
staff, and line, there were onty two who had not
served over two vears, and the majority had
served during the war, in other organizations.
More than two-thirds of the men in the One Hun-
dred and Ninety-sixth had belonged to other
regiments, and had been honorably discharged
for wounds, or expiration of term of service. The
men who composed the regiment, were mostly
young men, and as an organization, it was not ex-
celled in appearance, discipline and soldierly
bearing, and though the regiment was not entitled
to inscribe on its colors the name of any engage-
ment, still nearly every battle-field in the Union,
was represented in its ranks.

One Hundred and Ninety-eighth O. V.
I., Company B — There were eight companies
of this intended regiment, fully recruited and
assembled at Camp Chase, all of which had
been mustered in by company, but not as a regi-
ment; before the maximum was reached, how-
ever, the "Confederacy" collapsed, and the
men were sent to their homes.

Thus we close the chapter. That it might
have been fuller of interesting incidents, is no
doubt true, provided some faithful chroniclers
had preserved them. But these that are given,
have a shadow of doubt o'er them now and then,
although this record should have been officially
correct and complete. But when application
was made to the Adjutant General of the State,
for access to data from which to complete this-
chapter, we recieved official answer that that
officer could not afford such data. We there-
upon wrote to the Adjutant General of the
United States and received a similar reply, both
of which we have preserved for reference.
The reader will no doubt be the more thankful
to know that we did not take "no" for an answer,
but mined out from the papers found at Colum-
bus, and in the old drawers of otljer places,
the names given, in the enumeration by regi-
ment and company, and, in some cases, individ-
uals. We have also to regret some discrepan-
cies in "Ohio in the War,' 'from which we have
made copious extracts ; this is no doubt, how-
ever, a reliable work in general, and yet we have

294

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

discovered repetitions, and have undertaken to
avoid this by the method pursued in this chapter.
The difficulties that Mr. Whitelaw Reid had to
encounter in compiHng the history alluded to,
can only be comprehended by those engaged in
similar work, and hence we appreciate his labor,
and say that he deserves the thanks of every
citizen of the State of Ohio.

The following is as complete rosters of the
soldiers from Muskingum County, who served in
the late Rebellion, as could be procured :

THIRD KE&IMENT O. V. I.-COMPANY B.

[Mustered out at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June
21, 1864 ; were first a three months regiment and
then three years.] ^

OFFICERS.

Ephraim P. Abbott, Captain.
Benjamin C. G. Reed, Captain.
Charles Allen, First Lieutenant.
Abram C. WoUack, First Lieutenant.
John B. Johnson, Second Lieutenant.
David H. Harris, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Joseph Fix, David F. Rusk, Lewis A. Kille,
Lewis F. Langley.

CORPORALS.

William A. Fisher, Wilham A. Munson, Wil-
liam H. H. Rusk, Elias Snyder.

PRIVATES.

Hezekiah D. Allison, George W. Bradley,
George H. Cooper, Theodore Capple, John W.
Cockrell, John Connor, James J. Henry, Simon
K. Henry, Thomas D. Hicks, David "M. Hall,
Joseph B. Moore, Samuel Nicholson, Benjamin
Priest, Wilham H. Peairs, Gilbert Snyder, James
Thomas, William D. White.

DISCHARGED.

Joseph W. Frazier, Joel C. Butler, John H.
Crooks, Nathan A. Frazier, Joseph D. Frazier,
James Harris, Frederick W.Jones, Hezekiah Jor-
dan, Edward Meegan, George W. Murdock,
George W. Thompson, James P. Schneibley,
Humphrey Woods.

TRANSFERRED.

Edward Cassidy, William A. Harkness, Abram
C. Kille, John G. Officer, John J. Reiner, Sam-
uel O'K. Reed, Francis G. Harkey, Noah Spring,
Frederick W. Voght.

[No record to show to what branch of the ser-
vice these men were transferred.]

NINETEENTH REGIMENT O.V. I.-COMPANIES K & E

[Mustered out at San Antonio, Texas, October
24th, 1865.]

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Paul F. Kirby, Captain ; enrolled, August 12th,
1861 ; resigned, December 2d, 1862.

George R. Lentz, First Lieutenant ; enrolled,
August I2th, 1861 ; resigned, August 6th, 1862.

PRIVATES.

Jacob p. Durant, Stephen Day, William Lamp-
ton, Henry Romin, Wainright Robert, Joseph
Danwacter, John C. Dixon, Alvin M. Allen, Wil-
ham H. Cook, John Davy, George E. Fluke, Pe-
ter Madden, John Dixon, Thomas McElroy, John
Nelson.

[Company E was mustered out at San Anto-
nio, Texas, October 24th, 1865.]

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Samuel F. Lentz, First Lieutenant, enrolled,
September 12th, 1861 ; died of typhoid fever, Feb-
ruary 16, 1862.

SERGEANTS.

David Vestal, Daniel Beers, Thomas C. Do-
ran.

CORPORALS.

William Nesbaum, William Zeigler.

PRIVATES.

Cornelius Anderson, George Colehouse, John
J. Downer, George W. Hampton, Richmond Ha-
german, Lewis Krouse, Lewis C. Slack, George
W. Winter mute.

VETERAN RECRUITS.

William H. Ehrman, Israel Howard.

THREE YEAR RECRUITS.

Morris Goshen, Monroe Goshen, George J.
Alwood, Seth Dempster, William DefFenbaugh,
Charles H. Ely, Joseph D. Glass, David Hanier,
.Henry C. Harris, Frank Nesbaum, Frank H.
Nimkirk, Orin Perdew, Thos. J. Phillips, Chas.
A. Smallwood, David Sowers.

MISSING.

Miller D. Goble.

DISCHARGED.

William H. Cooper, F. Northrop Jennings,
Frederick W. Willey, John H. Allen, John Bel-
mire, Anthonj^ Boolinger, James S. Crosby, John
D. Deffenbaugh, John H. Dawson, George S.
Drake, Isaac P. Farquhar, Francis M. Filler,
John A. France, John C. Griffith, Stephen Gris-
singer, Richard Hewald, Samuel C. Haver, Geo.
W. Little, Peter McGeorge, Henry McBride,
George W. Oaks, Samuel C. Parkinson, James
W. Parks. Andrew Rush, David Robinson, Geo.
J. Swunk, Frederick Vogt.

TRANSFERRED.

William Dixon, to Veteran Reserve Corps,
August 15th, 1864.

TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.-COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

John W. Brooks, Captain.
Burch Forester, First Lieutenant.
William A. DeHass, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Charles D. Rathbone, Washington- L. Duval,
Peter T. Smock, Robert Longley, William T. T,
Hampton.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGyM COUNTY, OHIO.

295

CORPORALS.

Robert S. Grim, Thomas J. Clark, Dennis
Sullivan, Edward C. Greiner, John Nesline.

PRIVATES.

Geo. S. Buckingham, Adam P. Brown, Wil-
liam H. Clayton, John G. Cottonbrook, Alfred
H. Donaldson, David H. Dickson, Charles H.
Draper, William Doyle, John W. Fluke, Michael
Gleakert, John W. "Hattan, George B. Howard,
Joseph Dogan, Jacob Longley, Henry C. McCoy,
Joseph McNeil, George W. Meyers, Francis
Pritchard, John Richey, James Sullivan, Ezra T.
Smith, Samuel Stokes, George B. Sparks, Sanr
ford Smith, Isaac C. Smith, William W. Slack,
Marcus J. Knapp, John Tool, Benoni E. Willis,
William H. Walcutt.

The Captain of this company was Brigade In-
spector of the Third Brigade, Second Division,
Twenty-first Army Corps, by Special Order,
No. 89.

The First Lieutenant was on Signal duty, in
the Secohd Division, Twenty -first Army Corps,
by Special Order, No. 14, and was transferred to
Companv B, by Special Order, No. 9, July 4th,
1863.

The Second Lieutenant was transferred to Com-
pany B, by Special Order, No. 9, July 4th, 1863.

TWENTY-rOTTRTH RBG-IMBNT O. V. I— COMPANY B.

[Enlisted for three years ; mustered out at
Columbus, Ohio, June 21st, 1864.]

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Shelton Sturgess, Captain ; enrolled May 30th,
1861 ; promoted to Major, November 4th, 1861.

Samuel H. Wheeler, First Lieutenant; en-
rolled May 30th, 1861 ; promoted to Captain,
July 23d, 1861, and transferred to Company A ;
died November 29th, 1861.

Henry S. Harding, Second Lieutenant ; en-
rolled May 30th, t86i -, transferred to Company
D, July 23d, 1861. (No record of muster out.)

Farley D. Bissett, Second Lieutenant ; en-
rolled May 30th, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant
Major, August 3d, 1861 ; transferred to Company
H, December i8th, 1861 ; resigned, January 3d,
1862.

SERGEANTS.

Chas. D. Rathbone, Peter T. Smock, Robt.
Longley, Wm. T. F. Hampton, and Robt. S.
Grimm.

CORPORALS.

Thomas J. Clark, Dennis Sullivan, and John
Tovel.

PRIVATES.

Edward C. Greiner, John Nesline, George L.
Buckingham, Adam R. Brown, Alfred H. Don-
aldson, Wm. Doyle, John W. Hatton, Joseph
Logan, Jacob Longley, Henry C. Leckey,
Henry McCoy, George W. Meyers, Benjamin
Pritchard, John Richey, Thornton W. Robbins,
James Sullivan, Samuel Stockes, G. W. B.
Sparks, Sanford Smith, Wm. W. Slack, Nathan

McCann, Wm. C. Roberts, George W. B.
Dixon, George W. Arnot, Edmund D. Grove,
Richard Adams, Randolph C. Austin, Milton B.
C. Atkinson, Thomas J. Erwin, Thomas J. Lear,
Mounts Nichols, George S. Parker, George
W. Powell, Henry I. Smith, John Stone, Alex.
Winn.

DISCHARGED.

Jeremiah Haley, Wm. H. Jones, Wilson S.
Roberts, Patrick Brady, Wm. Condon, Edward
DunUj, George F. Daniels, George W. Deiterich,
Peter Fresch, Joseph Kelley, George W. Long-
ley, George W. Langan, James E. McGraveran,
Joseph McNeil, Christopher Robinson, Thurston
Reed, Oscar W. Skidmore, James Savage, Ezra
T. Smock, Richard T. Smith, Marquis William-
son, Washington L. Duval, John G. Cotton-
brook, Chas. D. Draper, Michael Gleahart,
George B. Howard, Isaac C. Smith, Marcus J.
Thrapp, Benoni E. Willis, George Blessing,
Uriah Magee, Isaac R. Nicol, Elijah M. Tom,
Silas T. Staffy, Wm. Lenhart, Cornelius- Moon,
W^m. Lenhart, Lyman W. Baines, Ebenezer
Tooman, Wm. Short, Samuel F. Wallace.

THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V I.-COMPANY G.

[Company enrolled at Zanesville, Ohio, Au-
gust 1st, 1861, for three years. Mustered out
at Louisville, Kentucky, July 20th, 1865.

OFFICERS.

William D. Hamilton, Captain ; enrolled Au-
gust ist, 1861.

. Albert J. Spaulding, First Lieutenant; enroll-
ed August 1st, 1861.

Ulysses Westerbrook, Second Lieutenant ; en-
rolled August 1st, 1861.

SERGEANTS.

Sheldon Guthrie, enrolled August ist, 1861 ;
promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Tliirty-second
Regiment, May 22d, 1865.

CjTus A. Stephens, enrolled August ist, 1861.

R. Fulton Smart, enrolled August ist, 1861 ;
promoted to Second Lieutenant, June nth, 1864;
resigned August 24th, 1864.

George Roberts, enrolled August ist, 1864.

CORPORALS.

Warner Wiles, enrolled August ist, 1861 ; pro-
moted to Captain, May 22d, 1865.

George Worst, Benjamin F. Keys, Edward
M. Coe.

PiilVATES.

Martin Acher, Henry Axline, Newton J. Ab-
bott, Charles W. Black, George W. Bentley,
William R. Boyer, George W. Boyd, (enlisted
August ist, 1861, promoted to First Lieutenant,
Thirty-second Regiment, November i8th, 1864)
Lewis Black, Thomas E. Burton, Stephen D.
Crawford, Gilbert B. Crawford. John N. Cross-
land, William Craig, Theodore Cooper, John
Carlow, William M. Croft, George W.. Clark.
William T. Dollison, Richard Davison, John
Eoff", David French, Simon Frances, Leander

296

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

GrandstafF, John W. Griffith, Henry Hughes,
William H. Hewett, George H. Harvey, Nathan
G. Harvey, Robert I. Hamilton, Henry Hamil-
ton, Arthur T. Hamilton, George W. Johnson,
Isaiah Jones, George W. Kildow, Walter Low-
ery, Robert Larzelere, James H. Lenhart, Wil-
liam Little, William H. McCammon, John Mil-
ler, Cornelius Murphy, Samuel Murphy, Henry
H. MeHck, Reuben H. Morgan, Rufus A. Nor-
man, Wm. Ortlipp,Sam'l H. Prior, David Prior,
Jas. W. Rutter, Francis M. Rider, Isaiah Rible,
Abraham Reddick, Volney B. Stetzer, Christo-
pher Sipe, David A. Sherrard, Richard F. Sow-
ers, Thomas M. Smart, Alfred Sniff, Isaac Sut-
tles, Sylvester Starkey, Alfred Shiplet, Alonzo
L. Vickers, Abel E. Walters, Henry C. Woolf,
William H. Wilson, William H.'T. Wilson,
Robert V. Welsh, Francis White.

SIXTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.-COMPANY A.

[Mustered in, in October, 1861 ; mustered out
at Canip Chase, October 3d, 1864.]

OFFICERS.

Robert W. P. Muse, Captain ; enrolled, Au-
gust 1st, 1861 ; promoted to Major, August 27th,
1862; resigned, June 13th, 1863.

George W. Stein, Captain.

Lewis Moore, First Lieutenant ; enrolled, Oc-
tober loth, 1861 ; promoted to Captain of Com-
pany E, June 19th, 1864.

William Dorsey, First Lieutenant.

William W. Woodland, First Lieutenant.

John Blessing, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled,
October I oth, 1861 ; resigned,. November 16th*
1862. •

Edward O. G. Reed, Second Lieutenant; en-
rolled, August loth, 1861 ; resigned, July i6th,
1863.

SERGEANTS.

John E. Deeble, George H. Playford, Samuel
S. Gibbons, Granville Congrove.

CORPORALS.

Alonzo Fleming, Charles Ninekirk, Enoch
Riley, Lewis H. Ferrell, James H. Ford, Joseph
Laning.

PRIVATES.

James Adams, Robert Adams, Arnold Amick,
Charles Buckmaster, Andrew Becart, Americus
Coulter, William Day, Henry File, Benjamin
Ferrell, Andrew Niles, David Ilahn, David Ila-
zen, Jacob Hazen, Jacob Inglehart, John P. Mur-
ray, Charles Murray, Samuel A. Murray, John
McElroy, John S. McWinnee, James Nelson,
Thomtery Pritchard, Jordan Pritchard, Benjamin
Payne, Robert Ritchie, Frederick Rushey, Dan-
iel Rushey, Solomon B. Ross, Judson C". Scott,
Anthony Trost, Julius Webber.

TRANSFERRED.

James E. Hammel, to Veteran Reserve Corps,
February 15th, 1864 ; Charles Dickinson, to Vet-
eran Reserve Corps, March 4th, 1864 ; Alexan-
der Dubois, to One Hundred and Fourteenth O.

V. I. ; John F. Stewlock, to Veteran Reserve
Corps, November 4th, 1863.

DISCHARGED.

Richard Adams, Nicholas Alubrust, Lewis
Bickel, David E. Bissett, William H. Crowel,
Patrick Daly, James Dickenson, John Enneman,
Conrad Fisher, Augustus Hass, Charles Hines,
Jacob Huff, Jacob Hadley, Isaac Highfield, Mi-
chael Hoefer.

FIFTEENTH O. V. I.— COMPANY A.

The former officers were as follows :

Cyrus A. Reynolds, Captain.

Cyrus Reasoner, First Lieutenant ; promoted
to Captain of Company H.

John R. Clark, First Lieutenant ; resigned.

Elza T. Stringer, First Lieutenant ; resigned.

Samuel T. Storer, Second Lieutenant ; re-
signed.

Andrew E. Smiley, Second Lieutenant ; killed.

Andrew J. Gleason, Second Lieutenant; pro-
moted to Adjutant.

The officers at the time of mustering out, were :

Jesse L. Grimes, Captain.

Peter J. Gardner, First Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

John J. Gregor\', William E. Richey, William
A. Ferguson, William H. Ogg, Charles L.
Reeder.

CORPORALS.

William T. McKinney, John D. Fleming,
Johnston Hammond, James W. Paxton, Frank
L. Schreiber, John G. Decker, John A. McKin-
ney, Jacob Krissinger.

MUSICIAN.

Arnold S. Johns.

PRIVATES.

William Alexander, James W. Anderson, Ben-
jamin B. Briggs, Joseph S. Brown, Robert B.
Browti, William L. Brown, Jacob Campbell,
Wilson A. Carey, Andrew Decker. William Den-
nis, William Dodds, Samuel B. Few, George A.
Gardner, James D. Givin, Hugh Gormlev, Wil-
liam D. Gregory, Samuel R. Guthrie, Jesse
Hackett, Charles Hammond, Solomon Ham-
mond, William Hammond, Emmet Hart, Jere-
miah llartong, William H. Hattield, John Mitch-
ell, Ai Moore, Francis Muller, John W. McCrea,
Hugh McWhirter, Joseph Noble, Samuel L.
Patterson, Nathaniel A. Smith, Francis M. TeeL
James G. Thompson, Joseph E. Whissen, Jacob
O. White, James W. White, John Wilson, Peter
Wycoff, John W. Wylie, David W. Wylie, Con-
verse Wylie.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS DISCHARGED.

James S. Boyd, Joseph McKinney, Hugh M.
Cox, James Deemer,~~7james Goliher, and Wil-
liam Donaldson.

PRIVATES DISCHARGED.

James E. Anderson, Parker C. Bird, Robert

The Courier.

Oldest Republican Newspaper in the
Muskingum Valley— Steam Job Rooms
AND Book-Bindery— Interior Views of a
Model Printing House at Zanesville.

The first Whig newspaper estab-
lished in the Muskingum Valley
was the Ohio Republicmi, lounded
in 1823 by Col. David Chambers.
Through a long line of succession
the Daily and Weekly Courier
are the representatives of that
early journalistic venture ; and it
need not be suggested that the
"art preservative" has kept pace
with the grand march of progress.

The interior views of the build-
ing occupied by the Courier at
No. 32 Opera Block, North Fifth
street, present some conception of
the most complete newspaper
establishment in South Eastern Ohio. The Daily
patronage of the citizens of Zanesville, while th

NEWSPAPER COMPOSING ROOM.

esteem it their duty to labor for the promotion of
the conduct of the daily and weekly newspapers it
before their readers- such informa-
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purpose. No pains or expense
are spared to procure and accu-
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sections of the world. The
Courier makes a special feature of
telegraphic market reports from
the great centers of trade, as well
as faithful reports of transactions
in commercial and manufacturing
circles at home. The Courier
carries on its pay-roll 44 persons.
The -various departments are per-
sonally managed by the members
of the firm : the Business and Me-
chanical by J. H. Dodd; Edito-
rial, by T. J. Newman ; and City
and Advertisinp-bv R. B. Brown.

STEAM JOB ROOMS.

Courier enjoys in an eminent degree the favor and
e Weekly Courier reaches thousands and thousands of
readers in this valley, and goes
freighted with news to other thou-
sands who have sought homes in
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The Steam Job Rooms are fur-
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The Book Bindery occupies a
large, airy and well lighted hall,
40x80 feet. The manufacture of
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carried on extensively, while spe-
cial attention is given to binding
in all its forms, including maga-
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The proprietors ot the Courier
the material interests of the Muskingum Valley, and in
has been, and will continue tobd, their purpose to spread

PRESS ROOM.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

297

P. Boyd, Levi Boyer, John Brown, William H.
Brown, James T. Case, Thomas B. Cherry,
Matthew R. Cherry, Matthew Cherry, Samuel
Croft, John T. Crow, George W. Donaldson,
Levi D. Elliott, Samuel Evans, William Foresha,
Adoniram J. Ferguson, Albert G. Fleming,
Lewis Forsythe, John B. Galbraith, Adam Ham-
mond, Robert Hammond, Samuel L. Harper,
John Hartong, William L. Henderson, Jacob H.
Herdman, James W. Howell, Oliver S. Langan,
James Little, Samuel H. Lorimer, John Mercer,
William Mel one, Robert H. Moorehead, Wesley
A. McDonald, John S. McKinney, Charles E.
McKinney, Richard McKinney, William W.
McKinney, John A. Nelson, John D. Patterson,
Thomas Ramsey, Samuel Rankin, Robert W.
Thompson, Josiah Whitaker, Edwin A. Wilhelm,
Samuel Williams, James Wilson, David Wilson,
Robert B. Woodi-uft", Joseph Wood, Greenville
Wyhe, Isaac Wylie, William R. Stewart, Sam-
uel W. Thompson, Joseph Caldwell, Lloyd H.
Jones, Samuel Robb, William L. Wolf, John W.
Wilson.

TRANSFERRED.

William Scott, Peter Hammond, Jeremiah M.
Patterson, Edward Richardson, Willison B.
White, John Wycoff.

SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry M. West, Lieutenant Colonel.

Thomas J. Piatt, Major.

John H. Saylor, Assistant Surgeon.

John C. Gregg, Chaplain.

Joel Fickle, Commissary Sergeant.

Stuart McBeth, Hospital Steward,

Isaac G. Hatcher, Adjutant.

William I. Wolfley, Assistant Surgeon.

Francis M. Kahler, Major.

James C. Morrison, Adjutant.

Joshua B. Larimer, Adjutant.

Joseph C. Tomlins, Adjutant.

Craven W. Clowe, Regimental Quartermaster.

Augustus C. Barlow, Surgeon.

Joseph Shaw, Regimental Quartermaster.

Alex. H. Strong, Hospital Steward.

Aaron D. Yocum, Sergeant Major.

Samuel B. Taylor, Lieutenant Colonel.

COMPANY A SERGEANTS.

Thomas D. Showers, (enrolledfor three years,
September 20th, 1861, promoted to Second Lieu-
tenant, and transferred to Company E, Sixty-
second O. V. I.) Rufus P. Stokeley, William
Lowrey, Calvin Woodruff, Alfred P". Milligan,
William H. Stoneburner.

CORPORALS.

Eli Stainbrook, Emanuel Allman, John Pid-
cock, Benjamin F. Storer, John Barber, Hiram
Dickes, Thomas C. Iliff.

PRIVATES.

A. N. Hart, Jno. J. Mechling, Isaac J. Hitch-
cock, Jos. Adams, Wm. B. Adamson, Jos. Arm-

strong, Thomas J. Burley, William Bagley, Isaac
Brown, James C. Buchanan, Isaac W. Cooper,
Josephus Clapper, Michael J. Cunningham, John
W. Coe, Charles H. Conway, George W.
Dozer, William L. Deterick, Alexander Dennis,
William Edwards, Isaac N. Driggs, Reuben
French, Edward J. Flowers, Charles F. Hood,
Joseph Jones, (enrolled for three years, Septem-
ber 19th, 1861, by Captain William Edwards;
commissioned as First Lieutenant, and trans-
ferred to Ninety-seventh Regiment O. V. I.,
September loth, 1862 ; veteran volunteer) , Frank-
lin P. King, Jacob H. McKeever, (enrolled for
three years at Roseville, September 24th, 1861 ;
veteran volunteer ; transferred to Sixty-seventh
Regiment), WilHam H. McLain, Nathan R.
Pettit, Francis Prior, Eli Hitchcock, Steward
Pidcock, William Pitcock, George W. Ross,
John W. Rambo, William Robinson, David M.
L. Swingle, Benoni P. Stokely, William M.
Stout, Thomas N. Sowers, George W. Simmons,
Townsend Updike, Troy Wells, Perry Wiles,
Joseph Wiley, (transferred to Sixty-seventh O.
V. I.), James Woodruff, Henry Ditts, Jackson
Tharp, John F. Ball, John W. Bangham, Ben-
jamin. Brown, John Colbert, Adam Dennis, Wes-
ley F. Deavver, George W. Deavver, John M.
DoUison, Morgan Devore, John French, Jacob
Grapes, Amos Groves, Hiram C. Harvey, Sam-
uel Hoster, Jeremiah F. Horner, John M. Hitch-
cock, John Longstreth, Robert Powell, Peter
Rose, William Turner, Harmon Updike, Charles
Worstall, Oliver Watts, William Edwards, (en-
rolled as Second Lieutenant, October 8th, 1861,
for a term of three years ; appointed Captain, Oc-
tober nth, 1861 ; promoted to Major, June, 1863 ;
wounded and taken prisoner at Fort Wagner,
Jul}-, 1863; died of wounds, August 28, 1863, at
Charleston, South Carolina), David Sowers,
Milton Driggs, Elijah Edwards, Godfrey Smal-
lej, (Hospital Steward).

[Enrolled for three years ; transferred to Sixty-
seventh O. V. I. The information given of Com-
pany A, Sixty-second O. V. I., is taken from
the historical muster-in roll, which, in some par-
ticulars, does not agree with the original muster-
in roll.]

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

Samuel B. Larimer, Second Lieutenant, .en-
rolled as a private, at Zanesville, October 5,
1861 ; appointed Second Lieutenant November,
1861 ; promoted to Captain ; discharged October
22d, 1864, at expiration of term of service.

PRIVATES.

Noah F. Barnes, William Dicken, WilHam
Fickel, William Gi'een, Peter P. Lucas, John
D. Lucas, Albert Nichols, Salathiel A. Hitch-
cock, John Barnes, Isaac Dennv, William Hoy,
Edmond W. Hatcher, Samuel McClellan, Geo.
Pace, William Ramsey, George Ruse, Richard
Skinner, John SchaefFer, Stephen Swingle,
Isaac Bennett, Josiah Latta.

COMPANY F OFFICERS .

Patterson Hirst, Captain.

298

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Jesse Horrick, First Lieutenant; enrolled for
three years, October 4th, 1861.

Wm. McLaren, Second Lieutenant, enrolled
private, October 24th, 1861 ; appointed

Second Lieutenant, November 14th, 1861.

SERGEANTS.

Norman H. Chamberlin, Robert Sharp, Joseph
Shaw, James I. Cole, and Edward Barton.

CORPORALS.

Silas D. Kain, enrolled for three years, Octo-
ber 7th, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant.

Robert Fell, Henry Jackson, Jacob Campbell,
Andrew R. Beeman, John W. Comegyer, Isaac
Murray, and Frank Lank.

PRIVATE^.

Frank Adams, Alexander James, Noah Austin,
Daniel Bailey, James Baker, W. H. Blake, John
Barstow, Samuel Barstow, Levi Barstow, Wm.
Brown, John L. Bailey, George Collins, Wm.
Collins, Barrett Conrad, John Cassel, Jacob Cox,
Elisha Cay, George Dittenhover, Wm. Forest,
Daniel Garrett, Frank Gressel, Thomas Gould,
David Goodwin, Zongin Grilich, George W.
Hirst, (enrolled for thi^ee years, October 7th,
1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant ; dischared
October 12th, 1864, at expiration of term of
service ;) James Henderson, Michael Henry,
James Howell, Samuel Haltkurson, Kinsy
Irwin, Henry Johnson, Lewis C. Jordan, John
Logan, Daniel McKain, John McDowell, John
McLees, Chas. McCoy, Geo. McNight, Geo. Mil-
ler, Wm. Metz, Geo. Moss, Isaac Morgan, D.
Flemmings Mathew, Henry Musselman, Chas.
Nimms, James H. Ogle, Charles OfFord, Joseph
Parkerson, Gilbert Powers, John Palmer, Isaiah
Poorman, Wm. Read, James Read, John Ray-
nols, Isaac M. Rogers, Conrad Shoemaker,
John Shoyer, Joseph Stiner, George Saffle,
Nickelous Straws, James Steward, Samuel
Shear, Joseph Smith, Frank Sylvan, Wm.
Sauntman, Wm. Stanley, Wm. Frickle, Henry
Vinsel, Frank Wyatt, George W. Wyatt, Isaac
Wyatt, James Walters, Thomas West, George
Wright, John Woortman, Wm. Wood, George
Wray, Leonard Wagers, Farren Wisley, Adam
Yeost, Wm. Ramsey, John Shaffer, Stephen
Swingle, Dennis Shaw, James Kilmartin, Joshua
Wright, George W. Brown, Wm. H. Frazier,
Harmon King, Hiram W. McVicker, Jonathan
Newton, Jacob Swingle, John W. Ross, Ilem^
M. Copland, Daniel W. Welch, Stewart McBeth,
Wm.P.Bell.

COMPANY I— PRIVATES.

[No officers from Muskingum county.]
James K. Bullock, Oliver Kinsey, Gillead
Moore, Wm. McCreary, Gardner D. Newcomb,
Benjamin D. Reed, Joseph Ream, Henry
Sweesy, Joseph A. Hutching.

SIXTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.-COMPANY F.

[This detachment of Company F was enrolled

at Zanesville, during January and February,
1864, for three years.]

PRIVATES.

John Barnes, Wm. R. Dickens, Vincent
Edington, Wm. Hoy, Edward Hatches, Samuel
McClellan, Wm. McCullough, George Pace,
Wm. Ramsey, John Shaffee, Isaac Bennett,
Josiah Latta, Albert Nichols, Jeremy C. Teter,
Salathial A. Hitchcock, Isaac Denny, George
Ruse, Avei'y Black, Richard Skinner.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

[This regiment was organized Januarj- nth,
1862.]

, FIELD AND STAFF.

Greenberry F. Wiles, Colonel ; enrolled Octo-
ber 26th, 1861, for three years, as First Lieuten-
ant of Company B, Seventy-eighth Regiment,
O. V. I ; December 13th, 1861, appointed Cap-
tain ; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, May loth,
1863 ; to Colonel, July 23d, 1863 ; to Brevet
Brigadier General, March 13th, 1865.

Mortimer D. Leggett, Lieutenant Colonel ;
promoted to Colonel, and Brigadier General,
November 29th, 1862 ; appointed Lieutenant
Colonel, and mustered into service, December
i8th, 1861, for a term of three years : January
2 1st, 1862, appointed Colonel : promoted to Brig-
adier General, November 29th, 1862.

Gilbert D. Munson, Lieutenant Colonel.

David F. Carnahan, Major.

Israel C. Robinson, Major.

John E. Jewett, First Lieutenant and Adjutant.

John C. Doug"lass, First Lieutenant and
Quai'termaster.

Ohphant M. Todd, Chaplain.

James S. Reeves, Surgeon. November 21st,
1861.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Howard S. Abbott. Sergeant Major: enrolled
as a private, October 28th. i86i, for three years :
appointed Sergeant Major, January nth, 1862.

Henrv E. Bigelow. Simon C. Search. Chas.
C. Wiles.

COMl'ANV A OFFICERS.

Russell Bethel, First Lieutenant ; enrolled for
three years, December 26, 1864 ; appointed As-
sistant Aid de Camp to General R. K. Scott,
March 28th, 1865 ; mustered out with company,
July nth, 1865.

James T. Caldwell, Second Lieutenant: en-
rolled October 24th, 1861, for three years; mus-
tered in as a private ; appointed Second Lieuten-
ant, November 25, 1861.

SERGEANTS.

Louis W. A. Sinsabaugh, Israel C. Robin-
son, Milton F. Timms. Albert Hendei'son,

CORPORALS.

Isaiah Moore, Ezra G. Warne, Joseph L.
Geyer, George W. Irwin, George F. Smith.

PRIVATES.

James C. Arthur, Winfield S. Ayres, PhiloB."

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

299

Barnum, James M. Brewer, John R. (or H.)
Beyer, Charles M. Gorbin, Henry W. Crawford,
James H. Hiatt, Isaac G. HeiTon, Solomon
Johnson, Abram Johnson, Charles W. Kemmer-
er, Wesley M. Lyon, John Lyons, John F.
Mathews, John L. Matchet, Hiram F. Mercer,
John Mewhiter, Hiram Moorhead, Frank Mun-
spn, George W. Richardson, Geoi"geH. Richey,
Aaron Robinson, J. W. Sarbaugh, George F.
Smith, William Sutton, David R. Thompson,
Mathias Trace, Louis Voght, William R. Wax-
ier, Thomas L. Walters, James R. Wilson, John
J. Wilson, Thomas Bell, Joel D. Herron, Robert
R. Jones, John C. Lorimor, John McConaugh,
Robert B. Nelson, John C. Wallace, Charles S.
Wylie, John L. Boyd, Moses Bash, William R.
Galwood, John A. Henderson, Joseph T.
Matchett, John M. McNutt, James M. Moore,
William Warne, Solomon J. Donaldson, Geoi-ge
H. Mathews, Alexander Cox, John L. Boyd,
John B. Dougherty, Charles S. Wylie.
[Enrolled for three years.]

COMPANY B OFFICERS.

Zachariah M. Chandler, Captain.
Greenberry F. Wiles, First Lieutenant.
Gilbert D. Munson, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

William Fulkerson, Lewis Corder, Nelson D.
Crosby, George W. Beardslee, Robert W. White,
George W. Porter, Adolphus W. Search, (en-
rolled November 27, 1861, for three years; re-
enhsted April i, 1865: appointed Captain, and
transferred to Company A ; mustered out July
II, 1865), Joseph R. Miller.

CORPORALS.

James M. Thompson, Fenton Bagley, James
M. Myers, William H. Weaver, Theodore E.
Dick, Warren McLean.

PRIVATES.

Wesley Anderson, Randolph C. Austin,
Henry C. Bangus, Charles Barrell, John F.
Baird, Joseph H. Baker, Lewis Corder, John
Cherry, James W. Carson, Henry Crooks, Enoch
Curtis, Nelson D. Crosby, Henry Drone, Isaac
Drumm, Samuel Dickinson, David Edwards,
JohnT. Gardner, Samuel N. Goulding, Christo-
pher Hart, James Henderson, Henry C. Jones,
George W. Loy, James P. Melick, James H.
Myers, Branson S. Miller, Willianj F. Miller,
John T. Moore, Amos Norman, James M. Pow-
ell, Leroy A. Roberts, James Simpson, WiUiam
Shiplett, David Sherrard, Jr., Alva B. Sniff,
John M. Varner, Solomon Wilson, Jacob
Younger, William C. Younger, Joseph Ansel,
Charles H. Bunker, Daniel F. Ritter, Clements
Conn, Robert D. Dilts, Monroe Knight, Luther
D. Morgan, Uriah H. McClannahan, Andrew
J. Mills, George W. Perry, Charles Roberts,
Leonard Beddick, James J. Sims, Elijah Stone-
burner, Peter J. Snyder, Albert Stigle, Jesse

Smithley, Isaac Springer, Charles P. Bowers,
Silas W. Fickel, Thomas J. Howell, Jacob Wil-
son, Simon C. Search, Clements Bell, Benjamin
Johnson, Henry Jackson, Charles P. Bowers.
Andrew J. Bell, Crapps Nicholas, Samuel T.
Lewis, Joseph B. Lane, Jackson Simpsoa.

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

Samuel W. Spencer, Captain.

William C. Godfrey, First Lieutenant; mus-
tered as private, for three years, October 30th,
1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant, December
14th, 1861.

' Thomas E. Ross, Second Lieiitenant ; mus-
tered as private, for three years, November 21st,
1861 ; appointed Second Lieutenant, December
14th, 1861.

Charles C. Wiles, First Lieutenant ; re-enlist-
ed, January 12th, 1864, for three years ; honora-
bl}^ discharged, July nth, 1865.

SERGEANTS.

Asa C. Cassidy, James A. Brown, Robert T.
Nelson, Alexander Scales, Christopher Stock-
dale, Michael Henry, James Crabtree, George
W. Sylvester, Benjamin H- Sanders, Frederick
Henry.

CORPORALS.

William Ross, Samuel Bateman, John A.
Launder, Isaac F. Lee, William L. Gillogy, Jo-
seph Starrott, David Pierce, George M. Alter,
Eli Berr, John Cottonbrook, Enoch Pearson,
Robert H. Abbott, Joseph K. Hall, Francis Mus-
selman.

PRIVATES.

William E. Baker, James Bellinger, Edward
Barrett, Russell Bethel, Francis B. Baker, Lewis
Bagley, James Brennan, James A. Baker, Al-
pheus P. Boylan, David F. Bryant, Francis
Bateman, Levi Culver, Edward Cassidy, Alex-
ander Clark, James Combs, Asa Culver, John
Cantwell, Noah H. Decker, William Downer,
Daniel W. Donavan, Joshua Downerd, Darius
T. S. Elliott, James H. Echelberg, Charles D.
Flowers, James M. Fisher, James W. Fairchild,
Robert W. Fryer, Dennis Fredina, Peter Gibaut,
Michael Henry, George C. Hall,. Jesse Hyatt,
Joseph R. Hoskins, Thomas J. F. Howes, Wil-
liam Hanes, Cyrus E. James, Richard H. Jor-
dan, John W. Jones, John Lightner, William M.
Laughlin, James A. Mercer, James A. Morton,
Thomas J. Miner, Alexander McGregor, Robert
McAdams, James H. McCoy, Augustus F. Peliz-
saus, George Perry, Samuel J. Reed, James
Smith, William Swank, Mathias Thomas, Ran-
som L. White, James W. Watson, William H.
H. White, Samuel Woods, Augustus Yalea,
William Armstrong, Samuel Buckingham, Ar-
thur Clark, James C. Deemer, WiUiam A. Ful-
ton, Arellias Garrell, Charles Hinds, Sylvester
W. Hardesty, David James, Charles W. Lee,
William T. McDonald, Sylvester Mercer, Henry
Taylor, George H. West,' Edward Filgar, Thom-
as Reasoner, Jacob P. Springer, James Penning-
ton, Jacob G. West.

300

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

COMPANY D^OFFICERS.

E. Hills Talley, Captain.

Benjamin A. Blandy, First Lieutenant ; en-
rolled October 25th, 1861, for three years.

Edward S. Harlan; enrolled October 25th,
1861 , for three years ; appointed Second Lieuten-
ant, December 14th, 1861.

Andrew McDaniel, Captain.

John R. Edgar, First Lieutenant.

Milton Ward, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

James C. Harris, Simon P. Joy, William G.
B. McCune, David F. Sullivan, Bishop D. Stall,
James McLaughlin, Amazot Warne, John W.
Butler.

CORPOliALS.

James Sears, James W. Mason, Milton F.
Ward, William H. Sullivan, Enoch Harlan,
James M. Dutro, William J. Frazier, Abel Arter,
David Mitchell, Thomas J. Harlan, Burk Clai-k,
George B. Vandenbark.

PRIVATES.

A. J. Farnum, George F. Darling, Bartley
Beaty, Michael Berry, Henry Crawford, Levi C.
Conn, James Camp, Peter Coss, Albert Demp-
ster, John Edwards, Thomas W. Dutro, James
Finney, John W. Fox, Henry H. Gay, Daniel
Gillespie, Charles J. Gibeaut, Peter Gibeaut,
William F. Huffman, Davis Haines, Thomas J.
Hall, Thomas J. Harlan, Milton Hewett, John
Hamilton, Albert Hunt, Samuel Hoffman,
George W. Hall, Enos T. Hall, Sr., Moses
Howell, John Hufford, Joseph Hubbell, Nathan
Jewett, Daniel Jewett, Harrison W. Joy, Bennia
Joy, Charles S. Kenney, William W. Kenney,
Charles Leach, Samuel Lee, Frank Lowe, John
H. McCune, Francis McGuire, Charles B. Ma-
son, Hugh J. McCallister, Frederick Osborn,
John Q. A. Peyton, William A. Pake, John Pow-
ell, George W. Qiiigley, James F. Quigley,
Wesley Reed, Levi P. Richardson, Nathan
Stotts, Joseph F. Stotts, Geo. B. Smith, George
Squires, Leaven Turner, Amaziah Warner, Ho-
ratio White, John Culver, Oliver B. Crumbaker,
Henry A. Chambers, Robert Cunningham,
Erastus A. Chilcote, Charles W. Clark, Charles
W. Clark, Zenis W. McDowell, Lafayette Davis,
Robert E. Gay, Nicholas Hoosan, George W.
McCurdy, John Newman, Isaac J. NelT, Torence
Peyton, Thomas Parsons, James C. Stewart,
Daniel W. Sthal, Alfred Sigers, Joseph Tolbert,
Hamilton Wallace, Moses Abbott, John Bird,
Lewis Collins, Lemuel G. Dover, William Ech-
elberry, Harrison Echelberry, Allen M. Frazier,
Stephen Gay, William Harlan, Benjamin Har-
lan, William R. Jackson, William McConagha,
Joseph E. Peyton, Oliver Perry, Joshua D. Smith,
Samuel F. Woodburn, John A. Young, Jeremiah
Gardner, David Campbell, James W. Cornelius,
James J. Davis, Llewellyn Echelberry, Samuel
Harper, Daniel Miller, " Richard P. McGill, Jo-
seph Pearce, George Scott, James H. Tom, Na-
thaniel J. White, Israel C.Robinson (enrolled.

November, 1861, for three years ; promoted from
Captain to Major, January 15th, 1865 ; honorably
discharged, July nth, 1865), Henry Tipple, Jo-,
seph E. Peyton, Jr.

COMPANY F OFFICERS.

Avery L. Waller, Captain.

Cyrus M. Roberts, Captain.

Hugh Dunne, First Lieutenant ; mustered as
private, October 25th, 1861, for three years;
appointed First Lieutenant, December 26th,
1861 ; promoted to Captain, March 13th, 1864,
and transferred to Company K.

Joseph Miller, First Lieutenant.

James T. Story, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled
as private, October 26th, 1861, for three years ;
appointed Second Lieutenant, Decemcer 26th,
1861 ; resigned and mustered out, April ist,
1865.

Martin Durant, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Samuel H. Van Kirk, Alexander V. Hagar,
Robert Hanson, Peter W. Sturtz, Isaiah B.
Case, Edward S. Vernon, William Hadden,
WilUam P. Gault.

CORPORALS.

J. B. Case, Benjamin F. Tudor, F. M.
Story, Henry H. Smith, Thomas Hopes, John
W. Burwell,John H. McCall, Samuel J. Taylor^
Orville O. Barnes, George H. Echelberry.

PRIVATES.

Matthew W. Bay, James T. Baj-, Henry
Birkhimer, John Bucksenschuttz, John Baker,
George Bowman, Lewis Bedell, Albert Bedell,
William Bowden, Percival Boyer, Thomas W.
Cook, John H. Crane, Alexander Culbertson,
William Drummond, Richard Dickeson, Michael
Eschman, William C. Garges, Phillip Gibbons,
Samuel Hurrell, Levi Hammond, Clinton V.
Jenkins, Lenhart Leisure, James Lemmon,
James MuUin, Jesse Moorehead, Joseph Moore-
head, Joseph E. McKinney, John A. Newell,
John Oliver, George W. Runion, Andrew J.
Runion, Joel Runion, Joseph Richardson, John
Snider, Dennison G. Sturtz, David Smith, Albert
Smith, John Stover, James Taylor, John W.
Tanner, Solomon Urban, Joseph Van Kirk,
Nicholas Vernon, William Vernon, John J.
Wine, Wesley West, William C. Waters,
Edward C. Wilson, Joseph F. Wilson, Alfred
Weymour, John C. Wylie, Lewis H. Wall,
John Zimm^-man, Hiram Rogers, William C.
Gargis, George Kearns, Thomas Huffman,
Henry Birkheimer, Adam C. Bowman, Caleb
Baker, James Caldwell, Josiah Clark, Alexander
Culbertson, James Galiher, Lewis Huffman,
Joseph E. McKinney, Thomas A. Palmer,
David W. Shaffer, David W. Sprague, Phillip
Gibbons, Robert Hanson, Benjamin Conway,
Jasper Halsey, Alfred Wvmer, Moses Abbott,
Albert G. Gault, David C. Hager, Chas Hol-
comb', Samuel H. Johns, Abraham Jackson,
Peter B. Lane, Dennis Sturtz, Samuel Sprague,

-HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

301

Albert T. Sprague, Elijah Wortman, Jason A.
Barnard, John A. McKinney, Hiram Rogers,
Gabriel H. Holland.

COMPANY G OFFICERS.

Peter Gebhart, Captain.

Iret Rhinehart, Captain.

John W. A. Gillespie, First Lieutenant.

Alfred Wymer, First Lieutenant.

Joseph C. Jenkins, Second Lieutenant.

Cyrus H. Gardner, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

Wilber F. Armstrong, John H. Fenton,
Charles Hines, George W. Johns, Kelsey
Little.

COMPANY I PRIVATES.

Robert Abbott, Henry E. Bigelow, George
W. Steel, John Wilson, Hiram Wilson, James
B. Willis, Joseph Waggoner.

COMPANY K CORPORALS.

Francis Fracker, William E. Bostwick,
Edward English, Francis Godfrey, William
Hackett, William Jordon, John Morrison,
Myrick Myrick, Pator Norville, H. C. Roush,
.James Sutton, James. Tompkins, Roderick
Waters, George L. Bradford, Moses Bash,
Jefferson Blazer, Alexander Cox, David Camp-
bell, John P. Eleton, Llewellen Echelberry, John
W. Garrett, James M. Mose, Daniel Miller,
Richard McGee, Washington Sowers, James
H. Tom, William L. Warren, James Cornelius,
Samuel Harper.

NINETY-SEVENTH O. V. I.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John Q. Lane, Colonel ; enrolled September
3d, 1862, for three years ; received appointment
of Brigadier General of Volunteers, by Brevet,
to date March 13th, 1865.

Milton Barnes, Lieutenant Colonel : enrolled
September 3d, 1862, for three years.

JamesW. Moore, Major ; enrolled September
nth, 1862, for three years ; honorably dischai-ged
October 7th, 1864, by reason of wounds re-
ceived June 22d, 1864.

Charles H. Moore, Adjutant ; enrolled Sep-
tember 5th, 1862, for three years ; reheved from
duty, as Adjutant, at his own request, August
4th, 1864, and assigned to Company B.

John S. Adair, First Lieutenant and Adju-
tant.

William F. Baker, First Lieutenant and
Quartermaster ; enrolled September 5th, 1862, for
three years.

Charles M. Mathews, First Lieutenant and
Quartermaster.

Thomas W. Gordon, Surgeon.

Thomas A. Stewart, Surgeon ; enrolled for
three years, September 2d, 1862 ; honorably

discharged.
Joseph W.
James T.

Caldwell, Assistant Surgeon.
Edwards, Assistant Surgeon ; en-

rolled for three years, September 4th, 1862 ; re-
signed December 12th, 1862.

William H. McFarland, Chaplain.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Alfred B. Woodford, Henry Marquard, John
H. Drake, Jerome B. Egbert, Aaron B. Clug-
ston, Benjamin F. Willey, Charles H. Jones,
Sergeant Major ; enrolled September 2d, 1862,
for three years ; promoted to Second Lieutenant,
Company G, December 8th, 1862.

George Campbell, William Greaves, Charles
H. Burwell ; enrolled September ist, 1862, for
three years ; promoted to First Lieutenant, Com-
pan}"- E, same regiment* February 26th, 1864.

Elisha P. Potter, enrolled August 5th, 1862,
for three years; May 24th, 1865, promoted to
First Lieutenant, Company B, same regiment.

Dennis Lovell.

COMPANY E OFFICERS.

George Egan, Captain.

G. E. Hull, First Lieutenant.

Frederick Geiger, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS .

Louis S. Cox, enrolled July 20th, 1862, for
three years ; promoted to First Lieutenant, March
13th, 1863; transferred to Company K, to ac-
cept promotion as Captain.

John M. Dillon.

Llewellyn Echelberry, enrolled August 15th,
1862, for three years ; promoted to Second Lieu-
tenant, March 13th, 1863.

Newton Wheeler, John Foster, Hiram Jack-
son.

CORPORALS.

Joel H. Berry, Henry C. Slaughter, Enos F.
Taylor, Henry T. Honnold, John Barnell, New-
ton Wheeler, Calvin Waxier, John W. Roff,
Henry Joy, John Lham, William H. Sutton,
Michael Sandle, Andrew W. Bell.

PRIVATES.

Howard Aston, Andrew Ault, Alvin B. Bar-
tholomew, Joseph Baughman, Daniel C. C.
Bishop, Samuel A. Bull, David Burtch, Benja-
min F. Cornwell, Robert Davis, Lafayette F.
Decker, William Edgell, John S. Erwin,
George Fell, James Forrest, Jacob Gleeck, James
D. Griffin, Amos G. Honnold, George R. John-
son, Hiram Larrison, Charles H. Lucas, Josiah
H. Lucas, Josiah A. Lydig, Robert McNeal,
Joseph Petet, Samuel L. Plants, John W. Biggs,
Charles D. Robinson, David A. Ross, Ross
David, Ezra Ross, James Ross, William H.
Ruse, Willam Sealover, Ira Shifflet, John C. W.
Smirr, Nixon Stewart, John J. Sturtz, Nicholas
Sunkel, George W. Watts, John Waxier, Seth
C. Wilhelm, George W. Wires, Henry Wise
carver, Jacob Wisecarver, Joll. M. Berry, Theo-
dore A. Decker, John W. Riggs, Frederick
Lohrenz, John M. Dillon, Henry F. Honnold,
Henry C. Slaughter, T. J. Shephard.

302

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO..

COMPANY F OFFICERS.

William Hannah, Captain.
George A. Lemmert, First Lieutenant.
John L. Ogle, First Lieutenant.
Alexander H. Kirtland, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

John H. Ash, John D. Ogle, WilHam Shutts,
Sylvanus Cass, Norris R. Shaffer, Henry Bur-
ns, Joseph Harper, Stephen J. Ogle, David S.
Emans.

CORPORALS.

Martin W. Griffin, Jacob Aug, Flenry Mar-
quand, Abram Murphy, John J. Lee, Washing-
ton Spence, Thomas Tilton, William Marquand,
John T. Mossman, Patrick Brennan.

PRIVATES. '

Benjamin F. Willey, William Doneker, Joseph
Adams, William J. Brown, Josiah Baugher, John
M. Baugher, George W. Baum, Joseph A. Ba-
ker, Amos Butler, Charles Crozier, Frederick
Cassingham, George M. Crane, WiUiam S.
Clements, Jedediah, S. Collins, John H. Cass,
Matthew Crawford, James Duiggins, Benjamin
F. Evans, William M. Fluhart, David A. Gib-
bons, Joshua Gingery, Daniel L. Gonder, Ed-
ward J. Hickey, John Helms, John Aunter, Jay
B. Hindel, Samuel Flazen, John Johnson, John
Jones, Franklin Kreider, Charles C. Kimble,
James Knight, Washington Morgan, WiUiam
Marquand, James Murphy, Samuel Miller, Rob-
ert McCann, John D. Oden, Elmer Porter,
Dwight Ross, Nathaniel Ricketts, Henry M.
Ray, Henry Schonler, Isaac N. Smartwood,
George W. Story, Julius E. Smith, Mathias
Slaughter, Isaac N. Thompson, George Tooth-
man, George Vickers No. i, George Vickers
No. 2, George R. Wright, Stephen Vickers,
Charles W. Wolford, Robert Wallace, Nathaniel
Woodford, Lewis C. Lovell, Martin W. Griffin,
Abram Murphy, Samuel Cass, John E. Davis,
Josiah C. Roberts, David D. Davis.

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

Wm. C. Tanner, Captain.

James H. Linn, Captain.

Joseph F. Gorsuch, Captain ; enrolled August
2d, 1862, for three years ; mustered in as Ser-
geant; honorably discharged June loth, 1865.

George Randall, First Lieutenant.

JohnW. Marshall, First Lieutenant.

James H. Linn, Second Lieutenant.

Chas. H. Jones, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

John W. Sidle, John W. Saladee, Alex. Simp-
son, James E. Cook, Howard M. Sedwick, Wm.
D. Bonner, Jesse Conn, Thomas Ditter.

CORPORALS.

John M. Bell, Wm. Graham, Henry Cooper,
Mark Fountain, John Harvey, Jacob C. Francis,
Wm. Wires, Lycurgus Drone.

PRIVATES.

Aaron B. Clugston, Christopher Samann,
Thomas Salisbury, Henry S. Byers, Henry Bell,
Henry Baker, W'm. W. Barnett, Nelson Brooks,
Jacob H. Bowers, Joseph W. Burrier, Francis
M. Cook, Curtis W. Campbell, Edward R. Cox,'
James M. Clark, Jacob Davis, Joseph F. Dorsej^,
Francis M. Evans, George Elliot, Jesse Elliot,
Frank Firman, John Forsyth, Wm. H. Franks,
Wm. Forquer, Thomas B. Francis, Jacob
France, James Francis, Chas. Henderson,
Jesse Hill, John Hill, Wm. H. H. James,
Llewellyn F. Knight, Lewis Knight, Peter
Kelley, Hiram H. Lowry, Isaac Lewis, Wm.
H. Lazier, George W. Morgan, Uriah J. Moore,
Thomas Mitchell, Peter Mihls, Wm. H. Pansier,
George Robinson, Valentine Riley, Mathias
Spangler, Wm. B. Sidle, Joseph B. Sinsabaugh,
Osborn Shaw, James Swingle, Samuel Sutton,
Thomas H. Simpson, John Smith, Louis D.
Tschiffeley, Samuel TowJe, James Tanner, Wm.
P. Van Allen, Bradbury Williams, John L.
Wright, James L. Warne, Peter Weaver, Julius
W. Walker, Robert B. Young, John W. Sidle,
Parish Garner, James E. Roach, Michael Peter,
Thomas B. Francis.

COMPANY K^ — OFFICERS.

Wm. F. Berkshire, Captain.

Lewis L. Cox, Captain.

Isaac H. Jones, First Lieutenant.

James McClure, First Lieutenant.

Wm. P. Gardner, Second Lieutenant.

Joseph F. Gorsuch, Second Lieutenant.

Edward Ewing, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

George Showers, JohnW. Marshall, Benjamin
F. Peairs, Henry A. Leslie, Alfred Ramsbottom,
Chas. Claspill, Wm. T. Forsythe, David L.
Stockdale.

CORPORALS.

John H. Drake, Joseph Atchison, George
Wilson, Andrus Guille, Samuel C. Scott, Albert
Ewing, Thomas Hosier, David Peairs, Thomas
Garrett, Cornelius S. Brown, Sandford Burdett,
Edward L. Goshen.

PRIVATES.

Salathial Carter, George F. Adamson, John
W. Albright, James P. Bailey, Annis A. Bid-
dison, Joseph W. Brelsford, Phillip Brindley,
Wm. Bussomer, Thomas Bendeth, Michael
Corcoran, Nicholas Detrick, Lewis Detrick,
Wm. B. Drake, James W. Deavvers, John E.
Sworthy, John Foregrave, Robert J. Gardner,
Richard M. George,- Rufus Harrop, Findley
Hempfield, George Hopkins, Josiah Horr, John
Hersey, George Livingston, Asbury Luman,
Lewis Munich, Reese J. Manley, Joseph B.
Martin, Richardson McCoy, Henry Neable,
Ezra M- Patton, James A. Peairs, Chas. H.
Plympton, Jesse Redman, Lyman L. Showers,
Henrj' Skullejs Henry C. Sherman, John

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

303

Sprankle, Joseph Storms, George Spring, Chas.
Somers, John Springer, John H. Spaulding,
, Basil J. Spaulding, Robert Stockdale, Samuel
Storms, Owen Storms, Jacob A. Swingle, Wm.
Taylor, George Frout, Benjamin F. Weaver,
Wm. B. Drake, George E. Taylor, Wm.
Greaves, George Campbell, enrolled August
22d, 1862, for three years ; promoted to Drum
Major, September 21st, 1862 ; Chas. J. Achiner,
Wm. Lyda, Sylvester G. Swingle, David Peairs,
Samuel C. Scott.

NINTH REGIMENT O. V. C.-COMPANY A.

[That portion of this company rais.ed in Mus-
kingum County was enrolled at Zanesville dur-
ing August, September, and October, 1862,
-for three years.]

OFFICEliS.

William Sims, Captain.

John W. Macumber, First Lieutenant.

Thomas J. Cochran, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Cornelius F. McCarty, Jas. H. Conklin, Joseph
Axline, Henry A. Morrison, George N. Law-
head, William F. Pains, John Pigman, John D.
Axline.

CORPORALS.

William P. Burley, Washington Sniff, Alex-
ander Carson, Lewis W. Snow, Alonzo Hector,
George F. McGill.

PRIVATES.

Joseph p. White, George McLain, Thomas E.
Crawford, John Cooper, John R. Adkins, Mural
C. Bush, George R. Baker, Samuel J. Crawford,
Samuel W. Crouse, James Calvin, William H.
Callahan, Charles F. Crawford, Henry Clark,
John W. Conaway, James E. Dare, Jacob Ev-
erich, Alva Estell, Charles Friend, Alexander
Hartman, James Hartman, Haywood F. Hag-
german, John Hamman, Leander Henke,
Robert Howard, Thomas C. Ilifi", Henry Jack-
son, Allen J. Johnston, George C. Killian, Peter
LePage, Samuel Logan, John Lawrence, Calvin
P. Morgan, WilHam McGill, Francis McGuire,
Levi Miller, George W. Norman, Chesley S.
McKinzie, Andrew'J. Perry, John W. RutHdge,
Nicholas Roberts, Philip Rei, James P. Schen-
bly, James N. Shutt, Charles Shiplett, Robert
Smith, James Wank, William B. Sowers,
George W. Sowers, John Sniff, John Spangler,
James Smith, George Topham, John Wilson,
William B. Ward, John Cross, Thomas Chap-
man, William H. Hughes, Joseph Wilson,
Joshua O. Piles, William Sloan.

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

[This company was raised wholly in Muskin-
gum County, and was mustered into service at
Camp Zanesville, October, November, and De-
cember 1862, for three years.]

Elijah Hoague, Captain.

William S. Winnett, First Lieutenant.

John M. Stewart, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

William R. Wood, First Sergeant; James S.
Mahana, Quartermaster Sergeant ; William M.
Chaney, Commissary Sergeant; Charles C.
Vance, William Springer, David M. Ferguson,
James M. McCune, John B. Bulger.

CORPORALS.

George C. Shoemaker, Andrew J. Davidson,
Ragan A. Baker, William L. Kaney, William
Lazier, John Simmons, Adon B. Lingo, David
Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Isaac Pickering, Andrew J. Spangler, Wil-
liam R. Moore, Gideon Arnold, Milton R. Bul-
ger, Martin Stultz, Jacob Brock, William H.
Bendure, James H. Bendure, Charles H. Butler,
John Butler, Daniel Berry, Samuel Benord,
James Bryant, John C. Buchele, Joseph Camp-
bell, William Campbell, William Carpenter, Wil-
liam W. Clark, George W. Castello, Israel Che-
coat, Jacob Climan, George E. Davis, William
L. Douglass, Levi Dean, Peter Eli, Harrison B.
Flowers, Franklin Fralick, James Glass, Phillip
Griffith, EH Gay, William Howell, William Har-
vey, Miner Humphrey, John Humphrey, Levi
Hilsmiller, John Hilsmiller, Edward Kating,
John Kenzy, John N. Lingo, Albert Mye'rs, Jon-
athan McGee, John McClary, Thos. McNomee,
James N. McMasters, Benjamin Moffett, Robert
H. Moffett, Richard Marshal, Josephine Marshal,
Samuel Marshal, Clark Mitche, Thomas Norris,
Robert L. Porter, David Read, David Randle,
John Rechel, . William Smith, Joseph Stiers,
William L. Stockey, George Smith, Jonathan
Stidd, William Selby, FrankHn Titus, William
Fidrick, Mathew Wood, William S.. Winneman,
William Huston.

COMPANY D OFFICERS.

[This company was enrolled the same as Com-
pany C]

EzekielS. Hoagland, Captain.
Stephen R. Hill, First Lieutenant.
Arthur T. Hamilton, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES .

Benjamin A. Smallwood, William Brown,
Stacey Bevan, Andrew Bradley, James Brooks,
Emerson Benson, John Sheen, Henry Hick,
William Lumsford, Samuel D. Minor, Byron
McKenzie,, William J. Murray, Robert Shaw,
Benton Trimble, Fred Warner, Michael Widder-
man.

TENTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

[The portions of this regiment from Muskin-
gum County were enrolled late in the autumn
of 1862, for three years.]

FIELD AND STAFF.

Charles C. Smith, Colonel.

William E. Haynes, Lieutenant Colonel.

Lyman C. Thayer, Major.

William S. Hickox, Major.

James W. Thompson, Surgeon. '

304

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

John C. Sheets, Adjutant.
Henry Trissell, Quartermaster.
J. Madison Allen, Commissary.
Seth G. Clark, Chaplain.

COMPANY A OFFICERS.

William Thayer, Captain.

M. Valentine, First Lieutenant.

John A. Parish, Second Lieutenant.

CORPORALS.

Mathew Wimer, George W. Riley, Samuel
Mock.

PRIVATES.

Martin Adams, John Canaday, Jacob A.
Roach, Alfred Stultz, John Ward.

COMPANY B OFFICERS.

Adam F. McCurdy, Captain.
John Paisley, First Lieutenant.
Elias C. Grigg, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS .

James H. M. Perry, Robert Mackey, George
H. Purdy.

CORPORALS.

James H. Wood, John W. Meek, James R.
Smith.

PRIVATES.

John J. Powell, (teamster), Henry L. Pake,
(wagoner), John Burris, William Cordray, John
D. Carey, James M. Dixon, Wesley Gray,
Charles Hoben, John Jones, James A. Lemon,
David McGee, George Moore, John Moran,
Samuel S. Meek, James Wiles, George Rich,
Oscar F. Reed, William Smith, Marion B.
Smith, Benjamin F. Lees, Charles H. Todd,
John Westivo, William Woods.

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

George E. Hutchinson, Captain.
"Amos Mardis, First Lieutenant.
Newton Thayer, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

James Burk, David Smith, Harry Shrieves.

CORPORALS.

John Thomas, Thomas Miner, John A. Leeper.
William Smith, Samuel^W. Garrett.

PRIVATES.

Solomon Lewis, (teamster^, Jacob Lemnar,
(saddler), Thomas E. Ross, (wagoner), Joshua
D. Breyfogle, John H. Brown, John S. Carrol,
Charles Carlton, George W. Church, George
Edwards, William Elzey, William Grey, Ber-
nard Hampshire, John Harris, Thomas Helon,
Vincent Joiner, Benjamin F. Jones, Frank
Jones, John Logan, Fred McAlpin, George
W. Mitchell, Oscar Palmer, Samuel Ramsey,
Thomas Ramsey, Isaac* Ross, Robert Ruby,
William Ryan. '

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND O. V. I.

[This regiment was mustered at Zanesville,
Ohio.]

FIELD AND STAFF.

William H. Ball, Colonel, commissioned Oc-
tober lO, 1862; resigned February 3, 1865.

John M. Bushfield, Lieutenant Colonel, com-
missioned Oct. 10, 1862 ; resigned May i, 1863.

Charles M. Cornyn, Lieutenant Colonel.

Moses M. Granger, Major ; promoted to Lieu-
tenant Colonel, May i, 1863; resigned, Decem-
ber 10, 1864.

John W. Ross, Major.

Joseph Peach, Major.

Charles C. McCabe, Chaplain.

Thaddeus A. Reamy, Surgeon.

William M. Houston, Assistant Surgeon : pro-
moted to Surgeon.

Alex. Richards, Assistant Surgeon.

Wilson G. Bryant, Assistant Surgeon.

Archibald Huston, promoted to Chaplain after
the resignation of Chaplain McCabe.

James T. Cushing, Adjutant.

David H. Mortley, Quartermaster.

Moses D. Wheeler, Sergeant Major.

Andrew P. Stultz, Quartermaster Sergeant.

John McMillen, Commissary Sergeant.

David H. Dauhauer, promoted to Sergeant
Major.

John W. Johnson, Quartermaster Sergeant.

Marion D. Paxton, Commissary Sergeant.

Robert M. Hendershott, Musician.

Alexander A. Taylor, Adjutant.

George W. McCormick, Sergeant Major.

Stephen Miller, Commissary Sergeant.

COMPANY A OFFICERS.

Joseph Peach, Captain ; enrolled x\ugust i6th,
1862, for three yeai's ; promoted to Major, and
transferred to Field and Staff".

Henrjr S. Harding, First Lieutenant ; enrolled
August i6th, 1862, for three years ; promoted to
Captain, July ist, 1863 : wounded and dis-
charged.

John H. Niemej'er, Second Lieutenant ; en-
rolled August nth, 1862, for three years; pro-
moted to First Lieutenant, September ist, 1863 j
discharged for wounds, no date.

SERGEANTS.

Joseph P. Huston; enrolled August 20th, 1862,
for three years ; promoted to Captain, February
ist, 1865. Newton Potter, David H. Dundom\
John E. Evans, Henry, (or Harrison) D. Gar-
nett.

CORPORALS.

Wm. Monroe, George Roll, Abraham W.
Williamson, James W. Lindsey, Jerome Bronker,
Frank Scoope, Henry G. Tucker, John T. Pat-
terson.

PRIVATES.

Lloyd Adamson, Wm. Aichle, John W. An-
ders, George Anders, John G. Brenholts, Fred.
Bohnstedt, Chas. W. Babbitt, Henry Bainter,

This celebrated Sealing Wax is manufactured
only by England Bros., Nos. 280 and 282 River
street, Zanesville. The immense quantity which
they have manufactured and sold during the four
years it has been upon the market demonstrates
the fact that it has proven to be just what they
claim for it, viz : the purest and only reliable
sealing wax manufactured. It will not crack or

become porous during winter, and can always be
relied upon either with stone, tin, or glass cans,
and thereby insuring that the tedious labor,, of
carefully selecting and "putting up" fruit has
has not been lost by impure and untempered seal-
ing wax which has flooded the market since the
war.

C. JACOBS & CO.

During the past three years these gentlemen
have been located in Zanesville. They are the
successors of George W. Blocksom, who ranked
among the early business men of that city for a
period extending over forty years. This establish-
ment has been devoted to the drug trade since
the purchase by Mr. Jacobs. The store has been
completely stocked with new and fresh goods, and
the prescription department is ably presided over
by Henry A. Stanhope. A leading specialty with
this house is the manufacture and sale of Mr.
Jacobs' Rheumatic Powders. The powders are
unexcelled as a cure for rheumatism and neural-

gia, while, as a system renovator, it has no equal.
An Asthma Remedy, lately put on the market, has
already won its way largely in popular favor. A
Kidney Remedy, and Corn Cure, are likewise
deservedly popular. The Jacobs Instant Cure for
Pain, an internal and external remedy, has,
through merit, met with a large sale. A Worm
and Cough Syrup, also the Jacobs Condition Pow-
ders, have each won golden encomiums. As these
medicines are prepared under the eye of a practical
chemist, each and every article described above
are guaranteed or money refunded.

-HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

305

Phillip Clow, Thomas D. Cooper, Jacob Deten-
beck, John Donohue, Seth Dempster, George
W. Dempster, Wesley Evans, John H. Gebbons,
John H. Good, Isaac O. George, Archibald
Huston, Albert Hall, John Hammond, Michael
Headley, Wm. Harlan, Henry Hartman, Peter
Johns, James W. Johnson, Quinter Kerlin,
Absalom Krewson, Harrison Kent, Chas. Kin-
kade, John Kussmoul, Michael Kunebitter, Geo.
Lloyd, Josephus Longley, Neathen Linn,
Samuel Maxwell, John D. Mitchell, John Max-
well, James Mathews, John Mathews, Chas. W.
Mathews, Wm. Miller, James McDonald, Wm.
Mitchell, Robert McNabb, Samuel Parkison,
Samuel Pitts, JohnF. Pyle, Elisha Pierce, Henry
Razor, Chas. W. Roberts, George Spangler,
John Smith, Israel Simons, Wm. H. Simms,
Amos B. Smith, Andrew Stultz, Thomas Simon-
ite, Joseph Smith, Peter Fi-ost, Jacob Urban,
Andrew Voll, John Wilson, Jeremiah Williams,
Joseph Williamson, George N. Williamson,
George W. Waxier, Adam Winegarner, Joseph
Eminhiser, George W. Bargesser, James Kin-
kade, Michael Kronenbitter, George V. Den-
nick, Henry Faye, Lyman Flowers, Francis M.
Griffin, Wm. Gossage, David Hoppstahr, Joseph
Hess, Franklin Jones, Rufus Wason, Richard
Peach, Asher Sealover, Harry Thompson, Chas.
T. Willey, Fred Young, Wm. Maxwell, Wm.
Maloy, Chas. Pearce, George W. McMillen.

COMPANY B OFFICEKS.

Benjamin S. Herring, Captain.
I. Jerome Harris, First Lieutenant.
Cyrus Scott, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

James Deselemes, Joseph Hutchinson, James
R. Bell, Ross Coyle, Wm. Davenport, Wm.
Wason, Harrison B. Moore, Joseph McMullen,
George W. Moore, Isaac A. Warden, James
W. Kenworthy, John W. Craley, Isaac W. Keer,
Wm. M. Wilson, Dewitt C. Bounden, George
W. Kunhes.

COMPANY F — OFFICERS.

[The members of this companj' were mostly
enrolled early in the autumn of 1862, and
mustered into service for three years, at Camp
Zanesville, Ohio, October 6th, 1862.]

Chas. M. Cronyn, Captain.

Wm. M. Wilson, First Lieutenant.

Sanford M. Boling, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Daniel Dugan, First Sergeant ; James John-
ston, John Chi-istie, Chas. Dyarmett, Homer M.
Blackburn.

CORPORALS.

Erastus F. Martin, George McCormick, Wm.
L. DeLong, Isaac M. Crawford, John Johnston,
John M. Miller, Andrew J. Pollock, John H.
Mangold.

MUSICIANS. »

Martin Brown, George E. Walters.

PRIVATES.

John Adkins, Adam Beatey, James Bosk,
John Baggett, James Bussey, John Beatey,
Thomas Belleville, Adam Bowman, Henry
Bowers, Moses Crossley, Elias Crawford, Wm.
C. Christie, Chas. Christie, James L. Dunn,
Henry Fisher, Stephen W. Frampton, Jackson
Frazier, John Granger, Wm. R. Green, John
Gray, Jacob W. Hoskins, Isaac W. Hattan,
John Houck, John Hetzel, Mai-tin Hackett,
Benton Hutchinson, George P. Hefner, Joseph
Keller, Thomas Little, Martin Murphy, Simon
Mitchell,' Wm. H. Mayhew, Wm. Menahan,
James Watson, Samuel H. Masters, Peter Mast,
James H. McClane, Lander McClurg, John
Mageez, Chas. Moore, Edward McCrackeii,
Clark Nelson, Pay ton Nerville, George W.
Newell, Thomas C. Prouty, Samuel PHley, Wm.
H. H. Reed, Francis Retallick, James Robinson,
W. H. Stradley, John L. Sohramm, Israel W.
Sims, Joseph Simons, Hiram Sears, Albert
Sowers, John C. Sutton, Joseph M. T. Taylor,
Benjamin N. Tracy, Joseph D. Taylor, Samuel
Stradley, Safnuel Williams, James J. Wilsdn,
John A. Wise, Nelson Walker, Joseph Wolf,
John H. Wilson, George W. Watlemire, George
H. Marshall, John E. Arndt, John Young,
Alfred L. Kinkade, George R. Frazier, Wm.
M. Hatton, Daniel B. Forbes. ';

The following named men were enrolled for
three years, in 1864, and attached to Com-
pany F :

Peter Gibeaut, James W. Gay, John C.
Hardesty, Thomas Mitchell, James Crawford,
Seth Marshall, Absalom Fisher, Jerome Romii;e,
Moses D. Wheeler, Jr.

COMPANY G — OFFICERS.

[The following named members of this Com-

L ^ - r\ '7 '^^

pany were mustered m at Uamp Zanesvule,
October 5th, 1862, for thi-ee }ears. The majority
of them are from Adams township :J

Orlando C. Farquhar, Captain.

Gilbert H. Barger, First Lieutenant.

John Anderson, Second Lieutenant.

Sergeant — Calvin Myser.

Corporals — Thomas B. Chauer, George Gra-
ham, Edwin Powell, John Minor, Christopher
Philabaum.

Musician — John H. Loveless.

PRIVATES.

Lewis D. Barge, Wm. R. Brillhart, Amos
Buckmaster, George W. Carr, Nathan A.
Daugherty, Alexander Fenton, Fortune McCon-
nell, Gottlieb Feas, David Garber, Peter Gep-
hart, Lewis Hinds, Samuel Hawley, Archibald
Houston, Samuel Lewis, Wm. Pyler, Nathaniel
C. Reed, Thomas Reggie, Lyman Spaulding,
Wm. Ward, Peter Worley, Richard Dwyer,
Samuel A. Wirts, Henry Moore, Edward
Riggle.

COMPANY H. j

[This portion of Company H was raised iii,
Muskingum county, and mustered in, Septerh-

3o6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ber 30th, 1862, for three years,, at Camp Zanes-
ville.] Joseph C. Huston, First Lieutenant.

SERGEANT.

Marion D. Paxson.

PRIVATES.

Nathan W. Hains, John Keiller, Isaac W.
Kerr, Wm. H. Smith, David R. Walker, James
Queen, James E. Dillen, Edward Crowley,
Michael Joyce, Theodore Tolbert.

COMPANY I OFFICERS.

[This company was raised, almost to a man,
in Muskingum county, and was mustered into
service, for three years, at Camp Zanesville, Oc-
tober 8th, 1862.]

Daniel B. Garey, Captain.
Thomas S. Black, Fii-st Lieutenant.
Thomas S. Armstrong, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Enoch Shrigley, John H. Maxlield, George
W. McMillen, Robert H. Warner, John M.
Voris.

CORPORALS.

Fred. C. Aler, Stephen W. Vankirk, George
M. Fell, Isaac B. Stele, John Kimball, John
Petty, Charles B. Church, Edward P Hilliard.

MUSICIAN;

Samuel Burwell.

PRIVATES.

William Asher, Jasper Adams, Denton Adams,
Jesse M. Bailes, William Bailey, Augustus C.
Burt, Thomas Campbell, George W. Church,
Isaac B. Cramlett, William S. Caldwell, Patrick
Carter, Josiah Deffenbaugh, Richard H. Dugan,
John Felt, William Gibbon, Harry H. Gamble,
Jeremiah H. Garner, Lemuel Gardner, Jasper
Griffin, John B. Henderson, Albert Hammond,
Josephus Hammond, John H. Plale, Jacob Hale,
Robert M. Hackinson, William James, Franklin
Johnson, William Jones, George B. King, Wil-
liam H. King, David W. Kenney, Henry Kirk-
er. Wells J. Lower, Hugh Lynch, Frank Morton,
Jefterson O. McMillen, Charles E. Winner,- John
F. McMillen, Benjamin R. Nelson, James
O'Harra, Samuel Phillips, Henry Parrish,
James W. Plympton, Powell Powelson, PhiUip
Rush, William D. Robertson, Benjamin F. Rob-
erts, Edward Ruggle, John Safflc, David vSensa-
baugh, James Stull, John S. Smith, Asher Sea-
lover, John F. Timms, Henry G. Tucker, Sala-
thiel Tudor, William R. Tudor, Charles Van
Home, Chai'les T. Willey, George W. Wortz,
Wlliam Wiles, Moses D. Wheeler, Jacob Whet-
more, Jacob Zimmer, Andrew Reel, Timothy
Edenburn, Christopher Bauer, Martin Jackson,
John L. Richardson, Fulton Saunders, William
T. Beatty, Joseph Baughman, Willis Coleman,
Zachariah T. Fonts, Adam Grandstaff, Matthew
Griffin, Stephen Harrop, John Michael Keely,
Jeremiah Sheppard, Henry S. Stephens, John

RECRUITS.

Philip Pake, John Truman, Matthew Craw-
ford.

COMPANY K OFFICERS.

[This company mustered in at Camp Zanes-
ville, Ohio, October 8th, 1862, for three years.]
John W. Ross, Captain.
John C. Randall, First Lieutenant.
Ross W. Anderson, Second Lieutenant.

Nelson Yake}'.

SERGEANT.

CORPORALS.

George M. Simpson, S3'lvanus Young, Sed-
rick Black, Isaac Leasure, Alexander Allender,
Isaac B. Carlile, John W. Redmond.

MUSICIANS.

Thomas Wilber, GottHeb Voght.

PRIVATES.

Dexter B. Wood, Archibald Ankrum, Samuel
Anderson, Melvin L. Bickle, John A. Bedell,
Lilas H. Barton, Henry E. Cosgrave, Albert
Frazier, Thomas Gladman, David Gray, William
P. Gover, Daniel Sildy, William H. Harrison,
Charles Huntington, William Hamler, Robert
Hamler, John F. Hull, Michael Joyce, Josephus
Jones, John Knour, James B. Kime, George F.
Kime, Michael Kellj', Robert Laneson, William
H. Lower, Calvin Latta, William Murry, Albert
Moore, Heni-y Miller, Noah McMullen, Cyrus
Phillips, Samuel J. Perr}-, Thomas Painter,
Samuel Painter, Adam Sims, John W. Snurr,
Peter Smith, Lee A. Spaulding, William H.
Sheppard, John R. Stage. John Smith, Calvin
Thompson, Benjamin Uphole, Baily Wilson,
James R. Ward, David E. Watson, Weston
Willoughby. Charles W. Wright, Thomas C.
Wilber, Jacob W. Wright. William B. White,
George Zelhart, Charles Hancock. John W.
Lisle, James B. Hacknev. Jacob Saltsquire. John
F. Hitde, William L. Johnston.

SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

COMPANY E— OFFICERS.

Captain, John C. Hazlett ; mustered in August
16. 1S61 ; died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, June
7, 1863, of wounds received at Stone River,
Tennessee, December 31, 1862.

Second Lieutenant, Thomas M. Carey ; mus-
tered in August 19, 1861 : resigned at Battle
Creek, Tennessee, July 27, 1862.

SERGEANTS.

George D. Sullivan. George E. Wheeler,
James Ellis.

CORPORALS.

Christian Wocks. Silas E. Ayi-es.

PRIVATES.

Alonzo Atkinson, Thomas Durkin, Elmore
Dutro,* Charles Goulding, David L. Lawson,
George W. Rush, .Charles Rush, Orrell Ro-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

307

rick, Alfred Stone, Bryant Sutton, Josephus Stel-
ler, Isaac Staffle, Francis Snurr, Frank Titus,
William Van Home, Leander Wallace, Robert
I. Winn, Samviel Wagoner.

PRISONERS OF WAR.

Hiram Gowan, John Dawson, James H. Shep-
pard, John Bowman, Richard Johnston, James
Saffle, David E. Sheppard, Rufus G. Tole, Jo-
seph Thompson, Hiram Winn.

DISCHARGED,

Frank J. Van Home, David Zinsmer, John
Anthony, Armstead E. Adams, James Arm-
strong, John W. Bell, John T. Brown, Frank
Baird, Levi Colcher, Robert M. Curtis, John
Elsea, Christian Fisher, Martin Foster, Charles
Feas, Daniel Hunter, Jacob Henry, Wesley Mil-
ler, James Watson, Hugh D. McGan, Samuel
McDonald, Philip McEIfresh, Jacob Nenzinger,
John A. Newell, Mather T. Ross, John Richison,
John Riley, John C. Randall, Edward Sullivan,
Martin Sullivan, William Short, George Saners,
Ash Vernon, James Woodrufl", George Wagoner,
Charles Wilcox, John Walker, John W. Thomas.

TRANSFEIiRED.

Horace R. Abbott, Edwin Josselyn, Richard

E. Sutton, Charles Woodruff, David P. Wayland,
Samuel T. Cross, John H. Gore, Andrew J.
Nicholas, Joseph Josselyn, David Maass, William
Short.

FIFTH BATTALION O. V. O.

Captain, James B. Rush, of Columbus, Ohio.

First Lieutenant, John Nelson, of Columbus,
Ohio.

Second Lieutenant, Thomas E. Roberts, of
Falls Township, Muskingum County. [See,
also, Third O. V. I. and Thirteenth O. V. C.]

PRIVATES .

Howard Aston, Charles A. Green, John Mc-
Glade, Harrison Boylan, John Van Voorhis,
Lucius F. Horr, James L. Bell, Louis Eppley,
Samuel Fonts, Lewis Frankenbergh, James Git-
tings, Hamilton McFarland, Charies Offord,
John Peck, Torrence Peyton, George Quigley,
James F. Taylor, Jesse Waters, Hamilton Wal-
lace, James C. Whissen.

THIRTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. C.-COMPANY F.

Thomas E. Roberts, Captain. [See Third
O. V.'l. and Fifth Battalion O. V. C]

Clayton G. Jewell, First Lieutenant ; succeeded
by Howard Aston. [See Company E Ninety-
seventh O. V. I. and Fifth Battalion O. V. C]

John B. Conaway, Second Lieutenant; pro-
moted to First Lieutenant in another Company ;
succeeded in Company F by William A. Fenner.

Howard Aston, promoted as above.

Charies A. Green, John W. Roberts, James

F. Taylor, James Gittings, Hamilton McFarland,
John L. McGlade. George F. Smith, Alva
James, James L. Bell, William N. Coke, Reason
Halfhill, Frank Cummins, -Charles Offord,

George S. Warner, James H. Sherman, William
L. Burley, WilHam T. Brown, William C.
Burns, William P. Bailey, Walter Broughall,
John W. Clark, Jacob Campbell, Michael
Counof, Lawson Dickerson, James E. Dewees,
Samuel Ehrman, Louis H. Farris, Edward J.
Flake, George S. Grieves, James H. Gunion,
Thomas W. Hunter, William Halfhill, Marshall
Harvey, Josiah T. Horr, Adam Johns, John R.
McLain, James McGlade, Charles Mathew,
James Mathew, John Peck, George W. Quig-
ley, Harrison Quigley, Charles Smith, William
A. Simpson, Marshall Sidle, George Summers,
Oliver A. Stine, Charles C. Shinnick, Wilson,
E. Toland, James Tanner, Albert Tanner, Jesse
Waters, Benoni A. Williams, John H. Wills,
Sylvester Woods, Henry Williams, James C.
Whissen.

ONE HTTNDREB AND FIFTY-NINTH O. N. G.

[This regiment was enrolled in May, 1864, at
Zanesville, Ohio, for one hundred days.]

FIELD AND STAFF.

Lyman J. Jackson, Colonel.

Horace D. Munson, Lieutenant Colonel.

William S. Harlan, Major.

Albert W. Train, Adjutant.

Henry Lillibridge, Quartermaster.

Robert Chambers, Surgeon.

William H. Holden, Assistant Surgeon.

Joseph G. Moore, Chaplain.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFP\

Albert A. Guthrie, Sergeant Major.

Joseph M. Brown, Quartermaster Sergeant.

Milton M. Chapman, Commissary Sergeant.

COMPANY A OFFICERS.

Lucius p. Marsh, Captain.

Charles W. Potwin, First Lieutenant.

Fred Geiger, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Richard ElUs, George Randal, William E,
Guthrie, Benjamin Wheeler, Jr., Wm. G.
Starkie.

CORPORALS.

Robert J. Harkins, Lee H. Palmer, Clark
Hull, George C. Lee, Joseph R. Moore, Samuel
Howard, Jr., Chalkley Frame, John J. Apple-
gate.

PRIVATES.

Harvey Allen, Alexander Alloway, Joel Bailey,
Wm. Barton, Jacob N. Bonnet, Lewis Butler,
Wm. Bowman, Samuel C. Belknap, James
Buckingham, George B. Best, Elias Bell, James
A. Bell, Wm. Brooks, Charles G. Convers,
Robert M. Cherry, Herman Cordes, Augustus
C. Cox, John Emmit, George W. Erwin, Theo-
dore Fox, Alfred E. Filmore, Benjamin Fell,
Gutlisp Feasley, Henry Gitter, Wm. A. Guard,
Frank M. Hollister, John Harris, John Hurley,
Henry C. Hirst, Wm. Hahn, Charles Hahn,
Lewellyn Knight, Albert J. Kintz, Chas. Kapps,

3o8.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

George Lynn, Peter W. Lilienthal, James H.
Mitchell, Cyrus F. Moore, Wm. McBride, Fred
Mast, Chas. E. Moore, James A. McCleary,
David E. Mitchell, Jacob F. Merkman. James
Nut, Richard B. Osmond, Robert W. Ordney,
Isaac Palmer, Andrew Pierce, Arthur J. Pea-
body, Henry C, Peters, James L. Peters, John
A. Porter, James Prosser, John W. Pollock,
Albert Ross, George Roberts, Fred Stultz, Wm.
Sloan, Alexander C. Smith, Edward Smith,
Henry Smith, James M. Shirer, Winfield S.
Shirer, Joseph Sauer, Henry H. Smith, Wm. A.
Twaddle, John Tanner, Wm. A. Taylor,
Clarence Van Namm, Wm. Walker, John
Woodworth, Lewis Wall, Wm. S. Wollard",
Edward Wilson.

COMPANY B — OFFICERS.

Henry S. Allen, Captain.

Milton F. Timms, First Lieutenant.

Samuel L. Wiles, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Alva T. Wiles, John W. Baughman, George
F. Hammond, Samuel Hadden, David McCan-
dish.

CORPORALS.

Milton Lower}', James A. McFarland, Wm.
Curtis, Jr., Marcus F> Abell, Phillip Stockdale,
John G. Fisher, Samuel H. Sawhill, Benjamin
Tuttle.

MUSICIANS.

David Hetzel, Edward B. Hai-ver.

PRIVATES.

Lloyd N. Adamson, F. Newton Adamson, John
J. Ashbaugh, Geo.W. Baughman, Jas. F. Baugh-
man,Frank Boatman, Richard F.Braumage, Jno.
Curtis. Edward Crowell Hervey Caldwell, David
Chambers, Wm. Chambers, Warren M. Cook,
Henry C. Deitrich, Samuel H. Dailey, John O.
Davis, Wm. Derr, John Erwin, George B. Erwin,
John Eliker, Wm. Frederick, Isaac P. Farquhar,
Jacob Galiher, Wm. Hilliard, Chas. Hauptman,
Alphonso J. Helmuth, Andrew Hurell, John
Hines, Franklin Jackson, Thomas Jackson,
Robert G. Jones, James A. Johnson, Oliver
King, Lewis Kitchen, Samuel R. Larimer, Wm.
J. Lamb, Perry Longshore, James Launder,
Wm. H. Myers, Leander McBride, Lewis
Munch, Thomas J. Moorehead, John McMillen,
John Mellor, Sylvanus Mevey, John Mevey,
Erasmus McLaughlin, John A. Parshall, George
W. Ralph, Thomas Ross, Jesse Reynolds, Jacob
Y. Smith, Orange Suttles, George Selsam,
Joseph Terry, James W. Terry, David Terry,
Robert M. Thompson, Stephen R. Thomas,
John Tomlinson, John Terr}^, John M. White,
Daniel Weymer, Thomas Webster, John Boaz,
Singleton D. Hatcher.

COMPANY C— OFFICERS.

Jacob M. Robinson, Captain.
Noah Forsyth, First Lieutenant.
Thomas Stuart, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Edwin A. Wilhelm, Wilson T. Allen, Hugh
McVey, Abraham Cox, Robert L. Evans.

CORPORALS.

Hugh Moorhead, Alex. P. Moorhead, Henry
Ludman, John Melone, Henry C. Swift, David
M. Watson, Robert Walker, Reuben C. Storer.

MUSICIANS.

Wm. H. McKinney, Wm. Reynolds.

PRIVATES.

James Adney, Alanson W . Atchinson, John
N. Barnett, John S. Barnett, Wm. W. Barnett,
Edward A. Bell, Thomas W. Boyd, Alex. Boyer,
Wm. Blackstone, David J. Campbell, David
Campbell, Robert Cabeen, James Carmichael,
Wm. G. Crawford, Edward Crawford, James W.
Cox, Spencer Davis, Simon W. Elliott, James
W. Forsyth, David P. Forsyth, Wm. Frazier,
David S. Given, James D. Given, Wm. D.
Gregory, Hugh E. Hardesty, Wm. H. Hardesty,
John L. Howell, Wm. M. Hetidershot, John
Hines, John Hutchinson, Henry J. Heron, Abner
Humphrey, Hatson A. Johnson, Frederick Led-
man, Wm. H. Ledman, James A. Larimer,
John Lyons, Wm. Lyons, Alex McConaughey,
Chas. W. McCutcheon, James S. McCutcheon,
George McWhorter, Ai Moore, John Miller,
Wm. W. McGee, Wylie McGee, John McGee,
James McCartney, Wm. W. Poland, Benoni F.
Robinson, Robert M. Reasoner, Wm. G. Richey,
Findley E. Richey, Richard Stahl,J. E. Richey,
Jacob G. West, Wm. Wilson, Thomas White,
Seth C. Wilhelm, Adam Young, Samuel Blos-
ser. Smith G. McCandlish, Hugh H. Alexander,
Jacob Lutz, Benoni Blary, Samuel Swartz,
George J. Bohrer.

COMPANY D OFFICERS.

John W. Tanner, Captain.

Thomas J. Newman, First Lieutenant.

Wm. Newman, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Horatio R. Bodine, Jesse Lee,Wm. H. Foun-
taine,John II. Richey, Chas. Vandenbark.

CORPORALS.

Thomas Caldwell, Elijah Ray, Henry D. But-
ler, Benjamin F. Crabbin, Byron Crabtree,
Elijah H. Moore, Lloyd Varner.

PRIVATES.

Morris S. Adams, Seth Allen, Jacob Baird,
Samuel M. Bell, James Berry, John Bow-
ers, George Burlingame, Thomas Carter, George
Carmichael, James Carr, George Clester,
John W. Conn, Joseph A. Cook, James
Carl, Nathaniel Craige, James Craige, Julius
Crabtree, Wm. J. Crabtree, Thomas J. Dowell,
Lorenzo J. Dowell, James M. Dowell, John H.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

309.

Evans, James R. Eaton, Wm. Flanagan, John
Flesher, George W. Flesher, John Fountain,
Wilson Fowler, Marion Fowler, Wm. Forsythe,
Decatur Grubb, Thomas George, Isaac Hillier,
Thomas Harris, Henry Haines, Lewis Koos,
Robert Laird, Robert McCullough, Wm. Mohler,
Joseph Mvers, Woodford Makzirgo, James A.
Mercer, David Norman, Wm. Northover, Alvin
Osborn, Henry Overbark, John B. Pansier, Wm.
Pansier, Perry W. Pake, Sanford W. Reamy,
Henry C. Roberts, Samuel Rudy, Timothy
Smith, Cornelius F. Sidle, Harrison Starkey,
George Sherman, Thomas H. Simpson, Michael
Saup, David Tanner, Thomas Tanner, Wm. F.
Tobin, James Van Winkle, Mahlon Varner,
Francis N. Wise, David Wilkinson, Thomas
Waddle, Wm. Wortman, John Woods.

COMPANY E OFFICERS.

Charles H. Fox, Captain.

William E. Atwell, First Lieutenant.

Milton H. Carter, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Richard H. Galigher, James E. Scarvell,
Samuel Cockrell, Lafayette Story, Joseph Pur-
cell.

CORPORALS.

Newton Brookhover, Peter Cashbaugh, Har-
vey Carbin, William Roll, John Mears, Wash-
ington Brookhover, John Burnell, Joseph Mihl-
felt.

PRIVATES.

William L. Anderson, James Acheson, David
Acheson, Charles G. Anderson, Charles H. An-
derson, Andrew Arnold, John W. Anderson, Al-
va Arter, Davis Brookover, Charles Brookover,
Charles Borders, George Bowman, John Baker,
John N. Clapper, Willis Chapman, John W.
Downs, John S. Davis, Jacob Durant, John
Dearstine, Isaac De Yarmett, Robert Erwine,
Charles Fulkerson, Wallace D. Green, Charles
H. Galigher, George H. Gore, Peter Gobl'e,
Abraham Garrett, William Hartman, John Huf-
fard, Joseph Hatfield, Christopher' Holdrith,
Lewis Hock, Joseph E.Jones, Samuel H.Johns,
Silas Kincade, James C. Lewis, John McNeal,
Robert McNeal, Francis Muhany, George Ma-
whorter, George Mercer, Jeremiah Miller, Aquil-
la NeiF, Stephen NefF, Joseph Northover, Joseph
Peach, Horace ShafFer,George Story, John Sock-
rnan, Charles Schwartz, William. Tharp, Ui'iah
Tharp, Clark Toland, Wm. M. Tom, Ira Taylor,
WilHam Taylor, James Williams, John C.
Wright, John Wesley, Charles Wines, Isaac
Hillon, James H. Johnson, Abner Kennard,
Samuel Leib, Jacob Moyer, William Stuart,
George Stuart, Michael J. Myers, George B.
Book.

COMPANY F OFFICERS.

Robert LesHe, Captain.,
..-William H. Nevitt, First Lieutenant.
Robert Price, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

George W. Greenland, George M. Howard,
James M. Dutro, George H. Fletcher, Samuel
S. Russell.

CORPORALS.

Thomas E. McKinney, William D. Ford,
Emil W. Geiger, Charles W. Dutro, Charles H.
Miles, Benjamin Dixon, Michael C. Conner,
Jesse S. Arter.

MUSICIAN.

James Belinger.

PRIVATES.

Charles Arter, Alexander Samuel, Austin
Baldwin, John Bowman, Perry V. Bean, Wil-
liam Balsley, James Boyd, William C. Butler,
William Burton, Noah Blosser, Edward Court-
ney, Jacob . T. Dunn, Edward B. De Yarmitt,
Peter Dugan, James Emery, Samuel Friezner,
Wm. Ford, George Flower, Wm. Good, Wm.
Greiver, Charles Geeson, Fred. Gigax, George
Griffith, Wm. Griffith, David Grove, Adolph Her-
mouth, John Hirsh, Peter Henry, Adam A. Ker-
ker. Fuller Kimberly, Henry L. Korte, James H.
Lenhart, Charles Leslie, Henry C. Longshore,
Robert Mosher, Alonzo McCall, Edward McKee,
Samuel McKee, George W. Miles, Byron Ma-
thew, George H. Mohler, Edward McChristian,
Jacob Myers, David P. McClong, Edward
Mitchell, Jesse Merser, James C. Nevitt, Ed-
ward Norker, Benjamin Nevin, William Nutt,
Charles Palmer, Theodore R. Pelton, James A.
Rowles, John W. Rurk, Heniy S. Rhodes, Hen-
ry Strom, William Smith, George Smith, George
Stansberry, William Shaffer, George Steiz, Ja-
cob Van Home, Milton B. Shellhammer, Rob-
ert Webb, Jacob Weagley, Robert S. Willey,
Peter Wolf, Dempsey Wilson, Henry Weldy.

COMPANY G OFFICERS.

James Anderson, Captain.

Samuel Bateman, First Lieutenant.

Robert M. Forsyth, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS .

George Carson, Joseph T. Smith, John George,
George W. Dunn, John Lowry.

CORPORALS.

Robert Christy, John Bagley, Daniel Wal-
worth, Harvey Johnsoii, Samuel Morgan, Isaac
Sellers, Isaac Harris, Lot P. Sales.

MUSICIANS.

James H. Dollings, George Menefee.

PRIVATES.

Eli Anderson, Henry A. Axline, John G.
Bateman, William Y. Bowers, John W. Beem,
William M. Beem, Noah Colcher, Jonathan Col-
cher,' Robert P. Carey, Andrew Cusac, George
Dunn, John Dunn, Henry Downey, Charles
Dougherty Daniel F. Dunn, John Flowers, Wil-
liam G. W. Frankenburg, Matthew Gray, Wil-

3IO

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

liam George, William W. George, Joseph
George, James Hunter, Isaac Hart, Frederick
Hittle, Jacob Harman, Isaiah Hall, George W.
Johnson, Henrjr C. Johnson, Peter Keener, Wal-
ter Kelly, John C. Lemer, Levi Lae, Leonidas
H. Lenhart, Jesse Musser, James C. Moore,
George F. Moore, Graham C. Moore, William
W. Moore, Albert Mcllvain. Jonah L. Marple,
John C. Martin, Robert B. McClure, Frank A.
Moore, Con. O'Neil, Benjamin Plily, John G.
Rodhoper, Joseph Robinson, Jesse Romine, Ja-
cob Romine, Levi Richardson, John Rambo,
James Rambo, Ephraim Rockhold, John Shir-
lock, Samuel A. Shick, George W. Slack, Ben-
jamin Suttles, Delanejr Shipley, Christopher
Summers, John Stroap, John Sn3'der, William
Skinner, Alexander Spurgeon, Benjamin F.
Turner, William Thompson, Charles Urban, Al-
bert Vetter, Aaron Vernon, John Waltman,
Levi Wilson, John Wiles, Edward Turner,
George Turner, Benjamin F. Turner, Solomon
Album, John C. Lenhart.

COMPANY H OFFICERS.

Elijah Little, Captain.

Fenton Bagley, First Lieutenant.

Henry A. Montgomery, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Richard P. Mendenhall, John Horner, Thomas
C. Fleming, Sedwick D. Shaffer, John B. Pier-
son.

CORPORALS.

Wm. H. Fairall, Cornelius Cullins, John E.
Ruckle, Samuel McNaught, Robert H. Kilpat-
rick, Wm. Norris, Ashford H. Freese, George
W. Anderson.

MUSICIANS.

Darius A. Porter, Howard M. Shacklett.

PRIVATES.

Wm. T. Anderson, Isaac C. Anderson, Lewis
Ashcraft, Jos. Ashcraft, Michael Acord, John L.
Bennett, Jos. B. Bennett, Henry M. Bealmear,
Sylvester Baughman, James J. Butler, David Bur-
rel, John Black, Sam'l Cox, JohnW. Chaney,Jos.
Chaney, Amos Clapper, Samuel Dutro, Win. H.
Dunlap, James W. Evans, George W. Ellmore,
Nicholas, B. Ellmore, Wm. M. Fairall, Horace
J. Fairall, Albert G. Fleming, John Frazier,
Harvey D. Fairall, James W. Frazier, Wm. H.
Frazier, Isaac C. Franks, Thomas Goff, Joel F.
Grigsby, Robert Graham, Thomas Graham,
John George, Robert Guthrie, James S. Hom,
Franklin E. Jones, J. C. Jackson, Henry Jewett,
John C. Lemert, Zenas Lanham, John Matlocks,
John O. Minor, Joseph G. Moore, Robert Mc-
Quigg, J. L. McLanahan, David B. Morrow,
Adam Miller, Robert Morrison, John McCan-
dish, Christian Neibble, Gaddis Neff, David
Neely, Abram Osborn, James Parks, Levi
Phillips, Noah Ritzers, Curtis G. Sherrard, Geo.
P. Starrett, Lucius D. Shacklett, John D.
Shacklett, Lewellan Shacklett, Thomas C. Stag-

gers, John C. Shaffer, Solomon Stockdale,
Amos Stockdale, Edward J. Thurnwood, Abner
Tracy, Nelson Voris, David W. Woodward,
James Walcott, Jr., Lafayette D. Walcott, Fen-
ton Wells, Noah Westenberger, Campbell
Williams, Christian Kugua, K. B. Smith.

COMPANY I OFFICERS.

[Three months' men ; mustered in May i ith,
1864 ; mustered out at Zanesville, Aug. 24, 1864.]
Elliott Griffith, Captain.
Jasper Barnet, First Lieutenant.
Thomas Griffith, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

George Ashbrook, Henry Conrad, Jeremiah
Williams, Wesley Laurence, Daniel L. Conrad.

CORPORALS.

Zeno Glick, Henry Pontions, Levi Lutz,
Joseph Bachtel, Jacob Ernst, David Bogle'
Thomas J. Swope, James Ingman.

MUSICIANS.

Wm. P. Stine, Daniel F. Stine.

PRIVATES.

Jesse Allen, James R. Ashbrook, Benjamin F.
Ashbi-ook, Robert Barnett, Lewis Barnett,
Nathan Brogogan, Salam Buzzard, Wm. L.
Conrad, Martin D. Conrad, Edward Cross,
Abraham Cross, Samuel F. Christy, Jonas Con-
rad, Jonathan S. Cole, Joseph R. Cole, Daniel
Carpenter, Wells H. Chatman, Jefferson L.
Clark, John Dorring, Wm. Fisher, John W.
Fleming, Samuel Frizzle, Chas. W. Gift, Wm,
Griner, John Heckman, Francis M. Hennesay.
Jacob A, Huffman, Solomon Hunter, Wm. R.
Holtzman. Michael H. Haines, Jonas Hedges,
Ezra House, Wm. House. Larkin F. Jackson,
James Lytle, James E. Laurence, Jacob Mark-
wood, Jeremiah Moore. James W. Markle Jacob
Miller, Lewis Murray, Wm. Maravy, John
Maravy, George S. Markle, James W. Mark-
wood, Henry Murphy, John McCabe, Edward
Christian, Samuel G. Peters, Lawrence Kunkle,
Scott Rockek, Aquilla Rice, Thornton Reber,
Ferdinand Shupe, Abner R. Swope, Peter
Smith, Frederick Sidner, Joshua Tatman, Levi
Valentine, Wesley Valentine, Noah Valentine,
Jr., Joseph Welty, Chas. W. Williamson, Samuel
Walter, Wm. A. Wolfe, Wm. H. White, Silas
Welsh, Wm. Young, John L. Conrad.

COMPANY K OFFICERS.

George B. Weaver, Captain.
James A. Southard, First Lieutenant.
John Melick, Second Lieutenant.
Jacob Booh, Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

John J. Lane, John H. Crooks, Robert A.
Weaver, James Lane, Marquis Williamson.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

CORPORALS.

Luther C. Pace, Henry H. Dunn, George W.
Swingle, Clayton Jones, Charles Rider, Solomon
R. Baughman, RudolphuS Clark, John Shields.

MUSICIANS.

William A. McDonald, David Pace.

PRIVATES.

William Allen, William Axline, James Aliens-
worth, Thomas R. Andrews, George W. Brown,
Hiram Burton, John W. Baird, Jonathan Bell,
Edward Crosby, Henry Combs, Charles H.
Crooks, James B. Conway, William Clapper,
John W. Doughty, William Dixon, James Duvall,
Morris Dilts, James Dothard, Albert Dothard,
David Fultz, William Fickle, Robert Fulton,
John French, William Ford, Samuel Foreman,
Samuel Gordon, Amzile Given, Isaac Hodge,
William Holcomb, William J. Hoy, Samtiel
L. Harper, William S. Harper, Samuel Hines,
Reuben B. Jerman, James Johnson, Sandford
Kildow, James Kildow, George Lenhart, Adol-
phus B. Lowry, John Lloyd, James A. Mor-
gan, Jas. McDaniel, Wm. McDaniel, Geo. W.
Miller, T. McKinney, J. Miller, M. McKinney,
William McKinney, Joshua W. McKinney,
Joseph Newman, Samuel Newman, Henry
Pletcher, Robert Petty, John Petty, Bushrod Pat-
terson, Louis S. Poling, Edward Rider, Adam
Rider, Jacob Rambo. Hugh Roy, Nathaniel
Stultz, Joseph Sulser, Franklin Swingle, Joseph
Sagle, Isaac C. Swingle, Jackson Smitley, Jack-
son Stoneburner, William J. Spear, Samuel
Thompson, William Troy man, George Turner,
Zeddoc Wilson, Jasper Wilson, Alex. Wilson,
Alex. White, Washington Bretz.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGIMENT O. N. G.

[These were one-hundred-day men, and were
mustered in May 12, 1864, and mustered out
September 7, 1864. The companies of this regi-
ment raised in Muskingum County, were enroll-
ed May, 1864, for one hundred days. Mustered
out at expiration of term of service.]

FIELD AND STAFF.

Cyrus Reasoner, Colonel.

David W. D. Marsh, Lieutenant Colonel.

Henry Harbaugh, Major.

Robert F. Hickman, Jr., Adjutant.

Charles Dunn, Quartermaster.

John Kraps, Surgeon.

Calvin B. Holcomb, Assistant Surgeon.

James White, Chaplain.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Robert Ashbaugh, Sergeant Major.
Samuel T. Babb, Quartermaster Sergeant.
Nathan S. Kelley, Commissary Sergeant.
Frederick Holstein, Hospital Steward.
Thomas Jackson, Chief Musician.
WiUiam Jackson, Drum Major.

COMPANY D OFFICERS.

Mathias B. Trace, Captain,
Joseph Scott, First Lieutenant.
Adam Hammond, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Robert M. Atcheson, George Fell, John S.
Duft; David W. Ross, Thomas B. Glass.

CORPORALS.

William Hammond, Adam L. McMichael,
Washington N. Geyer, James A. Atcheson,
William Duff, Leonard Featherbee, John Davis,
Jerome Walters.

PRIVATES.

Benjamin Angel, Alexander Arneal, Adam N.
Anderson, William Balentine, Joseph B. Bell,
James H. Bell, Ephraim Barnett, James M. Big-
ger, John M. I3eard, Isaac D. Bradford, William
Caughey, William Cowden, James Cowden, An-
drew G. Carnes, Charles H. Emmack, Valentine
H. Forsythe, Thomas M. Fisher, George Fisher,
John W. Fisher, William Fell, Thomas J. Geyer,
John Glass, Samuel J. Geyer, John Guthrie,
Daniel G. Geyer, Mathias Hogseed, John F.
Howell, Robert Jamison, John G. Jackson,
David B. Law, William Lindsay, David Martin,
Matthew McNeal, R.obert Moorehead, James C.
Moorehead, James M. C. Moorehead, Alexan-
der McBride, William Marshall, William L.
Miller, John McCulley, Nathaniel McDonald,
Alexander Maxwell, William McCormick, Jas.
Osier, David L. Proudfit, John B. Proudfit, S.
Ramsey, O. Rankin, Jas. Ramsey, A. J. Sfarrett,
Robert' H. Scott, John B. Scott, WilHam T.
Smith, James McC. Smith, James M. Scott, Ja-
cob Simpson, Thomas F. Shaw, James Trace,
William M. Thomas, Daniel Trace, David G.
Thompson, Thomas Vickers, Thos. H. Wilson,
Jos. White, M. Wilson,Wm. Wylie, Jas. Wilson,
Benjamin B. White, Samuel C. Wortman, James
R. Dunlap, John Ritter, Joseph Strouder, Henry
H. Knepper, Simon P Spitler, John H. Ritter,
Andrew McCall.

COMPANY E OFFICERS.

Simon Siegfried, Jr., Captain.
Solomon H. Shroyer, First Lieutenant.
JohnH. Snoots, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS .

William B, Livingston, William Armstrong,
Samuel F. Hennold, Nixon Stewart, Barton
Cone,

CORPORALS.

George Wagoner, John Fitz, Julius C. Taylor,
Oliver H. Ross, James R. Sherer, Joseph Brown,
Martin R. Palmer, Samuel W. Sutton.

MUSICIANS.

George W. Snoots, John V. Zimmer.

PRIVATES,

Christian F, Aler, Christopher F. Aler, Alex-

3t2

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ander Armstrong, William Bagen, John Bowden,
William Bowden, William H. Bell, William W.
Bowman, Edwin Bowden, Wilson S. Bell, Ed-
win Brock, Samuel L. Baker, Timothy Bowden,
Jacob H. Crane, Benjamin F. Davis, Samuel H.
Dailey, William Edwards, Charles W. Ferrel,
Andrew Garrett, James W. Geyer, Samuel L.
Gey«r, Henry Gaumer, Washington Hardy,
Jacob G. Hanks, George E. Honnold, George P.
Honnold, Samuel S. Hammond, Jeremiah J.
Hanks, William W. Ijams, Stephen Joy, Francis
M. Jenkins, George B. Jackson, Daniel F. Kin-
ney, Isaac Knisely, Abraham Lane, Lawson
Legg, Daniel Miller, Carl ^isner, Charles Mis-
ner, John OrndorfF, Orrin Richardson, James W.
Roller, John B. Ross, George J. Shrigley, Wil-
liam B. Shrum, George Sutton, John J. Stewart,
Solomon D. Sturtz, David S. Steers. Jacob A.
Snoots, Washington Spicer,, Henry C. Shirer,
James E. Starkey, Jacob N. Stoots, William
Snoots, AdamC. Sturtz, Isaac N. Steers, James
T. Swank, George Sauer, Riley Shrigley, Jacob
L. Sturtz, Oliver M. Trittipo, Clinton C. Taylor,
John C. Taylor, George Thomas, Henry H. Wil-
liams, John White, Jacob Wagoner, Wm. White,
Armstead M. Wynn, Thomas F. White, Frank-
lin M. Wiles, Michael Zimmer, John Hammond.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGIMENT O.N.G.
COMPANY G OFFICERS.

Henry Greiner, Captain ; James T. McMahon,
First Lieutenant ; William Statler, Second Lieu-
tenant.

SERGEANT.

WiUiam T. Bailey.

PRIVATES.

James H. Abbott, John J. Coleman, Alouses
Chrisman, William H. Evans, Washington L.
Green, William H. Grubb, Frank Gordon, Wil-
liam H. Grimm, Charles L. Howell, Albert
Henderson, Jonathan Howell, George Jones,
Peter Krier, James M. Moore, James H. Paret, •
John P. Moore, Jesse Sutton, J. W. Spaulding,
Anthony Saup, Charles S. Stedman, John San-
baugh, Montillion Sutton, James F. Tracy.

COMPANY C OFFICERS.

George Ritchey, Captain; John 11. Huston,
First Lieutenant ; Austin G. Watts, Second
Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

John E. Ream and Thomas W. Baird.

CORPORALS.

David Crosser, Charles F. Moore, Isaac Wil-
liams, Noah Funderburg.

PRIVATES.

Edward H. Ardrey, John W. Baker, James
H. Barnet, WilHam H. Barnet, Archibald Baird,
Joseph S. Boyle, Silas G. N. Baker, William H.
Crossan, James G. Campbell, Darwin Chandler,

William Clapper, William H. Cline, Isaac Conn,
Joel Damson, Alfred D. Dean, James W. Hazlett,
Samuel Hamitt, William R. Hazlett, James H.
Johnson, George F. ^Krappes, .Isaac Kelly',
Robert Lyle, John W. Lyle, Lawson H. Mc-
Lain, James W. Moore, John W. Reachura,
George States, George G. Skinner, Alex. B.
Smith, James Stewart, William J. Shriver,
Stephen Shaw, Richard H. Virts, Simeon Wil-
liams.Williarn Wallace.

COMPANY I OFFICERS.

Hemy S. Findley, Captain.
Henry Dellinger, First Lieutenant.
Stuart Spier, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

Peter Monroe, John Q^ A. Payton, David
Reed, Eli Scott, Lemuel L. Coverdale.

CORPORALS.

Riley Peyton, George Echelberry, John Ter-
rible, j'ohn C. Taylor, Isaac M. White, William
H. Taylor, Joseph Osborn, Isaac H. Harlin.

PRIVATES.

Lvcurgus C. Ayres, Abraham C. Brown,
George Barr, Isaac W. Bird, Martin B. Bird,
Josiah Bird, Costen Betz, Wesley J. Chandler,
John Coverdale, John T. Dutro, Francis M.
Dutro, George E. Davis, John N. Dover, Elijah
Dinguy, Perrjr Echelberry, William Echelberry,
Joseph Echelberr3^ Elijah J. Frame, Andrew
Finney, Cassius JVI. C. Frazier. Thomas Gander,
Henry H. Gillsgly, John C. Gay. William Ham-
mond, Josepli Harlin, Stephen L. Haworth,
Caleb H. Hall, Jacob Huffman. Andrew James,
William Kraps, William C. Looker, Joseph Lee,
William Logan, William Lyons, Thomas Le-
page, John Lepage, George W. Legg. William
A. Miller, Samuel C. Morrison. Israel Mohorter,
Thomas M. McLees, Josiah McLees, William
Moore, John McConaghe}-. Lewis McLane,
Benjamin Neft", Samuel Osborn, Hamilton Os-
born, D. Pierce, J. Pierce, M. Pierce, J. Reed,
George S. Reed, Benjamin S. Richey. David
H. Smith, Nathan L. Smith, Horace Smitley,
Charles Starrett, James E. Smith, Charles Ship-
ley, Charles W. Smith, Thos. S. Smith, John B.
Taylor, Samuel H. Trimble, Abram R. Wil-
liamson, James Woodburn.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT.
COMPANY A OFFICERS.

[The members of this company from Muskin-
gum County, were enrolled, for the most part,
at Zanesville, during August and September,
1864 ; term of enlistment, one year.]

George L. Wells, Captain.

Joseph T. Jacobs, First Lieutenant.

William E. Atwell, Second Lieutenant. )

SERGEANTS.

Joseph Pursell, Eden Atwell. ^'

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

313

CORPORAL.

Lafayette Strong.

PRIVATES .

Amick Palm, Thomas Albright, Charles An-
ders, James E. Anders, Alva B. Arter, Percival
S. Boyer, John Barnett, Robert Davis, Charles
Griffin, Joseph M. GrandstafF, John HofFerd,
David H. Kent, Benjamin F. Leonard, James
M. Martin, Francis Mvilvany, John W. Perry,
William H. Stenger, Sanford Smith, William
Uphold, Marquis Williamson, Joseph W. Pur-
sell, Charles Swartz, William Thorpe, Thomas
Jefferson.

COMPANY F OFFICERS.

[Enrolled during August and September, 1864,
for one year.]
John E. Evans, Captain. ,

Frank J. Van Hoi-ne, First Lieutenant.
Daniel Dugan, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES .

William H. H. Arter, George Adams, John
Benker, WiUiam Barnett, Mitchel Blair, John S.
Bartholomew, Henry S. Byers, William Baner,
Charles H. Craig, Thomas Cochran, Frank
Compton,Theodore Cappel, John A. Daugherty,
Edward Dyamett, William Ebert, William
Flower, Lyman Gilham, John Gordon, James
Gutter}', David M. Hall, Stephen Harrop, Geo.
H. Harris, Thomas H. Keys, James H. Sem-
mon, Henry C. Launder, Joseph P. Laurence,
John W. Ginn, George McMillan, Moses A. Mc-
Call, William McBride, James A. McCleary,
John W. Mohles, Joseph Miles, Stephen A.
Mitchel, Joshua Nesline, John Nesline, James M.
Prince, Jonathan Pickenpaugh, Charles D. Rob-
inson, Aaron S. Richards, Thomas D. Reed,
Wilson S. Roberts, Dennis Reardon, Francis
M. Sprague, Andrew Sprague, John Stires,
Heniy Soliday, James Stanbus, David Smith,
Henry Smith, James G. Streight, Gilbert Sny-
der, Ehas Snyder, John O. Shrigley, Gillispie
Toland, Archey Vernon, John Wires,' William
L. Wilson, Edward Wilson, Isaac S. Winn,
Henry Young, Chris. Gillie, Henry Miller,
Francis D. Y. Reese, Thomas Sanford, Warts
Barton, James Moore, George V. Zimmer.

ONE HTJNDEBB AND NINETY-FIFTH RECaMENT
O. N. G.

[This Regiment was organized March 25th,
1865, foi' 0116 year.] ^

FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry B. Banning, Colonel and Brevet Brig-
adier General.

Marcellus J. W. Holter, Lieutenant Colonel
and Brevet Colonel. *

Wm. H. Free, Major and Brevet Lieutenant
Colonel.

John Dickerson, Surgeon.

James W. Bushong, Captain.
.James Myers, First Lieutenant.

Chas. H. Babcock, First Lieutenant and Regi-
mental Quartermaster.

HughL. Strain, Assistant Surgeon.

Daniel B. Elson, Assistant Surgeon.

James Trownsell, First Lieutenant and Adju-
tant.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Robert C. Turner, Sergeant Major.
John B. Porter, Quartermaster Sergeant.
Willoughb}' M. Marcks, Hospital Steward.
Harvey W. Hahn, Drum Major.
Homer Bricker, Fife Major.
Robert S. Grimm, Commissary Sergeant.
Chas. Bergin, Quartermaster Sergeant.
Thomas A. Miller, Sergeant Major.
Clarkson S. Whitson, Sergeant Major.

COMPANY E OFFICERS.

[About one-half of this company was Enrolled
at Zanesville, in February and March, 1865, for
one year.]

Wm. Van Home, Captain.

Wm. J. Rodman* First Lieutenant.

Chas. T. Goulding, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

S. Mon-is Adams, Wm. P. Bailey, Joel Bailey,
John Booz, George Bradford, John P. Bateman,
Wm. Bell, Henry Bell, Henry D. Butler, John
H. Conn, Daniel Cooper, Alfred Chapman,
George Chester, Wm. Doyle, Robert Dunn,
Peter Dugan, John O. Davis, John Elmore,
Chas. Ebert, Robert H. Foster, Wm. Flanagan,
Gilbert Geslen, Wm. A. Good, Chas. T. Gould-
ing, Wm. Gainer, George Genter, Joseph Hittle,
George Hetzel, Chas. W. H^ammond, Howard
O. Johnson, Albert Kelso, John Korte, George
W. Langan, Albert D. Langan, Alex. Lowrvv
Chas. Menefee, Samuel Plants, Dustin Rusk,
John A. Richey, George Scott, Jesse Sprankle,
Clement Thomas, Alfred Wills, Francis N.
Wise, Abraham Wills, Chas. Wilkinson, Chas.
L. Wines, Peter Williams, Curtis WilliamSv
Henry H. Williams.

COMPANY I OFFICERS.

[The detachment of this Company raised in
Muskingum county, was enrolled at Zanesville,
during February and March, 1865, for one year.]

George H. Play ford. Captain.

Henry C. London, Fii-st Lieutenant.

John W. Goshen, Second Lieutenant.

• PRIVATES.

John Adams, James Bargester, Franklin
Baine, Henry Bowman, John E. Bowman,
Joseph Brown, Wm. R. Bucken, George Chap-
man, Peilia Chapman, Willis Chapman. Alfred
Cooper, Sanborn D. Dean, Wm. Day, Nicholas
Deitrich, Wm. Dunn, David Dunn, John'Elmore,
James H. Ford, John W. Goshen, Robert Grimm,
Rhinehart Grimm, Jacob Plazan, Harven W.
Hahn, John Hardest}', Wm. Harris, George
Hoffman, John A. Hull, Jacob Inglehart, Samtiel

314

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Jolly, Robert W. Lannon, Jacob Lakey, Stephen
Lowe, Jeremiah W. Miller, James Nelson, Ben-
jamin Pritchard, Jordan Pritchard, Wm, Riley,
Lot P. Sales, Martin V. Spangler, Frank
Spinks, Jol n Switzer, Isaac N. Stotts, John W.
Terry, John Toll, Frank Thomas, Ferdinand
Weaver, John D. Williams, Geoi'ge W. Warner,
Wiley Worstal, Andrew Smitley.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY SIXTH REGIMENT
O. V I.

[This Regiment was mustered March 25th,
1865.]

COMPANY G OFFICERS.

[The members of this Cotnpany enrolled in
Muskingum county, were mustered in during
January, February and March, 1865, for one
year.]

Reuben C. Berger, Captain.

James A. Brown, First Lieutenant.

Uriah J. Favorite, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

John K. Anderson, Henry S. Axline, Henry
A. Axline, (enrolled February 13th, 1865, as pri-
vate, for one year ; mustered out at expiration of
term ; now Major of the Seventeenth O. N. G.,
and Chief Clerk in Adjutant General's office,
Columbus, Ohio.) Robert Allen, John Bagley,
David Biigh, John W. Beem, Lorenzo Crooks,
John H. Crooks, Gilbert Hayes, Jacob Huffman,
Peter Long, James A. McFarland, Jacob Myers,
Benjamin L. Nefl', John Rambo, Jacob Simons,
James W. Shugley, John Shunkel, John C.
Taylor, Wm. Thompson, Robert B. Woodward,
David C. Woodward.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT
O. V. I.

[This Regiment was mustered April 24th,
1865.]

COMPANY B OFFICERS.

[The men named below were enrolled at
Zanesville, early in 1865, for one year.]
Amos L. Parks, Captain.
Andrew J. Rayner, First Lieutenant.
Wm. O. Robb, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

Mothiot Culbertson, Washington Hardy,
Frederick Hittle, John A. Hulls, Wm. J .Young,
George D. Walters.

COMPANY F OFFICIERS.

i Enrolled same as Company B.]
ohn W. Farmer, Captain.
AzroJ. Cory, First Lieutenant.
Samuel P. T)rake, Second Lieutenant.

PRIVATES.

John W. Beacham, Joseph W. Bell, Morgan
Carr, Albert Gruiemer, John P. Lease, James
Mitchel, W.J. Hardman.

UNION TOWNSHIP SOLDIERS.

The following is a list of enlisted men who
went to the war from Union township, and were
not enumerated in the foregoing record, which
was kindly furnished by George L. Foley, of that
township :

Forty-first Regiment O. V. I. — ^Joseph and
Neely Alexander.

Twenty-fourth Regiment O. V. I. — Isaac
Smith.

Twenty-sixth Regiment O. V. I. — Samuel Bar-
nett, Mathias Smith.

Thirty-sixth Regiment O. V. I. — Thomas Fo-
ley.

Eighty-eighth Regiment O. V. I.— John W,
Gaston, William Nelson, Andrew Nelson, Rich-
ard Rice, David Alexander, Griffin Alexander,
James Williams, Lewis Williams, James Speer,
William Jamison, George Wallace, James Gal-
braith.

Eighty-fifth Regiment O. V. I., (three months)
— John Vankirk, James Williams, H. M. Cald-
well, L. L- MeLaughlin, Stewart Speer, John
McKinney, Luther Brown, J. H. McDonald,
Melvin Madden.

One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment O.
V. I.— T. W. McKinney.

First Regiment O. V. C— W. W. Wharton.

United States Artillery — Edward Cavey.

First United States Engineers — ^J. M. Valen-
tine.

Fifth United States Colored Guards — Henry
Self.

One Hundred and Twentv-Fifth Regiment
O. V. I. — George Wharton.

United States Steamer Brilliant, in Mississippi
Squadron, Cumberland Fleet ; Fitch, Comman-
der, under Admiral Porter — Captain Perkins.

Crew, (enlisted b}' G. R. Thomas, at Zanes-
ville, 1863-4) ■

George D. Little, Second Officer.

Thomas Vaughn, Third Officer*

Dr. James, Surgeon.

Randolph, Pilot.
Willey, First Engineer.

Hovv'ard Monkhouse, Second Engineer.

William Stj-le, Third Engineer.

Thomas M. Sloan, Fourth Engineer.

Robert Nelson, Ensign.

