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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
E. DANA DURAND, DIRECTOR
SPECIAL REPORTS
FISHERIES
OF THE UNITED STATES
1908
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
A253 8\e
Scope and method
Common names
Persons employed............
Proprietors and independent fishermen
Wage-earners and wages
Comparison with prior censuses
-
Vessels and boats...........--
Vessels and boats, by divisions
Apparatus of capture
Shore and accessory property and cash
CONTENTS.
. CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER ITI.
Summary or Statistics.
CHAPTER III.
Persons EmpLoyep, SALARIES, AND WaGES.
CHAPTER IV.
CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT.
Table 1.—Equipment and other capital: 1908........2.2.-2. 20-2222 c cece ccc eee eee ne ee ee eee ne ce eee ence eeeenes
Table 2.—Apparatus of capture: 1908
Table 3.—Number, tonnage, and value of vessels and boats: 1908...............22- 22-2202 e eee eee eee eee ee eee ee
CHAPTER V.
Propuwcts.
Table 1.—Products, by general classes: 1908 and 1900 to 1904............ 222222202 eee eee eens
Table 2.—Products, by species and by geographic divisions: 1908............. 2... - 2-20-20 e eee eee ee eee
Table 3.—Products, by class of fisheries, apparatus of capture, and geographic divisions: 1908..............-..-.-----2--222-----
Table 4.—Products, by species and by apparatus of capture: 1908............--.------ 2-2-2222 eee eee ee eee eee eee
Table 5.—Products—Detail summary, by states and by species: 1908..........-...---2--- 2222-2 eee eee eee eee eee
Table 6.—Products, by apparatus of capture and by states: 1908. .....-...---2 2-222 -.22ee ee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eens
ALOWIVES 6.0006 cine ne ee emeaie
Bluefish ...........-.....--
Buffalo fish ........-.------
COLp oie sweeten sessaeece
Halibut. oc 2ccceaaeseustsee
HGMnifp’ sccceiussee. sentes
Lake herring. .........-----
Lake trout... ccsces ossccaayns
CHAPTER VI.
Propucts oF THE Principal FisHerres IN DETAIL.
Page.
Hsetas Pian Catach: aseee 47 | Mackerelincew ne ess sss ekceexeencases cy oss ca seeestee ee
Se ain perdens at aaa eee oak Reis 48° | Menhadénwin. cesses ss es sasadeuetiesees eee st sesechoenadeas
Ledmnilce Saupe seas cae Shee AB | Mallets. sescsigis dece-s'e deadpan cae csemnisoes antes estgeiseciweis
ale (Soe nia eae oea ee See AO tr MUIBRG LS ae ao 2 aan ohare eueitiMatehas the Re see ele nee
bsjoisleal stele ehatahaighs\ pute ieGueedetsis = <tecevora Sl. || “Oyster nee cdc savin os Steere ecsndwa sees sa ceumeremenat slice
sd@dnke te ceeeeeeeeeceesrecse% 52° || Pike perches). o.c:.¢ 72-2 eiattncieinies soos ls peaeaseeeees
nidae Ses iayoaeisedwebe sds bees 52: |, Pollack: snviie. ene saaeedeusseeonet Veinels wall diaeeemex sso
Siete ERAe ee oieees ae eee 54. | Salis s.03seceex seed caeuemccess xis is eeeeeeeedese yes es
Bord ahnhoanemmewemse cae BO all Shad estes tits te oa ca neieh tee tes alae aera cme ees Shaan
Hoo nse eeeeeacacnaesotees Eee 56> | ‘Shrimp ands prawil. 2 <=.) nrtakacee Med on s0d5 domeealececas
We iesi eens Meer seh oe ceases 57° |) SMBs. oe-oe weecieee se aneeheeied eee bene aeeeettes ee
jedSeee esse gageeeeeei: cscs SF |) SWAP PIBs eens s caine hance ceisetaek ie eee
sekiehe c Soe MAG eee eee Ss 58 || SPONSCewaives visieg seihelsteseseinaiels oo oe ocean aeee eeietebies
Meine eames ian oe ees 59 | Squeteacues.. yess sss ene sees ke vee ses ce sueeseedes seeds
pdchaea A Detct tot cS} Dope Rate GO> || SStureeOnsl) coed eens eos PU ckdusie eke ne woke
POS Ee Oe Re Gl. Whalésproducts..:2.ccccajcelicaiga: 2280 saeedddesne soe as
scchcnisdeerew 4 #eadpyetien Baie ee ee es 620 Whitefishiies 2.0. sonerccacamnd oa ve loti een tie sects
13
16
17
62
63
64
65
66
68
69
69
71
72
73
74
74
74
75
76
77
4 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Page. Page.
Alabama sncsheitee cack eee eee asossercna Oe 79i|| WLBSOUPL snot ett rs ADs hg ale lol oid Neo t Aer acres ee 185
PAT ICAMIB eS ce Se ete Sintatei creas tals eater eens + oa wt lees B2h Nebraska gs. 12 cede eet ah oe eaten es ok, Sean ita oie 188
California io. teu 8ecs neue aoe casein s cena 84 | New Hampshire................0.00. 0002. c cece e eee eee eee 189
Connecticute <aci2s ceeds yh as wuarsedoeeiee ee ee sea ad eee 91.) NG w:derseyan ois eva Sect At ase Co wade Soe Ans eta 189
Delawareecic snail caoknios ues 24 sea aneoecekaene ve lale sade 96) | (N@w: York's: 2.k¢ nice anid Sic. went ns ee tyGiinseeeer ane Seeks 195
Pl Orid Bizratog scion headed os ot Ae ph ee RE See ote 100: |): ‘North Carolinas 6.220.235. cccgieeescuadcwueuedeecaescaicees 211
GeOrpid sca asc cme ecas nhs ata Neas eee 110} J) OMG. Fe a2 2s sc5 ase caiina ata dh Ona eece nine RM oASE 217
WN 018 5 cscacesenes cs teh OES oc rene restess ahreeSee ee boas eee 113:|; Oklahomiae.:-.s.ccsoveen See ae one enacsteuseecneemnas 221
TNC IaD A cocoa ase tata aot Sea aa ea ee 120 | Oregon........-...--.---- ee RE COINS RE eer 221
LOWS # oieisea c'sie dees eeea eee es be24250 94 eee Pe adeeb wes ce dees 124...) ‘Pennesylvailla, 2. 2<s<sscesciss g2e sf laeereeodames soi cceecee 225
Kansas. 2icjedscbautesssawies ss essavuneat cee ehee eee se ise 126. ||) Rhode Islandue: :.4.sc3sseeee%s obs cs sean eedss os oee caste 231
Kentucky soc ponaeiidece sey end es sewed ee eects 127 || ‘South Carolina .20.cs.n2oreseiehcee ee eteeeetdaeevs teeeeees 237
LOWIM ana s)3. 5:2 secaselece Geos eae Saeed studing bas 2S 5a8 130::|: ‘South Dakota se csececscces cate Sees ceased weotee Sosa 241
MaIn@ nce .0s Jena daas cele wae ee 4 Sere eaceeme detest 5 138 | “Nennésse@iecs- oacas.catcnaseen ae teed cea wesabod geese snes 242
Maryland: oiwc.qeeaesthaskbadaeteeddecmeenecs senate. 145) | “Wexas....ccca si. Veaeeete ieee ee eddie rede 245
Massachusetts. .....- Sciatic eee ie ots ie Sicha eee ae os 152) -| NAPA dca vier Sie eid ode pee eens Bees ee eis 251
Michigan's.020c3. dade.etdcdensie deen tee cidadaedelany esse ds 165: | Washington's. ooo dee sieseeatels eis pe eet ahaa sage aelea ds 262
Minn estas sso. esas need etaeuive sex aseceaeeeneieaanee eeaus 173) |) West Virginia sic ssabiesawvcGtccaved ss de cue stab ys se oenees 270
Mississippi go> venveee cewiokee ys dai ss Kewee ego esse cs 178 | Wisconsin..........-..-.----- Uieaten ve pee uu dede rears 270
CHAPTER VIII.
CANNING AND PRESERVING.
Comparison with earlier canvasses..........-.....-2.--2-2-2- 2222-2 e eee eee eee i tiga ey sieah ra alianeaaehct Ca lol wie el aes wT eta 280
Statistics, by geographic divisions sc.c5 4 see scndendn este eatee Se lo des gisisisit slogan > soldi dues ea leeeG ss econ sistsieUedeanth ecaaseaee 280
Products, by kind s...2... 22ccq caneteees ie 22 vie Sed cia cise eee bles Yel dao w tls bends ¢ pads cee eee eee doi ceRe ee sabe eee See 281
Salmon ic pche eee sees denen tae wees syce els wee eeceeedeg doses beeekGee debe dedanetee et seeder wed eae aebaed bowed can savas 282
Sardines: 200s diese ne cee gee ere eS Ba etis Wena eee een ee edo Se Son pe eared on ae eeehe ee Murs ek eens 283
Odi ihe aiden ak Sa aise Wak ep eh caus peed a tere eum he nied Cdk BEE AA eee ithe Degie eens a ae neath anisinn Soke SA A Ree att Ben ives 284
Oysters cciciacst2 nea sesehintanses sere Poets ss cides seating seas < MARRS Tee ae waels ANGMAR Cea de DeNeeene ee eee OER 285
Shrimp and prawh .......:0¢2 sceiG nade sees is ode dae eedes Shee Reein cececeae oeeete cee EE See eeeeeE eee eEey eee Sa cade 285
Table 1.—Fish and oysters—value of food products: 1908.............-..-2-2--22 2c. c ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 286
Table 2.—Fish and oysters—products, by geographic divisions, method of treatment, and kind: 1908.......................- 287
CHAPTER IX.
Exports AND Imports.
Comparison with domestic production... ... 2.2.22... 222s eee cece ee ee eee ee eee eee e eect e eee teen ee eeen 288
Comparison of exports and imports. ................- 2-22-2222 e eee eee Dalits bale ottlah aah geeeieae hyde Meese oceaal ned eels 288
Exporteis cee cateee races sane anes meee oe5s.c ee AROMAS t teeth pened cece tes bee eee eles cole caWaG ab ees abate 289
Imported acco ane Seconea Se a ccamandnoas id banemeas sede aedt nce swe Wea Geeen Ques Saree he tba detoal Ape drghs 290
Table 1.—Exports of domestic fishery products: 1908, 1900, and 1890.........2....2 220.0022 cee ee eee eee eee eee 291
Table 2.—Value of exports of domestic fishery products, by country to which exported: 1908, 1900, and 1890.................. 291
Table 3.—Imports of fishery products, by kind and country from which imported: 1908, 1900, and 1890....................... 292
Table 4.—Value of imports of fishery products, by country from which imported: 1908, 1900, and 1890.......................- 293
APPENDICES.
Appendix A.—The fisheries of Alaska in 1908............-.- 22222222 eee nee eee ee ee eee cence eee seen eens 297
Appendix B.—Schedules:
Shore'and boat: fisheries 35.245 s0> 22% vevesesderdaee ye esas oehaeebbs keeles ces pete ge de ease ees 300
Vessel fisheries ..<s saisc-ceviesiced anes ees seed dee see eee ee bees Lean Wud nese ds cake bne ds evens aesak en aeicas 301
Packing houses and canneries .......-.--------- +0022. 5 eee eee e eee eee eee ee ce eee ee ees 301
Appendix C.—Instructions to special agents.........--.----- +--+ 2-22-22 - eee eee ee eee eee eee 303
List and description of kinds of fish..............-. 2-22-2220 ee eee cece eee eee ee eee 307
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,
BuREAU OF THE CENSUS,
Washington, D. C., July 27, 1911.
Sir:
The act of Congress of June 7, 1906, provides that the Bureau of the Census shall take decennially, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries, a census of the fishing industry of the United States.
I have the honor to submit herewith the report on the fisheries of the United States for the calendar year
1908, which has been prepared in conformity with the requirements of this law. The report presents statistics
concerning the capital invested in the industry, the number and tonnage of vessels and boats employed, the
character of the apparatus used in catching fish, the number of persons employed, salaries and wages paid, and
the quantity and value of the different varieties of products. Statistics of this character are collected from
time to time by the Bureau of Fisheries, and as far as possible the census data have been compared with those
compiled by that bureau. In order to preserve this comparability and also to comply with the requirements
of the law, the Bureau of Fisheries was consulted in regard to the preparation of the schedules, and several
employees of that bureau were detailed for work in the Bureau of the Census. These employees rendered
valuable assistance, both in the office and in the field. The statistics were collected and the report was pre-
pared under the supervision of Mr. William M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures.
Very respectfully,
Director of the Census.
Hon. CHartes NAGEL,
Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
(5)
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
CHAPTER IL
INTRODUCTION.
Scope and method.—The present report on the fish-
eries of the United States relates to the commercial
fisheries of continental United States for the calendar
year 1908, and is based on a canvass of these fisheries
made by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with
the Bureau of Fisheries. A summary of the statistics
of the fisheries of Alaska is given in the appendix on
page 297, and in some of the tables in the chapter on
canning and preserving figures for Alaska are included.
The report is designed to cover shore fisheries, i. e.,
those carried on from shore or from boats of less
than 5 tons; vessel fisheries, i. e., those conducted
by vessels of 5 tons and over; the operations of ves-
sels engaged in transporting fish from the fishing
grounds, but not including vessels engaged in trans-
porting fish from port to port as regular freight; and
the business of packing and canning houses. The
report does not cover the operations of individuals,
clubs, etc., catching fish for their own consumption or
for sport, or the business of those who deal in fish prod-
ucts simply as merchandise. The statistics are for the
business year most nearly conforming to the year end-
ing December 31, 1908; such data as relate to a fixed
time, as cash on hand and value of property, relate to
the beginning of the business year reported. The
statistics as to the products include, besides the quan-
tity and value of fish products proper, the number or
quantity and value of aquatic mammals, reptiles, shell-
fish, sponges, etc., taken during the year.
The canvass was begun in January and finished in
August of 1909. In order that it might be made thor-
oughly and rapidly, the entire country was divided into
districts, to each of which one or more special agents
were assigned, about 40 agents in all being employed.
The Census Bureau was greatly assisted by the cooper-
ation of the various state fish commissions and game
wardens, with whom close relations were maintained.
The agents were furnished with lists containing the
names of fishing vessels and the names and addresses
of the owners. They were instructed, however, not to
confine their investigation to the names on these lists,
which were prepared in some cases from records several
years old, but to be constantly on the alert to discover
vessels and establishments engaged in the fishing indus-
try which were not listed. In addition to securing the
information called for in the schedules each agent was
required to obtain such other information as might
prove valuable in determining the general condition
and tendencies of the industry in the section of the
country which he was canvassing.
A census of fisheries is attended perhaps with more
difficulties than one of any other industry canvassed
by the Bureau of the Census. Calling, as it does, for
the number of persons employed and the investment
in vessels, outfits, boats, and apparatus of capture both
ashore and afloat, as well as the quantity and value of
all commercial products of the seas, lakes, and rivers, it
requires, in order that it be exhaustive, that a return be
secured not only from all proprietors and firms engaged
in the fishing business, but also from all independent
fishermen who fish for profit. With respect to the
vessel fisheries the problem was comparatively simple
and the returns may be considered substantially accu-
rate. All fishing craft of 5 tons or over are required to
be documented, and as the names and home ports of
these vessels are matters of record, and as such vessels
are well known to the principal fishermen and fish
dealers living in the district in which they operate,
they and their owners could, as a rule, readily be
located and canvassed. Moreover, the vessel fisher-
men usually make a regular business of fishing and
keep books of record showing the species, amount, and
value of the catch as well as other data called for in the
schedules. The canvass is likewise essentially com-
plete for the shore and boat fisheries so far as the oper-
ations of companies, firms, and individuals employing
wage-earners are concerned, for these are, as a rule,
located at the fishing centers and are known in the fish
markets of their respective districts. The problem of
securing reports from the independent fishermen,
those who fish alone and do not employ others, was,
however, especially difficult. These fishermen are scat-
tered all along the coast, inlets, and waterways, many
of them away from general routes of travel, and are
consequently difficult of access. Their occupation
takes them away from home much of the time, either
in fishing or in transporting their catch to market;
hence, with the corps of agents available for the work,
it became a physical impossibility to make a personal
canvass of each and every fisherman within a reason-
able period of time, as in order to do this an agent
would have had to make repeated trips to the same
(7)
8 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
locality to reach fishermen who were away at the time
of former visits. In such cases the agent usually was
able to secure satisfactory information from persons
who were familiar with the operations of the fisher-
men. In addition to the difficulty just indicated in
any canvass of the fisheries, a source of error arises in
connection with the shore and boat fisheries from the
fact that many of the shore and boat fishermen do not
keep records of the catch, but give the information to
the best of their recollection.
The extent to which the independent fishermen—
that is, those fishing solely on their own account—
figure in the returns can be seen by referring to the
statisticsfor Alabama. Although from these statistics
the total number of independent fishermen in Alabama
can not be ascertained, it appears from the figures
that all the 77 fishermen on interior waters and
more than 600 of the 647 engaged in the shore and
boat fisheries of the Gulf were independent fishermen,
showing that in the aggregate over 70 per cent of the
total number employed in the fisheries of the state be-
longed to this class. This fact throws some light upon
the conditions which were met, and indicates to some
extent the difficulties attending an accurate canvass.
With almost invariable courtesy the fish dealers and
principal fishermen in the different cities and towns
visited assisted the agents engaged in the canvass
by giving them the names and locations of the inde-
pendent fishermen in the surrounding territory. The
agents were likewise aided by the inspectors, fish and
game wardens, and other state officials conversant
with the fishing industry in the several states, who
supplied the names of all proprietors, firms, or inde-
pendent fishermen within their spheres of observation.
Through these various channels and by constant
inquiry of each fisherman reporting as to other unlisted
independent fishermen in the neighborhood, it was
possible for the agent to extend the canvass until it is
believed that reports were secured from practically all
commercial fishermen. In particular, a number of
schedules were secured from fishermen who, although
they had followed this occupation for a number of
years, claimed they had never before been canvassed.
The canvass did not cover Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, North Dakota, New Mexico, Utah, or Ver-
mont, as the commercial fisheries, if any, which existed
in these states were of minor importance.
Under these conditions it is probable that some
apparent inconsistencies will appear from the com-
parison of the statistics with those compiled by the
Bureau of Fisheries. Such inconsistencies as have
been detected in the analysis of the data are of minor
importance and are no indication that the statistics
compiled by either office are wrong. The totals com-
piled by both offices can be safely accepted as repre-
senting the magnitude of the fishing industry of the
United States, or the particular section of the country
to which they pertain.
Three schedules were used in securing the data—
one for the shore and boat fisheries, one for the vessel
fisheries, and one for the canning and packing houses.
The tables relating to the fisheries were prepared from
the information secured on the first two schedules
mentioned above.
In the statistical presentation the entire country is
divided into five main divisions, as follows: Atlantic
coast, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific coast, Great Lakes, and
the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In connection
with this division, which corresponds, generally speak-
ing, to the principal bodies of water which bound the
greater part of the United States and the large river
system which occupies the great central valley, it will
be noted that a few states have fisheries in more than
one division, as, for example, New York and Pennsyl-
vania, which have fisheries in both the Atlantic coast
and the Great Lakes divisions; Florida, which has fish-
eries on the Atlantic coast and also on the Gulf of
Mexico; and Louisiana, which is represented in the
Gulf fisheries as well as in those of the Mississippi. For
purposes of comparison with previous statistics, the
fisheries of the Atlantic coast are shown in a few tables
in three divisions—those of the New England states, the
Middle Atlantic states, and the South Atlantic states,
respectively. The last-named group includes North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the east coast of
Florida, and the Middle Atlantic division, all the
Atlantic coast states from New York to Virginia, inclu-
sive. In most of the states a distribution has been
made according to the waters in which fishing was
prosecuted; thus in Wisconsin separate statistics are
presented for the fisheries of Lake Superior, Lake
Michigan, and the Mississippi River and its tributaries.
In Washington and in Oregon the fisheries of the Co-
lumbia River and its tributaries have been classed as a
separate district, all the other waters in each of these
states constituting a single district. In New York
there are four divisions or fishing districts—Long
Island Sound, all other waters of the Atlantic coast,
Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. On account of their
importance, separate statistics are also given for the
fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, which
include portions of the fisheries of Delaware, Maryland,
and Virginia, and the Susquehanna River fisheries of
Pennsylvania and Maryland.
The catch has been credited to the port from which
the fisherman sails, and therefore is not always credited
to the state from whose waters it was taken. For
example, California fishermen bring some of their catch
from Alaskan waters, and Connecticut oystermen take
a great many oysters from Rhode Island beds and from
the New York waters of Long Island Sound.
Some 40 different kinds of apparatus of capture,
including various forms of nets, pots, traps, lines,
dredges, harpoons, and sponge apparatus, were used,
and the tables show the principal forms employed in
each division and class of fisheries.
INTRODUCTION. 9
In order to show the total meat or marketable
product of all fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic
animals, it has been found desirable to reduce all to
the common unit of a pound, although, in the trade,
certain products are usually handled on the basis of
bushels, barrels, or gallons. Where these species are
treated separately the common trade unit of measure-
ment for the species or product is used. In the gen-
eral tables the quantities shown for the shell-bearing
mollusks are based on the amount of meat contained,
the figures used for estimating the meat contents being
as follows: Hard clams and surf clams or skimmers,
8 pounds of meat per bushel, soft and razor clams,
cockles, winkles, and mussels, 10 pounds of meat per
bushel; oysters, 7 pounds of meat per bushel; and
scallops, 6 pounds of meat per bushel.
The statistics of establishments engaged in canning
and preserving fish and in the manufacture of various
by-products have been classified by districts and
states, by principal species used, and by method of
treatment, whether boned, canned, salted, smoked,
dried, or frozen. On account of the great value of the
output of the canneries and salteries of Alaska, the
statistics of that territory as reported by the Bureau
of Fisheries have been included in some of the tables
in the chapter on canning and preserving.
Common names.—The confusion in connection with
the common names of fishes has naturally caused more
or less difficulty in tabulating statistics of fisheries for
the entire country. In some instances a single species
of fish is known by a number of different names in the
same section as well as in different sections of the coun-
try, and it also frequently happens that a single name
will represent different species of fish in different local-
ities. It is the exception, perhaps, rather than the
rule, in the case of fishes usually taken in the commer-
cial fisheries, to find a species that is not known by
more than one common name. Such names as ‘‘her-
ring,” ‘‘trout,’”’ and ‘‘perch,’”’ are frequently applied
by fishermen and others in various localities to species
to which they do not properly belong, or which require
that the name be supplemented with some qualifying
word in order to be clearly understood. Even the
familiar and generally well-understood name ‘‘shad”’
is, in North Carolina, sometimes applied to the men-
haden. In this report an effort has been made to list
each species under a correct and well-established com-
mon name in the general tables, and at the same time
in the tables for each state to use, so far as consistent,
names which are applied locally.
Under ‘‘ Albacore, or horse mackerel,” are included
the horse mackerel of the Atlantic coast, the tuna of
California (Thunnus thynnus), and related species
usually known as albacore. In the tables for Califor-
nia ‘“‘albacore and tuna” includes Thunnus thynnus
and related species, while the name ‘‘horse mackerel”
is applied to Trachurus picturatus, as is the custom
locally. The name ‘‘alewife” or ‘‘alewives’’ has been
used exclusively to designate Pomolobus pseudoharen-
gus and P. estivalis, although these species are very
generally known in Chesapeake Bay, Albemarle Sound,
and elsewhere in the Middle and South Atlantic states
as herring, and in the New England states as alewives
and bluebacks, respectively. The name “herring”
has been used to designate Clupea harengus on the
Atlantic coast and C. pallasii on the Pacific coast,
while the various species of lake herring, Leucich-
thys artedi, L. hoyi, and other species of Leucichthys,
which are locally known as herring in the Great Lakes
region, have been designated as ‘‘lake herring,’’ and
L. hoyi sometimes as ‘“‘chub,” or ‘‘kieye.’”’ Under
“bream and sunfish” are included various species
of Lepomis and Eupomotis. The name “perch” is
used in the tables for Washington, Oregon, and
California for the viviparous perches, Cymatogaster
aggregatus, Embiotoca jacksoni, Damalichthys argy-
rosomus, and other Embiotocide or surf-fishes. The
name ‘‘surf-fish” is also applied to certain species of
this family, and all the species tabulated under the
head ‘‘viviparous perch’? are in fact surf-fishes.
“Drum, fresh-water” or ‘‘drum or sheepshead’”’ is
used for Aplodinotus grunniens, and ‘drum, salt-
water’ for Pogonias cromis and Scizenops ocellatus.
“Channel bass’’ is also used as a designation for this
latter species. ‘‘Sheepshead” is the term used to
designate <Archosargus probatocephalus. The name
‘“‘halibut” is used exclusively for Hippoglossus hippo-
glossus, while the bastard halibut (Paralichthys cali-
fornicus) of California is not shown separately, but is
included with flounders. ‘Hickory shad” is applied
to Pomolobus mediocris in waters on the Atlantic coast,
and to P. chrysochloris in rivers of the Mississippi Val-
ley. ‘‘Shad” is not applied in this report to any spe-
cies except Alosa sapidissima, and A. ohiensis, and
Brevoortia tyrrannus is given only as ‘‘menhaden.”’
“‘Jewfish” is applied to Garrupa nigrita on the Atlan-
tic coast, and to Stereolepis gigas on the Pacific coast.
The names ‘“‘kingfish” and ‘‘whiting” are used for
various species of Menticirrhus on the Atlantic coast,
while in Florida ‘‘kingfish”’ applies to Scomberomorus
cavalla, but in the summary tables for the United
States the two names are combined as a single designa-
tion for the various species of Menticirrhus, the king-
fish on the Pacific coast being an entirely different spe-
cies. Merluccius bilinearis in the New England and
Middle Atlantic states is frequently known by the name
‘‘whiting,” but in this report that species has been des-
ignated as ‘‘silver hake.” The name “‘pigfish,”’ and in
Virginia the name “hogfish,” designate Orthopristis
chrysopterus, and in the summary tables for the entire
country the two names combined represent this
species, while in the tables for Florida “hogfish” is
Lachnolaimus maximus, which is included among the
miscellaneous species in the summary statistics.
In the statistics for Maine and Massachusetts the
name ‘‘catfish” designates Anarhichas lupus, while
10 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
in the statistics for other states ‘‘catfish” represents
the various species of Siluride commonly known by
that name. The name ‘‘pompano” on the Atlantic
coast designates T’rachinotus carolinus, the common
pompano, but in the statistics for California this name
represents Palometa sumillima, which is one of the but-
terfishes, and is included with the butterfishes in the
summary statistics.
Comparison with statistics of previous canvasses.—
Statistics of fishing industries for 1880 and 1889 were
included in the reports of the Tenth and Eleventh
censuses. Statistical reports on fisheries have also
been issued from time to time by the Bureau of Fish-
eries in which only certain sections of the country are
considered in any one year. The seven districts into
which the United States has been divided for this pur-
pose and the years for which statistics have been pub-
lished are as follows: New England states, 1888, 1898,
1902, and 1905; Middle Atlantic states, 1888, 1892, 1897,
1901, and 1904; South Atlantic states, 1888, 1897, and
1902; Gulf states, 1888, 1890, 1897, and 1902; Pacific
states, 1888, 1892, 1895, 1899, and 1904; Great Lakes
1885, 1890, 1899, and 1903; and the Mississippi River
and its tributaries, 1894, 1899,and1903. These reports
show in detail the number of persons engaged in the
fisheries ; the investment in fishing vessels, transporting
vessels, boats, various apparatus of capture, and shore
and accessory property, and the amount of cash capi-
tal; and the amount and value of products by species
taken and by apparatus used. In the following table
are presented the comparable statistics for the United
States (exclusive of Alaska) for the censuses of 1908,
1889, and 1880, and aconsolidation from selected reports
of the Bureau of Fisheries made for the several districts
mentioned above from 1900 to 1904. For the purpose
of comparison the statistics as to the number of persons
employed are confined to fishermen, exclusive of shores-
men, while those relating to the capital employed are
confined to that invested in vessels and their outfits,
boats, and apparatus of capture, and do not include
capital invested in shore and accessory property or
cash capital.
It will be observed that the items for each canvass
show an increase over the corresponding figures for the
last preceding canvass, except that the number of fish-
ermen for the period 1900-1904 exceeds the number
for 1908; the number of vessels shown for 1889 exceeds
that for either of the subsequent canvasses; and the
tonnage of vessels shows a decrease at each canvass, as
compared with the preceding one.
In 1880 the investment in vessels formed 47 per cent
of the total reported, and the investment in boats 12
per cent, while in 1908 the investment in vessels shows
a decrease in relative importance to 41 per cent of the
total, and that in boats an increase to 21 per cent.
The proportion represented by investment in appa-
ratus of capture and outfit shows but little variation —
41 per centin 1880 and 38 per centin 1908. The ratio of
the capital invested to the value of products has pro-
gressively increased, the capital invested in vessels,
boats, and apparatus of capture being equivalent to
63 per cent of the value of products in 1908, com-
pared with 53 per cent in 1880.
1908 1900-1904 ! 1889 1880
Number of fishermen, exclusive 3
of shoresmen..........-...-.-- 141, 031 151, 561 134, 923 95, 684
Capital, not including shore and
ator y property and cash. . .|$34, 099, 000 |828, 590, 000 /$23, 328,000 | $19,901, 000
essels:
Number 6, 933 6,740 7, 208 6,605
Tonnage 126, 453 130, 432 157, 209 208, 298
7 Value...... $13, 806,000 |$11, 297,000 |$1 ,343,000 | $9,357,000
oats:
Number 83, 548 80, 516 79, 539 41,804
Value... ceecsavssscccceee $7,269,000 | $5,179,000 | $4,734,000 | $2,405,000
Apparatus of capture and
OUETAG c deccas a: eats crete aici tord ai $13,025,000 |$12, 115,000 | $8,251,000 | $8,138,000
Value of products........-.----- $54, 031, 000 |$49, 398, 000 $42,904,000 | $37, 789, 000
1 Combined statistics for the New England states, South Atlantic states, and Gulf
states for 1902; Great Lakes and Mississippi River and its tributaries for 1903; Middle
Atlantic states and Pacific coast states for 1904; and minor interior waters for 1900-
1903.
The following table shows the value of products of
the specified fisheries for certain years:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
CLASS OF FISHERIES.
1908 1900-1904! 1889 1880
AMOUNT.
Total sc ccxeresscovecie sci $54,031,000 |$49, 398, 000 |$42, 780,000 | $39, 885, 000
General fisheries................. 36, 382, 000 | 30,101,000 | 25,689,000 | 21,840, 000
Oyster fisheries........-.-....--- 15, 713, 000 | 16, 681,000 | 13,294,000 | 13, 404, 000
Menhaden fisheries. i 893,000 | 1,426,000 | 1,818,000 2,117,000
Sponge fisheries...............-. 545, 000 364, 000 282, 000 201, 000
Whale fisheries.................. 497, 000 824,000 | 1,698,000 2, 323, 000
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION.
i fo) f:) ee ee 100 100 100 100
General fisheries....... — 67 61 60 57
Oyster fisheries... _. E 29 34 31 31
Menhaden fisheries. 2 3 4 5
Sponge fisheries... . aa 1 1 1 1
Whale fisheries...-.............. 1 2 4 5
1 Combined statistics for the New England states, South Atlantic states, and
Gulf states for 1902; Great Lakes and Mississippi River and its tributaries for 1903;
eee a states and Pacific coast states for 1904; and minor interior waters
or Ee
The decline in the value of products of the whale
and menhaden fisheries is marked, while large gains
are shown for the value of products of the general
fisheries and the sponge fisheries. The oyster fish-
erles show a general increase in value of products,
although a larger value was reported for the period
from 1900-1904 than for either 1908 or 1889.
CHAPTER II.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
The general statistics for the United States and for the five divisions are summarized in the following table:
PER CENT OF TOTAL.
meg Atlantic ae of Pacific Mississippi a
ota! coast exico coast iver akes . A sagtgai:
7 . ran Atlantic | Gulfof | Pacific | Mississip-| Great
division. | division. | division. | division. | division. coast Mexico coast iRiver | Lakes
division. | division. | division. | division. | division.
Number of persons employed............. 143, 881 94,281 15, 481 13, 855 11,731 8, 533 66 11 10 8 6
CADE ccs os oe fraeisters xraeniercinnats sn damreetersccee 342,021,000 ||$25, 398,000 | $3,901,000 | $6, 468,000 | $1, 440,000 | $4,814,000 60 9 15 3 ll
Vessels and boats, including outfit....] 25,101,000 || 16,553,000 | 2,805,000 | 3,544,000 547,000 | 1,651,000 66 il 4 2 7
Apparatus of capture................. 8,999, 000 3, 822, 000 374,000 | 2,459,000 514,000 | 1,831,000 42 4 27 6 20
Shore and accessory property and
7,921, 000 5, 023, 000 722,000 465, 000 379,000 | 1,332,000 63 9 6 5 17
54,031,000 || 35,474,000 | 4,825,000 |} 6,839,000 | 3,125,000 | 3,767,000 66 9 13 6 7
The fisheries of the Atlantic coast division contrib-
uted nearly two-thirds of the total number of persons
employed, the value of products, the capital invested
in vessels and boats, and that invested in shore and
accessory property, together with cash capital, though
they represented a somewhat smaller proportion of
the capital invested in apparatus of capture.
On account of the relatively large investment in
apparatus of capture in the Pacific coast and the
Great Lakes divisions, in the former chiefly in the
form of the wheels and slides used in the salmon
fisheries and in the latter chiefly in the form of pound
nets and traps, these two’divisions rank second and
third, respectively, in the amount of capital employed.
The investment in vessels reported for the Pacific
coast division is also relatively large, as is the invest-
ment in accessory property, together with cash
capital, reported for the Great Lakes division. In
the value of products reported the Pacific coast fish-
eries rank next to those of the Atlantic coast.
Because of the prominence of the fisheries of the
New England states, chiefly on account of the deep-sea
fisheries, and of the Middle Atlantic states, ou ac-
count of the oyster fisheries, a summary of the statis-
tics of the Atlantic coast division by state groups is
here given.
PER CENT OF TOTAL.
Atlantic ' ae 4 Pricer South
coast nglan tlantic Atlantic N +
aa ew Middle South
division. states. states. states. England Atlantic Atlantic
states. states. states.
Number of persons employed......-..-.-------- 2-22-22 eee e cece ee eee eee eee 94, 281 22,157 54, 163 17,961 24 57 19
Capital. cai. seco siees cece zeae see ee ieee $25, 398, 000 $11,970,000 | $11,105,000 $2, 324, 000 AT 44 9
Vessels and boats, including outfit. 16, 553, 000 8, 201, 000 7, 280,000 1,073,000 50 44 6
Apparatus of capture.................-- 3, 822, 000 1, 675, 000 1, 578, 000 569, 000 44 41 15
Shure and accessory property 5,023, 000 2,094, 000 2, 248, 000 682, 000 42 45 14
Value of products.....- Misses sesecicls Seren 35, 474, 000 15, 139, 000 16, 302, 000 4,034, 000 43 46 11
Chesapeake Bay is the most important fishing
ground on the Atlantic coast. The fishermen of
the Chesapeake Bay fisheries, including those of its
tributary waters, formed more than one-third of the
total number employed in the Atlantic coast fisheries
in 1908, and the value of the products of the Chesa-
peake Bay fisheries constituted more than one-fifth of
the value of all products of the Atlantic coast fish-
eries. As the fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its
tributaries cover portions of four states, a summary
of the statistics, by states, is given in the following
table:
(11)
12
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
> j PER CENT OF TOTAL.
Maryland penesyi ves
Total. and Virginia. ety a Pennévi
Delaware. fisheries). || Maryland.| Virginia. Sanne
Muimaber of Gerstris am loved vs ou ccuncasad ecrencwencaes veseueaam seed emale 35, 685 17, 820 17,416 449 50 49 1
Capital cis ccacascicac icgecacta coca ie $4, 715, 000 $2,019,000 | $2, 681, 000 $14, 000 43 57 8
Vessels and boats, including outfit... 3, 486, 000 1, 601, 000 1,879, 000 4,300 46 54 G
Apparatus of capture................. 778, 000 335, 000 433, 000 9, 800 43 56 1
Shore and accessory property and cash 452, 000 84,000 369, 000 300 19 82 ¢ }
Value of products: cose 'cs . sear acmune ok ys veterans: Se eeememuiens seen ec 7, 261, 000 3, 189, 000 4, 046, 26,000 44 56
1 Less than 1 per cent.
With the exception of the number of persons em-
ployed, Virginia leads Maryland in every respect.
The number of persons employed in the Chesa-
peake Bay fisheries is larger than the number
reported for any of the other divisions of the Atlantic
coast waters. Of the total capital employed, 74 per
cent represents the value of vessels and boats, includ-
ing outfits, 17 per cent the value of apparatus of cap-
ture, and 10 per cent the value of shore and accessory
property and cash, the investment in vessels, boats,
and outfits being the largest proportionately re-
ported for any district or subdivision. The products
of the Delaware fisheries which were conducted on tribu-
taries of Chesapeake Bay consisted principally of shad.
Fourteen fishermen, using boats and apparatus of
capture valued at $400, took products valued at $2,100.
The following table is a summary of the general
statistics for the fisheries of the Great Lakes and their
tributary waters, classified according to the six prin-
cipal bodies of water comprising the division, namely:
Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake St.
Clair and the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, Lake Erie,
and Lake Ontario, with which are included the Niagara
and St. Lawrence Rivers:
PER CENT OF TOTAL.
Lake 8 ola,
Clair and including Lake Lake
Total Lake Lake Lake St. Clair Lake Nia, ee. St. Clair] Ontario,
: Superior. | Michigan. Huron. and Erie. ane et Lake | Lake Lake | 20d St. Lake | including
Detroit Lawrence || Supe- | Michi- H © | Clair aah 7 Niagara
Rivers. Rivers rior. | gan. uron.| and 1€-| and St.
" Detroit Lawrence
Rivers. Rivers.
Number of persons employed. . 8, 533 786 2, 706 1, 382 221 3,142 296 9 32 16 3 37 3
Capital. s.csseeeescases oeueeces $4, 814, 000 £391,000 | $1,965, 000 $733, 000 $46,000 | $1, 644, 000 $35, 000 8 Al 15 1 34 1
Vessels and boats, includ-
WMP outfits. <2c0es cases 1, 651, 000 149, 000 692, 000 185, 000 10,000 603, 000 11,000 9 42 11 1 37 1
Apparatus of capture...... 1, 831, 000 159, 000 753, 000 281, 000 8, 000 615, 000 16, 000 9 41 15 (1) 34 1
Shore and accessory prop-
erty and cash............ 1,332, 000 83,000 519, 000 267, 000 28, 000 426, 000 7,900 6 39 20 2 32 1
Value of products..........-.-- 3, 767, 000 342,000 | 1,554,000 486, 000 32,000 | 1,280, 000 74, 000 gf 41 13 1 34 2
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Ranked according to the value of fishery products,
Lake Michigan was first, with Lake Erie, Lake Huron,
Lake Superior, Lake Ontario, and Lake St. Clair and
its adjacent rivers following in the order named, the
first two named reporting three-fourths of the total.
The order was the same in respect to the amount of
capital employed in the fisheries, except that Lake St.
Clair and its adjacent rivers outranked Lake Ontario;
and, as in the case of value of products, three-fourths of
the total capital of the division was reported for Lakes
Michigan and Erie. A larger number of persons em-
ployed was reported from Lake Erie than from Lake
Michigan; otherwise, the lakes follow the same order in
respect to this item as in the case of value of products.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
SUMMARY—FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1908.!
13
VESSELS. BOATS.
f
Number of Value of anoeeaey Value of
STATE. L panos Value, in- by dotted property | products.
employed. | Number.} cluding ||Number.| Value. puure. | and cash.
outfit.
MOtales Salen eta cate esc ace ten SA Ane at cata Oe 143, 881 6,933 |$17, 831, 000 83,549 | $7,269,000 |] $8,999, 000 | $7,921,000 | $54,031, 000
VAAN js cae fore an ahs dvmineanmamraeaseeacisewelioe as aaeoe bee paca atocee 670 34, 000 23, 000 82, 000 387, 000
Arkansas.......... 1,154 37, 000 31, 000 13, 000 207, 000
California........ 2,121 493, 000 000 91, 000 1,970, 000
Connecticut 1,069 118, 000 84,000 | 1,086,000 2, 982, 000
DSlAWATE: asco kes asee ts seer ween ne Se REE are eRas 792 38, 000 63, 000 9, 500 541,000
Wlorl das gus gt aaa jgincke oS snes eisin's diesdesiecans oh ad slewaree els doce razenaa’s med 5, 702 575, 000 326, 000 668,000 | 3, 389, 000
Georgla... . 2,791 , 000 55,000 185, 000 701, 000
Tilinois. . .. 4, 222 234, 000 272, 000 295,000 | 1, 436, 000
Indiana. 937 16, 000 28, 000 , 000 223, 000
Towa...... 832 38, 000 29, 000 11,000 215, 000
Kentucky. 511 11, 000 21, 000 6, 600 110, 000
Louisiana. 4, 469 354, 000 95, 000 ,000 | 1,569, 000
Maine..... ae 6, 969 662, 000 576, 000 166, 000 3, 257, 000
Mary lands... ose) caciccee oh avis ts ah eee see ea Ses Seu eReeae teases: z 1,001, 000 8, 493 , 000 369, 000 86, 000 3, 306, 000
DMASSACH SOUS ciao oa issacste cr epsiaitianedaietnrnin note ieaidein ge Ha epee eet Seren tae 11,577 671 | 4,282, 000 3,694 477, 000 775, 000 215, 000 , 095,
MICH Batis ..cscnncdsaderaaincdbcee d nidresielcaisictelnsdecopiee nie itis ssmanies, 3, 472 110 327, 000 1,647 267, 000 821, 000 599, 000 1, 473, 000
Minnesota antalya 34 4 16, 000 689 36, 000 43, 000 33, 000 92, 000
resend 2,037 206 372, 000 1,144 46, 000 58, 000 46,000 556, 000
Missourl)iiciccsccunccsss sere teacean nad Meee peetstcteeseesease! 1908 |lsavsceceuelniecasaaasist 785 000 39, 000 27,000 271,000
New Jersey. 7, 231 435, 709, 000 3, 843 391, 000 345, 01 269, 000 3,069, 000
New York 6,775 643 | 1,750,000 3,131 308, 000 362,000 | 1,413,000 4, 594, 000
North Carolina 9,681 || 299 82, 000 4,984 251, 000 367, 000 70, 000 1,776,000
OMG ee sccesccssec: sngesex 2 2,054 54 215, 000 1, 083 141, 000 423, 000 343, 000 840, 000
Oregon : win: ceee ce ateeees 4,772 44 140, 000 2,312 367, 000 795, 000 65, 000 1, 356, 000
PONNSY1V AI Bias on es anne tijecinsl atin giniise nen eae nes ae c tare eT 1, 250 66 254, 000 333 26, 000 114, 000 87, 000 513,
1, 493 138 515, 000 815 133, 000 230, 000 627,000 1, 752, 000
2,559 108 50, 000 1,719 , 000 16, 000 5, 288,
Lisiemencudl Sema ancaeee 399 9, 400 27,000 13, 000 112, 000
1,780 157 | 269, 000 991 117, 000 41,000 26,000 446, 000
Virgina wis ccscsiigesiakaiie ap sadalnes a2cudnc hulu sash auaained evita ames 20, 066 946 | 1,332,000 10, 942 733, 000 5 434,000 4,716, 000
Washington a 4,954 190 | 1,594,000 2,798 377, 000 1, 162, 000 309, 000 3,513, 000
Wisconsin........-. 2,011 89 244, 000 1, 200 173, 000 407, 000 276, 000 1,067,000
Allother states 2 BAD: |lercieic ajsrays cell ira cis restore ereis 308 18, 000 17,000 3,900 110, 000
1 Exclusive of Alaska.
1 Includes Kansas, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and West Virginia.
CHAPTER IIL
PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES, AND WAGES.
Persons employed.—The census was intended to
include a report of all persons actually engaged in
commercial fishing, whether on vessels, in boats, or on
the shore.
The instructions to the special agents in regard. to
the enumeration of the persons employed were in part
as follows:
Proprietors, firm members, and independent fishermen.—Stockhold-
ers of corporations should not be reported unless they are also em-
ployees of the company. A person fishing on shares, delivering a
part.of the catch to another person and selling the remainder, should
not be considered as an independent fisherman; in this case the
person to whom a part of the catch was delivered should be con-
sidered the proprietor. It is desired to show in the report the total
number of persons engaged in fishing. For this reason it is necessary
to indicate whether the proprietor was actually engaged in fishing.
In the great majority of cases the proprietor will be found to be so"
engaged, but in cases where he is not, this fact should be indicated
in the space provided. If the ownership of the vessel is in shares,
a number of which are held by parties who take no part in its man-
agement, these parties should be reported as ‘‘shareholders.’’ Per-
sons reported in inquiries 2, 3, and 4 should not be duplicated when
more than one schedule is secured for operations carried on under
the same ownership.
Salaried employees.—There will probably be comparatively few
cases where it will be necessary to answer this inquiry. It applies
only to large companies having a managing office in which records
of the fishing are kept by salaried employees. Persons reported in
this inquiry should not be reported on another schedule.
Vessel crew.—The regular crew, including the fishermen on the
vessel, should be reported as ‘vessel crew.” If the captain or any
other member of the crew has been reported as a proprietor, he
should not be reported here. Where fishermen are working on
shares, it will be necessary to estimate the annual wages. Where
board is provided for fishermen as part compensation, the value of
provisions thus used should not be included in wages, but should
be reported separately as provided for in the schedule.
The number of shoresmen reported represents only
persons employed on shore in direct connection with
the fisheries, and does not include those employed in
secondary handling of fishery products in canneries,
packing houses, and other establishments. For these
reasons the number of persons reported as shoresmen
is not comparable in all cases with the number shown
by the Bureau of Fisheries in its various annual re-
ports, which includes those employed in fish-packing
and canning establishments. The statistics for the
canneries and packing houses are given in Chapter
VITI.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DIVISION AND CLASS. e
Proprie-
_torsand | Salaried Wage- .
Total. ae oe ee earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
men.
United States cccicccies ges ceecnadsseereseeaee ewan cee enteeeteeedancieiieh eee 143, 881 172,030 350 71,501 || $16,377,000 || $319,000 | 2 $16,058,000
Vessel fisheries sc -ccacsn ex cagencescesanaseaes nisesembeataee canes se Vereen 4,248 231 27, 400 8,230,000 || 220, 000 8,010, 000
Transporting vessels.......-... 1,050 23 3, 435 43, 000 20,000 923, 000
Shore and boat fisheries 66, 732 96 37,816 6, 449, 000 79, 000 6, 370, 000
ShHOresMeNs 223 5c ciniecknk ace ena scence Maas Mes Seeeneheweteersegen ean) 2800 licmceeserescliasesetice. , 850 755,000 |)..-.....2. , 000
Atlantic Coast GI VISION, oo; 2:2. scsorciajeseiae sie boklealaaeeie Sbsdee a RaGietemee chibioes Be seed 45, 659 219 48, 403 9,904,000 {| 184,000 9,720, 000
ee Sere Fae ae asia lane 64 eee POR TT aera es aaa ean 3, 1 a 20, ae 5, ne, 000 || 156,000 5, 559, 000
ransporting vessels.........-..- 618, 000 4,100 614, 000
Shore and boat fisheries 41,216 45 23, 040 3,152, 000 23,000 3,128, 000
ShoresMeO wie nc vciciccs sc sccacacsevcceces as seatasaeeeussersreasacescemescacesesazare] Ly 7b4 liasoccnccesaance secs 1,754 OOO: Heese errcices 418,000
Gulf6f Mexico Civisl on icc.e sisceis. sists aioe ikdciec’s Saveiinwiarnernrdal es sa piiebemioeewe inde ie 15, 481 5, 896 52 9, 533 2,349, 000 57,000 2, 292, 000
‘Vessel fisheries’. rcrosescnas stewie yee wide Siciciald alan ede cetisiaclesatiare aid ving scleaig ee Belew ajeghe 3,970 352 26 3,592 1,040,000 |} 35, 000 1, 004, 000
Transporting vessels. .... : 396 36 18 342 34, 000 16, 000 117, 000
Shore and boat fisheries. . 10,577 5,508 8 5,061 1,042, 000 5,700 1, 036, 000
Shoresmen.........---- 538: Ile ceinieeine se nc[eneeiieeces 538 134,000 ||.......... 134, 000
Pacific coast division. ...........2-...... eee eee cece eee ee eee eee eee ee eees 18, 855 6,904 39 6, 912 2, 264, 000 51,000 2,213, 000
— res on 1, pe a 15 1,643 900, 000 14, 000 886, 000
ransporting vesse itaatiinees Haoendine pSEE RESO edema eGcaeeseeemeeesecetesk 2, BOB DO Nescacissccn 349 140,000 ||.......... 1
Shore and boat fisheries 11, 626 6,789 24 4,813 1,175,000 37,000 1, 138000
Shoresmen.......-. is LO?! ecerciciesc sdreaee] osiionness 107 OOO! [leis i aje.sieiscoe 49,000
Great Lakes division . 8,533 4,402 25 4,106 1,345, 000 18,000 1, 327,000
Vessel fisheries... 1,494 325 15 1,154 566, 000 556, 000
Transporting vessels. . 78 LO Wisse eaes 30, 000 0,000
Shore and boat fisheri 6, 600 4,067 10 2,523 623, 000 615,000
Shoresmen BOW [fica aon seecelsaeere exes 361 127,000 127,000
Mississipp! River divisions. ccc ccacuness sananecas ste ehemidevawe se teceseadareees semeies! 11,731 9,169 15 2,547 515,000 . 506, 000
VeGsel SRG cu caceee uty enegenn is cuca nnuwns Hee cninMRKekeaTe Rie EMMMATRER EROS 30 6 6 18 9,300 | 5,100
Trans porting Vessels circa aocius otivivegeeamnts nelaaieraustainzines yauismstsasiasiontas aie 71 oD eee 60 21,000 |. 21.000
Shore and: boat fisheries sss :3....2senca cceeeeeeaass sae vgwescieiee td seem artes ---| 11,540 9, 152 9 2,379 457,000 | 453° 000
,
SHOPeSTI EH 5 oj. vo scininninieineod cas caueasces sasaceeiaw: 23 isemeeseess oneeeeeteseres ees OO ica cate esate aieenteeets 90 27,000 , 000
1 Exclusive of 2,952 proprietors not fishing.
(14)
3 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $1,803,000.
PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES, AND WAGES. — 15
The inquiry called for the number of proprietors, firm
members, and individual fishermen to be reported sepa-
rately, and also for a separate report of the salaried em-
ployees, such as officers, managers, and clerks. The
wage-earners were returned as (a) vessel fishermen, (6)
shore and boat fishermen, and (c) shoresmen. An esti-
mate was also obtained of the cost of provisions sup-
plied to employees, which is shown separately and also
included in the amount shown for salaries or wages.
The preceding table summarizes the statistics for
persons employed and salaries and wages paid, by
geographic divisions and by the main branches of the
industry:
Of the total number of persons engaged in the fish-
ing industry in the United States in 1908, 25 per cent
were employed on fishing and transporting vessels, 73
per cent in the shore and boat fisheries, and 2 per cent
as shoresmen, directly connected with the catching
of fish. In addition to the foregoing there were 2,952
proprietors not engaged in fishing.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Per cent distribution. Per cent of total.
DIVISION AND CLASS. -
Proprietors A Proprietors .
: Salaried A Salaried
and inde- Wage- and inde- | Wage-
Total. pendent employ ~ | earners. pendent SD Se earners.
fishermen. 7 fishermen. .
United Statesens eseensedeses ck eee cosibe te eens: epee ad Bee ecates Seed 100 100 100 100 50 Q) 50
Vessel fisheries.............. 22 6 66 38 13 1 86
Transporting vessels. ...-. 3 1 *7 5 23 1 76
Shore and boat fisheries 73 93 27 53 64 Q) 36
Shoresmen 2 | sotistancc sds secenseyerers Glades ety esullaietaemiee 100
66 63 63 68 48 (1) 51
il 8 15 13 38 3 62
10 10 11 10 50 qa 50
6 6 7 6 52 3 48
8 13 4 4 78 1 22
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The Atlantic coast division was by far the most
important in the United States, giving occupation to
66 per cent of all the persons engaged in fishing. The
next in importance of the fisheries districts was the
Gulf of Mexico division, where 11 per cent of the total
number were employed. The Pacific coast division,
the Mississippi River division, and the Great Lakes
division follow in the order named. The next table
gives the distribution of persons employed in the
Atlantic coast division, according to groups of states.
More than one-fourth of the total number of persons
engaged in fishing in the Atlantic coast division in 1908
were employed in the vessel fisheries and on trans-
porting vessels, and more than two-thirds in the shore
and boat fisheries, while less than 2 per cent were
shoresmen. In vessel fisheries and on transporting
vessels combined, over four-fifths of the persons em-
ployed were wage-earners, as compared with only a
little more than one-third of those employed in the
shore and boat fisheries.
Each of the three groups of states comprising the
Atlantic coast division employed more fishermen than
any one of the four other geographic divisions into
which the country is divided. More than one-half
of the fishermen of the Atlantic coast division were
employed in the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states,
nearly one-fourth in those of the New England states,
and about one-fifth in those of the South Atlantic
states.
In New England the vessel fisheries predominated, a
fact which was not true of any other group of states
for which statistics are presented. It follows that in
this group of states the total number of wage-earners
and salaried employees was large, as compared with
the total number of proprietors and independent fisher-
men. From the excess of the number of proprietors
and independent fishermen over the number of wage-
earners in the shore and boat fisheries it is evident
that there were more than 6,000 independent fisher-
men.
In the Middle Atlantic states over 70 per cent of
the persons employed were in the shore and boat
fisheries. In the South Atlantic states the number
of persons employed in the vessel fisheries was relatively
small. Only 1,973 persons, or 11 per cent of the total
number, were on fishing and transporting vessels.
16 : FISHERIES OF THE
UNITED STATES, 1908.
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN ATLANTIC COAST DIVISION: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
STATE GROUP AND CLASS.
Pro rielors ct Z
and inde- alaried Wage- 7
Total. pendent | employees. ener Total. Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
Atlantic coast division ..........-..2.. 22.22. ee eee eee e eee eee eee eee eee 94, 281 45, 659 219 48, 403 $9, 904, 000 $184,000 | $9,720,000
Vessel fisheries 's:csiesic.csnencicaiy cad Fi pesawaceddaeawecemneneaee ed eee dete 24, 631 3, 469 169 20, 993 5, 715, 000 156, 000 5, 559, 000
Transporting ‘vessels a.sis aiciiwseved 2 yo502 cna ensimatca sania sedecene cos 3, 595 974 2,616 618, 000 4, 100 614, 000
Shore and boat fisheries..............2.22. 2.22022 e cece eee ee ec eee eee 64, 301 41,216 45 23,040 3, 152, 000 23, 000 3, 128, 000
DHOLESMCD vs vreistnensase cincss se weiscrocectaies a renuertooniauls aa'h shames pCO | orezatsccesierwrniniciawss | consis Seine 1, 754 418, 000 ||...-.--.---- 418,
New England states) os soecneesessnwss sesecnesdcceze eeorer gecsausekeseedsesces ss 22, 157 9, 740 85 12, 332 4, 296, 000 90, 000 4, 206, 000
Vessel fisheries... a oc2estistecegn essence ate sceemeae aulseceateee i atte eeeet 10, 652 1,219 72 9, 361 3, 420, 000 80, 000 3, 340, 000
SPTATISPOPUIME VESSELS occ sia saiscess.n/s (oraints;nsasdtaidva crasa:s.n qedisleiaiaions mate nigiehae Biawiawian leis eS 535 92 2 441 208, 000 2, 500 206, 000
Shore and boat fisheries..............2.. 222.022 cece cece eee ee eee e een ee eeee 10, 583 8, 429 iL 2, 143 513, 000 7, 700 505, 000
STOP ESIN CM oiaiscaoisrays ware ice lareraltvaes Neds ects brates bia ahapelenes tat wba eile laversaines B87 | |necaauscinatat Ageauaamais 387 155, 000 |/--..--..---- 155, 000
Middle Atlantic states : 54, 163 26, 550 102 27,511 4, 459, 000 75, 000 4, 385, 000
Vessel fisheries 12, 474 2,118 V7 10, 279 2, 076, 000 61, 000 2,015, 000
Transporting vessels... -. 2, 592 766 3 1,823 356, 000 1,600 354, 000
Shore and boat fisheries. . 38, 153 23, 666 22 14, 465 1,822, 000 12,000 1,810, 000
SHOLESM ON y:.o.22s exer te csaGgeg sesreseceasawes ss Heee cesses ers HesKBEseeee ned 944 ll sexwereesweces letras ausc 205, 000 ||.-..---...-- 205, 000
South Atlantic'states 2. 25 e505 35 Seka cans asneaemeeeeted ay seeeveuseeeete 17, 961 9, 369 32 8, 560 1, 148, 000 19, 000 1, 129, 000
Vessel fisheries 1, 505 132 20 1, 353 219, 000 16, 000 203, 000
Transporting vessels..... 468 TG! asosesaecee? 352 54,000 ||.-...------- 54, 000
Shore and boat fisheries. . 15, 565 9,121 12 6, 432 816, 000 3, 500 813, 000
SHOLeSMM OD acc.scaiaysis aiveainss oi aidssrcis acaee sctie Gnd aie measaiaigeaia sier iene swe remunreie Sead Rae actee scale 428 Nec. cisicisiniseaie swe ae seisieaieiss sa 423 58,000 |j...--.------ 000
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN ATLANTIC COAST DIVISION: 1908—continued.
Per cent distribution. Per cent of total.
STATE GROUP AND CLASS.
Proprie- P .
tors and | Salaried Toprie- | Salaried
- Wage- tors and 2 Wage-
Total. hele end employ: earners. || independent ae earners.
meni , fishermen. ‘
Atlantic coast division ......... 2.2... 02.2 eee c eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 100 100 100 100 48 Q) 51
Messe lASheries. oso sc-ccachbe ce osede emcee Sunnddadeaah we iecdeeteneteees 26 7 43 14 1 85
Transporting vessels.....- 4 2 2 5 27 (1) 73
Shore and boat fisheries... : 68 90 21 48 64 () 36
SHOPeSMeCD ine cj cciss nase sede sessed amy iaciers ae eaamrinss Fees RSaie REM 2 reotmoveromes aes teased pe Beer te Sees 100
New fin gland slates’: cisicesicicars sicizisrciaescieiees eanipinnaaneeslevaiaie Sia craistaleiaieisi saat sien agnainalod doa Mele 23 21 39 25 44 ) 56
Middle Atlantic states... is 57 58 47 57 49 f 51
South Atlantic states ..........2...222..22..2222-. dre Krag. BO stat ones jevere mate eravceeimye ramen 19 21 15 18 52 Q) 48
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The following tabular statement shows the number
of persons engaged in the several classes of employ-
ment connected with the fisheries of Chesapeake Bay,
the chief fishing ground of the Middle Atlantic states,
and their distribution by states:
eries greatly predominated, reporting over 70 per
cent of the total persons employed.
As already indicated, fishing on the Great Lakes
gave occupation to fewer people than fishing in any
other of the main geographic divisions of the country.
The distribution of the persons employed among the
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN cHesareaxe | Various lakes and rivers of the Great Lakes division
BAY DISTRICT: 1908. =
is shown below :
Pennsyl-
CLASS. :
Maryland pine
Total. || and Del- | Virginia. | (Gusque- Eersons en:
aware. hanna LOCALITY loyed in
River : teat Lakes
fisheries). division: 1908.
Totals ic ssdesenses Aeetoeanecensins 17,820 | 17, 416 449 otal /.< vaaacnee vyplnnemh dasa ween Se eis 8, 533
West] RSROTIOS. eiccww sna cproccwarces neces 4,046 MIO bewessesinecssiein Lake Superior secs ciccsussccscetaien nde cescagee Sout busashoncatwartanin 786
Transporting vessels. ..... 975 O TBE [eck cepa Lake Michigan...........2.....20..02.00005 2,706
Shore and boat fisheries 12,723 | 13,814 449 | Lake Huron.....................00cceee cece eee ee 1,382
BHOTESMeN se 6:52 ssosccees setae eeaweas Seek 7 D4 Ne secacadans Lake St. Clair and St. Clair and Detroit Rivers 221
Ta O Wrle oie ase ntsresueniers estas sa darmcieamadaiacnnepisenisteene 3, 142
Lake Ontario, including Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers "296
The persons engaged in these fisheries were about
equally divided between Maryland and Virginia, the
few which are credited to Pennsylvania being engaged
on the Susquehanna River. The shore and boat fish-
Proprietors and «independent Jishermen.—Slightly
more than one-half of the persons engaged in the
fisheries of the United States in 1908 were proprietors
PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES, AND WAGES. 1é
and independent fishermen. Nearly two-thirds of
this class were reported from the Atlantic coast division,
the Mississippi River division ranking second with a
little more than one-eighth, followed by the Pacific
coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes, in the
order named. The greatest percentage of proprietors
and independent fishermen appears invariably in shore
and boat fisheries. This is natural, as it was to be
expected that independent fishermen would pre-
ponderate in the class of fisheries wherein the capital
required and cost of operation are not great.
The largest proportion which the proprietors and
independent fishermen formed of the total number of
persons employed is shown for the Mississippi River
division, where more than three-fourths were of this
class, The number is smallest, relatively, in the Gulf
of Mexico division, but even there it exceeds one-third.
The salaried employees are almost a negligible
quantity, amounting to only two-tenths of 1 per cent
for the United States as a whole.
Wage-earners and wages.—The number of wage-
earners in this report is the total number employed at
any time during the year. The wages returned on the
schedules were not those of the average fisherman,
nor for any uniform period throughout the country,
nor were they such as might have been secured if
employment had been continuous.
In many cases remuneration is not wholly in money
wages, but consists either altogether or in part in a
share of the catch, the share being given usually as
50 per cent of the catch after certain expenses are
deducted.
It was impossible in most cases to obtain from the
returns the net share of the catch going to the fisher-
man. This share had sometimes been calculated
weekly by the employing fisherman from slips which
had been at once destroyed. In many cases an esti-
mate, made either by the employer or by the special
agent upon information furnished, had to serve the
purpose. These estimates, however, are believed to
be substantially representative of the income received.
Some inland fishermen work for wages, with appa-
ratus and board furnished; others are paid by the
bushel or according to the weight of their catch. In
some coast fisheries men were given $25 a month and
board while employed, the value of the board being
calculated at $10 a month. When board was fur-
nished in addition to wages it is included in the
earnings given here. The earnings were frequently
pieced out in other industries or occupations, as, for
instance, in hunting or trapping, or perhaps in
farming; for in some sections there are farmers who,
being located near rivers, set seines and trawls, em-
ploying for this purpose men who, when not thus
occupied, do farm work.
The nationality of the fishermen may possibly have
something to do with the variations in the earnings in
the various sections of the country. On the Gulf of
76786°—11——2
Mexico and Southern Atlantic coasts there has been
little change in the nationality of the fishermen. Off
the coast of Maine the fishermen are practically all
natives. On some sections of the Massachusetts coast
a great number of the deep-sea fishermen are Portu-
guese and natives of Nova Scotia. In other localities
in this state the shore and boat fisheries are carried on
largely by Italians. A considerable number of fisher-
men in Rhode Island are Greeks. From New Jersey
there were reported a number of Swedes, Norwegians,
and Finns engaged in the vessel fisheries. In addition
to Americans—Finns, Norwegians, Swedes, Slavonians,
Greeks, Italians, Chinese, and Japanese are engaged
in the fishery industries of the Pacific coast.
Most of the vessels of the New England fisheries make
a number of voyages to the fishing grounds in the
course of a year. In some instances the crews were
engaged all the year round in one kind of fisheries or
another, whereas in others the catch was confined to
one or two kinds of fish and the season was accordingly
limited. For some of the Middle Atlantic states the
coast fisherman’s average season was given as six
months. The oyster season lasts from September to
May, when the crab season begins. The shad season
starts in December in the South when the shad enters
the rivers to spawn, and the season is successively
later and later northward. Drift or rip fishing off the
Massachusetts coast lasts from January 1 to October,
and hand line-fishing from the side of the vessel extends
to the end of the calendar year.
It will be noted that for the United States as a
whole the earnings considered relatively to the number
of wage-earners are greatest for the fishermen em-
ployed upon vessels. This is due to various causes,
among them being a greater continuity of employment.
In some instances vessels engaged in fishing during the
fishing season were employed in freighting or excursion
business for the rest of the year. Thus the crew was
employed for the entire year and the wages reported
represented the year’s work, as it was impossible to
obtain an estimate of the amount that should be
charged to fishing. In the shore and boat fisheries,
on the other hand, there are intervals of unemployment,
and the earnings can be supplemented, if need be, by
work in other occupations. Moreover, the number of
fishermen employed on vessels is more readily ascer-
tainable; if there are no records, then the estimates can
be more closely based on fact. The records for the
shore and boat fisheries are likely to be scattered; and
as the statistics were taken some months after the
close of the calendar year 1908, it is probable that the
numbers reported were not always perfectly accurate.
The earnings of the men employed on transporting
vessels ranked second. Their high relative earnings
also may be explained by the more accurate methods
of establishing the figures and the more nearly con-
tinuous employment observed in connection with
vessel fisheries. The earnings of shoresmen ranked
18 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
third, while shore and boat fishermen earned, relatively
to their numbers, less than those employed in any other
branch of the industry.
It was, moreover, true of every main geographic
division, shown in the table on page 14, that the gross
wages paid in the shore and boat fisheries relatively to
the numbers given employment at any time of the
year, however short the term of employment, ranked
lowest among the four classes of fisheries. In three
of the five divisions—the Atlantic, Pacific, and Great
Lakes—such relative earnings were greatest for wage-
earners in vessel fisheries; and in two—the Gulf of
Mexico and Mississippi River divisions—they were
greatest for wage-earners on transporting vessels.
The earnings of wage-earners on the Atlantic coast
were, relative to their numbers, less than those for any
other main geographic division except the Mississippi
River division. Notwithstanding this fact, such rela-
tive earnings in the New England states were larger
than for any of the main geographic divisions. The
reason for this is that in these states a large majority of
the fishermen are employed upon vessels, while in the
Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic states the majority
are engaged in shore and boat fisheries.
Comparison with prior censuses.—Comparative sta-
tistics for the number of fishermen (not including
shoresmen), as reported at the present census and at
the censuses of 1890 and 1880, are given in the follow
ing table. It should be noted, however, that the
figures for 1889, obtained in the census of 1890, do not
include persons for whom fishing was a transient occu-
pation, and that those for 1880 do not include the
‘ inland waters, excepting the Great Lakes. For these
reasons any comparison of the different years is of
doubtful value. Possibly fisheries of minor impor-
tance were carried on in Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, North Dakota, Utah, and Vermont in inte-
rior waters not directly tributary to any of the large
divisions, and were not included in the canvass of 1908.
It would appear that at the census of 1890 a num-
ber of fishermen not now classed as commercial fisher-
men were included. In 1908 the Atlantic coast states,
including Florida, reported 11,172 fewer fishermen
than in 1889, but 15,647 more than in 1880; while the
Pacific coast states in 1908 reported a total which is
3,169 more than in 1889 and 8,135 more than in 1880.
The states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, exclusive
of Florida, but including the entire states of Louisiana
and Mississippi, employed in 1908, 7,308 more than in
1889 and 7,766 more than in 1880.
PERSONS EMPLOYED.1!
STATE.
1908
141,031 | 134,923 95, 684
Alabama. 969 667 545
998 DOT ieee
California 4,100 2,089
Colorado.
Connecticut.
Maryland...........
Massachusetts......
Michigan...........
Minnesota. - eater
Mississippi.
Missouri.
Montana.
Nebraska
Nevada. .
New Hampshire...
New Jersey .....-...
New Mexico.......-
New York..........
South Carolin:
South Dakota.
Tennessee...........
Texas...
Utah....
Vermont.
Virginia............
Washington......
West Virginia.
Wisconsin. -
Wyoming...
1 Not including shoresmen.
? Not including transient fishermen.
3 Not including those employed on inland waters, excepting the Great Lake.
CHAPTER IV.
CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT.
Although it is impossible to collect satisfactory sta-
tistics in regard to capital invested in the fishing in-
dustry, it was considered necessary to include in the
schedule an inquiry on this subject. The number and
value of the different classes of vessels, boats, and ap-
paratus of capture were reported separately. The
value of land, buildings, machinery, tools, implements,
and other fixed capital, as well as cash on hand, mate-
rials in stock, and the various other items of live
capital, were returned as separate items of investment.
The instructions for the inquiry given on the schedule
were as follows:
The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owned
and borrowed. All the items of fixed and live capital may be
taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings
are rented or vessels are chartered, that fact should be stated and
the value given. The value of all items of live capital, bills re-
ceivable, unsettled ledger accounts, materials, products, and cash
on hand, etc., should be given as of the beginning of the business
year reported.
The total capital invested in the commercial fish-
eries of the United States, as compiled from the an-
swers to this inquiry, amounted to $42,021,000, of
which 57 per cent was invested in vessel fisheries and
43 per cent in shore and boat fisheries. The following
tabular statement gives the leading items of capital:
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Vessel Shore and.
Total. fisheries boat
. fisheries.
Total: ois s2cnscccccee es cemence ges $42,021, 000 $24, 030, 000 $17,991, 000
Vessels and boats, including outfit..... 25, 101,000 17,823, 000 7,277,000
Apparatus of capture aad 8,999, 000 2, 203, 000 6, 796, 000
Shore and accessory property.......... 5,342, 000 2,345, 000 2,997,000
Cash. os access sep secon xeeeee veers ee 2, 579, 000 1, 658, 000 921, 000
°
Shore and accessory property includes wharf prop-
erty, fish depots, house boats, shelters built near or
upon fishing grounds, and unused apparatus of cap-
ture; it does not include investments in preserving or
canning establishments. Cash consists of the current
funds employed in the business.
In the case of both classes of. fisheries the craft
used was the largest item of investment. The capital
invested in the vessels, including outfits, of the vessel
fisheries was nearly equal to the entire investment in
shore and boat fisheries and more than twice the capi-
tal reported as invested in boats by the shore and boat
fisheries. The apparatus of capture used by the shore
and boat fisheries, however, had a value over three
times as great as that used by the vessel fisheries.
The investment in shore and accessory property was
larger for the shore and boat fisheries, but a larger
amount of cash was reported for the vessel fisheries.
The amount represented by shore and accessory prop-
erty and cash combined did not differ materially for
the two classes of fisheries.
The capital invested in the Atlantic coast division
exceeded that of all the other divisions combined, be-
ing 60 per cent of the total In the case of nearly
every item more than one-half of the total for the
United States was reported for this geographic divi-
sion.
The Great Lakes division is the only one in which
there was less capital invested in vessels and boats
than in apparatus of capture. In this district the
amount reported for shore and accessory property
and cash was relatively high.
The capital invested is presented by main geographic
divisions in Table 1 on page 22 and by states on page
13. Those states reporting an amount in excess of
$2,000,000 are shown in the following tabular state-
ment in the order of rank. The nine states given had
‘invested a total capital of $27,227,000, or 65 per cent
of the total investment in the industry.
CAPITAL: 1908.
ena Per cent
Amount. | distribu-
tion.
United States accc0ccccaciecins coecaceaalerees ss ceceae $42,021,000 100
Massachusetts 5, 750, 000 14
NOW? YOPK sje, viciniiinis to teiaeiseieeminis th areas een sen ee! 3,832, 000 9
Washington oi sie 3, 441, 000 8
Virginia. ....... 2,984, 000 7
Florida......--. , 416, 000 6
Maine......-- 2, 411, 000 6
Connecticu’ 2,281,000 5
Maryland 2,099, 000 5
Michigan... ... 2,013,000 5
All Ban states 14, 794, 000 35
Vessels and boats.—Table 3 on page 23 gives in
detail the statistics of vessels and boats for the United
States as a whole, and for the main geographic divisions.
The value of vessels, outfits of vessels, and boats em-
ployed in the fisheries of the United States amounted
to $25,101,000, or 60 per cent of the total capital.
The distinction between vessels and boats is one of
tonnage. The term ‘‘vessel” is applied to all craft
of 5 tons register or over, whether or not they are
registered as required by the navigation laws of the
(19)
20
United States.
fied as boats.
Outfit includes provisions for the crew, and salt,
bait, ice, and other articles used in the taking and pre-
serving of the product, but does not include boats car-
ried by the vessels and such articles as repair tools,
nautical instruments, hawsers, anchors, or charts.
As these are considered a part of the vessel, their
value is included in the value of the vessels.
Thé subclass bearing the designation ‘‘Other,”’
which is shown in the tables under the heads of both
vessels and boats, includes scows and barges and all
unrigged or towed craft of 5 tons or more register in
the class of vessels and of less than 5 tons in the class
of boats. It does not include house boats, floating
wharves, or any sort of moored craft used only as
living quarters, as warehouses, or as docks. Such items
are included under ‘‘Shore and accessory property.”
The investment in vessels was $13,806,000, or 55
per cent of the total investment in craft, including out-
fits, and the investment in their outfits, $4,026,000, or
16 per cent, together making a total of $17,832,000
pertaining to vessel fisheries, or 71 per cent of the value
of all floating equipment. The investment in boats,
which was $7,269,000, or 29 per cent of the total, rep-
resents the share of the shore and boat fisheries in this
kind of equipment. Boats carried on vessels must not
be confused with boats used in the shore and boat
fisheries. The value of the former is included in the
value of the vessels.
Vessels are of two classes, those engaged in fishing
All craft of less than 5 tons are classi-
and those engaged in transporting the product to port -
or to market. Fishing vessels had a value of
$11,276,000, or 82 per cent of the total for vessels and
54 per cent of the total for all craft. The value of
outfits was much larger for the fishing vessels, as
transporting vessels carry no bait and remain away
from port a shorter period. Including outfits, the
fishing vessels had a total value of $14,849,000, of
which the value of outfits constituted 24 per cent; and
the transporting vessels a total value of $2,982,000, of
which the value of outfits constituted 15 per cent.
Fishing vessels and their outfits formed 59 per cent of
the investment in vessels, outfits, and boats, and
transporting vessels 12 per cent.
The classification of vessels and boats according to
means of propulsion is of special interest as showing
the extent to which power craft are used. The vessels
reported under the head ‘‘Steam and motor” were
mainly steam vessels, and the boats so reported
principally gasoline and naphtha launches.
Of the $21,075,000 invested in vessels and boats, not
including outfits, 55 per cent represents the value of
craft propelled by engines, 39 per cent the value of
sailing boats and vessels, 4 per cent the value of row-
boats, and 2 per cent the value of other boats and
vessels.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Vessels and boats, by divisions—The Atlantic coast
division is credited with 66 per cent of the total
investment in vessels and boats. Of the $16,553,000
so invested there, 58 per cent was in vessels, 17 per
cent in outfits, and 25 per cent in boats. The per-
centages for vessels and outfits are larger than in any
other division, and that for boats is smaller.
The value of the steam and motor vessels in use in
the Atlantic coast division was 50 per cent of the total
for all vessels in the division, but their number and ton-
nage formed only 34 per cent and 29 per cent, respec-
tively, of the corresponding totals. Although 69 per
cent of the steam tonnage of all vessels in the United
States fisheries was reported from the Atlantic coast
division, the proportions of the total number, tonnage,
and value were higher for sailing vessels, indicating a
greater relative use of the latter in these waters. The
value of steam vessels, not including outfits, exceeded
that of sailing vessels among fishing vessels in this
division, but not among transporting vessels.
Steam and motor boats of the Atlantic coast divi-
sion, although forming only 16 per cent of all boats
in number, contributed 60 per cent of the total value
of boats for that division. Of the value of all craft
in the Atlantic coast division, $7,324,000, or 53 per
cent, represents the value of craft equipped with
steam or other power; $5,833,000, or 42 per cent,
that of sailing craft; $484,000, or 4 per cent, row-
boats; and $90,000, or less than one-tenth of 1 per
cent, scows or barges.
The Pacific coast division ranked next to the Atlantic
coast division in the amount invested in vessels, outfits,
and boats, although it reported only 14 per cent of the
total for the United States. Steam vessels were in
general use, forming 72 per cent of all vessels and con-
tributing 83 per cent of the entire value.
In the Gulf of Mexico division the investment in ves-
sels, outfits, and boats amounted to $2,805,000, which
was 11 per cent of that for the ‘United States. The
proportion represented by transporting vessels was 16
per cent, which was greater than in the country as a
whole. ;
The capital invested in vessels and boats in the
Great Lakes division ($1,651,000, or 7 per cent of the
total) was distributed as follows: vessels, 52 per cent;
outfits, 11 per cent; and boats, 37 percent. With one
exception, all vessels were operated by steam or
motor power. Of the value of boats on the Great
Lakes, 81 per cent is credited to power craft, while
steam or motor craft represents 92 per cent of the
total investment in craft, not including outfit.
The investment of the fisheries of the Mississippi
River and its tributaries in vessels and boats ($547,000,
including outfits), was 2 per cent of the total so in-
vested in the United States. This is the only division
in which the value of the boats exceeded that of the
vessels. Steam and motor craft contributed 61 per
CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT. 21
cent of the value of all boats and 65 per cent of the
value of all craft of the Mississippi River division,
which, exclusive of outfits, was $528,000.
The amount invested in vessels in the United States
as a whole was divided between fishing vessels and
transporting vessels in the proportion of 82 per cent
and 18 per cent, respectively. In the Atlantic coast
division the proportion of the total vessel investment
represented by fishing vessels was 83 per cent; in the
Gulf of Mexico, 78 per cent; in the Pacific coast, 73
per cent; in the Great Lakes, 91 per cent; and in the
fisheries of the Mississippi River and its tributaries,
19 per cent.
The average tonnage of vessels was slightly over 18
tons, the average for steam vessels being 16 tons, and
for sailing vessels 20 tons. The following tabular
statement gives the average tonnage of the several
classes of vessels for the United States and for the
five geographic divisions:
AVERAGE TONNAGE OF VESSEL.
CLASS OF VESSEL. Alan Gulf of | Pacific} Great | Missis
United coast |Mexico} coast | Lakes Sy ee
States. || “aij. | divic | divi- | divi | Givy
sion. | Sion. | sion. | sion. | gion
Fishing vessels:
DB CORIN is cise cide oasis setae 17 16 9 43 14 7
DAM ic dea repaiprsls eens seaysfe Aetiee 20 20 14 125 |occcsccics|eccas vs a2
Transporting vessels:
SBI a. sciaccriecteereiis tee 12 A, 15 13 14 iO
Dalles xecamceas seacawasse ven 21 17 ll G67 fancanscss 7
Apparatus of capture—The total investment in
apparatus of capture was $8,999,000. Detailed statis-
tics for each class of fisheries are given in Table 2 on
page 22.
In point of value, pound nets, trap nets, and weirs
were the most important class of apparatus of capture,
having a total value of $3,000,000, which is 33 per
cent of the value of all apparatus of capture used.
The value of the pound net varied greatly according
to its size, ranging from less than $100 to over
$2,000 for some in use in the Pacific coast division.
They were most numerous in the Atlantic coast fish-
eries. Gill nets were in extensive and general use, rank-
ing second in value among all apparatus of capture.
Next in importance to gill nets were seines, valued
at $937,000, of which $286,000 represents the value
of 466 purse seines and $652,000 that of 7,530 haul
and other seines. By far the greater number of the
seines used and all but 9 per cent of the purse seines
were reported by the fisheries of the Atlantic coast.
Fyke and hoop nets ranked fourth in value.
Although used in large numbers in every division,
they were most prominent in the fisheries of the
Mississippi River and its tributaries, which con-
tributed 66 per cent of the number and 56 per cent
of the value of all fyke and hoop nets used in this
country.
The value of all classes of nets used in the fisheries
of the United States amounted to $7,315,000, or 81
per cent of the value of all apparatus of capture.
Of apparatus other than nets, the most important
as measured by value were hand, trawl, and set lines.
The Atlantic coast division led in this kind of ap-
paratus, reporting $367,000, or 77 per cent of the
value of all lines used.
Pots and traps of various kinds, which had a total
value of $457,000, were for the most part employed
in the lobster and eel fisheries of the Atlantic coast.
The few lobster pots and traps shown for the Pacific
coast fisheries were used in the spring lobster catch.
Practically all the eel pots and traps belonged to
the Atlantic coast fisheries.
Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc., were used most exten-
sively in the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico fisheries.
This class of apparatus was also used to a small extent
in the mussel-shell industry of the Mississippi River
division and in the molluscan fisheries of the Pacific
coast.
Other apparatus of capture included the wheels and
slides of the Pacific coast fisheries, the fishing machines
of North Carolina, and the sponge apparatus of the
Gulf of Mexico sponge fisheries.
The following tabular statement gives the amount
invested in apparatus of capture, by states, arranged
in the order of the value of apparatus reported:
Value ofappa
STATE. ratus of cap-
ture: 1908.
United States». <cccescuosseccuaeaeyneetecesnise aeeesees.c.eeeeee $8, 999, 000
Washini pUOM say siresaoivsh Rakin netsnne nese ciiedieen rina anata eee 1,162,000
DMC A ze pes ssccic initia och ogo aeianccseaiascscse ditcaibieadnel oie esdiaeg ase isco odane al alslendiNee 821,000
Oregon.......- wire 795, 000
Massachusetts........-.-----,------++- 775,000
Maine.g sccecasccaseiwauiciieeuceo ws 576, 000
California. . 502,000
Virginia 485,000
QII1O oie cca Sts es neeinoee ps ege deceit mceeiers Been apeEmsEEss eee 423,000
WASCONS Iii: esonleemd.ds a pein ap oaainsles ee eER ad asas weuESSeenERs Sue 407,000
Maryland........ 369,000
North! Caroling: v.s:oscmsetsk Sadecsncien cs senior iuncas tanceweniebe ees 367,000
INOW! MOT occas acisesuieisci c ecpoetn Uggetearigi ay adiclatessnaleanisie Seysiepenusmieesisas 362, 000
Florida.........- 326,000
WN OIS sous eon Lredadde dhe dad Suned ndenee Seed Ste tsaes Hen Gdaeeas eeet 272,000
Rhode lslan decac acentetesansd vesecdacses sevesen Sasaseeencmareeameee 230,000
Pennsylvania =: 22 <cis cccocie vencrenmcmne chicka sxnuiies waeseeutetee ses 114,000
AM Other States: «otic cacmcrcictsio beavimenmmen wpete seen eee NNeost etee 1,014,000
The table on page 22 gives statistics concerning the
different kinds of apparatus of capture as reported
for the vessel and for the shore and boat fisheries,
respectively.
Shore and accessory property and cash.—The dis-
tribution of the capital invested in shore and accessory
property and cash is shown by geographic divisions in
the table following.
22
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasLe 1.—EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST | GULF OF MEXICO | PACIFIC COAST MISSISSIPPI GREAT LAKES
UNITED STATES: DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. | RIVER DIVISION. DIVISION. PERCENT OF rovate
CLASS OF : ‘ssi
Per Per Per Per Per Per || Atlan-| Gulf | Pa- | Missis-
INVESTMENTS cent || ° cent cent cent cent cent || tic of cific | sippi tae
Amount. | dis- || Amount. | dis- | Amount. | dis- | Amount. | dis- | Amount. | dis- | Amount. | dis- |] coast |Mexico| coast | River | “qigj,
tribu- tribu-| tribu- tribu- tribu- Tibu-|| divi- | divi- | divi- | divi- | sion
tion. tion. tion. tion. tion. tion. || sion. | sion. | sion. | sion ¥
Totals sisi ci sien $42,021,000 | 100 |/$25, 398,000 | 100 $3,901,000 | 100 /$6, 468,000 | 100 |$1, 440,000 | 100 |$4,814,000 | 100 60 9 15 3 11
-| 17, 831,000 42 || 12, 449,000 49 | 1,964,000 50 | 2,307,000 36 77,000 5 | 1,034,000 21 70 11 13} (2) 6
14, 849, 000 35 || 10,607, 000 42 | 1,518,000 39 | 1,764,000 27 19,000 1 942, 000 20 7 10 12] @) 6
2,982, 000 7 1, 842,000 7 , 000 ui 543, 000 8 58,000 4 92,000 2 62 15 18 2 3
7, 269, 000 17 4, 104, 000 16 841,000 22 | 1,237,000 19 470,000 33 617,000 13 56 12 17 6 8
4,016, 000 10 |} 2,471,000 10 207, 000 552, 000 9 289,000 20 497,000 10 62 5 14 7 12
2,062, 000 5 1,073, 000 4 505, 000 13 449,000 7 1,000} () 35, 000 1 52 24 22} () 2
Row and other...| 1,190,000 3 560, 000 2 129,000 3 236,000 4 180, 000 12 85, 000 2 47 11 20 15 7
Apparatus of capture.) 8,999,000 21 3, 822; 000 15 374, 000 10 | 2, 459,000 38 514, 000 36 | 1, 831, 000 38 42 4 27 6 20
Shore and accessory
property and cash..) 7,921,000 19 5, 023, 000 20 722,000 19 465, 000 7 379,000 26 | 1,332,000 28 63 9 6 5 17
1 Less than 1 per cent.
TaBLE 2.—APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
SHORE AND BOAT
TOTAL. VESSEL FISHERIES. FISHERIES.
KIND.
Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value.
Jet ecrmenisoeecaanddamaineecadutmanstotwamequmaacxteeceecdd in obec Gubacd ioeheslssecpumenitis $8,999,000 |j....--------] $1,910,000 |..-.......-. $7,089, 000
PER ecesenEkeEeetees 81,191
233, 256
16,1
7,996
466
suse eeEe Kee ees 7,530
SuUEEESaESeS RESRUAE 4,760
SH Eeeee eae EEKSeteeS 13,027
duavdon Sanur kaweiiees 176
SiGsimauey ee eaeaeS 723
Spade se nieceesaenecey 1,853
data uisanmiuess seiioete 191
ey Stray are epelerbiee}e 5,796
idicve Sys sctoreiare ms Sects 20
See aiait hyaishtce as 4,243
slagciadieinss Sevenader 25
Benen aunises saee reer 169
FLAT POONS) SP CALS; CLC 2 siaesiccciercaspeimoisinersisiein + seine zanna ae abermi cine miee Rita daGweins Seee eam Sse
Lines—hand, “tra wil end et crs:s:accisis:a:starcrass-otsse pels areramcciasstdigis gisseearaiatruiaste:nibl staeand olarclv nvaiesesnancra tn) sRiw meioerensisiars
POts:@0G (LADS was 2: canter aceon seneets Haws cacentersnisis aclsielsieerenptassisicleisinaiere 464,002
Hel pots and trapss oun seseencece eee eee eee e eect emesis 32,172
Lobster pots and traps va acens ctosexaevs yeeexeemercie bepece eacteeaewe eae 270, 251
Otter, mink, and muskrat traps: swiss scneccevessas oss cedwssesasaeeaesees 133, 185
Other pots ANG TWaps's xs:5- 2. gees ons os ah ae ceneine stasis eceagannteseeee 28, 394
BPONES BUDOUGIEE. misinunisxorcne neta) in cialsin anak ek sme Guilin 59 PERRET wminths dcklie ae Pe meRATN oy a
MGS AT SIG 8 doc; ecosei ere: ang:s:3 assed doaceicahiain sisaid)# <claseisheiste as etd) oalninse wiaicaeen eS Tae 69
ed ees, Cones, Ta eS, Cl Cjoce cctac aie ecis seleginiee sinacemedsoawenese se tackieeicaiecseaue| meena 118,000 |...-........ 257,000
WEEE aw saawiawnctucienam names comes Sewecsiidnwes ee ieee eee nHiid ERReMeNEaR EAs oboamsnN Meee REECE TEM |nciaitas vesieue 29,000
1 Less than $100.
CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT. 23
Taste 3.—NUMBER, TONNAGE, AND VALUE OF VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
Atlantic Gulf of Pacific Mississippi
cLass. United States. |] _ coast Mexico coast | Great Lakes} “ River
division. division. division. division.
SEGUE Va ve cnien 5 3 0 ARO nk ) DEd eee ee a howe mene cpa eae caeaenaeenanedAaeaiaN $25,101,000 || $16,553,000} $2,805,000] $3,545,000 | $1,651,000 $547,000
Vessels:
NGM be? seniseunedieaeasacmitereckaGaac sade Gsauetsaieuinaeaeesaueateos 6,933 5,370 915 294 319 35
MONNALG or scuasi sdedanicn vociideun 126, 453 95, 502 11, 665 14, 503 4,499 284
Value of vessels.................-- $13,806,000 |} $9,628,000} $1,521,000] $1,740,000 $859, 000 $58, 000
Value of outfit.......... $4,026,000 $2, 821,000 $443, 000 $568, 000 $175,000 $19,000
Boats carried, number 11, 805 9,671 1,300 640 166 28
Steam and motor—
Number 2, 561 1,844 162 211 318 26
Tonnage 40, 723 28, 037 1,973 5,944 4,499 270
Value of vessels $7, 540,000 $4, 853, 000 $334, 000 $1, 439, 000 3859, 000 $56, 000
Value of outfit $1, 762, 000 $1, 003,000 $88, 000 $476, 000 $175,000 $19,000
Boats carried, number 3,629 2,900 177 358 166 28
Number 4,182 3,447 695 Sally Saaemeraeser
Tonnage...... 85, 730 67, 465 9, 692 8,559 |- i
Value of vessels. $6,196,000 |} $4,761,000 | $1, 145,000 $290,000 |.
Value of outfit........ $2, 264, 000 $1, 818, 000 $354, 000 $91,000 |.
Boats Carried DUM DCM sis. cis. cicen etiam snssawayrs cecauseneememeeeess aes 8,176 6, 771 1,123 282 |..
Other—
NUM D6fe scee se se sinewamnie me dosteceme ces eraaamn es ee Seen dce eigen nie! 190 79 58 45
Value of vessels ise ciisisve aes sciccistnree se iSigeininiee ene siciciatend eissieienigneinaie $70,000 $14,000 $43, 000 $10, 000
Fishing vessels—
NUM DOR. jo:ojcijdiectaide selene die ce cleciaasle ding petinisie woinslen vee emecoeiamaeae 5, 148 3,959 746 149
Tonnage.............. 96, 009 73, 749 9,702 8,471
Value of vessels....... $11, 276,000 $8,035, 000 $1,181,000 $1, 269, 000
Value of outfit.........- - $3, 574,000 $2, 572,000 3337, 000 3496, 000
Boats carried, number ‘ 10,340 8, 419 1,164 595
Steam and motor—
1, 888 1, 416 73 107 286 6
32, 609 23,295 645 4, 582 4,047 40
36,012, 000 $4, 067,000 $96, 000 $1,057,000 $780,000 $11,000
$1, 482, 000 $866, 000 $27,000 $420, 000 $162,000 $7, 500
fl 85 319 153 9
3,135 2, 467 637 31
63, 400 50, 454 9,057 3,889 |...
Value of vessels... $5,249,000 || $3,955,000} $1,084,000 $210,000 |...
Value of outfit........ $2,091,000 $1, 706,000 3310, 000 $75,000 }-
Boats carried, number 7, 28 5,9 ‘ 276
Other—
NUM Defias vise cneiisie s vee crebewsc cae veweciswamese veaewcaecetecnrse xeees 125 76 36 11 1 1
Valle of vessels viscsciciss sisiciearsiivisisisidod saveteisialaicietenis oiaiaons tratteaneieistenstensiane $15, 000 $12,000 $900 $1,100 $100 $200
Transporting vessels—
NUM DOE 00s orenean sees tcleeaseew eyoehe eweeh ewes neseeee eesti 1,785 1,411 169 145 32 28
Tonnage........-. 30, 444 21,753 1,963 6,032 452 244
Value of vessels... $2, 530, 000 $1, 593, 000 3341, 000 $471,000 379,000 $47,000
Value of outfit........ $452,000 $249, 000 $106, 000 372,000 $14, 000 $11,000
Boats carried, number 1, 465 1, 252 136 45 13 19
Steam and motor—
NUN DO Ry e3 1c, o/s 25s /5,2eeshaseasis ioe Sd lecoteSiascig adds Deine Selnee ed OigeaueRR adie 673 428 89 104 32 20
PIIos 111 ec ee a ce ae Nac een OR 4,742 1,328 1,362 452 230
Viale OF Vessels iin icdcivies whee eonetecueneciclaemes eee aceite $1, 529,000 $786, 000 $238,000 $382,000 $79,000 $45,000
Valuie:of oulthit cisco: axctacctencossiaessetarncecenes cae eeeees: 3280, 000 $138, 000 $61,000 $56, 000 314,000 $11,000
@ wo Carried, MUMbEM ssc. 222sccec sac ssccs case cseesecsece sean 573 410 92 39 13 19
ail—
Number. - 1,047 980 58 T |. 2
Tonnage........ 22,330 17,011 635 4,670 |. 14
Value of vessels....... we $947,000 $806, 000 $61,000 $80,000 }..- = $400
Valtie:of OUtfits.. vexev ses 2a semeremnenancan eenetesesmensemraces, $172, 000 $112, 000 $45, 000 $16, 000) | sscrsanwencacs cue amaticeenmse
Boats carried, number 22 s<225 cesccctas se eesewceveanseaesciws caemesese 892 842 44 GF | oe sadnsieteaias leet deems
Other—
INUIT DEBS -:5,. 25.5 sant adatacimnmeesauee Les aoekeaubetiete se aes AGERE 65 3 22 iia Pemeerpe er eee sey 6
ace Value of vessels.......---- =. 22-20-22 cece eee ce cece ceeeeeteeeneeesese $55,000 $1,800 $42,000 $9,100 |----2 2222s $2, 100
oats:
NUDED si canemcasas eden ceanee eee rceselescestaclewada lade eecechee eee 83,549 52,114 8,971 7,231 3,956 11,277
Viale nen ext oat ae ae seoes See CoS Mae tecb Aa dain ta Rined ater cseiiae yeu $7,269,000 || $4,104, 000 $841,000 | $1,237,000 $617,000 $470, 000
Steam and motor—
Num Det a.z ccc tcsssicinecs se ccceieieiseos sav cose cng esas terkeee sae eesnewineiese os 12,251 8,472 518 868 1,086 1,307
‘ ee ia cpacheatea Cede seiseralsie onmese cisece madlooeesac abe amcianmmne sere teem sede a $4,016,000 || $2,471,000 $207,000 $552,000 $497,000 $289, 000
ai]—
NUM D6 Rowe sec at mestne yenceuee sean eater tem ee onecipae eisai! Se Sateen tee 20, 144 14, 410 2, 443 2,903 378 10
= VAG eae cree a tates a byarsesyara ete a brah ayes epee neti <a ed ae $2, 062, 000 $1,073, 000 $505, 000 $449, 000 $35,000 $1,000
ow—
Ni BSP ce ceio ca reudeeaccwe otioueincunened teem uae eeoees aes 47, 785 27,096 5, 830 2,857 2,290 9,712
z pValue a aiesnierud biaen jets ale BASE eG Hetigd neues Heme oeoeeneLEE Eee aaa osee $904, 000 $484, 000 $105,000 $95,000 $51,000 $169, 000
ther—
NiamGRS = <2 2-8 acetate Sa erai ed ao ASE GOs ASI OS SIAR SEN Sec Rese 3, 369 2,136 180 603 202 248
Vil View bees Caan scence sateen aust hens aE Be lnariha AaB ener eines ata $286, 000 $76, 000 $24,000 $142, 000 $34,000 $11,000
CHAPTER V.
PRODUCTS.
The value of the fishery products in 1908 is the
largest yet recorded, and is in harmony with the slow
but steady growth revealed by previous canvasses made
under the direction of the Bureau of Fisheries or by the
Bureau of the Census. Comparative figures as to the
total value of products for 1908 and prior years have
been given in Chapter I of this report. Table 1, on
page 26, is a comparative summary of the quantity and
value of the products at the present census and as
reported by the Bureau of Fisheries for the period
1900-1904, grouped according to general classes.
The increase has been more or less general for those
items which are shown separately for both periods.
There were decreases both in quantity and value for
menhaden and whale products and a decrease in value
for oysters, although the quantity of this product
shows anincrease. [’nder the head ‘‘ All other products”’
for the period 1900-1904 are included products which
were reported separately in 1908. The total products
show an increase in value over those for the earlier years
of 9 per cent, the value of the fish products reported
increasing 17 per cent and that of crustaceans 25
per cent. Mollusks show a slight decrease in value,
amounting to 3 per cent, and the whale products a
_large decrease, amounting to 39 per cent.
The following statement shows the distribution of
the chief products of the fisheries as reported in 1908:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
CLASS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distribu- Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
1, 893, 454, 000 100 $54, 031, 000 100
1, 441, 317,000 76 30, 247, 000 56
1,046, 541, 000 55 29, 354, 000 54
394,776, 000 21 893, 000 2
16, 225, 000. 5 3, 466, 000
347,799, 000 18 18, 752, 000 35
: (1) 545,000 1
4,028, 000 i 497, 000 1
, 462, 000 ( 523, 000 1
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Fish proper formed more than three-fourths of the
quantity (76 per cent) and more than half the value
(56 per cent) of the entire product. Menhaden alone
contributed more than one-fourth of the total quantity
but less than one-thirtieth of the total value of fish. On
account of the great importance of the oyster fisheries
mollusks were the most important product outside of
fish proper, both in quantity and in value, forming 18
per cent of the total quantity and 35 per cent of
the total value of the fishery products.
(24)
Table 2, on page 26, gives statistics showing the
products by species for the United States and for the
several geographic divisions. The value of the product
taken by the fisheries of the Atlantic coast division is
nearly double that of all the rest of the country com-
bined, being 66 per cent of the total for the United
States. The Pacific coast division ranked next in the
value of its catch, with 13 per cent of the total. The
Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi
River divisions contributed, respectively, 9 per cent,
7 per cent, and 6 per cent of the total value. The
oyster product leads all other species in value,
contributing 29 per cent of the total value of products.
Salmon ranked next to oysters in the value of the
catch, being the leading species of fish in this respect.
A catch valued at $2,000,000 or over is also reported
for cod and shad, while lobsters, clams, squeteague,
halibut, haddock, and carp each show a product
in excess of $1,000,000 in value. In the first of the
following tables the 30 leading species, including all for
which the reported product had a value in excess of
$400,000, are ranked according to the value of the
catch, and in the second the quantity and value of
products are shown by states ranked according to
value of product:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
Rank. SPECIES.
ae Per
cent dis-| cent dis-
Pounds. tribu- Amount. tribu-
tion. tion.
Total..............-../1,893, 454, 000 100 |/$54, 031, 000 100
1 | Oysters. . 233, 309, 000 12 || 15, 713, 000 29
2 | Salmon. - 90, 417, 000 5 || 3,347,000 6
3 | Cod... 110, 054, 000 6 || 2,914,000 6
4} Shad..... 27,641, 000 1 || 2,113,000 4
5) Lobster... <.ccasseesxexe 15, 279, 000 1]| 1,931,000 4
6 | ClaMS owe oss cee ce ces 16, 717, 000 1 1, 896, 000 4
7 | Squeteague............ 49, 869, 000 3 || 1,776,000 3
By BDU cic ares. cistd ccs 34, 441, 000 2 || 1,562,000 3
9 | Haddock. .........2.... 59, 987, 000 3}; 1,308, 000 2
10 | Carp, German pee 42, 763, 000 2 1,135,000 2
11 | Lake herring. ........... 41,118, 000 2 989, 000 2
12 | Crabs 2... 52, 913, 000 3 912, 000 2
13 | Mullet... 33, 703, 000 2 908, 000 2
14 | Menhaden 394, 776, 000 21 893, 000 2
15 | Mackerel. 12, 103, 000 1 848, 000 2
16 | Lake trout. . . 12, 024, 000 1 800, 000 1
17 | Herring, salt-water. . 125, 050, 000 7 796, 000 1
18° | Catfish... ccc aeaeneeenienvegs 17,817, 000 1 785, 000 1
19 | Mussel shells, pearls, and
BLUES sree Seer stcepsicie ctece ares 81, 869, 000 4 692, 000 1
20 | Snapper. . . -.| 13,854, 000 1 651, 000 1
21 | Alewives... 89, 978, 000 5 589, 000 1
22 | Flounders............ 23, 346, 000 1 , 000 1
23 | Pike perch. 15, 247,000 1 580, 000 1
24 Sponges i 622, 000 545, 000 1
25 | Whitefish 7, 722, 000 524, 000 1
26 | Bluefish. . 7,647, 000 8 506, 000 1
27 | Buffalo fis’ 16, 729, 000 1 498, 000 1
28 | Shrimp and prawn 19, 080, 000 1 494, 000 1
29 | Hake.............-.- 34, 340, 000 2 464) 000 1
30 | Pollack. ... 29, 462, 000 2 402, 000 1
AM Others cosas sesscorsesaueres 183, 574, 000 10 || 6,872,000 13
1 : ot melding: sn clams.
2 Not including king, spider, and stone crabs.
3 Less than 1 per cent, :
PRODUCTS. 25
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distribu- Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States........... 1, 893, 454, 000 100 || $54,031,000 100
Massachusetts...........-.--- 244, 313, 000 13 7,095, 000 13
NAPPING vc sevcnieeed erence 312, 515, 000 17 4,716,000 9
New York...... 76, 485, 000 4 4,594,000 9
Washington. . 100, 456, 000 5 3, 513, 000 7
Florida. ... . 74,087, 000 4 3, 389, 000 6
Maryland 114, 796, 000 6 3, 306, 000 6
Maine..... 173, 843, 000 9 3, 257, 000 6
New Jersey... 74, 827, 000 4 3, 069, 000 6
Connecticut. ... 66, 942, 000 4 2,982, 000 6
California. .-...- 47, 477,000 3 1,970, 000 4
North Carolina. 101, 422, 000 5 1,776, 000 3
Rhode Island. . - 44,254,000 2 1, 752, 000 3
Louisiana... . 46, 106, 000 2 1, 569, 000 3
Michigan 38, 302, 000 2 1, 473, 000 3
Illinois. . 74, 620, 000 4 1, 436, 000 3
Oregon. 28, 217, 000 1 1, 356, 000 3
Wisconsin. 30, 953, 000 2 1,067, 000 2
hio....... 28, 917, 000 2 840, 000 2
Georgia 14, 828, 000 1 701, 000 1
Mississippi. 20, 547, 000 1 556, 000 1
Delaware. -._.... 70, 769, 000 4 541, 000 a
Pennsylvania. . . 11, 888, 000 1 513, 000 1
Texas....... 10, 439, 000 1 446, 000 1
Alabama... . 10, 665, 000 1 387, 000 1
Missouri... - - 6, 751, 000 Q) 271,000 1
South Carolina. 14, 104,000 dL 288, 000 i
diana. . 15, 507, 000 1 223, 000 0
Towa...... 8, 867, 000 Q@) 215, 000 Q
Arkansas 12, 567, 000 1 207, 000 v
Minnesota... 7, 475, 000 Q) 192, 000 Q
Tennessee...... 4, 506, 000 Q) 112, 000 Q
Kentucky...... 5, 390, 000 Q) 110, 000 Q
New Hampshire 677, 000 Q) 53, 000 Qa
Kansas. ........ 432, 000 Q) 28, 000 Q)
Nebraska.................2--- 399, 000 Q) 22, 000 (@)
South Dakota 70, 000 (C) 4, 200 (1)
West Virginia 33, 000 i 2,000 Q)
Oklahoma...-...-.........-.- 6, 700 Q 300 i)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Statistics are shown separately for over a hundred
species of fish proper, and in addition for about 50
species of crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic mammals,
and other products. Many of the products are brought
in from the fishing grounds in a salted condition or are
smoked by the fishermen and are so reported.
The quantity and value of the catch taken by each
class of apparatus of capture is shown in Table 3, on
page 29, for the United States and for each of the
main geographic divisions into which it is divided.
The table also shows the catch taken by each class of
apparatus in the vessel fisheries and in the shore and
boat fisheries.
Table 4, on page 30, shows the products by species
and by apparatus of capture.
Ranked in order of value, the catch with dredges,
tongs, rakes, etc., is first in importance, representing
35 per cent of the total value of products. Lines
ranked next, 17 per cent of the total value of products
being taken by this form of apparatus, followed by gill
nets with 14 per cent, seines with 11 per cent, and
pound and trap nets and weirs with 10 per cent of the
total. Wheels and slides are of course used only in
the shore and boat fisheries and whaling apparatus
only in the vessel fisheries. With these exceptions
all classes of apparatus were etnployed in both classes
of fisheries, although fyke and hoop nets, pound and
trap nets, pots and traps, and gill nets pertain more
particularly to the shore and boat fisheries. On the
other hand, the catch by lines in vessel fisheries was
nearly three times in value that of the shore and boat
fisheries.
Since the bulk of the oyster product comes from
the Atlantic coast, a greater proportion of the total
product, 45 per cent, was taken by dredges, tongs,
etc., in that division than in any other. The line catch
represents 18 per cent of the total value of products
for the Atlantic coast fisheries. For both these classes
of apparatus the catch of the vessel fisheries exceeded
that of the shore and boat fisheries, although the total
value of products was larger for the latter class of
fisheries.
In the Gulf of Mexico division dredges and tongs,
lines, seines, gill nets, and sponge apparatus were the
leading forms of apparatus of capture. In the Pacific
coast fisheries gill nets were the most important, con-
tributing 34 per cent of the total value of products.
Nearly all the catch with this apparatus was reported
for the shore and boat fisheries.
In the Great Lakes division 54 per cent of the total
value of products was taken with gill nets and 29 per
cent with pound and trap nets. Nearly three-fourths
of the gill-net catch was taken in the vessel fisheries,
while the pound and trap net catch was taken mainly
in the shore and boat fisheries.
For the fisheries of the Mississippi River and its
tributaries, the catch with seines represented 29 per
cent of the value of all products, that with fyke and
hoop nets 23 per cent, and that with dredges, tongs,
etc., comprising chiefly crowfoot dredges employed in
mussel fisheries, 22 per cent.
Table 5, on page 34, is a detailed presentation of the
products by states and by species. The quantity of
each species marketed by the fishermen in a salted or
smoked condition is shown with the understanding
that, except when otherwise stated, the product is
fresh. Table 6, on page 44, gives the quantity and
value of the catch, by apparatus of capture and by
states.
26 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 1.—PRODUCTS, BY GENERAL CLASSES: 1908 AND 1900 TO 1904.
FISHERY PRODUCTS.
CLASS AND SPECIES. 1908 1200-1904
Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total scsisisi us ces ote cictoe s See Sacha eiereeie lnhctarcia iS arses Sis Wiardie w ataraia Sia Nodal materstapetgicialgs ne eeleein geen Sey 1, 893, 454,000 | $54,031,000 1,919, 862, 000 $49, 398, 000
SBUIUSENG pejate sa stot eh are Sine oeeraoseaish ere Sig rine e xtenenere tetelelziets imate dle nts and coer ge eee elie yelrsent every eacieed 1, 441, 317, 000 30, 247, 000 1, 538, 396, 000 25, 758, 000
POE fis Wiis eee sine ninemeisieis eneiecee cts la eee ds 2 ees Dede meicdijoicing Abcon ences eetadeened 1,046, 541,000 29, 354, 000 989, 275, 000 24, 332, 000
Mena denies siecxpececees cisiay sine victeatema isis 3 Sie ievdeeGises wes sic a Saraisieingeic sis ane aiaiaiese Fplaieeis anteaters aemewysene 394, 776, 000 893, 000 549, 121, 000 1, 426,000
Crustaceans 96, 225, 000 3, 466, 000 77, 813, 000 2, 764, 000
Crabs 52,913, 000 912, 000 “40, 154, 000 906, 000
Crawfish. . 666, 000 34, 000 503, 000 24,000
Lobster... 15, 279, 000 1,931,000 15, 130, 000 1,382,000
sp 73, 000 69, 000 1,078, 000 43,000
Shrimp and prawn 19, 080, 000 494, 000 17, 695, 000 395, 000
MAND OU CB aja cicxcscrarsyore ot siaeieiniaedransztussicishs Gisceintensiciemontotes okie warsamasignmnd aaeidcem emake aiceiceaeieeincek eed eewcd, 7,713, 000 2 26,000 3, 253, 000 413,000
PAGS, We rene on cheek wane epee men MeR aE MAN NKS da eat grip NINE RR RUADAN EX pein wig Miadbdemwcaencadawavie 347, 799, 000 18, 752, 000 290, 891, 000 19, 385, 000
1, 005, 000 , 000 825, 000
16, 717,000 1, 896, 000 19,083, 000 1, 820, 000
81, 869, 000 192, 000 51, 856, 000 530, 000
233, 309, 000 15, 713, 000 204, 118, 000 16, 681, 000
2,432,000 ; 1,551,000 ‘9,000
2,562,000 43,000 5,922,000 43,000
9,905, 000 475,000 7,535,000 5 23,000
622, 000 545, 000 347,000 364,000
4,028, 000 497,000 5,576, 000 _ 816,000
Oil 3,964, 000 282,000 5, 462, 000 311,000
Whalebone. . 10 215, 000 114,000 505, 000
SUES etsy AE SS acta ce som olarrataeieddd pew nat se natuea Rei eneMeens wines wea Vabee mamaaneeeuanenuice 602, 000 325,000 353, 000 59,000
Alligator, DideS <.. ..ncnceao5 ges cnt admemeis Maniecianieacinyec wavecumanies sashes ene aided datmbeseuvles eeRs ORES 372,000 61,000 350, 000 41,000
Porpoise hides. - a6 48,000 L000 [Ino nedvewessacecesa (8)
Mink skins.... 22,000 89000) [hisses sSadertaremsiemesead 6)
Muskrat skins. 149, 000 1365000) eee cae ccm ccciene 8)
Otter skins... i 7,600 30, 000 3,300 18,000
Seal SKINS 2 wcarwcrl eases tacani cee temcaaits shee hake ci miicinccinimisisie Sieislnns Siacsibeelsjaleca sieidutyerstrseveniateanectea 3,100 8) 200 [icine cc cterocee ca (8)
TORS te nts ais ein is a eee waa rely ciadiwerepee eels saa naitigg datidantnhGadcseo geal aon Aeon mice ea mea 259, 000 82 000! Widu seemencare ye cise (8)
Terrapin and turtles. see 1, 457,000 122,000 1,409, 000 114,000
POUL TUBE BT IAN acest Sed mc cane id win a oni Sin Wate doe AW ROliohal SIDAIN c Ne Re Meme Sa Saemeettie gulanced 1,145, 000 35,000 5,078, 090 136, 000
1 Combined statistics for the New England, South Atlantic, and Gulf states for 1902; Pacific coaststates for 1904; Mississippi River and its tributaries, Middle Atlantic
states, and the Great Lakes for 1903; and minor interior waters for 1900-1903.
2 Includes king crabs, valued at $23,000; and spider and stone crabs, valued at $3,700.
3 Includes king crabs, valued at $8,900; and shrimp shells, valued at $4,400.
4 Includes surf clams, valued at $21,000; cockles, winkles, and conchs, valued at $35,000; mussels, valued at $12,000; and other shells, valued at $7,100.
® Includes mussels, valued at $8,500; oyster and other shells, valued at $6,500; and cockles, winkles, conchs, etc., valued at $7,600.
6 Not reported separately.
TaBLeE 2.—PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST GULF OF MEXICO PACIFIC COAST ‘MISSISSIPPI RIVER GREAT LAKES
UNITED STATES, DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION.
SPECIES.
Quantity Quantity : Quantity Quantity Quantit: uantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. Gomae. Value.
Total ......... 1, 893, 454,000 /$54, 031,000 |/1, 344,665,000 |$35, 474,000 |117, 723,000 |$4, 825,000 |176, 150,000 lya,es0. 80 148, 284,000 |$5, 125,000 |106, 632,000 $3, 767, 000
Fish:
Albacore, or horse
mackerel ....... 359, 000 12,000 309, 000 11/000) |escvinreeotinn| Len descaec 50, 000 BOO) esas cece * ito Bats
Alewives, fresh ...] 80,945, 000 455,000 || 80,941,000 455, 000 4, 500 100; | souemacnecr sl cede logeiececceneee Le eee ee
Alewives, salted .. 8,840, 000 130,000 8, 840, 000 130; ODD sctesteltcatetse | eaeaaeest sok axes on Ite oine oh Meese ee oslo ea | ee ee ee
alee engine 193, 000 3,500 193, 000 37000 liter acon erro a aciinercds|\s ei sessemaa lag caver ae Ape cetasnere! oe ches ldo mooie eet ee ee lee ee
Am ber-fish, or
jack-fish ........ 38, 000 1,600
Anchowies ........ 220,000 1,600
Barracuda, fresh . . 3, 138, 000 87,000
Barracuda, salted . 112,000 3,500
Black bass .....-. 3,313, 000 255, 000
Black cod .....-.- 209, 000 5,500
Bluefish, fresh ....| 7,594,000 504, 000 7, 029, 000 476, 000 058000; 398, 0008 82a as sel ade noecadel Heeaatemeed tle itacadll vee ece
Bluefish, salted ... , 000 1,900 1, 400 100 51,000 1,900 anaes race
BONO cc ecence 1, 096, 000 39, 000 755,000 32, 000 11, 000 900 pisiarueneia tanec
Bream and sunfish 4,738, 000 120, 090 1,656, 000 52,000 185,000 8,300 |.... 2,821,000 76, 000 ial ies 1,900
Butfalo fish ....... 16, 729, 000 493,000 ||.......-.-.-..|-------2 22 1, 683, 000 43,000 15,040, 000 6, 200 200
Bates ORE 6, 855, 000 237, 000 6, 749, 000 223,000 16, 000 400 89, 000 13000; |avevss Avusea)sdacanacean| | vaelyaceaed stevie.
arp, erman, .
“ fresh pone ee 42,759,000 | 1,135,000 1, 482,000 79, 000 2, 400 100 457,000 4,600 | 30,670,000 858,000 | 10,148, 000 194,000
arp, erman,
smoked ......-. 4,500 LOOU |resriig seveientee lice 2 ki mualenienns | ex ges ween] Adeaiepeinan dell ers-ccsesioa-xocall amie aa kavses| Sameeuie Meme dmaiiereaw on
Catfish .. 202217 17,817,000 | 785,000 ||" “3, 528, 000 |" "132, 000'|'"3, 984, 000°] "143; 000'|""1} 270,000" |" "" “65, 000'|'“8,073;000'|'-"3987000'| 963°Go0 | 560,003
Cobia aa. sees 123, 000 2,800 I! 82,000 1,300 41,000 1/500) |cetarewaracal tm onen views) asancensenaltns a Stacie. eat leet :
1 Less than $100.
PRODUCTS. 27
TaBLE 2.—PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908—Continued.
ATLANTIC COAST GULF OF MEXICO PACIFIC COAST MISSISSIPPI RIVER GREAT LAKES
UNITED STATES: DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION.
SPECIES.
Donnas ‘ Value. era Value. Camere Value. nek Value. Cann, Value. Goan ’ | Value.
Fish—Continued.
Cod, fresh ......... 79, 808,000 | $1,964,000 79,808; 000::| $1,064: 000. esc acca- | Gieceunaeee| soe Osea tecen | ahiaceSeael aundsecenecal se pescwadd | Peesseetade sem besees
aw en epee 30, 245, 000 950,000 |} 22,299, 000 732,000, [asccseciewaas|cadacanesca 7,946,000 | $218,000 |.........22.[e2---202 ee -feee eee eee e[ere eer e eee
berry bass....... 2,794, 000 108, 000 204,000 8,500 27,000 BL AOON ccd wieteceeatere licen atarere ta 2,563,000 | $98,000 @) @)
- 1,564, 000 28, 000 1,340, 000 21, 000 224° 000 F100 ese rdierceevar. | ueidenrnece cteiall wmairsrebe adm samiadnvecnns| deme se aaat aictnnrraetee
8, 143, 000 226, 000 7,307,000 185,000 | 778;000 | 40,000] 58;000 | = 1,800 hic: oxcaswenslsceviex savme|siomen ccemtmta|oemcmmcncs
250, 000 AL 10) | Re
199, 000 7,500 199, 000
Cusk, fresh .. 6, 242, 000 103, 000 6, 242,000
Cusk, salted. ...... 103, 000 2,200 103, 000
Dogfish, or bowfins 1,701,000 22,000 152, 000 1, 449, 000 100, 000 $1, 400
Drum, fresh-water. 6, 532, 000 154, 000 4,100 100 301, 000 4,737,000 129,000 | 1,490,000 16, 000
"| 31388000 | 2037000 |) 3,2st"000 | 197% 000 |. 020? ta
23; 346,000 | 588,000 || 15,803,000 | 416,000 | 366,000
groupes, treat pee a 1 Se oe 42, oe 245, 000 5,200 | 1,619,000
rouper, salted....| 6,000) = 800 J]... eee eee e eee. 6, 000
Grunis.’ : 389, 000 19, 000 5, 200 100 | — 384,000
Haddock, fresh .... 58,946,000 | 1,286,000 58,946,000 | 1,286,000 |..........-.
Haddock, salted... 1,042, 000 22,000 1,042,000 22,000! |.cuc5cccedes
Hake, fresh........ 33, 815, 000 455, 000 33, 815, 000 455, 000
Hake, salted 525, 000 8,900 525, 000 8,900 |.
Halibut, fresh a 33,785,000 | 1,509,000 3, 698, 000 272,000 |.
Halibut, salted. ._. 656, 000 53, 000 656, 000 53, 000°
Herring, fresh..... 115, 563, 000 658, 000 112, 216, 000 625, 000
Herring, salted. ... 9, 253, 000 135, 000 9, 253, 000 135,000 |...
Herring, smoked... 234, 000 2,900 234, 000 2,900
Herring (lake) ,
a OSD irc oie jaca 25, 242, 000 CSU OOD ei cares eat hse sins Sadie sicaseeceiacy/aill| sla arcs aeaeic crete lgeascelts ertve Goll nas tivic a et ane tteis es a analeaeeces fees) eeoeweaeene 25, 242, 000 730,000
A ee ing (lake)
sal Hed ssc 11, 951, 000 ASUSOOON Ms stasai2<.ctrecticrel| Naista senegal yee anon cates Mane bas Sees Sana aoe Bae tae eo ysl easeae eaten | smicie eka 11, 951,000 191,000
Herring (lake) ,
smoked.......... 3,925, 000 GTZ000) hicpraciata teed laces eesaecalanc soveeaunslenedeeeae eel asceer aad | peadawnaens eR meteseas Same akete ee 3,925,000 |. 67,000
Hickory shad,
aoe bee eed ire 859, 000 37,000 798, 000 34,000 Maser cern crane lars eee aici lewierne sete ba oxtieetoasien, 61,000 23900. | wizccee sas eivites [evel
ickory shad,
salted 17,000 1,000 17,000 TOO! assasziciseiaiciaiata!| eda t\sioerasasiniel| berqosteacese
; ewish; ilaeey a ae bas 4, aan 1,900 100 60,000 2,400 140, 000
ewfish, salte _ 22,000) 00H aire see pites] sais tune tteleeweemceey ss [yeeemeveeee 22, 000
Jurel...ccs:.s-0s00 52/000 OOH [ipses pina tetra tal Ghee alacant 52, 000 900 |.....-- eae
Ladyfish, fresh... . 229,000 55.000! | eaecivenvaseene| senarnewecaess 229,000 SROO0! |e a cee certs patie ty |e rel Moy eee, Nhe tes ea a crepe |Pete meomiehl
Ladyfish, salted... 117,000 40001) | serie ndes' one cae | recent Y 117,000 F000 |i escape anes aa ioca ciccwens |saetictessige ccotes eee unis ecisumes Somer Gasscitioiessers
Ling, or eelpout... 326, 000 4,500 97,000
Mackerel, chub.... 639, 000 16,000 437, 000
Mackerel, fresh. ... 9, 870, 000 686, 000 9, 870, 000 . iN pee
Mackerel, salted... 2, 233, 000 162, 000 2,233,000 162) 000 | cena ceine peedeseeete easa seeded vemos cea Satacduatiuc lees wedeaudslpGadeeteteed|idesedawes
Menhaden, fresh...) 394, mh pot 893, ono 391, ot ue 889, one eS PEERS a | eRCES Remiers beleied aa SE PE Sancinwasaeceasal saiee| sea
: 2} 200 900 |, 2; 200 900 |222 2222.
1-
fish, orspadefish . 161,000 6,000 |, 65, 000 1,700 95, 000 200! iris 2 sxajeleserctene| vakcvceonecneye Welebele cis as aecel mea cc tionted teats: daeed | eatetwlaiaic mae
Mullet, fresh....... 30, 682, 000 786, 000 12, 872, 000 306,000 | 17,807,000 480,000 3, 600 300) |piseeseveees||seemsceneed PV AeR ORS Ee
Mullet, salted. ae 3, On a er ot 1,974, 000 83,000 | 1,046,000 39, 000 |
uskallunge. . , 0 phOO || raie erences) sana Se erent ein tinea bates Sued
Mutton-fish . 2 417,000 9, 600 376, 000 6, 500 41,000 3,100
Paddlefish........ 1, 518, 000 4940001 |b sd ameaewes| mtiececiccel 80, 000 3, 200
Perch, white. ..... 2,412,000 137, 000 2,412, 000 137,000
Perch, yellow. 7,898, 000 258, 000 930, 000 48, 000
Permit reed aeatnene esate 24, 000 1,000 200 2 ;
Pigfish, or hogfish . 777,000 32, 000 690, 000 27,000 2s is a
Pike and pickerel..| 2,959, 000 174, 000 145, 000 11, 000 305, 000 11,000 |... 2.2.22. 2efeee eee 367, 000 16, ane 2,142,000 | 136, 000
|
Pike perch.......- 15, 247,000 680,000 ||e 2 poe veegsnnse 133, 000 nae O00 15, 115, 000 569, 000
Pollack, fresh.. 28, 078, 000 375, 000 28, 078, 000 : ss $
Pollack, salted. 1,384, 000 27,000 1, 384, 000 ee
Pompano. - ais ne m5 oe 311, 000 39, 000 ae oo 32
or; fresh. F HOOD tance ceceininn Meme eae 28,
Pores salted 5, 000 OOF Wn ccdacictemiene| segieace ascend 5, 000
Porkfish........... 20;000 | «§-»-.- 2, BOO pewassccec ened mumeee cece 35, 000
Redfish, or rosefish. 305, 000 zs eseats isisye
Rock bass......... 107,000 65, 000
Rockfish, fresh... . 2, 445, 000 = estes |seeteszisveicrtiare
Rockfish, salted... 8,800 300 8, 800 B00 Ue sensing wordaleonaarea'y cll egmmsienkrary leaden votes
Round robin...... 26,000 OOO: BOO os een cicstest| capawit ad ac le Seecemeavin Ben ss Gach ae geewennws leer ese
Sacramento pik 20;000)|, «BOO eine ccmspenccleatigeorants clever ssceactsenccenciccef! 20000) - 9 > SOO IL seine dmntslcssninemecse oxo tostiae = Gaimeiee Hees
Sailor’s choice, o
1, 720, 000 39,000 || 1,579,000; 31,000) 141,000} 8,300 ]......-.....|......-..--
90,379,000 | 3,345,000 19,000 90, 360,000 | 3,341,000 |.
39, 000 1,700 |) essere sistas sees 39, , 700
4, 638, 000 90;000 | esse cue swes ee [aremmesuenes| sinpadias seule cexlvessaw 4, 638, 000 30, 000
8, 414, 000 290, 000 8, 414, 000 290000 te sot on hs genie eens ok Seams ee wadee ememeces wee,
6, 352,000 284, 000 6, aan sear 43,000 Ws BOO! Vass ec cece al dreiensieis 24 cee
5, 000 700 DOOD! | on MODY | spose ised cicicavaecllletdisishoyetonses) oc Haman cies aisles | acielalayseceeiad
27, 383, 000 2,107,000 25, 679, 000 2,085, 000 3, 600 200 1,700,000 22,000
258, 000 6, 500 258, 000 (63500) neces Sem calle eee ckesl bead dete echanoen ses oes
75, 000 1, 500 75, 000 15500! |o.- sce ssc cee) sesame nsa| sees sseanins| eeeaene ame
Sheepshead....... 2,637,000 97,000 1,513,000 42,000 | 1,124,000 HG OOO! | sexuvshesiccced Aectocases
Silver hake........ 10, 336,000 93,000 10, 304, 000 93,000) | nex cyan seemslleeecsnceees 32,000 300
BEALES). Scie ceisicie ie 402, 000 4, 200 278, 000 37200! sxcoucnak ancl Seeeecces 124, 000 1,000
1 Less than 100 pounds. 2 Less than $100.
28 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 2.—PRODUOCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908—Continued.
ATLANTIC COAST GULF OF MEXICO PACIFIC COAST MISSISSIPPI RIVER GREAT LAKES
UNITED SEATES: DIVISION. ’ DIVISION. DIVISION.
SPECIES.
Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantity
(pounds). Value. eaundet Coounds\ Value. (pounds). | Value.
Fish—Continued.
WME tive: ceectz ace nei 4,340, 000 $174,000 695,000 3,645,000 | $103,000 |.
Snapper, red...... 13, 498, 000 636, 000 952,000 | 33,000 | 12,546,000 | $603,000 |..........-.]--.-.------]-
Snapper, other..... 356, 000 15,000 124,000} 2,500] 282,000} 18,000 |...-.-......].........--
Spanish mackerel,
| xc | See ee 3,705,000 190,000 1,970,000 327,000 4,600
Spanish mackerel,
salted........... 101,000 95000 Ile ss cccmandeaee 23,000 700 |. --. 2-2-2 ee elec eee eee [eee ee eee ee [e eee eee ee
SPObicasesoewe ate 1,824, 000 46,000 1,622,000} 42,000; 203,000} 4,500 |............