Men — Seth Stoughton, J. R. Thomas, Conrad
Carl, William Phillips, James Burley, John Mc-
Bride, J. V. H. Wiles, James Palmer, Herrick
Blue, Dan Leis, Richard Stillwell, Peter Cl'ine,
William Walters, James McElroy, Alexander
Lewis, William Atwell, Enos Atwell, John Spen-
cer, John Milfelt, JeflTerson Stonesipher, R. John
Brown, Robert Nelson, William H, Mooi'e, Hen-
ry Brown, G. B. McClellan, Abram Kelley, O.
G. McCutchen, James Crozier, Darius Chandler,
George Rex, "Tom" Bloomer, William Ford,
"Tom" Prosser, Samuel Russel, F. T. Wilbur.
H. Boring, L. H. Cockrell, J. H. Senight, W.
Kincade, P. Lemick, R. Prescott, William Len-
hart, Charles Merriam, W. Swank, William An-
derson, Fred. Olmstead, J. McNeeley, W. J.
Robb, Eb. Seborn, George Shaw, William Lar-

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

315

zalear, Solon Best, N. K. Smith, William Mc-
Bride, Benjamin Crabben, James Peters, John
Bowers, George Berkshire, E. C. Farquhar, E.
B. Haver, Silas Abel, Enoch Wilbur, George Se-
wright, Daniel Schiiler, Charles Carlo, John Mc-
Coy, William Elmore, Andrew Josslyn, and Jas.
Brennan.

Those who served in 1863, were in the action
at Fort Donnelson, the others at Johnson ville and
Nashville.

SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT O. N. G.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Frederick Geiger, Colonel.

Edgar J. Pocock, Lieutenant Colonel.

Henry A. Axline, Major.

James Huston, Adjutant.

William A. Bell, Quartermaster.

Frederick Holston, Surgeon.

S. Curtis Priest, Assistant Surgeon.

William H. McFarland, Chaplain.

. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

S. R. Robinson, Sergeant-Major.

C. M. Wing, Quartermaster-Sergeant.

C. H. Craig, .

O. TufFord, Hospital Steward.
R. A. Vogenitz, Fife-Major.
Jack Farnum, Drum-Major.

REGIMENTAL BAND. *

C. E. Hammond, Leader; C. F. Burrelf, Ser-
geant ; T. W. Wright, Sergeant ; F. Strosnider,
O. West, J. Wright, C. Holmes, T. J. Martin,
William Smith, William H. Hull, J. H. Mains,
George R. Meloy, J. Rambo, Musicians.

COMPANY A (ZANESVILLE CITY GUARDS) OF-
FICERS.

John A. Mcft-row, Captain.

Charles H. Harris, First! Lieutenant.

Martin H. S. Myers, Second Lieutenant.

SERGEANTS.

J. Scholl, J. W. Boyd, W. F. Knellinger, Chas.
'Cooper, D. Leyda.

CORPORALS.

Emil Geiger, F, Starke, J. Winters, H. Rockel,
Frederick Forester, William Koenig, Charles
Geiger.

PRIVATES.

Charles Barton, R. F. Dillon, F. Factor, J.
Farrel, William Gilger, F. Gulick, Frederick
Klenein, E. Kappes, J. Love, H. Leybolt, T.
Hoffman, A. Moore, William Magner, C. Michel,
T. McCormick, C. McCormick, George Palmer,
G. Parshall, S. Roberts, J. Reinharth, C. Roach,
H. Schneider, W. Shrum, George Wilson, H.
Nichols, C. H. Bryon, William Downs, John
White, S. Crawford, George Foerster, H. Flan-
nigan, E. T. Roberts, C. Waters, T. A. Victor,
H. McOwen, (the last two discharged).

BOLL OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY'S DEAD SOLDIERS.

Honor to the dead, as well as the living, sol-
dier ! The following list of soldiers who died on
the battle field, in prison, in hospital, and at
home, from wounds or disease, resulting from
service in the War of the Rebellion — embracing
those given in company, except the supplement
to Company A, by R. B. Brown — is the result
of three years' labor, by W. O. Munson, who
obtained the particulars from relatives of the de-
ceased ; and for this "labor of love," they, and
every patriot, will ever hold him in grateful re-
membrance, and say, with the poet :

"Soldier, rest! thy warfare o'er,

Sleep the sleep that knows no breaking ;
Dream of battlefields no more,

Days of danger, nights of waking.
In our Isle's enchanted hall,

Hands unseen thy couch are strewing,
Fairy strains of music fall,

Every sense in slumber dewing ;
Soldier rest!"

FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — Benjamin W. Barton.
Charles Sailer, Thomas Dorsey, Edward Jen-
nings.

SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — George Morrison.
Company B — James Edwin,

Wilson.

Company E — James Saffel, Noah Kinkade,
George H. Hanks, Alfred Shamblin, Daniel
Brown, John Bergamer, John Bowman, John
Lawson, Isaiah Poland, James H. Sheppard,
Henry Sullivant, Joseph Thompson, Lewis
Young, Simon Elliott, Jeptha R. Austin, Captain
John C. Hazlett, Enoch Hedges, John R. John-
ston, John Hyatt, Hiram Cowan, David Mass,
Edward Cary, George Sowers, Hiram Cox,
William H. Musselman, Jacob Schneider,
James H. Crumbaker, Lewis P. Haver, Bern-
hard Fix, Frederick Grimm, Xavier Flaig,
George H. Groom, James Matthews.

Company H — David Mercer, H. Pigram.

FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — Robert Sealbring.

EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Jacob Cushman. .

TWELFTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

William H. Cockerell.

FIFTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — William H. Hammond, Lewis
Forsyth, Benoni Leadman, C. W. Bailejs James
Alexander, Captain J. C. Cummins, James Gorm-
ley^ W. L. Brown, R. M. Brown, Captain
Thomas N. Hanson, Lieutenant Andrew L.
Hadden, James F. McGee, Carson E. Madden,
William Rice, David McCutcheon, T. W. Skin-
ner, Alonzo Wilson, Harvey White (starved to
death at Andersonville). ^

3i6

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Company B — Levi Frost, William H. H.
Wiles.

Company C — Phillip Schaus.
Ezra Baughman, Jasper Dailey.

SIXTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — J. P. Somers, Patrick Berry,
Thomas Babb, William Boney, Sutherland
Baughman, Austin Tuttle, John Englehart,
Samuel Scott, John Morrison, B. Compton, Al-
exander Buble, Alexander Christy, Leander
Williams, James H. Smith, John George, Julius
Weaver, Lieutenant Andrew E. Smiley, William
I. Permar, James M. McKinney, James Comin,
William Guthrie. Bruno Heidel, James L. Had-
den, John Masters, Francis Mount, James B.
McCutcheon, Jasper Smith, Benoni Ledman.

Compan}^ C — Charles C. Smart.

Company D — Andrew Casner, Richard Cas-
ner, William Davis, John Mills, Franklin Mon-
roe, Thomas Barker, Ezeriah McVicker, Ed-
ward J, Hickey, James Holden, Jasper Jackson,
Hugh McMurray. W. H. H. Sprague, John
Chadwick, David C. Dunmead, Isaiah F. Kin-
ney, Daniel St. Clair, Spencer Fletcher, Joshua
G. Fletcher, James McFarland, Charles Tatum.

Company F — Washington Spencer.

SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Thomas Grisby.

EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — ^Josephus Cordray, James W.
Dewar, Seymour Davis.

Company H — James E. Kildon.

NINETEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company E — ^James Atkinson, Walter J. As-
ton, John Davy, Howard C. France, Miles D.
Gadd, John W. Harding, Charles Koontz, J. W.
Palmer, Catharinus Springer, Charles Weaver,
Nelson Ball, Frank Lank, George Trout, George
Herald, Norville Greenland, Valentine Mum-
mell, Thomas H. Parkinson, John Ball, Miles
Goble, Henry Ely.

Company K — Isaac Priest, Lieutenant Fred.
Lentz.

TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — ^John Riddle, Mark McCann,
Hiram Dozer, F. M. Atkinson, John Phillips,
Frank Greenland, Frank -Pritchard, Christian
Rines, Eugene Sullivant, Alexander Winn,
George M. Thomas.

Company D — Marion Dempster, Nathaniel
McCann.

Lieutenant Samuel Wheeler, Lieutenant Rob-
ert Wheeler.

THIRD REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company G — Leander GrandstafF, William
Hewell, John Carlow.

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company F — Isaac Berkheimer, Mitchell,
Huffman.

TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company F — Anthony Gaumer, Samuel Bar-.
nett.

TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Uriah McGee.

THIRTIETH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — Mifflin Cusac.
Company H — Benjamin Ditter.

THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — ^John W. Montgomery.
Company D — W. D. Conner.
Company G — ^James M. Porter.

THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company D — Alexander Tanner.

Company G — Francis Lewis, Samuel H. Pri-
or, James EofF, Benjamin F. Keyes, John Cross-
land, John Miller, Urbana Nordman.

FORTIETH REGIMENT O. V. 1.

Company C — John Gray.

FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Joseph Alexander, Nialy Alexander.

FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company F — Perry Echelberry.
Company H — Wm. Boal, John McFee.

FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company D — Wm. GriiFen.
Company H— S. W. Mills.

FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. ^'. I.

Company B — Henry D. King.

SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — David Baughman, Lewis Crane,
Grafton Harrop, Jacob Flarrop, Stephen Wood-
ruff, John Barber, James Cherry, David Slack,
D. B. Monroe, James Forsythe. John McDowell,
William Dieterich.

Company B — ^John B. Price, Joseph Roberts,
J. H. Horseman.

Companj- C — James Musgrove.

Company D — William Emery, Joseph Os-
mond, William Arthur.

Company F— W. B. Bell, James H. Ogle,
Benjamin Palmer, James F. Cole, John Cassel,
Julivis Evans, Robert Sharpe, Frank Gressel,
Joseph Parkinson, Thomas Passwater, Wm.
Henry Blake.

Company H — Wm. W. Morris.

Company K — George Hawn.

Major Wm. Edwards, Adjutant Dan. C.
Liggit, Joseph King, David F. Swingle, Wm.
McMillan.

SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company K — Asa Vernon.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

317

SIXTY-SEVENTH I^EGIMENT O. V. I.

Company I — James Male.

SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company I — Innis Elson, Wm. L. Elson,
John Robbins.

SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — Howard Wilson.
Company F — G. W. Settle.

SEVENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Henry Nelson.

SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Cornpany A — ^John G. Moore, David Victor,
Jay Adams, W. H.Austin, C. C. Lemert, Jere-
miah Kitchen, D. F. Weekly.
•Company B — ^Jacob Smith, Jacob Smitley.

Company F — William Frazier.

James K. Polk Morrisson, Horace Reynolds,
Moses Bash.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company A — Mil^er Prior, Jasper Hasley,
Hamilton Miller, Joseph G. Thompson, John H.
Trace, John R. Wilson, Thomas C. Wilson,
Andrew Francis, John Lyons, J. W. Spring,
Alex. M. Cox, John Crawford, Henry Crawford,
James Fleming, Benjamin Watson, Lewis Vogt,
Robert Hanson, Levi Hammond, Samuel
Hughes, Thomas Reasoner, George F. Richey,
John McWhirter, Charles W. Keammerer,
Jacob Withes, Wesley M. Lyons, Henry RatlifF,
George W. Irvin, Joseph Wilson.

Company B — Aseph Cooper, George W. Loy,
David Shepperd, Harrison Varner, William
Sullivant, James Gochanauer, John Gochanauer,
Abel Farnsworth, James M. Thompson, C. W.
Barrel, Hamline Gardner, Daniel Horn, Joseph
Jenkins, Charles Night, L. A. Roberts, George
W. Richardson, John W. Spring, John F. Moore,
Hiram Mercer, William Sutton, John W. Tan-
ner, Lewis Moore, Randolph C. Aston, Richard
Dickerson, Robert Figley, Samuel Lewis, James
Lewis, George H. Matthews, Albert Smith,
John Skinner, Cordon R. Wiles, John Weaver,
Thomas Kelly, Benjamin Scott, George W.
Cooper.

Company C — Joseph V. Simpson, J. F. Baird,
Charles D. Flowery, Horace B. Flowei'S, John
Jones, Hugh R. McRoberts, David Pierce,
Joseph R. Starret, Henderson Jordon, John
Cantwell, Edward English, B. H. Jordon, Lewis
C. Jordon, James Morton, Augustus Galla.

Company D — J. D. Austin, Samuel Dutro,
David Echelberry, Albert Hunt, William Kinney,
Charles Kinney, Fred Osborn, Andrew Wallace,
William A. White, LeviC. Conn, Samuel Jones,
John A. Armstrong, Manly Crumbaker, Samuel
P. Campbell, Francis Godfrey, Wm. A. Pake,
William Sullivant, Moss Bash, Captain E.
Hilles Tallev.

Company E — Sylvester L. Bailey, W. S.
Bowers, Henry W. Dozer.

Company F^ohn McCune, Wm. Simpson,
Benjamin Conway, Samuel Morrison, John Mc-
Cune, Perry Sprague, John Trimble, Phillip
Shaffer, John McHunter, John Morrison, James
Taylor, John Wine, John Oliver, Nicholas Ver-
non, Thomas Hopes, Joel Runnion, Samuel
Hurrel, Wesley West, Jonathan Whittaker,
Francis M. Story, .Oliver P. Story, J. M. Winn,
Wm. Blixenschultz.

Company G — Martin Gafney, Francis Porter,
Owen Sullivan.

Company H — D. G. Stultz, Henry Alwes.

Company I — George Johns, D. C. Willis.

Company K — ^Jos. Anderson, Frank Fracker.

Lieutenant James F. Caldwell, George Trout,
John W. Wilson, Joseph Loy, William Allen,
J. F. Matthews, M. K. Hawkins, William
Monighan, Henry Sutton, William Norris,
Jeremiah Norris, IsaacLee, Wm. Laughlin,

Wilbur F. Armstrong, Hawkins. Phillip

Gibbons.

EIGHTIETH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — David Powell.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Lewis Williams.

NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company F — Arthur J. Van Horn.
Quartermaster Sergeant, George I. Potts.

NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company B — ^John Bracken, Hugh Elliott,
John Humble, Simon Elliott, William Bracken.

Company C — John Miller.

Company E — James A. Lydig, David Ross,
Ezra Ross, J. J. Stultz, William Weaver,
Charles Lucas, Josiah H. Lucas, Henry
Neibel, James Prindle, Caleb Munroe, George
W. Olden, William D. Weaver, Adam Yeast,
Samuel Shuck, Alvah Bartholomew, William H.
Bowden, Samuel A. Brill„ George Bowman,
Henry H. Dougherty, James H. Forrest, Charles
Keyes, Converse M. Shiver, J. Morton Dillon,
George Fridoline, John Robinson.

Company F — Fred Starner, Jacob Ane, Ana-
nias Dunn, James Dwiggens, Charles C.
Macham, Alexander Morton, John V. Shiple}^
John Williams, John W. Weaver, David A.
Gibbons, Sylvester Stanley, John St. Clair,
Andrew Wilson, James Whittingham, George
B. Wright.

Company G — James F. Bell, John M. Bell,
Henry Cooper, John Martin, John Rodecker,
Jeremiah Reynolds, Thomas Salisberry, Mat-
thew Sellers, Emanuel Drumm, Lemon B.
Stevens, David W. Varner, Henry Sherman,
Vincent Staggers, Curtis W. Campbell, George
Fletcher, R. W. Hunter, William H. Madden,
John C. Cramblett, Hugh Elliot, John E. Hark-
ness, John W. Saladee, George Elliot.

3i8

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Company H — William Hamrick, James Larri-
son.

Company K — David F. Peairs, Moses
Dozier, William Dieterich, Henry Leasure Bazel
Storms, John Eastworthy, E. A. Bain, Captain
William Berkshire, John L. Chapman, William
Gardener, Finle}"^ Hemphill, Robert Stockdale,
B. A. scott, John H. Spaulding.

David Hetzel, Alfred Shamblin, C. Z. Doll-
man, John Hoop, James L.Polen, John F.Carlow.

ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company G — Lafayette Morgan.

ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company I — Abram Leffler.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTV-SECOND REGIMENT
O. V. I.

Company A — Christian Sandel, Joseph Trout,
John A. Good, James Luman, Nicholas Mountz,
Alfred Josslyn, Jacob Dietenback, Thomas
Fulkerson, Absalom Krewson, James Lnman,
John F. McMillan, Andrew Voll, A. W. William-
son. Walter I. Wells, William Monroe, Gordon
Huntingdon, Cyrus Sarchett, jasper Cochran,
Joseph Frost, Newton Cockerill.

Company E — Richard Reed, Ezra Atchison,
James Atchison, John Foster, Richard Stephens,
Frederick Aler.

Company F — George McCann, William Hat-
ton, Martin V. Murphy, Thomas Mitchell, Seth
Marshall, Hiram' Simms, James F. Wilson,
John Granger, Francis Retallick, Edward B.
McCracken,. James L. Dunn, Charles Little,
George W. Newall, Joseph Kellar, Thomas
Bellville, Hiram Sears, John Young, James F.
Wilson.

Company H — Elisha Crawford.

Company I — Cephas Hammond, Jeremiah
Shepperd, Denton Adams, Jasper Adams, Jacob
Whitman, Thomas Hittle, William James, Wil-
liam S.Caldwell, Jeff. Q. McMillan, John F.
Timms, Stephen Van Kirk, Edward H. Hilliard,
James Stull, Phillip L. Pake.

Company K — William Hamler, Thomas Glad-
man, A. B. Simms, Henry Mook, Jacob W.
Wright, John Knarwer, George Zelhart, John
Randall.

Isaac Leasure, John McBride, Morris-
son, William Asher, Henry Fulton, David E.
Watson, Samuel Reynolds, H. A. Bainter.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
O. V. I.

Company H — Abraham Pollock.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT
O. V. I.

Company B — ^John Dare, William Hughes,
Nelson Lewis, Henry Sawyer,, Macajah Martin,
Anthony Prior, Leroy Roberts, Samuel Stans-
berry, William Crooks, William Bogal, T. Carter.

Company E^^. Morrison, J. Palmer.

Company G — Alvah Flemming.

Leonard, James Chopan, George Brook-
over, Wesley Shutt.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company D — Lewis Coos.
Company H — Horace I. Fairvall, J. G. Moore,
James Parker, Ashuel Bilen.
Company K — Bushrod Patterson.
Charles Smith, George Dunn.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGIMENT O.' V. I.

Company E — J. N. Steers, J. J. Stuart, An-
drew Garrett.

Company I — John F. Dutro, Josiah McLees,
Isaiah White, Fisher.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT
O. V. I.

Major B. C. G. Reed.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT
O. V. I.

Company E — Newton Wells.
Company F — William Flowers, Matthew
Crawford, C. M. Harding.

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT
O. v. I.

Company F — Noah Colder.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT O.
v. I.

Company E — ^William Good, Joseph Frost,
Miley Worstall, Henry J. Langstaff.

Company I Owens.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT
O. v. I.
Company F — John Stires.

EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT V. S.I.

Patrick Cantwell, David Diven.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT
O. v. I.

John A. Combs.

SECOND REGIMENT O. V. C.

Companj' B — Warren B. Shebely.

FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

Benjamin F. Shever.

FIFTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

Company I — Peter Leffler. -
Company D — Lewis Epley.

NINTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

Company A — Jacob Christman, F. McGuire,
James N. Shutt.

George Edwards, Martin W. Griffin, Joseph
Axline, Abi-aham Spurr, Jr., James Hatman.

TENTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

« ^

Geoi-ge Wolford, Gideon Arnold, Jos. Morgan.
Company B — John F. Harnin.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

319

THIRTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

Company F — James Parks, C. C. Smith, Lieu-
tenant Clayton C. Jewell, George Somers,
Samuel Ehrman, Benoni A. Williams, Alvah
James, R. J. McLaine, Smith.

SECOND WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY.

Company I — Edward Calvin.
Company H — Alfred Anderson.
Company C — ^Joseph P. Taylor

ARTILLERY.

Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett, Company D,
Fifth Regiment, U. S. Artillery; Lieutenant
Joshua Maden, First Artillery ; James Wray,
Heavy Artillery ; John H. Nelson, Twenty-sec-
ond Battery ; Wilson Shannon Morrison, Com-
pany I, First Heavy Artillery.

MARINE AND GUNBOAT SERVICE.

Homer H. RoiF, Abel F. Kille, Herrick Blue,
John McMulkin.

EIGHTH WISCONSIN REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.

Company C — Joseph Gander.

FIRST REGIMENT O. V. C.

Company B — George C. Shvxbach.

THIRTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. C.

Company F— W. E. Toland, J. W. Clark.

THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

John Moore.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

George A. Johnston.

COLORED TROOPS.

Thomas Starts, Fifth U. S. ; John Thompson,
Eleventh U. S. ; Robert J. Terril, Eleventh U.
S. ; Charles Wilson, Fifth U. S. ; Abraham Rob-
inson, Samuel Barnett, Nathaniel Hall, Eleventh
U. St ; Company D, John Halfhill, Greenberry
Hunnyact, Eleventh U. S. ; Company M, Wil-
liam Kenney, Western Fletcher, Eleventh U. S. ;
David Ivins, Fifty-fifth U. S. ; Company M,
Henry Beatty, George Brown, Fifth U. S. ;

Mark A. Lucas, Brady, George Hillj

George P. White.

THIRD liEGIMENT O. V. I.

Bernard H. Fix, Hiram Cox, Francis H.
Flaig, Louis P. Haver, Frederick Grim, John
F. Grooms, George Sowers, Martin, V. B. Mat-
thews.

NINETEENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Valentine Mummel, Benjamin Cross, Isaac
N. Priest, Charles E. Koontz, James Atkinson,
Walter J. Aston, James Franks, John M. Har-
den, George Herrald, Charles Weaver, Norval

W. Greenland, Thomas Parkinson, Nelson B.
Ball, Jackson Corder, Michael Chauncey, Ed-
ward English, Howard France, Henry ElHs,
George N. M. Huntington, W. H. J. RatHff,
Cathertan Springer, Allen Dunn.

TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Nathan McCann, Hemy W. Dawnum, John
Riddle, Hiram Dozier, Francis M. Dempster,
Thomas Kelley, John Phillips, Eugene Sullivan,
George M. Thomas, Francis Pritchard.

THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Stephen Kinkaid, Francis Lewis, Alexander
Tanner, Southerland Baughman, Thomas J.
Babb, John Harris, Jesse Lovell, Joseph Purcell,
Thomas Pierson, Henry Ross, James D. Silvers,
John Thomas, Valentine Young, Leander Wil-
liams, Patrick Berry, Benjamin Compton, Alex-
ander Christie, John C. George, John Ingelhart,
John Morrison, Samuel S. Scott, George -H.
Little, John P. Sommers, Austin Tuttle.

SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Daniel B. Monroe, William Edwards, John
McCauley, David Slack, Joseph Twyman, Mar-
tin Wesley, Israel Montoney, Stephen Wood-
ruff, David F. Baughman, Joseph T. King, Eli-
jah Atkins, Lewis H. Crane, James Cherry,
Henry Dusenberry, Stephen Freed, David Het-
zel, Grafton Harrop, Jacob Harrop, David King,
William Stainbrook, Joseph Trout, John W.
Weller, Avery Black, Thomas Passwaters, Ben-
jamin F. Palmer, W. P. Bell, George Bartlett,
Benjamin F. Matron, Samuel H. Hughes, John
W. Wilson.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH liEGIMENT O. V. I.

Joseph Jenkins, William Norris, Jeremiah
Norris, Felix W. Baird, George H. Matthews,
John W. Spring, Andrew H. Wallace, James
Austin, Manly H. Crumbaker, Samuel P. Camp-
bell, Davis Echelberry, Francis Godfrey, Jacob
Withers, WiUiam M. White, Samuel Hurrell,
Oliver C. Story, James Tremble, Benjamin Con-
way, James Halsey, Samuel T. Morrow. Perrj-
S. Sprague, Jonathan Whitaker.

NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT O. V. I.

C. M. Shirer, Wm. Bowden, H. H. Dough-
erty, Geo. Fredoline, Charles Keys, Thos. W.
Prindle, John Robinson, Samuel Shuck, William
Trussler, William D. Weaver, Samuel A. Brill,
Ananias Dunn, John W. Wea-^-er, Robert W. P.
Hunter, William Johns, Charles E. Machan,
Johnson McNaught, John McCain, Alexander
Morton, James McClary, James Parish, John V.
Shipley, John St. Clair, Frederick Starner, Syl-
vester Stanlev, William Taylor, William Tilton,
James Whittenham, Andrew J. Wilson. William
H. Madden, Harvey Tatham, John Martin,
Lemon B. Stevens, Henry Cooper, Thomas
Salisburj', John A. Armstrong, James Bell, John
C. Cramblet, Manuel Drum, Hugh Elliott. Geo.

320

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Fletcher, Henry Hall, John E. Harkness, John
Rodecker, Matthew W. Sellers, Vincent Stag-
gers, David W. Varner, Jeremiah J. Reynolds,
JohnL. Chapman, John A. Baine, Moses Dozer,
William Hamrick, Fiiidley Hempfield, Henry
C. Sherman, Bazil Storms, George Trout.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT
O. V. I

Alfred A. Josslyn, Theodore Slack, Thomas
Fulkerson, James Luman, John F. McMillen,
(in Andersonville), Cyrus Sarchet, Robert R.
Sloan, John V. Thomas, Joseph Trost, Walter
T. Wells, Newton Cockrell, James Kilburn, John
W. Kerr, Edward Carter.

SECOND REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company E — Daniel Brown, Jeptha R.Austin,
James E. Carey, Isaiah Poland, Lewis Young,
John Bergman, John H. Bainter, George H.
Hanks, John Hyatt, Jacob Hittle, Enoch Hedges,
Noah Kinkade.

GRAND AEMY OP REPUBLIC

Hazlett Post, No. 8i, G. A. R.— This
Post was organized in the city of Zanesville,
Muskingum county, Ohio, June ist, 1881, with
the following roll of charter members :

Post Commander-^Col. Charles C. Goddard.

Senior Post Commander — M. V. B. Kennedy.

Junior Post Commander — Wilson C. Moore.

Adjutant — Howard Aston.

Quartermaster — Charles L. Moore.

Chaplain — Rev. Theodore Crowl.

Surgeon — Dr. Alfred Ball.

Officer of the Day — Charles Grant.

Officer of the Guard — Frank J. Van Florne.

Sergeant Major — George S. Warner.

Assistant Inspector — Frederick Geiger.

Aid de Camp — Henry C. Lillibridge.

The Roll of Comrades was as follows : Jesse
S. Arter, J. H. Axline, G. F. Axline. R. B.
Brown, Fenton Bagley, Thomas S. Black,
Thomas G. Beaham, Henry Barker, Jr., J. S.
Beach, D. J. Brown, W. J. Chandler, A. B.
Chilcote, R. A. Cunningham, Daniel Dugan, J.
H. Drake, Fred C. Deitz, James Dixon, Joshua
Downard, A. H. Evans, S. F. Edgar, Abraham
Emery, W. H. Foye, G. A. Gardiner, Frederick
Geiger, Andrew Guille, J. T. Gorsuch, Moses
M. Granger, Daniel B. Gary, John A. Green,
E. B. Haver, W. S. Harlan, S. V. Ihirri;.,
Howard Israel, Samuel 11. Johns, George
James, Henry L. Korte, Henry C. Lillibridge,
W. O. Munson, A. F. Munson, John Martin,
J. W. Martin, T. J. Newman, O. C. Ong, J. W.
Pinkerton, D. B. Parker, C. W. Potwin,
Thomas McLees, Alexander McConnell, N. S.
McBee, R. F. Smart, Joseph Shaw, H. M.
Sedgwick, Enos F. Taylor, L. R. Wilson, C.
C. Wiles, A. H. Watts, Samuel L. Wiles, F.
M. Willey, David Zimmer.

The organization was named Hazlett Post No.
81, in honor of Captain John C. Hazlett, of the
Second Ohio Volunteers, and his brother, Harry
Hazlett, of the Fifth United States Artillery, who
were killed in battle during the late Rebellion.

CHAPTER XXXI.

THE MUSKINGUM MISSION.

The student of American history cannot fail to
i-ecall the fact that parallel with the spirit of ad-
ventui^e and conquest from the earliest known
record, has been the missionary endeavor to ele-
vate and refine the people, however barbarous,
or civilized. And it is manifest that the endur-
ing civilizations have made the cause of religion
their bulwark of strength, until some form of re-
ligion permeated the masses of society. It was
this religious zeal that gave birth to the Muskin-
gum Mission, a few extracts concerning which
are selected from Taylor's History of Ohio ;

" Towards the close of 1774, a warm debate
sprung up among the Delawares ; although be-
lieving the Indians had been hospitably received,
yet there had been no act of adoption or guaran-
ty, by the tribe. Glikhikan, whose former rank
as a warrior and orator was not forgotten, often
attended the Indian council at Gehelemukpe-
chink, by the invitation of its leading members.
Here he often enforced the doctrines and duties
of the Gospel, but was not unmindful of the ma-
terial interests of his brethren. At first he en-
countered the opposition of old Netawatvves,
whose jealousy of the whites had now overcome
his prepossessions in favor of the missionaries ;
but, on the other hand, was powerfully supported
by the eloquence of Captain White-E-\es, who
demanded (in the words of Loskiel) that the
Christian Indians should enjoy perfect liberty of
conscience, and their teachers safet\" and protec-
tion ; adding, that it was but right that the be-
lievers should live separate from the rest, and be
protected bv the chiefs and council against every
intruder. But finding that his remonstrance
would not avail, he separated himself entirely
from the chiefs and council. This occasioned
great and general surprise, and his presence be-
ing considered, by both tiie chiefs and people, as
indispensable, a negotiation commenced, and
some Indian brethren were appointed arbitrators
(Glikhikan among them, doubtless). The event
was beyond expectation, successful, for Chief
Netawatwes not only acknowledged the injustice
done to Captain While-Eyes, but changed his
mind with respect to the believing Indians, and
their teachers, and remained their constant friend
to his death. He likewise published this change
of his sentiment to the whole council, in presence
of the deputies from Shoenbrun and Gnadenhut-
ten. Captain White-Eyes then repeated the pro-
posal which they had formerly rejected ; and the
council agreeing to it, an act was made in the
name of the Delaware nation, to the following-
effect ; "From this time forward, we solemnly
declare that we will receive the word of God,
and that the believing Indians, and their teach-
ers, shall enjoy perfect libertj^ throughout the In-
dian countrj', with the same rights and pi-ivileges
enjoyed by other Indians. The country shall be
free to all, and the believers shall have their right
to share it as well as the unbelievers. Whoever
wishes to go to the bi^ethren, and receive the gos-

J.J.HERMANN j

iDEALER IN FINE WHISKIES. tl

S.S.MtXitttnml^

Wholesale Liquor Store of J. J. HERMANN, Zanesville, Ohio.

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

321

pel, shall be at liberty to join them, and none
shall hinder him.

"Netawatwes expressed great joy at this act
and declaration, and concluded his speech in
these words : 'I am an old man, and know not
how long I may live in this world. I therefore
rejoice that I have been able to make this act, of
which our children and grandchildren will reap
the benefit ; and now I am ready to go out of the
world whenever God pleases." He sent, more-
over, the following message to Chief Pakanke, in
Kaskaskunk, (on the Beaver River, in Pennsyl-
vania, to whom Glikhikan had been a favorite
counselor). You and I are both old, and know
not how long we shall live ; therefore let us do
good before we depart, and leave a testimony to
our children and posterity, that we have received
the word of God. Let this be our last will and
testament.' Pakanke accepted the proposal and
he and the other chiefs made it known by
solemn embassies, in all places where it was nec-
essary. For a still greater security, a treaty was
set on foot with the Delamattenoos, (Wyandots)
who had given this part of the country to the
Delawares about thirty yeai's before, by "which a
grant was procured insuring the believing In-
dians an equal right with the other Delawares to
possess land in it ; and that this transaction might
be duly ratified in the Indian manner, and the
act remain unrepealed, the Christian Indians
sent a formal embassy to the chiefs and council
of the Delaware nation, to return their humble
thanks for it. The deputies repeated the whole
declaration of the council concerning the believ-
ing Indians and'their teachers, and Netawatwes
confirmed it to be their own act and deed, in the
presence of all the people ; adding, that they had
called the Indian congregation in their mission-
aries, and that all the words now repeated by the
deputies had been spoken and ratified by this
council. Then the deputies pi'oceeded to retui'n
thanks in the name of both congregations, deliv-
ering several belts of wampum, which were for-
warded to the neighboring nations. They were
made without ornaments, and immediately
known by their plainness, to be the belts of the
Christian Indians. Thus this important business
was concluded."

"This year" (1774), ^^Y^ Heckewelder, "had
been remarkable to the Christian Indians. First,
the chiefs of the nation, both on the Muskingum
and Cushcushkee, had unitedly agreed and de-
clared that the brethren should have full liberty
to preach the Gospel to the nation wherever they
chose, and this resolution they also made public-
ly known ; and secondljs seeing that their friends
and relations pursued agriculture, and kept much
cattle, they enlarged the tract of land first set
apart to them by moving their people oflT to a
greater distance."

And Loskiel says: " Gehelemukpechink was
forsaken by its inhabitants, and anew town built
on the east side of the Muskingum, opposite the
influx of the Walhonding. This town was called
Goshhocking, and chief Netawatwes chose it for
his future residence."

Under these auspicious circumstances, the year
1775 commenced, and proved a season of external
repose and internal prosperity to the mission.
"The rest enjoyed by the Indian congregation in
the year 1775, was peculiarly pleasing," says
Loskiel, "and much favored the visits of strang-
ers, who came in such numbers that the chapel
at Shoenbrun, which might contain about five
hundred pei'sons, was too small." At the close
of the year, their number was four hundred and
■fourteen persons. All were in the enjoyment of
the comforts, almost the luxuries, ol civilization.
The lives and deaths of the-Indian converts were
very exemplary, while the children were zeal-
ously taught in schools, into which the mission-
ary, Zeisberger, had introduced a spelling book,
published in the Delaware language.

In April, 1776, Zeisberger and Heckewelder
founded another settlement, within two miles of
Goshhocking, and called it Lichtenau. This spot
had been selected by the chiefs themselves, ac-
cording to Heckewelder, "that they, as well as
their children, might have an opportunity of hav-
ing theGospel preached — a wish which the old
and principal chief, Netawatwes, had repeatedly
informed them of, both by public and private mes-
sengers."

The external relations of the mission, (to adopt
a favorite expression of the Moravian historians),
have been incidentally included in our narrative
of the efforts of the Delaware peace chiefs, to pre-
serve the neutrality of their nation. As Netawat-
wes and the other chiefs, at the forks of the Mus-
kingum, were the protectors of the missionaries,
and concurred in the pacific dispositions of the
Christian Indians, their interests and sympathies,
in that respect, were identical, and the American
people unquestionably owe to the locality and la-
bors of the Moravian teachei^s, at this critical pe-
riod, that a general combination of the Western
Indians was postponed until 1780 — a date when
the French alliance and the increase of popula-
tion on the southern bank of the Ohio conspired
to arrest most disastrous consequences.

In the summer of 1781 , there was an illustration
of the different sentiments with which the Mora-
vians were regarded by the American officers,
and the militia under their command. Colonel
Daniel Brodhead, then stationed at Pittsburgh,
led an expedition against Goshhocking, the Del-
aware town, on the east bank of the Muskingum,
and, on his march thither, halted about four miles
below Salem. Herjs he addressed a note to
Heckewelder, requesting a supply of provisions,
and that the missionary would visit his camp.
Heckewelder hastened to comply, and personally
received, from the American officers, assurances
that their troops should not molest the Moravian
Indians, who had conducted themselves, he pro-
ceeded to say, in a manner that did them honor,
and .that neither the English or Americans could,
with justice, reproach them with improper con-
duct in their situation. While Colonel Brodhead
was speaking, however, an officer hastily entered
to inform him that a body of militia were about
"breaking off for the purpose of destroying the

322

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Moravian settlements up the river," and it was
with great difficuUy that the commanding officer,
. aided by Colonel David Shepherd, of Wheeling,
could restrain the men from adding such an out-
rage to the other acts of inhumanity which attend-
ed the Coshocton campaign.

Immediately after this Coshocton campaign, a
deeply interesting interview occuiTed between a
distinguished Delaware chief and the inhabitants
of the Moravian vill^iges. Heckewelder calls him
"the head war chief of the Delaware nation," and
.we are satisfied that he is the same individual of
whom we fii'st hear, in the French and English war
as "Shingess ;" next, in 1762, as Bog Meadow
or Kingas ; now, in 1781, as Pachgantschihilas ;
again, in 1785, at an Indian council, near the
mouth of the Great Miami, as Pacanchihilas ; and
long afterwards, as the Bockingehelas, whom
many of the early settlers of Ohio recollect to
have been living in 1804, at a great age. This
chief, on the present occasion, was accompanied
by eighty warriors, who silently surrounded Gna-
denhutten before day break. As they approached,
the town was hailed, and their leader demanded
the delivery of Gillelemend, or Killbuck, and the
other peace chiefs of the Delawai'es. He was in-
formed that they had gone to Pittsburgh some
time before, and, after strict search, the Indians
were satisfied that they were not in town. The
nation now being at war, these peace chiefs had
become subordinate to the war chiefs, and Pach-
gantschihilas was determined to remove them
where they could exercise no function until their
services were required to conclude peace.

The Delaware chief then demanded that dep-
uties from the three Moravian towns should be
assembled, and he' proceeded to address them
(according to Heckewelder) as follows:

" Friends and kinsnjgn, listen to what I have
to say to you. You see a great and powerful
nation divided. You see. the father fighting
against the son, and the son against the father.
The father has called on his Indian children to
assist him in punishing his children, the Ameri-
cans, who have become refractory. I took time
to consider what I should do, whether or not I
should receive the hatchet of my father to assist
him. At first I looked upon it as a family quar-
rel, in which I was not interested. However, at
length it appeared to me that the father was in
the right, and his children deserved to be pun-
ished a little. That this must be the case, I con-
cluded from the many cru,el_ acts his offspring
had committed from time to time on his Indian
children, in encroaching on their, lands, stealing
their property, shooting at and murdering, with-
out a cause, men, women and children. Yes,
even murdering those who at all times, had been
friendly to them, and were placed for protection
under the roof of their father's house ; the father
Jiimself, standing sentry at the door, at the time.
(The allusion here, is to the slaughter of the
Conestoga Indians, of Pennsylvania, by a mob
of whites, although they had taken refuge in
Lancaster Jail.)

"Friends and relatives, often has the father

been obliged to settle and make amends for the
wrongs and mischiefs done to us by his refrac-
tory children, yet these do not grow any better.
No ! They remain the same, and will continue
to be so, so long as we have any left of liS.
Look back at the murders committed by the
Longknives (Virginians) on many of our re-
lations, who lived peaceable neighbors to them
on the Ohio. Did they not kill them' without
the least provocation? Are they, do you think,
any better than they were then? No, indeed not,
and many days are not elapsed since you had
a number of these very men near your doors
who panted to kill you, but fortunately were pre-
vented from so doing by the Great Sun, (Colonel
Brodhead,) who, at that time, had, by the Great
Spirit, been ordained to protect you.

"Friends and relatives, you love that which
is good, and wish to live in peace_with all ma-n-
kind, and at a place where you may not be dis-
turbed, whilst praying. You are very right in
this, and I do not reproach you in having made
the choice. But, my friends and relatives, does
the place you are at present settled at answer
this purpose ? Do you not live in the very road
the contending parties pass over when they go
to fight each other? Have you not discovered
the foot-steps of the Longknives almost in sight
of your towns, and seen the smoke arising from
their camps? Should not this be sufficient warn-
ing to you, and lead you to consult your own
safety? We have long since turned our faces
towards your habitations, in the expectation of
seeing you come from where you now are, to us,
where you would be out of danger, but vou
were so engaged in prajang, that you did not
discover our anxiety for your sakes.

" Friends and relatives, now listen to me and
hear what I have to sa}' to you. I am myself
come to bid you rise and go with me to a secure
place. Do not, my friends, covet the land you
now hold under cultivation. I will conduct you
to a country equalh'good, where your fields shall
yield you abundant crops, and where your cattle
shall find abundant pasture ; where there is
plenty of game, where your women and chil-
dren, together with yourselves, will live in peace
and safetj\ where no Longknife shall ever mo-
lest you. Nay, I will live between you and them,
and not even sufl^er them to frighten you. There,,
you can worship your God without fear. Here,
where you are, 3'ou cannot do tiiis. Think on
what I have said to you, and believe that if you
sta}' where you now are, one day or the other,
the Longknives will, in their usual way, speak
fine words to you, and at the same time murder
you."

In the course of an hour the Christian Indians
replied to the foregoing address, with thanks for
the kind expressions of their friends and rela-
tives, but stating that they were unwilling to be-
lieve, that their American brethren, against
whom they had never committed a hostile act,
should inflict such injuries upon them. They
hinted that their only danger grew out of the
fact that war parties, like the. present, by going

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

323

or returning through their villages, might draw
an enemy upon them; otherwise, they had no
fears. As to the invitation to leave their settle-
ments, they objected that they were much too
heavy (in possession of too much property, pro-
visions, etc.,) to think of rising and going with
their friends and relatives.

Pachgantschihilas, after another consultation
with his captains, repeated his former warning,
but disclaimed any purpose of compelling the
Moravians to leave their settlements. He re-
quested, in conclusion, that anyone who chose
to avoid the dangers which he anticipated, might
be free to accept his protection, to which the
missionaries assured him there would be no ob-
jection. The next day the chief and his war-
riors proceeded to Salem, where a feast had been
prepared for them, under the direction of Glik-
hikan, who came forth to greet and welcome his
guests. The warriors approached gravely and
decorously, without yell or shout. When they
arrived in the centre of the village, opposite the
chapel and residence of Heckewelder, Pachgant-
schihilas ordered a halt, and publicly pro-
nounced a warm eulogy upon the believing In-
dians. He then dismissed them to their enter-
tainment, which had been provided in a grove of
sugar maple, while the chief himself, accom-
panied by two Shawanjese and two Delaware
war captains, repaired to the house of Hecke-
welder, in whom they recognized the youthful
pall-bearer at the funeral of his favorite wife,
nineteen years before, at Tuscaroras. Here,
where also were assembled the national assis-
tants of the mission, he repeated his friendly
assurances, and soon after departed with his
warriors, having first proclaimed from the
centre of the street, in a tone audible to all the
inhabitants, that "if at any time they should
hear it said that Pachgantschihilas was an enemy
to the believing Indians, they' should consider
such words as lies."

It was from the English quarter, that their first
serious interruption to the peaceful pursuits of
the Moravian community proceeded. The tory
leaders of the Ohio savages, McKee, Elliott, and
Simon Girty, were extremely hostile, and were
charged with having instigated several attempts
to assassinate or seize the missionaries. Baffled
in these by the vigilance and devotion of the
Christian Indians, they represented to the British
Commandant at Detroit, Colonel Depeyster,
that the missionaries were partizans and spies of
Congress, and that their influence was extremely
prejudicial to the British interest. That officer
was induced to insist upon their removal from
the vicinity of Pittsburgh, and early in 1781, his
wishes were communicated to the great council
of the Six Nations, assembled at Niagara, by
whom a message was sent to the Ottawas and
Chippewas to the foflowing effect : ' ' We here-
with make you a present of the Christian Indians
on the Muskingum, to make both of;" an ex-
pression well understood to mean : ' ' We desire
you to put those people to death." But those
two nations being a branch of the Delaware

stock, and ranking as their grandchildren, re-
plied: "We have no cause for doing this."
The Wyandots, at first, were even more disin-
clined to assume the ungrateful task, because the
Detroit division of the tribe held the relation of
guardian or protector of the Christian Indians
among themselves, who were the converts of
Catholic missionaries, and they knew no sec-
tarian distinction between Catholic Wyandot and
the Protestant Delaware, or Mohican, while
Pamoacan, or the Half King, at Upper Sandus-
ky, had hitherto avowed and conducted himself
as a friend and champion of the Muskingum
mission. But Captain Pipe and his followers
were now neighbors of Half King, at Upper
Sandusky, a^id the latter was persuaded to lead
a body of two hundred warriors against the
Moravian towns. Heckewelder, after the arri-
val of some reinforcements, states the whole force
at three hundred men, and classifies them as Wy-
andots from Upper Sandusky, commanded by
Half King ; another band of Wyandots, from
Detroit and Lower Sandusky, commanded by
Kuhn, a head war chief of the latter place ; a
party of Delawares from Upper Sandusky, led
by the war chiefs Pipe and Wingemund ; about
forty Muncies, also from Upper Sandusky,
(probably under the apostate Newalike) ; two
Shawanese Captains, named by the traders John
and Thomas Snake, with a few warriors from
the Scioto ; several straggling Indians of the
Mohegan and Ottawa tribes, and Elliott, whose
rank in the British service was Captain, with
his attendant, Michael Hei-bert, and Alexander
McCormick, the bearer of a British flag ; and a
small train of unarmed Wyandots, men and
women, with horses, who had come to assist in
removing the booty.

When this formidable band approached Salem,
the Half King sent a message to the Christian
Indians, desiring them to fear nothing ; adding,
that he came himself to see that no injury should
be done to them ; but, having good words to
speak, he wished to know which of their settle-
ments would be most convenient for a meeting.
Now; as Gnadenhutten was in every respect the
most proper place, it was according^ fixed upon.
The warriors, therefore, pitched their camp, on
the nth of August, on the west side of Gnaden-
hutten, and were treated in the most liberal
manner.

On the 20th of August, Half King appointed
a meeting of the believing Indians and their
teachers, and delivered the following speech :

"Cousins ! ye believing Indians in Gnaden-
hutten, Shoenbrun, and Salem: I am much
concerned on your account, perceiving that you
live in a dangerous spot. Two powerful, angrj"^
and merciless gods, stand ready, opening, their
jaws wide against each other. Yoti are sitting
down between both, and are thus in danger of
being ground to powder by the teeth of one or
the other, or both. _It is, therefore, not advisable
for you to stay hei"e any longer. Consider your
young people, your wives, and your children,
and preserve their lives, for here they must all

324

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

perish. I, therefore, take you bj' the hand, lift
you up, and place vou in, or near, my dwelling,
where you will be safe, and dwell in peace. Do
not stand looking at your plantations and houses,
but arise and follow me. Take, also, your teach-
ers with you, and worship God in the place to
which I shall lead j'ou, as you have been accus-
tomed to do. You shall likewise find provisons,
and our father beyond the lake (meaning the
Governor, at Detroit) will care for you. This is
my message, and I am come purposeh' to deliv-
er it."

He then delivered a string of wampum, and
the missionaries and Indian assistants of the
three settlements met in conference, to consider
the unexpected address, and, on tbe 21st, the
latter delivered the following answer to Flalf
King :

"Uncle, and ye captains ofthe Delawares and
Muncies, our friends and countrymen, ye Shaw-
anese, our nephews, and all ye other people here
assembled : We have heard your words ; but
have not seen the danger so great that we may
not stay here. We keep peace with all men,
and have nothing to do with war, nor do we wish
or desire anything, but to be pei-mitted to enjoy
rest and peace. You see, yourselves, that we
cannot rise immediately and go with you, for we
are heavy, and time is requifred to prepare for it.
But we will keep and consider your words,
and let you, Uncle, know our answer next win-
ter, after the harvest ; upon this you may rely."

Half King, certainly, and perhaps Captain
Pipe, were not disposed to press the matter fur-
ther, and, in the Indian camp, the current was
so Strongly in favor of the Christian Indians, that
some were disposed to make a shooting-target of
the British flag, as a retaliation upon the agency
of Captain Elliott. That officer, whose zeal for
the English cause was stimulated by the pros-
pect of pecuniary advantage in the sacrifice of the
stock and other valuable property of the mis-
sion, labored zealously to remove the reluctance
of Half King and Pipe. He represented to them
that the English Governor at Detroit would be
greatly dissatisfied if they returned without the
missionaries. It unfortunately happened that
two Moravian Indians, whom the missionaries
had dispatched to Pittsburg, with information of
the existing state of things, were intercepted b}'
the savages, and this circumstance was exagger-
ated by Captain Elliott, into proof not only that
the missionaries were leagued with their ene-
mies, but that they were instigating a hostile ex-
pedition against the party of Half King and
Pipe. This turn of affairs greatly exasperated
those chiefs. At a second council, held on the
25th, Half King had seemed to waver ; at least,
he listened to the remonstrances of Glikhikan
and his associates in silence ; but, in his altered
humor, he no longer hesitated. A third council
was convened, on the zd of September, before
which Zeisberger, Seuseman.and Hecke welder,
with their assistants, were summoned, and Half
King insisted upon their giving an immediate
answer, whether they would go with him or

not, without retiring to consult upon it. The
missionaries appealed to their former answer,
the meeting broke up without debate and in
some confusion, and, soon afterwards, Zeisber-
ger, Seuseman, and Heckewelder, were vio-
lently seized and imprisoned. They were vol-
untarily joined by their associate, William Ed-
wards, who was determined to accept no exemp-
tion from their fate. During that night and the
subsequent day, their residences were pillaged.
The other missionaries. Young and Youngman,
were also imprisoned, although the latter was re-
leased the next day. The wives and children of
the five missionaries were brought to Gnaden-
hutten, as captives, but were soon released, as
were the missionaries themselves, after five days'
close confinement and distressing anxiety.

The life of Isaac Glikhikan was endangered
by the heroic act of a young Indian relative, who
rode Captain Pipe's best horse to Pittsburgh,
with the news of the violence. As soon as her
departure was discovered, she was instantly pur-
sued, but, as she could not be overtaken, the
savages were enraged in the highest degree,
and a party of warriors immediately started for
Salem, and brought Isaac Glikhikan, bound, to
Gnadenhutten, singing a death song. Loskiel
relates that while they were binding him , perceiv-
ing that they seemed so much terrified, he encour-
aged them, saying, "Formerly, when I was ig-
norant of God, I should not have svifFered any
one of you to touch me ; but now, having been
converted unto Him, through mercy, I am will-
ing to suffer all things, for His sake." He no
sooner arrived in the camp than a general uproar
ensued, the savages demanding that he should
be cut in pieces. The Delawares, who hated
him more particularly for his conversion, thirsted
for his blood, but Half King, interfering, would
not suffer him to be killed. However, they ex-
amined him very severely, and, though his inno-
cence was clearh' proved, they attacked him
with opprobrious language. After some hours'
confinement, he was set at liberty. Although
the young woman reached Pittsburgh, the com-
mandant there deemed it too late, or otherwise
unadvisable, to attempt a forcible rescue. It was
a prudent decision, and, probably, prevented a
massacre of the missionaries and their families.

On the loth, the Indians resumed their out-
rages to such a degree, that emigration seemed
the desirable alternative. It was accordingly
proposed to the congregations, who sorrowfully
assembled. "But they never," says Loskiel,
"forsook any country with more reluctance.
They wiere now obliged to forsake the beautiful
settlement, Gnadenhutten, Salem and Shoen-
brun, and the greatest of their possessions in
them . They had already lost above two hundred
head of horned cattle, -and four hundred hogs.
Besides this, they left a great quantity of Indian
corn in store, above three hundred acres of corn
land, where the harvest was just ripening, besides
potatoes, cabbage, and other roots and gai'den
fruits in the ground. But what gave thern the
most pain was the total loss of all books and

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

325

writings, for the instruction of their youth ; these
were all burned by the savages."

On the third day after their departure, the)'
arrived at Goshocking, where a short halt was
made to hunt a tamed buffalo cow, which was
shot as it came to the river to drink. Here
Elliott left for the Scioto to meet McKee, greatly
to the relief of the Moravian teachers. They
then ascended the Walhonding, partly by water,
and partly along the banks of that stream. On
the 19th, two of their best canoes, heavily laden
with provisions, sunk in a violent storm of wind
and rain, and the women and children suffered
severely from exposui-e. Half King halted, to
give the encampment anopportunity to dry their
clothes and baggage, and hence dispatched a
war party to the Ohio. "While they were
marching so proudly through our camp," adds
Heckewelder, "they were not aware of what
would befall them. They were defeated with
the loss of some of the party, among whom
were the Half King's two sons."

The month of October had not passed, before
a message was received from the British corn-
mandant at Detroit, requiring the missionaries
to appear before him. On the 25th, Zeisberger,
Heckewelder, Seuseman and Edwards, with
four Indian assistants, started on the journey,
and reached Detroit at the expiration of nine
days.

In the first interview with the Governor,
(Arend Schuyler Depeyster,) he informed them
that the reason of calling them from their settle-
ments on the Muskingum, was because he had
heard that they carried on a correspondence with
the Americans to the prejudice of the English
interest. The missionaries justified themselves
from such an imputation, and a further investiga-
tion was postponed until the arrival of Captain
Pipe. Fortunately, that Chief was not accom-
panied by Elliott or Girty, and when he was
confronted with the missionaries on the 9th of
November, he bore a frank and honorable testi-
mony to their impartialit}' arid worth, and in
answer to a direct appeal by the Governor, ad-
vised that they should be allowed to return to
their congregation. "I never witnessed," Hecke-
welder, piously observes, "a more manifest in-
stance of the powerful workings of conscience
than during the whole of this transaction. Of
•course, all who were present, immediately ac-
quitted us of all the charges brought against us ;
«xpressing their sincere regret that we had inno-
cently suffered so much."

The missionaries were thencefarth treated with
much kindness by the commandant, his officers,
and the inhabitants of Detroit, and soon returned
to Upper Sandusky. Here, as the winter ad-
vanced, the unfortunate Indians were often on
the verge of starvation. While Half King and
Pipe, instigated by Girty and Elliott, resumed
their persecutions, and demanded that the Gov-
ernor of Detroit should remove the teachers
from Sandusky. Their threats were too signifi-
cant to be disregarded, and an order was re-
ceived on the ist of March, 1782, directing Girty

and Half King to remove the missionaries and
their families to Detroit ; but as they had just ar-
ranged on an expedition to the Ohio, one Francis
Lavallie, a Canadian Frenchman, living at
Lower Sandusky, was appointed to accompany
them. This was a fortunate exchange, for their
conductor proved himself courteous and humane,
even surrendering his own horse to the mis-
sionary Zeisberger, who was sixty years old,
and insisting that respect for his age and station
alike, prompted the act. Lavallie, instead of
urging the party, among whom were the wives
and children of the missionaries, through the
dreary wilderness beyond Lower Sandusky,
tarried at the latter place and sent a messenger
to Detroit for further instructions, while, until
his return, two English traders, Messrs. Arundel
and Robins, hospitably received the fugitives
into their houses. In due course, two vessels
arrived from Detroit, under directions from the
Governor, to transport the missionaries and their
families by Sandusky Bay and Lake Erie.
They embarked on the 14th of April, greatly to
the chagrin of Girty, who had complained in the
most brutal manner of their indulgent treatment,
and made the voyage safely to Detroit, where
they were generously received, and allowed
their choice, either to remain under the protec-
tion of Colonel -Depeyster, or be returned to
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, (from whence they,
as missionaries, originally came). . They chose
to remain in the vicinitv of their beloved Indian
congregation, although restrained from livmg
among them.

Simultaneously with the removal of Zeisberger
and his fellow teachers to Detroit, a tragedy was
enacted on the Muskingum, which fills the
darkest page of the border history of the Ameri-
can Revolution. We refer to the cruel and
cowardly massacre of a party of Moravian In-
dians, who had repaired to their deserted corn-
fields to glean the scattered ears for the relief of
their suffering brethren on the Sandusky plains.
Unhappily, while this peaceable party were thus
engaged on the Muskingum, a band of Indians
from Sandusky had made a descent upon the
Pennsylvania frontier, and murdered the family of
William Wallace, consisting of his wife and five
or six children. A man named John Carpenter
was taken prisoner at the same time. Enraged
at these outrages, a band of one hundred and
sixty men, from the settlements of Monongahela,
turned out in quest of the marauders, under
the command of Colonel David Williamson.
Each man provided himselfwith arms, am-
munition and provisions, and the greater
number were mounted. They struck im-
mediately for the settlements of Salem and
Gnadenhutten, arriving within a mile of the
latter place at the close of the second day's
march. Colonel Gibson, commanding at Pitts-
burgh, having heard of Williamson's expedition,
dispatched messengers to apprise the Indians of
the circumstance, but they arrived too late.

The Christian Indians were aware of the ap-
proach of Williamson's band, but having recently

326

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

been accustomed to regard the savage allies of
the English as the source of their injuries, made
no effort to escape, although their labors were
accomplished, and they were about to retrace
their steps to Sandusky. The bloodj' sequel we
prefer to give in the words of Loskiel :

"Meanwhile, the murderers marched first to
Gnadenhutten, where they arrived on the 6th
day of March. About a mile from the settle-
ment they met young Shebosch in the wood, fired
at him, and wounded him so much that he could
not escape. He then, according to the account
of the murderers themselves, begged for his life,
representing that he was Shebosch, the son of a
white Christian man. But they paid no atten-
tion to his entreaties, and cut him in pieces with
their hatchets. They then approached the In-
dians, most of whom were in their plantations,
and surrounded them almost imperceptibly, but,
feigning a friendly behavior, told them to go
home, promising to do them no injury. They
even pretended to pity them on account of the
mischief done to them by the English and the
savages, assuring them of the protection and
friendship of the Americans. The poor believ-
ing Indians, knowing nothing of the death of
Shebosch, believed every word they said, went
home with them and treated them in the most
hospitable manner. They likewise spoke freely
concerning their sentiments as Christian Indians,
who had never taken the least share in the war.
A small barrel of wine being found among their
goods, they told their persecutors, on inquiry,
that it was intended for the Lord's Supper, and
that they were going to carry it to Sandusk}^
Upon this, they were informed that they should
not return thither, but go to Pittsburgh, where
they would be out of the way of any assault
made by the English or savages. This they
heard with resignation, concluding that God
would perhaps choose this method to put an end
to their sufferings. Prepossessed with this idea,
they cheerfully delivered their guns, hatchets
and other weapons to the murderers, who
promised to take good care of them, and in
Pittsburgh to return every article to its rightful
owner. The Indians even showed them those
things which they had secreted in the woods, as-
sisted in packing them up, and emptied all their
bee-hives for ther pretended friends.

"In the meantime, the assistant, John Martin,
went to Salem, and brought the news of the ar-
rival of the white people to the believing Indians,
assuring them that they need not be afraid to go
with them, for they were come to carry them to
a place of safety, and to afford them protection
and suppoft. The Salem Indians did not hesi-
tate to accept this proposal, believing, unani-
mously, that God had sent the Americans to re-
lease tiiem from their disagreeable situation at
Sandusky, and imagining that when they had
arrived at Pittsburgh- they might soon find a safe
place to build a settlement, and easily procure
advice and assistance from Bethlehem. Thus,
John Martin, with two Salem brethren, returned
to Gnadenhutten, to acquaint both their Indian

brethren and the white people with their resolu-
tion. The latter expressed their desire to see
Salem, and a party of them was conducted
thither, and received with much friendship.
Here they pretended to have the same good will
and affection towards the Indians as at Gnaden-
hutten, and easily persuaded them to return with
them. By the way, they entered into much
spiritual conversation with the Indians, some of
whom spoke English well, giving these people,
who feigned great pity, proper scriptural
answers to many questions concerning relig-
ious subjects. The assistants, Isaac Glikhi-
kan and Israel, were no less sincere and
unreserved in their answers to some polit-
ical questions started by the white people,
and thus the murderers obtained a full and satis-
factory account of the present situation and senti-
ments of the Indian congregation. In the mean-
time, the defenceless Indians at Gnadenhutten,
were suddenly attacked and driven together by
the white people, and, without resistance, seized
and bound. The Salem Indians now met the
same fate. Before they entered Gnadenhutten,
they wfere at once surprised by their conductors,
robbed of their guns, and even their pocket
knives, and brought bound into the settlement."
The officers, unwilling to take on themselves
the whole responsibility of a massacre, agreed to
refer the question to a vote of the detachment.
The men were drawn up in a line, and William-
son put the question, "Whether the Moravian
Indians should be taken prisoners to Pittsburgh,
or put to death?" requesting all in favor of sav-
ing their lives to advance in front of the line.
On this, sixteen, (some say eighteen,) stepped
out of the rank, and formed themselves into a
second line. In this manner was their fate de-
cided. "Those who were of a different opinion , "
continues Loskiel, "wrung their hands, calling
God to witness that they were innocent of the
blood of these harmless Christian Indians. But
the majority remained unmoved, and only differed
concerning the mode of execution. Some were
for burning them alive, others for taking their
scalps, and the latter was at last agreed upon ;
upon which one of the murderers was sent to the
prisoners to tell them that as they were Christian
Indians, they might prepare themselves in a
Christian manner, for they must all die to-mor-
row.

"It may easily be conceived how great their
terror was at hearing a sentence so unexpected.
However, they soon recollected themselves, and
patiently suffered the murderers to lead them
into two houses, in one of which the brethren,
and in the other the sisters and children, .were
confined like sheep ready for the slaughter.
They declared to the murderers, that, though they
called God to witness that they were perfectly in-
nocent, yet they were prepared and willing to
suffer death. But as they had, at their conver-
sion and baptism, made a solemn promise to the
Lord Jesus Christ, that they would live unto him
and endeavor to please Him alone in this world,
they knew that they had been deficient in many

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

r-1

respects, and therefore wished to have some time
granted to pour out their hearts before him in
prayer, and in exhorting each other to remain
faithful unto the end. One brother, called Abra-
ham, who, for some time past, had been in a
luke-warm state of heart, seeing his end ap-
proaching, made the following public confession
before his brethren :

"Dear Brethren^It seems as if we should
all soon depart unto our Savior, for our sentence
is fixed. You know that I have been an unto-
ward child, and have grieved the Lord and my
brethren by my disobedience, not walking as I
ought to have done. But yet I will now cleave
to my Savior with my last breath, and hold him
fast, though I am so great a sinner. I know as-
suredly that He will forgive me all my sins and
not cast me out."

"The brethren assured him of their love and
forgiveness, and both they and the sisters spent
the latter part of the night in singing praises to
God, their Savior, in the joyful hope that they
would soon be able to praise him without sin.

"When the day of execution arrived, namely,
the 8th day of March, 1782, two houses were
fixed upon, one for the brethren, and one for the
sisters and children, to which the wanton mur-
derers gave the name of slaughter houses. Some
of them went to the brethren and showed great
impatience that the execution had not yet begun,
to which the brethren replied that they were all
ready to die, having commended their immortal
souls to God, who had given them that Divine
assurance, in their heai-ts, that they should come
"unto Him and be with Him forever more.

"Immediately after this declaration, the carn-
age commenced. The poor innocent people —
men, women and children — were led, bound two
and two together with ropes, into the above men-
tioned slaughter houses, and there scalped and
murdered." Heckewelder says: "One of the
party, now taking up a cooper's mallet, which lay
in the house, (the owner being a cooper), saying :
'How exactly this will answer for the business ;'
he began with Abraham, and continued knock-
ing down, one after another, until he had counted
fourteen that he had killed with his own hands.
He now handed the instrument to one of his fel-
low murderers, saying : 'My arm now fails me ;
go on in the sam'e way ! I think I have done
pretty well.' In another house, where the women
and children were confined, Judith, a remarkably
pious aged widow, was the first victim.

"According to the testimony of the murderers
themselves, they behaved with uncommon pa-
tience, and went to meet death with cheerful res-
ignation. A sister, called Christina, who form-
erly lived with the sisters in Bethlehem, and who
spoke EngHsh and German well, fell upon her
knees before the captain of the gang and begged
for her life, but was told that he could not help her.

"Thus, ninety-six persons magnified the name
of the Lord by patiently meeting a cruel death.
Sixty-two were grown persons, and among them
were five of the most valuable assistants. There
were thirty-four children.

"Only two youths, each between sixteen and
seventeen years old, escaped — almost miraculous-
ly— from the hands of the murderers. One of
them, seeing they were in earnest, was so fortu-
nate as to disengage himself from the bonds, then,
slipping unobserved from the crowd, he crept
through a narrow window into the cellar of the
house in which the sisters were executed. Their
blood penetrated, through the flooring, and, ac-
cording to his account, ran in streams into the
cellar, by which it appears probable that most, if
not all of them, were not merely scalped, but
killed with hatchets and swords. The lad lay
concealed until night — no one coming to search
the cellar — when, with much difficulty, he "climb-
ed up the wall to the window, and escaped into
a neighboring thicket. The other youth was
named Thomas. They struck him only a blow
upon the head, took his scalp, and left him. Af-
ter some time he recovered his senses, saw him-
self surrounded by bleeding bodies, among them
one called Abel, endeavoring to raise himself up.
But he remained still as though dead, and his cau-
tion proved the means of his deliverance, for soon
after, one of the murderers, observing Abel's mo-
tions, killed him with two or three blows. Thomas
lay quiet until dark, though suffering the most
agonizin£r torment. He then ventured to creep
towards the door, and obsei^ving nobody in the
neighborhood, got out and escaped into the woods,
where he concealed himself. These two youths
met afterwards in the woods, and God preserved
them from harm on their journey to Sandusky.
They took a long circuit, and suffered great hard-
ships and danger on their way. Before they left
Gnadenhutten, they observed the murderers mak-
ing merry after theij: successful enterprise, and at
last set fire to the two slaughter houses filled with
corpses.

"Providentially, the believing Indians who
were at Shoenbrun escaped. The missionaries
had, immediately on receiving orders to repair to
Fort Detroit, sent a messenger to the Muskin-
gum, to call the Indians home, with a view to see
them once more, and to g^t horses for their jour-
ney. This messenger happened to arrive at Shoen-
brun the day before the murderers came to Gnad-
enhutten, and having delivered his message, the
Indians of Shoenbrun sent another messenger to
Gnadenhutten, to inform their brethren there, and
at Salem, of the messages received. But before
he reached Gnadenhutten, he found young She-
bosch lying dead and scalped by the wayside,
and looking foi-ward, saw many white people in
and about Gnadenhutten. He instantly fled back
with great pre'cipitation, and told the Indians at
Shoenbrun what he had seen, who all took flight
and ran into the woods. They now hesitated a
long while, not knowing whither to turn, or how
to proceed. Thus, when the murderers arrived
at Shoenbrun, the Indians were still near the
premises, observing everything that happened
there, and might easily have been discovered ;
but here the murderers seemed, as it were, struck
with bHndness. Finding nobody at home, they
destroyed and set fii^e to the settlement, ha\ing

328

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

done the same at Gnadenhutten and Salem.
They set off with the scalps of their innocent vic-
tims, about fifty horses, a number of blankets and
other things, and marched to Pittsburgh, with a
view to murder the Indians lately settled on the
north side of the Ohio, opposite the Fort. Some
of them fell a sacrifice to the rage of this blood-
thirsty ci-ew, and a few escaped. Among the lat-
ter was Anthony, a member oi the (Moravian)
congregation, who happened to be at Pittsburgh,
and both he and the Indians at Shoenbrun arrived,
after many dangers, safely E.t Sandusky."

The Rev. Joseph Doddridge, in his notes on the
settlement and Indian wars of Western Virginia
and Pennsylvania, published in Wheeling, in
1824, closes his narrative of this transaction by
saying that Colonel Williamson had only the rank
of a militia officer, which was to advise and not
to command ; that "he was a brave man, but not
cruel ; he would meet an enemy and fight like a
soldier, but would not murder a prisoner. Had
he possessed the authority of a superior officer in
a regular army, I do not believe a single Mora-
vian Indian would have lost his life ; but he pos-
sessed no such authority. His only fault was too
easy compliance with popular opinion and popu-
lar prejudice.

"Should it be asked, what sort of people com-
posed the band of murderers of those unfortunate
people? I answer, they were not miscreants or
vagabonds. Many of them were men of the first
standing in the country. Many of them were
men who had recently lost relatives by the hand

of the savages. Several of the latter class found
articles which had been plundered from their own
homes, or those of their relatives, in the houses
of the Moravians. One man, it is said, found the
clothes of his wife and children, who had been
murdered by the Indians but a few days before.
They were still bloody ; yet there was no unequiv-
ocal evidence that these people had any direct
agency in the war. Whatever of our property
was found with them had been left by the warri-
ors in exchange for provisions, which they took
from them. When attacked by our people, they
might have defended themselves ; they did not.
They never fired a single shot. They were pris-
oners, and had been promised protection. Every
dictate of justice and humanity required that their
lives should be spared. The complaint of their
villages being 'half-way houses for the warriors'
was at an end, as they had been removed to San-
dusky the fall before. It was, therefore, an atro-
cious and unqualified murder."

Soon after the massacre on the Muskingum,
the congregation at Sandusk}-, reduced in num-
bers and deprived of teachers, yielded to the so-
licitations of their Delaware and Shawanese
friends, and abandoned their settlements at San-
dusky. They were ordered to do so by Half
King, who persisted in holding them in some de-
gree responsible for the fate of his two sons ; but,
in their situation, it was, doubtless, a prudent res-
olution. Heckewelder mentions the Scioto and
Miami of the Lake as their destinations, and here,
while the heathen, aboriginal, and European,
raged around them, the simple-hearted proselytes
of a religion of peace found a refuge.

^'^^-iJCft.

'^-yUr.

Griffith & Wedge, Zanesville, Ohio, manufacturers of
their Patent Vertical Portable Engines, Stationary En-
gines, Boilers and Circular Saw-Mills. They guaran-
tee their Engines and Boilers to be unsurpassed for
power, durability, safety
and economy . C a t a-
logues, price lists, etc.,
sent to any address upon
application to Griffith &
Wedge, Zanesville, 0.

v..

f -r :^>

' III <

»!. *l

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.

CHAPTER XXXII.

FALLS TOWNSHIP.

THE PIONEERS SCHOOLS DILLON's FALLS

FIRST STORE MAIL ROUTE^BLACK LOG M. E.

CHURCH, — ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP — ITS
TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL AND GEOLOGY FIRST SUR-
VEYORS PHYSICIANS WEST ZANESVILLE VIL-
LAGE THE PIONEER PREACHER TEMPERANCE

WORK TAVERNS FLOURING MILLS FIRST

BURIAL GROUND FIRST TANNERY FIRST MAR-
RIAGE REPRESENTATIVES — ^ SALT WORKS

FIRST SABBATH SCHOOL— METHODIST PROTES-
TANT CHURCH^NATIONAL ROAD FRAZEYBURG

SCHOOL RICH VALE M. E. CHURCH OAKLAND

CHURCH ANCIENT POTTERY POST OFFICE IN

WEST ZANESVILLE GLEN MOORE NURSERY

ISRAELITISH BURIAL GROUND VILLAGE OF

WEST ZANESVILLE ANNEXED TO THE CITY OF

ZANESVILLE THE FIRST GRANGE PLEASANT

VALLEY GRANGE RICH VALLEY GRANGE

POTTERY LIME BURNING IRON ORE MAGNE-

SIAN LIMESTONE — THE FIRST RAILROAD

GEOLOGY.

The Pioneers. — The first settler was Edward
Tanner, who built his cabin not far from the
south bank of the Licking river, about seven
miles above its mouth. This was in 1790, four
years before the trading post was inaugurated at
Zanestown, and before any amicable relations
seemed to exist between the "pale faces" and
the Aborigines. We say amicable relations,
for the common feeling between the two races
was manifestly hostile, based upon a supposed
antagonism, and, owing to the treachery of many
white and red men, too often declared itself by
deeds of rapine, arson and bloodshed, the legiti-
mate outgrowth of false ideas of mine and thine.
Tradition informs us that Edward Tanner, who
was born on the south branch of the Potomac,
when about sixteen years old was captured by
Incjiians and taken to Upper Sandusky, Ohio,
and kept a prisoner for three years and a half
and then released, when he returned to Virginia,
and, after becoming a man, married and soon af-
ter migrated to the place where he built his
cabin, as stated. In view of his capture and re-
lease, we may suppose that he was not maltreated
during that captivity, and that he had found favor
at their hands, and as he subsequently was will-
ing to venture with his wife into the wilderness
over which red men roamed and held dominion, he
evidently had acquired faith in their integrity
and fair dealing, when met by the same traits in

the white man. At any rate, he settled in their
midst and remained unmolested. And a little
more than a year afterwards — in 1792 — his son,
Samuel, was born. William C. Tanner was born
there also — the same now known as Captain
Tanner.

About the beginning of the present century
Edward Tanner built a new log house to dwell
in, instead of the primitive cabin. This was the first
hewed log house in all this countiy ; it is not now
used for a dwelling. Edward Tanner was a con-
sistent member of the M. E. Church. He died
in 183 1. His son, Captain W. C. Tanner, lives
on the old homestead farm. Major Bonni-
field was the next to settle in this localitjr, but
when the township lines were run, his home was
found to be in Hopewell township. Baltzer
Fletcher settled near Mr. Tanner, on the east,
about 1791. He was from Virginia, also. John
Kinkead came from New Jersey, in 1795.

In i797,EliasHughes and John Ratliff— frontier
scouts — moved from Virginia and settled near
the mouth of the Licking I'iver, but in about a
year forsook their cabins and moved about twen-
ty miles further up the stream. It is not likely
that they made homes there, as no trace is to be
found of them, beyond the tradition. It is prob-
able thej' were the same worthies of whom an
account, by tbeir names, is given in the historv
of Muskingum township.

In 1798, a Mr. Priest settled in the same local-
it}^ Tradition informs us that " Mr. Priest, wife
and six children, the youngest in arms, removed
from Culpepper county, Virginia, four hundred
miles away, the parents walking, the mother
carrying her babe, while the other children and
their household goods and furniture were trans-
ported on pack horses. Mrs. Priest lived to be
102 years old." It is to be regretted that the
place of their location and some of the events of
such a family, have not been kept in the memory
of some one, or otherwise preserved.

Abel Lewis came to Zanesville from Pennsyl-
vania, in -the year 1800. It is said he was a man
of unusual courage, although very cautious.
Doubtless a man venturing fi-oni Pennsylvania
into Ohio, at that time, was possessed of true
courage. The following incident, related of him,
evinces his caution : " Traveling on foot, when
night came, in order to avoid the danger of be-
ing attacked by wild beasts while asleep, he
climbed into a tree top, tied his arm to a limb
with his pocket handkerchief, and passed the
night safely." That the country was settled by

330

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

such men, was svirely a guarantee of its develop-
ment in the ways of civilization. Mr. Lewis was
clerk of the court from 1803 to 181 1 ; he was a
surveyor, also. He removed to the farm now oc-
cupied by his son, George J. Lewis, in 1812.
George was a small boy at that time, and has
lived on the old home place ever since. It is
situated near the north boundary, and a little west
of the median line of the township.

John Channel, a noted hunter, squatted near
John RatlifF in 1804, and changed his abode
soon after, for some locality further up the river.

The next to join the settlement, were William
Kamp and Frederick Geyer. The latter, in
1807, lived on the farm now owned by Lewis
Lane. His son, George F. Geyer, then a mere
lad, is now in his eighty-fifth year.

The first carpenter was Woodward,

whose first work was done ^r Edward Tanner,
on his hewed log house, A.D. 1800.

The First School. — We would have liked
to have given the names of the first scholars, or
some of them, and their succcessors. It would
have enabled the reader to recall fond memories,
and doubtless would have awakened fountains of
human feeling seemingly dried up. It is an un-
welcome task to record so little concerning a
field so fruitful of " happier hours," that were
cherished in the long ago. Surely there was a
wealth of ties in common, when children found
their way o'er hill and dale to the log school
house, where the teacher was sometimes taught
as well as the scholar. And when the mysteries
of the books were laid away for the day, and the
evening shades began to fall, their souls bi'eathed
a " common prayer :"

" Ave Maria ! o'er the earth and sea

That heavenliest hour of heaven is worthiest thee !
Ave Maria ! blessed be the hour,

The rime, the clime, the spot, where I so oft
Have felt that moment in its fullest power,

Sink o'er the earth so beautiful and soft."

And as the children wandered home again,
often peering into each others faces, some of
which were radiant with feeling, and tears of jo}'
or sorrow lingered on the cheek — how hallowed
those scenes ! but we have none other than our
own memory to draw from, and so must be con-
tent with a few brief statements, and leave the
reader to supply the rest.

The first school, then, was kept in the edge of
Falls and Hopewell townships, in i8oi,by a Mr.
Black. The first school house in this township
was built on the farm owned by William Search,
situated in the southwest corner of the township,
about 1804. This temple of learning, like many
cotemporary institutions of the same kind, was
of the primitive order of architecture — and too
famihar to the student of "ye olden time" to
warrant a description here. The purpose for
which it was reared was served in the most prac-
tical way. It was then that the future statesman
and philosopher, or the dignified matron, first
struggled with the problems in orthography, and

it is worthy of note that this subject has not
ceased to cause a struggle in its mastery, even in
institutions of greater pretensions, to this day.
Writing and Arithmetic, the remaining members
of the trio that embraced the curriculum of the
institutions aforesaid — otherwise expressed in
the phrase to " read, write and cipher " — formed
the most important factors that challenged their
endeavor. The graduates of these institutions
had one advantage over those of more modern
times, they were satisfied with their attainments
arid betook themselves to the industrial pursuits
of life, which, to them, were the short roads to
happiness.

About the same time, perhaps a little later, J.
Ranny taught school on the Camp farm, on the
north side of the Licking river. The teachers
have doubtless passed away, and there are few of
the pupils to answer to the roll call.

Dillon's falls village.

The inception of this settlement, was when
Moses Dillon first saw the Falls. About the year
1803, or 1804, Moses Dillon, senior, then about
seventy years of age, came to this region, as the
traveling companion of a Qiiaker minister, on a
visit to the Wyandot Indians, located at the head
waters of the Coshocton branch of the Muskin-
gum river. Arriving at the Falls of the Lick-
ing, Mr. Dillon was first impressed with the
beauty of the landscape, and then with the fact
that here was a fine water-power, and conceived
the idea of utilizing it for manufacturing pur-
poses. Before leaving the neighborhood, he dis-
covered iron ore, which increased his determin-
ation to make this a business point. Soon after
his return to his home, in Pennsylvania, he pur-
chased a tract of land, including the Falls —
probably near three thousand acres. He moved
to the Falls in 1805, and erected an iron furnace
and foundry, and made all kinds of hollow-ware
then in vogue. This was probably the first fur-
nace and foundry erected west of the Alleghanj-
Mountains. In 1814. Mr. Dillon built a grist-
mill and two sawmills near the Falls, one on the
east side of the river. These mills, and the fur-
nace and foundry, gave employment, sometimes
to as man\- as one hundred and fifty men.

In 1806. Mr. Dillon opened a store at the Falls
of the Licking, with a general assortment of
merchandise suited to the wants of the pioneer,
and trading with the Indians, many of whom yet
lingered in the region round about, and found it
convenient to exchange their skins, furs, other
wares, and meats, for articles of clothing and
ammunition. This became an important trading
point. The people were allowed to settle on his
land near by, and the village, that grew in this
wise — though never regularly laid out, and no
one acquired title to the land occupied by them
— once numbered fifty families.

Moses Dillon had three sons, John, Isaac, and
Moses, who, like himself, were enterprising
men. He was engaged in business with his sons
until near the time of his death, in 1828, having
lived to be ninety-four yeai"s old. His son John

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

331

continued the furnace, foundiy, and mills, for
some years after the father's. death, and gave at-
tention to agriculture and horticulture. He and
his brother Isaac were among the number who
organized the Muskingum County Agricultural
Society, in 1836. They held their first fair at the
Court House inZanesville, an account of which
is given in another part of this work. John Dil-
lon was the first President of the Society. He
died in the year 1862, aged eighty-six, having
lived a very useful life. Isaac Dillon was exten-
sively engaged in agriculture, horticulture, and
breeding fine stock. He was the first in the
township to engage in breeding Durham cattle
and Merino sheep, and aided many others to en-
gage in this business.

In 1825, Isaac Dillon engaged in manufactur-
ing linseed oil, carpets, cloths, cassimeres, and
satinet. His mills were located at the mouth of
the Licking river, in West Zanesville. He had
a sawmill just above the bridge, and a store in
the brick building now standing between the
railroad bridge and the Licking river. They
have all passed away ! Others occupy the field,
with industries larger and grander, but not moi^e
important than those in their day.

" The blood of our ancestors nourished the tree ;
From their tomb, from their ashes it sprung ,
Its boughs with their trophies are hung ;
Their spirit dwells in it, and — hark ! for it spoke,
The Toice of our fathers ascends from the oak.''

The tree of prosperity, with its wide-spreading
branches, each side of the river.

THE FIRST STORE.

The first store was opened at the Falls of the
Licking by Moses Dillon and sons, about A. D.
1806. Their merchandise was brought to them
on pack-horses, rarely by wagon, and embraced
everything known to the pioneer's schedule.

THE FIRST MAIL ROUTE.

The first mail route through this township was
from Zanesville to Newark, north of the Licking
river, inaugurated in 1806. The mail was first
carried on horseback. In 1825, Neile, Moore &
Company placed coaches on the road. This was
a doubtful improvement, even for passengers, as
road working had not been practiced, ahd most
of the route lay through swampy woods. It was
no unusual thing for a coach — having to take to
the hillsides, to avoid the swamps — to upset, to
the disquietude of the inmates, and sometimes se-
riously damaging their persons. The music of
the driver's horn, or the flourish of his whip,
may not be forgotten, but their combined influ-
ence could not subdue the fears of those who en-
trusted themselves to their care over one of these
routes.

About the same time, John S. Dugan ran a
line of stages fram Zanesville to Newark, via
Irville and Nashport, a longer route, but traveled
in less time than the other, as the road was bet-
ter. One Alexander Thompson was a driver on

this route. Drivers were notable characters,
and fully appreciated their position, as mail car-
riers, especially, and often were "the boon com-
panions of men of high as well as low degree."

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This society was formed at the Falls of Lick-
ing river, about four miles from Zanesville, and
organized in 1807. The first members were :
Edward Tanner and family, Samuel Simpson
and family, and Baltzer Fletcher and family.

The first class-leader and preacher was Rev.
David Sherrard. The Reverends, James B.
Findley and George Ellis, "pioneer itinerants,"
preached at this place, at divers times, and in
sundry other places in this region, and were
largely instrumental in the formation of the so-
ciety alluded to. The former was for some time
a missionary among Indians.

In 1807, or 1808, another society, under the
auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
was formed, in the northwest corner of the ter-
ritory now known as Falls township, and was
known as Hayne's or Hooper's Society, proba-
bly because persons of those names took a lead-
ing part in their religious exercises ; this is more
reasonable than to suppose that they were the
leading contributors, for, in those days, all who
attended the house of prayer were content with
a very humble temple, and, as their habits were
frugal, there was but a nominal expense connect-
ed with the service. The probability is, also,
that those who worshiped at all, worshiped God,
since there was no pomp of circumstance, nor
gorgeousness, about the temple to distract them
from it.

This society built a meeting-house, in 1810, in
the same locality. An accidental circumstance
gave rise to the name by which it was best
known in after years. During the process of
building, one of the logs was blackened by fire
before being raised to its place in the building,
and the meeting-house was named "Black Log."
Some, however, preferred to call it the chapel.

ORGANIZATION, TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL AND GEOLOGY.

This township was oi-ganized on the 9th of
March, A. D., 1808. September 3, 1817, a part
of West Zanesville was added to its territory.
It is bounded by the following lines:, "Begin-
ning on the west side of the Licking' River, at
the corporation line of the city of Zanesville, on
what is the "MiHtary, or Base line,' thence west
along said line one and one-half miles to the
southeast corner of Hopewell township ; thence
north along the line of said township to the south-
easterly corner of Licking, and southwesterl}^
corner of Muskingum townships : thence east
along the south line of Muskingum township to
the Muskingnm river ; thence in a southerly di-
rection along, and down, said river to the corpor-
ation line of the city of Zanesville ; thence west
and south around the said corporation of Zanes-
ville to the place of beginning."

The principal stream in the township is the
Licking River, which passes through the south-

332

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

western poi"tion, leaving an area of about one-
third of its territory south and west of said river.
There are several small streams in the township,
which flow into the Licking River, viz. : Bart-
lett's Run, Devore's Run, and Timber Run.
There are also a number of never-failing springs,
so that the region is well watered.

Topographically, this section is one of the
most pleasing to the eye, in its varying land-
scapes, to be found in the county. The surface
being generall}' undulating, even near the river,
where the slopes are known as first and second
bottom, and viewed as a whole, it is an inviting
held to the agricvxlturalist. The soil, as in other
regions similarly situated, is a sandy loam on the
bottom lands, and a clay sub-soil on the uplands,
and noted for its productiveness, inasmuch that
it has been termed "the farmer's paradise."

The native trees, once densfe forests, embraced
white, red and black oaks ; chestnut, hickory,
elm, ash, beech, sugar, maple, black and white
walnut.

Mineralogically, this township compares favor-
ably with many others of the county. Sand-
tone, limestone and iron ore are found in many
localities.

Coal, of good quality, is found in several parts.

THE FIRST SURVEYORS.

The first surveyors were Charles and John
Roberts, who came to this township in 1808. It
is probable that they ran most of the lines for the
settlers in this township ; yet, as there is no
record on this subject, we have only the tradition
that they were here about the time stated.

The first brick made and burned in this town-
ship, was in 1808, by WilHam Trago. His kiln
was about two miles west of the city of Zanes-
ville, near where Mr. A. M. Hollingsworth re-
sides.

The first dam across the Muskingum River, at
Zanesville, was built in 1809, and a short distance
above the present dam, which was built by the
State, in 1838.

George Jackson's Oil Mill, Saw Mill, and
Flour Mill, were erected in 1809, on the west
side of the river.

James Taylor erected a forwarding and com-
mission warehouse, a little way above these mills,
on the same side of the river.

About the same time, Richard Fairlamb and
Michael Dnlty erected a large flouring mill on
the west side of the Muskingum river, a short
distance below the dam. The mill was subse-
quently purchased by John and Richard Drone.
About the same time, also, Matthew Gillespie built
a large mill for the manufacture of linseed oil ;
this was located near where the west end of the
railroad bridge «ow stands. This mill was sub-
sequently used by R. N. and Daniel Dunlap, for
the manufacture of broom handles and clothes
pins.

The first physician was Dr. Isaac Helmick,
who located in West Zanesville ; the time, and
precise location, have not been found out. That
any son of Esculapius should be doomed to the

oblivion of such a mention as is here afforded by
the barren record at our command,is suggestive,
to say the least.

" In Pseslum's ancient fanes I trod,
And mused on those strange men of old,
Whose dark religion could unfold,
So many gods, and yet no God !
Did they to human feelings o.wn,
And had they human souls, indeed ?"

But they were sculptured, or carved in letters
bold, with many a record of their deeds ; while
now no scroll or tablet, nor humble shaft, is found
to speak of the deeds of sacrifice that blessed his
fellow, nor memory of his worth.

WpST ZANESVILLE VILLAGE.

Owing to the fact that West Zanesville formed
a part of Falls township, mention of the laying
out of the village is here repeated. This was
done by John Mclntire, A. D., 1809. He sur-
veyed and platted certain squares, which were
sub-divided into lots, viz. : Beginning at the
north end of the bridge, and running north along
River street, numbers one to twenty inclusive,
fronting on River street. This plat was never
recorded.

The Western Addition, or Newtown, was laid
out in 1852. A part of this tract was owned by
John Lee, to-wit. : That part lying west of Blue
avenue.

Terrace number one was laid out on a part of
the Mclntire land, in 1855, and terrace number
two, on another portion of said land, in 1863.

The village was incorporated A. D., 1869, and
under this new state of things, Henr)^ Petei's was
elected Mayor, and Imri Richards, Recorder.

The first distillery was built by James Tharp,
in 1809 or 1810, about one mile west of Zanes-
ville. James Fulton subsequently started a dis-
tillery, on what was known as the Snider Farm,
near the county infirmary grounds. This was af-
terwards carried on b\- J. Belknap.

THE I'lONERR PREACHER.

Anno Domini, 1810, Rev. James B. Finley, a
Methodist minister on the Knox circuit, held his
first appointment at Dillon's Falls, in the house
of Henr\- Dick, who kept the tavern, then the
only one in the place, and notwithstanding the
assembl}' was rough by nature and habit, a class
was organized, consisting of John and Jacob
Hooper, J. Denlenhifter, Mr. — — Cooper and
wife, and Samuel Gasawa\-, the latter a colored
man.

A MEWED LOG MEETING HOUSE.

Rev. James B. Findley started a subscription
for a hewed log Meeting House, which was
erected soon alter. Just before the house was
erected, Bishop McKendree, passing by on his
western tour, was asked to preach a dedication
sermon on the foundation and the logs, which he
did from the scripture, "And upon this rock I
win build my church," Matt. XVI. 18. The
house was built, and, after many }.ears of service,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

333

was taken down and a frame church was built on
the same site.

TEMPERANCE WORK.

Near about 1810, Rev. James B. Finley in-
augurated a temperance society at the Furnace,
at Dillon's Falls. He improvised a platform by
mounting a salt kettle, and made such an earnest
plea in behalf of temperance, that every one
present took a pledge to keep liquor away fi'om
the furnace, and though no record of that event,
or report of the conduct of those who took that
pledge, is to be found, tradition has it that the
pledge was faithfull}^ kept.

TAVERNS.

About the year 1809, John Corbis, of West
Zanesville, opened a house of entertainment ;
his house, a small one, was built of hewed logs,
and had a porch in front. The chief commen-
dation " in favor of this tavern was good food
and plenty of clean floor to sleep on." A year
later, one Mr. Dick opened a tavern, the loca-
tion of which is not known.

In 1816, John Lee opened a tavern at the Falls,
and was very popular. The " landlord," as the
tavern keeper was called, had the opportunity of
being considered the oracle in state affairs, as he
was, by virtue of his position, the associate and
confident of the politicians, who, through him,
canvassed the country and laid the political
wires that often controlled the elections. Lee
was a shrewed man and a general favorite.

FLOURING MILL AT DILLON'S FALLS.

George Jackson erected a flouring mill at the
Falls of the Licking, in 1808 or 1810, on the
east side of the river, just below Dillon's Fur-
nace. It is said, that people came fifty and sixty
miles to this mill, and sometimes had to wait
several days for their grist.

THE FIRST BURYING GROUND.

The first burying ground was donated by John
Dillon, Senior, in 1810. He gave an acre of
ground, located not far from the mouth of Tim-
ber Run, about one mile west of the city of
Zanesville. It is still used as a cemeteiy, and
known as "The Quaker Burying Ground."
Among the first, perhaps the first, persons in-
terred there, were William Tudor and family.
This may, and may not, have been a branch of
the Tudors of English renown. It may be that
the last of the Tudors has passed away. They
are gone, and

" None return from those quiet shores,

Who cross with the boatman, cold and pale ;
We hear the dip of the golden oars,

And catch a gleam of the snowy sail ;
And lo ! they have passed from our yearning hearts —
They crossed the stream and are gone, for aye."

The first tannery was started near the Falls
of the Licking river, by William English, in 1810.
It is not known how long Mr. English conducted
this business, or who, if any one, was his suc-
cessor.

The first marriage in the precincts of what is
now Falls township, took place in 1814. George
Simpson and Rachel Tanner, were the contract-
ing parties. We are not informed where the
ceremony was solemnized, or who joined them
in wedlock according to prescribed form, if any
such functionary were present ; certain it is that
" marriage is honorable in all, and the bed un-
defiled. Wherefore they are no more twain,
but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath joined
together, let not man put asunder."

" There are who say the lover's heart

Is in the loved one's merged ;
Oh, never by love't) own warm art,

So cold a plea was urged !
No ! hearts that love hath crowned or crossed,

Love fondly knits together ;
But not a thought or hue is lost

That makes a part of either.''

The first bridge was across the Licking river
at the Falls, and was built by the Dillons, in the
year 1820.

REPRESENTATIVES FROM FALLS TOWNSHIP.

Hon. David Chambers was elected a Member
of Congress in 1820, one term. And in 185 1,
was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature,
to which he was returned nine times. He was
a member of the Ohio Constitutional Conven-
tion, and the last.

General Edward Ball was elected member of
Congress in 1853 ; re-elected in 1857 ; and in
1867, was elected a member of the Ohio House
of Representatives, to which he was re-elected
in 1869.

SALT WORKS.

General Samuel Herrick owned, and operated
a salt well in 1823 ; it was situated in the north-
east part of the township, on what is now known
as the James Miller farm. The brine was repu-
ted very good, but the works have long since been
abandoned.

The first Sabbath School was organized in
1824, at the house of Henry Cook, who was the
first Superintendent. There is a flourishmg
school at the "Union Reform Church," near
the same place, of which Adam Drumm is
Superintendent. The average attendance is
thirty-six.

MEHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

In 1828, there arose a dissension in the Metho-
dist Episcopal Church, when those who held
views essentially different from the Methodist
Church withdrew from fellowship, and organized
a new church, under the name given at the be-
ginning of this article. The first church organ-
ized under this banner, in this township, was in
1835, ^t the house of John Tanner, where Rev.
Joseph Thrapp and Rev. Cornelius Springer
preached occasionally.

In 1856, this society built a church near the
west line of the township, about midwa}^ be-
tween north and south. John Tanner and fam-

334

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ily, William Drumm and family and Mrs. James
Tanner, are leading members.

The National Road, or National Pike, from
Washington City, D. C. to St. Louis, Missouri,
through this township, was built in 1830. This
is the only turnpike road in the township.

FRAZEYBURG ROAD SCHOOL.

The school house on the Frazeyburg road,
about one mile north of the line bounding Falls
township, on the north, was the school to which
.pupils living in the northern part of Falls town-
ship had to go, in those days. It was a hewed
log building, with long windows, rough furniture,
planks fastened to the walls for desks, and but
little improvement on those first in use in this
section of country. The ground on which it was
built was donated for the purpose by John Van-
denbark, since deceased. The house was erect-
ed in 1840. The first teacher was one Gibson.
The number of scholars generally in attendance
was forty.

Religious services were held in this hoxise soon
after it was opened, and occasionally Rev. Jos-
eph Thrapp preached there. He was a Method-
ist Protestant. It does not appear that any re-
ligious society was organized there.

RICH VALE M. E. CHURCH.

This society was organized in 1842. The
church was erected soon after, and is situated
on the road leading from Zanesville to Dresden,
about five miles from the city.

The membership, at the time of organization,
embraced Nathan Kelley and family, E. Wilkin-
son and family, S. M. Bell and family, Simeon
Kelley and family and E. V. Walker.

The trustees are Nathan Kelley, E. Wilkin-
son, S. M. Bell, Simeon Kelley and F. N. Wal-
ker.

OAKLAND CHURCH.

A handsome frame structure by this name was
built on land donated for church purposes by C.

C. Goddard, of Zanesville. The site was
deeded to William Camp and John Vandenbark,
as Trustees. The society was organized in 1844 ;
some of the members at that time were, William
Camp and family, John Vandenbark and family,

D. Edwards and family, J. Pake and family, and
Mrs. J. Gej'er and family.

The first regular minister was Rev. W. II.
Marshall. The first class leaders were John
Vandenbark, David Edwards and William
Camp.

A Sabbath School was organized soon after
the church was built ; at that time, there were
thirty scholars. The Superintendent was John
Vandenbark. The school now has an average
attendance of one hundred. William Scales is
the present Superintendent.

ANCIENT POTTERY.

On what is known as the John Vandenbark
farm, being in lot 4, in Bank Lots, on the eastern
border of the township, there was found while

plowing, in 1845, on a ridge, in three places, of
about 30x40 feet each, beds of crockery ware.
When turned up by a plow, the fragments, gen-
erally two or three inches in diameter, gave evi-
dence of having been shaped by man, but on ex-
posure to the atmosphere, soon crumbled to dust.
Oak trees, from two to three feet in diameter, had
grown over this ridge, and evidently since the
pottery fragments were placed there. An iron
vessel, about five inches long and one and a
quarter inches deep, was plowed up in one of
these places. Potters clay is found near here
and may have been worked.

POST OFFICE IN WEST ZANESVILLE.

The first and only Post Office established in
the village of West Zanesville, was in 1851 ;
Joseph S. Parke was the Postmaster.

GLEN MOORE NURSERY.

The nursery business, in any region, is to the
cultivation of fruits and flowers, what the breed-
ing of fine stock is to the agriculturist — and more.
It may be said that improved breeds of cattle,
hogs, and sheep are powerful adjuvants to the
physical well-being of mankind, and there is
some truth in the assertion, when the form of the
animal is considered as more pleasing to the eye.
But this is only true in proportion as we are edu-
cated to see beauty in certain prescribed forms,
whereas, we cannot fail to recognize beauty in
every creature in the animal kingdom, when we
have been educated to recognize the natural out-
lines, as well as other elements of beaut)' in them.
It may be said that the fleece of sheep has been
greatly improved by certain arts, and yet this is
open to criticism. It may be said that, beyond
all conti'oversy, the fine blooded horse is the no-
blest specimen of the equine race. Well, accept-
ing the advantages, and that they have been
brought about by skillful management, with equal
truth it may be claimed that the fruits and flow-
ers of every region have been improved, in qual-
it)' and quantit}-, b)' the same skillful manage-
ment, and have vastlj- more enriched mankind in
their effects on his physical well-being, and are
quite as profitable in a financial point of view.
These considerations, then, justify giving place to
the nursery business.

The inception of this nursery business, it may
be, was forced by reason of the delicate health of
its founder— S. Jacobs Moore. This state of
health was engendered by uncongenial pursuits,
which the outdoor and pleasing exercise of the
horticultural business did much to restore. It is
said that, shortly after coming to Zanesville, in
1856, he purchased an acre and a half of ground
in "Mt. Auburn Addition to Zanesville," on the
west side of the river, and moved himself and
family there. Another acre and a half was soon
added to the first, and the work of planting fruit
and ornamental trees began. In the fall of 1865,
his nephew, S. R. Moore, came, and another
tract, containing eleven acres, partly covered with
forest trees, was purchased, and, by the spring
following, this ground was cleared and prepared

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

335

for nursery purposes, and dviring 1867-68-69, a
small stock was gi'owing. Some small fruits were
set out. In the spring of 1866, a vineyard of an
acre and a half was planted. In 1874, the crop
gathered from this vineyard was equal to eight
tons to the acre ! This prosperity was arrested,
however, by the grap© rot, from which the vines
in this region have not been entirely exempt any
year since it made its appearance. The nursery
stock, on the other hand, has been increased
steadily. The soil and climate are manifestly
favorable to the horticulturist.

S. Jacobs Moore continued to superintend the
nursery business until near the time of his death,
after which the business was conducted by S. R.
Moore, until the fall of 1877, when he took con-
trol of Mt. Pleasant nursery, and Mrs. S. H.
Moore took .charge of Glen Moore nursery. In
the spring of 1879, S- -^^ Moore relinquished Mt.
Pleasant nursery, and joined Mrs. S. H. Moore
in conducting Glen Moore nursery. In addition
to fruit trees and flowers, shade and other orna-
mental trees have a conspicuous place in this in-
dustry. To such efforts as this, the county and
surrounding region owes much for the opportu-
nity of beautifying homes and cemeteries, and
has derived a healthy stimulus in fruit culture.

ISRAELITISH BURIAL GROUND.

This was regularly laid out and set apart for
the purpose in 187 1, and has since been decorated
in a becoming manner, and well kept. It is sit-
uated on the north side of the National pike,
about two miles west of the city of Zanesville. It
is under the control of the following Board of
Trustees : Jacob Shonfield, Michael Shonfield,
Wolf Dryfus, Henry Baer, and Rudolph Meyer.

THE VILLAGE OF WEST ZANESVILLE ANNEXED TO
THE CITY OF ZANESVILLE.

The question of annexation to the city of Zanes-
ville was brought before the people in 1870, and
resulted in the election of several officers favorable
to the consolidation, to wit : Mayor, C. W. Buck-
master ; Recorder, James Patrick, whose influ-
ence brought about a test, by a vote of the people,
in October, of that year, when a majority of the
votes cast were in favor of annexation.

The act of the city of Zanesville, conceiming
this matter, will be found in the recital concern-
ing Zanesville.

GRANGES.

The first Grange (Pataskala), was organized
in 187 1. The members were: William Town-
send, S. M. Bell, J. P. McEwen, and three of
the Vanderbarks, whose given names are not re-
membered. J. P. McEwen was the first Master.
At the time of the organization, the meetings
were held in the southeastern part of the town-
ship, but were subsequently moved across the
township, near the northeastern part. S. M. Bell
was then the Master.

Pleasant Valley Grange was organized in the
southwest part of the township, in 1872. George
Townsend, Oscar Tanner, H. L. Gray, Samuel

Johnson, and George Kime were members, and
James Tanner, Master. This Grange has ceased
to exist.

Rich Valley Grange, No. 925. — This is an or-
ganization of the Patrons of Husbandry, which
was consummated May 28th, 1874, in the vicinity
of John M. Lane's, in Muskingum township.
The first members were : John M. Lane, John
Welsh, Lewis Lane, William Lane, Boggs Mc-
Dowell, William Latham, Wesley Gorsuch, John
Riley, and D. McGee. John M. Lane was the
first Master.

The Patrons ai^e not keeping up their organi-
zations at this time.

POTTERY;

Thomas Williams erected his pottery near the
National pike, about five miles west of the city,
in 1874, ^"d still conducts the business. Another
was erected about the same time, near the Falls
of Licking. The capacity of these potteries, like
about all others in this county, is 80,000 gallons
of ware per annum.

LIME BURNING.

This simple industry is, nevertheless, an im-
portant one, and has been carried on in this town-
ship, by numerous persons, under varj'ing circum-
stances and degrees of success. In 1874, ^- Hat-
tan and Philip Mourin, (the latter having discov-
ered limestone of the Newtonville strata, accord-
ing to the State Geological Report), erected a
lime kiln a little below the Falls of the Licking,
on the east side, and continued to burn lime un-
til the stone gave out, which was in the fall of
1880, when the business, of necessity, ceased. It
is worthy of note, that Mr. Mourin devised this
kiln as a continuous burner, with a capacit}'^ of
one hundred bushels of lime per day. They sold
all of their lime in Zanesville.

IRON ORE.

Iron ore was discovei-ed by Philip Mourin, in
the same locality, immediately above the lime-
stone. The ore was of superior quality, about
six inches thick. A large quantity was hauled
to the iron furnace, at Zanesville, and manufac-
tured there. The supply gave out in the fall of
1880.

MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE.

Immediately below the limestone, near Dillon's
Falls, is this formation, ranging from four to ten
feet in thickness, When quarried, it is soft and
easily sawed into any desired shape, and, after
exposure for a short time to the atmosphere, it
becomes quite hard, and suitable for building pur-
poses. The faciHty of quarrying and cutting into
desired shapes, makes this a very desirable stone
for ornamental work in buildings.

THE FIRST RAILROAD.

The first railroad passing through this town-
ship was the Central Ohio, from Columbus to
Wheeling, now called the Baltimore and Ohio,
There is a station at Dillon's Falls.

336

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

FALLS TOWNSHIP, GEOLOGICALLY.

A section was obtained on Henry Flesher's
place, showing Putnam Hill limestone, one foot
six inches thick ; sandstone fifteen feet thick ; sid-
erite ore, five inches thick; also, six inches thick.
The sandstone is unusually coarse for Waverly.
Some loose fragments of conglomerate were seen
on the surface of the ground near the horizon of
Maxville limestone, but no conglomerate was
found in place.

The following geological section was taken on
Joe's Run, abovit half a mile north of the Central
Ohio railroad bridge, across the Licking river:

Feet. Inches.

1. Putnam Hill limestone , 1 6

2. Clay and shale 20 0

3. Ore, limestone, sometimes siderite 0 5

4. Flint 0 8

5. Mostly sandy shale 30 0

6. Siderite ore 0 5

7. Flint and limestone, fossiliferous 1 3

S, Siderite ore 0 6

9. Dark shale — —

On the land of Mr. Kline, the following geo-
logical section was taken :

Feet. Inches.

1. Simonite ore 0 3

2. Shale 1 0

3. Siderite ore. 0 6

4. Limestone, fossiliferous, 2 0

5. Sandy bituminous shale 10 0

6- Coal 0' 3

7. Clay 0 6

8. Coal 0 3

9. Clay 0 2

10. Coal 0 3

11. Clay 1 0

12. Sandy bituminous shale, with coal plants 1 0

MTJSKiNatrm township.

THE BOUNDARY PIONEERS REVENGE UPON THE

INDIANS THE FIRST ORCHARDS THE THEATRE

OF THEIR ACTIONS THE SOIL THE FORESTS

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED — FUiST CHURCH SAB-
BATH SCHOOL IN EARLY TIMES — FIRST MILL

FIRST TANNERY BAPTIST CHUKCIT PRESBYTE-
RIAN CHURCH THE FIRST SCHOOL PUNCH-
EONS DISTINGUISHED MEN BLACKSMITHS

FIRST DISTILLERY SALT WORKS FIRST HO-
TEL FIRST BRICK HOUSE ST. MARY's CATH-
OLIC CHURCH AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS

HOUSHOLD IMPLEMENTS MILLING IMPROVED

STOCK MILITARY RECORD ROLL OF HONOR

RAILROAD.

This is the second township north of the city of
Zanesville, west of the Muskingum river, being
bounded on the east by that stream, north by Cass
township, west by Licking township, and south
by Falls township.

The first to explore its wilds, and make a home

there, were : David Devore, James Beach, and
James Black, in 1797. The former built his cabin
on the east side of the township, near the river,
but subsequently abandoned this site and located
on the south half of section six, township two,
range eight, near a small stream that has since
been known as "Devore.'s run." James Black
settled on the farm now owned by John Stitt. The
only homestead chosen by Jaines Black, accord-
ing to tradition, was under his hat ! These were
followed, in 1798, by John Bland, (whose son,
Silas, was born while they were yet in camp, the
same year), Elijah Stradley, and Ebenezer Ryan.
The former settled on a part of section thirteen ;
Mr. Stradley, on lot thirty-six, (as now surveyed),
and Ryan continued to roam. David Devore
built the first hewed log house in the township,
in 1798. The reaper. Death, came into the j'oung
settlement and took Timothy Prior, in 1799, the
record of whose coming was, doubtless, buried
with him, as it is not known. Jesse Dowell and
James Devore passed over the river about the
year 1800. They were buried on the Gardner
farm, which spot became the first cemetery of the
township. William Blandjoined his brother John,
in 1803. In 1808, Levi Cooper, George Welsh,
Samuel McCann, and Joseph Spencer were add-
ed to the community. McCann settled on sec-
tion seven, Cooper on section thirteen, Welsh on
the south half of section twenty-two, and Spencer
on section five.

It will be seen by referring to the date of the
acquisition of title to the lands from the Indians,
that it had not been fully consummated ; that this
region was a part of the domain of the Abo-
rigines, and, as subsequent histor}- shows, they
were reluctant to quit this countrv for parts un-
known to them. And with the displeasure at
parting with their happy hunting grounds, came
the pang of separating from the graves of their
fathers. That the inducements to remain where
valuable game for meat and skins was abund-
ant, with the facility of carr3ing these commodi-
ties, by boat, to the traders' headquarters, at Ma-
rietta, or even beyond, was sufficient, in a com-
mercial point of view, will be apparent to any one
at all acquainted with the geography and early his-
tory of the country. And when the great confed-
eration of Indian tribes is taken into account, we
can but wonder that the red men submitted to the
gready inferior foixe of the white man. They did
not make haste to depart, but lingered, thinking,
and rightly, that the whites were getting so much
the best of the bargain, that they were willing to
ignore the stipulations of the treaty, and occa-
sionally found pleasure in running off stock, and,
upon slight provocation, killing men, and even
women. They killed a young. woman who was
affianced to one Hughes. This very naturally,
exasperated him, and he induced his friend Rat-
lifl^'to join him in an oath of revenge. This was
quickly put to the test by another overt act upon
the part of the Indians, who stole horses from
Hughes and RathflF, one night in the month of
April, 1800. Revenge on the Indians — any In-
dians— was the literal meaning of their vow. The

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

337

injured parties easily enlisted another man — John
Bland- — in their cause; which now included the
recovery of their horses. Fortunately for any un-
offending Indians that might have been in the
neighborhood, sufficient snow had fallen to ena-
ble them to track the marauders, and they fol-
lowed them into Knox county, thirtj' miles away,
when, seeing there were only two, they cast lots
to determine who should be the avengers of the
outrage. The lot fell upon Hughes and Bland.
The party crept stealthily nearer, to make assur-
ance doubly sure. Hughes brought the first In-
dian to the dust, while Bland's gun failed, and
this gave the remaining Indian a chance to plead
for his life, which he did, saying : "Ugh ! me bad
Indian ; me do so no more !" With this confes-
sion and promise on his lips, Ratliff absolved him
from further earthly trouble by sending a bullet
through his heart. The trio then secured their
horses and returned home ; and such was the ef-
fect of this mode of dealing out justice that the
red man began to forsake this region, and the pi-
oneer pursued the ways of peaceful industry with
but little molestation.

The first orchards were set out by Daniel De-
vore and William Bland, in the year 1800, and
soon after, George Welsh planted an apple and
peach orchard. These being the first orchards
in this section, the fruit was in great demand by
old and voung, the latter sometimes appropriating
a supply without consulting the owners thereof.

The first barn was built on the farm now owned
by George Walsh, about the year 1810. Richard
Owens did the carpenter work, and was proba-
bly the first carpenter in the township. Dutton
Lane had a frame barn built on the farm now
owned by Milo Miller — one Crowel was the car-
penter. This was "in an early day."

Samuel Gest, John Dorsey, and Rev. Joseph
Thrapp came in 18 10. Dorsey settled upon the
west part of section four ; Thrapp in the south-
west corner of the township, upon the farm now
owned by his son, J. E. Thrapp. In 1812, Henry
J. Butler and Samuel Baxter arrived. The for-
mer settled on the west border of the township,
just north of Thrapp, and the latter did not make
a home of his own. John M. Lane, a blacksmith,
from Baltimore county, Maryland, came in 1815 ;
he opened a farm on section nineteen. Norman
Gorsuch, from the same place, came soon after,
with his family and household goods. They made
the trip of three hundred and seventy-five miles
in twenty-two days. He died at the age of sev-
enty-three. His son, Joshua, now in his eighty-
third year, lives on the farm opened by his father.
The wife of Joshua was the daughter of Rev. Jo-
seph Thrapp, (of the Methodist Episcopal church,
who moved from Virginia to Licking county, and
in 181 o settled upon the farm now owned by J.
E. Thrapp.)

A Methodist camp meeting was held upon the
farm of Rev. Joseph Thrapp, in 18 15, and among

the ministers present were McKendree and

Francis Asbury, afterwards so well known as
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr.
J. E. Thrapp thinks McKendree was then a Bish-

op. Many are said to have been converted at
the meeting, among them was Samuel Hamilton,
of Hopewell township, who became a minister,
and continued to labor for the cause of Christ un-
til disabled by age, and he died triumphantly in
the faith he had preached.

The triumphs of these brave pioneers have not
been sung, nor the tales of the hardships they
endured been preserved, by faithful chronicler,
but memory relumes with a hallowed fire as tra-
ditional accounts are told o'er and o'er at the
fireside of their happy descendants ; and the in-
cense of gratitude goes up from many a heart for
the beauty and quiet of homes now the heritage
of the dwellei's in "old Muskingum," ever en-
hanced by the fruitful fields, the orchards of lus-
cious fruits,- and vine-clad hills, happy children,
schools and churches, and we hear their song :

" How cheerful, along the gay mead,

The daisies and cowslips appear ;
The flocks, as they carelessly feed,

Kejoice in the spring of the year.
The herbage that springs from the sod,

The myrtle that shades the gay l>owers,
Trees, plants, cooling fruits and sweet flowers,

All raise to the praise of our God."

The surface that constituted the theatre of their
actions, is undulating, until you approach the
eastern part, where it rises into headlands, near
the river, sometimes rather abruptly. There are
no large streams, yet the township is considered
well watered. "Devore's run" rises in Cass
township, and flows in a southeastern direction,
through the western part of the township. There
are, besides, a number of smaller streams and
rrever-failing springs.

The soil is principally sandy loam, except in
the most undulating portions, where clay subsoil
predominates. The cereals, as well as vegeta-
bles, do well in this township.

Forest trees of the white and black oak, hick-
ory, ash, walnut, beech, elm and chestnut
varieties, are found in many parts of the town-
ship.

Coal of good quality abounds in the eastern
part of the township. Some iron ore has been
found, but not demonstrated to be in paying
quality or quantity.

Limestone and sandstone of good quality, for
building purposes, is abundant.

The first road surveyed was the State Road,
from Zanesville to Coshocton, about 1830. It
passed through the eastern portion of the town-
ship ; and from Zanesville to Newark — about the
same time. The latter passes through the south-
western portion of the township.

THE TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED.

The territory embraced in this township was
formerly joined with that of Falls, and was or-
ganized March 8th, 1808, and then included
West Zanesville, under a new organization, June
7th, 1816. Muskingum township, as now bound-
ed, was organized the 3d of September, 181.7,
and was a part of what had been West Zanes-

338

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ville and Falls township, West Zanesville being
divided between Falls and Muskingum town-
ships.

The first election of township officers is said to
have been held at the house of Captain James
Tajdor, on the last Saturday of September, 1817.
The first Justice of the Peace, elected at the
same time, was Henry Butler. The names of
the township officers do not appear on record,
nor does tradition furnish them.

THE FIRST CHURCH.

The first church (Methodist Episcopal) was
organized by Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family,
at his house, in the southwest corner of the town-
ship, in 1810. The society, at its inception, was
composed of Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family,
John Thrapp and family, Mr. Hickison and fam-
ily, and Mr. Hall and family. Their first preach-
er was Rev. James Qiiinn. The society has con-
tinued through every adversity and flourished.
They now worship at Sherrard Chapel, which is
included in the circuit embracing Irville, Nash-
port. Hooper's Chapel, and Rich Vallc}'. Each
of these places is supplied by Rev. Leem as-
ter, who preaches to each congregation every
two weeks.

SABBATH SCHOOL IN EARLY TIMES.

Archibald McCann was very devoted to the
welfare of the young people of his neighbor-
hood, and on Sabbath gave his whole time to
teaching ; opening school in the morning, and
continuing all day — in studying the Bible. Mr.
McCann was drowned in the canal at Zanesville,
on the night of March 29th, 1839. "^^^ draw-
bridge had been left open, and, the night being
dark, he did not discover it, and, walking off,
fell into the water.

THE FIRST MILL.

The first mill was built by David Devore, on
"Devore's run," in 1812. This was a crude af-
fair ; after the wheat was ground, it was carried
in sacks, upon men's shoulders, to the upper
story of the mill, and there bolted by hand.

The first sawmill was built by Rev. Joseph
Thrapp, on his place, in the southwest corner of
the township, in 181 2. Elias Green had a saw-
mill, in 1825, on the same site where David De-
vore's mill stood in 18 12.

THE FIRST TANNERIES.

One was built by Dutton Lane, on the Dres-
den road, in the eastern part of the township, in

1812, and another in 1817, by Firman Spencer,
near the village of Spencer.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Baptist Church, also called "the Baxter
Church," was organized, and the house built, in

18 13. The house is located on the farm now
owned by John Welsh, which is the southwest
quarter of section twenty-two, township two,
rfinge eight.

I'he first members were : Samuel Baxter and

wife, John Dorsey and wife, Samuel Gest and
wife, Mrs. Eastenhauer, • Mrs. Lane, and Mrs.
Henry Butler.

The first pastor was Rev. Amos Mix. The
term "Predestinarian Baptist" was sometimes
applied to this congregation.

The cemetery grounds comprise three acres,
and were used soon after the organization of the
church. Three or four by the name of Lane,
and five or six of the neighborhood, who died
previous to this time, were buried on the farm
now owned by Joshua Butler (northwest quarter
of section twenty-two, township two, range
eight), and their graves remain there to this day.

The Presbyterian Church, known also as the
" Pierson Church," (situated about the center of
the township, north and south, and about two
and a half fniles from the west line) was organ-
ized in 1 8 14, and was first ministered to b)' Rev.
James Culbei-tson, of Zanesville.

The site for this church and cemetery, con-
taining about one acre, was donated by David
Pierson and George Welsh, jointly. The first
members were David Pierson and family, Joseph
McDonald and family, and some named Welsh,
but no record has been found and we have to
content ourselves with this tradition. A Sabbath
School was organized hei'e in 1849 5 ^^^ school
has continued to this da}'^ and now has about
forty scholars in attendance. The present Su-
perintendent is Rev. Tenny, assisted by

B. McDonald.

THE FIRST SCHOOL.

The first school was taught by one Shutlift', in
" the Pierson School House," about the year of
1815. John ElHott, Sanford Raimy, Archibald
McCann, and a Mr. Phelps, were' among the
teachers whose names are remembered, but
dates and localities are wanting. Like many of
their profession, they did not deem it necessary to
leave any record of their doings, so that it is pos-
sible tradition may fail to do them justice by not
weaving a chaplet for their brows.

The school house of " ye olden time " was not
intended to be more comfortable than the dwell-
ing, and it is altogether likely the scholars sel-
dom came to any other conclusion. The fur-
nisliing had little to inspire the uncultured mind.
What was obtained in this temple, was by the
hardest, in its most literal sense.

Puncheon the Solon walked upon,

Puncheon the scholar sat upon,

Puncheon the scholar wrote upon ;
Puncheon here, Puncheon there,
Puncheon, puncheon everywhere.

Tommy Punchin' Silas Scrusgins,

Billy Punchin' Sally Gender,

Teacher yelling mildly, " You, Muggins,

Punchin' never made a scholar."

Some distinguished men have begun their
career in the humble schools of this township.
Hon. C. S. Hamilton, Representative in Con-
gress in 1867-68, from the district embracing

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

339

Union county, went from this township. His
career was suddenly terminated by an insane son
striking him on the head with a board, when he
was on a visit home ; the son after kilHng his
father -attempted to kill other members of the
family.

Dr. John Hamilton, a well known physician of
Columbus, was once a pupil in the school house
here described.

Rev. Israel and Joel Thrapp, well known min-
isters of the M. E. Church, were raised in this
township and received their early training amid
the puncheons above alluded to. Hon. Elias
Ellis was a pupil in the Pierson School House ;
his father came to this township in 1806, and at
the time of his death, in August, 1833, lived in
the town of Irville, Licking township. Elias
Ellis, senior, came from Belmont county, Ohio,
with his family and household goods on pack
horses. Elias, junior, was born in Belmont county,
Ohio, July nth, 1805, and was less than a year
old when the family arrived here. He has been
elected to the Legislature four times ; first in
1869, member of the Lower House, and re-
elected in 1871. In 1873 he was elected to the
Upper House, and was one of the leading mem-
bers of the Senate ; the district comprised the
counties of Muskingum and Perry ; he was re-
elected in 1875.

EARLY BLACKSMITHS.

John Lane worked at the forge, prior to 18 15.
" Beal " Owens opened his shop in 1815, and
Otho Miller started his fire soon after. But
where, deponent saith not.

THE FIIKT DISTILLERY.

The first distillery was built by Col. George
Jackson, in 1818, near the Muskingum river ; we
are not told whether this was illicit or not, but
its location is not known. In 1824 another of
those obscure institutions was said to exist, and
Michael Hahn was credited with its manage-
ment. David Pierson and James Welsh wei-e
said to be in the business in 1818, or 1820.

THE FIRST SALT WORKS.

The first salt works were probably erected by
Col. George Jackson, somewhere in the eastern
part of the township, close to the Muskingum
river, about 1820. Salt brought from three to
four dollars per bushel, in those days.

The first hotel, tavern, or place of entertain-
ment, for these terms were used interchangeably,
was by David Devore, about 1810-12. This
was also his home — constructed of hewed logs,
small, but comfortable. Dutton Lane opened a
tavern on the road leading from Zanesville to
Coshocton, in 1820; his accommodations were
also limited to one small room.

The first brick house was built by Firman
Spencer in 1825, near the present village of Shan-
non, which was laid out on land owned by Mr.
Spencer, in 1830.

The first store in the village of Shannon (the
only one in the township) was kept by Robert

Welsh, in 1844. '^^e medium exchange was
silver coin and scrip. When change was scarce,
the larger pieces of coin were cut to suit the de-
mand. Coffee sold at 50 to 62^ cents per pound ;
tea at $2.00 ; calico at 37I to 50 cents per yard ;
while wheat sold as low as twenty cents per
bushel, and was a drug on the market at that,
and the price was generally paid in trade.

ST. MARY's CATHOLIC CHURCH.

This church had its inception in 1834, at the
house of William Mattingly, the occasion being
solemnized by the ceremony of " the Holy Sac-
rifice of the Mass," which was celebrated pretty
regularly, monthly, thereafter, by the Dominican
Fathers of Zanesville, up to the year 1855 i In
1856, the present beautiful brickedifice, 70x35,
was built, on the northwest corner of John Mat-
tingly's farm, being lot fourteen, Mr. Mattingly
having donated one acre of ground for the church
and cemetery. Francis- Mattingly generously
furnished the church. The congregation was
then ministered to by Rev. F. Breeder, from
Newark, Ohio, until 1869, and since that time
by Rev. J. M. Jacuett, of Coshocton.

William Mattingly died April 7th, 1857, aged
74 years, and was the first person buried in the
cemetery attached to this church.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Agricultural implements, in an early day, were
of the most primitive kind. The plows had
wooden mould boards, with shear and coulter,
made by "the village blacksmith," and the
plowman had to carry a paddle to clean the
plow, as it did not scour. And although
this was a great improvement on the Egyptian
plow — which was not a plow, but a sort of prong
of iron, adjusted to an imitation of the stock of
the present plow — but much rougher and heavier,
and propelled by a woman and an ox, yoked to-
gether, with a man (?) atthe .handle, yet, when
the patent plow, with cast iron mould board,
was introduced, in 1825, and the inevitable pad-
dle was thrown away, man and beast made light
of that which had been drudgery, and Mother
Earth seemed delighted to roll over. And when
the ti'ee top and wooden toothed harrow were
superseded by the iron tooth harrow, "the soil
pulverized at the verj? touch," as it wei'e. And
when iron prongs were substituted for wooden
hay forks, "the song of the hay-maker" was
heard in the land. Then, too, the brawny black-
smith, with sturdy stroke, made his anvil ring
merry music as he pounded the hoe and mattock
into shape, and the bewildered bystanders
shouted as this son of Vulcan made the fire fly.

The household implements were not such a
relief to the drudgery of the inmates, however.
Spinning wheel and loom, with their whirring
and clicking, were the nearest approach to
musical instruments that the fair dames pos-
sessed.

Tailoring, or the making of male apparel, was
of necessity, done at home.