Squeteague, fresh. . 49,800,000 | 1,774,000 44, 427,000 1,337,000
Squeteague, salted. 68,000 2,900 14,000} 600} 54,000} 2,200 ]..........--
Striped ass Sorareseete 3,657,000 314,000 1,881,000 1,776,000 -
Sturgeon, fresh. 2,070.000 157,000 649,000 309, 000 13,000 259, 000 $35, 000
Sturgeon, smoked. 2,500 900 (||: samen anes oul sous isha acces ce sets avereecene Mens se neree aeee een cee x 2 500 500
Suckers, fresh... .. 8,199, 000 208, 000 B05 {000d -2OMO00L ac cccas vicinal we stared [Mewes ae commalsemecaueh 6,902,000 | 160,000
Suckers, salted... . 356,000 BQO | ase. Fp apes enite miainrere esau sia tesatas| Seapbyeatensiei ed idl| jo bledusioncmate [thiteprsigs sleingin| aomaieisicies 2 356, 000 6,700
Surf-fish, or vivip-
arous perch Zieecis 885, 000 721800100 | eee 885, 000 21 000: anes cvtiare crdzese | diereltstte Saeed | a deren iota | Sacieiiesisers
Swordfish......... 2,714,000 198, 000 2,706,000 #800 | 200 eenersainee.|acenes Avec | cveuiiscee ci] Heciemeiecins
Tautog ........... 995, 000 37,000 995, 000
Tomeod.....-...-. 289, 000 239,000
Trout, brook. ..... 18,000
Trout (lake), fresh .| 11,671,000
Trout(lake),salted. 353,000
White bass........ 265, 000
Whitefish, fresh ... 7.366, 000
Whitefish, salted... 342,000
Whitefish, smoked. 15,000
Whiting and king-
FISH 2 shares 1,614,000
Yellowtail......... 253,000
All other. 4,523,000
Caviar.... 217,000 95, 000 44, 01
Frogs... 259,000 42,000 11,000
Crabs, har: 42,612,000 553, 000 37, 460,000
Crabs, soft. 10,301,000 359, 000 10,176,000
Crabs, kin, 7,643,000 23,000 7,643,000
Crabs, spider.....-.. 200 () 7, 200
Crabs, stone.....-... 62,000 RAO | occics cicanraases
Crawfish............ 614,000 32,000 ||.....--.......
eters is foiat Asa Syeeretose 15,279,000 | 1,931,000 | 15, 279,000
ep lobster........ 626, 000 71, llPsseeretedese
imp and prawn..| 19,080,000 494,000 5,708, 000 504, 000
Abalone............. 1,005,000 | 16,000 || 2-n2sieceiciece ss 1,005, 000
Clams, hard......... 7,805,000 | 1,317,000 7,336, 000 287,000
Clams, soft.......... 8, 654,000 , 00 8,156,000 497,000
Clams, razor......... 259,000 25,000 24,000 234, 000
Clams, surf...-...... 265,000 21,000 265;000") 24000 wa acaeccng xs alloyed oce dell eacceesaaissY
{
Oysters, market,
from public areas.’.{ 103,641,000 | 4,416,000 | 72,413,000 2,300 B00! to2uacaca nal eat saamareelmsteGacseicd|bakeesiaane
Oysters, market, '
from private areas. 74,652,000 | 8,305,000 64, 642,000 2,055, 000 636 000) ae, ceniammissmiens wi cichiewien bc ctinistammay eames aeerere,
Oysters. seed, from
public areas....... 26,960,000 | 1,035,000 22, 436,000 1,800 200! | aeciestercicrsseras cl ae ntecieongnts emes wees lees soecas
Oysters, seed, from
private areaS...... 28,056,000 | 1,957,000 27, 252,000 104, 000 6, 500 eescesrscwaite bare asecies a
Beallops and scallop
Se es 2,432,000 317,000 2,432,000 hk Sapeesata eect oe Seria! eal
Cocicles, winkles, and
CONEHS os siescs oes 146,000 35,000 131,000
Mussels.........-... 8, 542,000 12,000 8, 474,000
Mussel shells... ..... 81, 869, 000 392, 000 DxA08 3000], PROD UP ess sacs cceiese| Stevens dade cib/al se te aldyasaioretel| nryearre ged 800
Other shells......... 952, 000 8,400 ||....---.-.22..
Pearls and slugs.....|..........-..- 300,000 ||..............
Squid........2...... 2,562, 000 43,000 2, 452,000
Terrapin... c's 368,000 80,000 92,000
MUP eS gc .sxeerereredes oe 1,088, 000 40,000 148,000
rane Sis aivin 622,000 545000) ||| sereresieis ces cicee
ides, alligato A a 372,000 61,000 119,000
Hides, porpoise. ..... 48,000 1,000 , 000
Skins, mink......... 22,000 89,000 100
Skins, muskrat...... 149, 000 136, 000 64,000
Skins, otter......... 7,600 30,000 3,700
Skins, seal. . Bue 3,100 8, 200 3,100
p Whalebone. 63,000 215,000 31,000
Diverss ec cceses sc ceces 657,000 400 657,000
Sounds, fresh... 93,000 4,000 93,000
Sounds, salted 2,800 100 2,800
Ol, fishsccccesssseee 221,000 9, 500 221,000
Oil, porpoise........ 29,000 3,000 29,000
Oil, sea-elephant.... 88, 000 3,600 88,000
il? SOA sit seseinsssicree 4,000 400 4,000
3,391,000 252,000 3,222,000 169, 000
573,000 30, 000 560,000 13, 000
772,000 26,000 172 ;000:| 26,000. eer casarecizas lnsioantinmmincl wade sienewece
252,000 1,700 252,000) | TOO Neciticcasiccicenlsatesascasateagsonmeneci
1 Less than $100.
2 Less than 100 pounds.
Taste 8.—PRODUCTS, BY CLASS OF FISHERIES, APPARATUS OF CAPTURE, AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST GULF OF MEXICO PACIFIC COAST MISSISSIPPI RIVER GREAT LAKES
UNITED STATES. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION. DIVISION.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND KIND
OF APPARATUS.
eae (| Value. (ona Value. Gannas. Value. teens "| Value. a "| Value. (Goanael, Value,
All fisheries. .......- 1, 893, 454, 000/354, 031, 000||1, 344, 666, 000/$35, 474, 000/117, 695, 000/$4, 825, 000/176, 150, 000|$6, $39, 000/148, 311, 000/$3, 125, 000/106, 632, 000,83, 767, 000
Beam trawls............... 3,752, 000 90,000]} 3,736, 000) BON O00) iors eicdessiccnns law aatnaidianne 15,000 DOO oeisers evaiera seine cise ne reee set aan|naisciciw sider
Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc...| 356,990,000) 18,772, 000!| 233,957,000] 15,804,000] 44, 400,000) 1,586,000] 2,211,000} 697,000) 76,222,000} 686, 000] 200, 000) 800
Harpoons, spears, etc....... 3, 969, 000) 294, 000! 3, 426, 000) 258, 000 134, 000 BOO lice sektre eaters sevagueseare aed 298, 000) 13, 000} 112, 000) 16,000
Lines (hand, trawl, and set).| 343,772,000, 9,356,000|| 270,230,000] 6,316,000 20,259,000] 907,000) 43,204,000] 1,581,000] 7,712,000} 358,000] 2,367,000) 194,000
Nets:
Fyke and hoop nets....| 38,050,000) 1,218, 000 6, 043, 000) 210, 000) 551, 000 21,000} 1,419, 000 71,000) 23,271,000} 713,000) 6,768,000} 203,000
a Saree beret ctccls eo 181,224,000) 7,536, 000) 56, 816,000} 2,596,000} 16, 018, 000 68,000) 57,538,000) 2,313, 000 252, 000) 10,000} 50, 600,000) 2,049, 000
ound nets, trap nets,
and weirs............ A 314,031,000} 5,641,000)} 244,571,000) 3,563, 000| 295, 000 18,000} 29,213,000; 887,000} 2,697,000) 77,000) 37,255,000] 1,097,000
elles 573,593,000} 6,002,000|} 482,587,000) 3,525,000] 28,893,000] 812,000} 24,811,000} 601,000] 29,071,000} 895,000) 8, 230, 000 169, 000
Kirathecqoct ace a 15, 708, 000 é 12, 1,200) 4,998, 000 149,000) 1, 951, 000) 2, 8,092,000} 271,000 655, 000 13,000
other (cast ne +)
nets, lift nets, ete.). --| 23,582,000 553,000|} — 16,056, 000} 371, 000 632, 000 28,000} 6,639,000} 133,000 177, 000} 17,000 78,000 4,300
eee traps, ba Lavagke sees sarees 2,589,000)] 18,275,000} 2,185,000 220, 000 ee se 4,808,000} 208, 000) 323, 000 61,000 353, 000) 19,000
nge apparatus. - 622, OOD I ectes dies: sie Siceccea| Sutin ae cecasedessd 622, 000 545, o5iee: seis |S RR ER ERASE
ei Apparatus. 3,710, noe 468, 000) 3, 495, 000) DSO O00 ccreersie wie lisioseiesiend :
eels and slides... : 1, 958, 0 100, 000 123, 000) D900 td catédriane dies [temo ehydeon eed adigiarensiatal NS einen wie
Minor apparatus........... 8,515,000) 380,000 5,340,000) 218,000] 673,000} + —-68, 000} 14, 000 2,700
Vessel fisheries........... 896, 914,000) 22,232,000}! 769, 476,000} 17,006, 000) 37,597,000] 1,682,000} 50,788,000) 1,912,000) 2, 484, 000 61,000) 36,569,000) 1,571,000
Beam trawls................06+ 2, 867, 000 70, 000) 2, 852, 000) 69,000). <a cc cses|lecmerzcianc 15, 000 1, 100)
Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc -| 122, 432, 9,002, 000)} 107,393,000} 8, 440,000} 14,663,000} 459,000 377,000) 104,000
Harpoons, spears, etc...... ae 3, 039, 000 ; 3,023, 000} 227, 000) 16, 00! 900) ve vacadacte | waar omens stvia gota iererteoal| ale Sunaisiela
Lines (hand, trawl, and set)....| 245,836,000 6,983,000|} 192,718,000} 4,822,000] 13,759,000] 623, 000| 38, 530, 000) 1, 468, 000 828, 000)
Nets:
Fyke and hoop nets........ 1,793, 000! 42, 000) 1,013, 000] 23; 000 | az, 2fasesz,cisicscval | Snsieiacieeass| em xeigieiet micse |e ceiomaend 439,000 18, 000) 341, 000) 6,800
GUL Neb S sae a tea sesnsiastieae oie 52,980,000] 1,974,000|] 18, 019, 000] 99, 293,000] 15, 000 86, 000 6,200 | cass ccwseseleseanwescs 34, 582, 000| 1,453,000
26, 184, 000) 374,000)| 25, 602, 000) B41 000 sconpeaicellatone caudal eeermsdemen
429,521,000} 2,304,000)) 413,177,000] 2,023,000} 7,402,000 120,000] 6, 818, 000}
1, 027, 000 30, 000) 500) 978, 000 29, 000) 15, 000
All ae (cast tid dip
nets, nets, etc.)........ 4, 859, 000 93, 000 129, 000) 4,718, 000)
Pots, traps, etc... = 1, 884, 000 211, 000) 1, 761, 000) 15, 000
opaute apparatus 5 487, 000) 436,000)... 5
haling apparatu 2 3,710, 000) 468, 000 , 495, 000
Minor apparatus. . 295, 000 16, 000 294,000) 16,000) cosets ecficcme en eens|acaantcecoes
Shore and boat fisheries...) 996,540,000} 31,798,000|) 575, 190, 000| 125, 362, 000
Beam trawls.................-- 884, 000) 20, 000 884,000) .- -20;000) a esse sel wetted. eeceeeacnos
Dredges, tongs, rakes, ete ee 234, 558,000) 9,770,000); 126,564,000} 7,364,000} 29,738,000) 1,127,000} 1,835,000
Harpoons, spears, etc........... 930, 000) 66, 000) 403, 000 31, 000 118, 000} , 600).......2-..
Lines (hand, trawl, and set)....; 97,936,000} 2,373,000} 77,512,000) 1,494,000} 6,500,000 84,000) 4,673, 000)
Nets:
Fyke and hoop nets........ 36, 257,000) 1,175, 000) 5, 030, 000 187, 000 551, 000 21,000) 1,419, 000| 6, 426, 000)
GUL NGtS. stiyicesate dey aeons 128, 243,000] 5,561, 000} 38,797,000! 2,097,000} 15,725,000; 552,000) 57, 452, 000) 6, 018, 000!
Pound nets, trap nets, and
Wells s.5s7sasiemicwescssewee 287,847,000) 5,266,000)} 218,969,000) 3,222,000 295, 000 18,000} 29, 213, 000 6, 673, 000
144,071,000} 3,698,000 69,410,000! 1,502,000) 21,491,000} 692,000) 17,994,000; 491,000) 27,060,000} 847,000) 8,117,000} 166,000
ni i 14, 681, 000) ; ll, 1,000] 4,020, 000 120,000) 1,936, 000 51,000} 8,059,000} 270,000 655, 000] 000
All other (cast nets, dip
nets, lift nets, etc.).. Dat oes 18, 723, 000) 460, 000) 15, 928, 000 365, 000 632, 000 28,000) 1,921,000 46, 000) 177,000) 17,000 66, 000) 3,300
Pots, traps, etc................- 22,094,000} 2,378,000) 16,514,000) 1,981, 000) 220,000} 116,000} 4,793,000} 206,000)
eponee apparatus. . = 136, 000] (09;.000 || acreat ested orreptae ec 136, 000 OOO | cfainsaiaca cision cident
eels and slides. . 1,958, 000 100, 000) 123, 000) DQOD cs craieiecianso| aieieeeyetacaas 1, 836, 000| 98, 000 chases
Minor apparatus................ 8, 220, 000 364, 000 5, 046, 000 202, 000 673, 000 68,000) 2,291,000) 67,000 196, 000) 24, 000 14, 000) 2,700
1 Less than +100.
30 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 4.—PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND
CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL Pound ncent ts
‘ P 5 ound nets, trap nets,
species: Lines. Gill nets. Seines. and weirs.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity
(pounds). Value. |) (Sounds). | Ve | (pounds). | Ve | (pounds). | V@lUe- | (pounds). | Value:
1 TOtalls dca scdemgiecucsrceesees 1,893, 454,000 |$54,031,000 |{343,960,000 | $9,360,000 |181, 224,000 | $7,536,000 |573,405,000 | $5,999,000 |314,031,000 | $5,641,000
Fish:
2 Albacore, or horse mackerel...... 359, 000 12,000 18,000 200 32,000 6 500 (2) 309,000 11,000
3 ANTOWAN OS - con cc hee aeniees atecarnesis 89,978,000 589, 000 400 (2) 2,211,000 20,000 | 18,928, 000 166,000 | 66,369,000 372,000
4 Amber-fish (jackfish)............ 38, 00 1,600 38,000 1,600) |e sic scpeceswes| ase ccase scion sec aactedies|ecesecaneess
5 ANCHOVIES 4.2 :..22 saccecninnieses case 220,000 15.600! | assess eacsa| seciseiciecteit acl 55,000 400 165,000 DL 200: | scrate eisivie sraiais jaeieisielais stores
6 BSEACUd Bs aisccssearvesseemtrascncresesuncte 3, 250, 000 91,000 591,000 16,000 | 2,644,000 74,000 600 yo leete eh ciio lene seidemieways
7 Black DaSsic0in<-oseecss cess we'eee 3,313,000 255,000 || 1,264,000 92,000 64,000 5,900 | 1,288,000 102,000 77,000 6,200
8 Black cod. 09, 000 5,500 209,000 900 | one osesant |geeanese tes |sosobeeieenee ledeekerecaen| sete eset [see etticec,
9 Bluefish - . 7,647,000 506, 000 3,781,000 307,000 | 2,029,000 109,000 | 1,221,000 54,000 534,000 33,000
10 BOnlOe se cccnwen. ceeeee seh 5 ESS 1,096, 000 39,000 317,000 13,000 , 00 5,600 9,300 400 474,000 19,000
1 Bream and sunfish.............-- 4738, 000 120,000. 175,000 7,100 28,000 1,300 | 2,524,000 67,000 197,000 6, 400
12 Buffalo fish........222....22.22-- 16,729,000 498, 000 812,000 23,000 131,000 5,600 | 7,138,000 218,000 828,000 29,000
13 BiUterishy scascaasiddwatcnas sede 6,855,000 237,000 17,000 800 184,000 8,000 204,000 14,000 | 6,439,000 214,000
14 Carp, German znd 42,763,000 | 1,135,000 1,062,000 35,000 894,000 25,000 | 24,162, 000 611,000 | 1,224,000 000
15 Cat fish. 17,817,000 785,000 7,012,000 290,000 215,000 11,000 | 3,795,000 151,000 7 505, 000 69,000
16 COD amaavacinsaiec iatceraces ovate *" 123,000 2,800 00 52,000 1,500 71,000 1300" | spars onarewiaies neaarec tee
17 COG si cue conan dusweseseeesusees 110,054,000 | 2,914,000 |/104,553,000 | 2,787,000 | 2,091,000 47,000 | 1,592,000 33,000 | 1,813,000 47,000
18 Crappie and strawberry bass..... 2,794,000 108,000 372,000 21,000 , 800 100 | 1,132,000 42,000 78,000 3,200
19 Crevallé 1,564,000 28,009 1,269,000 20,000 81,000 2,600 105,000 3,200 80,000 1,800
20 Croaker. 8,143,000 226,000 934,000 32,000 428,000 9,500} 1, 421) 000 48,000 } 5,071,000 130,000
21 Cultus cod 250,000 7,000 211,000 5,900 400 Gi lkeseateicencntseadenccecclemeneawewews |aataamnenecs
22 GUNNERS 2 2c-d0chasetcesa shea dd 199,000 7,500 600 7) |scawienwcevec]ecescecesiici 1,000 100 2,300 100
23 CUSIC nchicemie Boer nl ieane ancient 6,344,000 105,000 |) 6,344,000 105 000 |ictecreesekiaa| seated amsisieial aaatemawaareicealewcis shciaincisllon-etieizainaes bgiswiciele sioleaes
24 Dogfish, or bowfins.....-.-.---.-- 1,701,000 22,000 29,000 500 3,300 (2) 817,000 10,000 67,000 900
25 Drum, fresh-water.............-- 6,532,000 154, 000 812,000 29,000 29,000 600 889,000 24,000 | 2,326,000 33,000
26 Drum, salt-water....-........... 4,576,000 164, 000 631,000 25,000 622; 000 18,000 | 2,662,000 96,000 165,000 2,400
27 Be lSiiejeg chavs ndodeaeewisniiesaz sues 3,358,000 203, 000 161,000 8,800 6,500 500 318,000 12,000 214,000 12,000
28 Flounders 23; 346, 000 588,000 || 4,017,000 91,000 820,000 20,000 | 1,645,000 43,000 | 4,369,000 138,000
29 Grouper 1,870,000 42,000 1,779,000 38,000 74,000 3,500 9,300 400 7,500 400
30 Grunts. 389,000 19,000 281,000 14,000 86,000 4,400 12,000 500 10,000 500
31 Haddock 59,987,000 | 1,308,000 |) 57,973,000 | 1,260,000 180,000 4,100 | 1,437,000 33,000 398, 000 11,000
32 FAC isccistideeds dncese uh seentaae 34,340,000 464,000 |} 33,633,000 458 , 000 44,000 500 70,000 1,100 593, 000 5,100
33 Halibut 34,441,000 | 1,562,000 |) 34,433,000 | 1,561,000 |.._........-J-..-2..-.--- 9,0 ‘Q00) | sssts2. se ciao emartee ace
34 Herring 125,050, 000 796,000. |) <2 2c2seane|cccaoee oases 11,302,000 218,000 | 33,988,000 198,000 | 72,868,000 336,000
35 Herring (lake). . 41,118,000 989,000 12,000 500 | 24,726,000 721,000 8, 2 16,319,000 000
36 Hickory shad.............-..---- 876,000 38,000 17,000 800 267,000 10,000 278,000 12,000 75 12,000
37 223,000 5,100 171,000 4,000 35,000 700 10,000 BOO: a scie cies Siciapeee eres gete cre
38 52,000 900 y BOO! ais seen creusen| auuiseaiete en eis 32,000 400 100 (@)
39 346,000 95000 |). sxisesesorns|seesetes eens 1, 400 100 320,000 855400! | cara GiOrisctenic | Sisto bisraperecees
40 Tings oreelpout..........2..2-0-- 326,000 4,500 96,000 1,800 91,000 1,000 ¥ ) 102,000 1,300
41 Mackerel, chub. 20 s2sc05-seeeee: 639, 000 16, 000 7,000 173, 000 3,100 290, 000 5,900 169,000 6,900
42 Mackerel. asi. 2scesacewasenssetens 12,103,000 848,000 173,000 8,300 | 2,809,000 189,000 | 8,174,000 608, 000 943,000 42,000
43 Menhaden 394,776,000 893, 000 100 1,983,000 3,300 371,636,000 822,000 | 21,138,000 67,000
44 MAN OWS zs jed0'a siete Sagesrsisyes cavers 2,200 DOO IN). pparecitic sun Maat seis ace) seinen: | sesamiae 2,200 900) | sc ecard wocke netomat s
45 Moonfish, angel-fish, or spadefish 161,000 6,000 1,700 100 39,000 1,800 39,000 1,500 61,000 1,700
46 MUN Cbs. cscnvecsesacatencuasceses 33,703,000 908, 000 35,000 2,000 22,743, 000 593,000 | 7,444,000 235,000 88,000 3,300
47 Muskallunge 25,000 1,700 19,000 1,200 200 (2) 800 100 100 (2)
48 Mutton-fish 417,000 9,600 61,000 3,900 52,000 800 288, 000 45300 | siccccceceane| eeetmwanccex
49 Paddlefish. . a 1,518,000 49,000 22,000 900 22,000 700 894,000 30,000 16,000 600
50 Perch, White. <..cosseseouwsss exceed 2,412,000 137,000 52,000 3,200 310,000 20,000 915, 000 52,000 751,000 39,000
51 Perch, YOUOW ves eccusucswess sxe 7,898,000 258,000 212,000 9,000 | 2,401,000 90,000 510,000 26,000 | 2, 502; 000 74,000
52 SBOPTMIUG o csssecisiacs aceisacentenseee cesses 24,000 1,000 2,600 100 8,800 300 5,700 200 eecpoeiceered ier easels wats
53 Pigfish, or hogfish .-.-........... 777,000 32,000 161,000 8,200 129,000 4,300 432,000 12,000 53,000 7,100
54 Pike and pickerel..............-- 2,959, 000 174,000 232,000 16,000 144,000 9,800 587,000 27,000 | 1,303,000 74,000
55 Pike Perch... nrogecetaaeenaeed 15, 247, 000 580,000 270,000 23,000 | 8,057,000 277,000 155,000 13,000 | 6,286,000 246, 000
56 POWRCK 2 5.2/2 sedrentneaiedseeen 29, 462, 000 402,000 |} 20,164,000 309, 000 591,000 6,900 | 6,812,000 61,000 1; 893, 000 26,000
57 570,000 71,000 13,000 1,800 377,000 49,000
58 133,000 6,900 9
59 35,000 2,800
60 paste or rosefish ........-..-.. 305,000 2,800
61 RROGE Dass. eevee, uosnavares wees 107,000 5, 100
62 FROCKASH s/s: 25.52/03: Gxscbiste la slerasiece 2,454,000 66, 000
63 Round robin.............--.....- 26,000 500
64 Sacramento pike..........- 20,000 500 00 4
65 Sailor’s choice, or pinfish ........ 1,720,000 39,000 105,000 6,000 369,000 11,000 | 1,017,000 17,000 130,000 1,500
66 DAMON oeco sms diiesg sa swewreesiaeiese 90,417,000 | 3,347,000 301, 000 11,000 | 46, 219) 000 | 1,941,000 | 13,290,000 415,000 | 28, 744, 000 882,000
67 Bardi nes eset cvcaneas tweecaieennes 4,638,000 30000: sens conrenn: |aneacenseies 86,000 400 | 4,552,000 30000) | wiieicrcsats ns caval wrearcoesreiceene
68 Scup.....- 8, 414, 000 290, 000 634, 000 23,000 14, 000 400 } 1,836,000 ,000 | 5,926, 000 207, 000
69 Sea bass. . 6, 352, 000 284,000 || 5, 550,000 244,000 46,000 2,100 p 13, 000 92, 000 000
70 Sea robin. 5, 000 ROD! Sintec ieicincins |aiccutin ee Sauce 1,300 ) 1,000 (2) 113,000 "700
71 DAG gions sesh td Bopepegensttie sig stincleienaneiens 27,641,000 | 2,113,000 2,100 100 | 15,586,000 | 1,284,000 | 2,552,000 172,000 | 8,993,000 619, 000
1 Includes bag nets, bow nets, cast nets, cockle nets and traps, crab nets, cunner nets and traps, dip nets, paranzella nets, shrimp nets, stop nets, turtle nets, wheels
and slides, and beam trawls.
BY APPARATUS OF.CAPTURE: 1908.
PRODUCTS. 31
CAUGHT BY—(continued.)
Fyke and hoop nets. Trammel nets. All other nets.1 Pots, traps, etc. Harpoons, spears, etc.} Dredges, tongs, etc. All other apparatus.
Quantit Quantit: Quantit: Quantit; Quantit Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. oange Value. (pounds). Value. Kcounss Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds) Value.
38,050,000 | $1,218,000 | 15,708,000 | $486,000 | 23,582,000 | $553,000 | 23,979,000 | $2,589,000 | 7,679,000 | $762,000 |356, 990,000 |$18,772,000 | 14,848,000 | $1,115,000
2,500
1, 296, 000
6, 502, 000
00
178, 000
12, 000
2 Less than $100.
800 | 2,178,000 135, 000 257,000 20,000 19,000 1, 400 (3) (2)
20,0 400 185, 000 8,800
“Ls
3 Less than 100 pounds.
32 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 4.—PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY
CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. Gate =
sencies Lines. Gill nets. Seines. eee oe mets,
Quantity Quantity : Quantity Quantity ? Quantity
(pounds). Value; (pounds). Value. (pounds). Walute, (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Fish—Continued.
1 DMAP occa cols haces Scots 75,000 $1, 500 72,000 $1,400 | :c% 2 see| serene veces paorcecersdeeaeedeeesr 2, 200 (2)
2 Sheepshead... 2, 637, 000 97,000 185, 000 12,000 611, 000 $18,000 | 1,561,000 $53,000 92, 000 $5, 500
3 Silver hake... 10, 336, 000 93,000 974, 000 9,100 280, 000 3, 600 4, 300 (2) 9,068, 000 80, 000
4 Skates. ..... aie 402, 000 4, 200 131, 000 900 6,400 100 12,000 100 104,000 2,100
5 SMel tscascinsse see secacwsreesseewe 4, 340, 000 1714, 000 102, 000 12,000 653, 000 38,000 | 2,370,000 78,000 118,000 15,000
6 Suapper, Ted sa. ceccceceseveeveens 13, 498, 000 636,000 || 13, 498,000 636; G00" |nceaze eee | ormmrees eae Sedeecesaceullonseeeesea4| Caemnsaee datetime
7 Snapper, other. . ee 356,000 15, 000 70,000 4,400 186, 000 7,500 76, 000 1,900 5,800 500
| ee pega | Tae | ares | ae | eas | Say | tee | Hea | |
Of a asareaeeees eee é 3,
10 een a Ges Ae oa 49,369,000 | 1,776,000 || 2,038,000 94,000 | 6,006,000 | 249,000 | 16,573,000 | 581,000 | 24, 135, 000 807; 000
11 Striped bass 3,657,000 314, 000 59,000 6,100 | 2,053,000 164, 000 554,000 52,000 718,000 65, 000
| es Pe eee de
UCKOMS 22-c0naueias cedutetatecstee 1509, A 10 500 702, , »
14 Surf-fish, or viviparous perch .... 885, 000 21;000 4100 "100 85,000 2) 100 796, 000 19°00. buco se ceseees ectedey < ited
15 Swordfish............200....2.22. 2,714, 000 198,000 7,800 00 | eeeecnetet oul beatae tues Giaseneude al aidescicdes<e| smsuscai tens enieweteaeces
i i Bugs egivatesalininstemey crater tet oe) 000 a a 530, 000 20,000 : on Fi gs oan 1, si Bi tee 14, oD
‘omcod....... =e 89, 000 , LO 35, 000 1,000 00
18 Trout, brook... 18,000 6,300 18,000 6,300 |.....-- ena lapeaten ees nl Nearer fen o O aee'| oa en [Dee eeOe ets
19 Trout, lake... ..| 12,024,000 800,000 |} 1,495,000 113,000 | 9,460,000 610, 000 1, 600 100 | 1,057,000 77,000
20 Write bass: -2.c5 scesccsanccavcecs 265,000 13,000 13, 000 800 1, 400 100 8,400 400 152, 000 7,300
21 Whitefish so siocc cca docemedaces tas 7,722,000 524,000 5, 600 400 | 4,927,000 315,000 13, 000 800 | 2,736,000 204, 000
22 Whiting and kingfish . ad 1, 614, 000 78,000 429,000 29,000 557, 000 21,000
23 Yellowtail... ....7. ee 253, 000 18,000 88, 000 7,800 56, 000 5, 500
24 All other. - wai 3,736, 000 86, 000 1,854, 000 41,000 490, 000 16,000
25 Caviar. . 217,000 95,000 , 500 4, 400 125, 000 55, 000
26 | Frogs......- 259, 000 49 OOD! Ili: 2ts Aececensdasnt 2c icias six Gowllla a aisistsiatieeres (bows sarin
27 | Crabs, hard. ee 42,612,000 553,000 || 26, 545, 000 287,000 6, 600 200
28 | Crabs, soft.......- a 10, 301, 000 359, 000 165, 000 11,000 700 (2)
29 | Crabs, king....... ES 7, 643, 000
30 | Crabs, spider. ....- oy 7,200
SL | Crabs, stones, 2ccca.005 2 eeeciedicnicwneees 62, 000
82) | CrawiiSh',, 22 saa: caauie tad dhncsdludasd 614,000
33 | Lobster .....-.-.--- alk 15,279,000 | 1,931,000
34 | Spiny lobster. ...... = 626, 000
35 | Shrimp and prawa.........-....-.--- 19, 080, 000 494) 000
36 1,005, 000 16,000
37 7,805, 000 1,317,000
38 8, 654, 000 4
39 259, 000 25, 000
40 265, 000 21,000
41 || Oysters; market, from: public areas... 103641; 000 | 4;416;000 |). o 2.2.5 esc): nocccceanie| seca caged) ae saceisGe ge llet ee cnaemecd| ubeckemenees eseee neces -[baeshesscone
42 | Oysters, market, from private areas. . 74, 652, 000 bancen ee
43 | Oysters, seed, from public areas...... 26, 960, 000
44 | Oysters, seed, from private areas... ._ 28,056, 000
45 | Scallops and scallop rims............- 2, 432, 000
46 | Cockles, winkles, and conchs......... 146, 000
47 1s is 8,542, 000
48 81,869, 000
49 952, 000
50'} Pearls and Slugs.e<22c222 2: odeesveecns|eeseseeresece oe
51 | Squid 2, 562, 000
52 | Terrapin ee 368, 000
53 eae rsnceslsletelneeninieatse oe 1, 088, 000
54 a Poses eutaasasas ud 622) 000
55 aes aiiesor st 372,000
56 | Hides, porpoise. . . 48,000
57 | Skins, mink... 22,000
58 | Skins, muskrat... oe 149, 000
59 | Skins, otter............- #2 7,600
60. | Skins; Seals. .0.2e60 sencaevg ox oeeeeaces 3,100
61 | Whalebone 63,000
62: | TiVGLS:. sas acesisidcaininensa at 657, 000 653, 000
63 | Sounds... z 96,000 96, 000
64 || OL), fishe nee ascies sedirsicavor oe 221,000 221,000
65 | Oil, porpoise , 000
66 | Oil, sea-elephant.............--2...-- 88,000
67 || Oil SCO scccnsccss on ees eenen E 4,000
68 | Oil, sperm 3,391, 000
69 | Oil, whale 573, 000
70 | Irish moss é 772,000
Tad SOD BRASS eb eid tsreasd'ses crerceessverevelniesaie eis casiaie 252, 000
lInclvdes bag nets, bow nets, cast nets, cockle nets and traps, crab nets, cunner nets and traps, dip nets, paranzella nets, shrimp nets, stop nets, turtle nets,
wheels and slides, and beam trawls.
PRODUCTS. 33
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908—Continued.
CAUGHT By—(continued.)
Fyke and hoop nets. Trammel nets. All other nets.! Pots, traps, etc. Harpoons, spears, etc.| Dredges, tongs, ete. | All other apparatus.
Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
is | toareeiacce): | atrase asad Sade 2 hated | sierko ooaioe cel eam eee eee
7 eRe area ere tent
i 10, 000 $200) | --ccese's since |eteemenns seals ciiseceneaee
5; 1,400 | 300 [2222220202 “"| 1,096, 000
6 |.
7.
8
9
10
11 191, 000 19, 000 9,000
12 89, 000 3, 300 336, 000
2, 262,000 66, 000 285, 000
22, 000
132,000 |.........---
606, 000
svaisleuessioeas 15, 272, 000
573, 000
1,005, 000 16,000
797,000 | 49, 000
234,000 | 22; 000
yaad ae Das steal seus aeolian gs Meeies added te Cea ise cet Sel aca aate 103, 142,000 } 4, 408, 000 499,000} 7,900
42 -| 74,616,000 | 8,301,000 36, 000 4,800
43 | 25, 633, 000 997,000 | 1,327,000} 38,000
-| 28,056,000 | 1,957,000 |............|...2.2 2.
2; 430,000 | "317, 000 800 200
24, 000 5,000 44,000} 8,800
“| 8, 472)000 9, 900 69,000 | 1,700
-| $1,825,000} 392,000 000 200
Lari teal | penn deca? 230, 000 5, 200
Epa eee 300,000 |.......00... 200
L ouaeaniemion | Nonteacaeae’ 55,000 | 20,000
epee nee Bb cae aaa 156, 000 5,300
Le ctactranasmna! Cetechiel oath 622,000 | 545,000
eet deat d lreecrot oe 372,000 | 61,000
772,000
182, 000
2 Less than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds.
76786°—11——3
34 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLeE 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY, BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908.
SPECIES AND STATE. Rae Value. SPECIES AND STATE. Goungss. Value.
ALL SPECIES. BARRACUDA.
WinitediS tates es oe ecareta ene ou arahsaeaere telnet 1, 893, 454,000 | $54, 031, 000 United States.......0.02020ccececeeeveceececeeeees 3, 250,000 $91,000
10, 665, 000 387, 000 Brea Neck etc Fernie eure Rp ehhh ee 3, 138, 000 87,000
12, 567, 000 ; Salted 112,000 3,500
47, 477, 000
66, 942, 000 3, 205, 000 88, 000
70, 769, 000 3, 093, 000 84,000
74, 087, 000 112, 000 3,500
14, 828, 000 45,000 3,100
74, 620, 000
15, 507, 000
8 a 000 3,313, 000 255,000
5, 390, 000
48, 106, 000 292,000 | 20000
173, 843, 000 82 000
113, 796, 000 1,070, 000 58,000
244, 313,000 id 6. 000 uy 600
38, 302, 000 532,000 57,000
7,475, 000 54,000 5,600
20, 547, 000 Kentuck: 7; 100 ”700
6, 751, 000 271,000 || tonisians 77 40° 000 3,300
399, 000 22,000 |! Maryland........ 15,000 13500
677,000 53,000 |! Mississippi. 15,000 1,000
74,827,000 | 3,069,000 | wrissourt. 329,000 27; 000
76, 485,000 | 4,594,000 |! New York....... 38,000 5, 100
tae’ tee | Meee toy || North Carolina... 511, 000 40,000
ee be 300 || Tenmessee.......-- 177, 000 13,000
28,217,000 | 1,356,000 |] DeXas...--------- 21,000 1,200
Virginia.......... 71,000 6,900
uss | 51.00 | Waa cd
14’ 104, 000 ” 588° 900 || All other states # ; 7, 400 1,300
70, 000 4, 200
4, 506, 000 112, 000
10, 439, 000 446, 000 United States 209, 000 5,500
312,515,000 | 4,716, 000
100, 456,000 | 3,513,000 |} California 35,000 400
33, 000 2,000 |) Oregon. > 200
30,953,000 | 1,067,000 || Washington 168,000 4,900
ALBACORE, OR HORSE MACKEREL.
United States... .. occ ce cece cc ccc cccccccceccceeees 359, 000 12, 000 United States..........--.. 2222s eee eee ee eee eee eee 7, 647,000 506, 000
eae Pypealitss eer sesacece save eae aus memene oes 7, 594,000 504,000
at OTT Bierce aot hota rere boat rmomntre inate Meditate ate taten 50, 000 800 994, ’
Massachusetts. ee ae 000 5,400 Balbed ost hemi aeisacatn tnnidiscnme neers 52, 000 1,900
ew Jersey , 5, Gonndcticuts sccéenvadiecasdonmntedediacessucactanemeaces 7,900 700
INOW YOLK sc vc css ks ease iewawinna y REESE ON TE Mare see 10, 000 400 || Piorida...... 952,000 45,000
ssw, aes we) 38
United S tatese. pues soe vare ce Aer eerereceniausios 89, 978, 000 589,000 || Maryland...... 14,000 700
Massachusetts. . 42,000 4,300
AOS Hier ay raee tae arerencammunae eveuoe eae 80, 945, 000 455,000 || Mississippi... 18,000 800
8, 840, 000 130,000 || New Jersey - . 1, 850, 000 99,000
193, 000 3,500 || New York..... 3,191,000 291; 000
North Carolina. 1, 256, 000 45,000
1, 025, 000 12, 000 Fresh. ... 1, 255, 000 45,000
794, 000 8, 400 Salted 1,400 100
1, 224, 000 5,500 || Pennsylvania. . 7,500 800
32, 000 1,000 || Rhode Island... 40,000 3,700
2,085, 000 18,000 || Virginia......... 242,000 14,000
1,781, 000 12,000 |} All other states 3 25,000 1,200
112, 000
98, 3057 000 157,000
00 F
24” 451° 000 98 00D United States 1,096, 000 39,000
4, 354, 000 59, 000 Paar
4,062,000 | 45,000 | rorida 2.702222 LSI Tron | 400
eet F
1,024, 000 15, 000 || S-assnehusetts:« 000 ae
New Hampshire 121, 000 1,800 |] Now Sosy 578, 000 000
New Jersey. 1, 309, 000 12,000 || Nevth Carolina’ 102, 000 5, 400
New York...... : 000 7,100'|| sree ne : 11, 000 oe
North Carolina. . a “2| 10,928; 000 140,000 |] ¥MBINA..-- 0-2 eee eee ener eter eee e eee eee 200 @)
Fresh........-.-- 7, 724, 000 88, 000
Salted. . se nenne) 3, 203, 000 52, 000
moked...-.....-- j
Pennsylvania ees 707, 000 6, 400 United States 4,738,000 120,000
resh.......------ 000 5, 300
Salted... -. 2.2... 148, 000 1, 10 | PBI aves wreamentenznenstaninan® serene seoemess ati 9,100 600
Rhode Island. -.-.--- 288, 000 45600! Nap idac te eee “|p gaetene seoun
Virginia... 1-2. 0- 1-2 eee eee eee etter eet eee 37, 885, 000 171, 000 Tibinots. a Sim iameacee 7 1,714) 000 31,000
AMBER-FISH (JACKFISH). Lesa ane tga yas
Wnited States: cscs icasceterwcaras sawonsaceerenss 38, 000 1,600 || Michigan. Seehata hae en 48. 2
Minnesot: ortee co
Florida....... See ne tee 38,000 1, €00 || Mississipp Cini Ronee 2] 22000 "00
Massachusetts. 6 100 MISSOUPIS scwcmscicetanin atmciescisiniaseane 441/000 9,600
South Carolina 500 Q) NOWIY ORK esa cconcurncnciaacanse cacndauesinveuoes wees 31;000 *900
North Carolina, Baise age senaanee dementia: 165, 000 5,600
United States.......... 12.0.2 eee eee cece eee eee ees 220,000 1,600 |] Virginia... be eT ea TREE e streets Sates 148, 000 3,700
T air SePRhee counaestumaneaeoian (gaa samie Guava 58,000 15200
Ae ; WiASCONSIN 215 x accccseaciais pleraataates eonciecates bY MeOEALs Huceecn 75,000 1,700
CalifOrtial sic s cet edocs dusseenech coacieoedeeacemeen nasser 220,000 1,600 ! All other states 4.02022220 2022 277.000 1,100
1 Less than $100. ‘Includes Delaware, Georgia, Indi i
2 Includes Delaware, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. South Carolina, and Texas. suds lana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio,
3 Includes Alabama, Delaware, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Texas.
PRODUCTS.
TaBLe 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
35
SPECIES AND STATE. Gomi. Value. SPECIES AND STATE. Aeneas. Value.
BUFFALO FISH. CATFISH—continued.
United States..............2.2.2..
Se ee rca cara Ee | __ SE MISSOUIi «552-2 o-oo eece eee eeeeeceeetteeentetet: 1,166,000 | $51,000
AVS a ays crcyc ts spaces sain atest Vale Vea eis ces een ve tae 226, 00 ODEAS KA sso sesasoussshieis es sterdintecaicestoimar sissies aces 66, 7 6
Arkansas:< 2 Solo. se ee ee 2,081 000 Be a ||: Sib ie LETS enacts em tesnplggonctaeenenedtacn 63,000 5,300
DIT 1S 655 lode cwtare itvnestaaegern onerebvaen SE a seis antes ecl cee felcleseasnen te 3 0427000 1177000 New POU ons eemenerns v3 Peeeamnees eee sees - 247,000 000
Indiana............... ” 424’ 000 7900 || North Carolina......-......----20-+2+2-0-+ 504,000 11,000
Towa sabe haees Ruane nnn tne kee mata 566, 000 237000 |] QbIO...--.- 2-2-2222 e 2s eee reece reer eet eres 505, 000 25,000
TKANSAS sesc eect tice a nene heme nnann peat eeeee 35,009 27000 |} Oregon... ....... 2.22.2. 2s eevee eee 201, 9,000
RON CUI fa sie cscs heels elec deen Maris eee srrecrces 530,000 21,000 |} Pennsylvania. ..........--- 2.2.2.2. eee ee eee ee 26, 000 1,700
TiO WISIN ae asi ashanincd ee Mavae ec omatientmnaermcte 2,626,000 50,000 || South Dakota. 000 2,000
Minnesota...............-.0-- +2000 esse 664,000 22’ 000 || Tennessee. . - 367 , 000 20,000
Mississippi........ 02.2. 020020000 oes eevee ee ee 1, 664;000 34,000 || Texas. 560, 000 26,000
MSO UTI osc sesyssee arose sisiein sqrarelones aeueeeea eee eepeons 993,000 30,000 |} Virginia. ween eee eee eee e eter e eee 738, 000 31,000
N@DTAS eo: ccpre anche ehyeyondne someyenen nek very ase *0 2/200 || West Virginia......--...-.--.-2--2+2-222eee 9,60 700
RNS tale SAG AGSERE LICE Hk hd SR RRS OURS 9/000 goo || Wisconsin. ........-.--.---2 2.00. -e ee eee ee eee 276,000 20,000
Olahomarns eu eseonis oe Merny eee hee ee ee 1,200 Q) All other states 3..... Eo Fd nceiaisidiecialais gs SEL SEE 25,000 600
oth Dakota sxy.cpe cesses 2 yacitinsiepiaiee aoceweeceodyee 32,000 1,200
Temmessee.....-.--.------eoseeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeceeees 704,000 22,000 SOBMS
OX AS ojo ote csssreaeuaind Salen miguoaa wea eecrins 3h DESetaraciee © 40,000 ‘
Wes Oe ee | wee United States............00s00000seeeeeeeeeeeeeees 123,000 2,800
WHCODED cx ccciarresrectes tes cdannaceas taeda » 3,178,000 103,000 Florida 123, 000 2, 800
isda sas eee acs ah eA nl au ea thacieeenene eeeees i i
BUTTERFISH
United States.............0000sesseeeseeseseeeeees 6,855,000 | 237,000 Or
California AEN A MENIREE EAS TANS Re RT ELST CEE 89,000 73,000 TIRED BEANE adc nciccamnay anaemia enh REVERS 110,054,000 2,914,000
ronnecticut. . . 102,000 » 100 Fresh 79. 808, 000 1, 964, 000
Delaware..... 700 ile) | RR eer yin gigaetuts Gein tenes 30) 945° 7 O50’
Bloridias. cc 16,000 OO aes Balted ss <crcsensnndsnedseenaselieaenrasead 30, 245, 000 950, 000
BING 55 ssa ciesaicese 6, 400 300 i
Maryland....... 151}000 7, 400 ee Sy sere eens veges awn ounce sn 3,298; 000 pegtes
Massachusetts. . 67,000 3,500 |i Delaware...... ” 400
New Jersey... .. 2,054,000 51,000 || Maine. ..... 439, 000
New York...._- 1,229, 000 64,000 Fresh. 351 000
North Carolina. 1,302,000 29,000 Salted. 88, 000
Rhode Island..... ‘| 13112) 000 42,000 |! yfassachusetts. 1,9887000
VET BINIG - ciscsiossicietnien ataeatmienenecnciocasirs oackdeaacnane 725,000 21,000 Fresh... 1311} 000
N Balteds sae oe
ew Hampshire. 3,9
: New Jersey... 130, 000
United States............22..022.002eceeeeeeeee eee 42,763,000 | 1,135,000 || New York... 99° 000
ei ,
Teresa ee otis ieee Ses ak ceeaar ae 42,750,000 | 1,135,000 || Reode end. me
Smoked... ..-.-..- 2-2-1. esses esse reese sees 7500 700 || Washington, salted. . 124’ 000
SAM aoe ci aieis Haichetasere cise cidcoiniaroend caryter restate abe blecbabamads 22,000 1,500
Arkansas... Seite Sieschent ese 5) con 1400 CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS. |
SPMOR ND: cccter eRe civier a yee ok ee eres ash , 4,300 United States 2, 794,000 108, 000
Connecticut scans cease srecewswaas dintesackies oh emcees 7,600 (310; | | RIM atts aha cll ge era One Sd EE a OP ebieas i
Dela waresaees vue deyaatseuesacasaes sawtacen uh ue soeneues 133,000 6,700 |] Alabama 23,000 700
Georgie). 25.2. cdnsenebscee seen aes 22 hee ee ee yee 38,000 15200, ||| Sarkansagies ox cincrecmmuaceans ch Geccak ayes aan ok ehoaeiatenecine: 300’ 000 13’ 000
TUNIS 2 os ccse ceteazecoseedeenweser ie soocsuebatainccede 21,642,000 BTAVOOO II Gelorida ee eee aes yaaa 180° 000 ” 408
DMNA oe eiscs:2jeoes viaemaspaicisceinieis Seysinreimioenats aecsiarentincse abe ins 128,000 000 |] Tiinois.......... 0... cece cece 1, 281/000 35,000
MO WA! a diaiccisesdaaic naisios aomniek ving iene suns’ Avaaliincs 2,048, 000 62,000 Teepe STs 45 000 700
FSG ae sinninnencdrnnnsen Sleds tal Weaxenee ek bakkie 304,000 VONOOO I aanisaees cn cco. eta ase oh ecthte ee bee ke ke ace ” 600 1)?
Kentucky. s.4 caer diseniaticeantuascusasymnodesels 449,000 TEWMOD | ent aoe reno niece eetor taco.) app
Louisiana..........-----2+0- 0-22 ee eee ee ee eee ee eee 12,000 L000. ||| Teo wistane shoe cy uececadcders nnn ab Pecrecrad Sates sa obebarcad 96.000 6, 400
Maryland. 167,000 7,100 || ¥finnesota............-.- 2. cece een eee 97,000 6.000
Michigan 2,459, 000 55,000 Mississippi: ceccvcs-suneccmueniocte wosccmomenenee uscued: ” 000 5’ 000
Minnesota. 1,132, 000 261000; ||" wercconri occ oe CEES See 9367000 one
Mississippi 26,000 500 || North Carolina..........-.--2-- 0. se. s sees eee eee eels 000 1000
Missouri. . ae 2,432,000 80,000 |! Tennessee. Bete git hae ee eh eee SSE See ee 186'000 7” 800
Ronse a a cat 420008 | Meas ha sesicp tes Aid aot nein cea ie Sane Meer mepenind ”000 2) 900
OW Jersey: oscsseevesscae ie teeeee dase tes teeeewe sean eees 16,000 Sane NM gh iene eh etd Shit Gg gk ae e ?
New York. .--.. Pree signe mine we sina meee ens ye 406; 000 31,000; || MW ICOBS sec vanes: eeecresexnenes venevsuscnenetedense 10,000 400
or OLOMN Aes ata Sek eee ee sn See dy 228,000 7,000
ODIO. oan eecree eee eeeeesiceneceteteesceseeseecs 7,158, 000 129,000 GREVADEE:
ENNIS VI VANE siaieps, 5,272 Go mianis aval sp apaetieosnisisiais eu eetbamiosla cies 200 j
South Dakots....<00000000. 0 127000 "700 United States......--.---.---..+--22ees sees eeeeee 1,564, 000 28, 000
OO bedi wpa anes aad ee 24 SMa Se 7 201
Se ie aan ren SOR ICTRITIO TA EORTC OPO 236,000 87000 || Alabama. .....-.-.------s+-s-sseeeseereereereneenentee: rerun 100
WISCOUSIN GS hen cde chan taenanes ui geeanen deen anenate see 2,247 , 000 52,000 |! T ouigiana.” et 24,000
BTOSH ac oouvaped-gemenmias ssemongeaateg set eenmees 2, 242, 000 52,000 || afiesiosip pi. , ae
Smoked... cca ses sacsswseny: sevquevanense permenaues 4,500 700 || mong ee Pe
2 . a pale’ *
All other states. .c0: coc wswess eeevehacee nea creeaiess 42,000 Ol Spe 80, 000 1,400
CATFISH. CROAKER.
UmitedtStates:s.2 i aiceate tet poadiecce bet danekoses 17,817,000 785,000
United States. ........-...- 2... eee eee eee eee 8, 143, 000 226, 000
Alabama. oso0.selselncucted sac cheruan seeeemeeee es eeeeRS 323,000 17,000
Arkansas. . 895, 000 330004) Alabama on c2cecuelatamicie eteedee cane el aoa oeamee eae 72,000 1, 400
CMU essen enesewasen> 1,069, 000 56,000 |} California.............--. 58,000 1,800
DOA Wales esatrepicins acrecenees veerrsee 151,000 7,300 || Delaware 79,000 2,900
PIOTIdS occas Hos eaeugenue seeker 1, 481,000 54,000 || Florida 94, 000 2,100
GOOr gia sos siehce iusra aus Le caeeees eRe EE meee 280,000 15,000 || Georgia. . 46, 000 1,800
WUD O1S oe csiseteserarcsess 22st hevequicendd toe ao eidieggae saa RE RAR Pees 2,044,000 96,000.) CeOUISI9N cscs s ascdeacn spereraints 2 stacerrakncebamiee Satine oe eis 369, 000 28,000
PRIN aie wacicls aiarten's angi Sia 4G dae emreih MA hE S CRO 102,000 7,800 || Mary AD csaw: cevenenievesxs se ceveehet veges Reeesteeee ea ees 179,000 5,300
Towavaseycacvaseic: Si aecuAad aed Mie sbaseecken@age a 418,000 23,000 ||. MississIDDi sscaiexcavaaausasas semecasaans a3 dueewounnatene 176, 000 3,700
Kansas ivissiais ssiterinass ais van eiynteind wean hiernieia’s oibtelayrantsents sibeaabet 52,000 4,400 || New Jersey..........----- +--+. beet eee eee eee eee 790, 000 19, 000
Ken tueky:scccieseesca seenomeerese sek ver 436, 000 265000.) NOW? YORK... acsciscicieicpecmuicinuisih ¢sicitiatenaris gi cie nomenon S 7,500 200
Douisian ass cic teaacny sana cemeee wan Ser 4,405,000 143;/000 || North Carolina... 2.02005 .222.sace edt atest veoenemeeesce se 1,177,000 31,000
Maryland a cis ns voi ves sore ceniins eneeiens 409, 000 18,000 |||, Pennsylvania)... wx 202 cis cece scemeacniea Demsecpemtiieess 14, 500
Michigan...........2..222...200-2200 22 270,000 12,000 j]|| ‘South: Garo lina: <2 2.0. cacecnd Sanpemtcnrsens Sere since § 85,000 2,800
Minnesotaes osx vos.ncsavuseiedesuaseeseces a 208,000 14,000 || Texas sv cacccisaia saaartcmns cds sree s eames ast 159, 000 7,000
MississiD Dh « ¢ dcsjsciceseninn adlesdc age Wasmemmee Ra teeeBakes, 502,000 195,000) “Wirginia a. ; acco: csinisnecerasiasns ghuieaninenn si neintnaremcinetse 4,839,000 119, 000
1 Less than $100.
2 Includes Florida, Oregon, Texas, and West Virginia.
3 Includes Connecticut, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and South Carolina.
36 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
SPECIES AND STATE. Comat. Value. SPECIES AND STATE. eee ‘ Value.
CULTUS COD. FLOUNDERS.
United: States ae sadunarveriwyessauauiy saiposecsseee 250,000 $7,000 Tipied BtAtes « .nscuneupeacaceyrereeiamewnaeanewts 23, 346, 000 $588, 000
CaliOrmig srs cisies tee cc cremate snide dame aah Cee Geneeeeaemey 167,000 45800} Alabama ..c). ai viesismemsansipe Shtisidiegisce winds cienie aisivin diate Be 31, 000 1,600
Oregon 5 800 |} California.........2..2-2-.2..... 6, 681, 000 144,000
62,000 1,400 }| Connecticut..............2.--2-.. 707,000 21,000
DOlA WATE a5 iecs.5-0:c:ch3:eterescstiendccee eres 17,000 1,200
pons enya veeneensecweenes tame ar pes 8, rH
¥ BOLT Ry crevedevewoentesesaudas
United, ‘States. scneeccavevesexstearsenewcedl Neceeaees 199, 000 7,500 Louisiana........-.-.--. 71, 000 6,000
Maine neers Sobrante anette aonen weed 93, 000 TPT ke oat cla DEAE are ae
Massachusetts. - 102,000 5, 600 |! wrassachusetts............. 2.0 7,124, 000 48,000
Rhode Island...... shi Giu Seeabulbinssaadeeeeneoessses , 000 300 Mississippi... ; a 38, 000 2).000
cusk New Jersey 650, 000 25, 000
New York... 4, 629, 000 141, 000
Uniled States. sisceevencvseruasivverwecaasnssawans; 6, 344,000 105,000 |} North Carolina 403, 000 16, 000
Oregon........ 23, 000 500
BORE ve sickvatne ye ccc innnwiiinn ns Aidcorudceacee 6, 242, 000 103,000 || Pennsylvania. 4,700 200
103, 00 2,200 || Rhode Island. . 1, 891, 000 50, 000
South Carolina. 4,700 200
2,078, 000 32,000 || Texas.......- 140, 000 6,600
2,039, 000 31,000 || Virginia... .. 189, 000 7,400
39, 000 900! |] Washimgtons. +. 2acas,ecewenass oi eeetese seeemeenieexeeee 474,000 7,000
4, 267,000 73, 000
4,203, 000 , GROUPER.
64/000 1,300) United States...... 000. .0..00ee0eccveeeeeeeeeees 1, 870, 000 42, 000
DOGFISH, OR BOWFINS. Fresh 1, 864,000 42, 000
ee , 864, i
United States... 2... ...eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1, 701, 000 22,000 Bolted sp ivsnxyacaas suanatesiole heacetanees 000 00
Alabama 394, 000 3, 900
TINDOIS a naaana-nascesetonnnnnsssnswnaeancntnunsaivnnann 1,870,000 18,000 | Forida.... 1, 276, 000 34, 000
chigan. . Se Shee ees 85,000 , 200 Fres) 1 270. 000 34, 000
Missouri... 1.1.2... 34, 000 700 Salted... *” 6,000 *300
New York...._. 42,000 600 || Georgia. 160, 000 2,900
North Carolina. - 101,000 1,400 || sore Caroli 40,000 A090
All other states 1.22.0... cece cece eee e eee 69,000 600 |) POUL Carolina » ,
DRUM, FRESH-WATER.
United States 389, 000 19, 000
UMIted States eect ose Ss Veceed ceeat aan 6, 532, 000 154,000
Florida 388, 000 19, 000
ATA DAM DY 5 255,72.235 a:sed ale sebis deuce anses Doeseaboaeremmohes 151, 000 10,000 |} North Carolina 800 (4)
ATKANSAS,,£,0.dc0.54ccevsedaw bad womens , 000 8,900
Te ee ee 137/000 | 7"600
HANG neni eee nari evawaes 7 A
lows. Wc cnet ee eee a 188° 000 3, 300 UMited States). occ escccesecemeatweecsseedacedess 59, 987, 000 1, 308, 000
PISS = feats ieetie Peet rt eres 000 , Fresh 58,946,000 | 1, 286, 000
ROntueky sccc:ccdsiccasesmncanciecis 354, 000 16,000 ae Ue se Lyte
Loulstans- Pihnack nah tery 845, 000 15, 000 Balteds .ssonssseecri tes seneners gains 1, 042, 000 22,
Chivas. nenurececmeriamueeas 186, 001
Minnesota. .---.-------2-2-2-22-2++- 333, 000 10 anes 243, 000
Mississippi.........----..-..-+------ 337,000 104 44” 000 242’ 000
irae Rc gitea ine selene ‘ 23, "69, 1’ 300
IO oicisscscais dsieianeauher oases 227,000 , 7
TENNESSEE. ....)-.0 2 o:2 sis ee edna neieees nets ; 204 000 3 ae na i fat Ha
TOXAS. ooo eeceeseeeeeeseveeeee reese j fro aed wes
ASCONSINs gioy eesier stage axe sims 96, ; » *
Allother states? 0070700000777. 207T TTI, ”” 50, 000 E00 le sae 100,000 2.10
New York........... 424” 000 12, 000
DRUM, SALI WATER: RROGG TANG ccscusacans voknancied posmemaas ara medeenene 415, 000 11 000
United States soccmcseeees cenedsentiraeewneests fe5 4,576,000 164,000 bi Mee
AMADA wears seen tek acci as seas edeniotns sae acaewecaeee 151,000 6, 800 . :
Florida. a ONE DE ACM SN PO ned "77] 1, 426).000 000 United States........-..2 0.22.22. 2- 2s eee ee eee 34, 340, 000 464, 000
COT RNA io sacsic eieciscciecciassiossusyyoesd “oindee jes 151,000 5, 10 FP
GSIATIAL one oe Gaon a 39/000 HOSN jedoch) ateaetern Demaibeee Ree aameled we 33, 815, 000 455, 000
Louisiana ae 9 7598; 000 87900
244, 000 500 oO)
Pre 17, 398, 000 168, 000
109, 000 17,104, 000 164, 000
1,309” 000 295, 000 4,100
"73. 16, 708, 000 294, 000
. 16, 478, 000 289, 000
: 30, 000 4,800
EELS. New Hampshire 13, 000 100
New Jersey. ............. 181, 000 1,600
United: States ic: sccicntikaas oc weeg sheers aspen te. 3, 358, 000 203,000 |} New York.............-. 39, 000 1,000
Rhode Island.............. 2,300 100
CONNECTICUT: evcasedas vende seeios: sc jose Seuecseeeess 111, 000 9,100
Delaware sect 2a ces sie. aetinciinneesn aeeieae 202, 000 15, 000 HALIBUT.
es ie jainnisy aseismic ncalnyabe2 fagie bie e gsegensya’ armeeclcne 31, 000 1,800
O Ways scsid:peisiseisca eels 2722 Dak eae eres 5, 400 600 United States suesand Seats pet oe attest che
Maine. . ae 498, 000 25, 000 gD | eae
Maryland.. 221,000 , 000 PTO on cana a Lakh as heb ao rmdnmuna nude aeate 33,785
Massachusetts 7227.00 76562000 | 63000
aa nae .
BO TOTEOY aacowaietur nenpaaacaveuwnenaduen velwenas 8.5
iS hig oReeaaeiney et noulad a etiianead torre 736, 000 Pigs 15,000
North Carolina................-. 222-2 eeeeeeee eee 258, 000 4,145, 000 310, 000
POMS GIVI. 2:c:nsnascieisncinsciewccioiess 2issis nee leaeice deine ersicls 54, 000 3, 489, 000 257, 000
Rhode [land 2 acccen snsccoahaee seemahaantodesaces 149, 000 656,000 53,000
VATION: se eae em aehd eet e Re Sor ene tain eae ea a NS 87,000 16, 000 "700
Alb other states? cswssas ccncaws sosvecusunscriswswdawess 15,000 30, 072, 000 1, 236, 000
1 Includes Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
2 Includes Delaware, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and West
Virginia.
3 Includes Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky,
Minnesota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.
4 Less than $100.
Louisiana, Michigan,
PRODUCTS. 37
TaBLe 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
uantit: Quanti
SPECIES AND STATE. Const Value. SPECIES AND STATE. (pounds). Value.
HERRING. LING, OR EELPOUT.
United States........... 0.20.0. 0cece cece cece cece 125, 050, 000 $796, 000 United States sec case sc seve esisniwee Sarcmaneaeanes 326, 000 $4, 500
TORY ox couse cal swanica dhe acai wueabanh we elbredsins 115, 563, 000
Salted :
000
000
2, 506, 000 200
000
‘ United States. cc occussdavyencacecyevuctaevesseee: 41, 118, 000 te a
Brosh .cs.sesssecsseecseeesieeeeeeeeeeeceeces 25,282,000 | 730,000 || New York... 2 7000 800
a. “+ ae 91,000 nd.
3 925, 000 67,000 Whode slang... micas saeeraceouwbar wh wcece nee 537,000 25, 000
28 090 MACKEREL, CHUB.
204,000 United ‘8 tates i concks ox vewrecciecwdies wemeciceueeias 639, 000 16,000
? CaliiOrmiai ss 23 2.2deumensacee eeaeeearerieed ee Pees see ae 3,300
155,000 |) Plorida. . - 4 100
ie New York 2,900
18) 900 Rhode Island 9,800
51, 000 :
147, 000 United States 893, 000
147,000
” 400 RESTS ose d mame eer ae cece pers cevanen te 893, 000
Pennsylvania. 6,000 || «§«.-«-« = BIR sp vnnnn nnn ka eM RENAN ET Edeee See 5,000 200
Wisconsin... . 322,000
Fresh. . . 237,000 || Alabama... ... 2.2.22... 2. cece reece eect ee erect enone eres (4)
Salted .. 18,000 || Connecticut. 93, 000
Smoked. segsexwuss ewerwesncceivemuncerenpetieeessas 67,000 || Delaware....-...-..-222.-.----+++-+-+- 152,000
WIOEIG Bacay Hes aactase cee eneewameelae oe )
Maryland... <2 scecc2csses etescces ene shu 30,000
eee has seetainiipieine sean sala siete L ie
38,000 TOS. .2d see sesietanns epee cmap Peace
! Salted. cccnacwsa we syecoees ie :
PRES ioe Saya hess e Geese MODI ae eee 859, 000 37,000. || Mississippi ..2-..ev00s vow sens sown yz 3,900
17,000 1,000 || New Jersey 43,000
New York. . 2 sewecewreccescaseceag 22,000
Alabama. on eementsis's scweemns 4 59,000 2,700 || North Carolina............-.--+--- s 70,000
Florida. 198, 000 8,000 |} Rhode Island............---..---- 5 48,000
Georgia... 3, 500 200 || Virginia i
North Caro. 377,000 20,000
Sohne ee | MESS) Ass
WNC. vscncasiaas secu eee xs semnees 2s 0 000 i
South Caroling cant acoepmesees vnoneoses a 3, 100 ”300 United States _
BNNNCSSCC rast oss op eh as siccaimsetey eS ERS eh , 800 100 pare
Vireiliant sd foo s ne ce oe he eee cee 233, 000 6/200 || VPoMUBsieseree mass sa uecenesttes sxe ssertarerncsy rete 900
jewiisn MOONFISH (ANGEL-FISH, OR SPADEFISH).,
Unltd! States ooo od cok seceececees sencnendeoeseene 223, 000 5,100 United States... ........--- 2... -2-- seer erence 161,000 6,000
lori dA csecetacatatemeawadad sons bebuier cee iRe ee ee 88,000 4,000
Fresh... 2-0-2. 2+ 2s cess sees ee ee eects eee 202,000 4,300 || North Carolina. ... 53, 000 1,300
22,000 800 }] All other states?............2--0seecceeereeeeeeeeeee eee 20,000 600
161,000 2,600
140, 000 1;800 ; bases
, 000 800 Udlited States) 222.2 c ecahanausccals padieuilagees 33, 703, 000 908, 000
= 14,000 1,100
Louisiana... Au 100 Q) Presh ccocc eeswccscsecceteseenaeeesececatiecas +-| 30,682,000 786, 000
North Carolina. . an 1, 200 100 Salted yee cea cc anant os tiacnalaemae saws thawereeees 3,020,000 122,000
South Carolina. is 700 ()
46, 000 1,800 || Alabamma, ......2 0222020. 2e sence es ee eee eee e reece eee e eee 1,656, 000 33, 000
Californias 2ae2% cnesea ounce eusareuseediws etincectontcn es 3, 300
Delawareise<: 2c avesecopceahe eeyanaeecsesewies esbwseens oe 27,000 1,000
PIO dae sacscnss sessed Sa seeinemeeees sete sosetane te 24, 582,000 637, 000
52,000 900 IB TOSH Sse ccaciaich sis pas Gals ein nicicnie Eee eS SeG RE NH 23,536,000 598, 000
MANGO soos fa cyadeessisiere Rais dit, ciarcaeioe tiie Siatincntneis clases 1,046, 000 39,000
100 (1) GOOG. cps te dntaduroe eed reesei nue aaa icieneiaeine Sted 194, 000 5,400
52,000 O00 1 LOUIBENG ccs cedanmereee senciwecuavas ques reaweee toss 133, 000 5, 600
Maryland wjcc:cce2 sce cca s sees ce ceed Se ecmeccecweee eee 47,000 1,600
Mississippi case ccancuncssraaonamarenutssirs iste Saee sass ase Re 1,035, 000 20,000
4 New Jerse yiss.isais senteere ct cesaremancht aerencaneecs neces 7,600 300
346,000 95000) ||| New, Or beens cucrccnwad ne easiest es evinmaaatininieasinsinnd 100 Q)
North Carolinas. sncncos serasenisact ee oeeeneaies oe cae 5,070, 000 175,000
229,000 5,000 TOS csians ie went cenayiis a easenisins See eaagabtts kesees 3,185, 000 94, 000
117, 000 4,000 Salted ....2 25 ccc ccmouincie 2 yancoeanes of SaceoRER cae 1,885, 000 80, 000
SOUth: Carolina 23 vecec- cu ee tietentee? memcceaeMees Oe 664, 000 19,000
1,000 Q) Bieslies sacecthoccceacd 25 nacangsbureetdeaGeaesuecce 575, 000 16,000
345,000 9,000 Salteds ie coere 55) Asem nea ces edeasactuttus ecient 89, 000 3,100
228, 000 5, 000" || WORaS op. srcieiaveiee wicks catcinrsiese a Mawar Reseaadeoearee heauine 20,000 900
117,000 4,000 !) Virginia........... bes Rieti Nea ERE SOSRi ee AS 264, 000 9,400
1 Less than $100. 3 Includes Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virginia.
2 Includes Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.
38
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
SPECIES AND STATE. omen Value. SPECIES AND STATE. (aunts. Value.