Tanning — not only of the hides of irrepressible

34°

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

urchins — with birch bark, with the stick in it,
but the hides suitable for leather, was an indis-
pensable practice, that almost assumed the dignity
of an art.

Shoemaking was practiced, with due regard to
the comfort, at least, of both sexes.

Milling, or converting maize and other grain
suitable for bread into flour, was an occupation
which any member of the family large enough
to wield the pounder, was liable to perform. The
pestle, or pounder, when designed for a large
grist, was poised by the sweep, permitting a
heavy weight to be used in the performance, and
then the mill was located out of doors. The
bolting, or sifting, was generally done by the
maids, sometimes by the boys.

IMPROVED BREEDS OF STOCK.

James Still introduced the,first Short Horned,
or Durham, cattle, in 1839. ^^ took great pains
with his stock, and has -been well repaid for his
outlay and trouble. He was followed,, very
shortly after, in the same pursuit, by James Mc-
Cammon, whose Durham's have attracted special
attention.

The improved horses were brought from Mary-
land and Virginia, at an early day. They were
valued for their fitness for all work.

In 1830, Isaac Dillon, then a resident of Falls
township, introduced what is described as "a
very fine and profitable breed of sheep." The
next step in this direction was by a gentleman
from Pennsylvania, who introduced some French
Merinos ; and the next sheep introduced were
the Spanish Merinos, by an unknown gentle-
man. Among the early purchasers and success-
ful growers of sheep, were Joshua Gorsuch,John
M. Lane, Colonel E. Ellis, several of the Welsh
family, Bland's, and John McDonald.

The first imported hogs were introduced in
1829, by Joshua Gorsuch. This breed was
known as the Bedford. The next variety was
the China, then the Poland, the Suffolk, the
Chester White, and lastly, the Berkshire.
Varied degrees of success have attended the
growers, but result in the aggregate has been
very satisfactory, and as many others have en-
gaged in this business, it is safe to consider it
profitable in this township.

MILITARY RECORD.

Revolutionary Soldiers. — The regiment and
company unknown ; traditional authoritj', to-wit :
Thomas Dowel, David Devore, William Blunt,
William Bell and John Culling.

The following were "known to have been out
in the war of 1812 :" Mose.s Welsh, Enos De-
vore, Wm. Bland (Captain), Thomas Bland,
Jacob Lane, James Blunt, John Cullins, John
Thrapp and Noah Matthews.

Light Infantry. — A regiment was organized,
under the State law, in 1833. The officers were
as follows :

William B. Cassady, of Zanesville, Colonel ;
Elias Ellis, of this township. Lieutenant Colonel ;
Henrjr Harris, Major ; Thomas Maxfield of

Norwich,

Culbertson of Zanesville, David

Harris of Wayne township, and W. D. German
of Hopewell township, are known to have been
Captains.

Artillery. — An artillerj^ company was formed
in 1830. Elias Ellis was chosen Captain, and
John M. Lane Lieutenant.

Cavalry. — About 1830, a company of cavalry
was formed, of which William Ellis was Captain.
The other officers and members are not remem-
bered by the gentlemen who furnished this state-
ment ; and it will be well enough to state here,
that they — Francis Mattingly, Elias Ellis, James
E. Thrapp and Charles Gorsuch — four of the
oldest, best informed, and best preserved citi-
zens of this township, were at great pains to
furnish correct information for the history of this
township, and have certified the data herein as
the most complete and correct that can now be
furnished. And while the absence of dates and
specific location of some events is to be re-
gretted, it is yet a matter of congratulation that
they have been able to do so well from memory,
having nothing else to guide them. And thanks
are due to Joshua Gorsuch and wife, and John
M. Lane, for valuable information.

During the early part of the war of the rebel-
lion, fifty of the members of this ca\ali-y com-
pany volunteered, and twentj- were drafted.
One of the former, Joseph T. Gorsuch, was a
commissioned officer. •

The volunteers in the late rebellion, were as
follows :

John Knapp, Robert Hunter, Dwight Ross,
Levi Hunter, James Alexander, Chas. W. But-
ler, John A. Ryan, James JV^Clary, John But-
ler. Chas. W. Flemming, James Flemming,
Lemuel Gardner, Cornelius Murphy. William
Mupulman. Henr}' L. Park, Cornelius Brown,
Robei"t Smith, William Spencer, William Mc-
Gee, John Fletcher, William Bailey, William
James, Parish Gardner, Jacob Campbell, John
McClare}-', James Henderson, Cornelius Austin,
George Perry, David McGee, Marshall Spencer,
Samuel Harden. Get)rge B. Wright, Wm. H.
James, Jesse B. Conn, ^^'m. H. Wadden, Wm.
Bonner, W, 11. Pansier, Curtis Campbell,
Melvin Chxrk, George Fletcher, Aaron Riley,
James Matthews, Robert Welsh, Henry Fletcher,
James Sweney, James Quigley, George Qvngley ;
and of the drafted men, only two are remem-
bered— ^James E. Thrapp and S. W. Reamy.

The Military Roll of Honor for this township
is as follows :

Curtis W. Campbell — Company G, Ninetj'-
seventh O. V. I.

Spencer Fletcher — Company D, Sixteenth O.
V.I.

Levi Frost — Company B, .Fifteenth O. V. I.

Joshua G. Fletcher — Company G, Ninety-
seventh O. V. I.

John Granger— Company F, One Hundred
and Twenty-second O. V. I.

R. W. P. Hunter — Company G, Ninetv-sev-
enthO. V. I.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

341

WilliaiTi James — Company I, One Hundred
and Twent}-secondO. V. I.

William H. Madden — -Company G, Ninety-
seventh O. V. I.

Henry Moore — Company K, One Hundred
and Twenty-second O. V. I.

James McFarland — Company D, Sixteenth
O. V. I.

John St. Clair — Company G, Ninety-seventh
O. V. I.

Charles Tatham — Company D, Sixteenth O.
V. I.

George B. Wright — Companj^ F, Ninety-sev-
enth O. V. I.

STATE MILITIA.

Under the State law of Ohio, in 1863, militia
were enrolled, and performed military duty.
Archibald McDonald and William Tatham, of
this township, were Captains in the Second Mus-
kingum county regiment. Charles Gorsuch was
First Sergeant in one of them.

The last record of historic value for this town-
ship that is included in the data, gleaned and
certified to be true, is

THE RAILROAD.

The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley railway,
commonly called the C. & M. V. R. R.,
traverses a part of the eastern and northeastern
border of the township. Ellis Station, the only
one in the township, was located in 1870. The
Postoffice was opened at this station about the
same time.

NEWTON TOWNSHIP.

GEOGRAPH y PIONEER HISTORY INDEPENDENCE

DAY, A.D. 1800 UNIONTOWN SCHOOL ORGAN-
IZED FIRST COMMON SCHOOL ELECTION DAY

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED NO RECORD FIRST

TAVERN FIRST ROAD FIRST HEWED LOG

HOUSE FIRST GlilST MILL FIRST SAW MILL

WHISKY MILLS FIRST TANNERY OLD TIME

VISITS FIRST BIRTHS SALT WELL UNION-
TOWN FIRST STORE AND TAVERN UNION-
TOWN DIRECTORY WOOLEN MILLS FIRS T

POTTERY GOSHEN M. E. CHURCH THE BELL

CHURCH M. E. CHURCH, UNIONTOWN FIRST

CEMETERY — LENHART's SAW MILL — UNIONTOWN

BAPTIST CHURCH THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

AT UNIONTOWN RAILROAD TELEGRAPH

DUNKAliD CHURCH METHODIST PROTESTANT

CHURCH INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FEL-
LOWS MUSKINGUM LODGE OF FREE AND AC-
CEPTED MASONS FULTONHAM ACADEMY GE-
OLOGY.

In general terms, this township is said to be in
the southwest corner of Muskingum County. Its
boundaries are as follows : On the north, by
Springfield and a part of Hopewell townships ;
on the east, by Brush Creek and a small portion
of Springfieldtownships ; on the west, by Perry
County.

The soil is generally fertile, and the region
well watered. Jonathan's Creek is the principal
stream, traversing the territory in a zig-zag
course from the east, down below and up through
the center, and out at the noi-theast corner, fer-
tilizing and draining, with its south fork, a large
area' of the township ; to these add the net-work
of tributaries — Buckeye Fork, Kent's Run,
Thornpson's Run, One Mile, Two Mile, Three
Mile, and numerous other smaller tributaries, and
it is found to be one of the best watered town-
ships in the county.

The clay of this township has become noted
for its excellence in potter}', and many are en-
gaged in that industr}^.

The pioneer history is somewhat remarkable.
This locality was a favorite resort of the Shaw-
anese Indians, game and fish being abundant.
The first record of actual settlement, is that Jacob
Smith entered the west half of section twenty-
three, town fifteen, range fourteen, in 1797. He
came from Bucks County, via Louden County,
Virginia, and settled upon this land in 1802 ; his
cabin was subsequently described as being one
mile southwest of "Andrew Dugan's store :" his
son John, now in his eightieth year of age, lives
on the oldhome place.

Andrew Crooks, born in Berkley County, Vir-
ginia, in 1750, and Mary, his wife, of the same
place, born in 1757, came to this region and set-
tled on a part of section six, near the site now oc-
cupied by Newtonville, in the year 1800. His
son George, now eighty-seven years old, lives
on the "old home place." The same year, came
also John Axline, from Bucks County, Pa., and
settled on the southeast quarter of section thirty-
four. George Crooks, John Smith and John Ax-
line, are the three oldest of the pioneers now liv-
ing.

INDEPENDENCE DAY.

In view of the few settlers mentioned, it would
certainly excite the curiosity of the reader to be
told that the anniversary of the Nation's birthday
was celebrated in Newton toWnship at this early
period ; and yet such is the narrative detailed by
"the oldest inhabitants" of to-day ; and they
add, "the celebration was in a grove, east of the
place now known as Newtonville, on "the Nolan
farm," where William Rankin now resides.
There is a beautiful grove, and "ye hardy pio-
neers" from the region round about, assembled
and rejoiced, singing :

" Our father's God to thee —
Author of liberty;

To thee we sing,
Long may our land be bright,
With freedom's holy light,
Protect us by thy might.

Great God, our King."

The orator of the day, was Andrew J. Cop-
land, of Zanesville. The Declaration of Inde-
pendence was read b}' Joseph Monroe, a relative
of James Monroe, the fifth President of the United
States. Everybody celebrated. There was a

342

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

"feast of reason and a flow of soul," and it is
said that many were almost too full for utterance.
Those days of lang syne are cherished,
with many a fond recollection, by George
Crooks, John Axline, John Smith, and Mrs. E.
Counce, the only known survivors.

In the fall of the year 1800, Andrew Crooks
gave the use of a lot of ground on his place for
a school house, and William McElree, a Scotch-
man of rare practical sense, and thorough edu-
cation, consented to become the teacher. This
was a condescension, in view of the primitive
state of architecture, and furnishing ; but then he
was there as an adventurer, seeking his fortune,
and accepted the situation ; and now, having en-
tered upon the subject of schools, for conven-
ience, we shall narrate what has been given to
us on this matter, at this time. "The school
house up Buckeye," was built in 1800, and called
by some, "the Springer School House," because
it was built on Jacob Springer's place — the same
now owned by S. D. Springer, south of Union-
town. Timothy Wheeler was the first teacher,
and was succeeded by Thomas H. Dalson.
About this time, there was a school house on the
Abbott place, half a mile east of the site now oc-
cupied by Newtonville. Mrs. Rankin remem-
bers attending this school, which was taught by
John Matthews. When the creek was up, they
had to cross on logs ; at other times she rode on
horseback, with a little sister in her lap and an-
other on behind.

Daniel Poe taught school in "the old log
cabin," on the Rankin place, in 1810. The fol-
lowing persons are remembered as a part of "the
class of 1820" : Noah Tanner, James D. Wal-
pole, Luke Walpole, and Mary Walpole.

The Uniontown School was organized in Ful-
tonham in the year 1818.

The Lamb School House, a neat and substan-
tial structure, was built near where the Crook's
School House stood, and so named in honor of
its principal patron. This institution of learning,
in turn, gave way for the Walpole School House,
on the old Athens road, about four miles east of
Roseville. Contemporary with this school, was
that on " the Maysville Pike," about one mile
west of Newtonville, taught by George Spencer,
deceased. Jonathan Hatcher, Jonas Burton, and
Mrs. Eliza Rankin, attended this school.

The first common school was opened in Union-
town, in 1848, and flourished until 1852, and was
under the supervision of the Rev. William M.
Ferguson, President of the School Board. The
schools prior to this date, were known as sub-
scription schools. With the inauguration of the
free, or common school system, pay schools dis-
appeared almost entirely. For our account of
the common schools, the reader is referred to the
annual report of the Superintendent of common
schools of Muskingum County.

Jacob Baker, Benjamin Croy, Daniel Horn
and Peter Pauley settled in this township about
1805.

In 1802, Dr. Kent came and located near
where Newtonville is now ; he was a squatter ;

Kent's Run was named by him. What becaine
of him, is not now known ; it is presumed he did
not follow his profession, as Dr. Mathews, oi
Putnam, generally practiced here.

Election Day. — The first regular election, in
Newton Township, was held at the house of Wil-
liam Fellows, west of Newtonville, in the desig-
nation of to-day. William Lawrence was the
acting constable, and Jacob Crooks became the
first Justice of the Peace. No record of these
events has been found in the records in Zanes-
ville, or in the township. Tradition further says,
Isaac Carter was a Justice of the Peace in an
early day, and William Anderson was elected a
Justice of the Peace in 1823, and continued to
serve in that capacity, about twenty years. _

The township was organized, in the spring of
1802. Benjamin Redman, John Beckwith and
Andrew Crooks were the first township Trustees,
and Isaac Carter was the first clerk.

The first election after organization, was held
in the house of Alexander Nolan, situated south-
east of the site since occupied by Newtonville.
Alexander Nolan was the first Justice of the
Peace, and William McElree the first consta-
ble.

There is no record of the organization of this
township, or of the election, spoken of here, to
be found in the County Commissioner's Journal.
The earliest record of any kind by that body,
was dated March 2d, 1807.

The present Trustees- of Newton township, are
Andrew Dugan, Marcellus Prince and Isaac
Kraft.

The First Tavern. — The public spirit of
Andrew Crooks, induced him to extend his hos-
pitality to the wayfarer, and his house became
known as " Crook's Tavern," as early as 1804.
Six men and two women were present at " the
raising" of this house, viz.: Henry Crooks,
David Olive, Joseph Carpenter, Isaac Martin.
Solomon Hodge, John Mathias, Peggy Carpen-
ter and Marj' Ci'ooks. The accomodations of
" the tavern," were plain and substantial. The
floor furnished the bedstead, and wild beasts
their skins for covering. The food was always
palatable and plenty. A traveler who so-
journed with Mr. Crooks, was so favorably im-
pressed, that he resohed to make his home at a
neighborly distance, and thus the name of Chaun-
cey Ford was added to the list of pioneers; he
located near Roseville, in 1804 ; his daughter-in-
law, Mrs. J. I. Ford, informs the writer that
there were no houses between there and Putnam,
and that George Crooks cut a road from Powell's
Mill to where he lived. Mr. Crooks continued
to keep this tavern for nearly half a century ; he
died in 1849, aged seventy-one.

The first store in the township was kept by
Isaac James, on Jonathan's Creek ; date not
known.

The first road was I'cut in 1805, from Putnam
to intersect the Zane Trace in Perry County, and
passed through the township diagonally from
the northeast corner to the southwest corner, or
nearly so. George M. Crooks remembers that

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

343

Dr. Increase Mathews laid out the road from
Putnam to the bridge over Jonathan's creek, and
that his father cut the road from Putnam to
Perry county ; that the Indians used the Zane
trail, which is a little south of this ; that the ma-
jority of the red skins had gone in 1800, taking
the direction of Sandusky, and that those re-
maining, were Shawanese, and presumed they
all were. And that the Indians were friendly.
If any of the "pale faces" were sick, the red
man would go into the -woods and gather herbs
and roots for medicine for them, and always took
a portion themselves before giving any to their
white neighbor, to show that it was not poison-
ous. Nor did they stop here, for they shared their
game with the whites. Andrew Crooks was a
hunter, and had hunters hired, and this, perhaps,
had its influence, as it is common for men who
follow the chase, to fraternize in this way.
George Crooks remembers that game was so
abundant that wild turkeys were killed with
stones, it being deemed a waste of ammunition
to shoot them.

When Andrew Crooks came to Zanesville,
there was but one house at Cambridge and one
near Lancaster, and they were the homes of
his nearest neighbors. His daughter, Nancy
Crooks, was the first white girl that came to
Zanesville. He remembers that his uncle Hen-
ry had his wife with him, and that they had no
children. And when his mother came to New-
ton township, she had not seen the face of a
white woman for nine months. And that his
parents came to this region on horseback, camp-
ing at night, and turning their horses loose after
belling them. His uncle Henry went west, while
Jacob was sheriff, (1808-12). He remembers
that William McCul'lock, who married the half-
breed daughter of Isaac Zane, was killed during
the war of 1812, "out west." And that there
were no settlers here when Andrew Crooks came
to Newton, ie., those who were here did not
mean to stay, and called themselves squatters.
Joseph Carpenter and Mathew Gillespie were of
this class, and they moved off as the country
settled. George M. Crooks was born May 9th,
1795, and was three years old when his parents
arrived at Zanesville." Lewis Nye built the first
hewed log house in this section, about 1809, on
ground now a part of Newtonville. He cleared
the first field and planted corn on section nine,
in 1804, now the G. W. Rankin estate. Mrs.
Eliza Rankin, consort of G. W. Rankin, de-
ceased, whose maiden name was Nye, says her
father and David Olive bought the half section
that Jennings had entered, but could not pay for
in the time allotted by the Government. David
Ohve died from the bite of a rattlesnake, the
same year, (1804), and he had a coffin, a very
unusual thing in this region in those days ;
people being buried, nearly always, in elm bark,
lined with grass, and the ends stuffed with moss.
This was the case with a man named Davis, and
another, and a woman named Palmer, and three
children, who came over the Falls in a canoe and
were drowned, and were buried in elm bark slips.

The first grist and saw mill in this region
was probably built by Moses Plummer, and was
situated on Jonathan's creek, near the site more
recently occupied by Crook's bridge, about one
mile east of the site now Union Town. During
1807, James Jeffries had a mill, perhaps on the
site now occupied by the C. & M. V. Railway
station. A third mill was built about the same
place m 1808, by Isaac and Caleb Jones. In
181 2, the Crook's Mill was built, and the first
Post Office in the township was kept there by
Jacob Crooks, the proprietor. In 1818, Jacob
Smith employed John Herrington to put up a
saw mill for him, on the site occupied by the
Jeffries mill. This mill was leased to John
Smith, in 1826, and it, too, was burned. Moses,
Caleb, and Isaac Jones built a mill on the creek
where Powell lives, about the year 1840.

The large and flourishing mill of Wells
brothers, is on the site formerly occupied by the
Crook's bridge.

During 1812, Jacob Funk, the blacksmith,
opened his shop on a part of the site that became
the nucleus of Union Town. He was a skilled
workman, and made swords for the soldiery of
"the war of 1812 ;" also made dies for printing
scrip, a kind of money in common use in those
days, and corresponding to the "shin-plasters"
of later times. During this year also, another
son of Vulcan set up his anvil in the new settle-
ment, and Jacob Funk had a rival in William
Bash. These worthies rang out their anvils in
chorus, early and late, and forged for the deni-
zens of the distant forests, as well as the villages.
Thomas Brown started his fire in 1838. Gabriel
Keys, a pioneer blacksmith in Newtonville, is
regarded a good workman, in spite of his
weight of years.

The whiskey mills were an institution second
only in importance to the flour mill, in the esti-
mation of "ye pioneer." John Leonard and
Anthony Mauk are said to have been the first
in this region to engage in the manufacture of
whiskey. Jacob Crooks had a "distillery" near
Union Town in 1815 ; J. M. Adams was his
"First Lieutenant." John Watermire had a
"worm " on his place about the same time.

There is no account of any revenue derived
fi-om this business, and it is probable they paid
no tax. On dit, that whiskey was purer and
cheaper then than now.

THE FIRST TANNERY.

The first tannery was built by Benjamin Red-
man, who came in 1810. It was located just
west of the bridge over Jonathan's creek.

■John Hendricks established his tanyard on
Jonathan's creek, near Uniontown, "in an early
day." His son, Thomas A.,' became Governor
of Indiana.

OLD time's VISITS.

In this, as in every abode of men, there were
shadows, as well as sunshine ; and it seems trite
to say more than that there never was an Eden
"old Time" did not enter with his scythe, even

344

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

among the fairest flowers, and so it came to pass
that the necessity was felt that a regular ceme-
tery be set apart. It was located on Benjamin
Croy's place, on Buckeye.

The first person buried there, was Peter Pau-
ley, in May, 1815 ; the second interment was
Peter Crooks, in June, of the same year.

THE FIRST BIRTHS.

The first births in Newton township, were, a
son to Joseph Carpenter, in 1804, and one to
John Crooks, March 30th, 1806.

Porter & Hook opened a store near Crook's
bridge, in 18 13 or 18 14. G. W. Rankin started
a store, on the Rankin place, in 1838. This was
the first store in Newton villa.

The first salt well was boi-ed by Mr. S. Len-
hart, in 1815, a little south of. the site now occu-
pied by Uniontown, and demonstrated that salt
could not be made there in paying quantities.

Uniontown was laid out by John Porter and
Henry Hummell, in 1815. The first store, and
tavern, were kept by John Porter. Several
houses had been built on the site, before the vil-
lage was laid out.

UNIONTOWN DIRECTORY, 1 88 1.

Blacksmiths— C. H. H. Panmore, D. Phillips,
J. W. Pherson, E. Rudolph.

Boot and shoe makers — A. R. Keyes, Henry
Zeigler.

Carriage and wagon makers — ^Jasper Willison,
Thomas O'Neil.

Drugs and fancy goods — C. B. Pauley, Bugh
& Carter.

Dry goods — Pauley & Breckbill.

Groceries — "Sep" Axline.

Physicians— John Watkins, E. Van Atta, J.
C. Axline.

Churches — Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Pres-
byterian.

Academy — -Fultonham Academy.

Societies — Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows ; Muskingum Lodge, No. 368, F. and A. M.

The Zanesville "Express," of September 23d,
1818, contains the following advertisement:

"WOOLEN MILLS, OR CLOTIIIERS' WORKS.

"The subscriber informs the public that his
clothiers' works are in operation, on Jonathan's
creek, being the works formerly owned by Jolin
Harrington, and now by John Slack — about four
miles from Zanesville.

"He will receive cloth at the houses of An-
drew Crooks, Jacob Crooks, David Tipton, Levi
Chapman, and at my house, in Putnam, to which
places the cloth will be returned, when dressed ;
having such a stock of dye-stuff, and workmen
who so well understand the business, as to be
able to form every color desired.

"He will receive wheat, rye, corn, oats, flax-
seed, beans, etc., in payment.

"S. H. Raymenton."

Newton Township, Sept. 23, 1818.

Newtonville is situated near the site of the old
log school-house. The limits have since been
extended so as to take that site in, and it is now
occupied by a neat, frame, school building.

The first store kept in this town, was by A.
Weller & Co., about 1852. This site is now oc-
cupied by the general store, and postoflice, kept
by Andrew Wilson Dugan, who, for the last ten
years, has met the wants of the community, in
merchandise, and, as Postmaster, has become so
favorably known.

Mr. A. Keyes, the venerable blacksmith, came
here and built his fire, some thirty years ago,
and is now assisted by his son, who is also Town-
ship Clerk.

J. C. Gillespie, a native of this township, has
lived about sixty years amid the scenes of his
childhood, esteemed by all who know him.
James Llewellyn, his cotemporary, shares the
confidence of the people with him.

The present population of Newtonville is about
two hundred.

The Methodist Episcopal Church is ably sup-
plied by Rev. A. Rickets, and, attached to the
church, is a flourishing Sunday School.

William Rankin and his wife, Mary Elizabeth,
parents of George Rankin, of Newtonville, came
from Ireland, and settled near the town of later
period, in 1820. That they were lured to come
by the glowing descriptions of their American
Paradise, is not improbable, as perhaps no re-
gion in Southeastern Ohio was more beautiful ;
and to this he added the enthusiastic admiration
for American freedom which thrills, especially,
those who have once known the absence of it in
their natal home. But it is more likely that their
affection for their children, whom they followed
to this country, dominated every other sentiment.
And this whole-heartedness soon made him pop-
ular in his new home, where, in 1830, he was
elected Justice of the Peace, and filled that office
several terms. He died in 1848, at the advanced
age of eighty. His widow and sons, Grafton
and Charles, moved to Barnesville, where she
died.

POTTERY.

The first pottery, for stone-ware, was started
in 1814, bj' Jacob Rosier, on a place now owned

bj' Rankin. The next was started by A.

Ensminger, about 1828. In 1874, Harrison Sut-
tle started a pottery in Newtonville, running
three wheels.

The pottery of Joseph Rambo is situated in
the extreme northwest corner of Newton town-
ship, near Gratiot road, and was built in 1863,
at an expense of about four hundred dollars, in-
cluding the shop and kiln. Mr. Rambo has had
to employ an average of three hands, including
himself. The average number of gallons of
pottery made, per year, has been about forty
thousand, worth, in the market, from three and
one-half to eight cents per gallon. The kinds
of ware made consist of jugs, jars, pans, and
churns, and they are remarkable for durability,
neatness of pattern, and finish.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

345

The clay will also make a superior fire-brick.
Mr. Rambo has some in his grate that has
stood well for ten years.

GOSHEN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Goshen Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized in 1830, by Rev. John Goshen, assist-
ed by Rev. Morris Chandler. Among the mem-
bers were Amos Reese, Nehemiah Bell, John
Hoover, L. Adamson, B. Dezelem, John Rose,
Jacob Mauk, Edward Rose, Jonas Burton, Mrs.
Vicars, Mrs. Lydia Stokely, and Susan Warner.

The society erected a hewed log house of woi--
ship in 1835, thirty-five by forty feet, on Mt.
Goshen, five miles east of Roseville, on the
Athens road.

The following is as nearly a correct list of
those who have served this church in the min-
istry as memory will afibrd :

Rev. J. Gilruth, James Gurley, Samuel Ham-
ilton, J. D. Chase and L. Douty.

From the date of organization up to the time
of the formation of " The Bell Church" on
Brush Creek, in 1848, and the church at Rose-
ville in 1846, the Goshen Church prospered, but
soon after these subtractions it began to wane,
and in 1852 the conference decided to disband
the society, and it was merged into other
churches.

The Methodist Episcopal Chuixh of Union-
town was organized about 1830, by the Rev's.
Samuel Hamilton and James Gilruth. Among
the members at this time were Henry Roberts,
Isaiah Gardner, John Bowers, Jonathan Hatcher,
Judge John McElhaney, and their families.

They worshiped from house to house, and in
school houses, until 1840, when they erected a
commodious frame sti'ucture — rather hastily —
just after a camp meeting, which stood until an-
other more substantial and suitable was built, in
1875 ; and recently they have built a new church,
with a cupola and bell.

Rev's. I. Longman and M. V. B. Bing were
associate pastors in 1848, and Rev. James Jami-
son the Presiding Elder. The present preacher
in charge is Rev.B. F. Thomas. The membership
is about eighty. There has always been a Sun-
day School connected with the church.

The first cemetery in Uniontown was formally
set apart for the pui-pose in 1830 ; and the first
person buried there was Thomas Hardy, May
19' 1835. _

Andrew Dugan started his tannery m 1835,
and is still in the business. And during this
year Caleb Hitchcock started his store ; it was
where John Ungemach lives.

Stofel Lenhart started a saw mill, a little south-
west of Newtonville, in 1835. 'The mill was
owned by Alfred Mathews in i860 ; he then sold
it, moved to Putnam and died, the same year.

The Uniontown Baptist Church was organized
July 2, 1842, by Rev. Levi Sigfred. The Dea-
cons elected at that time were Benjamin Moore
and William Moore. The membership numbered
eighteen. The trustees were Ezra Madden, E.
B. Lake and Benjamin Moore. Rev. W. Dan-

iels is the present pastor, and Ezra Madden and
K. W. Moore are the Deacons. The present
number of communicants is about fifty. They
have a neat frame church, thirty-five by forty-five,
thirteen feet high, with cupola fifty feet high, from
the ground, and a good bell. The* trustees are
at present E. B. Lake, Emmanuel Bough and W.
Moore.

The Presbyterian Church of Uniontown was
organized, by Rev. H. C. McBride, November
28, 1848, with about twenty-eight members.
Samuel Milhouse and John Reed were chosen
Ruling Elders, and John Smoch was elected
Deacon. Rev. H. C. McBride solicited and
obtained about six hundred dollai-s, (traversing
parts of six counties), to purchase a lot and erect
a church in Uniontown, which was accomplished
within a year from the date of organization.
About this time. Rev. Wm. Ferguson came to
the church, and a neat little house of worship
(35x45) was erected under his superintendence.
Rev. M. A. Beamer is the present Pastor. Wm.
Carter and J. Wilkins are the Elders, and D.
Hugins and James Slach are the Deacons. The
membership numbers forty seven.

This township was united with the world at
large, by the advent of the Cincinnati and Mus-
kingum Valley Railroad, which, passing
through, opened its station in 1853, and with
"the rest of mankind," the following year, by
telegraph, introduced by that company.

The Dunkards built a church on Mount
Goshen, four miles east of Roseville, in i860.
John Roberts was a zealous member of that de-
nomination, and preached at his own house a
long time before the church was built. Elijah
Horn, John Stoneburner, old Mrs. Horn,
John Roberts and wife, and Manley Roberts,
were among the early members.

John Roberts died from injuries received by
his horses running away, while he was hauling
lumber.

The Dunkard Church was built by subscrip-
tion in the community, and was to be free for all
Christian Denominations, when not used by the
Dunkards ; this condition was set forth in the
subscription paper ; but as Mr. Roberts died be-
fore the meeting house was completed, and it
was finished by Elijah Horn, this provision was
ignored, Mr. Horn refusing to permit other de-
nominations to use it, and it is now a solitary
monument of the existence of that peculiar
people.

The Methodist Protestant Church was organ-
ized in 1865, by Rev. John Burns, in the Powell
School House, with the following members :
Jeremiah Springer and wife, Josephus Powell and
wife, Mrs. Mary Hall, Charlotte Hall, and others
whose names are not remembered at this time,
and as no record was made of the event we are
constrained to this meagerness, for want of suffi-
cient witnessing in other details. The society
erected a neat frame house of worship, thirty-
five by forty-five feet, having a cupola with bell
in it ; the church was located in the beautiful
grove near Powell's mill, on the Roseville road.

346

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

THE INDEPENDENT ORDEIi OF ODD FELLOWS.

A Lodge was instituted in Fultonham, in 1855,
with the following charter members : P. H.
Grimsley, Isaac Wilson, John Smith, S. K.
Ream, J. Denisom, Jerry Zeigler, W. Williams,
Jeremiah Burgess, G. W. Smitley, T. R.
Wilson. Noble Grand, P. H. Grimsley; Vice
Grand, Isaac Wilson ; Secretary, John Smith ;
Treasurer, S. K. Ream; R. S. N. G., J. Dan-
isom ; L. S. N. G., Jerry Zeigler ; R. S. V. G.,
W. WilHams ; L. S. V. G., Jeremiah Burgess;
I. J., G. W. Smitley ; O. G., T. R. Wilson.

The present officers are as follows : N. G.,
John Sagle ; V. G., A. R. Keys ; R. S., Joseph
Rose; P. S., A. E. Henderson; Treasurer,
Wm. Huggens.

The number of Past Grands in attendance is
twenty-five, viz : John Watkins, E. Van Atta,
J. Smitley, J. Zeigler, A. E. Henderson, Jose-
phus Powell, Edmund Rudolph, John Dollins,
Joseph Llewellyn, J. H. Crooks, James Barnet,
Isaac Barnet, O. H. Norman, H. C. McLain, J.
H. Beachem, W. Curry, Washington Day, G.
W. McLain, F. M. Frederick, S. B. AxHne, G.
A. Hays, Frank Stires, D. J. Johnson, R. B.
Jones, W. J. Roberts. The membership now
numbers 85.

MUSKINGUM LODGE, NO. 368, F. AND A. M.

This Lodge was organized June 23d, A. L.
5866, A. D. 1866.

The first officers of Muskingum Lodge, No..
368, working under Dispensation, June 15th, A.
L., 5866, A. D. 1866, were as follows :

George Brunner, W. M. ; W. C. Lenhart, S.
W. ;DavidCrossan, J. W. ; J. Ziegler, Treasurer ;
George W. Fauley, Secretary ; A. C. Brechbill,
S. D. ; Wm. SniflF, J. D. ; H. A. Stanton, Tiler.

The other brethren named in the Dispensation,
were as follows :

John Crooks, C. P. Ensminger, G. J. Keyes,
Noah Moore, Joseph Rambo, E. Vanatta.

The first officers of Muskingum Lodge, No.
368, after receiving the Charter, October, i6th,
A. L., 5866, A. D., 1866, were as follows :

W. C. Lenhart, W. M. ; A. C. Brechbill, S.
W. ; G. J. Keyes, J. W. ; J. Ziegler, Treasurer ;
Geeorge W. Fauley, Secretary ; Wm. Sniff, S.
D. ; David Crossan, J. D. ; H. A. Stanton,
Tiler.

The members of this Lodge were as follows :

George Brunner, W. li. Bugh. John Crooks,
S. Chilcote,J. H. Cunningham, C. P- Ensmin-
ger, Noah Moore, Joseph Rambo, E. Vanatta.

The present officers of this Lodge are as fol-
lows :

A. C. Brechbill, W. M. ; W. H. Bugh, S. W. ;
Benjamin J. Dugan, J. W. ; A. Carter, W. R. ;
C. H. H. Panmore, Treasurer; J. B. Carson,
Secretary.

The meetings are held over C. B. Fauley's
drugstore.

The organization is under many obligations to
S. Stacker Williams, of Newark, Ohio, whom it
looks to as the father of the institution. The
membership now numbers forty-five.

FULTONHAM ACADEMY.

This Academy was chartered in 1880, as "The
Fultonham Academy," with the following Board
of Incorporation :

Rev. B. F. Thomas, President of Board ;
George Axline, Treasurer; Dr. E. Van Atta,
Vice President ; W. IL Bugh, Chas. E. Weller,
George W. Fauley, James Cusac ; D. W. Parks,
Principal and Secretary.

This school originated in 1870, under the
Special School District Board ; Dr. E. Van Atta,
Dr. O. M. Norman and Jeremiah Zfeigler, Esq. ;
with A. W. Search, teacher in the Public
School.

The building is of brick, two stories and a
basement, 40x60 feet, and has one acre of ground
in the enclosure. The total cost was $10,000.
The outlay for apparatus, $500 ; for library, $750.

Teachers. — The Academy will be under the
immediate charge of the Principal, Prof. D. W.
Parks, a graduate of the Classical Course of
Ohio University, late Principal of Madison
Academy, formerly Principal of Fostoria Normal
School, and such assistant teachers as may be
necessary to meet the wants of the Academy.

Books. — All books used in the Academy may
be "obtained there at reasonable rates.

Boarding. — Boarding in private families, or
in clubs, can be obtained on the most reasonable
terms.

Location. — The institution is located at Ful-
tonham, now known as Uniontown, Muskingum
county, Ohio, on the Zanesville and Maysville
Pike, nine miles southwest of Zanesville. Daily
mail and hack connect Fultonham with Zanes-
ville and Somerset, from which points any part
of the State may be easily reached by rail.
Roseville Station, on the C. & M. V. Railway,
is within five miles. The institution is thus of
easy access, and at the same time free from the
influences usually surrounding railroad towns.

NEWTON TOWNSHIP GEOLOGICALLY.

The Chief Geologist, Pi-of. J. S. Newbery,
reporting progress in the survey in 1869, notes
as follows :

"At Gladstone's Mill, near Newtonville, we
find a limestone in the bed of the North Fork of
Jonathan's creek, which is believed to be the
same as the Maxville limestone. The bottom of
the stone was not seen, but a well dug in the
villiige passed through fifteen feet of limestone.
The upper layer shows a chocolate tint. It is re-
ported that this limestone is seen for five miles,
in Jonathan's creek, above Newtonville, and dis-
appears one mile below. On Kent's run, w^hich
joins the North Fork of Jonathan's creek at
Newtonville, it is said to be seen for nine miles.
About fifty feet above the limestone at Glad-
stone's Mill, was found a stratum of sandstone
fifteen inches thick, on which are very fine im-
pressions of marine plants, Spirophyton Caudi-
galli, etc., etc., and mingled with "these were
well defined stigmarice of the coal measures
plants. They had beeri a,ll drifted, together and
embedded in sand.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

347

"The upper limestone, "(Putnam Hill") was
also seen in its proper place, higher up the hill,
with the usual coaly matter under it.

"A section of the rocks, near Cusac's Mill, on
Jonathan's creek, showed an unusually bluish,
and fine grained sandstone, about thirty feet be-
low the limestone, believed to be the Putnam
Hill limestone. It has been much quarried and
used, although it has not always weathered well.
As a general thing, the shales largely prevailed,
and it is in consequence of this fact that we so
often find that where the streams have, in their
work of erosion, succeeded in cutting down
through the Putnam Hill limestone, they have,
in all cases where the fall makes it possible,
scored their way through the shales to the top
of the Maxville, or Newtonville limestone. This
is very well seen in the neighborhood of New-
tonville. On John Lyle's land, section fourteen,
the lower seam, three feet ten inches thick, is ex-
tensively mined. There is a layer of nodular
iron ore a few feet below the upper coal, which
we will notice hereafter. The iron ores, so far as
they have been examined, are of the siderite (proto
carbonate of iron) class, the exterior surfaces
which have been exposed to atmospheric agencies
only being changed to the sesqui oxide of iron.

" The carbonic acid might, in some cases,
have originated in marine vegetation, which, in
the form of facoids, of the type of sfirofhyton
Cauda galli, was abundant at certain periods dur-
ing the formation of this lower coal measure
group. There is a tendency to the formation of
flint, in connection with the layers of iron ore,
found about thirty feet below the Putnam Hill
limestone. This stratum is far below the flint, or
buhr, of Flint Ridge.

"At the mines of the Miami Company, the up-
per seam measures four feet, and the other, which
is twenty-two feet below, measures three feet ten
inches. The coal is largely used.

IRON ORES.

"It is almost impossible to make a section of the
lower strata of the productive coal measures, at
any place, in the field included in this report,
without disclosing more or less iron ore. There
are a few distinct and well defined horizons in
which the ore is almost always seen. On the top
of the Maxville limestone, iron ore was seen at
several points. On section fourteen, on the farm
of Joseph Rambo, nodules of iron ore were found
resting upon the great Maxville, or Newtonville,
limestone. No analysis was made of this, but
probably it is an excellent ore.

"At nearly the same geological horizon, on the
land of Mr. Rambo, are two small layers of sid-
erite ore, separated by one foot seven inches of
light blue clay-shale, the lower two inches, and
the upper three or four inches thick.

"On the land of John Lyle, section fourteen, a
layer of nodules of iron ore, three inches thick,
was found, resting upon a stratum of calcareous
feriferous flint, which, in turn, rests upon, or
rather, is cemented to a seam, fifteen inches thick,
of blue limestone, under which are three inches

of coal. The surface of the flint stratum is cov-
ered with impressions of the marine plant, s-pir-
o-phy ton Cauda gain. , allied species. Fifteen feet
above is a thin layer of sandstone, with the same
vegetable impressions upon it."

In the Report for 1873, by E. B. Andrews, As-
sistant Geologist in charge of the survey for the
Second District, which embraces Muskingum
county, reference is made to the Report for 1869,
and the following is added :

"The limestone in the bed of Jonathan's creek,
the equivalent of the Maxville limestone, and the
best representative in the State ot the lower car-
boniferous limestone of Illinois and Missouri, is a
deposit of very great scientific interest. This for-
mation extends several miles above Newtonville,
on all the leading branches of the creek. In
places, the upper layers are buff" colored, and an
analysis of the sample taken near J. Roberts',
section fourteen, showed the presence of consid-
erable magnesia. I copy the analysis, by Prof.
Wormley, from former Report :

Silicious matler 15.20

Alsemina and sesqui oxide of iron 4.40

Carbonate of lime 49.80

Carbonate of magnesia 30.65

Total 100.05

"Probably the whiter and purer portions ot the
stone contain little else than carbonate of lime.
Experiments should be tried with the buff" stone,
to determine the value of its lime for hydraulic
purposes.

"The fossiliferous limestone, eighty feet above
the limestone in the bed of the creek, is not the
Putnam Hill limestone ; the latter is sevent5^-two
feet higher. Sixty-three feet above this is the
lower New Lexington coal, mined at the Miami
Company's mines, in section twenty-eight. The
upper New Lexington seam, the equivalent of the
Straitsville, or Nelsonville seam, is also mined at
the same mines. The seams are twenty-two feet
apart. The lower one is three feet ten inches
thick, and the upper one four feet. The coal is
generally of excellent quality. I have no doubt
that there are in this township workable seams of
good iron ore. Such ores are found north and
east, and will be found here, when careful search
is made."

HARRISON TOWNSHIP.

THE FIRST SETTLER PIONEERS BLACKSMITH

FIRST TAVERN FIRST STORE SCHOOLS FIRST

FRAME HOUSE FIRST BRICK HOUSE FIRST

ROAU— DAM ACROSS THE MUSKINGUM AT TAY-
LORSVILLE GRIST MILL FERRY MANUFAC-
TURE OF SALT TOPOGRAPHY SOIL GEOLOGY

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH TAYLORSVILLE

M. E. CHURCH TAYLORSVILLE- — ST. ANNA's

(catholic) church ORGANIZATION OF TOWN-
SHIP TAYLORSVILLE CANAL THE METHODIST

PROTESTANT CHURCH BLUE ROCK M.E. CHURCH

TAYLORSVILLE LODGE, NO. 534, I. O. O. F.

TAYLORSVILLE BRIDGE ST. JOHN's EVANGEL-
ICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH MILITARY RECORD.

The first settler in Harrison township may not

348

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

be certainly stated, but in 1798, a family named
Bean, inhabited a large sycamore tree, that stood
near the mouth of Back run. Other families came
soon after, among whom were the Larrisons, Far-
leys, and Cobbs. These were followed by Na-
thaniel Ayers, Samuel McBride, James Hemmet,
Henry Ballou, James Neff, and Thomas Winn.
In 1804, George Dutro lived on section seventeen ;
Jacob Baker came about this time. John W. Bseer
was probably the first blacksmith in this town-
ship. William B. Rose had a shop on Duncan's
run, in 1827, and afterwards on "the island,"
where he smithed for James Taylor during the
erection of the mills. He was killed during the
fall of 1835, by Robert Annan. James Curran
lived in a small frame house situated on what is
now lot twenty-five, square twenty-nine, Tay-
lorsville, and kept tavern in 1830. The first store
in Harrison township was kept by Gearing Scar-
veil, who commenced in a small way, about 1833,
and gradually increased until he was the owner
of a fine store, and is still doing business in Tay-
lorsville. The first regular cemetery was estab-
lished in Taylorsville in 1833.

SCHOOLS.

Prior to the adoption of the common school law
in Ohio, schools were taught in private houses,
or in houses erected by a neighborhood for their
individual advantage, shared, by agreement, by
their neighbors, who shared the expense, The
first public school-house, of which any authentic
account is preserved, was a.two-story frame, erect-
ed on the public square, in Taylorsville, in 1834.
The teacher was Robert Sheppard.

The first physician was one Bixby, who was
succeeded by "a regular," in the person of Dr.
Noah Z. Mercer. After Mercer, came Drs. Ma-
son, Clapp, Ballou, Wilkins, Huff, McCormick,
Terran, Atwell, Howard, Groves, Suters, Milli-
gan, Blackburn, Lyons, Ulrich, Henry, Dorr,
Richie, and Evans.

The first frame house was erected by James
Taylor, in 1830 ; the first brick house by Amos
F. Whissen, in Taylorsville, in 1836. The first
regular survey of a road was made from Tay-
lorsville to Brush creek. The viewers were, Da-
vid Butt, John Oakes, and Gearing Scarvell.
James Ta}'lor built a dam across the Muskingum
river, at Duncan's Falls, and a saw mill on the
west side of the river, in 1829. The next year he
built a grist mil! at tlu' same place. Tlie dam was
replaced by Colonel James Sliarp, under a con-
tract with the Stale, in 1837-38, (at the time the
navigation of the Muskingimi n\cr was improv-
ed). The grist mill, after passing through sev-
eral hands, and being moved nearer the shore,
became the properl}- of Messrs. W. & W. H.
Frazier. It contains four run of buhrs, and is do-
ing a fair business. Mr.Taj'lor also kept a ferry,
and engaged in the manufacture of salt, and a
number of other enterprises.

Topographically, Harrison township is broken
and rough. Tiie highest elevations contain most
of the limestone. The lowlands are deemed as
productive as an}- lands similarly situated ; some

of the finest farms in the county are found here.
The township is well watered. Sycamore run,
Duncan's run, Back run, and Blue Rock run, all
of which rise in Brush Creek township, flow east-
wardly through Harrison township, and empty
into the Muskingum river. Coal is tolerably
abundant, but mined with difficulty, on account
of "hoi-sebacks" and "shut-outs" occurring in the
seams, and which are sometimes very difficult to
pass through or around, and then there is no cer-
tainty of finding coal beyond them.

GEOLOGY.

The following exhibit is from the report made
by the State Geologist upon a section at Tay-
lorsville :

Feet. Inches.

1. Sandstone, quarried 23 0

2. Not well exposed 54 0

3. Shale 4 0

4. Coal, Alexander seam 2 0

5. Clay 3 0

6. Sandstone 4 0

7. Shale, sandy 3 0

8. Light bluish sandstone, quarried 68 0

9. Shale, blue and sandy 4 0

10. Coal 1 6

11. Clay 0 1

12. Coal 0 10

13. Clay 2 6

At the point where the section was made, the
Alexander coal was unusuall}- thin. It is reported
to be thicker on the east side of the Muskingum
river.

The lower coal in this section, which is the
equivalent of the upper New Lexington, or
Straitsville coal, is worked for neighborhood use.

In section nineteen, Harrison township, at Blue
Rock, but not Blue Rock township, the following
section was made :

Feet. Inches.

1. Sandstone 8 0

2. Shale 2 0

3. Coal 0 C

4. Shale 30 0

5. Coal, Alexiindcr si:iiii,.'i feet U inches to 4 0

The lower Alexander coal has been extensively
mined at this point, and shipped on the Muskin^
gum ri\er to supply the demand of the salt furn-
aces, and the towns on the river below. It was
at this point that the roof of an entry fell in, im-
prisoning four miners, who were rescued alive
after an imprisonment of over thirteen days, dur-
ing which time they had nothing to eat, except
the dinner carried in for the first day. — [Geolog-
ical Report, 1873 ; Volume I, page 332-3. E.
B. Andrews.]

MANUFACTUIiE OF SALT.

In the 3 ear 1816, Jacob and Nathaniel Ayers
bored the first well for salt ; it was located on
Section 10, Town 11, and Range 13, on the west
bank of the river, just above the mouth of Syca-
more Run, and was sunk to a depth of four hun-
dred and eighty-two feet. Subsequently an-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

349

other well was sunk about four hundred feet dis-
tant,and the two wells supplied the furnace ; i.e.,
the evaporating works ; but owing to the primi-
tive style of the machinery employed, were not
very productive.

In the course of time, these wells became the
property of John Stevens, and were known as
the "Stevens Salt Works." The success of
these works, however, is due to Jacob NefF, who
re-bored the old well to a depth of five hundred
and three feet, improved the machinery, and re-
built the furnace.

The works are now operated by Mr. Neff, and
produce about one hundred barrels of excellent
salt per week.

Stephen Guthrie's Salt Works — The wells
at these works are respectively four hundred^nd
eighty-eight, and four hundred and tiinety-five
feet deep, and are situated just below the mouth
of Sycamore Run.

The first well here was sunk by Stephen
Guthrie, for James Taylor, and the second, by
Charles Lucas, for Stephen Guthrie.

The works are now operated by William
Edgely, and produce about one hundred barrels
of salt per week, with a.consumption of one thou-
sand bushels of coal.

Other Wells — About the year 1830, Michael
Waxier bored a well for Moses Ayers, on the
northwest quarter of Section 8, now owned by
Henry Krigbaum. This well was sunk five hun-
dred feet deep, and was operated by Mr. Ayers
for a few years, and then, abandoned.

About the same time, Nehemiah Dillon sunk a
well on Section 32, near where Samuel Swingle
now lives, to a depth of four hundred and fifty
feet. This was called a "blowing" well, from
its periodical emissions of water and gas. How
long it was operated is not now known. There
was also a well just below the last mentioned, call-
ed the "west well."

W. B. Culbertson bored a couple of wells
above this, on Section 30, and Nathaniel Ayers
oneon Section 17, nov/ the Patterson property.

Besides these, other w^lls, "too numerous to
mention," wei'e sunk, few^ of which were produc-
tive, and none of which are now in operation.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

The first evangelist of this denomination, was
Rev. John Russell, who preached to "a hand-
ful of the saints," in the humble dwelling of Ja-
cob Baker. He organized a class at this time,
but we are unable to give the name's of those
who there assembled, and cannot say, with cer-
tainty, what year thdy met, but tradition asserts
that it was about the year 1820. The seed sown
must have fallen on good ground, for the same
authority declares that, about the year 1822, the

Rev. Harding came, and preached three

years, in the same house ; and in 1825, this house
was deemed too small, and they moved to the
Duncan school-house, and were ministered to by
"old Father Hastings" for two years. In 1836,
they were served by Elder Case and others, un-
til, in 1852, they bmlt a hewed log house, on the

premises of Robert Prescott. This house was
built during the administration of Rev. David
Shrader, and its dimensions were twenty-five by
thirty feet. The Trustees were : Shrader, Whit-
aker, Stockdale, and Levi Marcellus.

The society numbered eight or ten members^
Jacob Baker and wife, Stockdale and wife, Pres-
cott and wife, and perhaps several more. They
worshiped in this house until June, 1876, when,
under the second administration of the Rev.
Samuel Whitmore, William Aichle, "Pal" Ba-
ker, and Jacob Eppley, Sr., were constituted a
Board of Trustees, and, in the town of Taylors-
ville, Muskingum county, Ohio, a house, thirty
by forty, was erected, and dedicated on Sabbath,
the 27th of August, 1876, by Rev. William Fish-
er. That year, the Conference sent Reverends
S. F. Altman and Daniel Folk, who took charge
of the congregation. The following year, G.
W. Dearer ministered to them, and was succeed-
ed by J. W. Cummings, now in his second year.
The membership now numbers one hundred and
four, and has a good Sunday School. We are
indebted to J. W. Cummings for the foregoing
data.

TAYLORSVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In the year 1830, Rev. Mr. GoflF organized a
class, at James Hammet's, on Duncan's run,
which was subsequently changed to Taylors-
ville. The members of the first class were:
James Hammet and wife, Peter Sheppard and
wife, James Seright and wife, Daniel Dutro and
wife, James NefF and wife, Silas White and wife,
Robert Sheppard and wife, Robert Prescott, Sr.,
and wife, Sanford Burdott and wife, Lucy Ba-
ker, Jacob Baker, and Rhoda Hammet. The
class-leader was James Hammet.

For several years the meetings were held
in such buildings as could be procured, until
1840, when a meeting-house was erected on lots
six .and seven, block thirty-six. This was a
frame building, forty by fifty, and was dedicated
by Rev. Joseph Trimble. The present number
of members is one hundred and twenty. Lead-
ers— David W. Seright and Aquilla Neflf ; Stew-
ard— E. Jasper Souders.

A Sabbath School, of ninety scholars, is con-
nected with this church ; E. J. Souders, Superin-
tendent.

TAYLORSVILLE .

Taylorsville, the only village in the bounds of
Harrison township, was laid out by James Tay-
lor, in 1833, and received its name from that gen-
tleman. Geai'ing Scarvell was the surveyor,
and one of the first occupants, having resided
on the premises before the town was laid out.
He kept the first store ; James Curran, the first
hotel ; William B. Rose, the first blacksmith
shop ; Humphrey Blake, the first shoe shop, and
James McBride, the first cabinet shop.

The town, at present, contains four churches,
three schools, four stores, five groceries, one tav-
ern, one grist-mill, two saloons, two blacksmith
shops, two tin shops, two shoe shops, one wagon

3SO

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

shop, one barrel factory, and one hundred dwell-
ings.

The postoffice was established here in 1850 ;
Dr. Ferran, Postmaster. The present officials
are as follows :
• Mayor — Oliver Demster.

Councilmen — Henry Moore, Frederick Young,
John Barringer, Hiram Dickas, David Sullivan,
and Adam Kline.

Marshal — Fred. Berkemer.

Treasurer — William Williamson.

Clerk— J. N. Krier.

Postmaster — George Howard.

Taylbrsville is situated on the west bank of the
Muskingum river, and occupies a gravelly bluff,
ninety feet in height. It extends down the river
three-fourths of a mile, and one-half mile back
from the canal. The location is a beautiful and
healthy one. To procure water, wells have to
be sunk to a depth of eighty feet, but, when
reached, it is of excellent quality.

ST. anna's (catholic) church.

Taylorsville was, for a long time, a "mission,"
supplied from Zanesville. In the year 1836,
a church was erected, on lot eight, of block
twenty-nine — a frame structure, twenty-five by
forty. Anthon Eberst was the contractor, and
the building cost one thousand dollars. It was
dedicated by Bishop Purcell.

The. maximum number of members is one hun-
dred and fifty ; present number, seventy-five.

Present pastor — Father Magnus Eppinck.

President — Christian Kussmaul.

Secretary — John H. Basehart.

Treasurer — William Krigbaum.

TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION.

Harrison township was organized December
20th, 1839, '^^ ^^^ following extract from the
Journal of the County Commissioners will show :

"A petition was presented by John Hammond,
signed by a majority of the householders resid-
ing within the boundaries of the proposed new
township, and the Commissioners, being satisfied
that the necessarj^ notice of such intended appli-
cation had been given by advertisement, as re-
quired by law, proceeded to take the matter into
consideration.

"The petition set forth that they labor under
many difficulties and disadvantages, in conse-
quence of the distance and other difficulties they
encounter, in going to and from elections ; and
also praying that a new township may be set off
of parts of Blue Rock, Brush Creek, and Salt
Creek townships ; and the Commissioners, be-
lieving it necessary for the convenience of the
inhabitants and township officers, do hereby or-
der a new township to be set off, according to
the following boundaries, to wit :

"Beginning at the southwest corner of section
number fourteen, in the original surveyed town-
ship number ten, in range number thirteen, and
running thence north to the center of the Mus-
kingum river ; thence following down the center
of said river according to the meanderings

thereof, to the line which divides the counties of
Muskingum and Morgan, thence west on said
line to the place of beginning — all in the Congress
district of lands, which shall constitute a new
township, to be called Harrison township.

"Also ordered by the Commissioners that an
election be held at the house of P. Burk-
halter, in Taylorsville, on the 20th inst, (being
December 20th, 1839,) between the hours of
eight and ten a.m., and close at four p.m., to
elect township officers, according to law."

"December 4th, 1839."

The new township, thus formed, comprised
that portion of Blue Rock township lying west of
the Muskingum river in range twelve, one row of
sections from the eastern part of Brush Creek
township in range thirteen, and one section of
Salt Creek township lying west of the river.

It was named by John Hammond, in honor of
General W. H. Harrison.

The records of the township are lost, and no
account of the first Board of officers can now be
given. The first Justices of the Peace, however,
were J. W. Whisson and William Price.
Solomon Groves and Henry Ballou were also
early dispensers of justice.

The present Board of officers is as follows :

Justices of the Peace — Peter Krier and Martin
Durant.

Trustees — John Lear, Hiram Lucas, and
Hiram Price.

Clerk— Noah M. Shiveley.

Treasurer — Wm. Williamson.

Constables — Jacob F. Berkemer and Samuel
Pryor.

Assessor — William Cohagan.

Land Appraiser — J. P. Weaver.

Board of Education — Hiram Price, Christian
Dreier, Joseph Daw and John McHenrj'.

The township contains seven schools and six
churches, three of the former and four of the
latter being within the limits of the borough of
Taylorsville.

TAYLORSVILLE CANAL.

This canal is a part of the system of "improve-
ments in the navigation of the Muskingum." It
is one mile long, and was built by the State.
Lyons, Buck and Wolf, were the contractors.
Christley Wolf superintended the work, which
was finished in 1840.

The locks are thirty-six feet wide, and two
hundred feet long.

METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

Rev. Nathaniel Linder, in 1842, preciched in
the woods, where Hiram Price now lives, on the
bank of the Muskingum, and organized a class
of fifteen or twenty members, amongst whom
were Robert Welch and wife, also two daughters,
Peter Mohler and family, James Morrison and
wife, Mrs. David Young, Isaiah Dinnis and
wife, Joseph Fish and Robert Twyman.

In 1843, Rev's. J. Huntsman and James Winn,
inaugurated a revival, when the membership was
augmented to one hundred and twelve, and a

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

351

meeting house built near the centre of section
thirty, on the land' of Mathias Young, 24x28,
which stood till 1869, when a new frame build-
ing, 34x38, was erected, at a cost of $1,100.

This church was dedicated in May, 1870, by
Rev's. J. C. Ogle and George H. Hissey.

The present membership is eighty.

The present pastor is Rev. William Sears.

Class Leaders — Hiram Price and F. A. Riley.,

BLUE ROCK METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The first class of this church was formed by
Rev. Samuel Hamilton, with Joseph Kirk as
leader. Other members were, John Hammond
and wife, Frederick Barringer and wife, John
White and wife, James Shaner and wife, John
W. Bear and wife, and Susan* Adams.

The first meeting house was of hewed logs,
20x25, and was erected on section eleven, be-
tween the forks of Blue Rock creek.

The second church building, a frame, 26x30,
was erected near the same place, in 1852.

The maximum membership attained was sev-
enty-five. The present membership does not
exceed forty.

Rev. J. M. Sollars is the present pastor.

John Stecker is Leader, and Lyman Dozer,
Steward.

TAYLORSVILLE LODGE, NO. 534, I. O. O. F.

This Lodge was instituted July 30th, 1872, by
Henry Lindenberg, Special Deputy Grand
Master, with fourteen charter members, as fol-
lows :

Basil Kraig, Oliver Demster, John Mason,
Joseph Baughman, Warren Pitts, Sidney Wag-
staff", William Lucas, Peter Hoppstatter, Phillip
Schaus, James S. Kraig, Zach. Riley, Jacob
Hall, Peter Mast and Robert Longley.

The first officers elected, were as follows :

N. G., Basil Kraig ; V. G., Oliver Demster;
Recording Secretary, J. S. Kraig; Permanent
Secretary, J. R. Peach ; Treasurer, Peter Mast.

When this Lodge was instituted, it met in a
hall leased of Mrs. Dr. Stout, for a term of five
years. Before the expiration of this lease, a new
hall was built, and dedicated July 4th, 1877.
Cost of hall and fixtures $950.

The maximum number of members is seventy-
four. The present number of members is
seventy.

The present officials are as follows :

N. G., Christian Dreier ; V. G., Marion
Erwine; Recording Secretary, John Barber;
Permanent Secretary, John W. Tignor ; Treas-
urer, E. Jasper Souders.

TAYLORSVILLE BRIDGE.

This very necessary public improvement
was projected by Mr. Gearing Scarvell, in
1873, and was intended to be built by subscrip-
tion, but as this would have necessitated making
it a toll bridge, the County Commissioners were
finally induced to assume the responsibility of
making a county bridge, and the work was com-
menced July I, 1874. T, B, Townsend had the

contract for the stone work, which was finished
in the latter part of September of the same year.
The contract for the super-structure was
awarded to the "Smith Bridge Company," of To-
ledo, Ohio, who completed the entire structure
about the middle of November, 1874. This
bridge is seven hundred and ninety-eight feet
long, and sixteen feet wide, supported by four
piers, each thirty-three feet high ; the whole, cost-
ing, when finished, twenty-eight thousand dol-
lars.

ST. John's evangelical Lutheran church.

This church was organized April 11, 1878, by
Rev. Andrew Birch, with- a membership of fifty.
A lot was purchased in Taylorsville, in October,
1878, and a foundation laid for a church building.
The next spring the corner-stone of a building
thirty-six by fifty feet, was laid, a frame church
erected, and dedicated September 28, 1879. '^^^
dedication sermon was preached in German, by
Rev. H. Cramer, of Zanesville, and in English,
by Prof. M. Loy. The cost of the building was
$1 ,000. Present number of members, sixty.

Elders — Jacob Mast and Jacob Leffler.

Deacons — Jacob Harsh and Jacob Maurtz.

Trustees — Peter Weaver and Benjamin Smith.

Pastor — Rev. Andrew Birch.

military record of HARRISON TOWNSHIP.

.Second Regiment O. V. I. — Jackson Nichols,
Isaiah Poland, John Bowman, James H. Shep-
pard, David E. Sheppard, John Lawson, Daniel
Brown, Lewis Young, George Sullivan, Noah
Kincade, John Brown, Henry Sullivan, Josiah
Thompson, Rufus Toll, Lewis Toll, Captain H. .
Lee Anderson, JohnBerkermer, David Lawson,
Christian Hock, Martin W. Sullivan, George
Wolfe, Wesley Miller, George Rush.

Third Regiment O. V. I.— John W. Tigner,
Jacob Shryder, Caleb Nicholas, John Reed.

Fifteenth U. S. Regulars. — John P. Krier,
Phillip Shause, Hiram Lucas, Jr.

Twenty-fourth Regiment O. V. I. — George B.
Howard, James Sullivan, Mountz Nichols, Robt.
Longley, Jacob Longley, George Longley, Wil-
liam Hapton, JohnRiddle, Thomas Lear, James
Savage, George Arndt.

Seventy-eighth Regiment O. V. I. — W. H.
Sullivan, John W. Garrett, David F. Sullivan,
Sullivan L. Bailey, John Kinney.

One Hundred and Twenty-second O. V. I. —
John Hussmaul, George Dennick, Wm. Aichle,
Jacob Urban, Frederick Young, John A. Good,
David Hopslatter, Jerome Romine, Harry D.
Thompson, Rufus G. Mason, Joseph Longley,
George Andrews, John Andrews, Charles Kin-
cade, James Luman, Jos. Frost, Alfred Kincade,
John E. Arndt, Joseph Baughman, Hiram Baugh-
man, Jeremiah Sheppard, Stephen Harrope,
Calvin Thompson, Robert Lawson, Albert Moore,
William H. Sheppard, Robert Hambler, William
Hambler.

Sixteenth Regiment O. V. I. — Jacob Hadley,
John Barber, WilUani Swingle,

352

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

One Hundred and Tenth Regiment O.V. I. —
Anthony Trout, Abram Leffler.

Second West Virginia Cavalry. — Jonathan
Hall, Isaiah Hall, Calvin Bartlett, Alfred Ander-
son.

Fifth Cavalry. — Lewis Epley.

Twelfth Cavalry — Peter Leffler.

Ninet3'-seventh Regiment O. V. I. — Caleb
Monroe, George W. Olden, William D. Weaver,

Charles Sailers, Morrison, Asbury Lu-

man, Henry Romine, James Hankison, Joseph
Emehhoser.

United States Gunboat Service. — Lewis H.
Cockrel, Phillip Dennick, Noah M. Kincade,
George W. Seright, Robert Prescott.

One Hundred Days Service. — Peter Krier,
William Riley, Aquilla Neff, Stephen Neff.

One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Regiment O.
V. I.— William Good.

Ninety-seventh Regiment O. V. I. — George
Swingle, William Franklinburg.

[We are indebted to Mr. J. P. Weaver for the
foregoing list.]

JEFFERSON AND CASS TOWNSHIPS.

DISTINGUISHED PIONEERS CHARACTER OF THE

REGION FOR FARMING SAGACITY OF MR. JON-
ATHAN CASS HIS DISTINGUISHED SONS BRY-
ANT, STILWELL, SETH ADAMS AND OTHER

NOTABLES THE FIRST BIRTH THE WATER

COURSES — EARLIEST ELECTION FIRST MILLS

TAVERNS SALT COAL DISTILLERS PHYSI-
CIANS BLACKSMITHS CEMETERIES CANAL —

BONDS DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP CASS TOWN-
SHIP OFFICERS DRESDEN DRESDEN MAYORS

POST OFFICE — FIRST HOUSES FIRST STORES —

DRESDEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH DRESDEN

PRESBYTERIAN S. S. MASONIC FRIENDSHIP

LODGE, F. AND A. M. SCHOOLS^ BOARD OF

EDUCATION M. E. CHURCH DRESDEN M. E.

SUNDAY SCHOOL ZION EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND

SUNDAY SCHOOL DRESDEN BAPTIST CHURCH

AND SUNDAY SCHOOL — CATHOLIC CHURCH

GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH ODD-FELLOWS

TELEGRAPH BANKS GERMAN M. E. CHURCH

CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL

MILLS — SCHOOLS LIBERTY CHAPEL [CHRIS-
TIAN church] — "hopper's grove" M. E.

CHUKCH PHYSICIANS DISTILLERY ORCH-
ARDS FIRST BRICK HOUSE STORES TAV-
ERNS POST OFFICE RAILROADS DRESDEN

JUNCTION TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

The settlement of this region, by reason of the
subsequent exaltation of some of the pioneers
and their descendents, presents more than ordi-
nary claims to historic interest, as will be seen
by the list. Seth Adams and Major Jonathan
Cass came here in 1799. The latter located forty
land warrants for one hundred acres each, making
four thousand acres. This fact would be quite
sufficient if we had no other, to establish the
claim made to superior soil and adaptation to farm-
ing purposes in general, when we admit, as we

must, the sagacity of Mr. Cass. In i8oi,he
brought his family here, and on this land lived
until August 4, 1830, when he died, aged 77
years, and was buried there. He had three
sons: Lewis, George W., and Charles L.
Lewis became a historic character, whose fame
went beyond the domains of America ; was Gov-
ernor of the territory of Michigan, and filled
with distinction other important offices, civil and
military. George lived quietly on the original
Cass farm, never taking an active part in other
than local politics, although frequently solicited
to ffll State offices. He died in August, 1873,
aged 88. He was the father of Dr. Edward
Cass, of Dresden. Charles L. served with dis-
tinction in the war of 1812. The citizens of
Zanesville presented him with a magnificent
sword for his gallantry at the battle of Fort Erie.
He was the father of Mrs. MaryE. Adams, now
living in Dresden. He died in 1842, and was
buried in the family burying ground, on the old
Cass farm. In 1875, the remains of Major Jona-
than Cass were removed to the Dresden ceme-
tery, by Dr. Edward Cass, and over the remains
of the family in their final resting place has been
erected a magnificent mounument, by the Cass
family. Beneath the name of Jonathan Cass is
this inscription : " He was a soldier at the battle
of Bunker Hill ; an officer of the Revolution,
and of the army, which, under General Wayne,
gave peace to the frontier. From New England,
he emigrated to this part of the wilds of the
Northwestern Territory. On the military land
he purchased, he lived a peaceful and quiet life
thirty years, until death claimed him for a vic-
tim."

Isaac Cordray and his son George came sbon
after. Mordecai Ogle came in 1802, and settled
on the farm now owned b}' Mrs. Mary E. Cox,
about half a mile northeast of the village of Dres-
den. George Dowell came early in 1804. His
daughter, Mrs. Mary Ogle, was living in the
township in 1880, in her 78th year.

Joseph Bryant came in 1818 ; Daniel Stilwell
about the same time ; Simeon and Leonard Wil-
son came in 1820. Mr. Seth Adams is credited
by tradition with bringing the first blooded sheep
into the United States, into Ohio, and into this
section of the country. They were full blooded
Merinos. He is also credited with planting the
first tomatoes, having received the seed from
New Orleans.

The first birth in this region is not definitely
determined, but is supposed to have been the child
that was called B. F. Lemert, who in process of
time came to be the popular Dr. B. F. Lemert.
Topographically, the townships compare favora-
bly with any other portions of the county. The
soil on the uplands is limestone clay, and in the
lowlands a sandy loam. The forests are not ex-
tensive, nor of many varieties. The principal
kinds of trees being white oak, hickory, black
walnut and poplar, cherry and sycamore.

The Muskingum River, on the eastern border,
receives the Wakatomaka, the mouth of which
is at the northeastern boundary of Dresden ;

L. J. LEMERT & SON'S Dry Goods Store and Banking House, Dresden, O.

L. RAMBO & GO'S Woolen Mill, Dresden, Ohio.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

353

this stream qourses from its entrance into the
township of Cass, on the central western boun-
dary, northward and then southeast, and reT
ceives " Paddy's Fork," and several smaller and
nameless tributaries.

The most noted mound in the township is half
a mile east of the road between Dresden Junction
and Dresden, on land belonging to G. W.
Adams. It is probably an Indian mound, but
has not been explored.

The earliest record of the election of township
officers that we have found is as follows :
" Agreeable to an election held at the house of
Henry Northrup, on the first Monday in April,
1805, for the purpose of electing town officers
for the township of Jefferson, there were elected
the following persons :

"Trustees — Seth Carhart, Valentine Johnson
and Isaac Cordray.

"Overseers of the Poor— John Wamsley and
James Sprague.

"Fence Viewers — James Wilcox and William
Elben.

"Listers and Appraisers — Peter Reasoner and
Jacob Jackson.

"Supervisoi's of .Highways — Henry Northrup
and James Tanner."

At this time, John Cain was Township Clerk,
and not being elected at this election, it is rea-
sonable to conclude that there was an election,
perhaps more than oqe, prior to this one. The
following persons have served as Township
Clerk :

John Cain, 1805 ; Henry Northrup, Silas
Smith, James W. Wood, Joseph W. Pfgman,
each one year, in the order named ; Littleton
Adams, 1815-17 ; Geoi'ge Beard 1818-23 ; H. F.
Hogan, David Witt, Abraham H. Wood, A. M.
Lev^'is, Samuel Adams, D. C. Bruce, Martin
Hill, each one year ; M. A. Webster, 1840-1 ;
C. F-. Currier, 1842-4; D. R. Noble, 1845-6;
W.B.Abbott, 1847-50; A. Slaughter, 1851-65
L. J. Lemert, to 1859; Thos. B. Cresap, J. J.
Martin, G. P. Kittand, George Eagan, 1863 ;
John.H. Ash, 1866-70 ; E. J. Rambo, 1871-3 ;
L. J. Lemert, 1874-6 ; J. C. Adams and W. E.
Smith, 1880.

Justices of the Peace — February 15th, 1806,
Isaac Cordray was elected a Justice of the
Peace, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
Seth Carhart ; April ist, 1809, Joseph Scott was
elected Justice of the Peace, without opposition.

FIRST MILLS.

Wyllys Silliman, (son-in-law of Major Jona-
than Cass,) had a saw-mill and grist-mill in
operation on Wakatomaka creek, near the pres-
sent railroad bi'idge, before 1806. The dam
belonging to this mill was washed away in 1832,
and never rebuilt.

TAVERNS.

John Cordray opened tavern in a log cabin, on
the site now occupied by the Akeroyd House,
before 1818. Abraham Smith kept this institu-
tion a few years later. Mr. Smith also taught
school.

SALT.

Wyllys Silliman was engaged in the manufac-
ture of salt at an early day. His works were at
his mill, the description and location of which is
found elsewhere.

COAL.

Coal was mined in small quantities previous to
1865, but the mines have since been abandoned.

DISTILLERIES.

Joseph Munroe was engaged in the manufac-
ture of whiskey, prior to 18 19. His still was on
the Munroe farm, four miles up the Muskingum
river from Dresden. Laban Lemert had a dis-
tillery, probably in 1822. Henr}' and Benjamin
Roop, of Bviflalo, New York, were extensive
distillers in 1833. At the present time, this busi-
•ness is entirely discontinued in this township.

PHYSICIANS.

Benjamin Webb engaged in the practice of
medicine before 1819. His son, Nathan, suc-
ceeded him in the business. In 1823-4, Francis
Fowler, the second phj^sician, came into the
township.

BLACKSMITH.

As a rule, this industr}- was inaugurated at
the inception of the settlement ; however, we
have no record concerning an^' smithy, until
1820, when Otho Miller came and opened his
shop, about half a mile south ofDi^esden.

CEMETERIES.

The first public cemeterj- was located east of
the canal, near where it is now crossed by a
bridge, as you pass east from Dresden. When
the canal was built, the bodies buried here were
removed to the Dresden cemetery.

The present Dresden cemetery was laid out in
1829, and is owned by the village of Dresden.
It contains twelve acres, and is beautifully laid
out.

CANAL.

In this township, work was begun upon the
main line of the Ohio Canal in 1822, and com-
pleted in 1829. The Dresden side-cut, through
Dresden, was ready for use in 1831.

BONDS VOTED DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP.

At a special election, held April ist, 1852, it
was voted by the tax payers, to issue to the
Steubenville & Indiana Railwaj- Company,
(now the Pan Handle Railway,) township bonds
to the amount of $100,000, to aid in the construc-
tion of this road. These bonds were to bear
seven per cent, iriterest, payable semi-annually,
on the the first day of January and July, and to
mature January ist, 1862. This first issue of
bonds was soon all taken up and burned by the
township Trustees, because the County Auditor
refused to register and officially sign them. Jul}-
22d, 1852, the Trustees re-issued these bonds, as
set forth in the extract froth the official record,
given below: "After due consideration, the
Trustees took up, and destroj^ed b}' fire, the said

354

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

$100,000 of bonds, and executed and delivered
to said railroad company, in lieu thereof, one
hundred bonds of one thousand dollars ($1,000)
each, and numbered one to one thousand, con-
secutively, and dated them the same as the former
issue, to-wit: April ist 1852."

Out of the issue of these bonds, grew the
trouble which, in October, 1853, resulted in the
division of the township.

At the special election, held to vote vipon the
issue, or non-issue of these bonds, three hundred
and forty votes were cast in favor of having them
issued, and only one hundred and fourteen
against the measure. The voters of the village of
Dresden, voted almost to a man in favor of the
scheme, while most of the voters against it,
were farmers throughout the township. The
original idea, which predominated among the
farmers, was that they would ► have the township
divided, and thus escape paying any portion of
the bonds. Although they succeeded in their
effort to be cut off from Dresden, the law de-
cided that that act did not release them from
paying their portion of the bonds, as they became
due. ^

Before these bonds were finally all paid, they
cost the tax payers of the two townships — Cass,
the new one formed, and Jefferson — about $200,-
000. It is needless to say that the citizens of
this section of the county will be in no hurry to
again assume, a like indebtedness.

DIVISION OF THE TOWNSHIP.

Tuesday, September 6, 1853.

The Commissioners resumed the consideration
of the matter relating to the erection of a new
township, out of the territory comprising Jeffei'-
son township, and order that a new township
shall be erected out of said territory, to be known
by the name of Cass township, and to contain
territory agreeably to the petition in relation to
the same ; which petition included the whole of
Jefferson township, excepting the district includ-
ed within the following boundaries, viz. : "Com-
mencing on the Muskingum River, below Dres-
den, at a point where the southeast corner of
Charles Dickenson's land, and the northeast cor-
ner of Thompson Ferrell's land unite, being on
the east boundarj^ of Jefferson township, running
thence west on the line between said Dickenson
and Ferrell's land, to the southeast corner of
George W. Lane's land, being lot number seven-
teen ; thence north to the center of Wakatomaka
Creek; thence down said creek, in the center
thereof, to the eastern boundary of Jeflerson town-
ship ; thence along said eastern boundaiy, down
the Muskingum River to the place of beginning.

"The Commissioners caused notices to be writ-
ten and sent them by Jas. Morgan,with directions
to put them up in three of the most public places
within the new township of Cass ; which notices
appointed the 19th day of the present month for
the electors to meet at the school house, in sub-
district number five,' in part of Jefferson town-
ship, this day formed by the Commissioners of
Muskingum County in the aforesaid new town-

ship of Cass, for the purpose of electing persons
having the qualifications of electors, to fill the
several offices of said newly formed township."
Commissioners' journal, 1853, the 28th and 29th
pages, although the pages are not numbered.

CASS TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, IN 1854. '

Trustees — Maxwell McCann and Alexander
Struthers ; Clerk, D. D. McGinnis ; Treasurer,
Richard Morgan ; Constable, William K. Burch ;
Justice of the Peace, J. S. Tremley, who sup-
poses the following is a correct list of Supervis-
ors, in the order given : William Cass, Carter
Garret, William Butler, Daniel Wolford, Thomas
Morgan, D. Pence, and John Holmes.

[The foregoing information was furnished by
Henry W. Kipp, Township Clerk.]

DRESDEN.

Dresden was laid out prior to 1819, on land
owned, at the time, by Mr. Baker. The town
was incorporated March 8, 1835, ^^^ ^^^ ^^e
corporate limits embrace the entire township of
Jefferson. The industries and accessories are a
matter of surprise to manj- visiting this village,
bespeaking a permanent prosperitj', seldom found
in places of the same area and population.

The exports are grain, flour, wool, and woolen
goods, and hard wood lumber. In May, 1878,
the amount of corn shipped amounted to one hun-
dred car loads. The anjount of flour shipped
weekly is five hundred barrels.

Topographically, this is a beautiful place fur a
city, and the advantages are being successfully
utilized. The paved side-w^alks, and umbrageous
trees invite the pedestrian, for pleasure, as well as
for business, to the arcade of foliage in either
direction. In a town a hundred years old. more or
less, if the town has remained comfortably small,
and business and trade, and the stirring young
men have gone b}' it, and e\ en out of it, rather
than into it, and over it, there may be found bv
anj' good eyes, this day, old w aj'S handed down
along with old hqiuses. and tables, and chairs, and
bedsteads, and iron-ware, silver, china, and
delft-ware, aye, and along with old stories, also.

Of this sort, is the good town of Dresden,
Perhaps, because the mtai who named it had a
presentiment that the situation and the struggles
for success would be similar to that where the fa-
mous battle was fought between the allied armies,
imder Prince Swartzenberg, and the French
arm}-, commanded bj- Napoleon, August 26th
and 27th, 1813. However this majbe, the Dres-
den of which we speak, has fought the battle of
the pioneers, and their successors, with admira-
ble success, notwithstanding the town has some
of its old houses left, and a good many of its old
things and old ways. Fifty years ago, the streets
were mostly as they had been for centuries be-
fore, and had changed onlj- in that slow and
steady putting up, and slow and steady renewing
of houses. Sometimes an old house would seem'
half crushed by its long, hobbly, moss-specked
roof, but Dresden of to-day has out grown those
conditions, as every villager affirms.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

355

MAYORS OF DRESDEN.

W. W. Bi-ice ; Andrew Walker ; Benjamin
Adams ; Samuel Adams ; C. E. Eaton, 1841 ;
Elon Jones, 1842 ; Jacob Force, 1843 ; William
Crane, 1845 : John Jacobson ; Michael Webster ;
• Major J. N. Ingalls ; John E. White ; L. J. Lem-
ert ; W. R. Henderson, 1855 ; Owen Dorsey,
1856 ; Edward Featherstone, 1857 ; P. Hirst,
1858 ; J. W. Fletcher, i860 ; Elon Jones (two
terms), 1861 ; William Farson, 1862 ; E, Feath-
stone (two terms), 1863; David Jones, 1864; L.
Rambo, 1866 ; O. N. Ellis, 1867 ; G. A. Lemert,
1868; G. A. Pefler, 1869-70 ; David Jones (two
terms), 1871 ; G. A. Peffer (two terms), 1872;
O. F. Edwards, I874 I L. J.Adams (to fill va-
cancy), 1878; G. A. Peffer (third term), 1878;
George Egan, 1879-80.

POSTOFFICE.

Dresden, the only postoffice in Jefferson town-
ship, was established prior to 1800. The earliest
postmaster, of which any one now has a remem-
brance, was Laban Lemert, about 1818. Abra-
ham Smith, the tavern keeper, was Mr. Lemert's
successor. Edward Adams came next, and was
followed by Andrew Walker. Benjamin Adams
next held the office, for twenty-five or thirty
years. The other postmasters have been Law-
rence Baih^ Dr. W. W. Rickey, Samuel Adams,
T. B. Cresap, Owen Dorsey, H. M. Johnson
and Wm. R. Henderson, the present incumbent.

For several years, mails were received on
horse-back, once a week. Next a semi-weekly
mail line was established, and finally, in 1832, a
tri-weekly line of fine Concord coaches, was put
upon the route. Since about 1843, the mail has
beeih received and dispatched daily.

FIRST HOUSES.

In 1816-18, Seth Adams built a log house in
Dresden, on the lot where G. Reasoner now
lives. A portion of this house is yet standing.
Laban Lemert, also, built a log house in Dresden
about the same time. This stood near where J.
P. Bryant's store now stands.

FIliST STORES.

Laban Lemert opened store, in a log house in
Dresden, in 1817-18. Location same as his
residence, given above, under "First Houses."
John Jacobson and David Wilson were also
early merchants. The last named opened store
in 1827.

DRESDEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The organization of this society was effected
in 1819, in a log school house, about one mile
south of Adams' mills, in Jeffei^son township,
near where the main road now strikes Mus-
kingum river. Rev. James Culbertson, Rev.
Mr. Root, and Rev. P. B. Smith, were the of-
ficiating ministers at the time of organization.
The last named was the first regular pastor.
The church then numbered seven or eight per-
sons, among whom can now be remembered
Mr. and Mrs. Major Jonathan Cass, Joseph F.

Munroe and wife, and Daniel Stillwell. The
first elder was Joseph F. Munroe. Mrs. Munroe
was the last survivor of these early members,
she having died November 19th, 1864, after be-
ing a member for forty-four years. Rev. P. B.
Smith, was, as stated, the first pastor. He
preached for four or five years at the school
house named, once in three weeks ; the remain-
der of the time at Irville. He died in September,
1823, in his twenty-ninth year. In 1825, Rev.
J. H. Parmelewas installed pastor. Under this
gentleman's ministration were held the first reg-
ular church (Presbyterian) services in Dresden.
He preached about one year, occasionally in
private houses, but mostly in a log school house,
which stood near where now is the Union School
building in Dresden. In 1827, Rev. Ebenezer
Churchill accepted a call to preach, and con-
tinued until 1829. Rev. John Pitkin was the
next pastor. He preached in a brick school
house, upon the mound in the present Dresden
Cemetery — no church edifice of any kind having
yet been built in Dresden. Mrs. Pitkin organ-
ized a female prayer meeting ; also a Sunday
School. The latter met at the parsonage, where
Mrs. Pitkin worked assiduously, with no one to
assist her. Mr. Pitkin continued with the church
until 1836. During his pastorate, the church
greaily increased in numbers and prosperity.
In 1833, the first effort was made towards build-
ing a house of worship, but nothing of import-
ance was done until May 14, 1836, when Laban
Lemert, G. W. Cass, Wm. W. Brice, T. M.
Barron and Dr. A. H. Brown, were appointed a
building committee for the Dresden Church. In
the latter part of this year, (1836) the church
(brick), which gave place to the present edifice,
was commenced, and completed in the spring of
1838, at a cost of about $1,500. Rev. James
Harrison was the next to regularly fill the pulpit.
In 1842, the first choir was organized. Rev.
Mr. Harrison continued with the church until
the fall of 1846, leaving the names of eighty-
nine persons on the church roll, about seventy
of whom were added under his ten years
administration. Rev. S. P. Hildreth began
his connection with the church in March,
1847. July 4, 1850, the church bell was
rung for the first time. This was the first
church bell ever heard in Dresden. It was first
rang to call the people to attend a dinner given
by the ladies of the church ; soon after, it tolled
for half a day, on telegraphic announcement of
the death of General Zachary Taylor, President
of the United States. In 1849, the church was
repaired, painted and carpeted, and an instru-
ment for the choir put in. In May, 1852, a pipe
organ was obtained. In March, 1855, $100.00
was subscribed for the Home Missionary Society.
Following Rev. Hildreth, came Rev. W. F. Mil-
likan, in 1873, who continued to serve the church
until March, 1878, when he resigned. The
present incumbent, Rev. A. Lehmann, preached
his first sermon, for this society, in November,
1878. The present church edifice, an elegant
brick structure, was completed and dedicated

356

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

February 29th, 1880. The cost was about$5,ooo.
It is entirely paid for. Seating capacitj', about
400 ; present membership, 108. During the
twenty-three yeai^s that Rev. S? P. Hildretli was
pastor, ten were expelled, twenty-eight died,
one hundred and fort}'-three were dismissed by
certificate to other churches, and two hundred
and sixtj'-six were added. Covdd all these
members have been i-etained, the Dresden
Presbyterian Church would have had the largest
number of communicants of any in this Synod.
The church has had fifteen Elders, as follows :
Joseph F. Munroe, ordained in 1819 ; David
Stillwell and John C. Stockton, ordained Decem-
ber 18, 1830; Laban Lemert, ordained February
6, 1837 ; .[ohn N. Ingalls, ordained April 16,
1840 ; Thomas M. Barron, ordained September
24, 1843 : Patterson Hir?t and David B. Irvin,
ordained October 30, 1847; 'John Barron, or-
dained January 20, 1850 ; John W. Alloways,
Alfred Barron, and Thomas Franks, ordained
January 19, 185 1 ; Wm. Senior, John McCahan
and Silas Barron, ordained November 17, 1861.
The Elders in the autumn of 1880, were Wm.
Senior, J. W. Alloways, G. W. Lemert, and
Silas Barron.

DRESDEN PRESBYTERIAN SABBATH-SCHOOL.

About the time that the Dresden Presbyterian
Society was organized, and before it had a house
of worship, Mrs. Pitkin, wife of the first pastor,
started a Sunday School class in her own house,
which dwelling was occupied late in 1880, by
Mr. M. Carter.

Before the building of the first church, Rev.
Mr. Harrison, the second pastor, taught a Bible
class in an old school house, which then stood on
the hill, in what is now the Dresden cemetery.
After the erection of the first church, the school
then met there, and was thoroughly organized.

Mr. John Ingalls and J. J. Ingalls, of Zanes-
\'ille, were two of the fii'st superintendents.

Mr. Alfred Barron, living in Zanesville, in
1880, and Rev. S. P. Hildreth, also filled the of-
fice, at an early day in the school's histor3^ Prof.
R. W. Stevenson, now of Columbus Union
School, was an efficient superintendent.for two or
more years.

In 1857 and 1858, singing and singing books,
especially designed for Sunday-schools, were in-
troduced. Some ten years later, the school had
its first organ. William Senior, G. W. Lemert,
J. F. Pearman, and J. N. Lanning, having act-
ed as superintendents at various times, Mr.
Senior having served longer than any one else.

The average attendance for a number of years
past, and at the present, is recorded as eighty, a
very creditable showing.

The Library, in 1880, contained four hundred
volumes, well selected.

FRIENDSHIP LODGE, NO. IO3, F. AND A. M.

The Charter Members. — Thomas Perkins,
Thomas Lander, Andrew Walker, and others.

First Officers. — Thos. Perkins, Master ; Thos.
Lander, S. W. ; Andrew Walker, J. W.

Officers for 1880. — Frank Fingler, Master ;
James Johns, S. W. ; N, W. Gay, J. W. ; J. C.
Dorsev, Treasurer ; Thomas Ulrich, Secretary ;
J. C. Adams, S. D. ; William Stradley, J. D. ;
E.Jones and C. Sandritter, Stewards ; J. F. Sny-
der, Tiler. Meets monthly, in Dresden, Mon- «
day evenings, on or before full moon. Thirty-
eight members in 1880.

SCHOOLS.

The first school house (log), was erected in the
rear of where now is the Central Hotel, in Dres-
den, about 1822. The man who taught there in
that year, was a Mr. 'Timberlake. He is report-
ed by some of his scholars, still living, to have
been very fond of whiskey, from the eflfects of
which he used to fall asleep during school hours,
when the children would play him many tricks.
In warm weather, he used to remove his shoes and
stockings while school was in session. Among
Mr. Timberlake's scholars, were the present Dr.
Lemert. of Dresden, Miss Sarah Lemert, who
married a Mr. Mills, Miss Sarah E. Cass, now
Mrs. Joseph Adams, of Dresden, and Lewis
Lemert, deceased.

Abraham Smith, who. kept the second hotel,
in Dresden, also taught in this log school house.
Mr. Smith's wife kept a millinery store in this
log house first, south of the Akei^oyd House. Part
of this millinery shop is yet standing.

The next school house was a brick, built about
1828 or 1829, in the present Dresden cemetery.
Josiah B. Scott was one of the earl}- teachers in
this house. He later became a member of the
State Legislature, moved to Steuberiville,and died
there. In 1845-46, a second brick school build-
ing was erected, on the site of the present building,
in Dresden. The township now boasts .one of
the most elegant and substantial school buildings
in Muskingum count}-. It was completed in
1877, at a cost of $18,000. School bonds for
this amount were issued, upon which money was
raised to erect the house. These bonds draw an
interest of eight per cent, per annum, and are
payable $2,000 annualh'. The last matvires Sep-
tember 15, 1886.

The school property of the township is valued
at $25,000. Total expense of school, for year
ending with August 31, 1880, $2,839.22. Total
number of scholars enrolled in the township,
three hundred and eighty-five. Only one school
district, and one school house in Jefferson town-
ship. Eight months of school each year.

The Board of Education's report, September
20, 1880, is as follows: The value of school
property in the township, $2,700; the number of
pupils enrolled — males, 121 ; females, 106; total,
227. The average daily attendance — males, 75 ;
females, 70; total, 145.

[The foregoing information was furnished by
Henry W. Kipp, Township Clerk.]

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUliCH.

No information, anterior to 1835, can be obtain-
ed in regard to this body. In this year, the so-
ciety erected a brick church, upon the site of the

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

357

present edifice, in Dresden. The pastor in charge
at this time, was Rev. C. B. Lovell. A Mr.
Allen also served the society, at about the same
time Rev. Lovell did. These men remained and
preached with some regularity until about 1838,
• and were followed by Rev's. Brown and Kellogg,
who preached on alternate Sundays for two years.
In 1841, R. B. Chubb received an appoint-
ment, and he held it for two years. In 1843, or
1844, Rev. J. Blanpied was pastor. Following
him came Oliver Burgess, for two j^ears. Rev.
Henry Whiteman preached in 1846 and 1847,
and was followed for two years by Rev. Mr.
Clark. In .1850 and 1852, Rev. Harvey Wilson
filled the pulpit. It was while this man preached,
that the present church was built. It is a sub-
stantial brick building, and cost $3,000.

Rev. Mr. Safford was the second pastor to
preach regularly in the new church. He remain-
ed during 1854. Jol^ri Wolf preached in 1855
and 1856, and was succeeded by T. H. Wilson,
for one vear. Rev. Grissell supplied the pulpit
in 1858. In the latter part of this year (1858),
or the 'first of 1859, Thos Bell was pastor, for a
short time. The next regular pastor was Rev.
Willets, in 1859. This gentleman died in Dres-
den. Rev. Lewis was pastor in 1862. Follow-
ing him was Allen Moffat, in 1863. Next came
Oman Lawrence, for two years. In 1868, Daniel
Lambert filled the pulpit. Rev's. James H. John-
ston, Samuel Squires, and John Reasoner, came
next, in order named, for one year each. B. A.
Disney preached in 1872 and 1873, and was suc-
ceeded in 1874 ^"d 1^75 by Rev. Henry White-
man (second call). Rev. O. Milton Ashbaugh
preached during 1876, and was succeeded by the
present incumbent. Rev. Joseph McK. Barnes.
Sunday, September 19, 1880, the last named
preached his farewell sermon.

In 1872, the church records showed a member-
ship of fifty-eight. In 1880, the membership was
about eighty-five. One of the greatest . revivals
the church has Iftiown, was while it was under
the charge of Rev. R. B. Chubb, in 1841 and
1842.

DRESDEN M. E. SUNDAY SCHOOL.

The year 1838, is the date of organization.
Benjamin Adams was the first Superintendent,
and E. W. Zentmeyer was the second. Some
of the others holding this office, have been M.
T. Shaw, D. B. Burch and Rev. James H.
Johnston. In 1880, H. H. Eshman was Super-
intendent. At this time, the school has a good
library, eleven teachers, and about one hundred
scholars.

ZION EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church was organized in Dresden in 1839,
with William Evans, senior warden, Benjamin
Adams, junior warden, and Rev. Cushman,
rector. This gentleman was rector until
some time in 1840. He was succeeded by
Rev. A. T. McMurphy, w;ho remained until
about 1855, when he gave place to Rev. Black-
aller. He remained for about two years, after
which the church had no rector for some years :

and next came Rev. McBride, who rerhairied un-
til 1862, when another vacancy occured. Rev.
Lewis came next, in 1864; after him. Rev.
Steele, for a short time only. J. G. Jones and
C. F. Adams were the next rectoi-s ; after these,
came P. Brovke, about 1876, who gave place to
the present incumbent. Rev. E. M. W. Hills.

The first services were held in the old Dres-
den market house, next in the old Methodist
church in Dresden, and continued to be held
there until the present brick church was built, in
1848, (at a cost of $3,500.) The parsonage
(brick) was built in 1855-6, at a cost of about
$3,500. The present membership is about thir-
ty, and has been as high as sixty. Mrs. Eliza
Eaton, wife of a prominent banker of Dresden,
has been organist in this church for more than
thirty years.

THE EPISCOPAL SUNDAY SCHOOL.

The Episcopal Sunday School was organized
at the same date as the church. Rev. McMur-
phy was first Supei'intendent, Benjamin Adams,
second, William Johnston, third. Dr. William
Akeroyd, fourth, and Frank Lemert, fifth, who
now holds the office ; there were about twenty
scholars in 1880.

DRESDEN BAPTIST CHURCH.

This society held its first meetings in the old
Dresden market house, in 1840, and there con-
tinued to worship until 1845-6, when the present
frame church was erected, at a cost of about
$800. Some of the prominent members, at date
of organization, were Jane Kain, Henry Shutts
and wife, T. A. McCann, Jones S. Adams and
wife, and Littleton Adams. Rev. Mr. Eldridge
was the first pastor. He continued with the so-
ciety until the completion of the frame church,
as noted above. Following him, came Rev.
William Mears, for about four years. Rev.
Davis came next, and was succeeded by B. Y.
Siegfried, for four or five years. The other pas-
tors, have been Rev's. R. W. Allen, J. G. Whita-
ker, Dr. Chambers, Elias Stilwell, John Heis-
tand, Mr. Wright, Thomas Jones, and H. H.
Dunaway, the present incumbent.

In the autumn of 1880, the society was building
a 36x78 brick church, on the site of the first
frame. This new church is to have a seating
capacity of four hundred and twenty-five, and is
to be completed in 1881. Its estimated cost is
$4,000. The pi-esent membership, is one hun-
dred and thirty-eight.

~ The- Sunday School was organized under
Rev. William Mears, and continued uninterrup-
tedly until the present time. The first Superin-
tendent was Samuel Adams. Charles Woodruff"
filled that oflSce in 1880, at which time the school
was in a prosperous condition, had a fine library,
and an average attendance of seventy scholars.
The prosperity of the church is largely due to
the efficient workings of the Sunday- school.

CATHOLIC CHUliCH.

This cliurch was organized in 1843, with Rev.

358

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Father Joseph Gallinger, priest, who held month-
ly services in G. A. Peffer's house, in Dresden.
The present church, a neat little frame, was com-
pleted in 1847, at a cost of about $600. The
other pastors have been Rev. Fathers Borgest,
Kremer, Brummer, SchlepnikopfF, Rauch,
Nordmeyer, Deiters, Bender, and the present in-
cumbent. Rev. Father Jacquett, who has held
the position for eleven years.

The church (the only one in Jefferson town-
ship of this denomination) is located near the
railroad track, in the village of Dresden. The
present membership is about sixty. They have
no Sunday School.

GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH.

The first meeting of this body of worshiping
Christians, was held in the old market house
of Dresden, in 1848. Adam' Schwemle, G. A.
Peifer, Henry Kipp and Henry Schneid, were
some of the most prominent early members.

Rev. Mr. Minner was the first pastor. He
continued with the church six years. The fol-
lowing are names of the other pastors : Rev's.
Cress, Herman, Bucher. Schultz, Gillis, Brown
and Nunemacher. The last named left the
church in 1879, since which date, it has had no
pastor. The present church is of brick, and was
erected in 1853, and cost $2,000. Its seating
capacity is about 200. They have no Sabbath
School.

ODD FELLOWS.

In i847-8,Wakatomaka Lodge was established
in Dresden, with the following charter members :
Alexander Culbertson, B. F. Lemert, Alfred
Barron, Elon Jones and E. Granger. The
Lodge continued in good working order until
about 1857, when it surrendered its charter. In-
ternal dissensions over the management of the
Lodge's finances, were the causes which led to
the charter's surrender.

TELEGRAPH.

A privi^te line of telegraph was constructed
from Zanesville to Wooster, in 1848. This line
passed through Dresden, where an office was
opened. The Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, opened an oflace in 1868. T. B. Dorsey
was the first Western Union manager, J. L.
Adams next, and John Hornung following.

The private line was discontinued, some years
before the Western Union went into operation.

BANKS.

L.J. Lemert established in Dresden, in 1852,
a bank of discount and deposit, and continued
the business by himself until 1873, when his
sons were given an interest in the business, and
the style of the firm was changed to L. J. Lemert
and Sons, and so continues until the present.
The senior member of the firm died in 1875,
since which date, Robert Lemert has been the
active member. The Lemert estate is valued at
about $160,000, a good portion of which sum
is used in conducting the banking business.

The banking house of G. Eaton, was estab-

lished in Dresden in 1866, and continues until
the present, the same. as when established.
Capital, $25,000. This sum represents Mr.
Eaton's banking capital only, he having as much
more invested in milling, and other safe enter-
prises. •

GERMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1852, with about
twenty-four members, among whom were Henry
Kipp, Herman Eschmann, and Henry Stockdick.
Until about 1858, services were held in the Dres-
den market house. At this time, the frame
church, still occupied, was erected at a cost of
about $600. Its seating capacity is one hundred
and twenty-five. The first pastors were Wm.
Florika and Rev. R. M. Brownmiller, who
preached on alternate Sundays until 1854, when
Rev. Conrad Baer was appointed to fill the pul-
pit.

The following named preached, in the order
named, after Rev. Baer : Jacob Gabler, 1855-6 ;
E. Wunderlich, 1857 ; I. G. Reiber, 1858 ; Wm.
Ekermeyer, 1859: G. Schwinn, J. F. Dieck-
mann, i860; C. A. Militzer, 1861 ; John W.
Fischbach, 1862 ; Daniel Maule, 1863 ; H.
Henke, 1864 ; Hugo Rehm, 1865-6 ; August
Bletsch, 1867 ; J. Straug, 1867 ; J. Bockstahler,
1868-70; Wm. MuUer, 1871-2 ; John Ficken,
1873-5 ; Daniel Foltz, 1876-7 ; August Gerloch,
and Conrad Franker, 1879-80. Twenty members
in 1880. No Sunday School.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

The organization of this religious body took
place in 1861, and for one year after, met in the
Lutheran Church, in Dresden. In 1862-3, the
society in Dresden built their present house of
worship, a substantial brick structure, at a cost
of $2,000.

Two of the prominent members, at date of
organization, were Fred. Shrake, now residing
at New Philadelphia, Ohio, and Daniel McGin-
nis, who is still an active and efficient member.
Elder Wm. Taylor was the first pastor, Asbury
Gardner the second ; next came Wm. A. Wal-
ters, who was succeeded by Elder Huffman.
The last regular pastor was Elder Graham, who
dissolved his connection with the society in 1877,
since which date the church has had no regular
pastor, but has devoted itself to missionary work.
Occasional Sunday services are now held, and
regular weekly prajer and other meetings.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL.

Immediately following the organization of this
church, (1861) a Sunday School was established,
and has been continued unto the present time.
The first superintendent was Fred. Shrake, the
second. Elder Daniel McGinnis, who still holds
the position. The school once had quite a
library, but has allowed the books to be scat-
tered, so that now it has none. But it has its
regular supply of Sunday School papers. Av-
erage attendance, about thirty scholars. Meets in
Christian Church, in Dresden,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

359

MILLS.

Seth Adams had a mill, of the kind known as
" corn cracker," on Wakatomaka Creek, about
1804. George Gertie was the first to build a
flouring mill, of any importance. It was situated
on a rock near, Mr. Adams' mill.

In 1832, Hugh F. Hogan (" the one legged
man"), built a saw and grist mill, about four
miles west of Dresden, on the Frazeysburg road.
This land was owned in 1880, by James Pryor.
John and David Lovitt bought this mill, about the
time it was completed, and gave it their name.
They sold the property, however, to James
Pryor, and for twenty years or more, thereafter,
it was known as " Pryor's mill." It was demol-
ished in 1875. A. M. Eisenhouse was a miller,
*' in those days."

WEAVER.

"The weaver at his loom," was as essential
as the plowman, for the pioneers had need of
clothing, and it must needs be made at home.
So, according to tradition, we are enabled to say
that a weaver, from the State of Maryland, came
into this township in an early day, and his name
was Morgan Morgan. His son, Thomas Mor-
gan, does not remember at what time his father
came hither.

SCHOOLS.

Rev. Joseph W. Pigman, of the M. E. Church,
is reported to have preached in the house of Wm.
Blount, about 1808 ; "this first temple" stood some
three and a half miles west of Dresden. Amos
Weeks, and William Spencer, traveling Baptist
preachers, were in this region telling " the old
old story," about that time. Pigman was also a
Justice of the Peace, and taught school, in "a
little log cabin in the lane," between Dresden
and Shannon, say about two and a half miles
west of Dresden, about Anno Domini 1808.

Sanford Ramey also taught school in. a cabin,
on the same road, in 1816. This temple of
learning was situated on land that, in 1880, was
owned by Stockton Frazier. Some of the boys
of that period were Joseph, Michael and Owen
Dorsey, James Ogle, Mordecai Ogle, Thomas
Morgan, and Elias Ellis. Of these, only the last
two were living in 1880.

Matthew Hollenbach was another who taught
the young idea how to shoot, in "ye olden
time."

The township is now divided into six school
districts, and each has a substantial and com-
fortable school building, in which the teaching is
according to our advanced methods.

LIBERTY CHAPEL, CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

Liberty Chapel. Christian Church, was erected
about 1840 (on land owned in 1880 by Mary
Milstead and Nancy Carter), and, about 1863, it
•was sold to Thomas Fisher, who moved it and
converted it into a stable. The name was de-
rived from its being built by various denomina-
tions, and " free for all ;" free from expense, so
far as the use of the house was concerned. The
peculiarity of the association, rendered records

complicated, and so we are reduced to tradition-
ary accounts ; from this source, we learn that
Fred. Parker and wife, John Milstead and wife,
Thomas Doel and wife, Mrs. George Doel, and
Laban Cook and wife, were among the members
of the congregation.

The first pastor was William Bagley, under
whose ministry the church was built. Again,
referring to tradition, we learn that Barzillai
Miles, James Hayes, Jacob and Andrew Han-
ger, David Rice and James Mervin, were, at
some time, pastors of this church.

The site on which this church was built was
donated by James Ogle ; the deed, however,
was never recorded, and, in 1880, was supposed
to be in possession of William Fisher.

hopper's grove METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church was so called from the fact of its
being built in a grove owned by Benjamin Hop-
per, who deeded the society one acre of ground ^
for a church and grave yard. The house, a neat
frame, was built about 1840, and stood for some
fifteen years, when the surrounding land was
bought by Peter Mai-shall. This man was not
long in discovering that the church society had
failed to have its deed recorded, and he sold the
church to Michael Schuman, who moved it upon
a farm occupied in 1880, by Joseph B. McFar-
land, where it has since done duty as a stable.
"To what base uses," etc.

Some of the early rriembers of this church
were Wm. Burch and wife, Jacob Burch, (liv-
ing in 1880,) and wife, Mrs. Anna Lout, Benja-
min H: Hopper and wife, and Mr. and Mrs.
John Burch. One of the earliest preachers in
this house was Rev. David Sherrard. Rev.
Daiigiiert)^ was another to fill this pulpit, in the
infancy of the church.

There are no records of this church in exist-
ence, and the members being all scattered, it is "
not possible to give here anything like a history.

PHYSICIANS.

Benjamin Webb, father of the two men who
had the grain ware-house at Webb's Port, was
one of, if not the earliest physician in the town-
ship. He is spoken of as being here as early
as 1815.

Dr. Brown, son-in-law of J. F. Munroe, was
here as a practicing physician about 1825. He
lived in the village of Dresden.

DISTILLERY.

Joseph F. Munroe had a distiller}' in operation,
in the township, in 181 5. This establishment
was kept in operation for some time after the Ohio
Canal was completed, and then discontinued.

ORCHARDS.

Joseph F. Munroe and Major Jonathan Cass,
were the first to plant fruit orchards. In 1815,
these two gentlemen had nice thrifty young
peach and apple orchards 'upon their respective
farms. A few years later, Seth Adams had an
apple orchard growing upon his farm.

s6o

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

THE FIliST BRICK HOUSE.

The first brick house built here was by Major
Jonathan Cass. In 1880, this early home of
Major Cass was still standing, and had for its
occupant, John McNamarra.

Joseph F. Munroe erected a brick house on
the river road, on land owned in 1880, by J. F.
Adams, who was then occupying this identical
house. The exact year that these two brick
houses were built, can not now be learned ; but
they were both probably erected as early as 1818.

STORES.

Joseph F- Munroe had a stock of goods in his
brick house, the same place that was occiipied by
James T. Adams in 1880. It is supposed he
opened store about 1823.

E. and G. Adams had a store at Adams' Mills,
in the northeast corner of th'e township, about
1830 ; and a few years later, they had a store and
grain w^re-house at Webb's Port, the junction of
the Dresden Side Cut with the Ohio Canal.
Webb Brothers, (Benjamin and Nathan,) had
an extensive grain ware-house at this point,
hence the name.

TAVERNS.

Thomas Smith opened a tavern at Webb's
Port, about the time of the completion of the
Ohio Canal — 1830— and conducted the business
about three years, when he sold out to "Long"
Parker, who continued the business about the
same length of time. From that time to 1880,
the building had been used as a dwelling.

POST OFFICE.

The only Post Office in this township is at
Adam's Mills, which town is called, (by the P.
C. & St. L. Railroad, which passes through it,)
Preston. The con-ect name of the post office is
Adam's Mills. The most of the people of this
to^vnship procure their mail at Frazeysburg, in
Jackson township, or in Dresden, Jefferson town-
ship.

RAILROADS.

The Steubenville and Indiana Railroad, (now
the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis, and gen-
erally known as the "Pan Handle,") was com-
pleted through this township about 1853. The
Zanesville branch, from Dresden Junction to
Zanesville, was completed about 1870. The
railroad stations here are Dresden Junction and
Preston. The latter station is also the "Adams'
Mills Post Office."

The main line of the Pan Handle enters the
township near its northeast corner, and runs in
nearly a straight line southwest, through Adams'
Mills and Dresden Junction, and passes the
western boundary of the township about the
centre. The Zanesville branch intersects the
mainline at Dresden Junction.

C. E. Stearns was the agent from the opening
of the road to 1876, when J. C. Adams, the pres-
ent incumbent, took his place.

DRESDEN JUNCTION.

This town was surveyed by Joseph Fisher, in

1873-4. The laud was owned by George W.

Adams. There is a small station house, a tavern,

a saloon, and about a dozen houses to mark its

growth. No post office.

The township officers, in 1880, were as follows :
Treasurer— John D. Shaw ; Trustees — Richard

Lacy, Thomas Campbell, Robert G. McQuigg ;

Clerk— H. W. Kipp ; Assessor— Martin V. Ogle ;

Justices of the Peace — D. D. McGinnis, Geo. F.

Shepherd.

MADISON TOWNSHIP.

ANNO DOMINI 1806 WYLLYS SILLIMAN THE PI-
ONEERS TOPOGRAPHY SOD WATER SAND-
STONE LIMESTONE FORESTS TOWNSHIP

TAKEN FROM JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP THE

TOWNSHIP NAMED FOR PRESIDENT MADISON

NO RECORD OF THE OFFICERS CHOSEN AT THE

FIRST ELECTION THE OFFICERS OF 1880—

WHERE THE ELECTIONS WERE HELD THE FIRST

ROAD THE FIRS^q^EATH AND BURIAL GOD-
FREY BAINTER -^-^^ST MARRIAGE SALT

WORKS SCHOOLS 1^\.LS ^V-HISKEV MILL

FURNACE FIRST BlfeAjCSMITH "WHEELEN"

M. E. CHURCH "PR6ateCT" M. E. CHURCH

"SALEM" M. E. PR0TES'|»JT CHURCH "PLEAS-
ANT hill" M. p. CHURCHP-ST. MATHEw"s PROT-
ESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH THE FIRST STORE

"OTTERBEIN CHAPEl" (UNITED BRETHREN

CHURCH) FIRST POST OFFICE STONEWARE

MILITARY RECORD .

Anno Domini, 1800, found Jacob Swigert set-
tled on Muskingum bottom lands : he built his
cabin and cleared a field, the first evidence of
civilization within the borders of this township-;
he, however, was not happ^■, and sold out to J.
S. Copeland, and he sold out to John Bainter,
all within a short period, for Bainter moved to
the high land — now occupied by J. G. Stump, in
1801. Wyllys Silliman entered the southwest
quarter of section nineteen, on S} mmes' Creek,
but sold out to James Spragiie, from Nova Scotia,
who settled upon it. in 1802. A Swiss, na;med
Valentine Shriver, settled on the northeast quar-
ter of section twenty-three, in 1804. and John
Stoner settled on the southeast quarter of the
same section, about the same time, and planted
an orchard, the first in the township. George
Adams came from Fauquier county, and settled
on the southeast quarter of section eighteen, in
1808 : he built a hewed log house, the first in the
territor)^ and some years later added a frame
building to this, and this was the first frame
house in this section. Charles Copeland settled
near the mouth of Symmes' Creek, about the
the same time, and, in 1817, he built a brick
house, the first in this region ; it is in a good
state of preservation, and is occupied by his de-*
scendents.

Topographically, Madison township presents
many advantages ; the rich alluvial soil of exten-
sive bottom lands, for it will be seen by consult-
ing the map, that it is surrounded, so to speak.

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TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

361

on an equivalent of more than three sides, by the
Muskingum river, more than compensates for the
poor quality of uplands, and at the same time, the
undulating character of the surface enables the
majority of the settlers to find good building sites.
It is drained principally by the Muskingum river,
and next by Symmes' Creek, which is the largest
stream, of any importance, in the township.
■ Water, however, is plenty, and good. Sand-
stone and limestone, for building, and lime, are
found in the cliffs, and coal in convenient quan-
tities. The forests have never been large, nor
well cared for, yet all the varieties comnftn to
southeastern Ohio, flourish here.

BOUNDARIES.

This township was taken from Jefferson town-
ship, by order of the County Commissioners,
dated July 2, 1819. It was originally bounded
on the north by the county line, on the east, by
Munroe and Salem townships, on the south, by
Washington township, on the west, by the Mus-
kingum river. The Commissioners' Journal, of
that date, contains the following: "Beginning
on the county line, on the line dividing the sixth
range, then west with the county line to the
northeast corner of Jefferson township, then down
the Muskingum river, and with meanders
thereof, to the line dividing the southwest and
northwest quarter of the second township in the
seventh range, then east to the line dividing the
sixth and seventh ranges, thence north with the
said line to the southwest corner of the third
township, in the sixth range, then east to the
line dividing the sixth range, then northwest with
said line to the place of beginning."

The first election was held at the residence of
Martin Wheelen, July 31, 1819. This was the
same place that is now owned by George King.

The townsWp was named for President Madi-
sOn. In December, 1826, Adams township was
; ated, and Madison reduced thereby to its
present size, and boundaries. No record of the
officers chosen, at the first election, has been
found ; those for 1880, are :

Justices of the Peace — E. E. Forker, Calvin
ames.

Constable — Samuel Dunmead. .

Treasurer — ^James King.

Clerk — Calvin James.

Assessor— John W. Kinney.

Land Appraiser — Joshua G. Stump.

Trustees— W. B. Carter, George B. King,
John A. Burnside.

Board of Education— James King, Samuel
Copeland, Abraham Beal, John A. Burnside,
David Garrett, John King.

Supervisors— John J. Kinney, Daniel Stolts,
Louis Gressel, William Stolts, LesHe . Keyes,
William Miller, John Crozier, Jacob A. Min-
ner.

The elections were held at the school house, on
Wm. Minner's land, chiefly, until 1848, when
the township house was erected, and the elec-
tions have been held there since that time ; the
house is 18x24.

The first road crossed the Muskingum river at
Bainter's ford, and extended up Symmes' Creek
m the direction of Adams township.

The first death was that of Godfrey Bainter,
in 1805. He was buried in the woods, on his son
John's farm, now owned by W. B. Carter. The
following is the inscription on the tombstone,
now nearly effaced by time, as the stone is of
a very perishable kind :

" In memory of Godfrey Bainter, who de-
parted this life May i8th, 1805, aged 60 jeai's."
This has become a cemetery and is the oldest in
the township."

The first marriage, on record, is that of George
Stoner and Elizabeth Shirer, in 1810; the next
was Robert McConnell to Marj^ Adams, which
occurred soon after.

SALT WORKS.

In the year 1807, James Sprague, and his son
Samuel, were pushing a canoe up the Mus-
kingum river, and when just below the mouth
of Wills Creek, they saw an Indian encamp-
ment, and, putting in to shore, an old Indian of-
fered to show them a good salt spring for $1,400.
Mr. Sprague did not accept the offer, and shortl}-
after, the Indian showed it to Mr. Mapes for
a rifle. Mr. M. began to make salt there,
about 1810. The spring proved to be a good
one, and these works have been operated for
fifty years. In 1852, Joseph Tingle became their
■possessor, and repaired them, and put in a new
engine, and operated them during the war, but
they have been idle since 1865.

SCHOOLS.

The first school house was probably built on
the land of A. Struthers, not far from the forks
of Symmes' Creek. It is said that the first school
was taught in the German language, and that
the first English school teacher was a Mr. Decker,
in 181 1. The primitive schools of this township
have so faded from the memories of the oldest
inhabitants, that nothing definite is known of
them. The schools of the present da}- are taught
in the English language, and there fire six good
frame school houses in the township ; none
graded, however.

MILLS.

In 1813, Alexander Struthers built a grist mill
on the south branch of Symmes' Creek, just
above its forks, and in 1818, he added a saw mill.
These mills were of incalculable benefit to the
settlement, even extending be} ond the township
boundaries ; and yet Mr. Struthers did'not retain
control of them many years ; he sold to J. N. In-
galls, and he, to William Mapes. The latter
added one run of buhrs. Mr. Mapes died, and
Frederick Minner became proprietor lor a time,
and was succeeded by Peter Varner, who oper-
ated the mills in 1866.

Valentine Shirer, and David Shirer, brothers,
built a saw mill in 1833, on the north fork of
Symmes'Creek,near the center of section twenty.
John Bench subsequently put in a pair of buhrs.

362

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and thus combined saw and grist mills, which was
a great convenience to the neighborhood. These
mills passed into the ownership and manage*-
ment of William Gaumerand Thomas Pharis.

In 1837, Thomas Pierce erected a grist mill at
the State Dam, on the Muskingum River; he
sold out to Jared Cone, and he sold to Charles
Love, who sold to Elias Ellis, and he sold to Na-
poleon Reinaman, and during his management
the mill was burned, and rebuilt, and sold to
George C. Adams, who sold to William Bice, and
he sold to A. G. Plummer, the present propri-
etor. This mill now contains three run of buhrs,
in a building three stories high, and is in a suc-
cessful business.

James John and James Gibbons, built a saw
mill, on Symmes' Creek, just above the mouth,
and finding the water supply insufficient, dug a
race, and then added a grist jnill ; this mill was
afterwards owned by Lloyd Dillon and D. F.
Kinney. Mr. Kinney is the present proprietor.

A whiskey mill, or distillery, is said to have
been in operation below the mouth of the Waka-
tomaka, on the Mviskingum, in 181 2 ; and that
a "tramp mill" was attached, for crushing grain
for the still; this still worm is not "the worm
that dieth not !" It is not only sure to die, as all
of them have died, but it seizes with remorseless
death grip on every one of its friends. Think,
what a tiend it is to kill its friends ! and how
powerless it is to harm its enemies.

FURNACE.

About 18 15, Wood and Eberts built a furnace,
on Symmes' Creek, one-half mile from its mouth ;
this was abandoned after three years, probably
for want of sufficient means.

The first blacksmith was Daniel Milton, who
had a shop "at the Furnace" (on Symmes' Creek,
one-half mile from its mouth), in 1816.

WHEELEN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This was the first church built in Madison
township. It was named for Martin Wheelen,
because he donated the site where the church
was built, a part of the southwest quarter of sec-
tion nineteen, owned at present bj^ Geoi-ge King.

The first class was composed of Marlm
Wheelen, and Christiana, his wife, George
Wheelen, and Harriet, his wife, Wm. Wheelen,
and Lusanna, his wife, John Wheelen, Jacob
Wheelen, James Wheelen, Peter Wheelen, and
Sarah Wheelen ; Charles R. Copeland, and Eva-
lina, his wife, Elizabeth Van Horn, Jeremiah
Van Horn, Sarah Van Horn, John Doughty,
and Elizabeth, his wife, Frederick Baum, and
Mary, his wife, Matilda and Clarissa White.
Jarhes Conkling, and Mary, his wife, were the
two original members. James Conkling was
leader.

In 1823, a hewed log church, twenty-four by
thirty-six feet, was built, with two apartments for
convenience, on communion days — for none were
admitted to class meetings but communicants ( ?).
The old house is standing, but there has been no
preaching in it for near forty years.

The following extract from an article on "Early
Methodism," by H. W., will be of interest in this
connection :

"The Methodists had held meetings in Struth-
er's school house, arid also at Wheelen's, a few^
years. They re-erected the present church about
1818 or 1820 ; some say 1821. It was raised and
finished in September. These Methodists used
to keep the "sinners," and the late Sabbath
morning rising saints out of their love feasts.
This house looks as though its east end had for-
mei^ly been a pen in which to keep these lazy
"sheep," and the "goats," till the love feast was
over. In after years, this motley group of saints
and sinners, saying, "open unto us," became so
unruly, and the other end of the house being too
small, they sawed out the "middle wall of parti-
tion," and let them all grow together "till the
harvest," thus making the church as it now
stands, a large one. To all who know this sa-
cred spot, such names as Ellis, Van Home, Hur-
dle, Wheelen, Doughty, Roe, Adams, Copeland,
Stump, and a host of others are familiar. For these
people. Bishop Morris preached more than half
a century ago, and when he was so poorly sup-
ported that he had nothing whatever to pay toll
at the gate, and when, to the shame of his parish-
ioners, in Zanesville, the "sinners" made him a
donation of nearly one hundred dollars. At the
same time, the late Charles Elliott, D.D., sei'ved
this people with his fiery zeal. I believe it was
he who sent to Mrs. Burnside, a few years ago,
a chip out of this old church as a memorial. In
connection with these two, was that inveterate
chicken eater, and zealous minister, S.R. Brock-
unier. It was doubtless he who said, "a turkey
is a very unhandy fowl ; it is too much for one,
but not quite enough for two." These were fol-
lowed by Taylor, Brown, Jacob and David
Young, Christy, Carper, Swornstedt, Blue, and
others. I heard m}' father say. that when that
noble young Christy preached there, in 1826,
that the small children would always listen to
him. In those "good old days," a family like
my grandfather's thought nothing of going six
miles for Sunday morning, or week day meet-
ings."

Perhaps no man that ever lived in Adams
township (and was a member at Wheelen's) was
as popular, and did as much good as Re\'. Jesse
Roe, of the memorable Roe family. It is to be
regretted that the noble lives of such good and
useful men, are not transmitted to paper in his-
toric form, and thus help future generations.

Jesse Roe was a local preacher, and used to
preach all over the hills and plains, in northern
Muskingum, eastern Guernsey, and southern Co-
shocton counties, and did it all gratis. He and
Granville Moody, used to traverse these hills-, the
one preaching, and the other exhorting. While
Dr. Moody still lives, a light to the church and
the world, Jesse Roe was called, at the age of
forty-one j'ears, to his reward. Jesse Roe
died October 28, 1828, aged forty-one years and
two months.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

3^3

PROSPECT METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

Prospect Methodist Protestant Church was
composed of Leonard Hurdle, Hugh King, Su-
sanna Stover, Catharine Stover, and John Wal-
ker, formerly of the Wheelen Methodist Episco-
pal Church, and was organized as a class in 183 1,
by Rev. Mr. Gilbreath. Leonard Hurdle was
leader, and meetings were held at John Walker's
house until 1838, when a log church, twenty-four
by thirty-six, was erected, on land donated by
Leonard Hurdle, which was situated on the
northwest quarter of section twenty-one.

In June, 1861, John Stoner deeded a lot situ-
ated in the northwest quarter of section twenty-
two — adjoining the old building — for a new
church, and, in 1862., a frame building, thirty-
four by forty, was erected, and dedicated by
Rev. J. C. Hazlett.

The present Class Leader is James K. King ;
the Steward is Benjamin Lacy.

The following ministers of the Methodist Pro-
testant Church have served on the Zanesville
Circuit, since 1830: Z.Reagan, John Wilson,
WilUamMcConnell, James Sanford, Phineas In-
skip, Joel Dalby, Cornelius Woodruff, Thomas
Foster, Nathaniel Linder, John Van Zant, Thos.
Cullen, Samuel Gee, William Marshall, William
Baldwin, John Baker, James Friece, William
Doohng, Samuel Lancaster, J. C. Hazlett, H.
T. Lawson, Henry Gray, T. W. Case, Alfred
Harrison, Thomas Orr, Israel Thrapp, Joseph
Thrapp, William Turner, Ezekiel Hoagland,
and Thomas Scott, the present incumbent.

SALfEM METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

The first class was organized in 1834, ^Y Rev.
William Marshall, and comprised the following
members : John Mahan and wife, Elizabeth ;
William Hurdle and wife, Mary ; William Kin-
ney and wife, Margaret; William Kinnej^ Jr.,
and wife, Anna ; Thomas Kinney and wife,
Elizabeth ; John Bice and wife, Mary ; John
Kinney and wife, Susan ; John W. Kinney, and
David Kinney. The leader was John Mahan.

In 1838, a hewed log church was erected, one
mile southeast of the mouth of Simms' creek,
■on land donated by John Bice, for a church and
graveyard. This building was twenty -four by
thirty-six, and stood thirty years, when it was
removed and a frame edifice reared on the site,
thirty-four by forty-two.