MUSKALLUNGE. PIKE PERCH.
UURISAS EASES oe cee eee! 25, 000 $1,700 United States. c2ccc2cn ones caesumessieserereteeeeed 15, 247, 000 $580, 000
Miri OAS 2p scl eartrasatais os Feeeies pacar ee a niclere testa etait 14,000 1,500
4,000 400 || Towa......s. ss see 38,000 2}700
19, 000 : 1, 200 Kentucky......... 8, 400 700
) Michigan. - 1,194,000 98,000
Tis | aR 8 "2000 | 12°70
Missouri.........-.-- 00
MUTTON-FISH. New York. 2, QoL, 900 98: 000
F4og 9 OFA, h ccnccs coeasvanic hte Henputae duel — - dageinna’| ceca. || COMO eseccencanaecrciokds 8 000
United States.......--2.-2--2202eeer reese eee eee es 417,000 9, 600 Pennsvania 2,956, 000 98, 000
peg hE EE ee OE he a Nei gaa || WHSCOMSIN ices mies seein 88 900
Florida... .....-. 2... 2-2-0: 2-2 ec eet ec eter e tees eee es 417,000 9, 600 bie other § states 5 16, 000 1 400
PADDLEFISH
United States. ....-....- 20.2... 2... e eee eee 1, 518, 000 49,000 United States 29, 462, 000 402,000
71, 000 2,000 Fresh 28, 078, 000 375, 000
402, 000 AZZOOO | = eakigieaeg FR SISSIES Ret Nees a poset emcee 4 u if
ae on 1) 384, 000 27,000
1,500 25,000 800
45: 900 8,941,000 75,000
2, 000 8, 477, 000 69,000
183,000 464; 000 6,300
oe Ne 20, 006, 000 313, 000
o ae 19, 086, 000 292' 00
ine 10, 000 21; 000
32’ 000 New Hampshire 6,300 100
7 New Jersey...-.-.---.--- 84,000 1,100
New York...........--.. 133, 000 3, 500
Rhode Island. c<ssccn0.neesceues cncscessteeoceenceseeens 266, 000 7,800
United States sgce4nnmuntcavertabeiaiteiverdetns 2,412,000 | 137,000 POMPANO
Connecticut 7,600 400 United States oioja.iz se csjcc neces Sean tenes science 570, 000 71,000
Delaware 173,000 14,000
ine.....2..... 70 @) Grid ate rhins4yt sul creatna datas eres woman echipmeeeeer ey eels 508, 000 65, 000
Maryland 545,000 30,000 |] North Carolina 1,000 700
Massachusetts..........--.+-+- 2s eee e eee reece cece eee ee ee 1300 100 || Texas..............-.-- 18,000 1,100
NOW Jersey's: siccstesosaiwacceuen adacsautuies naa comaeeene 140, 000 11,000 || Virginia 20,000 3,100
INOW. Y OPK es sci oaisiciciecisciz ee aialal eee deee atthe mies atatacs cio gcasiaiemaes 90, 000 8,700 || All other states § 14,000 1, 400
INOfth Carolin ais oe oicsacecayciey seo! aso sence Sdtoraed deoeete ave Shae se 993, 000 44,000
FUG dO TSAO oss oes. ncaa sae danas scinneas aonedadedets 15,000 900
NAEBAIIB gy cs sone Raa RR DERE TRs REN naels 446,000 24,000 United States 133, 000 6,900
PERCH SERLLOW: Bre Shi sso Sociaset Gunedancaiue esas auneeiemien 128, 000 6, 600
WMS Staves oss as ies OSS abate clerevedd'adalneateeie 7, 898, 000 5, 000 200
18,000 133, 000 6, 900
14, 000 128, 000 6,
238,000 000
119, 000
719/000 1,000
2, 378, 000 73, 000 United States 35,000 2,800
17,000
1447000 : 5 400 || Plorida...........-- 2-2-2222. ee eee 35,000 2, 800
360, 000 000 REDFISH, R 2
‘an’ boO Bains SH, OR ROSEFISH
85,000 3, 400 Ed BiG cco scan cuaanwes baReuerdads scadeeeed 305, 000 2, 800
118,000 5,500
2,563, 000 55j1000) | MAING 9s 05 cuperatyacrar esis Osea aula oo Auda when neeiaes 2,000 100
26,000 800 || Massachusetts 303, 000 2,700
United States... atic Gate eae 24,000 1,000 United States ato 5,100
Ploridaly seie veces ccecunane sizer ececeanacd y eneesense 24,000 1,000 |) arkansas i a68 a
Illinois... 6,2
PIGFISH, OR HOGFISH. Michigan SF O60 2 te
Winlited ‘Staves acscaicewawacicnsinardisiivteacss ne aedineiastscists 777,000 32,000 || Mississip 12,000 700
All other states? 16,000 700
MlabaM Gees sseaneay ae kions ean sense donee or etemnaxnans 400 @)
I ae mom) hee
t Lior: ener 7
Pose ies ieee eds ait 2 600 100 United States 2, 454, 000 66, 000
Virginia. . ..------ +--+ +20 eee ee eee ee ee eee eee eeee 109,000 11,000 pes Hida sneered 2, 445,000 65,000
sie eaiemae a aoebasaeee ‘i
PIKE AND PICKEREL. 8,800 300 .
United States ccccan 2. ctceeeevecens sae teres Sligekie 2,959, 000 174,000 ates 2,319,000 60, 000
res. 2, 310, 001
Dela WAC i2ie.c6 s 28 ca Sacieciu dat Sager eaeassbeaieeseasens 14,000 1,100 Salted 3S ne sa
Tin O18 2 sisi aioe evicces acai 14,000 1,100 |) Oregon 000 100
OW Ds saci siesnimdins secre decane 61,000 3,200 |} Washington 132, 000 5, 200
Maryland 35,000 3, 800 ,
Michigan 478,000 32,000 ROUND ROBIN.
oe 98) UHL
issouri... 0 TUE, BE as oot een eee an ea imerirss Seaweed Booman
Neri 0 | 28 | ria ee
orth Carolina OTN, wien cesar casi ctmocinscicukameens DEM RSERG Secu 2
ee a 1,118,000 70,000 ee ae
Pee 14,000 1,600 SACRAMENTO PIKE.
TOXOS cscs teste arsis ba enanea vines 308, toe i 000
Virginia... . ) 000 TDGEEE BUA LOS ya.2cneannncdeewone Coomuaeeesesewaies
Wivoihns oe 317,000 23° 000 res 200
All other states 4 26,000 1,200 |! California 20, 000 ! 500
1 Less than 100 pounds.
2 Less than $100.
3 Includes Iowa, Minnesota, Tennessee, and Texas.
4Includes Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Malne,
New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Tennessee.
5 Includes Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana,
West Virginia.
6Jncludes Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland,
South Carolina.
Nebraska, Tennessee, and
Massachusetts, Mississippi,
and
7 Includes Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, and Wisconsin.
TaBLE 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
SPECIES AND STATE. ened Value. SPECIES AND STATE. Boca Value.
SAILOR’S CHOICE, OR PINFISH. SHEEPSHEAD.
United States...0.... 00. c eee cee ccecccceees 1,720, 000 $39, 000 United Statesin: sicxccsdvi. azaceccnneceveaceoosees 2, 637, 000 $97, 000
groStampatevcit 24, 000 1, 200
6, 90 100 apna ch A ERLE ET ONCE HED US 1,571, 000 38,000
1,257, 000 32,000 |) Georgia. Sees Steen "64, ; 700
Pee F ae TOWISIBN A a cic eee econs oesbee deoeien wiadeete . 249, 000 18, 000
South Carolina. . 34,000 1 000 Mississippi. 51,000 5300
Virgini ? ; North Caro! 249, 000 12,000
EO iteniccaaia sam anenus ekumenmnewsasiean é2on edakancnedin 100 Q) South Carolina 20, 000 900
sataon Renan cI ee
United States... 2.00... oo oc cc ececccccccccccccccees 90,417,000 | 3,347, 000 All other states $ -..... 1.22. se+eeeee eee eee eee 1,000 100
Gy) eee ORI CIARA NES ORES 90,379,000 | 3,345, 000 SILVER: HARES
39, 000 1,700 Wnited States... 0. sactuclieeniocien atekeewio nonsense 10,336, 000 93, 000
9,211, 000 471,000: ||| California. é . iiccau: ea-cele sneb eres pete ye cicrsta giannis 32, 000 300
9,173, 000 470,000 || Connecticut. . 179, 000 2,100
39, 000 1,700 || Maine........ 25, 100
100 () Massachusetts. 5, 589, 000 39,000
19, 000 3,700 || New Jersey. . 3, 708, 000 44,000
(2) 1) New York... 68, 000 3,700
26, 876, 000 1,301, 000 || Rhode Island 534, 000 3,600
54, 312, 000 1, 571, 000
United States ic acencssasumemecewenesersekeeencdsce 402,000 4,200
United Stated s soon: vismeerceoued sete eosbeee sews 4, 638, 000 30,000 California 124, 000 1, 000
oe. , z
i Massachuse 93, 000 700
California ay) saeesesiis ae caine ee gagsancek eke aeacea 4, 638, 000 30,000 New York...... 168, 000 2,100
— All other'states 4... cscsesceeseseevdeneee ee es 18, 000 400
United States.....0....000cccceeeeeeeeeeececeeeees 8, 414,000 290, 000 SuEED
Go mnecticut eRe RIM AE PIO SEMEL RS LRCREN SEEN 95, 000 B 500 United States seco woses ieeexeeresas oaeeeseentes 4,340, 000 174,000
BOTA osc a sence cists oni paiecniwneyaidddaneaiaece 300 1
Massachusetts.........--.-.2-22000-222220-- 1,136, 000 40, 000 Ne siesta einstein ecco Bain ees
New Jersey....-. 22... eeeeeeeee eee 1, 196, 000 35,000 || Maine............... ‘ 654, 000 65,000
Nee ae 1, 294, 000 45,00) Massachusetts he 16,000 2) 500
Rhode Island. 4, 616, 000 iss,o00, | New Hompshite. ..i-2-%-. aa icon
ne Ww Tac uatadaiminiss ces eesand ‘ ls
VUES ays ce cumecagacumaswniyapeneneune ask , 000 , 500 New York... 4,000 900
[401 ee 30, 000 800
SEA BASS Rhode Island 1,200 100
: Washing tomises sniecracins ics essere sctromiajeiad saicietansemcaaicie 2,897,000 61,000
United Statesiac 2x scviwisc cxcsiece sacs seven sisses 6, 352, 000 284, 000
Connectlout az scsecick c iscciiviawins Sie dee Ratenteecie's sivierneactscres 61,000 5,400
Delaware... 300 Q) United States... 2 vcccsenseoveusdesessanscecasaeees 13, 498, 000 636, 000
Florida... 154, 000
Georgia... 233, 000 2,635, 000 92,000
Maryland. 225,000 7,719, 000 434, 000
Massachusetts 114, 000 880, 000 30,000
Mississippi. . 12,000 400
New Jersey. 3,161, 000 2, 252, 000 79,000
New York... 723,000
North Carolina. 72,000
Pennsylvania. . 860, 000
Rhode Island... 197,000 356, 000 15, 000
South Carolina. en 491, 000 2
Mirginias ss sean iG sctekentrnd sites sarcitamniaaianiennnac as sens 63,000 2,900: || Florida: <.: 2 c0sc0c0 e000 seccasmestansvecsecsesusencesecees 342,000 15,000
13,000 300
SEA ROBIN 1,000 @)
United. tates’. fount cence wate hence eee 115, 000 700 SPANISH MACKEREL.
New Jersey. 62, 900 200 United States in nnase asa cinsedeeuiecinedearexeeeeenes 3,806, 000 194,000
minsind ade ciionts DEMENSEeRE AEE eee ates eaters, 5: 100
New. work : si TSPOShi cae ard penis dete xis signee Seueeece mess 3, 705, 000 190, 000
aHAD: AEC cosas vile atahesaees aie biaatelcsSvorerayesa/aacbides wsledeare apis 101,000 3,500
ALDI A is:55:.2/s.sdcisinade ena hao esens aoe eeaamcas ease meee 13,000 600
VWnlted States sccisiceceacweares revs avenneyeaeenzes 27,641, 000 2,113,000 || Galifornia.. 3497 000 5,300
PSR a ocr ci uaseeioscrcunanon Sceesaneatvanaae: 1, 169, 000 Geico || Pe encase ge oo
CONT OCH CU Ge spss Beiecerepesgis.g nibs inanGne Sariacine se Rees Ae AMS 122, 000 18,000 |) Fiorida 2. 647.000 122,000
DIOLS WARE bw nies dadcre asa esoSinlesredislaissieledloaremee deniseeeaya 870, 000 68, 000 Fresh 2” 569” 000 720°.000
Wlorida siisecacucheetecece eeece mean ecedeincadinesteSe 2,836, 000 320, 000 Salted. 2 73, 000 eg 800
Ger glass ssceiisias sue seisies seca ttanscea eet ne deen eesiemens 1,333, 000 190, 000 Mississippi Rit os sapalanneentartios 7100 500
Maine. .......... 2... - 2-222 2ee eee e etter eee 70, 000 000 || New Jersey... -- 00S 7, 100 1,800
Maryland............222-- 2222s eee ee eee eee eee eee 3, 937, 000 247,000 || North Carolina......... 2... 457'000 34’ 000
Massachusetts... .--..-.------222220eeee ee ee eeee eee eee 389, 000 123000! | pReeat ce ei ee te ne nn ae 42, 000 3) 400
New. Jersey xicscsisxecetsaas cise maser reietoransels ciselsiccrome 3, 004, 000 229, 000 Virgi ia Bead Ate oN eee eg ge ag 276. 000 25. 000
New. York o.0nco5 ss canis ee aeteccsekt 2eeeeecare pose eee 360, 000 27,000 || Allother states... 6/200 700
North Canine. 22. cccsccnnasnannunses ECEMENT ET TEroRaeS 3, 942, 000 PRPs rc SO ee re ee eae am
OLegoN....... 1.22222 ecnn snes neces eee e econ eee esenseenees 431, 000 8, 000 SPOT
oer nals ce eee eee ee tennessee tee eee tees 788 oo 38, pe :
ode Asland: 2n.c.ccetadasnGeevededas ontencesine sence ; Fi
South Carsliade ce ee 464,000 41,000 United: States.2.c 2s cccciseiinsstiactchemcacdezea tones 1,824, 000 46,000
Sohaie Loa 436,000 |) Alabama oo. vccnuccyceecusnwsesnecssabevavevesuesseds 83, 000 1,600
S SPEIER ah FSH IS Ibi SctnnesSors in R SS oe aera ? , Deleware beavers a pa 1,300
Orida. << 1 4,200
SHARK Maryland... 2 100 “too
Mississippi... 1, 000 1,300
United States...........ccceccceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeees 75, 000 1,500 || New Jersey. 255,000 3, 100
ew York...
Maryland ociraccccia sewers oaisasice esi cokeiabinaeamecaeniesceten 390 (1) North Carolina. 852, 000 16,000
New York.. 1,900 (e | South Carolina... 66, 000 1,800
South Carolina, 72,000 140004) VAP RIN oss stesso aren rotten oe poktoNasins Stiwinnemarmnem nse 192, 000 15; 000
1 Less than $100.
2 Less than 100 pounds.
3 Includes Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York.
4 Includes New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Virginia.
6 Includes Connecticut, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York.
40
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TABLE 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
SPECIES AND STATE. Genaie ; Value. SPECIES AND STATE. eands. Value.
SQUETEAGUE. ; SUCKERS—continued.
United States. .... 22... c ec. e cece ee ceceeeeeeeee 49,869,000 | $1,776,000 || Iowa........... 2.00... cece ce eee eee e eee c cee eeeeceeeeeeees 197,000 36, 600
TROMtUGIEY. -.. siescieiess tics tstce-ctensselesecrcicscrcresovare everarauareueieness , 000 2,100
Presb scsi cc sainaie scams euibey Sacandcemesie’s 49,800,000 | 1,774,000 || Maine... 22.0220 2200 e cece eee eee 58, 000 900
BBlGEO a. 5 5 sare yeisseue tecrcemeccucetaneecein 68, 000 2,900) 1] MICHIPAN sce cacvnscdesmcincnsuciwerssaies ancoune , gi a8 ie oe
Bes) vscansascacaauounieas yaseneucasms sxe
Ainbatiae $5. oo 0b ahabeieoueaend(auateleesas poe 208, 000 10, 000 Balteds oa, cay ects ee eee ae ” 232, 000 4,900
Califor fascia senceitin craves eles paresirncetse Ree aE RACE 1, 337, 000 42,000 || Minnesota.............020 0220 c eee e ee cence eee renee 76, 000 800
Connecticut... 2.2.0... 2.02. cee cence eee cee ee ee eeceeeees 180,000 6; 800) | (MISSOUEI in anc sancen cman omen tvereieermnia yeamnerss 54,000 1, 400
Delaware aio scjusiscecicarsosesscis deus araecnaemseseeameeonaus 2, 590, 000 29; 0000||\ New. Jersey's mises 0 erg hotnnant cea cineeeee meee ne 74,000 5,900
BIOTA. soc: srosiesctaniesteniea nernaizisinctgareandicine. opreiabeciencistied 4,864, 000 196,000 || New York............2.2..2.20 0202 eee eee eee eee 276, 000 13,000
Wrest -focre cee chcverecatter nore eaters Seraaqes magne aetaeine x 4,810, 000 194,000 |) North Carolina.........0.00000cceeceeeeeececeeeeeee 63, 000 2,000
Salted un scanseysaeesaceveciececncsestevereecaneseeen 54,000 2,200 AOE coches eae aes evita Sn CS OLE crate Ee 1,387, 000 20, 000
COONS y veoas5 vesncsameeisanetesaeveeeaW.eee Set Rbokinnes 140, 000 12,000 |} Pennsylvania............22-00--2-2020eeee ee eeeeee 57,000 1,500
HOUiSian dis s.06.N ws ce cece aiee es cu dein Scie mie semis einen cegen aie 1,103, 000 82,000 || Tennessee. . 69, 000 3,200
MOP yam ejected seuss esac inicietieauty sjecdicicnus aeereieis aan! 1,191,000 47,000 || West Virgin: 6, 000 300
M Assi GHUSCtUS a. s)s5.0c1-eecsscisina tin cicteciniwine susie seem men 1,971, 000 58,000 || Wisconsin. 1,212, 000 24,000
MASSISSI PDE -:2.2):/c;2jsiissvieiaisieasnd bain ee aeanmiemmbedtaecenenate 517,000 28, 000 resh.......... 1, 089, 000 22,000
New Jersey... ..-..... 11, 814, 000 342,000 FE erection cook wk cas Gage detente cue haat aMiniee 123,000 1,900
New York... 11, 151, 000 451,000 || Allotherstates2............-.-.. 0. -e eee cee eee eee eee eee 65,000 1,700
North Carolina. . 4 635, 000 206, 000 :
F 4, ot Ha 206, aoe SURF-FISH, OR VIVIPAROUS PERCH.
Penney si. So tnd 12/000 200 United: 8 tates soe ch coca seeiteate sicisleatonebgee cies 885, 000 21,000
Ode: (S80 «2 eeowsceseecs ce ees cetea sessed ieensieaey 2, 427, 000 72,000 e :
South Carolina.--2.2000000202TTTIIIIII ” 183; 000 8,700 |] California... ..... 22... -22.2---02eeeeeseeeeteeeeeec eres 198000 5400
Oregon , 000 600
ND ORO odes iia ei ecceis ees wie Meanie sees meawaiie ae 1,055, 000 46,000 Washinet 661,000 15,000
WBNS cic cnckadacrdonuamcnrcccdunoaasnuniaasnimanend ate 4, 491,000 139, 000 PDUEWOU: seesuheseienecerey eer RR Ress SPENT , 3
STRIPED BASS. SWORDFISH
United States.......000....0eeeecceeeeeeseeeeeeees 3, 657,000 314, 000 United States....... 0.2.0... see eeeeee cee ec eters 2, 714, 000 198, 000
CALS ine oacet creme sees rend crore ye vente sce 1, 776, 000 7, 800
CONN CCH CULS sais epcsicin ore B OER ade hibigd ava Douala ceiieewinis : ” 500 240, 000 15, 000
Del Wie oicc5 Sicisse)s cressicicssiars Deis uaataiersanelaisieg naidveus esac es 53,000 1 ay ii {oon
pee Wate Soctn ah a keds misiasaiag hl ql t ecenitph nity hh Meee ogee 9,000 3. 900
COTE se ero eee drei wiaid eee Sam SASS Malate lalayal 8, 900 t
Maine... ccc cen 2) 100 308, 000 18, 000
Maryland. 640, 000
Massachusett: 5,100
New Jersey 53, 000 7,400 ‘Wiitéd States x2. cee nocnmcenn aden eset mlaanne svete 995, 000 37,000
New York.... 45,000 7,600
North Carolina: cies sc ecasc ene cetemetsee seneeseneeresss 510,000 36,000 || Connecticut... 2.2... 222202222 cence cece ee eee eee weeeeee 119, 000 4,600
Pennsylvania. .. geateaed PeREeeEE Caeeea reset eeoemess 20! Delaware...... 55,000 2, 800
Rhode Islan” « - jo -eceseasys oeseieenesseaess sstecieceeces 34, 000 4,700 || Massachusetts. . 170, 000 6, 300
SOUth Caroling s ieee eiacech tasoun supe skis aceneinen 5,000 300 || New Jersey... 112, 000 3,500
WAT SUIS o saisesceiase,s ocs-cdccleinaw idisle Se wiSad citinaeis sine einaaeeswie! 504) 000 46,000 || New York...........---- 81, 000 3,100
HOME ASIAN 55 econ caneiers wadecadaaet audecadones acces 458, 000 17, 000
STURGEON
United Statesinccceoceazscescewecevess cessseeeseces 2,072,000 157,000
United States 289, 000 9,100
Preshisssncsadeeses Jrterseeeiewnh te eeeeedeces 2,070,000 157,000
SMOKE istic resenen ce acocameeaugeeeseeses , 500 500 A on 1 oe
7,00
California........ 0.0. 0202:0c0ee cece eceecececeeceseeeees 10,000 97,000 2} 300
DGG WONC 6 oe oe cnnn wenn ener emen ns buadhenm aes sehen ae Hi 3, 26, 000 700
apoeeeer py 100, 000 7,000 TROUT, BROOK.
POO oD United :Stutestc te) 0Scu Se ees 18, 000 6, 300
“ee ote 0 nH TIE? CON ccm inaameneede meets veut humane ease kn wales 18, 000 6, 300
zeseieees 200 1,000
Renae a7 000 5,000 TROUT, LAKE
canoes 57, 000 7,100 United States.......22...222..2222.22222-2e2e2---] 12,024,000 800, 000
“fej sssidicgsieus 164, 000 11,000
sebsbasstieee 132, 000 5,000 BIER wend uiksekeet onetiedarseteraeesevencs|| 1,0 O00 781, 000
aoa 11, 000 600 ATO 2.3.3 cis erioeeuad tote aaesmas aces sseceue 53, 000 , 000
auodare 132,000 13, 000
etch pireete 105,000 16,000 |} TUNO1S 1c. scacxcccsrescenemssseeetadueaws serasawnaeen ecwy 150, 000 13, 000
Th EeREN 62,000 6,400 || Indiana 130, 000 9, 600
Belgipaictansal 8, 600 700 || Michigan. . 6,798, 000 424, 000
eseeiesa chree aap oye arte tememane. atrenetas 114, 000 6, 800 Fresh. . 6, 508, 000 408, 000
Pennsylvania. .i.:s.sse2 ¢2senc03 ere deeseteeees steseneens 16, 000 3,700 Salted .. 290, 000 16, 000
WIPRIINIA jou 's Sis Snin yp eyinigeweip awd eC MioeeeRuas at Exess 183, 000 22,000 || Minnesota. - 215, 000 12, 000
WASH in etOMl sce. ssiecncciiicnGctsaigdes anuiintsaee 34 Sees Sai 85, 000 6,000 resh 188, 000 10, 000
Wisconsin....-........--.-- 112, 000 8, 200 Salted 27,000 1,500
Fresh... 110, 000 7,700 || New York 20, 000 1, 400
Smoked 2,500 BOO |) OW... occa espera due ele (5)
All other states} 37,000 2,000 || Pennsylvania 700 (5)
Wisconsin.......-....... 4,710, 000 340, 000
Fresh. . 4,675, 000 339, 000
8, 555, 000 215,000 Balted..--. 2. - 22-22-0220 eee eee e eee reece eee 36, 000 1,300
Pres hivehaservonsrane Marae 2haloua saat abo saad 8, 199, 000 208, 000 WHITE! BASS: ‘
Salted cccscs savseexcnacness vader nereds ae ee 356, 000 y Wimibe dus taites js 2isixiseike 2/2.srosiat oie eave ey rites et 265, 000 13, 000
AAD aa je 2.2 vcieesenas pve os teeeetinne setae esate 80, 000 4,600 || Arkansas
Connecticut 66, 000 3,000 Mig aiatiss He ae i ma
Tilinois.... 281,000 6,400 || Ohio. ..... 2.2... 172,000 8) 200
i 21 1,100 6 i i
DIN GID Dopo. costed eke Secjesah ns Gina, seers nieioaeee SEaeeemway Sebenee , 000 , 10 All ofiar states 39, 000 1,600
1TIncludes Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Kansas, Massachusetts, South
Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
2 Ineludes ‘Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South
Dakota, and Virginia.
3 Includes Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, and
Virginia.
4 Less than 100 pounds.
5 Less than $100.
§ Includes linois, Indiana, lowa, New York, Pennsylvania,
Wisconsin.
Tennessee, and
TaBLe 56.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
Quantity uanti
SPECIES AND STATE. (pounds). Value. SPECIES AND STATE. oe aed Value.
WHITEFISH. CRABS, HARD.
United) States iis 2c ois 36.55 weisasncd ocean a saveteemreee
‘ ve 7, 72, 000 $524, 000 Wnited States: occas cowasasnaed docsuceniogacdinenses 42,612,000 $553, 000
POST cdc aceek eta seins teiseaentie aatecleaeeltg steal
Balted 7, 366, 000 | 507,000 | Alabama 246, 000 6,100
42, 000 17,000 4
15”000 1300 || California 1,702, 600 69, 000
i m Tees: Skane Nebaansauat! seamen ceva? 57,000 600
14, 000 god || PAPHOS ces eax ovat esas crawraneneias VeRERE 148,000 2,900
52,000 5,000 || Georgia........ 2.2.0.2... eee eee eee 196, 000 7, 500
4,772, 000 339, 000 POO IIG covinack seeaeb weer eitesdeacend 2+ hese 244,000 7,800
4, 490, 000 323, 000 PETRI i vs nce nitem a SaeaDaaimins ea bteweun 12,786, 000 124,000
270,000 15,000 || Massachusetts............. 00.2.0... eee eee ee 21, 000 , 400
13, 000 1) 200 || Mississippi.......... 2-00. 02-.s eee seeeeeeeeeeee 380, 000 9; 800
242, 000 11,000 || New Jersey... ..2--.-.2-.2-se cesses eee eee eee 282" 000 9) 100
241, 000 i1 000 || New York. ........ 0.0.2.2 eee 580, 000 7,400
1) 000 100 aoe Catling sacxzccn2mx ox eeeeeeniaesaraiees see 113,000 is i
179, 000 15,000 PASO ws aga pexetedniie 1 a nnnttadnanen enensinn 200, 000 6,91
hi 732; 000 60,000 || Rhode Island. ............. 0... -ee eee eee eee 146, 000 2/900
Pennsylvania... 220.2200. o sce e cece cece cece eee eeeneeee 455,000 37,000 || South Carolina...........2..0.. 0.22 sees 33, 000 900
Wisconsin......-.......... 1, 274, 000 56, 000 IB ORAS Ea: 3,2 2estinfcieats niete trate seintineied Seas SeSE 199, 000 4,800
Fresh. .. 1, 202,000 55, 000 WAPBiM «oie crenvinetsrea SaSeEStmeeE'e pRET COR 23,001, 000 239,000
palled. 71, 000 1,500 || Washington............ 222.222.2022 eee eee e eee eee eee 2/179, 000 , 000
TOL x cjersccarse:sisinvsrencesresaty nisisisin oecicintgedi sighs orale lsietslamitee 100
1,900 CRABS, SOFT.
WHITING AND KINGFISH :
United: Statesinc save ccesecmce pee soxresaseexedeaee 10, 301, 000 359, 000
United States... 22.2... 22. cence cece cece eens 1,614, 000 78,000 D
; t GLA WAG. co ccs semi caitiy tie mt tatichnssine Lica am scimicieeenistaeials 142, 000 8,400
5) 5 se OE EE ARERR ET 230, 000 8,600 || Louisiana................2- 22-022 eee eee 78,000 21,000
Georgia. -.-.-.2. 20.0. 98, 000 9,400 || MBPVIBNG o-vrennerseesersandeesadivoneees 5 OE Oo ste
ew Jersey 25,000 OSS ACTS UGS ys pcre ie die wait staicranterase kaise sierad .
New York............-- 34, 000 47,000 5,600
North Carolina 817,000 63, 000 6,200
South Carolina 274,000 22,000 2,300
rao mi ewiaisenieer 9/900 winctietinica 277,000 33, 000
Se seenwialtcn ie 95, 000 sectetseeeeeee sees 600 200
92,000.| 1,200 || WABI aan .pcensnasaraceeussce/ speaasvecusasaenencess 2,082, 000 87, 000
CRABS, KING.
253, 000 18,000 United States .22.2.c0.43ccc2ca dedeoaneesteaotacemenns 7,643, 000 23,000
REA HES IAeR RE te ZAGlaceeed SH Aiea T chen eaeneawes 1,100 () Delaware ociasens aaneca cemcamccctecenmame se sereuees 2,980, 000 4,300
170,000 14,000 | New Jersey. 4;.607, 000 18, 000
7 we 3, ao New York 56, 000 100
OTHER FISH. CRABS, STONE.
Ubiited Stables ocwccui aes cceceness comcinmnscamende 4, 522,000 101, 000 TinitOd GAT es cmc a6 vc os tdenmet ary vompuwemauss 62,000 3,700
California: <2: e2esecexs veewensts Seeeences eeeaeenaset ered 2,372,000 45,000. || RIOTiGG cc c.cccec oc ecc nc emcceas coca ne
Connecticut... ) °7"32"009 ie (| aA eee a ae tate ends cer 825000 35100
Florida Sea syns 366, 000 18,000 CRAWFISH
riche eae hiacaibed ps ne 5, es
aryland..... 5, Bs Wi ted States 6 bo codes gd Sea dee Ste ewiadcieompee Sed 1
Massachusetts. 599, 000 8,000 deal sta
New York.... 242,000 5: 8009! Aouisian eae. <eaeaome states Meee eet eet eAimonre ane 88, 000 3, 600
Fiectiaeben 660,000 157000 || Wigonein: 348, 000 11000
spew ane : isconsin 348, 000 14
All other states 8... cccmcweu: goyerecet sneacacicienerienions 60, 000 1,600 ee
CAVIAR.
United: Statessccsc ss; esedewens teeseweesns seseceees 217,000 95,000 United Statesnicck os coogeccsuseseessersdesense veces 15, 279, 000 1, 931, 000
AP KADSAS §.o8.2°5 2.2% diac jshawliawsue catieeetoheneeaacce ee 800 200')|| Conn ectich tion sseceeaae vies Sergeant: ex sbeoteeies Lesa 661, 000 84, 000
Delaware. ...-..-.-------+-- 222220 ee eee eee 3,100 3.900 |) Delaware... 5, 500 800
Plorida..-...-...-----sceeeeeeeeereeeeee eee 135, 000 16,000 || Maine.......... 9,929, 000 1, 269, 000
Tllinois , 300 800 || Massachusetts... . 2,455, 000 307, 000
Iowa.....- 8,600 5,300 || New Hampshire. - 264, 000 43, 000
Louisiana 5, 500 4,400 || New Jersey.....-..--------+------ 115, 000 16, 000
Maryland. as 8,100 11,000 |} New York. 423,000 57, 000
ae Wed REESE PERO EA ERMERO KGET EYES EES Hei raced Rhode Island. - . 1, 425, 000 152, 000
WEISNWOL. oo.u5 cseansxnrieeens sas taneuns i :
oe Lig gop dibsk i teasish “sheen captain eres 2 oD 1 on SPINY LOBSTERS.
GW. WOM acohs cranes acenmeuting seme 5
Pennsylvania.........0.2..ss sess s ees, 500 ”500 United States. uc eset ini area 626, 000 71,000
MON eCSSCOsz.cccn= Vesta aeiosde smn to ndoaceais 3,200 700
ORAS. «siden ores peace seuRP aC mine a Medede 700 700): Galiionnta -cweersawceene ue vaeaciaenews weontawemeens tranny 573, 000 69, 000
Via pili dtas Reaeinisek s RomMNC TT 8a BARE 22, ae 27, ue PIG. cain ccnheueas Secne Sh Un Eat Bia kis naan 53, 000 , 600
TSCORS oops vewrawcsie oeienmisena sens ie
Alltother states “vcs scce2 wxcrceciee eccsieenie we stele sn etieciare wa 2,000 1,200 SHRIMP AND PRAWN.
EROGS Wmitéed Statesssc224. dear cnantendasccd saoaaneaenss 19,080, 000 494, 000
United States ...-- cs 2053 exoesseer yee veeretecene 259, 000 42,000
Alabama... .. 22-2... e sees cece cece reece cece eeees 37,000 1, 200
Arkansascccc saccasacaue lcd sen tones wee Te TEESE SE 27,000 4,000 |) Caltforttia. 000 <csscmnwee 258, 000 31, 000
Delaware. 2.c.cisc as sexu $e naires t siemens ze 1,900 700 || Florida.........-------- 4,353, 000 92, 000
TUNING IS) oe, forces: soe senrcinye vee e oee eet 25,000 6,800 || Georgia. . 1.00. +2.+ +00. 528, 000 19,000
TOWaA: sa Seem cagease cena: cneeeties aenes 2,500 300 |} Louisiana......- 8, 581, 000 213, 000
VOUS ANA nsscses sepee mans soweewunns sexteainn 38, 000 4,500 |} Massachusetts - - 5, 800 1,300
Maryland... 52cnees vaseeeess eee 1,000 500 |! Mississippi...... 4,121, 000 81,000
Mint GSOt8 5 2. <cco-sscerasioe es eee PSE RRR 66,000 7,900 || New Jersey.....-------- 4,900 1,000
MUSSOUM esse ce nieencareeeceissnediaawsis RAGES 67,000 11,000 || New York.........----- 1,500 600
North Carolingeccs cccaenses ssnneanwe seas 5,400 900 || North Carolina.......... 371, 000 9,000
NG cxcnt xncnieome vais aes Seanlaade ee bwaE 4,000 600 || South Carolina........-- 452, 000 i
Tennesse 5,000 1,000 || Tennessee .......--..- 1,700 200
Virginia... 3,000 7O0::|| TeXASie 2.2202 ects 118, 000 4, 400
"WASCODSIM eyes jecs eaeneciapsaid rerersiotans nataictetiondie’s 14,000 2,600 |! Washington 247,000 22,000
1 Includes Alabama, Delaware, Maryland, Mississippt, and Rhode Island.
2 Less than $100.
8 Includes Alabama, Indiana, Tllinois, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi,
New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas, and Virginia.
4 Includes Indiana, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
Quantity uantity 5
SPECIES AND STATE. (pounds). Value. SPECIES AND STATE. a ounds). Vaiue.
ABALONE. OYSTERS—continued.
Uribe Slates c2.2 2. ccisassadaciaiigge because 1, 005, 000 $16,000 |} Maryland 43,624,000 | $2,228,000
eaNeeee 5 arket... 40, 811, 000 2,127,000
@aliformians 29 544s4.-6cceasastenaeee we auaess omen aneaeuet 1, 005, 000 16, 000 From public areas 39,718,000 | 2,041,000
as 4 as Dovel AM CAS: vier seus tu relatos 1, Oe 000 a as
MS, HARD. eed, from public areas ...-...........- 2,812, 0
United States........ 2... .eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 7,805,000 | 1,317,000 Massachusetts strc eceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1, 084, ad 218, Hod
CTT Ti REE ERIE DOC IC ERIE REE ER Cee PARE 132, 000 4,500 From public areas....2.1.202222 2222 90 900
Connecticut......00....0. JJ. 100, 000 20, 000 Se A. sss mctnsatereon 858,000 eae
Del: ee eid aetaces os ed otew dat eo ncaa COU 2% eaicireic ia eerediaynmadoceleeirvedacesilb 21
Floviae Baise P ec tannam sais DapasatecGe i apacitsssste 2 6 ano 1.300 From public areas..................-- 43,000 3, 100
Georgi ee 000 AP O00 From private areas 173,000 12,000
Toe a 94500 || Mississippi, market... FY ncmennerhonacee 7,473,000 | 295,000
Maryland....... 82, 000 16, 000 From public areas..............2.-.-2++-- , 423, 000 292, 000
Massachusetts............... 1,119, 000 1897 000 From private areas_..............--2--2-- 50, 000 3, 800
Ne w.lersey ica cere eeenete den pet auuec un emasgecmar 2’ 184’ 000 318000 || (NCW JeIS€Y cnceeccereasenscecsece-oacaeeyeese 18,105,000 | 1,369,000
Now Vorks,. ccscravssusmsaaccssniswesaaeasenussueeys ” 809° 000 223, 000 Market....... Actinic nennaatnn nine fie dere 6, 437, 00 84, 000
North Carolina... ccseesa tien ieenreegasiiee geedeesers. 726, 000 82, 000 From public areas............-.----+- 107, 000 12,000
OLesON Eo ccucpceciaes daucsanencbe cb oseaee eyendenicnes 7 100 From private areas...........--+----- 6, 330, 000 872, 000
Rhode Island..............0s2s0e0sececeeeeeceeeeeeeeee 162, 000 39, 000 Seed ......... sigs ceuac Mei reer emeaant cee 11, 668, 000 485, 000
South Carolina... 222.222.2222: 76, 000 6,300 From public areas. 5,402, 236, 000
Virginia... es itesieteee re rceecccreces neers 1,969, 000 280, 000:|| soccer Date aes PY A MR
ashingtons «cis ca(nssinememes senda ateeGaes edeneeeee 155,000} — 13, 000 |) “**%) FORK -----
8 000 13, 000 Market. 12/946,000 | 2,173, 000
barons Re fir pate one 703,000 | 2,158 000
TRH SPREE, ep cco cata conc 8,654,000 | 553,000] Seed. ve ¥2 298000 | ~”3817 000
From public areas.............-..---- 628, 01 45,000
468, oO 2 ane Seciie aun private areas.................-- 3,670,000 336,000
, 0
5,061,000] 251,000 || Market... ee REO 7573000 | 227° 000
1,916, 000 186, 000 From public areas...........-....-.-- 5, 209, 000 220, 000
205, 000 11,000 From private areas...........-.-.---- 66, 000 300
656, 000 54, 000 OOO as scissor ae ilu sae greece Cee a 415, 000 8,800
30, 000 2,000 From public areas... 2.111.121.2200... 401, 000 8,500
275, 000 38, 000 ‘ From private areas.............-.---- 14, 000 300
e
CLAMS, RAZOR. rea ? a 200
United States 2 scconieee ae siawaumedace suas 259, 000 25, 000 oo Lee OTCAS cops sis, sae pe OTE SEE Es ay , a
Tivate areas.........----------
AL ASSHSTTISOLSS Mie iae dee wat cea et ores ore | 24, 000 3, 600 Seed, from public areas... 111.1..-......- 1,800 200
Washing bom rer cetaceans isinislarte oer aiostettaclaltve ais 234, 000 22,000 || Penmsylvania................22..2..-22--222 2 1,938, 000 176,000
Market, from private areas. ...........-.-- 06, 134,000
CLAMS, SURF. — eee public areas...............-.+- 1 He 000
3 OGG TSI AN Gioia sonora nie dic te emccidsineeews one 8,602, 000 969, 000
United States....-.-----+- 1-1-2 eeeseeeeeeeeeee ees 265, 000 21, 000 Market, from private areas.._............- 8,564,000 967, 000
COU. o ceresae cucieseaine.s bare dan goa sense seats 38, 000 2,500
New Jersey. ...-------------- +2222 eee certs eects eeee es 99, 000 7,000 From public areas. : 21; 000 1,500
New York. ...-..----+-2+2-2+eeeeee ee eerece eter eeeeee es 167, 000 14, 000 From private areas...........-...--- 18, 000 1,000
South Carolina, market...................-- 10, 942, 000 137,000
OYSTERS. From public areas... 10, 331, 000 129, 000
United States.......0.0.0200.ececeeeecec cence eee 283, 309,000 | 15,713,000 || ae private areas.....22 221 ...0.0.-- 4 O10 000 8,000
ES sis es feve race tanith he ipsa tj acayenalesniccSin sini ies 481 168, 000
MarkOtse ccesceesse eee Ree 178, 293,000 | 12,721, 000 ‘ 3,428, 000 167,000
From public are 103,641,000} 4,416, 000 From public areas..........-..--.-- 3,404, 000 166, 000
4 pte private areas.. 74, 652, 000 8 305, 000 é a om pee BIER as ox Paces serene 24,000 1,200
C1 ei aca 55, 016, 000 992, 000 _ Seed, from public areas. . 52,000 600
From public areas...........-..s-s-2- 00. 267960,000 | 1,035;000 || Virginia. ...... 35,525,000 | 2,348, 000
From private areas........--.----------+++ 28,056,000} 1,957,000 Market. uae ab 705,000 | 1,967,000
rom pu _ |, 581, 000 645, 000
Alabama. . J ee Mi ian pact ection tee Rue esd 4 132, 00 173, 000 seed ™™ private areas... 3 16, 1247000 | 1,322 000
ALO be iojsisic, sci dycecassieleicid sings eect uate apes ee iseel 5000} 169,000 |} SCG. s. nae sreesrss sexes vereeeeees 820, 000 81, 000
From public areas-......+....s.s.s.sssesessee 3, 314, 000 132) 000 From public areas................-- 9, 252, 000 357,000
From private areas... 440, 000 37, 000 From private areas.............-.-- 568, 000 "000
Seed, from public areas.........-. 378, 000 4,100 || Washington. .......2....0.0222 2222 e eee ee 1, 425,000 352,000
California, market, from private areas . 729, 000 337, 000 Market, from private areas.............. Z 1,321, 000 346, 000
Senet ssietiggatwcidcinsmatenbitwammtes 27, 636, ne 2, aoe oe Seed, from private areas..................22.22222-. 104, 000 6,500
ATC wee cx dace cesses sete enu 9,762, 0 1
Ero. Ps 2 eitarer as ot 000 33? SCALLOPS AND SCALLOP RIMS.
rivate areas......-.-- ’ 7 ee 7
BOG ne canes 17,874,000 1,415, 000 nike d S tatess.. oo oe so See viens otnacensenadcene. 2,4:
From public areas. . 1,478, 000 "99, 000 Saaltals “ee
From private areas... -| 16,396,000 | 1,317,000 || Florida............ 2222... 2 ool eee 4 100
DOlAWALC. ... ccacieruvuencawaddeteccces a 2,434, 000 169,000 || Maine...._..... 1, 257,000 96, 000
Maree tases. ce snare sere s 1, 082, 000 112,000 |} Massachusetts . "502, 000 1207000
From public areas. . 177, 000 40,000 || New York..... 650,000 000
From private areas... 905, 000 102,000 |} Rhode Island. . 4,000 600
Bead ce pccanive se yderiier 1,352, 000 57, 000 Ill Wa BRD ee csn,apckive chcenaes eoemaeth pea Garena ee rca 197000 2, 400
prom public areas. . i, a 000 oy a , .
‘rom private areas... 49, 0 coc
Florida, market. .-3 02.0000 000000070 7,487,000 | 298, 009 Cnet: TNs Ne CONCH:
rom public areas.............-..---- 7,32 10 284 United States......
a ktom Private areas 0000000000000 re 141,000 327000 PES cei aie eran aatiaeed 2 146,000 355000
OOTP IA. ee sete tare tce tease haearoaeee. , 214, 000 3 Florida....................
T0.0s0nd | ~ sate ll Sousa ee ee oe ee
zr pil Hae | BEGG | Hamachi 10083 | a
rom private areas. - de Island............ :
SBOE Cees tec Poet a ake "161,000 4; 600 OUR ASIANA. o- ueedtrenncise Otace sad Het edt heeaas tt 1,500 200
From public areas... -.....-...-.. 63, 000 1,800 ,
From private areas.............--- 98, 000 2} 800 f MUSSELS:
Totiisiana 25,553, 000 763, 000 United States i2..c0.4scccseesscsetanenstcuseecaine 8, 542,000 12,000
Market 20,762, 000 675, 000 F F
From public areas............-.------ 13, 363, 000 341,000 || California... 68, 000 1,600
From private areas............-------- 7,399, 000 334,000 || Connecticut... 7, 200 200
OCG a 2rpeh hee ctearc doticlns en Seantecacityettoake atcrebces 4,791, 000 88,000 |} Massachusetts . 1,100 100
From public areas... ......-.--------+-- 4,091,000 82,000 || New Jersey... . 287,000 1,400
From private areas 700, 000 6,200 || New York... 8,175,000 8, 200
Maine, market, from public areas .........-----------++- 1,000 200 || Rhode Island............. Data Qecnadenenvdresensmcasisr se 3; 100
1 Less than $100.
Taste 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES:
PRODUCTS.
1908—Continued.
43
Quantity
Quantity
SPECIES AND STATE. (pounds). Value. SPECIES AND STATE. (pounds): Value.
MUSSEL SHELLS. SKINS, SEAL,
United States 81,869, 000 $392, 000 United States ing ¢.ccacncsaccarvdeavess omeaceeesenes 3,100 $8, 200
Arkansas 8, 060, 000 42;,000' |) Connecticut «222.22 seccgen: coasts erarcecindsiec dcamnesee! 1,400 6,000
cerca * 5,403, an 5, a Sit rusts iw ra eaenoccanir no venedkathunse sales ter meeGues 1,600 2,200
1ois..... 39, 809 184, 0
Tadinne: 14, 431, 000 81, 000 HIDES, ALLIGATOR.
vaeeces, 4
Rewiney 3,413, 000 18,000 United States. ........ 20... 20 cceccee vee eeeeee eee 372,000 61,000
ichigan... . 00, 000 800
meee 7 8 RO etc
. , a ?
Ohio..... 1,597, 000 @)
Tennessee. . 2,170, 000 7,000 1,400
Wisconsin 1, 150, 000
HIDES, PORPOISE,
OTHER SHELLS.
Umited States. ges sc ccciraiecsintanaatees ten eadedaaes 48.000 1,000
United ‘States... is dcscawse scenenes etioracats gees 2, 000 A
Ses Bia00 Il nrortti Carolina’. co <a eelsesdedet ie vedaenlaashioeis., 48,000 1,000
OOD 5 oe vse acny sequni es Padua oonade DaSaemnaa danke 951,000 1
WOT Ga = orks secon chieee etn ee hee yt ce as ee cso ‘ "300 17300 SKINS, MINK.
United States ions. onc cect o ee cutneceeccwsccuad 22,000 89,000
PEARLS AND SLUGS.
? MWHGIS 2.32.2 dnote Oe rets eo vacaeannes PE Aiaeorsewahaeeed 1,900 6,000
United States $300,000 |] Louisiana. 20,000 77,000
Minnesota... 200 1,100
28,000 |) Missouri................2.-.-- 400 3,100
170,000 || All other states 3 300 1,700
74,000
11,000 SKINS, MUSKRAT.
1,900
oi United Statesas s.sseeces sae sey taawesischacsveosend 149,000 136,000
800 ||) TWO C A Bcs ca encivinnsne tne kanieimbbine beeGiecananehwaeaiad 22,000 24,000
Be RN a wae s cececcc sr aainain wa rtaice sls Siiate yd Ooenansiaaieea Melama wn 000 14,000
SA OOr | LOW. Beas dynsms che Giecehzrcke cases icinugloe Saitiecislele 2 ga eeciciacciasa nausea 1,400 800
IGONMIS TAT ess = ci ciscic ec ectageacvs, Ua Wey Rens peves races cede ccianseese cen dolores 40,000 16,000
Hoag MRO ANN aMe esha me eMienens SEEMS caus Demag 38, one 50, a
i ICHI PAN. vi cprctetanc waned nrdowanka laine Secure aleiecdsanis 301
; DOG SS, ctadeuacccee eerie etevenarnsces 2,562,000 43,000 Minn 1 SC Le ERASE SURREAL 1,700 Rt 200
i issouri 9,800
Scie! i aa Rng GA SIE EAR TS SCARE | Uooo * 400 || New Jersey 3,000 "300
Maine............... 6,100 (Q) New York 100 ¢)
Maryland. ...... 6,900 200 || North Caro 500 800
Massachusetts. - 1,837,000 20,000 |} Ohio. 14,000 14,000
New Jersey 100,000 3,100 Virgi ip Sieer is. Ped eae i aes reine Ree UER ey eA ER 300 300
New York... 2.2... 189,000 8,100 || Ye ISCONS Dic ncsecexcaes saanederar a arasesteter es Taeases 1,000 600
Rhode Island 292,000 6,600 SKINS, OTTER.
United Statesiscccccocssawncsessstaecesaweevesgecnd 7,600 30,000
368,000 80, 000 Florida PRA ERR A TEEN HERE ARRAY NLC ANTS AAAT SERRE TA 5,700 21,000
reorgia. .. 700 3,600
45400 300 || Touisiana...........s..seeeeee, ae 100 4, 700
3
Louisiana. ........ 63, 000 215, 000
Maryland.......-.
MissaPe! See eneee 2, on 119, on
ASOOUEL « vaxdew ene 7
New Jersey......- 30,000 89, 000
North Carolina... .. 200 300
pa Carolina. .
ORAS <awcieiae ene:
Vi tPitlld ss. cases ccesicuceiesde ied Sueuaiscan ocneiete 657, 000 7, 400
IM Aine e6 eae oA ays et Ae ae ner acs raee 52, 000 500
: TURTLES, Massachusetts. socpeceorwascancan soctesmenaseeerasanas 2 605,000 6,900
United States: :/..cc.oycgeiceet wake ae 1,088,000 40,000 SSDS
Galignhia poe ee eee 38,000 1,300 United States........-.- 01.2. - ss esse eeeeeeee eee 96, 000 4,100
Delaware..... f 0
Florida......... 163,009 11}000 Fresh.......+-+2+---002+-e-eresevereeesereeeees #3000 so
Illinois.........- “oe 000 8, 109 8 0
TOW esses <ic20 00
Louisiana. 2.121 215, 000 7,800 Sas i
Maine. eet Pd on 2) 800 100
innesota......-- ?
North Cardiina.--- 23,000 700 73, 000 3,100
Oia Sia ercieccnsinaciciersy? 3
TOKAS oc nce cciececiewie se 20,000 1,000 221, 000 9, 500
Virginia... - 24,000 500
Wisconsin.........- : 44,000 1,000 83, 000 3, 600
ANlother states? socio: seceacisn Peace SESS eR ESS AS 63,000 1,700 138, 000 5, 900
SPONGES.
29,000 3,000
United Statesyaseqcco sun house acstebenaateaeated 622,000 545,000 2 !
8,000 800
Ploridassiciabiciidctsve deena sone ee eee Gace 622,000 545,000 21,000 2,200
1 Less than $100.
2Includes Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, and New York.
3 Includes Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
4 Includes Arkansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, and Virginia.
6 Less than 100 pounds.
44 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 5.—PRODUCTS—DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908—Continued.
SPECIES AND STATE. on Value. SPECIES AND STATE. ends Value.
OIL, SEA-ELEPHANT. OIL, WHALE
Winited Sta BES ose donc cccmsesccesoeaseslsloaccsecec. 88,000 33, 600 United States: ccescwisesa ste cescavencvsasseeunen' 573, 000 $30, 000
CalMORO ie he no's i3 Ge oe sales acs ote naciciicceimineneclsane ees 13, 000 900
Conneticut s,s cownstienua ae teens eonem cs eneeneecmnesing 88, 000 3, 600 Massachusetts. 553, 000 28, no
OIL, SEAL North Carolina........2....22.22-222--22-5 7,5
UNITE States acc cose soa teke ndadeas eaeaolacinee see 4,000 400
Maine? scm S nae abide ot ye Sa tetdaatet eee hee ces 4,000 400 772, 000 26, 000
OIL, SPERM. 737, 000 orn
UNITE GIS ta e852 2 assicte cissin stone cndeciedacednens 3,391, 000 252,000 35, 000
California 169, 000 12, 000
Connecticut 280, 000 20, 000 United Bittetn.. ccscwcrscevassenas senmemease en oer 252, 000 1,700
Florida 28, 000 1, 900
Massachusetts 2,913, 000 218: 000) ll Mar Plat sees es veneccrconenhrenyartednnateme sea eva eae yee vuneield wie djeialzie 252, 000 1,700
TaBLteE 6.—PRODUCTS, BY APPARATUS OF CAPTURE AND BY STATES: 1908.
| FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE. 6 KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE. Guandit
uantity uantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Nalue
FYKE AND HOOP NETS. POUND NETS, TRAP NETS, AND WEIRS.
Writed :Statess,cosuselsnadsis cee easier 38,050,000 | $1,218,000 United: Statest c.nc je sx cevcens oerosece aes 314,031,000 | $5,641,000
Alab 8s ciccscanausicee veveweabeeusehd resitiecekeece seews 386,000 245000'))|| APR ANSAS « o2csie daccitGien Mini daa emia geRoesigaaes cideeeisres 275,000 7,100
ATR ONGOS s cio ace-cceis. is pistes d £ Med cies iepnigietee rea eee 2, 286,000 53,000 || Connecticut..........-..-2-22222-2-222---- 1,629,000 000
California oo c.32ccc523 sa hctccce 1,218,000 62,000 || Delaware........-..-.-...0-2.200 22.2 ee eee 11,000 400
Connecticut................... 112,000 5,000 || Florida... 295,000 18,000
DCIA WATE: 5 cio inyaicinisinselace dtcaincsizuade 165,000 7,300 || Georgia 277,000 14,000
POPPE: 5.212 cig tinieyrewarosmeoageas 4,000 300 || Illinois 32,000 1,200
GOOLBIAy 2 ov essyvwenun seeersdoree 8,600 400 || Indiana 293,000 18,000
inois 11,370,000 330,000 || Iowa..... 321,000 11,000
Indiana 284,000 16,000: || Dowisiana..« ccs s seve cscesws weneseven avewees 36,000 800
Towa... 625,000 30,000 DING: ccjccx.ceess vexeseesaers Peeeeec esa sasindens 69, 621,000 357,000
Kentuc. 1,122,000 47,0001) Maryland « oscess2 scensecatezcteceetens es pediee 27,105,000 321,000
Louisiana. 1,758,000 32,000 || Massachusetts......-.......-..-2-----2---2---- 18,641,000 266,000
Maryland |. eccjvcoueracapeeteueseens sey aeeceresarns See 769,000 39,000 || Michigan..............-..0.02. 2022-22 eee eee eee 19, 299,000 550, 000
Massachusebtses cccccisinee sagsieaemesd VeEeeeameninse See el 52,000 2,200 || Minnesota..........--.... 02.222 eee eee ee eee ee 1,198,000 44,000
Michigans saoyjemaacscn cars testi eanieesosnisweukmncasaeac 2,556, 000 94,000 Mississippi. iatare vig alaardver sa porers ube eata tesla ee cand ,000 1,200
MANTICSO (A: oii icide tins oceminctaiias new canine mauicied taku 51,000 S00]| MASSOUTL oon ascmetsncetansiast seaeienke eee ese 26,000 1,100
MUSSISSI DOL 2, 2:421c-aysseicinsz bine Side Gawianise Is Mitonoe teal wadooue 1,766,000 40,000: || New Jersey sc ciaocins ts mcwuiste serarcauiew sae eece 30, 285, 000 539,000
MiASSOUTE cis uid ciecimescine’s oboe heme as Meee eieaar weeaws 2,538,000 88,000) || New. Mink s:s:cicaseicis oe crecimeisivarciedta sina staie ssitisioine 11,006,000 417,000
NeW. JOVge Y=. ce eincchijax 23Ge2o eu @eee tee ReaaueTs tease 449,000 22,000 |! North Carolina. .................22-0-20eeceeee 14, 040,000 391,000
New. YOrk : 2 seiscsesit pevneumeatee saecacemewenane sone eed 2,951,000 86, 000 HO. semetnncmse oe oneciy icine nomaieetauh es ements 9,783,000 308, 000
Norby Carolina. 5 c:cc:cjei sia asincireeciastsis naiianaaioarinna s ciaaidee 31,000 8600'|| Oregon sce sjcc2 02 sexes cages aeedtosewaes Yess 353,000 18,000
WO :scrscaies vie ASeiernateia ih sla mtmusine daealesemes va aleve 1,714,000 51,000 || Pennsylvania...............-.2-22.0..2-.0--0- 322,000 13,000
ORCR ON. Sie cperecittenis werner on aiels Lape Te eae 201,000 9,000 || Rhode Island.....................-.2 22 cece eee 19, 406, 000 388,000
PennsylVaMa:. « . <snies cgucsararedns se yek tose rwanead gees 5,300 BOO! I SMENNCSSCOY aie soscs wi a ees a chains G8 eatetisie’ ee dew Seve 74,000 ,400
Rhode Island's: veces sess peveagesGes eS oscseeisins Seana se 241,000 53800! || MATIN. opie oa:s cassiicaien tine tatiewedes Meda waRe 52, 560,000 833,000
"Tennessee. es vaya SoA cecmkaeariaieeaswenenies oes ines 1,159,000 45,000 || Washington...............02. 002s e eee eee eee 28,860, 000 868,000
TMOG cesses cicioys craints v/ececeedavucas aie 28 Bass chanaese Rianeieinsld, daiaiecesae 72,000 2,000! || WASCOMNSIN ccc 4 seer tenes tieeied cinarsize sieeeaicre 8,089, 000 208,000
WAT Ure aj ccj5.5 cicsesepeeshtstead si esreyaaanciss lands Gepeeinenee sees 1,279,000 47,000: || All other statesies cis csi ovcmaeeatinaitmes acasaccieis le caiaciereinie 129,000 2,200
"WASCODSUING isi scaicle. Suis ate S dard oder apne seninulaledainadiereted 2,449,000 54,000
AMMOGH er Stes ia. dic.ctipois cadwlenedeueaeateeecnakemiahehoas 229,000 15,000 SEINES.
Umited Sta tes\. occ oncuccesemnet Mmwemesaisiee tein 573, 405, 000 5, 999, 000
AQ DAM A. scenes Sasa evmaies scnyecieaaacnn Series ai sila toed 150, 000 4,400
anes Fr saimmiaiciemaccennts 692,000 21,000
ont, NETS. Connecticut. SEEN ees 29,308,000 | {16.000
UHIteS fa te8 a. cccscaseenieeaninacx cae ncmines cade 181, 224,000 7,536, 000 pearer essen iidefers Hie eevenbeises Suen barns gee 1S 64,091,000 219, 000
OPIDS satonujsteisatusts e arecate acted aes ae ale areas SiStiucle 20, 400, 000 606,000
Alabina tnslomee ce hitesee ee Ris JCEM Meno a 35,000 1/2000)| Georgia tecececaseas so scccues ya sadbanenais anes d "549,000 38,000
Calilorittitize. otsidcancaiens tcacrae -..| 18,427,000 769000'|| TUIMOIS) oo. ccjcusssamh waa eacnile caidsomiabane ob oaeoe 15,945, 000 460,000
Connecticut. sic2ccc-n. nancies sebeecrest 180, 000 BO O01) TOBIN oo. icmnnnaw sis abe nemdadies tmoasaslee Seca 70,000 4,200
Delawarescowsare eacormnnabes 20.5558 1,075,000 85; 000'|| LOW aA ih 2 cine ad widens webbie nee Wamee erences sauna 1,877,000 68,000
WONG: seis ccecectenoevins caw eedseates 29, 803,000 1,,133;000) || SCN ICY os one 2da/ot= exe avnaies noe steer ance etclwnes 247,000 12,000
GEO TE IG aioe facie sisieysisjeersisinene Saesslacei vse: 1,721,000 213,000: || LoOUISIAN 5 2 sce seaems <memcnrracicins wasanieng semecte 12, 496,000 | 400, 000
TIMINGS. cas dani capes teach even se meee 962,000 '51,000'|| Maine: sc.ccs sexe eme'aciersiccianienss votueraaaee we sete 27,877,000 171,000
Tn diate 2s casa deinted dtecean Son tecesase 285,000 UO W BOAT OG iaie i simeaauie inv bor enum emote ee bSecelevy ao locesine 17, 983, 000 128,000
Louisiana . 2 :ccesieis science ses os caves 24,000 O00 || Massachtisettscccene cae veveenk ss ccncnamnrascdmnanee 25,397,000 806,000
pele ecetatiee tats secrete 1,404,000 56,000 |} Michigan........... Eee: pe ecas 2,051,000 55,000
bpescrntan sts taste 3,038,000 174,000 || Minnesota.......... aE iine we Seeae! 1,884: 000 53,000
dog tyr ae eee 14, 885,000 393,000 || Mississippi........... 8,118,000 108, 000
Suited Uawcinaet 13, 240, 000 715,000 |} Missouri.............. 1,915,000 68,000
stadia ceitnacacind 2,991,000 50,000 || New Jersey. . 9,649, 000 108, 000
Litiaactais chet totes 4,515,000 310,000 || New York... 18,178,000 327/000
set teett ester eee oo an vette eee eee ee TO ee 591,000
8'400,000 | 3 eee oe uit i 2.987000 | 152,000
Oregon 22,849,000] 1,076,000 || Pennsylvania.................00.00-00.0000 22 eee eee ee 722,000 22"000
Pennsylvania sewscenssaecwaeacmuss veieee 7,659,000 235,000 || Rhode Island... . 2.22.2... 0.2.2.2 2c eee eee eee 10, 648.000 40,000
Rhode Island jes ceee erences ts wastes 593.000 . 567,000 16,000
South Carolina... ges wsee secs cue anensiece 566,000 223,000 2700
TORS sc sesosettcislig nid apaininauie!saerineisie den sinter 151,000 3, 655,000 153, 068
WAITS co eae wecdnh a stadnuand ohdcoanieed Seeds 3,489, 000 191,633,000 531.000
WASHING tOM septa werner a Saueeoeanelacan 16, 262,000 14, 932/000 333,000
WiscONsiN .< ocj.02c0 ci rtcetinses xen zmmtoven ¥i vate ome 12, 481, 000 4,995,000 143,000
AM OCMEY BEBE sicisias sictsiscn simsarcisietsyoleiare aiavercsaiaraictace HelasAwrarerare 44,000 335,000 18,000
PRODUCTS.