The present Trustees are: James King and
James M. Kinney ; the Steward, Newton P.
Shurtz. The Class Leader, John J. Kinney, was
killed by lightning, August 25th, 1880. The
same ministers have served this church who
served theProspect Methodist Protestant Church,
from the date of organization.

PLEASANT HILL METHODIST PROTESTANT
CHURCH.

In 1835, Judge Daniel Stillwell, a Presbyterian,
built a church on his land, in Madison township
{the northeast quarter of section thirteen), pri-
marily, for Presbyterian services, and, seconda-
rily, for any other denomination, when not want-
ed by Presbyterians.

In 1868, Rev. William Baldwin organized a
lyiethodist Protestant class, composed of Wil-
liam St. Clair and Catharine, his wife; Sam-
uel St. Clair and Loviija, his wife ; John Dun-
mead and Deborah, his wife ; John W. Bice and
Jane, his wife ; Robert Layton and Sarah, his
wife ; D. D. Shirer and Cordelia, his wife ; Mary
Ross, and Samuel Hammond and wife.

Samuel Hammond was leader, and D. G.
Shirer, steward. The present leader is Samuel
St. Clair.

The same ministry have served this church
that are named with the Prospect Methodist
Protestant Church.

ST. Matthew's protestant episcopal church.

The first Episcopal services in this township
were held in the Presbyterian (now Methodist
Protestant) Church, Pleasant Hill, by Rev. Wil-
liam A. Smallwood, of Zanesville, in the begin-
ning of October, 1837.

At a meeting held at the house of John C.
Stockton, October 22d, 1838, "St. Matthew's
Parish" was organized, with the following cor-
porate members : Thomas Armstrong, Christo-
pher Humphreys, Jr., Royal Humphreys, Chas.
Long, Johnson Carrigan, William Armstrong,
William Humphreys, Littleton Adams, Robert
Armstrong, Christopher Armstrong, Edward
Adams, Alexander Adams, James Adams, Rob-
ert Shields, Christopher Humphreys, Sr., Chris-
topher Burnside, Crawford Long, John C. Stock-
ton, Charles Marquand, John Marquand, Sr.,
John Marquand, Jr., Royal Burnside, William
Burnside, and Thomas Burnside.

Senior Warden — John C. Stockton.

Junior Warden — Thomas Armstrong.

Vestrymen — Royal Humphreys, Charles Long,
Christopher Burnside, Robert Armstrong.

On April 21st, 1839, ^ meeting of the Vestry
was held, and a site for a church selected, near
the residence of Christopher Humphreys, on
land donated by Evan James. Thomas Arm-
strong, Charles Long, and Christopher Hum-
phrej's, were appointed a Building Committee.

On June 15th, 1839, ^^^ Committee contracted
with Michael Milligan to build a frame church,
twenty-seven by forty, for nine hundred dollars.
August 4th, 1839, t'^e corner-stone was laid by
Rev. W. A. Smallwood.

Thomas Armstrong was elected the first Lay
Delegate, and the following list of communicants
reported to the Convention :

Littleton Adams, Thomas Armstrong, Eliza-
beth Armstrong, William Armstrong, Robert
Armstrong, Christopher Armstrong, Sebastian
Chappotin, William Evans, Christopher Hum-
phreys, Sr., Margaret Humphreys, Christopher
Humphreys, Jr., Catharine Humphreys, Royal
Humphreys, Dorothea Humphreys, Craw^ford
Long, Charles Long, Margaret Long, Catharine
Long, John Marquand, Charles Marquand, John
C. Stockton, Eliza F. Stockton.

In 1840, Rev. Amos Woodward and Alfred
Helfenstein officiated, after which there was a
vacancy for one year, when Rev. Marcus K.

364

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Cushman was rector about eighteen months, and
he was succeeded by Rev. John Henshaw, from
May to October, 1843. From this date, no reg-
ular services were held, ijntil April, 1846, when
Rev. George B. Sturgis became rector.

Services were held in the Presbyterian Church,
which the congregation rented, until May, 1846,
when they were held in their own church.

Rev. Albert T. McMurphy became rector in
April, 1847, and the church was consecrated
September 14th, of that year. Sector McMurphy
remained until 1857, nearly ten years.

The following rectors have served according
to the dates given :

Rev. J. H. McElree, during 1861 and 1862;
Rev. Henry A. Lewis, from July, 1865, to June
18, 1866, when he died ; Rev. John Steel, April
1867, to September of that j^ear, when he re-
signed; Rev. J. C. Jones, from July 1868, to
September, 1871 ; Rev. Chester F. Adams, from
October 1871, to July 1876; Rev. Pendleton,
from July 1876, to June 1879; ^ev. M. E. W.
Hill, in June, 1880, and remains in charge. The
Senior Warden is Leslie Keyes ; Junior Warden,
William Keyes. The number of members is
fourteen.

•'St. Matthew's Parish" owns one hundred
acres of land, in addition to the church lot. It
was deeded by Christopher Armstrong in 1840,
and is situated in the southeast quarter of section
eleven .

In the cemetery connected, with this church,
may be seen a monument containing this inscrip-
tion :

"In memory of Christopher Humphreys, died
September 30th, 1842, aged one hundred and
four years.

"In memory of Margaret, wife of Christopher
Humphreys, died January 4th, 185 1, aged one
hundred years."

THE FIRST STORE.

The first regular store was kept by Copeland
& Parmalee, about 1840. They sold out to
James McMahan, and he to Roe & Beatty, who
did quite an extensive business, in the store and
mill, which they rented. John Bowen, Henry
Copeland, George C. Adams, D. F. Kinney
and A. J. Hurdle succeeded Roe & Beatty.
There is no store in Madison township at this
time. Thomas Pierce kept a small store at his
mill, and, by some, it is claimed that this was
the first store in the township.

OTTERBEIN CHAPEL, UNITED BRE^^^REN CHURCH.

The Symmes' Creek class was formed in 1846,
and composed of John Swoope and Hannah, his
wife, Charles King and Catharine, his wife,
John Miller and Francis, his wife. Rev. James
Shreeves, and Nathaniel Smith.

In 1861, Zachariah Adams deeded one acre of
land to Peter Varner, John Swoope and James
McKinne}', Trustees ; and, in 1864, a frame
house, 25x32, was erected thereon, for religious
purposes ; preaching having been done in school
houses prior to this time.

The ministers who have served this society
were: Rev's. Rice, Camden, McFarland,
Lively, Cecil, Dilley, Sherman, Saltzman, Miller,
Clark, Ehrhard, Roch, Moore, Athey, Stedman,
Clark and Coleman.

The present Ti^ustees are : Chas. McCurney,
John Miller, William Minner, Jacob Minner,
and John Dicke}^ The Class Leaders are :
John Miller and Seldon King. The Steward is
William Minner.

THE FIRST POST OFFICES.

The first Post Offices were established simul-
taneously at the mouth of Symmes' Creek, and
at the residence of Thomas Armstrong. The
latter was postmaster at the office having his
name, and Charles Love was postmaster at the
mouth of Symmes' Creek. This was in 1850.
Thp office at Armstrong's was abandoned in
1863, and the one at the State Dam may soon be.

STONEWARE.

In 1869, William Minner built a pottery at the
forks of Symmes' Creek, and has operated it
successfully ever since ; the clay being of good
quality and abundant. From twelve to fifteen
thousand gallons of ware are made there an-
nually.

Jacob S. King and John T. Swoope, built a
pottery on the Dresden road, one mile north of
the mouth of Symmes" Creek, in 1879, ^^'^ they
are still operating it, with fair success.

MILITARY RECORD.

Volunteers from Madison township, in the One
Hundred and Twenty-second O. V. I. — William
Austin, George Adams, James Armstrong, Jesse
Bales, Washington Baine, Wesley Baum, Israel
Buckalew, Thomas Hittle, Samuel Hazen,
George B. King, Wm. King, Daniel Kinney,
Isaiah Kinney (killed,) James King. Benjamin
King, Harman King, Chas. Minner, William
Steller, Salathiel Tudor, Riley Tudor, Peter
LePage, William Miller, Jarnes McBurney,
John A. Norman, John Noel, Joseph Parkinson,
Isaiah Poorman.

Sixty-second O. V. I. — Zachai-iah Buckalew,
Henry Copeland, John Clark, William Collins,
William Dunmead, Daniel Dunmead, Thomas
Dunmead, Martin Echelberry, WilHam Feagans,
Perry Forker, Daniel Garrett, Henry Garrett,
Wiley Garrett, George Hackney, William
Ramsey, Daniel Shirer, William Stanley, John
Whittingham, Jacob Ross, William Ross, Henry
Ross, Nathan Ross, Harrison Skinner, John
Shadrach, (killed).

One Hundred and Sixtieth O.V. I.— D. F. Kin-
ney, Thomas J. Kinney, Jacob Kinney, George
Thomas.

Ninety-seventh O. V. I. — Thomas Lazell,
Frank Lazell, John St. Clair, Frank VanWestin,
Robert Sebring, George Steel, Andrew Wilson.

Sixteenth O. V. I.— John Smith, Nathan
Stanley and William St. Clair.

****** * *

That there are manj- interesting incidents

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

365

worthy a place in the history of this township,
the historian believes to be true, and when any
one cognizant of them regrets they are not here
narrated, let him place thecensure,if any, where
it belongs, on the stolid reticence of those who,
when interviewed, refrained from communica-
ting them. The foregoing data has been care-
fully detailed, and, when the nature of the infor-
mation permitted, it has been amplified, but not
exaggerated. In closing, the writer would pay a
tribute to the brave heroes who bore arms for
their country, and say with the poet :

" He is the freeman, whom the truth makes free,
And all are slaves beside. There's not a chain
That hellish foes, confederate for his harm,
Can wind around him, but he casts it off
With as much ease as Samson his green withes.
He looks abroad into the varied field
Of Nature ; and, though poor, perhaps, compared
With those whose mansions glitter in his sight,
Calls the delightful scenery all his own. "
And knows that he bared his breast to save it
From the rebel grasp and ruin dire,
And thousands will praise him for it!

SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP.

THE PIONEERS THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE TOWN-
SHIP THE FIRST WHITE PERSON'S DEATH- — THE

FIRST GRIST MILL THE FIRS^I TANNERY

FIRST DISTILLERY FIRST STORE FIRST TAV-
ERN "ZACH chandler's HOTEL" THE FIRST

BLACKSMITH "OLD BUNG-MY-EYE MOORE "

PIONEER PHYSICIAN THE POST OFFICE FOR-
MATION OF THE TOW^NSHIP EARLY RECORDS

EARLIEST RECORD OF AN ELECTION RE-
CEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF TOWNSHIP, 1825
NO RECEIPTS FOR 1826 WARRANT WARN-
ING ]JENJAMIN PEGG AND FAMILY TO LEAVE

"earmarks" A BOUND BOY BOUNDARY OF

THE TOWNSHIP TOPOGRAPHY^ — SALT MINER-
AL WEALTH GEOLOGY CHANDLERSVILLE

SALT CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH AND SUNDAY
SCHOOL METHODISM CH.VNDLERSVILLE AP-
POINTMENT THE NEW CHURCH SUGAR GROVE

APPOINTMENT SCHOOLS PUBLIC LIBRARY

CHANDLERSVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

CHANDLERSVILLE DIVISION, SONS OF TEMPER-
ANCE WAKATOMAKA LODGE I. O. O. F.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH EAGLE AND GAVEL

LODGE F. AND A. M.

The. dawn of the present century, or not later
than the first annual cycle, found this region the
chosen abode of Nathaniel Eddy, William New-
ell, Sr., and Captain John Chandler. These
were men of large hearts and great sagacity,
and as might be expected, the region chosen for
their future operations would be accepted as of
more than ordinary promise, and therefore, they
would draw around them kindred spirits. Accord-
ingly we find they were followed, soon after, by
Messrs. Simmons, Stephen Reeve, John Brew-
ster, WiUiam Dixon, George Clapper and

David Peairs ; and they, soon after, by Jacob
Crumbaker, Jacob Wilhelm, Robert Linn, Sr.,
Peter Sarchet, Thomas Brady, (now of Rich
Hill township,) Abraham Warne and Joseph
'Culbertson ; the latter vvas living in the autumn
of 1880, near Chandlersville, aged 93. John
Chandler's family, which consisted of himself,
wife and six sons, became prominent in the his-
tory of this township ; they were Zachary, Mar-
tin, John, Stephen, Samuel, Guy and daughter
Polly. The latter, married Jacob Wilhelm,
father of J. C. Wilhelm, of Duncan's Falls.

The first house in the township was built by
Captain John Chandler. It was a double log,
and stood near'the brick house occupied by Dr. .
Lenhart, in Chandlersville. This house was not
finished until 1802, and was of the kind in vogue,
with " puncheon floors," and the only nails used
in its construction were of wrought iron, made
by Mr. Chandler, for the doors. A few years
later, Mr. Chandler erected a substantial brick
dwelling, that is still doing good sei'vice.

Stephen Reeve inaugurated matrimony in
1803, by being united to Miss Mary Briggs.
One year later, his example was followed by
Zachary Chandler and Miss Fanny Bingham ;
and again, by James Dixon and Miss Ann Her-
ron, of Rich Hill township, about 1806. Mr.
Dixon was 40 years old at the time, and his
father, William Dixon, on hearing that his "boy"
had married, remarked, "Succeeded at last!
Jimmy has been fishing for a wife these forty
years, and caught a herring at last."

Captain John Chandler's wife was the first
white person to die in the township ; this sad
event took place in 181 1 .

Stephen and Mary Reeve were the first to be-
come pare"nts in the new settlement ; this joyous
event happened in August, 1805.

The first grist mill was built by Captain John
Chandler, on his land bordering on Salt Creek ;
here, also, he erected a saw mill. His mill
ground the first bushel of corn and wheat in Salt
Creek township.

The grist mill was built prior to 18 10, and
consumed by fire in 18x1-12. The stones were
not of buhr, but ordinar\r, dug from the bed of
the creek near by. Llewellyn Howell and Silas
Robinson, built the second mill, which was a
duplicate of the Chandler mill. Samuel Mc-
Cune had a saw and grist mill on Big Salt creek,
some time between 1815 and 1818.

The first tannery was probably inaugurated
by Zachary Chandler, in 1810.

The first distillery was built in 1814, by Wil-
liam Scott, who tested his whiskey by tasting,
and when pretty full of samples, he accidentally
set fire to his establishment ; he perished in the
flames.

The first store was probably opened by Bern-
hard Brewster, having a small stock of goods ;
this was about 181 2. This was in the same
building spoken of elsewhere as occupied by
Dr. Lenhart at this time. Mr. Brewster's ven-
ture was followed by a more successful enterprise
1 by John Stevens, subsequently of Zanesville.

366

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

A few years later, John Moore entered the mer-
cantile arena. These pioneer merchants have
left this township.

"The first tavern in these parts," was kept by
Zachary Chandler, who "opened up" in a
frame building in 1815 ; this was considered a
great relief to his neighbors, as none of them
cared to acccommodate the traveler. " Zach
Chandler's hotel, or tavern," was sought out by
the wayfarer, notwithstanding the accomoda-
tions were not ambitious. In those days, straw
beds and tallow dip candles were luxuries ; and
as "Zach" had the monopoly in this business,
no one complained. Five years later, the tavern
was kept by Mr. Cuberday, and Was consumed
by fire. About 1820, Robert Linn opened his
residence for the accommodation of the public.
This was near the present residence of Robert
Linn, Jr.

The first blacksmith was the redoubtable Cap-
tain John Chandler, who was so near akin to
Vulcan that he did his own smithing, and had
the first forge. The township was without a
professional blacksmith until the arrival of "Jerry"
Joseph, in 1810. He was but fairly inaugurated
when William Moore entered the arena to com-
pete for the honors, about 1812. Mr. Moore
was not only a clever workman, but a marvelous
story teller and singer ; his favorite ballad was a
character song, which he called " Old Bung-
My-Eye," which he is represented to have sung
with convulsing effect. From this circumstance,
he was called " Old Bung-My-Eye Moore," by
which he is remembered to this day.

The pioneer physician was Dr. Daniel Bliss,
who carried his saddle bags whithersoever he
went. He arrived in the township in 1812, and
is represented as a genial man, whos'e counte-
nance was a welcome medicine.

The Postoflice owes its inception to Captain
John Chandler. He was acting Postmaster as
early as 1804, and held that oflfice many years.
His successor was John Stevens, the merchant
spoken of; he was succeeded by N. Chapman,
who filled the responsible position many years,'
and was succeeded by Isaac Britton. Mr. Brit-
ton's successor was Llewellyn Pierce, who was
succeeded by Thomas M. Crumbaker, and he
in turn by William Ferguson, who was succeed-
ed by Israel P. Robinson, and he by the present
incumbent, O. H. P. Crumbaker. During Mr.
Chandler's administration of postal affairs, the
mail was carried on horseback, and served
weekly. As the roads were opened, and the
quantity of mail matter increased, wagons, called
mail coaches by some, and stages by others,
came into use ; and in process of time a tri-
weekly mail was delivered. July i, 1880, a daily
mail to Zanesville was established.

FORMATION OF THE TOWNSHIP.

This occurred in connection with two other
townships ; the Commissioner's Journal reads as
follows: "Cambridge, Salt Creek, and Falls
townships, March 9th, 1808. A petition from
sundry persons being presented to the Board,

praying the incorporation of sundry townships
within the county, was granted, the boundaries
being established and ordered for record, were
named, to wit, Cambridge, Salt Creek and Falls,
and also one petition praying an alteration of
one line of Madison township, was granted and
ordered on record." [Page 3, Commissioner's
Journal, March 9th, 1808.]

EARLY RECORDS.

The minutes of the proceedings, dated May
3d, 1823, show that Edward Halley, Nathan
Frazee and Eli Sherman, Township Trustees,
met and appointed Johnson Brewster, Samuel
Bliss and Senet Ramey, Supervisors ; William
Howell, as Viewer ; A. Briggs was Town Clerk,
which position he filled for a number of years
succeeding. The date of the first election is not
given, but must have been prior to 1822, as Mr.
G. P. Crumbaker remembers that John Brewster
was. a Justice of the Peace in that year. The
earliest record of an election is under date of
April 5th, 1824. At this dme A. Briggs was
again chosen Town Clerk, as were also Eli Sher-
man, Nathan Frazee and Edward Halley, for
the second time, elected Township Trustees.
The other officers chosen, were Z. R. Chandler
' (probably Zachary Chandler, spoken of in an-
other part of this history) and John Reechey,
Overseers of the poor ; Thomas Officer and John
McCracken, Fence Viewers ; Noah Joseph,
Constable and Appraiser ; and David Peairs,
Treasurer.

February 17, 1825 — At an election held this
date, John Richey had thirty-eight votes for Jus-
tice of the Peace ; David Peairs, forty-six for the
same office.

April 25, 1825 — The receipts and expendi-
tures of the township, for year ending with this
date, was as follows :

RECEIPTS.

A. Reeve $11 50

J. Karns 10 50

A. Briggs 4 00

J.Brewster 2 00

Total $28 00

EXPENDITURES .

J. Crumbaker $11 50

A Briggs 2 00

J.Brewster 1 50

E. Crane... 1 50

N.Joseph 1 50

J. Krans 1 00

S. Chandler 5 00

D. Peairs 2 17|

$26 17f
Balance on hand 1 82j

$ 28 00

April 4, 1825 — The Trustees retained two dol-
lars and twenty-five cents ($2.25) of the cash ap-
propriated for road purposes, for their fees in ex-
pending same.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKJNGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Z(>1

April 3, 1826 — No receipts or expenditures in
township, for year ending this date.

October 3, 1826 — Warrant issued to warn
Benjamin Pegg and family, Samuel Pegg, and
Nancy Pegg, to depart the township as paupers.
Constable's fee, $0.50.

April II, 1829 — The ear marks made use of
by Robert McCracken, Sr., on his cattle, sheep
and hogs, is a slit in the left ear, and a square
notch out of the under side of the right ear.

November 9, 1838 — ^Josiah Clapper bound his
son Alfred, aged sixteen years and eleven months,
to Michael Morrison, to learn the art, trade, and
mystery of blacksmithing.

THE BOUNDARY OF SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP.

The boundary has been changed from time to
time, as her territory has been diminished by the
formation of other townships, and as the records
concerning these changes, however imperfectly
given by the Commissioners at the time, consti-
tute a part of the recital concerning those town-
ships, it is not deemed necessary, at this time, to
give any but the present boundaries, to-wit. :
On the north by Perry chiefly, and a part of
Union township ; on the south, by Blue Rock
chiefly, and a fraction of Wayne township ; on the
east, by Rock Hill township, and on the west by
Wayne township.

Topographically, it is undulating, with but lit-
tle of the old forest beauty, although some grand
old trees remain to speak of the glory of other
days. Salt Creek flows through from north to
south, west into the Muskingum River, and has
several important tributaries, the White Eyes
Run being the chief. The township is consider-
ed well watered. The predominance of salt in
the leading stream, suggested the name for the
township. The soil is locally called white oak
and limestone, the significance of which is that
it is largely clay, combining the elements of Hme-
stone, and is well adapted to wheat; other cere-
als, however, do well there. Some locahties are
favorable to horticulture.

Salt was extensively made in this region, and,
it is said, was known to the red inen, when white
men first appeared here. The principal salt
wells were in the region, now the suburbs of
Chandlersville. In 1801-4, Eddy, Sprague, and
Captain John Chandler, controlled this industry,
furnishing salt to their neighbors for many miles
around.

The first salt well was located near where
McNeely's blacksmith shop now stands ; the
water was drawn up by a sweep pole, and a half
barrel, for a bucket, at which Mr. Reeve worked
. many a day. Many of the early settlers were en-
gaged in salt making. After the well just allud-
ed to, another was opened, and a company or-
ganized at Waterford, prominent among whom
was Ezra Sherman, who brought sixteen kettles
from Pittsburgh, for evaporating the salt water.
These two wells seem to have created a rivalry
of interest, for the companies worked them al-
ternately, each a month.

SUPPOSED MINERAL WEALTH.

A supposed vein of silver was found, in boring

for salt, and without careful examination, men
jumped to the conclusion that it was an Eldorado,
in a grander sense, than the wealth of salt found
by boring. A company called "the Muskingum
Mining Company," was formed, under the man-
agement of Dr. Conant. They had "their trouble
for their pains," as it was found that a sharper
had salted a well with silver coin, ground up.»
The well in which the discovery was made, was
within a short distance of the main street in Chan-
dlersville.

The oil excitement was but little less, but died
out.

SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP GEOLOGICALLY.

The following Geological section was obtained
in section thirteen. Salt Creek township :

_ Feei. Inches.

1. Heavy Sandstone 20 0

2. Coal.'. 2 0

3. Clay ; 2 0

4. Not exposed 40 0

5. Clay and iron ore 2 10

6. Shale 11 0

7. Limestone and iron ore 0 10

8. Shale, with nodules of si derite ore 6 0

BED OF SALT CREEK.

The following geological section was obtained
on the land of J. A, Clapper, section eight, in
this township :

Feel. Inches.

1. Finely laminated sandstone 6 0

2. Feruginous shale, with nodules of sid-

derite ore 6 0

3. Finely laminated black slate 0 7

4. Coal, Alexander seam 3 1

5. Cnay 5 0

6. Limestone 1 0

7. Highly feruginous limestone, changing

in places to siderite ore 2 0

This limestone, with its contained iron, might
perhaps serve a good purpose as a flux in a blast
furnace.

The following geological section was obtained
in the hill by L. Pierce's, section eleven, Salt
Creek township :

Feet. Inches.

1. Buff shale 48 0

2. Coal, reported thickness 2 6

3. Clay 3 0

4. Not exposed , 4 0

5. Shale ' 20 0

6. Sandstone 4 0

7. Shale 30 0

8. Clay and iron ore 0 6

9. Shale 11 0

10. Coal blossom

11. Clay 5 0

12. Not exposed 19 0

13. Finely laminated sandstone 22 0

14. Not exposed 5 0

15. Coal blossom

16. Clay 5 0

17. Coarse sandstone 14 0

18. Shale 15 0

[Geological report, 1873, vol. i, pp. 338-9. E.

B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist.]

368

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

CHANDLEKSVILLE .

The settlement of this village, the only one in
the township of Salt Creek, is substantially the
same as that of the township itself. It was laid
out hy John Stevens, who gave it the name it
now bears, in honor of Captain John Chandler,
one of the most public-spirited of the early set-
tlers.

Within a stone's throw of the village, were lo-
cated the salt wells, spoken of in another part of
this chapter ; also, the famous silver mine.

At one time, the village gave promise of grow-
ing into importance. It once had a bank, and a
good hotel ; now it has no bank.

Its present business, and other interests, are
as follows : Three general stores, one devoted
to drugs, one millinery shop, two blacksmith
shops, one wagon shop, one steam saw and grist
mill, two harness shops, one undertaker, four
physicians, one dentist, one hotel, one good pub-
lic school, one Methodist Church, one Presby-
terian Church, a public hall, and a Lodge, each, of
Masons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Temperance.

The village is unincorporated. In 1880, the
population was two hundred and fifty. It is
connected with Zanesville (distance, ten miles),
by a daily line of mail and passenger hacks;
fare, forty cents.

SALT CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH.

The organization of this society was effected
by Elder Hewey Pringle and Daniel Horton,
September 14th, 181 1, at the residence of the
last named gentleman. The society then had
ten members. In the Constitution are the fol-
lowing named : Henry Pringle, David tlorton,
Isaiah Culver, Samuel White, Phoebe Horton,
Nancy Culver, Ruth Wartenby, Rachael Brown.

On the day the church was organized, Evan
Crane, James Montaina, Mary Pringle, and
Phebe Stenrod, were admitted by baptism. All
these are now deceased.

For eleven years after the organization was
effected. Rev. Henry Pringle was pastor.

The first church was built of hewn logs, and
stood upon the site of the present building. This
early church was a two-storied structure. It had
a gallery and was comfortably seated, and suffi-
ciently large to accommodate the congregation.

For four years following 1821, G. C. Sedwick
was pastor. In 1825, William Sedwick accepted
a call, and continued with the congregation for
twelve years. During this gentleman's pastor-
ate, the membership increased from sixty to one
hundred and twenty-five. Reuben Berkley was
pastor from 1838 to Januarj?, 1842, when he died.

From 1842 to 1849, William Mears filled the
pulpit. Next, came G. C. Sedwick (second
time), for ten years. He was followed by S. L.
Parsel, for one year, ending in March, 1861,
when he, too, died. W. D. Siegfried followed
Mr. Parsel, and remained until April, 1863.
Following this gentleman, was Rev. A. J. Am-
erman, for two years. B. Y. Siegfried next
served the society for a few months, when he
resigned (1865).

The more recent pastors have been as follows :
C. N. Harford, James Herbert, Thomas M. Er-
win (five years), J. A. Davies, George Swan-
hart, and the present incumbent — J. Chambers.

SALT CREEK BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL.

This school is in connection with the church
having the same name. It has been established
many years, has a library of one hundred and
fifty, or more, volumes, and is in a fairly pros-
perous condition.

In 1867, sixty scholars wereeni-olled. At that
time, George Martin was Superintendent. In
1880, George Smith filled that office.

SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

In the year 181 2, a non-sectarian Sabbath
School was formed, consisting of two Bible
classes, taught by Elder Curray and Rev. Mr
Dale. The place of meeting was a log school
house, then in the western suburbs of Chandlers-
ville. This Httle school struggled on, meeting
with but little success, until 1825, when it was
organized, and Samuel Rose appointed Super-
intendent.

In 1826, Dr. James Thompson was chosen
Superintendent, and served six \ears. The
school then held its summer sessions in an old
frame building, bought of the Muskingum
Mining Company, and, in the winter, returned
to the log school house, mentioned above.

In 1832, John Moore was elected Superintend-
ent. From 1836 to 1842, Dr. Robert Marshall
held this office.

On the completion of the Chandlersville Pres-
byterian Church, (1834), the school met in this
edifice, and continues to do so. From time of
meeting in this church, the school has been
known as the Chandlersville Presbyterian Sun-
day School ; but in point of tact is now, and ever
has been, fion-sectarian. Llewelh'n Howell
was superintendent from 1842 to 1848. Others
having held this office, are : M. Morrison, Hor-
ace Chandler, Dr. H. S. Nye, Wm. Price. Rev.
John Kelle^^ (for a few weeks only), H. N.
Chandler, W. J. Chandler, John Morgan, Rob-
ert Hunter, Dr. Henry Dennison, F. R. Mooi'-
head, Isaac Martin, R. P. Chambers, and A. P.
Vogt. Isaac Martin is now, (Sept. 1880), lor
the second time, acting Superintendent. While
Dr. Nye was Superintendent, the school, prob-
ably, reached its zenith. It then began keeping
a record of its proceedings ; also made xaluable
additions to its library. The present average
attendance is about sevent}' pupils.

METHODISM.

The history of evangelization reveals the fact,
that about the time the pioneer was reckoned an
integer of a new settlement, that settlement was
visited by a Methodist preacher.

The M. E. Church, at Mansfork, in Salt Creek
township. — As early as 1812, Rev. James Watts
preached at this point, and formed a class ; in
1818, Thomas A. Morris preached at Eli Sher-
man's, about two miles west of the present meet-

THE CRESCENT MILLS, Rambo Bros., Proprietors, Dresden, Ohio.

THE

DRESDEN STOVE WORKS, J. L. Adams & Co., Proprietors.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

369

ing house. (Morris was afterwards elected a
Bishop of the M. E. Church.) The class con-
sisted, of Eli Sherman, Margaret Sherman, Mrs.
Frazier, Levi Reeve, Sarah Reeve, John A.
GrandstafF, Bathsheba Grandstaff, Jacob McLain
and Elizabeth McLain. They were joined by
John and Catharine Ward, who were the first
probationers. The. first to join by letter were
John and Rebecca Outkelt. And it was at their
house where preaching was done for many years,
until the first church, a hewed log structure, was
built, in 1829.

"The Chandlersville appointment" began
soon after that of Mansfork, and was the subject
of much prayer and patient toil, by Wm. Knox,
who began his labor in 1816. That he made a
good impression is evident, ' from the fact
that the conference, to which he belonged, sent
thither, successively, zealous laborers, to culti-
vate the vineyard. John Waterman, 1817 ; John
Vivis, and Samuel Glaze, in 1818 ; Thomas
A. Morris, and Charles Elliot, in 1819; S. R.
Brockunier, and Samuel Gilruth, in 1820 ;
Jacob Hooper, and Archibald McElroy, in 1821 ;
Leroy Swormstedt, M. M. Henkle, and David
Young, in 1822 ; Bmxows Westalee, and J. P.
Durbin, in 1823 ; William Cunningham, and
Thomas Beachman, in 1824 ; Ed. H. Taj'lor,
and Asa Brown, in 1825 ; Z. H. Coston, and
Michael Ellis, in 1826 ; C. Springer, and J.
Callahan, in 1827-8 ; Joseph Carper, in 1828-9 ;
W. B. Christie, 1829 ; A. M. Gordon, and Gil-
bert Blue, in 1830; Jacob Delay, and Wm.
Young, in 1831 ; J. W. Gilbert, L. P. Miller, in
1832; J. McMahan, Samuel Harvey, Cyrus
Brooks, and Hiram Gearing, in 1833 ; Henr}^
S. Fernandiz, in 1834-5 ' ^- Woodbridge, and
A. Carroll, in 1835-6; James Gurley, in 1837
George Fate, and Joseph S. Brown, in 1838
James Armstrong and Abner GofT, in 1839-40
L. H. Jennings, i^n 1840 ; T. R. Ruckle, in 1841,
and under his administration the new church at
Chandlersville was erected, although not finished
for some years afterward. It has been repaired
from time to time, and is in a comfortable condi-
tion. In 1842, A. Magee, and L. Petty came ;
in 1844, Chester Morrison ; 1844, Walter Athey ;
1845, I. V. Baird ; i8467'D'avid Cross; 1847,
C.E. Weirick; 1848, J. J. Mclliar ; 1849, James
C. Taylor, and P. K. McCure ; 1850, D. P.
Mitchell; 185 1-2, John Hare; 1853-4, Robert
Bovd, and under his ministry the church at
Sugar Grove was built ; it was a frame, and su-
perseded the log structure that was built in 1829.
1855-6, HoseaMcCall ; Richard Cartright, Wal-
ter Bell, and John Mason ; Jacob Young was
Presiding Elder, from 1816 to 1820, and Jona-
than Stancher, frgm 1820 to 1821 ; Jacob Young,
from 1821 to 1826 ; David Young, from 1826
to 1830 ; Leroy Swormstedt, from 1830 to 1834 ;
John Levee, from 1835 to 1836 ; David Young,
from 1836 to 1840 ; R. O. Spencer, from 1840 to
1841 ; E. H. Taylor, from 1841 to 1845 ; Samuel
Roarer Brockunier, from 1848 to 1849 ' James C.
Taylor, from 1849 ^o 1853 ; James Henderson,
from 1853 to 1857 ; F. Mofiit, from 1857 to 1861 ;

J. Higgins, from 1861 to 1862 ; H. Miller, from
1862 to 1866 ; L. McGuire, from 1866 to 1871 ;
A. W. Butts, from 1871 to 1872 ; S. M. Hickman,
from 1872 to 1876; and A. H. Norcross, from
1876 to 1880. In 1857, the pastor in charge,
was W. P. C. Hamilton ; 1858, Madison Close ;
1859-60, Henry Snyder, Andrew Hueston ; 1861-
2, I. N. McAbee, W. Brady; 1863, J. B. Tay-
lor, W. Gamble; 1864-5, N. C. Worthington,
Jesse Evans, Hugh Edwards ; 1866, Hugh Ed-
wards ; 1867, A. D. McCormick ; 1868, A. C.
Williams ; 1869, H. H. Hagans ; 1870-3, R. S.
Strahl; 1873 to 1875, D. Gordon; 1875 to 1877,
D. C. Knowles ; 1877 to 1879, J- ^- Robins;
1880, George M. Wilson.

Chandlersville and Sugar Grove appointments
were formerly in Norwich Circuit, and, in 1869,
wei"e joined with Fairview and Duncan's Falls
appointments, and known as Duncan's Falls Cir-
cuit, withH. H. Hagans, pastor in charge; he
was succeeded as stated above. We are indebted
to Geo. M.Wilson for the foregoing data.

DAY SCHOOLS.

Abigail Bingham and Nira Chandler taught a
school in Salt Creek township, in 1812-13, in the
suburbs of Chandlersville, near Christian Plant's
residence, in a conventional log temple. Miss
Chandler subsequently became the wife of John
Hammond, who, at a later date, taught school in
the same building. Mr. G. P. Crumbaker is
one of a small number surviving, who attended
this school. About 1814, Thomas Jordan, (some
of the old settlei-s think his name was John,)
taught school in this same log school house.
Thomas Brady, of Rich Hill township, and
"Jerry" Warne's widow were pupils in that
school. They were each eighty vears old
in 1880.

About 1823, Harriet Culbertson, daughter of
John Culbertson, taught school in the old log
building. Miss Scott and Mrs. Burnham taught
there also.

April 23, 1825, the township was divided into
eight school districts. No change has been
made in this, except in the boundaries of some dis-
tricts. These districts were soon supplied with
a log school house, and inaugurated a six month's
school in each. The present neat and commo-
dious frame school houses were erected instead
of the old log buildings, between 1855 and t86o, at
a cost of a little more than $400 each.

The Chandlersville school was built in i860,
and cost $1,300. September 27th, 1879, the total
number of children in the township, of school
age, was three hundred and forty-seven. Of
this number, one hundred and fifteen were en-
rolled in the Chandlersville school district.
August 31st, 1879, the total value of school prop-
erty was $3,500. The total expenses of the
schools for the year ending on last named date,
was $2,225.02. Seventeen teachers were em-
ployed for that year.

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Scarcely had the first quarter of the present

370

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

century rolled by, than the want of more reading
material was declared, and steps taken for gath-
ering a library for the public. This culminated
in founding what was known as the "Franklin
Society Library." The societj^ accumulated
quite a collection of books, and charged the
moderate sum of two dollars for meimbership as-
sessment, and one dollar annual fee thereafter.
This society went down for want of sufficient
funds to support it.

CHANDLERSVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

At as early a date as 1814 a religious body of
the Presbyterian faith was organized. From
the seed thus early sown, has sprung the pros-
perous and influential Chandlersville Presby-
terian Church of to-day. In 1818, a Mr. Taylor
occasionally preached, sometimes in one of the
few log houses then existing, but oftener in
" God's first temples," the groves. Rev. Mr.
Baldridge was the first regular Presbyterian
minister. He came soon after Mr. Taylor,
possibly later in the sarne year. Like Mr. Tay-
lor, Rev. Baldridge occasionally preached in the
open air, but oftener in the dwelling of Abraham
Warne. Some years later the society built a
small frame house, which was used until the
present brick church was completed. This old
frame was eventually sold to one of the Chand-
lers, and used by him as a hotel stable. "To
what base uses, etc." The present brick edifice
was built in 1834, ^y Samuel Anderson. The
prominent members of the organization, on com-
pletion of the new house of worship, were Abra-
ham Warne, John Moore, James and Llewellyn
Howell, and Wm. Cooper. The seating capac-
ity of the building is about four hundred ; present
membership, one hundred and twenty-five.

Below are given, in the order in which they
filled that position, the names of the i^egular
pastors since 1834 :

Samuel Wilson, Thomas Gordon, Moses M.
Brown, John P. Caldwell, John Kelley, Henry
Fulton, M. L. Donohue, and D. M.Williamson,
who now fills the pulpit.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

This society, numerically the weakest in the
township, dates its organization back to 1857-58.
The first regular pastor was Rev. James Shreevs.
Christian Plant and Mr. Williamson were two of
the prominent members at the formation of the
society. The first place of meeting was in what
was then known as the "Eight-Square" school-
house, well remembered on account of its un-
common shape.

From his opposition to the Sons of Temper-
ance, then very popular. Rev. Shreevs made
himself somewhat obnoxious' in the neighbor-
hood, and, perhaps, delayed the early growth of
the church. His ministration was of short dura-
tion.

In 1826, Mr. Plant donated to the society the
ground upon which its present log house stands.

and also aided in its erection. Its location is
about two and one-half miles northwest of Chan-
dlersville. Reverends Sisel, Cummings, and
Forbyan, have, since the retirement of Mr.
Shreevs, regularly filled the pulpit. The organ-
ization, in- 1880, had no regular pastor. The
greatest number of members has been thirtj--
two ; the present number, twenty-two.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

In the village of Chandlersville are located all
the secret and benevolent societies of the town-
ship. The Masons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of
Temperance, have one Lodge, each, as follows:

GAGE AND GAVEL LODGE, NO. 448, F. AND A. M.

This Lodge was instituted July 26th, 1870, and
the charter issued October 9th, of the same year.
The charter members were : William Frazee,
W. G. Henderson, S. B. Reeder, Enos Smitley,
O. H. P. Crumbaker, B. F. Richey, M. R. Mc-
Clelland, D. S. Sutton, S. J. Bliss, George
Smith, Henry Ludman, G. R. Crumbaker, F.
R. Moorehead, John Leedom, H. C. Smitley,
Robert Linn.

The first officers chosen were : M. R. Mc-
Clelland, W. M. ; F. R. Moorehead, S. W. ;
Henry Ludman, J. W. In 1880, Robert Mcln-
tire was Master; I. W. Robinson, S. W. ; and
Jonathan Echelberry, J. W.

The Lodge meets monthly, on the Thursday
evening preceding the full moon. There are
forty-two members.

WAKATAMO LODGE, NO. 32 1, I. O. O. F.

The charter was issued May 14th, 1857, and
the Lodge instituted July 3d. of the same year.
These names are in the charter: A. S. Kille, I.
Brittan, J. P. Saftbrd, T. P. Crumbaker, F. S.
Moorehead.

The first election resulted in the choice of the
following ofticers: J. P. Saftbrd, N. G. ; A. C.
Kille, V. G. : T. M. Crumbaker, Secretary- ; L
Brittan, Treasurer.

In 1880, the Lodge met each Monday night,
in Temperance Hall, and had thirty-seven mem-
bers.

SONS OF TEMPERANCE.

Chandlersville Division of Sons of Temper-
ance, No. 325. — The charter of this body bears
date August, 1847, and has upon it these names :
J. C. Wolf, Peter LePage, T. S. Moore, R. C.
Barton, H. S. Virden, C. Benjamin, Thomas
Passmore, R. Marshall, M.D., William D. Col-
vin.

The Lodge owns its hall, as well as the build-
ing in which it is located ; is now (1880) in a
fairly prosperous condition, and meets every
Saturday evening.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

371

WASHIN&TON TO^VNSHIP.

ISAAC PRIOR THE VENERABLE MRS. ELIZABETH

BOGGS PIONEERS THE FIRST ROAD — THE NA-
TIONAL ROAD RAILROADS FORMATION OF

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP TOWNSHIP OFFICERS

BOUNDARIES OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

TAVERNS FIRST ORCHARD FIRST HEWED LOG

HOUSE^ — ^THE FIRST MARRIAGE FIRST BIRTH

FIRST DEATH FIRST MILL FIRST COAL MINED

FIRST TANNERY FIRST DISTILLERY THE

SCHOOLS BLACKSMITH — FIRST STORE WES-
LEY CHAPEL VILLAGE OF JACKSON PLEASANT

GROVE M. E. CHURCH BAPTIST CHURCH

WASHINGTON CHAPEL ST. JOHN's LUTHERAN

CHURCH — ST. John's union sunday school —

MILITARY RECORD — GEOLOGY.

The history of this township, though not ex-
tensive, is replete with interest, and dates back
almost as far as any other in the county, and,
fortunately, can be verified in the details here
given, by persons yet living, particularly the
venerable Mrs. Elizabeth Boggs, from whom
many interesting incidents have been obtained,
and who came here, with her husband, in 1805.

The first settler was Isaac Prior, who came
with his family, from Pennsylvania, and settled
on the Wheeling road, five miles from Zanesville,
A. D. 1801 ; the land is now owned by A. C.
Howard. He made the first clearing, and plant-
ed the first corn in the township. He built the
first hewed log house, and kept the first tavern,
or hotel — these terms had the same meaning.

John Dickson came soon after and built his
cabin and cleared three acres, near "Three-mile
Spring ;" he, also, kept a place of entertainment.

John Slack, from Loudon county, Virginia,
came in 1806, and built a hewed log house —
which he roofed with shingles^-about five miles
from Zanesville, on land now owned by James
Galloway. He, with his sons, Jacob and Geoi'ge,
opened a road from his house to the Wheeling
road, on the route now used as the Adamsville
road. Jacob Slack drove the first team over that
road, from his father's house to the Wheeling
road.

Moses Boggs, from Delaware, came in 1805,
and purchased land from Noah Zane, in the
eastern part of the township. He had a family
of six children — three boys and three girls. He
was a County Commissioner from 1840 to 1843.

During this year, came, also, Joseph Evans
and family,' George Crain and family ; Joseph
Vernon, wife, and twelve children ; John Echel-
berger, Jacob Livingood, and Elijah Hart. The
latter two were from Pennsylvania. John Wal-
ters came soon after, probably early in 1806,
during which year General Robert McConnell,
from Pennsylvania, came and settled on the land
now owned by William Fox. It is said that
these pioneers died on, or very near, the places
they settled, excepting Robert McConnell, who
removed to McConnellsville, which place he
started.

■John Spears came in 18 10, and purchased the

tavei-n stand formerly kept by Job Dickson, and
kept tavern there until his death, June 21, 1816,
and the property was rented to George Huff.

George Swank, from Loudon county, Vir-
ginia, came in 181 1, and located on the farm now
owned by his sons. Fle is remembered as a very
hospitable German, who delighted in entertain-
ing his friends. He died in 1841.

John Robertson came in 181 2.

John Wall, from Eastern Pennsylvania, came
in 1820.

The following are believed to have come here
before 1816, but the time cannot now be fixed :
Isaac Beatty, J. W. Spry, William McConnell,
Spencer Lehew, John Price, George Jay, Wil-
liam Keatly, Albert Cole, and Samuel Cassel ;
and the Suttons and Batemans probably came
before 1820.

Jonah Hague, from Virginia, came in 1822,
with a family of fifteen children. L. McLain
and John McCashlin came soon after.

The first road was opened by Jacob Slack,
from what is known as Conrad's place to the old
Wheeling road, intersecting the latter a short
distance east of the late James Moore's farm.
This was in the summer of 1806, and, in 1813, the
Adamsville road was surveyed, and located .on
this tract ; it was the first county road in the
township.

The National Road passes through the south-
ern part of the township, a distance of six miles,
and is the only pike in Washington township.

RAILROADS.

The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes across
the township at its lower third, from one side to
the other, and gives the benefit of that important
road to the township, for all purposes. The "C.
& M. V." traverses the western border of the
township, crossing the "B. &0.," at Zanesville,
and diverging from it at section five, in this town-
ship, having run parallel with that I'oad from
Zanesville to this point, thus giving the 'town-
ship the benefits of competing lines to this point.

Gilbert Station, located on the C. & M. V. R.
R., six miles from Zanesville, on the property of
O. C. Shirtz, derives its name from Gilbert
Beatty. In 1872, Mr. Shirtz built a storehouse,
and started a postoffice, at this place. In 1875,
he opened a general store, and built a large
building for a flouring mill, and grain house ;
this, however, has not been completed. ■ Mr.
Shirtz is the first and only postmaster. In 1879,
he built a blacksmith shop. These enterprises
constitute all there is, beside the railroad busi-
ness, at Gilbert Station.

THE FORMATION OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.

Wednesday, June 5, 1822.

The Commissioners met, agreeable to adjourn-
ment, present, all three, as heretofore.

A petition having been presented, from a
number of the inhabitants of Zanesville town-
ship, north of the mihtary line, praying that a
township may be struck off from the said Zanes-
ville township, and the Commissioners, believing

372

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

the same necessary for the convenience of the
injiabitants and township officers, whereupon,
the Commissioners order a new township to be
struck off, according to the following bounda-
ries, to wit : Beginning at the southwest corner
of township one, in range six, on the military
line, thence running west with said military line,
to the southwest corner of Beeford's farm, on
the Wheeling road, thence north, with the west
boundary line of Beeford's farm, until it strikes
Joseph Sheets' land, thence west a'nd north with
the west boundary of said Sheets' land, to lands
belonging to John Lehue's estate, thence west
and north with the west boundary of Lehue's
land, on the line between Lehue's land and
Jeffi^ey Price, with said line northerly to Mill
Run, thence down Mill Run to the Muskingum
river, thence up the river till it strikes the east
and west line, through the cfenti-e of township
two, in range seven, thence east with said line
between Jackson and Copeland's land, and on
with said line until it strikes the range line be-
tween ranges six and seven, at the northeast cor-
ner of the fourth quarter, of the second township,
in the seventh range, thence south with the
range line, between range six and seven, to the
plage of beginning, which shall constitute a new
township, to be called Washington township ;
also, ordered that the Auditor advertise for an
election, to be held at the house of Mathias Col-
shier, on the twenty-second day of June, instant,
to elect a sufficient number of township officers,
in, and for said township of Washington. [See
Commissioners Journal of this date, pages 87
and 88. J

THE ELECTION OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

The first election held in Washington town-
ship, was at the house of Mathias Colshier, on
the 22d day of June, 1822, for township offi-
cers. Joseph Evans, Anthony H. Woodruff, and
George W. Jackson, were Judges, and John
HoweH, and Wm. Evans were Clerks.

As the result of this election, the following
were declared to be the township officers,
to wit :

Trustees — Robert McConnell, Moses Boggs
and James Huff.

Overseers of Poor — Robert Culbertson, and
Robert Boggs.

Clerk — Samuel Orr, Jr.
. Supervisors of Roads — John Harris, Anthony
Woodruff, and Nicholas Closser.

Fence Viewers — Nicholas Closser, and Ma-
thias Colshier.

Treasurer — William Culbertson.

Justices of the Peace — (The first elected Au-
gust 10, 1822,) George W. Jackson, and Moses
Boggs.

Constables — George Slack, Leonard Lull,
Anthony H. Woodruff.

On December 28th, 1822, Samuel Orr, Jr.,
Clerk, left the township, and the Trustees ap-,
pointed John Howell in his place.

The election of April 7, 1823, resulted as fol-
lows :

Justices of the Peace — John Robertson, and
John Howell.

Trustees — George Huff, George Presgrove,
and A. H. Woodruff.

Clerk — ^John Howell.

Treasurer — William Culbertson.

Constables — George Slack, William Jones,
and Leonard Lull.

On April 7, 1823, A. H. Woodruff was ap-
pointed Assessor, and Leonard Lull, Lister.

The township officers in 1880, were as fol-
lows :

Trustees — John Detenbeck, J. W. White, and
Levi Bunting.

Clerk— Wm. M. Bateman.

Treasurer — F. A. Heenan.

Assessor — B. F. Saunders.

Constable — S. T. Presgraves.

Justices of the Peace — Con. O'Neil, and A.
Evans.

The first claim against the township was in
favor of Samuel Barstow, for burying John Mc-
Casky, December 28th, 1822 ; the amount re-
ceived was $12.18.

The boundaries of Washington township are
as follows : On the north by Madison township,
south by Wayne township and a part of the city
of Zanesville ; east by Salem and Perry .town-
ships, and west by the Muskingum river and
Zanesville.

Topographically. — The variety of landscape
is remarkable. The surface is generally undu-
lating, with large areas of bottom lands of rich
sandy loam, very productive and well adapted
to garden products. The uplands are dotted
with wood and field, and the entire township is
well watered. Mill Creek, Coal Run, Blunt's
Run and a number of smaller, nameless streams,
penetrate the western portion of the township,
and flow into the. Muskingum river. And the
eastern portion is watered by Little Salt Creek and
its tributaries. Many of the pioneer cabins are
still to be seen, in marked contrast with the
pleasant homes of later times.

EARLY TAVERNS.

The first tavern, kept in what is now Washing-
ton township, was by Isaac Pryor, who came
from Pennsylvania in 1801, and located on the
Wheeling road, five miles from Zanesville. He
was a great hunter, and kept his table well sup-
plied with all kinds of game.

Jo"b Dickson came later in the same year, and
opened tavern in a log cabin at "Three Mile
Spi-ing." He sold out in 1810, to John Speers.

Bates came in 1804, and opened tavern

on Mill Run, but this is all we know of him.

William Manahan built a brick house for a
hotel in 1832. It was located about four miles
from Zanesville. It is now occupied by Samuel
Smith, but not as a public house.

The days of taverns, as they used to be, have
drawn to a close, and the name is seldom heard.
The humblest effort at accommodation of the
traveler, is dignified with the title of hotel.

The first hewed log house, shingle roof, was

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

373

built by Isaac Pryor, on the farm now owned by
A. C. Howard, and the second, by John Slack,
who came from Loudon county, Virginia, in 1806.
The latter was on land now owned by James
Galloway, on section twelve.

Robert Slack was first elected Infirmary Direc-
tor in 1875, and now fills that position.

The first marriage was John Mercer and Eliza-
beth Vernon, 1807.

The first birth was Rebecca Vernon, daughter
of Joseph Vernon.

The first death was Elijah Hart, who died in
December, 1807. The second was Jane Slack,
who died in 1817.

The first mill was a saw mill, built by William
McConnell, in 1810. The second was by Wm.
Beatty. The latter was run by ox power, (a
tread mill). Place unknown.

THE FIRST COAL MINED.

The first coal mined in Muskingum county,
was in Washington township, on Mud Run, by
John Bates, in 181 1. He hauled coal to Zanes-
ville and sold it by the bushel, one or more. In
1814, John Spears opened a bank and dug what
he wanted for his own use.

The first tannerj- was built by Albert Cole ;
place and time unknown.

The first distillery was built by George Jury,
1819 ; place unknown.

THE FIRST AND SUBSEQUENT SCHOOLS.

The first school house was the conventional
log building, with puncheon floor, slab seats
and desks, and a fire place in imitation of the
crater of a burning mountain. It was built in
1816, on land near were Bowei's' and Vernon's
farms corner, and on the former. The first
teacher was -Ellen Spinner. Samuel Cassel
taught school in a similar temple on the Walton
place, about the same time.

The township has now the following subdis-
tricts and enumeration :

No. I — Twenty-five males and twenty-four
females.

No. 2 — Twenty-eight males and twenty-eight
females.

No. 3 — Thirty-two males and thirty-one
females.

No. 4 — Twenty-two males and eighteen
females.

No. 5 — Thirty-five males and thirty-seven
females.

No. 6 — f'ifty-eight males and fifty-one females.

March, 1826, the Trustees divided the town-
ship into five school districts. District No. i,
contained twenty-four house-holders ; No. 2, con-
tained thirty-one house-holders ; No. 3, twenty-
four house-holders ; No. 4, eighteen house-
holders; No. 5, thirty-five house-holders. So
that from the above recital, one school district
has been added, and each has a school house
and school.

The first blacksmith was John Price, but at
what period is not now known, only that it was
prior to 1820.

The first store was kept by Henrj^ Conrad, on
the site occupied by A. J. C. Bonus. This was
about 1820.

WESLEY CHAPEL M. E. CHURCH.

This organization first appears on the minutes
of this circuit, January ist, 1816. The firstclass,
however, was organized about 1808. The early
meetings were held in private houses and. in
groves. The homes of John Bowers, Joseph
Bowers, Isaac Beatty and John Vernon, were
among the places of meeting. The society con-
tinued to worship in this migratory manner until
1823, when a hewed log building was erected
for this purpose, and dedicated in the fall of that
year. The building was built by the male mem-
bers, who plied their own skill and teams, and
raised the building. A few nails and a small
quantity of glass added, and they had a meeting
house free from debt. It was located on the
farm owned by John Bowers, Sr., near the Perry
township line, and was sometimes called
"Bowers' Church." It was used as a place of
worship until 1846, when a new house was
erected on George Border's farm, in Perry town-
ship. This building cost about one thousand
and sixty dollars. It is a frame structure, 40x58
feet.

The following persons have' served as minis-
ters, from 1816 to 1877 :

Presiding Elder, Jacob Young, William Knox,
John Waterman, Thomas Carr, John Tives,
Samuel Glaze, T. A. Morris, Charles ElHott,
James Gilruth, Samuel Brockunier, Jacob
Hooper, Archibald McElroy, Leroy Swarmstedt,
M. M. Henkle, B. Westlake, J. P. Durbin,
David Young, William Cunningham, Thomas
Beachem, E. H. Taylor, Ezra Brown, Z. H.
Coston, Michael Ellis, C. Springer, J. Caliban,
Joseph Carper, W. B. Christie, A. M. Lorane,
Gilbert Blue, Jacob Delaj'', William Young, J.
W. Gilbert, L" P. Miller, C. C. Lybrand, James •
McMahon, Samuel Harvey, C. Brooks, H.
Gearing, H. S. Fernandes, Dudley Woodbridge,
Andrew Carroll, James Gurley, George Fate, J.
S. Brown, James Armstrong, F. H. Jennings,
T. R. Ruckel, Andrew Magee, Ludwell Petty,
Chester Morrison, Walter Athey, J. N. Baird,
David Cross, E. H. Taylor. C. E. Weirick,
P. H. McCue, D. P. Mitchell, M. W. Dallas,
Robert Boyd, James McGinnis, John Hare, Noah
Speck, J. H. White, HoseaMcCall, W. D. Bell,
John Mason, W. C. P. Hamilton, H. M. Close,
Henry Snyder, Andrew Huston, I. N. McAbee,
J. J. Brady ,W. Gamble'^N. C. Worthoring, Wil-
liam Gamble, J. Evans, N. B. Edwards, F. W.
Vertican, A. D. McCormick, J. E. WilHams, T.
C. Hatfield, D. C. Knowles, E. B. Webster, E.
J. Smith, J. K. Rader.

The first Sabbath-school was organized by Jo-
seph Church, in the summer of 1833, and was
only continued about three months, when it was
given up until 185 1, when it was again organized
by the Rev. D. P. Mitchell , 'with J . W. Spry as
superintendent. The school still continues, and
is in a prosperous condition.

374

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

THE VILLAGE OF JACKSON.

The village of Jackson was surveyed into lots,
and recorded October 20, 1830 ; the site is on the
land owned by Spencer Lehue, four miles east
of Zanesville, on the National Pike. It is a
quiet village, without a store, tavern, or post-
ofBce. and seems chiefly to serve as a monument
of the engineering of Charles Roberts, who sur-
veyed and platted it. If any one desires to avoid
the bustle of life, and to enjoy the felicit}' of per-
fect quietness, where only the neighbor's gossip is
likely to interrupt his philosophic, or other med-
itation, commend him to Jackson. This state of
things has been maintained for the last half cen-
tury, and it is likelv to continue, so make a note
of it for the benefit of tourists : for surely they will
rejoice to find a place that has neither been writ-
ten up, nor sketched ; here is a virgin field for
them.

PLEASANT GROVE M. E. CHURCH.

The church was organized at the brick school
house (on John Orr's farm), in 1842. A class
was termed at that time, consisting of John Wall,
Amanda Wall, James Walwork, Margaret Wal-
work, Lucretia Brown, Patsy Shiflet, Lloyd
Bishop, Mrs. Bishop, James Smith, Margaret
Smith, and Nellie Hai't. Stephen Schafer was
class leader. The meetings were held in the
school house about three months, and then moved
to the tobacco barn of Wm. Brown, and were
continued there about fifteen months, when the
present meeting house was finished. This edifice
was the resultofcontribution of material, labor, or
money, according to the ability of the donor.
It was dedicated in the fall of 1843, by Rev. John
Waterman.

The following persons served as class leaders
from the beginning :

Stephen Schafer, James Smith,John Wall, Jas.
B. Smith, James Mcjurekin, Jonathan Collins,
Turner Wolf, and John Gray.

A Sabbath-school was organized soon after
the class, and numbered thirty scholars enrolled.
The superintendents have been, Stephen Schafer,
James Smith, John Wall, Robert Bailey, Turner
•Wolf, Washington Reed, and James Wall, the
present incumbent. The present enrollment is
fifty.

[Certificate. — John Wall, certifies this to be
the best account of the church and Sunday school
that can be produced at this age of the world.]

baptist church.

The Baptist Church, Otherwise denominated
the Washington Township Baptist Church, was
composed of a membership drawn from the
church in Salem township. In 1842, a petition
was presented to the Salem church, asking leave
to organize a church in the township in which
the petitioners lived, which was Washington.
The petition was signed by the following per-
sons: Samuel Barstow, A. H. Woodruff, Sr.,
Robert Combs, Amy Presgrave, James Miller,
W. H. Barstow, A. H. Woodruff", Jr., Elga
Combs, Mary Leach, Mary Cobb, Harriet Bate-

man, Elizabeth Mears, Sarah Calahan, Willis
Barstow, William Leach, Penrod Bateman,
Elizabeth Bateman, John Bateman, Lemote
Menefee, Jacob Slack, Hosea Woodruff",
Margaret Ferrell, Ann P. Hunter, Peter
Mears, Samuel Barstow, Jr., Martha Wood-
ruff", George Barstow, Mary Balent, Mary
A. Michael, Mary Barstow, Elizabeth Zett, Ann
Hickman, Mary J. Dunmead, Mary D. Dun-
mead, William Mears, Mary Martin, Britannia
Presgrave, George Presgrave.

The petition was granted, and the new asso-
ciation thus formed built and consecrated a
church in 1843, Rev. William Sedgwick being
their pastor. He was assisted at this time by
Rev. R. H- Sedgwick. The first clerk was
George Presgrave. Soon after the church was
organized, a Sabbath School was • organized,
with Samuel Barstow as Superintendent ; the
school has been kept up and became an impyort-
ant adjunct of the church.

WASHINGTON CHAPEL.

The Methodist Episcopal Church having this
name, is located on the farm of Thompson Ha-
gue, one and one-half miles north of Coaldale.
This society met in the Woodniff", or Barstow
school house, until the erection of their present
church edifice in 1848. Two of the class leaders fol-
lowing the formation of the society, were Isaac
Franks and William Catlin. The various pas-
tors who have filled the pulpit areas follows:
Rev's. Wyrick, D. P. Mitchell, Robert Boyd,
I. N. Macabee, Hamilton, Henr}' Snyder, Hus-
ton, Hare, N. C. Worthington, Evans, Hugh
Edwards, McCormick, Hatfield, Knowles, Web-
ster, J. Q. A. Miller, Phillips, Anderson, Knight,
Raider, and Hoover, the pi'esent incumbent.

The following named have been some of the
more prominent members: Job Morgan, Jacob
Walters, William McCashland, Albert Jones,
Joel Jones, Robert Jones, Jonathan Malox,
and Joseph H. Bowers. The present church is
a neat frame building, 28x40. It was built by
contributions of both material and labor, so that
its cost can not be ascertained. When the church
was built, it had a membership of twenty or
twenty-five. At the present time, there are not
more than fifteen members. As high as ninety-
one members have been connected at one time
with the society since its organization.

Previous to 1877, a flourishing Sunday School
was connected with the church. Since that date,
there has been none. The average attendance
of scholars, used to be about sixty. The Super-
intendents have been, Isaac Franks, Robert
Jones, Peter Huff'man, Josiah Keys and William
McCashland.

ST. John's Lutheran CHukcH.

This society first worshiped in a log house,
situated on land leased of David Shick, in 1863,
and who, in reality, donated the use of the land
for thirteen years, receiving the least compensa-
tion known inlaw, the sum of one dollar, thus
reserving his title to the site. This wa§ on the

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

375

farm of Jesse Romine, Jr., one mile north of
Jackson. The old church was torn down in 1876
and the present frame edifice erected, at a cost
of $650.00, of which $400.00 was assumed by
Samuel Shick.

In. the early part of the church struggles, the
membership numbered twenty-five, and it is now
about double that.

The present church was dedicated by Rev.

Reck. The regular pastors have been Rev's.

George Linsibaugh, William M. Gilbreath, Lo-
gan Gilbreath, John Bocker, George Shrieves.

Among the prominent members "in an early
day," were Samuel Shick, John Hetzel, Allen
Dunn, James McGee and Mrs. Elizabeth Hetzel.

ST. John's union Sunday school.

St. John's Union Sunday School was organ-
ized prior to the formation of the church, in 1863,
in the same cabin in which St. John's Lutheran
Church worshiped. And it followed the fortune
of the church, being, as all Sunday Schools
truly are, a feeder to the church. The school is
prosperous ; the number of scholars enrolled is
forty. The Superintendents have been Samuel
Shick, James McGee, David Shick, A. Martin,
Mrs. Maggie Shick, Miss Katie Boggs and John
Mitzlett.

MILITARY RECORD OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.

The perils of war are never courted, no matter
how bravely men maj' talk. Yet ho danger ever
deterred the pioneer settlers of Washington from
tasking down their " fire-locks," when the enemy
appeared near their borders. "Indeed, many a
time they had gone in quest of the red skins, who
trespassed on the i-ights of their neighbors.
And up to the close of the war of 181 2, our pio-
neers were often under arms, and many of them
laid their lives on the altar 'of sacrifice tor their
country. It is therefore to be regretted that a
complete list of those who thus struggled for the
liberties we enjoy_ cannot now be given. The
following persons are known to have been of that
honored number :

Jacob Walters, John Walters, John Vernon,
Jacob Slack, Benjamin Walters, Henry Mitchler.
George Slack, John Bowers, George CuUen,
George Swank, and Robert Boggs.

We are indebted to Elizabeth Boggs, relict of
Capt. Robert Boggs, for this list of names. Mrs.
Boggs was a hale lady of eighty-two in 1880 —
doing her own work, and sometimes walked to
Zanesville and back, a distance of ten miles, and
did not complain.

William McConnell was also a Captain of this
company, but we have no other inibrmation con-
cerning him.

The patriot spirit descended from sire to son,
and accordingly, when the war of the rebellion
became a horrid fact, and the cry, to arms!
rang out o'er the land, it was heard in Washing-
ton township, and everywhere they responded,
" here am I, send me!" They marched to the
field at their country's call. For the sake of the

fii-esides made desolate, and to emulate the ex-
ample of the surviving heroes, we would like
to present their names, but have to content our-
selves with the Regimental Rosters, which do
not specifically locate the home of the soldiers ;
and we do not wish to offer even a complement
that may be doubted.

Washington township lies north-east of Zanes-
ville, and is intersected by the Central Ohio Rail-
road.

GEOLOGY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.

The following geological section, was taken at
Coal Dale and Rocky Point, in this township :

Feet. Inches.

1. Shale

2. Coal 3 0

3. Not exposed 24 0

4." Sidei-ite ore 0 6

5. Coal 2 9

6. Under clay 4 0

7. Not exposed 13 0

8. Laminated sandstone 12 0

9. Heavy sandstone 36 0

10. Coal blossom-

11. Siderite 0 10

12. Putnam Hill limestone o 0

13. Not exposed 2 0

14. Laminated sandstone 10 0

15. Shale 25 0

16. Cherry limestone 1 0

17. Slaty cannel coal 0 4

18. Not exposed 18 0

19. Blue sandy shale.. 8 0

20. Limestone 0 10

21. Slialy limestone 1 3

22. Limestone, fosslliferous 1 6

23. Sandy shale

In the above section, Nos. 4, 5, and 6, were
seen near Coal Dale, and the rest of the section
at Rocky Point. In the slate over the upper
coal, fine chonetes and other fossils, changed to
pyrite, are found at Matthew's coal bank, in the
north part of this township.

The following geological section was taken
near the line between the corporate limits of
Zanesville and Washington Township. The
upper part, containing the Alexander coal-seam,
was taken on the land of D. Hart :

Feet. Inches,

1. Coal reported 4 0

2. Clay 2 6

3. Laminated sandstone and shale 40 0

4. Coarse sandstqne 10 0

5. Finely laminated sandstone and shale 30 0

6. Coal 3 0

7. Clay 2 0

8. Laminated sandstone 26 0

9. Siderite ore 0 10

10. Shale, bituminous 2 0

11. Coal 4 0

The following geological section was obtained

376

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

on the land of Wm. Alexander, on Lot 119,
Washington township :

Feet. Inches.

1. Shale 8 0

2. Slaty coal ....~ 0 10

3. Clay 0 2

4. Coal 5 0

5. Clay 2 0

6. Sandy limestone 1 0

The, coal has a good reputation for household
use, and is extensively used along the line of
the National road. — [Geological Report, 1873,
volume I, pp. 329-330-1 ; E. B. Andrews, Assist-
ant Geologist.]

In the geological report of the State of Ohio,
vol. 3, page 250, we find the following :

At Wharton's coal works, and at Coal Dale,
about two and one-half miles from Zanesville,
we have the following section exposed :

Feet.

1. Sandstone < 0

2. Coal 1

3. Sandstone 12

4. Coal No. 6 4

5. Sandstone 18.85

6. Coal No. 5 3J.4

7. Sandstone 50

Coal number six, only, is mined here, as num-
ber five yields a coal of too poor quality to be
marketable. Near this locality, a cannel coal,
probably coal number four, is seen in the bed of
the creek, and is eighteen inches thick. The
two beds, six and five, are seen on the property
of Moses Robinson, and on that of Messrs.
Fisher and Mangold, near the Adamsville road.
They are each three and one-half feet thick, but
the upper one alone is now worked. Number
five was formerly mined by stripping, on Mr.
Robinson's property, near the school house.

About eight miles north from Zanesville, Mr.
David Matthews' mines coal No. 6, which shows :

Feet. Inches.

1. Slaty Coal 0 4-6

2. Coal 3 4

3. Clay 0 2

4. Coal 0 4

4 2

The coal above the parting is very pure, and
makes an excellent coke, very compact, and
handsome. Two coking ovens were in use at
the time of examination, and two more were be-
ing built. Below the parting, the coal is very
poor, and often it is two-thirds pyrites. Streaks
of pyrites occur occasionally in the coal above,
but are very thin, and not extensive. Mr. Mat-
thews ships about sixteen hundred tons per
month. A specimen of his coal yields the fol-
lowing :

Specific gravity 1.318

Moisture ". 3.10

Volatile combustible matter 37.50

Fixed carbon 56.50

Ash .- 2.90

Total 10000

Sulphur 3.02

Sulphur remaining in coke 1.48

Sulphur forming in coke 2.49

Fixed gas per pound, in cubic foot 3.56

Character 6f coke Compact

Color of ash Fawn.

A short distance further up the river, on the
property of Mr. L. Menefee, the following sec-
tion was obtained :

Feet. Indies.

1. Shale and sandstone partly concealed.... 60 . 0

2. CoalNo. 6 3 6

3. Fire-clay and shale 15 0

4. Ironore 3 0

5. Shale 7 0

6. Sandstone 30 0

7. Coal No. 5 0 4

8. Shale 30 0

9. Sandstone 25 0

10. Ironore 3 0

11. Gray limestone 1-4 0

12. Coal No. 4 0 7

13. Shale 25 0

14. Blue cherty limestone 1 6

15. Shale 0 2

16. Coal No. 3 1 10

17. Sandstone 10 0

18. Blue limestone 1 0

19. Coal No. 3 0 10

Coal number six, shows the following sec-
tion :

Feet. Inches.

1. Cannel coal 0 6

2. Coal 1 10

3. Clay 0 2

4. Coal 1 0

Mr. Menefee claims that the bed is ■ entii-ely
free from pyrites, and that neither streaks nor
nodules have ever been seen. The entrj- has
been driven only forty feet, and has hardly
reached sound coal, so it would be injudicious to
speak positively in this connection. The coal is
quite pure, shows little tendency to break up on
exposure, and exhibits no incrustation of copperas
on the outcrop. Fifteen feet below the coal is a
bed of iron oi-e three teet thick, containing about
eighteen inches of what has been pronounced an
excellent ore. A specimen was procured for
analysis, but, unfortunately, has been mislaid.
At the time this locality was visited, Mr. Mene-
fee was negotiating for the sale of this bed to a
Zanesville firm, at a ro^-alty of thirt)' cents per
ton. The deposit is evidently extensive, as it
was traced from this point east, and north,
through the township to the opening in coal num-
ber six, belonging to Mr. White, on the Adams-
ville road. The horizon is one at which ore is
found at numerous localities throughout the coal
field in the State, and the deposit here merits
careful attention.

This is the most northerh* point at which coal
number fi\e has been seen in the countj- ; nor,
indeed, has it been seen east or west of this town-
ship. Though identifying this bed with coal
number five, of the State section, I doubt the
propriety of so doing, especially as there is no
associated rock by which to prove its identit}-. It
would seem more pi-obable that it is an intercal-
ated bed, if one may judge from its sudden
origin, and expansion. It is absent over a greater
part of Muskingum and Guernsey counties, in
localities where both numbers six and four can
be recognized without a doubt. 'Coal number
four is of no importance, and was observed at no

The above cut represents the building occupied
by Lemert & Brammar, Merchant Tailors, Dresden,
Ohio. They keep constantly on hand a good sup-
ply of foreign and domestic piece goods, from
which they can suit the most critical, and furnish
the most indigent with custom-made clothing.
They are generous in prices, and genteel in their
way of dealing. One particular feature that de-

mands the patronage of all, is that they can fit as
neatly and artistically as can be done in the large
cities, and always in the latest styles. They
solicit the patronage of all, and feel sure that
when once received they will retain it, and
customers will not go elsewhere for either goods
or well made and well fitting garments.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

377

other locality. Here it consists of cannel, three
inches ; bituminous. coal, four inches.

Coal number three, though here only twentv-
two inches thick, becomes thirty inches at an-
other point about a mile east from Mr. Menefee's,
where it is worked. It is highly esteemed by
some, as it makes a cheerful fire. A layer of bi-
tuminous coal, three inches thick, is found at the
bottom.

The limestones are all blueish. The gray
limestone is apt to be shaly, is less tough, and
more granular than those below. It has been
used successfully as a flux. The middle lime-
stone is cherty, with the flint irregularly distrib-
uted through it. Near Mr. Matthews' coal
works, the limestone is absent, being" replaced
by the flint. The ore, so well marked in Madi-
son, Jackson, Licking, and Muskingum, is ab-
sent here, or rather is only traceable by means
of a few scattered nodules accompanying the
chert. The ore resting upon the gray limestone
is of no value, being imbedded in sandstone. The
sandstones along the river, between numbers six
and four are compact, and would doubtles be ex-
cellent for building purposes.

Coal number seven, was seen at only one
point. It is seventy-five feet above number six,
and is not more than nine inches thick. South
of the Central Ohio Railroad it is mined exten-
sively, and is four to five feet thick.

ADAMS TOWNSHIP.

WHO THE MELODIES OF MORN CAN TELL ? — ' ' YE PIO-
NEER" PUBLIC ROAD SALT WORKS BLACK-
SMITH SCHOOLS FORMATION OF THE TOWN-
SHIP ELECTION "VIVA VOCE" DECLARED ILLE-
GAL ELECTION^ 1827 TOPOGRAPHY FIRST

FRAME HOUSE FIRST BRICK HOUSE— "BETH-

ESDA" M. E. church FAIRVIEWM. E. CHURCH

THE FIRST SAW MILL-^ZION EVANGELICAL

LUTHERAN CHURCH ADAMS TOWNSHIP BAP-
TIST CHURCH.

" But who the melodies of morn can tell ?

The wild brook babbling down the mountain side;
The lowing herd, the sheep fold's simple bell ;

The pipe of early shepherd dim descried,
In the lone valley ; echoing far and wide,

The clamorous horn along the cliifs above;
The hollow murmur of the ocean tide ,

The hum of bees, the linnet's lay of love,
And the full choir that wakes the universal grove?"

"Ye pioneer," enamored with the music of the
babbling stream, or the feathered songsters over-
head, had no temptation for the formalities of
life, beyond the needful duties of the field and
home, and passing his life as a soliloquy, ever
formulating a dreamful similitude to natures art-
less arts, deigned not to record the doings of
either ; and hence the absence ot any chronicle
indicating who the first visitors of this paradise
were.

The first settlers who were of "a diflTerent
make up," were James Wilcox, David Brellsford

and Hugh Ballentine. They settled on Wills
Creek, in the northeast .corner of the present
township of Adams, about 1810. It is thought
that Benjamin Whitabury, with his step-sons,
John and William Campbell, came about the
same time. Abraham Wisecarver came and
located on the northwest quarter of section
eighteen, about 1814. Caleb Bedwell, Samuel
Monroe, Robert Osborn and William Barton,
are remembered as early settlers.

Valentine Shirer, from Pennsylvania, settled
on the northwest quarter of section sixteen, in
the year 1817, and Anthony Slater settled-onthe
northeast quarter of section twenty-one, in 1818.
These are the oldest citizens living.

The most important event that aided in the
settlement of the township, was a public road.
The first road cut through Adams township, was
from the settlement on Symmes' Creek to Otsego,
in Monroe township. James Sprague and sons
cut this road, in 1812. The next was a road sur-
veyed from Cambridge, in Guernsey county, to
the salt works at the mouth of Will's Creek, that
ran through Adams township. This was in 1818.
And another, from the vicinity of the locality now
occupied by Adamsville, to Marquand's Mill,
about 1820.

Observing the chronological order of events
adopted in this work, the next event was to pre-
pare for the education of the children.

The first school house stood on land belonging
to Emanuel Minnick, near the site occupied by
the town house of to-day. The first teacher was
William Jennison, from New England, who
taught school here in 1820. He was succeeded
by Thomas Barcla}^ There ai-e now four schools
in the township. The school houses are all
frame and in good condition, supplied according
to the custom of our common school system.

The first marriage in the township was prob-
ably solemnized .between David Shirer and
Lydia Gaumei', in 1822.

THE FIRST BLACKSMITH.

The first blacksmith was David Brellsford.
His shop was on section two. This was in 1810.
Phineas Tomlinson had a fire and made the
sparks fly "in an early day."

THE FORMATION OF THE TOWNSHIP.

"A petition was presented by Caleb Jordan,
signed by a number of citizens of Madison and
Monroe townships, setting forth that they labor
under many difficulties and disadvantages in con-
sequence of the distance they have to travel to
elections, and praying that a township may be
set ofl"of part of Monroe and'Madison townships,
and the Commissioners believing the prayer of
the petitioners necessaiy for the convenience of
the inhabitants and township oflicers, do hereby
order a new township, to be set oft' according to
the following boundaries, to-\vit : Beginning at
the northeast corner of Salem township line, and
running thence west along said line to the north-
west corner of said township, thence north to
Coshocton county line, thence east to the north-

378

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

west corner of the oi'iginal survey of township
number three, in the fifth range, thence south to
the place of beginning ; comprising the original
surveyed township number three, in the sixth
range. Military Land, which shall constitute a
new township, to be called Adams township.
Also ordered by the Commissioners, that an
election be held at the house of Caleb Jordan,
Esq., on the ist day of January next, being
January ist, 1827, to elect township officers for
the township.

"December 5th, 1826."

Accordingly, the voters congregated at the
house of Caleb Jordan, which was on the south-,
east quarter of section fourteen, and elected,
^iva voce, a full set of officers, except Justices of
the Peace. Caleb Jordan was, at that time.
Justice of the Peace in Madison, and Anthony
Slater, Justice in Monroe, (both included in the
new township).

This election, however, was declared null, as
"■viva I'oce" was not the legal mode of voting,
and a new election was ordered. The place ap-
pointed was the house of John Campbell, on the
northwest quarter of section eighteen, near the
present town house, to take place on the 2d day
of April, 1827. James Wilcox, Anthony Slater
and Jesse Roe, were appointed Judges of elec-
tion, and Caleb Jordan, Clerk. The election re-
sulted as follows :

Town Clerk — Caleb Jordan.

Trustees — Anthony Slater, James Wilcox, an^
Benjamin Whitebury.

Overseers of Poor — Abraham Wisecarver, and
David Ross.

Fence Viewers — Jacob Sturtz and Powell
Chrisman.

Treasurer — John Campbell.

Constables — John Shanafield and John Mullen.

Supervisors — David Swiger, Thomas Green,
Francis Titus, and Robert Brown.

The first Grand Juror was Jesse Roe ; the first
Petit Juror was Matthew Humphrey.

The election of 1829 was held at the house
of Adam Miller, afterwards alternating between
private houses and school houses, until 1876,
when a Town House was built, on the northeast
quarter of section eighteen, on land belonging
to Mary Stewart.

The following persons have served as Justice
of the Peace, according to the dates affixed to
their respective names ; dates abbrevia4;ed :

Anthony Slater, Oct. 7, '26; Caleb Jordan,
Oct. 28, '26; Samuel Sutton, Oct. 22, '35 ; Wil-
liam WiUis, Oct. 17, '38; John Briels, Oct. 23,
'38 ; Anthony Slater, Oct. 20, '41 ; J. H. Bar-
clay, Oct. 16, '44 ; George Wertz, Oct. 26, '47 ;
Robert Haesty, April 15, '50; Caleb Jordan,
Oct. 19, '50; James Vandervert, April 18, '53;
Henry Stewart, Nov. 4, '53 ; John Darner, Oct.
27, '56; Thomas Pitcher, Oct. 26, '59; H. V.
Slater, Oct. 23, '71; John Ross, April 11, '72;
Henry Stewart, April 11, '72; John Darner,
April II, '75 ; W. S. Bell, April 11, '75 ; W. H.
Ruse, April 12, '78; G. W. Bell, April 12, '78.

The present Township Board (1880) is com-
posed as follows :

Trustees— V. J. Thresh, John R. Bell, and H.
V. Slater.

Constable — George Stiner.

Treasurer — Michael Sauer.

Assessor — William Fisher.

Land Appraiser and Clerk — G. W. Bell.
. Board of Education— Joseph Stiner, G. R.
Shirer, John Briel, and John R. Bell.

Supervisors — Wm. McCormick, John Hahn,
Charles Schmueser, A. W. Bell, Michael Sauer,
George McDowell, George Ripple, WilHam Ed-
wards, and David Knicely.

Judges of Election— V. J. Thresh, John R.
Bell, and Jacob H. Hanks.

Adams township was named after John Quincy
Adams, the sixth President of the United States,
born at Braintree, Massachusetts, on the nth of
July, 1767. His character was formed under the
ennobling influences of a cultured home, and
developed amid rare social and Hterarjr advan-
tages. The influence of his parents is apparent
in the development of his moral and intellectual
nature, and it is altogether likely a better Patron
Saint could not have been found.

TOPOGRAPHICAL .

The township is skirted on the north by Wills
creek, and the northern portion is broken and
rough. The southern part is more even, and sim-
ilar to Salem. Wills creek drains the northern,
and Symmes creek the southern and western
portions. Coal is found accessible with but little
mining, in several parts of the township, and the
usual varieties of foi-est trees, but not in large
quantities.

The soil is clay and sand, the latter predomi-
nating in the low lands, and is generalh" fertile,
especially under the tillage of the industrious
.German farmer, in the northern part, who thor-
oughly cultivates his land.

The first frame house was built by William
Barton — no date.

The first brick house was built in 1834, by
Jacob Gaumer, Jr., on the southwest quarter of
section twenty-three, and is now occupied by G.
W. Bell, Esq.

Anthony Slater introduced the first threshing
machine, and the first mower, into this township!

There are no thoroughbred cattle in this town-
ship, although there are some fine "grades."

BETHESDA METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The first class was organized by Joseph Carper
and Cornelius Springer, in 1827, at Jesse Roe's
school house (where the Baptist church now is).
It was composed of Jesse Roe and Margaret, his
wife, and their son Thomas ; James Stewart and
Margaret, his wife, and their son John ; Morde-
cai Edwards and Phebe, his wife ; William Bar-
ton and Jane, his wife, their son Alexander, and
daughter Sarah ; and Caleb Bedwell and wife.
James Stewart was the leader.

This was a branch from the Wheelen Church,
in Madison township. A lot was donated, for

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

379

church purposes, situated near the centre of sec-
tion fifteen, and a log church, twenty-six by thir-
ty, was erected thereon, in 1835, ^'^d dedicated
by Rev. H. S Fernandes. The land used for
burial purposes — adjoining the church site — was
bought b}' Robert Shields and Robert Haesty,
before the church was built. The first burial
therein was Jonathan Reed's child.

A new frame church, thirty-eight by forty-two,
was erected iu 1856, at the same place. The
present number of members is ninety. The
leaders are Nathan Ross, John Foster, and Sam-
uel W. Sutton, Jr.

FAIRVIEW^ METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The first class was organized at the house of
Mordecai Edwards, about the year 1830, and
was composed of Mordecai Edwards and wife,
John Stewart and Mary, his wife ; Joseph Green
and wife, William Hillen and Cynthia, his wife ;
Basil Ridgeway and Mary, his wife ; James
Stewart, Sr., James Stewart Jr., and Margaret,
his wife ; and A. Ross.

The first leaders were Mordecai Edwards and
James Stewart.

In 1834, Mr. Edwards donated one acre of
ground for a church site, on the northwest quai"-
ter of section twenty-two, and, in 1835, ^ ^'^S
church, twenty-six by thirty, was erected thereon.
The congregation erected a handsome frame
church, in 1855.

The present membership numbers eighty-four.
The leaders are William Edwards and W. H.
Ruse. The steward is William Edwards ; the
local preacher, Nixon Stewart ; the circuit
preachers, H. M. Rader and J. R. Hoover.

The first sawanill was built by David Swigert,
on the southeast quarter of section twenty-three,
in 1833. The next was built by David Brells-
ford. on a small stream bearing his name, and
which empties into Wills creek, on section two.
This mill was built about 1835. The stream
does not supply water enough to do much busi-
ness.

William WilHs built a sawmill, on Symmes
■creek. It was built near where Mr. P. Wahle
lives, but the time is not known.

ZION EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.

This church was organized by Rev. Fred.
Minner, in 1839, ^^^^ ^^^ following member-
ship : John Vollmer and wife, Jacob Fiers and
family, Martin Sauer and family, Michael
•Strohecker and family, Adam Shroyer, John
Denny, Martin Zimmers, David Grass, Chris-
tian Gerwig, John Hahn, Henry Lapp, Jacob
Roller, PhilHp Moser, Michael Grass, Henry
Smith, and Michael Thresh. Pastors— Rev-
erends Minner, Gehbel, Kretz, Kaemmerer,
Schnell, and Schmidt.

February 22d, 1840, Valentine Sandel deeded
a lot of ground, situated in the southeast quarter
of section nine, to Daniel Moser, John Vollmer,
and Adam Sliroyer, Trustees, on which a hewed
log church, twenty-six by thirty, was built, in
1841.

The services were conducted in the German
language, until 1868, when, owing to the young
membership being educated in the English lan-
guage, it became necessary to adopt the English
language. Rev. A. N. Bartholomew was the
first pastor employed to preach in English. This
was regarded as an innovation by some, who
stoutly resisted, and remained faithful to the
past, such as they were accustomed to, and a di-
vision occurred. The " conservatives " became
a corporate body, under the title of " The Evan-
gelical Lutheran, and Reformed Zion Church,"
and, as such, held the old church and burying
ground.

In 1872, Jacob Sandel donated one acre of
ground, just north of the church, and a commit-
tee was appointed, consisting of Frederick Roer-
ick, Valentine Thresh, and Jacob Sandel, and
the same vear a new frame church, 36x50 was
erected, at a cost of $2,000. The corner stone
was laid, September 22, 1872, by Rev's. G. W.
Mechling, and J. P. Hentz, and the church was
dedicated October 5th, 1873, by the Rev's. G.
W. Mechling and W. P. Rutterauff, assisted by
the pastor, Rev. J. Weber.

To this new building a majority of the mem-
bers moved. Rev. I. N. Bartholomew became the
pastor, in October, 1869, and left in Octobei^

1870. Rev. J. P. Hentz was pastor from April,

187 1, to April 1873 ; and Rev. John Weber from
that date to the present.

The present number of members is fifty. The
Elders are, George Stiner, and Jacob Sandal.

The Wardens are, Valentine Thresh, and Al-
bert Kline.

The old organization employed Rev. John
Brown to preach for them, but are at present
without a pastor.

The Elders are Peter Houk, George Reiger,
and David Grass.

ADAMS TOWNSHIP BAPTIST CHURCH.

This society was organized March 3d, 1855,
by Elder WilHam Sedwick, and E. W., Handel,
with the following membei-ship : John Darner,
Rebecca Darner, Jacob Darner, Abigail Darner,
Henry Darner, Elizabeth Darner, Elizabeth
Clossen, Mary Clossen, Rebecca McKinney,
Elizabeth Hawk, Elizabeth Laton, Abraham
Gray, Francis Gray, Judson M. Darner, Ange-
line Darner, Abigail Sturtz, aud Mary Matchett.
John Darner was Clerk, until 1873, when J. M.
Darner was appointed. John Matchett was oi"-
dained Deacon, April 22d, 1827. Rev. Eli Frey
became pastor, July 28, 1872, and was succeeded
by Rev. W. M. Marshall, March 4, 1876, and
was followed by Rev. J. C. Skinner. Septem-
ber I, 1879, ^^^- Lyman Mears was installed
pastor, and is the present incumbent.

The membership numbers thirt3'--eight. The
Trustees are, Joseph Mears, John Matchett, and
Wm. McCormick.

A substantial frame church, 28x34, was
erected on the northwest quarter of section 7, in
1855, and they continue to worship there.

38o

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

PERRY TOWNSHIP,

THE FIRST SETTLER PIONEER NEIGHBORS

FIRST CABIN^FIRST BRICK BUILDING FIRST

MARRIAGE FIRST DEATH — FIRST SCHOOL-
HOUSE FIRST STORE — FIRST TAVERN FIRST

BLACKSMITH FIIiST JUSTICE OF THE PEACE

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED NATIONAL PIKE GE-
OLOGY FIRST SAW AND GRIST MILLS WESLEY

CHAPEL M.E. CHURCH EBENEZER M.E. CHURCH

— ST. Paul's evangelical Lutheran church

' POSTOFFICE BRIDGEVILLE SONORA MILI-
TARY RECORD.

The first home made within the boundaiy of
Perry township, was b}' James Brown, Sr., from
Massachusetts, who resided for a time in Water-
ford, in Washington county, but in 1802, built a
cabin, and opened a hotel, where the " Zane
Trace" crossed Big Salt Creek. This road,
also called the " Old Wheeling Road," entered
this township on section twenty, and passed out
near the southwest corner of the township.
Along this road the first settlements were made.
Mr. Brown was " a man of means," and of more
than ordinary intelligence, and thereby acquired
considerable influence, in the neighborhood, and
offered no inconsiderable opposition to the do-
minion of Isaac Pryor, who kept hotel further
west, on the same highway. David Comstock
came and settled on the southeast quarter of sec-
tion eighteen, just west of Mr. Brown, in 1804,
the place since occupied by William Caw.
Abraham Gabriel, and his son, Reuben, came
from Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in 1807, and
bought five hundred acres of land, in the Johnson
four thousand acre purchase, and located on the
Wheeling road, the site now occupied by R. H.
Atkinson. Amasa Davis came dui'ing this year
also, and located on the place now occupied by
Samuel Bowers. And during this year, also,
John Echelberry came from Green county,
Pennsylvania, and entered the northeast quarter
of section six. He was unable to pay for the
'tract, however, and sold it to George Border, in
1810, removing to the southwest quarter of the
same section. Jacob Livingood settled, first, in
Washington township, in 1806, and, in 1807,
sold out to Joseph Bowers, and came to this
township, and settled on section twelve, where
he built a saw mill, and, soon after, a grist mill,
on Salt Creek. Joseph Dicker came in 1808,
and settled, probably, on section nine. In 1809,
John Wartenbee came from Wellsburg, West
Virginia, and built a small saw mill on Salt
Creek, on the southwest quarter of section twenty-
two, in 1810, and built a small grist mill, in 1812.
Peter Livingood came from Green count}',
Pennsylvania, and located on the Wheeling
road, in 1810 ; the property passed, subsequently,
to Howard Dunn. The same year came, also,
Jacob Vanpelt, and located on the place now oc-
cupied by George Little, and Simon Merwine,
where Elijah Eaton now lives ; Philip Baker,
where Irvin Winn lives ; Christopher Schuch.
on the northwest quarter of section nine, and

James Brown,, Jr., on the northeast quarter of
section twenty. Alexander Armstrong came
fi'om Armagh, Ireland, and located on the
Wheeling road, in 1810, and Samuel Connaway
came about this time. Aaron Vernon moved
from Washington township to the northeast
quarter of section five, in 1811 ; and during the
same year, a Mr. Harris came from Pennsylva-
nia, and located on the northwest quarter of sec-
tion twenty ; and a Mr. Engle on the northeast
quarter of section nineteen, on the Wheeling
road. The country settled up so rapidly, from
this date, that the "oldest inhabitants" fear to
undertake to give a correct list of the incoming
tide.

Notably, the first cabin was erected by James
Brown, Sr., sometimes called Luke Brown; it.
was where the " Zane Trace " crossed Salt
Creek, and was erected in 1802.

The first brick building was erected by Eli
Walls, in 1819. The next was by Mr. Kaufman,
in 1820. The latter was afterwards occupied by
Michael Sauerbaugh.

The first Marriage. — "The high contracting
parties" were Christopher Shuck and Mar}'
Livingood, and the dignified official who pro-
nounced the twain one flesh, was Christian
Spangler ; time, "an early day."

The first death was Abraham Gabriel, in 1808.
He was buried on the place now occupied by
George Orr.

The first school house was the conventional log
cabin, with puncheon floor, etc., on the Com-
stock place ; and the first school teacher was
Simon Merrin, who taught in 18 11, and was
"every inch a gentleman."

The first store was kept by James Brown, on
the \Vheeling road, in 1834. The next was by
Phillip Bastian, on the National road, west of
Bridgeville, in 1840. This store was subsequently
successively owned by Richard Hall, John W.
Winn, George Winn, Stephen Tudor, I. N.
Shroyer, James Lorimer, Samuel Mock, Stephen
Tudor, Joseph Fisher, Eli Border, and Hugh
Huft', the present proprietor.

The first tavern was kept by James Brown, in
1802, the first cabin mentioned. His son. Major
James Brown, also kept tavern on the same road
in 1810.

The first blacksmith was Ja(5bb Wisecarver,
who li\ed on Peter Livingood's land, southwest
of the site now^ occupied by Sonora. This was
probably in 18 11. Amasa Davis was also an
early knight of the forge, and by some, claimed
to ha\e been the first ; but his fire went out so
long ago that no trace remains to indicate the
time or place.

The first Justices of the Peace were Richard
H. Hogan and Francis Silvev.

Perry township was organized in 181 2, and
named in honor of Commodore Oliver H. Perry.
Geographically considered, it is the "Military
District ;" is fi^'e miles square, bounded on the
north by Salem township, east by Union town-
ship, south by Salt Creek and Wavne townships,
the dividing line between Perry and the latter

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

381

township is the ''Military Base line," and on
the west by Washington township, and consti-
tutes town one, range five of that district.

Topographically this township is not hillj-,
but undxilating ; the soil is limestone clay, with
sand, and yields good crops. The entire town-
ship is drained by Salt Creek and its tributaries.
Little Salt Creek, White Eyes Run, and numer-
ous smaller streams. Springs are numerous,
and the water is good.

The National Pike passes through the town-
ship from the northeast quarter of section eleven,
' in a general, western direction, and is the only
Pike in the township. It was completed in 1829.

RAILROAD.

The Central Ohio Division of the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad enters this township (Perry)
on the southeast quarter of section ten, and
leaves it on the northwest quarter of section fif-
teen, traversing a distance of six miles. It has
a station and water tank at Sonora.

The following is the only exhibit of its geology,
made by the State Geologist :

PERRY TOWNSHIP GEOLOGICALLY.

The following geological section was obtained
on the land of F. Dunn, Little Salt Creek, about
two miles southwest of Bridgeville :

1.
2.
3.
4.

€.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Feet.

Laminated sandstone 20

Shale 6

Coal blossom, Alexander seam

Shale 5

Limonite ore 0

Shale 1

Limestone 1

Shale 5

(lay and ore 2

Shale 2

Coal 0

Clay 2

Laminated sandstone, with compact sand-
stone below 50

Cannel coal 0

Coal 0

Clay 1

Shale 20

Coal 2

Shale 3

Sandy limestone and siderite ore 1

Laminated sandstone 10

Inches.
0
0

0
5
0
0
0
6
0
2
0

Bed of Little Salt Creek, on the land of W.
Dunn, a half mile east of F. Dunn's, was taken

the following section :

Feet. Inches.

Laminated sandstone 6 0

Blacfcslate ' 0 10

Coal, Caldwell coal, Alexander seam 2 11

Under-clay and shale

Not seen '^ 0

Limestone and siderite ore

The c-oal from the bank of Mr. Dunn was an-

alyzed by Prof. Wormley, with the following re-
sult :

Specific gravity 1.252

Water 6.15

Ash 4.41

Volatile matter 30.97

Fixed carbon 58.47

Total 100.00

Sulphur 0.41

This analysis shows this to be a very superior
coal. The fixed carbon is large and the sulphur
small. It has been tried in a small way, in the
Zanesville furnace, with approval. So far as
analysis has been made, the coal is found to
be the purest in that part of the county belong-
ing to the Second District, and is one of the best
coals in the State. At many other points, the
coal of this seam is much less pure.

The following geological section was taken on
the land of Mr. Crane, about one mile south of
F. Dunn's, near the line between Perry and Salt
Creek townships :

Feet, Inches.

1. Sandstone 3 0

2. Shale 6 0

3. Black slate 0 5

4. Coal, Alexander seam 3 0

5. Clay and shale.. 6 0

6. Limestone 1 0

7. Not seen 10 0

8. Laminated sandstone 15 0

9. Heavy sandstone 30 0

10. Coal 0 2

11. Shale 4 0

12. Sandstone 1 0

13. Cannel coal and slate 1 0

14. Shale 15 0

15. Finely laminated sandstone 8 0

The coal No. four, in this section, could not be
examined, the old opening having fallen in. —
[Geological Report, 1873, volume i, pp. 333-4
and 5. E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist.] .

THE FIRST SAW AND GRIST MILLS.

The first saw and grist mills were built by
Christopher Shuck, in 1807, for Jacob Livin-
good, on Salt Creek, just below where the Na-
tional Pike now crosses that stream. 'Notwith-
standing its primitive character, Livingood's
mill was hailed as a decided acquisition. The
Livingoods have since built several mills, on the
same stream, but they have been given a
"rest."

John Wartenbee had a small grist mill, on Salt
Creek, lower down than Livingood's, but it, too,
has ceased. Salt Creek no longer turns the busy
wheels ; the naiads now may claim its pools for
bathing.

WESLEY CHAPEL M. E. CHURCH.

The class from which this church sprang, was
organized in Washington township, about 1808,
at the house of John Bowers, and was composed

382

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

of John Bowers, and wife, Barbara, with their
sons, Peter, Nicholas, Heniy, and Samuel, and
daughters, Catharine and Mary, John Vernon,
and Elizabeth, his wife, Jacob Walters, and
Alice, his wife, Aaron Vernon, and Susan, his
wife, William, John, Wells, Elijah, Edward,
Lucinda, Mary, Chi-istina, and Emily Spry.
John Spry was class leader. They met from
house to house, until 1816, when they were per-
mitted to use the school house, just built, and
they continued to meet there, until 1823, when
they built a hewed log meeting hovise, on the
Bowers place, and on that account it was called
the Bowers Meeting House, for many years.

In 1846, a new church, 40x58, of frame, was
built on the northeast quaiter of section six, near
Sonora, Perrj- township, and the congregation
gathered there and worshiped.

The present number of members is ninety.
The Leaders, John Auchauer, Cummins Orr,
and Edward Bowers. The Stewards are, Nich-
olas Bowers, and John Auchauer. The pastor.
Rev. Wm. Peregoy, of Norwich.

EBENEZER M. E. CHURCH.

This society was organized by Joseph Carper,
in 1S27, with the following members: Andrew
Dewees, and wife, Isaiah Carr, and wife, Chris-
topher Shuck, and wife, Edmund Northen, and
wife, and " Mother Spry."

The Trustees were, Isaiah Carr, Christopher
Shuck, John Vernon, Peter Bowers, and Rich-
ard Johnson.

In 1828, the society erected a hewed log
church, 30x38, which they weather-boarded,
plastered, and painted. Some years afterward,
the church was named, Ebenezer M. E. Church,
though it is generally known as " Carr's Church."
Rev. Gilbert Blue preached the first sermon, in
the new church. Edmund Northen was Ex-
horter, Isaiah Carr was Leader.

In 1830, the membership was about thiily,
and four years later the society had doubled its
membership. At this time the Leaders were,
Isaiah Carr, and Samuel Garner ; and, during
this year, Carr was appointed Circuit Steward.

In 185 1, Isaiah Carr was licensed to preach,
and Samuel Garner, and John D. Mock became
Leaders. Jacob Shuck also became a Leader,
and Ward Atkinson was Sabbath School Super-
intendent. Isaiah Carr was local preacher and
Steward.

The foregoing statistics were furnished by
Isaiah Carr, whose age rendered him almost too
infirm for the task ; he was near 87 years of age,
and scarcely able to see, but his spiritual lamp is
" well trimmed and burning."

ST. Paul's evangelical Lutheran church.

About the year 1830, Rev. Samuel Kaemmerer
preached occasionally at the house of George Bor-
der,and formed a small class, composed of George
Border, and family, John Auspach, and family,
and Lorenzo Shick. George Border, and Robert
Dickson, deeded one acre of ground, situated on

the north line, between sections seven and four-
teen, and, on this, a log church, 20x30, was
erected. In 1836, the society contained the fol-
lowing additional members ; J. F. Sutter, Jacob
Folk, Nicholas Lockers, Phillip Bastian, Casper
Brock, Jacob Shick, John Hewett, Michael Sau-
erbaugh, Andrew Sandel, Anna M. Sutter, Mar-
tha Stiers, Elizabeth Crane, and Dorothea Ker-
ner.

The log church stood until 1856, when a new
plat of ground, just east of the old site, was se-
cured from John Culbertson, and a frame church,
34x44, was erected, under the superintendence
of Michael Sauerbaugh, Bartley Sutter, and
Michael Sandel, Trustees.

Rev. Samuel Kaemmerer, preached until 1852,
and was followed by Rev. Amos Bartholomew,
who ministered two years, and Rev. A. J. Wed-
del, three years. The church was dedicated by
Rev's. James Ryan, and A.Bartholomew. Rev.
George Leusabaugh, was installed in 1856, and
remained until i860, and was succeeded by Rev.
W. M. Gilbreath, who served six years, and was
succeeded by Rev. Thos. Drake, who served
until 1869, and was followed by Rev. W. M. Gil-
breath, (second term), who began in 1873, and
continues their pastor.

Elders — Nathan Peregoy, and Philip Birk-
heimer.

Deacons — Bartley Sutter, and Geoi^ge Sauer-
baugh.

Trustees — William Dickson, John Dickson,
and Joshua McGee.

The membership is about one hundred.

POSTOFFICE OF BRIDGEVILLE.

Anno Domini, 1833, application was made to
the Postmaster General, for a postoffice. The
petition was granted, and Andrew Hughes, who
lived near the bridge, on the National Road, was
appointed Postmaster, and the office was called
Bridge ville Postoffice, and thus the hamlet of
Bridgeville was founded. It contains two stores,
kept by A. L. Turney. and Hugh HuflF: two
blacksmith shops, bj' Lewis and Hugh Huft", and
one shoe shop, by T. L. Stiers. Its command-
ing situation argues a bright future. The post-
office has since alternated between Bridgeville
and the store at the cross roads, half a mile west,
where it now is. R. F. Hufl:'is Postmaster.

SONORA.

John Brown was the original proprietor of this
town site ; it was laid out in 1852, by Isaac
Stiers. There are now two stores, kept by the
Haines brothers, and Mrs. Bowers ; one hotel,
kept b}' Robert Dunn ; this was the first house
— built by Solomon Bowers — now known as
"Dunn's Hotel ;" one express and freight of-
fice. Miss M. Bowers, agent : one broom factory,
by Allen Dunn ; two blacksmiths, F. B. Farlej'^,
and G. W. Watts ; one shoemaker, C. W. Jones ;
one carpenter, John Erwin ; one stone mason,
John Whitcraft ; the postoffice. Miss Media Bow-
ers, Postmisti-ess ; one physician, J. D. Jennings,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

383

M. D., and two clergymen, Rev W. M. Gil-
breath (Lutheran), and Rev. Daniels (Bap-
tist).

There are twenty-one dwellings, and about one
hundred inhabitants.

The postoffice at Sonora, was established in
1855 ; Evan Crane was the first Postmaster. He
was succeeded by Adam Turney ; he, by Solomon
Bowers, in 1862 ; he served six years, and died.
J. Probasco then acted as Postmaster, for six
months, when Hester, Solomon Bowers' widow,
was' appointed, and sei'ved eleven years, when she
died, and was succceeded by her daughter
Media, the present incumbent.

The first resident physician in the township,
was Dr. J. S. Halderman ; he was succeeded by
F. H. Jennings, who remained until 1865, when
Dr. J. D. Jennings came, and continues to hold
the fort.

MILITARY RECORD.

The following list is a just source of pride to
the citizens of old Perry as an evidence of her
patriotism. She sent her sons, brothers, and
fathers, to do battle for our common country,
that our liberties might be perpetuated :

Seventy-eighth Regiment O. V. I. — Company
F, David Sinsabaugh, James Taylor, Henry
Birkheimer, Edward Vernon, William Vernon,
John J. Wine, Benjamin Tudor, Joseph Richard-
son, John McHunter, John Morrison.

One Hundred and Twenty-second Regiment
O. V. I. — Company F, Simon H. Fisher, James
Matson, Henry Bowers, John Hauck, Edward
B. McCracken, George E. Walters.

Twenty-fifth Regiment O. V. I. — Company
F, Isaac Berk-heimer, Michael Huffman, John
Huffman, Henry Tudor, William Caw, and
James Russell.

Ninety-seventh Regiment O. V. I. — Company
B, Joseph Sinsabaugh, Samuel Shuck, Henry
Wisecarver.

One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment O. V.
I.— F. L. Stiers.

One Hundi-ed and Ninety-eighth Regiment O.
V. I. — ^John Stiers.

Seventjr-sixth Regiment O. V. I. — William
Frazier.

One Hundred and Ninety-fifth O. V. I. — Da-
vid Dunn, and Howard Johnston — Martin Bow-
ers, Robert Stotts (colored) — John Martin, Wil-
ham Evans, C. H. Craig, J. W. Winn, Alfred
Shamblin.

One Hundred and Eighty-second Regiment O.
V. I.— Richard Reed.

Tenth Regiment O. V. C. — Company F, John
Richardson, J. P. Thatcher, Salathiel Thatcher,
John Morgan, Job Morgan, William Moore,
Gibson Arnold.

Ninth Regiment O. V. C. — George Edwards,
David Reed, Jacob Brock.

One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Regjment
O. V. I.— Howard Miller, Harry Miller.

Seventy-eighth Regiment O. V. I. — Daniel
Bishop, and George Friedlin.

[The foregoing lists were furnished by Alex.
Armstrong, of Sonora Postoffice.]

SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP

FIRST ELECTION ORIGINAL BOUNDARY TOPOG-
RAPHY WATER COURSES FIRST SETTLER

PIONEERS FIRST GRIST MILL FIRST SAW MILL

"crooks' tavern" LINE OF STAGES MILL

ON Jonathan's creek — distillery — first

BRICK ABORIGINES m'kENDREE M.E. CHURCH

FINE WOOLED SHEEP FARM IMPLEMENTS

IMPROVED STOCK SPRINGFIELD CHAPEL

HIGHWAYS PATASKALA MILLS ASSOCIATION

TO RECOVER STOLEN HORSES THE "WESTERN

recorder" POSTOFFICE AT MEADOW FARM

MEADOW FARM CHURCH REV. CORNELIUS

SPRINGER RAILWAY GEOLOGY--CLAY~COAL-

IRON BLUE LIMESTONE SANDSTONE MILI-
TARY IN THE WAR OF l8l2 MEXICAN WAR

WAR OF THE REBELLION COMPANY A, SEV-
ENTY-EIGHTH O. V. I. COMPANY B, SEVENTY-
EIGHTH O. V. I. LIEUTENANT WILES BlilGA-

DIER GENERAL WILES — COMPANY B, ONE
HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH O. N. G. WEST-
ERN FLOTILLA — ^BATTLE OF MONOCACY JUNC-
TION PUTNAM GKAYS MUSKINGUM COUNTY

MILITIA ROLL OF HONOR IMPROVED BREEDS

OF STOCK.

This township was formerly a part of Newton
township. The first election under the new name
was held at David Harvey's tavern, in Zanes-
town, June 21, 1803, when the following officers
were elected :

Clerk — Dr. Increase Matthews. [He admin-
istered the oath of office to the others.]

Trustees — ^John Matthews, David Harvey, and
Isaac Zane.

Overseers of the Poor — Robert McBride, and
David Beam.

Fence Viewers — Seth Carhart, and Thomas
Cordry.

Appraisers of Houses — David Beam and Wil-
liam Blount.

Lister of Taxable Propeity — Thos. Dowden.

Supervisors of Roads — Henry Northrup, Hen-
ry Crooks, John Chandler, George Beymer, and
Hans Mon-ison.

Constable — ^Joseph Jennings.

James Brown was Chairman of the meeting,
Thomas Douden and David Campbell were
Clerks. At this meeting, the township was or-
ganized.

The next meeting was called by the County
Commissioners, at the house of Thomas Douden,
in Springfield, April i, 1805. Levi Whipple was
Chaii'nran ; Samuel Scott and Alexander McCoy,
were the Judges of the election.

The officers were chosen by ballot, as fol-
lows :

Township Clerk — Ezra Perrin.

Trustees — John Matthews and Levi Whipple.

Overseers of the Poor — Levi Chapman and
Alexander McCoy.

Fence Viewers — Jas. Flaherty and Lewis Nve.

Lister of Taxable Property — Samuel Beach.

Appraiser of Houses — Andrew McBride.

Supervisors of Highways — William Newell,
Henry Crooks, and Andrew Crooks.

Treasurer — Andrew McBride.

384

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Constables — ^John Houck and Thomas Douden.

The first meeting of the electors of Springfield,
was convened by order of the County Commis-
sioners, at the house of William Bui-nham, in the
village ot Springfield, April 3, 1809 ; at which
meeting, Isaac Van Home was Chairman ; Isaac
Minshall and Samuel Beach were chosen Judges,
and Levi Whipple, Clerk. The result was as
follows :

Judges — Jesse Chandler, Benjamin Sloan, and
Isaac Van Home.

Overseers of the Poor — ^John Leavens and Ja-
cob Dunn.

Supervisors of Roads — Asher Hart, Isaac Van
Home, E. Buckingham, William Organ, John
Matthews, and Henry Lear.

Constable — John Miser.

Treasurer — Dr. Increase Matthews.

No account of the election of a Justice of the
Peace has been found, but March 11, 1809, the
following entry in the township record "appears :

"The Trustees met agreeably to adjournment,
and settled the account of Levi Whipple on his
docket, as per fines assessed since last settle-
ment."

July I, 1809, "William H. Moore, Esq., pro-
duced his commission as a Justice of the Peace,
to Levi Whipple, Town Clerk, and was. qualified
to that office by Abel Lewis, Clerk of Muskin-
gum County, June 20, 1809."

John Springer was Justice of the Peace soon
after this time, but no date is found.

BOUNDARY OF TOWNSHIP.

The original boundary of the township was as
follows: Beginning at the mouth of the Licking
river, on the south side ; thence, up said river, to
a point where it intersects the "base or military
line ;" thence, west, along said line, six miles
from the place of beginning (bounded on the
north by Falls township and a small portion of
Hopewell township) ; thence, south, three and
three-quarter miles (bounded on the west b}^
Hopewell and a small portion of Newton town-
ship) ; thence, east, six miles, south one-half
mile, and east one mile, to the Muskingum river
(being bounded on the south by Newton and a
small portion of Brush Creek township) ; thence,
up the Muskingum river, to the place of begin-
ning.

The surface of this township is generally roll-
ing, with beautiful and fertile valleys along the
streams. The soil of the valleys is denominated
a sandy loam, with a clay subsoil, in general,
and well adapted to produce wheat, corn, oats,
rye, clover, timothy and other grasses, and veg-
etables. The slopes and uplands are well adapt-
ed to horticulture.

The native trees are white oak, black oak,
chestnut, hickory, ash, beech, black walnut, and
sugar maple.

The topographical features, now so much ad-
mired, had a special attraction in an early day,
also, for the red man, who found the gently slo-
ping hills and tortuous valleys peculiarly fitted
for the haunts of game, and possessed of a weird

charm, for their nomadic habits and fancies.
And the pioneer white man was lured hither by
the abundance of game, of which the elk was
king of the forest, and, on that account, the
French traders at Detroit named this region
"The Kingdom of the Moose," which, among
the hunters, was transposed into Moose-king-
dom, and thence, corrupted into Muskingum —
vide Loskiel. This is corroborated to this day,
by the existence of such succulent grasses and
plants as the moose-deer is known to be partic-
ularly fond of; and also, in conjunction,' the
abundance of small streams of pure water, mak-
ing it a Paradise for such animals.

Among the noted water courses, are Thomp-
son's run and its tributaries, permeating the
northwest portion, and passing out about the
center of the south boundary, into Newton town-
ship, and subsequently emptying into Jonathan's
creek — so called, because Jonathan Zane, being
lost, camped on that stream, near its mouth, and
which his friends named "Jonathan's creek," to
commemorate the event.

Chapman's run, which rises near the center of
the township, runs in a northerly direction, and
empties into the Licking river.

Jonathan's creek, the largest stream in the
township, passes across the southeast corner, and
empties into the Muskingum river.

Shawnee run rises in the western portion of
section fourteen, runs three miles in a southeast-
erly direction, and empties into Jonathan's creek.

Early in the spring of 1799, David Stokely
came up the Muskingum river, and, resolving to
make his home on the Congress land that em-
braced the present site of Putnatn, built his cab-
in near the site of the Putnam foundrj-, and pre-
pared a small field, in wliich he planted and
cultivated corn. When the corn was "laid bv, '
he returned to his late residence, and on the
third of July, of that year, married Miss Abigail
Hurlbut, and, on the sixth daj% introduced his
bride to her new domicile, they having made. the
trip through the trackless forest in three days —
she on horseback, with her trousseau, and he on
foot. Among her first duties in putting her
house in order, w as grubbing the small stumps
from the earth floor, that it might become smooth
by use. This being completed, two stakes were
dri\'en into the ground, near the wall, in a corner,
and a few cross sticks added, on which rushes
were laid, and the primitive bed was made ; and
doubtless was a source of comfort, where, "mid
the visions of "love's }oung dreams," they
wooed the goddess of happiness, with "none to
molest or make them afraid."

Mr. Stokely continued to occupy the premises
with his wife, until the lands were sold, when,
being unable to purchase so large a tract, it was
bought by Dr. Increase Mathews, who associated
witlT,him'his cousin, as elsewhere related. These
gentlemen permitted him to remain on the land
three years longer, as a compensation for the
clearing he had done. Much of the town site
was cleared by Stokely and George Mathews. In
1805, Mr. Stokely removed to a place south of

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

3«5

Jonathan's creek, and there remained until his
death, a period of more than forty years.

According to Rev. Addison Kingsbury's nar-
rative, the following pei'sons came into the town-
ship soon after the town of Springfield was laid
out:

Adam France, in 1802, settled just outside the
village.

John Springer, from West Virginia, in 1806,
settled on section sixteen, about four miles west
of Zanesville.

Dr. J. Rodman, William Hibbs, John Fogies,
and Cornelius Kirk, between 1806 and 1810, set-
tled near together. Jacob Reese settled on the
farm now owned and occupied by his son, Solo-
mon Reese. In 1807, he built a hewed log
house — quite a fine home for those days — and in
1815, erected a frame barn, the first in the town-
ship. Jacob Reese is remembered as a consist-
ent Christian. He died in 1863, aged eighty-
seven years.

CHRONOLOGICAL .

The details of many events that follow, being,
unfortunately, veiy brief, their chronological or-
der, rather than a classified arrangement, will be
followed.

THE FIRST GUIST MILL.

The first grist mill was inaugurated in the sum-
mer of 1799, by John and George Mathews, and
situated on a platform supported by two boats,
so adjusted as to support a wheel between them,
and moored where the water ran swiftest, and
was thus furnished with water power for grind-
ing. It was generally anchored a short distance
above what was, and is, the west end of Putnam
bridge. " Once upon a time," when the river
was high, the waters captured this mill and took
it down the stream as far as Taylorsville, but it
was afterwards brought back, and tradition fur-
ther sa5-s, rendered efficient service.

THE FIRST SAW MILL.

The Spring Hill Company, December ist, 1801 ,
by contract with John Sharp, built a saw m\ll,
with one upright saw, which was run by the long
paddle wheel. A peculiarity of the contract,
said to be customary in "ye olden time," was
that the builder was to be furnished with three
gills of whiskey each day, until the work was
finished.

Levi Whipple built a saw mill in 1802, and in
1804, built a flour mill, just above the site now
occupied by the woolen mill. These mills stood
near together, and were destroyed when the
bridge burned in 1845. Mr. Whipple was a
public spirited, christian gentleman ; his name is
associated with the public enterprises and acts of
benevolence of his time.

Beaumont & Hollingsworth rebuilt the flour
mill just alluded to, and did a large business at
home, besides shipping much flour.

The one known as the Levi Whipple Flour
Mill, in Putnam, was built by the. Spring Hill
Company, in 1803. By the division of property
in 1806, it passed into the hands of Levi Whip-

ple. It was an undershot water wheel power,
one stone, at first. This being before the Mus-
kingum Improvement, Mr. Whipple was obliged
to build a wing dam, and keep it in repair ; and
according to the rules governing in such matters,
he was not allowed to build it so high that it
would hold the water back and interfere with
other mills, yet to get the proper amount of
water, this was often done, and as often by
the owners of the mills above. " The Jackson "
and " Granger Mills," would send men over and
punch holes in his dam and let the water out.
Mr. Whipple operated this mill until about 1820,
when he sold it to Joseph R. Thomas, who,
about 1843, sold it to Beaumont & Hollings-
woi-th, and it was burned in May, 1845.

The mills of to-day have so little in common
with those of which we have just spoken, that
the miller of our time may well be considered a
scientist of the highest order, as compai-ed with
such men as John and George Mathews, with
their floating mill of 1799. The miller of to-daj*
must not only be a machinist, comprehending
the specific purposes of machinerj^ but with the
skill of the manufacturer, he must be able to re-
pair anj' defect or loss by wear, that may occur,
and keep the mill in running order ; which ar-
gues a high state of skill, as perhaps no class of
machinery has undergone more changes than
those used in milling, certainly within the last
fifty years. This requirment involves a prac-
tical application of chemistr}-, too, that fer se
necessitates a clear comprehension of the prin-
ciples involved, in order to secure success ; and
again, the form and composition of a single
grain of wheat is also a matter of importance,
that a proper discrimination may be had, to sep-
arate the different qualities, and convert them in-
to the flour they are adapted to making. Some parts
of the wheat, also, are only fit for.feed, while others
yield the highest grade of flour. That these
qualifications were attained b}^ the inventor of
the present improved machinery, of course, will
not be questioned ; and it is perhaps owing to
the mastery of the principles by the inventor,
that the necessity of at least as high a qualifica-
tion on the part of the miller exists. For ex-
ample: Before the introduction of the "new
process of making flour, it was thought only
necessary to clean the wheat reasonably well,
grind it fine, and also make as few middlings as
possible ; separate the flour, middlings and bran,
by bolting, re-grind the middlings, together with
all the impurities, such as fine bran, germ of the
wheat, dust and fuzz from the crease in the wheat
grain and its fuzz ends, the whole ground up,
making a low grade of flour, and, consequently,
the whole life was killed b}' too close grinding,
and, of course, resulting in a flour that almost
invariably made heavy bread. The exceeding-
fine grinding destroyed the cells in the wheat,
and thus' destroyed tlie rising qualit}-. The
new process demonstrates that the best flour is
included in the middlings, which, in the old way,
was made into the lowest grade, because mixed
with the impurities, as described abo^■e. To

386

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

purify the middlings, therefore, challenged in-
ventive talent of the highest order, since the ma-
chine must produce a mechanical and chemical
result. This demand has been met by a multi-
tude of devices, so that the miller finds himself
supplied with a copious literature, setting forth
their various advantages. Among these, the
blast or suction of wind from a revolving fan,
and the size of mesh in the bolting cloth, which
separates the fine particles of bran, fluff and
other impurities from the middlings, leaving them
sharp, resembling pure white sand, is in use.
From the middlings thus purified, the flour so
much prized by all who have used what is known
as patent flour is made ; grinding it with buhrs,
and bolting through fine cloth. The use of the
purifier is a change for the better, also, by allow-
ing the miller to grind higher, as he terms it, i. e.,
with the stones at a greater dfetance apart, with-
out fear of losing in yield, and increasing the
proportion of low grade flour ; and thus, too,
avoiding the danger of getting just a little too
close in grinding, which, as we have seen, de-
stroys the cells in the wheat, rendering it unfit
for bread. It is found that the higher the grind-
ing, the larger the quantum of middlings, of
which the highest grade of patent flour is made,
and the flour from the fii^st bolting (wheat-flour,
or clear flour) is more granular, whiter and bet-
ter. But the high grinding produces a heavy
bran, leaving too large a quantity of flour ad-
hering to the bran, and hence the necessity of a
machine to get it oflF. Some grind the bran over
on buhrs, and others use machines for knocking
or threshing it off"; but the most successful ma-
chine at present, seems to be the sharp corru-
gated roller ; so arranged, that one roller goes
faster than the other, and accomplishes the de-
sired result. The brush-scourer, for cleaning
wheat, is a superior device, in general use, but
this article does not admit of giving the minutia
of the numerous machines, as it is not intended
to be cyclopedic.

The wheat heater, used to warm the wheat in
cold weather, to a temperature known to facili-
tate grinding, is used to advantage, as manifestly
frozen wheat would not yield good results. The
speed of running, too, is important; formerly
it was thought necessary to run four foot stones,
from one hundred and eighty to two hundred
and ten revolutions per minute, and grind
from twelve to eighteen bushels of wheat per
hour ; now the mills that have the best repu-
tation only run from one^ hundred and twenty
to one hundred and thirty-five revolutions per
minute, and grind from four to six bushels per
hour, to the run of stone ; thus avoiding undue
heating of the chops, and leaving the flour, when
bolted, free from injury by overheating, and re-
taining all the life peculiar to healthy, perfect
grain, and therefore affording the highest amount
of healthy bread.

crooks' tavbrn.

In 1804, Andrew Crooks opened a wagon road,
along the " Zane Trace," from Zanesville, about

nine miles, to where it crosses Jonathan's Creek,
in Newton township, and opened a public house,
that for many years was known as " Crooks'
Tavern."

LINE OF STAGES.

In 1821, William Beard put a line of stages on
this road (opened by Crooks) ; the first drivers
were William Griffy, and Samuel Murdock.
They made connection with the stages, on the
road, from Wheeling to Chillicothe, a route that
was in operation in 1817, by John S. Dugan.

FLOURING MILL ON JONATHAN'S CREEK.

In 1806, John Mathews built a large flouring
mill, on Jonathan's Creek, about half a mile from
where it empties into the Muskingum river.
And about the same time he erected a saw mill,
near by.

DISTILLERY.

In 1 8 10, John Mathews erected a distiller}-,
also, nearby. He was assisted in the manufac-
ture of whiskey by Ira Belknap. Mr. Mathews
erected quite a number of dwellings, for the men
in his employ ; they were located near the mill,
and the settlement was soon after known as
" Moxahala."

The first brick kiln, as near as can be ascer-
tained, was located on the north side of the
Cooper Mill Road, near the present Fair
Grounds, and was inaugurated b}- William Sim-
mons, in 1807.

ABORIGINES.

In 181 2, a number of Shawnee Indians
camped near a large spring, which the pioneers
called "Shawnee," from this circumstance.
When these red men of the forest first appeared
in this locality, the pale faces were suspicious,
and fearful, lest their visit might mean a threat-
ening danger ; but, as they manifested a friendly
spirit, and offered for sale, or exchange, furs,
moccasins, and trinkets, the}- were soon only re-
garded with curiosity ; many visiting their camp
to gratify their desire to know what manner of
people "they were, and how they lived. How
long they tarried, we are not informed.

Tliey were remnants of a people,
Sweeping westward, wild and woeful.
Like the cloud-rack of a tompebt,
Like the withered leaves in autumn;
They are gone— 'tis hoped they're blest,
With rtst among their people,
With the joys they t'er were hopeful
As they prized their ancestral token.

m'kendree m. e. church.