Taste 6.—PRODUCTS, BY APPARATUS OF CAPTURE AND BY STATES: 1908—Continued.
45
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE.
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE.
Quantit Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TRAMMEL NETS. LINES (HAND, TRAWL, AND SET)—continued.
United States < ecccces decd sscvgeces seemeeceaee 15, 708, 000 $486,000 || Kentucky...... 2.200000... 22ccee cece cece cece ee eeeeees 598, 000 $30, 000
rm STOUISI ANG 55.2, ya rawic adeneserend Gideidrciounersisin naleaaieiele vinta Sew 5,329,000 203, 000
Alebama cian reteset derastual sponnitand ey eee aed 2, 271, 000 BBHOO0 || MaINe sce: ccc bane aman cee aot Wlaiam oasis cyhtaclceee 55, 287,000 953, 000
TEANSAS wi 0 ois. -oesiewevsiciegin’ Ha cineisiin's since eae eaciee 129, 000 85900 ||| Maryland occu iscc 5 mn craeensia ee bee acces aed ouamneaeees 11, 491, 000 124,000
ei o aise ern tadda ieee se ee asta. cron eS 1, 951, 000 52,000 || Massachusetts... 0.2... 200..2000.ececeecceeecceeeeeeeeee 161, 888,000 | 3,930, 000
aoe Sreveiaj ater enlists aasdlaisicliialsoareratearers 792, 000 ,000 || Michigan... 2. .....0 2.2 c cece cece cece eee e cece eeeeeeeeeee 855, 000 52,000
INOS 28 conieacaintctcwactatdiecna mee enece meee 5, 100, 000 151,000 || Minnesota... 2.2.0... 2 cece cece eee ee eee cece eeeeeeees 426, 000 22,000
OWE. orc inisiaicisicitvein aiess Cicie lenelere ap eid stein Sieeizieneestona’ 1,087,000 46,1000: || MississipPlis.es.-cc2e cccenu ns oc kiana: eeecawiaeexee: 1, 022, 000 40, 000
ence ea S wisieldies Hes ele Cemmse eae sii ntdinacnlonaa aaa 9, 600 400 || Missouri............2.0...0..220205- 70, 000 46, 000
LOUISIANS oi 2 ccscats vee vectcennin erm ceretaia cavemen ce 71, 000 5,800 || New Jersey............. sss sseee 2 8,382, 000 332, 000
Maryland 6. iacawsstarem seni eeceeseementecuen one 12, 000 1,200 || New York............00.0-.----00-- 7,752, 000 442,000
Mia C8018 aio, toy srecnccessciais Hemet eatin ajonsinazied giaie 42, 000 00 || North Carolina...................... 574, 000 21,000
Sheer Ci sGeawire Selden eimai cetsionerseina bere vneoe 1, 839, 000 i 118, 000 7, 700
MESOUNE sires nan 1, 052, 000 54,000 2, 200
QO eeeeee sees 489, 000 970, 000 49, 000
SSEC... 275, 000 600 || Rhode Island................. : 1,828, 000 55, 000
exas....... 79, 000 4,000 || South Carolina...................... 4 1, 388, 000 59, 000
Wisconsin................-... ee eee 261, 000 7,200 || Tennessee..........20202200eeeeeeee me 540, 000 32,000
All othen states inc... soae ewemamicsage epee emacs cnet 249, 000 15,000 Texas eis ge ei sintniee ee aid aeaias ieeusns anette ie pn i one
ATUL Be os axetmiaselacisicaucssisndib Sisssiaaee ai aoe 5,106, 000 0,
OTHER NETS (DIP, LIFT, CAST, ETC.). Washington......22.......02-200--0+5 -|. 35,013,000 | 1,368,000
Wisconsin.............0.00ceee eens 1,133, 000 92,000
WEIR EN a casio sinh wide enoun ean eeween 23, 582, 000 553, 000 || All other states... 2.0.0.0... 2.0... c cece cee cece eee eee e eens 314,000 13,000
ee Pavel dete conned aemeateeeceanue mesa eon . ate oi wy POTS AND TRAPS.
incensed , 739, 000 ,
moe ajaioye masareeea ae ON Hs 000 Win ted iS ta tee sce. germ oeeeraceecnnasoetesnnd od 23,979, 000 2, 589, 000
BR oes Seine 000
Georgia............. 197,000 9,400 || Alabamia.. :5 22 ss..a2cvecsatas temnenveumnrs eeeeeeenee se 107,000 6,100
Tllinois............ 35, 000 1,800 || California......................2-2------ 2,270,000 137,000
Indiana.....-..... 12, 000 900 |] Connecticut..............22.-22--22-225- 712, 000 89, 000
Louisiana......... 404, 000 33,000 || Delaware.............2022.2.2-0- eee eee 196, 000 37, 000
Maine...... 2, 422, 000 5,000 || Florida... .......2..22-222eeeeeee ee eee 522, 000 47, 000
Maryland... 2, 853, 000 63,000 || Georgia............ 0.2... e ee eee eee ee eee 5,700 4,100
Massachusetis 6, 949, 000 87,000 || Illinois..............02.0..0ceee eee ee eee 32, 000 21,000
Minnesota........ 3,100 B00? || LOW As = srrcseinvcactcnds seaciewondetmee crema 1,500 » 200
Mississippi........ 102, 000 2,700 || Louisiana..............--.-.--sssssss eee 142,000 00, 000
New Jersey......... 117, 000 LO;000 i) Maine isco cars:seactaisand caxnisneua acne nesse ste 10, 371, 000 1,291, 000
New York.......... 144, 000 9,300 |) Maryland sc. sevcciawecarcewsceant sete nents 219, 60, 000
pene Carolina 920, 000 57,000 |} Massachusetts. ......-....-.2---22--020-0- 2,830, 000 325, 000
Uiseaicmende Sed 19, 000 1,000 || Michigan...... siidneeavaiakveeesse 300 400
Pennsylvania. 4 205, 000 12,000 |) Minnesota..................----222 22s: 5, 700 2,800
South Carolina. .__ 552, 000 25,000 || Mississippi..................--.-22220-5- 38, 000 11,000
WOXO8 socio d5ic suc 251, 000 5.200: |||) MUSSOUTL. os visio sscissancscicis naicca nsowicisialg.aie cies 10, 000 15,000
Virginia. ..... 828, 000 29,000 || New Jersey...........2...2-220-022- eee 302, 000 34,000
Washington. 900, 000 125000: Ill ING Wi YORK. .3.5,52.2 crcouiseanus ccnylwarewaierd avieeceats 915, 000 95, 000
Wisconsin.......... 1,000 600 || North Carolina 244,000 6, 500
Ohio... 4,500 4,500
Oregon 359, 000 20, 000
. Pennsylvani 61, 000 5, 400
United States 3,752, 000 90,000 |] Rhode Island 1, 670, 000 163, 000
Tennessee . 1,700 200 |
Massa Ch tse tts sicjsias cutteyvnt reoeet net: ere eteremunas aetee a 2,972, 000 66,000 || Vitpinia...00. seccc exer i vewasseemsee eee stents 48, 000 2,500
Y 000 9,400 || Washington...............022.2-2--22222 25 2,179, 000 51,000
496,000 14,000 || Wisconsin...........-...--.-.2-2---2---+- 2 49, 000 15,000
15, 000 7200.\l|: ATL Other States vss 2xecccccics.ntnisainciniscace memes cesaem 284, 000 44,000
IIARPOONS, SPEARS, ETC. WHEELS AND SLIDES.
United States........... 0. ieee eee eee ee eee 7,679, 000 762, 000 United States. cas ccieedencandsetdesscelncicceeense 1,958,000 100, 000
Alla Dama soccck eae enislhecdaletesd easel da sie a eenisle 14,000 700)|| Worthy Carolinas: .o.ccekcxececideaadaniswdiwaaretemeeat 123,000 1,900
PASTICAMISAS | 35 2 =Soyosee SapetinShs& cbr aa hised winkeye Oa naee 20, 000 1,600 || Oregon... : 1,355,000 72,000
Colom Pad ssa eon et on 132, oo Washingion.. 81, 000 26,000
OTM CEI CUE crys. xicrctransiee. ns 2c ara cusses ds oie reneoerests fi
iB) E=Ti'si4) eee eg a RL Or {7H 000 2/000 DREDGES, TONGS, RAKES, ETC.
BEVOGN insane face cs2sezSseucyaiosesuesia2s tiie oieisiay ste’ cides cacuarejsuaiaiaisiclen eae 9, 000 6,100
COTE aad ih s.20 yor ete d ect se eau a Beers acces 2,200 100 United: States:..<<c:eyccsocues cea receccteeeres enters 356,990,000 | 18,772,000
Ts Zac? ay hacdecp eminence aes Satoh ae® Gra ond anna osnikes 68, 000 1,800
1 Caf Ree ae OE h SC ek ios Hts NR) EGAN ORSIEC SoHE ODIO 55, 000 Iya AIBNONG Ls, cccecuig ss cpteneneses cx rooeees eer 4, 132,000 173,000
Malin Gat ere cracacein are vstactncrsie serotonin we eereteertieso Sanne 539, 000 48,000 || Arkansas...........----------2-+-+-++--+- 8,060, 000 70,000
aM ciel AND ccs erat nczars nt eeeeceerk Betas eictetel nensrertncteseycrentias te cletabae 800 100 || California..............---.---..------ 723,000 337,000
Massachusetts......--.00.-0. 20s cece eee cece cece eee ee eeee 5, 262, 000 465, 00U |} Connecticut..........-...-.-.--+-.---- 33,189,000 2,614,000
Michigan ta na aaa led pthc ds chante 100, 000 5,800 || Delaware... 222c..2200220cseees senses 2,441,000 170,000
MININCSO tA errs sesesegaces ciara hekreak ah wa eteaes tanto 46, 000 1,600 || Word asceesinne ceca smetece tages teaavses 7, 506.000 304, 000
MiSSISS PD eso cpesoseserccaie etyeqistens naieiaidaiasinse/sisiaie digas eaten 28,000 1,500! || GeOtgid so ssc vensiceramsswaeesvesa mentale 10, 257,000 348,000
IM TSSO UD ilase icc. Gicin tthe ens asta eae, eteteiskenass seietsinu keep sisi 22, 000 8,600) |) TAMMOIS cis. c:: crncrnscss seeeccineautns nis aceite 39, 809, 000 355, 000
PU ETE ae sesin scans 04 tH SGE Sedna cwunuens aad-aie 9,200 S00!) TNd1SNG i. yncvon wins ett erreee ee ee 14, 431,000 155,000
BE ae oc acd ccuuen sno esc eee bee when ead 108, 000 8,800) || Towa..o...): ssexcwaness vex ceeeieys coseag en 4,699, 000 44,000
North Carolin: 51, 000 S800 | BCT E Farge oncom eek Recension aRSEMIRS 3,413, 000 20,000
Nik cao slaadoxtn honsheamconmieds 9, 200 B00 |) CaS LATS occ cmose winsome ab seiiatn 25,553, 000 763,000
Pennsylvania............-.... 6, 000 500! || MAUI Capa. creo iaimoanieaturebesns Rake ance 6.310, 000 347,000
Rhode Island................. 325, 000 W000 Maryland occ ccm aseines saneemdn ene ates 50, 250,000 | 2,393,000
South Carolina.....°_ || ........... ss sees ee eee cess eee 3,900 200 |] Massachusetts. 5, 363, 000 741,000
OY GEM oc och cg chine decease secrciasercnes waynes Pak 64,000 2,600 || Michigan 200, 000 800
OE os op lh, ek 2 cia AAA de he ees bce esting ea 31, 000 1,700 || Minnesot: 743,000 8,300
WASCOUSID 6.5.44.snses mene sieaciumanharemsaneueccosmanasats 25, 000 1,000 Mississipp : 7, pe ae 900
ISSOUT a: tn-xexhGudewsareeececae ses teerene :
LINES (HAND, TRAWL, AND SET). New Jersey's acxsnieceuge sarcwsedasneeettey 21,049,000) 1,703,000
INGW YOU jcc Sheen ees eeecee nec 27,749,000 2,954,000
Wnited 'S tates nce s aeesieehs peewee ak ecnk eed 343,960,000 | 9,360,000 per Carolinas. cious ds letc mane? Featess 5,907,000 ees 000
10a a sniemurgay naintaucchd deheacnieuetn oases? , 597, f
Alabama aie vk wise 2s odoncsiieaacinaeceeeesnes eueeeuese 3,553, 000 120,000 || Oregon........------ 2200+ sete eee ee eee cece 58,000 7,
Arkansas. . 1,081, 000 48,000 || Pennsylvania............------+-++++-++-++- 1,938, 000 176,000
California. . 8, 136, 000 212,000 || Rhode Island................-2---0-----e 0+ 8,767,000 | 1,008, 000
Connecticut... 1,100, 000 41,000 || South Carolina............-..-.--2--2--2---- i, 014) 000 143, 000
Delaware. . 206, 000 65,100; || Tenmessees.... sa ecscectees yorsnashess aeaees 2, 170, 000 14,000
Florida... 12,747, 000 OEY TW TOS aa cass xamancewinin'y sac bee UE Le PERERRE 3, 468, 000 167,000
Georgia. - 1,810, 000 TA OOD. ||) VAT ERB oyasccc. ccc <sersieyatsisisysrsicnetefennisin'e meee Deter 45,954,000 | 2,781,000
Tllinois 1, 242, 000 56,000 || Washington..........2.0--0--2e0eceee eee eeee 1, 425, 000 352,000
Indiana 132, 000 11,000 ||) Wisconsini.cc% «ac cesesciae Sadetinesues Sereiessid = 1,130,000 12,
, 000 12,000 |) Albother states. ccccccsas eras acess eteieweeetieredenans 35, 1,
46 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 6.—PRODUCTS, BY APPARATUS OF CAPTURE AND BY STATES: 1908—Continued.
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE. Quantit KIND OF APPARATUS AND STATE. Quantit
uantity uantil
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MINOR APPARATUS. MINOR APPARATUS—Continued.
United States... o.c5<.22 cane eedeenaceelage va eee 9, 138, 000 $925,000 || Minmesota..........2.-. 2222 e eee eee eee e ee cee eee eeeeee 86,000 $7,000
MISSOUPE s 2 cisioe cha osu toessen Heese Sewnin cic’ Gcie 47,000 7, 500
AV a Dati Os 22 2c isecee sisi esahecie waisted naeieniceehanerter 17,000 NOW: JOTSCY <\5\icin sisiacicieinciccarniesindarsisescciszeeen 70,000 9,900
Arkansas............2-2--2--- 19,000 2, 900!| INOW: MOTE o.ecrareis cieccesere clners.eaid sieisicisiowise nieneieees 400 100
California 1, 902,000 33,000 |} North Carolina...............222-22--202--20-- 530, 000 14,000
Connecticut 89, 9, 600i] OMIOK cece nse ajersescsrenieew neous teense eecr 3,4 600
Delaware.......-.-.---20000005 2, 400,000 3,600 |) Rhode Island.............2-.2---02-02 eee eee 280,000 39,000
Florida... 1,145,000 605,000 |} South Carolina.............-.-.----------.---- 14,000 2,300
MNOS 2 siaicis sic as etescieisieieiemierus 25,000 6,800: || "Texas. sieeve cocnemsnwuncqussaseereseses eaeee 20,000 2,100
Louisiana 292,900 G19 ss cous wicsuiet ixcidceeeeas axe aeeeeseeneees 1,617,000 97,000
MGiNe.« cewxvcwemaine cnt vexweincioe 11,000 00 PUP COM soc iyat cpa seesue mis y oe ERS 389, 000 34,000
Maryland 74,000 25000. || WASCOMSID 5 2c.sicic:5:6-g:3\2h nieinre.cisiclecie nse cies esa cia gcaisiessiniese cae 31,000 2,300
Massachusetts 5a: occ ecw cicpuemisisie sejatinicininaie sieaaeee 75,000 14,000
CHAPTER VI.
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL.
Nearly seven-eighths of the value of fishery products
of the United States in 1908 was represented by 30
kinds of products. Detailed statistics for these
classes, and also for a few of the minor products of
general interest, are presented in this chapter. The
products here considered are the following:
Alewives. Herring. Salmon.
Bluefish. Lake herring. Shad.
Buffalo fish. Lake trout. Shrimp and prawn.
Carp. Lobster. Skins.
Catfishes. Lobster, spiny. Snappers.
Clams. Mackerel. Sponges.
Cod. Menhaden. Squeteague.
Crabs. Mullets. - Sturgeons.
Flounders. Mussels. Whale products.
Haddock. Oysters. Whitefish.
Hake. Pike perches.
Halibut. Pollack.
Alewwes (Pomolobus pseudoharengus and P. zxsti-
valis).—These two species of fish are generally known
indiscriminately as alewives, and are found in waters
adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. P. pseudoharengus is
never found south of the Neuse River, in North Carolina.
It is known along the Potomac as ‘branch herring,”
on Albemarle Sound as the “ big-eyed herring” and the
‘“‘wall-eyed herring,” in New England as “‘ alewife,”’ and
on the Connecticut River as ‘“‘ellwife” and “ellwhop.”
It appears in the rivers three or four weeks earlier
than the “glut herring” and the shad. P. zstwwalis is
found from the Carolinas to the coast of Maine. It is
known in Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle Sound as
“olut herring,” in the Ogeechee River as ‘‘ English her-
ring,” in the St. Johns River as “ herring,” and in Massa-
chusetts and during the later runs in the Rappahannock
as the ‘‘blueback,”’ It is also known as “‘blackbelly,”’
“sawbelly,’”’ and ‘‘kyack.” This species is less abun-
dant and much less valuable as a food fish than P.
pseudoharengus. Both species average about a half
pound in weight and from 8 to 10 inches in length.
They are caught in nets, seines, weirs, etc., and besides
being of great importance as food fish, are also used
for bait. The name ‘‘alewife”’ is applied to the men-
haden in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.
The value of the alewife catch in 1908 was $589,000,
and constituted 1 per cent of the total value of the
fishery products of the United States. Over three-
fourths of this amount represented the value of fish
disposed of fresh and 22 per cent the value of those
which were salted, while the remainder was the value
of a few which were smoked. Although alewives were
taken in every state on the Atlantic coast except
South Carolina, three states—Virginia, Maryland, and
North Carolina—reported 80 per cent of the value and
86 per cent of the weight of the total alewife catch.
The following tabular statement gives the statistics
of the catch, by states:
ALEWIFE PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States.......-.....---.-. 89, 978, 000 100 |} $589, 000 100
VAGINA: < oicis,02 sade oedue Stee caeme 37, 885, 000 42 171,000 29
Maryland). 0.2.2 c-2sicaciceicse .-| 28, 805, 000 32 157,000 27
North Carolina -| 10, 928, 000 12 140, 000 24
All other states 12, 361, 000 14 121,000 21
In the following tabular statement are given com-
parative statistics of the catch of alewives for a series
of years. Between 1892 and 1908 no figures for the
entire product in any one year are available, but the
returns for the New England states in 1898 have been
combined with those for the Middle Atlantic and the
South Atlantic states in 1897, while the results from
the canvass of the New England states for 1905, the
Middle Atlantic states for 1904, and the South Atlantic
states for 1902, have been similarly combined. This
course has been followed in presenting the figures for
other classes of products when returns are not avail-
able for the catch of all districts in any one year.
ALEWIFE PRODUCT.
YEAR. 6
uantity
(pounds), Value.
89,978,000 | $589,000
52, 062, 000 474, 000
59, 027, 000 435, 000
59, 176, 000 555, 000
-| 56, 158, 000 501, 000
45, 684, 000 527, 000
A considerable increase is apparent in the quantity
of the product in 1908, as compared with that of
previous years. At the same time there has been an
increase in value, although this has not been com-
mensurate with the increase in quantity.
(47)
48 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The catch taken by the principal kinds of apparatus
of capture was as follows:
ALEWIFE PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
TOtal sees eiisaksheue ceases 89,978,000 100 589,000 100
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs....} 66,369,000 74 372, 000 63
DOINCS i cack taranmanitarasnnsecietecses 18, 928, 000 21 166, 000 28
GU mets s asiesucmiceicnes de aececainenae 2,211,000 2 20,000 3
All other .ws. cccnewcusnenseceectenees 2, 469,000 3 31,000 5
Of the total alewife catch, 74 per cent, or nearly
three-fourths, representing 63 per cent, or a little less
than two-thirds of the total value, was taken by
pound nets, trap nets, and weirs, and 21 per cent, rep-
resenting 28 per cent of the total value, by seines.
Thus 95 per cent of the catch, representing 91 per
cent of the value, was taken by these two classes of
apparatus.
Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrixz).—This fish is found
on the Atlantic and the Gulf coasts. On the coast
of the New England and Middle states it is gen-
erally called ‘‘bluefish;” in Rhode Island, ‘‘horse
mackerel;” south of Cape Hatteras, ‘‘skip jack;” in
North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, ‘‘tailor” and
‘‘oreenfish;” and on the Gulf of Mexico, ‘‘bluefish.”
Young bluefish are called ‘‘snapping mackerel,’’
“snappers,” and ‘‘salt-water tailors” in Virginia and
Maryland; ‘‘blue snappers” about New Bedford; and
“‘skip mackerel’? about New York. The bluefish
varies in weight from 1 to 20 pounds, according to the
season and locality, and large numbers are caught
during the summer months with nets, traps, seines,
and hand lines.
The name ‘‘bluefish” is also improperly applied to
the squeteague from southern New Jersey to Virginia,
to the black sea bass at Newport and New Bedford,
to the ‘‘greenfish” on the California coast south of
Monterey, and to the ‘‘bonito” in the markets.
The value of the bluefish catch in 1908 was $506,000,
or slightly less than 1 per cent of the value of all
fishery products. This fish was taken in every coast
state from Rhode Island to Texas, but only a small
quantity was taken in the Gulf of Mexico. Of the
total value of the catch, over one-half was reported by
the fisheries of New York. Except for insignificant
amounts salted in Florida and North Carolina, the
catch was sold fresh. The following tabular state-
ment gives the statistics of the bluefish catch for the
leading states reporting this species:
BLUEFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States............2.-.. 7,647,000 100 $506, 000 100
New Vor kvigs sis een ceicticisn wend adic eld 3,191, 000 42 291,000 58
NeW Jersey wn. oece ccveseeeeiscccces 1,850, 000 24 99,000 20
North Carolina. . .-| 1,256,000 16 45,000 9
Florida....... 952, 000 12 45,000 9
Virginia......... 242,000 3 14,000 3
All other states. . 155, 000 2 12,000 2
Statistics of the product of the bluefish fisheries for
previous years for which data are available are given
in the following statement. The figures for the
periods 1890-1892, 1897-98, and 1902-1904 were
obtained in the manner explained on page 47.
BLUEFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR. aunt
uantity
(pounds). Value.
OB wis ncivins cuir negeeeeeNese eee ateda dhe teaser sense GRE 7,647,000 | $506,000
1902-1905 16, 576, 000 782,000
1897-98 22, 461,000 730,000
1889-1892 -| 18, 479, 000 735,000
BSS ia iaiciaintsjasbind dia cia(micis lassi starsiaiad muatel tela stareisioa roa aboceme ane 13, 480,000 669, 000
The quantity and value of the catch of 1908 were
the smallest on record. The distribution of the blue-
fish catch by apparatus of capture was as follows:
BLUEFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
otal: ioscediscemsrcncieeosaces 7,647,000 100 $506, 000 100
DinOS. ow sic oncnee moeaesee Race Ete 3,781,000 49 307,000 61
Gill MetS ie acssins sentence ge sesconien’ 2,029, 000 27 109, 000 22
SeineS «2+ 223 cicsea seis 1, 221,000 16 54.000 11
Pound and trap nets 534, 000 7 33,000 7
Trammel nets...... 61,000 \ 1 2,700
Fyke and hoop nets................ 21,000 { 1/100 } 1
Buffalo fish.—Under this general name are included
three species, red or big-mouthed buffalo (Ictiobus
cyprinella), black or mongrel buffalo (J. urus), and
small-mouthed or white buffalo (J. bubalus). These
fresh-water suckers, to which the name “buffalo carp”’
is sometimes erroneously applied, are found in the
waters of the Mississippi Valley. They frequently
weigh from 30 to 40 pounds and are caught with nets
and hand lines. The value of the catch in 1908 was
$498,000, or less than 1 per cent of the total value of
fishery products for the United States. In the fisher-
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 49
ies of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, however,
this fish ranked second in importance, contributing 15
per cent of the total value of the fishery products of
that district. Ninety-one per cent of the total value
of the buffalo-fish product represented that caught
in the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The
following tabular statement shows the catch, by
geographic divisions:
BUFFALO-FISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
DIVISION,
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...........2..... 16, 729, 000 100 3498, 000 100
Mississippi River division........... 15, 040, 000 90 455, 000 91
Gulf of Mexico division............. 1, 683, 000 10 43, 000 9
Great Lakes division ............... 6, 200 (1) 200 @)
! Less than 1 per cent.
Nineteen states reported a catch of buffalo fish.
Statistics concerning the product of the leading states
are given in the following tabular statement:
BUFFALO-FISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |] Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States................. 16, 729, 000 100 3498, 000 100
TMM 1S 5 cosets ren bsesids sana ee 3, 042, 000 18 117,000 23
WASCONSIN eye: sa7e pincensaiorstecia atarreietione 3,178, 000 19 103, 000 21
Louisiana. -| 2,626, 000 16 50, 000 10
APkansaS «3 c5.005cnsncesteseseea<ees 2,051, 000 12 43, 000 9
Mississippi........-.-.--.-----.-.--- 1, 664, 000 10 34,000 7
Missourl. oe wacidoaia aie oh cissBias pas aagniisians Sisk 993, 000 6 30, 000 6
All other states. .........-.---.----- 3,175,000 19 121,000 24
The yield in 1908 was the most valuable on record,
and, although smaller in quantity than those of some
earlier years, it was larger than in 1903, a fact which
indicates a recovery from the downward movement of
the previous decade. Since the Mississippi River
product represented 91 per cent of the total value in
1908 and has always contributed at least this propor-
tion, the catch of buffalo fish from that division affords
a good basis of comparison between 1908 and previous
years. The statistics concerning the catch of buffalo
fish from the Mississippi River and its tributaries in
1894, 1899, 1903, and 1908 are therefore given in the
following tabular statement:
BUFFALO-FISH PROD-
UCT OF THE MISSIS-
SIPPI RIVER DIVI-
SION.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
15, 040,000 | $455, 000
11, 492, 000 312, 000
14, 216, 000 350, 000
17,584, 000 419, 000
76786°—11—_—4
During the entire period for which statistics are
available the average price has been slowly but steadily
increasing.
The following tabular statement gives the quantity
and value of buffalo fish taken by the different kinds
of apparatus:
BUFFALO-FISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Total .scovssevezeeuecedas ve sss 16, 729, 000 100 3498, 000 100
BOING te cc ewes ceenedy 7, 138, 000 43 218, 000 44
Fyke and hoop nets 6, 502, 000 39 179, 000 36
Trammel nets......--..-- 1, 260, 000 8 41,000 8
Pound and trap nets. - 828, 000 29, 000 6
TAM OSs epse ce cnyoniseseus de seiea eee 812, 000 5 23,000 5
Allo ther ics sascsccceeincddesasseenesel 189, 000 1 7,400 1
Carp (Cyprinus carpio).—This fish, known as “ Ger-
man carp,” is a fresh-water food fish of great interest
to fish-culturists, and is found in ponds and streams in
nearly every state of the union. As a result of domes-
tication several varieties have arisen, of which the
principal ones are the ‘‘scale carp,’”’ heavily scaled;
the “mirror carp,’’ with a few series of very large
scales; and the ‘“‘leather carp,’ which is scaleless.
The size of the carp varies with the temperature and
clearness of the water, the kind of bottom, the abun-
dance and nature of the food supply, and in general
with the conditions under which it lives. These fish
live to a great age, and sometimes attain a weight of
more than 40 pounds. The carp naturally thrives
best in lakes, ponds, and sluggish streams, seeking
quiet or stagnant waters. It spawns about June. It
feeds largely on vegetable matter, insects and their
larve, found on aquatic vegetation, forming its prin-
cipal animal food. It will, however, eat practically
anything it can get into its mouth, rooting about in
the mud much in the same way as a pig; and it also,
at times, feeds while swimming near the surface, eating
insects and their larve and other floating substances.
The carp is said to eat neither fish nor their spawn,
but, on the other hand, young carp are preyed upon
by bass and other predaceous fishes.
Certain species of carp, familiarly known as min-
nows, chubs, shiners, and dace, also are found in
the fresh waters of the United States, but the Ger-
man carp (Cyprinus carpio) is not indigenous to this
country. Originally a native of Central Asia, the
carp was gradually introduced into Europe, and early
in the thirteenth century was brought into Germany,
where it became a favorite food fish. It was not
introduced into the United States with a view to
propagation until 1877, when Mr. Hassel, of the
United States Fish Commission, brought over a num-
ber of carp from Germany for the purpose of experi-
mentation. Prior to that time private individuals
had brought specimens into the United States from
Germany, without attracting any general attention.
50 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
In the fall of 1879 a systematic distribution of
young carp was begun, which was continued up to
1896. During that time nearly every state in the
Union tried to cultivate this fish, and the attempt
met with success in many states. The purpose of
the Fish Commission, more especially, was to dis-
tribute this fish, which was believed to be a good
food fish and which was hardy, easily and cheaply
raised, and of great fecundity, in sections where con-
ditions were not conducive to the growth of fish, the
expectation being that natural ponds not suitable for
other fish would be used or that artificial ponds would
be constructed for its propagation. Although origi-
nally introduced therefore into private or restricted
streams and waters, it was not long before the public
waters began to be stocked—in some cases acciden-
tally, by the overflowing of a carp pond or stream, and
in other cases through the intentional introduction of
the species, as in certain rivers in Illinois and Ohio.
The German carp product in 1908 amounted to
42,763,000 pounds, valued at $1,135,000, and con-
stituted 2 per cent of the total quantity and of the
total value of all fishery products. Of 38 states
having fisheries of a commercial nature in 1908, 31
reported German carp. The following tabular state-
ment gives the statistics of the carp product, by states
ranked according to the value of the product, together
with the per cent distribution of both the quantity
and the value of the catch:
states combined. Ohio ranked second, with a prod-
uct of 7,158,000 pounds, while Michigan, Missouri,
Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota each reported over
1,000,000 pounds. The total German-carp product of
these seven states amounted to nearly 20,000 tons,
valued at $979,000, and represented 91 per cent of the
quantity and 86 per cent of the value of the German-
carp product of the United States.
The distribution of the German-carp product in
1908, by groups of states, was as follows:
GERMAN-CARP PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE GROUP.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu-|| Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States......-..-......- 42,763,000 100 || $1,135,000 100
North Central states..........-..--- 39, 818, 000 93 1,017,000 90
North Atlantic states..........-.--- 704,000 2 50,000 4
South Central states... ea 924,000 2 33,000 3
South Atlantic states...........--.- 861,000 2 30,000 3
Western states........-.-----+-+--6- 457,000 1 4,600 (4)
1Less than 1 per cent.
As early as 1883 carp were taken in the waters of the
Mississippi River and its tributaries and in the Great,
Lakes, but they were not handled by the fish dealers
until some years later and had no extensive market
until about 1895. In the report of the United States
Fish Commission on the Great Lakes fisheries for 1892,
carp is not mentioned as a distinct species and, if
GERMAN-CARP PRODUCT: 1908. caught and sold commercially at this time, was prob-
ably included under ‘‘Other fish.’ For 1893-94
Quantity. Value. : . 5 “
STATE. however, the Bureau of Fisheries reported a consider-
Pawewnt Percent | @ble amount of this fish, and succeeding reports show
P ._ | distribu- || Amount. | distribu- eee . ‘
ounds. | distribu-|| Amount. | distribu: | 4 steadily increasing product, as the following com-
parative summary indicates:
United States...-......-.-.... 42,763,000 100 |} $1,135,000 100
TMNOIS voce hanced aeeetae stun eey 21,642,000 51 574,000 51
Ohi se:225sesecsewsucs 7,158,000 17 129,000 11 GERMAN-CARP
Missouri..-.........-- 2,432,000 6 80, 000 7 PROdUCT.
JOWS 2. cece ssiees eves 2,048,000 5 62,000 5
Michigan. . 2,459,000 6 55,000 5 YEAR.
Wisconsin. .. 2/247; 000 5 52,000 5 Guanitt
New York 406,000 1 31,000 3 (pounds Value.
Minnesota 1, 132/000 3 26,000 2 :
oe a ee
SHUMCEY 2 cc ckcsecaeneneeree eee sae% 'y ,
New yore A atiniawinie cremnnacmeeriaeese 220,000 1 16,000 1 --+-| 42,763,000 $1, 135,000
Nebraska... 254,000 1 12,000 t | tees ‘| 16,508,000 | ’ 350, 000
‘Tennessee. 237,000 1 8,200 1 1893-94 an an aeaeies .| 15,543,000 342,000
Virginia..... 286,000 1 8,000 of PEM PTE RRR ser bd eh Ma cGinrtn iparines sedis emma Hate maeisie ay 2,108,000 55,000
Maryland. ... 167,000 (1) 7,100 1
Poeware. Bere | a) | 8700 i
CIA WALC g.o:0-sictaictesiemecumaseninseeee , 000 ‘i : *
Indiana, -2-cooiiiitiiin 128,000) ©) 6,000 1 Although this product is caught to some extent
alifornia.... 7, 00! 4 5 a
Arkansas: 2ssssccceeeeeeico conn 175,000 |) 4,100 “} throughout the year, the largest part of the fishing is
ennsylvania.......---...--.------- 71, , s . 6
Fennsylvanls =) B00 ) 1500] done in the spring and summer. A variety of appa-
Georgia. ...25 sceeicecmande erence , 000 i : : -
Ce soos | a Raye ratus is used in taking carp, but the bulk of the catch
1 Less than 1 per cent.
2Tncludes Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oregon, South Dakota,
Texas, and West Virginia.
The carp product of Illinois, most of which was
from the Illinois River, exceeded that of all other
is made with seines, fyke and hoop nets, and trammel
nets. The statistics of the catch by the various forms
of apparatus are given in the following tabular
statement:
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 51
GERMAN-CARP PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. | Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
|
Per cent | Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
TOtAl cadpenigs sconsntrde cusee se 42,763,000 100 |] $1,135,000 100
BOINCS) soe eracserans a tec neuen eat eee 24,162,000 57 611,000 54
Fyke and hoop nets................ 10,067,000 24 286,000 25
Trammel nets...................-.. 5, 154,000 12 141,000 12
DANO ones cicrarsisiels ya! acles eeimer ans ae 1,062,000 2 35,000 3
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. .... 1, 224,000 3 28,000 2
Gl) nets sc cvsaae = seeking pista eecnd cee 4,000 2 25,000 2
AM OCDE oc sas. si steciesnses cosncantaace 199,000 Q) 8,500 1
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Catfishes (Siluridx).—The American species include
the sea catfishes of the Atlantic coast, the channel cats
of all the rivers east of the Rocky Mountains, the
horned pout, which is widely distributed through the
brooks and ponds of the states, and the diminutive
mad-toms. The different varieties are distinguished
by the common names of ‘‘channel cat,” ‘‘blue cat,”
‘Mississippi cat,” ‘‘mud cat,’ ‘‘flannel-mouth,”
“horned pout,” ‘‘bullhead,” ‘‘minister,” ‘‘goujon,”’
“bashaw,” ‘‘gaff-topsail,” etc. They vary in length
from 1 to 5 feet and in weight from 2 to 150 pounds,
are caught by means of nets, traps, hand lines, and by
jugging, and are used extensively for food.
The value of the catch in 1908 was $785,000, or
more than 1 per cent of the total value of the fishery
products. Catfish are taken in all waters of the
United States, but in 1908 nearly one-half of the total.
product came from the Mississippi River and its trib-
utaries. In these waters catfish ranked third’in value
among fishery products, contributing 13 per cent of
their total value. Of the 38 states included in the
canvass of 1908, all, with the exception of four of the
New England states, reported this fish. The catches
reported from Louisiana and Illinois greatly exceeded
those from any of the other states, in both quantity
and value, but the product was otherwise distributed
with unusual equality. The weight and value of the
catfish taken in the leading states and the per cent
distribution of the value are given in the following
tabular statement:
CATFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE,
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. distri-
bution. bution.
United States......-.....-.-.- 17,817,000 100 $785, 000 100
TIOWISIANAs 3 c:c.5:<js)e2 shoes cmerseise eins 4, 405, 000 25 143, 000 18
WWM O1S oe ciarcicemines Sececareumis DoewS 2,044, 000 iL 96, 000 12
California. . 000 6 56, 000 7
Florida 8 54, 000 7
Missouri 7 51, 000 6
Towa..... 2 33, 000 4
Arkansas 5 33, 000 4
Virginia... 4 31, 000 4
All other st 31 288, 000 37
1 Includes 26 states.
With the exception of the period 1889-1894, the
product in 1908 was larger than that of any other
year for which statistics are available, as shown by the
following comparative statement giving the quantity
and value for 1908 and previous canvasses:
CATFISH PRODUCT.
alec: 1908 1902-1905 1897-1899 1889-1894
Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
United States eee eee ..| 17,817,000 | $785,000 |} 12,120,000 | $501,000 |] 14,953,000 | $554,000 |} 22,673,000 | $767, 000
Mississippi River division 8,073,000 | 395,000 | 5,192,000] 277,000 || 7,648,000 | 340,000 || 14,727,000 | 533,000
Gulf of Mexico division........ 3,984, 000 143, 000 2,415, 000 73,000 2,449, 000 58,000 2,850,000 60, 000
Atlantic coast division......... 528, 000 132,000 2, 838, 000 95, 000 2,047,000 71,000 3, 166,000 113, 000
Pacific coast division.......... 1,270, 000 65, 000 923,000 27,000 626, 000 16,000 1 1
Great Lakes division 963, 000 00! 752, 000 28,000 2,183, 000 69, 000 1, 930, 000 61, 000
1 None reported.
The value of the product of the Mississippi River
‘ : . : CATFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
and its tributaries constituted more than 50 per cent
of the value of the total catch of this fish in 1908, and Hin Ob aopERAeUS: Quantity. Value.
the product of the Gulf of Mexico ranked next, with pounds, | eer gent Per cent
. ounds. istribu- || Amount. | distribu-
a value equal to 18 per cent of the total. The Atlantic tion. tion.
coast and the Pacific coast divisions contributed,
} Total ante tes taney ae 17,817, 000 100 |) $785,000 100
respectively, 17 per cent and 8 per cent of the total | |. ORT =i a =
value, while the catch of the Great Lakes division | Fyke and hoop nets..20.000000002. 4, 445, 000 25 || 219,000 28
danke’ ae Pomiiniies le 1,508,000 8 || 69000 %
represente a oe) Dee ert Trammel nets.....-.. TIIITTZ] 77653} 000 4 32} 000 4
The following tabular statement presents the sta- | Pots and traps...-..---.........20.. 163, 000 1}/ 32,000 2
tistics of the catch, by the leading apparatus of cap- | Allother ,000 |G) 1,100] @)
ture:
1 Less than 1 per cent.
52
Clams.—This term includes the hard clam, quahaug,
or round clam (Venus mercenaria); soft or long clam
(Mya arenaria); razor clam, or razor fish (Ensis
americana); surf, sea, or hen clam (Spisula solidissima) ;
and various other species.
Clams are bivalve mollusks largely used for food and
bait, and are found on all our coasts. Various species,
most of which are edible, are known as ‘‘soft clam,”
“long clam,” ‘‘butterfish,’ ‘‘manenose,” ‘‘nanni-
nose,” ‘‘squirt clam,’ ‘‘quahaug,” ‘‘hard clam,”
‘‘surf clam,” ‘‘sea clam,” ‘‘hen clam,” ‘‘beach clam,”
‘“‘dipper,” ‘‘skimmer,” ‘‘painted clam,” ‘‘cuneata
clam,” ‘‘round clam,” ‘‘little-neck clam,” ‘‘gapers,”’
“tellens,”’ ‘‘flat clam,’ ‘“‘razor clam,” ‘‘razor fish,”’
‘‘kknife-handle,”’ and ‘‘bullnose.’’ For the purposes of
of the census, however, all species are classified as
either hard, soft, razor, or surf clams.
The clam product of the United States in 1908
ranked sixth in value, amounting to 1,900,000 bushels,
valued at $1,917,000. While the quantity of the hard-
shell variety but little exceeded that of the soft-shell,
the value of the former was nearly two and one-half
times that of the latter. The statistics of the clam
product reported, by class of product, are given in the
following tabular'statement:
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
CLAM PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Bushels. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu--
tion. tion.
United States............-.... 1, 900, 000 100 || $1,917, 000 100
Hard clams. 976, 000 51 1,317, 000 69
Soft clams. . 865, 000 46 553, 000 29
Razor clams ‘ 1 25, 000 1
Surf clams. . 33, 000 2 21,000 1
Wirgimia . wéacccauis osc secrnsces sans 246, 000 13 380, 000 20
Massachusetts.........--- 334, 000 18 378, 000 20
New Jersey 306, 000 16 336, 000 18
New York.. 188, 000 10 292,000 15
Maine 506, 000 27 251,000 13
, 000 5 82,000 4
48,000 3 77,000 4
Connecticut. . 17,000 1 26, 000 1
Maryland... 10, 000 1 16,000 1
POT! ocisc. cee ceis otiesa co 30, 000 2 15, 000 1
Pacific coast states 109, 000 6 46, 000 2
All other states! ...........---2..--- 6, 000 1 17,000 1
1 Includes Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina.
Hard clams were reported from all the Pacific coast
states, from Florida and Louisiana on the Gulf of
Mexico, and from all the Atlantic coast states except
Maine and New Hampshire. The entire soft-clam
product, with the exception of 1 per cent of the total,
taken in California and Oregon, was from the North At-
lantic coast, none being reported south of New Jersey.
CLAM PRODUCT: 1908.
snare Total. Hard clams. Soft clams. Razor clams. Surf clams.
Quantity Quantity , Quantity Quantity Quantity
(bushels). | Ve. || (bushels). | V#!¥e- | Gushels). | V!4e- | (bushels). | V2!"e- | (bushels). | Va!ze-
United States 1,900,000 |} $1,917,000 976,000 | $1,317,000 865, 000 $553,000 26,000 $25, 000 33,000 $21,000
Virginia....-... 246, 000 380, 000 246,000 B80 COO ais costes siciaiesferasc.sisgiveeieste wings
Massachusetts 334,000 378,000 140,000 189, 000 192,000 186, 000 a
‘New Jersey. . wes 306, 000 336,000 273, 000 318,000 20,000 11,000 |.. 12,000 7,000
INGW Y OP Kis es eecventaneavexn einen xseaeconce 188, 000 292,000 101,000 223,000 66, 000 54, 000 21,000 14,000
MAIN C2 ates serasieriaheteemsce unis areca 506, 000
North Carolina. oe 91,000
Rhode Island. . mt 48,000
CONDE CHGUG 32 s:s:z:aiecpossineisietcrcieisierett cigs netic 17,000
10,000
30,000
109, 000
16,000
1 Includes Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina.
Razor clams were reported from Washington and
Massachusetts, and surf clams from New York and
New Jersey. The statistics of the clam product, by
states and varieties, are given in the above tabular
statement, in which the states are ranked according
to the value of their catch.
It is not possible to compare the statistics for the
different varieties with those for previous years,
owing to the fact that at the earlier canvasses in many
instances no distinction of varieties was made. A
comparison of the figures for the total clam product,
however, shows a slight decrease in quantity since 1880,
accompanied by an increase in value. The statistics
for the various canvasses are as follows:
CLAM PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(bushels), | Value.
OOS Arye Acetord peda neg veh Maen Ad cons A Ne NEL 1,900,000 | $1,917,000
1902-1904. 2126,000 | — 1/820;.000
1888-1390 2,268,000 | 1,730,000
1880.......2., 21847000 | 1,228/000
The entire clam product was taken with tongs,
dredges, and similar apparatus.
Cod (Gadus callarias).—The cod is caught most ex-
tensively along the coast of the Middle states, New
England, and British America, and is not taken in the
Atlantic Ocean south of New Jersey. It is most plenti-
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL.
ful on the Grand Banks and off the coasts of New-
foundland and New England. The weight varies from
3 to 75 pounds. The Alaska cod (@. macrocephalus) is
found in the Pacific Ocean from Bering Sea to Oregon.
Of the fishery products of the United States in 1908,
cod ranked third in value, the total product amounting
to 109,453,000 pounds, valued at $2,903,000. The
Atlantic coast states furnished 93 per cent of this
amount and the Pacific coast states the remaining 7
per cent.
In the statement at top of next column is presented
the per cent distribution by states of the quantity and
the value of the cod product in 1908.
On account of the length of the trips made by
vessels in the Pacific coast fisheries, often extending
over a period of several months, the fish taken are
salted on the vessels. In 1908 the Pacific coast catch
was 7,946,000 pounds, valued at $218,000. Massa-
chusetts and Maine furnished the entire amount of
salted cod from the Atlantic coast. The amount
salted in these two states is decreasing from year to
year, while the amount marketed in a fresh condition
is increasing. The total amount of salted cod was
30,245,000 pounds, valued at $950,000, or 27 per cent
of the total quantity and 33 per cent of the total
value of the United States cod product.
PER CENT DISTRIBU-
TION OF COD PROD-
uct: 1908.
DIVISION, STATE, AND CONDITION OF PRODUCT.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
United States. 155 aewewssacas axeeececae veces os 100 100
Atlantic Coast iVISIOM oi. v s2.cccocicacencsieceensee spo teeee s 93 93
MASSA CHUSELIS sccccrec staueuenbes deidilaeigt +e 66 67
Pres schon nse Sete toegaees Seaeuaswuhs 48 45
Salted sos seiicencess sanemecens = vanceeemene es. 18 22
Maine....... 18 15
Fresh... 16 12
Salted... 2 3
New Jersey.. 3 4
New York...... 3 3
Rhode: Tsai 6 se svess.ccaca's aycitinedresd siais tae! ae tieociasiae 1 1
CONN ECHCUE: 2 0.0.20: tsntcehtatio ee ea nakasgawioee 1 1
New Hampshire.. 3 :
Pennsylvania. ..2scressses so ceSiacas 2a eae es 1
TD) CLE Web Ciscoe ic tcrnyrn es sited renter ase iectereectarein ais 1) G
Pacific coast division 2........-........-2--22-2205- misters 7 8
Wash in Sto tis.c+icesscsandecdcientseerorcteesicsstacan woeaianianetise 4 4
California: ous. enesessseaex eeeericesaeed hss oeeeteeow se 3 3
1 Less than 1 per cent. 2 All the cod product of this division was salted.
Fresh cod from the Atlantic coast fisheries repre-
sented 72 per cent of the total quantity and 67 per
cent of the total value of the catch. Massachusetts
and Maine together furnished over four-fifths of the
total cod product.
The comparative statistics of the cod product for
1888, 1902-1904, and 1908 are given in the following
tabular statement:
COD PRODUCT,
1908 1902-1904 1888
CONDITION OF PRODUCT AND
DIVISION. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu-| Amount. | distribu- || Pounds. | distribu-| Amount. | distribu- || Pounds. | distribu-| Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion. tion. tion. tion. tion.
Mota ie ess.e 2.2 seasiaisesee nesta 110, 054, 000 100 | $2,914,000 100 |} 98,383, 000 100 | $2, 490, 000 100 |/119, 545,000 100 | $3, 109, 000 100
ITO Mariah antiga cone ehveyaan Serpe 79, 808, 000 73 | 1,964,000 67 || 55, 338, 000 56 | 1,333,000 54 || 38, 517,000 32 884,000 28
Salted ccc. ce sek eceeeeeneees 30, 245, 000 27 950, 000 33 || 43,045, 000 44 | 1,157,000 46 || 81,028, 000 68 | 2,225,000 7
Atlantic coast............-- 22, 299, 000 20 732,000 25 || 35, 350, 000 36 963, 000 39 || 80, 788, 000 68 | 2,214,000 7
Pacific coast.............--- 7, 946, 000 7 218, 000 8 7,695, 000 8 194, 000 8 239, 000 (2) 11,000 ()
1 All from the Atlantic coast.
A comparison of the totals for 1908 with these for
1902-1904 shows that there has been an increase, but
that the yield reported at the last canvass was not
equal to that of 1888. There was a heavy increase in
the amount brought into market fresh and a corre-
sponding decrease in the amount salted. The figures
for Washington show an increase since the last canvass
and those for California a decrease, while the result
was an increase for the Pacific coast division as a
whole. The cod taken by the Connecticut and Dela-
ware fisheries formed but a small fraction of the total,
but the value of the catch in the former state in 1908
2 Less than 1 per cent.
was nearly four times as great as that in 1902, and in
the latter the quantity caught was nearly nine times
as great as in 1904. New Jersey, New York, and
Rhode Island more than doubled their catch. New
Hampshire and Maryland were the only states on the
Atlantic coast showing a decrease. The distribution
of the cod taken in 1888, 1902-1904, and 1908 is given
in the next tabular statement:
As the cod habitually feeds on the bottom, prac-
tically the entire catch was taken with trawls and hand
lines, though a few were taken in pound nets, gill nets,
and other trawls.
54 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
COD PRODUCT.
es 1888
DIVISION, STATE, AND CONDITION OF PRODUCT. 1308 1902-1904
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
United States cc ccc cauviesbegdinn dace eeeeseecansseecencwedeancncaed 110,054,000 | $2,914, 000 98, 383,000, $2, 490,000 119,545,000} $3, 109, 000
Atlantic coast division............--.--2--0ee0eceeeeeceeceeeeececeseeceees 102, 108,000 | 2, 696, 000 90,688,000 | 2, 296, 000 119, 305, 000 3,099, 000
Massa Ghusetts.. ..oc.coss: aaeanuaemsucsahieg prisonsinemienashuies eae 72,819,000} 1/955;000 |]. 69,521,000 | —_ 1,773, 000 87,797, 000 2,278, 000
TTBS Hs sigs dees ce ie ee st Ge a Oe etn es olan! oe ne dere 53,148,000} 1,311,000 40, 659, 000 976, 000 93) 427, 000 516, 000
Salted scccccelacados wean noaassaumectas sttaedantiens weuaroeeemmareest 19, 671, 000 4; 000 28, 862, 000 797,000 64, 370, 000 1,762, 000
Maines ac <2. cence guocc eed | ose-eccnase <i seaebnunoaune esta cecerene esos 20,013, 000 439, 000 17,390, 000 377, 000 23, 833, 000 597, 000
Mires disease ceseeee cus ete ebay ee sieclueiens sam ceeeeceeascenececeecneci 17; 385, 000 351, 000 10, 903, 000 210, 000 7,414, 000 145, 000
Salted sercu ut scatecmur seek ceoweue tan Acc iinta eon eeace gs ayiuens ues 2) 628, 000 88, 000 6,488, 000 167, 000 16, 419, 000 452, 000
New Jersey omc ctas octane mine se cu cvesoastecesvate monte eeeutaanrad oh see 3,767,000 130, 000 1, 262, 000 54,000 727, 000 15, 000
Nw WOE tee oe geome stains seranannmrnotaiae gue see etndinie cieeucecinianan’ aueita 2) 999, 000 99, 000 1 170, 000 53,000 3, 195, 000 104, 000
Rhode Island sq cascwcceuey « penvenes eer snadenstuimuiees taaiemsareseaye 1; 497; 000 42),000 690, 000 21, 000 308, 000 9,700
Connecticu tic. secsenacagua ear eseeeaeetes pase wi cmtegissigsipimiemei cise sicin sce 820, 000 27,000 211, 000 7,100 2,001, 000 65, 000
New Hampshire. .0.00..0..200.lii linc 135,000 3,900 442, 000 2} 000 1,426, 000 29, 000
ennsylvania.... 2.2... eee ee ee en eee eee e cece ee ef OU, QU FOU J nn ne eee een enone ence nn nee
Delaware. ....00....0.-s--seso 7,000 400 800 ® Beware ee eee ee
ATV LAI ose cn 5 Acecrarait anala ented oye Syclaw 2 Piaiclad cicaleieiseies 4. oS aioe ns Scion A SEER ees ears soe ese Br ces I See Baars aescnal MsiseeagSemiseion
Pacific coast divis 7, 946, 000 218, 000 7, 695, 000 194, 000 239, 000 11, 000
Washington. . 4) 648, 000 124, 000 2) 072) 000 62, 000 239, 000 11,000
California........000.20cc2ssos 3) 298, 000 94, 000 5,623, 000 1 32000°|| sate Sawh orncrce | Seaaeecdcna ae
1 Less than $100.
Crabs.—Crabs are decapod crustaceans, found
along all the coasts of the United States. The differ-
ent species vary much in size, habit, and use, and are
distinguished by the adjectives ‘‘blue,” ‘‘fiddler,”’
“‘oreen,” ‘“hermit,”’ ‘Jona. a “kelp,” “lady,”
“mud,” ‘‘oyster,”’ “red,” “rock,” ‘‘sand,” “sea,”
“soldier,” ‘‘spider,” ‘‘stone,’’ etc. The common
edible crab has names applied by the catchers, de-
scribing the different conditions of the shell. While
shedding they are known as ‘‘comer,” ‘‘buster,”
‘‘peeler,”’ and ‘‘shedder;’’ while growing a new shell,
as ‘‘soft-shell,” ‘‘paper-shell,” and ‘‘buckler.”
Crabs are used for food, bait, and fertilizer. King
crabs are sold for the latter purpose and the product
is known as ‘‘cancerine.”’
Although for the purposes of this report crabs are
divided into only five classes, a number of varieties
were taken, most of which are included under ‘‘hard
crabs” or ‘‘soft crabs.’’ The most important species
z All the cod product of this division was salted.
included under these heads are the blue crab of the
Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast crabs. The
terms ‘“‘hard”’ and ‘‘soft’’ are applied to crabs to
designate the condition of the shell rather than to
differentiate species. The common blue crab of the
Atlantic coast sheds its shell several times annually,
and since commercially only two stages are recognized,
it may be classed as either ‘“‘hard” or ‘‘soft.’’ No
soft crabs were reported from the Pacific coast. In
addition to the hard and soft varieties, those shown
separately here are the ‘‘king crab,” ‘‘spider crab,”
and ‘‘stone crab.’
The crab product in 1908, comprising hard, soft,
king, spider, and stone crabs, aggregated 60,626,000
pounds, and had a value of $938,000. The following
tabular statement shows the distribution of the quan-
tity and the value of the hard and soft crab product,
as reported for 1908, for groups of states:
HARD AND SOFT CRAB PRODUCT: 1908.
Total. Hard crabs. Soft crabs.
STATE GROUP. Quantity. Value.
Quantity Quantit i
Per cent Per cent ounds). Value. 5 Value.
Pounds. distribu- Amount. distribu- © ) (pounds. :
tion. tion.
United Stitt. a soncs ss ccemees eee ee pemneae were ees 52, 913, 000 100 $912, 000 100 42,612,000 | $553,000 10, 301, 000 $359, 000
Middle Atlantic states. 46, 602, 000 88 679,000 74 36, 705, 000 380, 000 9, 89
Pacific coast states... 4 081, 000 8 127,000 14 4,081,000] 127,000 |..... ite a eee
Gulf of Mexico states... 1, 197, 000 2 55, 000 6 1,071, 000 29,000 126, 000 27,000
South Atlantic states .. ds 765, 000 1 46, 000 5 88, 000 12, 000 277, 000 33,000
New England states..........----+--+++++2+20+2+eeees eee ee eee 268, 000 1 5,400 1 266, 000 5,300 1/300 000
The statistics of the crab product for 1908, by states
and varieties, are given in the next table.
The Virginia fisheries supplied more than one-half
of the total quantity of hard crabs and the Maryland
fisheries considerably more than one-fourth. In the
soft-crab output Virginia and Maryland again took
the lead, but the order is reversed, Maryland reporting
three-fourths of the total weight and Virginia one-
fifth. No soft crabs whatever were reported from the
Pacific coast states. The combined weight of hard and
soft crabs was 52,913,000 pounds and the combined
value $912,000. When the two varieties are thus
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL.
considered together, the products of Virginia and
Maryland are very nearly equal in value, that of the
Virginia product being $326,000 and that of the Mary-
land product $319,000. These two states together
55
contributed 71 per cent and the Middle Atlantic
states, as a group, 74 per cent of the total value of the
hard and soft crab product.
CRAB PRODUCT: 1908.
Total. Hard crabs. Soft crabs.
SEATRS Quantity. Value.
Quantit Quantity
Per cent Per cent (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Pounds. distribu- Amount. distribu-
tion. tion.
United States... ccccccccsucsinwves soswascasessenenceaess’s 1 60, 626, 000 100 1 $938, 000 100 |; 42,612,000 | $553,000} 10,301,000 $359, 000
25, 083, 000 41 326, 000 35 || 23,001, 000 239, 000 2,082,000 87,000
20, 373, 000 34 319, 000 34 12, 786, 000 124,000 7, 587,000 195,000
1, 702, 000 3 69, 000 7 1, 702, 000
2,179, 000 51,000 5 2,179,000
390, 000 1 34, 000 4 113,000
New Jersey. 2 4,952,000 8 234,000 4 282,000
Louisiana 322, 000 1 29,000 3 244,000
Mississippi. 426,000 1 15, 000 2 380, 000
Delaware. 3 3,178,000 5 3 13,000 1 57, 000
4 665, 000 1 49,800 1 580, 000
steph Ue cx tpepne Set 196,000 8) 7, 500 1 196, 000
Sohicstejaseetias etal 200, 000 5 6, 900 1 200, 000
goedijeex eoausenes 6 211,000 6 6 6,500 1 148, 000
bade fadie aac eae 246, 000 5 6,100 1 246, 000
200, 000 5) 5,000 1 199, 000
146, 000 5 2,900 (8) 146,000
t 122, 000 5 2,600 (5) 121, 000
South Caroling ..<scscesaucerdnwass vee se seesins Hates tise 33,000 (5 900 (5) 33,000
1 Includes 7,643,000 pounds of king crabs, valued at $23,000; 62,000 pounds of stone crabs, valued at $3,700; and 7,200 pounds of spider crabs.
2 Includes 4,607,000 pounds of king crabs, valued at $18,000.
3 Includes 2,980,000 pounds of king crabs, valued at $4,300.
4 Includes 63,000 pounds of king and spider crabs, valued at $100.
The statistics of the hard and soft crab product, for
the years for which returns are available, are given in
the following tabular statement:
HARD AND SOFT CRAB PRODUCT.
DIVISION AND YEAR. Total. Hard crabs. Soft crabs.
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
United States:
1908....... 52,913, 000 |$912, 000 |/42, 612, 000 |$553, 000 |10, 301,000 |3359, 000
1902-1905. .|40,218, 000 | 906, 000 |/32, 061,000 | 578,000 | 8,156,000 | 328,000
1889-1892. .|16, 004,000 | 566, 000 ||! 9,770,000 |! 213, 000 |16,029, 000 |4346, 000
1880......- 7,711, 000 } 338, 000 (2) () (2) (2)
New England states:
1908s cceweweieexs 268, 000 5,400 266, 000 5,300 1,800 200
1905 os dcnxecaas 80, 000 2,300 73,000 1, 100 6, 600 1,200
1898....-...---- 13, 000 2,200 7,900 600 5, 000 1,700
T8805 cpsiecialarsinsisie 13, 000 1, 400 (3) (3) (3) i
ee (*) (7) @) @) @) 2)
Middle Atlantic
states:
1908 3 nejecreis cece 46, 602, 000 | 679,000 |136, 705,000 | 380,000 | 9,897,000 | 298, 000
1 ere 31,975,000 | 675,000 |/24,057,000 | 366,000 | 7,919,000 309, 000
11,523,000 | 85,000 | 5,703,000 | 252,000
5,751,000 | 87,000 | 5,884,000 | 339,000
@) @) @) @)
488,000 | 12,000 277,000 | 33,000
“185, 000 4,400 200,000 | 15,000
3) He (3)
@) 3) @) 3)
1,071, 000
1, 666,
1,759, 000
1,074, 000
safe assiseuistents 8, 100 @)
Pacific coast states:
O08 s..csexceess 4,081,000 | 127,000 || 4,081,000
WOO 4s 2:3 cictsie wseiasy 6,080,000 | 182,000 |} 6,080, 000
1900 | sis. siead oases 4, 062, 100, 000 || 4,062, 000
ee 2,752,000 | 67,000 || 2,752,000
1802) eccie secu sa 2,945,000 | 107,000 |) 2,945, 000
ISSO... scicic. cre cine 300, 00 , 000 300,
1 Not including the New England states and the South Atlantic states.
* Not reported. 3 Not reported separately.
5 Less than 1 per cent.
6 Includes 62,000 pounds of stone crabs, valued at $3,700.
The crab fisheries show a great increase in pro-
ductivity. As compared with the product of hard and
soft crabs in 1908, amounting to 52,913,000 pounds,
valued at $912,000, the figures for 1880 are small, the
product being only 7,711,000 pounds, valued at $338,000.
Virginia and Maryland are the states reporting the
largest quantities in 1880, as well as in 1908, but New
York and New Jersey followed closely, and the value
of New Jersey’s product in 1880 was greater than that
of all the remaining states of the Atlantic seaboard
and the Gulf combined. No figures covering the whole
United States are available for any single year of the
intervening period, but the composite figures show
the increase to be general. The increase in value
shows greater fluctuations than the increase in the
quantity of the product.
The king crab or horseshoe crab is used for bait and
hog feed, but most extensively for fertilizer purposes.
The following tabular statement shows the product for
certain specified years:
KING-CRAB PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
7, 643, 000 $23, 000
2,303, 000 8,900
3,539, 000 8,200
8, 600, 000 16, 000
All king crabs reported were taken from the Atlantic
Ocean along the Middle Atlantic states, two-thirds of
the quantity coming from New Jersey..
56 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The most common method of taking hard crabs is
with meat-baited lines, hand or set, and a dip net in
which the crab is caught when hauled to the surface.
Two-thirds of the soft-crab catch is taken with
dredges. King crabs were formerly all caught by
hand or with forks on the beach, but the great bulk
are now taken in pound nets.
Flounders (Pleuronectide).—The family of flounders
is composed of the turbots, the halibuts, the plaices, and
probably the soles. Since the halibuts are considered
separately they are not here included under flounders.
The name flounder is variously applied to the flat
fishes found on all the coasts of the United States,
and known as ‘‘American sole,” ‘‘bastard halibut,”
‘‘Monterey halibut,” ‘‘winter flounder,” ‘‘starry
flounder,” ‘‘rough limanda,” ‘‘diamond flounder,”
“‘long-finned sole,” ‘‘sand dab,” ‘‘rough dab,” ‘‘Green-
land turbot,” ‘‘pole flounder,” ‘‘craig flounder,’
“‘spotted sand flounder,” etc. They vary in size
and shape, and are sold for both food and bait. The
catch is taken in weirs, nets, beam trawls, and seines,
and with hand lines and gafts.
The catch of flounders in 1908 was valued at
$588,000, and represented a little over 1 per cent of
the total fishery product. It was derived from the
fisheries of 21 states, including every coast state except
New Hampshire. Massachusetts, California, and New
York, however, reported 79 per cent of the weight
and 73 per cent of the value of the total, and this,
combined with the product of Rhode Island, New
Jersey, and Connecticut, represents 93 per cent of the
total weight and 90 per cent of the total value. The
statistics of the product for the more important states
are as follows:
FLOUNDER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |) Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States. ................] 23,346, 000 100 $588, 000 100
Massachusetts 7,124, 000 31 146, 000 25
California........-..... 6, 681, 000 29 144, 000 24
New York.......... 4,629, 000 20 141, 000 24
Rhode Island....... 1, 891, 000 50, 000 9
New Jersey......... 650, 000 3 25, 000 4
Connecticut......... 707, 000 3 21,000 4
All other states 1, 664, 000 7 60, 000 10
Comparative figures of the product of flounders, so far
as available, are given in the following tabular state-
ment. A marked increase appears in both the quan-
tity and the value of the catch in 1908, as compared
with earlier years.
FLOUNDER PRODUCT.
YEAR. euantiE
uantity
(pounds). Value.
23,346,000 | $588,000
14, 212, 000 377,000
12, 012, 000 257,000
10, 365, 000 257, 000
5, 167, 000 150, 000
1 Exclusive of the product of the Pacific coast states.
Flounders were caught with a variety of apparatus
of capture, and the quantity and value of the catch
taken with the different kinds of apparatus are given
in the following tabular statement:
FLOUNDER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Total s-cccmsie cvs veaexesas sede 23, 346, 000 100 $588, 000 100
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. ._.. 4,369, 000 19 138, 000 23
TINGS oe, oeciels See rieasc en Seteccinaiseicee 4,017, 000 17 91, 000 15
Beam trawls..............2.---.-.05 3.709, 000 16 89, 000 15
Fyke and hoop nets 2,955, 000 13 75, 000 13
Miscellaneous net: 3, 638, 000 16 68, 000 12
Trammel nets.... 1, 990, 000 9 54, 000 9
Seines........... 1, 645, 000 7 43, 000 7
Gill Me tS 22 coins once a 820, 000 4 20, 000 3
Harpoons, spears, etc............... 185, 000 1 8, 800 1
BOS; (ADS; CtC i race sisisteatss eewereceien 20, 000 Q) 400 Q)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Haddock ( Melanogrammus eglifinus).—The haddock
is a food fish found in the Atlantic Ocean north of the
Delaware capes; it is called ‘dickie’’ in some localities.
The average weight is from 4 to 6 pounds. It is exten-
sively used as a fresh food fish, and is also salted,
pickled, and dried. When slack-salted and smoked it
is sold under the name of ‘‘haddie.”’
The catch in 1908, valued at $1,308,000, represented
2 per cent of the total value of the fishery products
of the United States and 4 per cent of the value of the
food fish. In the product from the Atlantic coast this
fish ranked seventh with respect to value, and repre-
sented 4 per cent of the total value. The catch was
sold fresh, with the exception of 1,042,000 pounds,
valued at $22,000, which were salted. The first
tabular statement following gives the statistics of the
weight and value of the haddock catch, by states.
The value of the catch of haddock in 1908 exceeded
that of any year for which statistics are available, but
the quantity was less than in 1904-5. Comparative
figures are given in the second tabular statement
following for 1908 and earlier years.
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 57
for the fact that the average value of the Massachu-
HADDOCK PRODUCT: 1908.
setts catch was so much greater than that of the
aes Quantity. Value. Maine catch.
; That the value of the hake product has increased
Per cent | Per cent i i is indi
Pounds. |distribu- | Amount. | distribu: substantially during recent years is indicated by the
vie | “lon following tabular statement, giving statistics for
re rhi ailable:
United States...........222... 59,987, 000 100 || $1,308, 000 1m | Years for which returns are av
MAGSACTIUISGUS on se ernes erates sees 48, 492, 000 81 ,| 1,038,000 79
Maine........... 222] 10,513; 000 18 |) 243,000 19
New York...... 424,000 1 12,000 1 HAKE PRODUCT.
Rhode Island... 415, 000 1 | 11,000 1 eee
_ Hapsiie 100, 000 a) 2,700 (1) WEAR.
onnecticut........... 24,000 900 1) Quantity
New Jersey..........-..00-0s0sse ese 20,000 |) 600 a} (pounds). | Value
1 Less than 1 per cent. ...| 34,340,000 | $464,000
--| 85,929,000 419,000
37, 278,000 302,000
14,816,000 | 161,000
HADDOCK PRODUCT. 30, 657, 000 196,000
YEAR.
Quantit Value.
& (pounds), During the earlier years for which statistics are
29,987,000 8,308, 0g0 given, large quantities were salted; in 1898 several
7,065,000 | 1,259,000 hi j i
| 42.90 | Set 00 million pounds were salted, but in 1908 practically
3, 639, 000 ‘ ]
#200 | Bgatows | the entire product was sold fresh.
The catch was practically all taken with lines, only
about 2 per cent being taken with seines and 1 per
cent with pound nets, trap nets, and gill nets.
Hake ( Urophycis).—The species included under this
head are not true hakes, but comprise different varie-
ties of food fish found off the Atlantic coast from New-
foundland to Cape Hatteras, which are variously
known as ‘‘old English hake,’ ‘‘squirrel hake,”
“white hake,” ‘‘ling,” ‘‘king hake,” ‘‘codling,”’ etc.
They are often prepared under the trade name of
‘boneless fish.” The average length is from 14 to 2
feet and the average weight from 3 to 8 pounds.
The value of the hake catch in 1908 was $464,000.
All the product reported was sold fresh except 525,000
pounds, valued at $8,900, which were salted. The
hake was taken only in the fisheries of the North At-
lantic states, and practically the entire product was
from Massachusetts and Maine, as shown in the fol-
lowing tabular statement:
HAKE PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States.........-.------ 34,340,000 100 $464,000 100
Massachusetts......-.....22------++ 16, 708, 000 49 294,000 63
INO siren peers vee aletelanisiniemcatenaisia 17,398, 000 51 168,000 36
All other states}............-.-..--- 233, 000 1 2,700 1
1 Includes New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island.
Except for the greater proximity of the Massachu-
setts fisheries to the markets, no reason is apparent
The catch was taken principally with lines, the
capture with other apparatus not exceeding 2 per cent
of the total.
Hake sounds used in the manufacture of isinglass
have been included in the statistics of sounds, which
are given on page 43.
Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus).—The halibut,
the largest and most valuable of the flat fishes, is
found in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It
is one of the largest species used for food, sometimes
weighing over 300 pounds, but the average weight is
from 50 to 75 pounds. There are three grades of
halibut. The ‘‘white,’ which has its underside
immaculate, is considered best and brings the highest
price; the ‘‘gray” is blotched on the underside, and
sells for a third less; the ‘‘sour” is tamted, and brings
only about one-fourth as much as the ‘‘white.”’ Small
young fish, weighing from 10 to 20 pounds, are called
“chickens,” and are much sought after by epicures.
Halibut are sold fresh and are also cured and smoked,
while the napes are pickled. An oil used for currying
purposes is made from the head, and the residue is
used as a fertilizer under the name of ‘‘chum.”
Halibut was the eighth in value among all the
fishery products and the fifth among fish proper.
In 1908 its value, $1,562,000, formed 3 per cent of
that reported for the entire fishery product and 5 per
cent of that for fish proper. In the Pacific coast
division, from which about six-sevenths of the catch
was taken, it ranked next after salmon, and com-
prised 18 per cent of the fishery product. Nearly all
of the catch of the Pacific coast states came from the
fisheries of Washington. The value per pound was
so much higher on the Atlantic seaboard, that the
product of the Atlantic coast states, although forming
58 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
only about one-eighth of the total halibut catch in
quantity, contributed one-fifth of its total value.
The statistics of the catch reported by the different
states are as follows:
HALIBUT PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States................. 34, 441, 000 100 |} $1, 562, 000 100
Washing tom isciesiccinis ciaccciscpacinics caine. 30, 072, 000 87 1, 236, 000 79
Massachusetts........ 4,145, 000 12 310, 000 20
MAING. 25.0. ccencaecie s 200, 000 1 15, 000 1
Oregon 16, 000 C 700 8
Contiecticut.. 50.2505 seeceo taxes 2x26 8, 500 ( 600 1)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The catch in 1908 was nearly twice as great in weight
and value as that of any previous year. The most
notable features of the statistics for 1908, as com-
pared with those for prior canvasses, are the decrease
in the catch of the New England fisheries and the
increase in that of the Pacific coast fisheries. The
following tabular statement gives the quantity and
value of the catch for the various years for which
returns are available:
HALIBUT PRODUCT.
Atlantic coast Pacific coast
YEAR. Total. division. division.
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). ? Value. (pounds). Value.
34, 441,000 ($1,562,000 || 4,354,000 | $326,000 | 30,088, 000 |$1, 236, 000
-| 15, 807, 000 597, 000 3,716,000 | 238,000 | 12,091,000 359, 000
17, 706, 000 762,000 || 10,828,000 | 570,000 | 6,878,000 193, 000
11, 391, 000 874,000 9,288,000 | 827,000} 2,103,000 47,000
12, 819, 000 727,000 || 11,599,000 | 695,000} 1,220,000 32,000
With the exception of 656,000 pounds of salted
halibut, valued at $53,000, all the output in 1908 was
sold fresh. All the salted halibut product was reported
by the fisheries of Massachusetts. In previous years
much larger quantities were salted in the Massachusetts
fisheries, as is shown by the following tabular statement
giving the statistics for certain years for which detailed
reports were made:
SALTED HALIBUT PROD-
UCT OF MASSACHU-
SETTS.
YEAR.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
656, 000 53, 000
466, 000 19, 000
1, 176, 000 70, 000
1, 860, 000 60, 000
1, 337, 000 76, 000
With the exception of 9,000 pounds, valued at $900,
taken in other trawls, the entire halibut catch of the
country was made with lines.
Herring (Clupea harengus).—The herring is a very
important food fish found in the north Atlantic as far
south as Sandy Hook; it is never found in brackish
or fresh waters. ‘‘ Sperling” and ‘brit’ denote differ-
ences in the age of the fish. Trade names are ‘‘ Digby
chicken,” ‘‘hard herring,” ‘“bloaters,”’ etc. Herring
weigh from one-half pound to one pound, and average
in length about 10 inches. As a food fish they are
used fresh, salted, pickled, smoked, and canned. They
are also used extensively for bait in the cod, haddock,
halibut, and hake fisheries.
The California herring is an allied species found
along the entire length of the Pacific coast. The
name ‘“‘herring’’ is also applied to the Gulf menhaden
on the Texas coast and to the menhaden in southern
Florida. The hickory shad is called ‘thread herring”
in North Carolina.
The herring catch in 1908 amounted to 125,050,000
pounds, valued at $796,000. Of this amount, 92 per
cent was marketed fresh, and the balance, 8 per cent,
was salted or smoked. Maine and Massachusetts
fishermen captured 97 per cent of the total quantity,
which represents 96 per cent of the total value. All
of the salted product was reported from Maine and
Massachusetts, and all of the smoked product from
Maine. The statistics of the herring catch, by states
ranked in the order of the value of their products, are
given in the following tabular statement:
HERRING PRODUCT: 1908.
CONDITION OF PRODUCT, DIVISION, Quantity. Value.
AND STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. distri-
bution. bution.
Total ox tiviresser stisecatcswase cee 125, 050, 000 100 $796, 000 100
BVGSNisies sins exeenwas eemiees 115, 563, 000 92 658, 000 83
Salted --| 9,253, 000 7 135, 000 17
234, 000 Q) 2,900 @)
Atlantic coast division ............. 121, 704, 000 97 764, 000 96
Maine........ 92, 985, 000 74 420, 000 53
Fresh 89, 188, 000 71 389, 000 49
Salted 3, 563, 000 3 28,000 4
Smoked 234, 000 @) 2, 900 Q)
Massachusetts. .......... 28, 501, 000 23 342, 000 43
TOSDssaaserqsay seis 22,812, 000 18 235, 000 30
(12) 10 Sa a ee 5, 690, 000 5 107,000 13
+» New York.... iat is 2,600 1) 100 1
Rhode Island................... 214,000 $ 1,900 ti}
Pacific coast division ............... 3, 347, 000 3 32, 000 4
California... 825, 000 1 11,000 1
Oregon. - . 15,000 Q) 300 Q)
Washington . 2, 506, 000 21,000 3
\ Less than 1 per cent.
The following tabular statement shows the quantity
and value of the herring catch in specified years:
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL.
HERRING PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
OOS 5 so. ai sini sieicrssh ciate oostazaiaja!aiaiseciaraie Sieheea ---|125, 050,000 | $796,000
1904-5... -| 85, 367,000 712,000
1898-99 . -| 66, 668, 000 618, 000
ct -| 60, 120, 000 426, 000
1880 .| 42,599,000 | 1,131,000
A large number of vessels engage in the winter
herring fishery off the west coast of Newfoundland.
The greater part of the catch was taken with pound
nets, trap nets, and weirs. The distribution of the
product by apparatus of capture was as follows:
HERRING PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |; Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Total a eccks ceesaseaccceeeced 125, 050, 000 100 3796, 000 100
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. ...) 72,868, 000 58 336, 000 42
ONES 55.0: aoa oe eenbameececes 33, 988, 000 27 198, 000 25
Gill nets 11,302, 000 9 218, 000 27
All other nets. 6, 892, 000 6 45, 000 6
Lake herring (Leucichthys).—The ciscoes, or lake
herrings, are members of the whitefish family found
in the Great Lakes and neighboring waters. There
are various species popularly known as herring, with
or without qualifying names, the common form
(LZ. artedt) being most important.
59
Lake herring has always been the leading species
from the Great Lakes, and in 1908 the value of the
catch was $989,000, or 26 per cent of the total value
of the fishery products of this division. Of the total
value of the United States product it contributed 2
per cent, and of the value of fish proper 3 per cent.
Considerably over one-half of the entire catch was
made in Lake Michigan, where this fish represented
over one-half of the weight and one-third of the value
of the total product.
The following tabular statement gives the quantity
and value of the catch, distributed by fishing grounds:
LAKE-HERRING PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
FISHING GROUND.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu-|} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Total)cccsccnsesteesset exees 41,118, 000 100 $989, 000 100
Lake Michigan.............-------- 21, 059, 000 51 551, 000 56
Lake Erie......... 10, 600, 000 26 286, 000 29
Lake Superior. . - .---| 5,361,000 13 78, 000 8
Lake Huron vse 2cs22sce tess senedees 4,064, 000 10 72,000 7
Lake Ontario and tributary rivers. . 35, 001 () 1,700 ()
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Nearly five-eighths of the quantity of the product
was reported as marketed fresh, the remainder being
salted or smoked. The following tabular statement
gives the statistics of the catch according to the con-
dition in which it was marketed, the states being
ranked according to the value of their catch:
LAKE-HERRING PRODUCT: 1908.
Total. 1 Fresh. Salted.
STATE: Quantity. Value.
Quantity Quantity
Per cent Per cent (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Pounds. distribu- Amount. distribu-
tion. tion.
41,118,000 100 $989, 000 100 25, 242,000 3730, 000 11, 951,000 $191, 000
12,124,000 29 322,000 33 7,046, 000 237,000 1,157,000 18,000
14, 787,000 36 304, 000 31 5,170,000 149,000 9,617,000 155,000
4,792,000 12 147,000 15 4,780,000 147,000 12,000 400
3,796, 000 9 90, 000 9 3,796, 000 90,000 jacsccsececseea|taxeseerece
New York 2,044,000 5 51,000 5 2,044, 000 51000 nes seciecesmes | eacceeroets
Minnesota 2,778,000 7 38, 000 4 1, 608, 000 21,000 1,165,000 18,000
Tllinois. . . : 598, 000 1 28,000 3 598, 000 2B#000 hic sinie, ae atrsuajersit Bislsoags slseinaie
TN GIG aia rasja sia. stenncatessca ne syeiewa 4 BSshaie Oars e stiok declan secie gine 198, 000 (?) 8, 400 1 198, 000 S400 Nor scansechare [ens teaceses
1 Includes 3,925,000 pounds of smoked lake herring, valued at $67,000, distributed as follows: Wisconsin, 3,921,000 pounds, valued at $67,000, and Minnesota, 4,000
barr re reerouk,
Every state bordering on the Great Lakes shared
in the catch, but Wisconsin and Michigan took far
greater quantities than any others, the Michigan
catch being the largest and the Wisconsin catch of
the greatest value. The higher value of the Wisconsin
product was due to the fact that more than one-half
was sold fresh, while only about one-third of the
Michigan product was so marketed. The bulk of the
salted herring was from Michigan, and nearly all the
smoked product was from Wisconsin.
Comparative figures for certain years are given in
the following tabular statement:
60 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
LAKE-HERRING
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity 7
(pounds). Value.
41,118,000 | $989,000
32, 157,000 815, 000
-| 59,914, 000 941,000
-| 35,741, 000 536, 000
-| 53, 661, 000
717, 000
-| 25, 869, 000
15, 968, 000 @)
1 Not reported.
Although the value of the product was greater in
1908 than in any previous year, the quantity of the
catch of that year was exceeded in 1889 and 1899.
Besides the herring salted and smoked by the
fishermen, a considerable quantity was canned by
establishments located mainly in Wisconsin and
Michigan. The total output of lake herring from
such factories in 1908 was valued at $480,000, and
was distributed as follows: Smoked, $426,000; salted,
$16,000; pickled, $4,600; and frozen, $33,000.
The largest part of the catch, 73 per cent, was made
with gill nets, 27 per cent was taken with pound and
trap nets, and less than 1 per cent with other appa-
ratus.
Lake trout——The common lake trout (Cristivomer
namaycush) is found in the Great Lakes and in the
smaller lakes of the Northern states. In different
localities these fish vary greatly in color, size, and
shape, and are known by the local names ‘‘salmon
trout,” ‘‘namaycush,” ‘‘togue,” ‘‘tuladi,” ‘‘Mackinaw
trout,” ‘“‘lake salmon,” ‘‘black trout,’ ‘‘reef trout,”
“Jonge,” etc. The ‘‘siscowet”’ (C. siscowet) is another
species of lake trout. It is found principally in Lake
Superior.
The lake trout was caught only in the Great Lakes, and
the value reported for this species in 1908 was $800,000,
or 21 per cent of the total value of the products from
these waters. Of the total value of the United States
fishery products this fish contributed somewhat more
than 1 per cent, and of that of fish proper nearly 3 per
cent. It was taken by the fisheries of every state
bordering the Great Lakes, but 53 per cent of the total
value of the product was reported by the fisheries of
Michigan and 43 per cent by those of Wisconsin. In
both Michigan and Wisconsin lake trout ranked first
in value among the fishery products, contributing 29
per cent of the total value of the catch in the former
state and 32 per cent in the latter. The following
tabular statement gives the statistics of the catch, by
states:
LAKE-TROUT PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...............- 12, 024, 000 100 $800, 000 100
Michigan....... ee fs atsiagaydioqeises eae 6,798, 000 57 424,000 53
Wisconsin 4,710, 000 39 340, 000 43
Illinois... . 150, 000 a 13, 000 2
Minnesota. 215, 000 2 12,000 2
Indiana...... 130, 000 seat 9,600 1
All other states ! 21,000 () 1, 500 (2)
1 Includes New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. 3 Less than 1 per cent.
Next to lake herring, lake trout was the most valu-
able species taken in the Great Lakes.
Of the total value reported for this species, $546,000
was reported from Lake Michigan, this amount con-
stituting 35 per cent of the total value of the products
of this lake, and being exceeded only by the value
reported for the lake-herring product.
The distribution of the quantity and value of the
catch by fishing grounds was as follows:
LAKE-TROUT PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. ' Value.
FISHING GROUND. j
Per cent | Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. | tion.
|
Total ...2.0sen ssicceews onesies 12,024, 000 100 | $800, 000 100
Lake Michigan..... 7, 892, 000 66 546, 000 68
Lake Superior. ..... 2,752,000 23 163, 000 20
Lake Huron........ 1, 359, 000 11 | 89, 000 11
Lake Ontario... 14, 000 0 1,100 Q
Lake Erie cavsiacsices secur edide 6, 900 Qa | 400 es
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Comparative figures for previous canvasses are
given in the following tabular statement:
LAKE-TROUT
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
12,024,000 | $800,000
---| 16,132,000 723,000
---} 10, 612, 000 1, 000
---} 15, 673, 000 585, 000
-| 11, 202, 000 453,000
12, 587, 000 es
6, 805, 000 @
1 Not reported.
The quantity of the catch in 1908 was smaller than
that reported at several previous canvasses, but its
value has never been exceeded. All of the 1908 prod-
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. ; 61
uct was sold fresh except 353,000 pounds, valued at
$19,000, which were salted.
The bulk of the value of the lake-trout catch, 76
per cent, represents the value of the catch made with
gill nets; 14 per cent, that of the catch with lines; 10
per cent, that of the catch with pound and trap nets;
and a small amount, that of the catch with fyke and
hoop nets and seines. The following tabular state-
ment gives the statistics of the catch, by apparatus of
capture:
LAKE-TROUT PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
ROtal vices cating ceenierescor 12, 024, 000 100 $800, 000 100
GIll NetS552.,2.¢senesacaues zeicceweas : 9, 460, 000 79 610, 000 76
DINGS 5. woz ceare vats vitae ciesira tate cence 1, 495, 000 12 113, 000 14
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs...-| 1,057, 000 9 77,000 10
Fyke and hoop nets................. 10, 000 (1) 800 ()
Seines.......- Sista cicit whvlatajesSes ee lePhayein ee, 1, 600 @) 100 @)
! Less than 1 per cent.
Lobster (Homarus americanus).—The lobster, a deca-
pod crustacean of great economic importance, is found
on the Atlantic coast from Delaware to Labrador.
It averages about 11 inches in length and about 2
pounds in weight, but the size varies with localities
and seasons. It is caught in pots and traps especially
constructed for the purpose.
The value of the lobster product in 1908, $1,931,000,
placed it first among all crustaceans, second only to
the oyster among marine invertebrates, and fifth
among the entire fishery products of the United States.
The catch, by states, is given in the following tabular
statement. It will be noted that the order of rank
according to value follows more or less closely the
geographical order from north to south.
LOBSTER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value,
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States:ce.c.cesesccess% 15, 279, 000 100 || $1, 931, 000 100
Malii®, ooo. 8 x djcrccas Saeee eee 9, 929, 000 65 || 1,269,000 66
Massachusetts 2,455, 000 16 307, 000 16
Rhode Island. 1, 425, 000 9 152, 000 8
Connecticut... 661, 000 4 84, 000 4
New York.... 423, 000 3 57,000 3
New Hampshire.......-..--. 264, 000 2 43, 000 2
New Jersey........--------- uate 115, 000 \ 1 16, 000 \ 1
Delaware s.c.0sxanoraeeesseens venders 5, 500 800
The lobster product was essentially a New England
product, the catch of the Middle Atlantic states form-
ing less than 4 per cent of the total. The Maine lob-
ster catch represented nearly 40 per cent of the value
of all fishery products of that state.
In the following comparative statement for the
New England states and the Middle Atlantic states,
respectively, statistics are given of the quantity and
value of the catch for those years covered by previous
canvasses. The largest product shown for any period
is that of over thirty million pounds reported in 1889-
1891, the greater part of which came from the New
England states. By comparing the returns from the
New England states for 1880 with those for 1908 a
decrease of 26 per cent in the quantity of the catch
and an increase of 292 per cent in its value are shown.
LOBSTER PRODUCT.
STATE GROUP AND YEAR. sient
uantity
(pounds). Value.
New England states:
1908 14,735,000 | $1,857,000
1905 11, 524, 000 1,319, 000
1902. 14, 756, 000 1,337,000
1898 . 14, 662, 000 1,277,000
1889 30, 450, 000 834, 000
VSB? cacvcirsscinsas te salen toutes cee ee cco eee 27,674, 000 732,000
Middle Atlantic states:
1908 545,000 74,000
374, 000 46,000
252,000 30, 000
485, 000 40, 000
339,000 29,000
To a certain extent the growth of the lobster fishery
under the protection of restrictive laws is directly
connected with the history of the lobster-canning
industry of Maine, first started in 1842. At first
the lobsters used for canning varied in weight
from 3 to 10 pounds, but gradually, owing to the high
price obtainable for fresh lobsters, the weight fell until
lobsters weighing as low as three-fourths of a pound
were employed. As a result of the very perceptible
diminution in the annual product caused by this
destruction of the young, canneries were in 1879 pro-
hibited from packing lobsters except from April 1 to
August 1, while in 1883 it was made illegal to can
lobsters less than 9 inches in length. The canning
season was subsequently shortened by law until in
1891 it was limited to the weeks between April 20 and
June 1. The last blow to the canning business, which
had been rapidly declining, was given in 1895, when
the minimum length for canning was fixed at 104
inches. Since this legislation was passed the industry
has disappeared from Maine. As early as 1884 every
state interested had passed laws to regulate and pro-
tect the lobster fishery. At about the same time
artificial propagation was begun by the United States
Fish Commission in an endeavor to check the dimi-
nution and possibly increase the supply; but so far
these efforts have met with little success. In no state
can lobsters shorter than 9 inches now be taken,
while in all the states the destruction of the female
62
carrying eggs is prohibited. Not only are the fry and '
larve artificially hatched and liberated, but the young
lobsters are protected through the fourth or fifth
larvee stages, in order to insure them against the many
dangers they encounter during the earlier period of
their existence.
Since the lobster-canning business in the United
States has ceased, the importation of lobsters has
greatly increased. The following tabular statement
shows the importation of lobsters, canned and un-
canned, for 1890, 1900, and 1908, for the fiscal years
ending June 30:
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
those years for which returns are available are given
in the following tabular statement:
SPINY-LOBSTER PRODUCT.
STATE AND YEAR. Quantit
uan
(pounds). Value.
California:
YOO isisiecereviices tas seme Spee ses ceeisis shale cue ceteeets wisi 573, 000 369, 000
1904: 0: os neon dnt Ae eee ek eee Se Ee meee 1, 078, 000 43, 000
1899. 607, 000 14, 000
T8O5 gasevcpeciecie ane agiciniaie mei Swann Sees arse Sy 558, 000 13, 000
S907 cence Benicio epclsjeim siseat slices mine ee 303, 000 8,500
1891. 272, 000 7,700
W890 isieccuewenwars ateece sbciee acicececiedis s Keeani Rein 278, 000 7,700
VRBO). sisscisssreurtdsserne ey owesersitiainsa VE De a eww eeeeieeielste see 266, 000 7,300
DBS Obs ccractateronnareys secre seeeatoce Sees meeanse ee 210, 000 5,600
Florida:
1908 wasn eee cee Semi cteeld ateoie s sieminarat SMI iatets sie 53, 000 2,600
1902 ooo i sis Ek ie SRS FORDE ssiseeines tet 56, 000 3,300
VOT ojo ivin isi cinieinines Soc SABER REE LEME EER SRN ee 158, 000 3, 200
IMPORTS OF LOBSTERS.
SOURCE: 1908 1900 1890
Quantity yr Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. | Value.
T0talicsescax: sas ve vexes 8, 213, 000 |$1, 401,000 | 7, 497,000 | $931, 000| $568,000
British Africa................ 136, 000 23, 000 144,000 | 11,000 |........
(62-5010 |: ene eee eee 8,064,000 | 1,375,000 | 7,329,000 | 915,000 | 491, 000
Newfoundland and Labrador. . 5, 300 1,500 17, 000 3,400 | 76,000
All other sources.......-..-.-- 7,700 1, 800 7,100 1, 400 800
The entire catch was made in pots or traps. The
lobsters are taken from the traps and put into floating
cages called cars, where they are kept until enough are
gathered to warrant shipment. They are marketed
either alive or boiled. On account of the higher price
received for the former the dealers often keep them
until sold in ‘‘live-cars,’”’ which are similar to those
used by the fishermen but much larger. Dealers often
build large pounds sometimes covering a number of
acres, where lobsters are fed until a satisfactory price
may be obtained.
Lobster, spiny.—Closely allied to the American lob-
ster is the spiny or rock lobster, often called craw-
fish or crayfish, found on the coast of California from
Monterey to San Diego, and also along the Gulf coast
of Florida. Its flesh is coarser and less tender than
that of the eastern lobster, but its characteristics and
habits are similar. The spiny lobster is more active,
however, swimming more rapidly through the water
and more often escaping from the ordinary lobster pots.
The total catch in the United States in 1908 was
626,000 pounds, valued at $71,000, which was a little
more than half the quantity caught in 1902-1904, but
about equal to the normal catch for the past ten years.
This fishery has reached much larger proportions in
California than in Florida. In 1908, 573,000 pounds,
valued at $69,000, were caught in California and only
53,000 pounds, valued at $2,600, in Florida. The
statistics of the catch of California and of Florida for
‘steadily from 1880 to 1899.
In California the spiny-lobster product increased
In 1904 there was an
abnormal catch, but in 1908 the total catch, while
greater than that in 1895, was slightly less than the
catch in 1899.
The entire catch in the state of California in 1908
was made with traps. Formerly set nets were used
extensively, especially by the Japanese fishermen, but
with great damage to the industry, for if small lobsters
under legal size were caught in these nets, it was almost
impossible to remove them without seriously maiming
or crippling them. As early as 1894 the several coun-
ties in California where these lobsters were caught
had made local provisions prohibiting the sale or
catching of lobsters from May 15 to July 15, and fixing
1 pound as the minimum weight. They are now pro-
tected by state laws establishing a closed season from
February 15 to September 15 and limiting the size to
be caught.
The California spiny lobster is canned as well as
sold fresh.
Mackerel (Scomber scombrus).—The mackerel is
found in the north Atlantic south as far as Cape Hat-
teras. It ranges from 9 to 18 inches in length and
from one-half pound to 3 pounds in weight, and is
caught in purse seines, pound nets, weirs, gill nets,
etc., and with hook and line. Small mackerel are
known as ‘“‘spikes’”’ when from 5 to 6 inches in length,
as “‘blinkers”’ when from 7 to 8 inches in length, and
as “tinkers’’ when 9 inches in length.
The catch in 1908 amounted to 12,103,000 pounds,
valued at $848,000. Four-fifths of this quantity was
marketed fresh and the remaining one-fifth was salted.
All of the salted mackerel, except a small amount
reported from Maine, was taken by the vessel fisheries
of Massachusetts. The following tabular statement
gives the statistics of the catch, by states:
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 63
MACKEREL PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value,
CONDITION OF PRODUCT AND STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States.......2......... 12,103, 000 100 $848, 000 100
Presi esscrde ie seis caciccescsase siec 9,870, 000 82 686,000 81
Balled 4.ccccnsasseoreaaans 2, 233, 000 18 162, 000 19
Massachusetts 10, 453, 000 86 761,000 90
Fresh....... 8, 222, 000 68 600, 000 71
Salted 2,231,000 18 161,000 19
Maine......... 380, 000 3 31,000 4
Fresh..... 378, 000 3 31,000
Salted. 2.2.2.2... 2,200 (4) 200 Q)
Rhode Island 537,000 4 25,000 3
New Jersey 501, 000 4 14,000 2
Connecticut 122,000 1 900 1
New: Mores: sissies xciecvenress enqociceys 106,000 1 6,600 J
Mar Gnd s....csiswaua tyeudexseamncicns 4,400 () 900 @)
1 Lesc than 1 per cent.
The quantity and value of the mackerel catch for
prior years, so far as statistics are available, are given
in the following tabular statement:
MACKEREL PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
12,103,000 $848, 000
16, 324, 000 1,107,000
20, 359, 000 1,137,000
8,960,000 491,000
16, 212, 000 1,109, 000
The data given for 1902 are for the New England
states alone, there being no statistics for the Middle
Atlantic states for that year. The catch of the Middle
Atlantic states, however, is of slight relative impor-
tance, having constituted, in the years for which
figures are available, only about 2 per cent of the
total.
About 72 per cent of the total value of the mackerel
product represented the value of the catch with seines,
22 per cent the value of that made with gill nets,
5 per cent the value of that with pound nets, trap
nets, and weirs, and 1 per cent the value of the cap-
ture with lines.
The statistics for the chub mackerel (Scomber
japonicus) and the Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus
maculatus) are not included in the foregoing presenta-
tion. Thecatch of the chub mackerel in 1908 amounted
to 639,000 pounds, valued at $16,000, the greater part
of which was taken by Rhode Island fishermen. While
this species closely resembles the common mackerel,
and is an excellent food fish, the average price in 1908
was much lower than that of the common mackerel.
The catch of Spanish mackerel was 3,806,000 pounds,
valued at $194,000, the greater part of which was
reported from Florida.
Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus).—The menhaden is
a fish of the herring family, found along the Atlantic
seaboard from Maine to Florida. It is known by a
great many local names, the most common being
‘nogy,” ‘“‘hardhead,” ‘‘hardhead shad,”’ ‘‘bony fish,”
‘whitefish,’ ‘‘mossbunker,” ‘‘bunker,”’ ‘‘cheboy,”
“‘marshbanker,”’ ‘‘ alewife,” ‘‘oldwife,” ‘‘ellwife,’’ ‘‘pil-
cher,” ‘‘green-tail,” ‘‘bug-fish,” ‘‘bug-shad,”’ ‘‘bug-
head,” ‘‘fat-back,” ‘‘yellowtail,”’ ‘‘shiner,” ‘‘herring,”’
etc. The average length of menhaden is from 10 to
12 inches, and the average weight from two-thirds
of a pound to 1 pound. They are caught in purse
seines, haul seines, gill nets, set nets, and weirs.
Their economic importance is due mainly to the oil
and guano which are produced from them; they are
also used as bait for mackerel, cod, halibut, haddock,
and sea bass. As a food fish they are sold fresh,
salted, and canned, ‘‘Fish meal,” a food for domestic
animals, is also made from them.
The menhaden is the most abundant fish found any-
where in the waters of the United States and forms
one of the principal fishery products. The total catch
in 1908 was 394,776,000 pounds, which quantity
represented one-fifth of the weight of all fishery prod-
ucts of the country, and was nearly 70 per cent greater
than the weight of the fishery product next in rank.
In value, however, this fish ranked fourteenth, con-
tributing $893,000 in 1908, or only 2 per cent of the
value of all fishery products. The catch, by states, is
given in the following tabular statement, in which the
states are ranked according to the value of their
respective products:
MENHADEN PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distribu- Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States............. 394, 776, 000 100 $893, 000 100
VilgING occ nee tenesacons tet a5 190, 089, 000 48 429,000 48
Delaware... ... -| 59,815, 000 15 152, 000 17
Connecticut... 28, 636, 000 7 93, 000 10
North Carolin 57, 412,000 15 70,000 8
Rhode Island. 17,942,000 5 48,000 5
New Jerseyisee scsi. vciseciaccicccsee 12, 417, 000 3 43,000 5
Maryland. nes seni ccereanececes 12, 293, 000 3 30,000 3
New York. <-scvseveccsrseseeses 12, 762,000 3 22,000 2
All other states!.......-...-.--- 3,411, 000 1 5,400 1
1 Includes Alabama, Florida, Massachusetts, and Mississippi.
In 1908 menhaden fishing was pursued along the
Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina,
and a small quantity of the fish was also taken in the
Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida. The menha-
den is very irregular in its movements. Some years
it goes as far north as Nova Scotia, and several men-
haden factories are situated in Maine ready to be
operated when the fish appear on that coast. In 1908
these factories were not operated. In 1900 this fish
was found along the coast of Texas, but none was
taken in that locality in 1908. Menhaden approach
the coast waters upon the advent of warm weather
and remain until the water cools. They are seen as
64 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
early as March in Chesapeake Bay, but not until much
later in the more northern waters. They usually leave
the colder waters of the North early in September, but
are found around Cape Hatteras as late as January.
It is impossible to give thoroughly comparable data
for former years for the United States as a whole, but
composite statistics are given in the following tabular
statement for the years 1880, 1889-1891, 1901—2, and
1908:
MENHADEN PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
394, 776, 000 $893, 000
531, 280, 000 1,075,000
448, 573,000 1, 060, 000
570, 424, 000 1
1 Not reported.
This fishery appears to have been less profitable in
1908 than in former years.
Purse and haul seines were the principal forms of
apparatus of capture used in this fishery, these two
alone taking 94 per cent of the total quantity in 1908.
Pound nets, trap nets, and gill nets took 6 per cent of
the product, while all other apparatus contributed less
than 1 per cent. The following tabular statement
gives the distribution of the product by apparatus of
capture:
MENHADEN PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distribu- Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
TOtal osc crane eteorteass 394, 776, 000 100 $893, 000 100
SeineS occas cece seceis cee 371, 636, 000 94 822, 000 92
Pound and trap nets.... 21, 138, 000 5 67,000 8
Gill Nets. isc ccscaiesccece 1, 983, 000 1 3, 300 es
AM OCDER 2: cieiciesisrcinteiceserserciste.cie 18, 000 () 200 G
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Mullets (Mugil cephalus and M. curema).—Two spe-
cies of mullet, known as the striped mullet and the
white mullet, figure among the fishery products of the
United States. The striped mullet is found on the
Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida and on the
coast of southern California, ascending streams; and
the white mullet, on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod
southward. Local names are ‘‘bluefish mummichog,”’
‘Sumping mullet,” ‘“‘sand mullet,” ‘‘fat-back,” ‘‘sil-
ver mullet,” ‘‘big-eyed mullet,’ ‘‘blue-back mullet,”
‘Liza,’ and ‘‘Josea.”” M. cephalus is the most
important food fish of the South, and greatly surpasses
M. curema both in numbers and in economic impor-
tance. It averages about 1 foot in length and 1 pound
in weight, but sometimes reaches a weight of from 4
to 5 pounds and a length of 2 feet. It is caught in
haul seines, gill nets, cast nets, pound nets, etc., and
is sold fresh and salted; the roe is also very valuable
food, and is sold fresh, salted, smoked, and dried.
Mullet in 1908 ranked thirteenth in value among
the fishery products of the United States. Its value,
including that of roe, was $908,000, forming 2 per cent
of the value of the entire fishery product and 3 per cent
of the value of the fish product proper. In the Gulf
of Mexico fisheries, from which over half of the total
was obtained, it ranked fourth in value and repre-
sented 11 per cent of the total value of products
reported for these fisheries. The following tabular
statement gives the mullet catch by states, which are
arranged according to the value of their product:
MULLET PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. | distri-
bution. bution.
United States.............06 33,703, 000 100 $908, 000 100
Florida. ......-..--.-- .-| 24,582,000 73 637, 000 70
North Carolina.... 5,070, 000 15 175, 000 19
Alabama.......... 1, 656, 000 5 33, 000 4
Mississippi.-.....- 1,035, 000 3 20,000
South Carolina... 664,000 2 19,000 2
Virginia... sje. 264, 000 1 9,400 1
Louisiana........- 133, 000 @) 5, 600 1
Georgia.....- 194, 000 1 5,400 1
Maryland.......... 47,000 @) 1,600 &
All other states ?........-....-..2.2. 59,000 @) 2,600 1
1 Less than 1 per cent.
2 Includes Delaware, Texas, New Jersey, California, and New York.
Florida, in which state mullet was the leading prod-
uct, furnished the bulk of the catch.
The mullet reported as salted amounted to 3,020,000
pounds, with a value of $122,000, of which 1,885,000
pounds, valued at $80,000, were from North Carolina;
1,046,000 pounds, valued at $39,000, from Florida;
and 89,000 pounds, valued at $3,100, from South
Carolina. The balance was marketed fresh. In-
cluded with this salted mullet are 135,000 pounds of
salted roe, valued at $15,000.
The value of the total mullet product in 1908 was
greater than that for any previous year, although the
quantity was exceeded in 1902-1904. The following
tabular statement gives the yield for those years for
which statistics are available:
MULLET PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
33,703, 000 $908, 000
41, 882,000 716, 000
-| 21,425; 000 333, 000
-| 121,258,000 392, 000
10, 185, 000 243,000
8, 237,000 224,000
1 Exclusive of the product of the Pacific coast division, for which the quantity
was not reported.
2 Exclusive of the product of the Pacific coast division.
The quantity and value of the salted mullet-roe
product for certain years are given in the following
tabular statement:
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 65
SALTED MULLET-ROE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
135, 000 $15,000
135, 000 6,300
144” 000 13,000
299, 000 17,000
Gill nets took two-thirds of the mullet caught and
seines almost one-fourth.
Mussels —The black, thin-shelled salt-water mussel
(Mytilus edulis) is found on the Atlantic coast as far
south as North Carolina and on the Pacific coast north
of Monterey. The shells are used as a cultch for
young oysters, as paint holders, and as ornaments.
Large quantities of another genus (Modiola) are sold
to farmers along the New Jersey and Long Island
coasts for fertilizer. The fresh-water mussels ( Union-
adz) are of much value as food for animals and birds,
and the shells are used in making pearl buttons.
Mussels appear among the products of 17 states. In
the case of the salt-water product the quantity of the
catch is reported on the contained meat basis, while
for the fresh-water varieties, which are taken primarily
for the shells and pearls, the quantity represents the
weight of shells. The salt-water product, which is the
product referred to in this report under the head of
‘‘Mussels,”’ is included in the returns of six states—
California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
New York, and Rhode Island. Connecticut was the
only one of these states reporting also the fresh-water
varieties. The remaining 11 states which had mussel
fisheries obtained their product entirely from the fresh
waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.
The meat of the salt-water product is sold for bait to
fishermen and for fertilizer to farmers, and is also
pickled and sold as an article of food. The shell of the
salt-water mussel is utilized to a certain extent in the
manufacture of buttons and mother-of-pearl articles,
but no record of this shell product enters into the re-
turns given in the present report. The statistics of
the salt-water product are given in the following tabu-
lar statement:
MUSSEL PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States..........-..... 8, 542, 000 100 $12, 000 100
NOW! YOLK joo ecincst deciscccewis oaciseate 8,175, 000 96 8,200 68
Gall Orme ccaraiesicidinnicicarbershusneiaece 68, 000 1 1,600 13
New Jersey... ed 287,000 3 1, 400 12
Connecticut... 7,200 Q) 200 2
Rhode Island. . 3,500 ql 100 1
1,100 Q 100 ]
1 Less than 1 per cent.
76786°—11——_5
The products of the fresh-water mussel-shell fisheries
were as follows:
MUSSEL-SHELL PRODUCT: 1908.
Value.
STATE.
Quantit:
(pounds). Pearls
Total. Shells. and
slugs
United States 81, 869, 000 $692,000 || $392,000 | $300,000
TMI O1S mess ein cose Beisraoce ee --| 39, 809, 000 355, 000 184, 000 170, 000
IM Giang . i061. nniicnica cies 14, 431, 000 155,000 81,000 74,000
Arkansas...............- 8,060, 000 70,000 42,000 28,000
Towa....-- 4,699, 000 44,000 33,000 11,000
Kentucky.... 3, 413, 000 20, 000 18,000 1,900
Tennessee 2,170,000 14,000 1, 400 4,200
Wisconsin 1,150, 000 12,000 6, 900 5, 400 -
Minnesota 767,000 8, 400 4,700 3,700
Qhid.e-s<2cis% 1,597,000 7,000 6, 600 400
Connecticut. . 5, 403, 000 5, 400 55400 [ecw sescacs
issouri...... 70,000 1,600 1,000 600
Michigan. o.oo sic. cemcigeic-s Satpascieystens dys 200, 000 80 800 |..-.-.----
Illinois reported 52 per cent of the total value of the
mussel-shell product and considerably more than
one-half of the value of the pearl output. Indiana
was next in order, contributing a product valued at
22 per cent of the total. The fisheries of the Ohio
River and its tributaries, during 1908, were more
prolific than those of the Mississippi River proper.
Of the total value of the Illinois product, $114,000
came from the Ohio River, which, added to the value
of the yield from Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and Ten-
nessee, made a total of $309,000 as the value of the
mussel-shell product of this river and its tributaries.
The Illinois River produced shells valued at $139,000,
which leaves-a balance of $239,000 as the value of those
reported from the Mississippi and its other tributaries.
Considerably over half the value of pearls reported
($154,000) was from the Ohio River district, as
compared with a value of $146,000 reported from
the Mississippi River district, including the fisheries
of the Illinois River. Of shells, however, the Missis-
sippi River district, including the Illinois River, pro-
duced a quantity valued at $230,000, compared with
the product of the Ohio River district, which had a
value of $156,000. In the Ohio River district the
mussel product was much more valuable than that
of all other fishery products combined, and in the
Mississippi River district it was second only to carp.
The total shell product for 1908 shows an increase
of 72 per cent in quantity and 81 per cent in value,
compared with 1899, when the quantity was 47,648,000
pounds, valued at $216,000. The yield of pearls was
not reported in 1899. In the returns of shells for that
year only five states were represented—Illinois, Iowa,
Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. The Tlinois
product has had a marked growth from 8,910,000
pounds in 1899 to 39,809,000 pounds in 1908. The
Minnesota output, too, was much larger in 1908 than
1899. In the other three states, however, there has
been a pronounced decrease. Iowa in 1899 produced
66 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
20,354,000 pounds of shells and Wisconsin 16,260,000
pounds. In 1908 these two states produced, respec-
tively, 4,699,000 and 1,150,000 pounds. In 1894 the
industry was barely started, and the total product
was only 196,000 pounds, valued at $2,700. Of this,
Iowa supplied 148,000 pounds and Illinois the balance.
Pearling has uniformly preceded traffic in shells.
In hunting for pearls the fishers wade in the shallow
waters, feeling for the mussels with their feet or
looking for them through a water telescope, and
gather them by hand when found. In deeper water,
garden rakes, to which are attached small bag nets,
are used from small boats. Tongs are also an imple-
-ment of common use. As the quantity of pearls
taken becomes less and the excitement of hunting for
them consequently subsides, the fishermen begin to
look to the shells for their main remuneration. They
then adopt more systematic methods, making use of
the crowfoot dredge. This implement consists of an
iron bar to which iron hooks with from two to four
prongs are attached at intervals. As the bar is
dragged downstream, the mussels, which lie with their
valves open upstream, close tightly upon the prongs
as soon as touched. Most of the boats are fitted with
motors to propel them upstream, while to make the
best use of the current downstream a device called a
mule is attached. The latter consists of a square of
canvas stretched on a frame and let into the water
from the prow of the boat, so that it presents a broad
surface for the current to act upon.
The decrease in the quantity of the mussel shells
taken in the Iowa and. Wisconsin fisheries means that
the pearl industry in those states is in danger. Manu-
facturers have been interested in schemes for providing
a future supply, either by protective legislation, which
shall promote natural increase, or by an attempt at
private culture. The latter plan, however, has not
been more than considered. The especially discour-
aging feature is that at least 10 years are required to
grow most of the varieties to commercial size, during
which period the mollusk is beset with many dangers,
both from the fish which prey on it and from the physi-
ographical conditions which surround it. The only
experiments in private culture have been in the growth
of pearls within the mussel, not of the mussel itself.
These attempts have not yet passed beyond the experi-
mental stage. The enactment of protective legislation
also presents its problems. Because of the different size
of various species at maturity no uniform restriction
as to minimum size can be prescribed, and if a specific
size for each variety were established it would be
impossible, owing to the close resemblance between
nearly all of the different species, for any but biolo-
gists to do the gathering. Furthermore, as the spawn-
ing time is very irregular and uncertain, the proper
period for a closed season is difficult to determine.
The state of Illinois, however, has enacted legislation
establishing a closed season from October 1 to April 1
and has set limits to the capacity of apparatus used.
The importance of mussel shells dates from 1891,
when a German opened a button factory at Muscatine,
Iowa, modeled after those in Germany. His atten-
tion had been directed: to this country by tariff regu-
lations and attracted to this section of the United
States by the abundance of shells left after the opera-
tions of pearl fishers. Previous to this an attempt to
establish such a factory had been made in Tennessee,
but had failed. The rapidity of the development of
this industry is shown by the fact that at the close
of 1897, 13 factories had been opened, while during the
first six months of 1898, 36 others were established in
Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois.
Pearl fishing was followed throughout the Missis-
sippi Valley by the Indians and by the early settlers
in a small way, but the first excitement in recent years
was in 1878 in Ohio. Since that time at regular inter-
vals ‘‘crazes’’ have developed in one section or an-
other. Among these “‘crazes’’ may be mentioned that
in Wisconsin beginning in 1889 and later extending
down the river, that in Arkansas in 1895, that on the
Clinch River in Tennessee in 1901, that on the Wabash
in 1903, and that on the Illinois River in 1906. At the
height of the excitement in Arkansas it is estimated
that 10,000 persons were engaged in pearl fishing. The
shells of the mussels were a waste product until the
opening of the button factories. Now the shells are
the important product of the industry, while pearls
furnish the speculative element.
Oyster (Ostrea virginica).—Oysters ranked first in
value among all fishery products of the United States
in 1908, with a total product of 33,330,000 bushels,
valued at $15,713,000, or 29 per cent of the value of
all fishery products. Of the total oyster product,
market oysters represented 77 per cent in quantity
and 81 per cent in value. Although oysters from pri-
vate beds formed but 44 per cent of the total quantity,
yet culture enhances the value to such an extent that
their total value was greater than that of the product
from public areas. In the case of private areas the
ownership often lies in the state. In some states, how-
ever, it is considered a part of the riparian property of
the landowners, and in others—Connecticut and New
York, for example—oyster grounds have been sold out-
right and the state has no further claim thereon.
The statistics for 1908 of market and seed oysters
from public and private areas are given in the next
tabular statement.
The oyster industry was reported for every state on
both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, with the excep-
tion of New Hampshire. The greatest production
was from the beds of Long Island Sound and Chesa-
peake Bay. While Connecticut ranked first in the
value of this product, there was little difference in the
value of the output of the states of Connecticut, New
York, Virginia, and Maryland, each of which yielded
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL.
oysters valued at over $2,000,000. Oysters were the
principal fishery product in 15 of the 21 states in which
oyster fisheries were carried on, viz, Alabama, Connec-
ticut, Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Missis-
sippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Penn-
sylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and
Virginia.
67
The greatest yield of oysters from natural or public
beds was in Chesapeake Bay, the combined product
of Maryland and Virginia from public areas repre-
senting 47 per cent of the quantity and 58 per cent of -
the value of the total product from public areas. In
Virginia the cultivation of oyster beds was also car-
ried on extensively, and in fact over 57 per cent of the
value of all oysters produced in Virginia was con-
In Massachusetts, Rhode
ne ae tributed by private areas.
STER PRODUCT: . . . —.
Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia,
Quantity. Value. Georgia, and the Pacific coast states, the majority of
KIND AND AREA. : a
the oysters were dredged from private areas, while in
Per cent Per cent i i i
siydhald | acres | aesnenk. (eee: Maine, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
tion. tion. Florida, and the Gulf states, the oysters were taken
mostly from public beds. Of the product of Pennsyl-
TOtali: csearcene sowqeeweeaseay 33, 330, 000 100 ||$15, 713, 000 100 :
vania and Delaware the larger part was taken from
Market oysters....................-- 25, 470,000 76 || 12,721,000 81 . :
public areas, but the product from private areas had
From Public areas... ns dene 14, 806, 000 44 4, 416, 000 28
From private areas. -| 10, 665, 000 32 8, 305, 000 53 a greater value.
Seed oysters... 2.2 ......eeeeee ee 7, 859, 000 24 || 2,992,000 19 The statistics of the quantity and value of both
From public areas............. 3, 851, 000 12 |] 1,035,000 7 | market and seed oysters, by states ranked according to
From private areas. ...........- 4,008, 000 12 1,957, 000 12 . . .
the amount reported, are given in the following table:
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908.1
Total. Market. Seed. Per cent of total.
sts Per cent Per cent Per cent
Amount. distribu- Amount. distribu- Amount. distribu- || Market. Seed.
tion. tion. tion.
QUANTITY (BUSHELS).
United States; sccccj22e vieecbege ns setececa se eaten ence aeeedee 33, 330, 000 100 25, 470,000 100 7,859, 000 100 76 24
Maryland sisi: seciews cogent enseineiseials scnibeneeeneedtcommmaia ee fea 6, 232, 000 19 5, 830, 000 23 402, 000 5 94 6
VIPPIDIG 2 screed eng see 5,075, 000 15 3,672, 000 14 1, 403, 000 18 72 28
Connecticut 3,948, 000 12 1,395, 000 5 2, 553, 000 32 35 65
Louisiana......-....---.- 3, 650, 000 11 2,966, 000 12 684, 000 9 81 19
New Jersey 2, 586, 000 8 920, 000 4 1, 667, 000 21 36 64
New York.............-- 2, 463, 000 7 1, 849, 000 7 614, 000 8 75 25
South Carolina 1, 563, 000 5 1, 563, 000 6 LOO! cciciantAn vars
Georgia. <c26.sse0seee secs 1, 459, 000 4 1, 436, 000 6 98 2
Rhode Tela nd sc sigs joo: his sina nae as wants sie sltielweeranes ea 1, 229, 000 4 1, 223, 000 5 100 (2)
Mississipph. occc.cccccecedciguesecwecamemnes 1,068, 000 3 1, 068, 000 4 100) | secede cies
Florida.......-- 1, 067,000 3 1, 067, 000 4}. BOO! | ccceincioe sae
North Carolina 13, 000 2 754, 000 3 93 4
Alabama....... 590, 000 2 536, 000 2 91 9
TNOKAS i. cceisv crecrd ee ase eRe eed SE SaA RCS TE Ga ete imdassisnissth, 497,000 1 490, 000 2 98 2
Delaware... ccccscicswsneussiss swasicwawsnwes suchas seeeisiens reese cine es 348, 000 1 155, 000 1 45 55
Penns y] Wai oi c2 oseveeeesssisiceacicne os 277,000 1 129, 000 1 47 53
Wasbingtons ccccuc2 veeecees vouctereee ce 204, 000 1 189, 000 1 93 7
Massachusetts. <2: ovscaencs vecenerans sees 155, 000 (G 124, 000 2 80 20
Califormiais .ccccicccacosccusas teteeecae tse 104, 000 a 104, 000 2 100) | ss.ccaseaees
50) 2120) | en ee ea 1,300 2 1,000 2 77 23
Maine econ es snmeag.omreiertata's sista slatonizis sin daemminsiss memes en eterwet 200 2 200 # 106 | ccceay
VALUE
United StateSirsccceeaees wsriscscdcaaiveiae nates Heenecereses el $15, 713, 000 100 |} $12,721,000 100 $2, 992, 000 100 81 19
CONnNSCtIGUE ...): occ snc ranceuas perenne eee ses teseigingomiciotme seine se 2, 583, 000 16 1, 168, 000 9 1, 415, 000 47 45 55
ew York..... 2, 553, 000 16 2,173, 000 17 0
Virginia........ 2,348, 000 15 1,967, 000 15
Maryland...... 2, 228, 000 14 2, 127, 000 17
New Jersey... 1,369, 000 9 884, 000 7
Rhode Island 969, 000 6 967, 000 8
Louisiana. . 763, 000 5 675, 000 5
Washington 352, 000 2 346, 000 3
Georgia. ... 339, 000 2 334, 000 3
(OF) 00 (0) 4 11 (: ere ae ee en Bree ee ter ee ee eo 337,000 2 337, 000 3
PION AG is. 50sec wtaetaccaadeseeeeiic rz 296, 000 2 296, 000 2
Mississippl iz acacaiassadecntes seer 295, 000 2 295, 000 2
North Carolina.............--.---- 236, 000 2 227, 000 2
Massachusetts..............----- 218, 000 1 203, 000 2
Pennsylvania. ..............---- 176, 000 1 134, 000 a
MAAMAM Ale cc ssersemiat seeders 173,000 1 169, 000 af
Delawarescccsscscawwsieas vances 169, 000 1 112, 000 1
Texas.... 168, 000 1 167,000 1
South Car 137,000 1 137,000 1
Oregon, 4,200 0 4,000 3
SMM shi Oe ae cesses ons ceeseoccea rc enie guiewaigeeeee stain’ Sota duewingemenenine 200 Q 200 2
1 The oyster catch is credited to the state in which the home port of the fisherman is located.
3 Less than 1 per cent.
68
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The following tabular statement gives comparative statistics for 1908 and earlier years, by geographic
divisions:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
DIVISION. 1908 1897-1901 ! 1889-1892 2 1880
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity 3
(bushels). | Vue. |! bushels). | V@!ue. |] (bushels). Value. |! (hushels). Value
United States 33, 330,000 |$15, 713, 000 || 26,910,000 |$14, 375, 000 || 28, 264,000 |$16, 152,000 |/ 22,195,000 | $9,035,000
Atlantic coast division.............2...--.2200.. sees ee eee cece ee eee 27,268,000 | 13, 434,000 |] 24,011,000 | 12,583,000 || 24,979,000 | 14,507,000 || 21,602,000 | 8,712,000
We Sai SEB EG oc saa sccnsncnmmneansescwnnrmunemeencenenee 5,332,000 | 3,771,000 || 2,649,000 | 1,911,000 |/ 1,726,000 | 1,393,000 537,000 655 , 000
Middle Atlantic states. ean eee oe .-| 16,982,000 | 8, 842,000 |} 19,750,000 | 10, 288,000 || 21,346,000 | 12, 403,000 || 20,756,000 | 10,932,000
South Atlantic states... ...... 22.2.0. .cceceeccecc cece eeeceeeenee 4,364, 000 821,000 || 1,612,000 385,000 |} 1,192,000 254, 000 310,000 120,000
Gulf of Mexico division.............22..22.20022 cece cece eeeceeeeeeeee 6,343,000 | 1,586,000 || 2,380,000 749,000 || 2,941,000 796, 000 579, 000 313, 000
Pacific coast division.......2.....20000.200cec cece eee cece cee ceeeeees 309, 000 694,000 519,000 | 1,043,000 |} 3,592,000 849, 000 15,000 10,000
1 Combined statistics for South Atlantic states and Gulf of Mexico, 1897; New England states, 1898; Pacific coast states, 1899; and Middle Atlantic states, 1900-1901.
2 Combined statistics for New England states, 1889; Gulf of Mexico, 1890; Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic states, 1891; and Pacific coast states, 1892.
A marked increase is apparent in the product of the
New England and of the South Atlantic states and a
decrease in that of the Middle Atlantic states. In
1880 the product of the Middle Atlantic states formed
94 per cent of the total quantity, while in 1908 it
formed but 51 per cent. The product of the New
England states, on the other hand, progressively in-
creased in quantity, representing 16 per cent of the
total in 1908, as compared with 2 per cent in 1880,
while the proportion represented by the product of the
South Atlantic states increased from 1 per cent of the
total quantity in 1880 to 13 per cent in 1908.
Pike perches (Stizostedion vitreim and S. canadense).—
The ‘‘wall-eyed pike” (S. vitrewm) is known as “glass
eye,” ‘‘pike perch,” ‘‘yellow pike,” ‘‘dory,” and “‘blue
pike” on the Great Lakes, and as ‘‘salmon,” ‘‘jack,”’
“‘okow,” “blowfish,” and ‘‘green pike” in other
localities. It is an excellent food fish and sometimes
reaches a weight of 20 pounds. The sauger, or sand-
perch (S. canadense), which is smaller and less im-
portant as a food fish, is especially abundant in
the Great Lakes. The catch of pike perch in 1908
amounted to 15,247,000 pounds, valued at $580,000.
Of the total amount, 15,115,000 pounds, valued at
$569,000, were taken in the Great Lakes, and the bal-
ance, all of which was of the wall-eyed species, wes
caught in the Mississippi River or its tributaries.
This fish was taken in 17 states, but almost 97
per cent of the total quantity was caught in Ohio,
Pennsylvania, New York, and Michigan. Ohio alone
is credited with 57 per cent of the total quantity and
50 per cent of the value. The statistics of the catch,
by states ranked according to the value of the product,
are given in the following tabular statement:
PIKE-PERCH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United Statesic.cccscicsccaiccans 15, 247,000 100 $530, 000 100
Ohio. 8, 625, 000 57 288, 000 50
Michigan. 1,194,000 8 98, 000 17
Pennsylva: 2,956, 000 19 98, 000 17
New York... 2,001, 000 13 , 000 12
Minnesota...... 273,000 2 12,000 2
Wisconsin....-.--........... 88,000 1 6,900 1
All other states !..........2....2-.-. 110, 000 1 9,000 2
1Includes Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
: ¢ Kentucky, Louisiana,
Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
As indicated by a comparison of the values for 1908
and previous years, this fish is growing rapidly in
importance. No figures are available for the Missis-
sippi River district in 1899, but as the Great Lakes
furnish practically the entire amount, the figures
would be changed very little by the addition of the
river catch. The statistics of the catch for previous
years are given in the following tabular statement:
PIKE-PERCH PRODUCT
OF THE GREAT LAKES.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds), Value.
15,115,000 | $569,000
-| 9,998, 000 407, 000
11,070, 000 381,000
This fish is taken principally in gill nets and pound
nets, less than 6 per cent of the total quantity in 1908
being caught with other kinds of apparatus.
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 69
Pollack (Pollachius virens).—The pollack, a food
fish of importance, is found mainly off the New Eng-
land coast. It sometimes appears as far south as
Virginia. The average weight is about 10 pounds.
The sounds are used in the manufacture of glue, the
livers are sold in large quantities for the manufacture
of oil, and the tongues are cut out and sold fresh.
The pollack catch in 1908 amounted to 29,462,000
pounds, valued at $402,000, less than 1 per cent of the
total value for all fishery products and over 1 per cent
of that for fish proper. The value of the catches of the
fisheries of Massachusetts and Maine combined repre-
sented 97 per cent of the total. The statistics by
states are given in the following tabular statement:
POLLACK PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...........2..... 29, 462, 000 100 $402, 000 100
Massachusetts vax. edveypied Boreas yeeaenve 20, 006, 000 68 313, 000 78
Maine...........-- 8, 941, 000 30 75, 000 19
Rhode Island 266, 000 1 7,800 2
New York... 133, 000 (1) 3, 500 1
New Jersey........ 84, 000 8 1,100 1)
Connecticut......- 25, 000 1) 800 1)
New Hampshire 6, 300 () 100 (@)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The yield for 1908 shows a large increase in value,
compared with the product of 1905, but the weight
was approximately the same for the two years. In
both of these years, however, the product was much
greater than in any other year for which statistics
are available, as is shown by the following tabular
statement:
POLLACK PRODUCT.
YEAR. &
uantity
(pounds). Value.
29, 462,000 | $402,000
29, 033, 000 305, 000
-| 9,448, 000 65, 000
8, 442,000 90, 000
6, 125, 000 67,000
A small proportion of the pollack catch, less than 5
per cent of the total product, was salted by the fisher-
ies in 1908, and a still smaller percentage was salted
in 1905.