McKendree M. E. Church is situated about
four miles from the city, in a southwest direction.
The society was organized about the year 1815.
The first members were John Springer, and
wife, Cornelius Springer, Philip Russell, and
wife, Joseph Rodman, andfamily, John Johnson,
Mrs. WiUiam Bisant, Widow Smith, FrankHn
Bisant, and wife, David Oliver, and wife.

The first class leaders were John Springer,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

387

Joseph Rodman, David Oliver, and J. HuflF.

The first preachers, who served in the order
following, were Rev. J. B. Finley, John Goshen.
The local preacher was David Olive.

The subsequent members were : Thomas
Wilber, and family, Ichabod Wilber, and family,
Richard Reed, and family, Joseph Butler, and
family, Samuel Simmons, and family, Joshua
Huff, and wife ; the following were members
of the congregation : Richard Dickinson, and
family, James Williams, and family, Robert
Canon, and family-

Their first meeting house was built of logs, and
also served for a school house.

Their present brick church was built in 1842,
and is about sixty by forty feet.

The society has a cemetery, containing about
one acre of ground, near the church. The first
person buried there was a Mr. Graham, in 1828.

FINE WOOLED SHEEP.

Dr. Increase Mathews was the first, in this
township, to engage in growing fine wooled
sheep. This was about 1820. He obtained his
start, in this stock, from Vermont, and was very
successful, although he did not continue in the
business many years. In 1843, he, in company
with William Baldwin, of Putnam, employed
Sanford Howard, to go to Massachusetts, and
purchase short horned Durham cattle, male and
female, also Herefords.

Mrs. Merriam, relict of Cyrus Merriam, and
grand daughter of Gen'l. Rufus Putnam, nar-
rates that her husband came to Springfield,
when about twenty-one years old, and engaged
in the mercantile business. He subsequently
bought a fruit farm, about two miles southwest
of town, about 1826, and resided thei-e at the
time of his death, in November 1873. In 1828,
he purchased a flock of sheep, from Dr.
Mathews, and for a few years gave attention to
wool growing.

DISTILLERY.

In 1820, Jacob Reese built a distillery, on his
own farm, where he lived.

The fi^rst farm implements were home made,
or nearly so. Plows had wooden mould boards ;
harrow teeth were made of wood; ha}^ forks
of the same, constituted by splitting the end of
a piece of wood, adapted for a handle, and thus
making two prongs which were smoothed and
pointed. The fii-st improvement in hay forks
was made by blacksmiths, and was a notable
event. This" improvement, and the patent, or
•cast iron mould-board for plows, was brought
into use in 1825. Harrow teeth were made of
iron somewhat earlier, perhaps as early as 1810.

THE SPRINGFIELD CHAPEL.

A society of Methodist Protestants was organ-
ized in 1827, and, before building a place of wor-
ship, held meetings in a log house that had been
used by Solomon Wylie as a dwelling. They
first built on a piece of ground owned by Ligget
Grav, and leased by Solomon Wylie, whose son.

Abraham, dubbed the meeting house "Solomon's
Temple," because his father was instrmental in
oi'ganizing the society, and many of the old set-
tlers— and younger ones, too, for that matter—
continue to call it "The Temple," or "Solornp^n's
Temple." This edifice was built about the year
1835, ^^'-^ was a frame building, thirty bj^ forty
feet.

About the year 1855, the present church, also
a frame building, forty by sixty feet, was erected.

The first members were : Joseph Rodman and
wife, Ligget Gray and wife, Samuel Johnson
and wife, John Johnson and wife, John Springer
and wife.

The first preachers were : William Ivans and
Cornelius Springer.

A Sabbath School was organized by this soci-
ety, in 1838. At that time there were twenty-five
scholars ; at this time the average attendance is
ninety. The present Superintendent is William
Hibbs. The number of church members is about
one hundred. Regular services and preaching
eveiy two weeks.

HIGHWAYS PIKES .

The National road, from Washington City, D.
C, to St. Louis, Missouri, was built across the
northeast corner of Springfield township, in 1828.
Neil, Moore & Co., "put a line of stages" on this
part of the road in 183 1 . William Lloyd was the
first driver.

The Zanesville and Maysville pike was built
through the southeastern part of the township in
1838-9.

PATASKALA MILLS.

In the year 1830, Isaac Dillon erected a large
mill in the northeastern part of the township, at
the mouth of the Licking river, and called it the
Pataskala Mill. It contained one pair of buhrs,
and the necessary additional machinery for the
manufacture of wheat and buckwheat flour and
corn meal. 'The mill has received important ad-
ditions since that date, and does a large business.

ASSOCIATION FOR THE RECOVERY OF STOLEN
HORSES.

February 23d, 1833, Jacob Reese, Edward Rex,
Anthony Smith, Samuel Seamans, and John Fo-
gle formed a society, under the name of the
" Springfield Association for the Recovery of
Stolen Horses, and the Detection of the Thief or
Thieves." They evidently regarded this as an
important matter, which should be governed by
fixed rules and regulations, for they adopted a
constitution, with rules and regulations, for their
government, in which the duties of the members
and officers were specifically defined, and all
with the evident intention of being not only law
abiding, but, under the construction of the rights,
privileges and duties of American citizenship,
they were to enforce the laws insulting the safetj'
of their property and the suppression of crime.

The constitution and by-laws were signed by
Jacob Rees, President ; Edward Rex, Treasurer ;
Anthony Smith, Samuel Seamans, and John
Fogle.

388

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

No other names appear as members, although
It is supposed there were many.

Section 3 of the constitution provides : "Every
member who shall go in pursuit of stolen horses,
shall keep a regular account of all his routes and
expenses, which accounts he shall hand to the
Treasurer within ten days after his return."

Section 4 says : "Any member being notified
to go in pursuit of stolen horses, if he has not suf-
.ficient money by him, may borrow any amount
up to five dollars upon the credit of this company,
and all such loans the society bind themselves to
pay, and if, after paying his expenses, he shall
have a balance left, he shall hand it over to the
Treasurer, with his accounts, for settlement, and
if, upon examination of the accounts, there shall
still be a balance in favor of the company, he
shall pay the same upon being demanded by the
Treasurer, and if he shall refuse or neglect to pay
the same, the Treasurer shall collect it by law, in
the same manner as debts under five dollars are
collected."

"The Western Recorder" was the only paper
ever published in Springfield township. This
paper was published by Rev. Cornelius Spring-
er, at his home — "Meadow Farm" — about six
miles west of the city of Zanesville, July i8th,
1833. In 1845, it passed into the hands of A.
H. Bassett, who removed it to Putnam, and con-
tinued to publish it until 1855, when it was trans-
ferred to the Methodist Protestant Church, it
being devoted to expounding the doctrines and
usages of that church. Mr. Bassett i-eceived for
the estabHshment the sum of $1,250.

In September, 1855, the establishment was re-
moved to Springfield, Clark county, Ohio. The
paper, from this time, was called the "Western
Methodist Protestant." Mr. Bassett continued
to edit and publish the paper until November,
i860, when, by act of the Convention of the
church, held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the
editorial and business departments of the paper
were put into separate hands, and Dr. George
Brown was elected editor and A. H. Bassett
made the pubHshing agent.

In November, 1862, Dr. Brown was succeed-
ed in the editorial department, by Dennis B.
Dorsey. Jr., who, in October, 1864, resigned,
and was succeeded by John Scott. At the Gen^
eral conference, held at Alleghany, Pennsylva-
nia, in 1866, a union of the Methodist Proleslant
Church, and the Wesleyans was effected, under
the name of the "Methodist Church," and the
name of the paper was changed to that of
"Methodist Recorder." At a meeting of the
Board of Publication, at Springfield, in May,
1870, Mr. Scott tendered his resignation, to take
effect .September ist, 1870, and Alexander Clark
was elected to succeed him.

At a session of the General Conference, held
at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in May, 1871, it
was decided to transfer the paper and "the book
concern" to that place. The last issue of the
"Methodist Recorder," at Springfield, was Oc-
tober 25th, 1871. The first issue at Pittsburgh,

was November 15th, of the same year, where it
is still published.

Dr. Clark discharged the duties of editor from
September, 1871, till his death, in Juty, 1879,
which occurred at the residence of Governor
Colquitt, in Atlanta, Georgia. After the death
of Dr. Clark, John Scott, D.D., was again chosen
editor, which position he has continued to fill. —
[George W. Barnett.]

POSTOFFICE.

The postoffice at Meadow Farm was at the
printing office of the "Western Recorder, "about
six miles west of the city of Zanesville, in 1839.
Rev. C. Springer was appointed Postmaster.
The office was discontinued in 1845.

Meadow Farm Church (Methodist Protestant)
is situated about six miles southwest of the city
of Zanesville, on land donated by Rev. Cornelius
Springer. The society was organized in 1854.
The first members were Rev. Cornelius Springer
and wife, Joseph Rodman and family, John
Springer and family, Jeremiah Springer and
family, and Mrs. Ellen Wortman.

The first Class Leaders were John Springer,
Joseph Rodman, and John Johnson. The first
preacher was Rev. William B. Ivans.

A Sabbath School was pi-ganized soon after,
with about fifty scholars. The present Superin-
tendent is I. R. Gray.

Rev. Cornelius Springer was born in Wil-
mington, Delaware, about the year 1793, and
came to this township with his father, John
Springer, in 1806. When a young man, he was
converted, and joined the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and, soon after, became an itinerant
preacher — perhaps in 1816. He continued in
this work as long as he was able for duty, and
died August 17th, 1875, in the eighty-fourth year
of his age. His career of public usefulness be-
gan in the school-room. When the division of
the church took place, in 1829, he identified him-
self with the moiety known as the Methodist
Protestants, and led off as editor and publisher
of the "Western Recorder," the organ of the
church, an account of which is given elsewhere in
this chapter.

RAILROAD.

The Cincinnati, Wilmington and Zanesville,
subsequently the Cincinnati and Muskingum
Vallej' Railroad, was built across the east end of
the township, in 1854. ^^'^^ leading citizens of
Putnam were prominent contributors to the build-
ing of this road.

The first organization not having sufficient
means for building the road, it was mortgaged,
and thus the money for building and equipping
was raised. The mortgage was foreclosed and
the road sold, at a great reduction — below cost.
It is now leased to the Pennsylvania Company,
and is under the control and management of the
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railwaj-
Company.

John A. Adams, of Zanesville, was a Direc-
tor. William M. Triplett, of Circleville, Ohio,
was Secretary.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

389

GEOLOGICAL.

On the land of Rev. J. Springer (section six-
teen), the following section was taken :

Feet. Inches.

1. Blossom of coal

2. Not seen 60 0

3. Putnam Hill limestone 1 6

4. Shale 3 0

5. Sandstone 1 0

6. Shale 2 0

7. Coal 1 0

8. Under-clay 0 6

9. Sandyshale 10 0

10. Siderite ore 0 6

11. Flint 0 10

12. Dark shale and laminated sandstone.. 5 0

13. Fine grained sandstone 4 0

The fine-grained sandstone (number thirteen,
in the above section), is a very handsome, light
blue stone, very evenly bedded, easily quarried,
and has proven to be durable.

On the land of Perry Bolin, section six, in
this township, a limoriite ore, six inches thick, is
found, at an elevation of fifty-four feet above the.
Putnam Hill limestone. This ore is taken to the
Zanesville furnace. The following is an analy-
sis bv Prof. Wormley :

Specific gravity ....■■ 2.624

Water combined ..- 13.20

Silieious matter 14.96

Iron sesqui oxide 67.35

Manganese 0.90

Lime, phosphate > 0.63

Lime, carbonate 0.81

Magnesia 1-32

Sulphur (Trace)

Total 99.57

Metallic iron 47.15

Phosphoric acid 0.29

This is an excellent ore, rich in iron, free from
sulphur, and containing onh^ a small amount of
phosphorus.

The seam, where measured, averages six
inches in thickness.

In Springfield township, tlie two seams of coal
known as the two New Lexington coals (the up-
per of which is-the equivalent of the great seam
of southern Perry county), are almost constantly
seen, in their proper horizons. They are worked
in many places. They always hold the same
position, relatively, to the Putnam Hill limestone.
The original and typical Putnam Hill limestone
is found in this township, and is easily examined
in the dug-way just above the bridge of the Cin-
cinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad. — [Geo-
logical Eeport, 1873, Vol. I, pp. 327-8.]

Clay. — "Fire clay" is found on .the lands of
L. H. Dugan and others, near the city, and is
gaining the reputation of being a superior quality
for lining capsules for foundry purposes. About
fourteen hundred tons are annually hauled from
Mr. Dugan's to the city. This clay is near the

limestone, and both are taken out to good ad-
vantage, together. Other clay (potters' clay) of
good quality is abundant, and extensively man-
ufactured in this township.

Coal. — Bituminous coal of good quality is
abundant in this township, and is mined exten-
sively on several farms near the city.

Iron. — Iron ore, from four to six inches thick,
has been discovered in several localities, but has
not been mined or worked. It may prove very
valuable. About the year 1818, James Crosby

and Mr. Jackson built an iron forge a few

rods south of the south end of the lower bridge.
They obtained pig-iron at Dillon's furnace-, of
Licking.. They used horse power.

Blue limestone. — A stratum about four feet
thick extends pretty generally over the township.
It is a good building stone, and good lime is
made of it.

Sandstone of good variety for building pur-
poses is abundant. Also "firestone." large
quantities of which are dressed and shipped to
other cities by S. G. McBride, who is also en-
gaged in the manufacture of granite monuments
and tombstones. The stone used for the base of
these structures being obtained in this township.

MILITARY.

The following are known to have served in the

Revolutionary War : Captain ^Warner and

Addison ; and the following in the Indian

War, under General Anthony W'ayne : William
H. Moore, enlisted at Northumberland, Penn-
sylvania, in Captain Cook's company. Rangers,
April ist, 1792, discharged at Greencastle,
Pennsylvania, April 17th, 1795 ; and Joseph
Dorrah, enlisted in 1794, in Captain Bragg' s
company. Rangers.

In the Warof 1812 — Colonel Edward Tupper,
William H. Moore, John Hempfield, Samuel
Simmons, William Manley, Ambrose Josselyn,
and Quartermaster Horace Nye.

Drafted— Samuel Chapman, Sr., who being
sick at the time, sent a substitute, name not
given.

In the Mexican War — John G. Leisure.

In the War of the Rebellion, 1861, as follows :

Company A, Seventy-eighth O. V. I., was
raised by Colonel H. D. Munson, Putnam. It
is noteworthy that his daughter, Julia, traveled
with him when recruiting this company, and it
is said was a valuable Aid-de-Camp.

Company B, Seveiity-eighth O. V. I., was
raised in Putnam and vicenity, by Z. M. Chand-
ler and G. F. Wiles. Z. M. Chandler was ap-
pointed Captain, G. F. Wiles First Lieutenant,
and G. D. Munson, Second Lieutenant. Mr.
Chandler resigned his position as Superintendent
of the Public Schools of Putnam, to go into the
army. He was appointed Major of his regiment,
at Bolivar, Tennessee, and was soon after pro-
moted to Lieutenant Colonel, but during the Mis-
sissippi campaign he was compelled to resign on
account of bad health, which he did at Raymond,
Mississippi.

Lieut. G. F. Wiles was appointed Captain of

J90

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Company C, Seventy-eighth O. V. I., April i6th,
1862. He was appointed Lieutenant Colonel,
and took command of his regiment on the battle
field of Champion Hills, May i6th, 1863. At
Atlanta, he was appointed Colonel of his regi-
ment, and during the greater part of the siege
he was in command of the Second Brigade.
After the South Carolina campaign, he was ap-
pointed Brevet Brigadier General, for his effi-
ciency, as well as that of the regiment. On the
campaign from Savannah, Georgia, to Golds-
boro. North Carolina, he commanded the Second
Brigade through terrible hardships and almost
unsurmountable difficulties. When the regiment
arrived at Washington, D. C, he was promoted to
Brevet Brigadier General, on merit alone. He
was breveted, also, by act of Congress. He re-
mained with his regiment until the close of the
war, and was mustered out of service at Colum-
bus. Ohio, Jvily 15th, 1865. He was said to be
one of the best officers in the army.

The Seventy-eighth Ohio was one of the best

drilled regiments in the army ; was in thirty-five

engagements ; never driven from the field by the

^ enemy ; when it left the field of battle it was by

order of its own officers.

Company B, of the One Hundred and Fifty-
ninth O. N. G., was organized in Putnam, in the
year 1863. Nearly all of its members lived in
Spi-ingfield township. It was equipped and
mustered into the United States service in re-
sponse to the call by Goverrior Brougli, for forty
thousand volunteers, for one hundred days.
The regiment was mustered in May 9th, 1864.
Company B, with the regiment, under orders,
proceeded from Zanesville, Ohio, to Harper's
Ferry, Virginia, for garrison duty. They were
afterwards stationed on Maryland Heights, then
at Camp Bradford, Baltimore.

Gilbert D. Munson was appointed Second
Lieutenant of Company B, Seventy-eighth O.
V. I., at the organization of the regiment, De-
cember I2th, 1861, and was appointed Captain
of his company September 7th, 1862, and was sub-
sequently detailed on General Leggett's staff',
and promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of his regi-
ment, January, 1865. He won a creditable rep-
utation as an officer of more than ordinary ability,
and pleasing address. He took command of the
regiment at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and led
it through to Alexandria, Virginia. His coolness
and bravery on the field of battle were almost
unequaled. He remained with his command
until the close of the war, and was mustered out
of service at Columbvis, Ohio, July iSth, 1865.

Charles C. Wiles was appointed First Lieuten-
ant, and assigned as Assistant Quartermaster of
the Seventy-eighth regiment, in 1862, and served
acceptably to the close of the war.

Charles Roper was appointed Bugler and
Chief Musician, and under him the regiment
had a band that was unsurpassed by any in the
service. His health having failed, and the position
of Chief Musician being abandoned, he was
mustered out at Lake Providence, Louisiana.

Charles H. Bunher, of Company B, was one
of the musicians.

Benjamin F. Scott, Seventh Corporal of Com-
pany B, was killed in the action at Atlanta,
Georgia.

The following members of Company B,
Seventy-eighth Regiment, O. V. I., were resi-
dents of Springfield township : G. W. Beards-
]ey, Amos H. Brelsford, George W. Cooper,
Richard Dickinson, Samuel Dickinson, John
E. Jones, Samuel Lewis, Geo. H. Mathews,
Joseph Osmond, David Smith, Jacob P. Springer,
Isaac Springer, John Weaver, Frank Munson.

Company A, Seventy-eighth Regiment O.V. I. ,
Thomas Mathews.

Company C, Seventy-eighth Regiment O.V. I.,
William C. Younger.

The following persons volunteered to serve in
the United States Navy (Western Flotilla):
William. Anderson, Henry Burns, Henry Bor-
ing, Solon Best, John Bowers, George Berkshire,
James Brunen, Peter Cline, James Crozier, Wil-
liam Cockrill, Conrade Carl, E. B. Haver,
James Huff, Andrew Josselyn, E. Farquhar,
William Lenhart, William Larzelere, John
McCoy, G. B. McClelland, C. A. Merriam,
WilHam McBride, F. Omsted, E. N. Nicholson,
William Philips, James Peters, James Palmer,
George Rex, Seth Stoughton, Eb. Seboi^n, Jef-
ferson Stonesipher, R. Stillwell, George Shaw,
Dan Schuler, N. K. Smith, Joseph R. Thomas,
Jr., T. S. Wilbur, J. V. H. Wiles, Enoch
Wilbur.

The following officers and soldiers vol-
unteered from Camp Bradford, July 4, 1864,
to proceed to Fi'ederick Cit}'. Maryland, as
mounted infantry, for the purpose of preventing
the enemy from coming into Maryland :

Captain — Henry S. Allen.
First Lieutenant^ — Milton F. Timons.
Second-Lieutenant — Samuel L. Wiles.
Sergeants — ^JohnBaughman, Samuel Hadden,
David McCandlish.

Corporals — ^James A. McFarland, William
Curtis, Jr., Philip Stockdale, John G. Fisher,
Samuel H. Sawhill.

Musician — Edward B. Haver.

Privates— John J. Ashbaugh, George W. Baugh-
man, James F. Baughman, John Booz, John
Curtis, Edward Crowell, William Chilcote,
Henry C. Dieterick, John J. Ewen, Geoge B.
Ewen, Alphonzo J. Helmuth, Oliver King,
Christian Kagaj', Samuel R. Larimer, William
J. Lamb, Perry Longshore, William H. Meyers,
Louis Munch (who was taken pi-isoner and es-
caped), Thomas I. Moorhead, John McMillen,
John Melor, Sylvanus Mevay, John Mevay,
Thomas Myers, Thomas Ross, James W. Terry,
John Tomlinson, John Terry, John H. White,
and Thomas Webster. They skirmished all day,
Friday, July 8th, at the bottom of South Moun-
tain, two miles from Frederick City. July 9th,
they fought the enemy, at the battle of Mono-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

39^

cacy Junction, Maryland, from seven o'clock in
the morning till six o'clock in the evening.

" Ah ! never shall the land forget,
How gushed the life blood of her brave ;

Gushed, warm with hope aud courage yet,
Upon the soil they fought to save.''

They returned to Camp Bradford July i8th.

One Hundreth and Fi%-ninth Regiment, O.V.
I. — Lucius P. Marsh was Captain of Company
A, and Charles W. Potwin, First-Lieutenant.

PUTNAM GRAYS.

This military company was organized in 1839.
The company was well drilled, and made a fine
display, in fancy maneuvers, and dress parade.
The members were among the most prominent
citizens of the township, and the majority of
them residents of Putnam.

Jesse P. Hatch was Captain. He was a grad-
uate in the Military School of Norwich, Ver-
mont, under Captain Partridge. The company
was, therefore, in good hands, and soon acquired
proficiency in the manual then in use, as Captain
Hatch was a fine di'ill master. He made the
Greys a model company, in so much that the
citizens were proud of it. But odd as it may ap-
pear, it is impossible to give a regular listof the
membership. The last officers were : Captain,
William C. Eli ; First Lieutenant, Lawson
Wiles ; Ensign, J. C. Cherry. The company
disbanded in 1845.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY MILITIA.

The First Regiment of Muskingum County
Militia had its headquarters in this township,
and was organized in 1863, under an act of the
Legislature passed at the session of 1862-3.

It was composed of citizens of Springfield,
Brush Creek, Clay, Newton, and Hopewell
townships, liable to do military duty.

Three companies were raised in Springfield.
A. M. Huston, H. B. Taylor, and H. L. Gray,
were elected Captains. Captain Taylor's com-
pany, was, subsequently, consolidated with the
other two.

The regiment was composed of twelve compa-
nies, viz : Two in Springfield ; three in Brush
Creek (Captains, David Walls, G. B. Minear,
and Joseph Boyd) ; one in Clay (Captain G. B.
Weaver) ; three in Newton, (Captains H. A.
Axline, Geo. W.Jenkins, and James Andei'son) ;
and three in Hopewell (Captains William
Down, Leroy Robinson, and Joseph Porter).

A. M. Huston was elected Colonel of the reg-
iment; G. W. Showers (of Brush Creek), Lieu-
tenant-Colonel; James Colvin (of Hopewell
township). Major; C. A. Merriam (of Spring-
field), Adjutant; A. C. Brechville (of Newton
township), Quartermaster.

A. F. Street was elected to fill the vacancy by
the promotion of A. M. Huston to the Colonelcy.

The officers did militia duty at Newark, Ohio,
one week annually ; the regiment did militia
duty at Newark, Ohio, one day annually ; and

each company did militia duty two days an-
nually.

ROLL OF HONOR OF MILITARY DEAD.
[Compiled from W. 0. Munson's Kecord.]

Aston, Randolph C. ; Company B, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Atkinson, F. M. ; Company B, Twenty-fourth
Regiment O. V. I.

Atkinson, James : Company E, Nineteenth
Regiment O. V. I.

Alves, Henry ; Company H, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Aston, J. W. ; Company E, Nineteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Beatty, Henry ; Company M, Fifth U. S. Col-
ored.

Brown, George ; Company M, Fifth U. S. Col-
ored.

Berkshire, William ; Company K, Ninety-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Ball, Nelson ; Company — , Nineteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Cockerel, William A. ; Company — , Twelfth
Regiment O. V. I.

Chapman, John L. ; Company K, Ninety-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Crooks, William ; Company B, One Hundred
and Thirty-fifth Regiment O.V. I.

Dickerson, Richard ; Company B, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Dorsey, Thomas ; Company E, First Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Dant, Frank ; Company E, Nineteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Davy, John ; Company — , Regiment — :

Deitrick, William ; Company A, Sixty-second
Regiment O. V. I.

Emery, William ; Company D, Sixt}'-second
Regiment O. V. I.

Figley, Robert; Companj^ B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

France, Howard C. ; Company E, Nineteenth
Regiment O. V. I.

Fletcher, Western ; Company M, Eleventh U.
S. Coloi^ed.

Gray, John ; Company E, Fortieth Regiment
O. V. I.

Gardner, William ; Company K, Ninety-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Gad, Miles D. ; Company E, Nineteenth Reg-
iment O. V. I.

Hopes, Lieut. Thomas ; Company F, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Hall, Nathaniel ; Company M, Eleventh U. S.
Colored.

Hemphill, Finley ; Company K, Ninety-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Harding, John W. ; Company E, Nineteenth
Regiment O. V. I.

Haver, Lewis P. ; Company E, Third Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Haflfhill, John ; Company — , Eleventh U. S.
Colored .

Hunnicut, Greenbeny ; Company D, Ele\enlh
U. S. Colored.

392

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

James, Alvah ; Company C, Thii'teenth Cav-
alry.

Josselyn, Alfred ; Company A, One Hundred
ahd Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

Kinney, William ; Company M, Eleventh Reg-
iment U. S. colored.

Kountz, Charles ; Company E, Nineteenth U.
S. colored.

Kelley, James ; gunboat.

Lewis, Samuel ; Company B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Lewis, James ; Company B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Matthews, George H. ; Company B, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

McMillen, William ; Andersonville prison.

Osmond, Joseph ; " "

Potts, George I.; Quartermaster Sergeant
Ninety-fifth Regiment.

Palmer, J. W. ; Company — , Nineteenth Reg-
iment O. V. I.

Phillips, John; Company B, Twenty -fourth
Regiment O. V. I.

Runnion, Joel ; Compan}^ F, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Reed, Major B. C. G. ; One Hundred and Sev-
enty-fourth Regiment O. V. I.

Reynolds, Horace ; Seventy-sixth Regiment
O. V. I.

Smith, Albert; Company B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Salade, John W. ; Company G, Ninety-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Smith, Charles ; Company C, Thirteenth Cav-
alry. _

Springer, Catharinus ; Company E, Nineteenth
Regiment O. V. I.

Skinner, John; Company B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Stockdale, Robert ; Company K, Ninet3'-sev-
enth Regiment O. V. I.

Scott, B. F. ; Company K, Ninety-seventh
Regiment O. V. I.

Schnebby, Warren B, Twenty-fifth Cavaliy.

Spaulding, John H. ; Company K, Ninetv-
seventh Regiment O. V. I.

Starts, Thomas ; Company — . Fifth U.S. In-
fantry, colored.

Tuttle, Austin ; Company A, Sixteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Thompson, John ; unknown, colored.

Wiles, William Harrison; Compau) B, Fif-
teenth Regiment O. V. I.

Wiles, Cordon R. ; Company B, Sevent^■-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Williams, Benoni A. ; Thirteenth Cavalr\'.

Weaver, Charles ; Company E, Nineteenth
Regiment O. V. I.

Weaver, John ; Company B, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Wont, George ; Company -^, Nineteenth Reg-
ment O. V. I.

IMPROVED BREEDS OF STOCK.

Fine Wooled Sheep. — Dr. Increase Mathews
was the first in this township to engage in grow-

ing fine wooled sheep. This was about 1820, and
he obtained his start in this stock, in Vermont.

Cyrus Merriam, who came from Brandon,
Vermont, when about twenty-one years of age,
and-engaged in merchandising — soon after mar-
ried the grand-daughter of General Rufus Put-
nam, now a widow, in her Seventy-seventh year,
and to whom we are indebted for this informa-
tion— in the year 1826, purchased a fruit farm,
about two miles southwest of town, and lived
there until he died, in November, 1873. In 1828,
Mr. Merriam purchased a flock of sheep from
Dr. Mathews, and for a few years gave atten-
tion to wool growing. In 1843, he and William
Baldwin, of Putnam, employed Sandford How-
ard to go to Massachusetts and purchase for them,
and bi'ing to this place, some Durham cattle, for
breeding ; also, some Herefords. Mr. Merriam
then engaged in raising stock of those varieties,
but soon after confined his attention to the short-
horned, and was very successful. He continued
in the business as long as he lived, and his sons
became his successors.

Devons. — In 1864, James Buckingham began
growing this highly prized breed of cattle, and
subsequently associated with L. H. C. Howard,
and continued in the business. Their stock is
valueid highly, for breeding purposes, and some
of their strains have found purchasers at a con-
siderable distance away.

Blooded Horses. — Mr. Buckingham.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

WHEN IT WAS THE RED MAN S D0:MAIN MOUND

BUILDERS THE TOWNSHIP AS NOW RECOG-
NIZED "MAD ANTHONY" PIONEERS BOUND-
ARIES ELECTION — TOPOGRAPHY PRODUCTS

STREAMS COAL IRON FIRST ROAD SALT

WORKS FAIR VIEW i\L E. CHURCH FIRST SAB-
BATH SCHOOL FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE CEME-
TERIES FIRST JUSTICE OF THE PEACE— FIRST

POST ROUTE — POSTOFFICE POSTMASTER - —

MILLS FIRST STORE BRICK KILNS FARM IM-
PLEMENTS— DUNCAN. HIS HOME, HABITS, DEATH,

CAVE, GUN — Duncan's falls — first black-

SMI'IIIS — FIRS'r T WERN DUNCAN"s FALLS LAID

OUT NKTERAN PHYSICIAN IMPROVED BREEDS

OF STOCK THE PARKINSON SCHOOL HOUSE —

lEMPERANCK UAVE — DEBATING SOCIETY DUN-

CAN's falls BAPTIST CHURCH PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH ANCHOR LODGE, F. AND A. M., NO.

283 METHODIST CHURCH UNION SUNDAY

SCHOOLS LITERARY SOCIETY MILITARY, IN

THE "war OF '12" LIGHT INFANTRY COMPA-
NY, IN 1840 IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION

GEOLOGY.

The region now known by this name, once
formed a part of the red man's domain. Some
branch or subdivision of the once great Shawnee
Nation, perhaps, built "old town," on the east

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

393

side of the river, at Duncan's Falls. They were
there as late as 1794, but —

They are gone ! They are gone
To the distant forests, dark and deep —

To happy hunting-grounds are gone,
And with their fathers sleep.

Among the evidences of earlier inhabitants
having roamed over this country, are mounds,
some, evidently, built by Indians, and others by
that peculiar race, called "mound-builders."
One of this latter class is found in the town of
Duncan's Falls. It is about thirty feet in diam-
eter, on top, sloping gently down the sides, and
has an elevation of about ten feet above the sur-
rounding surface. Another of this class, and
about the same size, is found half a mile north
of this ; and still another, of about the same di-
mensions, is found on section nine. To the
eastward of this mound, nearly half a mile, is
a circular formation, about fifty feet in diameter,
having a ditch nearly six feet deep, on the inside.
There is a doorway at the east part of this struc-
ture, with a mound just inside this passage-way,
and, on the embankment surrounding the mound,
large forest ti-ees are growing, indicating that the
structure was made when no trees were in that
locality, as these trees are larger than those in
the surrounding forests. There are other and
smaller mounds, recognized as such as Indians
erect for burial-places.

The township, as now recognized, was not
named and bounded for a quarter of a century
after the first settler had reared his cabin in
the wilderness known onlj' to native denizens.
And, doubtless, he who suggested the name was
thinking of "the eternal fitness of things," for
Anthony Wayne was not alone a valiant soldier-
officer — he was a moral hero. While clinging
to his sword, as a means of safety, he was dis-
posed to invite his antagonist to join in a council
of peace, and, while the enemies of civilization
feared "Mad Anthony," they respected him for
his steadfastness and integrity. These traits, as
every schoolboy knows, were the secrets of his
success. Hence, the propriety of naming a new
settlement after him, perpetuating the memory
of his life lessons and emulating his example.

It was a beautiful spring morning, in 1802,
when James Findley found the spot that becatne
his home. Lured by the beauty so lavishly dis-
played on every hill and vale, and regaled by
the balmy odors of rarest flora, is the thought
fondly cherished by his descendants. Mingled
with a discordant note uttered by beasts of prey,
whose near approach made it sometimes neces-
sary to la}' down the ax for the rifle, and some-
times ponder the guttural accents of the Indian ;
and, years after, he would say :

" Through the woodland, through the meadow,
As in silence oft I walk,
Softly whispering on the breezes,
Seems to come the red man's talk."

Mr. Findley was a Pennsylvanian, and the

site on which he built his cabin home, when sur-
veyed, was found to be on section thirty-two,
town twelve, range thirteen, as now known in
Wayne township. His former occupation was
that of a weaver, and, in after years, he served
his neighbors in that capacity — for they wore
home-made clothing.

In the fall of 1803, when the forests were clad
in their changeful beauty, Abraham Mercer
came, from Virginia, and settled the question as
to where his Paradise should be, by locating on
section six, in the northeast part of the town-
ship, where his descendants reside to this day.
His near neighbor, on the same section, was Ca-
leb Dunn, from Sussex county. New Jersey,
who settled here in 1804. Following him, came
Lewis Karns, settling on land adjoining Dunn
on the west.

In 1805, Nicholas Border, from Virginia, settled
on the south half of section one, town twelve,
range thirteen. He had a large family, and was
quite an acquisition to the new settlement.

About this' time, Lemuel Josephs found his
way into this region, and settled on section ten.
His son, Nathaniel, subsequently, occupied the
old homestead many years.

The western part of this township was settled
bj' Germans, among whom were Bowman,
Glossman, Corbin, Brookover, Pringle, DefFen-
baugh, Swope, Heim, Toll, Christ, Delenbeck,
Hoosan, Hemmer, Huffman, Lehman, Alter,
Amburst, Soller, Albraith, and Haas. The
characteristics of these people are national, and,
as they are not given to historic records, are
content to repeat the lives of their ancestors, in
simplicitv and industry ; and whoever would at-
tempt anything like personal reminiscences con-
cerning them, must needs sojourn among them,
as did Diederick Knickerbocker, of old, amongst
the New Yorkers — and, perhaps, reap a similar
reward in fame and ducats. This we have not
done, but sought the prominent facts in their un-
eventful past, with what tradition has saved from
oblivion.

The next event of public interest occurred
March 6th, 1826, when '.'a petition was pre-
sented, signed by a number of citizens of Zanes-
ville and Salt Creek townships, setting forth that
they labor under many difficulties and disadvan-
tages in consequence of the distance they have
to go to elections, and praying that a township
maj;- be struck off from part of Zanes\ille and
Salt Creek townships ; and the Commissioners,
believing the same necessary for the convenience
of the inhabitants and township officers, do hereby
order a new township, to be struck off, accord-
ing to the following boundaries :

"Beginning at the northeast corner of section
six, township twelve, range thirteen, on what is
known as the "Military or Base line;"' thence
west to a point where said Military line intersects
the corporation of the city of Zanesville ; thence
south to the southwest corner of section seven,
township twelve, range thirteen ; thence west to
the Muskingum river ; thence down said river,
with the meanderings thereof, to the southwest

394

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF' MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

corner of section thirty-two, township twelve,
range thirteen ; thence east to the southeast
corner of said section thirty-two ; thence north to
the northeast corner of section twenty-nine,
township twelve, range thirteen ; thence west to
the northwest corner of said section twenty-nine ;
thence north to the place of beginning," and, ac-
cording to the language used in the Commis-
sionei's' journal, "which shall constitute a new
township, to be called Wayne township."

"Also, ordered that an election be held at the
house of Joseph Dixon, on Mondajr, the third
day of April, 1826, to elect a sufficient number of
officers for said township according to law, of
which three notices were issued, and given to
George W. Gibbons, for publication.

Topographically . — Few townships in this part
of Ohio have a more pleasing variety in appear-
ance, or a more varied and excellent adaptation to
agriculture, horticulture, and vegetable garden-
ing. The surface is undulating, with a clay soil
on the uplands, and the extensive bottom lands
in the vicinity of streams, composed of rich sandy
loam, invite the market gardener to them as a
paradise for producing most appetizing vegeta-
bles, which many have extensively engaged in.

Wheat, corn, oats, rye, buckwheat, clover and
timothy are grown with success in many parts of
the township, and seldom fail for lack of moisture,
as the region is well watered.

The largest stream, traversing" a considerable
part of the township, is Salt Creek, which courses
in a southeasterly direction and empties into the
Muskingum river. This creek has several trib-
utaries that rise in the central portion of the
township, flowing eastwardly into it. "Indian
Run" is the largest and most southerly. There
are numerous smaller streams in the western
part that empty into the Muskingum river.
"Flat Run" rises in the north, courses through
sections three, four and eight, and runs south-
ward, and through section fifteen into the river.

Coal of good bituminous quality, is found in
layers ranging from three to six feet thick, in
several localities. In the northwestern portion
of the township, a variety of coal known in this
region as "White ash," about three feet in the
layer, is found, and is regarded by many as very
superior coal.

Some iron, ore is found also, but no effort to
ascertain its quality or quantity.

The first road surveyed through this township
was from Zanesville to McConnelsville, along
the river, prior to the organization of Wayne
township.

In pursuing the historic narrative, we have
found the chronological order of events to serve
the reader best, and hence, to begin at the begin-
ning, the migration from Marietta to this region
in quest of salt, reveals the singular fact that,
notwithstanding this region was visited by that
party in 1796, the first white man settled in this
township in 1802, probably on account of fear of
the Indians, which was dispelled soon after the
establishment of the Trading Post at Zanes-
ville had been felt as a civilizing power.

SALT WORKS.

The earliest account of salt making is intro-
duced in this wise: The early settlers in the
vicinity of Marietta suffered great inconvenience
from want of salt, and it was not until they were
informed by a man who had been a prisoner
among the Indians in the Muskingum Valley,
being released, came back some time in August,
1795, informed the white people that salt was to
be found in the valley, whereupon a party started
out to explore for the salt water, and after being
absent about a week, returned with about a gallon
of salt, made by themselves, in a camp kettle.
Accordingly, in 1796, a company was formed,
composed of fifty shareholders, who paid one
dollar and fifty cents each, which sum enabled
them to send to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, for
twenty-four kettles for making salt. They were
bi^ought by water to Duncan's Falls, and from
there were conveyed on pack horses seven miles
up Salt Creek to the springs they had found.
They dug a well near the edge of the creek,
down to the rock which formed the bed of the
stream, and having cut a hollow sycamore tree,
placed it in the well and embedded it on the rock
bottom. The salt water soon came in copiously,
when they obtained it by the old method of a
sweep. The kettles . being set up, twelve in a
row, the work of boiling and making salt began.
The kettles were housed b}- building a cabin
over them. The company divided into classes
of five men each, and kept the fires up day and
night. Those who were ndt at the well kettles
were engaged in cutting and hauling wood. Thej'
succeeded in making about one hiindred pounds of
dark colored salt of inferior qualitj-, which, owing
to their need, -was considered very acceptable.
The cost of producing this salt, estimating the
outlay of money and time, was more than antici-
pated, so that after continued experiments during
four years, the salt was found to cost three dol-
lars per bushel, and the company dissolved.

The next effort was made in 1820, by Moses
Ayers, who erected salt works near Duncan's
Falls. He was measureably successful, although,
the works were abandoned atler a few years.

In 1825, Martin Chandler erected salt works
at the mouth of Salt Ci-eek, but of this venture
we have no data.

FAIRVIEW M. E. CHUI4CH.

The first society of this denomination, in this
township, was formed at the house of Lemuel
Joseph, about the year 1807. The members
were Lemuel Joseph, Ceha Joseph, Andrew Mer-
cer, Mary Mercer, Margaret Watts, John Mercer
and Elizabeth Mercer.

The first class leader was Lemuel Joseph.

The first preacher was Rev. James Watts, in
1807.

The society continued to meet at the house of
Lemuel Joseph until about 1822, when a hewed
log house, 36x30, was built ; they worshiped in
this house until 1846, when it burned down ; the
society then built a brick church, 48x38, at a cost

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

395

of about $i,ooo. They continue to occupy that
church, and have now seventy-five members.

There are two classes, led by Christy Joseph
and Jacob Clapper.

The first Sabbath School was organized at the
school house (now known as District No. 2)
about the year 1828, and had fifteen scholars in
regular attendance.

The first Superintendent was Lemuel Joseph.

The present number of scholars is about thiity.

The present Superintendent is C. Brook
over. The school is now conducted in Fair-
view M. E. Church.

The foregoing records point to Lemuel Joseph
as the leader and patron, and it accords with the
wishes of those who hold his memory in grateful
remembrance to state, albeit briefly, the promin-
ent events in his life. He was born in Sussex
county, New Jersey, in 1769, and in the course
of human events yielded to the Goddess of Love,
Miss Celia Smith, whom he married in Monon-
gahela county, Virginia, and moved to this sec-
tion in 1806, settling on a part of Section 10, T.
12, R. 13. He lived a life of industry and
Christian purity as a pioneer in the Church he
espoused, and died June 5th, 1830, aged sixty-
one years. His son, Nathan, who was born here
in 1807, is no doubt the oldest citizen of the
township, and notwithstanding his ease "of cir-
cumstances, manifests the inherited trait of in-
dustry, b}' working on his fai-m, and has, like his
father* attained an enviable influence in the
church and community. He has served the
church as Circuit Steward for twenty years con-
secutively, and as a class leader thirty-five
years, and as Superintendent of Sunday School
a great many years.

There are others, of those days, who shared
the trials of early settlement, we have no doubt,
who might, with propriety, find a place in this
record, but our gleaner, Colonel A. M. Huston,
has not been able to acertain their names, and
the incidents connected with them, to justifiy the
effort at this time.

THE FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE.

The first school house was erected on Brook-
over's farm (section 9). This was not far fi-om
1812; and like most buildings of that epoch,
was built of round logs, with puncheon floor,
clap-board roof, with a large fire-place in one
■end ; the lower part of the chimney, including
the fire place, was built of stone, and the upper
part of logs and sticks laid in clay, and daubed
in the inside with the same material. The boys
of the school cut the wood, and generally man-
aged to cut and haul it on Saturdays, when they
made the occasion one of frolic.

The furniture of school houses in those days
was in keeping with the building, the benches
and writing-desks being small trees split, hewed,
and legs according to the height demanded ; the
desks were generally attached to the wall, holes
being bored in the logs, pegs driven in, and pun-
cheons placed on them, affording a substantial
desk for their purposes. The windows were

made by leaving out, or cutting out, a log, and
pasting greased paper over the space thus left.
The first teacher is supposed to have been
William Harrick ; the next was John Ramey .
About 1820, a school was taught by Thomas.
Thornburgh, in a house similar to that described
above, located on the Scott farm. Since that
date school houses and teachers have multiplied
and kept pace with the advances of the age.
There are three first-class new frame school
houses, one in District number one, one in Dis-
trict number three, and one in District number
eight. The others serve the purpose well, but
are not quite so modern. The township is
divided into eight common school Districts, and
the schools are controlled by a board of mana-
gers, termed a Board of Education, and a Board
of Directors in each District, organized under
the State laws. The schools are kept during
nine months of the year.

CEMETERIES.

The first ground set apart for such use was
given by Lemuel Joseph, and contained about
half an acre, situated on the farm afterwards
owned by Nathan Joseph (section ten) ; it was
a family and neighborhood cemetery. Abraham
Bell was the first person buried there, as appears
from the year date on his tombstone, which is
1812.

A cemetery was located on the farm now
owned by John Miller, in lot ten on the river
tier, for family and neighborhood use. This
place was donated, for the purpose, by Moses
Ayers, about 1820. A burial ground, containing
about two acres, near the village of Duncan's
Falls, was set apart and donated by James Tay-
lor, in 1825, and has recently been used
more than the others.

There is also a burying ground on the farm of
the late William Pringle.

The first Justice of the Peace, in what is now
Wayne township, was Mathias Spangler, who is
known to have served in that capacity in 1812 ;
but we have found no record of his election or
appointment. His son, Mathias Washington
Spangler, was a Justice of the Peace in 1835, and
many years after. The Spanglers settJed on
lands afterwards owned by the Deffinbaughs, in
section eight.

The first Township Clerk, by the same author-
ity (tradition), was G. W. Gibbons.

The first physician at Duncan's Falls was Dr.
Mason, who lives there still.

The first post route was along the river
road, from Zanesville to McConnelsville, started
between 1820 and 1825. The postofliice was lo-
cated at Byers & Wolf's store, near the mouth
of Salt Creek.

The first mail carrier was James Larrison, who
carried the mail through the township before, a
postoffice was established in the township. The
first stage route was over the same route, in
1835, and was owned by a Mr. Hildebrand.

The first postmaster was Mr. Byers, of Byers
& Wolf, at the mouth of Salt Creek.

396

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

MILLS.

The first grist mill was erected on "Flat Run,"
in 1820, by Samuel Frazie.

The first saw mill was erected in 1834, ^^ ^^^
mouth of Salt Creek, by Martin Chandler.

In 1838, Dugan and Bowen built a grist mill
at Duncan's Falls. This mill is four stories
high, and runs eight pair of buhrs. The entire
structure, when finished, cost about seventy-five
thousand dollars. It is now owned b}' John
Miller, and does a good business.

THE FIRST STORE.

Between 1820 and 1825, Messrs. Byers and
Wolf had a store, near the mouth of Salt Creek,
and as usual, in pioneer times, kept a little of
everything.

BRICK KILNS.

I. S. Parkinson began to manufacture brick
about the year 1825. He was folloVved soon
after by Getieral Herrick and Andrew Cams.

THE FARM IMPLEMENTS IN YE OLDEN TIME.

The attempt will not be made to show the
state of mechanics in manufacturing implements
for husbandry then, for the nomadic character of
the pioneer was such, that when he settled for
life, it was altogether likely he would be remote
from the places where best instruments could
be had. It is well, however, to say, that, those
were the daj'^s of wooden mould-boards for plows,
and tree tops for harrows, and foi'ked sticks for
hay forks. These wei-e improvised as occasion
and opportunity enabled them, and according to
the ingenuity and handicraft of the worker.

The " patent plow," with cast iron mould
board, share and coulter, was not introduced to
the farmer, in this region, until about 1825 ; this
was known as the Woods patent, and it was
some years later that harrow teeth and fork
prongs were made of iron. The blacksmith
was counted a skilled workman who could
make these, and they were regarded as a luxury,
many continuing to use the primitive imple-
ments.

DUNCAIV HIS HOME, HABITS, DEATH, CAVE, GUN,

AND Duncan's falls.

The following recital appeared in the
"Times," of Zanesville, over the //cwi, " His-
tory," and being found to accord with the glean-
ings of the writer of these pages, is gi\en with
this reminder : that before the Trading Post was
inaugurated, in 1794, this adventurous spirit had
found his way into the Moose-kingdom, and
arhong the red men, whom he knew only roamed
where animals, valuable for food and furs, espe-
cially the latter, were to be found. His braverjr
was worthy a nobler fate :

"About the year 1790, there came from
Virginia a man by the name of Duncan, whose
occupation was to hunt wild game, either with a
gun or, traps. He was a man who desired to be
secluded and alone, and to be permittted to
carry out this plan he came to the vicinit}'^ of the

falls of the Muskingum river, nine miles below
Zanesville, before that locality was inhabited by
any white people. The Indians had one or two
villages near by, and for a time Duncan carried
on a little trade or barter with them, and was
friendly. This continued for, perhaps, four years,
when he discovered his traps had been meddled
with, and some of his game stolen. This so en-
i"aged him that he resolved to watch and see, if
possible, who the guilty party was, when he dis-
covered an Indian taking game from his traps.
Whereupon he shot the thief. He continued to
watch for same months, and made it a point to
shoot all Indians who meddled with his rights.
He found it necessary to keep himself concealed
from them. They were enraged, and sought an
opportunity to capture him. On some occasions,
when they shot him with their arrows, they did
not seem to injure him. They began to conclude
he was greater than ordinary human beings.

"Duncan's place of abode was unknown to
them, and when, sometimes, they saw him on one
side of the river, and again on the other side,
they watched to see how he crossed, and could
find neithfer skiff or boat. This was a great
mysteiy, and baffled them for a long time.
Finally, thej^ discovered he crossed the river on
the falls with a stout long pole, and his manner
of crossing was to skip from rock to rock with
the aid of the pole, or lay it down from one rock
to another, whei"e the water was deep, and walk
over ; then move the pole, and so get across.
This he did generally in the night season. On
the fatal night, two parties of the bravest Indian
warriors Ijang in ambush watching for him, saw
him, equipped with his gun and pole, leap lightly
from rock to I'ock till he approached the main
channel. Here he placed his pole, one end on
each side of the channel, and had passed half
way over, when a volley from the Indians struck
him, and he fell dead in the middle of the river.
Next day his body was found about one-half
mile below, on a gravelly ripple. This point
was given the name of " Dead Man's Ripple,"
from the fact that the dead body of Duncan was
found on it, and the falls of the river at that
place were called • Duncan's Falls,' because it
was there that Duncan fell.

"After the death of Duncan his habitation was
discovered to be a cave, or dug-out, where he re-
tired for rest and concealment from the Indians.
This was situated about one-half mile below the
falls of the river, on the west side, and is now
on an island between the Falls and the canal.
Some j-ears after the country in that locality was
inhabited by the white people, a gun was found,
plowed up near where Duncan's cave was. This
was afterwards bi'ought to Mr. Brelsford, a gun-
smith now residing in the Ninth Ward of Zanes-
ville, who cut the barrel off to make it shorter,
and took from it a load of powder that had per-
haps been put there by Mr. Duncan. The stoek
of the gun was worthless, but the barrel being
good, Mr. Brelsford cleaned it up and put it on
a new stock. The gun is now owned by Col. Z.
M. Chandler, of the Ninth Ward, who, no doubt,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES "OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

397

prizes it very highly, on account of its having
been the property of Mr. Duncan, as well as for
its antiquity."

Duncan's falls.
This place, for a time, had a legendary and
more than ordinary interest imparted to it by the
-tragic fate of the man whose name its bears —
Duncan, the intrepid hunter. When the twilight
shades gathered o'er the cabin home, the grand-
sire hoary was wont to tell of his mysterious
character and sad end. AH that is probably au-
thentic concerning him, however, has been given
in another place, by a gleaner. That the same
intuitions prompted the hunter to locate here that
actuated the red men of the forest, is doubtless
true. And when the game had disappeared,
the white men who succeeded Duncan found
that natural advantages invited them to enter-
prise. The pioneer of these was James Taylor,
who. opened a store at this point, not far from
1825. He was an energetic man, and rrioved
first in everj^ practical advance.

THE FIRST BLACKSMITHS.

Alanson Holderidge erected his shop and forge
'•at the Falls," in 1828, and was followed soon
after by Justice Depew, who lit the fire on his
forge at the mouth of Salt creek.

This is all we know of these forgers;
Whose only record is they were forgers ;
And to make a record for these forgers,
Might be to slander honest forgers,
Who, though they indeed were forgers,
Would scorn us as base forgers.
And, so we will say they were forgers,
And that they were honest forgers !

The first tavern in the township was probabty
kept by Jacob Hall, in a small cabin near the
present village, in 1830.

James Taylor established a ferr}' at the Falls
in 1830 ; and the year following, the county built
a free bridge. In 1832, or 1833, Mr. Taylor
built a dam at the Falls, for the purpose of en-
ticing millers there. In 1835, the State, real-
izing the importance of a dam at this point,
caused the present superior structure to be built.
And in 1838, Dugan and Bowen built a very fine
four-story flour mill at the Falls, utilizing the
water power made by the dam. The mill was
supplied with eight pairs of buhrs, and when
completed, cost about seventy-five thousand
dollars.

The town of Duncan's Falls was laid out by
James Taylor, in 1841. The population is about
two hundred souls. There are now two general
stores and one drug store in the town.

Dr. Mason is the veteran physician, and was
the first to settle at the Falls.

IMPROVED BREEDS OF STOCK.

Hogs: — The first improved breed of hogs was
the "Berkshire," introduced b}^ James Taylor,

in 1833.

The Chester White was introduced in 1840,
by Mr. J. Gibbons.

Shee-p. — The first fine wooled sheep were in=-
troduced by James Taylor, in 1835.

The Horse. — The first fine blooded horse was
known aS "Surprise," introduced by James Tay-
lor, in 1827. Mr. Taylor was so enthused with
the value of this horse, that he oflFered to buy all
colts got by "Surprise," at the proper age, at
twenty dollars each, or requii'e the owner of the
dam to pay him that sum for the service of the
horse. The horse was very popular with the
farmers. He, however, accumulated about one
hundred "Surprise" colts.

The "Wagoner,'" a breed of dun colored
horses, was introduced by Mr. Stinson.

The "Canadian Lion," a dark chestnut sorrel,
was introduced in 1836, by James McGuire.

The Parkinson school house (now District No.
i), was built b}^ voluntary subscription, in 1834.
At the meeting held for this purpose, John S.
Parkinson, Thomas MorHs, George W. Gibbons,
were elected School Directors, and instructed to
collect and use the money subscribed in building
a school house. John S. Parkinson gave one acre
of land for the use of the school, and they soon
had a neat brick building erected thereon ; this
was the first brick school house in the township.
This was taken down and a larger one built, in
1862, and in 1875 this was found too small, and
a new one was built, a frame, well finished and
furnished, and is probably the best kept school
in the township.

Religious meetings were held in the Parkinson
school house, when the building was finished,
and Gilbert Blue, a local preacher of the M.
E. Church, living in Zanesville, with Samuel
Cox, also a local preacher, held meetings every
two weeks. Mr. Blue being a carpenter, made
a pulpit, and the first Sunda}' after the comple-
tion of the house, preached to a large audience.
Mr. Cox preached in turn, and much interest was
awakened — sometimes pastors of the various
churches, from Zanesville, filled the pulpit.' In
1840, a large congregation, composed of families
of different denominations, was in attendance.
It was practically a union effort, though not so
called. The Parkinsons, Morrises, Corbiris,
Harpers, Gibbons, Deffenbaughs, Downerds,
McMillins, McGinness, and Willeys, were
among the attendants. Rev's. Courtney and
Shepherdson held protracted meetings here in
1840 and 1841, resulting in many converts. Rev.
Lensebaugh (Lutheran), held meetings during
several weeks in i860,' and reported eighty con-
verts. Rev. Hall (of the M. E. Church), held
meetings in 1872, with very good results. After
the Hammond meetings, in Zanesville, in 1877,
meetings were held here, a:ided by the city pas-
tors, with good results.

A Sundaj- school was organized here in 1841,
witli the late William Shultz as superintendent.
This school has been a success from the start.
Of those who helped to form this school, three
remain, who have been with it from the begin-
ning, viz. : Joshua Downerd, Samuel McGin-
ness, and Sophia McGinness.

A temperance wave swept over this section in

398

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

iSySj and a Chi-istian Temperance Union was
formed, in which the late Mrs. M. J. Downerd
was a zealous leader. The society owes much
of its success to her efforts. Meetings are held
every two weeks.

DEBATING SOCIETY.

This organization was effected in 1836 ; Jacob
C. Parkinson was Treasurer, and the following
persons were members: Harvey Atkinson,
John C. Atkinson, Richard Corbin, George Hous-
tbn, George E. Slocum, Alexander C. Lewis,
James M. Lewis, Culbertson M. Hahn, Edward
Parkinson, William Parkinson, John Gates,
Moses Ennis, John Downerd, Samuel McGin-
ness, John H. Gibbons, Joseph G. Gibbons,
Thomas P. Dickerson. The records are in pos-
session of Samuel McGiimess. The society was
kept up quite a number of years,.

THE Duncan's falls baptist church.

The Duncan's Falls Baptist Church was or-
ganized in Taylorsville, Muskingum County,
Ohio, October 17, 1840, by a council of breth-
ren invited from neighboring churches for that
purpose, viz. : From Salt Creek, Parley Brown,
Archibald Galbraith, and Abel Johnson ; from
Zanesville, Thomas Male and Charles Grant;
from Zoar Church, William Hamrick, B. Y.
Seigfried, and Michael White were also present.
The council was organized by appointing Parley
Brown,- Moderator, and Abel Johnson, Clerk.
The following seventeen brethren and sisters
(sixteen of whom had letters of dismission
from Salt Creek Church), presented themselves
before the council, viz. : George Crane, Henry
Sapp, James Crane, Samuel Harper, William
Bolman, George Gander, Susan Comstock,
Marcv Crane-, Matilda Groves, Sarah Cuberly,
Elizabeth Ann Gander, Rebecca Morris, Hannah
Armstrong, Catharine Sapp, Elizabeth Bolman,
Moses Masters, and Elizabeth Masters, giving
their reasons why they believed a Baptist Church
should be organized in the vicinity of Taylors-
ville. These reasons, with their articles of faith,
being entirely satisfactory to the council, they
were in the ordinary manner recognized as a
regular Baptist Church.

At a subsequent meeting, the new church
adopted the name of "Duncan's Falls Baptist
Church."

At this time the church had no meeting house,
but held their meetings a .part of the time in a
cooper shop, and at private houses, or wherever
a convenient place could be found, but God was
with them, and added to their number, from time
to time, many precious souls. In the year 1841,
the church resolved to make an effort to build a
meeting house on the north side of the river, in
the then opening village of Duncan's Falls, on a
lot afterwards donated by Alvah Buckingham
and lady.

The church met in their hew meeting house for
worship the first time, on the 9th day of March,
1844. Abel Johnson was the first pastor ; under
his labors the church was gathered. The follow-
ing ministers served the church at different times :

G. C. Sedwick, Kitchel, Sheppard, Emerson,
Amerman, Hartford, Erwin, James, and Davies.
During the intervals of these pastorates, the
church was frequently supplied with preaching
byujther ministers.

The Duncan's Falls Church has struggled man-
.fully ; many times cast down and discouraged,
but never in despair, they persevered. The
Holy Spirit visited them at different times, with
precious revivals of religion, in which many
were added to their number. Some noble men
have been connected with this church ; men
whose piety, liberality and consecrated lives in
the cause of Christ endeared them to the church,
while living', and now that they are gone to their
reward, their memory is embalmed and cherish-
ed in the hearts of those who survive them.
Among the names of those, were Crane, Gander,
Male, Comstock, and many whose names are
doubtless in the Book of Life, but of whom no
earthly record declares their deeds.

At the church meeting, held April 12th, 1845,
the congregation agreed to organize a Sunday
School. This was the first Sunday School in
Duncan's Falls. The names of the Superintend-
ent, officers, and teachers, do not appear, how-
ever.

Among the last pastors of the church were
Rev. G. Swamhort and Rev. J. Chambers.

The Presbyterian Church was erected in the
town of Duncan's Falls in 1855. The Sundaj-
School attached to this church has an attendance
of thirty-five. Plummer Pierce is the Superin-
tendent.

masonic.

Anchor Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 283, was
constituted April 24th, 1856, at Duncan's Falls,
Ohio. The charter members were James D.
Sturges, J. J. Cassell, Marquis Williamson, R.
I. Peach, Fred. Young, Thomas McLees, Jo-
seph Starrett, and P. Doenik.

The first officers were J. D. Sturges, W. M. ;
J. J. Cassell, S. W. ; Marquis WilHamson, J. W.

The present officers are as follows : J. D. Mei"-
cer, W. M. ; S. M. Rutledge, S. W. ; W. H.
Bailey, J. W.

The present place of meeting is Duncan's
Falls. The Lodge owns the building they occu-
py, and has no debts ; the financial status is good.

Among the zealous members of the Order —
not excelled in any part of the country for their
fidelity to the principles of our beloved Order —
it is proper to mention James D. Sturges, the
first Master, to whose zeal and contributions, of
time and money, the Lodge is indebted, in a
great measure, for its existence. After getting
the Lodge in good working order, Brother
Sturges resigned the place he had filled so ac-
ceptably, and was succeeded bj'^ Brother John
C. Wilhelm. To these two zealous brothers.
Masonry owes much of its strength in this re-
gion. No labor was too arduous or too trivial to
be pei-formed by either of them. [We tender
thanks to J. C. Wilhelm and J. D. Mercer, for
the foregoing data.]

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

399

METHODIST CHURCH.

This church was built at the Falls in the sum-
mer of 1862. The Sabbath School connected
therewith, at this place, numbers thirty-five.
Samuel Rutledge is the present Superintendent.

UNION SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

Some time in 1844, a Union Sabbath School
was organized in the Parkinson school house,
District number one, with about sixty scholars
in average attendance. The present average at-
tendance is about the same, and the Superin-
tendent is James McBride.

September ist, 1878, a Union Sabbath School
was organized in the Story school house. Dis-
trict number three, with sixty-five scholars. I.
T. Vest was the first Superintendent. The av-
erage attendance now is Seventy-five scholars,
and R. H. Galligher is Superintendent.

LITERARY.

A literary society was organized at the Story
school house. District number three, in 1878, at
which time G. W. Lawhead was elected Presi-
dent, J. T. Story was chosen Secretary, and R.
H. Galligher, Treasurer.

The society had a membership of about thirty.
They continue in the cause, and hold meetings
every week. They vary the exercises between
discussions and readings, and the result of their
efforts has been very salutary.

The officers are chosen ever}^ three months.
This course was adopted in order that a practical
knowledge of conducting the meetings in a par-
liamentary manner might be divided among its
members.

The officers at the time these notes were
gleaned were as follows : G. W. Lawhead, Pres-
ident ; John McAtee, Secretar}^

MILITARY.

The military record for Wayne township, so
far as i^elates to the War of 181 2, is somewhat
legendary — the papers not being preserved, and
the memory of those who still tell stories of the
Revolution being somewhat defective.

One Cursen was an officer in the navy ;

Mathias Spangler, Jr., Henry Spangler, Jacob
Downerd, Jacob Spangler, William Lewis, John
Kearns, and George Mercer, were soldiers. Ja-
cob Spangler was a musician, and first a substi-
tute, then a volunteer. J. S. Parkinson was
pressed into the service, with his team, and taken
to Northwestern Ohio, for service in the army
under General Harrison. William Joseph was
drafted, and procured a substitute in the person
of James Williams.

A light infantry company was formed in this
township, in 1840, and R. I. Peach was elected
Captain, and Isaac Little, First Lieutenant.
Their company musters were generally held in
Taylorsville. Then, regimental muster was held
at the place afterwards known as Camp God-
dard, nearZanesville. Colonel Curtis command-
ed the regiment. Dr. J. Watkins, of Fultonham,

was Brigadier General, and C. C. Goddard, of
Zanesville, was Major General.

IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

J. T. Story was the first citizen of this town-
ship to enlist in the War of the Rebellion. This
was immediately after he heard of the firing on
Sumter. . He joined Captain J. C. Hazlett's (Com-
pany H) three months' men, and, in October,

1861, he enlisted in Company F, Seventy-eighth
O. V. I., and was commissioned Second Lieuten-
ant, and, in December, following, was promoted
to the Captaincy.

Joseph Peach was Captain of Company ±\,
One Hundred and Twenty-second O.V. I., and,
October loth, 1862, was promoted to Major.

Charles H. Fox enlisted as a private, in the
Third O. V. I. — three months' service — and was
appointed Orderly Sergeant of the company ;
and was elected Captain of Company E, of the
One Hundred and Fifty-ninth O. V. I., May
gth, 1864 — one hundred days' service. Thomas
Fox enlisted in the First O. V. I., three months'
service; re-enlisted, in Company D, Sevent)^-
eighth O. V. I., in November, 1861, and re-en-
listed as a veteran, in the same i-egiment, in Jan-
uary, 1864.

Thos. C. Ross was a private in the First O.V.
I., three months' service.

Joseph Atchison was a private in Companj' H,
First O. V. I., three months' service. Henry
Smith and W. E. Atwell were in the same com-
pany, at the same time ; David Mercer, also,
was the first volunteer, from this township,
killed. This occurred at the battle of Vienna,
Virginia, June 21, 1861.

M. H. Carter was Second Lieutenant of Com-
pany E, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth O. V. I.,
one hundred days' service.

R. H. Galligher was First Sergeant of Com-
pany E, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth O. V. I.,
one hundred days' service.

F. M. Story, Second Sergeant.

Joshua Downer (a substitute), of Company E,
Seventy-eighth Regiment O, V. I., was elected
First-Lieutenant, and had charge of Company
C, and then as Captain of Fifth Heavy Artillerv
for a year.

C. H. Galligher was in the One Hundred and
Fifty-ninth Regiment O. V. I., one hundi-ed
days' service.

Peter Cashbaugh, and John Durant, were in
the service, but nothing moi^e is known of them.

H. S. Harding, a Lieutenant, promoted to be
Captain of Company C, One Hundred and
Twentv-second Regiment O. V. I., October 10,

1862. "

Joseph E. Jones was in the One Hundred and
Fifty-ninth Regiment O. V. I., one hundred
days' service.

G. W. Lawhead was in the Ninety-fifth Regi-
ment O. V. I., one hundred days' service.

R. G. Story was in the One Hundred and
Fifty-nineth Regiment, O. V. I., one hundred
days' service.

400

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

O. C. Story was in Company F, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Isaac C. Story, in September, 1862, with-
others, went to head John Morgan off from Cin-
cinnati.

D. H. Danhauer, a Sergeant in the One Hun-
dred and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I., was
promoted to Adjutant.

George Roll, Second Corporal, One Hundred
and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I., wound-
ed ; Frank Swope, Sixth Corporal, wounded ;
William Miller, Seventh Corporal, wounded,
and Elisha Peairs, Eighth Corporal, wounded.

Of the members of the One Hundred and
Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I., the pi'ivates
were: John S. Brenholts, Newton Cochrel,
John Donahue (wounded), John Gibbons, Henry
Hartman, Harrison Kent, Richard I. Peach
(wounded), John Smith, Lycurgus Sites, Peter
Trost, Joseph Williamson, Geo. W. Maxler,
Charles F. Willey (wounded).

THE ROLJ. OF HONOR KNOWN TO BELONG TO
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

Jeptha R. Austin, Company E, Second Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Herrick Blue, Gunboat Service.

Frederick Benstedt, One Hundred andTwenty-
second-Regiment O. V. I.

Jacob Litenback, Company A, One Hundred
and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

John Englehart, Company A, Sixteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Thomas Fulkenson, Company A, One Hun-
dred and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

E. M. Harding, One Hundred and Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

George W. Irvine, Company A, Seventy-
eighth Regiment O. V. I.

Absalom Krewson, Company A, One Hun-
dred and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

James Luman, Company A, One Hundred
and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

John F. McMillen, Company A, One Hundred
and Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

Wm. Norris, Seventy-eighth Regiment O.V. 1.

Jeremiah Norris, Seventy-eighth Regiment
O. V. I.

Jacob G. Schneider, Third Regiment O. V. I.

George W. Settle, Company F, Seventy-first
Regiment O. V. I.

Samuel Scott, Company A, Sixteenth Regi-
ment O. V. I.

Francis M. Story, Company F, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Oliver C. Story, Company F, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

Samuel Shuck, Company E, Ninety-seventh
Regiment O. V. I.

Robert Sloan, Company A, One Hundred and
Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

Joseph Trost, One Hundred and Twenty-sec-
ond Regiment O. V. I.

Andrew VoU, Company A, One Hundred and
Twenty-second Regiment O. V. I.

A. W. Williamson, Onp Hundred and Twenty-
second Regiment O. V. I.

Walter J. Wells, One Hundred and Twenty-
second Regiment O. V. I.

David E. Watson, One Hundred and Twenty-
second Regiment O. V. I.

Jacob Withers, Company A, Seventy-eighth
Regiment O. V. I.

GEOLOGICAL.

The following section was taken on the land
of Nathan Joseph, section ten, Wayne township :

Feel. Inches.

1. Shale 3 0

2. Sandy bituminous shale 3 0

3. Coal 4 0

4. Clay 0 2

5. Coal 2 6

6. Clay j 0

7. Limeslone 2 0

The following geological section was seen
on the land of Wm. Dunn, section six, Wayne
township : •

Veet. Inches.

1. Limestone not measured

2. Not exposed 3 0

3. Coal blossom

4. White clay li (I

5. Coarse crumbling sandstone 40 0

6. Coal ; 3 10

7. .Clay 1 3

8. Coal 0 10

3. Clay 5 0

10. Limestone 2 0

11. Clay 3 0

12. Finely laminated sandstone 30 0

13. Shale 12 0

14. Bituminous shale and coal 0 6

16. Sliiilo 0 0-

](■>. Coinpacl sandstone 10 0

In section 9, in this township, the blossom of
the Alexander coal was seen on the road to
Chandlersville. with the usual limestone below
it. This limestone contains a few fossils. No
good openings were found at this point for the
measurement of coal. In section lo, the coal
shows a fine development.

In section 7, in this township, the blossom of
the Alexander coal was also seen, with the lime-
stone below it.

The section taken about a mile and a half
southeast of Zanesville, in what is called Salt
Gum Hollow, is omitted as unimportant. — [Geo-
logical Report, 1873, volume i, pp. 331-2.]

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

401

LICKING TOWNSHIP.

SETTLED BY REMARKABLE MEN PIONEERS

EARLIEST RECORD DIVISION INTO SCHOOL DIS-
TRICTS COLORED PEOPLE BANISHED TOWN-
SHIP ORGANIZED BOUNDARIES TOPOGRAPHY

WATER HIGHWAYS RAILROADS SURVE Y-

ORS ORCHARDS HEWED LOG HOUSE BRICK

HOUSE STONE HOUSE TAVERNS AMUSE-
MENT— MILLS IRVILLE — JARED BliUSH-r-FIRST

REGULAR STORE FIRST POSTMASTER FIRST

PHYSICIAN FIRST TAVERN FIRST SCHOOL

THE BASHFUL VIRGIN IRVILLE M. E. CHURCH

TANNERS BLACKSMITHS IRVILLE PRESBY-
TERIAN CHURCH PHYSICIANS IRVILLE M. E.

SUNDAY SCHOOL— IRVILLE METHODIST PROTEST-
ANT CHURCH POSTOFFICE UNION LODGE, NO.

184, F. AND A. M. SCHOOLS CANAL MACE-
DONIA M. E. CHURCH HIGHLAND M. E. CHURCH

NASHPORT- — SCHOOL HOUSE OF THE PERIOD

■ — NASHPORT M. E. CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL

SONS OF TEMPERANCE DURBAN LODGE NO.

487, I. O. O. F. ■?

This township was settled by some of the most
remarkable men of their times ; men who held
the destiny of all who have come after them in
their grasp. And could, these generations have
foreseen the panorama of industry marked out
by those hardy pioneers, it would doubtless have
almost appalled them, so great were the hard-
ships they overcame.

David Devore, according to some of the oldest
inhabitants, came in 1802, while others think it
was 1804. He was running a mill on Devore's
Run in 1814 ; his house was built of round logs,
just east of the present village of Irville. John
Thrapp came about the same time, and occupied
Devore's cabin with him. Colonel Nathan Flem-
ing came in 1805, and built a cabin on a site now
within the boundai-ies of Irville ; he died in this
township. John R. Ragor came in 1807 : his
first cabin was built on land now owned by
Leonard Stump ; he lived and died on the farm
he first settled. Leonard Stump came about the
same time, and spon after entered one thousand
acres of land in the tract known as the "Virr
ginia Military Land," and soon after built a
cabin, which stood about twenty-five rods east of
Cornelius Sidle's residence (in 1880) ; he built a
saw mill on Stump's Run, now known as Sidle's
Run ; he died here. Solomon Wood came as
early as 1807 : he obtained, through his wife, a
five hundred acre farm, and built a log cabin on
that part that has become the Newark Road,
about two miles west of Nashport ; Mr. Wood
lived" and died on this farm. Jonathan Wood
came prior to 1807, as some think, or not later
than that date, and settled on the site occu-
pied by N. F. Claypool's store (in 1880) ; his
cabin was built of round logs. He was a survey-
or, had a compass and chain, and did some sur-
veying. He died in June, 1824, from a rupture
caused by trying to shoulder a heavy bag of
wheat. James George, a well known citizen,
was with him the night before he died.

Henry Barrackman came as early as 1808.

When Mr. John Van Voorhis came, in 181 2, he
moved Mr. B. into another cabin, that he might
occupy the Barrackman house. Mr. B. died in
the township. David Vandenbark came as early
as 1808, perhaps earlier ; in 1880, he was living on
the farm owned by Mrs. David Vandenbark.
Hon. Daniel Van Voorhis, living in the surburbs
of Nashport, relates that when his father, John
Van Voorhis, came into the township (in 1812),
he obtained of Mr. Vandenbark, who had a fine
young and bearing peach orchard,- a half bushel
of peach stones, and planted them on his own
place.

John Van Voorhis, a native of Washington
county, Pennsylvania, came into this township
in 181 1, and bought a three hundred acre tract of
land from George Jackson ; this tract was owned,
in 1880, by his son, Hon. Daniel Van Voorhis.
In 1812, Mr. Van Voorhis brought his family;
his cabin stood on what is now the bank of the
canal, about twenty-five rods southwest of Nash-
port. The death of this gentleman occured in *

The onl}^ mound in Liqking township was on
this farm, and near the residence of Daniel Van
Voorhis. In 1876, Mr. V. planted an evergreen
centennial tree upon the summit of this mound.
In 181 2, this relic of a vanished race was thickly-
covered with forest trees ; some of twenty-four
inches in diameter. These disappeared as the
years rolled by, and the mound has been dug
away in excavating, by Drs. Wheaton and
McClellan, without making any important dis-
coveries.

The earliest record found is a portion of a
Treasurer's book, dated June 3d, 1813. This
year the total tax levy was forty dollars, and
Joseph Spencer was paid two dollars and forty
cents for collecting this tax, and the Treasurer's
percentage for the care and payment of the same
was one dollar and eighty-six cents. Com-
mencing with March 7th, 1814, a complete rec-
ord is kept by Enoch F. Henry, Township Clerk,
which is highly creditable to him for neatness and
good penmanship. The Township Supervisors,
this year, were Solomon Wood, Nathan Flem-
ing, Samuel Guest, and William Thrapp, who,
with the Township Clerk, received a joint salary
for this year of the munificent sum of fifteen
dollars — three dollars each ! In 1815, the town-
ship officers were as follows :

Overseer of the Poor — Leonard Stump.

Supervisors — Nathan Fleming, Wm. Thrapp,
Samuel Guest, Daniel Lovitt, and Aaron Clay-
pool.

Township Clerk — Samuel McCann.

Collector— William Bell.

Trustees — Wm. Thrapp, Daniel G. Wilkins,
and Asa Snider.

The total tax levied this year ( 1815) was sixty-
five dollars. In 1816, the total tax was fittj^
dollars. In 1817, the total township expenses
amounted to thirty-four dollars ninety-three and
one-half cents. In 1818, the total township ex-
penses amounted to twenty-seven dollars twenty-
two and one-half cents.

402

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

A division of the township into school districts
was made April 7th, 1821, and four were created.

April 1 ,1822, James Walker was elected Justice
of the Peace. One hundred votes were cast.

October 20, 1823, Edward Jones and Dicey,
his wife (colored), were ordered to depart the
township as paupers. They were Maryland
negroes.

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED.

The organization took place pi'ior to 1806. The
boundaries are north by Jackson, south by Hope-
well, and east by Muskingum townships, and on
the west by Licking county. The territory of
which it is composed is known as the ''Virginia
Military Land," and is divided into four sections
of about four thousand acres each, the township
being about five miles square, with an area, ac-
cording to the Assessor's books, of sixteen thou-
sand one hundred and four acres. The assessed
value of the i^eal estate, in 1880, was $491,780,
and of chattel property $318,240.

In 1880, the township contained five school
districts, with a comfortable frame school house
in each ; five churches, two of which were log,
and not used ; one public and two private bury-
ing grounds ; one water power mill, and the vil-
lages of Irville and Nashport.

The surface of the township is generally broken
and hilly. The soil on the hills and uplands is
rich clay and sand ; on the bottoms, especially
along the Licking, a deep sandy loam. The
woodlands are fast becoming bare. What re-
mains of the grand old forests comprises white
oak, black walnut, poplar, and hickoiy.

Coal of good quality, and sufficient in quantity
for domestic purposes, is found in various parts
of the township.

Iron ore abounds, and is extensively mined
and shipped to Zanesville.

The principal stream is the Licking Creek,
which enters the township at the center of its
western boundary and flows in a zigzag course
southeast, and passes the southern boundary
about one mile west of the southeast corner.
The only improved mill site on this stream in
1880 was that of N. F. Claypool. Stump's Run,
a tributary of the Licking, enters the township
about one mile west of its northeast corner and
flows almost due south for about two and a half
miles, then turns west for one mile, passing north
of the village of Irville and forming its northern
boundary, then turning again south for about
one mile, and empties into the Licking on the
land owned, in 1880, by M. C. Sidle. Stump's
Run has some very good mill sites, none of which
at this writing have been improved. The Lick-
ing has several other small and nameless tribu-
taries.

HIGHWAYS.

The first highway was the old stage road
between Zanesville and Columbus. Along this
road dashed, at full speed, Neil, Moore & Co.'s
four-horse coaches for mail and passengers.
Those drivers were all that the word Jehu im-
plies, and yet they were trusted with life and

property, and on occasion would prove very
serviceable in imparting information ; so that, for
the most part, they were looked up to by the
traveling public. Important was their station,
in their own estimation. They were universally
known as "driver," and not ambitious, as 'tis
said Cassar was, they served the people and wei'e
satisfied with their title. But one of these heroes
of the lash has left his name to posterity, and he
would have failed to confer that boon had he not
married Polly Shepherd ; and so we have the
name of "Johnny Wilson."

RAILROADS.

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad passes through
the southwestern part of the township, which it
enters about half a mile south of the center of
its western boundary and then runs in a straight
line a trifle south of east until it touches Licking
Creek at N. F. Claypool's mill, where the only
station in the township (Claypool Station) is lo-
cated. From here the road runs in a south-
easterly course, following Licking Creek, and
passing out of the township a mile and a half
west of its southeast corner.

The P. C. & C. R. R. has half a mile of track
across the extreme northwest corner of Licking
Township.

SURVEYORS.

Jonathan Wood was the first local surveyor in
the township. His arrival here, as stated in an-
other place, dates back to 1808. »

Charles and John Roberts did much of the
early surveying of the township. These gentle-
men were professional surveyors, while Mr.
Wood was what might be called an amateur,
with chain and compass.

ORCHARDS.

Mr. John Fleming had a bearing apple-or-
chard on his farm, about two and a half miles
north of Nashport, between the Ncars 1808 and
1812. This was the first bearing apple-orchard
in the township. In 1880, John Fleming owned
the land upon which grew these early apple-
trees.

David Vandenbark had a fine, bearing peach-
orchard here as earlj' as 181 2. John Van Voor-
his obtained from Mr. Vandenbark, in this year,
one liair bushel of peach stones, which shows
that his young trees were bearing quite abim-
dantly at this date.

HEWED LOG HOUSE.

Jonathan Wood, in about 1812, built a hewed
log addition to his first cabin, in Nashport. All
cabins, previous to this time, had been built of
round logs.

John Van Voorhis built a brick residence on
his farm in 181 7. This was the first brick house-
in Licking township. Mr. Van Voorhis had the
brick made upon his farm.

The first stone house in the township was built
by David Vandenbark, the man who had th^
first bearing peach-orchard in Licking township.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

403

TAVERNS.

. The first house of entertainment, or tavern, as
it was called, was kept by Jonathan Wood, who
built a hewed log addition to his cabin, for this
purpose. This wag the first hewed log house in
the township, and was built in 1812. Mr. Wood
kept tavern here for a number of years, and sold to
John Kerr, who built a frame addition, and sub-
sequently sold it to Captain Thomas Nash, the
man who laid out the town of Nashport. This
tavern was discontinued about 1827.

The Township Records, in book A, mention
"Thompson's tavern, on the State road," as
early as 1815. This record is not familiar, or,
indeed, known at all, to the oldest inhabitant, at
this time.

Richard Ayers, who, with Mr. Irvine, laid out
Irville,'was also a pioneer tavern-keeper. He
was said to have been an extensive patron of his
own bar.

Joseph Roberts and Hugh Allison were also
pioneer tavern-keepers in Irville. There was
nothing remarkable, above the ordinary, in these
men, except their aptness to retail farmers' gos-
sip, and the discussion of the political questions
that agitated the nation ; which latter was ably
done, of course, for these were the solons who
could foretell the events that were likely to bring
happiness or misery to the people, the secret of
which was probably found in the saying :

" ' Tis distance lends enchantment to the view ! "

As they were so far removed from the scenes of
party struggle that only the results came to them ;
and after things have happened 'tis so much
■easier to consider their effects, as every tavern-
keeper knows. When the political agitation was
■over, it was here, in these "social club rooms,"
•called taverns, that amusements were planned —
horse-races, house-raisings, chopping-bees, quilt-
ings, wool-pickings, corn-huskings, and the like.
A rule of the huskings was that when a g'irl
found a red ear of corn, all the boys were enti-
tled to kiss her. It is said that when a man's
•corn was thought to have but few red ears in it,
the girls were known to have one or two with
them, and to produce them, on emergency, rath-
er than go without the pleasure of a kiss. Some
of the old settlers insist on this being true. It
was customary to conclude most of these amuse-
ments with a dance, and dancing was dancing
in those days.

MILLS.

David Devore, probably, built the first mill in
the township ; at least, this appears in book A,
page 5, Township Records. The location w^as
on the site now occupied by Butter's sawmill.
The date of this record is April 20, 1814.

John Sidle had a saw and grist mill in opera-
tion, on Licking creek, in 1815. It stood on
land that, in 1880, was owned by David Sidle,
on the southern boundary of the townghip.- This
mill is spoken of as a "corn-cracker." During
this "corn-cracker" period, mills had but one run
of stone, each, and bolting was done by hand.
Some years later, another run of stone was added

to the old mill, and it became popular with the
farmers in that region.' It was torn down and
moved away in 1840. Mr. Sidle's sons and Ja-
cob Allen were dignified with the title of "miller"
in their day.

In 1815, Nathan Fleming had a sawmill, on
Stump's run, about half a mile northeast of Ir-
ville.

In 1820, Leonard Stump built a sawmill, on
Stump's run, about half a mile west of Irville.

In 1825, Daniel Ward had a sawmill, run by
water power, on the Licking. The site on which
this mill stood was owned, in 1880, by Mr. C.
Sidle. ^

In 1830, Jacob Rhodes built a sawmill and
gristmill, on the Licking, about one mile south-
west of Nashport. This mill, enlarged and im-
proved, was run, in 1880, by N. F. Claypool —
the only mill in Licking township.

IRVILLE.

As long ago as 1812, the Methodist Episcopal
Church made this locality prominent by locating
a church and gathering thither the people, to
consider their wa5^s and become obedient to the
teachings of the Savior. Seeing this, John Ir-
vine and his deaf companion, John Ayers, joined
in in the scheme of laying out a town. "He
was anxious to draw people together, for socia-
bility," for he had had to substitute a wooden
leg for one his mother had given him, and could
not perambulate the countr}^ with the freedom of
his boyhood. So these two worthies laid out the
village of Irville, in 1815.

In the year 1818, Jared Brush brought a small
stock of merchandise into Licking township, and
opened his store in a hewed log house in Irville.
Another accommodation was inaugurated when
Nathan Fleming opened his well stocked store
in the village of Ii-ville, in 1825. This store is
spoken of as "the first regular store" in the town-
ship, although Francis Cassaday had offered
goods for sale at an earlier date. Cassaday's
Ideation is not known now. John Patterson is
also spoken of as a store keeper in Irville, "in
early times."

In 1832, just after the canal was completed,
Daniel Van Voorhis entei-ed the mercantile
arena, and "continued to sell goods until 1843,"
when he retired to his farm. In i860, Mr. Van
Voorhis was elected a member of the State Legis-
lature.

The first Postmaster was Elmus Wheaton.
Here, also, the first tavern in the township was
kept, and the first school taught.

And, notwithstanding the increase of accom-
modations in 1880, enabled the villagers to boast
of one store, one tavern, one blacksmith shop
and two shoe shops. There are memories of

" The bashful virgin's side-long looks of love,
The matron's glance that would those looks reprove;
These were thy charms, sweet village ; sports like these,
With sweet succession, taught e'en toil to please ;
These 'round thy bowers their cheerful influence shed,
These, thy charms, but all these charms are fled!"

404

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

They come like a sweet refrain ever and anon,
as the hum of business lulls.

IRVILLE M. E. CHURCH.

This society was organized about 1812, with
fifteen members, among whom were Jared Brush
and wife, John Bunn and wife, (father and
mother of Mrs. Wm. WoUard, still living in
Irville), Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Wood, Daniel
Brush and wife, Mrs. Brooks, Mrs. Lemerick
and Miss Ann Lowell.

The first church this society erected was a
good, substantial frame, built about 1816, by
John Bunn, one of the first carpenters in the
township. It occupied a part of what was used
in 1880 as a burial ground in Irville. The land
was given to the society by Jonathan Wood, who
also donated much of the timber for its construc-
tion. It continued to be used until the time for
the erection of the present church, about 1847,
when it was removed and used as a cabinet shop,
by John Hazlett, in Irville. Some of the preachers
in this old church were Samuel Hamilton, James
Gilruth, Nathan Raymond, and Rev's. Gilbert,
Wolf and Goshom. These pastors may not be
named in the order they served, but it is certain
they were among the earliest to preach in this
meeting house.

The present church in Irville was built about
1847, and cost from $1,000 to $1,200. The
seating capacity is about two hundred and
twenty-five.

The early pastors in the new church were
James Hooper and Samuel Harvey. David
Lewis and Rev. Myers followed Hooper and
Harvey on the circuit?- When the new church
was completed the society had fifty members.

The first Trustees were John Bunn, John
Montgomery and Wm, Bodle. The Trustees in
1880, were Wm. Wollard, Robei't Dickey, J. B.
Shepperd and Wm. Montgomery.

After the erection of the Methodist Episcopal
Church in Nashport, in 1854, ^^^ ^^o churches
had the same pastors. In 1880, the society had
a membership of forty-five. The preacher's
salary, in i88o, was $500.00. The church be-
longs to the Zanesville District of the Ohio Con-
ference.

TANNERS.

About 1818, Mr. Stephen White was engaged
in the tanning business. Another of the old-
time tanners was Jacob R. Rose. Both of these
men carried on the business in Irville. In 1880,
this industry was not represented in the town-
ship.

BLACKSMITHS.

The first blacksmith to engage in this busi-
ness was Elias Green, who had a shop in Irville
as early as 1818.

E. Birkholder, later in 1818, also built a shop
in Irville. He was a superior workman, being
specially excellent at axe making. Some of the
old Birkholder axes could be found in Licking
township, as late as 1880.

IRVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The society worshiping in this church having
died out many years ago, and the old members
becoming scattered, it has been impossible to
glean only a very imperfect sketch of either the
church or society.

The building was one of the first frame houses
erected in Licking township, and stood within
the village of Irville ; hence, its name. It was
erected about the year 1815, and was 30x40 feet.

One of the earliest pastors here was Rev.
Prescott Smith, who was deeded, by David
Vandenbark, a forty acre tract of land, in con-
sideration of this I'everend gentleman agreeing
to preach to him (Vadenbark) and his family
during their natural lives. The story now is
told in the township that soon after Rev. Smith
had the deed for this property in his pocket, he
received a "call," at a good salary, from another
pait of the country, and soon departed, leaving
Mr. Vandenbark and family to attend to the sal-
vation of their own souls, while they mourned the
loss of one of their choicest forty acre lots.

Another preacher here was a Rev. Mr. Lovitt.
For a number of years after the formation of the
Irville Methodist Protestant society, in 1829-30,
it worshiped in this old frame church. In later
years, it was used as a lodge room by the Sons of
Temperance, until this organization disbanded,
when it was converted into a carpenter shop,
and was consumed by fire in 1862. In 1880,
there was no Presbyterian organization .in Lick-
ing township.

PHYSICIANS.

The first M. D. to locate and practice here, was
Elmas Wheaton, who resided in the village of
Irville, as early as 1818.

Thomas Bealmear, M.D., hung out his shingle
in Irville, about 1830. Another early physician
in the township was a Mr. McClelland.

IRVILLE M. E. SUNDAY SCHOOL.

The first Sunday School established in Irville
was held in the First Methodist Church, and was
organized as a union school, about 1823, and so
conducted for two years, when it became identi-
fied with the body in whose church it met. The
first superintendent was Jphn Lewis. At an
earl)' date Wm. Bodle was also superintendent.
In 1880, the school was attended by about forty
scholars, that were taught by eight teachers.

IRVILLE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

The organization of this branch of the Metho-
dist Church was made in 1829, by the Rev. Wm.
Evans. Some of the first members, as given,
from memory by Mr. Thomas Fletcher, of Ir-
ville, were Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Boylan, Lenox
Shepherd, and wife, Ebenezer Shepherd, and
wife, Alexander Vass, and his wife, Charity, all
of whom, in 1880, were deceased. From an early
period in the church's history, to 1842, the soci-
ety worshiped in the Irville Presbyterian
church, when it erected its own house of wor-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

405

ship, a substantial structure, at a cost of about
$1,500, which house was yet in use in 1880.

The pastors having served here, are as follows,
although they maj^ not be named in the order
they served : William and George Evans, Wm.
Reeves, James Hubbard, Rev. Heath, Joel Dalby,
Rev. Mainard, John M. Darcus, John Wilson,
Wm. Baldwin, Wm. Ross, A. R. Brown, Wm.
Tipton, Thomas Potter, E. S. Hoagland, S.
Gee, O. Warren and Israel Thrapp. All the fore-
going served prior to 1853, and about in the or-
der named.

In the year last named, Joel S. Thrapp
began his ministry and continued two years,
when he was succeeded by E. S. Hoagland, who
remained until 1857, during which time he was
assisted by Lysander May, and J. Bidison. Af-
ter the departure of Rev"! Hoagland, J. Bidiso'n
officiated for another year, having for his assist-
ant Israel Thrapp. During 1859, Rev. Thrapp
continued his ministry, being assisted by A. S.
Bidison, who remained until i860, being assisted
in the last year of his ministry by E. S. Hoag-
land, the gentlemen who succeeded Joel S.
Thrapp, in 1855. From 1861, to, and including
1863, Wm. J. Holland preached, he being aided
by J. Hastings dui-ing 1861. Dviring 1864-65,
Jeremiah Bidison was pastor, he being followed
in 1866, by John McFarland, in 1867, by Wm.
Marshall. From this time to 1880, the pastors
have been N. T. Brown, 1868 ; Samuel Lancas-
ter, 1869-70 ; J. P. King, and S. S. Fleming,
1871-72: T. H. Scott, and E. S. Dollison, 1873 ;
E. S. Scott, 1874 ; J- B. McCormick 1875 ; J. H.
Meek, 1876-77 ; W. A. Sampson, 1878-80.

The church officers in 1880, were : Thomas
Fletcher, Class-leader; John Moore, Assistant
Class-leader ; C. Sidle, Steward ; D. Sidle, R.
Hoopman, C. Sidle, Thomas Fletcher, A. R.
Boylan, Trustees. Church membership in 1880,
seventy-five.

The Irville Methodist Protestant Church is
connected with the Hanover circuit.

The Sunday School connected with this church
was organized in 1843. In 1880, there were con-
nected with the school about fifty scholars. In
the same year it had a library of two hundred
volumes. Officers, 1880 : Superirrtendent, Thomas
Fletcher ; Assistant, A. Boylan ; Secretary,
Frank Woodward ; Librarian, Joseph Fleming.
Five teachers.

The cost of the church was about $1,500.

POSTOFFICES.

The first postoffice established in Licking
township was called Irville, in which village
it was located ; and Jared Brush was the first
■postmaster. The office was commissioned in
1818. Jacob T. Fouch was another of the old
postmasters.

About 1833, the office was removed to Nash-
port, where William Ellis acted as postmaster
until some time in 1834. The other postmasters
at Nashport have been Jesse Keene, James
Moore, and N. F. Claypool. who was the in-
cumbent in 1880. At an early day, a weekly

mail was received ; but at a later period it was
received daily by Neil, Moore & Cornpany's
four-house coaches, which continued until the
opening of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
through the township.

MASONIC.

The chartei- of Union Lodge, No. 184, is dated
October i8th, 1850. The Charter members
were : Thomas Edwards, Abner Wood, William
Munhall, A. T. Claypool, Alph. Ball, R. A.
Waters, David Sherrard, William Barrick, J.
W. Hollister, J. K. Palmer, Jacob Molter and
James Moore.

The first officers were : Thomas Edwards,
Worthy Master ; Abner Wood, Senior Warden ;
W. Munhall, Junior Warden.

In December, 1853, the name of the Lodge
was changed to Irville Lodge, No. 184.

The officers for 1880, were : Jonas Stump,
Worthy Master ; Isaac Garrett, Senior Warden ;
T. Fletcher, Junior Warden ; D. Crawmer,
Treasurer ; T. Varner, Secretary ; H. C. Simp-
son, Senior Deacon ; W. Jenkins, Junior W. ;
E. Curtis, Secretary and Tiler.

The night of meeting, Saturday before full
moon, in each month. The annual election, at
the regular meeting, in November. Place of
meeting, Irville.

SCHOOLS.

The earliest school house in the township was
built between 1814 and 1816, and was known as
a neighborhood school ; that is, it was built by
the joint work of the various settlers, for their mu-
tual accommodation. This house was about
twenty rods north of Nashport, and on land now
owned by Thomas Devine. It was constructed
of round logs, had a "puncheon floor," windows
made from greased paper, and an immense open
fire-place, the chimney to which was not alto-
gether unlike the gaping crater of a'dried-up
volcano. These were the days when the chil-
dren studied the dog-eared Webster spelling
books, and knew well the master's hickory rod,
however little they knew their lessons. These,
too, were the days when the pedagogue received
a certain sum per head from each urchin attend-
ing, and "boarded round." This school house
stood as late as 1828, but in the meantime had
been improved ; that is, glass had supplanted the
greased paper, and slab seats trom the nearest
saw mill had taken the place of the flattened logs.
Here the firist township elections were probably
held, and here the good Methodist preacher,
"riding the circuit," expounded God's word with
much fervor.

One of the earliest teachers in this school
house was a Mr. Dougherty. Some of the
scholars attending Mr. Dougherty's school were
Absolom Wood, Belinda Wood, and John and
James Stump, Margaret Stump, and others.
These are now nearly all deceased. The living
scholars in 1880, were Hon. Daniel Van Voor-
his, WilUam and James Stump, and John Wood.

Other early teachers here were Edward Reg-

4o6

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ers, who followed Mr. Dougherty, Amos Bon-
ham, atid Nathan Baker.

Under the then new school law, the township
was, on April 26, 1826, divided into four school
districts.

District No. i, then included twenty-eight
families, as follows : C. Baxter, Daniel Farns-
worth, William McDonald, H. Allison, P. Clay-
pool, Peter Pake, Geo. Pake, John Pake, Wm.
Boilan, Asa Langstaff, J. Terrel, S. Coleman, W.
Beard, A. Malonev, J. Rhodes, Sr., J. Rhodes,
Jr., William Arter^ Sr.. W. Arter, Bealy Red-
mon, Thomas Matlocks, Adam Piper, William
Hall, I. Francis, James McDaniel, James Farnes-
worth, John Rhodes, William Nichols, Robert
Bonham.

District No. 2 — ^J. Sidle, D. Vandenbark, Sr.,
G. Vandenbark, E. Hunt, Simon Sterlin, C
Ditter, M. Sherrard, George Ttebo, James Ward,
Daniel Ward, Mary Irvine, B. Walker, Sr., I.

D. Stewart, Jesse Keen, H. E. Burkholder, Le-
man Mead, William Edwards, James Walker, P.
Howard, John Perr}-, N. Fleming, Ehzabeth
Wood, Thomas Liggett, James Dicky, James
Coe, Peggy Hughes, M. Taylor, I. Lewis, Jared
Brush, H. I. Cox,Josiah Walker, A. McClellan,

E. Fern, Samuel Scott, Charles Hunt, D. E.
Wharton, Lennox Shepherd, D. N. Murch, W.
Munson, Jacob Lefler.

District No. 3 — rLeonard Stump, John Regar,
H. Tipton, Thomas Nash, Jacob Victor, David
Victor Sr., David Victor, Jr., L. Coverdill, John
Fleming, Wilham F. Starkey, John Van Voor-
his, Joshua Evans, Solomon Wood, James D.
Stump, Samuel Janes, George Hite, JohnYoak-
ham, Abel and Albert Randall.

District No. 4 — W. McClure, Geoi-ge Osier,
Thomas Brook, Robert Hagerty, William
George, S. Prior, E. Shepherd, Edward Spen-
cer, Abijah Haman, Matthew Fleming, O.
Hillery, David Jones, Daniel G. Wilkins, Chas.
King, Sr., Samuel Gist, William Riggs, James
Penticost, Michael Dunn, John Myers, John
Wells, James Tunis, Alexander Vass, Charles
Dougherty, Joseph Fell, Thomas Wickham, Jr.,
Hull Wickham, Moses Snider.

On December 15, 1827, the township was re-
divided, and made into five school districts, and
so remained up to 1880.

In 1835-36, a hewed log school house was
built in Nashport. Daniel Van Voorhis gave the
timber for the body of the house, Elias Ellis do-
nated the tree from which the shingles for the roof
was made, and John R. Stump made a free con-
tribution of the stone. In addition to these con-
tributions, Leven Coverdale, the contractor, re-
ceived about ninety dollars cash for erecting the
building.

In 1880, the school houses in the various dis-
tricts were located as follows :

District No. i, about two and one-half miles
southwest of Nashport ; District No. 2, in the vil-
lage of Irville ; District 3, in Nashport; District
No. 4, about two and one-half miles due north
of Irville ; District No. 5, two and one-fourth
miles a little northwest of Nashport.

For the year ending with August 31, 1880, the
average daily attendance at the various schools
was one hundred and thirty-nine. For the same
year, the teachers' salar}' was $1,146 ; inciden-
tal expenses, $75.50; total school expenses for
the year, $1,221.50.

CANAL.

The Ohio Canal was completed through Lick-
ing township in 1830. It enters at the center of
the western boundarj', runs in a general easter-
ly course, until it touches Nashport, where it
makes a sharp elbow bend to the north, passing
the township's northern limit about three-fourths
of a mile west of its center. There is no im-
proved water power upon the canal in the town-
ship. The first boat to pass Nashport was the '
"Reindeer," (a pleasure boat built at Newark),
on Jul}^ 4, 1830. The "Reindeer" run to Co-
shocton on this trip, and was there sold. It
never returned to Newark. The fii'st regular
canal boat to pass through the township was the
"Union," of Dover.

MACEDONIA M. E. CHURCH.

This small log meetinghouse was built by the
Methodists, about 1835, three miles due south of
the village of Irville. The society which has
been worshiping here since the erection of the
house, was, in December, 1880, engaged in
erecting a church edifice in an adjoining town-
ship, upon the completion of which, the old
church will be demolished. The preachers sup-
plying the Irville and Nashport pulpits, serve this
society.

HIGHLAND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This is a small hewed log meeting house,
built about 1840, some two and one-half miles
due north of Irville. Being in the same circuit
with Nashport and Irville, it had the same
preachers the church there had. It has not been
regularly used as a place of worship since 1876,
and probably never will be again so used. The
building, in 1880, was in a bad state of re-
pair.

The cemetery at Irville contains about one
acre, and was donated by Daniel Fleming.

. NASHPORT.

Nashport was named in honor of Captain
Thomas Nash. Was laid out in 1827. The
town site embraces forty acres, and was sur-
veyed into streets and lots by the Roberts
Brothers. This was the second town platted in
this township, and yet we find that in 1880, it
contained two stores, two blacksmith shops,
one wagon shop, one church (Methodist Episco-
pal), a good public school building, and a popu-
lation of about three hundred.

" Fair scenes for childhood's opening bloom,

For sportive youth to stray in ;
For manhood to enjoy his strength,

And age to wear away in 1
Yon cottage seems a bower of bliss,

A covert for protection
Of tender thoughts, that nestle there, —

The brood of chaste affection." ;

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

■407

The school house of the period of 181 5, was
near the present limits of Nashport.

" There, in his noisy mansion, skilled to rule,
The village master taught his little school ;
A man severe he was, and stern to view,
I knew him well, and every truant knew;" —

And in that unpretending building, the boys
and girls of 1815 cultivated the mind almost as
much as the heart, and laid the foundation for
future usefulness. One, Dougherty, was the
first teacher, and he was succeeded by Edward
Rogers.

NASHPORT M. E. CHURCH.

The formation of this Christian body, took
place between the years 1844 and 1847. The ex-
act date cannot be ascertained, for the reason that
the early church records have been destroyed.
The first services were held in a log school house,
then on the lot adjoining the present church.
Some of the earliest preachers were David Sher-
rard, father of U. W. Sherrard, Esq., Charles
W. Ruchers, T. R. Ruckle and Jacob Bonham.

Early in 1854, the society resolved to build for
itself, a suitable church edifice. With this ob-
ject in view, a subscription paper was circulated
among the townspeople for funds. This paper,
being a peculiarlj' worded document, is here
reproduced :

SUBSCRIPTION.

"For the purpose of erecting a house of public
worship in the town of Nashport, Ohio, the un-
dersigned subscribers, agree and promise to pay
the sums annexed to their respective names, one-
half by the first of May next, and the remain-
ing half, by the first day of November follow-
ing. This subscription, is made upon the follow-
ing conditions : ist. That said house and lot, up-
on which it is to be erected, be deeded to the
Methodist Episcopal Church, according to the
usages and discipline, of said church.

"2d. That said house be committed to the care
and control of a Board of Trustees, members of
and appointed by the proper authority of said
M. E. Church, under the following restrictions :

"ist. That said Board of Trustees allow the said
M. E. Church to occupy the said house one-half
the time for circuit preaching, suiting the arrange-
ment of the circuit of said church.

"2d. Said Board shall also allow the aforesaid,
or any other church, to hold prayer or class
meetings on any, or every Sabbath, but only
upon such hours, as shall not conflict with
arrangements hereafter provided for.

"3d. That said board shall allow the full use of
said house, one-half the time, to the use of min-
isters of all other orthodox or evangelical denom-
inations of Christians ; and when not used by
other denominations, to allow its use by the de-
nomination to which it is deeded.

"4th. Said Board shall not suffer any denomin-
ation holding a protracted or series of meetings,
to be interrupted by other denominations, though
said denomination should protract said protracted

series of meetings, beyond their proportionate
time.

"5th. That said house be built upon such a site,
or lot, as a committee appointed for that purpose
may select, said committee to be appointed by
the subscribers.

"6th and last. That said contemplated house be
not inferior in size or finish to the house of the
M. E. Church of Irville."

March ist, 1854 — ^"We,the Masonic fraternity,
agree to pay the amount annexed below, if said
church is put under contract between this and
the first day of November, 1854. Irville Lodge,
No. 184, F. andA. M., B. N. Claypool, Secre-
tary, $275."

The above document received the names ot
seventy-two persons, whose joint subscriptions,
including the $275. 00 from the Masons, amounted
to $946.50.

The committee appointed to select a site for the
church consisted of John Montgomery, William
Lynn, and A. Buckingham. The ground chosen
was a lot donated for that purpose, by Captain
Thomas Nash, the gentleman who laid out Nash-
port.

The Building Committee comprised James
Moore, N. F. Clayoool andA. W. Shipley.

The church was built by David Johnson, and
is a substantial frame structure, 45x36 feet ; it
seats about two hundred, and cost $1,000. 00, and
is entirely free from debt. The dedicatory ser-
mon, was preached by the presiding elder, Rev.
Joseph M. Tremble. Some of the early mem-
bers were Alexander Buckingham and wife,
Mrs. Jane Van Voorhis, Jesse O. Swisher, Cas-
sie Drone, Mrs. William Lynn, Daniel Lynn.
Raymond Bunn and wife, Mrs. Susan Moore
and Peter Wier and wife.

The following are the names of the . regular,
pastors, since the church was built, except those
officiating in 1860,1865,1868 and 1869 : Levi Cun-
ningham, A. Wilson and F. Harper, in ^854;
Rev. Mr. Fink and Thomas Ross, 1855-56 ; A.
M. Alexander, Jonathan Stump, John Kemper,
David Sherrard, 1857 ; J. C. Gregg, ]^. Gort-
ner, 1858-59; R. D. Anderson, John E. Sowers,
1861 ; B. F. McElfresh. David Mann, 1862 ;
Rev. Gardner and B. F. McElfresh, 1863 ; Bar-
ton Lowe, 1864; W. C. Halliday, G. E. Trow-
bridge, 1866; H. Gortner, 1867-68; John W.
Baker, 1870; Nathaniel Westerman, 1871-72;
E. B. Finney, 1873-74-75 ; J. Q. Larkin, 1876-
77-78; U. Holcomb, 1879 ^° October, 1880,
when the present incumbent, R. A. Lem aster,
began his pastorate. The church belongs to the
Zanesville District of the Ohio Confei'ence.

^ NASHPORT M. E. SUNDAY SCHOOL.

This Sunday School is under the control of
and auxiliary to the church. Its formation took
place about 1855, when Mr. R. C. Dean was Su-
perintendent. In 1880. the average attendance
was thirty, with U. W. Sherrard Superintend'ent,
assisted by six teachers and officers.

TEMPERANCE.

Nashport Division of Sons of Temperance,

4p8

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

No. 24, was instituted November 24th, 1870,
with thirty-four charter members, and continued
to work until 1878, when it was deemed expedi-
ent to disband. In former times, a similar or-
ganization, and one of Good Templars, existed
in Irville, but no chronicler has noted the work-
ers, and their labors ceased for want of interest
in the cause.

ODD FELLOWSHIl^.

Durban Lodge, No. 487, I. O. O. F., the only
Lodge of Odd Fellows in Licking township, was
instituted July 24th, 1871, with the following
named charter members : D. M. Thompson, S.
J. Perry, M. H. Bennett, H. Cooper, G. W.
Perry, George Varner, D. Eicher.

The first oflScers were, N. G., D. M. Thomp-
son ; V. G., S. J. Perry ; Secretary, M. H. Ben-
nett; Treasurer, H. Cooper.

A public installation of ofRoers, January ist,
1873, was an occasion of unusual interest. The
members, in full regalia, marched through the
streets of Nashport, headed by the Frazeysbui'g
brass band, to the Methodist Episcopal Church,
where the installation ceremonies were performed
in the presence of a large concourse of people.
January 12th, 1876, a public installation was had
in the Lodge room.

The officers at the last election in 1880 were
as follows: N. G., N. Yocum ; V. G., W. T.
Weakly ; Sec-retary, George B. Baker ; Treas-
urer, S. George. The meetings are held everj'
Saturday evening. The membership in 1880
was thirty-four.

There is a Catholic cemetery on the Victor
farm, north of Nashport.

HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP

THE SETTLEMENT SOME MAKE THEIR MARK

WHEN THE PALEFACES BEGAN TO APPEAR AT
HOME- — THE "MISSING LINK" IN THE CHAIN OF
HISTORY PIONEERS— POVERTY RUN ORGANI-
ZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP ELECTION A PART

OF FALLS TOWNSHIP ADDED TO HOPEWELL — A
PART OF HOPEWELL ADDED TO LICKING TOWN-
SHIP BOUNDARIES OF HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP

SAWMILL IN GRATIOT RICHEY AND HOOD BUILD

HOUSES IN MT. STERLING PIONEER MECHANICS

FIRST STORE DISTILLERY THE WORDS OF

THE POET DR. DUZENBERRY AS A SCHOOL

TEACHER THE FIRST RESIDENT I'lIVSICIAN

SCHOOLS SCHOOL DISTRICTS MILLS FIRS'J'

SAWMILL ORCHARDS — POTTERII':S — KAKTHEN-

WARE COFFINS MILLSTONES TANNERIES

TAVERNS POSTOFFICE ; TH^ OFFICE ALTER-
NATELY IN MUSKINGUM AND LICKING COUNTIES
— ROADS ; OLD STATE : MAYSVILLE PIKE ; COOP-
ER MILL ROAD ; NATIONAL ROAD "THE POLICY

OF THE NATION ; RECIPROCITY AT HOME AND
ABROAD" TIMBER RUN BAPTIST CHURCH AG-
RICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS — IMPROVED STOCK

HORICON LODGE, NO. I92, I. O. O. F. MT.

STERLING BAND GRAVEYARDS TOWNSHIP OF-
FICERS.

The settlement of this township is a fair illus-
tration of the settlement of new territory genei"-

ally. Men venture into unknown regions, simply
hoping to find an Eldorado. Sometimes the
winds of fate that take them thither carry good
material for peopling a new world, and they
make their mark as pioneers ; and, sometimes,
other material, such as only make their mark
when their name is required to ■ confirm an act
expressed in an instrument of writing. In this
case, those of the first class have been content to
be what their surroundings demanded, and ab-
sorbed the second class by virtue of their power
to lead ; and confined their records to the abso-
lute requirements, ignoring illustrative details.
So that, for anything more, we are forced to be
content with tradition, which teaches us that
"the red men of the forest" roamed over this
counti-y, and had a camp a short distance up
what we call Kent's Run. They wei'e a small
band — a dozen families or so. — and left for the
Great West when the palefaces began to appear
at home among them, which was in 1803 or '4,
although some lingered, as if l6th to quit their
favorite hunting grounds, as late as 1808 or '9.
The white men who first made their acquaintance
were also given to the chase, and doubtless fol-
lowed in the path of the Indian, whose instinct
led him into other and better hunting grounds ;
and thus these pale-faced hunters became the
avant couriers of the civilization that followed.
This is "the missing link," in the chain of our
history, that connects the aboriginal inhabitant
with those we call first settlers.

Samuel Bonnifield relates that he came to
Zanesville in 1805, and settled on "Poverty ran,"
Januarv ist, 1806, and that, at that time, a man
named Hinton lived on that place ; John Carr and
Joseph Jennings lived near : his uncle, James Wil-
son, came soon after; and that his father died
about two years later. That, "on our waj' here,
we stopped but a day or two in Zanesville, and
also a couple of days at William's place, which
is more on the National road. Four members of
a family named Faid, living up the run, died in
1806. My brother Arnold was born here, in
1806. We came here in a four-horse wagon,
and the trip occupied weeks, all of which time,
with the exception of two nights, we camped
out. A man named Hensle, and his family, were
ii> our party, as was also William Wilson, an
uncle, and a captain in the War of '12, who
went up to Mackinaw. Hensle settled on the
Flint Ridge road." In 1806, William Hamilton
and his son-in-law. Rev. Robert Manley, with
their families, removed to Hopewell township,
from Maryland. They made a settlement in the
township, taking a farm about a half mile east
of where Asbury Chapel now stands. There
had been squatters here before, but no regular
settlement. Manley improved the farm on which
Asbury Chapel now stands ; his was the first im-
provement in the township. He lived on this
farm until his death, which occurred December
2ist, 1810.

The Rev. C. Springer, speaking of Hamilton
and Manley, said : •

"They were the two first families that- settled

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

409

here. They were both men of dignified and im-
pressive characters, yet mild and conciHating.
They were surrounded with such a religious at-
mosphere that you could not come in contact
with it without feeling a desire to be better. The
first thing these eminent men did in their new
location, was to erect the altars of religion, and
to offer unto God, in their cabins, their daily
and weekly sacrifices. The influence of their
example was such that the early settlers around
them, as soon as they erected their cabins, with
scarcely an exception, embraced religion and
formed the church. I think it doubtful if ever
two men settled in the west, have sent down
upon posterity such an influence for good."

Major William Bonnifield left Shenandoah
County, Virginia, in 1806, accompanied by his
wife and five children ; located in Falls town-
ship— but on New Year's day, 1807, they set-
tled on Poverty Run, on the farm now occupied
by Samuel Bonnifield. Several other families set-
tled in the neighborhood, among them, William
Coffman, at whose camp was born the first white
child in the township, William CoflTman, Jr.,
born in June, 1807. These were followed by
Charles Franklin, John Colvin, E. B. Morgan,
Curtis Willey, Sr., and John Clabagh. Curtis
Willey, Jr., thinks hisTather came to Hopewell
township, in 1808, from Green County, Pennsyl-
vania ; he was a farmer, and lived on John Col-
vin's place for four years. He then moved to the
place now owned by him, and built a log cabin,
which is still standing. When he moved here,
there had not been a tree cut. Soon after build-
ing his cabin, and clearing a field, he planted an
orchard ; having purchased the trees from John
Colvin. They are all gone now.

John Colvin immigrated from Green County,
Pennsylvania, in 1806, and settled on the place
now owned by his son James. He lived here a
few years, sold out, and returned to Pennsyl-
vania, but came back and re-purchased the place.

James Burley moved from Green County,
Pennsylvania, to Zanesville, in 1806, and kept
tavern in West Zanesville.

James Boyle was one of the early settlers. He
was born in this county in 1805, or 1806. He
was a surveyor many years, and left here for
Cincinnati. When last heard from he was sur-
veying in Texas.

In 1810, three brothers named Richey, came
here. They kept batchelor's hall, and were call-
ed "Babes in the Wood." They lived on Por-
ter's land.

ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP.

February 3, 181 2, a petition was presented to
the County Commissioners, from a number of the
inhabitants of Madison and Falls townships,
praying to have a new township (by the name of
Hopewell) struck off" the townships aforesaid.
And to this petition a remonstrance was present-
ed. The Commissioners, however, decided to
grant the petition, and ordered an election for
the officers of the new township, to he held at the
house of John Colvin. The first election was

held the following year, at the house of James
Rollins, nearwhere Colvin now lives. No print-
ed tickets were used, for none were to be had ;
and at that election Thomas Higginbotham and
Simon Simons were elected Justices of the Peace ;
and, notwithstanding the election was not held
at the place appointed, the officers chosen were
permitted to serve in their several capacities.

September i, 1817, all that part of Falls town-
ship which was in the first township of the ninth
range of military lands, was annexed to Hope-
well township ; and, on the 22d of February,
1819, so much of Hopewell as lies east of Lick-
ing Creek, was taken from that township, and
annexed to Licking township, so that the bounda-
ries of Hopewell township were not completed
until this time.

Henry Winegardner and wife, came from Lou-
don County, Virginia, in 1814 ; his cabin was
small— built of seventeen trees. They removed
to Mt. Sterling, in 1830, and kept tavern there
several years. Conrad Emeny, and James Smith,
settled here about the same time. Adam Smith
had a saw mill, in Gratiot, about that time.
George Dent came to Muskingum County with
his father and mother, in 1808. His mother was
Rebecca Hamilton. They came from Monon-
gahela County, Pennsylvania. Dent emigrated to
Putnam County, Illinois, and was a volunteer in
the "Black Hawk War," in 1832, and was after-
wards County Assessor, of Putnam County, one
year. In 1847, he was Clerk of the Circuit
Court, Judge one term, and a member of the
House of Representatives, one term. He after-
wards moved to Minonk, Illinois, and at the time
of his death, 1879, he was Police Magistrate of
that citjr.

John H. Dillon entered a large part of the land
around here, and had large quantities of wood
cut for the furnace, at Dillon's Falls ; and a great
deal of wood was suffered to rot.

Fred Beams owned a large tract of land, right
around Mt. Sterling. He came here in 1813,, ac-
cording to John Burley.

The Richey, and Hood houses, in Mt. Sterl-
ing, were built in 1830.

The "American House," in Mt. Sterling, a
brick structure, was built in 1841.

Joseph Richey was once Sheriff of Muskin-
gum County — a public functionary most of his
life — Postmaster at different times, Township
Treasurer, and Justice of the Peace, and in "ye
olden time, a Colonel of militia : he came here in
1836.

PIONEER MECHANICS, STORES, ETC.

As long ago as 1812, the shop of Peter Crum-
rine, the blacksmith, was a familiar place to
every one in the township, who needed smithing
done, and this son of Vulcan, according to tra-
dition, was a well muscled representative of his
class. He worked at his forge late and early,
and the ring of his anvil was music that always
betokened prosperity and good cheer, for when
his bellows roared, we always knew that some^
body had an iron in the fire ; that their work

4IO

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

gave him work, and broug-ht each a reward that
cheered them. His shop was located near where
Peter Starkey now lives.

Thomas Dean, a fellow craftsman had a shop
in "Normantown," in 1828.

The first carpenter was probably William
Heath. He was a son-in-law of William Hamil-
ton, and came here in 1814.

The first store was that started by Francis
Tresize. He had a small stock of goods just
east of the bridge over Kent's Run, on the
Thornsville road, about 1827. A year or so
later, he opened up near Asbvuy Chapel, and
when the National Road was built he removed to
where Hopewell now is; and kept a store there
several years. The next store was kept by
Samuel Dolman, at Mt. Sterling, in 1833.

Shinn's Distillery . — A man named Shinn had
a distillery about half a mile' from Colvin's, on
Kent's Run, in 181 2. Nathaniel Richley had a
distillery on the Burley place, in 181 5, and con-
ducted that business about three years ; and
Samuel Richley was engaged in the business on
the Porter place about the same time.

It may be a question with the reader, as it has
often been with the. historian, what benefit is
derived from the mention of first things. In re-
ply we have said very little, so far as the present
influence goes, unless we heed the words of the
poet:

"Trust no future, howe'er pleasant!
Let the dead past bury its dead !
Act, act in the living present !

Heart within, and God o'er-head !

And see to it that we have a business worthy
of our best endeavor, and then, making the most
of it,, we will be able to avoid being classed with
those whose record may too often be comprised in
the brief sentence, he lived at such a time, and
died at such a time !

Dr. Duzenberry came here about 181 2, and
taught school, and did some practice in his pro-
fession.

Dr. E. B. Bain was the first resident physician.
He located a little north of Hopewell, in 1828.
He subsequently moved to Gratiot, and then to
Mt. Sterling.

Dr. Knight came about 1839 or 1840, and re-
mained until 1856, when he started for some
Eldorado out west.

SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL INTEKICS'I'S.

Perhaps no township in the county had a
nobler colony to settle within its borders that is
the first pride of Hopewell. The earlier pioneers
are described as men of education, and soon after
establishing their homes, gave attention to
schools. The school house in the beginning,
however, was, as everything else, utilized where
and when most needed, and until 1812 there
were none regularly attended, as the opening of
farm homes — when there were children in the
family — made it necessary that even little hands
should take a part.

The township was divided into school districts
as early as 1835, ^'^•^ ^ common interest in edu-
cation was manifested, and good and convenient
school houses were built; and in 1840, the town-
ship contained eleven districts, with a comforta-
ble house in nearly every one. The township
was again divided in 1848, and the number re-
duced to nine ; and again divided in 1852, under
the new school law, and the number of school
districts reduced to eight. District No. Six
having a stone school house, was denied a new
building. In 1873, the ninth district was taken
off" No. One, and a new district and school
house built. Henry Dick, Esq., has kindly
furnished the following information :

A school in District No. i was taught in an
old house, near the present house, in 1814. The
hewed log house was built in 1815. The first
teacher was Abraham Frey, who taught one
year.

The new school house was built in 1854.

The school in District No. 2 was in an old
house until about 1843, when a new one was
built.

The school in No. 3 was in an old house until
1853, when a new house was erected.

In No. 4 the old Baptist Church was used until
1852, when a new house was built.

In No. 5 there was an old house, but a new
one was built in 1853.

No. 6 (the Asbury District), had, first, a log-
school house a little north of Asbury Chapel,
built in 1824-5. This gave way to a stone house
in 1844, and that was torn down and a frame
building erected in 1872. The teachers, "in an
early da}^" were generally mindful ol the
proverb, "The rod and reproof give wisdom,""
often saying to themselves. "I will visit their trans-
gression with the rod." John Pryor was a
teacher here in an early day, and he was a good
whipper ; so was James O. Perry. John Duvall,
the first teacher, made his mark on many a back.

The luckless scholar failing to know
The mysteries contained in the lesson,

Was sure to hear the teacher say, ''oho !
I'll have to give you a thrashin' !"

No. 7 (Bushy Knob) was rebuilt about 1852.

No. 8 (Mt. Sterling School) was held in the
old church, and was subsequently in a log house
built for the purpose ; and, in 1852, a new build-
ing was erected, to which additions were made
in 1876.

Mt. Sterling Academy, under the care of
Prof. Robert Morrison, has attained an enviable
reputation, so much so that pupils resort to it from
a very unusual distance for those attending such
schools.

The school house in Hopewell was built about
the year 1852, previous to which time the school
had been held in the Union church.

No. 9 was taken from No. i about 1873, and
a new school house built.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

411

MILLS.

The importance of a mill in the settlement, no
matter how pressing, was frequently ignored by
the pioneer, who regarded other advantages,
such as hunting, fishing, good grazing, an ex-
tended range, and, if it could be had, water priv-
ileges, by which was understood a good site for
a- dam, whereby the power of water could be
utilized in propelling machinery, particularly of
a mill. With these objects in view, it was a
common thing for a pioneer to locate, without
regard to nearness to a mill, and therefore going
to mill was an event of notable interest in the
family, not unattended with danger, and which
always awakened fear in the mother of the house-'
hold when her lord was delayed, which was
sometimes the case. And, on the other hand, it
was a time of joyous expectation on the part of
the "little folks," who invariably received
presents from papa on his return, the mill being
situated near "the store." And then, "mill flour"
was so much more desirable than home-made.

According to tradition, the old settlers from
this region had to go to Zanesville to mill. " It
was a little tub mill where we got the grain
ground, and had to sift it oui'selves as the mill
had no bolting attachment. We traveled down
Timber Run from Spencer's and James Tanner's,
and forded the river at Buckingham's warehouse.
Sometirhes, when the river was up, we had to
make our flour or meal at home, by pounding.
The grain was carried to the mill on horseback,
generally, three sacks for a grist ; two sacks on
one horse and one on another. The horses were
seldom shod in those days, and sometimes one
would slip while crossing the stream, spoiling
the grain, and sometimes creating a panic for
bread at home.'

Tiie mill at
patronized. It

number of people on horseback on their way to
this mill ; and at times they regarded themselves
fortunate^to get there, so bad was the road, and
so treacherous the streams they had to ford. It
was usually a two days trip to Zanesville for
either flour or salt.

THE FIRST SAVi^MILL.

The first sawmill in this township was up
Kent's Run, from Colvin's, and owned by one
Reese. About the same time, 1814, there was a
small gristmill up Kent's Run ; this was running
in 1820. There was another small gristmill on
Poverty Run, near Bonnifield's place ; who
owned or run these mills is not known, the mem-
ory of " the oldest inhabitant " can only testify
that there were such mills. " Adam Smith had
a mill on the Licking county line, about the same
time ; and there was Jacob Martin's mill, on
Kent's Run, a lumber and grist mill."