The catch is taken principally in the vessel fisheries,
and the most important apparatus used are lines. In
1908, 68 per cent of the total quantity was taken with
lines, 23 per cent with seines, and about 8 per cent with
other kinds of apparatus.
Salmon.—The salmon of the Atlantic coast (Salmo
salar) is found along the coast of the New England
states. At different ages the fish are known as “‘parrs,”
“smolts,” ‘‘grilse,” ‘‘kelts,” and ‘‘salmon.” The
adults weigh from 15 to 40 pounds. The landlocked
salmon, or fresh-water salmon, or Sebago salmon (S.
sebago), is found, as the name implies, in fresh waters,
generally landlocked. The steelhead (Salmo gairdneri)
is found in coastal streams from San Francisco north-
ward.
The blueback salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is found
on the Pacific coast from the Columbia River north-
ward; and the California salmon, or chinook salmon,
or quinnat (O. tschawytscha), is found from Monterey
to Alaska. The dog salmon (O. keta) ranges from the
Sacramento River to Bering Strait; the humpbacked
salmon, or lost salmon (O. gorbuscha), from the Sacra-
mento River to Alaska; and the silver salmon or white
salmon (O. kisutch) is found in all rivers from the
Sacramento River to Bering Strait.
The following are improperly called salmon and are
not included in the following tables under that name:
The California yellow-tail (Seriola dorsalis) which is
known as the ‘‘white salmon” on the Pacific coast;
the chub (Ptychocheilus luctus) of the Colorado River
is sometimes called salmon; ‘‘kelp salmon” is applied
to the cabrilla (Paralabrax clathratus) at Monterey;
‘Jake salmon” to the lake trout in the lakes of north-
ern New York; and ‘‘salmon” and ‘‘jack salmon” to
the wall-eyed pike in the streams of the South.
Next to oysters, salmon is the most important of the
fishery products. Its value in 1908 was $3,347,000,
or 6 per cent of the total. It was first in importance
among the different species of fish proper, and repre-
sented 11 per cent of their total value. Practically
the entire catch was made on the Pacific coast, in
which district salmon represented 49 per cent of the
total value of fishery products. The statistics, by
states, are given in the following tabular statement:
SALMON PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States................. 90, 417, 000 100 |} $3, 347, 000 100
Washington ...| 54,312, 000 60 1, 571, 000 47
OVOROM seis cnenemetc aden .-| 26,876, 000 30 || 1,301,000 39
California. ..01cenees seen 9, 211, 000 10 471, 000 14
Maine....... 19, 000 (1) 3, 700 (1)
Connecticut 100 (1) (2) 1)
Massachusetts. ...........-..-.-5-65 (8) Q) (2) 1)
1Less thanlpercent. 2 Less than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds.
The figures for the salmon product given here are
for the product sold in the open market or to the can-
neries. The statistics for the product of the canneries
and packing houses are given on page 283.
The statistics of the product of the Pacific coast
states, classified according to variety, are as follows:
70
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
SALMON PRODUCT OF THE PACIFIC COAST STATES: 1908.
VARIETY. Total. California. Oregon. Washington.
Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
90, 398, 000 $3, 343,000 9,211,000 $471,000 26, 876,000 $1,301,000 54, 312,000 $1,571,000
39, 359,000 2,080, 000 8,846, 000 460,000 18,176,000 1,056, 000 12,336,000 | — 565,000
13, 050, 000 538,000 147,000 4,900 403, 000 20,000 12,501,000 513,000
19, 144,000 368,000 141,000 4,200 4,923, 000 109, 000 14,080,000 255,000
4,885,000 234, 000 76,000 2,800 2,469, 000 109,000 2,339, 000 123,000
13, 960,000 1225000 I) oso scscicis2 cisereiosell ae arcrdneemmerccin 905, 000 7,000 13,055,000 115,000
The species are ranked in the above statement
according to total value; according to quantity the
order is chinook, silver, dog or chum, blueback, and
steelhead. The per cent distribution, by species, of
the quantity and value is given below:
SALMON PRODUCT OF
THE PACIFIC COAST
STATES: 1908 (PER
CENT DISTRIBU-
VARIETY. TION).
Quantity. | Value.
100 100
44 62
14 16
21 li
5 7
Dog, OF CHUM 2. ciscsie vain aeiciecisaseeenesmass asin sexes cise, 15 4
The next tabular statement gives the statistics
of the Pacific coast salmon catch for those years for
which data are available.
The fluctuation to be noted in earlier years in the
relative amount of the product reported for Oregon
and Washington, respectively, is due to the peculiar
habit of the principal species caught in Puget Sound
in coming in greatest abundance every fourth year,
and somewhat, perhaps, to an uncertainty in reporting
results of operations on that portion of the Columbia
River which forms the boundary between the two
states. The great decrease in bulk shown for Washing-
ton in 1908, as compared with 1899, amounting to
nearly 50 per cent, is in marked contrast to the slight
increase in the Oregon product, while the contrast in
the movement of the value since 1899 is also marked.
In California there was a decrease in both quantity and
value from 1888 to 1895, but since then there has been
a steady upward movement in value, although in 1908
the quantity of the catch shows a decrease from the
high figures of 1904.
SALMON PRODUCT OF PACIFIC COAST STATES.
eae Total. California. Oregon. Washington.
Quantity Quantity 7 Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
90, 398, 000 $3, 343, 000 9,211,000 $471,000 26, 876, 000 $1, 301, 000 54, 312, 000 $1, 571, 000
107, 309, 000 3, 549, 000 12, 343, 000 456, 000 6, 714, 000 1,151,000 68, 252, 000 1, 943, 000
130, 005, 000 3, 505, 000 7, 283, 000 262, 000 21,374,000 830,000 } 101,348, 000 2, 413,000
86, 936, 000 2, 447,000 5, 216, 000 154, 000 36, 426, 000 1, 230, 000 45, 294, 000 1, 063, 000
48, 807, 000 2, 083, 000 8, 539, 000 411, 000 23, 948, 000 985, 000 16, 320, 000 687,000
The Alaska salmon product in 1908, which is not
included in the above presentation, was 198,953,000
pounds, valued at $10,672,000. This was practically
all marketed in a preserved condition, and the data
therefor will be found in Chapter VIII, which relates
to the packing and canning establishments.
Comparative figures for the salmon catch of New
England as reported for prior years are as follows:
SALMON PRODUCT OF
THE NEW ENGLAND
STATES.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
19,000 $3, 700
86,000 20,000
53,000 0,000
206, 000 ,000
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 71
A summary of the statistics for the total salmon
catch of the United States, obtained by combining the
figures for the Alaska salmon product with those for the
salmon product of continental United States, is given
in the following tabular statement:
SALMON PRODUCT OF CONTINENTAL UNITED
STATES AND ALASKA: 1908.
DIVISION. Quantity. Value.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. distri-
bution. bution.
United States............. 289, 370, 000 100 $14, 018,000 100
289, 351,000 100 14,015,000 100
5 ---| 198,953,000 69 10, 672, 000 76
Pacific coast states.......... 90, 398, 000 31 3,343,000 24
New England states............ 19,000 Q) 3,700 Q)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The distribution of the catch of salmon, exclusive
of the Alaska product, by apparatus of capture, was
as follows:
fish proper. Shad was reported by 17 states, includ-
ing all the Pacific coast and all Atlantic coast states,
except New Hampshire. The statistics of the catch,
by states ranked according to the value of their
respective products, are given in the following tabular
statement:
SHAD PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. | distri-
bution, bution.
United States............-.--- 27, 641, 000 100 |} $2,113,000 100
26 486, 000
3,942,000 14 373,000 18
Florida...... 2,836,000 10 320, 000 15
Maryland 3,937,000 14 , 000
New Jersey 3,004, 000 11 229,000 11
Georgia s.cs3 2 sxeisceceeeeesssoseemes 1,333, 000 5 190, 000 9
Delaware qin ceases aeeeees 870, 000 3 68, 000 3
Maine vies eam ackss ee cea ticicincins 770, 000 3 42,000 2
South Carolina.............-....--- 464,000 2 41,000 2
Pennsylvania.......-......--------- 593, 000 2 000 2
New YOtkiosc0cs.guocesadeesenacaue 360,000 1 27,000 1
Connecticut... 122,000 (@) 18,000 1
Californja. . 1,169, 000 4 12,000 1
Massachusetts 89, 000 1 12,000 1
Oregon...... 431,000 2 8,000 (1)
Washington. 100, 000 & 1,900 3
Rhode Island... :.2.2-0s00sescess oe 4,500 1 400 1)
SALMON PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. | distri-
bution. bution.
Total cececeussc sexeeeaesvesses 90, 417,000 100 || $3,347,000 100
Gill nets 51 || 1,941,000 58
Pound and trap nets. -| 28,744, 000 32 882,000 26
Seines... 13,290,000 15 415,000 12
Wheels an 1,823,000 2 97,000 3
All other. .... 342,000 (1) 12,000 (4)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Shad.—The common shad (Alosa sapidissima) is
found on all the coasts of the United States and in
some inland waters, the most important shad fisheries
being in the rivers of the Atlantic slope. The average
weight is about 4 pounds and the average length
about 2 feet.
The names ‘‘mud shad,” ‘‘gizzard shad,” ‘‘winter
shad,” ‘‘stink shad,” ‘‘hickory shad,” and ‘‘white-
eyed shad” are applied to different species. The
menhaden is called ‘‘hardhead shad” about Cape Ann,
‘“‘bug-shad” in Virginia, and ‘‘yellow-tailed shad”
from North Carolina to Florida.
Shad was fourth in value among the fishery products
of the United States in 1908. Among fish proper it
was surpassed in value only by salmon and cod, while
in the Atlantic coast fisheries, cod is the only fish for
which a greater value was reported. Shad is indige-
nous to the rivers of the Atlantic coast, and the trans-
planting of this species to the Pacific coast was among
the early activities of the United States Fish Com-
mission. The extent to which the undertaking suc-
ceeded is shown in the tables which follow. The
catch of shad in 1908 amounted to 27,641,000 pounds,
valued at $2,113,000, or 4 per cent of the value of the
entire fishery product and 7 per cent of the value of
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The first five states reported 78 per cent of the total
value of this product. In all of these states shad
ranked high in importance among the various species
taken. In North Carolina it was first in value; in
Virginia second, ranking next to oysters; in Maryland
third; and in Florida and New Jersey fourth.
The distribution of the shad catch of 1908, by divi-
sions and state groups, was as follows:
SHAD PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
DIVISION AND STATE GROUP.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount, | distri-
bution. bution.
TOtal esaceesesececenstewee ees 27,641,000 100 |} $2,113,000 100
Atlantic coast division..........-..- 25,941, 000 94 2,092, 000 99
Middle Atlantic states. -| 16,079,000 58 || 1,096,000 52
South Atlantic states. . 8, 572,000 31 23, 000 44
New England states ... 1, 286, 000 5 72,000 3
Pacific coast division...........--.. 1,700, 000 6 22,000 1
Gulf of Mexico division ............ 3, 600 (4) 200 Q)
1 Less than 1 per cent. 2 Less than $100.
The quantity and value of the shad reported for
1908 and earlier years are given in the following
tabular statement:
SHAD PRODUCT.
YEAR. Sects
uantity
(pounds). Value.
WOO e.c.eic s siecesaanine SBekebed ate seeewaetaued eenneoeecene Se 27,641,000 |$2, 113,000
1902-1905. bes ers — .-| 28, 563, 000 | 1,702,000
1897-1899 . 49,787,000 | 1, 520,000
1889-1392 -| 41,645, 000 | 1,764,000
geass cicin see eee --| 35,737,000 | 1,672,000
TBS Oo sacosatcs2scid.t sentence cotuleticaielie sk ce OE EG DEAREST ERs 18, 075, 000 996, 000
72 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The statistics show a marked decrease in quantity
during the past decade, accompanied by an increase
in value. Prior to 1897, both quantity and value
increased steadily, but in that year an unusually large
catch demoralized the price and made the total value
much lower than in years for which smaller quantities
were reported. Concerning the increase in the shad
product during these earlier years, the Report of the
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1898 (p. 104)
states:
There was a decrease in the yield in nearly every river on the
coast until 1880, when the results of artificial propagation became
apparent. * * * Since 1880 the aggregate yield has greatly
increased. * * * Itshould be noted, however, that this largely
increased yield has been accompanied and even surpassed by an
increase in quantity and effectiveness of the apparatus of capture,
but it was made possible by the results of artificial propagation.
When the shad fisheries were at the height of their
activity, they employed nearly 25,000 men and used
apparatus valued at over $2,000,000.
The Middle Atlantic states have always supplied the
greater proportion of the shad product, their contri-
bution varying from more than one-half to three-
fourths of the total; and the South Atlantic states
have been next in importance, with a fraction varying
from one-fifth to one-third. In the New England
states there has been little change from year to year.
The greater part of the shad product was sold fresh,
although a considerable quantity was salted by the
Chesapeake Bay fishermen and also by the fishermen
of Maine and other states. Gill nets were the leading
apparatus of capture, and in 1908 took a quantity
representing 61 per cent of the total value. Pound
and trap nets, used in the large estuaries, contributed
29 per cent of the total value, while the catch with
seines represented 8 per cent, and that with all other
apparatus 2 per cent.
Shrimp and prawn.—The shrimp is a decapod crus-
tacean found in large numbers on all our coasts and in
many inland waters. The usual length is about 2
inches, but some attain a larger size. They are caught
in dip nets, purse nets, etc., and are used for food and
bait. The prawn is generally larger than the shrimp,
often having a length of 7 inches.
The catch of shrimp and prawn in 1908 was 19,080,-
000 pounds, valued at $494,000. The distribution, by
states ranked according to the value of their product,
is given in the following tabular statement:
SHRIMP AND PRAWN PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE,
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...............-- 19,080, 000 100 $494, 000 100
Louisiana. 8,581, 000 45 213, 000 43
Florida 4, 353, 000 23 92,000 19
Mississippi.......-.......2..2-0--+++ 4,121,000 22 81,000 16
California..........00..0222-22222005 , 000 1 31,000 &
Washington............2--2..2--0-- 247,000 1 22,000 4
GOTEIA an. sx seems cemece erie 528, 000 3 19, 000 4
South Carolina. . 452, 000 2 19,000 4
North Carolina............-.....--- 371, 000 2 9,000 2
PORES! ese cuvnin wer enceaine aeee SSeS SteBIRS 118, 000 (1) 4,400 1
Massachusetts............--.-2----- 5,800 2 1,300 (1)
AD AINE ors eaieionis cca don andaekessint 37,000 a 1,200 (1)
New Jersey isi: sje :2 seria? aseuicaindiewiy 4,900 Q) 1,000 0
New York. coessccedeceaitieeatnectine 1,500 i 600 9)
SR OMM CSSOG sie micro Ssoesiis easier anna, 1,700 1) 200 Q)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The prawn catch included in the above was 4,706,000
pounds, valued at $104,000, and the shrimp catch
14,374,000 pounds, valued at $390,000. The distri-
bution of the prawn product, by states, was as follows:
PRAWN PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States................- 4,706, 000 100 $104, 000 100
POT Ga sic. c.cclsioideanedacns Gaeceaye 4, 152, 000 88 84,000 81
GeOrei a. o..5.2chdeGiaaetenss aneee ated 394, 000 8 13, 000 12
South Carolina.................-... 160, 000 3 7,300 7
By a subtraction of the foregoing figures from those
presented for the same states in the tabular statement
preceding, figures for the shrimp catch of these states
are found to be as follows: Florida, 202,000 pounds,
valued at $7,400; Georgia, 134,000 pounds, valued at
$6,700; and South Carolina, 291,000 pounds, valued at
$12,000. In all the remaining states the total catch
was composed of shrimp.
The bulk of the shrimp and prawn product came
from the warm southern waters, and by far the largest
portion from Louisiana. In both Louisiana and Mis-
sissippi shrimp and prawn ranked next to oysters in
value among the fishery products.
The distribution of the shrimp and prawn catch, by
divisions, is shown by the following tabular statement:
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 73
SHRIMP AND PRAWN PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
DIVISION.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu-|| Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Totalenecageuaed szsewcaeeacee 19, 080, 000 100 $494, 000 100
Gulf of Mexico division. ............ 12, 561, 000 66 271, 000 55
Atlantic coast division 5, 708, 000 30 142, 000 29
Pacific coast division. . 04, 000 3 53,000 il
Mississippi River divis 306, 000 2 28, 000 6
In 1880 the shrimp and prawn product was 3,214,000
pounds, valued at $209,000; but in 1888 the product
from the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific coast divi-
sions combined amounted to 13,398,000 pounds, which
is slightly in excess of the output of these two divisions
in 1908. The price in 1888 was considerably lower
than at present, for the value of the product of that
year was $277,000, compared with $324,000 reported
from the same divisions in 1908. Statistics of the
product for the entire United States are not available
for any one year prior to 1908, but comparative data
are presented for the several divisions for various
years in the following tabular statement:
SHRIMP AND PRAWN
‘ PRODUCT.
DIVISION AND YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
Gulf of Mexico division:
1908... 12, 561,009 | $271,000
1902. 12, 367, 000 199, 000
6, 791, 000 117,000
7,451,000 | 109,000
8,491,000 | 135,000
5, 708, 000 142, 000
3, 825, 000 91,000
756, 000 38, 000
53, 000
98, 000
113, 000
165, 000
242, 000
4,907,000 | 142,000
306, 000 28, 000
200, 000 16, 000
91, 000 5, 600
In the Gulf of Mexico division a considerable por-
tion of the catch is consumed by the canners and
packers. In 1908, 3,269,000 pounds were canned,
342,000 pounds dried, and 79,000 pounds pickled. On
the Pacific coast, in the flourishing days of the shrimp
industry, the entire catch was taken by Chinese, and
large quantities of dried shrimp were exported to
China. The assiduity of the fishermen of this race is
held responsible for the great decrease in the Pacific
coast product noted above.
The bulk of the catch was made by shore and boat
fisheries, except in Mississippi, where vessel fisheries
took over 80 per cent of the product. Seines took more
than 90 per cent of the catch, while 9 per cent of the
total quantity was taken with other nets and less
than 1 per cent with beam trawls and pots and traps.
Skins.—The fur skins reported in connection with
the census of fisheries are those of the muskrat, mink,
and otter. Although the value of such products is not
large, compared with that of most of the distinctively
fishery products, yet these industries give employ-
ment to a large number of men and are of considerable
local importance. The aggregate value of the skins
of these aquatic fur mammals reported was $255,000,
of which muskrats contributed $136,000, or 53 per
cent; mink $89,000, or 35 per cent; and otter $30,000,
or 12 per cent.
The value of fur skins reported is given, by states, in
the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF FUR SKINS: 1908.
STATE.
Total. || Muskrat.; Mink. Otter.
United States...............-..25. $255,000 || $136, 000
Missouri -
QOhio..
Georgia. .
New Jers
Minnesota...
North Carolina.
ToWeesei ss sc 2iacas itr
All other states?.......2.....2.....-2+--
1 Less than $100.
2Includes Wisconsin, Michigan, Virginia, Arkansas, New York, and Texas.
The trapping of muskrats was reported in 14 states,
and the number and value of the skins taken were as
follows:
MUSKRAT SKINS: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Number. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States. 457,000 100 $136, 000 100
Maryland. seiodeiuneiee 115, 000 25 50, 000 37
Delaware.... pitied 76,000 17 1 24,000 18
Louisiana. - . - 119, 000 26 16,000 12
Tllinois......... 50, 000 11 14,000 10
LO. 225 eccices 41,000 9 14,000 10
Missouri. .....- 29,000 6 12,000 9
New Jersey. ..-. siete Sor 9,100 2 2,300 2
Minnesota. .....- asia igh 5, 000 1 1,200 1
All other states?................---- 11,000 2 2,900 2
1 Includes $3,800, the value of 110,000 pounds of muskrat meat.
2Includes North Carolina, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Virginia, and New York.
More than one-half of the value reported repre-
sented the product of the contiguous states of Dela-
ware and Maryland. Although muskrats are trapped
for the skins primarily, the meat also is marketed to a
considerable extent. The sale of 110,000 pounds of
muskrat meat was reported from Delaware, the value of
which, $3,800, has been included in the foregoing
statement.
While ten states reported the trapping of mink,
almost eight-ninths of the product was from Louisiana,
as shown by the following tabular statement:
74 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
MINK SKINS: 1908.
STATE.
Number. | Value.
United States..........--.--2-00 22sec eee e ener ences 45,000 $89, 000
Louisiana cic ciconciwuswne vis seceeeence esse ce 39, 000 77,000
TUNIS 6 ssc raio sees ccremciceis aircionineiiatresaee ee eS ee 3,800 6, 000
Missouri... .... 800 3,100
Minnesotan... cov.4iccceeaee sa xcese rcs eeeae yee teenies nae 300 1,100
All other states! 600 1,700
1Includes North Carolina, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia.
The product of otter skins, by states, was as follows:
OTTER SKINS: 1908.
STATE.
Number. | Value.
(Uli ted Sta tess viecascer onteeyesmeive sox sameoanateeheeemans 3,800] $30,000
Florida..... 2,900 21,000
Louisiana. . 600 4,700
Georgia..... eee 400 3,600
AlVother states 7 oc. oes cote seroeccc teenie ciacieinsie dneaesces (2) 300
1Includes North Carolina, Arkansas, Missouri, Virginia, and Maryland.
2 Less than 100 skins.
Snappers .(Lutianide).—The red snapper (Lutianus
aya), which is the most important of the snappers,
is a large fish, bright red in color, and is found from
Long Island southward, but in greatest abundance
along the coasts of the Gulf states. The gray snapper,
or mangrove snapper, also. known in Florida as
“lawyer,” is a common species. The mutton snapper,
dog snapper, or jocu, the schoolmaster, or caji, the
silk snapper, and the lane snapper are all fishes of food
value common in the West Indies and southern Florida.
The name is locally applied to other kinds of fish.
The red grouper is called ‘‘brown snapper’ and ‘‘red-
bellied snapper’? in Florida. The rosefish is called
“snapper”? on the North Atlantic coast; the bluefish
is called ‘‘snapper’’ and ‘‘blue snapper”’ on the New
England coast; and the cod that live near the shore
away from the ledges are called ‘‘black snappers.”
The statistics of the catch of snappers as reported
in 1908 are given in the following tabular statement:
SNAPPER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...........2.--.- 13,854,000 100 $651, 000 100
PIOPS 2 osc case somseiararieeaccceiss 8,061, 000 58 449, 000 69
Alabama wscccscsieerenes ----| 2,635, 000 19 92,000 14
Texas....... -| 2,252,000 16 79,000 12
Georgia........ 880, 000 6 30,000 5
South Carolina. 2 14,000 8 400
North Carolina.............----2--- 13,000 1) 300 1)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
The red-snapper product of Florida, Alabama, and
Texas contributed over 98 per cent of the total value
of the snappers caught in these states. The catch in
the other states comprised 13,000 pounds, valued at
$300, from North Carolina, and 1,000 pounds, valued
at $30, from South Carolina.
Comparative statistics of the entire snapper product
for 1908 and former years, so far as data are available,
are given in the following tabular statement:
SNAPPER PRODUCT.
YEAR. einai
uanti
(pounds), Value.
13,854,000 | $651,000
14, 165, 000 430, 000
-| 6,313,000 206, 000
3,529,000 | 103, 000
1, 483, 000 67,000
The statistics for 1902 show 13,764,000 pounds of
red snappers, valued at $418,000, and 401,000 pounds
of all other snappers, valued at $11,000. In reports
prior to 1902 no division is shown, and all snappers
except the red were probably included under the head
of miscellaneous fish.
The chief fishing ground is off the west coast of
Florida. As these fish habitually feed along the
ground in from 10 to 40 fathoms of water, lines are
the only form of apparatus used in their capture.
Sponge.—The sponge which is of commercial value
is found off the west coast of Florida, and the sta-
tistics in regard thereto are given in connection with
those for the Florida fisheries on pages 103 and 104
of this report. The value of the sponge catch in 1908
was $545,000.
Squeteague-—The common weakfish, or squeteague
(Cynoscion regalis), is found in abundance along the
Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida. It is known
as ‘‘drummer” about Cape Cod; ‘‘yellowfin” about
Buzzards Bay; ‘‘weakfish”’ in New York and New
Jersey; ‘‘bluefish”’ in Delaware and Virginia; ‘‘gray
trout,” ‘‘sun trout,” ‘‘shad trout,” “sea trout,” and
‘‘salt-water trout” in the Middle and South Atlantic
states; and ‘‘squeteague,” ‘‘squit,’’ ‘‘chickwit,’’ etc., in
various places. It averages about 24 pounds in weight,
but some individuals attain a weight of 30 pounds.
The spotted squeteague (C. nebulosus) is found from
New Jersey to Texas, and is somewhat larger than
the other species. The California ‘‘bluefish” (C.
parvipinnis) and the great ‘‘white sea bass” of Cali-
fornia (C. nobilis) are other species of weakfish.
In 1908 squeteague were taken in all the Atlantic
coast states south of Massachusetts, in all the Gulf
states, and in California on the Pacific coast; but
almost one-third of the catch was made off the New
Jersey shores and along Delaware Bay. The entire
product amounted to 49,869,000 pounds, and was
valued at $1,776,000. Squeteague ranked seventh in
value among all fishery products. Nearly the entire
amount was sold fresh, the small quantities salted in
North Carolina and Florida amounting to less than 1
per cent of the total product. The following tabular
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 75
statement shows the statistics of the catch, by states
ranked according to the value of their product:
SQUETEAGUE PRODUCT: 1908.
: Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States... c.ccc0 io. nowes 49, 869, 000 100 |! $1,776, 000 100
New York.... 11, 151, 000 22 451, 000 25
New Jersey... 11, 814, 000 24 342, 000 19
North Carolina... 4, 635, 000 206, 000 12
Florida......... 4, 864, 000 10 196, 000 il
VATBHG oo ,2 oF oceesieeiigaeeue 4, 491, 000 9 139, 000 8
Louisiana....... 1, 103, 000 2 82,000 5
Rhode Island... 2,427,000 5 72,000 4
Massachusetts. . 1,971, 000 4 58, 000 3
Maryland......... 1, 191,000 2 47,000 3
ORAL yes xeesmex nie 1,055, 000 2 46, 000 3
California......... 1, 337, 000 3 42,000 2
Delaware. 2,590, 000 5 29, 000 2
Mississipp’ 517,000 1 28, 000 2
Georgia 140, 000 (1) 12, 000 1
Alabam: 208, 000 iC 10, 000 1
South Car se 183, 000 1 8, 700 (
Connecticut.........----------- si 180, 000 1 6, 800 ti
Pennsylvania..................206-- 12,000 1 200 1
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Comparative figures for those years for which sta-
tistics are available are given in the following tabular
statement:
SQUETEAGUE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
M908 S cios sencnciemrsnen tet asaeiedowetneerecdmiasas saercmpsieleare 49, 869, 000 |$1, 776, 000
1902-1904... wares Bate .-| 43,510,000 | 1,242,000
1895-1898... seen aaa --| 31,971, 000 733, 000
TSS8-89).. 6:5 cirnays cise mciesiosacapees's fs sisis ie aisles nie eceiele aie wie se 13, 044, 000 438, 000
Both the quantity and the value have increased since
1888-89, but except during the period from 1888-89 to
1895-1898 the rate of increase has been greater for the
value than for the quantity.
Squeteague fishing begins in the latter part of April
and lasts from six to eight weeks, until the schools
begin to move off into deeper and cooler waters.
Nearly one-half of the entire catch in 1908 was made
in pound nets, trap nets, and weirs, and one-third in
seines. The following tabular statement gives the sta-
tistics of the catch, by apparatus of capture, for 1908:
SQUETEAGUE PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. distri-
bution. bution.
49, 869, 000 100 || $1,776,000 100
.| 24, 135, 000 48 807, 000 45
33 581,000 33
12 249, 000 14
4 94,000 5
2 45,000 3
Sturgeons (Acipenseridx).—Sturgeons are found on
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and in many inland
waters. The various species are known as ‘‘lake stur-
geon,”’ ‘‘white sturgeon,’”’ ‘‘shovelnose,” etc. The
Atlantic sturgeon attains a length of from 5 to 12
feet and a weight of from 400 to 500 pounds. They
are sold fresh, pickled, and smoked, for food; caviar
is manufactured from their eggs; the skin is made
into leather; and the sounds are used in the manu-
facture of glue and isinglass. A valuable oil is some-
times obtained from the parts not used for food, and
the refuse is used for fertilizing purposes.
These fishes were taken in 31 states and with the pos-
sible exception of catfish and carp were the most widely
distributed fishes reported. The aggregate catch was
2,072,000 pounds, valued at $157,000. To these fig-
ures should be added those for the sturgeon caviar
product which was reported separately and has been
included in the statistics of caviar. The sturgeon
caviar product was, in many cases, reported in con-
junction with paddlefish eggs or caviar. For this
reason the sturgeon caviar can not, in all cases, be seg-
regated from that of the paddlefish. The paddlefish
(Polyodon spathula), locally known as ‘‘spoonbill,’”’
“duckbill cat,’’? and ‘‘shovelfish,’’ is found in all the
larger streams of the Mississippi Valley. It is a poor
food fish, although the roe is used extensively for
caviar. The production of sturgeon and paddlefish
caviar was 79,000 pounds, valued at $79,000, of which
69,000 pounds, valued at $70,000, was from states re-
porting a catch of sturgeon and comprised, in the
main, sturgeon caviar. The following tabular state-
ment gives the statistics of the sturgeon catch by states
and of the caviar product for the same states, which
are ranked according to the combined value of these
products:
STURGEON AND CAVIAR PRODUCT: 1908.
anaTe: Sturgeon. Sturgeon caviar.!
toed
value. . ‘
Quantity Quantit;
(pounds). | Value. |] & ounds). Value.
United States..... $228,000 |} 2,072,000 | $157,000 69,000 $70,000
VATEINIA 22. es mseaaseanees 49,000 183,000
New Jersey......-.------ 23,000 132,000
New York. 23,000 105, 000
Towa...... 16,000 215,000
Maryland.. 16,000 37,000
Minnesota. 11,000 164,000
Wisconsin - 8,800 112,000
MiGHi sans 2.2.22. nies 8,000 57,000
TWAT ONS sais nas iciersrsisisspsrece sie’ 7,300 178,000
i Es ( E22): eae ee ee 7,200 | ° 2, 000
Delaware..........--.--- 7,100 31,000
GeOT elas eisisss acces aer 2 7,000 100,000
Oregon. <.cicie: scenes 6, 800 114,000
North Carolina.........- 6, 400 62,000
Washington. 6,000 185, 000
Florida. ... 5,300 62,000
Missouri. .- 5,100 132,000
Pennsylvan 4,300 , 000
Kentucky... 2, 400 60,000
Maine....... aan 1, 200 8, 200
All other states?......... ' 5, 500 67,000
! A small quantity of caviar from species other than sturgeon may be included.
2 Includes California, Nebraska, Ohio, Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Kansas,
Massachusetts, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
76 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES,
The following tabular statement, giving the distri-
bution of the sturgeon catch by geographic divisions,
shows that in quantity the product of the fisheries of
the Mississippi River and its tributaries ranked first in
1908, while the catch of the Atlantic coast fisheries,
more particularly that of the Middle Atlantic states,
was of the greatest value.
STURGEON PRODUCT: 1908.
‘Quantity. Value.
DIVISION AND STATE GROUP.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States...............2. 2, 072, 000 100 $157, 000 100
Atlantic coast division. ............- 649, 000 31 69, 000 44
Middle Atlantic states . 418, 000 20 49,000 31
South Atlantic states 217,000 10 18, 000 11
New England states . 14, 000 1 1,500 1
Mississippi River division 845, 000 41 39, 000 24
Great Lakes division..... 262,000 13 36, 000 23
Pacific coast division. . 309, 000 15 13, 000 9
Gulf of Mexico division..........-.. 7,200 1 700 1
Returns are not available for the country as a whole
for a series of years, but figures for the various geo-
graphic divisions and groups of states are as follows:
STURGEON PRODUCT.
STATE GROUP OR DIVISION AND YEAR. ae
uantity
(pounds). Value.
New England states:
QOS jccias wsincietenicicgiae saa eewmnmiaccisisitetintoltens oeleseettog 14,000 $1,500
W90S eraieie stissciscrecainsesiicnnmemaiins daeangeeeremigen ee 21, 000 1, 600
VOD 2 Ged tetany trey te nce ab sk Reet De had imaoue 18, 000 1,300
1808 soe cncaneviersteweseersseeeeeerianeseeeeeabes 21,000 800
1888. ...-. dba cea ere Sta Sse picts is So ity ae Th 4,500 200
Middle Atlantic
DOOR ons eeacich epee ess tase SEE ieee 418, 000 49, 000
QOS ac aja ie cies cieserszegejatcists tiendindrciece 677,000 42,000
VS97 scctisicad amos t cee tended 2, 308, 000 84,000
1894 oc cceereie rece qued geese rc ocmtad seasae amuse tmecs caer 2, 636, 000 66, 000
South Atlantic states:
1908 217,000 18, 000
218, 000 11, 000
1897 930, 000 25, 000
1890 488, 000 10, 000
Gulf of Mexico division:
1908 700
14,000
1,300
36, 000
40, 000
51,000
1, 427, 000 50, 000
2,799, 000 106, 000
845, 000 39, 000
946, 000 27,000
2,250, 000 63, 000
309, 000 13, 000
138, 000 4,300
295, 000 15, 000
3, 140, 000 80, 000
3,775, 000 56, 000
The following tabular statement, which shows the
distribution of the catch by apparatus of capture,
indicates that various appliances were used in taking
the product:
STURGEON PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
DOGAM oje:3 sisssdiedrassisdiosaesenatoia 2,072,000 100 $157, 000 100
GIN NETS: 6520 tc et aanatencscas snescte 775, 000 37 69, 000 44
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. .. . 344, 000 17 32, 000 20
Seines 327, 000 16 18, 000 11
Lines........ 187, 000 9 17,000 ll
Trammel nets 336, 000 16 16, 000 10
All other... 103, 000 5 4,600 3
Whale products.—The value of the whale products
reported amounted to $497,000. These products
consisted of 63,000 pounds of whalebone, valued at
$215,000, and 529,000 gallons of oil, valued at $282,000.
Of the latter, 452,000 gallons, valued at $252,000, was
sperm oil, and 76,000 gallons, valued at $30,000, whale
oil. In 1908 the entire amount from the Pacific coast
was reported from the whaling fleet sailing from San
Francisco, although in years past a small amount of
whale products has been reported from Washington.
The home port of the Atlantic whaling fleet, with the
exception of a few vessels from Provincetown, is New
Bedford, Mass. In 1908 nine whales were stranded on
Ponce Park Beach, Fla., from which the oil was ex-
tracted; one was caught off Cape Lookout, N. C.; and
a number were taken by two vessels sailing from
Connecticut ports.
In the following tabular statement, which shows
the quantity and value of whale products in 1908, the
figures for Florida, North Carolina, and Connecticut
are combined under the head ‘‘All other states:”
WHALE PRODUCTS: 1908.
| Whalebone. Whale oil.
|
DIVISION AND
Value. Value.
STATE. Total 6
value. |! Quan- Mans
fs tity ; Per oa Per
ounds). cen cent
Amount.) qistr;. || lons). |Amount. distri-
i bution. bution.
United States. ./497,000 || 63,000 /$215, 000 100 |/529,000 |$282, 000 100
Atlantic coast divi-
BION 2 ccs see Cowes 365,000 |} 31,000 | 97,000 45 |/504, 000 | 269, 000 95
Massachusetts .| 336,000 || 30,000 | 89,000 41 ||462,000 | 247,000 88
Allother states | 30,000 1,900 7,600 4 || 42,000 | 22,000 8
Pacific coast divi-
BION sisisvss) cide cevevans 132,000 |} 32,000 }| 119,000 55 |} 24,000 | 138,000 5
No statistics are available for the country as a whole
between 1888 and 1908, but by combining the Pacific
coast statistics for 1899 with those of the New England
states for 1898, and making a similar combination for
1904 and 1905, comparative data are secured sufficient
to indicate the general trend of the whaling industry.
PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 17
The following statement giving the value of the whale
products for specified years shows that there has been
a gradual decline:
DOSE os ras tea each ed dai al sae waaay tn es $497, 000
RST aL: ARR Re Re ROTO ener a UO AT eee 873, 000
RNG rcnseceman secede cccidd wale aehnuceccame 722, 000
11s, ee eo Sea NT eT ee ernos re 1, 404, 000
SES co ssaaibatshasateericoneeseanit 0-0 Al dees A Uc lates t 1, 065, 000
if] neem eee eens Ae oer PRR PON Ae et ORCI Rane 2, 324, 000
For the Pacific coast states the period from 1890-
1892 was the high-water mark of the whale fisheries.
The statistics for the Pacific whaling fleet for certain
years from 1880 to 1908 are given in the following
tabular statement:
WHALE PRODUCTS TAKEN BY PACIFIC FLEET.
YEAR. Whalebone. Whale oil.
a
value.
‘i Quantit Quantity
(pounds). | Yue. |) (gallons), | Value
NOOR Sees cr ceceeneed $132, 000 32,000 | $119, 000 24,000} $13,000
434, 000 95,000 | 415,000 43, 000 18, 090
457, 000 207,000 | 436,000 70, 000 20, 000
307, 000 99,000 | 287,000 73, 000 20, 000
999, 000 197,000 | 937,000 210, 000 62, 000
1,190, 000 224,000 |1,119, 000 235, 000 71, 000
786, 000 170,000 | 680,000 298, 000 105, 000
582, 000 120,000 |} 520,000 201, 000 62, 000
691, 000 197,000 } 586,000 292, 000 105, 000
202, 000 ) @) ee )
1 Not reported. 2 Not reported separately.
The comparative statistics of the catch of the
Atlantic fleet are as follows:
WHALE PRODUCTS TAKEN BY ATLANTIC FLEET.
YEAR. ,Whalebone. Whale oil.
Total
value. ; .
Quantit: Quantity
(pout as. Value. |) (ations). | Value.
$365, 000 31,000 | $97,000 504,000 | $269, 000
440, 000 56,000 | 193, 000 524, 000 247, 000
383, 000 19, 000 90, 000 , 00 293, 000
265, 000 27,000 66, 000 416, 000 199, 000
821, 000 98,000 } 320, 000 864, 000 501, 000
680, 000 125,000 | 341,000 646, 000 339, 000
1, 034, 000 223,000 | 569, 000 930, 000 465, 000
2} 1227 000 @) (?) C) (2)
1 Not reported. 2 Not reported separately.
The average value per gallon of the product of whale
oil in 1908, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, was
the highest reported at any time. Sperm oil con-
tributed the greater portion of the value reported for
whale oil, and in 1908 was valued at 50 per cent more
a gallon than other kinds of whale oil. It is derived
exclusively from the sperm whale and is used chiefly
asalubricator. In previous reports sperm oil was not
segregated from other kinds of whale oil.
Whalebone, or baleen, is chiefly used by whip mak-
ers, dressmakers, and corset manufacturers. It varies
in color and fineness and is received from the vessels
in lengths varying from 1 to 15 feet.
Ambergris, another product of the whale, while very
valuable in the preparation of fine perfumery, is a very
uncertain product. It is sometimes found floating
out at sea and sometimes along the shore. None was
reported in 1908. In 1905, 94 pounds, valued at
$17,000, were reported from Massachusetts, and in
1889, 37 pounds, valued at $7,750. In 1878 a vessel
of New Bedford reported 136 pounds that sold for
$23,000, and in 1858 another New Bedford vessel
secured 600 pounds of ambergris, valued at $10,500.
The total quantity reported by the American whaling
fleet from 1836 to 1880 was 1,668 pounds.
Whitefish (Coregonus).—Whitefishes are among the
most important fresh-water fishes of America. The
common whitefish (C. clupeaformis) is the most valuable
species of all, although the others are highly esteemed
as food. It is found in the Great Lakes region and is
known as ‘‘humpback,”’ ‘‘bowback,”’ and ‘‘highback”’
whitefish; it is known also as ‘‘Otsego bass’ in the
neighborhood of Otsego Lake, N. Y. Other species of
economic importance are the Rocky Mountain white-
fish (C. willtamsoni) and the Menominee whitefish (C.
quadrilateralis), also known locally as ‘‘round white-
fish,”’ ‘‘frostfish,’’ ‘‘shadwaiter,”’ ‘‘pilot fish,” ““chivey,”
‘‘blackback,” etc. Coregonus albus is the common
whitefish oF Lake Erie.
There are included under this name the bluefin
(Leucichthys nigripinnis) and the longjaw (Z. prog-
nathus), commercially classed with the whitefishes,
although they belong to the same genus as the lake
herring.
The name is locally applied to the bluefish on the
Hudson; to the menhaden in western Connecticut; to
the tilefish in California; and to the beluga by whalers.
The whitefish catch is confined to the Great Lakes,
Lake of the Woods, and Rainy Lake. In value it
ranked fourth among the fishery products in those
waters with a catch in 1908 valued at $524,000, which
is less than 1 per cent of the total value of the United
States fishery product, but 14 per cent of the value of
the product of the Great Lakes. Every state border-
ing on the Great Lakes shared in the catch of white-
fish, but nearly two-thirds of the total value was con-
tributed by the fish reported from Michigan. In that
state whitefish ranked second in value, representing
23 per cent of the total value.
The distribution of the catch, by states ranked
according to the value of their product, is given in the
following tabular statement:
WHITEFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
STATE.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
United States................. 7,722,000 100 $524,000 100
ichiean Laiveuabins eeeemenaie Seater 4,772,000 62 339, 000 65
elie Sai hepa case ese RINSE ESS 732,000 9 60,000 1
Ficonain 1, 274,000 17 56, 000 11
Pennsylvania. 455,000 6 37,000 7
New York 179, 090 2 15,000 3
Minnesota 242,000 3 11, 000 2
Tndianas cc ccssciciviss. strseerjstnnsistosaeass 52,000 af 5,000 1
MNOS so cscnseiceevswgecaney seen , 000 Q@) 800 (1)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
78 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
In addition to the whitefish product included in the
above statement, there were reported 2,300 pounds of
WHITEFISH PRODUCT: 1908.
caviar prepared from whitefish roe, valued at $200, state: Longiaw. Bluefin. Menominee.
which are included in the statistics for caviar.
istributi i ntit; Quantity Quantity
The distribution of the catch by fishing grounds was Quantity | value. || Sands). | Value. || Gounas). | Value.
as follows:
United States| 1,028,000 |839,000 || 712,000 [829,000 |} 302,000 |_ $9,600
WHITEFISH PRODUCT: 1908. 1,100 () 200 Q) 300 (1)
870/000 | 36,000 ||........2.2-[eees.--- 149,000 | 6, 200
35,000 | "700 i;400 |“) 1,000] "100
Quantity. Value. 121,000 | 2,300 |) 710,000 | 29,000 |} 151,000) 3,400
FISHING GROUND.
Per cent Per cent 1 Less than $100.
Pounds. oo Amount. | distribu-
jon. tion. . 2 ; : :
The yield of whitefish in 1908 shows a continuation
Motalicn as bocce nshehe cece 7, 722, 000 100 || $524,000 100 | of the recovery shown in 1903 from the downward
Lake Michigan ...........-....-.--- 3,553, 000 46 241,000 46 movement which had culminated in 1899, yet the
Lake Eric....... oe “22) 1/504; 000 19 || 122; : : :
Lake Huron}... 1,469,000 . 19 91,000 77 | catch was little more than one-third as heavy as in
Lake Superior.......... 2221} 1}140; 000 15 ae :
Lake Ontario... 220.0 56,000 1 53400 1 | 1880. The statistics for those years for which fig-
ures are available are given in the following tabular
1 Includes Lake St. Clair.
Nearly all the whitefish product was marketed fresh,
but 342,000 pounds, valued at $17,000, were reported
salted and 15,000 pounds, valued at $1,300, were
smoked. The combined value of the salted and
smoked product formed only 3 per cent of the total
value of the catch.
Although in some cases the returns specified the
allied varieties as Menominee, longjaw, etc., in the
majority of cases the catch was reported as whitefish
without segregation, and hence, the returns can not
be depended upon as showing the entire catch of
specific varieties. For 5,680,000 pounds of whitefish,
valued at $447,000, or 85 per cent of the total value,
the variety was specified.
The catches of the longjaw, bluefin, and Menominee
whitefishes reported separately (chiefly from Michigan
and Wisconsin, with small quantities from Minnesota
and Illinois), were as follows:
statement:
WHITEFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
OO 5c csbiay3 sie adlaadey decades eS ceeeet gays Sadacrencke apeiss Hae IE 7,722,000 | $524,000
i 338, 000
339, 000
394, 000
692, 000
1
1 Not reported.
Gill nets, pound nets, and trap nets took nearly all
of the catch. The proportion of the total value
credited to gill nets was 60 per cent and that credited
to pound and trap nets 39 per cent; while fyke and
hoop nets, seines, and lines took less than 1 per cent of
the total.
CHAPTER VII.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
ALABAMA.
The state of Alabama has the shortest coast line of
any of the states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, and
its fishing interests, whether measured by the number
of fishermen, capital invested, or products, are the
least of any of the Gulf states. Among the states
engaged in fishing in 1908, Alabama ranked twenty-
fourth in the value of all products, second in the red
snapper fisheries, and sixteenth in the oyster industry.
The oyster industry was by far the most important
fishing industry of the state and contributed nearly
45 per cent to the total value of all fishery products
in 1908. The other fisheries with products exceeding
$10,000 in value for the year were, in the order of
value of products, the red snapper, mullet, catfish,
buffalo fish, squeteague, and fresh-water drum fisheries.
The chief fishing grounds are Mobile Bay, Mississippi
Sound, and the Gulf of Mexico; commercial fishing is
also conducted in the Mobile, Alabama, and Tombigbee
Rivers. All of the foregoing together constitute the
Gulf of Mexico district. The only other fishing ground
of the state is the Tennessee River.
The following statement shows the principal items
of the Alabama fisheries in 1908:
Number of persons employed .........--..----------+--- 972
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ............---- $164, 000
Apparatus of capture........--...----+-+--+----+-e- 23, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash. ............ 82, 000
Value of products.......-..-.-------- 2-2-2 eee e eee eee 387, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The rapid
growth of this industry in Alabama during the past
20 years is shown in the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
ene ;
ployed, Vessels
YEAR. exclu- and | Appara- |
raed of Total. ||boats,in-| tus of oe Value.
shores cluding | capture. |] ‘P :
gn outfit
969 || $187,000 || $164,000 | $23,000 || 10,665,000 |$387, 000
714 136, 000 127,000 8, 200 9,351,000 | 267,000
593 73,000 64, 000 9, 200 4,699,000 | 134,000
496 58, 000 47,000 12,000 4,560,000 | 147,000
The increase has been continuous except in the cases
of the value of the product from 1889 to 1897 and
the investment in apparatus from 1889 to 1902. The
gain in the latter from 1902 to 1908 was due largely to
the increased use of trammel nets.
Persons employed.—The distribution of the persons
employed in 1908 is given below:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS. ae
Proprie- Sala-
vedo | tied | Wage- Sala-
Total. em- | earn. Total. H Wages.
pendent 1 Ties.
fisher- | P!oy- | ers.
amici: ees.
Total ssassssace 972 1747 4 221 || $100,000 |} $5,200 |? $95,000
Gulf of Mexico dis-
tiCtic ses ecexeccse 895 670 4 221 100,000 |} 5,200} 95,000
Vessel fisheries. . 234 41 4 189 86, 000 5,200 | 81,000
Tran sporting
vessels...-.-..- 11 CS eae "4 3,000 |/-..---.. 3,000
Shore and boat
fisheries. ...... 647 625 |....... 22 8,800 |].....--- 8, 800
Shoresmen.....- | lenasecenadlosetace 3 2,300 ||..---.-. 2,300
Tennessee River dis-
trict (shore and
boat fisheries)... .. 77 ii | EN ST res | | ererereae Ween] | (Serer eetaeen| eee e ene
1 Exclusive of seven proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $21,000.
Nearly all of the fishermen were employed in the Gulf
district, only 77 fishing on the Tennessee River. It will
be noted that all of the latter were independent fisher-
men. Nearly all of the fishermen engaged in the shore
and boat fisheries of the Gulf district were also inde-
pendent fishermen, only 22 wage-earners being em-
ployed by the 625 proprietors and independent fisher-
men of the shore and boat fisheries of that district.
At least 600 of the persons employed in the shore and
boat fisheries of the Gulf district and at least 677, or
nearly 70 per cent, of the 972 persons employed in the
fishing industry of the state must have been independ-
ent fishermen. ;
Of the persons employed in the Gulf district, more
than 72 per cent were in the shore and boat fisheries.
In 1908 the number of persons employed in vessel
fisheries was 234, and on transporting vessels 11, as
compared with 254 and 19, respectively, in 1902. The
number of men engaged in the shore and boat fisheries
of the Gulf and its immediate tributaries was 647 in
1908, compared with 441 in 1902. There has thus been
a small decrease in the number of men employed in
the vessel fisheries and a large increase in the number
employed in the shore and boat fisheries.
Equipment and other capital—The tabular statement
following gives statistics of the fishing equipment com-
prised in vessels, boats, and apparatus of capture, and
of other capital.
(79)
80 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Gulf of | Tennes-
Total. Mexico |see River
district. | district.
Mota. og ssss scwasencuwtear comeeceeiaateis bee $269,000 |) $262,000 $6,900
Vessels, including outfit.............--.---+----+-- 130,000 {| 130,000 |....-..-.-
Fishing (sail)...-... J Ree adarcsewiaceei 124,000 || 124,000 |..........
essels_...... 94,000 94,000 |......-.--
Outfit........ 30,000 30,000 |..-.....--
Transporting (sail 5,800 5,800 |....-..-..
Vessels 5,000 5,000 |..-.......
OUtHE . iss Seavestdinacesace cceceusuneiexes 800 800 |e cceveeees
NS Sias Scrat ARE eu es aceite Hales oneiienteiant 34,000 33,000 1,400
Steam and motor....-.-.-..-..-.....2---2--6- 7,000 7000. | ccc eee
Baill. cccaeeccccsiies sscc mendes ost edsisscceses 17,000 17,000 |..---.-.-.
ROW wiosieenn macees Semeeowsieieh\s Sov Sekeeeee ets 10,000 8,600 1,400
Apparatus of CAptUre...... ccc ceweesis socaunmeces omnes 23,000 19,000 3,800
Vessel fisheries........- 4,300 4,300. | mazes 322
Shore and boat fisheries. . - 19,000 15,000 3,800
Shore and accessory property....-. 65,000 63,000 1,700
Cash 17,000 17,000 |s2<--- 2x06
In the following tabular statement the number and
tonnage of the vessels and the number of the boats
used in the fisheries of Alabama in 1908 are shown:
* VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Gulf of | Tennes-
Total. Mexico |see River
district. | district.
Vessels, RUMDEC!: « cicu:sc20 00 cece ccasesseecwsces 61 GL: leseewceaer
Fishing (sail):
INUIT DOD os ais antares creeerdicla gs acd ste arctciatereneind's 57 BT | ances
TONNAGC 0. oni se ce erossneiy yxeade n<eecasc 900 900 |.-.-------
Transporting (sail):
Number........ 4 Bl msc berens
Tonnage... kes 35 BD! ||siseenaore
Boats, number....-.- a 670 581 89
Steam and motor. ae 16 UG: Neixisinneeeies
alle wta ies Warden 115 MASE | eccscts cs scatara
ROW sa ossc0 selec se secrcemmone sccamemeeaed e493 539 450 89
The number of the various kinds of apparatus used
was as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed by dis- Distribution by
KIND. tricts. class of fisheries.
Total. = .
Gulf of | Tennes- hore
Mexico |see River ae and boat
district. | district. * | fisheries.
Fyke and hoop nets.........
GUL DOES oo sso ae cnecesaseialsh ei
Harpoons, spears, etc ne
Seines.............
Tramme!l nets... .
Turtle nets.....
All of the sail craft and motor boats were employed
in the fisheries of the Gulf coast, rowboats alone being
reported for the Tennessee River. The apparatus
used in the Tennessee River fisheries was confined to
fyke and hoop nets, wooden traps, and lines.
The total investment in fishing and transporting
vessels and their outfit was $130,000, while the invest-
ment in boats aggregated $34,000, of which all but
$1,400 pertained to the shore and boat fisheries of the
Gulf of Mexico district. Thenumberof vesselsreported
as engaged in fishing and transporting had decreased
by 16 since 1902, but their value, including the value
of the outfit, increased by $14,000. The number of
boats used in the fisheries of the Gulf coast and the
rivers immediately tributary to the Gulf increased by
264, and their value increased by $21,000.
The investment in apparatus of capture for the
shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf district largely ex-
ceeded that for the vessel fisheries, but the combined
investment in floating craft and apparatus of capture
by the vessel fisheries was $134,000, while for the shore
and boat fisheries of the Gulf district it was only
$47,000. Wooden traps were reported as in use only
in the fisheries of the Tennessee River, which also show
the majority of fyke and hoop nets. The shore and
boat fisheries of the Gulf district employed the largest
number of trammel nets. The value of fishing appa-
ratus on vessels and boats fishing in the Gulf and its
immediate tributaries was reported as $8,200 in 1902.
In the fisheries of the Gulf district 62 per cent of the
capital was invested in floating craft and 7 per cent in
apparatus of capture, while in the fisheries of the Ten-
nessee River only 20 per cent was invested in floating
craft and 55 per cent in apparatus of capture.
Products, by species.—The fishery products of the
state were distributed by species and apparatus of
capture as shown in the table on page 82. Oysters
easily ranked first, with nearly 45 per cent of the total
value. Red snapper, mullet, catfish, and buffalo fish
followed in the order named.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The following tabular
statement shows the distribution of the chief species by
fishing grounds:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SEBCIBS: Gulf of | Tennes-
Total. Mexico. |lsee River
district. | district.
MO aD sot a sroraistd sisieinisiadealbcibe Eateraariaeds Saleen oa $387,000 || $358, 000 $29,000
Pishi: 2a,seseeeeevmnsne eaarcassenseaaecces eywosestes! 206,000 |) 177,000 29,000
Redsnap pers.s<: oss -esceGeadencetexses 92,000 2,000 fie sicciserererea
Mullet... 33,000 33,000 |......-..-
Ca EASH 2 csoiciarrescysscleyeisicicsacr peitiagemnniicisincte 17,000 9,600 7,200
Buslalo fishisiee sericitieets cane vedsiee tess 11,000 7,600 3,200
Squeteaeues sscainececascesertades sata 10,000 10,000 |......-...
Drum, fresh-water........-.-.--+--+--++- 10,000 1,400 8,800
Channel Dassejice.cecrcersjeseasenntaine atic 5,500 5; S00 ssn ecterese
Suckers 4,600 |].......... 4,600
All others... 23,000 18,000 5,000
OV SURTS - aie cGaecuiiseeueuen staeeeeestecine ----| 173,000 173,000 |....--..--
Crabs and shrimp.....--.-.---+----+--++2e+eee 222+ 7,300 7,300 |...-....--
Terrapin and turtles... 22... ...sceceseeeercseeaye 600 GOO! | aisrariearain'e
The fisheries of the Gulf district are credited with 93
per cent of the total catch. In that district the value
of the products was nearly evenly divided between fish
and oysters, while in the Tennessee River district fish
constituted the entire product. The principal species
taken in the Gulf district were, in the order of value,
oysters, red snapper, mullet, and squeteague. The
first two named formed 74 per cent of the total catch
of the Gulf district. The chief species caught in the
Tennessee River, in the order of value, were fresh-
water drum, catfish, suckers, and buffalo fish.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 81
Products, by class of fisheries.—The distribution of
products between the vessel fisheries and the shore
and boat fiskeries is shown in the following tabular
statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore
Vessel
Total. 4 and boat
fisheries. fisheries.
Total csnctescrtiats sresGonlsys veataceneeaeted $387,000 || $144,000 | $244,000
PisSlacatesie/sveessinseosir veeeeesad seeeces 206,000 || 109,000 97,000
Red snapper.......-...--2--0---- eee 92, 000 92,000 |........-.
NO Gis ctaiciesccasacisin acs cistepeigisns sustaeyers as 33, 000 4,200 29,000
atfish....... 17,000 200 17,000
Buffalo fish. .:..0.0 ican steaenes set aaess. cessed} TD, O00 Yl esetcscpteserns 2 11,000
Squeteague.......... Ayaineupe is Vista areas = Eee s 10,000 2,700 7, 600
Drum, fresh-water. eet 10, Q00 MW orecciccess ss 10,000
Channel bass 5,500 1,800 3,700
Suckers..... 4,600 |].......... 4, 600
Allother.. 23, 000 8, 000 15,000
Oysters......... --| 173,000 33, 000 140, 000
Crabs and shrimp.......-..--.-2-+2-eeeee eee eee 7,300 1, 200 6, 100
Terrapin and turtles 601 100 600
The fish products proper amounted in the aggregate
to 6,232,000 pounds, or 58 per cent of the total weight
of fishery products, and were valued at $206,000, or
53 per cent of the total value. The value of the fish
products constituted 40 per cent of the total in the
case of the shore and boat fisheries, and 76 per cent
in the case of the vessel fisheries. The products of
the vessel fisheries were chiefly red snapper and
oysters, all other products amounting to only 13 per
cent.
The combined catch of the shore and boat fisher-
ies aggregated 6,312,000 pounds, having a value of
$244,000. Of this catch, 93 per cent in quantity and
88 per cent in value was from the Gulf district.
Of the products of the shore and boat fisheries for
the state, the oyster catch formed 57 per cent in
value.
Products, by apparatus of capture-—The product
caught by means of tongs, representing the oyster
catch, contributed a larger percentage of the total
products, as measured by value, than the product
caught by any other class of apparatus, and formed
nearly two-thirds of the shore and boat products of
the Gulf district; while the catch of lines contributed
more than two-thirds of the total for the vessel
fisheries, and that of fyke nets nearly one-half of the
total for the Tennessee River. Seines were used to a
comparatively small extent, and gill nets still less
and only in the vessel fisheries. The catch in wooden
traps, allin the Tennessee River, was a substantial one,
aggregating 107,000 pounds. The following tabular
statement shows the value and distribution of the
catch, by the various kinds of apparatus:
76786°—11——6
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shore
Total. aes and boat
* | fisheries.
Oba serctsts arsisrmtenstare wis ce velsmaiiemains vt edteicoaiaise S $387,000 || $144,000 | $244,000
TONES ere cicacies seeteeuarss to dadoeaked .o vaeasse ds 173, 000 33, 000 140, 000
SAMI OS jo sasececaysisssig Sepesereimjenansisis © 120, 000 97,000 23,000
Trammel nets........-..-... 58, 000 9,300 49, 000
dyke NCS coniekacsereunerde 24,000 j].......--- 24,000
ooden traps 65,100: occ. cewcce 6,100
UMS) x scfe che capcy chai sioscavsiaiiataciccaseae 4, 400 2,900 1, 500
GTEC GS ass ee: dresacatsialess pxizcbesaesnscaie 1, 200 1,200 |.sc<cccees
epents, ClO rs ccemten inser nes 700 500 300
inor apparatus 600 |]....--.--- 600
Oysters —The product of the oyster fishery was
590,000 bushels, valued at $173,000, which was 45 per
cent of the total value of all products. The oyster
catch included 54,000 bushels of seed oysters, having
a value of $4,100, and 536,000 bushels of market oys-
ters, having a value of $169,000. All of the seed
oysters were from public areas, and of the market
oysters 12 per cent were from private areas and 88 per
cent from public areas. The value of the oysters from
private areas formed 22 per cent of the total value of
market oysters and their average value was 59 cents
per bushel, compared with 28 cents per bushel for
oysters from public areas. The oyster product of 1908
shows a large increase over the figures for 1902, in
which year the total product reported amounted to
347,000 bushels, valued at $120,000. The increase in
quantity of oysters, exclusive of seed oysters, was
189,000 bushels, or 54 per cent, and the increase in
value $49,000, or 41 per cent. The gain was confined
almost entirely to the product from the public areas,
the product from the private areas increasing only 17
per cent in quantity and decreasing 5 per cent in value.
Oysters can be taken from the public reefs at any time,
the demand alone governing the fishermen in this
particular. Tongs are the only apparatus allowed for
taking oysters, and the quantity of oysters permitted
per single boat is limited to 3,500 bushels per week.
No oysters measuring less than 24 inches from hinge to
mouth can be taken.
Red snapper.—The red snapper was the most im-
portant of the kinds of fish caught, and in 1908 con-
stituted nearly one-fourth of all products both in
quantity and in value. Itis a deep-sea fish, the fish-
ing being done with lines in from 20 to 75 fathoms of
water, and the catch figures solely in the vessel fish-
eries. This fishery centers at Mobile, and the vessels
go as far east as Tampa, Fla., and as far west as the
Mexican coast.
Mullet.—The mullet ranked next in importance in
1908, and formed 16 per cent of the total quantity of
82 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES; 1908.
the products, although its value formed only 9 per
cent of the total value. It is chiefly a product of the
shore and boat fisheries, and is caught almost entirely
in trammel nets, less than 4 per cent being caught in
seines and gill nets in 1908.
Catfish.—The catfish ranked third in the order of
value. The figures for this fish represent both the
fresh-water and the salt-water varieties, and practically
all of the catch was reported by the shore and boat
fisheries. They are caught with a variety of appara-
tus—trammel nets, fyke nets, lines, seines, and traps.
Other products—The buffalo fish, squeteague, and
fresh-water drum were important products of about
equalcommercial value. The buffalofish and the drum
were caught in the Tennessee River and the fresh-
water tributaries of the Gulf, while the squeteague was
reported by both the shore and the vessel fisheries of
the Gulf district. Hickory shad and carp were re-
ported solely from the Tennessee River, and groupers
and shrimp solely by the vessel fisheries. Black bass,
sturgeon, and sunfish were taken in the shore and
boat fisheries of the Gulf district as well as in the
Tennessee River, and the remainder of the enumer-
ated products were taken in the vessel fisheries and
in the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico
district.
ALABAMA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPRCERS: Lines. Trammel nets, Fyke nets. Wooden traps. Seines. All other appa
Quanti Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantity Quanti Quanti
merce Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. una. Value. (pounds), Value,
MOtalscacccscnacexove 10, 665,000 |$387,000 || 3, 553,000 |$120,000 | 2,271,000 |$58, 000 386,000 |$24, 000 107,000 | $6,100 150,000 | $4,400 | 4,198,000 |$175, 000
Fish:
Black bass, 36, 000
Bluefish 5,
Buffalo fish... 226, 000
Carp, German. 22,000 6, 900 9, 800
Cathishiss cc .ciiccntwsee 323, 000 85, 000 93, 000
Crappie............20.- 23,000
Crevallé.. oe 5, 200
Croaker........ 72,000
Drum, fresh-w: 151,000
Drum, salt-water 151, 000
Flounders.........-..-
Grouper...
Hickory shad..
ullet......
Pompano.............- )
Sheepshead............ 24,000
Snapper, red._.........] 2,635,000
Spanish mackerel. 13,
Spot........ 83,000
Squeteague. 208, 000
Sturgeon. . sie 6, 200
SUCKS. wie... oo:c 9:00:00 Sire 80, 000
Sunfish and bream.... 9,100
All OGDCL:. cecemacireaies 17,000
246, 000
37,000
4,400
13, 000
Oe market, from pub-
ic areas. .......-...22.2- 3 3,314,000 | 132,000
Oysters, market, from pri-
vate areas. .............- 4440,000 | 37,000
Oysters, seed, from public
BLASS :2:c.cccowawaioemaesien 5 378, 000 OOH | ascisseirtean espera |e asaseemenalese
- [33,314,000 | 132,000
4 440,000 | 37,000
§ 378, 000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Tongs, 4,132,000 pounds, valued at $173,000; gill nets, 35,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; spears, etc., 14,000 pounds, valued
at $700; and minor apparatus, 17,000 pounds, valued at $600.