ORCHARDS.

If there is anj'^ one branch of the industry in-
cluded in a farmer's life, that brings him more

Dillon's Falls was extensively
was a "common sight to see a

into harmony with nature and God, it is fruit
growing.

" And the Lord God planted a garden to the Eastward in

Eden I "
"Almighty, thine this universal frame,

Thus wondrous fair ; thyself how wondrous then !

Unspealiable, who silt'st above these heavens,

To us invisibie, o* dimly seen

In these thy lowest works ; yet these declare

Thy goodness beyond thought, and power divine."

Anno Domini, 1814, John Colvin planted a
nursery, and soon after set out an orchard.
From his nursery he furnished trees to his neigh-
bors. His first orchard consisted of apple and
peach trees ; he obtained his seed from Pennsyl-
vania. One apple tree of the first planting was
alive in 1879.

Henry Winegardner set out an orchard in
181 7 ; his trees were brought from Perry county,
and consisted mostly of apple and cherry. His
peach seed was obtained in Fairfield county, and
planted in 1818 ; one of those trees lived until
1876, and bore fruit two years previous.

POTTERIES.

This is a paradise for potters ; from time immem-
orial, they have plied their vocation with success,
in this township. And yet, while this is true,
most of the establishments have had but a brief
existence. This may be accounted for, perhaps,
on the hypothesis, that the clay was abundant,
the art easily acquired, and the wares cheap, on
which account the potter often sought other ave-
nues to wealth, and sometimes returned when
these failed. The earliest pottery of w^hich we
have any trace, was inaugurated by one Burley,
not far from Mt. Sterling. A little more definite
tradition comes to us concerning a pottery a little
further up the run than the present one. It was
built in 1822, by a man named Castele ; he sold
his establishment, in 1825, to John Burley, and
it has been in the family ever since. This old
shop burned down in 1828, and in 1831, was re-
built by Burley, just east of the present establish-
ment, which was erected in 1875.

EARTHENWARE COFFINS.

This is a new enterprise, invented by Allen &
Son, at Mt. Sterling. They have applied for a
patent. These burial cases are burned in
" nests " of four or five ; they admit of being col-
ored with almost any desired pigment, and are
but little heavier than wood. They admit, also,
of being hermetically sealed, and, unless broken,
will endure longer than metallic cases.

MILLSTONES.

Millstones were first made in this township, in
1825, by §amuel Drumm ; he continued in this
business until 1840. The stones wei'e made of a
regular buhr stone, found in the northwestern
part of the township. Mr. Drumm made stones
for all of the mills in this part of the State, and
shipped many to various parts of the United

412

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

States, delivering them at Nashport, and thence
by the canal and its connections. These stones
were known as the " Flint Ridge Buhr," and re-
garded superior in quality. Some of the stones
are now in Zanesville.

TANNERIES.

There was a tannery at Gratiot, in 1830, but
the establishment was short liyecJ. One at Mt.
Sterling, about the same time, shared the same
fate.

In 1836, one Henderson started a tannery, at
Mt. Sterling. This establishment passed into
the hands of George Rutledge, in 1854, and he
continued the busines until 1866, when the con-
cern was sold to the Van Allen's, who turned it
into a pottery.

TAVERNS.

Institutions by this name, at this time, were
not expected to furnish such luxuries as we are
accustomed to find in first-class taverns in large
cites, so that any one Was able to keep tavern,
and they sprang up along the line of the Na-
tional Road as if by magic, shortly after tha|:
road became a thoroughfare. About the year
1830, Henry Winegardner removed from his
farm to Mt. Sterling, and " kept tavern," on the
north side of the road. He was followed soon
after by a Mr. Blair, who opened a tavern on the
south side of the road. This was a sufficient
designation at that time, and for years afterward,
as Mt. Sterling was a small place.

POSTOFFICES.

There was no postoffice in the township until
1830. At this time, the National Road was com-
pleted through this section of country, and a post-
office was established at Hopewell, where it was
kept a few years, and then removed to Mt. Ster-
ling, and has been kept there ever since, retain-
ing, however, the name, Hopewell Postoffice.

A postoffice was established about the same
time at Gratiot. This office being at the juncture
of Muskingum and Licking counties, or nearly
so, has been moved from one county to the other,
according to the residence of the Postmaster,
who is appointed on the recommendation of the
people. In 1880, the Postmaster was a resident
of Licking county, and the post office was ac-
cordingly in that county.

Another postoffice was established at Cottage
Hill, in the extreme northwest corner of the town-
ship.

Another at Pleasant Valley, on the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad, which is the only railroad post-
office in the township. It is called the Licking
Valley Postoffice.

A daily mail is received and distributed at
each of these offices, except Cottage Hill. Much
might be said concerning the advantages of mail
facilities, but the}^ are too well knowrt to render
this permissible. We hazard nothing in saying,
however, that next to our public schools, no
other agency is so conducive to the diffusion of
knowledge, or does so much to fraternize the

human family. And America, more than any
other country, enjoys the full benefi^of a perfect
mail system, and at reasonable cost.

liOADS.

The road question is always an important one,
particularly in a "timbered country." This,
however, is too self-evident to admit of elucida-
tion. The reader, however, will not object to a
simple statement concerning the roads of an
early day. The original roads of the country
were trails, or much frequented paths. There
were no wagon roads, and when it was possible,
for a wagon to pass and not turn over, or stick
fast in a mud hole or swamp, and this was re-
peated one or more times, this did not constitute
a road, as now understood. Such a road, as we
know, requires work, and sometimes a large
amount of stone and other material, to bring it to
our standard. And such was not then possible,
for highways had not been determined upon.
These are mere allusions, going to show how it
was "in the beginning." Therefore, when
Hamilton and Manley came into this region, they
found "nature unadorned" with roads, and had
to cut down trees in their chosen route, before
they could proceed with their wagons to their
destination. This act alone demonsti-ates their
firmness of purpose, which, it is almost needless to
say, characterized their subsequent efforts in life,
and won for them the pround victor}' of industry.
John Colvin came in i8o7,a year later. There was
no direct road, from Zanesville, and they moved
out the old "State Road," near where the Mays-
ville Pike" now is, and then struck across the
country.

"The Cooper Mill Road was laid out from
Putnam in 1808," and was a little south of the
present road.

"The National Road," our great thoroughfare,
was built in 1830, and -from that time to the
present, there has been a steady improvement in
the township.

The following inscription is found on a stone,
set in the north wall surmounting the culvert over
the run, on Burlej-'s place :

« , , . . . . <,

BUILT A.D. 1830

C. NISAA/'ANGER.

James IIampson,
D. Scott,

Suv't.
Aaa't Sup't

The Policy of the Nation:
'^ lieciprocity at Home and Abroad.^

TIMBER RUN BAPTIST CHURCH.

The church was built in 1832, for a society
known as Predestinarian Baptists. It was
located on land belonging to Robert Bolin, but
the site was not deeded to the society until 1841,
at which time the Trustees were David Allen,
James Fairbanks and John Burle}-.

The services at this church have been kept up
very irregularly, and no record of the pastorates
or membership has been accessible.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

413

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

This township escaped some of the hardships
of having to use the primitive styles of imple-
ments. The patent plow was in use by most of
the eariy settlers, and the millenial era of im-
proved agricultural implements was upon them.
The days of tramping grain out, or threshing
with flails, was passing away.

A thresher worked by horse power, the first
thresher in the township, was owned, in 1837, by
Frederick Beams. It was made by John Van
Home, in West Zanesville. The horse power is
spoken of as a curiosity, but as no accurate
description can be had, the curious will have the
pleasure of the antiquarian in finding it out ; we
confess our inability to do so.

IMPROVED STOCK.

Those who have given attention to this sub-
ject, have mostly engaged in sheep growing.
Louis Ijams brought a flock of Merino sheep
here, in 1845. They were a part of Brownlee's
flock, in Pennsylvania. James Colvin bought
Spanish Merino sheep of Shipps and Armstrong,
in 1856. They were from Vermont. In 1864,
Shipps and Coulter brought some to Mt. Sterl-
ing, when James Colvin bought three, having
brought some from Pennsylvania, in 1863.

Of the others who engaged in Merino sheep
breeding here, were the Pryor's and Leroy Rob-
inson. The former purchased of Shipps and
Armstrong, in 1856, and the latter of Jones and
Rockwell, and of Parmalee, in 1864.

George Pollock was one of the first to breed
fine sheep extensively in this township. He be-
gan about 1850. His first fine Merino was known
as "212," purchased in Vermont, of George
Campbell, for $236.00. He subsequently sold a
lamb of this stock, for $300.00.

Samuel Campbell and S. W. Prior bought
sixteen ewes from Uriah Shipps and Coulters' at
.$62.50 each. These sheep were from Vei-mont,
and bred to Pollock's "212," spoken of above.
Mr. Campbell kept them on shares two years,
and started his fine flock from the lambs. Four
years ago, he sold eleven ewes for $200., and he
has sold a number of bucks at $25.00 each.

ODD FELLOWSHIP.

Horicon Lodge, No. 192, I. O. O. F., was
■organized February 23d, 1852, at Brownsville,
.and subsequently moved to Gratiot. The officers
at the time of organization were :

N. G.— A. R. Jordan.

V. G.— John G. Bain.

Secretarj'^ — Parson Gee.

The charter members were A. R. Jordan, Jer-
ome Waite, J. R. Thrall, John F. Bairi and
Charles Lindsey. Other members were, William
Thomas, Armistead Dodd, Dr. Thomas Hood,
James Payne, Frank Burton, George Johnston,
George McMullen and John Smart.

Their hall was built in 1862, at a cost of about
.$2,000.00.

The number of members, in 1878, was forty-

five ; the number of Past Grands, was twenty-
one ; initiated, two : reinstated, two ; total assets,
$3,105.74.

The officers tor 1879, were as follows •

N. G. — David Ehrman.

V. G.— Milton Coomlis.

Treasurer — Abraham Nursey.

P. S. — Jacob G. Armstrong.

C. S. — Harrison Drumm.

Trustees — Warner Mills, J. B. Gard and A.
B. Gard.

Nathan Prior is Property Trustee.

MT. STERLING BAND.

The Mt. Sterling Band was organized in 1873,
by D. S. Brown, who became leader. The band
consists of nine members and pieces. They
practice regularly, and have a good local repu-
tation.

GRAVEYARDS.

The first graveyard in this township, was on
the old Reamy place ; corresponding to the south
quarter of section 9, T. 8, R. 15 ; subsequently
owned by Alexander Smith.

The Bonnifield graveyard, has some evidences
of great age, being allotted by some who sleep
there, for example : Jacob Reamy, died in the
eightieth year of his age ; Major William Bonni-
field, at eighty-five and six months ; Mary Bonni-
field, at seventy-four ; Mary, wife of Thomas
Simpson, at sixty-four.

The Beula graveyard list, is equalty remark-
able. Samuel Frey died April 9, 1848, aged
eighty-six years ; Rachel, his wife, died January
31st, 1859, aged eighty-two; Rolley Taylor died
January 2d, 1847, in the eighty-third year of her
age ; Samuel Fairlamb died Februaiy i6th,
1853, aged seventy-six; Mary, his wife, died
August 30th, 1853, aged seventy-five ; Jane, wife
of Thomas Wickham, died March ist, 1858,
aged ninety years ; Thomas Wickham, died
June 13th, 1851, aged eighty-two; Sarah, his
wife, died April nth, 1842, aged sixty-four; and
Daniel Crainner, died July 24th, 1867, aged
eighty-seven years.

TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

The earlier records of elections for township
officers, may never be found, and having nothing
to indicate who they were, we shall not indulge in
conjecture.

The earHest official whose election record has
been found, is George Higginbotham, who was
elected Justice of the Peace in 1812. And from
the records, it appears that the following persons
filled that office since 1835: Mahlon Sims, from
April, 1835,10 1838, and from 1838, to 1841:
John Prior, from 1836 to 1839; Samuel Drumni,
from 1836 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1844 ; David
McCracken, from 1839 to 1842 and from 1845 to
1848; Charies Chappelear, from 1839 to 1842,
and 1842 to 1845, to 1848, and from 1851 to 1854 ;
Jesse L. Manley, from 1842 to 1845 ; John Por-
ter, from 1842 to 1845 ; Samuel Frey, from 1845
to 1848, from 1849 to 1850, and to 1853 ; David

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Sherrard, from 1848 to 185 1, to 1854 '■> John Bur-
ley, from 1848 to 185 1 ; Samuel Frey, from 1853
to 1856, to 1859 ; J- ^- Whartenby, from 1855 to
1858; David Sherrard, from 1854 ^^ i8S7» to
i860 and 1863 ; Henry Dick, from 1858 to 1861
to 1864, to 1867 ; Geoi-ge Porter, from 1864 to
1867 ; James Colvin, from 1867 to 1870; Joseph
Richey, from 1868 to 1871, to 1874 '■> Daniel Nor-
man, from 1873 to 1876; J. Lloyd Varner, from
1871 to 1874; Ephraim Bonnifield, from 1870 to
1873; Henry Bonnifield, from 1868 to 1871 ;
Joseph Richey, from 1874 ^o 1877 ; James K. P.
Redman, from 1874 ^o 1877 ; Joseph Portor from
1875 to 1878; Daniel Norman, from 1876 to
1879.

In 1838, the Trustees were John Morgan,
Samuel Bonnifield and John Porter ; Clerk, David
McCracken ; Treasurer, Samuel Colvin ; Con-
stables, Joseph W. Crown and John Colvin ; and,
in 1849, Trustees same as above ; Clerk, Mahlon
Sims ; Treasurer, Samuel Colvin ; Constables,
same.

1840. Trustees, Morgan, Bonnifield and Por-
ter ; Clerk, David McCracken : Treasurer, Sam-
uel Colvin : Constables, J. W. Crown and Os-
born Shaw.

1841. Trustees, same ; Clerk, Peter Drumm ;
Treasurer, Samuel Colvin ; Constables, J. W.
Crown and Henry Bonnifield.

1842. Trustees, same ; Clerk, Mahlon Sims ;
Treasurer, Samuel Colvin ; Assessor, Joseph W.
Crown ; Constables, J. W. Crown and M. F.
Fountain.

1843. Trustees, John Porter, Charles Chap-
pelear and Samuel Colvin ; Clerk, Mahlon
Sims; Treasurer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, J.
W. Crown ; Constables, J. W. Crown and M. F.
Fountain.

1844. Trustees, Samuel Colvin, Chas. Chap-
pelear, David McCracken ; Clerk, Peter Holmes ;
Treasurer, Joseph Richey; Assessor, J. W.
Crown ; Constables, J. W. Crown, John R.
Smith.

1845. Trustees, A. Varner, Samuel Colvin,
Henry Woolf; Clerk, Henry Dick; Treasurer,
Joseph Richey ; Assessor, J. W. Crown ; Con-
stables, William Clapper, J, W. Crown.

1846. Trustees, Amos Varner, John Burley,
Henry Woolf ; Clerk, Henry Dick; Treasurer,
Joseph Richey ; Assessor, J. W. Crown ; Con-
stables, J. W. Crown, W. W. Chappelear.

1847. Trustees, Henry Woolf, -John Burley,
Samuel Drumm ; Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treas-
urer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Morgan ;
Constables, J. O. Hook, J. W. Crown.

1848. Trustees, Flenry Woolf, John Burley,
Townsend J. Jury ; Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treas-
urer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Morgan ;
Constables, J. W. Crown, William Clugston.

1849. Trustees, Henry Woolf, John Burley,
Townsend J. Jury ; Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treas-
urer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Morgan ;
Constables, J. W. Crown, Harrison Norman.

1850. Trustees, Henry Woolf, Samuel Bon-
nifield, Townsend J. Jury ; Clerk, Plenry Dick ;
Treasurer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Mor-

gan ; Constables, J. W. Crown, Harrison Nor-

man.

185 1 . Trustees, Henry Woolf, Samuel Bonni-
field, Townsend J. Jury; Clerk, Henry Dick;
Treasurer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Mor-
gan ; Constables, J. W. Crown, J. O. Hook.

1852. Trustees, Henry Woolf, William Mor-
rison, Jacob Kreager ; Clerk, Henry Dick;
Treasurer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Mor-
gan ; Constables, Joseph W. Crown, John Yeley.

1853. Trustees, A. Morrison, Jacob Kreager,
Lewis Richards ;• Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treas-
urer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, Peter Drumm ;
Constables, J. W. Crown, Daniel Norman.

1854. Trustees, J. Kreager, W. A. Morrison,
J. O. Hook; Clerk, Henry Dick; Treasurer,
Joseph Richey ; Assessor, B. B. Morgan ; Con-
stables, J. W. Crown, Daniel Norman.

1855. Trustees, Samuel Woolf, J. Kreager,
W. A. Morrison; Clerk, Henry Dick; Treas-
urer, Samuel C. Field ; Assessor, B. B. Morgan ;
Constables, Daniel Norman, Jacob Burrier.

1856. Trustees, Henry Woolf, W. A. Mor-
rison, J. Kreager; Clerk, John Ligget, who re-
fused to serve, and Henry Dick was appointed ;
Treasurer, S. C. Field ; Assessor, B. B. Mor-
gan ; Constables, Daniel Norman, Jacob Bur-
rier.

1857. Trustees, Samuel Bonnifield, Henry
Woolf, W. A. Morrison ; Clerk, Henry Dick ;
Treasurer, Samuel C. Field ; Constables, Daniel
Norman, William Varner.

1858. Trustees, Samuel Bonnifield, Henry
Woolf, W. A. Mon-ison ; Clerk, Henry Dick ;
Treasurer, Samuel C. Field ; Constables, Daniel
Norman, Jacob Burrier.

1859. Trustees, Henry Woolf, Samuel Bonni-
field, W. A. Morrison \ Clerk, Henry Dick ;
Treasurer, Samuel C. Field ; Assessor, George
Poundstone ; Constables, Daniel Norman, Jacob
Burrier.

i860. Trustees, John Burley, Samuel Bonni-
field, Henry Woolf: Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treas-
urer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, John Colvin,
Constables, Adam Miller. Jacob Burrier.

1861. Trustees, Henry Woolf, John Burley,
Amos Varner ; Clerk, Henry Dick ; Treasurer,
Joseph Richey ; Assessor, John Colvin ; Consta-
bles, Adam Miller, John C. Crown.

1862. Trustees, Henry Woolf, Ephraim Bon-
nifield, W. A. Morrison ; Clerk, Henry Dick ;
Treasurer, Joseph Richey ; Assessor, William
Rutledge ; Constables, J. C. Crown, Wilson
Bonnifield.

1863. Trustees, Ephraim Bonnifield, Peter
Drumm, Benjamin Wickham ; Clerk, W. A.
Morrison ; Treasurer, John R. Whartenby ; As-
sessor, WiUiam Rutledge ; Constables, Daniel
Norman, John Wolcott.

1864. Trustees, David McCracken, Nathan
Prior, Sol. Minnick ; Clerk, Joseph Porter;
Treasurer, A. M. Field ; Assessor, A. J. Craw-
ford ; Constables, John Higginbotham, James
Sherrard.

1865. Trustees, Nathan Prior, Sol, Minnick,
Lewis Richards ; Clerk, Joseph Porter ; Treas-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

415

,urer, William T. Perry ; Assessor, Thomas Mor-
gan, who refused to serve ; Constables, John
Higginbotham, James Sherrard.

1866. Trustees, Sol. Minnick, Lewis Rich-
ards, Zach. McCammon ; Clerk, Henry Dick;
Treasurer, William T. Perry; Assessor, George
Poundstone ; Constables, Amos Norman, Daniel
Norman.

1867. Trustees, Zach. McCammon, Jacob
Johnson, Samuel Brown ; Clerk, R. F. Smart ;
Treasurer, W. T. Perry ; Assessor, William
Sims ; Constables, George W. Morgan, E. W.
LangstafF.

1868. Trustees, Sol. Minnick, Jacob Johnson,
Frank Sidle; Clerk, R. F. Smart; Treasurer,
W. T. Perry ; Assessor, William Kreager ; Con-
stables, Amos Norman, James Sherrard.

1869. Trustees, Jacob Johnson, Frank Sidle,
Jesse L. Manley ; Clerk, R. F. Smart ; Treas-
urer, W. T. Perry ; Assessor, WiUiam Kreager ;
Constables, Amos Norman, James Sherrard.

1869. Trustees, Jacob Johnson, Frank Si-
dle, Jesse L. Manley; Clerk, R. F. Smart;
Treasurer ; W. T. Perry ; Assessor, Samuel
Woolf ; Constables, Amos Norman, S. C. Cun-
ningham. September 20, 1869, Clerk R. F.
Smart resigned, and Joseph Porter was appointed.

1870. Trustees, Jesse L. Manley, Jacob John-
son, John Burley ; Clerk, George H. Hood ;
Treasurer, W. T. Perry ; Assessor, Thomas W.
Morgan ; Constables, Amos Varnef, J. L. Var-
ner.

1871. Trustees, C. F. Sidle, John B. Starkey,
Jacob Johnson ; Clerk, George H. Hood ; Treas-
urer, W. T. Perry ; Assessor, Samuel H. Woolf;
Constables, Amos Norman, Noah Allen.

1872. Trustees, John B. Starkey, James E.
Tanner, William D. Laird ; Clerk, George H.
Hood ; Treasurer, W. T. Perry ; Assessor,
Henry Woolf; Constables, Amos Norman, John
Frances.

1873. Trustees, James E. Tanner, John B.
Starkey, Ephraim Bonnifield ; Clerk, George H.
Hood ; Treasurer, W. T. Perry; Assessor, Ja-
cob Kreager ; Constables, Amos Norman, Mar-
tin Fountain.

1874. Trustees, James E. Tanner, Washing-
ton M. Bonnifield, George Poundstone ; Clerk, H.
G. Moore ; Treasurer, W*. T. Perry ; Assessor,
Jacob Kreager; Constables, Amos Norman,
Shelby Hibbs.

1875. Trustees, James E. Tanner, Washing-
Ion M. Bonnifield, George Poundstone ; Clerk,
Henry G. Moore ; Treasurer, W. T. Perry ; As-
sessor, Henry Bonnifield ; Constables, Amos
Norman, John W. Sidle,

1876. Trustees,William M. Bonnifield, James
E. Tanner, August Eckman ; Clerk, George H.
Hood ; Treasurer, John Whartenby ; Assessor,
Grafton F. Rankin ; Constables, Amos Norman,
Jacob Shaw.

1877. Trustees, Mathias Drumm, Jacob
Kreager, John B. Chappelear ; Clerk, George
H. Hood ; Treasurer, John Whartenby ; Assessor,
AdamB. Gard ; Constables, Amos Norman, Ja-
cob Shaw.

1878. Trustees, David Ehmann, Alva Bonni-
field, James W. Felton ; Clerk, George H. Hood ;
Treasurer, John Whartenby ; Assessor, George
Kreager; Constables, Amos Norman, James
Clugston.

1879. Trustees, Alva Bonnifield,John Bowers,
Thomas W. Morgan ; Clerk, George H. Hood ;
Treasurer, John Whartenby ; Assessor, W. M.
Bonnifield ; Constables, Amos Norman » William
Hill.

UNION TOWNSHIP.

GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL LANDS PIONEERS EARLY

IMPROVEMENTS FIRST BRICK HOUSE FIRST

STONE HOUSE FIRST ORCHARD — MERINO SHEEP

"SHORT horns" FIRST REAPER ROADS

OLD wheeling A COUNTY ROAD NATIONAL

ROAD RAILROAD MILLS FIRST TANNERY

FIRST STORE FIRST TAVERN BLACKSMITHS

FIRST COOPER DISTILLERIES ORGANIZATION

OF THE TOWNSHIP TOWNSHIP OFFICEliS

TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY — NORWICH NORWICH

DIRECTORY NEW CONCORD — NEW CONCORD

DIRECTORY NEW CONCORD UNITED PRESBY-
TERIAN CHURCH NEW CONCORD PRESBYTER-
IAN CHURCH^NEW CONCORD M. E. CHURCH

NEW CONCORD BAPTIST CHURCH NORWICH M.

E. CHURCH NORWICH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

NOliWICH UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

SCHOOLS MUSKINGUM COLLEGE NEW CON-
CORD GRADED SCHOOL FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL

NORWICH SOCIETY OF INQUIRY POSTOFFICES

PHYSICIANS MILITARY UNION TOWNSHIP

VOLUNTEERS — AGRICULTURE — IMPROVED STOCK
—DRAINAGE TIMBER MINERALS .

Union township is situated within the "United
States Military District," constitutes town one,
and range five, of that survey, and contains
twenty -five square miles of territory.

SCHOOL LANDS.

When the township was surveyed, in 1803, the
Government reserved the southea^st quarter of the
same, for school purposes, and divided the sec-
tions into quarters, numbering them from one to
twenty-five, beginning at the northeast corner of
said tract.

When Ebenezer Zane, in 1797, surveyed the
road "from Wheeling to Limestone, in Ken-
tucky," he passed through the territory now
known as Union township, and opened up a
highway in the wilderness ; a thoroughfare along
which the tide of emigration poured, surging its
way towards the setting sun.

As the weary emigrant plodded his way along
the "Zane Trace," towards "Westbourne," and
stopped to slake his thirst at some beautiful spring,
he could not fail to note the rich land, purHng
streams, and gentle slopes of the military dis-
trict. Hence it was, that town one — now Union
township — was early settled by hardy and in-
dustrious pioneers. When the whites first set-
tled in this locality, there was an Indian camp

4i6

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

on section five, on the land now owned by Isaiah
Carr. There was also a camp on "White Eyes"
Creek — the stream deriving its name from the
Shawanoes chief, by that name.

PIONEERS.

It is not certainly known who was the first set-
tler of Union township, as the school land, being
subject to a lease of ninety-nine years, was early
occupied by a class of people, unable to purchase
land elsewhere, few of whom became permanent
settlers. During the interval between 1803 and
1807, Henry Hardesty occupied lot nineteen,
Peter Monroe, lot twenty-three, Henry Hardy,
lot twelve, William Newland, lot three, and
Mullen, lot nine.

The Government, i^eceiving no revenue from
these lands, found it necessary to pass a law ex-
posing them to public sale ; offering the occu-
pants the first chance to purcha*se.

From 1803 to 1806, the Reasoners, Speers,
Findleys, and Wilsons, from Pennsylvania, set-
tled in the northeastern portion of the township,
near the present site of New Concord. Henry
Reasoner, having in the year 1804, entered the
land on which the town now stands.

In 1806, Samuel Wilson located on the north-
west quarter of section eleven, and finding a
"bee tree" near his cabin, he -appropriated the
bees, and established the pioneer apiary of Mus-
kingum county. His son, John, still occupies the
premises, and looks after the descendents of the
"old bee gum" — the bees from which his father
nurtured for fifty-seven years.

John C. Wilson, another son, has at this time
the largest apiary in the county.

In 1804, Thomas Warren, following the " Old
Zane Trace," located on section thirteen, and
opened his house for the accommodation of the
traveling public. This was the pioneer tavern
of the township, and was afterwards known as
the " Few Tavern Stand."

In the year 1805, John Self arrived from Vir-
ginia, and entered the land now owned by Wil-
liam P. Self, situated on section fifteen.

Judge David Findley came from Pennsylva-
via, in 1806, and purchased the southwest quarter
of section one, of Henry Reasoner. In 1813, he
was elected associate Judge, and held that oflice
until 1820, when he resigned.

In April, 1807, John Hadden, father of Sam-
uel Hadden, located on the southwest quarter of
section eight. Andrew Lorimer, William Hun-
ter, and Robert Walker, settled on sections
thirteen and eighteen, and Ralph Hardesty, from
Wheeling, West Virginia, pitched his tent on the
southeast quarter of section fourteen. This loca-
tion atterwards became famous as the spot chosen
by the stalwart and pugnacious setders to " vote,
drink, and fight."

Captain Joseph McCune came from Pennsyl-
vania, in 1808, and settled on section ten, now
known as the McClelland property. Mr. Mc-
Cune became a man of influence in the commu-
nity, serving in the war of 1812, as Captain,
and, subsequently, as Justice of the Peace for a
period of twenty -one yeai-s.

The same year, (1808), James Cummins built
his cabin on the southwest quarter of section
nine.

In 1809, Joseph Geyer entered the southeast
quarter of section seven, and was soon followed
by his brothers, Daniel and John.

In 1810, Barnett Vandevert located on the
southwest quarter of section twenty-three.

The year 181 1, added quite a number of set-
tlers to the population. William Garner located
on the northwest quarter of section five, (now
Israel Carr's). Peter Galigher entered a por-
tion of section four, (now John Jennings').
Benjamin Wortman located on the southwest
quarter of section seven, (now partially occupied
by the village of Norwich). Simon Elliott set-
tled on land now owned by Simon Elliott, Jr.,
being the southwest quarter of section three.

Frederick Henderson, Adam and Daniel Bow-
man, and David Sellers, an-rived from Pennsyl-
vania, in 181 2. Henderson bought land of Wil-
liam Gladden, who had entered two quarter sec-
tions where Thomas Marshall now resides,
(section eighteen), and hired Isaac Tewalt to
build him a house. This house, a log one, is
still standing on the Marshall farm, but unoccu-
pied.

Col. John Reynolds located on the southwest
quarter of section thirteen, on the Wheeling
road, and opened a store in 1815 : the first regu-
lar store within the bounds of the present town-
ship.

Samuel Cummins, Samuel Hadden, and John
Vandevert, are the oldest inhabitants of the
township, having resided in it continuously for
over seventy years.

EAKLV IMPKO\ EMENTS.

The first houses erected by the early settlers
were, of course, of the most primitive kind, be-
ing built of unhewn logs, and covered with clap-
boards instead of shingles, held in place by
weight poles instead of nails, the latter being a
a luxury few could afford. Judge David Findley,
being more prosperous than most of his neigh-
bors, covered his house, in 1809, with lap shingles
and wrought nails, the first in the county outside
of Zanesville.

The first brick house built in Union township
was that of Peter Monroe, on lot twenty-three
of the school land, in 1827. The next was that
of Judge David Findlev, in New Concord, in
1828.

The first stone house was built b}^ Ralph
Hardesty, in Norwich, in 1830. It is still stand-
ing and occupied by Mr. Robert Dennj-.

James Watson had the first peach orchard, on
lot seven of the school lands, and Judge D. Find-
ley the first apple orchard.

John Hadden was the first to introduce fine
Merino sheep, in 1830.

James Findley first introduced short-horn Dur-
ham cattle, from Kentucky, in 1840.

The first reaper, (a McCormick), was brought
into the township by James Taggart.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

417

ROADS.

The first road through Union township was
the " Old Wheehng Road," surveyed bj^ Ebe-
nezer Zane, in 1797. It entered town one, of
the " Military Lands," on the southeast quainter
of section ten, and passed into range six, (now
Perry township), on the northeast quarter of sec^
tion sixteen.

In 1827, the National Road was surveyed
through, entering the township on the southeast
quarter of section one, and passing out on the
northwest quarter of section fifteen. After the
construction of the National Pike, the old Wheel-
ing Road was abandoned as a thoi'oughfare,
and the travel transferred to the new route,
which, for }'ears, enjoyed all the "pomp and
circumstance" of the four-in-hand stage coaches.
But a time came when its gloiy, too, departed,
when the Central Ohio Divsion of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad was completed, running
nearly parallel with the National Pike, and the
once autocratic stage coach found itself left far
in the rear by the all conquering " iron horse ;"
it bade farewell to the old familiar scenes and hied
away to " the pleasant plains of Iowa."

The common "dirt roads," of Union town-
ship, are generally good, as the country is not so
hilly as to make traveling difficult.

MILLS.

The settlers in Union township either went to
Zanesville, or Cambridge, to get grinding done,
and when they wanted boards, they resorted to
the " pit saw." But the distance to the former,
and the labor of the latter, were grievances not
easily to be borne, and home talent was brought
into requisition to dispense with both. The first
horse mill was built by Benjamin Reasoner, in
1815.

The first fulling mill was built at New Con-
cord, by Judge David Findley. The Judge was
also the happy possessor of a primitive gristmill,
but the time of building it is unknown.

Harper & Keitly built a "tramp sawmill," just
south of lot twelve, in the town of Norwich, in
1827, which was afterwards turned into a brewery
by Holley & Son. Applin & Abbitson were also
its proprietors for a time. Finally it was turned
into a tanner}', by James Caldwell.

In 1830, a" large gristmill was built on lands
owned by Jos. Geyer, south of Norwich, by Thos.
Maxfield, Thomas Few, Samuel Lorrain, and
Manning Putnam. It contained three run_ of
buhrs, with ample machinery, but after passing
through various hands, (always unprofitable,) it
was torn down, and the machinery moved to
Gratiot, west of Zanesville, in 1870.

Samuel Hadden and Andrew Lorimer built a
sawmill on Hadden's land, in 1840, and sold it
to John Whitaker, in 1841. He attached buhrs
for grinding, and moved the mill to New Con-
cord, in 1850. The mill is still in operation,
with a planing mill attached.

In J 85 2, James Findley and John Patterson
built a gristmill at New Concord, near the rail-

road depot, with three run of buhrs. After being
owned by various partners, Alexander Speer
became its sole proprietor, in 1863, and still
runs it.

L. D. Stoner has recently erected a steam grist-
mill and hollow-ware factory in the town of Nor-
wich, and is doing a good business.

John Hadden built the first tannery, in 1807,
and followed the business until 1827, when he
was succeeded by Messrs. Caldwell and Mc-
Clure.

The first store was kept by Colonel John Re}^-
nolds, at Locust Grove, in 1815. He was suc-
ceeded by Thomas Maxfield, who kept store at
the Grove until 1827, when he moved to the new
town of Norwich.

The first tavern was kept by Thomas Warren,
on the old "Zane Trace," in 1805. The accom-
modations were of the most primitive kind, but
amply sufficient for the time. He sold out to
George Heep, and he, to Isaac Few, in 1812.
This place was long noted as the "old Few
Tavern stand."

As early as 1804, William.Speer located on the
southeast quarter of section two, and in the
spring of 1805, opened a blacksmith shop, the
first in the present township of Union. He
brought his iron by wagon, over the Alleghany
mountains, and followed the trade until 181 1, "
when he returned to Pennsylvania, to take care
of his aged parents. He afterwards returned,
but did not resume his trade.

Joseph McKinney was also an early black-
smith. He began in 1816.

Joseph Reasoner learned the trade at Pittsburg,
and located his shop on the Wheeling road. He
made the first ax ever made by hand in Mus-
kingum county. In later years he used to boast
of having shod General Jackson's hoi-ses.

Robert Walker was the first cooper in the new
settlement. He came from Ireland, and brought
with him, as the fruit of his industry, "a bag of yel-
low guineas," with which he made a payment on
his land, and, tradition says, in lieu of a bank,
deposited the remainder in a log.

Distilleries. — Dui-ing the early stages of agri-
culture in Muskingum county, distilleries were
numerous, and as it was not considered disrep-
utable to engage in the business, we find such
men as Judge Findley owning and running a
still.

Whiskey was an article of consumption almost
as common as food, but it was pure, and the evils
resulting from its use were not so great as at the
present day.

Organization of the Township . — The date of
the organization of several townships of Mus-
kingum, does not appear, upon examination of
the Commissioners' journal, Union township
amongst them, but that it was amongst the first,
is evident from the fact of elections being held at
the old Few Tavern in 1808, at which Benjamin
Reasoner was elected Justice of the Peace.

The first board of officers cannot now be given,
as the records are lost, and tradition unsatis-
factory.

4i8

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The polls were subsequently moved from
Warren's, (afterwards Few's,) to Ralph Hard-
esty's, further west on the Wheeling road, which
continued to be the voting place until the com-
pletion of the National Road, when it was estab-
lished at Sensabaugh's tavern, in Norwich.

In April, 1876, the township was divided into
two voting precincts, and a polling place estab-
lished at New Concord, for the eastern ten sec-
. tions of the township.

TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

Justices of the Peace — George L. Foley, and
H. F. Lorimer.

Constables — ^Joseph Decker, and William G.
Madden.

Assessors — New Concord precinct, Richard
Rice ; Norwich precinct, Alfred Wyman.

Trustees — John S. Speer, M. L. Harper,
Theodore Mitchell, Geo. L. Foley, and Charles
C. Taylor.

Notary Public — Geo. L. Foley.

Land Appraiser — William T. Forsyth.

Census Enumerator — Frank T. Kyle.

Board of Education — ^Joseph E. Kelly, F. E.
Richey, James C. Wilson, (President), and
Joseph White.

Supervisors — J. M. Johnson, M. O. Huffman,
John Malone, Thomas Waddle, James Caldwell,
Ed. Richardson.

Union township contains two villages, one col-
lege, eight schools, eight churches, three post-
offices, two railroad depots, three telegraph offi-
ces, and three mills.

The railroad depots are on the Central Ohio
Div sion of the Baltimore and Ohio Road ; one at
New Concord, and the other at Norwich. The
agent at New Concord is Alexander Speer.

A telegraph office was established at the New
Concord depot, but afterwards removed to Nor-
wich station. Wm. P. Parks, and H. W. Jones,
operators.

The office in New Concord was established in
December, 1879. Samuel Best, operator.

VILLAGES.

Norwich is situated in Union township, near
the center of section seven, and occupies a por-
tion of three-quarters of that section. The south-
west quarter was entered by Benjamin Wort-
man, the northwest by Frederick Yarian, and
the northeast by George Richie, who sold the
same to John Crawford, in 1811. William Har-
per, an Englishman, bought of Crawford and
laid out the town of Norwich, in 1827, naming it
for his native town of Norwich, in England.

The first house in Norwich was built by Sam-
uel McCloud, who kept a boarding house.

The first regular hotel was kept by Reuben
Whitaker. The first store by Thomas Maxfield.

The first brick house was built by WiUiam
Harper, and the first stone house by Ralph
Hardesty.

The town was incorporated in 1833, and the
first Mayor was James Launders.

Samuel and James Lorimer were amongst the
first physicians.

NORWICH DIRECTORY.

Churches — Presbyterian, United Presbyterian
and Methodist Episcopal.

Schools — Graded school, James M. Starrett,
Principal.

Stores— C. C. Taylor, R. J. Young & Co.,
and Wm. Tudor.

Groceries — Reuben Whitaker, and J. F,
Haines.

Drug Store — Dr. J. L. Geyer.

Hotel — Benjamin F. Crablin.

Grist Mill and Factory — L. D. SFoner.

Postoffice — C. C. Taylor, postmaster

Physicians — ^J. L. Geyer, and R. M. Bainter.

School Board — James F. Foley. John E.
Cherry, and Alva J. Conn.

Shoe Shops — James Foley, and Jamas Lud-
man.

Blacksmith Shops — James and Alva Conn, and
Wm. Snoots.

Wagon Shops — ^James Launders, and John
Moorhead.

Saddler Shop — Thomas R. Bryant.

Butcher Shop — John F. Haines.

Millineiy Shops — Mrs. Hendershot, Miss
Snoots, Misses Davis, Ann Sheldon, and Mrs.
J. P. Kelley.

BALTIMOliE AND OHIO RAILROAD DEPOT.

Nursery — "Excelsior," G. H. Miller, propri-
etor.

Store — ^Joseph P. Kelley.
Postoffice — J. P. Kelley, postmaster.
Telegraph Office — W. P. Parks, operator.
Blacksmith — ^Judson Ferguson.
Undertaker — C.N. Bainter.

NEW CONCORD.

In the year 1804, Henry Reasoner, from Penn-
sylvania, entered the southwest quarter of sec-
tion one, which he sold to David Findley, in
1806, and, in 1828, Findley laid out the town of
New Concord, along the line of the National
Road.

NEW CONCORD OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.

Mayor^ — William Alexander.

Council— M. A. Brown, W. S. Speer, T. J.
Hukill, W. H. Pringle, M. D., T. H\ Paden.

Clerk — ^J. H. Henderson.

Treasurer — W. P. Gault.

Marshal — Alexander McKinney.

Board of Education — S. T. Stoner, President ;
Stewart Speer, Secretary ; H. H. Wilkin, Wm.
Alexander, M. L. Harper, C. B. McKee.

Street Commissioner- — Ezra S. Lyle.

Muskingum College — F. M. Spencer, Presi-
dent.

Graded School-^J. K. Watson, Principal.

Churches — United Pi-esbytei"ian, Dr. David
Paul, Pastor; Reformed Presbyterian, Dr. H.
P. McClurkin, Pastor ; Presbyterian, Rev. Faris
Brown, Pastor; Methodist Episcopal, Rev. Wil-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

419

liam Peregoy, Pastor ; Baptist, Rev. Charles C.
Erwin, Pastor.

Postoffice — ^Joseph McKinney, Postmaster.
Telegraph Office — Samuel Best, operator.
Grist and Saw Mill — Alexander Speer, pro-
prietor.

Grist, Saw and Planing Mill — Porter & Son,
proprietors.

General Stores — PI. H. Wilkin, Harper &
Harper, Wilson Stewart, John Best & Sons, Al-
exander Speer & Son.

Hotels— Mitchell McCloud and S. B. Maharry.
Drug Stores— W. P. Gault & Bro. and Wil-
liam S. Spe»r.

Physicians — Heniy McCreary, S. T. Storer,
I. W. Chisholm, and W. W. Pringle.
Dentist — F. H. Closman.
Veterinary Surgeon — William B. Ford.
Civil Engineer — T. C. Connor.
Machinist — Wlliam Alexander.
Hardware and Groceries — ^Joseph McKinney
& Sons.

Shoe Store — J. H. Herdman.
Furniture — James Nelson and William Grum-
man.

Shoe-Shops- Wilkin & Paff, David G. Thomp-
son, and T. Jenkins.

Harness Shop — ^John W. Miller and L. Bon-
nell.

Livery Stable— T. Ed. McCloud.
Carpenter— M. A. Brown, W. T. Smith, W.
G. Madden, and George Madden.

Painters — ^James Larimore, John Caldwell,
and William Todd.

Blacksmiths — T. J. Hukill, James Alexander,
Alexander McKinney, and S. Johnson.

Wagon Maker— ^fohn Miller and J. D. Ams-
poker.

Butcher — W. Wan-en.
Tinner — Ira Cooper.

Undertakers — Wilson & Miller and WiUiam
Grumman.

Book Store— Mrs. R. S. Campbell.
■^ MilHners — Misses Cooper & Funk, and Miss
Hattie Hanson.

Baker and Confections— William T. Griffith.
Restaurants— Mrs. Catharine Marshall, Mrs.
Catharine Walker, and Mrs. S. A. Noble.
Mason — William McDonald.
Brickmaker — William Sherlock.
Barber— F. Curtis.

Silver Cornet Band— Leader, H. H. Wilkm ;
assistant, T. F. Gault ; Warren McKinney, M.
A. Brown, E. H. Speer, James Porter, W. S.
Speer, W. G. Madden, S. H. Harper, M. L.
Harper, Joseph Ramsey, William Miller, and
James Harper.

CHURCHES.

New Concord United Presbyterian Church
was originally known as "Crooked Creek
Church," the first meeting-house being situated
about one mile southwest of the village of New
Concord. It was connected with what was then
known as the Associate Reformed Church. Tra-
dition savs that the first Associate Reformed

preaching in this county was in Judge Findley's
barn, not far from the present residence of David
Stormant. Rev. Alexander Calderhead was the
preacher.

The Crooked Creek congregation was organ-
ized in 1812. The first stated supply was Rev.
Alexander Craig. The first Elders were Judge

Findley, Ancjrew Lorimer, Rambo, and

James Cummins. The first settled pastor was
Rev. David Proudfit. He was installed in 1824
or 1825.

In consequence of the vast territory over
which th6 members of the congregation w^ere
scattered, preaching stations were established,
seven miles north and five miles south. John
Duff was chosen Elder for the north branch (now
Lebanon), and David Forsyth for the south
branch (now Salt Creek).

Mr. Proudfit preached half his time at Crook-
ed Creek, and divided the remainder equally
between the two branches. Death closed his
labors, m 1830.

Rev. Johnston Welsh became pastor in 1834,
and resigned in 1835.

Rev. B. Waddle began his pastorate in 1836.
During his incumbency the congregation reach-
ed its maximum membership.

By common consent at different times, Le-,
banon, Salt Creek, and East Union, were erect-
ed into separate organizations.

About 185 1, steps were taken looking toward
the organization of an associate church, in New
Concord. Of this congregation. Rev. S. McAr-
thur was the first preacher.

The following persons were Elders in this con-
gregation : Robert Harper, Elijah Coulter, Jo-
seph McCune, Matthew Cherry, Samuel Briggs,
William Laro, and R. R. Moore.

Rev. James M. Henderson became pastor in
1855. After the union of the Associate, and As-
sociate Reformed churches, it was thought best
that the New Concord congregations (Associ-
ate," and "Associate Reformed"), should be-
come one. To this end, both pastors (Waddle
and Henderson), resigned. All the other offi-
cials resigned, except Samuel Cummins and
Elijah Forsythe, who continued in office in order
to hold the organization.

Ifi February, i860, Rev. James C. Murchtook
charge of the congregation, as pastor. He re-
signed in 1876. July I, 1876, the present pastor.
Rev. David Paul, D. D., commenced his pas-
toral labors.

Since the union of the two congi-egations, the
following persons have acted as elders : Elijah
Forsythe, Samuel Cummins, Joseph Harper,
Samuel Harper, WilHam Patterson, James A.
Miller, William McClure, J. L. Patterson, John
Speer, and James Nelson.

The present membership is about three hun-
dred. Recently, five deacons were chosen, and
ordained, namely: B. Marshall, J. L. Boyd,
Andrew Caldwell, Wilson White, and I. W.
Chisholm.

The New Concord Presbyterian Church was
formerly located one mile south of New Concord,

420

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

and was known as the Pleasant Hill Church.
Its origin was as follows :

In 1804, Rev. John Wright preached at the
house of John Reasoner, on the southeast quarter
of section ten. Other ministers preached occa-
sionally until about 1818, when Rev. James Rob-
inson organized a church. Mr. Robinson was
succeeded by Rev. Samuel Baldridge, in 1819.
At this time, services were held in houses and
barns, and sometimes in a tent at Pleasant Hill
Spring. It was during Mr. Baldridge's minis-
try that the first church was erected. It was a
frame, forty feet square, two stories high, and
stood on Mr. Reasoner's land, near the old
"Zane road." In 1823, Dr. Baldridge moved
west, and from 1823 to 1827, the church had no
regular pastor. Rev. M. Clark holding com-
munion services in 1825, and Rev. Mr. McMil-
len, in 1826.

In the 3'ear 1827, Rev. James Arbuthnot was
ordained, and installed pastor of the churches of
Pleasant Hill and Salt Creek, and on the 27th of
October, 1829, he organized the church at Nor-
wich, of which he also became pastor, and re-
mained in this connection till 1830.

Rev. Samuel Wilson was ordained, and in-
stalled as pastor over the united churches of
Pleasant Hill, Salt Creek, and Norwich, April
5, 1832, giving to each one-third of his time,
and receiving from each one-third of his salary,
of $400. This arrangement continued for seven
years, when Pleasant Hill and Norwich each
applied for one-half of his time, and Mr. Wilson
was released from Salt Creek. He continued in
this relation until April 28, 1868, thirty-six years,
and only dissolved his connection when forced
to do so by the infirmities of age.

In the year 1849, this congregation re-built
and enlarged the church, completing it in 1850.

After Mr. Wilson's resignation, Rev. N. C.
Helfrich became pastor, and served until Octo-
ber 25, 1874.

Rev. Faris Brown became stated supply for
the united charge September 10, 1875, and was
installed pastor and still continues in that relation.

In the year 1872, a new site having been ob-
tained in the village of New Concord, a new
church building was erected thereon at a cost of
$4,000.

The name was changed from Pleasant Hill,
to that of New Concord, by an act of the Pres-
bytery.

The following is a list of Elders and Deacons of
this church from its organization to the present.
The Elders were as follows :

1818 — John Reasoner, Solomon Adams, David
Hammond.

1819 — ^John Connor, John Shaw, Benjamin
Reasoner, Enoch Rush.

1827 — William Hunter.

1832 — Abraham Pollock.

1833— Robert McGee.

1841— James Bell.

1844 — Isaac Storer, Robert Hunter.

1854 — George Walters, Jesse Wortman, Na-
than Reasoner.

1862 — Alex. McKinney, Peter Reasoner,
Thomas Conner, Joseph Ainspoker.

1872 — Robert Cariens, Andrew H. Marshall.

1877 — Stuart Speer, John St. Clair, Robert
DaughertA'.

The Deacons were as follows :

1844 — ^Jesse Wortman, John Milholland, Rob-
ert Comin.

1854 — John Whitaker, Peter Reasoner, Sam'l.
Pollock, Alexander McKinney.

1862 — John Shaw, Robert Speer.

1872 — ^John Halstead, Charles P. Morgan,
William P. Gault, James Noble.

The present membership of this cljurch is one
hundred and forty-five. During the sixty-two
years of its history it has had five pastors and
twenty-six ruling elders.

NEW CONCOliD METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In 1836, a small class met in the school house
at New Concord, with Andrew Magee, as
Leader. They continued to meet in the school
house until 1850, when they met in the College
building.

In 1859, '^ frame church, 36x44, was erected at
New Concord, and dedicated by Rev.' D. P.
Mitchell.

The present number of members is fifty.

Leaders — William Alexander and V. C.
Jenkins.

Stewards — Robert Campbell and Joseph Mc-
Kinney.

Preacher in charge — Rev. William Peregoy.

NEW CONCORD BAPTIST CHURCH.

This church was organized by Rev. George
C. Sedgwick, September 20th, 1829, at Norwich,
Muskingum county, Ohio.

The names of the original members are as
follows :

Isaiah Miller, Esther Miller, Elizabeth Fowles,
James Fulk, Matilda Fulk, Fannie Bradford,
Sarah Williams, Rebecca Bond, Mary Bond,
Sophia Williams, and Emity Williams.

The first Pastor was Rev. William Rees, suc-
seeded by Rev's. William Spencer, Mr. Mc-
Gowen, William Marz, B. Y. Seigfried, Hugh
'Brown, Amos Pratt, R. H. Sedgwick, B. Allen,
W. D. Seigfried, B. Y. Seigfried, C. H. Gunter,
G. W. Churchill, S. C. Tussing, J. C. Skinner,
James Herbert, and C. C. Erwin.

In i860, this congregation built a new church,
(frame,) 44x54, at New Concord, and dedicated
the same in 1861. It cost $2,500.

The maximum number of members is eighty.

Present number of members, fifty-one.

The present officials are as follows :

Treasurer — James Wilson .

Clerk— W. T. Smith.

Trustees— J. S. McKinney, W. T. Smith, J.
H. Dague, Frank Hancock, and J. M. Parkhill.

Deacons — J. S. McKinney, Harrison Dye, and
J. H. Dague.

Present Pastor — Rev. Charles C. Erwin.

This church has ordained two ministers, W.

MUSKINGUM COLLEGE, New Concord, Ohio.

Muskingum College was chartered in 1837. Eeverends
Robert Wallace, Samuel Wilson, B. Waddle, D. D., Daniel
McLane and Messrs. Andrew Lorimer, John Jamison, John
McKinney, John Hull and William Finley were the incor-
porators. The College was founded in the interests of
Christian education. Leading Christian men of all denom-
inations in the community united their efforts to secure the
education of young men designed for the ministry and other
learned professions. In later years the privileges enjoyed
by young men have been extended to young women.
* The first building was destroyed by fire, but was soon
rebuilt. In 1873 an addition 45x70 was erected in front of
the old building. Both are now in good repair.

The number of students in attendance, at first small, has
steadily increased. The catalogue number for the year end-
ing June 22d, 1882, was 189. The Fall session of the pres-
ent year marks a gain of eighteen over the same term of
the preceding year. Between two and three hundred young
men and women have graduated from this institution.
About one hundred of these have entered the Christian
ministry, and are now laboring both in this country and in
foreign lands. Her Alumni are also well represented in the
other professions. It is estimated that at least two thous-
and students have been in attendance during the forty-five
years of her existence. It will be seen that Muskingum
College has been closely inwrought into the life and pros-
perity of Muskingum and adjoining counties.

The following persons have served as Presidents of the
College : Eev. B. Waddle, D. D., Kev. S. Wilson, Eev. D.
A. Wallace, D. D., LL. D., Eev. John Milligan, Eev. S. G.
Irvine, D. D., Eev. S. McArthur, Eev. J. P. Lytle, D. D.

(pro tem.), Eev. H. P. McClurkin, D. D. (pro tem.), Eev.
L. B. W. Shryock, Eev. D. Paul, D. D., and Eev. P. M.
Spencer.

Until 1877 Muskingum College was simply a local col-
lege. At that date she was transferred to the care of the
United Presbyterian Presbyteries of Muskingum and Mans-
field. In October of 1882 the Synod of Ohio of the United
Presbyterian Church voted to accept the care and control
of the College. Her doors will, however, still be open to
students of all denominations.

It is expected that the endowment of the College will
be largely increased during 1883, enabling her to do more
and better work than ever before.

President F. M. Spencer will cheerfully give any addi-
tional information.

FACULTY.

Eev. F. M. Spencer, President, and Professor of Hebrew,
and Mental, Moral and Political Philosophy.

Eev. David Paul, D. D., Vice President (elect).

Eev, J. A. Gray, A. M., Professor of Mathematics.

T. H. Paden, A. M., Professor of Latin and Greek Lan-
guages.

John McBurney, 4- M., Professor of Natural Sciences.

H. McCreary, M. D., Adjunct Professor of Natural
Sciences.

Mary Miller, A. M., Teacher of French and German.

J. S. Moffatt, Latin Tutor.

Prof. 8. T. Wallace, A. M., Principal of the Department of
Music.

Jennie McCartney, Assistant Teacher of Music.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

421

D. Seigfried and C. C. Erwin, and licensed two
others, W. B. Watson and W. H. McKinney.

NORWICH METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The "class" from which this chiuxh sprang,
was originally organized at the house of Martin
McCloud, in Perry township, and when Mr.
McCloud, in 1827, moved to Union township,
his house still continued to be the place of meet-
ing.

The first class was composed of Martin
McCloud and wife, Phillip Richcreek and wife,
Israel Jennings and wife, "Father" Speck and
wife, Mrs. R. Hardesty and two daughters,
Thomas Cookston and wife, Lewis Virden and
wife, William Jennings and wife. Rev. Manning
Putnam, (a local preacher,) Mrs. Lloyd and two
daughters, Enos Jennings and wife, Mrs. Pass-
more, Peter Bowers, Enoch Marple and wife,
Sarah Self, and Delphi McCloud.

Phillip Richcreek was the first Leader, fol-
lowed by Israel Jennings.

During 1829-30, a church, (bi^ick,) 30x40, was
erected on lot fifty-one, in the town of Norwich,
which stood imtil 1842, when it was taken down
and a new brick structure, 40x60, erected in its
stead.

The present number of members is one hun-
dred and thirty-four.

Leaders — ^Joseph Kelly, Samuel Mock and
William Jennings.

Stewards^James C. Wilson, Jesse Hender-
shot, and J. F. Jennings.

Preacher in charge — Rev. William Peregoy.

NORWICH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church was organized October 27th, 1828,
by Rev. James Arbuthnot, under authority
granted by the Presbytery of Lancaster, Ohio.
This organization was mainly composed of mem-
bers from the Pleasant Hill Presbyterian Church.
Its first pastor was Rev. James Arbuthnot, whose
pastorate continued about two years. The orig-
inal -Elders elected, were Robert Miller, John
Jamison, John WycofF, and William McLaughlin.

The first Trustees were : Robert Miller, John
McCurdy, John Wycoff, Peter Galliger, John
■Crawforcl, and Benjamin Woitman,

In August, 183 1, a call was extended to Rev.
Samuel Wilson, and he was installed pastor,
April 5th, 1832. Mr. Wilson continued his
pastorate until April 28th, 1868, a period of thirty-
six years, when he resigned on account of ill
health.

May 17th, 1870, Rev. N. C. Helfrich was
called, and installed November 3d, 1870. The
pastoral relation between Rev. Mr. Helfrich
and his church, was dissolved in October, 1874.

Rev. Faris Brown became stated supply, Sep-
tember loth, 1875, and November 21st, 1876,
was installed as pastor, which relation he still
continues.

This congregation first worshiped in a small
frame house, and in the year 1839, a brick meet-
ing house, 45x65, was built at the west end of the

town of Norwich, which stood until 1852, when
it was replaced by the present frame structure.

The following is a list of Elders, with date of
installation :

1828. Robert Miller, John Jamison, John
Wycoff", William McLaughlin.

1841. Jacob Glessner, John Miller.

1854. Prestly Hastings, Ezra Lyle, James
Day.

1861. Robei't Dain, Robert Buchanan, Geo.
Miller.

1872. Alfred Taylor, A. M. Glessner.

The following is a list of Deacons, with date
of installation :

1854. Robert Dain, Andrew Geyer, Leslie
Armstrong, Joseph Sellers, James Hastings.

1861. Prestly McCloud, James Gibson^

1872. C. F. Glessner, Jesse Wortman, Ben-
jamin Wortman.

The present number of members is one hun-
dred and eighty-five, the child having outgrown
the parent church.

During the fifty-two j^ears of its history, this
church has had four pastors and fourteen ruling
Elders.

NORWICH UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This chuixh was organized June 8th, 1862, by
a committee appointed by the Presbytery, con-
sisting of Rev. G. W. Goudy and Elders Joseph
Harper and Samuel Lee.

The original members were, Samuel Hadden
and wife, and John, their son, Joseph White and
Jane, his daughter, John Henderson and wife,
with their sons, Clark and John A., and JuHa,
their daughter, William Walker and wife, Mrs.
Ray, and Richard, her son, James Hastings afld
wife, John M. Lorimer and wife, Mary and Jane
McWhorter, Robert Young and wife, with his
son, William, and daughters Eliza, Mary Ann
and Nancy, William Wilson and wife, and
daughter, Mary, Dr. McCandless and wife,
Matthew Cherry and wife, S. P. Moore, Mary
Ann Moore, EHzabeth Moore, Robert Moore
and wife, and John J. White and wife.

The ruling Elders were Samuel Hadden, John
Henderson and William Walker.

The first pastor was Rev. J. R. Boyd, who
was succeeded by Dr. David Paul. Rev. S. M.
Hutcheson served a short time, and was suc-
ceeded by Rev. W. S. Harper. In June, 1878,
Rev. E. A. Huston was installed as pastor, and
still officiates.

In 1863, a church was erected on lot 11, in the
town of Norwich; a frame, 40x50, at a cost of
$1,800. Maximum number of members in 1879,
was one hundred and nine.

Present officials — Ruling Elders, Joseph
White, William Thompsorf, Dr. R. M. Bainter,
David Young, J. R. Starrett, Samuel Hadden
and William Walker.

Deacons — John Lorimer, Joseph White and
John Cherry.

Trustees— J. G. Starrett, J. A. Henderson,
Findley Richie, R. G. Young and John Nixon.

422

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

SCHOOLS.

The first school in Union township was taught
by Nicholas Reasoner. He was no pedantic
pedagogue, who,

" With words of learned length and thundering sound,
Amazed the gazing rustics ranged around,"

But a man suited to the time and occasion, who
understood the needs of the hour, and strove to
fill a place that, without him, would have been
vacant, in the history of civilization.

The old school-house, a primitive affair, stood
on the southeast quarter of section ten, near the
old Wheeling road.

Rev. James Robinson was the next school-
teacher, and after him, came Rqbert^rdary, fol-
lowed by the Lorimers.

These rude cabins and primitive teachers have
long since passed away, but they have left an
impress upon the community not easily effaced.

In the year 1820, a Presbyterian Church was
erected on the southeast quarter of section ten,
on the land of John Reasoner, near the old
Wheeling road. This church was a frame build-
ing, forty feet square, and two stories high. One
of these stories was designed for, and used as an
academy, where the youth of the community
might receive more than a common school edu-
cation. This was the pioneer academy of east-
ern Muskingum. Who the teachers were, or
how long it continued in operation, is not now
known.

We next find an academy in operation in the
town of New Concord, under the superintend-
ence of Rev. A. M. Black. This school was
successfully conducted until it finally ultimated
in Muskingum College.

MUSKINGUM COLLEGE.

This institution occupies a beautiful location
just north of the village of New Concord, and
overlooks that town. The original act of incor-
poration is dated March 13th, 1837.

The first Board of Directors was composed of
Robert Wallace, Samuel Wilson, Benjamin Wad-
dle, Daniel McLane, Andrew Lorimer, John
Jami.son, John McKinney, John Hull, and Wil-
liam Findley. The ground for the building was
deeded to this Board and their successors in of-
fice, by William and Janet Findley, May loth,
1838.

The first building wrs erected during the sum-
mer of 1838. It was of brick, forty feet square,
two stories high, and cost $2,479. This building
was nearly destroyed by fire in 1850, and was
immediately rebuilt — the college classes reciting
elsewhere, in the inteVim.

In 1874, a new front was erected, forty by sev-
enty, making the entire building seventy by
ninety — large enough to accommodate one hun-
dred and fifty students — this last addition costing
ten thousand dollars.

The following is a list of those who have served

as Pi^esident of the college, and the term of their
service :

Rev. B. Waddle, from 1837 to 1838. *

Rev. S. Wilson, from 1838 to 1846.

Rev. D. A. Wallace, D.D. LL.D., from 1846
to 1848.

Rev. John Milligan, from 1848 to 1849.

Rev. Samuel G. Irvine, D.D., from 1849 ^o
1851.

Rev. Samuel McArthur, from 1851 to 1855.

Rev. Benjamin Waddle, from 1855 to 1859.

Rev. J. P. Lytle, D.D., -pro tempore.

Rev. H. P. McClurkin, \i.Y).,pro tempore.

Rev. S. B. Shryock, from 1861 to 1864.

Rev. David Paul, D.D., from 1864 to 1879.

Rev. F. M. Spencer, from 1879 to .

Seventeen students are reported to have been
in attendance the first year. During the present
year, one hundred and forty-eight have received
instruction, with an average attendance of about
one hundred. Besides the usual college curricu-
lum, this institution includes Hebrew, and pays
special attentiorf to music — both vocal and in-
strumental. The Scientific Coui'se now requires
four years of study, and the Classical, six years.

One hundred and eighty-six students have re-
ceived diplomas, one hundred and thirty-three
of these graduating in the Classical Depaitment.

Until 1876, the college was under the fostering
care of the several denominations represented in
the community. At that time, the entire man-
agement of the college was transferred to a
Board of Trustees, nominated by the Presby-
teries of Muskingum and Mansfield, of the Uni-
ted Presbyterian Church. Since then, twelve
thousand dollars of an endowment fund has been
raised, and it is confidently expected that it will
soon, by additional endowments, be placed upon
a firm financial basis.

The following persons constitute the present
Faculty and Board of Ti-ustees of the college :

Rev. F. M. Spencer, President, and Professor
of Hebrew, and Mental. Moral and Political
Philosphy.

Rev. J. A. Gray, A.M., Professor of Mathe-
matics.

T. H. Paden, A.M., Professor of Latin and
Greek Languages.

Rev. R. I. Miller, Professor of Natural Sci-
ences.

II. McCreary, M.D., Adjunct Professor of
Natural Sciences.

Mary Miller, A.M., Teacher of French and.
German.

Prof. S. T. Wallace, Principal of the Depart-
ment of Music.

Emma M. McClurkin, B.S., Assistant Teacher
of Music.

Board of Trustees. — Rev. D. H. French,
President, Mansfield, Ohio; H. McCleary, Sec-
retary, New Concord, Ohio ; S. Harper, "Treas-
urer, New Concord, Ohio ; W. H. Cockins,
Zanesville, Ohio ; W. Dickson, De Kalb, Ohio ;
Rev. T. P. Dysart, Utica, Ohio ; John Finney,
Mansfield, Ohio ; Rev. John Comin, D.D., Rix-
ville, Ohio ; Rev. J. P. Lyde, D.D., Sago, Ohio ;

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

423

R. B. Maxwell, Mansfield, Ohio ; James McKin-
ney, New Concord, Ohio ; Rev. J. W. Martin,
North Salem, Ohio ; Alex. Speer, New Concord,
Ohio; Rev. James White, Mt. Perry, Ohio;
Robert Wilkin, Londonderry, Ohio ; Rev. W.
Wishart, D.D., Ontario, Ohio; Rev. David
Paul, D.D., New Concord, Ohio; Colonel R.
G. Brown, Lexington, Ohio.

Executive Committee — F. M. Spencer, Presi-
dent ex-officio ; H. McCleary, M.D., Secre-
tary ; S. Harper, Rev. John Comin, D.D., Rev.
J. P. Lytle, D.D., Alex. Speer.

The following is a list of the graduates of Mus-
kingum College for 1880 :

Artemas M. Bogle, A.B., Mt. Perry, Ohio;
John K. Henry, A.B., Lancaster, Ohio; Me-
lancthon T. Huston, A.B., Mt. Perry, Ohio
Hugh T. Jackson, A. B., New Concord, Ohio
James A. Lawrence, A.B., Cambridge, Ohio
WilHam C. Kaden, A.B., New Concord, Ohio
Lou. M. Hadden, B.S., Norwich, Ohio ; George
W.Jennings, B.S., Norwich, Ohio; Frank L.
St. Clair, B.S., Cumberland, Ohio ; Miss Flora
J. Anderson, B.S . , Milnersville,Ohio ; Miss Anna
K. Comin, B.S., Rixville, Ohio; Miss Mary
M. Paden, B.S., New Concord, Ohio; Miss
Mary J. Shepherd, B.S., Freeland, Ohio.

Muskingum College has been fortunate in its
location, The people of New Concord, and vi-
cinity, are stanch, earnest friends of education,
while the morals and intelligence of the com-
munity are above the average.

NEW CONCORD GRADED SCHOOI..

This building was erected during 1878-79. It
is a neat and tasty structure; material, brick,
size, 40x70 feet. Two stories high, and contain-
ing four rooms, with a seating capacity for two
hundred pupils ; cost $8,000 ; attendance last
term, one hundi-ed and twenty. Principal, J. K.
Watson. Wages paid, fifty dollars per month
for the Principal, and thirty, and twenty-five dol-
lars, respectively, to the assistants.

Norwich graded school is located near the
Methodist Episcopal Church. The building is
frame, two stories high, twenty-four by forty-
eight feet ; built in 1874. James M. Starrett,
Principal. Wages, two dollars per day.

The first Sunday School was organized in
1827, at Norwich, by A. S. Ran. It was a
"Union" school.

Captain Samuel McCune held the first school
exhibition in Union township.

SOCIETY OF INQUIRY.

Norwich Society of Inquiry was organized in
January, 1878, and, as its title indicates, is one
of research into the hidden mysteries of science,
art, and'historic lore.

President— G. H. Miller.

Recording Secretary— J. L. Geyer, M. D.

Corresponding Secretary — George L. Foley.

Treasurer — R. Y. Young.

The officers of this society are gentlemen of
intelligence and energy, and the character of its

members is a sufficient guaranty of its future suc-
cess. Its motto should be : '■'■Ad astra fer as-
■peruni''' — to the stars through difficulties.

POSTOFFICES.

The first postoffice in the township was estab-
lished at the house of Colonel John Reynolds, on
the Wheeling road. He was succeeded by John
McDonald (familiarlj^ known as "Fox McDon-
ald").

When the stage route was transferred to the
National road, Mr. McDonald moved to Nor-
wich, and kept the first office in that town. He
lived, at the time, on lot nineteen, where the store
of C. C. Taylor now stands, in which the pres-
ent postoffice is kept.

Mr. McDonald was succeeded by Lewis Vir-
den, he, by Horatio Chandler. Then came
Hezekiah Maxfi eld, and John Tudor, followed
by L. D. Stone, 1861, and Dr. J. L. Geyer, in
1876.

Charles C. Taylor, the present incumbent, was
appointed April 23, 1880.

This office is in "class four."

A postoffice was established at New Concord,
in 1829, with Joseph McKinne}' as postmaster.
He held the office sixteen years, and was suc-
ceeded in 1845. by William McClain, who was
succeeded by Noble Kelly. Ichabod Drummon
followed him, in i860, and held the office until
May, 1864, when Joseph McKinney, the present
incumbent was appointed.

New Concord office, is a "money order office,"
and does a j^early postoffice order business of
$20,000. It ranges in "class four." Compen-
sation, $400.

Sundale postoffice was established at the rail-
road depot, near Norwich, in April, 1880. J. P.
Kelly, postmaster.

PHYSICIANS.

Dr. Baldridge was the first resident physician
in the township. He dates back to 1818.

After him came Dr's. Hull, Holsten, Berr}-,
Matthew McConnell, James D. Cunningham,
James Bell, and George W. Pi'ingle". These
practiced in New Concord. Bell left in 1869,
and Pringle died in 1876.

When Norwich was laid out in 1827, Samuel and
James Lorimer, brothers, built in the town, and
practiced there. Samuel died in 1833, and James
in 1834. Dillon and Strahl were also early prac-
tioners.

Dr. A. B. McCandless came in 1857, and left
in 1865. Dr. L. H. Gratigny came in i860, and
left the same year. Dr. Henry McCreary came
in 1866, and is still practicing at New Concord.

Dr. Joseph Moorehead, and John Law, were
practicing in Norwich, in 1867, but Moorehead
left in 1867, and Law in 1868. Dr's. Mitchell
and Shillito, also practiced in Norwich.

Dr. Joseph L. Geyer commenced in 1869, and
Dr. R. M.Bainter, in 1877. Both are still resi-
dents of Norwich, and enjoy a lucrative practice.
New Concord boasts an able corps of physicians.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Dr. Henry McCreary came in 1869, Dr. Isaac
W. Chisholm, in 1874, S. T. Storer, M. D., in
1878, ^nd Dr. W. W. Pringle, in 1879.

Allopathy is the only school of medicine rep-
resented in Union township.

MILITARY.

Joseph McCune served as a Captain in the war
of 1812, and distinguished himself as an aid to
General Harrison. He died at Otsego, Monroe
township, in 1838.

Isaiah Carr was also a soldier of 181 2. He
still resides on the old homestead, on the north-
east quarter of section five, in the enjoyment of
the proper uses of his mental faculties.

Samuel Cummins, another veteran of 18 12, re-
sides on the National road, one mile west of the
town of New Concord, and at the age of eighty-
nine, still lingers on the shores of time, waiting
for "taps."

UNION TOWNSHIP VOLUNTEERS, 1 86 1 -5.

Company A, Fifteenth Regiment O. V. I. —
Captain, James C. Cummins ; First Lieutenant,
C. Reasoner ; Second Lieutenant, S. T. Storer.

Sergeants — T. Newton Hanson, A.S. Hadden,
Jas. S.Boyd, Jos. McKinney, Oliver S. Langon.

Corporals — James Dumer, William S. Scott,
Hugh M.Cox, John B. Galbraith, Charles W.
Bailey, Carson E. Madden, James Galiher,
WHiam H. Ogg.

Privates — Wm. Alexander, James W. Ander-
son, Levi Boyer, Benjamin B. Briggs, Joseph S.
Brown, Robert B. Brown, John Brown, James
T. Case, Jacob Campbell, Wilson Cavey,
Thomas B. Cherry, Matthew Cherry, John G.
Decker, William Dodds, Samuel Evans, William
Ferguson, Samuel B. Few, John D. Fleming,
Lewis Forsyth, Peter G. Gardner, George A.
Gardner, Hugh Gormley, John S. Gregory,
Samuel R. Guthrie, William Guthrie, Jesse
Hackett, James D. Hadden, Robert Hammond,
Johnson Hammond, Adam Hammond, Emmet
Hart, John Hartong, William H. Hatfield, Wm.
L. Henderson, James W. Howell, Lloyd H.
Jones, Jacob Krissinger, Benona Ledman, Jas.
Little, John Masters, John Mercer, John Mitchell,
Francis Mount, John W. McCrea, John S. Mc-
Kinney, James M. McKinney, Charles E. Mc-
Kinney, John A. McKinney, W. T. McKinney,
John A. Nelson, Samuel L. Patterson, John D.
Patterson, J. M. Patterson, James Paxton, Wm.
I. Permar, Thornas Ramsey, Samuel Rankin,
Charles L. Reeder, William Rice, William E.
Richey, Samuel Robb, Frank Schreiber, N. A.
Smith, William R. Stewart, Thomas W. Skin-
ner, R. W. Thompson, Jas. C. Thompson, Sam-
uel M. Thompson, W. B. White, Isaac B. White,
Harvey White, Josiah Whitaker, E. O. Wilhelm,
Samuel Williams, James Wilson, John W. Wil-
son, David Wilson, William Lee Wolf, Joseph
Wood, Isaac Wiley, G. Wiley, Convers Wiley.

The following is a list of Union Township
Volunteers who served in the Seventy-eighth
O. V. I.:

Joseph L. Geyer, M.D., Steward; Gabriel
H. Holland, James T. Caldwell, Jr., John B.
Dougherty, Hiram Moorhead, Charles S. Wi-
ley, John A. Henderson, Thomas Reasoner,
Henry Taj^lor, Henry S. Chambers, H. A. Mc-
Donald, First Lieutenant ; Alexander U. P.
Hagar, Second Lieutenant; Samuel H. Van-
kirk, (promoted to Captain) ; Benjamin F. Tu-
dor, William Gages, Philip Gibbons, William
Hadden, Samuel Taylor, Albert G. Gault, Wil-
liam P. Gault, Robert Hancon, (killed) ; Sam-
uel Plurrel, (died in prison) ; Levi Hammond.
Clinton Jenkins, Jesse M. Moorhead, Joseph
Moorhead, Joseph E. McKinne}', Joseph Reib-
ardine, John Stoner. (discharged foi- disability),
Solomon Urban, Joseph Vankirk, Wesley West,
Alfred Wymer, (promoted to Second-Lieuten-
ant), Lewis H. Wall. David Cherry, John A.
McKinney, Oliver P- Yaw, David R. Yaw.

AGRICULTURE.

Union township is essentially an agricultural
district, but has no organized agricultural soci-
ety. The surface is comparatively smooth and
easy of cultivation. The soil is producti\e, and
the farmers in good circumstances.

Wheat and corn were formerly regarded as
the staple articles of production, but of late these
have given way to wool and stock.

Fine wool is now the principal article of ex-
poi-t. Several fine flocks ot sheep are to be
found ; among them are Hadden's, Perkins', and
Wortman's.

The rearing of thoroughbred short-horned
cattle, ha» also received considerable attention.
Mr. James Perkins having on his farm quite a
number of " pedigreed and registei"ed '" animals.

The township is drained on the east by Crooked
Creek, on the south by White Eyes Creek, and
on the west by Self's Run. Springs are numer-
ous, there being no less than one hvxndred and
twenty-five springs in the township, and water
for stock abundant. The streams, however, are
small, not affording any available water power.

TIMBER.

The prevailing kinds of timber are : White
oak, black oak, red oak, rock oak, walnut, but-
ternut, poplar, hickory, maple, elm, gum, beech,
buckeye, sycamore, cherry, sassafras, iron wood,
dog wood, and mulberry.

MINERALS.

No minerals of consequence have been dis-
covered, and even coal has been but slightly de-
veloped.

■" '* ^flTp^ jvbi*

store of A. SPEER & SON, New Concord, Ohio.

In 1837, on the site of the present merchandise
store of H. H. Wilkins, Mr. Speer, a native of
Guernsey county, opened out as a dealer in boots,
shoes, clothing, and a general line of merchandise.
New Concord then boasted but a small population;
but the little country store around the corner pros-
pered, and its proprietor gradually accumulated a
share of this world's goods. In 1865 he bought a
third enterprise, the old Finley & Patterson grist

mill, of which he became sole owner in 1860. He
is still in active business, and justly ranks among
the most progressive business men of the place.
Since 1859, with the exception of time spent in
the United States service, as private and ranking
officer, S. Speer, son of the above pioneer, has been
associated with the house, in which he became a
partner in 1870.

store and D^;velIing of H. H. WILKIN, Ne-w Concord, Ohio.

The above-named gentleman ranks among the
leading merchants of New Concord. In 1875 he
located at the intersection of Main and Liberty
streets," having purchased a half interest with the
late Henry C. McDonald. Together they con-
tinued in a general merchandise business until
1878, when Mr. Wilkin purchased the entire
stock. From this time until the destructive con-
flagration of August, 1881, quite an extensive

business was transacted. The building formerly
occupying the present site was a substantial frame,
uninsured, and the fire proved a trying ordeal for
the young aspirant for commercial honors. Imme-
diately afterward, Mr. Wilkins completed on the
site of the ruins the present establishment.
Here, in his new and commodious quarters, he
solicits the continued patronage of his old custom-
ers, and kindly welcomes the new.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

425

BLUE KOCK TOWNSHIP.

REMARKABLY TRADITIONAL PAUCITY OF DATES

THE "OLD FEDERAL TRAIL" PIONEERS

FIRST THINGS TRADITIONS PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH FIRST GROCERY STORE PHYSICIANS

SMALL CHANGE FIRST ORCHARD SALT

WELLS TOWNSHIP FORMED ELECTION — OATH

OF OFFICE ADMINISTERED WHILE THE RIVER

FLOWED BETWEEN THE PARTIES TOPOGRAPHY

TIMBER WATER COAL FIRECLAY SALT

GEOLOGY SCHOOLS SUGAR GROVE M. E.

CHURCH SAWMILLS FIRST STEAM GRISTMILL

FRIENDS BLUE ROCK BAPTIST CHURCH

MILITARY RECORD BLUE ROCK RIFLEMEN

BLUE ROCK IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION

ROSTERS IMPROVED STOCK WOOL GROWING

FRUIT AGRICULTURAL RETROSPECT AGRI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY BETHLEHEM M. E. CHURCH

RADICAL METHODIST CHURCH TEMPERANCE

LECTURER REPRESENTATIVE MEN — JUSTICES

OF THE PEACE liOCKVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH — ,

SONS OF TEMPERANCE RURAL DALE KIEFER

OIL DEVELOPMENT TELEGRAPH PATRONS

OF HUSBANDRY 1. O. O. F. GAYSPORT OLD

SETTLERS YET LIVING.

There are some remarkable peculiarities con-
nected with the settlement of this township ; not
the least of which is the traditionary record, ob-
tained from reliable persons, but who fail to fix
dates to events that seem almost to suggest them.
Thus we find it necessary to speak, of first per-
sons, -places, and things, without regard to time,
since we have nothing positive on this subject,
where the dates do not appear. Then, it is re-
markable that so many prominent men should
find their way into an unknown region, when
the nucleus of settlements, that had been made,
still invited any who might be seeking fortune
and fame. But, it is more than likely, that the
keen eye of Daniel Convers, who can-ied the
first mail by canoe, on the Muskingum River, in
1798, from Mai-ietta to Zanesville, observed the
beauteous landscape, as he paddled by Blue
Rock, and communicated his views to those he
met with. Although "the oldest inhabitant"
does not date back of 1805, which indicates that
the wave of settlement moved slowly that way.

The following traditions are deemed suffi-
ciently reliable to introduce them in evidence :

The first mail carried through Blue Rock was
by canoe, on the Muskingum River, by Daniel
Converse, in 1798, the route extended from
Zanesville and back.

The first local mail was carried on horseback,
from Zanesville to McConnellsville, by Timothy
Gates.

The first mail coach, between the- same points,
was driven by Zadok Burdick ; and to dispose of
the subject of mails we will add, that there are
three postoffices in Blue Rock township, at this
time ; one at Gaysport, named Blue Rock ; one
at Kiefer, in the northeast quarter of the town-
ship, and one at Rural Dale.

The first frame house was built by Caleb Hall,
near Rural Dale.

The first stone house was built by Joseph Mc-
Lees, in section twelve, and is now occupied by
Thomas McLees.

The first brick house was built by Caleb Butler,
on section twenty-eight. The second, bj' John
Trimble, on section twenty-seven ; both are now
occupied by their descendants.

The first orchards were set out by Levi
Reeves, the Silveys, Dutros, Findleys, and New-
kirks.

The first surveyed road was from Finney's mill,
on Salt Creek, to the present site of Rural Dale.

The first bridge was built across the mouth
of Dry Ripple Run, near the "Old Federal
Trail," which ran from Wheeling to Limestone
(now Maysville, Kentucky), entered Blue Rock
township in the northeast corner, on the property
of James White, and passsed through the south-
ern portion of the township, crossing the Mus-
kingum River at the Big Blue Rock, on the
property now owned bj" W. E. Bozeman.

David Dutro and Dr. Baker settled on sec-
tions five and eight, on the east Bank of the
Muskingum River, in 1805. Samuel Dutro
(son of David) occupies the old homestead.
Sarah Dutro, born December 8, 1805, was prob-
ably the first child born in the township. Sam.-
uel Dutro (son of David) is the oldest living
inhabitant born in the township.

The first marriage was that of Stephen Reeves
to Mary Briggs, April 7th, 1803 ; the ceremonj^
was performed by L. Allwine, Esq.

The first tavern was kept by Lawrence All-
wine, just above Gaysport, in 1810. The second
was by John Larrison, in Gaj'sport, and the
third by Dr. Sears.

The first graveyard was on the property owned
by Tobias Dilley. Among those sleeping there
are: Elizabeth Baker, who died in 1811, and
this being the first, files the date of beginning of
this silent village ; then we noted the names of
Amanda Newkirk, Mahala Wallace, a child of
Wm. Wallace, and Maria Dillon. The next bu-
rial place was on land now owned by T.W. Allen.

Benjamin Lee, and wife, married in 1815.
Mr. Lee was in his ninetj'-eighth year when this
was gleaned.

The first blacksmith was probably John Bird.
His shop was on land now owned by Frederick
Osborn, near Rural Dale.

The first wagon-maker was David Dutro.

The first shoemaker was Robert Silvej-.

The first wheelwright was Jesse Thomas.

The first wooden plow-maker was J. Rev-
enaugh, Sr.

The first stone mason was John Davis.

The first chair maker was James Burroughs.

The first distiller was Absalom Roberts.

The first tanner was Thomas White.

The first cabinet-maker was Joshua Crum-
baker.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

There was an organization of this denomination
that had a stone building erected on land owned
bv Jos. Wallace, Sr. The members were Jos.

426

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Wallace, Sr., John Thompson and wife, Samuel
Milhouse and wife, Joseph McDonald and wife,
James White, Sr., and wife, Thomas Finney
and wife, and Mrs. Reed. The society has no
regular organization.

STORES.

The first grocery establishment was kept by
John P. Farrell. The first general store was
kept by Rufus Putnam. The first store and
warehouse at Gaysport, was built by Moses
Reeves.

PHYSICIANS.

The first was Dr. Baker, who came to this town-
ship in 1 805, and settled on the property now owned-
by Tobias Dilley. He was succeeded by Dr.
Sears, and about 1830, Dr. Flanders came, and
in 1836, Dr. Clapp came, and after him came
Dr. McNeal. This is a traditionary record, and
just what part these sons of Galen played in the
drama, besides administering physic, is not re-
corded. Dr. McCall came to Gaysport in 1844.
Dr. Coverdale practiced at Ridgeway, in 1836,
and Dr. Wilson, at Rural Dale, in 1837. There
was a Dr. Hull in this region, also, but when,
and just where, is not known.

Dr. Smith practiced at Rural Dale from 1842,
to 1852, and Dr. Register from 1851, to i860.
Dr. Krapps came to Rural Dale in 1853, and
practiced there until 1865. Dr. Lewis flaworth
was here. Dr. Macomber came to Rural Dale
in 1858, since which time the following physi-
cians have succeeded each other : Dr's. Cooper,
Kennedy, Jennings, Axline, and Leeper.

In 1850, Dr. J. J. Carlow located in Gaysport,
and is still there. He has had, as colleagues,
Dr's. Baughman, Hatfield, and Ward.

Small change in Blue Rock, in earlj? times,
was made by cutting silver dollars into as many
parts as was needed for convenience, but seldom
into more than five parts. The half dollars were
divided into four parts, and the quarter dollar
into four parts. This money they called "sharp
shins," because of its cutting its way through the
pockets, in a few days, if carried. This was be-
fore the institution of banks, or the conveniences
now known to the money world.

The first orchard was planted in 1816, byjohn
Finley. The farm was purchased in 1818, by
Robert Silvey, a native of county Down, Ireland.
He died in 1869, and the farm is now owned by
Daniel Chandler.

The first salt wells in this township were sunk
by the Ayers faynily, in a very early day, followed
by Silas Stebbins, Milton Silvey, and others.
AH of these enterprises have been abandoned.

FORMATION OF BLUE ROCK TOWNSHIP.

December 3d, 1810, the Commissioners' jour-
nal contains the following :

"A petition was presented fi-om a number of
the inhabitants of the township of Salt Creek,
praying for a division of the said township of
Salt Creek, which was granted, and ordered to
be recorded by the name of Blue Rock township,
and that a copy of this division be handed to the

Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas." — [Com-
missioners' journal, pages 44 and 45.]

There seems to have been no record of what
territory was taken from Salt Creek township,
and it does' not appear what territory constituted
Salt Creek township. Blue Rock township is
bounded on the north b}^ Salt Creek township,
on the south by Morgan county, east by Meigs
township, and west by the Muskingum river.
The name of the township was suggested by a
Blue Rock, on the west bank of the i-iver, at the
mouth of Blue Rock Creek.

The first election was held at the house of
Lawrence Allwine, just above Gaysport, Janu-
ary 6th, 1814. The first officers were : Justices
of the Peace, Lawrence Allwine and Joseph
Smith ; Trustees, Eli Sherman, James Larrison,
and Daniel Boan ; Treasurer, David Dutro, Sr. ;
Overseers of tlie Poor, Jacob Ayers and Peter
Dingman ; Fence Viewers, Samuel Johnson and
William Eviland : Supervisors, John Larrison
and Daniel Bean ; Constables, George Watson
and James Larrison ; Lister, Jacob Ayers ; Clerk,
Lawrence Allwine. The commissions of the
Justices are dated January 13th, 1814, and are
signed by R. J. Meigs, Governor.

At one time, when James Larrison was elected
Supervisor, Robert Finley was the officer to
notify him of his election and administer the oath
of office. He started for Larrison's, but the Mus-
kingum river, which was between them, was too
deep for fording, and no boat being at hand, he
was about to return, when Larrison came in
sight, and Finle}' notified him by hallooing, and
then directing him to hold up his right hand, he
administered the oath of office across the water,
and it was accepted as binding. This was, per-
haps, the first legalized swearing done across the
water I

The number of votes polled in Blue Rock town-
ship, in 1817, was thirty. The number in 1880,
'was two hundi-ed and eight}-. The elections are
held at the town house, which is situated on the
southwest quarter of section fifteen, near the
centre of the township.

The officers in 1880 were as follows:

Justices, Costen Betz and W. E. Bozman ;.
Trustees, Harry Echelberrj', Jonathan Bird and
Joseph Peyton : Clerk, Abdallah Carlow ; Treas-
urer, John W. Mohler : Constable, Asa Gay, Jr. ;
Assessor, Wm. Harlan.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The surface of Blue Rock township is very
hilly, some of the hills being six hundred feet
above low water level in the Muskingum river.
The soil, with few exceptions, is clay. In the
southern part of the township, especially in the
vicinity of Rural Dale, limestone is abundant,
and, like all such regions, it is well adapted to
grain raising, and wheat is raised in abundance
in this locality. Fruit of many kinds does well
also. In the northern part of the township,
where clay predominates, and there is little lime-
stone, the region is not so fertile.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

427

TIMBER.

This township has a first claim to being con-
sidered well timbered. The tulip tree, otherwise
called poplar, finds a congenial home here ; fine
specimens haj^e grown in several parts of the
township, some~^ measuring five and six feet in
diameter. And that remarkable tree not often
spoken of by its genus, nor understood when we
say it is of the genus juglans, or, more precisely,
juglans nigra, termed by the Welsh — in whose
country it was highly regarded — "wealth-knut,"
and that has proven such a source of wealth to the
cabinet-maker of this country — I mean the black
walnut — has been found here in its most mag-
nificent proportions. Maple, having the beauti-
ful curl in its fiber, and sugar-maple, beech and
hickory, with now and theii a grand old syca-
more, make up the forests so beautiful. Sonie
of the latter, on the banks of the Muskingum
river, not far from Gaysport, are yet waving
their graceful branches and inviting the traveler
to their delightful shade.

STREAMS.

The Muskingum river runs along the entire
western boundary, and several small streams
empty into it. The principal one. Dry Ripple
run, heads at Rural Dale, and finds its outlet at
Gaysport ; Man's Fork of Salt Creek has its
source on James Wallace's farm, on section
twenty-three, and, coursing north, leaves the
township, on the land of Mrs. R. Ward, on sec-
tion four. The eastern portion of the township
is drained bj' Meigs creek, the principal branch
of which heads at "Blossom Farm." Kent's
creek cuts across the extreme northeast corner
of the township.

COAL.

Two localities, the " Blue Rock" and the
"Cumberland," have been worked to some ex-
tent. No coal is exported.

IRON.

The brown hematite variety is quite abundant.

SANDSTONE AND FIRE-CLAY.

Several fine seams of sandstone, well adapted
for building, and excellent for grindstones, are
found. Fire-clay, of good quality, is abundant.

SALT.

Nathaniel Ayers put down the first salt well in
this township. It was near the site now occu-
pied by the residence of Robert Gay, in the vil-
lage of Gaysport, in the year 1822 ; and during
this year, another well was sunk at Gaysport, by
Ramey & Turner.

Samuel Culbertson's well, by John Thompson,
■near James Finley's, was sunk in 1825.

The well above Gaysport, known as the "Ab-
salom Roberts" and, later, as "The George Mc-
Clure Salt Works," was bored by Silas Stebbms
and Absalom Roberts, in 1824, to the depth of
five hundred and seventy-two feet. The average
jield of salt at this well was ninety barrels per

week. "This well contained gas, and blowed
regularly every five hours." The works were
run by Mr. McClure until 1869, since which time
no salt has been manufactured in Blue Rock
township.

"The Morrison well was bored by Silas Steb-
bins, in 1826, and produced one hundred and fifty
barrels per week until 1863.

GEOLOGICAL.

A geological section, taken near Confederate
Cross Roads, in section three. Blue Rock town-
ship, is as follows :

Feei. Inches.

1. Limestone, clay, and iron ore 1 0

2. Shale 15 0

3. Fossiliferous limestone, Ames limestone 1 2

4. Laminated sandstone 30 0

5. Blossom of coal

6. Laminated sandstone 20 0

7. Shale, bituminous 4 0

9. Coal 2 0

10. Under-clay

The lower coal in this section is mined for
neighborhood use. Near Rural Dale, in the
same township, the following section was taken :

Feet. Inches.

^ 1. Laminated sandstone 10 0

2. Buff limestone 2 0

3. Shale 40 0

4. Whitish limestone 1 0

5. Shale 18 0

6. Whitish limestone 2 0

7. Shale , 27 0

8. Black slate 0 6

9. Coal, Hunter's bank 3 0

10. Clay 3 0

11. Nodules of limestone....

12. JSTotexposed 58 0

18. Limestone 3 0

14. Shales, mostly 54 0

15. Bluish limestone 2 0

16. Notexposed 69 0

17. Sandstone 10 0

18. Shale 40 0

19. L'mestone, fossiliferous, Ames limestone 2 0

20. Blueshale 10 0

By the barometer, the Hunter's bank was four
hundred and twenty-seven feet above low water of
the Muskingum river, at Gaysport. The coal is
mined for local use, and held in high esteem.
The seam is the same as the Cumberland seam,
and is found at its proper horizon, in Athens,
Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Guernsey, Bel-
mont, and other counties.

In this township, many wells were bored for
petroleum, during the oil excitement, in 1864,
and perhaps earlier.

By reference to the section taken near Rural
Dale, it will be seen that the fossiliferous lime-
stone in the deep valley is the Ames limestone.
This limestone stratum extends through Morgan
and Athens counties. In both counties, oil, in
considerable quantities, has been found, in strata

428

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

lying from seventy to one hundred and fifty feet
below this limestone. I have been unable to ob-
tain any authentic records of borings in Blue
Rock township, but it is probable that whal oil
was obtained there came from proximately the
same geological horizon. During the progress
of the survey, it has been found that the rocks to
the east of this township have a western dip. I
regard it as probable that the oil in Blue Rock is
found along a synclinal line, where the eastern
dip meets the western dip referred to. Of late
years, very little attention has been given to the
production of oil in this township. — [Geological
Report, 1873, vol. I, pp. 341-2 ; E. B. Andrews,
Assistant Geologist.]

PIONEER SCHbOLS IN BLUE ROCK TOWNSHIP.

The first school was on the river, as early as
1815. The next, was a Union'school, embracing
Rich Hill, Meigs, Salt Creek and Blue Rock
townships, and was situated in Rich Hill town-
ship, on Levi Brady's place. This school house
was built about 1819. The men who interested
themselves in the school were, Rich Hill, John
All, Joseph Starrett, Sr., and William Forsyth;
Meigs, Llewellen Pierce, Esq., Jesse Fentpn and

Mr. Haden ; Salt Creek, William and

Phillip Howell ; Blue Rock, Frederick Wion,
James Starrett, Sr., and William Echelberry,
Sr. The teacher was Thomas McCoid.

Those who attended this school, have all gone
to that bourn whence no traveler returns, ex-
cept Mrs. Marshall Stultz, of Zanesville, Peter
Wion, James and Joseph Starrett, Polly Fenton
and Mrs. Jane Wilson.

The next was a Union school, of Blue Rock,
Meigs and Salt Creek townships ; the site was
on land now owned by Peter Wion ; the Trus-
tees were, William Echelberry, Sr., Llewellen
Pierce, Esq., and James StaiTett. This school
house was built in 1821. Among the teachers
were, Erastus Hutchings and Thomas Fry.

There was a school on Jesse John's land, in
1821 ; taught by Jesse John and others.

The next school was a union effort for Blue
Rock and Meigs townships, on land occupied by
David E. Mitchell ; this school house was built
in 1824. The Trustees were, Jacob Onstat,
Jacob Starrett, Sr., and Henry Onstat. The
teacher was Thomas Thornsburg, an Irishman
of considerable learning, and greatly respected
by all who knew him.

There was also a school on George Stewart's
land, as early as 1824. The first teacher was
Joseph Webster.

The next school was on James Starrett's land ;
the house was built in 1828, by John GrindstafF,
William Echelberry, James Starrett, Josepli Mc-
Lees, Benjamin Lee, John Davis, C. Brady,
Jonas Shaver, Sr., John Ward, Peter Clapper,
John Frazier, Thomas Smith, Jonathan Smith,
Quinton Bain, Frederick Wion, David Selix,
Patrick McCully, Samuel Nicholson, John Plu-
cher, and Alexander Tucker.

The teachers were. Major Davis John, Dr.
John Dar and Alexander Tucker.

In 1830, there was a school on Enoch Har-
lan's place ; the teachers were William Worth-
ington, Erastus Phillips, and others. Phillips
was a celebrated grammai-ian ; there was a
small school in connection with the Blue Rock
church, perhaps as early as 1827. The teachers
were, Jeremiah Argo, James Dui'bry, David
Emley, Thomas Starrett, and others.

The free school system was being inaugur-
ated, and a small sum had accrued, but not
enough to defray the expenses of a school, and
an additional tax of sufficient to meet the in-
debtedness, was levied pro rata on the patrons
of the school.

The next school was on Joseph Starrett's place,
near Ridgway, or Keifer. This school house
was considered a fine aflair ; it was built by John
Ward, a contractor, in 1833 ; among the teachers
were, Nathaniel Carlow, Alexander Tucker,
William Hizer, George Briggs, Hannah Starrett
and Anna Hale. This school was the parent of
the three schools in northeastern Blue Rock,
numbered respectively, one, two and six. There
were pei^haps half a dozen school houses in this
township, but no legend or tradition concerning
them furnishes the date or place of their existence ;
the onljr tradition is that they were of the prim-
itive log, with puncheon floor and slab seat style,
with one end for a fire place, and greased paper
for "window-lights." And the legend goes,
' ' their first book used to read out of, was the
Bible ; with the alphabet pasted on a paddle for
the little folks, also used in spelling." These
were succeeded by Dillsworth's speller and the
"English Reader," followed b}- the United
States Speller, Webster's Speller, The Elemen-
tary Speller and the Columbian Orator, as a
reader. The standards on mathematics, were
Dillworth, Pike and Slocum.

The qualification to teach, was to be able to
read write and cipher, in the latter, as far as the
double rule of three, inclusive ; and to ask ques-
tions in Grammar and Geograph}^ There were,
however, those who knew more, indeed were re-
garded as fine scholars, who engaged in teach-
ing. And in those humble school houses, some
of the noblest minds were developed ; some, who
have wielded a powerful influence for good in
this world, and some who have doubtless gone
to sit at the feet of the Master, in the Paradise
of God.

In 1880, there were in Blue rock township,
nine good frame school houses, in good repair,
with modern furniture and the needed appli-
ances, furnished under the free school system.
Three of these, to-wit: at Rural Dale, Gays-
port, and number six, in northeastern Blue Rock,
are regarded as very fine houses. The school
houses of to-da}', nine in all, have a powerful
influence in behalf of education.

SUGAR GROVE M. E. CHURCH.

Sugar Grove M. E. Church had its inception
in the class which met at John Grindstaft's house,
in 1817. Prominent amongthose who met there
were, Levi Reeves and wife, John GrindstafF

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

429

and wife, Eli Shearman and wife, Jacob McLain
and wife, Jacob Lindsej'- and wife. In 1826, this
class numbered eighty members, perhaps the
largest class that ever assembled in that capac-
*ty, and too large for the house, so they divided
into two classes, of forty members each ; one,
continued to meet at the same house, with John
Ward as class leader ; the other, met at the
house of Jacob McLain, in Salt Creek tow^nship,
with Eli Shearman as class leader. The pastors
were. Rev. Levi Reeves and old Father Carins,
of Wayne township. " The circuit rider at the

time, was Rev. Morris, afterwards a

Bishop." The result of these two classes, was
the formation of the vSugar Grove M. E. Church,
in Salt Creek township.

SAW MILLS.

John Trimble built the first saw mill, just below
the present village of Rural Dale, in 1820.
Samuel Culbertson built the first steam saw mill,
on the land now owned by W. E. Bozman, in
1827.

The first steam grist mill, was built by Worstel
Brothers, at Gaysport, in 1872.

The first hand mill was built by Levi Reeves,
in 1816.

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.

The Society of Friends built a meeting house
on the land of Enoch Harlan, in 1821. They
next built on land owned by Warner Mowhor-
ter. This society, has no organization at this
time.

THE BLUE ROCK BAPTIST CHURCH.

We are not informed who gathered the little
band together, that formed this church ; the tra-
dition is, that they met from house to house, and
prayed and sang praises together, for some
years. This appears to be corroborated by the'
following narrative: "Father Benjamin Lee
had given the beautiful piece of ground in con-
nection with this church, for a burying ground,
free to everybody as long as taken care of and
used for that purpose. The first death was
Emily Lee, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lee ; she
■died in 1822; the second, was Eva Wion, wife
of Frederick Wion, who died December ist, of
that year ; the third, was Nancy Lee, daughter
■of Benjamin Lee, who died January 20th, 1824."

Che first Baptist who preached in Blue Rock
township, was Rev. Henry Pringle, at the house
■of Jesse Johns, in 1822. Rev. George Russell
was the second. He preached at the same place
■on Easter 'Sunday, in 1823. Rev. Levi Culver
was the third. He -preached at several places in
the neighborhood, when a council was held at
the house of John Revenaugh, on the 25th of
July, 1828, at which time and place. Blue Rock
Baptist Church was organized.

The original members were as follows :

William Echelberry, Frederick Wion, Peter
Wion and wife, Benjamin Lee and wife, John C.
■Guist and wife, Robert Revenaugh and wife,
■Gleason Brady and wife, Samuel Revenaugh,
Catharine Revenaugh, William Roberts, Jane

Roberts, Lorena Roberts, Mary Roberts, Thos.
Wear, Catharine Wear, Nancy Blair, John Rev-
enaugh, Jane Revenaugh, Elizabeth Wion, and
Lydia Mace.

William Roberts was the first deacon, and his
wife, Jane Roberts, was the first person baptized
in this society. On the following Sabbath, after
the organization, being July 27th, the Lord's
Supper was administered for the first time. Soon
after this, a log house, thirty by fifty feet, was
erected. This house was used for a church over
twenty years.

Levi Culver was the first pastor ; he continued
in that relation until his death, having had the
care of the church eight years.

After Mr. Culver's death. Rev. Enoch Rector
was called, as a supply, and continued in that ca-
pacity till May, 1840, when Rev. Reuben Burk-
ley was called, who continued to act as -pastor
until his death, which occurred two years after.
Rev. Benjamin Blake was next called, and re-
mained two years, when Rev. Abel Johnson be-
came pastor. May i, 1844, and officiated two
years. The next pastor was ^ev. J. B. Sinclair,
who was called in June, 1846, and remained with
the church about three years.

In January, 1858, Rev. B. Y. Seigfried was
called as pastor, who remained one year, then
Rev. Thomas Shepherd took chai-ge of the flock.
The next pastor was Rev. James Herbert, whose
pastorate lasted seven years.

It was during the incumbency of Rev. Her-
bert, that the new church vyas built. It was a
frame structure, forty by forty feet square ; com-
menced in 1854, and finished in 1855.

Lewis Madden was called to the charge of the
church in 1859, ^^'^ continued about one year,
when Rev. E. W. Daniels was called, December
I, i860. W. A. Robinson succeeded Daniels in
1869, followed by Rev. J. W. Dunn. Rev. J.
W. Herbert again became pastor, after Dunn ; he
being followed by Rev. J. P. Hunter, the pres-
ent pastor.

MILITARY RECORD.

The liability to do military duty, in case of
emergenc}^ was not altogether a figure of speech
in early times, as every school boy knows. The
fii-st companj'- mustering was done at Chandlers-
ville ; and the first regimental mustering was at
Zanesville. The first military organization in
Blue Rock, was in 1822, and consisted of about
thirty militiamen. The first Captain was Willis
John ; the second, Thomas McCoid ; the third,
Joseph Starrett.

The Blue Rock Riflemen was the next organ-
ization, formed in 1835, ^^^ composed of fifty
able bodied men. Joseph Stai-rett was their first
Captain ; James Millhouse was First Lieutenant ;
Dr. Coverdale, Second Lieutenant. Millhouse
succeeded Starrett as Captain. Their uniform
was a blue coat, white pants, felt hat, with white
plume tipped with red, and green tassel on the
hat. They were not uniformed, however, until
1838. The musicians were as follows ; Drum-
mer, Roderic Oston— also Drum Major ; Fifer,

430

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

James Thompson. This company and five oth-
ers, formed a regiment. The Colonel was
Charles Gebant ; Major, Joseph Starrett ; Adju-
tant, Noah Grindstaff ; Quartermaster, Marshall
Stultz ; Paymaster, T. Drenon Cooper ; Surgeon,
Dr. Forbi'ush.

Colonel Charles Gebant was killed in the bat-
tle of Winchester, Virginia. He was a true sol-
dier, and loyal patriot ; a good disciplinarian and
great commmander.

THE PART THAT BLUE ROCK TOWNSHIP TOOK IN
THE WAR, AND MORGAN'S RAID.

In July, 1863, the rebel leader, John' Morgan,
invaded Ohio, and, crossing the Muskingum river
below the Eagleport dam, passed through the
south part of Blue Rock township. This brought
the war too near home, and her citizens were
made to feel the necessity of doing something to
put down the rebellion. Accordingly the cry,
" to arms I to arms !" rang out, and on the 5th
daj' of September, the following officers wei"e
elected to lead on to victory, or death, the val-
liant sons of Blue Rock. Captain, Henry S.
Finley ; First Lieute'nant, John Craps ; Second
Lieutenarrt, John W. Frazier ; commissioned
September 18, 1863, by Governor Tod. They
spent a short time in mastering the manual of
arms, and were assigned as "Company E, Ninety-
first Battalion." Cyrus Reasoner, Lieutenant
Colonel. They received orders to rendezvous
at Zanesville, and on the 2d of May, 1864, were
consolidated with a Perry County battalion,
which created a surplus of officers ; and under
organization, this company was designated as
Company "I", One Hundred and Sixtieth
Regiment Ohio National Guards, Henry S. Fin-
ley, Captain ; Henry Bellinger, First Lieu-
tenant ; Stuart Speer, Second Lieutenant : Cy-
rus Reasoner, Colonel; and on the 12th of
that month were mustered into the United
States service to serve one hundred days. They
were equipped, and started for the front on the
13th, and joined General Hunter's command at
Cedar Creek, in the Shenandoah Valley ; thence
to Woodstock, Martinsburg, Maryland Heights,
•and the region lying between these places, en-
during great fatigue. After wading the Poto-
mac, on the 7th of July, while supporting three
pieces of artillery, amid theroar of musketry and
cannon, Josiah McLees went down, witli a rifle
ball through his hips ; Captain Finley had his
right arm disabled, and manj' were wounded ;
some others, mortally. The regiment did duty
on the Heights during the remainder of its term,
and returning to Zanesville, was mustered out
on the 9th day of September, 1864; each mem-
ber received a roll of honor, signed by Edwin M.
Stanton, Secretary of War, and by the President,
Abraham Lincoln.

[The data for the foregoing was kindly furn-
ished by B. R. Cowen.]

The following is the muster roll of Company
"E," Ninety-first Battalion, Ohio State Militia,
which was organized in Blue Rock township,
September 5th, 1863 :

Officers— ^Henry S. Finley, Captain ; John
Craps, Fii'st Lieutenant; Joseph W. Frazier,
Second Lieutenant.

Privates — Austin, Jonathan D. ; Barr, Geo.
Bird, J. W. ; Betz, Costen ; Butler, J. C.
Bowers, William ; Bird, M. B. ; Bird, Josiah
Barr, John J. ; Crawford, Matthew ; Colman
Moses ; Clapper, George H. ; Colman, Samuel
Coverdale, L. N. ; Close, H. M. ; Chilcoat
Robert ; Carlow, J. J. : Dempster, Albert ; Dutro
Francis M. ; Davis, George ; Dover, John W.
Dutro, John F. ; DutrOj Samuel ; Dover, Hanni-
bal ; Dingey, Elijah ; Dover, Elias H. ; Echel-
berry, Davis ;Echelbery,Geo ; Frame, ElishaH. ;
Frame, Elijah J. ; Finney, Andrew ;Finney, Wm ;
Frame, John ; Fox, Wm. O. ; Frazier, CassiusC. ;
Gossage, William F. ; Gander, Thomas ; Gay,
William S. ; Harlan, J. H. ; Harlan, J. M. ;
Hyser, Jefiferson D. ; Homman, Wm. ; Haworth,
Stephen L. ; Harlan, Enoch ; Herbert, James ;
Hartman, John ; Hall, C. H. ; James, Andrew;
Jones, Franklin; Kirk, Lewis: Lee, Joseph;
Logan, William L. ; Larue, William ; Legg,
George ; McRoberts, Hugh ; McLees, Thomas ;
McLees, Josiah; Monroe, Peter; McCann,
Thomas ; Miller, William A. ; McLees, J. S. ;
Morrison, Samuel C. ; Mitchell, James ; Mohler,
John W. ; Mawhorter, Israel ; McClain, Perry ;
McDonald, James ; NefF, Benjamin ; Osborn,
Frederick ; Osborn, Joseph ; Osborn, Samuel :
Osborn, Hamilton ; Peyton, John Q^ ; Peyton,
Rile}^ ; Peden, J. T. ; Peyton, Torrence ; Pile, I.
N. ; Reed, Davis ;Reed, Moses ; Reed, Johnson ;
Reed, G. S. ; Starrett, John B. ; Smith, James
E. ; Sigearz, Alfred ; Shilling, James ; Starrett,
Charles ; Scott, Eli : Taylor, John B. ; Trimble
John ; Ti-imble, S. H. ; Taylor, John C. ; Taylor,
W. W. ; Wallace, Hamilton ; White, William
W. ; White, Isaiah M. ; White, Michael E. ;
White, George E. ; White, Samuel T.

The following is the muster roll of Captain
Henry S. Finley, Companj;^ "I," One Hundred
and Sixtieth O. N. G., which was Mustered at
Zanesville, Ohio, for one hundred days.

Officers — Henry S. Finley, Captain, (wounded
at Maryland Heights, July 7th, 1864) ; Henry
Dillinger, First Lieutenant ; Stewart Speer,
Second Lieutenant.

Sergeants — Peter Monroe, First Sergeant ;
Davis Reed, Second Sergeant ; Eli Scott, Third
Sergeant ; Lemuel Coverdale, Fourth Sergeaijt.

Corporals — Riley Peyton, George W. Echel-
berry, John Trimble, John C. Taylor, Isaiah M.
White, (died July 5th, 1864, at Frederick City,)
WilHam W. Taylor, Joseph Osborn, Isaac H.
Harlan.

Privates — Ayers, Lycurgus C. W. ; Brown,
Abram L. ; BaiT, George ; Bird, Isaac W. ; Betz,
Casten ; Barrett, Joseph ; Chandler, Wesley I. ;
Coverdale, John ; Christy, Perry L. ; Dutro,
John F., (died June 20th, 1864, at Martinsburg,
Va. ;) Dutro, Francis M. ; Davis, George E. ;
Dover, John W. ; Dingey, Elijah ; Doherty,
Wesley; Echelberi-y, Perry; Echelberry, Wm. ;
Echelberry, Joseph ; Frame, Elijah J. ; Finney,
Andrew ; Gander, Thomas ; Gillogly, Henry H, ;

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

431

Gay, John C. ; Hammond, William; Haworth,

Stephen L. ; Hall, Caleb H. ; Huffman, Jacob

Heistand, John ; James, Andrew ; Kr'aps, Wm.

Leap, Nicholas ; Lee, Joseph : Lyons, William

Lepaye, Thomas ; Legg, George W. ; Miller

William A. ; Morrison, Samuel C. ; Mawhorter

Samuel C. ; Mawhorter, Israel ; McLees

Thomas M. ; McLees, Josiah, (killed July 7th

1864, at Maryland Heights ;) Moore, William

McConaghey, John ; Neff, Benjamin ; Osborn

Samuel ; Osborn, Hamilton ; Pierce, David

Pierce, Jesse ; Pierce, Manly ; Rittenhouse

William; Reed, Johnson; Reed, George S.

Smith, David U. ; Smith, Nathan L. ; Smitley

Horace ; Starrett, Charles ; Smith, James E.

Smith, Charles W. ; Smith, Thomas S. ; Taylor

John B. ; Trimble, Samuel H. ;Whitesel, Phillips

Williamson, Abram R. ; Woodburn, James

White, George E. ; Swartz, John R. ; Soliday

Isaac ; Shoemaker, John ; Looker, William

Lines, R. D. ; Whitesel, Washington.

********

I certify, on honor, that this muster roll is cor-
rect, and that the men have been duly mustered
in accordance with the mustering regulations, for
the period pf one hundred days.

Signed: H. E. Hazen,

Second Lieutenant Eighth Infantry,

Mustering Officer.
Zanesville, O., May 13, 1864.

IMPROVED STOCK.

For many years the farmers of Blue Rock
township paid their chief attention to the culture
of wheat, as the staple article of export, but be-
gan to give some attention to improved breeds of
stock. The first thoroughbreds were a pair of
Durham cattle, introduced by John Trimble, in
1828. This was a diversion, however, and
slowly followed. Mr. Trimble was followed by
S. McCune, andtheir joint efforts soon made a de-
cided impression on the improved stock of the
township. James McCune (son of Samuel) now
possesses one of the finest herds of thoroughbred
stock to be seen in southeastern Ohio.

WOOL GROWING.

Wool growing, however, is the principal busi-
ness, all other interests giving way to it. The
improvement in sheep commenced about 1845,
by Messrs. Talley, Trimble, and others, intro-
ducing French Merinos from Vermont ; they
brought fifty head. J. B. Millhouse, and others,
introduced the Spanish Merinos, and from these
efforts a great revolution has taken place.
Wilkes E. Bozeman has given the wool growing
interest a fresh impetus by his zeal and success
in the business.

FRUIT.

The principal fruit growers in the township
are : Jesse D. Hall, Joseph Starrett, Thomas Mc-
Lees, and Isaac Gander.

AGRICULTURAL RETROSPECT.

The high standpoint among the enterprising
farmers of to-day, renders the retrospect to the

time of wooden mould-board plows, instead of a
few short 3'ears, a vast period of time ; indeed, it
seems almost incredible that the pioneei's of this
region had to depend on such rude implements,
when now every device for the most successful
agriculture, with the least outlay of force, is avail-
able by every one. The important strides of
improvement caused the farmer to unite with his
neighbor, for fear his neighbor would know the
most, and hence, to secure this, the}^ formed the
Agricultural Society, in the year 1858. E.J.
Trimble was President, and E. H. Talley, Sec-
retary and Treasurer. They held the first fair
on the grounds of W. T. Talley. The second
fair was held on James Trimble's place ; and the
third at James Findley's, on the river bottom.
These fairs were eminently successful, doing
much to stimulate a spirit of improvement. The
outbreak of the rebellion, however, caused a
cessation of their labor during the period of the
war, and such havoc was made that some of the
hitherto inspiring spirits have not rallied to this
standard again.

BETHLEHEM M. E. CHURCH.

Bethlehem M. E. Church is situated on George
Stewart's land, who gave also a beautiful site for
a graveyard. The graveyard was inaugurated
before the church, by the burial of Mrs. Catha-
rine Wear, who died in 1828. The church was
not built until 1830. The members at this time
were : Jeremiah Argo, and wife, Samuel Nich-
olson, and wife, Roderick Oston, and wife, John
Coverdale, and wife, Michael E. White, and
wife, " Father " Winrod, and wife. Jeremiah
Argo was a licensed class-leader, and exhorter.
Levi Reeves was the first local preacher. This
society moved to Rural Dale, and grew
into its present proportions.

RADICAL METHODIST CHURCH.

This was the third church formed in the town-
ship, and located on land owned by William
Betts. The prominent members were William
Betts, and wife, Dr. Coverdale, and wife, Peter
Clapper, and wife. Hiram Sherman, and wife,
Henry Crawford, and wife, Margaret Barber,
and daughter, and Ehzabeth Gibbons. Dr. Cov-
erdale was exhorter, and William Betts was class-
leader. The first regular preachers, were :
Rev's. Linder and Whitney. This church was
moved to a site on Henrj' Crawford's land, and
a good frame chuixh erected ; this house is there
yet.

TEMPERANCE LECTURER.

John W. Bear was the first temperance lec-
turer in Blue Rock. His early education had
been neglected, and his youth spent at the forge -.
with such opportunities, we do not find tlie power
derived from mental culture associated ; and yet
he had a spark of nature's fire that made him a
power on the platform, which he soon discovered,
and forsook his anvil for the forum. As a tem-
perance lecturer he was very successful, that is,
in drawing houses, but not being himself tern-

432

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

perate he weakened his efforts by his inconsis-
tency. Although he was styled a temperance
lecturer, his attention was mainly drawn to poli-
tics, and, as " a stumper," the Buckeye Black-
smith was sought after by office seekers. He
was born in Pennsylvania, and came here in an
early day and worked at his trade, at which he
was counted a skilled workman. It is said of
him, after he took the platform, that he believed
in " moral suasion," and a favoite saying with
him was, "wean the calves and the cows will go
dry themselves." Politically, he was a Demo-
crat, until after hearing noted speakers at the
convention that met at Columbus, in 1840, and
nominated William Henry Harrison as the Whig
candidate for President of the United States, at
which time he became a Whig, and to illustrate
his change of mind he turned his coat inside out,
and appeared on the platfqrm, declaring his
change in political sentiment, and it is said he
made one of the ablest speeches of the Conven-
tion. " He told them why the West should
nominate' General Harrison for President, and
elect him, and they believed him ; he told them
he was the celebrated Buckeye Blacksmith from
' Blue Rock,' and he was loudly cheered. And
after stumping the State of Ohio, under appoint-
ment of the Central Committee, he was sent to
Pennsylvania, his native State, where immense
crowds gathered to hear him, and so great was
his power of oratory that his opponents said,
* this is no illiterate man, but a well educated
man passing himself off for a Buckeye Black-
smith;' whereupon. Bear replied, 'to-morrow,
at the town I speak at, bring on my stand or
forum, a full set of blacksmith's tools, such as a
good blacksmith would use, and I will turn and
finish a complete horse shoe at one heat, ready
for driving, which generally takes two heats, or
more.' The crowds came the next day to see
the Buckeye Blacksmith, who was on hand, and
completed the shoe with one heat, as he had saia,
and cast it down before them to look at, while it
was still red hot ! "

The tide in the affairs of men is not always to
the haven of prosperity and safety, and Jolm
Bear, through intemperance, passed into obscu-
rity.

REPRESENTATIVE MEN.

This might include almost every man who has
lived in Blue Rock township, but the caption is
used to designate those who served in Legisla-
tive Halls.

Major Davis John was a Representative in the
Legislature of the State of Ohio in 1842, and
made an enviable record.

John Trimble was a member of the House of
Representatives in 1844, ^"^^ ^^so won to himself
a good name.

E. J. Trimble, son of John Trimble, was a
member of the House of Representatives in f 859,
and did honor to his sire.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

John Thompson, after two terms of acceptable

service, was promoted to be County Commis-
sioner, which responsible position he held two
terms. He was succeeded by Jonathan B. Mill-
house, who served as Commissioner two terms,
and was succeeded by Robert Silvey, Jr., who
served two terms, and passed into the Treasurer's
office, which he held two terms. There were
no "third termers" among them.

POSTMASTER.

Major W. S. Harlan, having served his coun-
try during the Rebellion, has since been the ac-
ceptable Postmaster at Zanesville.

ROCKVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH.

Rockville Baptist Church was organized on
the thirteenth day of August, 1844, under the
shade of a large forest oak, on the summit of the
hill south of Rockville, near where the present
meeting-house stands.

The membei's composing the Council called
for its organization, were from Blue Rock, Wind-
sor, Rich Hill, Bristol, and Four Mile, churches.
The sermon was preached by Rev. William
Stone, of Columbiana county, Ohio, from Dan-
iel xliv, 22, after which sixteen persons with let-
ters of dismissal from Blue Rock Church, were
duly organized into a separate church.

The names of these membei^s were as follows :
James and Elizabeth Burris. John and Lorenzo
Gossage, George Bird, Jesse and Joanna John,
Sarah Scott, Letitia John, Eleanor Burris, Maria
Scott, Sarah Harlan, Phebe Briggs, Rebecca
Frame, and Hannah Bird.

Abel Johnson was chosen first pastor, and
Jesse John, Clerk ; George Bird, first Deacon,
ordained October 20th, 1844.

Rev. Abel Johnson concluded his ministr)' the
first Sabbath in October, 1850. During his pas-
torate, the church attained its maximum mem-
bership— one hundred and nineteen.

Rev. J. Chambers acted as a supply- for a short
time, and, on the 6th of April, 185 1, Rev. T. M.
Erwin was called to the pastorate, and officiated
until May 15th, 1857, when Rev. J. Herbert was
called, who continued mitil June 25th, 1859.

■On the 23d of July, 1859, Rev. Lewis Mad-
den was called to the care of the church, and
remained one vear.

In January. 1861, Rev. E. W. Daniels took
cliarge of the church, and ministered to the con-
gregation until March 4th, 1870.

June 2Sth, 1870, Rev. J. Herbert was called,
as a supply, and remained until June 24th, 187 1,
when Rev. W. A. Robinson was called to the
pastorate, and resigned, February 25th, 1873.

Rev. J. W. Dunn was called to the care of the
church, June ist, 1873, and resigned, December
26th, 1874.

Rev. H. H. McLaughlin became pastor in
April, 1875, ^'^^ I'esigned, August 21st, 1875.

Rev. J. Herbert was again called, Februarj^
26th, 1876, and his resignation took place May
26th, 1879.

October 25th, 1879, ^^v- J- P- Hunter, the
present pastor, was installed.

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TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

433

The pastors of this church are all. living at the
present time, except Lewis Madden.

Eight Deacons have been chosen, as follows :
Caleb Hall, George Bird, Thompson Robinson,
Isaac Peairs, James Trimble, William Roberts,
and T. L. Elwell. The four latter are the pres-
ent Deacons. C. H. Trimble is Clerk, and
James Trimble, Treasurer. T. L. Elwell has
been licensed to preach, and is the present Su-
perintendent of the Sabbath School.

Present membership of the Church is seventy.

SONS OF TEMPERANCE. *

Rockville Division of Sons of Temperance,
No. 585, was organized at Rockville, May ist,
1849, by WilHam Logan, J. P. Smith, Samuel
Harlan, A. Hoopes, and D. T. Johnson. The
Division continued until 1852 in a prosperous
condition, ^yhen it began to decline, and closed
its laboi's in December of that year.

RURAL DALE.

This village is situated on the southwest quar-
ter of section twent}'^-six, on land owned by Sam-
uel Millhouse in 1828, and was laid out by J. B.
Millhouse in 1854, ™ost of the houses having
been built previously, the first one by George
Gibbons as long ago as 1816.. This building is
still there.

The name of the village was originally Rock-
ville, but was changed to Rural Dale at the time
the postoffice was established there. The first
store at this place was opened bj^ Briggs &,
Kearns in 1836, and the first tavern about the
same time, by William Kirk. The village con-
tains two stores, one wagon shop, one black-
smith shop, one shoe shop, one saloon, a church,
a postoffice, and one hundred and ten inhab-
itants.

KIEFER.

This beautiful hamlet is situated on the north-
east quarter of section eleven. When it was
laid out it was called Ridgeway, and bore that
name until the Postmaster General found the in-
habitants wanted a postoffice, and, in order to
avoid confusion in mail matters, he recommend-
ed them to change the name. The postoffice
being inaugurated, the name was changed to its
present name, in honor of General Kiefer ; and
it is altogether likely that it will prove worthy of
the promotion to postal honors, and of the new
name. "Great oaks from little acorns grow."

OIL DEVELOPMENT.

Mr. J, J. Starrett informs us that the spring to
which the early settlers resorted, for oil, was on
William Smith's land, on Kent's run. They se-
cured the oil, which floated on the surface of the
water, by brushing it into a vessel, with a feath-
er. This oil was obtained for home use. It was
in this run that Benjamin Crane & Co. first
bored for oil, in i860. They struck oil, but gpt
their tools fast, and had to leave them, and they
are there to this day.

The oil excitement on Man's Fork creek was
in 1866. Here, also, was the famous Woodbury
well, yielding, it is said, a hundred baixels per
day. There were other wells — the Gray Eagle,
Coquette, Pee Wee, California, and Clover
Creek — yielding from twenty-five to seventy-five
barrels of oil per day.' Prices for land "^were
wild.- The Boi-der farm sold for fifty thousand
dollars. Father Peyton sold fourteen acres of
ground for fourteen thousand dollars, in cash.
Business points sprang into'existence ; trade was
lively ; work, abundant ; w^ges, good ; and mon-
ey, plenty. A thousand men scattered over our
hills and dales, and the ring of a hundred drills
could be heard at once. A large, wooden tavern
was built, for the accommodation of boarders ; a
saloon and a grocery were opened, and every-
thing seemed moving. But the bubble burst
when the oil was found to be too light to pay for
getting and preparing for use, and the excite-
ment died out, as the trade failed. There are,
however, several companies operating for oil at
this time, on Kent's run and Man's Fork creek —
the Can- Bros., Gorby, Tally & Co., Maher &
Co., and others. Abram Linn has never aban-
doned his oil well, but pumped it, and made it
pay, and, more than anyone else, has kept the
oil trade alive.

William M. Carr submits the following infor-
mation in regard to oil :

"As early as 1819, oil was taken from a spring
by Martin Smith, on his farm, located in the
northeast corner of Blue Rock township, in
quantities of a gallon at a time, daily. It was
then used for medical purposes, and people came
from a distance to get it. This was the first nat-
ural oil spring discovered in America. The first
oil well drilled in this country was on Smith's
farm, in 1861, and was located near the oil
spring alluded to. The second development was
made in January, 1866, on the farm now known
as Nathaniel McDonald's, situated forty-five de-
grees west of south from Smith's spring (in this
township) ; here oil was struck at a depth of one
hundred and eighteen feet, that produced sixty
barrels per day for six months. This was known
as the Woodberry well. A short time after this,
a well was located a half a mile north, and east
of this, on the Rees Fox farm, and after being
drilled seventy-eight feet, a column of oil and
water, four and one-half inches in diameter gush-
ed forth, spurting into the air in a column seven-
ty-five feet high, which continued with great
force, and a noise that could be heard half a
mile distant, for many days ; this was known as
the Cagua well.

*'The next important well was on the Fi-ed.
Shaver farm,, three-quarters of a mile northeast
from the Cagua well. Oil was found at the depth
of one hundred feet, and the pumps put to work,
which, to the surprise of the owners, yielded two
hundred and forty barrels per day.

"The excitement consequent on these wonder-
ful discoveries was intense, and thousands of dol-
lars changed hands daily. Men seemed unable
to buy or lease land fast enough, even at the in-

434

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

flated price of $i,ooo per acre. The royalty to
land owners sold for fabulous sums. Shipment
was made to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the near-
est point for refining, and the report came back
that the oil contained so little illuminating prop-
erty (only thirty per eent. of carbon oil) that
they could not compete with the Pennsylvania
oil ; so that all wells producing less than five bar-
rels per day were then abandoned ; while large
wells were paying handsomely, even at the low
price ; but their production failed shortly after
the abandonment of the small wells ; or rather,
the entire business was I'educed to two
wells, which were operated steadily till the spring
of 1878. Why this great flow should cease was
an exciting inquiry. The answer is found that
the oil being found in ''oil sand," was not per-
manent, because the sand w^is not penetrated
deep enough, or the oil sand was not deep
enough. The theory of oil men, in Pennsyl-
vania, is that the oil is the product of what is
termed 'oil sand,' in certain quantities. The
first wells in Muskingum County penetrated the
oil sand but a few inches ; the second wells were
drilled standing full of surface water ; while the
oil wells in Pennsylvania are drilled through the
oil sand. The surface water is excluded from
the well while drilling, by the use of wrought iron
casing, and the torpedoes of nitro-glycerine are
exploded in the body of the oil sand. The chief
cause of failure in Muskingum county, was the
entire absence of a knowledge of oitsand. They
believed that they had found the oil in a tight
rock, encased in a crevice, and invariably stop-
ped drilling when the oil was first reached. It is
now settled by practical demonstation, and pre-
cedent, that the oil filters through a porous sand
rock ; and to produce it in given time, the oil
sand must be found in sufficient thickness, drill-
ed through, and then properly treated. This
theory is sustained by the "Oil City Derrick,"
a paper of well known sagacity and veracity,
and devoted to the oil interests ; vide a few quo-
tations :

"Clintonville, Pa., March i, 1879.

Special to Oil City Deeeiok by Western Union Telegraph.

"Surrena No. 2. — We got through the sand
this evening ; had eighteen feet of nice sand ;
the hole is full of oil ; she made one small
flow this afternoon ; it has scarcely any third sand
gas ; she will probably be a forty barrel well."

"Cole Creek, Pa., September 19, 1879.

Special to Oil City Derrick, by Western Union Telegraph.

"Painter & Tack's well. No. 4, on their lease
just south of town, is about thirty feet in the sand.
It will make one hundred and fifty barrels."

"Bradford, Pa., February 19, 1880.

Special to Oil City Dekbiok.

"Lockhart & Archibald struck on Rixford's
farm, Saturday, and are now forty-seven feet in
the sand, and flowing through the casing. It
will start at fifty barrels or more."

"And many more of the same kind, showing

that this theory is maintained by statistics. The
observations made from the "Derrick" statistics
are : "Fifty feet of sand is a deep sand ; twenty-
five feet is a medium sand ; fifteen feet of sand
produces oil in paj'ing quantities. And where
there is less than eleven feet of sand, oil is not
produced in paying quantities."

"The second and last reason for the short life
of the Blue Rock wells, is found in this, that
when the non-paying wells were abandoned, the
tubing or pumps were removed in a manner that
permitted the surface water to flood them, and
thvis drive the oil from its original locality to a
point not penetrated by the drill ; and the owners
of the wells being inexperienced as to the cause
of the loss, felt compelled to abandon their wells."

In this abandoned condition the territory re-
mained, with the exception of two wells, which
yielded steadily in paying quantities for twelve
years, when, in 1878, William M. Carr, a gentle-
man of nine years experience in the great oil
fields of Pennsylvania, visited this i-egion and ex-
amined the condition, and came to the conclu-
sion that an oil belt one mile wide, and ten miles
long, existed in Muskingum Count}-, at about
one hundred feet below the earth's surface. So
confident was he, that he returned to Pennsyl-
vania and formed the company known as "The
Carr Oil Company," of Muskingum Count}-,
Ohio, composed of William M., H. B., and F.
A. Carr, all practical operators, with William M.
Carr as manager. They first secured a small
tract of land, and drilled one well in search of the
great requisite, "oil sand," which they found
equal to any oil sand in Pennsylvania, and of.
sufficient quantit}', if practically treated, to guar-
antee a large and lasting production. The com-
pany then secured all the territory within their
defined lines, within a period of eighteen months,
during which, William T.. Ford, George W.
Beatty, Gilbert Beatty, WilHam Dickinson,
F. Maher, William Thatcher, and several
other enterprising capitalists, connected them-
selves with the enterprise. The company then
procured the necessary machinery, including
drilling tools, and are engaged in developing the
belt, and feel sanguine their wells will produce
oil that will attract capitalists from our great
cities to Muskingum County. And that the
quality of oil will enable them to find a ready
sale, at remunerative prices.

TELEGRAPH LINE.

The telegraph line, from Zanesville to McCon-
nellsville, was erected in 1867, but the wire be-
ing galvanized, it went down, and was rebuilt
in 1880. An office was established in Gaysport,
in December, 1877, and is still nominally in oper-
tion, but very little. business is transacted in it.

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

Blue Rock Grange, No. 359, P. of H., was
organized at Rural Dale, Blue Rock township,
December 27th, 1873, by D. D. G. Master s'
H. Phipps.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

435

The first officers of Blue Rock Grange were
as follows :

Master— T. M. Allen.

Treasurer — E. W. Harlan.

Secretary^ — C. Frame.

The regular meetings of this Grange are held
the second Saturday of each month.

The whole membership since the organisation
has reached one hundred.

The present officers are as follows :

Master — Clarke Roberts.

Treastirer — Wm. B. Hunter.

Secretary — C. Frame.

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS.

Rural Dale, O., January 30, 1875.

A few thoughts iii regard to the institution
and progress of Rural Lodge , No . 1 5 7 , 1 . O . O . F . ,
by one who has followed its fortunes through sun-
shine and storm for the last twenty- four years,
may not, I hope, be void of interest to its mem-
bers.

At a session of the Grand Lodge, held at
Cincinnati, Ohio, in February, 1850, Brethren
J. P. Smith, W. A. Hawley, J. B. Milhous,
Abram Morrison and C. H. Trimble, made ap-
plication for, and were granted, a Charter for
Rural Lodge, and on June 13th, of the same
year, the Lodge was instituted by the then acting
Grand Master, William C. Earl, assisted by
brethren from Muskingum, Moxahala, and
Valley Lodges. Among the prominent ones,
the writer remembers, with warmth of feeling,
Bros. Thos. Purban, Silvers Porter and L.
Brenholts, of Zanesville ; James Gaylord, J. C.
Stone and others, of Valley Lodge.

The Charter members had onlj^ advanced as
far as the. Second Degree, consequently the
third, fourth and fifth Degrees had to be con-
ferred at the time of the institution of the Lodge.
The Lodge was instituted and declared ready
for work, when the following brethren were
elected and installed as officers, for the first
term :

N. G.— J. P. Smith.

V, G.— W. A. Hawley.

Secretary — J- B. Milhous.

Treasurer— C. H. Trimble.

There was received, by initiation, at the first
meeting, eight members, making the total num-
ber of members at the close of the first working
.session of the Lodge, thirteen.

The brethren went to work with a will. The
first term was continued until the first meeting
in January, at which time it had increased to
twenty members ; there having been received by
initiation, fourteen, on card, one, and withdrawn
by card, one.

'The officers elected and installed for the term,
commencing January, 185 1, were as follows:

N. 6.— W. A. Ha\yley.

V. G.— J. B. Milhous.

Secretary — C. H. Trimble.

Treasurer — Wm. T. Talley.

The Lodge continued to work, gradually in-
creasing in numbers, all the members taking the

degrees as fast as time would admit. We worked
then with a very primitive set of implements,
made by our ingenious brother, William Stirk.

There was received, by initiation, during this
term, sixteen ; and on card, one ; there being
none withdrawn, dismissed by card or expelled.
The total number of members at its close was
thirty-seven.

June 24th, 1 85 1, the following brethren were
elected to fill the offices for the next term :

N. G.— J. B. Milhous.

V. G.— C. H. Trimble.

Secretary— Henry McGuire.

Treasurer — Eli Smitley.

The Lodge thinking it unnecessaiy to have a
Permanent Secretary, there was none elected,,
though the membership had increased to thirty-
eight.

We ■ find that the percentage to the Grand
Lodge, for the previous term, was $18.27.
During the term ending January ist, 1852, there
were added to the membership of the Lodge, by
initiation, nine, and on card, three, making the
total additions, twelve.

The officers for the term commencing January
ist, 1852, were :

N. G.— C. H. Trimble.

V. G. — Gibbons Harlan.

Secretary — Joseph Dye.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

Permanent Secretarj? — J. P. Smith.

Brother Smith was the first Permanent Secre-
tary whom the Lodge elected. We here have
proof of the willingness of the brethren to work
as Secretary, the Lodge numbering fifty mem-
bers before any Permanent Secretary was elected^
the Recording Secretary doing all the work of
both offices, for the honor of passing the chairs.
Brother Silvers Porter was District Deputy for
the years 185 1 and 1852, and installed the above
officers. It was at this time that the Rebekah
Degree was introduced into the Lodge, and
during this term, was conferred on the greater
part of the brethren, and also, several of the
sistei's were introduced into the Lodge. April
27th, cards were granted to Bi^os. Casey and
Ray, for the purpose of instituting a Lodge at
Cumberland, Ohio. During this term, there were
added to the membership, by initiation, ten, on
card, none, withdrawn by card, four.

By reference to the minutes we find that the
chair was filled at every regular meeting during
the term, and also at three special meetings,
called for the purpose of conferring the Degree
of Rebekah.

For the term commencing July ist, 1852, the
officers elected were as follows :

N. G. — Gibbons Harlan.

V. G. — Joseph Dye.

Secretary — Enos. T. Hall.

Treasurer — ^Jaraes Trimble.

The officers for this term were installed bj' the
Deputy Grand Master, Porter.

There appeal's to have been nothing of partic-
ular interest occuring during this term. The

436

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

additions were, by initiation, five ; on card, one ;
expelled, one ; withdrawn, one.

At the election of officers for the term com-
mencing January ist, 1853, the Lodge chose as
follows-:

N. G.— Joseph Dye.

V. G.— E. T. Hall.

Secretary — G. W. Harlan.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — Samuel Harlan.
June 13th, of this year, the Lodge took posses-
sion of the hall which it now occupies, the build-
ing having been erected by brother J. B. Milhous,
and publicly dedicated to the use of the Order.
They also provided themselves with all the em-
blems necessary for a working Lodge. The
initiations were three. It was during this term
that brother W. A. Hawley w«s elected Repre-
sentative to the Grand Lodge of Ohio.

District Deputy G. M., David H. Mortley, in-
stalled the following as officers for the term com-
mencing July, 1853:

N. G.— E. T. Hall.

V. G.— G. W. Harian.

Secretary — E. I. Trimble.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

During this term, there was nothing of es-
pecial interest transpired in the Lodge, although
the membership had increased to about seventy.
There were added to the Lodge, by initiation,
nine ; died, one.

December 27th, the following brethren were
elected :

N. G.— G. W. Harian.

V. G.— E. I. Trimble.

Secretary — Samuel Harlan.

Treasurer — ^James Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — C. Frame.

During the week succeeding the election of offi-
cers for this term a gloom was cast over the Lodge,
occasioned by the death of Brother G. W. Harlan,
the Noble Grand elect. The resolutions adopted
by the Lodge demonstrate the fact that he was
held in the highest esteem by the members of
the Fraternity, and also by the community gen-
erally. January loth. Brother C. H. Trimble
was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the
death of Brother Harlan.

The officers installed for the term were :

N. G.— C. H. Trimble.

V. G.— E. I. Trimble.

Secretary — Samuel Harlan.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — C. Frame.

The Lodge moved along during this term
without anything particularly interesting occur-
ing, the additions being, by initiation, eight;
withdrawn by card, one ; died, one.

The officers installed for the term commenc-
ing on the 1st of July, 1854, were :

N. G.— E. I. Trimble.

V. G. — Samuel Harlan.

Secretary — Samuel McCune.

Treasurer — ^James Trimble.

January ist, 1855, ^^^ officers of the Lodge
were as follows :

N. G. — Samuel Harlan.

V. G. — ^Joseph Dye.

Secretar}^ — W. T. Talley.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — C. Frame.

January, 1856:

N. G.— W. T. Talley.

V. G. — John Krapps.

Secretary — S. M. Harlan.

Treasurer — ^James Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — William Logan.

January, 1857, Brother J. V. Ramsey, of
Valley Lodge, installed the officers elect, as fol-
lows :

N. G.— S. M. Harian.

V. G.— C. Frame.

Secretary — A. G. Harlan.

Permanent Secretary — C. H. Trimble.

January, 1857, Installation by Brother Mil-
hous, as follows :

N. G.— C. Frame.'

V. G.— E. .1. Trimble.

Secretary — Willam Finney.

Treasurer — James Trimble.

The officei's chosen and installed for the term
commencing January, 1858, were as follows :

N. G.— E. I. Trimble.

V. G. — William Finney.

Secretary — James Trimble.

Treasurer — S. M. Harlan.

Permanent Secretary — C. H. Trimble.

It was during this term, that a full set of em-
blems were procured, those which are now used
by the Lodge. We were called upon to part
with Brother William A. Hawley, one of the
charter members, during this term : he having
applied for, and received, a card of dismissal.

The officers for the term beginning Jul}'^, 1858,
were installed by Brother George Holliday, of
Valley Lodge, who was at, that time. District
Deputy Grand Master. There were chosen for
officers the following members :

N. G. — William Finney.

V. G. — ^James Trimble.

Secretary — John Trimble.

Treasurer — G. W. White.

During this term cards were granted to six-
Brothers, to form a Lodge at High Hill ; this
being the third Lodge which has been formed
from Rural.

During this term two were initiated, six ad-
mitted on card, and one expelled.

The officers for the term following the above
were :

N. G. — James Trimble.

V. G.— John Trimble.

Secretary— A. G Harlan.

Treasurer — George White.

The officers are now given for each year,
omitting Lodge work, and are as follows :

1859. Installation by D. D. G. M, of the
following officers :

N. G.— John Trimble.

V. G.— A. G. Harian.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

437

Secretary — William Logan.

Treasurer — G. W. White.

January, i860. Installation by D. C. Pinker-
ton of the following officers :

N. G.— A. G. Harlan.

V. G. — Daniel Border.

Secretary — H. W. Gri-ubb.

Treasurer — G. W. White.

July, i860.

N. G. — Daniel Border.

V. G.— H. W. Grubb.

Secretary — G.~W. White.

Treasurer — C. H. Trimble.

January, 1861. Installation by J. B. Milhouse
of the following officers :

N. G.— H. W. Grubb.

.V. G.— G. W. White.

Secretary — W. S. Harlan.

Treasurer — C. H. Trimble.

Permanent Secretary — John Krapps.

July, 1861. Installation by G. W. Welsh,

D. D., of the following officers:
N. G.— G. W. White.

V. G.— W. S. Harlan.

Secretary — Jacob Rutledge.

Treasurer — C. H. Trimble.

January 7th, 1862. Installation by D. D.
G. M. of the following officers:

N. G.— W. S. Harlan.

V. G.— Jacob Rutledge.

Secretary — ^James McCune.

Treasurer — J^ames Trimble.

Permanent Secretary- — C. H. Trimble.

From this date the names of the Noble
Grands are given, each having passed to the
chair in the regular way : Jacob Rutledge, G.
W. White, Samuel McCune, A. N. Jewett, A.
R. Starrett, W. S. Harlan, J. B. Milhous, Jos.
Reed, F. Cooper, Joseph Osborn, Joseph P.
White, A. G. Harlan, E. W. Daniels, Costen
Betz, J. T. Matchett, T. L. Elwell, C. C. Fra-
zier, L. C. Betz. During this term, January,
187 1, the Lodge purchased a full set of officer's
regalia, at a cost of $110. N. G's., continued :
Edward Miller, Joseph E. Peyton, James A.
Woodburn, Enoch Harlan, B. V. Woodburn,
A. Lynn, W. S. Parker.

We find that there have been taken into the
Lodge by initiation about one hundred and
.sixty members, and quite a number on card.
Of this number twelve have died, some have
left the Order, and many have withdrawn by
card and removed to other places.

We have furnished charter members for the
institution of four Lodges, viz. : Cumberland,
Wood Grove, High Hill, and Taylorsville. We
call to recollection the following who have been
removed from us by death :

Brothers G. W. Harlan, Eli Smitley, John F.
Briggs, L. S. Frazier, Lewis Young, Madison
Dye, John M. Sevall, John Trimble, George
Matchett, Samuel McCune, S. M. Harlan, and

E. I. Trimble.

The Lodge has made donations in small
amounts, for different charitable purposes,
amounting to $1,000.80, and have paid weekly

benefits amounting to near $1,500. The Lodge
has also paid funeral benefits amounting to three
hundred dollars, making the aggregate dona-
tions and benefits amount to about $2,800.
There were two brothers who were not entitled
to benefits at the time of their death, on account
of non-payment of dues.

The following is a list of members of Rural
Dale Lodge, No. 157, 1. O. O. F., together with
their rank and remarks :

J. P. Smith, charter member; died, 1872.

W. A. Hawley, charter member; died, 1873.

J. B. Millhouse, charter member ; withdrawn
by cai'd.

C. H. Trimble, charter member; remains a
member.

Abram Morrison, charter member ; dropped.
Samuel Harlan, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.
Eli Smitley, P. G. ; died December 31, 1853.
Geo. W. White, P. G. ; remains a member.
Alex. Clancy, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

W. T. Talley, P. G. ; remains a member.
Henry McGuire, P. G. ; dropped.
Gibbons Harlan, P- G. ; dropped.

D. T. Johnson, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.
Wm. West, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.
Wm. Stirk, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

J. T. Bird, Fifth Degree; withdrawn by card.

Ehos Smitley, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

J. W. Bird, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

Enos T. Hall, P. G. ; expelled.

W. P. Hall, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.

C. Frame, P. G. ;. dropped.

G. A. Alexander, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn
by card.

Joseph Dye, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

James Trimble, P. G. ; remains a member.

Abram Hoopes, P. G. ; dropped.

Jas. Finney, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.

John Reed, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

G. W. Harlan, V. G. ; died January 2, 1854.

John M. Roberts, V. G. ; dropped.

Madison Dye, V. G. ; died December 28,1860.

A. G. Harlan, P. G. ; remains a member.

John West, Filth Degree; withdrawn by card.

J. M. Sevall, Fifth Degre ; died November
13, i860.

Josiah Jackson, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card .

E. J. Dye, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.

Robert Young, Fifth Degree, withdrawn by
card.

L. L. Frazier, Fourth Degree ; died October
7, 1856.

Joseph Osborn, P. G. ; dropped.

Ezekiel McCune, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

J. D. Hall, Initiate; dropped.

C. H. Hall, Initiate ; withdrawn from Oi'der.
I. N. Pyle, Second Degree; dropped.

W. B. Hunter, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber. /

438

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

D. J. Harlan, Initiate ; dropped.
John Krapps, P. G. ; dropped.

A. N, Jewett, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

John Trimble, P. G. ; died October 25, 1866.

Daniel Jewett, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

Charles Hurd, Initiate ; dropped.

W. W. Roup, Fouxth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

Norris Hall, Second Degree ; dropped.

H. W. Carlow, on card ; dropped.

Samuel Ingram, Initiate ; dropped.

H. W. Gi"ubb, P. G. ; remains a member.

William Finney P. G., withdrawn by card.

Lemon Fouts, Fifth Degree ; expelled.

Filson Cooper, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

John W. Gray, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

A. J. Imlay, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

Philip Schaus, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

Nathan Jewett, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

J. P. White, P. G. ; remains a member.

J. W. Macumber, Fifth Degree ; dropped.

Jacob Peyton, Initiate; withdrawn by card.

Robert Whitehouse, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn
by card.

William Marshall, Initiate ; dropped.

Philip Denick, Initiate ; dropped.

J. S. Groves, Initiate ; dropped.

Peter Hoppstater, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

Jefferson Blazier, Initiate; dropped.

Peter Bussamer, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

A. Lyons, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

James Gallogly, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

John M. Finney, Initiate; dropped.

Davis Johns, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

Frank Umpenhour, on card ; withdrawn by
card.

John Denick, Second Degree ; dropped.

W. S. Harlan, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

A. R. Starrett, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

Jacob Rutledge, P. G. ; remains a member.

S. H. Trimble, Fifth Degree; remains a
member.

Joseph Matchett, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

Costen Betz. P. ,G. : remains a member.

E. W. Daniels, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.
T. L. Elwell, P. G. ; remains a member.
Thomas Allen, Second Degi-ee ; dropped.

J. H.White, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.

Peter Coss, Second Degree ; dropped.

Bishop D. Stahl, Second Degree ; dropped.

R. E.White, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by card.

Edward Miller, P. G. ; remains a member.

G. E. White, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

William Reed, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

J. W. Ruby, Fourth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

S. C. Lindsay, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

Daniel Meloy, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

N. S. Way, Fourth Degree ; dropped.

James A. Woodburn, P. G. ; remains a mem-
ber.

John Kennedy, Initiate ; withdrawn from Or-
der.

Riley Peyton, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

C. C. Frazier, P. G. ; withdrawn by card.

L. C. Betts, P. G. ; remains a member.

T. G. Lawrence, Second Degree ; withdrawn
by card.

Joseph E. Peyton, P. G. ; remains a member.

E. H. Daw, Fifth Degree ; remains a member.

Harry Echelberry, Second Degree ; remains a
member.

J. Q. A. Peyton, Initiate; withdrawn by card.

Milton F. Ward, Fifth Degree ; remains a
member.

T. C. Gander, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.

Hunter Hough, Fifth Degree : remains a mem-
ber.

A. M. Frazier, Second Degree ; dropped.

B. V. Woodburn, P. G. ; remains a member.

Gilbert Newell, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

Christian Hock, Fourth Degree ; withdrawn
by card.

Sidney WagstafF, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

Lewis H. Dutro, Fifth Degree; remains a
member.

George W. Gander, Fourth Degree ; with-
drawn by card.
. Orlando Ethell, Initiate; withdrawn by card.

Enoch Harlan, P. G. ; remains a member.

William H. Ethell, Fifth Degree; remains a
member.

James H. Gander, Third Degree ; remains a
member.

W. S. Parker, P. G. ; remains a member.

Zachariah Riley, Second Degree ; withdrawn
by card.

N. A. Smith, Fifth Degree ; remains a member.

A. Linn, P. G. ; remains a member.

Jacob Hall, Second Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

James Beardsley, Initiate ; withdrawn by card.
T. C. Hatfield, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

J. H. Harlan, N. G. ; remains a member.
S. L. Haworth, V. G. ; remains a member.
Warren Pitts, Second Degree ; withdrawn by
card .

W. A. Robinson, Fifth Degree ; withdrawn by
card.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

439

William Miller, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.
John Osborn, Fifth Degree ; remains a member.

D. J. Smith, Fourth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

J. T. Peyton, on card ; remains a member.
J. B. Taylor, Secretary ; remains a member.
S. H. Ross, Fifth Degree ; remains a member.
J. S. Baughman, ^Second Degree; withdrawn
by card.

E. C. King, Initiate ; remains a member.

James Hei'bert, Initiate ; remains a member.

J. A. Winder, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

Robert Reed, FouVth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

J. W. Monroe, Fifth Degree ; remains a mem-
ber.

William Harlan, Fourth Degree ; remains a
member.

John A. Blackson, First Degree ; remains a
member.

J. A. Brown, Fifth Degree ; remains a member.
G. B. H. Blackson, Initiate ; remains a mem-
ber.

E. A. Jennings, Initiate ; remains a member.

The greatest number of members was ninety-
five. The officers, when this history was gleaned,
were as follows: N. G., J. M. Revenaugh ; V.
G., B. F. Harlan; Secretary, Nathan Jewett;
Permanent Secretary, T. L. Elwell ; Treasurer,
C. H. Trimble.

The amotmt of funds and other property, be-
longing to the Lodge, is about twenty-five hun-
dred dollars.

GAYSPORT.

The site on which this village is laid out is
part of the northeast quarter of section twenty,
and was owned by Jacob Ayers. Asa Gay, Sr.,
bought the land of the Ayers heirs, and laid out
the town, March 20th, 1880, naming it for him-
self. It contains two stores, one hotel, one steam
gristmill, one blacksmith shop, one grocery, and
a postoffice. The population is about ninety in-
habitants.

HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The Historical Society, formed for the purpose
of aiding in the compilation of the History of
Blue Rock Township, and which furnished the
data herein contained, also report that the fol-
lowing persons live on the farms on which they
were born, in this township : Samuel Dutro, T.
N. Pyle, H. S. Finley, "D. Howard Proctor,
Howai'd Osborn, James Shilling, William Echel-
berry, Caleb H. Trimble, Miss Mary Lee, Miss
Rhoda Ward, Joseph Lee,' Edward Smith, and
Thomas McLees — all over fifty years of age. —
[Signed : Thomas McLees, Secretary Historical
Society, Blue Rock Township, April 27th, 1880.]

RICH HILL. TOWNSHIP.

GEOGRAPHICALLY TOPOGRAPHICALLY INDIANS

OLD FORT PIONEERS FIRST CABIN FIRST

FARM HOUSE ^^FIRST STONE HOUSE FIRST

BRICK HOUSE FIRST BIRTH— FIRST MARRIAGE

FIRST DEATH CEMETERY FIRST SCHOOL

FIRST BLACKSMITH FIRST STORE NO TAVERN

FIRST GRIST MILL FIRST SAW-MILL FIRST

PHYSICIAN ORGANIZATION WHO NAMED THE

TOWNSHIP NO RECORD OF THE FIRST ELEC-
TION TRADITIONAL ACCOUNT GIVEN OFFI-
CERS RIXVILLE AND ITS DIRECTORY — POST

OFFICES RICH HILL, M. E. CHURCH GOSHEN

BAPTIST CHURCH RIXVII^LE UNITED PRESBY-
TERIAN CHURCH RICH HILL BAPTIST. CHURCH

RICH HILL REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

MT^ ZION PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AGRICUL-
TURE SOIL PRODUCTS WOOL GROWING

FIRST ORCHARD IMPLEMENTS IMPROVED

STOCK.

Suggests the words of the poet —

" A gentle hill,
Green, and of mild declivity.
But a most living landscape ; and the wave
Of woods and corn fields, and the abodes of men,
Scattered at intervals."

Rich Hill township is located in the eastern
part of the county. It is bounded on the north
by Union township, and the militar}- base line ;
on the east, by Guernsey County, Ohio ; on the
south by Meigs township, and on the west bj^
Salt Creek township. It is a full Congressional
township, and contains thirt3--six sections, each
a mile square.

TOPOGRAPHY.

Although named Rich Hill, this township can
not be called hilly, as compared with some other
townships of the county. There is very little
land that could not be cultivated, if cleared.

Buffalo, and Williams Fork, of Salt Creek,
drain the western portion, while McKee's and
May's Forks, of Wills Creek, drain the eastei^n
portion of the township. Water is abundant,
and, although strongly impregnated with lime,
it is good.

No minerals of any consequence, except coal,
are found. A few coal seams have been opened,
but the deposit has not been sufficientlj- develop-
ed to determine its extent and quality.

LEAD.

That irrepressible "lead mine," in its pere-
grinations through the countrjr, has not failed to
visit Rich Hill township, but, unfortunately, its ex-
act location cannot, at present, be pointed out
by the "oldest inhabitant."

TIMBER.

The kinds of timber prevailing in this section
are, oak, in its different varieties : walnut, pop-
lar, butternut, hickory, chestnut, maple, in its
different varieties ; gum, elm, beech, buckeye,

44°

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

sycamore, cherry, iron wood, sassafras, dogwood,
mulberry, etc.

INDIANS.

During the spring of 1807, a band of Shawnee
Indians numbering about thirty warriors, was
. encamped on Salt Creek bottoms, near the house
of Abraham Warne. The white settlers had
cleared land and planted corn, and were appre-
hensive that the Indian ponies might destroy the
growing crops. They therefore waited upon the
chief, informed him of their dependence upon
their crops for the support of their families, and
their fears in relation thereto, and ended by ask-
ing him to remove his cafnp. HerepHed that he
would consult with the hunters when they came
in.

The result was, that they "folded their tents
like Arabs, and as silently stole away ;" leaving
the pale faces in full possessioft of their former
homes.

Would the white man have done the same?
"Ala§, for the rarity of Christian charity !"

THE OLD FORT.

On a point of land between the two branches
of Williams Fork of Salt Creek, and just about
the center of the northeast quarter of section five,
owned by T. W. Moore, is situated one of those
curious structures — the land marks of that mys-
terious people called mound-builders. It is a
military earth work of the defensive class. Its
form is nearly circular, being an irregular poly-
gon of twelve sides, the faces varying in length
from ten to twenty yards. The diameter of the
figure is seventy yards, and the circumference,
two hundred and twenty. The ditch has origin-
ally been about five feet deep, and the excavated
earth, thrown inward, must have raised the para-
pet eight or ten feet above the bottom of the
moat, forming an effective barrier to an approach-
ing foe. The works are at present overgrown
with forest trees.

PIONEERS.

A German by the name of Lawrence, with
his step-son, Leonard Stitchler, located on the
school section sixteen, in 1805. They are thought
to be the first settlers in Rich Hill township.

In 1806, Lewis Pierce, with his three sons,
Llewellyn, Jonathan, and Andrew, came from
Pennsylvania with Abraham Warne, John Moore,
William Robison, and John andNeal McNaugh-
ton. They landed at Duncan's Falls, May 12,
1806, and proceeding up Salt Creek, located on
sections nineteen, twenty, and twenty-nine, of
the present Rich Hill township — being town
thirteen, of range eleven. About the same time,
William Heri'on settled on the southwest quarter
of section eighteen.

Daniel Monroe, John Jones, John Reynolds,
Adam Shaner, William Ivers, and a man named
Crow, located on section sixteen, in 1807, and
Michael Hammond and Abraham Pollock, set-
tled on section one.

During 1808-9, Philemon Johnson, Hezekiah
Hyatt, and Israel Robinson came. Johnson was

a revolutionary soldier, and came from Vermont.

Caleb Monroe and Cleason Brady came in
181 1, and Thomas Brady and Thomas Elliott,
in 1812. The Spillmans, Dixons, Crawfords,
Givens, Sims, Aulds, Forsyth s, Gregorys, Fos-
ters, and St. Clairs, were also early settlers.

The first log cabin was built by Leonard
Stitchler, on section sixteen, in 1805.

The first frame house was built by Andrew
Howell, on the northeast quarter of section
twenty, in 18 19.

Neal McNaughton built the first stone house,
in 1827. Andrew Foster's stone house, built the
same year, is still standing.

The first brick house was built by James Cal-
houn, in 1828, where the hamlet of Rix Mills
now is. The house is not r\ow standing.

Samuel Gregory built the first frame barn, on
the northwest quarter of section two.

The first road surveyed through any part of the
township, was the Zanesville and Marietta road,
which passes through the southwest corner of the
same. The next was the Salt Creek and Guern-
sey road, from Chandlersville to Cambridge.
Thomas Brady says this road was surveyed in
1810.

The first birth in the township was that of John
Moore, in March, 1807. The next was Pierce
Warne, in August, 1807, who is still living
within sight of the place where he was born, and
is the oldest native resident of the township.
The oldest resident is Mrs. Sarah Gregory,
widow of Noble Gregory, who came to Rich
Hill in 1813. She is now in her ninety-fourth
year, and says she "never took a dose of medi-
cine in her life, and is still able to work."

The house of John Gregory, her grand-son,
with whom she resides, contains four generations
of Gregory's.

The first marriage was that of James Dixon,
to Ann Herron. The next was Caleb Monroe,
to Deemy Hyatt, in 1812.

The first'death was that of a little girl named
Elizabeth McNaughton ; the second, an old lady
by the same name ; the third, a man named
Martin. All buried on McNaughton's land,
in 1812.

The first public cemetery was established on
the southwest quarter of section nine, on land
leased of John Reynolds, in 1814. This location
being found unsuitable, on account of being too
wet, the cemetery was removed *to a lot located
on the line between sections nine and sixteen,,
now known as the "Methodist Graveyard."

Here lie buried many of the sturdy old pio-
neers, with their faithful companions beside
them. No "storied urn, or animated bust," but
a simple sandstone slab records :

" Their name, their years, spelt by the unlettered muse,
The place of fame and elegy supply ;
And many a huly text around she strews,
That teach the rustic moralist to die."

The first school was taught by John Jordan, in
the year 1814, in a little log school house, which

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TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

441

stood on the northwest quarter of section twenty,
near the present residence of Pierce Warne.

There are, at the present time, nine schools
within the bounds of the township. Their history
is not exceptional.

The first blacksmith in Rich Hill township,
was John Officer, in 1812. The next was a
James Crawford, in 1814.

The first store was kept at Rix's Mills, bj^ James
Calhoun.

At the present time there are four stores in the
township,viz. : Two at Rix's Mills, (which see)
one at Freeland P. O., b}-^ E. G. Warne, and
one on section twenty-three, by E. Hickman.

There never was a tavern in Rich Hill.

The first gristmill was built by Neal McNaugh-
ton, in 1818. It was built on the northeast
quarter of section twenty-nine, on the east branch
of Salt Creek, and contained but one run of
buhrs. Mr. McNaughton owned it twenty-one
years, and then sold it to Thomas Randolph,
who sold it to Jesse Hayden. While in posses-
sion of Mr. Hayden, it was burned down, and
never rebuilt.

The first sawmill was built by Abraham Warne,
in 1824.

James Calhoun built a gristmill at Rix's Mills,
about 1837. It contained three run of buhrs and
did a good business. It is still running, and is
owned by Mr. John Smith.

Dr. Daniel Bliss was the first to practice in
Rich Hill, but he resided in Salt Creek township.
It is not now known who was the first resident
physician.

Dr. W. D. McCreary is the practitioner at
present.

TOWNSHIP OliGANIZATION.

Rich Hill township was organized in 1815, as
the following "order" from the Commissioners'
journal attests :

"A petition was presented to the Commis-
sioners from a number of the inhabitants of Salt
Creek township, praying that they would incor-
porate the thirteenth surveyed township, in the
eleventh range, to be erected into a township,
called/and known as Rich Hill township, to which
is added the twelfth surveyed township, and that
part o^ the eleventh surveyed township, in said
range'( which lies in Muskingum county.

"Ordered by the Commissioners that the town-
ship be erected. — March 8th, 1815."

The^ownship was named, by John Reynolds,
Rich Hill, "because it was rich and hilly." '

No record was kept of the first election, and
it cannot now be gathered from the memory of
the "oldest inhabitant." All agree, however,
that the election was held at the house of Daniel
Monroe, on section sixteen.

Israel Robinson, a Justice of the Peace, lived
in Rich Hill when it formed a part of Salt Creek
township, and when Rich Hill was set apart he was
retained Justice for the new township. Esquires
Sims andMcVey were also early dispensers of
justice to the inhabitants of the new organization.

Abraham Warne was one of the first Trustees.

TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS.

The present board of township officers are con-
stituted as follows :

Justices of the Peace — Frank Richie and R.
L. Porter.

Constable — George Swingle.

Assessor — ^Joseph Paine.

Clerk and Land Appraiser — S. G. Cox.

Trustees— Joseph Echelberry, Robert Moore-
head, and C. W. McCutcheon.

Board of Education — Frederick Herron, Sam-
uel Pollock, S. U. Elliott, George Moore, Lan-
sing Acheson, Lee Warne, Henry Ledman,
John White, and E. G. Warne.

Supervisors — Lewis Robinson, William D.
West, Frank Nelson, Nathan Kirk, Samuel
McDowell, Lee Warne, George W. Cariens,
William Pearson, R. Tom, and Samuel Colville.

VILLAGES.

Rich Hill township contains no villages of
importance.

Rixville is situated in the ce^er of the north-
ern tier of sections in the township. It was laid
out by William Reynolds, in 1854, and contains
one church, (United Presbyterian) ; one grist-
mill, (John Smith, proprietor) ; two stores, (R.
A- Cockins, and J. N. Barnett) ; one physician,
(W. D. McCreary) ; two blacksmiths, (A.
Young and G. R. McGrath) ; one saddler, (W.
K. Ramsey) ; one tailor, (C. C. Hillman) ; one
milliner, (Mrs. Young).

POSTOFFICES.

The first postoffice was established at John
Randall's, and called "Rich Hill Postoffice."
In 1846, it was moved to Rix's Mills, John
Moore, postmaster. The postoffices of Rich
Hill appear to have been of the peripatetic order,
changing location with the complexion of the
administration.

An office was established at Thomas Shep-
herd's, then moved to Morgan Morgan's ; again
to Watt Henderson's ; then to John Pierce's :
vacated in 1861, and re-established Februarj- 17,
1874, ^^ ^- ^- Warne's store : now known as
" Freeland Postoffice."

R. A. Cocking was appointed postmaster at
Rix's Mills, in April, 1878, and is the present
incumbent. The mail is supplied from Zanes-
ville, via Chandlersville, tri-weekly.

CHURCHES.

Hz'ck Hill M. E. C/za^e/.— The first church
built in Rich Hill, was called Monroe's Meeting
House. A class was formed at the house of
Daniel Monroe, in 1812, and was composed as
follows :

Daniel Monroe, and his wife, Mary, Philemon
Johnson, and his wife, Philomela, John Rej-nolds,
and his wife, Marj', William Herron, and
daughter, Jane, Robert Monroe, and Jane Ham-
mond. Daniel Moni^oe was leader for fifteen
years. The first quarterly meeting was held in
his barn. Rev. James Finley, Bishop Morris,
and Dr. Durbin, when "to fortune and to fame
unknown," all preached here.

442

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

In the year 1813, a log meeting house, 20x26,
was built on John Reynolds' land, near the pres-
ent residence of James Sims. This was known
as " Monroe's Meeting House," and served as a
house of worship until 1836, when a frame,
36x50, was built, on the southeast quarter of
section nine, on land bought of Frederick R.
Winrod. The building cost one thousand two
hundred dollars, and stood until 1861, when a
new frame was built on the same foundation,
costing one thousand two hundred and fifty dol-
lars, and was dedicated by Rev. Hiram Miller,
in 1862.

Class Leaders — S. T. Elliott, and John
Gregory.

Stewards — James Herron, Henry Sniff, and
Johnson Houseman.

Goshen Baptist Church. — This society was
organized October 18, 1822,' by Elders Debott
and Rees. For two years the services were held
at private ' houses. From 1824 to 1849, "^^
church at Flat»Run, Guernsey county, was the
place of meeting. At the latter date, a new

church was built on section , in Rich Hill

township, Muskingum county, and is still used
as a meeting house.

The oi-iginal members were as follows :

William Newland, Levi Culver, George
Baugher, Henry Ross, Daniel Newland, Phillip
Culver, Isaac Baugher, Elisha Smith, Nancy
Agnew, Susanna Ross, Nancy Culver, Marj
Vanpelt, Elizabeth Culver, Elizabeth Baugher,
Mary Secrist.

The first Deacons were Levi Culver and
Henry Ross. In December, 1822, Elder Rees
was called to the care of the church, and contin-
ued in charge until 1832, when Elder McGowen
became pastor. He i-emained until 1836, and
was succeeded by Elder Sperry, who officiated
until 1846. Elder Peter Ogan was pastor about
thirteen years ; Elder M. Brown, one year ;
Elder Harper, one year. In April, 1862, Elder
J. Brown became pastor, and was succeeded by
Elder John Pritchard, the present pastor, in
1864. Elder George D. Burley served from
1878 to 1879.

Rixville United Presbyterian Church. — About
the year 1825, Rev. David Proudfit, organized a
United Presb5'terian , then known as Associate
Reformed Society, in the northwestern portion
of Rich Hill, called the Salt Creek Associate
Reformed ChurchJ which met at first, for wor-
ship, in private dwellings. Amongst the origi-
nal members were : David Forsyth, and wife,
Francis Moorehead, and wife, Samuel Crawford,

and wife, Barnet Vandever, and wife,

Hadden, and wife, and Mrs. Pollock.

D. Forsyth was the first Ruling Elder.
Subsequently, Andrew Proudfit, and James Mc-
yey, were elected Elders.

In 1850, a frame building, 50x50, (its prede-
cessor having been destroyed by fire), was
erected on the southwest quarter of section nine,
at a cost of one thousand six hundred dollars,
and, for the sake of convenience, the congrega-
tions were consolidated into one organization,

making a membership of two hundred and thirty-
five, with the pastor. Rev. John Comin, D. D.,
preaching alternately, at Rixville, and Salt Creek
churches.

Rev. D. Proudfit was the first pastor, aiid was
followed by Rev. Johnson Welsh, who remained
but a short time, and was succeeded by Rev. B.
Waddle, in 1836. In 1850, Rev. John Comin
took charge of the congregation, and still minis-
ters acceptably to their spiritual wants.

Ruling Elders — A. Loi-imer, R. Wilson,
Thomas Jamison, Jame.j Reynolds, S. Kyle,
John 'Hastings, John Watson, and William
Mackey.

Deacons — W. G. Crawford, J. S. Paisley,
William Shepherd, William A. Given and R. H.
Moorehead.

Rich Hill Baptist Church. — This society was
in existence in 1833, but at present little can be
learned in reference to it. The meeting house
stood on the creek bottom, on the east side of
section twenty-nine, but no traces remain.

Rich Hill Reformed Presbyterian Church. —
In the year 1836, a church stood on section
thirty, with the title. Rich Hill Reformed Pres-
byterian Church. The pastor was Rev. Robert
Wallace. The ruling Elders were, John Auld
and Charles Starrett. It, at one time, attained
a membership of one hundred and thirtj', but is
not now in existence.

Mt. Zion Presbyterian Church. — A committee,
appointed by the Presbytery, consisting of Rev's.
William Wallace, Samuel Wilson and Elder
William Cooper, organized Mt. Zion Presb} ter-
ian Church, August 24th, 1839.

Robert Henderson and his wife, Jane, Robert
Spratt and his wife. Sarah, Henry White and
his wife, Mary, Robert Lyons and John Lyons,
constituted the original members.

Ruling Eiders — Henry White, Alexander
Henderson and Robert Lvons.

Clerk— H. White.

The first church building, a frame, 26x36, was ,
erected in 1841, on the southwest quarter of sec-
tion twenty-seven, and is now used for a parson-
age.

The present building, a Irame, 44x56, was
erected in 1864, near the old one, and cost $1,811.

The first pastor was Rev. William Wallace,
next, Rev's. William Reed. John Arthur and
Robert McCullough. Here occurred a vacancy,
during which Re\-. William Aiken acted as a
supply. Rev. John Kelly was next installed
as pastor, followed by Rev's. John Arthur, C.
C. B. Duncan, Wm. J. McConkey, Samuel Ma-
haftey and Charles L. Work, the present pastor.

Ruling Elders — Henry White, John White,
John McGreggor and Hugh S. Elliott.

Clerk of Sessions — Rev. C. L. Work.

Maximum number of membei's, two hundred
and sixty. Present number, eighty-eight.

A Sabbath School is connected with the
church. Rev. C. L. Work is Superintendent.

AGRICULTURE.

Rich Hill is essentially an agricultural district.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

443

The soil is composed chiefly of lime, with sufficient
sand to render it very pliable, and is of superior
quality. All kinds of crops grow abundantly.
The farming is above the medium grade, conse-
quently profitable. Corn and wheat were formerly
the staple products, but the distance to market in-
duced the farmers to turn their attention to wool-
growing, as the product of the farm can, in that
shape, be more easily disposed of. A few cattle
and horses ai^e raised for market, but wool is the
article of export.

Abraham Warne probably set out the first or-
chard in Rich Hill. He also brought the first
mould-board plow (Wood's patent).

The' first threshing machine was introduced by
a Mr. Mayers, date unknown.

First merino sheep brought into the township
was by D. Irwin, from Washington county, Penn.

The first attempt to improve the breed of
cattle, in Rich Hill, may. be credited to Abraham
Wells, who, in about 1836, procured a few short
horns from John Draper, of Morgan county.
The first successful improver of stock, however,
was Jas.Herron. In the year 1856 he bought some
thoroughbred short-horn Durhams fromJas.Mc-
Cune, of Blue Rock township, Muskingum coun-
ty, and in 1876 he bought three head in Athens
county, O. In 1876, Mr. Daniel Tom introduced
a pair of fine Devonshires from Guernsey county.

So Rich Hill is in a fair way to keep pace
with her sister townships.

MEIGS TOWNSHIP.

A CONGRESSIONAL TOWNSHIP BOUNDARY ITS

NAME TOPOGRAPHY WATER HIGH HILL

MINERALS COAL LIMESTONE TIMBER, IN

"YE OLDEN time" PIONEERS LITTLE NANNIE

■GREEN NOTED PERSONS DINE OFF A STUMP

FOUR YEARS WITHOUT MONEY SCHOOL TEACH-
ING, FOR FIFTY CENTS A WEEK, IN TRADE

FIRST ROAD "OLD FEDERAL TRAIL" FIRST

HEWED LOG HOUSE— FIRST FRAME HOUSE-^
FIRST BRICK HOUSE FIRST CLEARING AND OR-
CHARD SEVERAL "FIRST BORN" FIRST MAR-
RIAGE FIRST DEAf H CEMETERIES FIRST

SCHOOL TANNERY FIRST TAVERN FIRST

STORE FIRST WAGON-MAKER FIRST BLACK-
SMITH DISTILLERY FIRST GRISTMILL— FULL-
ING MILL CARDING MILL FIRST SAWMILL

ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP FIRST ELECTION

— JUSTICES OF MEIGS TOWNSHIP "THE COLOR

line" PRESENT OFFICERS MEIGS VILLE

MUSEVILLE HIGH HILL HOPEWELL CHURCH

SALEM M. E. CHURCH LYTLESBURG M. E.

CHURCH PLEASANT HILL M. E. CHURCH ^ARK

SPRING BAPTIST CHURCH SCHOOLS NIGGER

IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM POSTOFFICES POST-
MASTERS PHYSICIANS MEIGS TOWNSHIP VOL-
UNTEERS COLORED VOLUNTEERS THE SOIL

WOOL-GROWING SHORT-HORNS FIRST GRAIN

CRADLE FIRST METAL PLOW FIRST MOWING

MACHINE morgan's RAID.

Meigs township consists of an entire Congres
sional township, of thirty-six sections. It '

bounded on the north by Rich Hill township, on
the east by Noble county, Ohio ; on the south
by Morgan county, and on the west by Blue
Rock township. It is, therefore, the extreme
southeastern township of Muskingum county.

It received its name from the principal stream
in it — Meigs creek — the creek, itself, having de-
rived its name from Governor Return J. Meigs,
of Marietta.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The surface of Meigs township is very hillyi
the streams having cut deep ravines through the
lime and sandstones of the lower coal-measures.
The soil of the lowlands is iiot of the best quali-
ty ; that of the hills, composed of disintegrated
limestone, is generally good, but deteriorated, to
some extent, by injudicious farming.

Meigs creek drains the southwestern portion
of the township ; Dyes Fork of Meigs creek,-
the southeastern ; Collins Fork of Wills creek,
the northeastern ; and Dents creek, the north-
western portion. The branches of these streams
ramify throughout the township.

HIGH HILL.

High Hill, as its name indicates, is an elevated
knob, situated on the southwest quarter of sec-
tion four — said to be the highest land in Mus-
kingum county. The summit is i ,375 feet above
the level of the sea.

This knob is the source of four streams, viz. :
a branch of Meigs creek, one of Wills creek,
one of Salt creek, and one of Kents creek — all
of which rise within two hundred yards of each
other. A mound crowns the summit, from which
twelve counties are visible. Tourists often visit
High Hill — as the Zanesville and Marietta Road
runs by its base — to enjoy the delightful pros- •
pect.

MINERALS.

No valuable minerals are found in Meigs town-
ship ; the "lead mines" having a "local habita-
tion"— principally in the imagination of the in-
habitants.

Five seams of coal crop out in the township,
two, only, of which are worked. The coal is of
fair quality, but is only used for home consump-
tion.

Limestone is abundant, but veiy little is burnt,
as the farmers evidently think that

" Butter to butter is no sauce."

Iron ore exists, in .considerable quantities, but
entirely undeveloped.

TIMBER.

Meigs township was originally covered with
the following varieties of timber: White, red,
black and rock oaks; hickory, maple, beech,
elm, sycamore, buckeye, gum, walnut, butter-
nut, cherry, tulip-tree, ironwood, ash, dogwood,
and willow. The rougher lands are still covered
with the same varieties.

444

TOWNSHIP HISTOKIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

PIONEERS.

The first white settler of Meigs township was
Archibald Bowles, who came from Alleghany
county, Pennsylvania, in 1807, and settled on the
southwest quarter of section twenty-nine, erect-
ing his cabin on the east bank of Meigs creek,
near the present residence of William Dunlap,
who pointed out to the writer the remains of the
ancient fireplace.

Elijah Collins, Jacob Baker, John Bean, Sam-
uel Allen, Andrew Wolf, and David Stevens,
came in 1808-9, ^^^ David James, in 1810.
These settled on Collins' Fork of Wills creek, in
the northeast corner of the township.

Mrs. Nancy Bell — then Mrs. David James — is
still living, and is the oldest citizen of the town-
ship. She is the mother of twelve children, has
sixty-three grandchildren, seventy-five great-
grandchildren, and four great-great-grandchil-
dren. She resides with her son-in-law, Dr.
Charles Hurd, in Lytlesburg, and, at the ripe old
age of ninety-two, her eye will kindle, and her
voice grow strong and animated, as she recalls
with vividness the scenes of eighty years ago.
The story of one of her experiences runs as fol-
lows :

"LITTLE NANNIE GREEN."

John Green, a son of the Emerald Isle, lived
on the Alleghany river, in Venango county,
Pennsylvania, in 1798. Not being satisfied with
his location, he built a cabin and made a "claim"
in the woods, four miles distant.

Now, in order to prevent the claim from being
"jumped," it was necessary to occupy the cabin
daily, for a stated period ; but, as John had busi-
ness at the county town, he took his little daugh-
ter Nannie, aged ten years, and her little brother
Tommy, aged seven, to the cabin, gave them
possession, and started for Franklin, fourteen
miles distant, intending to return before night ;
but —

" The best laid schemes o' mice an' men
Gang aft aglee."

At the town, John Green met some good fel-
lows, who, like himself, had "a very sthrong
wakeness" for

" Inspiring, bold John Barleycorn,
What dangers thou cans't make us scorn."

"The night drave on, wi' songs an' clatter,
And ay the ale was growing better."

Meanwhile, how fared it with little Nannie
and her baby brother? All day long they had
amused themselves as best they could, and, as the
sun began to sink behind the Venango hills, she
cast many an anxious glance down the path,
hoping to see her father approaching; and, as
the shadows deepened into twilight, she could
scarcely repress her tears, while she strove to
cairn her little brother's fears, and repeated :
"Why don't he come? why don't he come?"
Night, with all its attendant horrors, closed in

upon her, and still he came not.. But, if her
father and protector did not come, something
else did — the wolves, attracted by the offal of a
deer dressed at the cabin the previous day.

The situation was now a trying one, sufficient
to make an older person than little Nannie quail
— the wolves howling at the door, which there
was no means of closing, no one to protect her,
little Tommy to care for, and no means of escape.
But, unaer that homespun pinafore, beat a brave
heart, and Nannie was equal to the occasion.

Directing Tommy to put his arms around her
neck, "hold tight, and keep quiet," she climbed
to the rude joists, and, sitting astride of one,
held her little brother between her and the wall,
while he slept, until near morning.

As the first faint rays of light streaked the
east, the howling demons retreated to their dens ;
then, brave little Nannie, almost fainting from
exhaustion, climbed down, deposited her pre-
cious burden on the ground, and fell asleep.

When she awoke, the sun had climbed above
the tree-tops and chased the gloomy night away.
It was still three hours before her eyes were
gladdened by the sight of

" The man approaching from the town."

To-day, her one hundred and fifty descendants
can ponder on "what might have been," had lit-
tle Nannie Green been less brave.

Later, Philip Yanger, Jacob Onstott, Jesse
Sutton, Jeremiah Sutton, and Thomas Mitchell,
came from Allegheny county, Pennsylvania,
and settled on Meigs creek ; and Joseph Taylor,
Thomas Gilkison, John Green, Samuel Paxton,
and Adam Grindstafl^, located on Collins Fork oF
Wills creek.

The Hammonds, Hyatts, Hedges, Hollen-
becks, Shaws, Chapmans, and Dunlaps, were
also early settlers.

As illustrative of the privations and incon-
veniences the pioneers were subject to, the fol-
lowing incidents may be given :

David Stevens entered the northeast quarter
of section nine, in 1808, ftn the Zanesville and
Marietta road, and erected a log cabin over a
huge chestnut stump, which served for a table,
from which Bishop Asbury, General Cass, Gov-
ernor Meigs, and other noted men were glad to
dine.

Mrs. Israel Dunlap relates that her sister,
Elizabeth Mitchell, carried butter, on horse
back, twenty-four miles to Zanesvile, and then
sold it for four cents per pound.

William Dunlap says that in March, 1818, he
saw the last dollar that greeted his vision until
1822 ; that during these four years the people
were absolutely without money, barter being the
only means of exchange.

Miss Hannah Bliss taught school for fifty cents
a week, and took her pay in- maple sugar and
feathers.

The consciousness of having well performed
an arduous duty, is said to be sweet. In this
case the reward was Htei-ally both sweet and soft.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

445

The first road surveyed through the township
was the Zanesville and Marietta road. It enters
on section six, and following the dividing ridge
between Wills and Meigs creeks, it passes into
Morgan county on section thirty-four.

The "Old Federal Trail" struck Meigs town-
ship on Asa Jordan's property, section twenty-
five, crossed the Marietta road at Hollenbeck's
tavern, followed down Guist's Fork and crossed
Meigs creek on section thirty, thence passed into
Blue Rock township.

Archibald Bowles built the first hewed log
house.

The first frame house is believed to have been
built by John P. Farrell, and the first frame bai-n
by William Yanger.

The first brick house was erected in 1833, by
Casper Hollenbeck, on the Zanesville and Mari-
etta road, and used for a hotel. David DeLong
now owns the property.

The first ground cleared, and orchard set out,
were by Archibald Bowles. A few of the trees,
or scions from them, are still standing in William
Dunlap's field.

John Hammond was also an early cultivator of
fruit.

Several persons claim to be "the first person
born in the township," and the chronicler does
not presume to decide the point.

The first marriage on record, is that of John
Briggs to Mary Bowles.

Thomas Carlin was married to Margaret
Hyatt, in 1819, and Samuel Davis to Elizabeth
Mitchell, in 1 82 1.

The first death was a child of Thomas Cai'lin.

For a long time after the settlement, thei-e was
no regular graveyard, but each family buried
their dead on their own premises.

After the building of the Hopewell church, a
cemetery was established at that place, which is
thought to be the first in the township.

There was also a cemetery established at a
very earty day, on the northeast quarter of sec-..
tion four, near the Salem M. E. Church, and
thought by some to antedate Hopewell burying
ground.

The first school was taught by a Mrs. Harkness,
on Wills creek, in the northeast part. of the town-
ship, in 1813.

A tannery was built on "Collins Fork" on the
northeast quarter of section twelve, in 18 15, by
Thomas C. Gilkison. He afterwards sold out
to Chauncey DeLong, who operated the tannery
for many years, and still occupies the premises.

The first tavern was kept by Casper Hollen-
beck, on the Zanesville and Marietta road, sit-
uated on the northwest quarter of section twenty-
three. He kept accommodations when the stage
coaches ran through from Marietta to Zanesville,
having located there in 1813.

The first store was kept at Lytlesburg, by
John P. Farrell. It was a small affair, and scarce
' deserved the name. Regular stores were opened
about the same time at Lytlesburg and High Hill,
by George Lytle and William E. Walker, re-
spectively.

Benjamin B. Seamans was the first to manu-
facture wagons. His shop was on the Marietta
road, on the northeast quarter of section ten,
in 1816.

Levi Thomas was the first blacksmith in Meigs.
He kept a shop on Guit's Fork, in 1820, and sub-
seqviently at Lytlesburg or Meigsville.

William Dye was the first distiller.

The first horse mill was erected by Jesse
Fenton, in 1820.

The first gristmill was built by Joseph Rea-
soner, in 1823, on "ColHns Fork," of Wills
creek. This was a small mill with but one run
of buhrs. About the j'ear 1829, James McGlashen
built a fulling mill on the southeast corner of sec-
tion twenty. Cards were afterwards added, and
the mill run for some years, by William Yanger.
No trace of the mills now remain.

A sawmill was built by Jacob Onstott, in 1832,
on a branch of Meigs creek, which is thought to
be the first mill built exclusively as a sawmill.

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION.

The following "entry" is copied from the
Commissioners' journal, dated July 13th, 1819:

"A petition was presented to the Commis-
sioners praying a division of Rich Hill township.
The, Commissioners therefore erected the twelfth
original surveyed township, in the eleventh
range, to be a separate township called Meigs
township. The qualified electors to meet at the
house of Zoath Hammond, on the last Saturday
of the present month, to choose township offi-
cers."

In pursuance of the above, the first election
was held at the house of Zoath Hammond, on
the northeast quarter of section nine. John
Hammond and Llewellyn Pierce, were elected
Justices of the Peace, and Jacob Wortman
Clerk. Who the other officers were, is not now
known.

The following list of Justices, for Meigs town-
ship, is copied from the records at Zanesville.

1832 — Llewellyn Pierce and John Hammond.

1835 — John Hammond and C. J. Gibeaut.

1838 — Thomas Green and Llewellyn Pierce.

1841 — Thomas Green arid David Hughes.
* 1844 — C. J. Gibeaut and Thomas Green.

1847 — Matthew Fisher and WilHamT. Mason.

1850 — William Mclntire and Matthew Fisher.

1853 — Alexander Armstrong and Matthew
Fisher.

1858 — Alexander Armstrong and William T.
Mason.

Shortly after the first election, the polls were
moved to Richard Bush's, on section twenty-
one ; again to Charles Ewing's, on section ten,
where they remained until 1855, when another
move was made to the center of the township,
which constituted the voting place until 1879,
when, by a vote of the people, it was again
moved : this time to Russel Bethel's, on the Mari-
etta road.

"the color line."

Charles Lucas was the first colored man who
voted in Meigs township, under the decision of

446

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

the courts that a man who had more white blood
than black in his veins, was entitled to vote.
He voted in 1853, the Trustees' being, William
Shaw, Thomas Green and William Gallogly,
but as he was understood to have voted with the
regnant party, after some "tall" swearing the
matter was dropped.

At the spring election, in 1864, Joseph Tate
and several persons, of more or less color,
offered to vote, but were refused by a majority
of the Trustees, the Board consisting of William
Dunlap, WilHam Imlay and Israel Clark;
whereupon Mr. Tate sued the Trustees. But
before the cause came to trial, the fall election
came off, and Mr. Tate and several others again
offered to vote, and again were refused ; the
Board, at this time, consisting of Samuel Cul-
bertson, J. J. Cline and Thomas Fenton. Mr.
Tate proceeded to read the law*under which he
claimed to vote, when Mr. Fenton exclaimed :
"Things have come to a pretty pass, when a
white man must listen to a nigger reading law
to him !"

Suit was now brought by Aquilla Lett and
four others, against the Trustees, for refusing
their votes.

Tate's suit came before Judge Granger, in
Zanesville, in February, 1865, when he obtained
a verdict of $240.00 damages, against William
Imlay and Israel Clark (Mr. Dunlap being ex-
onerated, on the ground of his having offered
to take Mr. Tate's vote), and the township paid
the cost. The other suit was made up, by the
Trustees paying all the costs.

Now, all that is changed. The colored man's
vote is not only taken when offered, but is sought
after, a fact which sufficiently vindicates the
wisdom of the law, which granted the privi-
lege.

TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

Justices — William Ewing and L. H. West.

Constable — Nathaniel M. Dempster.

Assessor — Russel Bethel.

Treasurer— M. D. Gallogly.

Land Appraiser — P. G. Dye. ,

Clerk — ^James Hutcheson.

Trustees— WilHam Mclntire, David McClurg,
and John Knight.

The Board of Education is composed of the
following gentlemen :

No. I, G. W. Brown.

No. 2, Robert Kingston.

No. 3, Johnston Imlay.

No. 4, H. M. Starrett.

No. 5, George Little.

No. 6, Edward Bethel.

No. 7, W. G. Richie.

No. 8, William P. Doan.

No. 9, John Trainor.

No. 10, J. W. Lett, (colored).

The Board of Supervisors is as follows :

No. I, E. Connor.

No. 2, W. H. Wilson.

No. 3, Adam St. Clair.

No. 4, Robert Kingston.

No. 5, David Seright.
No. 6, Samuel Sutton.
No. 7, W. H. Onstott.
No. 8, George Dickson.
No. 9, J. L. Hyatt.
No. 10, E. Moore.
No. II, Thomas Mitchell.
No. 12, Charles Cline.
No. 13, William Hyatt.
No. 14, Asa Jordan.
No. 15, James Simons.
No. 16, Judson Lett.
No. 17, David Flowers.
No. 18, M. M. Reasoner.
No. 19, John Downing.
No. 20, W. P. Wallace.
No. 21, John McCarty.

VILLAGES.

The villages of Meigs township are small and
unimportant.

Meigsville is situated on the southwest quarter
of section twenty-seven, and was laid out by
Gilbert Bishop, in 1840, and William Betz made
an addition in 1846.

Stores were kept at various times by J. P.
Farrell, George Little, James Hutcheson, John
Hardesty and E. A. Dye.

It contains at present, one store, one post-
office, one physician, two boarding houses, one
blacksmith shop, and about a dozen dwellings.

Museville is a small hamlet, situated on Meig's
creek, on the northeast quarter of section thirty,
and contains one store, one postoffice, one
wagon shop, one blacksmith shop and a few
dwellings.

High Hill contains two stores, one postoffice,
one Odd Fellow's Hall and a few dwellings.

Zeno and Coal Hill each contain a post-
office, store and blacksmith shop.

Stores — Meigsville, Elza A. Dye, proprietor ;
Zeno, William Ewing, proprietor ; Museville,
John Revenaugh and Joseph Trainor, proprie-
tors ; High Hill, William Gallogly and N.
Chapman, proprietors; Coal Hill, Jesse Frazier,
proprietor ; Oak Grove, George Knight, proprie-
tor.

CHURCHES.

Ho^czucII Church. — In the j^ear 1830, the citi-
zens of the southwest portion of the township,
joined together and put up a meeting house, a
frame, 30x40, on the land of Philip' Yanger,
(southwest quarter of section twenty.) It was
used by all denominations until 1846, when the
Presbyterians, becoming the more numerous, a
church was organized by Rev. John Arthur, and
the property deeded by Mr. Yanger to the society.
There were, at this time, about twenty members.
Robert Lyons and John Trainor were the ruling
Elders.

This society continued until the Presbyterian
church was established at High Hill, in 1878.,
The building is now occupied by the Methodist
Protestant Society, but the title is still vested in
the Presbyterians.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

447

Salem Methodist Efiscofal Church.— The ag-
gressive missionery spirit of pioneer Methodism
was here, as elsewhere, manifest in the early
formation of a "class."

In 1820, John Crawford was appointed
" leader," and a class formed with the following
persons as members :

John Crawford, and Sarah, his wife, William
Gallogly, and Frances, his wife, Aaron Foster,
and Rebecca, his wife, Patrick McCullough,
and Sarah, his wife, Ambrose Joselyn, and wife,
Jonathan, and Sarah ' Lawrence, William and
Sarah Roxwell, Mrs. French and daughter,
Mary, Priscilla Howell, Elizabeth Wharton, and
Mrs. Kirkpati-ick.

In 1830, a meeting house, a frame, was built,
which stood until 1853, when a new frame,
40x50, was erected, on the southwest quarter of
section three.

Present number of members, seventy-five.

Leaders — John Harris, and James Herron.

This is the oldest society within the bounds
of the township.

Lytlesburg Methodist Efiscofal Church. —
John Hardest}' and his wife, Sarah Ann, John
Carrell and wife, David Cline and wife, Samuel
Huffman and wife, Parker C. Gorrell and wife,
Mr. Gordon and wife, and Jemima Priest, were
members of the first class.

Parker C. Gorrell was Leader, and John
Hardesty, Steward.

The church, a frame, 26x36, was built in 1854.

Present number of members, eighty-four.

Leaders — Crawford C. Wilson, and M. Reed.

Stewards — Jesse Wilson, and William Ross.

Pastor — Rev. John Doan.

Pleasant Hill M. E. Church ( Colored) . —
In the year A.D. 1824, Rev. Mordecai Bishop
preached in the southeast corner of the township,
and formed a class at Lazarus Marshall's.

The members of that class were : Lazarus
Marshall and his wife, Mary, David Blackburn
and wife, Arthur Ginn and his wife, Mary,
James Mitchell and his wife, Mary, James Guy
and his wife, Deborah, William and Mary Guy,
and Elizabeth Blackburn.

Arthur Ginn was Leader.

This society was composed ol both whites and
blacks ; the meetings being held at private
houses, until 1836, when a hewed log church
was built, on section twenty-four, called "Wesley
Chapel," and all went well for awhile. But as
the society grew in numbers, "vile self got in."
Some of the white members of the congregation
entertained conscientious scruples against wor-
shiping in the same house with the colored
members, and particulai'ly against partaking of
the Eucharist at the same table.

Much dissatisfaction and not a httle trouble,
(to put it mildly), arose from this cause; when,
for the sake of peace, twenty -three of the colored
members withdrew, in 1843, and built a hewed
log church, 24x30, on section twenty-three, for
themselves, which stood until April, 1854, when
it was burnt. In the- spring of 1857, a frame.

28x32, was built on the same ground, and is still
standing, (called " Pleasant Hill " Church.)

After the withd'rawal of the colored people,
the society at Wesley Chapel went gradually
down, and, the property falling into the hands of
a Mrs. Tate, the Church was torn down and
transformed into a dwelling.

The congregation at "Pleasant Hill" is rather
small at the present time and has no settled
pastor.

Ark Spring Baftist Church. — In the rhonth
of January, 1852, Rev. Thomas Shepherd held
a series of meetings in school house No. 5, in
Meigs township, at which meeting several per-
sons were baptized into the fellowship of the
Rich Hill Church, and the following spring Rev.
J. Winters, assisted by Rev. Benjamin Thomas,
pastor of the Brookfield Church, held a meeting
at school house No. 6, and baptized several per-
sons into the fellowship of the Brookfield Church.

At the above named meeting, seven members
of the Rich Hill and Brookfield Churches were
formed into a society, .called the western branch
of the Brookfield Church, and J. C. Moore was
elected clerk.

In 1853, a frame meeting house, 30x40, was
finished at a cost of four hundred dollars.

Rev. Benjamin Thomas preached for this
branch of the Brookfield Church until he was
succeeded by Rev. Edward Jones, in the spring
of 1853. Rev. Warwick succeeded Jones, and
was himself succeeded by Rev. A. J. Buell, who
continued as pastor until the western branch was
organized into a separate church. .

At a meeting held June 25, 1859, it was re-
solved to " form a separate organization on the
Saturday preceding the fifth Sunday in July."

In pursuance of this resolution, a committee
composed of Rev's. William Sedwick, A. J.
Buell, and Washington Glass, with Deacons
Jesse Leasure, John James, and Thomas Moore,
met at the time indicated, and organized the
branch into a regular church, called "Ark Spring-
Baptist Church," with Rev. W. Glass as pastor :
J. C. Moor«, Clerk ; William Brown, Treasurer ;
J. C. Moore, William Brown, and Wm. Watson,
Trustees ; Jesse Leasure, Deacon.

The following are the constituent members of
the Ark Spring Baptist Church :

J. C. Moore, WiUiam Brown, William Wat-
son, J. W. Watson, Jacob Gallogly, David Babb,
John Frazier, Horace James, UWsses Frazier,
Jesse Frazier, W. T. Hollenbeck," J. A. Brown,
Eliza James, Mary J. James, Rachel James, Mary
Frazier,Francis Bethell,Mary Bethel J. A. Riddle,
Nancy Riddle, Rebecca Ewing, Miranda Ross,
Margaret Graham, S. A. Leasure, Marj' Leasure,
Rachel Graham, Jane Rogers, Eleanor Mitchell^
M. C. Hatton, C. G. Hatton, Maria Brown, Annie
Kennedy, Margaret Brown, R. A. Hollenbeck,
F. A. Brown, Nancy Moore, Isabella McClurg,
M. S. McClurg, Margaret Kennedy, Isabella
Kennedy, Espey Watson, Minerva Baldwin, M.
J. Marshall, Jane Marshall, A. C. Marshall, Ciara
Bethel, Lucy Bethel, Harriet Crawford, Betsy

448

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Leasure, Sarah Leasure, Miriam Babb, Sarah
Benjamin, Lucy Crawford, L. A. Armstrong,
John Mclntire, Jacob Hayden, Hannah Mitch-
ell, Andrew James, Julian Mitchell, Susan
Fisher, Victoria Wortman, Jesse Hyatt, Celia
Lett, Rachel Armstrong, Jesse Leasure, Hannah
Hay den, Louisa Hayden, James Kennedy,
Mary Armstrong.

The names of the ministers, who have served as
pastor, are as follows : Rev. Washington Glass,
Rev. George Jones, Rev. Washington Glass,
Rev. G. W. Churchill, Rev. James Herbert,
Rev. Henry Ward, Rev. Thomas Erwin, and
James Herbert, the present pastor.

Present Clerk— J. C. Moore.

Present Deacons — John James, Jesse Frazier,
and Jesse Leasure.

Present Trustees — ^J. C. Moore, and John
James. ♦ ,

Present Treasurer — David McClurg.

Present number of members, ninety one.

SCHOOLS.

The history of the schools in Meigs township
furnishes a striking proof of the strength of the
prejudice against the descendants of flam, that
formerly existed in this locality, as the following
incidents will illustrate : •

In the year 1845, there lived in the southeastern
corner of Meigs township a colored man (a
quadroon) named Aquilla Lett. This man owned
a good farpi, and, paying a good round tax,
naturally en6ugh conceived the idea of educat-
ing his childi*en. With this idea in view, he
sent his daughter, Margaret, then twelve years
of age, and his two j^ounger children, Henry
and Susan, to the district school.

The news soon spread like wild-fire that there
were " niggers in the school," and the Directors
(Jacob Wharton, David McCarty and Burr Reed)
ordered the teacher. Miss Louisa Harmon, to
put the "niggers" in a corner by themselves
until a meeting could be had. The teacher at-
tempted to comply, but Margaret refused to be
separated from the other scholars, on the plea
that she, "was not a nigger."

The next day the Directors came 5nd ordered
the teacher to separate the scholars, as per previ-
ous instructions. The teacher then refused, on
the ground that Mr. Lett's children were attentive
and orderly, and she would not disgrace them
by any such unenviable distinction. She also
refused to point them out.

Mr. McCarty, after some parleying, addressed
Margaret with, "Say, my gal, ain't you one of
them?"

Margaret inquired : " One of what?" "Why,
Africans." The rejoinder was : " No sir, I am as
white as you are." Mr. Wharton then attempted
to pick out the offending niggers, but unfortun-
ately got hold of McCarty's daughter (about the
size and age of Margaret), when McCarty inter-
fered with : " Hold on, that's my gal."

McCarty next essayed the difficult feat, and
got hold of Wharton's daughter, when Wharton
exclaimed " his gal." This I'ather disconcerted

the directors, but something had to be done, and
as the teacher refused to ' ' put the niggers on the
jim crow seat," she was dismissed and another
employed, named Eliza Wood.

The white children — instructed, no doubt, by
their parents — inaugurated a system of persecu-
tion and intimidation, to drive the Lett children
from the school. But Margaret was plucky, and
when any of the scholars tried, to frighten her
with clubs she would herself pick up a club, and
resolutely charging, put the enemy to flight.

The Directors came frequently to the school
and dismissed the same, but as often set the
teacher to work again, thinking, apparently, that
Mr. Lett would refrain from sending his chil-
dren.

One old man visited the school and informed
the teacher that " niggers did not need any
teaching, as they had no souls."

Previous to this time, one school house had
been torn down and another burnt,to prevent the
colored children from getting an education, as
" niggers knowed too much already."

Mr. Lett, being threatened with the destruction
ofhis property, concluded to appeal to the law for
protection in the exercise of his rights : accord-
ingly, in December, 1846, he sued the directoi-s,
before Matthew Fisher, for debarring his chil-
dren from the public schools. Colonel C. J.
Gibeaut, counsel for Lett. Verdict for plaintiff.

Whereupon a separate house was built on the
land of J. Lett, and a separate fund created for
the purpose of schooling the colored children.
This house was rebuilt in 1853, and in 1864 a
good frame was erected, in which the colored chil-
dren— fifteen or twenty — are still taught. Since
1856, the colored people are allowed to choose
their own Directors.

POSTOFFICES.

Meigs township was, for a long time, without
any regular postoffices, the inhabitants going to
Cumberland and Duncan's Falls for mail.

In the year 1845, offices were established sim-
ultaneously at High Hill and Meigsville (Lytles-
burg), with C. J. Gibeaut and William Betz, as
Postmasters.

The Museville office was established in 1853 ;
Henry Onstott, Postmaster.

" Zeno " was made an oflice in 1862 ; Edward
Bethel, Postmaster.

Coal Hill in 1876; Jesse Frazier, Postmaster.

The present Postmasters are as follows :

High Hill — Frederick W. Vogt, Postmaster.

Meigsville — ("Young Hickory" ) Peter Henry,
Postmaster.

Museville — John Revenaugh, Postmaster.

Zeno — Edward Bethel, Postmaster.

Coal Hill — ^Jesse Frazier, Postmaster.

PHYSICIANS.

The first physician who practiced in Meigs,
township, was Dr. Clark, who resided in Morgan
county. After him, came Doctors Dalton, Wil-
son, and some others, but they did not remain

HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The Weekly Visitor and Home Monitor was
originated at Frazeysburg, Ohio, in 1880, by M.
W. Acton, pastor of the M. E. Church at that
place. It was first issued under the name of the
District Visitor, and attained a circulation of
about six hundred during that year. In the fall of
'81 its originator was sent to South Street IM. E.
Church, Zanesville, and immediately established
the Visitor office, enlarging the paper to a seven-
column folio. The office was located on South
Fourth street, and the enterprise originated on the
slender capital of $200. In September of 1882 it
was removed to the second floor of the new Shin-
nick Block, on Main street, a cut of which accom-
panies this article. Large additions were made to
the office, increasing its value to $3,200.00, and the
Vis it o e en-

larged and

cha^iged in

form from a

seven - column

folio to a five-
column quarto.

Its subscrip

t i 0 n steadilv

increased un

til at this date

(February 1,

1883,) its list

c o n t a ins fif-
teen hundred

names, repre-
senting the

best class of

citizens in

Zanesville and

vicinity,

Pol itically,

i n d ependent ;

religiously,

non-sectarian ,

its aim has al-

ways been to advocate personal morality and flghl
public evils. Eealizing intemperance as one of
the greatest, it commenced, in the fall of 1882, a
vigorous exposure of the criminal methods of the
traffic in Zanesville, and has ever since been noted
for fearless speech and the puritj^ of its columns.
Its course has made bitter enemies of the lawless
classes and warm friends of all order-loving citi-
zens. It has awakened a gi eater interest in the
question of practical tercperance than has been
known for years. No time has been wasted in the
useless discussion of extreme legislative measures^
On the contrary, its efforts have been addressed to
the task of the enforcement of existing laws and the
kindling of sentiment in favor of the suppression
of illegal liquor sales.

;^""":55;::;;:;:;f:,..,,.. lU StylC and

appearance it
is the hand-
somest sheet
issued in the
city,, and ihe
cheapest, the
s u b s eription
^- price being but
-~ - $1.15 per year.
'- The Job De-
h^ p ar t m ent is
fs well supplied
l_JM with new type
new presses,
and fine work-
men. A full
stock of bill,
letr.er and note
heads,&c.,kept
constantly on
hand. The
Visitor press-
es are riin by a
Backus "Water
Motor.

In December, 1882, the Visitor offered $50.00 in
cash for the four best temperance stories, written
by subscribers to the paper, and other valuable
premiums amounting to $75.00. A large number
of competitors sent in their productions, and they
are, at this date (February 28, 1883,) in the hands
of the Awarding Committee. The temperance sto-
ries will appear in the VisiToft from time to time,
affording the people of Muskingum cpunty the op-
portunity to judge of the merits of home talent, and
also encouraging the same. Whether the ^"isitor
will become a financial success remains io be seen.
Its purpose, and the energy and enterprise of its
originator, deserves success; but the history of tem-
perance publications is not encouraging.

Established 1881.

TH^

^EKLY VI

giTOR,

Terms: $1.00 Per Year.

Champions the EiifDrcsniEiit of Existing Lav^s;
Always Ad-^ro Gates the Right;

Is in the Intarssts nf G-Ond PbdpIb;
CDDtends Apainst Wrangi

Its MattDi "G-Dd and Humanity)"
It is PufsinTDna,

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

449

long, probably because the climate was too warm
for " resurrectionists."

Dr. Joseph Register came to Lytlesburg in
1842, and remained until 1855.

In 1846, Dr. Charles Hurd settled in Meigs-
ville (Lytlesburg), and still resides there, having
a large practice and an excellent reputation.

Dr.. James Gallogly located at High Hill in
1847, where he practiced fifteen years, and then
removed from the township.

Drs. N. W. Spring and Lewis Marshall are
young physicians, recently located in the town-
ship, and are making fair bids for public patron-
age.

MEIGS TOWNSHIP VOLUNTEERS, 1 86 1 -5.

Arter, Abel ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Atchinson, John ; regiment unknown.

Bethel, Russel ; First Lieutenant, O. V. V. I.

Berry, Patrick ; Nineteenth O. V. V. I.

Bay, William : regiment unknown.

Babb, Thomas ; Nineteenth O. V. V. I.

Brown, James A. ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Barr, Eli ; Seventy-eighth" O. V. V. I.

Cramblet, Isaac ; One hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Crawford, James ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Crawford, Isaac ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Crawford, Ellas ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Craig, Absalom : Sixty-second O.V. V. I.

Crawford, Elisha ; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

Coffee, Richard ; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

Crawford, Stephen D. ; Thirty-second O.V. I.

Cramblet, John ; Ninetj- -seventh O. V. I.

Cox, Hugh M. : Fifteenth O. V. V. I.

DeLong, William L. ; One Hundred and
Twenty-second O. V. I.

Echelberr}', John ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Flowers, Chas. D. ; Sevent3'-eighth O. V. V. I.

Fisher, Israel ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. 1.

Fisher, James ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Flowers, Adam H. ; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

Frazier, Ulysses ; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

Flowers, Horace ; Ninth O. V. I.

Frazier, Jackson ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Fisher, Absalom ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O.V. I.

Gallogly, William ; Seventy-eighth O.V. V. I.

Gibeaut, Peter, Sr. ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V.I.

Gibeaut, Peter, Jr. ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Gibeaut, Charles ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Gay, James W. ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Grandstafl', Geo. ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second p. V. I.

GrandstafF, Andrew ; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

GrandstafF, Leander ; Thirty-second O.V. V. I.

Gay, Eli ; Ninth O. V. C.

Hall, Charles; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Hardesty, John C. ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Haskins, Jacob ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Hutchinson, Benton; One Hundred and
Twenty-second O. V. I.

Hatten, Isaac ; One Hundred and Twenty-sec-
ond O.V. I.

Hatten," William ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Hedge, Charles ; Ninety-seventh O.V. I.

Hyatt, Jesse ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Haskins, Joseph B. ; Seventy-eighth O.V. V. I.

Johnson, Abraham ; Seventy-eighth O.V. V. I.

Jordan, Asa L. ; Sixty-sixth O.V.V. I.

Johnson, John ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Johnson, Al. ; Ninth O. V. C.

Johnson, Hugh ; regiment unknown.

Lyons, John ; Seventy-eighth O.V. V. I.

Lee, Charles W. ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Little, WilHam ; Thirty-second O.V. V. I.

McClurg, Leander ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

McCIurg, Wm. ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Mitchell, Thomas, Jr. ; One Hundred and
Twenty-second O. V. I.

Marshall, Seth ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Mitchell, Thomas, Sr. ; Ninety-seventh O.V. I.

Mitchell, Clarkson ; Ninth O'.V. C.

Marshall, Samuel ; Ninth O.V. C.

Marshall, Josephus ; Ninth O.V. C.

Marshall, Richard ; Ninth O.V. C.

McLucas, James ; Seventy-eighth O.V.V. I.

McRoberts, Hugh ; Seventy-eighth O.V. V. I.

Morris, Wm. W. ; Sixty-second O.V. V. I.

Marshall, Frank ; Sixty third O.V. V. I.

Mitchell, Simon ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. V. I.

Min-phy. Martin ; One Hundred and Twent}'-
second O.V. V. I.

McDade, John ; Second West Va. V. C.

Mitchell, Samuel ; Ninety-seventh O. \' I.

Mitchell, John ; regiment unknown.

Moore, John ; regiment unknown.

Onstott, John ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Ross, William ; Second Sergeant, Seventh-
eighth O. V. V. I.

Rogers, Robert; Seventy-eighth- O.V V.I.

Rogers, Thomas ; Sevent3'-eighth O.V. V I.

Riddle, Joseph, Forty-third O. V. V. I.

Robinson, James ; One Flundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Reeds, William H. ; One Hundred and
Twenty-second O. V. I.

Starrett, Joseph ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Shaw, James D. ; ■Seventj'-eighth O. V. V. I.,
(died recruiting).

Schreiber, Frank L. ; Fifteenth O. V. V. I.

Simons, Joseph ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Sims, Israel : One Hundred and Twenty-sec-
ond O. V. I.

Sims, William ; regiment unknown.

Sims, Adam B. ; regiment unknown.

Sutton, John ; regiment unknown.

450

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Sutton, William ; regiment unknown.

Turner, Eleven ; Seventy-eighth O. V. V. I.

Turner, Daniel ; One Hnndred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Turner, John ; regiment unknown.

Wilson, William ; Thirty-second O. V. V. I.

White, James ; Thirty-second O. V. V. I.

Watson, James W. ; Seventy-eighth O. V.
V. I.

Wilson, James ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Williams, "Samuel ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

Wilson, Samuel H. ; Ninth O. V. C.

West, Charles ; Ninth O. V. C.

Wharton, Isaac; Sixty-second O. V. V. I.

Colored Volunteers. — The following is a list
of the colored soldiers from Meigs township in
the late Rebellion :

Brown, James C. ; regiment unknown.
Brown, Al. ; regiment unknown.
Clifford, John ; regiment unknown.
Clifford, L. D. ; regiment unknown.
Caliman, Nelson ; regiment unknown.
Grey, Eliphalet ; regiment unknown.
Johnson, William ; regiment unknown.
Lett, Othias ; regiment unknown.
Lett, Samuel ; regiment unknown.
Simpson, Joseph; Eighty-eighth U. S. C.I.
Simpson, Daniel ; One Hundredth U. S. C. I.

morgan's raid.

William Ewing, Esq., furnishes the following
reminiscence of Morgan's passage through
Meigs township :

Thursday morning, July 23, 1863, the sun
rose clear and bright, shedding his beneficent
rays on the citizens of Meigs, who went as usual
to their daily and peaceful occupations, little
thinking of the approach of a hostile foe.

But ere the sun had reached his meridian
height, the quiet and peace of the neighborhood
were disturbed by the roar of cannon at Eagles-
port, on the Muskingum River. Involuntarily,
the question sprung to every lip, " What is it? "'
" What does this mean? " They were not long
left in .suspense. A cloud of dust was seen as-
cending from the highroad, in the southwestern
portion of the township, and runners announced
that John Morgan's rebel cavalry was in our
midst.

The excitement that followed can be more easily
imagined than described. " There was hurr}^-
ing to and fro." Some were hiding their
horses and valuables, while others, who thought
themselves more brave, brought out their
weapons, and prepared for a defensive warfai^e.

But, when the enemy came near, their cour-
age failed, discretion took the place of valor,
their small guns were secreted, and the owners
sought positions as far removed from danger as
possible.

Morgan, with his three hundred men, (which
rumor magnified to a thousand), came into
Meigs township from the southwest. Descend-
ing the hill to the forks of Meigs Creek, they
met " Old Billy Dunlap," (as he is famiharljr
called), and demanded his horse, which he
quietly gave up, taking off his saddle, when
they informed him he must leave the saddle on
the horse. But when one of the bareheaded
cavalrymen demanded his hat — Dunlap replied,
" I'll be d — d if I give you my hat," and he
didn't.

On the way to Zeno, they relieved Jesse Leas-
ure of one horse, J. C. Guist of two, and T. O.
West of one. They struck the Marietta road at
the old. Stephens tavern stand, where they cov-
eted a fine charger belonging to Mr. E. Steph-
ens.

Here one of Morgan's men, who had been
wounded in the back during their skirmish that
morning with the Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantr}',
(that came from Zanesville to intercept them)
at Eaglesport, could go no further, and was left.
He was taken care of by the citizens and sent to
Marietta.

It was near two o'clock in the afternoon \\hen
the raiders arrived at Zeno. Here the} scat-
tered in search of food for themselves and feed
for their horses, appropriating ever\-thing they
could find that-a man or horse could eat, and
taking all the horses they could get.

Having taken a horse from Mr. C. Fuller,
they next repaired to the stable of Russel Bethel,
then in the Union army, with the intention of
capturing a very fine horse, belonging to that
gentleman. But, before they could accomplish
their purpose, Russel's mother had placed her-
self in the stable door, and barred the passage.
They could not get the horse out without pass-
ing over her, so they were obliged to abandon
the enterprise, and the horse was saved bv the
intrepid woman.

Morgan had taken a number of prisoners on
his way west of the ri\er, among them Col. Z.
M. Chandler, Re\'. Maccabee, and Judge Ezra
Evans, of Zanesville. These gentlemen had
gone out into Perry county to look after Morgan,
but it seems //r looked after ///<'«/ and kindjj'took
them in. One mile east of Zeno they were pa-
roled and permitted to retm^n home, satisfied, no
doubt, witli their brief militarv experience.

John James, Jesse Frazier, and James McClel-
land, each lost a horse, while the " rebs ' pat-
ronized Chauncy DeLong to the extent of three
head, leaving, generally, however, their own
worn out and broken down horses instead.

About four o'clock p. m. Morgan halted his
command at C. H. DeLong's, on Collins' Fork,
in the northeastern corner of the township, and
his men commenced pillaging everj^ dwelling,
spring house and granary in the neighborhood.
While this was going on T. Frazee's grocery
was doing a "wholesale" business, supplying
the thirsty Johnnies with whiskey.

TOWNSHIP FIISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

451

Perhaps Mr. Frazee was not responsible for
Morgan's kindness in placing a guard over the
grocery, and permitting his men to take only that
which they paid for, but the circumstance was
regarded as significant at the time.

Six of Morgan's men found a boon companion
in a Rich Hill farmer. Their friendship became
so firmly cemented that they found it impossible
to separate, so the soldiers went home with the
farmer and remained there until they got sober,
when they were taken to Camp Chase. One of
them was a wealthy farmer of Kentucky, named
Bradley.

Near Cumberland, another of Morgan's
wounded soldiers fell out of ranks. He was
taken in and cared for at the house of James
McClelland, Sr., where he lay for several weeks
be'fore lie was able to be taken to Columbus.

Morga'n passed through Meigs township diag-
onally, from southwest to northeast, a distance of
near nine miles.

General Morgan's troops were followed closely
by General Shackelford, with his Kentucky
cavalry.

Being obliged to recruit his exhausted stock
on the same ground passed over by Morgan, he
necessarily followed at a disadvantage. Still, so
closely did he follow, that he entered Cumberland
on the morning of the 24th, only one hour after
Morgan left.

AGRICULTUliE.

The soil of the uplands of Meigs township is
strongly impregnated with lime, and had it been
properl}^ cared for, would still have been very
productive. The numerous worn out, bare and
abandoned fields that meet the eye, are sugges-
tive of reckless husbandry, and the deep rain-
washed gullies that traverse them are neither or-
namental nor useful.

Wool is the principal article of export. Israel
and Benajah Doan were the first persons who
-introduced fine sheep into the township.

During the year 1843, they bought three hun-
dred head of merinos from Colonel Laughlin,
near Cambridge, in Guernsey county.

William P. Doan has, at this time, a fine flock
of eight hundred head. David Paisley also po-
sesses a very fine flock.

Andrew and Hugh Lyons were the first to im-
prove the breed of cattle, by the introductioii, in
1850, of a pair of Durhams.

In 1.877, Israel Doan went to Kentucky and
purchased thirteen head of "shorthorns," and
is now the owner of the best herd in the town-
ship.

The first grain cradle was brought into the
township by Joseph Taylor, in 1825.

David James introduced the first metal plow in
1825.

Samuel Culbertson was the first to adopt mow-
ing machines. His was one of "Ball's" pat-
tern.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP

"THE OLDEST INHABITANT" — PIONEERS DEEDS

OF EARLY DATE— THE ONLY BRICK HOUSE

FIRST BLACKSMITH PUBLIC ROAD FINE SHEEP

FINE CATTLE TOWNSHIP LIMITS TOWNSHIP

OFFICERS— THE MILLS METHODIST CHURCH

BLOOMFIELD U. P. CHURCH ASSOCIATE PRES-
BYTERIAN AND REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCHES UNITED FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE

FIRST STORE TANNERY^ — FIRST PHYSICIAN

BLOOMFIELD — SAGO POSTOFFICE — POSTOFFICE—
POSTMASTERS BLOOMFIELD ASSOCIATE PRES-
BYTERIAN CHURCH PROTESTATION m'CORKLE

COLLEGE BLOOMFIELD CEMETERY MILITARY

RECORD COMPANIES A. AND F., 78th'o. V. I

62D O. V. I. I22D O. V. I 160TH O. S. M

15TH O. V. I 97TH O. V. I.

To begin at the beginning, in recounting the
settlement of any important portion of our coun-
try, is manifestly the thing to do in order to be
exhaustive, and more particularly to discover the
germ of the settlement, which so often gives
character to it. But it is not likely that High-
land township owes much to the first settler or
his associates in this respect, since whatever else
he did he failed to impress his individuality or
his times so as to perpetuate his memory, and
his cotemporaries have left no record that is
available, from which we can define that period ;
we only know that they penetrated an unknown
region, and it is presumable that " darkness was
upon the face of the deep," and we know that it
remains, concerning that period. " The oldest
inhabitants " have the following tradition :

Matthias Trace came from Washington
county, Pennsylvania, and settled on the north-
east quarter of section eleven, in 1808. Lot Wort-
man came and entered the northeast quarter of
section sixteen, and James Honnold entered the
northwest quarter of section fifteen. The latter
was from Loudon county, Virginia. Peter Bond
came from Maryland, some time between 1810
and 1812, and located on the southeast quarter
of section thirteen, now occupied by P. B. Geyer.
Thomas Rambo located on the southwest quarter
of section nineteen, about 1813 ; the place is now
occupied by Geo. Fisher. Alex. Mays and J.K.
McCune settled on section twenty-two about the
same date. Edward Ostler settled on the north-
west quarter of section nineteen, in 1814, and
Jacob Honnold on the northwest quarter of sec-
tion fourteen, ini8i6. From deeds made at an ear-
ly day, it appears that the name now written Hon-
nold was then wTitten Hannald. John, Casper,
Peter and William Bradford, David, Benjamin,
John and William Davis, all came in 1813. The
Bradfords located on section eight, and the Davis'
on section seven. The Geyers, Michaels, Fells and
Shroyers, were also early settlers, but nothing
definite appears on record as to their "location.
James Honnold, Andrew Geyer and John Brad-
ford had frame houses in 1835. This is spoken
of as evidence of an advanced state of home
comfort, although the first good frame house was
built by Samuel Scott, in 1845. It does not ap-

452

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

pear in what this degree of excellence consisted,
as in contrast with those named before it.

The first and only brick house in the township
was built b}' Thomas Roberts, near the Bethel
Church, in 1850.

The first blacksmith was Robert Baxter,
whose shop was located on the Adamsville road,
in the ''long ago." James Honnold was a
knight of the anvil near about the same time.

Peter Bond brought the first wagon into the
township — the remains of which are now in the
possession of his grandson, Peter B. Geyer — and
show by contrast the wonderful improvements
that have been made in wagons in three quarters
of -a centur\ .

The first public road was laid out from Cam-
bridge to Dresden, about the year 1806. The
next was from Findle}- Mill Dam, south of Con-
cord, to the mouth of Wills' Creek, through
Highland township, in 1815. It was surveyed
by Charles Roberts. Peter D. Reasoner and
James McMichael were the viewers.

Joseph K. McCune surveyed a road " from
James Sprague's, in Highland township, to John
Reynold's store, on the Wheeling road," thirteen
miles, and made return of the same, May 29th,
1817.

Fine sheep were introduced by John Bell, in
1857. He bought three hundred and eighty
head from various parties in Washington
coimty, Pennsylvania, Harrison and Guernsey
counties, paying $50 per head for the best.
In 1863, he went to Vermont and purchased
forty-five thoroughbred sheep, of Merrell, Bing-
ham, and Rockwell, of Middlebury, and in
1864, he bought six head of Mr. Peck, of Ver-
mont, for $800. In 1879, ^^ bought of T. &
J. Close, Belmont county, Ohio, one ram for
$150, and twenty-five thoroughbred ewes. Mr.
William Caughey bought eighteen head, and
Mr. George Fisher bought seventeen head, at the
same time, paying $40 per head.

Mr. Bell was also an importer of short horn
Durham cattle. In 1866, he purchased of
G. J. Hagerty, Esq.. of Licking county, Ohio,
"Victoria," for $225, and "Strawberry" for
$150: and of H. H. Plankins, Clinton county,
Ohio, " Emma," (a yearling), for $80 ; and from
John Hamrickhouse, of Coshocton count}', Ohio.
"Boothe," (a bull eleven years old), for $125;
and of D. Beecher, of Otsego, " SuUlana" and
" Boone," and many other valuable purcliascs.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHII' I^IMI'J-S.

"A petition was preseiited by a number of the
inhabitants of the northeastern division of Mus-
kingum county, praying that the fifth and sixth
ranges ; thence south, to the line that divides the
first and second townships : thence east, to the
county line ; thence north, to the place of begin-
ning, may be incorporated into a new township,
by the name of Highland, and the election or-
dered to be held at the house of William Den-
nison, on the first Monday in April, 1814, to elect
township officers. — March 11, 1814." Dennison
lived one and a half miles southwest of Adams-

ville. Highland township was reduced to its
present dimensions, July 2d, 1819. Whether
ther&was any record of that election, or not,
does not appear. Tradition has it, that the first
Justices of the Peace were Joseph K. McCune
and Joseph Williamson.

The township is bounded, on the north, by
Monroe township ; on the east, by Guernsey
county ; on the south, by Union township, and
on the west, by Salem township. It is situated
on the divide between White Eyes creek, on the
north, and Crooked creek and Salt creek, on
the south, and, being an elevated region, the
name "Highland" was sugested, and it was so
called. It is equivalent to town two, range five.
The central and southern portions are compara-
tively smooth and easy of cultivation, while the
northern portion is uneven and hilly.

The Highland township officials are as.follows :

Justices — William Hammond and A. L. An-
derson.

Constable — Jacob Campbell.

Clerk — Alexander Wilson.

Treasurer — J. M. Lane.

Assessor — H. K. Ballentine.

Land Appraiser — A. H. White.

Trustees— James McCormick, Alexander Roy,
and D. W. Ross.

Board of Education — Districts numbered as
follows: I, Peter B. Gej^er : 2, James McCor-
mick; 3, Rpbert Jamison; 4, J. C. Bell; 5,
William McCoy ; 6, James Davis.

THE FIRST MILL.

The first mill built in Highland township was
erected bj' Noah Decker, on the northwest quar-
ter of section fourteen, in 1815. It was first a
sawmill, then a distiller}- — at which time a pair
of buhrs was put in, to chop grain for the "still."
These buhrs were brought from Laurel Hill, near
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and, after Decker's
mill was a thing of the past, these stones did
service in several localities. The}- are now ly-
ing near Mr. T. Marks" mill, at Bloomfield.
There is no distillery in the township now.

About the year 1830, James McMichael built a
gristmill, on the northwest quarter of section
twent}-one. This was what was termed "over-
shot," with two run of buhrs; but he could not
j gel the privilege of the main creek, and was
I obliged to abandon the enterprise, in 1842 ; and
at this time, a "tramp whf^el" was put in and a
carding-machine set up, which is still in opera-
tion.

John Ge}er built a small gristmill, in the south
part of the township, at an early day, but the
precise time cannot now be stated.

In 1833, William Reynolds erected a sawmill,
on White Eyes Creek, on the land now owned by
James Wilson. It was designated as a "flutter-
wheel" mill, and was not very effective in manu-
facturing lumber.

A few years later, Andrew Henderson erected
a mill, one mile further down the stream, and
used a "Parker wheel." It worked well, but
the patentee took the wheel away, and the mill

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

453

ceased. About this time, Hugh Simms erected
a sawmill, on a branch of White Eyes creek,
where Hugh Simms, Jr., now lives. He had
one pair of buhrs, and ran the mill about five
vears.

In 1843, James McDonald built a sawmill, one
mile south of the present site of Bloomfield, and,
in 1846, sold it to Martin McLane, who put in a
pair of buhrs and ran the mill four or live years.

In 1853, John Buchanan and Samuel Moore-
head built a gristmill, on the southwest quarter
of section ten. It was a frame, twenty-six by
thirty-two, and had two run of buhrs. It passed
from one owner to' another, until it became the
property of Joseph Selders, who last operated it,
in 1871.

In 1873, Theophilus Wark erected a mill, a
little further east, also a frame, and thirty-six by
forty, three stories high, with two run of buhrs
and a hominj^ mill. It has a saw and plan-
ing mill, twenty-six by fifty-two, attached. This
is the only mill now in operation in Highland
township. It is run by steam, and does a good
business. Mr. Wark is said to have been the
first to introduce a circular saw in this township
— about 1859.

CHURCHES.

Methodist Church. — In 1816, Rev. William
Knox organized a class, composed of Jacob Hon-
nold and Abigail, his wife ; James Honnold and
Elizabeth, his wife ; and Lot Workman and Mar-
garet, his wife. Jacob Honnold was leader.
This was the first Methodist class organized in
Highland township. In 1820, Samuel Honnold,
George Geyer and family, Amos Fell and wife,
Peter Hammond and wife, James Hammond and
wife, and Philip Richcreek, were added to the
class.

. In 1828, a hewed log meeting-house, thirtj' by
forty, was erected, on a lot deeded for that pur-
pose by Lot Workman. This house stood until
1830, when a brick church. thirt3'-five by forty-
five, was erected on "the same site. This was
destroj^ed \)y fire, in January. 1854. The Trus-
tees, at that time, were Thomas Roberts, Jacob
Shively, William Armstrong, Daniel Geyer, Ja-
cob Honnold, James Honnold, and Hamilton J.
Honnold. They immediately called a meeting,
and contracted with Jacob Y. Honnold to build
a frame church, forty by fifty, for $1,251. This
church was named '-Bethel M. E. Church."
This appointment is on the Adamsville Circuit.
The steward, in 1880, was Clinton Taylor ; the
leaders, Peter Galigher, Isaac Hanks, John
Sauerbaugh, and Newton Shrover. The mem-
bership at that time was one hundred strong.

A Sunday School was organized at Honnold
meeting-hoiise by Rev. Joseph Carper, and is
still in operation and a valuable adjunct to the
church .

Bloomfield U. P Church. — This congregation
was' oiiginally known as the Bloomfield Associ-
ate Presbyterian congregation, and therefore its
Mstory dates back to the inception of that church.

The first sermon was preached January loth.

1818, by Rev. Robert Douglas, at the house of
David Duff. The congregation was organized
by Rev. John Walker, March 20th, 1818, at the
house of Mr. Duff". The first communion was
held by Rev. Wm. Wilson, in September, 1818,
at the Spring, on the property of Rev. J. P.
Lytle, (then owned by D. Rankin). The con-
gregation was at first composed of the families of
David Duft, Joseph K. McCune, William Simp-
son, Thomas Ramsey, and John Atchison. The
following persons, with their families, soon after
became connected with the congregation : James
Black, Robert Wilson, James Moorhead, David
Atchison, John Weylie, A.Darragh,Mrs. Foi^syth,
Alex. Wilson, David Monroe, and Alex. Dufl!".
Joseph K. McCune, David Duff, and Robert
McCall were made ruling Elders. Some years
later, Jacob McNight, David Little, and John
Officer were chosen. At the third election, John
Dunlap, Robert Atchison, James Morrow and
Robert Wilson were chosen. These were suc-
ceeded by David Conaughy, Martin M. Lane,
William Marshall, John Monroe, Thomas Clegg,
William Wejdie, Samuel Scott, Matthew Atchi-
son and John Jamison. Rev,. Daniel M. Lane
first preached for the congregation in 1823, and
in 1824, a call being extended to him, he became
the first regular pastor of the Bloomfield Asso-
ciated Church, and continued in that relation
until 1854, when he resigned. Rev. J. P. Lytle
became pastor in July, 1855, and continues to
minister to that church.

The first tent for preaching stood near the site
of the present meeting house. A tent was after-
wards erected about one mile north of Mr. Rus-
sell's farm, and served until a meeting house was
built, near the eastern side of the present grave-
yard, on the line between sections ten and
eleven. It was of log, 24x24, and built in 1822.
The next house of worship was built near the
site of the present. It was a hewed log structure,
25x40, with two wings, or additions, one each
side, 10x10 ; built in 1831.

The third house was frame, 50x60, located on
the present site, in 1847, and cost $1,300.

In 1858, by common consent, the Associate
Presbyterian and Associate Reformed Presby-
terian" Churches united, under the name of the
United Presbyterian Church. At this time, the
A. P. congregation consisted of one hundred and
ninety members, of which one hundred and
seventy went into the Union, and twenty mem-
bers declined to do so, and built a church for
themselves.

At the first election after the Union, (in 1863),
Robert Thompson, Hugh Wilson, and John Mc-
Donald, were elected elders, and in 1872, John
Miller, Joseph A. Thompson, John G. Eakin,
and Jeremiah Monroe were elected Deacons;
they elected in the congregation for the first time,
about i860, viz : Alex. Russell, John Bennett,
and John Miller ; in 1863, John G. Eakin, John
Simms, and Eli Osier; in 1872, Thomas H. Wil-
son, Hugh Lines, W. McCoy, James Hogseed,
and Alex. McConaghy were elected Deacons,
ordained and installed.

454

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

The present number of members is two hun-
dred and ten.

This history, up to the time of the Union de-
scribed, is the history of the Associate Presby-
terian Church.

Blootnfield Associate Presbyterian Church. —
June i2th, 1858, the congregation met at the
semi-annual meeting, and, whereas tlie Chair-
man and Clerk, with a number of the congre-
gation, having gone into the late Union with the
Associate Presbyterian and Associate Reformed
Churches, Dr. J. M. Lane was called to the
chair, and John Bell appointed Clerk, when the
following preamble was read and adopted :

" Whereas, We the undersigned, membei's of
the Associate Congregation of Bloomfield, not
seeing our way clear to enter into the Union that
has been consummated at the late meeting of
the Associate Reformed Synods, do therefore
declare that we will stand firm to the doctrine
held to and witnessed for the Associate Church
of North America, and do further declare our-
selves to be the Associate Congregation of
Bloomfield, and as our present pastor. Rev. J.
P. Lytle, has gone into the above named Union,
we declare ourselves vacant : therefore,

•'•Resolved, That we, through a committee, call
upon our brethren in the ministiy of the Associ-
ate Church, for supplies of preaching ; and, also,
that we defray the expense of the same.

" Therefore, on motion of James Achison, John
Bell and Neal McNiglit were appointed said
committee, and the above resolutions adopted
and signed by the following members of said con-
gregation, who protested with others.

"John M. Lane, Chairman.
"John Bell, Clerk.

"Protest. — Robert Achison, John Bell, James
R. Achison, Juliana Achison, Rose A. Achison,
John M. Lane, Susanna Lane, John Achison,
Ebenezer Achison, M. R. Achison, Messer
McNight, Neal McNight, Margaret McNight,
Mary Bell, Jane Bell,Mrs. John Bell, Harriet Bell,
and others. Said committee immediately corre-
sponded with the Northern Indiana Presbytery,
asking to be taken under their care, and supplied
with preaching, as the ministers of Muskingum
Presbytery had all gone into the U. P. Church,
to which said Presbytery responded immediately,
and in September following, the Rev. James
Dixon was sent as supply, by aUthorit}' of said
Presbytery, and an election of Elders was had
in April, 1859, resulting in the election of Robert
Achison, Joseph McCxme and Ephraim McKee-
nan ; at the same time, and by the same author-
ity, a call was moderated by Rev. Samuel Flind-
man, which resulted in the choice of Rev. Wil-
liam Ballentine, who continues to be the pastor."

The persons leaving this church to unite with
Ihe new church, retained possession of the church
edifice, and in 1863, this church erected a meet-
ing-house for themselves, and have continued to
occupy it. In 1865, the following officers were
elected :

Ruling Elders — Robert Maxlock, Eli Fisher
and John Ballentine.

In 1872, the following were also elected : Geo.
Fisher, John Bell, J. M. Lane and Matthew R.
Achison. The session has been reduced by
death, to seven members ; the congregation by
death, and removal, to twenty-eight families —
about eighty members.

m'corkle college.

In 1862, Rev. William Ballentine, a minister
of the Associate Presbyterian Church, invited
several young men to engage in preparation for
the ministry, offering to hear their recitations in
his study. They accepted his proposition, and
were joined by others, until his study was insuf-
ficient for their accommodation, when the meet-
ing-house was offered and accepted by them.
This new-born institution, was named the Bloom-
field High School. The students were studious,
and when ready to enter the senior class, in 1866,
the Synod took notice of the promising school,
and determined to give it an earnest support,
and to that end passed an act appointing Robert
Achison, John Bell, William Finney, Samuel
McKee, Robert Hyslop, Robert Brown, A. Mc-
Creery, J. H. Johnson and John Baird, a Board
of Trustees.

Bloomfield Academy was incorporated in 1869,
and a home purchased for the use of the stu-
dents. Such was their progress, that a college
building became a necessity. J. Bell, as Presi-
dent of the Board, was appointed general finan-
cial agent, and, in that capacit}^ raised funds
sufficient to warrant them in entering upon the
erection of the college building. In the fall of
1872, the foundation was laid, and the spring
term of 1873 was held in the basement. A
charter was obtained February 12th, 1873, and
the institution was clothed with universitj'
powers. Rev. W. Ballentine, A. M., was
elected President; James Hindman, A. B.,
Vice President ; and R. C. Kerr, A. B., Pro-
fessor of Languaoes.

The college has an endowment of eight thous-
and dollars, and, including the value of buildings
and grounds, a capital of twenty thousand dol-
lars. The situation, in the eastern portion of the
village, is pleasant and attractive, and the' ac-
commodations are ample.

BLOOiVlFIELD CE:METERY.

The site, having been selected by the citizens,
was donated by Walter Hogseed ; the deed,
however, was not recorded. In 1879, ^" ^^~
ditional one-third of an acre was obtained, and
a deed made for the whole by James Hogseed,
the tract then comprising three and one-third
acres. The first person buried there was Lor-
enzo Dow, a school teacher, in 1818.

Petrified. — Peter Bond was buried just north
of Peter B. Geyer"s house, in 1853 ; his friends
determined, in 1878, to remove his remains to
Bethel Cemetery, and found his body completely
petrified ; probably caused by being saturated
by a stream surcharged with limestone.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

455

TANNERY.

In 1835, David T. Bigger erected a small
tannery, on the road from New Concord to
Bloomfield, and continued the business about ten
years.

PHYSICIANS.

The first resident physician in the township
was Dr. E. S. Wortman. He lived on the north-
east quarter of section sixteen, in 1839.

Dr. A. B. McCandless came in 1856, and
located in Bloomfield, and. remained four years.

Dr. R. T. Wark began practice in Bloom-
field in 1850, and remained twenty years.

Dr. J. Morris Lane located in the village in
1848, and is still in the service, much to the grat-
ification of his patrons.

BLOOMFIELD.

The town site of Bloomfield, was originally
owned by David Rankin. In 1853, Thomas
Clegg bought a few acres and laid out lots seven,
eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve and thirteen,
north of the Cambridge road. William Weylie
laid out lots one, two, three, four, five and six,
south of the road, and Daniel McLane laid out
lots fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, west of the
othei's. The surveying was done, November 8th,
1853, by Joseph Fisher. John D. Hogseed made
an addition in March, 1873, and J. P. Lytle
made another in September, 1879. Bloomfield
contains McCorkle College, William Ballentine,
principal ; an U. P. Chuixh, Rev. J. P. Lytle,
pastor; an A. P. Church, William Ballentine,
pastor.

Sago Postoffice, W. A. Mintier, Postmaster ;
he also keeps a store ; J. Morris Lane, M.D. ;
a grist and saw mill, Theophilus Wark, proprie-
tor; Mrs. M. Guthrie's grocery; J. W. 'Mc-
Kinney, blacksmith ; J. L. Morrow', shoemaker :
Wilham Hammond, undertaker ; Mi's. Guss
Parr, milliner.

BLOOMFIELD POSTOFFICE.

The first Postmaster was John Crooks, who
was appointed August 29th, 1857 ; his successor
was William Weylie, appointed in 1862, who
served until September 14th, 1865, when Rob-
bert Guthrie was appointed. Mr. Guthrie died,
and Mrs. Guthrie was appointed, June 24th, 1868,
and served until. October, 1874, when she was
succeeded by Alexander Wilson, who was ap-
pointed October ist, 1874, and served until Jan-
uary, 1876, when he was succeeded by John J.
White, who was succeeded April ist, 1877, by
W. A. Mintier, the present incumbent.

The mail is supplied to this office from New
Concord Depot.

SCHOOLS.

The first school house was a round log structure,

24x24, with puncheon floor and furnishings. It
stood on the northwest quarter of section eleven,
then (1818) owned by Walter Hog.seed. It
sei'ved the double purpose of school house and
"meeting house." This building was subse-
quently moved further down the Cambridge road,
just beyond the present residence of Theophilus
Wark. It gave way in after years to a hewed
log hexagonal building. There were two other
buildings of this shape, used for school purposes,
but they have disappeared.

The first teacher was Lorenzo Dow. He died,
and was buried near the scene of his labors, in
1 8 18, and was the first person buried in the
grounds that became Bloomfield Cemetery. It is
said that John Bell introduced into school No.
4 the first blackboard in eastern Muskingum.
It was made by Peter B. Geyer, one of his
scholars, in 1843.

There are six good frame school houses, in as
many districts in this township, at this time, and
under the management of a Board of Education,
who are proud of our public school sj^stem, and
do what the}^ can to secure its advantages to the
pupils.

STOItES.

The first store was kept in the house where
Samuel Moorehead now lives, by Joseph Graham,
in 1833. The next was kept by William Mason,
between the roads opposite Mr. T. Mark's house,
east of the village of Bloomfield. He carried on
the business there from 1835 to 1843. The next
store was located in the tiuangle formed by the
junction of the Adamsville and New Concord
roads, in Bloomfield, in 1848, and was conducted
by George Buchanan. He was succeeded by
William WeAdie, who built a new store on the
corner, lot No. 3, opposite the present post-
office, in 1851, and continued in business until
1866. In 1852, Thomas Forsyth began busi-
ness in the old store, between the Concord and
Dresden roads, and, in 1854. built a store on the
corner, lot No. 13, now occupied by W. A.
Mintier. He retired from business in 1857. After
Forsyth, came Atchison & Bell, then Atchison
& Bro., James Black, J. F. Warrick, and Thomas
Mackey. W. A. Mintier, the present occupant,,
began business in the same building in 1877.

MILITARY RECORD.

The following list embraces nearly all of the
patriots of this township who dared to fight for
and preserve our country in the hour of peril,
when rebel hordes would have desolated our
homes and given birth to something akin to des-
potism. The list was furnished bv Mr. T. Wark.
and is doubtless as near correct as it is possible
to make it at thislate date. We give the names
and regiments in the order furnished, which are
as follows :

Companies A and F, Seventy -eighth Regi-

4S6

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

ment O. V. I.— G. H. Hobland, J. L. Geyer, D.
R. Bell, John McWhirter, Hiram Moorhead,
John P. Ross, Mathias Trace, John R. Wilson,
David Wilson, John W. Sarbaugh, John H.
Trace, Charles S. Wylie, Alexander McCon-
aughy, Joseph Ramsey, Jefferson H. Miller, Jo-
seph G. Thompson, J. B. Case, John McCune,
J. A. Newell, J. R. McHary, A. D. Simpson,
A. G. Scott, A. H. White, James Galiher, Jo-
seph Scott, John B. Scott, Thomas C. Wilson,
Isaac H. Bradford, Joseph Simpson, Samuel
Paxton, Jasper Halsey, James McDonald, H. A.
McDonald, John Holland.

Sixty-second Regiment O. V. I. — A. L. An-
derson, Joshua Wright, W. C. Ramsey, George
Jones.

One Hundred and Twenty-second Regiment
O. V. I.— Jefferson McMillen-, John McMillen,

John Fell, Peter Hammond and his son

Hammond, Benjamin Angell.

One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment O. N.G.,
in Shenandoah Valley. — Commissioned officers:
Captain, Matthias R. Trace ; First Lieutenant,
Joseph Scott ; Second Lieutenant, Adam L.
Hammond ; Sergeants, Robert M. Atchison,
George Fell, John S. Duff, David W. Ross,
Thomas B. Glass ; Corporals, William Ham-
mond, Adam L. McMichael, Washington N.
Geyer, James A. Atchison, William Duff, Leon-
ard Featherbee, John Davis, Jerome Waters ;
privates, Alexander Arneal, Adam N. Anderson,
Joseph B. Bell, James H. Bell, Ephraim Barnett,
James M. Bigger, John M. Baird, Isaac D.
Bradford, William Caughj', William Cowden,
James N. Cowden, Andrew G. Cams, Charles
H. Emmach, Valentine H. Forsyth, Thomas M.
Fisher, George Fisher, John W. Fisher, William
Fell, Thomas J. Geyer, John Glass, Samuel J.
Geyer, John Guthrie, Daniel G. Geyer, Matthias
Hogseed, John T. Howell, Robert Jamison, An-
drew G. McCall, David Martin, Matthew Mc-
Neal, Robert Moorhead, James C. Moorhead,
James M. C. Moorhead, Alexander McBride,
William Marshall, William L. Miller, Alexander
Maxwell, William McCormick, John Osier, Sam-
uel Ramsey, Oliver Rankin, James Ramsey,
Austin J. Starrett, Robei't Scott, John B. Scott,
William T. Smith, James McC. Smith, James
M. Scott, Jacob Simpson, Thomas F. Shaw,
James Trace, Daniel F. Trace, David G. Tliomp-
son, Thomas Vickes, Thomas H. Wilson, Jo-
seph White, William Weyle, James Wilson, Ben-
jamin B. White, Samuel C. Wortmaii.

Fifteenth Regiment O. V. I. — P, Patterson,
John D. Patterson, Jacob Campbell, John Wil-
son, David Wilson, James Wilson, James Gali-
her, A. L. Hammond, Solomon Hammond, Al-
bert Hammond, James Anderson, Samviel Guth-
rie, Robert Thompson, William Guthrie, James
Thompson, Samuel Thompson, John Thompson,
James Paxton, James Case, Charles Simpson,
Matthew Cherry.

Ninety-seventh Regiment O. V. I. — George
Fell, George Bell, and George Wires.

MONROE TOWNSHIP.

DERIVATION OF NAME FIRST SETTLER FIRST

LOG HOUSE — FIRST ORCHARD — WA-KA-TOM-I-KA

INDIAN VILLAGES PIONEERS TOPOGRAPHY

SOIL FORESTS COAL ANCIENT SCRIPTURE

ON ROCKS RESERVATION, FOR. SCHOOL PUR-
POSES FIRST ROAD BOUNDARIES OF TOWN-
SHIP OTSEGO, AND ITS DIRECTORY FIRST OR-
CHARD, AGAIN FIRST TAVERN, OR HOTEL

FIRST FRAxME HOUSE STONE HOUSE— ; FIRST

BIRTH FIRST SCHOOL METHODIST EPISCOPAL

CHUliCH FIRST CEMETER.Y FIRST DEATH

MILLS DAM FIRST MARRIAGE MAYSVILLE M.

E. CHURCH TANNERY ^PLEASANT VALLEY M.

P. CHURCH- — PHYSICIANS FIRST STORE FIRST

THRESHING MACHINE BLACKSMITH CARPEN-
TER OTSEGO BAPTIST CHURCH OTSEGO PRES-
BYTERIAN CHURCH FIRST MOWING JLVCHINE

UNION CHAPEL iM. P. CHURCH FINE STOCK ;

HOGS, CATTLE, SHEEP.

This township was named for James Monroe,
the fifth President of the United States, who was
born in Westmoreland count}% Virginia, in 1758.
His father's given name was Spence ; his moth-
er's maiden name was Elizabeth Jones. He was
educated at the College of William and Mary,
and, immediately after leaving college, identified
himself with the Colonists, in their struggle for
freedom. It was the memor}' of this character-
istic that induced the colonists of this township
to choose him for their patron saint — and so they
named the township Monroe.

The first settler in this region was Charles
Marquand, ■ who immigrated from the Island of
Guernsey, France, and located on Wills creek,
in the northwest corner of Monroe townsliip,
with his familj', in 1810. John Marquand, his
grandson, occupies a part of the old homestead.
Charles Marquand built the first log house in the
township : he cleared the first ground and set out
the first orchard, which was on the northwest
quarter of section one.

James Sprague came from Bedford county,
Penns\l\ania, and located at Wakatomika, Ohio,
in 1802. In 1812, he, with hit. sons, Samuel, Jon-
athan, and Elijah, cut a road from Symmes creek
to White Eyes creek, and to the Indian village
that occupied the same site now occupied bv the
N'illage of Otsego, and moved there in May, of
that year. They planted corn on the site of the
deserted \illage, but it did not ripen on account
of early frost, and tliey were obliged to procure
corn from Wakatomika for the first 3'ear"s provis-
ion. His first house w as built on the northwest
quarter of section thirteen, and was raised by him-
self and family. At that time there was no land
entered within the bounds of Monroe.

Jacob Bainter also came from Pennsylvania,
and bought lots twenty-nine and thirty, of the
" School Land," and located upon the same in
181 2. Adam Bainter located on lots six and sev-
en, of School Lands, at the same time.

John Stoner, also from Pennsylvania, settled on
the southeast quarter of section thirteen, in -the

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

457

year 1814. David Richardson came from Ver-
mont in 1816, and bought Stoner's pkce. His
wife, Mary, taught the first school in the neigh-
borhood— in her own house. She died in 1880,
in the ninety-second year of her age.

In 1817, Tunis Elson came from Pennsylvania,
and settled upon the southeast quarter of section
two, now owned by Decatur Buker. Jared Cone
came from New England, and bought of James
Sprague the northeast quarter of section thirteen,
in the year 1813.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The territory comprising this township is situ-
ated in the extreme northeast corner of Muskin-
gum county. It is drained entii-ely by "White
Eyes" creek, (so named in commemoration of
the noted Indian by that name, who, notwith-
standing he was indeed the white man's friend,
was murdered by white men). The stream trav-
erses it from the southwest to the northeast cor-
ner. Wills creek just touches the northwest cor-
ner of the township, and effects very little drain-
age.

In the southern portion of the township, the
hills are of comparatively easy ascent and de-
scent, but the northern part is more broken. The
soil is well adapted to some kinds of farming —
generally a preponderance of sand, supplied from
adjacent cliffs. There is need of skillful labor,
and hence, as this is the price of good crops, the
fields present *an appearance of thrift. The fa-
mous forests of southeastern Ohio are well repre-
sented here, though not nurtured. Coal of good
quality, and in apparently inexhaustible quanti-
ties, is found here.

ANCIENT SCRIPTURE ON THE ROCKS.

On Robert Wilson's land are to be seen a num-
ber of «i-ocks engraved with characters not famil-
iar to our people. They are believed to be chief-
ly English letters.

When the Government surveyed this township,
the southwest quarter was reserved for school
purposes, and surveyed into one hundred acre
lots, numbered from one to forty, commencing at
the southeast corner of the four thousand acre
tract, and ending on the northwest corner of the
same.

The first road was made between Symmes
creek and the present site of Otsego, by James
Spi-ague and sons, in 1812. The first regularly
laid out road was svirveyed by Charles Roberts,
in 1815, from James Lindley's, in Union town-
ship, to the mouth of Wills creek. The next was
from James Sprague's, in Monroe township, (then
Higliland township), to Colonel John Reynolds'
store, on the Wheeling road, in Union township,
in 1817, by Joseph K. McCune, surveyor.

The County Commissioners, July 2d, 1819, de-
fined the boundaries of Monroe township, as fol-
lows : "Beginning on the noitheast corner of
Muskingum countj-, thence west to the line di-
viding the sixth range ; thence south to the line
dividing the second and third townships, in the
sixth range ; thence east to the county line ; thence

north, with the county line, to the place of be-
ginning."

The place of election for township officers was
James Spragues'.

OTSEGO.

There is but one village in Monroe township.
The site occupied by it was entered by JameS'
Sprague, in 181 1, and afterwards sold to Moses
Abbott and Francis Wires. In 1838, they pro-
cured the services of James Boyle, the County
Surveyor, and laid out the town. The eastern
portion was laid out by Abbott, and the western
portion -by Wires. The town was named after
Otsego, New York, by Dr. Alonzo DeLamater.
It has never been incorporated. It is a desirable
point for business, and contains a Methodist
church (T. H. Scott, pastor) ; a Baptist church ;
a postoffice, with A. V. P. Hager as Postmaster ;
three physicians (named under the title of-"first
physicians") ; a hotel, by Joseph C. Miller, and
another by Joseph C. Simmons : a general vari-
ety store, by A. V. P. Hager, and one by Boyce
& Cowden ; a drug store, by Dr. A. L. Jackson ;
a grocery, by Thomas H. Davis ; shoe shop, by
Thomas H. Davis ; blacksmiths — James T. Case
and Isaac McGraw ; wagon shop, by John Ham-
mond ; harness shop, by Marquis Norris : tan-
ner}', by Walker & Co. ; a carpenter — Thomas
Riney ; a cabinet maker, E. H. Bradford ; millin-
ers— Catharine C. Wortman and Phoebe Riney ;
coal dealers — William and Alfred Smith. The
village has twenty-seven houses, and one hundred
and twentjr inhabitants.

The first orchard in the township was set out
by Charles Marquand. James Sprague and sons
hauled a load of apple trees from Wakatomika,
on a sled, through the woods, and set them out
in the woods, where Otsego now stands. This
was in April, 181 2.

The first wagon was brought to the township
by James Sprague, in 1812.

The first hotel, or tavern (the latter term was
more familiar), it is believed, was kept bv David
Richardson. He built tlie house now kept by
Joseph C. Miller, about 1837, ^^^ "kept hotel."
After him came George Hahn and Thornas Mil-
ler, who kept tavern in a house erected upon lot
nine, opposite the present store of A. V. P. Ha-
ger. This tavern was burned in 1870, and never
rebuilt. In 1865, Joseph C. Simmons opened
hotel on lot four, and ten jears later moved upon
a farm. In 1876, he again opened a hotel on lot
fifteen, in Otsego, (Abbott's part of same.)

The first frame house was built by Martin Rich-
ardson, in 1813, on section nineteen, where Har-
rison Honnold now lives. The first brick house
was built by David Richardson, on the southeast
quarter of section thirteen (now owned b}' Caleb
Buker), in 1819, and is still standing. The first
stone house was built by Caleb Buker, and is: oc-
cupied by his son.

The first person born in the township was
Levinia Sprague, daughter of James and Susanna
Sprague, July 29, 1814.

The first school was taught by Mrs. Mary

4S8

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Stoner, in her own house. Her husband brought
her from Pennsylvania, and settled on the south-
east quarter of section thiiteen, in the year 1814,
and she oped school soon after. The next school
was taught by Mary Richardson, from Vermont,
in 1816-T7. She taught in her own house, one
^ half mile south of Otsego, and had ten or twelve
pupils, four of whom were living in 1880, viz :
Samuel Sprague, Elijah Sprague, Frederick
Bainter and John Bainter. The first school
house built for that purpose was on 'the south-
west quarter of section eight, now owned by
Benjamin Bradford. This was in 181 7.

The First Baptist church basement was also
used for a school room.

There ai^e now five good school houses, dis-
tributed for the convenience of the township.

MILLS. ^^

The first sawmill in the township was built b}^
Martin Richardson, in 1817, on White Eyes
creek, where Flarrison Honnold now resides.
The first gristmill was built by Tunis Elson, in
1819, on White Eyes creek, on the northwest
quarter of section one. John Dill was the mill-
wright. This mill did good service, although it
had but one run of buhrs. About 1840, Messrs.
McDonald and Achison became proprietors, and
ran the mill four years, when it passed into the
hands of H. and J. Bradford, who still own it.

A dam was built across Wills creek in the
northwest quarter of section five, in the year
1819, by Charles and Peter Marquand, who then
erected a sawmill, to be run by this power, but
did not complete it until 1820. They built a
carding and gristmill, which went into operation
in the fall of 1829.

The carding mill was operated until 1850, when
it ceased, and was started again during the war
of the Rebellion, and run for about two years.

In 1867, J. M. Johnson became proprietor of
the gristmill, which contained three runs of buhrs,
and he continues to operate it.

Samuel Sprague built a sawmill in 1839 — loc^i-
tion not known — and sawed a large proportion
of the lumber for the buildings in Otsego, at that
time. .

The first mairiage was solemnized between
Samuel Sprague and Mary Smoot, in Octo-
ber, 1820.

CHURCHES.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was the first
in the township. It was gathered together in
18 16, by Jacob Young and Wm. Knox, who or-
ganized the first class, which comprised the fol-
lowing members : George Bainter and Lydia,
his wife, and their son, John ; Ashfield Watrous
and Elizabeth, his wife ; Samuel Sprague, Cath-
arine Kelly, Miss Jack and Charles Marquand.

Charles Marquand was the Class Leader.
Preaching occurred at the house of George
Bainter.

This class was merged into the Methodist
Protestant Church in 1828.

The first public graveyard was on Caleb
Buker's place, south of Otsego. Francis Rich-

ardson was the first person buried there, in 1817.

The first death in the township was that of
Timothy Watrous, in 1818. His daughter died
about the same time, and they were bui'ied where
Walker's tannery now stands, and, after four
years, they were taken up and bnried in the
Water's graveyard, situated on section ten.

Maysville Methodist Efiscofal Church. — In
the year 1822, Rev. J. P. Durbin, of the Zanes-
ville circuit, organized a class at Hugh Ballen-
tine's house, with the following members:

Hugh Ballentine, wife, Mary, and family ; Wm.
Clark, wife, Nancy, and family ; Charles Wilcox,
wife, Nancy, and family. Meetings were held at
Ballentine's house until 1848, when a church was
built, on the northwest quarter of section five.
This was a frame structure, 30x40. It was
burned in 1854, and rebuilt, of the same size, in
1855, and is yet standing.

The maximum number of members was eighty.
The present number is seventy-five. The pastor.
Rev. J. Wilson, is of the East Plainfield circuit.

The Leaders are Charles Wilcox, August
Erman, John Edwards, and A. Roderick. The
Stewards are Simon Roderick and J. M. Johnson.

The first person buried in the graveyard, con-
nected with this church, was Catharine Preston,
in 184 1.

Pleasant Valley Methodist Protestant Chttrch. —
This class was organized in 1828. or '29, bv Rev's.
Myers and Gibbons, and composed of the follow-
ing members : James Holcomb and Electa, his
wife ; Phineas Palmer and Margaret, his wife ;
David Richardson and Marv, his wife ; James
Sprague and Susanna, his wife ; Samuel
Sprague, Elijah Sprague and Elizabeth, his wife.
Phineas Palmer was Leader.

The first meeting hou.^e was built in 1835. It
was a frame structure, 35x42. located on the site
now occupied b}' the cemeterv. It was I'emoved
in 1870, and the present edifice built b}- Thomas
Riney. It is a neat and comfortable house,
28x50, pleasantl} situated, in the vallev just north
of the town of Otsego.

The membership numbers one hundred and
fifteen. The pastor is Rev. Thomas H. Scott.
The Leader, Martin R. Palmer ; the Steward,.
Decatur Buker ; the Trustees, D. J. Abbott,
Joseph C. Miller, Lafayette Buker, Richard
Boyce, and Harrison Honnold.

Otsrg-o Baptist Church. — This societj- was
composed of members who withdrew from the
church at Adamsville, Elder William Spencer,
pastor, for the convenience of chinxh organiza-
tion nearer home. The pioneer preachers in
this region, before the formation of a church,
were: Rev. Barton Hawley, Elders Rees,
White, William Spencer, and Rev. William
Mears.

The following persons having obtained their
letters from the Salem township Baptist Churcii,
were, on the 20th of July, 1844, constituted the
Otsego Baptist Church, by Elder William Sed-
wick, who, from that date, took charge of the
congregation, and served as pastor until May
19, 1849, when he resigned :

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

4S9.

• JaredCone, Sr., Eliza Cone, Nelson F. Rich-
ardson, Drusilla Richardson, Elizabeth Emler,
Sarah Bradford, Phillip Darner, Rebecca Dar-
ner, Harriet E. Frazier, Maria Wortman, Ellen
Trimble, Charles Foster, Margaret Foster, Eliza-
beth Buker, James Trimble, Mary Trimble,
Robert Trimble, William Hague, Lewis Lane,
Gilbert Ross, Casper Bradford, Barton Cone,
Charles Frazier, Rebecca Trimble, Margaret
Ross, Abraham Emler, Mary Emler, Daniel
Milton, Susan Milton, George Milton, Mary J.
Milton, David McVicker, Elizabeth McVicker,
Sarah Sprague, James Reed, Matilda A. Reed,
Asheba Lane, G. C. Sedwick, H. C. Sedwick,
Ruth Nash, William Emler, and Mary Emler.

January 3d, 1849, Elder D. L. Clouse, took
charge of the church and served as pastor until
November 30, 1850, when he resigned to accept
another charge. The church then called Rev.
J. B. St. Clair, who began his pastorate Febru-
ary 8, 185 1, and served until May, 185 1, when
death closed his earthly career, and the congre-
tion mourned the loss of a good man.

In August, 185 1 ,_Rev. B. Allen came to the pul-
pit, and served the congregation until August,
1854, when he took charge of the church at New
Concord. The church was then supplied by Rev.
E. W. Handel, for one year, from September,
1854, when Elder Hugh Brown became the pas-
tor, and served until September, 1859. ^^ ^'^~
tober, of that year, C. T. Emerson, a licentiate,
from Newcomerstown, Tuscarawas county, Ohio,
moved into the vicinity of the church, was or-
dained, and became their pastor, and served un-
til September, 1862, when he resigned.

Elder WiUiam Sedwick, of Adamsville, was
called a second time to the pastorate of this
church, in October, 1862, and served until Aug-
ust, 1866,. He was succeeded in September,
following, by the Rev. G. T. Jones, of Antrim,
Guernsey county, Ohio, who served two years ;
and in April, i8"68. Rev. J. G. Whitaker, was
called to the pastorate, and continued until
March, 1872, when he alternated with A. Jordan,
and J. C. Skinner, until June, 1873, when Rev.
A. Woder, of Coshocton, became pastor for
one year. InT875-6-7, the Rev. J. G. Whitaker
served them as pastor, and in September, 1878,
S. R. Mears, a hcentiate, and graduate of Den-
ison University, was called, ordained, and in-
istalled as pastor.

The first church was built of brick, thirty by
forty feet, at a cost of one thousand dollars, in
1840. The second church was built in .1869;
was forty by fifty feet, and cost two thousand five
hundred dollars.

The officers chosen at the organization were :
Deacons, Jared Cone, Sen., and Gilbert Ross.
The Trustees were: David Richardson, Sr.,
Philip Darner, and Jared Cone, Sr.

The present officers are as follows :

Deacons — George Bradford, and William
Walker.

Clerk— Charies Walker.

Trustee — Benjamin Bradford.

Treasurer — Robert Walker.

Otsego Presbyterian Church. — In 1848, the
Rev's. William Wilson, and William Wallace,
being appointed by Presbytery, organized the
church, which was named, " Mt. Pleasant Pres-
byterian Church, "' with the following members :
Malcolm McNeel and Isabel, his wife, John
McNeel and' Margery, his wife, Malcolm Mc-
Neel (the less) and Eliza, his wife, Mary and
Margaret McNeel, James McNeel and sistei-s,
Margery, Margaret, Sarah, and Mary, Arthur
Hamilton and Catharine, his wife, Samuel Ham-
ilton and wife.

The Elders elected, were : Malcolm McNeel,
John McNeel, and Arthur Hamilton ; the Dea-
cons were: Samuel Hamilton, and Malcolm
McNeel, (the less).

A frame church, 30x36, was erected on the
northeast quarter of section nineteen, on lands of
Malcolm McNeel, one acre and a quarter being
subsequently donated for this purpose, by the
McNeel heirs ; the church was finished in 1849,
and is still occupied by the congregation.

Rev. William Wallace was the first pastor,
and officiated until 1852, when he died, and the
church had no settled pastor for a few years.
Rev. Robert Marquis was next called, and re-
mained with the church three years, preaching
one-half of his time, and was then employed for
his whole time by the Cambridge congregation.
The Rev. W. V. Milligan was his successor
in this church, serving three j^ears. There has
been no regular pastor since that time, but the
pulpit has had occasional supplies ; of these,
pi-incipally, were Revs. Watson, Russell, Alex-
ander, McBride, March, and Williamson. Rev.
McKnight Williamson is the present pastor.

The Elders are James Lane, John Glenn, and
Arthur Hamilton. Deacons and Trustees — L. C.
Hamilton, Joseph Young, and Isaac McGraw.

The name of the church was changed from
"Pleasant Hill" to "Otsego" Presbyterian
Church at the time of the union of the new and
old school divisions of the church.

Union Chaf el Methodist Protestant Church. —
Anno Domini, i860, a number of the citizens of
the neighborhood, where this society was formed,
assembled at a private house, in the capacity of a
prayer meeting, and so earnest was the desire for
an outpouring of God's Spirit on the little band,
that it came, and they were revived to that degree
that they determined to organize a class, which
was done, the Rev. H. T. Lawson officiating.
The following persons became members of the
class : Robert Donaldson and Nancy, his wife,
Frances Holcomb and Susan, his wife, Elijah
Sprague and Elizabeth, his wife, G. W. Vensel
and Sarah Ann, his wife, Samuel Echelberry
and Charity, his wife, Hannah Elson, and AHce
Elson.

The Leader chosen was Robert Donaldson ;
the present Leader is Jerome H. Waters, who is
also Steward.

MOWING MACHINE.

The first mowing machine was introduced by
John S. Abbott, in 1855.

460

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

TANNERY.

The first tannery was inaugurated by Joseph
Walker, in 1826. It was located on lot No. one,
of the school lands, and in 183 1, he moved it to
lot thirteen, where he conducted the business
until 1870, and then removed to Otsego, and built
on lots thirty-four, thirty-five, thirty-six and
thirty seven, of Wires' addition to that town plat.
It is now operated by R. A. Walker, son of
Joseph W. Walker, and is the only tannery in
Monroe township.

PHYSICIANS.

The first resident physician was Dr. Cass, in
1830. He made his home with David Richard-
son.

In 1832, Dr. Alonzo DeLamater arrived from
Otsego, New York, and beg^n the practice of
medicine, and continued until death closed his
career, in 1839. ^^ ^''•^ succeeded by Dr. G.
W. Mitchell, who practiced one year, and was
succeeded by Dr. William DeLamater, brother
of Alonzo D. Dr. James Hull began the practice
of medicine in 1841, and was shortly after suc-
ceeded by Dr. McVickers, who remained about
two years, and was succeeded by Elijah Wort-
man, in 1848. Dr. J. M. Lane commenced prac-
tice at Otsego, in 1865, and was followed by Dr.
Nathan ,B. Ridge way, in 1870, and was suc-
ceeded by Dr. A. L. Jackson, in 1878. The
present physicians are Dr"s. A. L.Jackson, J. J.
Bradford, and Abraham Walker.

STORES.

The first store in Monroe township was that
kept by Charles and Peter Marquand, on Wills
Creek, in 1834. The first store in- Otsego was
kept by Alonzo and Ralph DeLamater. They
built their store-house where Boyce & Cowden
now keep about the year 1837. The next mer-
chant was Thomas Wilson ; and about this time
Thomas McCall opened a store in the building
now occupied by Joseph C. Simmons as a hptel.

In 1839, James Bell built the corner storehouse,
occupied by the postoffice, in 1880 ; he carried
on the mercantile business four years, and was
succeeded by 'Squire Marshall ; after him, came
Caleb Buker, and then, (1865), A. W. liague,
the present occupant. William and Clark Ford
also kept store in Otsego for a short time. In
1871, G. B. Johnson opened a store at Johnson's
Mills, where he ig still in business.

The first threshing machine was introdviced
by Thomas McCall, about 1835. It was a
" tread power."

The first blacksmith was Parker Shepardson,
whose shop was on White Eyes' Creek, abont
where Jerome H. Waters now lives. This was
in "an early day."

John Thompson was the first carpenter.

FINE STOCK.

Hogs. — The Chester White were imported in
1862, by Decatur Buker. He now has also Po-
land China and Essex.. Lafayette Buker is the
principal stock raiser at present.

Durham Cattle. — In 1865, Decatur Buker and
Barton Cone purchased three head of " short
horns," of J. G. Hagerty, of Licking, county,
Ohio, and one of H. H. Haukins, of Clinton
county, Ohio, and one from John G. Coulter, at
a total cost of $650. These were the first fine
cattle introduced into the township, and from
which the Monroe farmers improved their herds.

Merino Sheej). — Ebenezer Achisoh was the
first to introduce this breed of sheep. The ex-
periment, however, was a failure on his part, as
the people could not be induced to appreciate the
runts, and he himself ultimately gave them up,
and it was not for years afterwards that their
value was discovered and their gradual introduc-
tion accomplished.

SALEM TOWNSHIP.

IN 1774 "THEIR PEACEFUL SHADES" ABSENCE

OF RECORD FIRST SETTLER PIONEERS TO-
POGRAPHY SOIL STREAMS THE OLDEST

"blaze" AGRICULTURE STOCK RAISING

FIRST ORCHARD FIRST FRAME HOUSE STONE

HOUSE BRICK HOUSE FIRST MOWTSR

SULKY RAKE THRESHING MACHINE— SHORT

HORNED CATTLE MERINO SHEEP FIRST

PUBLIC ROAD FIRST MARRIAGE FIRST BIRTH

FIRST DEATH GUNSMITHS BLACKSMITH

CARPENTER MILLW^RIGHT NEW HOPE

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH MILLS

FIRST SCHOOL MUSKINGUM NORMAL SCHOOL

SALEM BAPTIST CHURCH FORMATION OF

TOWNSHIP FIRST DISTILLERY POSTOFFICE

ADAMSVILLE ITS SETTLEMENT, INCORPORA-
TION AND DIRECTORY PHYSICIANS FIRST

STORE— FIRST TAVERN ADAMSVILLE M. E.

CHURCH " SALEM CHAPEL " M. E. CHURCH

"GOOD hope" LUTHERAN CHURCH "BEULAh"

BAPTIST CHURCH MILITARY RECORD.

This territor}' was probably traversed by white
men as early as 1774, when, by order of the
Governor of Virginia — the Earl of Dunmore —
Colonel Angus McDonald marched against the
Indian town, Wakatomika, near the present site
of Dresden, and spread desolation among those
simple children of the forest. We cannot now
see a reason to justify this procedure, indeed, if
we illumine the past never so fully — history finds
no justification for might making right! But
they are gone to their fathers, who first enjoyed
the allurements of those grand old forests ; amid
their peaceful shades hunting the appetising
game, and drawing from the limpid waters tooth-
some fishes, and " worshiping in God's first
temples." That their loss was our gain, we, of
course, with due selfish gravity, proclaim, and
add, " to the victors belong the spoils." In the
briefest retrospection we say that the fortunes of
war have discovered the beauty and fertilitj'^ of
most of our country. And those who have made
their homes in the Muskingum Valley easily ap-
propriate these maxims, and recount how their

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

461

ancestors " fought, bled and died " for the inher-
itance they now enjoy.

But one thing mars the completeness of this
picture, and that is the absence of the record
concerning those who wereliere probably before
1810.

The first actual settler in this township, Wil-
liam Denison, came from Massachusetts, and
located on the northeast qviarter of section fifteen,
in 1810. His son, William S. Denison, now occu-
pies the property, and claims that his father was
the first actual settler in the present Salem
township.

Jesse Williams came with Denison, and mar-
ried his daughter, Lucy, and settled on the north-
west quarter of section thirteen. Jacob Swigert
came soon after, and located on lot forty, of the
school land, in Salem. Philip Shi'oyer located on
lot eleven, of the same lands. Peter Worts on lot
eight, and Jacob Gaumer on lot twenty-eight,
about 181 1. Lawrence Wisecai-ver, George
Stoner, Peter Li vingood, George Shurtz, Samuel
Shurtz, John Shurtz and Jacob Sturtz were early
settlers. Joseph Stiers came in 1815, and settled
on the southwest quarter of section eight. Wil-
liam and Stephen Starkey came from Virginia
and settled about the same time, and Thomas
Collins located on the southwest quarter of sec-
tion thirteen, in 1815. The Rev. William Spen-
cer located on lot thirty-six, of the school lands,
in 1816.

TOPOGRAPHY.

Topographically the territory embraced in this
township is moderately hilly, with a considerable
part of the surface very low, called "prairie."
The highest grounds are in the southern part, on
WilHam Drummond's farm, on which there is a
cone-shaped hill, known as " Drummond's
Knob." When first settled by the whites, the
prairie lands were covered with a coarse grass,
or low brush. Within the memory of the
" oldest inhabitant " large trees have grown from
these brush oaks, but much the greater part has
been cleared away, and the land converted into
fertile grain and meadow fields.

The soil is a mixture of sand and clay, and
generally quite fertile. The principal streams
are SaltCi-eek, which enters from the east, flows
in a westerly direction through the township, and
turning southeastward passes into Perry town-
ship; and Prairie Run, its principal tributary,
which rises in the northeastern part of the tovvn-
ship, flowing south and west, and unites with
Salt Creek, on Dolphin Winn's farm ; and there
are two branches of Symmes Creek that pass
through the northwest corner of the township.

THE OLDEST " BLAZE " IN THE TOWNSHIP.

Mr.Sutherland Stiers, a reliable citizen, resid-
ing on section eight, one mile south of Adamsville,
relates that in 1868 he cut down a large white
•oak tree for rails, and found within, the body of
the tree a number of distinct marks, successive-
^ Iv one above the other, appearing to have been
-made for the purpose of a "blaze," or road-mark

— cutting in with an ax and hewing the hacked
surface down in the usual manner, and that the
growth of the tree had enveloped, but not oblit-
erated these marks. He, with his neighbors,
carefully counted the growth, or annular rings,
and found them to number one hundred and
sixteen, which, subtracted from the date of dis-
coverj% would make the date of their making
1752. These marks could not have been made
with a tomahawk, and seem to have been made
with such an ax as Americans use. 1752 was
twelve years before Boquet's expedition, and
ante-dates Braddock's expedition. Who made
them?

AGRICULTURE.

Grain raising was formerly the leading occu-
pation ; now stock raising divides the honors, and
is receiving considerable attention.

HORTICULTURE.

The first orchard was planted by the first set-
tler, William Denison, on the farm now occupied
by his son, William S., where he built the
first frame house in the township, in 18 12.

The first stone house was built on the north-
east quarter of section sixteen, by Jacob Zim-
merman, in 1827. William S. Denison built the
first brick house in 1841, and now occupies it.

The agricultur ^ implements changed slowly.
Mr. W. S. Denison introduced the first mower
and sulky rake. The first threshing machine
was operated by Singleton Hardy. It was styled
a " tramp" machine.

FINE STOCK.

The first short horned cattle were brought into
the township by W. S. Denison, and, although
not raising thoroughbreds, he has a fine herd of
" grades."

In 1861, W. W. Adams purchased some
thoroughbreds of Moses Robertson, Washington
county. In 1868, he bought a bull in Coshocton
county, and since that time has purchased of Mr.
Robertson two calves at $75 each, and from these
he has raised a fine herd of high grades, having
crossed Durhams and Devonshires.

The first merino sheep were introduced by
non-residents, in 1858.

The first public road in the township was sur-
veyed from Zanesville to Plainfield, in Coshoc-
ton county. The next was from Mechanicsville.
to Livingood's Mill, on section eighteen.

The first marriage was between Jesse Williams
and Lucy Denison, " high contracting parties,"
in 1810. The first birth was their son, Gordon,
born in April, 181 1.

The first death recorded was Catherine
Gaumer, wife of Jacob Gaumer, in 1816. She
was buried in the ground set apart for a grave-
yard, by the Lutheran Denomination, and was
the first person buried there. This is the oldest
cemetery in the township. The land was deeded
for church and cemetery purposes, by Jacob
Gaumer.

462-

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

GUNSMITHS.

Jacob Gaumei" lived on lot twenty-eight of the
school land, and repaired guns, and occasionally
did blacksmithing, in 181 1. He may be called
the first blacksmith. The descendants of Peter
Wertz and Abner Wade, cotemporaries of Gau-
mer, dispute and claim this honor.

The first carpenter and millwright was Stephen
Starkej'.

CHURCHES.

New Ho^e Evangelical Lutheran Church was
organized in 181 1, by Rev. Anthony Wej^er,
with the following members : Jacob Gaumer and
Catharine, his wife ; Philip »Shroyer and Mai'ia,
his wife ; Peter Wertz and Susan, his wife ; Hen-
ry Bainter, Adam Bainter and wife, Samiiel
Shurtz and Mary, his wife ; George Shurtz and
wife, Christian Shroyer and wife, Catharine ; Ja-
cob Gaumer, Jr., and Elizabeth, his wife ; Dan-
iel Gaumer and Hannah, his wife ; Cathai-ine
and Margaret Shurtz, John Shurtz, John Ault
and Mary, his wife ; Jacob Sturtz, Jacob Shroy-
er, Abraham Shroyer, Anthony Slater and Susan,
his wife, and George Stoner and wife.

The Elders, from 1812 to 1818, were Daniel
Gaiimer and Fi-ederick Munnig (now spelt Min-
nick). The Elders, from 1818 to 1821, were
Samuel Shurtz and Frederick Garijan (now spelt
Yarian).

The Deacons, from 181 2 to 1818, were Jacob
Gaumer and John Stoner; from 1818 to 1821,
Michael Shain and George Shurtz.

The Trustees, from 1816 to 1818, were Jacob
Gaumer, Adam Lander, Daniel Gaumer, Philip
Shroyer, and Jacob Gaumer, Jr.

The first church was built on the northwest
corner of lot twenty-eight, the site now occupied
by the Lutheran Cemetery. It was a small struc-
ture, erected in 1817, and, in 1838, was removed,
to give place to a two-story, brick church, which
did service until 1870, when a new frame build-
ing was erected. The corner-stone was laid May
14th, 1870, by N. J. Knisely, and the house was
finished the same year. It is forty-two by sev-
enty, and cost six thousand dollars. The dedi-
cation ceremonies were performed May 28th,
187 1, bv Rev. M. C. Horine and Rev. J. A.
Roof.

The old church site and graveyard, consisting
of about two acres, was donated to the Trustees
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, in 1819, by
Jacob Gaumer, and the present site of the church
(about one acre), was donated for that purpose,
by Jonathan Gaumer.

The following is a list of those who have served
as pastors of this church :

Anthony Weyer, 181 1 to '15 ; Andrew Henkle,
1815 to '18 ; Liidwig Sheid, 1818 to '20 ; Samuel
Kaemmerer, 1820 to '59; A. N. Bartholomew,
1859 to '7°! J- P- Hentz, 1871 to '73 ; John We-
ber, 1873 to '80 — and the latter is the present in-
cumbent.

The present membership numbers one hundred
and fifty.

The Deacons are G.W.Bell, Peter W. Sturtz,
Jonas Bainter, and J. W. Vinsel.

The Elders are John O. Shrigley and Solomon
Gaumer.

The Sunday School has an attendance of nine-
ty, with Peter W. Sturtz as Superintendent.

Salem Baptist Church was organized October
10, 1818, by the Rev. Amos Mix and Rev. Hen-
ry Pringle, with the following membership : Wil-
liam Spencer, and Catharine, his wife ; Jesse
Williams, and Lucy, his wife ; William Cooksey,
and Elizabeth, his wife ; John Lawrence, Amos
Stackhouse, Philip Shoflf, Elvira and Sarah ShofF,
Mordecai Adams, and Hannah, his wife ; Isabella
Ackerson, Rebecca Tennis, Ethelinda Denison,
Rachel Jordan, Sarah Whittenberry, Lucy Bab-
cock, Lucretia Slack, and Susanna Hickman.

The first Deacons were, John Fitz and Caleb
Jordan.

The first church was a small hewed log struc-
ture that stood just east of the present village of
Adamsville, and was built in 1822 ; in 1838, it was
removed, and a building, 40x60 feet, erected, at
a cost of $1,000. In 1872, this building was tak-
en down, and a new frame, 36x52 feet, erected
in its place, at a cost of $2,500. ,

The first pastor was Rev. William Spencer,
who was ordained in 1818, and served till 1839 ;
Rev. William Sedwick was installed in May,
1839, ^^^ resigned in 1857 ; Rev. W. D. Sieg-
fried became pastor, January 16, 1858, and resign-
ed in April, i86i ; when Rev. Simeon Seigfried
Jr., was called, and resigned October 7, 1865 ;
Rev. H. N. Harford came next, and served from
March, 1866, one year ; Rev. E. B. Smith came
in April, 1867, and remained until March 12,
1870; February It, i87i,Rev. J. G. Whitaker
became pastor, and remained until 1875 • Rev.
H. H. Dunaway became pastor in Majs 1876,
and resigned December 13, 1879; since which
time the church has been supplied by Rev. Rich-
ard Harrison.

The present membership numbers sixty.

The Deacons are, John Fitz and H. N. Gore.

Adamsville Methodist E-pisco^al Church. —
The first class was formed by Rev. Thomas
Buckle, in 1840, with the following members :

Joseph Stiers and Sarah, his wife, Michael
Ellis and wife, Theodore Bailey and wife, Noah
lionnold, Thomas Roe, and Mrs. Armstrong.
Andrew Magee was the preacher in charge.
The first quarterly meeting was held in Noah
Honnold's barn. May i6th, 1841.

The first Class Leadfer was Theodore Bailey.

A frame chuixh, 40x56, was built in Adams-
ville, in 1842, at a cost of $1,500, and is still in
service, and in good condition.

The following preachers, on the Adamsville
circuit, have ministered to this church :

In 1840, Thomas R. Ruckle and Andrew
Magee ; 1841-2, Thomas R. Ruckle and Ludwell
Petty ; 1842-3, Ludwell Petty anu C. Morrison ;
1843-4, Walter Athej' and Chester Morrison ;
1844-5, Walter Athey and I. N. Baird ; 1845-6,
I. N. Baird and David Cross : 1846-7, Edward

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

463

H. Taylor and David Cross ; 1847-8, E. H. Tay-
lor and C. E. Weirich ; 1848-9, C. E. Weirich
and P. K. McCune ; 1849-50, David P. Mitchell
and Patrick K. McCune ; 1850-1, D. P. Mitchell
and Robert Boyd ; 185 1-2, Andrew Magee and
Z. S. Weller ; 1852-3, Andrew Magee and Z. S.
Weller ; 1853-4, James H. Bray and Hiram Sen-
sabaugh ; 1854-5, James H. Bray and Walter A.
Bray ; 1855-6, David Cross and James Moore
1856-7, David Gordon and Ebenezer W. Brady
1857-8, David Gordon and Wm. B. Watkins
1858-9, John E. McGaw and Wm. Devinney
1859-60, John Huston and George McKee
1861-2, W. Darby and W. R. Fouch ; 1862-3,
W. Darby and L. S. Keagle ; 1863-4, S. Lewis
and H. S. White ; 1864-5, J. H. Rogers and
Joseph Shane ; 1865-6, James H. Rogers and
James E. Starkey ; 1866-7, J- H. Rogers and
John C. Castle ; 1867-8, J. P. Saddler and W.
H. McBride; 1868-8, J. P. Saddler and W. H.
Stewart ; 1869-70, J. P. Saddler and J. W. Miles ;
1870-1, M. C. Harris and J. C. Russell; 1871-2,
A. V. Galbraith and J. C. Russell ; 1872-3. J.
W. Toland and J. C. Russell ; 1873-4, T. C.
Russell and T. F. PhiUips ; 1874-5, J. W. Toland
andT. F. Phillips ; 1875-6, J. Q^ A. Miller and
T. F.Phillips ; 1876-7, T. W. Anderson and W.
L. Davidson ; 1877-8, T. W. Anderson and D.
W. Knight ; 1878-9, T. W. Anderson and D. W.
Knight; 1879-80, Henry M. Rader and J. R.
Hoover.

The present number of members is eighty.

The Leaders are George E. Honnold, Thomas
Cooksey, and Addison Stiers.

The Stewards are A. C. I'omhnson and Ed-
ward Spencer.

The Salem Chafel M. E. 'Church. — The first
class consisted of Richard Johnson, Leader, and
Eliza, his wife ; Benaiah Spragg and Nancy, his
wife ; Joseph Stiers and Margaret, his wife ; G.
Tousler and Martha, his wife ; Solomon Baugh-
man and Nancy, his wife ; John Daily and
Talitha, his wife Joseph Johnson, Ruth Johnson,
Nancy Crane, and others, whose names are
not remembered.

Benaiah Spragg donated an acre of ground,
in the southeast corner of section eighteen, for a
church site, and in 1852, a frame building, 40x50,
was erected, at a cost of about $900.

The Trustees, at the time, were Benaiah
Spragg, Richard Johnson, and James Johnson.
The preacher in charge was Andrew Magee.
The Leaders were William Drummond, James
Radcliff, and Washington Spicer. The Stewards
were Richard Haynes, William Drummond, and
William Elsea.

The present number of members is ninety.

The preachers are H. M. Rader and J. R.
Hoover.

Good Hofc Lutheran 0?/rc/^.— This church
was ol-ganized by Rev. Wm. Gilbreath, in 1868,
with the following membership: Levi Stotts
and Amanda, his wife; Charles Sturtz and
Rachel, his wife ; John Sturtz and Louisa, his

wife ; Elizabeth and Sarah Wisecarver, and
Elizabeth Wine. Levi Stotts was Leader. The
Stewards were Levi Stotts, Charles Sturtz, and
W. W. Adams.

Rev. Thomas Drake was pastor from 1870 to
1874. Samuel Shreeves became pastor in 1877.
and is the pi-esent incumbent.

In 187 1, a frame building was purchased in
Adamsville, fitted tip for the church, and dedi-
cated November 5th, 187 1. The congi'egation
have worshiped here since that time.

The Sunday School was organized soon after
the church, and has about one hundred scholars.

Levi Stolts is Superintendent.

Beulah Ba-ptistChiirch. — In March, 1872, Rev.
E. W. Daniels held a series of meetings in Sa-
lem Chapel, and organized a Baptist Church,
with the following membership : Isaac Dai-ner
and Ann, his wife, Samuel Bowman and Han-
nah, his wife, Delphini Winn and Catharine, his
wife, R. J. Winn, J. A. Winn. H. N. Winn,
Hattie A. Winn, Nancy M. Winn, William
P. Winn, Robert Scott, John Whitcraft and
Samantha, his wife, J. W. Bratton, Elizabeth
A. Bratton, Lizzie Hunter, J. R. Bratton, Mary

A. Bowman, Emma Hardy, Emmeline Williams,
Mary Huft", Lucy Williams, Jared Williams, and
Austin Lehew. In the fall of that year, the congre-
gation assembled in Milligan's school house ;.and
in 1873, they bought one and a half acres of land of

B. A. Mornson,offthe northeast quarter of section
twenty-two, on which a frame building, 32x42,
was erected, and dedicated January nth, 1874,
by Rev. T. Powell.

The first Deacons were, Isaac Darner and R.
J. Winn; Trustees — Delphini Winn, Isatic Dar-
ner and Samuel S. Bowman.

The present Deacons are, Isaac Darner and
H. P. Bowman, The present membership num-
bers seventy. The present Trustees are H. P.
Bowman, Thomas Mower, and Jared Williams.

The first pastor was Rev. W. J. Dunn, who
was followed by Rev. S. G Barber, August Jor-
dan, J. C. Skinner. C. C. Erwin and E. W.
Daniels, the present incumbent.

PHYSICIANS.

The first physician in Salem was Dr. Jacob S.
Reasoner. He began the practice of his profes-
•sion in 1832, and continued in that place until
r853. Dr. Henr}' Decker came to Salem in
1839, ^"^^ continues in the service. Dr. Jared
Cone began the practice of medicine here in 1845 .
and remained ten years. Dr. James Crawford
came in 1835, and remained seven years. Dr's.
L03' and Blake were here in 1841-2. Dr. John
Mills studied with Dr. Decker, and practiced
from 1843 to 1850. Dr. P. A. Baker came in
1857, and practiced until A.D. 1879. D^'- Sidle
practiced during i860. Dr. Thomas Gaumer
came in 1879, '^"'^ continues to "hold the fort."

STORES.

The first store was owned by Thomas Few, of
Union township, and kept b}' Gibson Collins, in

464

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

Adamsville, in 1833 or '34. The store building
stood where Geyer's store is now located. He
was succeeded by Werts & Deggett.

J ared Cone came to Adamsville in 1835, and
built on lot two, of Adams' plat, and opened a
store. This was the first general store in the
township. He was followed, in 1838, by Roe &
Armstrong, who opened in the Collins building,
on lot nine, and, in 1839, moved to lot four, of
Wheeler's addition, and quit the business in 1842.

Ruff & Leslie began in the Collins building in
1839, '^"^ closed out in 1843. Denison Ross
and Isaac Stiers commenced bvisiness in 1844,
and kept the store a short time. James Darling-
ton put in an appearance, just sufficient to make
it necessary to mention him. Jacob Stenger be-
gan in 1852. H. S. Roff and John Mills em-
barked on the commercial sea in 1853, and were
followed, by various parties, im the same build-
ing, until 1863, when A. Jordan and Wm. Sed-
wick opened store. They dissolved a year later,
and Mi". Jordan sold out in 1875. He was suc-
ceeded by Zimmer & Hurdle, VanKirk & Baker,
and Wesley Stiers. C. A. Geyer began in 1877,
on lot nine ; A. C. Tomlinson, on lot two, Adams'
plat, and A. Jordan, on lot four, Wheeler's ad-
dition, in 1878. These three are still in business.

TAVERNS.

The first tavern in Salem township was kept by
Denison Ross, who built a hotel on lot four, 01
Wheeler's addition to Adamsville, in 1838. He
subsequently sold it to John Bratton, and it h^s
passed through the hands of John Zimmerman,
Jacob Stenger, David Richardson, Samuel Van
Kirk, G. W. Shoemaker, and perhaps several
others. R. H. Lowe keeps the only hotel in the
place at this time.

MILLS.

Peter Livingood built the first mill, in Salem
(then in Highland township), aboui 1814 or '15.
It was a huge, rough, substantial structure (very
like its owner), and was located on the southwest
quarter of section eighteen, below the forks of'
Salt creek. This, being the only gristmill in the
township, was a great convenience to the settlers,
and Peter did not fail to appreciate the import-
ance of his services. About 1830, Mr. Livin-
good sold this mill to a Mr. Bratton, who ran i.t
for several years ; but, at present, a single de-
cayed post marks the spot where once flourished
"Peter Livingood's mill.'

In 1832, Joseph Bowers erected a sawmill, on
Salt creek, on the southeast quarter of section
sixteen, and, in 1849, ^^'^^ ^^^^ property to Jacob
Kieffer, who moved the sawmill to the east bank
of the creek, and, in 1869, built a frame grist-
mill, twenty-five by thirty, adjoining, and put in
a small pair of corn buhrs. In 1870, he added a
pair of French buhrs, for grinding wheat. The
mill is still in good condition, but, owing to the
inconstant supply of water, cannot be run more
than four months in the year.

Charles Sturtz built a sawmill on , a branch of

Sj'mmes run, in section four, in 1836. This mill
sawed most of the lumber used in building the
houses in Adamsville. It has been mustered out
of service.

Samuel Harris and Isaac Stiers built a steam
sawmill, on lot twenty-one, of the school land,
about 1850, and, in 1852, sold it to Mr. Shrigley,
who put in two run of buhrs. In 1854, Mr. G.
W. Shoemaker became proprietor, and, in 1855,
Mr. John Skinner associated with him.. In
1856, this mill was destroyed by fire, and has
never been rebuilt.

In 1862, Charles Beck built a steam grist and
saw mill, near Adamsville, containing two run of
buhrs, and, in 1873, sold them to John D. Hanks,
who repaired them and is the present proprietor.
This is the only mill of the kind in Salem town-
ship.

THE FIRST SCHOOL-HOUSE IN SALEM.

The first school-house in Salem, was built on
the northwest corner of lot thirty-seven, of the
school land, in 1817, and the first school began
in December, of that year. The teacher was
Abraham Smith. Amy Wade taught, in 1820,
and Mr. Colvin in 1822.

There are now three schools in the township,
and three good, substantial, frame school-houses.

THE MUSKINGUM NORMAL SCHOOL.

This institution owes its inception and, meas-
urably, it existence, to the ambition of Prof. E.
Spencer, to secure for this region a higher de-
gree of efficiency in the schools. The energy of
the Professor, in this behalf, resulted in the in-
auguration of the school, July 19th, 1880, contin-
uing six weeks, with the following faculty :

Prof. E. Spencer, Principal of the Public
Schools, Adamsville, Ohio : Prof. B. Spencer,
Instructor in Latin, Greek, and Histor}'. Deni-
son Universit}' ; and Miss Maud E. Bodine, In-
structress in plain and ornamental Penmanship,
Medina, Ohio.

Classes were formed in Penmanship, Elocu-
tion, Grammar, Geograph}-, Arithmetic, Greek,
United States History, and Theory- and Practice
of Teaching. Ninet\-one students were in at-
tendance. Nine lectures, on practical topics,
were delivered during the session. The terms
were an a\'orage of five dollars for tuition.

FORMATION OF TOWNSHIP.

This township was originally a part of High-
land, when that township was ten miles square.
In July, 1819, the County Commissioners set ofl'
the township of Salem— five miles square. The
name was derived from Salem, Massachusetts, a
number of the early settlers being from that re-
gion. The northeast quarter of the township is
"School Land," and surve3'ed into one hundred
acre lots, numbered from one to forty,' beginning
at the southeast corner of said quarter of the town-
ship, numbering north and south alternately, and
ending at the northwest corner.

In compliance with the order of the County
Commissioners, the first election was held at the

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

465

bouse of Jesse Williams, but tbe records bave not
been preserved, and we have to depend upon tra-
dition, wbich informs us that Rev. William Spen-
cer was Justice of the Peace while Salem was in-
cluded in Highland. In 1819, when Salem was
organized, Joseph Stiers was elected Justice for
the new township, and served until 1837. ■ 'The
elections were sometimes held at the house of
Thomas Collins, who lived near the center of the
township.

In 1846, the polls were moved to Adamsville,
and the elections have been held there ever
since.

The officers of the township, in 1880, were as
follows :

Justices of the Peace — Edward Spencer and F.
P.Winn. •.

Constable — George Kerns.

Clerk— J. W. Elsea.

Assessor — George W. Shoemalcer.

Treasurer — J. V. Zimmers.

Trustees — Hugh King, J. H. Bainter, and Ri-
ley Gaumer.

Board of Education — J. C. Taylor, Mitchell
Handel, and F. P. Winn.

Supervisors — Edward Brock, Phillip Spragg,
Flavins Francis, N. M. Honnold, G. P. Werts,
Martin Bowers, J. C. Taylor, and Jacob Crane.

The lirst distillery was built by Phillip Baker,
on the northwest quarter of section nineteen, in
1819. George Stoner had a "still-house" on sec-
tion four, in 1822, and his whisky was in such
demand that it was consumed as fast as he could
make it. Mr. Sutherland Stiers, an old citizen,
relates that, when a boy, he carried whisky from
"Stoner's still" so hot that he was obliged to
change hands frequently to prevent the handle
of the jug from burning him. This was "hot
whisky" then, and did not cease to burn when it
was called cool.

POSTMASTJiR.

Jonathan Starkey, who resided about a mile
east of the present town of Adamsville, was ap-
pointed Postmaster by President John Q. Adams,
in 1827, and in 1829, was reiuoved by President
Andrew Jackson, and Henry Bainter, of Monroe
township, appointed. This change caused great
dissatisfaction, and in 1835, Jared Cone was ap-
pointed at Adamsville. Cone was followed by
H. T. Roft", in 1853, and he was succeeded by L.
D. Stoner, in 1862, and he waslbllowed by Geo.
W. Dilley and Adam Moser. J. W. Garrett was
appointed in 1869, and continues in office. The
office has remained in Adamsville since 1835,
and is supplied from Zanesville tri-weekly, by
hack.

ADAMSVII^Lli.

Mordecai Adams entered the northwest quar-
ter of section seven, and in 1832, having procured
the services of William Beaver, a surveyor, laid
out the town, which he called Adamsville, in the
northrast corner of said section.

In 1835, A. H. Wheeler laid out an addition,
situate on the southwest quai-ter of section four,

but adjacent to the original plat. Subsequently,
Jared Cone laid out several additions.

In 1832, several houses were erected upon the
town site, but as Dr. Jacob Reasoner was the first
to occupy, his was termed the first house, as he
was the first resident in Adamsville. This house
stood on lot ten, and the postoffice is now a part
of that building.

Adamsville was incorporated in 1864. The first
Mayor was David Richardson, and the first mem-
bers of the Council were G. W. Shoerpaker, J.
W. Stiers, and A. P. Baker.

The present officers are as follows :

Mayor — George W. Shoemaker.

Council — August Jordan, John Prince, T. M.
Gaumer, Hugh King, Martin Bowers, and A. J.
Hurdle.

ADAMSVILLE DIRECTORY.

Churches — Baptist, Rev. Richard Harrison,
pastor ; Methodist, Rev's. H. M. Rader, and J.R.
Hoover, pastors ; Evangelical Lutheran, Rev.
John Weber, pastor.

Educational — Normal School, Prof E. Spen-
cer, Principal.

Physicians — Drs. Henry Decker and Thomas
Gaumer..

Postoffice — John W. Garrett, Postmaster.

Stores— C. A. Geyer, A. & J. Hurdle, A. Jor-
dan, and A. C. Tomlinson.

Druggist — ^J. W. Garrett.

Hotel — Robert H. Lowe.

Barbers — ^J. W. Garrett and Henry Ross.

Blacksmiths — J. A. Snoots and Oliver Tritipo.

Butcher — Robert A. Lowe.

Carpenter — W. S. Shirer.

Dressmaker — Laura Sedwick.

Furniture and Undertaker — H. C. Shirer.

Gristmill — John D. Hanks.

Harness and Saddles — Asa Nims and David
Gerber.

Millinery— Molly Ross.

Painter — William Baker.

Plasterer — Christian Aler.

Shoemakers — John Rechel and John Prince.

Tailor — ^Jonas Rerick.

Tinner— J. W. Fitz.

Wagons — George Shuler and Geo. V. Kerns.

MILITARY RECORD OP' SALEM TOWNSHIP, 1861-5.

Armstrong; William : One Hinidied and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Aler, Christian F. : One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Aler, Christopher T. ; One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Aler, Frederick ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I. ; (wounded in "the Wilderness"
June, 1864 ; died at White House Landing, Va).

Adams, Martin ; Tenth O. V. C.

Atkinson, Lou; Tenth O. V C.

Ault, Andrew; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Armstrong, Alexander : One Hundred and
Sixtieth O. N. G.

Brown, Joseph ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

466

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, bHIO.

Baker, Lewis ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Bogen, William ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Bowman, A. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Bowden, John ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Bowden, Timothy; One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Bowden, William ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Bowden, Edward ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Brock, Edward ; One Hundred and Sixtietii
O. N. G.

Baughman, Joseph; Ninety-seventh O. V. 1.

Bowden, Daniel ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Bartholomew, Alvin ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Bowman, George ; Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Baughman, Smithfield ; Sixteenth U. S. I.

Baughman, Ezra; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Crane, Jacob ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Collins, G. A. ; Sixty-second O. V. I.

Crane, John ; Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Davis, Benjamin ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Dailey, Samuel ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Decker, Theodore ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Drummond William ; Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Decker, T. A. ; First O. V. C.

Dickinson, William; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Dailey, Joseph ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Elsea, John; Second O. V. I.

Forrest, James ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Ford, Harry ; One Hundred and Ninety-first
U. S. I.

Gladden, Henry ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Gaumer, Henry ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Geyer, James W. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Gear, Samuel H. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Gilsin, George ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Hardy, Washington ; One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Honnold, George E. ; One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Honnold, George P. ; One Hundnd and Six-
tiethO. N..G.

Hardy, Leven ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Hardy, Samuel ; Signal Service.

Henry, Asa ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Hunter, James ; One Hundred and Fifty-ninth
O. N. G.

Ijams, William W. ; One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Jackson, Hiram ; Ninetj'-seventh O. V. I.

Knicely, Isaac; One hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Lhain, John ; Ninety-seventh O. V I.

L.hain, Samuel ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Livingston, William B. ; One Hundred and
Sixtieth O. N. G.

Meisner, Carl ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Miller, Daniel ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Mock, Samuel ; Tenth O. V. C.

McAnna, John S. ; Sixteenth U. S. I.

McKnight, George ; Sixty-second O. V. I.

McDowell, John W. ; Sixty-second O. V. I. ;
died at Suffolk, Virginia.

McGaw, H. D. : Second O. V. I.

Neuzinger, Jacob ; Second O.V.I.

Orndorff, John ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Oliver, John ; Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Peidlinmier, Frederick ; Sixtj^-second O. V. I.

Richardson, Orin ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Rorick, O'P. ; Second O. V. I.

Rorick, Marion ; Third O. V. I. ; the tirst to
volunteer from Salem township.

Rorick, Jesse, First Lieutenant ; Sixty-Second
O.. V. I.

Roff, J. W. ; Ninety -seventh O. V. I.

Ross, David; Ninety -seventh O. V. I.

Ross, Jacob H. ; Fourth O. V. I.

Richardson, Levi P. : Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Rofl, H. H. ; Marine service; killed at Fort
Jackson, Mississippi.

Ross, Robert ; Tenth O. V. C.

Rorick, William ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Rochel, John ; Ninth O. V. C.

Seigfried, Simeon, Captain ; One Hundred and
Sixtieth O. N. G.

Shroyer, Solomon. First Lieutenant; One
Hundred and Sixtieth O. N. G.

Snoots, John, Second Lieutenant ; .One Hun-
dred and Sixtieth O.'N. G.

Shirer, H. C. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Sauerz, George ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Shrigley, George; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Snoots, J. A. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Spicer, Washington : One Hundred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Stotts, Jacob ; One Hundred and Sixtietii O.
N. G.

Slotts, Adam ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G. : wounded at Fort Grigg.

Shrum, William B. ; One Hundred and Sixti-
eth O. N. G.

Shirer, James M. ; One Hundred and Fifty-
ninth O. N. G.

Shirer, W. S. ; One Hundred and Fifty-ninth
O. N. G.

Stiner, Joseph ; Sixty-second O V. I.

Shoemaker, Enoch ; Ninth O. V. C.

Stiers, Joseph, Ninth O. V. C.

Snur, F. M. ; Second O. V. I.

Sandel, Michael, Ninety-seventh O. v . 1. :
wounded at Atlanta.

Shirer, Converse; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

46?

Snur, William ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Snur, John ; Ninety-seventh O. V. 1.

Sturtz, Dennis; Seventy-eighth O. V. 1.

Stotts, Nathan ; Seventy-eightti O. V. I.

Snur, Frank; Seventy-eighth O. V. 1.

Sarbaugh, John ; regiment unknown.

Stotts, Claudius ; regiment unknown.

Shirer, B.F. ; Sixth O. V. C. ; died of starva-
tion at Andersonville, January 7, 1865.

Sturtz, C. : One Hundred and Ninety-first U.
S. I.

Sandel, Andrew : One Hundred and Ninety-
i^rstU. S. I.

Taylor, C. C. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Taylor, J. C. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Thomas. George ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

Tritipo, Oliver M. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth
O. N. G.

TituSj Frank ; Second O. V. I.

Trustier, William ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I. ;
killed at Mission Ridge.

Taylor, Samuel J. ; Seventy-eighth O V. I.

Tomlinson, A. C. ; Signal service.

Vernon. Asa ; Second O. V. I.

Vernon, Joseph ; Second O. V..I.

Vernon. Ezra; Second O. V. I.

Vernon, Josiah ; Seventy-eighth O. V..I.

Vernon, Cyrus.

Vernon, Nicholas ; Fifteenth U. S. I.

Willifims, H. Harrison ; One Hvindred and Six-
tieth O. N. G.

Winn, A. M. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Wiles, F. M. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

Werts, George P. ; One Hundred and Twen-
ty-second O. V. I.

Winn, R. J. ; Second O. V. I.

Winn, Hiram ; Second O- V. 1.
' Watts, George ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Wheeler, Newton ; Ninety-seventh O. V. I.

Whitcraft, J. R. ; Seventy-eighth O. V. I.

Watts, W. W. ; Signal service.

Zimmer, J. V. ; One Hundred and Sixtieth O.
N. G.

. Zimmer, Jacob ; One Hundred and Twenty-
second O. V. I.

War 0/ 1812. — Collins, Thomas.
Denison, Gurdon.
Dailey, John.
Dailey, William.
. . Stiers, Joseph.
Vernon, Joseph.
Williams, John.
Wine, John.

Mexican War.
Rorick, Jesse.

-Nolan, .William.

BRUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP.

PRE-HISTORIC RECORD MOUND BUILDERS FIRST

WHITE SETTLERS FIRST ROAD BRUSH CREEK

ROAD FIRST BRIDGE — FIRST BLACKSMITH ^A

hunter's EXTREMITY CARPENTEIJS PHYSI-
CIANS FIRST SAWMILL DAM ACROSS BRUSH

CREEK GRISTMILLS TANNERIES FIRST

SCHOOL "THE CLASS OF 1814 " FORMATION

OF THE TOWNSHIP TOPOGRAPHY SOIL — THE

POT'J-ER's AliT- — CANNEL COAL IRON SALT

FIRST JUSTICE OF THE PEACE AND SUCCESSORS
FIRST SALT WELL LUTHERAN CHJJRCH LU-
THERANS AND PRESBYTERIANS BUILD A CHURCH

CHANGE. IN SYNODICAL CONNECTION

FIRST DISTILLERY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

PIONEER STORE ANTIOCH UNITED BRETHREN

CHURCH ZOAR BAPTIST CHURCH AMITY SUN-

'dAY SCHobi STOVERTOWN — ^CHRISTIAN TEM-
PERANCE UNION FIRST BRICK FIRST POST

ROUTE GEOLOGY.

The history of this township has, in addition
'to the usual historic data, that revive old time
memories, and enable the pioneers yet on the
stage of action, to live over the scenes that in-
spired their earlier life, become hencefoi'th the
most notable in the county, and gained a place in
the Arch^logical world, that invests it with no
ordinary importance. As, whoever is interested
in the pound builder's history can not fail to
consider the peculiar topography as inviting that
peculiar people to its hills, and valleys, especi-
ally will they desire to study the remains they
left in this township, in connection with those in
other parts of the State, and in other parts of the
United States, that, though prehistoric, are yet in
a, sense classic ground. The mound builder chap-
ter in this work will be found a compilation from
the most distinguished , writers on the subject;
and of such importance that it is assigned a
special place in this work.

The first settler, in modern parlance, was
George Swingle, a native of Saxony, in Ger-
many. He was born July 4, 1756, and at the
age "of sixteen entered the armj , in which he
served eight years, and during which period his
parents died. When his term of service was
ended, he sailed for America, and located in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in
shoemaking, which he seems to have taken up,
without learning the art from a master. Here
he married Mary Magdalene Dietrich, and con-
tinued to reside there until 18 10, when, accom-
panied by his son, Nicholas, he started for "the
northwest country,'" and halted in the region
now known as Brush Creek township, where he
concluded to settle, on the farm now occupied
by Solomon Swingle. After selecting this place,
he left his son to prepare a shelter for them,
whilst he returned to Pennsylvania for the re-
mainder of the family ; and Nicholas, with the
neighbors' help, erected a cabin, into which the
family domiciled soon after. The journey
thither was through the wilderness, then inhab-
ited by savages and wild beasts, and it is anindi-

468

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

cation of the heroism that characterized Mr.
Swingle and the pioneers of tliat day, that they
braved these dangers and attained not only the
mastery over both, but converted these wild
lands into productive fields, and gardens.
Those were the days that tried men's souls in
the most literal sense, for they had to create all
the means of the comfort they enjoyed : and to
contend with the ravages of the raccoon and
squirrel, who wantonly appropriated their corn,
as if it had been planted for them. Mr. Swingle
never became discouraged, however ; during his
first year he made a barrel of maple sugar, and
a barrel of molasses ; for coffee they substituted
parched corn, and for tea they used sassafras
root bark. During the second year, they built a
hewed log house, the first in the township, and
they abandoned the one built by Nicholas ; they
also built a barn and set out* an orchard, atid
planted wheat. George Swingle died on this
place, October 28th, 1844, honored and beloved
by all who knew him. His wife survived him
two years. The only surviving members of his
family, are: Samuel, who lives in Harrison •
township, and Elizabeth Willis, who lives in
Clark county, Illinois — the latter in her eight)'-
second year.

Among the pioneers who came prior to 1820,
and soon after Mr. George Swingle, were
Thomas Davidson, Balsor Dietrich, David

Woodruff, Simmons, Samuel Whitaker,

Lewis Whitaker, Archibald Buchanan, 't'homas
B. McConnell, John McConnell, Joseph Show-
ers, James Brown, Joseph Hudson, Lewis Hud-
son, John Boyd, John Worstall, John Hopkins,
James Hopkins, Christian Baughman, E. Long-
shore, David Woodruff, Virginia David, Martin
Adams, Adam Leffler, Jacob and Henry Stain-
brook, Henry Dozer, Zedekiah Butt, J. Wor-
stall, John Brighton, Abner Brelsford, John M.
Carlisle, Robert Crook, William Thompson,
William McElhany, Michael Wiseman, Peter
Shepard, and "Abe." Stanbrook, Jr.

The first necessity, after securing shelter and
provisions, was a road, and the road was sur-
veyed by Beckwith, running the entire

length of the township, from the Muskingum
river to the Morgan county line, dividing the
township centrally, from north to south. The
date of this survey is not known ; the thorough-
fare has since been known as the Brush Creek
road, which it derived from the name of the
stream which bears that name, and entering the
township at its southern boundary, crosses north-
ward and nearly centrally, through the town-
ship, and empties into the Muskingum river,
which is fairly concealed by a brushj' under-
growth, and hence its name.

The first bridge in this region was built across
Brush Creek, by John Worstall, near the present
residence of John G. McConnell. This was in
an early day.

The first blacksmith to start a fire, in this
township, was Thomas Davidson, who came in
1813, and remained until 1844. The sons of
Vulcan who came after him, were John G. Mc-

Connell, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Harrop,
and Tobias Thomas.

A hunter's extremity.

The pioneers, whether attracted to this region
by the abundance of game of all kinds, or the
salubrious climate and fertile soil, nevertheless,
spent much time in the chase. Henry Dozer,
Adam Leffler, and Henry Stainbropk, were so
fond of this occupation, that the}' were generally
spoken of as "the hunters."

On one occasion, Henry Dozer found a "bear
tree," that is, a hollow stump, of considerable
height, within which a pair of the ursus Ameri-
canus had made their home, and, at this time,
had cubs, which had been left to themselves,
while the parents had gone in quest of food.

Mr. Dozer, feeling safe from molestation, cap-
tured the cubs, and was making off with them,
when Madam Bruin's anxious ear heard their
cry and she hastened to their rescue, and so hot-
ly did she pursue the invader of her home and
the would-be despoiler of her family circle, that
Mr. Dozer was compelled to release the bear ba-
bies, and to defend himself as best he could with
his rifle. Being in very "close quarters," he
thrust the muzzle of his gun into her mouth,
which she seized in her teeth and almost wrenched
it from him, and struck it so violently with her
paws that it was with difficulty he could retain
his hold of it ; but he suceeded in discharging
the contents of the gun into her brain, which
quieted her excitement and saved Mr. Dozer
from her fatal embrace. He then had all the"
bear meat he wanted, and the cubs, beside. The
gun barrel shows the marks of her teeth, and
how certainly Madam Bruin could have crushed
his bones.

Another of this trio, "caught in his own trap,"
came near perishing for want of help to get ovit.
Having made a pit and covered it with branches,
in the usual way, he thought to try it, and it
worked so well that he was precipitated to the
bottom, from whence he could not return, and
thus found himself imprisoned, thirty miles from
the nearest human habitation, and with abundant
opportunity^ to realize "how it was himself" — to
be trapped. There he remained, despite every
eflbrt to get out, and, having been there nearl}'
three days, he was almost resigned to his fate,
when Henry Stainbrook happened to pass near,
and heard his feeble cr}', and rescued him. The
fear of starvation, or being devoured by wild
beasts, had greatly exhausted him.

Black bears were so numerous that Henry
Stainbrook killed two from a beech tree, not
more than half a mile from his cabin home. This
was on the farm now owned \>y William S. Swin-
gle. He cut his name and the year of this oc-
currence— 1815 — in the bark of the tree, and they
remain visible to this day.

CARPENTERS.

The first carpenters were George Swingle, the
Second, and Joseph Showers. The first carpen-
ter work done in the township, was for George

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

469

Swingle, the First. [Tliis designation signified
their priority of coming, and fixed their individ-
uality.]

PHYSICIAN.

The first physician was Doctress Addison, who
"^practiced through all this region," and carried
her bag of roots and herbs like "the great medi-
cinemen" of that day, and was warmly welcomed
at every fireside. This was about 1813.

MILLS.

The first sawmill was built by Samuel Stover,
who built a dam across Brush creek, and thus
found water power to propel his mill, in 1813.
He added a gristmill, in 1819. In 1827 and 1829,
new mills were built, on the old foundations, on
the site afterwards occupied b}' John E. McCoy's
tannery, in Stovertown.

SCHOOLS.

The first school in this township was taught by
David Woodruff, Sr., during the winter of 1814,
in a log house, erected on Adam Baughman's
farm, by George Swingle ; this farm is now the
home of J. S. Baughman. Among the scholars
taught by Mr. Woodruff, were, of "The Class of
1814,' John Swingle, Samuel Swingle, Mary
and Margaretla Swingle, Elizabeth Dietrich,
Reuben, Lewis, and Ruth Whittaker, David and
Lewis Stockdale, Elizabeth and Sarah Stover,
James Bridgener, Stephen, Nathan, and Han-
nah Woodruff, Joseph Hudson, Thomas David-
son, Balsor Stover, and Edwin Erwin.

The schools of this period are under the man-
agement of our common school system, and
~snpplied with comfortable houses, distributed
over the township, where they meet the wants of
the population most advantageously, they are
nine in number : total atendance, 464.

TANNERY.

The first tanner was Archibald Buchanan,
who located on the bank of Turkey run, about
1815, on land now owned by John Aston, and
operated by John E. McCoy and Upton Lybar-
,ger, in Stovertown.

THE FORMATION OF THE TOWNSHIP.

"A petition was presented by a number of the
inhabitants of Harrison township, praying that a
new township be incorporated, viz. : Beginning
at the southeast corner of section thirty-one, in
township number ten, in range number thirteen ;
thence north, with the range between the thir-
teenth and fourte'enth ranges, to the northwest
corner of section number six, in township num-
ber eleven, in the thirteenth range, east, to the
Muskingum river ; thence, down said river, until
it intei^sects the range-line between the twelfth
and thirteenth ranges ; thence south, to the coun-
ty line ; thence west, to the place of beginning,
called Brush Creek township. — February toth,
iSij." — [See Commissioners' Journal.]

TOPOGRAPHY.

Topographically this township is one of the
most hilly and broken in the county. One of the
old settlers facetiously remarks that "we have
more surface to the square mile, and can come
nearer being able to farm both sides of our land,
than any other township in the lot." In ye olden
time, there was a denser growth of large trees,
of all kinds known to Southeastern Ohio, than
in almost any other part of the State. There is
a large area of good timber land now.

The valley lands are the most fertile, and,' be-
ing numerous, this is accounted one of the best
farming regions. The soil is very productive,
even on the uplands, and is composed of clay, -
lime, and sand — notably well adapted for cere-
als. The lowlands are chiefly of a sandy loam.
Sandstone is more abundant than limestone, yet
both are found in sufficient quantities for building
purposes.

There are several varieties of clay, valuable for
pottery, and in quantities that make this a very
desirable region for the potter's art.

Cannel coal has been found, in large quanti-
ties, and of superior quality.

Iron ore has been traced, and is supposed to
abound in this township. Some specimens have
been pronounced very good, but, as yet, none
has been mined for use.

Salt is easily made from the water found at
short distances below the surface.

The first Justice of the Peace was Samuel
Whitaker, who probably began to perform the
duties of his office soon affer the formation of the
township, which was in 1817. He was succeeded
by James Brown, and the following succeeded
each other in the order given : William Thomp-
son, " Zach " Baumgardner, David Butt, John
Baughman, John Thompson, Robert Cummings,
George Dozer, Thomas B. McConnell, Solomon
Dozer, Balsor Dietrich, Thomas Showers,
Abram Morrison, John Plantz, William McCon-
nell, John Baughman, Hiram Dozer, Washington
Louers, George Weaver, John Baughman and
John G. McConnell.

The first salt well was bored by Thomas
Moorehead in the year 1818, on the farm now
owned by Martha and Joshua McConnell. This
proved a success, and the business of salt making
has been a prominent industry in the township
for many years.

CHURCHES.

Lutheran Church. — The Rev. William Foster,
an Evangelical Lutheran clergyman, visited from
house to house in Brush Creek township, from
1812 to 1818, holding rehgious services. . These
visitations and services were conducted during
1818 by Rev. Andrew Hinkle and his brother,
Charles. In 1819, Rev. Andrew Hinkle, assisted
by Rev. Lewis Shite, organized a circuit, con-
sisting of four or more congregations ; one near
Deavertown, in Morgan county, known as the
Jerusalem Church ; one in Brush Creek township,
denominated St. John's Evangelical Church ; one
in Roseville, and one in Fultonham, the latter

470

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

three being in Muskingum county. In 1819, the
Church of St. John erected a church, two miles
;south of the village of Stovertown. The spot
where this primitive log church stood is now
marked by a graveyard, where many of the pio-
neers have been laid. The first person buried
there was Miss Phebe J. Swingle, daughter of
•George Swingle, who died early in the year
181 2. She was identified with the church while
jet in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and died
triumphant in the faith. There was no Lutheran
minister in this region at that time, and Rev.
John Goshen, of Putnam, Muskingum county, a
minister of the Metlu)dist Episcopal Church,
conducted the funeral services. The next pastor
was Rev. Samuel Kammerer, who began his min-
isterial work in 1820. and continued to serve
them for sixteen years.

The Lutherans and Presbyterians united in
building a church, and vacated the old log
church. . This union, for the purpose of erecting
a church, was in 183 1 ; and the two societies
worshiped without disturbance, one from the
other.

The Rev. Amos Bartholomew sei"ved as pastor
from 1836 to 1838, and in 1839, Rev. James
Manning became the pastor. He continued to
serve in the field until 1856.

In 1851, an additional lot, adjoining the one on
which the church stood, was purchased. Upon
this lot, the Lutherans erected a neat frame
church, 36x40, and it was dedicated according to
the usages of the Lutheran Church.

The Rev. John Bugan succeeded Mr. Man-
ning in the pastorate, and remained twelve years,
when the Rev. James Manning was called the
second time to the pastorate. In 1872, owing to
some dissensions among the members, the pastor
resigned, and the pulpit was supplied from Zanes-
ville.

In 1873, the congregation changed its synod-
ical connection by uniting with the English Dis-
trict Synod of Ohio, and, at the same time, with
the Zanesville Evangelical Lutheran Church,
thus forming one charge.

The Zanesville congregation being in want of
a pastor, the two united in calling Rev. William
RuthruflT, of Akron, Ohio. This gentleman had
the happiness of seeing peace restored amid the
troubled spirits. Mr. Ruthruff continued to
serve these churches until May, 1876, when he
was suddenly called from the church militant to the
church triumphant. He left many friends to
mourn his death, but who long to meet him " on
that other shore."

Their next pastor. Rev. Frank Richard's, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is still ministering
to them, and acceptably.

In the spring of 1878, the Brush Creek con-
gregation purchased ground adjoining the lots
above mentioned, and erected a frame church of
Gothic architecture, 66x40, with a steeple one
hundred feet high, at an aggregate cost of $5,000.
The building was dedicated the same year, and
is regarded as one of the finest country churches in
the State. The congregation is free from debt

and in a more flourishing condition than at any
previous time of its history.

The Presbyterian Church. — The first organi-
zation of the Presbyterian Chui'ch in Brush
Creek township, was in 1825, by Rev. James
Culbertson. Services were held at the residence
of Mrs. Turner, a widow lady residing on the
farm since owned b}' James Leasure, and con-
tinued to be held there for some years.

The Presbyterians and Lutherans, Anno
Domini, 1831, united for the purpose of erecting
a house of worship, and at this time the Rev.
Hunt was installed pastor of the Presbyte-
rian congregation. The membership at this time
consisted of Mrs. Turner, Lemuel. Whitaker,
David Woodruff and wife, Thomas B.McConnell
and wife, Hugh Hankinson and wife, William
Thompson and wife, John McCandless and wife,
James French and wife, Daniel Spangler, Mar3'
Stover and Hannah Woodruff. These good
people continued in the faith and were the means
of disseminating the truths of the gospel to
many.

Antioch United Brethren Church. — The in-
ception of this organization was when Royal
Hastings, the first preacher, gathered the people
together and preached to them, in the house of
George Swingle, (the third,) about the year
1830. In this humble cabin he blew the Gospel
trumpet with such unerring sound that they were
constrained to unite the little band into an organi-
zation, and determined to hold regular meetings,
and they met in that house until 1844, when a
cabin was erected, on the farm of Samuel Dozer,
where they worshiped until 1869, when they took
possession of the commodious and neat frame
church that the}' have continued to use to this
da}'. The membership, at the time of organiza-
tion, consisted of Henry Dozer and wife, John
Barringer and wife, George Dozer and wife,
Samuel Dozer and wife, Peter Stainbrook and
wife, and Kate Davis.

The present membership numbers thirty-four,
and the pastor is Rev. Everhart.

Zoar Bafti.t Church. — This church was com-
posed of Samuel Bagley, Joshua Breeze, Wm.
Foster, Henry Hamrick, Wm. Marlow, and
Sarah McCurdy, who were formerly members of
churches of this denomination, and having cer-
tificates of such membership, met in school house
No. 3, on Irish Ridge, Brush Creek town-
ship, June 4th, 1831, and organized this church.
Joshua Breeze was chosen pastor, and they con-
tinued to worship in this school house until the
spring of 1833, when the congregation found it
convenient to provide a building of their own,
the rough log house of the period being con-
sidered sufficiently good for this purpose, as well
as for residence. The}' worshiped there until
1859, when it was deemed expedient to have a
larger house, and a frame structure, more com-
modious and ornamental, was erected, instead
of the old church. This church is still in use.
Their growth has been slow and steady. The
membership enrolled is thirty. Those who have

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

47.1

served this church as pastor, succeeding Mr.
.Breeze, are given as follows : Joseph Sp'erry,
Samuel Moody, Matthew Brown, Peter Ogen,
John Pritchard, J.J. Van Horn, Ephraim Barker,
David Baker, Wm. Fisher, and JohnCroy.

AMITY SUNDAY SCHOOL.

This school was formed with a "Constitution
and Regulations." The first article of the Con-
stitution provided that "This Society shall be
known by the name of Amity Sabbath School
Association, auxiliary to the Muskingum County
Union. Second. That any person contribut-'
ing to the funds of this society shall be a mem-
ber. Third. The affairs of this association shall
be conducted by a Board, consisting of a Presi-
dent, Vice President, Secretary, and Treasurer,
and the Supei'intendent and Secretary of the
school, three of whom shall be a quorum. *
* * * Fifth. The Board shall have power to
call special meetings of the society, fill all vacan-
cies which occur in their own Board, make their
own By-Laws, and adopt such other measures as
may, in their opinion, promote the objects of
this association. Sixth. Any two members of
the Board maj' call a special meeting, of which
due notice shall be given. Seventh. The Con-
stitution may be altered at any regular meeting
of the association, with the concurrence of two-
thirds of the members present. Eighth. The
Superintendent of the school shall be the dele-
gate of the association to represent it at the
annual meeting of the Muskingum County
Union."

Regulations.— ^'nst. This school shall be
called the Amity Sunday School Union. Sec-
ond. It shall open at at 9 o'clock in the morning
and close at 12 (noon) and open again at —
o'clock p. M., and close at — o'clock. Third.
It shall be conducted by a Superintendent, Sec-
retary, and as many teachers as shall offer to
conduct its several classes. Fourth. The Super-
intendent and Secretary shall be elected yearly.
Fifth. The duty of the Superintendent shall be
to direct the general concerns of the school, take
care of the books, and see all the regulations car-
ried into effect. The duty of the Secretary shall
be to record all the proceedings of the school in
the minute book and register, and shall yearly
render a report of the progress and success of the
school to the society. Sixth. Each teacher shall
be regular and punctual in attendance, and shall
not retire from the school room without permis-
sion, and if obliged to be absent, should signify
it to the Superintendent, and, if possible, pro-
cure a substitute to instruct his class. Seventh.
Teachers shall maintain order in their several
classes by the most temperate -measiu-es. They
shall deliver all disorderly scholars to the Super-'
intendent, whose duty it shall be to reprove
them, and to take such measures as may insure
their good order and obedience. Eighth. The'
Superintendent and teachers shall occasionally
visit the schohu-s and parents ; such" intercourse
will greatly aid them in enforcing the rules of

the school, and promote its interests in many
other respects. The absentees shall be visited
by the Superintendent or teacher, every week, if
possible. Ninth. The selected Scripture lessons
shall be used so that every class shall receive in-
struction on the same subiect at the same time,
and the lesson for the next Sabbath shall be an-
nounced at the close of the school. It shall be
the duty of the teachers to prepare themselves
for this lesson by a careful attention to it during
the week. An examination on these lessons
shall take place quarterly, by the Superintend-
ent. Tenth. No scholar shall be permitted to
retire from the school room without the consent
of the Superintendent. Eleventh. Meetings of
business shall be held monthly, or quarterly.
Twelfth. It shall be the duty of the teachers to
attend the concert of prayer for Sabbath schools,
which is held on the second Monday of each
month, to which meeting the people .shall be in-
vited, and the parents particularly. Thirteenth.
The scholai-s and their parents shall be convened
yeai-ly at the church, or school room, bv invita-
tion, and a sermon or address given by the min-
ister, a brief report made, and Such exercises, at
•the discretion of the Superintendent shall be had,
as shall be calculated to excite an interest in the
school. Fourteenth. The scholars are neither
to talk nor laugh during the hours of tuition."

Another meeting was held on the 23d of Sep-
tember, 1831, when the constitution and regula-
lations were adopted, and the following officers
chosen :

President — Lemuel Whitaker.
Vice President — William Swingle.
Treasurer — Adam Baughman.
Secretary — ^John Baughman.
The number in regular attendance was fifty-
five. The society adjourned from November to
April, 1843 ; the "same officers continued. The
average attendance was forty-seven. The verses
committed by scholars was two thousand nine
hundred and seventy-five ; closed October first.
1844 — daily attendance, forty; average number
of verses committed, sixty-one ; closed October
15th. 1845 — opened in Ma}', and closed in Oc-
tober : attendance fifty. 1846 — the Superintend-
ent was Lemuel Whitaker : teacher.s — William
Swingle, Adam Bauglnnan, Joseph Baughman,
David Woodruff, Catharine Baughman, Susan
Stover, Sarah Duval ; dail}- attendance, forty-
five. 1847 — re-election of officers. 1852 — daily
attendance, fifty-five ; number of verses com-
mitted, five thousand nine hundred and eighteen ;
highest number by one scholar, one thousand
three hundred and forty-nine. 1853— number
of verses committed, five thousand one hundred
and nineteen. 1854 — The Superintendent was
George Swingle ; number enrolled, sexenty-two ;
average attendance, fifty : number of verses
committed, two thousand one hundred and fitly.
1855 — the attendance was forty-eight ; verses
committed, four thousand one hundred and fifty-
two. 1856 — the number of teacliers was six ;
the attendance, forty-one. 1859— 11. Prescool
was Superintendent : the attendance, torty-two.

472

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

1862 — attendance, thirtj^-eight. 1866 — B. F.
Swingle was Superintendent ; the attendance,
forty. The attendance in 1867, was sixty-one :
in 1868, forty ; in 1869, forty-two ; in 1870, it
was sixty-two ; in 1871, it was seventy. In 1872,
the classes numbered six ; the scholars seventy ;
the attendance, thirty-seven. In 1873, the
classes, five; enrolled, sixty-one. 1874 — the
classes, five; enrolled, seventy-four. In 1875,
the classes numbered six ; enrolled, seventy.
In 1876, classes, six ; enrolled, seventy-eight.
1876 — enrolled, one hundred and two. 1877 —
enrolled, ninety-six. 1879 — enrolled, one him-
dred and eight.

The foregoing, is a correct abstract of the
records obtained to date. This school has ex-
cited a wide and salutary influence ; surpassing
the fondest expectations of its friends.

CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION.

May 24th, 1877, Thomas McCann and James
Cullins; members of Zanesville Christian Tem-
perance Union, visited Brush Creek township,
for the purpose of organizing a branch society,
auxiliary to the Union. A meeting of the citi-
zens, was held in the church of the United
Brethren, at which James Cullins was President
and Thomas McCann, Secretary, and an organ-
ization, with the following officers, was effected :

President — ^John Cooper.

Vice President — J. M. Riley.

Secretary — Alice McConnell.

Treasurer — Henry Blake.

The name chosen by the society was the
" Brush Creek Temperance Union, " and the
following were charter members: John II.
Cooper, Ella Shepard, Henry Blake, Marshall
Cooper, Alice McConnell, Emma Fonts, How-
ard Andrews, William Stone, Jesse Stone. Wil-
liam F. Price, Caleb Blake, Alonzo Riley,
" Zach" Morrison, John T. Stuart, James Riley.

The association did a good work ; not less
than ninety persons signed the. total abstinence
pledge during the first three weeks.

Tradition has it that " there has not been
any intoxicating liquors sold in the township,
during the past twenty years," and yet, it must
be remembered, that the inhabitants general! \
"do their trading in Zanesville,'' where "the
ardent" is easily had. With this outlook, il
must be considered a signal victory, to have,
gamed such strength.

STOVERTOWN.

This is the only village in the township, and
was laid out and named in consideration of
Samuel Stover, in 1832. He was found mur-
dered, near the upper bridge, in Zanesville, and
after his death, a stock of goods, shipped from
New York to Samuel Stover, arrived at their
destination — were brought here, and the store
formed the nucleus of the town, which contains

a store, shoe shop, hotel, postoffice, Justice of
the Peace, and a physician, and is the nucleus
for a thriving inland town. The highest num-
ber of votes polled in the township, was two
hundred and seventy-four.

FIRST STORE.

The pioneer store was opened in 1830, by
Gottlieb Slyder, on the farm now owned by B, F.
Swingle, near Stovertown. It is said that he
had a choice selection of dry goods, groceries,
and hardware, which were afterwards moved to
Stovertown.

FIRST UISTIl.I.ERY.

The first distiller was Adam Leffler, who came
to this region prior to 1820. His distillery was
located on land _ afterwards owned by Daniel
Longstreth.

BRICK.

The first brick made in the township, were
burned by William Swingle, and were used in
building the house now occupied l3y B. F.
Swingle ; this is said to have taken place at an
early day.

The first post route was from Putnam to Stover-
town. Washington Baughman carried the mail.
This was about 1850.

GEOLOGY.

On the land of Mr. Sloan, near Stovertown,
section thirty-six. in Brush Creek township, a
geological section was made, revealing tiie Alex-
ander seam of coal.

Feet. Incheg.

1. Shale 8 0

■2. Cual ] 4

:i. Clay 0 2

4. Coal 1 t>

■5. Under-clay

On the land of J. Elmore, section thirteen, the
following geological section was taken :

Fert. Intkex.

1. Sundstoni-' S 0

'2. Coal, i-ei)orletl tliickmss 4 I)

3. Mostly laminated sanilstom- 70 0

4. Alexander seam, reporled 0 0

0. Laminated sandstone 45 0

0. Sandy limestone 1 0

7. Laminated sandstone 39 0

8. Blossom of Straitsville or Nelsonville

coal

The two upper coal seams in this section, have
tbrmerly been opened, but the openings, have
fallen in, and no measurements could be made.
It is possible that the seams are less thick than
reported.— 4jGeological Report, 1873, volume i.
p. 329 ; E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist.]

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

473

CLAY TOWNSHIP.

l8l2 ROSEVII.LE THE FIRST CABIN. — NEW MIL-
FORD NAME OF THE VILLAGE CHANGED THE

POST OFFICE FIRST POSTMASTER, AND SUC-
CESSORS THE FIRST TAVERN— FIRST STORE-'

KEEPER FIRST BLACKSMITH FIRST SON OF

CRISPIN SCHOOLS SATAN IN THEIR MIDST

ANOTHER SENSATION THE VILLAGE INCORPOR-
ATED FORMATION OF CLAY TOWNSHIP ELEC-
TION CHURCHES IN UNIONTOWN SONS OF

TEMPERANCE — JONATHAN LODGE, NO. 356, I. O.

O. F. GEOLOGY THE POTTEr's PARADISE

COAL.

ROSEVILLE.

This is the only village in Clay township. It
joins Morgan county on the south, and Perry
county on' the west. It was laid out by Ezekiel
Rose, in 1812, under the name of New Miiford.
Two years later, Mr. Rose built the first cabin ;
and near the same time, Jeremiah Spurgeon
built his cabin. The name of the village was
changed in June, 1830, when a postoffice was ap-
pointed there — there being another Roseville in
Ohio, this change was deemed imperative by
the Postmaster General. John Allen was the
first Postmaster. It is claimed, by some, that
the postoffice is of older date, but no record can
be found concerning this. John Allen's brother,
Robert, had charge of the postoffice until Jack-
son was elected President of the United States,
the second time, in 1832. His successors have
been, Edward Rose, John Forgraves, Orange
W. Pace, R. B. Allen, C. L. Williams
and L. S. Kildow. For many years following
the inauguration of the postoffice, the mail was
weekly, and carried to and fro on horseback.
In those days, the rate of postage, was twenty-
live cents for each letter, payable in silver, by
the person receiving the letter.

In 1837, James Littleton laid out an addition
to the village.

The first tavern was kept by John Laughlin,
in an humble log cabin.

The first store-keeper was Robert Allen,
whose place of business was a small frame
building. Allen & Copeland subsequently
erected a large brick building, and thereby
greatly increased business.

The first blacksmith was Zedekiah Wilson,
who is spoken of as an excellent workman and
good citizen.

The first son of Crispin was one, Forgran,
who "kept his lapstone bright, and always
waxed his thread."

The first school was taught by Elisha Ken-
nedy, in a conventional log building, with pun-
cheon floor and slab seats and desks ; it has long
since disappeared. Of those who attended this
school, it is likely that David Porter is the only
one living. Mr. Porter is now about three
quarters of a century old, and thinks he has out-
lived his school mates.

The second school house was like unto the
first, although built as late as 1840. This struc-
ture, in time, gave way for the present frame

building, with its improved furnishing. The
school now taught, is graded and ably conducted.
The term lasts eight months. The pupils num-
ber one hundred and twentj'^-five.

The village of Roseville was incorporated A.
D. 1840. The population, at this time, was about
three hundred, and, under the new regime, a
Mayor and Council must preside over her desti-
nies. Accordingly, Dr. James Little was elected
Mayor. The date of this election is supposed to
have been shortly after the incorporation ; but no
record of the election has been found, and no tra-
dition informs us who the members of the Coun-
cil were.

SATAN IN THEIR MIDST.

About 1818, " Black Tom" made his appear-
ance, and was the subject of remark by the vil-
lagers genera]l3^ and the children in particular,
many of whom had not so much as heard of black
people, generally concluding that such a color
was the peculiai-ity of his satanic majesty, and
hence "Black Tom" was thought to be a near
relative of Satan, and looked upon with dubious
eyes, and given a wide berth by the little folks,
whose ears were filled with strange legends as
to his origin and habits, by " children of larger
growth." To the credit of Tom, be it said, he
was of quiet disposition, industrious, fond of story
telling, although his stories were not new. And
it is altogether likely that, had he been suspected
of having a soul, some missionary would have
made overtures to him with efforts to lead him to
the light, which would not have been difficult, for
he was credulous in the extreme. And yet Tom
did not believe in the existence of a devil, whose
home was amidst flames. He "know'd dar was
no sich pusson ; nobody kin five in de brimstone
smoke — he'd choke to def, sure !" But he be-
lieved there were many devils in this country, and
that this must be his home.

ANOTHER SENSA'riON.

In 1821, Miss Maria Brumager, a very worthy
young lady, of gentle manners, and noted for
good taste, and the habit of carefully considering
the proprieties of her sex, whose opinion was
highly regarded by every one who knew her well
enough to know what her opinion was, particu-
larly on matters of costume, and was "the flower
of the famil)'" at home, and the charm of the cir-
cle in which she moved, and whose familiarity
with those whose opinions made the sentiment of
the village, was such that it was fair to conclude,
whatever their opinions might be, she would be
the last one to outrage _them ; and familiar, too,
with the time-honored custom of those simple-
hearted people, who, by their own handicraft,
prepared their own garments, from the shearing
of the sheep and hackleing of the flax, to the
fruit of the loom, to which they added new beau-
ties by the ingenuity of their devices, often dis-
playing artistic talent of a high order, for the age
in which they lived, and inspiring admiration in
the mind of every male beholder, as well as envy
in their own sex, and notwithstanding, were con-

474

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES Of MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

tent to wear what they themselves- had made, and
thought it good enough ; and notwithstanding
their skill in arranging colors in pieces and
stripes almost approached the painter's art, they
were not prepared for the daze that o'erpowered
them when Miss Brumager walked into church
wearing a straw bonnet and calico dress! This
was an event in Roseville never to be forgotten !
And, strange to relate, maiij', deemed well clad
hitherto, now thought they had "nothing to
wear 1"

THE FORMATION OF CLAY TOWNSHIP.

Thursday, Dec. 9, A.D. 1841.

Pursuant to adjournment, the Commissioners
met. Present — John Goshen, Robert Boggs,
and Littleton Moore.

New Township. — A petition was presented b}'
William Wann, signed by a majority of the house-
holders residing within the boundaries of the pro-
posed new township, at the last June session of
this board, and laid over to the present session,
which was this day taken up, and the Commis-
sioners being satisfied that the necessary notice
of such intended application had been' given by
advertisements, as required by law, proceeded
to take the matter into consideration. The peti-
tioners set forth that they labor under many dif-
ficulties and disadvantages in consequence of the
distance, and other difficulties they have to labor
under, in going to and from elections, etc., and
also praying that a new township may be set oif
of part of Brush Creek townsliip, and the Com-
missioners, believing the prayer of the petitioners
necessary for the convenience of the inhabitants
and township officers, do hereby order a new
township to be set off, according to the following
boundaries, to wit: "Sections number one, two,
three, ten, eleven, twelve, thiiteen, fourteen, and
fifteen, in township fourteen, range fourteen, be-
ing part of Brush Creek township, in Muskin-
gum county," which said new township is called
Clay township. Also ordered by the Commis-
sioners, that an election be held at the house of
Adam Rider, Sr., in said township. [See Com-
missioners' Journal, of this date — not paged.]

The recoi'd of the first, and many subsequent
elections, seem to have been lost. At an early
election in Brush Creek township, Dr.' James
Little was elected Justice of the Peace, and John
Boyd, Jacob Dietrich, and , were elect-
ed Township Trustees ; William Dunn, Consta-
ble. Mr. Dunn held this oflice for seven consec-
utive years. If not the first, this was near about
the time of the first election. It is said that the
entii'e population living iri that part of Brush
Creek known as Clay township, did not exceed
one hundred.

CHURCHPS.

The churches in Uniontown in 1848, according
to tradition, were as follows :

One Evangelical Lutheran Church, having
about seventy-five members, ministered to by
Rev. James Manning.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, having about
one hundred members, was ministered to by Rev.
James Jamison and Rev. James Gurley.

The Old School Baptist Church, having about
twenty members, was ministered to by Elder
Thomas Harper.

The New School Baptist Church, having about
sixty members, was ministered to by Rev. Wm.
Sigefried.

Uniontoivn Presbyterian Church. — In Septem-
ber, 1848, an application having thirty signers,
was presented to the ZanesvillePresbj'tery, ask-
ing the organization of the Uniontown^ Presby-
terian Church, which was granted, and the
society organized November i8th, of that
year, and Samuel Milhouse was ordained Rul-
ing Elder, and John Read and John Smocks or-
dained deacons ; H. C. MacBride, pastor.

The Methodist Protestant Church had about
thirty members, ministered to by Rev. John.
Wilson.

The Bible Christian Church had about seven-
ty-five members, ministered toby Rev. C. Hand.

SONS OF TKMPERA.NCE.

A lodge of this denomination of temperance
workers was organized in Roseville in 1848, and
flourished to such a degree that the sale of in-
toxicating liquor was generall}' considered such
a disreputable business that no citizen would en-
gage in it. They were determined, also, that no
one should keep liquor on sale, as will appear
from the following circumstance : In the fall of
1848, one Jack Myer, brought three barrels of
whiskey into the village and opened a shop. He
named his bairels "Good. Better and Best."
The Sons of Temperance took notice of his
preparation for business and where he located
his merchandise, and in a calm still night, ere
the moon came forth, the\ found their waj^ into
the cellar under the saloon, and with augers,
elongated tor the purpose b}- the blacksmiths,
they tapped each barrel from below and let their
contents flow freely. Early the next, morning
some one applied to the would-be liquor seller
for a jug full. He tried a barrel marked "Good,"
but it was no good ; he tried abarrel marked "Bet-
ter," witli no better success, and finally he tried
a barrel marked " Best," and then he thought
sume one iiad the best of liim. And he wisely
concluded to abiuidon this place, and there was
no attempt of the kind made there for the ensu-
ing six years. This long cessation of hostilities
was the cause of the organization subsiding.

ODD FELLOWSHIP.

Jonathan Lodge., 'No. j^6, I. O. O. F. — This-
Lodge was instituted August 8th, 1865. The
first officers were-: N. G.. E. B. Bailey ; V. G.,
C. F. Watson ; Secretary, J. J. Walpole ; Treas-
urer, Andrew Dugan. The membership num-
bers about seventy-five, and is in a flourishing
condition.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

475

CLAY TOWNSHIP GEOLOGICALLY.

This is a very limited area, in the southwest
corner of the county. J. S. Newberry, Chief
Geologist for the State, in his report for 1869, re-
marks as follows : " Near Roseville, an old coal
working was found to be eighty feet above the
Putnam Hill lime stone. This is the proper
place for the Nelsonville, or Upper Lexington
coal. No opportunity presented itself for meas-
urement."

Dr. Hildreth, in the old geological report,
found calcario-silicioiis rock on the high hills in
section fourteen. It was found difficult to de-
termine the exact stratigraphical position of the
Flint Ridge buhr, as it lies on the top of the
ridge, more like » a blanket than like a rigid
stratum. It conforms more or less to the undu-
lating surface of the general top of the ridge,
and is at some points higher than others. The
buhr is porous and often cracked, and water
passing through may have carried the soft shale
below, and thus lowered the stratum along its
border.^

E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist, in the re-
port for 1873, says : " Putnam Hill limestone is
found here, and the Upper New Lexington seam
of coal is about eighty feet above it. The lower
seam had not been found, but it may be there in
local developments. It is nowhere a very cer-
tain seam. When there is sufficient demand to
warrant careful searches, I have little doubt but
that valuable iron ore will be found in this vicin-
ity. In other townships, good ores are found in
similar portions of the coal-measures series. The
most useful material as yet taken from the earth
in Clay township is potter's clay, from which
large quantities of excellent pottery is made."

THE POTTEU'S PARADISIi.

This village is headquarters for the potter, be-
ing situated in a region abounding in potter's
clay of the best variety, on which account the
township, it is said, was called Clay.

" Stoneware " is the staple here. A car load of
some class of stoneware is shipped from here
every working day in the vear.

COAL.

Coal is abundant and large quantities is
shipped.

GRAIN AND WOOL.

Grain, stock and wool are exported in large
quantities. ■

RAILROAD.

The P., C. & St. Iv. Railway agent sells about
a hundred dollars worth of tickets every week.

The Adams Express Compau}' have an office
here and do a veiy satisfactory business;

JACKSON TOWNSHIP.

FERTILITY OF LANDS PIONEERS TOPOGRAPHY-
SOIL FORESTS STREAMS IRON COAL— FOR-
MATION OF THE TOWNSHIP NAMING MILLS

DISTILLERY FRAZEYSBURGH M. E. CHURCH

MRS. R. C. MENDENHALL "THE VISITOR"

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE PHYSICIANS THE

" EVANS church" CARPENTERS^ — ATTORNEY

SCHOOLS FRAZEYSBURGH UNION SCHOOL

SURVEYORS FRAZEYSBURGH KNOXVILLE

NAME CHANGED BY ORDER OF P. O. DEPARMENT

INCORPORATION CHARTER ELECTION

BL.VCKSMITHS — TAVERNS POSTOFFICE FRA-

ZEY'S STORE CANAL MT. ZION CHRISTIAN

CHURCH DISCIPLE CHURCH EARLIEST RE-
CORDS RAILROAD AND TELIIGRAPH — FINE ART

FRAZEYSBURGH LODGE, NO. 49O, F, AND A. M.

THE PRESS GLENDALE LODGE, NO. 649, I. O.

O. F. FRAZEYSBURGH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The early settlers- of this township were allured
thither by the fertilit}' of the lands in
the valley of Wakatomika Creek ; like those
who settled nearest the valley of the Muskingum.
It is true that the area of perhaps twenty-five
miles, on either side of the latter stream, is in-
cluded in the term, "Valley of the Mus-
kingum ; " and yet the smaller valleys have af-
forded special attractions to the settler. Actu-
ated bjr the motive to make a paradise wherever
nature invited them, the settlers, therefore, se-
lected sites as near to the streams of importance
as seemed good to them. Among the pioneers
in this region. Colonel William Blizzard came in
1815, and settled in the southwest portion of sec-
tion twelve, where he found an Eden in a log cabin.
It is needless to describe this abode, the proba-
bility is that there was no departure from the
conventional character of it, and being "wind
and weather tight, " it fulfilled the purpose, hap-
piness being the outgrowth of contentment, and
conjugal fidelity, and these were found where-
ever nature bade them welcome, as she did in
those fertile valleys, and the outspreading
branches of her glorious forests. W. T. Bliz-
zard now occupies the old homestead. During
this year, also, William McClintock came from
Washington county, Pennsylvania, and settled
on what is now known as the Zanesville road,
in the .southeast corner of the corporate limits of
Frazeysburgh, as known to-day. This house
was occupied, in 1880, by I. C. Franks, and has
undergone the modernizing of many another log
house, by being weather boarded. During this
year, also, came Thomas Wilkins, and built his
cabin in the extreme southeast corner -of the
township ; the land, in 1880, was owned by
James McCann. Aloout the close of this year,
in the early part of 1816, Joshua Bennett, (son-
in-law of Samuel Mendenhall), came from Vir-
ginia, and settled on tlie tract that Mr. Menden-
hall had occupied in 1811 ; and in 1816, he found
himself on the high road to fortune, h.iving a
farm of virgin soil amid an ambrosial atmos-
phere, to inspire him to labor. Richard Menden-

476

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

hall, (father of Dr. Mendenhall, of Frazeysburgh),
was one of the pioneers who left his impress on
his times, and an honored name ; he occupied a
small log house within a mile of the town of to-
day, to the westward ; he died in 1871. About
this time, also, Mr.Tushman, a German, a quiet
plodding man, whose practical turn enabled him
to live in an obscure manner, occupied a tract
on the border of the township, in the northeast
portion, now occupied by John Riley. Tush-
man's first successor was John Lobe. Joseph
Chaney was another of that period, and settled
about three miles north of Frazeysburgh.

TOPOGRAPHICAL.

Topographical!)-, Jackson township is undu-
lating in its surface, and occasional!}^ broken.
The soil is -termed a ricli limestone, and clay on
the uplands, and sandy loam in the lowerlands
and bottoms. The forests of the ages past are
rapidly disappearing, yet a few monarchs of
their clans — the sycamore, hickory, black Wal-
nut, wlaite oak, and poplar, remain to witness
the glory of their ancestors. The township is
well watered, as a glance at the map, showing
numerous tributaries to Wakatomika, the princi-
pal stream, will attest. This stream winds a
tortuous course from the northwest corner to near
the southeast, and up towards the eastern center
where it passes out of the township, affording a
vast fertilizing influence, as well as drainage,
and numerous mill sites.

Iron and coal, of fair quality, are found in va-
rious localities ; the latter is consumed at home,
while the former is mined and hauled to Frazeys-
burgh, and thence shipped by rail to Zanesville.

FORMATION OF TOWNSHIP.

'• A petition to the Commissioners by a num-
ber of the inhabitants, of Licking township,
praying that the said township be divided agree-
able to the following boundaries : Beginning at
the coimty line, at the so^ithwest quarter of the
third section, thence east to the township that
divides the eiglith range, thence with said line
north five miles to the county line, then with the
county line south to the place of beginning ; or-
dered, that the aforesaid described boundaries
be set off in a new township, and be called
Jackson township and that the}' hold . their
elections at the house of Thomas Blizzard,
on the last Saturday in July, 1815. June 6th,
1815." — [Commissioners' Journal.]

The name was probably given on account of
" the dark horse " of that period — Andrew Jack-
son— having many friends ill the locality at the
time. Jackson, it will be remembered, was of
Scotch-Irish ancestry, and born on a plantation
in Mecklenburgh county. North Carolina, March
15, 1767, and early left an orphan. From obscu-
rity he made his way by the innate greatness of
his soul, to Congress, as the first Representative
of Tennessee, just admitted into the Union
(December 5, 1796). and subsequently as Sena-
tor— and the hero of a duel — a dashing military

chieftan, during the war of 1812 — then as Sena-
tor— and elected President of the United States,
in 1828, and again in 1832 ; his was an inspiring
name, and it is fair to presume that townships as
well as children were named after him. He
left an illustrious example, worthy of imitation,
that coming generations will not cease to
emulate, as in the past.

MILLS.

Samuel Mendenhall came into this township,
from Virginia, in 1811, and entered one thousand
three hundred acres of land. He built his cabin
about one and a quarter miles wesi of the site of
Frazeysburgh of to-day, and, in 1819, he built
the first saw and grist mill in the township, lo-
cated on Wakatomika creek, half a mile above
the site occupied by Eli Gorley's sawmill in 1880.
George Stamets (father of E. P. Stamets) lived
in this mill, with his family, and was the miller
for a number of years. Richard Griffee served
as miller in this establishment, also. This mill
had all the grinding to do that was done, in this
and surrounding townships, for many years, and
it was astonishing that two run of buhrs could
do so much. The dam was washed away in
1830. At this time, John Norris was the miller.

Clark Hollenback, who laid out the town of
Frazeysburgh, built a sawmill in 1820-22, on the
same site occupied by Eli Gorley's in 1880, and,
about two years later, William McClintock erect-
ed a sawmill, on Wakatomika creek, about
where the Goff flour mill was in 1880.

About 1825, in the extreme northwest corner
of the township, there was a rude saw and grist
mill, that passed through many hands, and final-
ly disappeared, in 1880. For some years prior
to its destruction; a woolen mill was said to have
been operated on the premises.

DISTILLERY.

It has been said, by some of the oldest inhab-
itants, that "a distillery could be found in nearly
every run in the coimty." However true this
may be, the following constitutes the account of
these institutions, that has come down through
"the avenues that remember the still :

In 1832, Samuel Mills built a small distillery,
on the Zanesville road, three-quarters of a mile
south of Frazeysburgh, and a Mr. Blood oper-
ated it for a few months. In 1843, Josiah Camp-
bell, Alfred Ciiapman and Hazel Clarey, operated
quite exten,sively in Frazeysburgh. The report
still lingers in the memory of ye pioneer that
the whisky from this still had much to do with
swelling the Democratic majoi-ity for Polk and
Dallas, in '44. It is certain that it swelled many
a head.

CHURCHES.

Frazeysburgh M. E. Church. — This society
was organized at the house of Zachariah Bon-
ham, in the year 1815. Some of the members
of that class were Zachariah Bonharn and wife,
Richard Wood and wife, Reuben Oliver and *
wife, Daniel Wilkins and wife, R. C. Menden-
hall and wife, and Mrs. Jane Bennett. The only

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

477

survivor of these pioneer Metliodists, .in 1880,
was Mrs. R. C. Mendenhall. Their first meet-
ings were from hoiise to house, but principally at
Zachariah Bonham's, R. C. Mendenhall's, and
John Wimmer's. The latter then lived on the
place occupied, in 1880, by Benjamin Norris.
Later, they occupied a school-house, then near
the northern boundary line of Frazeysburgh.

In 1840, the organization felt strong enough to
erect a church, which was a plain, but substan-
tial building, that cost about one thousand dol-
lars. This chuixh continued in use until 1878,
when the the present neat, frame structure was
erected, in the village of Frazeysburg, at a cost
of one thousand eight hundred dollars. This is
one of the most elegant churches in the county,
outside of Zanesville. The early pastors, whose
names are remembered, were Rev. Thomas
Carr (one of the first to preach to this people).
Rev. Shadrach Ruark, Rev. Thomas Ruckle,
Rev. Samuel Hamilton, Abner Goff, Curtis God-
dard, James Gilruth, Charles Thorn, Zara Cos-
ton, John C. Haven, Michael Ellis, T. A. G.
Phillips, William Cunningham (cousin of the
late Rev. Levi Cunningham, Presiding Elder of
the Zanesville District), Rev. Laban, and Henry
Fernandes. They preached between the forma-
tion of this cliurch and 1830. During these
years, R. C. Mendenhall erected a large barn,
and was the first to "raise" witJiout whisky, so
that this barn marked an epoch in this particular.
Religious services were often held there, on Sun-
days. In this barn. Rev. Fernandes held a series
of meetings, whicli resulted in much good.
During 1839-40, a great revival occurred, under
the Ininisterial guidance of Reverends Lowrey,
West, and Milligan, whicli is remembered as
eventful and very interesting to the church. In
1878, another awakening occurrred — during the
pastorate of Rev. D. S. Porter — "and many
were saved." Mr. Porter was pastor one year,
and came to this people just in time for the har-
vest.

Rev. N. W. Acton, the incumbent in 1880,
was first appointed to this charge in 1879. dur-
ing the first year of his pastorate, he established
a small, church paper, called the "Visitor." This
was • enlarged , the following 3^ear, and made
more secular, though keeping at its high moral
tone ; and fhus he has united the influence of the
two great civi.lizers — the Press and the Pulpit.

In 1880, the Trustees were John i\. Evans, S.
C. Mendenhall, M.D. ; R. P. Mendenhall, Esq. ;
William A. Norris, William Hamilton, J. L.
Bennett, and Joshua Bennett. The membership
this year numbered one hundred and seventy.

The Sunday School connected with this church
is well attended and doing a good work.

This charge belongs to the Zanesville District,
Ohio Conference.

Frazevshurgh Presbyterian Church. — This or-
t>-aniZation was consummated in 1876, vvith'thir-
tv four members. The following were the Trus-
tees : L. B. GofF, James McCann, J. S. Trem-
bley, I. W. Ewing, and Jahn W. Nethers-. The

first pastor was S. D. Smith, and during his pas-
torate the society built their brick church in Fra-
zeysburgh, at a cost of $2,370. The dedication
sermon was pi-eached September 8, 1877, by Rev.
J. W. Tenny, and the pastor assisted in the ded-
icatory service. The second regular pastor was
John W. Tenny, followed by Hugh C. McBride,
who preached six months. J. W. Fulton was the
last pastor, serving six months, ending August,
1880. since when the society has had no pastor.
The foregoing data was furnished by J. S. Trem- .
bley. Postmaster at Frazeysburgh.

Mt. Zion Christian Church. — This church
was organized in 1832, with eight members,
among whom were George McDonald, Mrs.
Ann McDonald, Matthew Emery, Mrs. Eliza-
beth Emery, Mrs. Mary Lovitt, and Joseph
Chaney. The first meetings were held in
George McDonald's house, now occupied by his
son, S. McDonald, until 1845, when the society
erected their present house of worship, a sub-
stantial frame structure, at a cost of about five
hundred dollars, and with a seating capacity of
four^ hundred ; located upon the same farm that
it was organized upon, about two miles north of
Frazeysburgh, on the West Carlisle road.

The first pastor was Rev. Barzillai H. Wiles;
in 1833, Edward Lewis was pastor, followed by

Elder Millison, who "only preached occa-

sionly. Harvey Ashley officiated in 1838, and was
the third regular pastor. In 1840, Rev. William
Gilmore came, and served but a short time,
when he was succeeded by James Marvin, who
served ten years, and, in 1850, was followed b)^
Jacob Hanger, who remained ten years. The
seventh regular pastos was Rev. Adolphus Brad-
field, who served three years and was succeeded
by Andrew Hanger, who remained until 1868,
and was followed by Rev. William Overturf,
who served until 1870, when Enos Peters, the
present incumbent, became their pastor.

In 1865, the membership was forty-six; in

1867, elven persons united with the church; in

1868, twelve more were added ; in 1871, seven-
teen more were added ; a total from 187 1 to
1880, of forty-one have been added. The re-
ductions by withdrawel and death have left the
membership sixty-five.

The society is out of debt, and has preaching
monthly, for which they pay one hundred and
twenty-five dollars annually.

The church is under the care of the Mt. Ver-
non Christian conference.

The data from which this sketch is written,
was gleaned from S. McDonald, whose father
and mother were among the original members
of the church.

Mt. Zion Sunday School was organized in
185 1 ; the first superintendent was Gibson Moore.
In 1880, Jonathan McDonald was superintendent,
ent.

The school organized with about forty schol-
ars, and six teachers and officers. The number
was about the same in 1880, with a good library.

Disciple Church. — This society was organized

478

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

in 1843 ; the foHowing were among the members
at that time : George Stamets, Ruth Stamets,
James and Lydia Walcott, James Brooks and
wife.

It is probable that the society never kept any
record, certainly none has been found. The
following has been contributed at solicitation, by
E, P. Stamets : The first pastor was Rev. Lewis
Comer ; the second was Rev. James Millison,
succeeded by Isaiah Jones, who was followed by
James Mitchell, and he was succeeded by " Ze-
badiah " Brown, who served for some time, and
was succeeded by David Mitchell, Edward Van
Voorhis, and James Grimm, until 1878, when
preaching and other services ceased, and have
not been renewed. Their first services were
held in private houses, and in 1880, there seemed
to be a revived interest, in so much, that they
built a church in Frazeysburgn, but it was not
finished.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

Tradition informs us that Nathan Baker served
in this capacity as early as 1816. Township
records cannot be found, and this must be ac-
cepted. 'Squire Baker lived thi-ee miles west of
Frazeysburgli. Robert Selder was also a Justice,
and '-Clark Hollenback, J. P.," lived out of the
village (of Frazeysburgh,) "at an early day," as
did also, Richard Griffee, who was the second
Postmaster in Frazeysburgh.

PHYSICIANS.

One of the first physicians to practice in the
township, was Elmas Wheaion, who resided in
Irviile, Licking Township, in 1818. He was
followed by Dr's. Pearce, Black, Bartley, and
Philander Byam.

ATTORNEY.

The only attorney, whose name has come down
to us as having located in this township, at an
early day, is Mordecai Bartley, who afterwards
became Governor of the State.

CARPENTERS.

Among the first carpenters- in this township,
were Charles Morrow, John Ruckle, (nephew of
Rev. Thomas Ruckle,) and Samuel Mills. The
latter built and kept the first tavern in Frazeys-
burgh. These men, it is thought, were here as
early as 1820.

EVANS' CHURCH.

The first building erected in the township for
religious purposes, is said to have been a small
cabin, a short distance north of school house No.
three, as known to-day. This was prior to 1820.
It was known as the Evans Church, from the cir-
cumstance of David Evans donating the land
upon which it was built, and aiding in its con-
struction.

SCHOOLS.

One of the earliest schools, probablj' the very
first one taught in the township, was a subscrip-
tion school, in 1822, by James Morgan, in a log
house about half a mile northeast of Frazevs-

burgh. Some of those who attended this temple
of learning, were E. P. Stamets, W. H. Shaflfer,
Hannah and Sarah Lovitt, "twin sisters. In
1831, John Barren taught in a log school house,
situated on land that, in 1880, was owned by
Sylvester McDonald. Samuel McGinnis taught
in this school house the year following. The
township was subsequently divided into districts,
and numbered respectively from one to four.
The village of Frazeysburgh, after it was incor-
porated, was known as "Frazeysburgh Union
School District." The total expense for the
schools of the township, for the year ending
August 31st, 1875, exclusive of the Frazeysburgh
school, was $905,94, of which $852,25 was paid
the three teachers, and the balance was for inci-
dentals.

The average daily attendance during this
3'ear, was : Boys, ninety ; girls, one hundred
and twenty ; total, two hundred and ten. The
value of school property, at this time, was $1,300,
and for the year ending August 31st, 1880, the
school property was valued at $1,500. The
amount paid to teachers was $760, and for inci-
dentals, $74,79. The schools were taught an
average of thirty-two weeks in all the districts.
The attendance was : Bovs, forty-eight ; girls,
fifty-five ; total, one hundred and three.

Frazeysburgh Union School. — In 1880, this
district embraced an area of 2,395 acres. The
present school building, a substantial brick
sti'uctui'e, was erected in 1874-5, ^7 Messrs.
Grubb and Larzelere. at a cost of $4,680. It is
eligibly situated, a little north of the centre of
Frazeysburgh. For the school )-ear ending
August 31st, 1880, the teachers were paid an
aggregate of $980. The incidental expenses for
the same time, amounted to $253. The number
of pupils in tlie district was one hundred and
fortj'-two. The value of school property was
$6,000.

SURVEYORS. .

The first, or among the first Survevors, were
John and Charles Roberts, who came in 1822.
John Roberts surveyed the village of Frazeys-
burgh, June 6th, 1827. Charles Roberts surveyed
many of the farms of the township, including
land owned by Samuel McCann, in 1880. This
tract was surve3'ed in 1822-3.

FRAZEYSBURGH.

This village, the only one in the township, was
laid out June 6th, 1827, by Clark Hollenback,
and which he named Knoxville. It is located in
the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of
section nineteen, township No. three, range No.
nine. The survey was made by John Roberts.
Numerous additions have been made, so that in
1880, the corporate limits covered an area of
three hundred and twelve acr6s. In 1828, Mr.
Hollenback sold the tract described by the plat,
to Samuel Frazey, who changed the name of
the proposed town to Frazeysburgh. This was
done pardy because a postoflice was desired at
that point, and one by the name of Knoxville

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

479

already existed, and the rule of the Postoffice
Deparment required that no two postoffices
should have the same name, within the same
State. In 1868, the village took on municipal
honors, being incorporated, and, according to
the charter, the iirst election was held in April,
of that j-ear, resulting in the choice of the follow-
ing officers :

Mayor — L. W. Doane. He served two years,
and was succeeded by W. D. Packard, who
served four years, and was succeeded by David
Jones, who held the office until 1877, and re-
signed, and the office was vacant for a short
time. George W. Adams then held the reins
of government, and from 1878, to 1880, I. W.
Ewing was Mayor. J. C. Roach held the office
from, April to July, of 1880, and August 7th,
1880, Thomas Ross, the Blacksmith, was elected
for a term of two years. The other officers
chosen at this election, were as follows : Mar-
shal— Wm. Host ; Treasurer — John E. Ruckle :
Councilmen — T. J. Patterson, David Wii-e,
Marcus Garrett, James Garrett, Howard Norris,
and Wm. McMullen. The assessed value of
property, at that time, was, real estate, $52,190;
personal propert}'. $43,400. It contains one
Presbyterian church, one Methodist church, one
graded free school, two hotels, one steam flour
and planing mill, and a good supply of stores,
shoemakers and blacksmiths.

Stores in 1828. — The first goods sold in this
township, were by a Mr. Whitney, in a small
cabin, about six rods east of the Lemert store of
Frazeysburgh, in 1880. The next mercliantwas
Colonel Wm. Bl-izzard, who opened his store in
a brick house on his farm, about a mile west ol'
Frazeysburgh, in 1828. About this time, also,
Richard Griflee opened a small store in Frazeys-
burgh ; the locality, however, is not remembered.

BLACKSMITHS.

The first blacksmith shop in the township was
opened b}' Henry Shepherd, in 1827. It was of
the conventional style, un-hewn log, located
about one mile west of Frazeysburgh, oil the
Newark road. This son of Vulcan did a flourish-
ing business, principally ironing wheelbarrows
that were used by men working on the canal.

TAVERNS.

The first tavern in the township was built in
1827-8, by Samuel Mills. It was a cabin, and
located on a portion of the lot that, in 1880, was
occupied by James W. Hamilton's store, in
Frazeysburg. Mr. "Mills continued in this busi-
ness quite a number of years," and was suc-
ceeded by Stephen Cessna, who was followed by
Wm. English, and he gave way to Thomas
Foster, who knew more about "keeping hotel,"
and during the years he ran the establishment,
did a good business. Josiah Campbell suc-
ceeded Foster. The building has been demol-
ished, and the traditions concerning "the land-
lords and their times," are notabl}' barren. The
reader, however, can readily conclude that "the
tavern," in this region, like others of that period,
served the purpose of our modern news room,
only that the news was imparted orally, and

often amplified with scintillations of logic and
humor by the landlord, that caused him to be
looked up to bj^ the yeomanry as an oracle of
wisdom, and which he studiously turned to good
account financially. But these traditions are not
ascribed to this tavern.

POSTOFFICE.

The first and only postoffice in the township,
was established in Frazeysburgh, in the winter
of 1828-9. Samuel Frazey was the first "P.
M." He wa,s succeeded by Richard Grifl^ee,
who had charge of the mail bags for many years.
He was followed by John Norris, A. B. Vaughn,
I. C. Franks, Richard Griflee, (second term,)
J. S. Trembley, H. L. Sherman, J. S. Trembley,
(second term) who is now the dignitary in charge.

STORE.

Samuel Frazey opened a store near the north-
east corner of the present Frazeysburgh canal
bridge, in 1828-9. This was the largest store 3'et
opened, and was continued for a number of years.

CANAL.

The canal was conjpleted in 1831-2, and the
" Reindeer," a small pleasure boat, passed
through from Newark to Coshocton. The first
regular freight boat to pass through was the
"Union," of Dover.

THE EARLIEST RECORDS.

The earliest officicd records of this township,
that can be found, date Anno Domini, 1852:
Lewis M. Pierson, was Township Clerk ; Sam-
uel McCann, Justice of the Peace ; John Mercer,
Albert Fleming, and Jacob Bonham, were Trus-
tees. The officers of the township, in 1880, were :

Trustees — A. J. Blizzard, Grafton Fairall, and
Calvin Lugenbeal.

Township Clerk — L. W. Doane.

Treasurer — Jasper Corn.

Assessor — J. P. Starner.

Constable — James H. Ogle.

Justices of the Peace — R. P. Mendenhall,
James W. Evans, and James McCann.

In 187 1, the township erected in Frazeys-
burgh, a two story brick building, with hall, for
township purposes, at a cost of $3,300; and
eight hundred dollars of this sum was contributed
b}' Frazeysburgh Lodge, No. 490, F. and A.M.,
for the benefit of a place of meeting, which thev
have in the second story ; the Lodge having a
ninety-nine year's lease on this portion of the
building.

The townsliip embraces twelve thousand six
hundred and eighty acres of land, wliich, in
1880, was assessed at $318,070; the personal
propert}', at the same assessment, was valued at
$139,490.

RAILORADS.

The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis,
("Pan. Handle"), Railroad, was completed
through the township, in 1855. It enters about
one-fourth of a mile east. of the southwest corner,
and runs diagonall}' from the southwest to tlie
northeast, through the village of Frazeysburgh,
which is the only station in the township, and
passes out of the boundarj- about two and a
quarter iuiles north of the southeast corner. The

480

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.

first agent at this station was E. L. Lemert,
who was suceeded by Elmas Karnes, who was
followed by J. E. Bailey, in 1870, who is the
present incumbent.

This road has its telegraph line and operator
here as elsewhere.

FINE ART.

This term need not impl}^ that some gifted art-
ist was found among the ilihabitants of this town-
ship, but next to the credit which attaches to such
a circumstance, is an appreciation of fine art,
which fairly argues not only uncultured genius,
but a refined taste, and this is sustained by se-
lecting and keeping, with reverential regard, a
specimen that deserves this mention for the i-ea-
son given, and as an appi^eciative acknowledge-
ment of one of the chef (Toeuvres of a great mas-
ter. This is no less than " Narcissus,'" by Paul
Bril, a Flemish ai'tist, who died in 1526. Con-
cerning thischaracter, we read inAnthon's Class-
ical Dictionary that " Narcissus had a twin sister
of remarkable beauty, to whom he was tenderly
attached. She resembled him very closely in
features, wore similar attire, and used to accom-
pany him on the hunt. This sister died young,
and Narcissus, deeply lamenting her. death, used
to go to a neighboring fountain and gaze upon
his own image in its waters, tlie strong resemb-
lance he bore to his deceased sister making this
image appear to him, as it were, the form of her
whom he lost. The flower alluded to in the story
of Narcissus is what botanists term the Narcissus
■poeticus, (Linn, gen., 550). It loves the borders
of streams, and is admirably personified in the
touching legends of poetry, since, bending on its
fragile stem, it seems to seek its own image in the
waters that run murmuring by, and soon fades
away and dies. And Narcissus pined away till
he was changed into the flower that bears his
name."

This painting was shipped to New York for
exhibition at the World's Fair, but was held at
the Custom House for duties, and lost track of,
so it was never exhibited, and finally, not being
called for, was sold at auction, and bid ofl' by the
Cosmopolitan Art Association, of New York,
which, under their modus operandi., sold art works,
that a better taste might be inculcated through-
out the country, and, in this distribution. Dr. S.
C. Mendenhall became the possessor of this grand
painting. If the charter of the Art Association
had permitted, the society, through its President,
would have purchased this of Dr. M., and would
have certainly paid him $1,500 for Paul Bril's
Narcissus. This is, perhaps, the onl}' specimen
of the work of this great master in the United
States. The painting is four feet two inches, by
four feet six inches. Dr. Mendenhall has owned
it since 1859, ^^^^ values it very highly.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

Masonic. — The only Masonic organization in
the township is " Frazeysburg Lodge, No. 490,"
which was instituted July 21, 1874, and chartered
October 21 , of the same year. The charter mem-
bers were : J. G. Hagerly, David Jones, J. B. Ben-

nett, Jasper Corn, T. J. Patterson, Albert Norris,
J. B. Pierson, C. M. Bell, I. B. Bard, Isaac Pry-
or, Philip Nethers, and J. H. Hamilton,

The first officers were : J. G. Hagerty, W. M. :
David Jones, S. W. ; J. B. Bennett, J. W. The
fraternity secured a hall by joining with the town-
ship, in 1870, through their trustees, and building
one story higher on the township building, at an
expense to the Lodge of $800, with the under-
standing, at that day, that a Lodge should be
formed, and that the Lodge should have a lease
of the same for Masonic purposes for ninety-nine
years, which lease has been executed, the Lodge
being at one-third the necessary expense for re-
pairing the roof and paying all expenses for keep-
ing the hall in order.

The Lodge-room is well fitted up, and is kept
insured. The membership, in 1880, was compos-
ed of thirty-one of the best citizens of Jackson
township, and the Lodge is one among the most
popular in the county.

At the election in November, 1880. the follow-
ing officers were chosen :

W. M. — ^Jasper Corn.

Senior Warden — G. B. Channel].

Junior Warden — T. J. Reeder.

Secretar}- — T. J. Patterson.

Treasurer — J. G. Hamilton.

S. D.— Albert Norris.

J.D.— A. Wishard.

Ttler— I. D. Bard.

The meetings are monthlj' — the Friday even-
ings on or before the full of the moon.

Glendale Lodge. Xo. 649, I. O. O. /''.—This
is the only Lodge of Odd Fellows in the town-
ship, and was instituted Jul}- 25, 1876, with the
following chai'ter members; H. L. Sherman, C.
W. Martin, C. H. Wire, Samuel Austin, L. E.
Karnes, Howard Norrts, Lyman Fulk, I. C.
Franks, Samuel Hunter. Hugh Brown, T. H. No-
land, James Noland, J. C. Furguson, R. E. Fin-
ley, and Jas.W. Fouch. The first officers were :

L. E. Karnes, N. G.

H. L. Sherman, V. G.

Samuel Austin ;ind [. C. Franks, Secretaries.

T. II. Ilolman. Treasurer.

The officers in 1880 we're :

R. P. Mendenhall. N. G.

C. H. Wire, V. G.

T. 11. Ilolman, Secretars .

II. Brown, Permanent Secretary.

II. Norris, Treasurer.

Tiie membership at this time numbered thirty-
four. The elections are held in January and July.
The meetings are held Wednesday evenings.

THE J'RESS.

The first newspaper \enlure in this township
was made by C. E. F. Miller, in 1875-6. He
published a small sheet in Frazeysburgh, called
"The Federalist." The paper w-as edited in
Frazeysburgh, and the composition and press
work done in Dresden. This was manifestly an
effort without sufficient capital, and the enterprise
was abandoned about three months after the first
number appeared.

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Full text of "1794. History of Muskingum County, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of prominent men and pioneers"

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