2 Less than $100. 3 473,000 bushels.
ARKANSAS.
The fishing grounds of Arkansas are principally the
Mississippi River; its tributaries, the Arkansas, White,
St. Francis, Ouachita, Black, and Cache Rivers; and
Big Lake. Buffalo fish and catfish were the leading
species of fish caught, while mussel shells, together
with pearls and slugs, almost equaled in importance
these two fish products combined. The following
statement gives a general summary of the state’s fish-
eries for 1908:
4 63,000 bushels. 5 54,000 bushels.
Number of persons employed.....-....-..--2...2020000- 998
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit....-............. $45, 000
Apparatus of capture............0-20222 eee eee eee 31, 000
Shore and accessory property..........--2-2.....00. 13, 000
Value. of prod tts. sc.cnccast 2 cewdcieeece rd aemscwies's s x8 207, 000
Comparison uxth previous canvasses.—A comparison
of the figures for 1908 with those for previous years
shows a considerable increase in the fishery invest-
ments and products. The following tabular state-
ment gives a summary of the fisheries of Arkansas for
1894, 1899, and 1908:
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 83
Value of
Persons | equip- ERODE:
YEAR. alr eI apis and||—_-—_——
ployed. other Quantit
capital. |] (pounds), | Vue.
998 | 89,000 || 12,567,000 | $207,000
463 39,000 || 4,497,000 168, 000
750 37,000 || 3,876,000 116, 000
It will be noticed that the rate of increase in the
quantity of products between 1899 and 1908 is much
higher than the rate for the value of products. This
disproportion is in large part due to the development
of the mussel fisheries, the products of which amounted
to 8,060,000 pounds in 1908, whereas none at all were
reported in 1899. While mussel shells add greatly to
the total weight of the state’s fishery products, they
are of relatively small value. Exclusive of the mussel
fishery, the quantity of products declined from
4,897,000 pounds to 4,507,000 pounds, and their value
from $168,000 to $137,000.
Persons employed.—The data as to the persons em-
ployed in the fisheries of the state during 1908 are as
follows:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
CLASS.
Proprie-
torsand | Wrage. Wages.
Total. ||independ-' pe
ent fish- .
ermen.
MOCAl aris :h:biseGn soi wharehysesloemicceeaie 998 1861 137 $20, 000
Shore and boat fisheries ............-..-- 981 855 126 16,000
Transporting vessels .................--- 17 6 11 3,500
1 Exelusive of three proprietors not fishing.
The industry is carried on largely by independent
fishermen, only a few of the fishermen employing help-
ers. <A large proportion of the 137 wage-earners were
employed by a few proprietors on Big Lake, and the
small total of wages paid suggests the intermittent
character of much of the employment.
Equipment and other capital.—Statistics as to thenum-
ber and value of the different kinds of equipment em-
ployed, and the amount of other capital invested, are
presented in the following tabular statement:
EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL:
1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value.
$89, 000
Row... jek rapa ae ara aa Sted ee Nanni pee
Apparatus of capture (shore and boat fisheries)........------
4 fs -
Seines..........
Trammel nets.....
Traps, otter.......
Shore and accessory property.......-..-----++-+--2e2e eee
The value of vessels and boats together made up
one-half of the investment. As would be expected
in river fisheries, no sailing craft were reported. Of
the apparatus of capture, fyke and hoop nets were
most numerous, with a value greater than that of all
other kinds of apparatus combined.
Products, by species.—The table on page 84 gives the
quantity and value of the products of the Arkansas
fisheries, distributed by species and by apparatus of
capture.
Fifteen species of fish were reported, besides frogs,
turtles, mussel shells, and pearls and slugs. Mussel
shells and pearls and slugs made up one-third of the
total value of products. The catch of buffalo fish was
the most important among the fish, and catfish and
black bass were next in order. These four species con-
tributed 80 per cent of the total value of products.
In 1899 also buffalo fish and catfish were the leading
species. Black bass, however, was one of the minor
species in 1899. Crappie, fifth in importance in 1908,
stood third in 1899, while paddlefish and caviar,
although of little importance in 1908, stood fourth in
1899.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The distribution of the
products by fishing grounds is given below:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
i ae vo mussel Mussel shells,
otal. shells, pearls pearls
FISHING GROUND: and slugs. , and slugs.
Quantit Quantit Quantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total........ 12,567,000 {$207,000 || 4,507,000 |$137,000 | 8,060,000 | $70,000
White River...... 7,070,000 | 89,000 |} 1,110,000 | 29,000 | 5,960,000 | 59,000
St. Francis River... 242,000 | 39,000 942,000 | 33,000 | 1,300,000 6,500
Big Lake.......... 747,000 | 24,000 747,000 |} 24,000 |.-.......--)....2---
Arkansas River.... 577,000 | 17,000 577,000 | 17,000 }...........|.-....--
Black River....... 829,000 4,700 29, 000 700 800, 000 4,000
Ouachita River.... 67, 000 4,000 67,000 45000 |accseccecas|eereames
Mississippi River
and all other....] 1,035,000 | 30,000 || 1,035,000 | 30,000 }...........). sereeee
The fisheries of the White River were the most
important in the state, measured by value of products,
and the mussel fisheries contributed the larger part of
the product. Only two other rivers, the St. Francis
and the Black, reported mussel fisheries.
Products, by apparatus of capture —In 1908 crowfoot
dredges, fyke nets, lines, and seines together were
credited with 93 per cent of the total value of products,
ranking in importance in the order named. In 1899
crowfoot dredges were not reported, and the leading
kinds of apparatus used were, in the order of impor-
tance, seines, fyke nets, and set lines. In 1899 seines
took 37 per cent in value of the total product, while in
1908 they took only 15 per cent of the fish proper.
This decrease is counterbalanced by the increases in the
catch of fyke nets and lines, as shown by the tabular
statement following.
84
PRODUCTS CAUGHT BY—
YEAR. Fyke nets. Lines.
eoanne. Value. ed Value.
1908 is eeiacin ek howbiece ce esate 2,286,000 | $53,000 1,081,000 $48, 000
B09 a wien watweceemeas seeaneememene 1,405, 000 45,000 682, 000 30, 000
Buffalo fish—In 1908 the buffalo-fish catch repre-
sented 21 per cent of the total value of products,
compared with 31 per cent in 1899. The product of
this species has decreased slightly in quantity and
still more in value. The gain over 1894, however, is
substantial, as is shown by the following tabular
statement:
BUFFALO-FISH
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds), Value
1908 ie-sracse rack vs omaties Raeeeeereahees MoM ee Acasa teense ons 2,051,000 $43, 000
2,389, 000 53, 000
1, 626, 000 31,000
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Catfish—Catfish contributed 16 per cent of the
total value of products in 1908, as compared with
approximately 25 per cent in 1899. Although the
catch has increased since 1899, the value has decreased.
The following tabular statement gives the product for
1894, 1899, and 1908:
CATFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity.
(pounds). Value.
895,000 $33, 000
829,000 42,000
905, 000 38, 000
Other leadung
black bass caught, $20,000, formed 10 per cent of the
entire value of the fishery products of the state, the
quantity beg much larger than in 1899, when its
value was $10,000. The catch of crappie in 1908
was approximately 25 per cent heavier than in 1899,
products.—In 1908 the value of the
but of about the same value. The total catch of
fresh-water drum has increased one-third in quantity
and one-seventh in value since 1899.
ARKANSAS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
apwcina, Fyke nets. Lines. Seines. Pound nets. Trammel nets. |Allotherapparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
4
Totalasicccresee 12, 567, 000 |$207, 000 2,286, 000 [$53,000 | 1,081,000 |$48, 000 692, 000 |$21, 000 275, 000 | $7,100 129, 000 | $3,900} 8,105,000 | $74,000
Fish:
Black bass......- 292,000 | 20,000 7,000 500 222,000 | 15,000 21,000 | 1,400 20,000 | 1,400 18, 000
Bream, or sunfish. 228, 000 6, 000 70,000 | 1,600 44,000 , 600 72,000 | 2,000 27, 000 600 15, 000
Buffalo fish....... 2,051,000 | 43,000 1, 496, 000 | 32,000 73,000 | 1,800 287,000 | 6,100 142,000 | 2,500 44,000
Carp, German.... 175, 000 4,100 | 102,000 | 2,400 23,000 700 29, 000 600 8,500 100 10, 000
Catfish. ..0...+--+ 895,000 | 33,000 216,000} 7,100 535, 000 | 20, 000 105,000 | 4,100 25, 000 900 14, 000
Crappie......- ‘a ia 300,000 | 13,000 71,000 | 2,800 104,000 | 5,100 58,000 | 2,700 42,000 | 1,500 25, 000
Drum, fresh-water 402, 000 8,900 284,000 | 6,000 55,000 | 1,700 55,000 | 1,100 7,700 100 8
Paddlefisb....... 71,000 2,000 19, 000 DOO csiereraesicinwicl Ssaccigels 52,000: |. 1, 500) |lc5.cccccamaslaetecmselamoeteca sens
Caviar and pad-
dlefish eggs..... 8003), OOM | aceterinselSsuictealnescacetaaspacecatee| 6/8000) 200 favacdecanies xlacmecae | ctecaeaaee
TKO. cacemiecscene 14,000
Pike
eye 1,300
15, 000
12, 000
16, 000
2,000
27,000
6, 000 5, 000
8, 060, 000 :
Pearls and slugs......|..- Peeks 8; 0602000 a hee
Skins, otter.......... Oe M00 insarsessennidliveeseng |e masesnvrees | mocizctesa ence yeneeselede qu (semen dcouecl tena ucnillecs baccuencllosccesual | Qo 100
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, 8,060,000 pounds,
20,000 pounds, valued at $1,600; dip nets and traps, 5,000 pounds, valued at $200.
2 Less than $100.
3 Seven skins.
CALIFORNIA.
In the value of products from fisheries, California
ranked second among the Pacific coast states both at
the canvass of 1904 and at that of 1908. Sea fishing is
carried on along practically the entire coast line of the
state, but the river or inland fisheries are confined
almost exclusively to the rivers flowing into San Fran-
cisco Bay, the largest and most productive of which is
valued at $70,000; firearms, 19,000 pounds, valued at $2,900; harpoons, spears, etc.,
the Sacramento. Humboldt Bay is next in impor-
tance as a fishing ground, thesalmon catch being the
principal product. The following tabular statement
gives a summary of the industry for 1908:
Number of persons employed. .........-........2..-. 4, 129
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit................. $1, 066, 000
Apparatus of capture...............2...200.200002. 502, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............- 91, 000
Value-of productes.nswnxy tess static ees: sataececeaes
1, 970, 000
FISHERIES,
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The statistics
reported for the years 1904 and 1899 are not in all re-
spects comparable with the returns for 1908, on ac-
count of the inclusion in the earlier canvasses of the
capital and number of persons employed in the can-
neries and packing houses with the data for the fisher-
ies. The following figures, however, which are exclu-
sive of statistics for shoresmen, capital invested in
shore and accessory property, and cash capital, may
be considered as comparable:
Persons VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
em-
ployed,
YEAR. exeln Ves and} 4. para
sive 0: oats, “|! Quantit
Total. . a us of Value.
shores- including ounds).
men outfit. capture. e
1908. 4,100 || $1,568,000 |} $1,066,000 | $502,000 || 47,477,000 | $1,970,000
1904. 4,406 |) 1,489,000 |} 1,128,000 | 360,000 |) 52,110,000 2,523,000
1899. 3,480 |} 1,574,000 || 1,325,000 | 250,000 || 74,559,000 2,551,000
In 1908, as compared with 1904, the number of per-
sons employed, exclusive of shoresmen, shows a de-
crease of 7 per cent and the capital invested in floating
craft and fishing equipment an increase of 5 per cent,
while the value of products shows a material loss of 22
per cent, the larger portion of which can be attributed
to the decrease in the value of products of the oyster
industry. From 1899 to 1904 there was an increase
of 27 per cent in the number of persons employed, and
decreases of 5 per cent in the capital invested and of 1
per cent in the value of products.
Persons employed—The number of persons em-
ployed and the salaries and wages paid during the year
1908 in each branch of the industry were as follows:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
CLASS. Senne
tors and oa Wage-
inde- 8 Sala-
Total. em- | earn- |} Total. < Wages.
pendent |.) ries.
fisher. | Ploy- | ers.
aver ees.
Total.... -| 4,129 12,622 41 | 1,466 |/$562, 000 ||$26,000 | 2 $536, 000
Vessel fisheries... 645 26 1 618 || 215,000 1,200 214, 000
Transporting vessels 135 4; Beaeees 128 55,000 |]..-...-. 55,000
Shore and boat fish-
QPLCS wissstecd Secnteiis 3,320 2,589 11 720 || 275,000 || 25,000 250,000
Shoresmen........-. 71008 | See eee DON aiss dra 17,000 ||.....--- 17,000
1 Exclusive of three proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the salle of $85,000.
Of the 4,129 persons engaged in fishing, 16 per cent
were connected with the vessel fisheries, 80 per cent
with the shore and boat fisheries, and 3 per cent with
the transporting vessels, while only 1 per cent were
employed exclusively as shoresmen. Of the total
number of proprietors and independent fishermen, 99
per cent were reported by the shore and boat fisheries.
These fisheries, however, employed only 49 per cent of
the total number of wage-earners, while the vessel
BY STATES. 85
fisheries employed 41 per cent. The vessel fisheries
and the shore and boat fisheries are not comparable
with respect to the number of proprietors and inde-
pendent fishermen, inasmuch as many of the vessels
are owned by corporations, while the percentage of
the shore and boat fisheries conducted by corporations
is very small.
Only 29 of the shoresmen were reported as being
directly connected with the fisheries. It must be
borne in mind that this number does not include
employees working in canneries, packing houses, or
fish markets.
Equipment and other capital—The description and
value of vessels and boats engaged in the fisheries of
the state and the value of apparatus used, together
with the amount of other capital invested in 1908, are
given in the following tabular statement:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. |Number.| Tonnage.
$1, 659, 000
Vessels, including outfit. ......22-2...2---.- 22-2
Wishin gcc seas eteccse
Steam and motor.
Apparatus of capture...
Vessel fisheries...
Shore and boat fisheries...
Shore and accessory property .
Cash.
The number of the various kinds of apparatus of
capture used was as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Used in—
KIND.
Total. mie Shore '
; and boa
fisheries. fisheries.
Abalone Outil 200: coceseescns epee ecceen eyeeees 56
Fvke and hoop nets..........-.-.-- 43 1,580
Gillnetse.<.-o-c.8 3,531
Paranzella nets. .
Pots, crab and lo 2,844
Seines....... 141
Shrimp nets. 295
Trammel net: 2,522
Turtle nets 57
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 89, shows the
quantity and value of the fishery products of the state,
by species and by apparatus of capture.
A comparison of the chief species included in the
catch reported by the Bureau of Fisheries for 1899
86 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
and 1904 and in that reported at the present census, as
given in the following tabular statement, is of interest
as showing the fluctuations in the fishery products:
FISHERY PRODUCTS.
SPECIES. 1908 1904 1899
Quantity Quantity Quantity’
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total... - -|47, 477, 000)$1, 970, 000)/52, 110, 000/$2, 523, 000) 46, 832, 000|$2, 551, 000
Fish:
Barracuda. 3, 205, 000} 88,000}; 2,159,000 52, 000)| 1,192, 000) 33,000
Catfish........ 1,069, 000} 56,000}| 737,000} 21,000)| 466,000 13,000
Cod, salted... .} 3,298, 000} 94,000)! 5,623,000) 132, 000]| 5,917,000} 178,000
Flounders..... 3,193, 000 80, 000)) 4,336, 000} 84,000}| 4,686,000 92,000
Rockfish...... 2,319, 000 60,000] 1,793, 000} 59,000] 1, 233, 000 38, 000
Salmon..... 9,211,000) 471,000//12, 343,000} 456,000|| 7,243,000} 262,000
Chinook 8,846,000} 460, 000)/11,746,000} 444,000)! 7,088,000] 255,000
Blueback 147, 000| 4,900|} 273, 000} 4, 300| 22,000 8
Silver..... 141, 000 4,200)} 269, 000} 5,600 60, 000 2,100
Steelhead . 76,000 2,800) 55,000 1,600) 114,000 901
Sardines.......| 4,638,000 30, 000)] 1, 036, 000 12, 000}| 2,383, 000) 18,000
Squeteague, or
white sea-
bass........- 1,337,000} 42,000]} 979,000 31,000]} 938,000 20,000
Smelt......... 718, 000 41,000] 1,362, 000} 52, 000}) 1,315, 000} 58,000
B06 ccc cass 3, 487, 000 ,000|| 3,874,000} 69,000 , 000} 600
Striped bass...] 1,776,000} 135, 000|} 1,570,000 92,000]| 1, 234,000 62,000
Abalone (meat and
shells)........-.. 1, 235, 000} 22,000} 834,000 9,400} 895,000) 33,000
Crabsiscsccvacscon:, 1,702, 000) 69, 000]} 5,111,000} 155,000)| 3,677,000] 86,000
Oysters........-..- 729,000} 337,000) 1,320,000} 628,000|/ 2,940,000] 867,000
Shrimp (meat and
shells).......-... 979, 000 33, 000]| 1,832, 000 72,000|| 4,047,000) 111,000
oe lobster...... 573, 000) 69,000)! 1,078, 000; 43,000} 607, 000 14,000
hale products...} 214,000) 132,000}} 412,000) 393,000]| 715,000} 456,000
Bone.......... 32,000} 119, 000) 87,000} 375,000) 207,000} 436,000
Oil (whale and
sperm)...... 182, 000} 13,000!) 325,000 18,000] 507,000} 20,000
All other.......... 7,793,000; 148, 000/} 5,711,000, 163,000} 7,272,000| 210,000
Although the total value of products in 1908 shows
a material decrease, as compared with the values for
the prior years, the value of the salmon catch
increased. The value of this catch formed 24 per
cent of the total value of products in 1908, compared
with 10 per cent in 1899. Other species that have
increased notably are striped bass, barracuda, spiny
lobsters, rockfish, catfish, and squeteague, or white sea
bass. Whale products, on the other hand, show a
large and steady decrease, both actual and propor-
tionate, and cod, smelt, and shrimp decreased in a less
degree.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The following tabular
statement shows the quantity and value of products
taken by the shore and boat fisheries from the different
waters of the state:
PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND EOAT FISHERIES:
1908.
FISHING GROUND Quantity. Value.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Motal «icacecquactacmetcdunncce 36, 860, 000 100 || $1,627,000 100
Sacramento River.........--------- 11, 643, 000 32 617,000 38
San Francisco Bay...........--.---- 3,522,000 10 431,000 26
Pacific OCCans..12 cncnceveecaeeeds nal 8,552,000 23 249,000 15
Humboldt Bay, including Eel and
Made iVers.oo..o ccc nscice taeeals 2, 888, 000 8 96,000 6
Monterey Bay 14 89,000 6
Monica Bay..........-. 7 67,000 4
Santa Barbara Channel 4 62, 000 4
Klamath River 33, 1 8,900 1
San Luis Obispo Bay.. 464, 000 1 6, 200 (4)
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Of the total products taken by the shore and boat
fisheries in 1908, products from the Sacramento River
formed 32 per cent in quantity and 38 per cent in
value. Salmon was the principal species caught
in this river and amounted to 7,292,000 pounds.
Striped bass was next in importance, the quantity
reported being 1,690,000 pounds. Other species
taken were as follows: Catfish, 1,068,000 pounds;
shad, 1,055,000 pounds; carp, 425,000 pounds; black
bass, 82,000 pounds; pike, 20,000 pounds; and stur-
geon, 10,000 pounds. The total catch taken from the
Sacramento River and the product of salmon, striped
bass, catfish, shad, carp, and black bass for that river
show substantial gains since 1904.
San Francisco Bay was second in rank according
to the value of products, although the quantity of
products taken from the Pacific Ocean was greater.
This is due largely to the fact that much of the ocean
product does not compare in value with the salmon
and other choice species taken in the bay. The oyster
product of San Francisco Bay also affected the relative
value of the catch to a large extent. Herring was the
principal species taken in the bay fisheries, the
weight of the catch amounting to 450,000 pounds.
Smelt ranked next in respect to quantity, with 278,000
pounds, and sea bass followed, with 271,000 pounds.
Rockfish, striped bass, and sardines were also taken
in considerable quantities.
In Humboldt Bay and its tributaries there were
taken, besides salmon, the following: Smelt, 132,000
pounds; flounders, 112,000 pounds; herring, 26,000
pounds; rockfish, 63,000 pounds; and crabs, 1,411,000
pounds. Hard and soft clams also were marketed in
considerable quantities.
The sardine catch of Monterey Bay amounted to
1,782,000 pounds, and was valued at $8,900. The low
value per pound of sardines causes the average value
per pound of the products of this bay to be lower than
that for any other waters of the state, with the excep-
tion of San Luis Obispo Bay. More than two-thirds
of the abalone catch of the state is credited to Monterey
Bay. Other products were rockfish, 1,850,000 pounds;
barracuda, 383,000 pounds; sea bass, 365,000 pounds;
and squid, 110,000 pounds.
Products, by class of fisheries —The next tabular
statement shows the leading products ranked accord-
ing to value, and their distribution between the vessel
and the shore and boat fisheries.
The vessel fisheries of California are of minor impor-
tance, compared with the shore and boat fisheries,
their product contributing in 1908 only 17 per cent
to the total value of the fishery products of the state.
Table 3, on page 91, shows the product of the ves-
sel fisheries by species and by apparatus of capture.
Ranked according to the value of products, whaling
apparatus was of first importance among the various
kinds of apparatus of capture used by the vessel
fisheries, and it was followed by lines, paranzella nets,
FISHERIES,
seines, dredges, tongs, etc., and gill nets, in the order
named.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore and
Total. Peas boat
*| fisheries.
AT OM a cepnreetaes asin othe at seats Yaak aca $1,970,000 || $343,000 | $1,627,000
All other.
ae aidashciginere tera. aninratereneieete re
hale products (bone and oil) .
Crabs ecarscaeecoesiesgeks Yeees
Spiny lobster_.............-
‘ip
Abalone, including shells... ..-
1 The oyster catch of one vessel is included with that of the shore and boat
fisheries.
The products of the shore and boat fisheries of the
state were valued at $1,627,000 in 1908, compared
with $1,864,000 in 1904, a decrease of 13 per cent.
Tn 1908 these products formed 83 per cent of the total
product of the state, and in 1904, 74 percent. Table
2, on page 90, gives the products of the shore and
boat fisheries by species and by apparatus of capture.
All of the salmon catch of the state was made by the
shore and boat fisheries. It was necessary to credit
the entire oyster catch to this class of fisheries in order
to avoid disclosing the operations of one company
operating an oyster vessel.
Products, by apparatus of capture-—The following
tabular statement shows the catch by each kind of
apparatus for each class of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Vesse!_| Shore and
Total. fisheries boat
‘| fisheries.
Totals sssensiezeaoncs sahuseces sass $1,970,000 || $343,000 | $1,627,000
Gill Mets 5 s2cnseve vis camuiss eetorwuet seeder ss 769, 000 6, 000 763,000
Dred: etc 337, 000 1) 337,000
— 212,000 101,000 111, 000
Pots, crab and lobster... 137, 000 1,90! 135, 000
Whaling apparatus 132,000 |} 132,000 |............
Seines..:-s2c2c0803 coe 116, 000 15,000 101, 000
Paranzella nets.........- 87, 000 87, 000 100
Fyke nets..........----- 62/000: || aicisnctrs ie 62,000
Trammel nets. - ae 52,000 400 51, 000
Bi Nets. os cakes peewee snembaenee woe 33,000 ||.-.------- 33,000
AM OtN G88. cc:sccasciainn se daemaeres seems 2 ste 34,000 ||...------- 34,000
1 The catch of one vessel is included with that of the shore and boat fisheries.
2 Includes apparatus, with value of catch, as follows: Abalone outfit, $22,000;
turtle nets, $1,300; and minor apparatus, $11,000.
BY STATES. 87
Judged by the value of products taken, gill nets led
among the various kinds of apparatus used in the fisher-
ies of the state. The largest catch made with these nets
was chinook salmon, which had a value of $409,000,
or 53 per cent of the total value of the product taken
by this apparatus. Barracuda, sea bass, smelt, and
striped bass were also largely caught in gill nets.
Dredges, tongs, etc., which ranked second in the
value of the products taken, were used exclusively in
the oyster fisheries.
Third in importance were hand, trawl, and set lines.
Some species are taken only by line fishing, cod being
among the most notable of these both in quantity and
value. Black cod, redfish, sea trout, and swordfish are
other species the entire product of which was caught
by lines. The quantity and value reported for each
of these species are much less than for cod.
The seine catch of chinook salmon was the greatest
in value among the products taken by seines, although
the weight of the seine sardine catch was more than
five times as great, namely, 4,552,000 pounds, repre-
senting 66 per cent of the total weight of the seine
catch. Smelt to the value of $13,000 were caught with
seines. In the case of every other species the catch
by this apparatus was of minor importance.
The paranzella net is peculiar to the fishing of Cali-
fornia, none having been reported in use in any other
state. Sole was the principal species caught with this
kind of apparatus, representing 69 per cent of the
quantity and 69 per cent of the value of the entire par-
‘anzella catch. Whitefish, flounders, kingfish, and
skates were also taken in considerable quantities.
Catfish formed the principal catch with fyke nets,
while flounders were practically the only species
caught with trammel nets.
Salmon.—In 1908 salmon stood first both in quan-
tity and in value among the species taken in California
waters. The state ranked third in the country both
in the quantity and in the value of the catch of salmon.
Chinook was the principal kind taken, forming 96 per
cent of the total yield of salmon in 1908 and represent-
ing 23 per cent of the total value of fishery products
of the state. There was an increase in the quantity
and in the value of this product sold fresh, as compared
with the catch for 1904 reported by the Bureau of
Fisheries, but a decrease in the salted product resulted
in a decrease in the total quantity of chinook taken.
The total value, however, increased slightly.
The next tabular statement shows the quantity
and value of the salmon taken from the different
waters of the state.
The Sacramento River is the principal fishing
ground for salmon. Of the total quantity, 79 per
88 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
cent was taken from that river. Humboldt Bay and
tributaries were next in importance, being credited
with 12 per cent of the total catch. Klamath River,
Monterey Bay, and San Francisco Bay ranked in the
order named as to the quantity taken, but in respect
to value the catch from Monterey Bay exceeded that
from the Klamath River. The lower value per pound
of the Klamath River catch may be attributed to the
cost of shipping the product from Klamath River to
San Francisco or to other markets.
SALMON: 1908.
FISHING GROUND. ;
Quantit:
(pounds). Value.
9, 211, 000
7, 292, 000
$471,000
412, 000
37,000
Sacramento River............2..2. 22-22 e eee eee eee eee ee
Humboldt Bay, includin,
Monterey Bay 3 “ 12,000
Klamath River. sie. scccc2 cee cccns ieecece ccsees voececeeaeaes 8,900
San Pranciscd Bay cece vanscsoeveeewanmatecs aeoes feds Ss 1,700
Striped bass.—In value of the catch striped bass
ranked second among the species reported for Cali-
fornia, although larger quantities of sardines, sole,
cod, barracuda, flounders, and rockfish were caught.
The quantity of striped bass reported for 1908 was
greater by 205,000 pounds, or 13 per cent, than that
reported for 1904, while the value was greater by
$43,000, or 47 per cent.
Cod.—This species, third in value of product, was
reported only by vessel fisheries, and was taken largely
off the coast of Alaska. Six vessels with a total net
tonnage of 1,889 were engaged in this fishery in 1908.
None of this product was reported as being sold fresh,
all being salted before the vessels returned from the
fishing grounds. The catch for 1908 was less by
2,325,000 pounds, or 41 per cent, than that reported
for 1904, when the amount was 5,623,000 pounds,
valued at $132,000.
Barracuda.—Barracuda increased both in quantity
and in value from 1904 to 1908. The product sold
fresh increased in weight 1,150,000 pounds, or 59 per
cent, and in value $40,000, or 90 per cent. The
salted product, however, showed a considerable de-
crease, the loss in weight being 104,000 pounds, or
48 per cent, and that in value $4,100, or 54 per cent.
Flounders and sole.—In the group of flat fishes, both
flounders and sole showed decreases, as compared with
1904. In 1908 the catch of sole was greater than
that of flounders, but the value of the latter was
greater. The reports of 1904 show a product of
4,336,000 pounds of flounders, valued at $84,000,
while in 1908 the product was. only 3,193,000 pounds,
valued at $80,000. The decrease amounted to 26 per
cent in quantity and 5 per cent in value. No salted
product was reported by California fishermen in 1908.
The quantity of sole caught in 1904 was 3,874,000
pounds, and in 1908, 3,487,000 pounds, a decrease of
386,000 pounds, or 10 per cent. The value of the
catch during the period indicated fell from $69,000
to $65,000, a decrease of 6 per cent.
Oysters.—The oyster industry, while of considerable
importance, has decreased gradually from 1899 to
1908. It is difficult adequately to explain this
decrease. There is no doubt that the year 1908
was a poor one, some beds not yielding more than
10 per cent of the usual catch. All of the oysters
reported at the present census were taken from private
beds and used for market purposes only. All seed
oysters planted during the year were shipped from
eastern beds for that purpose. No attempt was made
at the present census to show separately the yield of
eastern and of native species.
Crustaceans.—Crabs show a decrease between 1904
and 1908 of 67 per cent in quantity and 56 per cent
in value. Spiny lobsters decreased in quantity
during the same period 47 per cent, but the value
increased 60 per cent. The decrease in the shrimp
product was 47 per cent in quantity and 54 per cent
in value.
Abalone.-—The abalone industry in the United
States is confined to California and is materially
increasing in importance. In 1904 the total product
was valued at $9,400, while in 1908 the value was
$22,000, an increase of 134 per cent.
Whale products—Whale products constituted the
principal products of the vessel fisheries of California,
but showed a decrease in value from 1904 to 1908 of
$261,000, or 66 per cent. Indeed, there has been a
steady decrease in whale products for several years.
In 1904 the Bureau of Fisheries reported 87,000 pounds
of whalebone, valued at $375,000, and 43,000 gallons
of oil, valued at $18,000. The whaling fleet comprised
seven vessels, of 2,328 tons net register.
Sea lions.—An industry of considerable importance
is the capture of sea lions, which are sold alive for
exhibition purposes. As but one fishery of this class
was reported, the product is included in the group of
“All other,” to avoid the disclosure of individual
operations.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 89
TaBLeE 1,.—CALIFORNIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES, Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Paranzella nets. Fyke nets. All other apparatus,!
Quantit V. Quantit; i it i : '
alue. Quantit, Quantity Quantit Quantit, Quantit;
(pounds). (pounds). Value. | (Sounds).| V@lue- | founds). | V8" | (pounds). | V@!4€- | (pounds). | V@!Me- | (pounds). | Value:
Total......... 47, 477,000 | $1,970,000 || 18, 427,000 |$769, 000 | 8,136,000 |$212, 000 | 6,892,000 [$116,000 | 4,722,000 [$87,000 | 1,218,000 |$62,000 | 8,082,000 | $725, 000
Fish:
Baraendac | Sanne | eee | Beene | aaa | eeae ee ta me
Black bass......| ° 82,000 8,200 |] 40,
Black cod...... 35, 000 "400 ||... aa
Bonito......... "329,000 6, 100 289, 000
Carp, German... 427,000 4,300 989° 000°) 134800! |e sever oaeeal eelax calle arse curadlmeeca seis ctasiereemlecnieccen|| db: 000" | 400: Iconenectuenrelecmanniies
eo ere 1, 069, 000 56:,000' || csgu cecenee|eceweuves| se he MOO BY lone, co ceealesceee cc 068/000! | 565000. | San cc aeoacalenser coe
ub mackerel . 3,300 173.000 | 35100'|.... | 28000-| 2001s cn fc ec eclec nace ccclic ace ecliseccsecasuloceeuxgue
Cod, salted... .- 3, 298° 000 94,000 ||....... oa Nada itecadlsgoacctele cones teclosecaened
Croaker........ 58,000 1,800 29, 000
Cultus cod... .- 167,000 4,800 "400 | (2) 129,000"
anders and 2
soles.........- 6, 681, 000 144, 000 526,000 | 10,000 460, 000
Hake, silver....| ” 32,000 300 32;000| 300 |...... ae
aes eae a oe il, te 634, 000 35500) | oie ccceses
orse mackerel. 39, 000 GOO cess anette =
Jewfish......... 161, 000 2, 600 35, 000 700 | 119,000
Kingfish. . 682, 000 12,000 87, 000 1,800 16, 000
Mullet.......... 3, 600 300 1,600 100 | osececaneeeilerceesceu OO © BOOM cent asciall cineiercies Sanne Ceceuiel Motewwtall aaeecete@ed| sacedmures
Pompano, or
butterfish . eee 89,000 13, 000 25,000 4,600 3,000 300 54, 000 7,900 2
Redfish or fat: p > , ) , 901 7,200 AOD): | ccciats isis aiarctate anstcharatiiars wicisicicns)siniciuiale dielslaseciec
head......... 13,000 200 || acto tai deacaate 2 13, 000 DOK | Serre cere | teh aall RoR SN aAna| tetas ork taet |oyk ee lh ee hal elle
poetics ~ 2,319, 000 60, 000 59,000 | 1,200 | 2,189,000 | 57,000 8,000} (2) 6350005 |: ADO: ecco wancia pemnemcuere de cpieap mina seit
pikes sac. see: 20, 000 500 20,000 SOO vec roces vee Roe ele ete lime te adh tn eel ecenmer ih ee teh ee el ce oat I aa
Salmon, blue-
back.-..-5--. 147, 000 4,900 83,000) 2,800 |.......0...f.. ee G4/0005|! Ҥa100'| essen oe ak eel. Coy naar
almon enhl-
nook. . mene nit 8, 846, 000 460, 000 7, 682,000 | 411,000 294,000 | 10,000 870,000 | 38,000 200 (Ct leonetieceddll serena tal teunceeenesl siemens
ey eee ‘ 141, 000 4, 2 106, 000 35200) leet lleeammaace 35, 000 tl ecceananctet tag acteel iacsGmaniel examen wala lavanyete dammit
almon, steel-
head : ee 76,000 2,800 19,000 700 5,000 500 13,000 DOO fai eisictrcierasciars acracscie 2 89,000:), B5:200. | osu ss cisclis sectewee s
Sardines. ....... 4, 638, 000 30, 000 86, 000 400 | ocecrae s cate moar ascii 4,552)000- |) :30:,000! | cisctccteccrce| Seeremises | Sawinciccleeedecien set seeeadaaswn lemme
Scarbina....... 4,900
Sea trout... 32,000 i
Shad.. 1,169, 000 4
Skates 124, 000 HOOD: | elaiersisicebsd ain [leis Sestcnarooe [gieecie dfs tue asl REM nea] aeesaeieel eee ees 124,000 | 1,000 2 |fetiereeasstl sapere sere see all ears Systekatens
Smelt...... 718, 000 41,000 498, 000
Spanish mack- 3K ea05
ere! ats 000 0 243, 000
Squeteague, 0: , , ,
white sea-bass| 1,337,000 42,000 1,316, 000
Striped bass....] 1,776,000 135,000 || 1,739,000
eur dasgjeicate 10, 000 000
ur f- » or Vi-
viparous
perch ....-.-. 198, 000
Swordfish. ..... 7,800
Tomcod... 49,000
ae 2 ae 000
ellowfin . 000
Yellowtail../.._] | 571,000
All other... ...- 603, 000
Crabs, hard......... 1, 702, 000
Shrimp...... _ 000
Shrimp shells. . 721,000
Spiny lobster....... 573, 000 573, 000
Abalone. ........... 1, 005, 000 16, 000 1,005, 000 16, 000
Abalone shells. 4 230, 000 200 2 230, 000 5,200
Clams, hard... 3 132, 000 3 132,000 4, 600
os soft. . 4 a ON 4 468, 000 5,300
ussels........-- , 68, 000 1,600
gr hiote market,
rom private areas 6 729, 000 337, 000 5 729,000 | 337,000
Squid...... sient 110, 000 A400: ll cescaveries Zlfeseascees anmestes vealeameeens! 102000 |" “4,400 ‘ensg cus) dheecs ccclicsmcaireuie| someceneleesicomnand| temaebese
Turtles...... J 38, 000 1, 300 38, 000 1,300
Whalebone. . 32,000 119, 000 32,000 | 119,000
Oil, whale. .... 4 6 13,000 900 6 13,000 900
Oil, sperm.......... 7169, 000 12,000 7 169,000 12,000
1 Includes apparatus,
214,000 pounds, valued _a
1,235,000 pounds, valued at $22,000; and minor apparatus,
316,000 bushels.
2 Less than $100.
667,000 pounds, valued at $11,000.
4 47,000 bushels.
5 104,000 bushels.
6 1,700 gallons.
with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 729,000 pounds, valued at $337,000; pots, 2,270,000 pounds, valued at $137,000; whaling apparatus,
t $132,000; trammel nets, 1,951,000 pounds, valued at $52,000; turtle and shrimp nets, 1,017,000 pounds, valued at $34,000; abalone outfit,
7 23,000 gallons.
90
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 2.—CALIFORNIA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. All oth
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Fyke nets. Paranzella nets. eee sa
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity ‘
(@ounds).} Yue. |! ounds).| Vue. | Gounds)| Value. (pounds).| V@lue- pounds) .| V#!¢- |(pounds). Value. (Sounds) . Value
Total. csscseevawcssenes 36, 860, 000 |$1, 627, 000 ||18, 388, 000 |$763, 000 |4, 619, 000 /$111, 000 |4, 794,000 |$101, 000 |1, 218, 000 |$62, 000 4,000 $100 |7, 838,000 /$591, 000
Fish:
Albacore and tuna, fresh.} 510,000
Albacoreand tuna, salted 32,000
Anchovies...........---- 220, 000
Barracuda, fresh... -| 3,061, 000
Barracuda, salted........| 112,000
Black bass 82, 000
Black cod.. 35, 000
Bonito....... 329, 000 289, 000
Carp, German. -| 427,000 4,300 382, 000
Cathishs eccc oe ccneeenenscs 1,069, 000 56,000 |)...-..-..-.
Cropket:.cceccessaeseec: 58, 000 1,800 29, 000
Cultus cod. -| _ 117,000 3, 200 400
Flounders...........-.-- 2,741,000 69, 000 400, 000
Hake, silver...........-. 32,000
Herring........ 825, 000
Horse mackerel. . 39,000
Jewfish, fresh. . 138, 000
Jewfish, salted. 22,000} 800 ]).-....-....
pach 337,000
Saath peal anh 718000
ulle 3
Pompano ......-..-..-.- 82,000
Bonsai 13, 000
2,131, 000
8, 800
20, 000
-| _ 147,000 4,900 83, 000 2; 800) |e. weworesdimaweemes 64, 000
i --| 8,808, 000 458,000 || 7,651,000 | 409,000 | 294,000) 10,000] 863,000
Salmon, chinook (salted 39,000 1,7 31,000 pA00 lsceisnezees| soeeeeses ;
Salmon, silver.........-- 141, 000 4, 200 106, 000 SOOT ie rece Aen cist ‘
Salmon, steelhead. ...... 76,000 2, 800 19, 000 700 5,000 500 13, 000
2,567,000 16,000 86,000} 400 )..........]....2.... 2, 482, 000
4,900 20 4,900
n 32, 000 B00 || iicsrseminer 3
-| 1,169,000 12,000 |} 1,143,000 cesarean
18, 000 41,000 498,000 | 28,000 |......-...).-.-..--- 220, 000
222,000 4, 400 126, 000 1,900 73,000 2,200 20, 000
326, 000 4,600 231, 000 3, 600 95, 000 T5100 | eecccerencciens
23, 000 700 13, 000 400 10, 000 300 ex scozniees
-| 1,326, 000 42,000 || 1,311,000 | 41,000 14, 000 600 100 Oye A Mecsetie ccasa iene Secs |e ieietais & pede | wisieanocates ekainnd a Seorstese ernie Rieke
1,776, 000 135, 000 |} 1,739,000 | 131,000 800 100 16, 000 1,500 20; 0005) 22,000 ea. s streets coternietee| Scam ceed emeewtee
StULZCOD, 02 sceccecc eens: 10,000 500 10, 000 ODE Mas scccpe sepa deeslhd Svcecswssarcs | SieiaysjednniSisiel| wereaidie Stelle COS BOGE RE lod at med haces Sarees | Sa letes dlscmmrcmaase eae
Surf-fish, or viviparous
perch 198, 000
Swordfish. 7, 800
Tomeod s< .2c2c202 sess 3,600
Whitefish: vse wens isa 5,700
Yellowfin ..... < 12, 000
Yellowtail, fresh. 564, 000
Yellowtail, salted... es 6100") BOO ewites cece theweeea vee
All other..........--.---. 44,000
1,697, 000 1,697,000 | 68,000
_ 258, 000 -| 258,000 | 31,000
721,000 721,000 1,800
558, 000 558,000 | 67,000
Abalonee cee cccssceeeevcseey 1, 005, 000 1,005,000 | 16,000
Abalone shells. 230, 000 230, 000 5,200
Clams, hard... 3 132,000 3 132, 000 4,500
Clams, soft.........----..... 4 468, 000 4 468, 000 5, 300
Miusselsij20c20e.nsesiececase 68, 000 68, 000 1,600
Oysters, market, from pri-
vate areas5.._.........-... 6 729, 000 BST (000 || cc ndscenees|weeret cia sa ekemnees|bemeanes leeeaea patel sada ewe Ranans aval esincinune| oewmu needs lee nee suey 6 729,000 | 337,000
SQUIG vss ereae 110, 000 4,400
TUrtles eee soseenskessecteaxt 38, 000 1,300
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, ete. , 729,000 pounds. valued at $337,000; pots, 2,255,000 pounds, valued at $135,000; trammel nets, 1,936,000
pounds, valued at $51,000; turtle and shrimp nets, 1,017,000 pounds, value:
pounds, valued at $11,000.
2 Less than $100.
3 16,000 bushels.
447,000 bushels.
5 Includes the product of one establishment belonging to the vessel fisheries.
at $34,000; abalone outfit, 1,235,000 pounds, valued at $22,000; and minor apparatus, 667,000
6 102,000 bushels.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. OL
TasLe 3.—CALIFORNIA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.!
SPECIES. Lines. Paranzella nets. Seines. Gill nets. All other apparatus.?
Quantit: Quantit uantit Quantit Quantit Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value emer . Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
OUR aictaw tas counateeeene 10,617,000 | $343,000 |} 3,517,000 | $101,000 | 4,718,000 | $87,000 | 2,098,000 | $15,000 39,000 $6,000 244,000 | $134,000
sa ni
arracuda...........------ 31,000] 900 |} 18,000 |) 400: a ccnccnce cn leeccactess leceadsees seelexeecaaee 18,000
Cod, salted... ‘| 3,2987 000 ;
Cultus cod... 50, 000
Flounders. . .
Kingfish
Mackerel, chub
Pompano
Rockfish
Sardines...
Sea bass
Skates. 22s scsiseepiawsxesees
Sole.......
Tomcod
Whitefish .
All other . - 19, 000
Crabs, hard... .. 5, 100
Spiny lobster-..... 15,000 | 1; 900 Werecneasvnescl esau cence eoenes 15, 000
Whalebone........ 32,000 | 119,000 32, 000 119, 000
Oil, whale......... sig 413, 000 900 6 13.000 9
Oil, SPerMs : = 2s... eseecaeeccees 5 169, 000 125000! ||. caisrdgied diel atotanarrnt| Aeownesiiggagis|| seaauredaed lrescieneceaie| seme neh Gl lids asiiaualeciatleedieisecrcicn 6 169, 000 12,000
1 Exclusive of the oyster catch of one establishment, which is included under the shore and boat fisheries in order to avoid disclosing individual operations.
2 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Whaling apparatus, 214,000 pounds, valued at $132,000; pots, 15,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; and trammel nets, 15,000
pounds, valued at $400.
3 Less than $100.
CONNECTICUT.
In 1908 Connecticut ranked ninth among the states
in the total value of fishery products, while it held
first place in respect to the value of the oyster product
and third place in respect to the menhaden product.
The oyster industry formed by far the most important
part of the fisheries of the state, and it was to this
industry that the Connecticut fisheries owed their
high rank. The principal fishing grounds are Long
Island Sound and the Connecticut River, but com-
mercial fishing is also conducted to some extent on
the Saugatuck, Housatonic, West, East, Indian,
Four Mile, Mystic, and Pawcatuck Rivers, as well as
on some minor streams and inlets. A general sum-
mary of the fisheries of the state for 1908 is given in
the following statement:
Number of persons employed............----.--+---+++ 2,147
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit............--.-- $1, 112, 000
Apparatus of capture....---.--------+---+-+-+------ 84, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.......-.-... 1, 086, 000
Value of products.....-..-..-------+ 22-222 eee ee eee 2, 982, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—In comparing
the number of persons employed in 1908 and the num-
bers employed in previous years, shoresmen are ex-
cluded, since the figures reported for shoresmen by the
Bureau of Fisheries include those employed in packing
and canning establishments and other shore industries
connected with the fisheries.
The following tabular statement presents a com-
parative summary of the principal items of the Con-
necticut fisheries for a series of years:
41,700 gallons.
5 23,000 gallons.
Per- VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
sons
em-
YEAR. Bloyed, Vessels | Appa-
and boats,| ratus Quantity
Eire Total. |] including | of cap-|| (pounds). | Value.
et outfit. ture.
$1,196, 000 ||$1, 112, 000 |$84, 000
1,077, 000 |} 1, 014, 000
763,000 ||’ 698, 000
718,000 || 647, 000
868, 000 || 761, 000 |106, 000
66, 942, 000 |$2, 982, 000
3,174,000
31, 920, 000
92, 672, 000
The number of persons, exclusive of shoresmen,
employed in the fisheries decreased considerably from
1889 to 1898. In 1905 a relatively large number was
returned, but the number reported in 1908 did not
differ greatly from those for 1902 and 1898. In the
report of the Bureau of Fisheries for the year 1898 the
decrease from 1889 to 1898 is ascribed principally to
the use of better equipment both in vessels and in
apparatus of capture. ,
While there has been considerable fluctuation in the
quantity of the product, the value increased steadily
from 1889 to 1905, after which year a slight decrease
occurred. The total value of equipment, which has
been advancing since 1898, was greater in 1908 than
in any previous year for which statistics are available.
Persons employed—The vessel fisheries gave em-
ployment directly to one-half of the persons employed
in the fisheries of the state, and the majority of these
employees were wage-earners. In the shore and boat
fisheries, on the other hand, the wage-earners formed
less than one-tenth of the persons engaged in fisheries
of this class. All but two of the shoresmen were
reported as connected with the vessel fisheries.
92
The number, salaries, and wages of the persons
employed in the fisheries of the state in 1908 were as
follows:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
Pro-
CLASS. prie-
tors a
and rie
Wage- Sala-
Total. nears ier earners. Total. ries.. Wages.
ent ees.
fisher-
men.
Total........- 2,147 1952 33 1,162 |'$544, 000 |/$42, 000 | 2 $502, 000
Vessel fisheries. .... 1,077 228 33 816 || 421,000 || 42,000 379, 000
Transporting ves-
COIS Hi ieieie ase cieaisiennaie 27 8 liccppexeiere 19 7,600 ||...---.- 7,600
Shore and boat fish-
OPICS 2. cosa yeenies 791 716 75 19000 laa sees 19,000
Shoresmen......... DOD Ml oteraty vans allo acicrczolers 252 96,000 jJ.. 2.245 96,000
1 Exclusive of 24 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $69,000.
Equipment and other capital—The following tabular
statement gives the description and value of vessels
and boats, together with the value of apparatus of cap-
ture, and the amount of other capital employed for the
year 1908:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS“OF INVESTMENT.
Value. Number. | Tonnage.
$2,281, 000
994,000
973, 000
363, 000
708,000 |....
160,000 |...
Vessels, including outfit...............22......-
Bishi? 2: eecccise2 sis
Steam and motor
Transporting. AES PRIA RRRE NSO
Steam and motor. ...
Apparatus of captur
Vessel fisheries.........
Shore and boat fisheries...
Shore and accessory property.
Cash
572,000
The investment in floating craft and apparatus of
capture was $1,196,000, or 52 per cent of the total
capital invested, as compared with $1,086,000, or 48
per cent, reported for shore and accessory property
and cash capital.
The preeminence of the vessel fisheries is indicated
by the high value of the vessels engaged in fishing
and transporting. Of the total investment in 1908,
$994,000 represents the investment in fishing and
transporting vessels with their outfit, and $118,000
represents the investment in boats with their outfit.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Including apparatus of capture, the investments were
$1,029,000 for vessel fisheries and $167,000 for shore
and boat fisheries.
The number of vessels reported as engaged in fishing
and transporting in 1908 was 243, which is greater
by 49 than the total number reported for 1902. There
was a corresponding difference in the value of vessels
and their outfit for the two years named, the value in
1908 being greater by $367,000 than in 1902.
The investment in apparatus of capture for the shore
and boat fisheries exceeded that for the vessel fisheries
in 1908, although, as already shown, the capital in-
vested in floating craft and apparatus of capture to-
gether was much greater for the vessel fisheries than
for the shore and boat fisheries.
The various kinds of apparatus used were distributed
between the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat
fisheries as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Used in—
KIND.
Total.
fisheries. | fisheries,
RY. We Nets 2.245265 catnte ares ehesmenaneucanes eames BOL | saeiseie cen 301
Gillnets......... 269 171 98
GUNS enn enastaccs se 11 V1 | ceamccwees
Pots, eel and lobster 16,725 1,813 14,912
Pound and trap nets 109 10
Seines 76 8 68
Products, by species—The fishery products of the
state are given, by species and by apparatus of capture,
in Table 1, on page 94.
A comparison with the statistics for former years
shows, in general, an increase in the total of fishery
products, due chiefly to the growth of the oyster indus-
try. Oysters, menhaden, and lobsters, shown sepa-
rately in the table below, were the only products with
a value forming more than 1 per cent of the total value
of all fishery products in 1908.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
SPECIES.
1908 1905 1902 1898 1889
Total weiesaciacs $2,982,000 | $3,174,000 | $1,799,000 | $1,560,000 | $1,558,000
OYStCTSs scene secs 2,583,000 | 2,810,000 | 1,472,000} 1,249,000 1,062, 000
Menhaden. - , 00 72,000 48, 000 26, 000 101, 000
Lobster... 2.2csess 84, 000 56, 000 41,000 84, 000 83,000
All other........... 221,000 236, 000 239, 000 200, 000 312,000
Products, by class of fisheries—Table 2, page 95,
shows in detail the products of the shore and boat
fisheries, and Table 3, page 96, those of the vessel
fisheries, by species and by apparatus of capture.
The value of the product for 1908 of the species
showing a value of more than $10,000 is given in the
tabular statement following for all fisheries, and for
the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries
separately.
FISHERIES,
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore
Total. Aves and boat
TIS. | fisheries.
MNoOtalss.ccc2nr does oaaeaeeiere einem sees $2,982,000 || $2,713,000 | $268,000
PUSH a jessiewingaisaeeinniscecn sticamiat sceiio caaegelte 246, 000 173, 000 73,000
Menhaden ORE Shenae 93, 000 91,000 2; 400
Eee Re ROO eer Tey , 000 25,000 1,500
Flatfish and flounders 21;.000 9, 600 12) 000
AG cee sgnen cscs shee 18,000 ||........-.-- 18, 000
Swordfish. ...........-.......... 15, 000 14, 000 200
RICWIV ES oc centeciceasecsdiesees 12,000 300 12,000
AL OUR OPS ecmcarss eaters ose x 4 60, 000 33,000 27,000
OY Sets 52 eccrine xearsatemcistsciremacinaamaieseet 2,583, 000 2, 484, 000 99,000
Lobster ... apctwrsitiaisicisinnbins relia ees Rasen acres 84,060 15,000 69, 000
Whale and oil products. . 31,000 31,000 |...-...--.
CAMS iz where seers satis Nee acne es cejaisls sisiesnicn, 26,000 3,600 22,000
POC CR scsi sieciase Siaietem nig deatatesaicnetsancearwafeinei atctepa 12,000 7,000 5,000
Products, by apparatus of capture-—The distribution
of the total value of products according to the chief
kinds of apparatus used is shown in the tabular state-
ment below. Each kind of apparatus which is cred-
ited with a total catch exceeding $10,000 in value is
given separately.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
APPARATUS
‘ Shore
Total. || . 48S) | and boat
* | fisheries.
MOCAlscccrbesuscesemesedeeG sate dousee oeae $2,982,000 |) $2,713,000 | $268,000
Dredges, tongs, etc........-.-.---------2-.05-- 2,614,000 |} 2,488,000 126, 000
DOMES vss cs cisies sincere d sce 2cAseeekesieee cess 116, 000 000 22,000
Eel and lobster pots. . oe 89, 000 15, 000 73,000
Pound and trap nets. 43,000 26,000 17,000
Harpoons and spears. 43, 000 42,000 1,300
DANS 5 ocsccseeeoseess 41,000 35,000 6, 600
Gill nets) xi <2csececas sen cee 20,000 4,300 16,000
All other 15, 000 9, 600 5,000
Oysters —From the table giving the comparison of
the value of products for various years from 1889
to 1908 it is seen that the high mark of production
reached in 1905 was due to the oyster industry, the
total value of products other than oysters for that
year being less than for 1908. In 1905 the value
of the oyster product formed 89 per cent of the total,
compared with 87 per cent in 1908, 82 per cent in
1902, 80 per cent in 1898, and 68 per cent in 1889.
The statistics of the oyster product for 1908, by
source of supply, are shown in the following tabular
statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND AND SOURCE.
Per cent Per cent
Bushels. | distribu- |} Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
TOtal a sccscccceces sasasetes fae 3,948, 000 100 || $2,583, 000 100
From public areas........ 217,000 5 103, 000 4
From private areas....-... 3,731, 000 95 || 2,480, 000 96
Market oysters........-.-..------+-- 1,395, 000 35 1, 168, 000 45
From public areas......-.....-- 6,300 Q) 4,400 ()
From private areas......-.....- 1,388, 000 35 1,163, 000 45
Seed oysters......-.-.----2--22--2e+ 2,553, 000 65 || 1,415,000 55
From public areas..........---- 211,000 5 99, 000 4
From private areas...-........- 2,342, 000 59 1,317,000 51
1 Less than 1 per cent.
BY STATES. 93
Connecticut was the first of the Northern states to
cultivate the oyster successfully. In localities far-
ther to the south warm weather usually prevails
in the early summer months when the oysters spawn
and a good ‘‘set” usually results, but in Connecticut
oyster culture is hazardous because of the uncertainty
of the ‘‘set’”’ of the young oyster, an abundant ‘‘set”’
being the exception. Hundreds: of thousands of
bushels of shells have been deposited on the private
grounds for the purpose of furnishing suitable mate-
rial to which diminutive oysters may cling, but in
rather more than half of the years this work has been
profitless because of the destruction of the ‘‘set” by
adverse weather conditions. The season of 1908
was considered a prosperous one by the fishermen, the
bivalves being large and of a superior quality and the
demand being such as to keep prices at a remunera-
tive figure. The average price of market oysters per
bushel was 84 cents and of seed oysters 55 cents.
The returns show that a considerable portion of
the product was taken by Connecticut fishermen
from beds outside of the state, mainly from the New
York side of Long Island Sound and from the waters
of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. A total of
1,270,000 bushels, valued at $1,090,000, was so re-
ported. It was distributed as follows: From Rhode
Island waters, 720,000 bushels, valued at $590,000;
from New York waters, 511,000 bushels, valued at
$453,000; and from Massachusetts waters, 40,000
bushels, valued at $47,000.
Oyster fishing is conducted principally from vessels.
In 1908 only about 4 per cent of the value of the total
catch was credited to the shore and boat fisheries.
Only 3 per cent of the product of the vessel fisheries
was taken from the public areas, as compared with
about 60 per cent in the case of the shore and boat
fisheries.
Menhaden.—In 1908 the menhaden catch of Con-
necticut ranked next to the oyster product in value,
and was surpassed in value only by the catches of
that species in Virginia, Delaware, and North Caro-
lina.
Lobsters—The value of the yield of lobsters, which
ranked third among the fishery products of the state
in 1908, was greater than in any previous year for
which data are available. It was more than double
the value for 1902, and slightly greater than the values
for 1898 and 1889. The quantity in 1908, however,
was only 661,000 pounds, as compared with 1,501,000
pounds in 1889, which represents a decrease of 56
per cent.
Whale and kindred products—The whale and oil
products reached higher figures in 1908 than in any
previous year for which a canvass was made since
1880, when the value of these products reported
amounted to $53,000. The total yield for 1908
included 49,000 gallons of sperm oil and sea-elephant
oil and 1,700 pounds of whalebone.
94 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Other products—Among the minor products was
shad, the catch of which increased steadily from 1889
up to 1905, when it was reported as 485,000 pounds,
valued at $38,000. The catch in 1908 was compara-
tively small, amounting to only 122,000 pounds,
valued at $18,000. The entire product of that year
was taken from the Connecticut River, with the
exception of a small quantity, valued at $700, which
was caught in traps in Long Island Sound near the
mouth of the river named.
Other fish, such as alewives, carp, eels, perch, pick-
erel, striped bass, and suckers, aggregating $17,000
in value, were caught in the Connecticut River. The
total value of the fish obtained from this river was
$34,000. The greater part of the smelt were from the
Saugatuck River.
Many fish that were formerly numerous in Connec-
ticut waters are no longer abundant. Less than
$700 worth of bluefish were caught in 1908, while in
1898 the value of this product was $33,000, and it
ranked third in value among the fishery products of
the state. The value of the halibut catch, which
was $20,000 in 1889, fell to $600 in 1908. In 1898
the value of sea bass taken amounted to $12,000,
compared with $5,400 in 1908.
TaBLE 1.—CONNECTICUT—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
sevens: Seines. Pane and, trap Lines. Gill nets. Fyke nets. All other apparatus.)
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value,
TOfall cd sister secs 66, 942,000 |$2, 982,000 || 29,398,000 |$116,000 |1,629,000 |$43, 000 |1,100,000 |$41,000 | 180,000 /$20,000 | 112,000 | $5,000 | 34,523,000 |$2, 756,000
Fish.
Alewives........-.-- 1,025,000 12,000
Bluefish.........---- 7,900 700
Butterfish..........- 102,000 4,100
Carp, German....... 7,600 600
OD scera iS cicacisecrcicamse 820, 000
OS sense mes esvoraues: 111, 000
Flatfish and floun-
GEIS. os eeceaemse 707,000
Haddock.....-....-. 24,000
Hake, silver.......-- 179, 000
Hallbuts.cccccicceas 8,500
Mackerel..........-- 122,000
Menhaden... -| 28, 636, 000
Perch, white. 7,600
Pickerel. . 2,500
Pollack. 25,000
scup..- 95,000
Sea bass 61,000
Shad. 122,000
Shiner. , 500
Smelt 10, 000
Squeteague. 180,000
Striped bass 6,500
Suckers... .. 66, 000
Swordfish........... 240, 000 240, 000 15,000
Tanto? son sexececceve 119, 000
Tilefishis owecseed exc: 4,700
Tomcod, or frostfish . 1,800
All other .........-- 5,000
Lobstet_....22..02:2s22-4 661,000
Squid........2....222--- 21,000
Clams, hard.........--.- 4100, 000
Clams, soft.............. 5 42,000
Oysters, market, from
public areas..........- 6 44,000 4,400! || iccereverevsweredas <x]oeeetsiees|aeeeetus|s ee esenes sorsee see 8 44,000 4, 400
Oysters, market, from $
private areas.......... %:95°7183000; || 151635000) ||. oidcx cect Rem nee Sa Ppt erate seeesee| Siecseeteleas dacaad 79,718,000 | 1,163,000
Oysters, seed, from pub- ee
ic areas.............-. 81,478,000 995000! [Pincse csdsnid sgeucsese leicyeeccreisiaral musiasticiedeaejal| SeeGsiasia) saeco deel ta cena 8 1,478,000 99, 000
Oysters, seed, from pri- cecabetaae | dceee .
vate areag.......-.--.- 916,; BLT, 000! |Poveaissieeceieeie|eeeiensectfeseeaece ciel satiecinna|decionsec rs las seeces 916,39
Mussels........ 1... AOE 2004.5 00: [Poeceuesoncal eare oes | aenuamemca| taemceceeecmans sen [ummcene "0 rope aes
Mussel shells... .....-.-- 11 5, 403, 000 U5, 40
Oil, sea-elephant .......- 12 88, 000 iz my pe > Bi
Oil, whale and sperm..... 13 280, 000 13 280, 000 20/000
Fur-seal skins........... 141,400 14 v 400 6,000
Whalebone.............. 1,700 1700 7,200
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 33,189,000 Pounds, valued at $2,614,000; pots. eel and lobster, 712,000 pounds, valued at $89,000; har-
tu
poons, spears, etc., 533,000 pounds, valued at $43,000; firearms, 88,000 pounds, va
2 Less than $100. 6 6,300 bushels.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 7 1,388,000 bushels.
413,000 bushels. 8 211,000 bushels.
5 4,200 bushels.
ed at $3,600; and minor apparatus, 1,400 pounds, valued at $6,000.
§ 2,342,000 bushels.
10 700 bushels.
11 90,000 bushels,
12 12,000 gallons.
13 37,000 gallons,
14 200 skins,
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 95
Taste 2.—CONNECTICUT—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY— °
TOTAL.
BpEGHES: Seines. POET na tep Gill nets. Lines. Fyke nets. ee
Quantit: Quantit: Quantit: ‘ Quantit: Quantit: Quantit: Quantit:
(pounds), | Value. (pounds), | Value. (pounds). | Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), | Value.
Total.......-...... 9, 162,000 | $268, 000 1,107,000 |$22, 000 918,000 |$17, 000 115,000 |$16, 000 163,000 | $6, 600 112,000 | $5,000 | 6,748,000 |$201,000
992, 000 12,000 858,000 | 10,000 120, 000
7,200 600 300 (2) 600
31,000 TBO0 Wenseveesicwalenaseana 31,000
7,600 600 7,400 B00 | fiassss reste erence ce
42,000 Bj 900! | less scccseciccesell sxecdeerererec 5, 800
110,000 9,000 36,000 | 2,500 6, 700
di 404,000
Hake, silver. 49, 000
Mackerel... : 8,300
Menhaden........... 374, 000
7, 600
2,500
15,000
3,900
9,000
122,000
5, 500
0, 000
Squetea, ue. : 106, 000
Striped aSS..... 2. 4,700
66, 000
, 800
08 77,000
Tomcod, or frostfish. 1, 800
Allother............ 5,000
LOD ars soe ncctarxkance 544,000
WIG ies eta 2 15, 000
Clams, hard... “| 484000
Clams, soft.............. 5 41,000
Oysters, market, from y
public areas a 6 36, 000 35400 | access ereraseeeness| searaceaeaies leicors eos leew eeesiesesl szineeecin|ecassiee eeeleee 5 oes llleteiecneenins beeen Ses 6 36, 000 3, 400
Oysters, market
private areas........... 7 287,000 83,000 :| aaa ecaansee asec seacenseste ale age sud peie cee eieeine| sac sene|secmensae Salling Saceie|lasecusisyeicis [atom de 7 287,000 | 38,000
Oysters, seed, from pub-
ic areas. .........-.--- 8 651,000 4331000 #|| Ser seciasctars sos asset Saisie seine homes piel Piewin Saale deewineee acces omaecse Salts neta em ade aaa leery 8 651,000 | 43,000
Oysters, seed, from pri-
vate areas...........-- 9179, 000 LSD || ciccercheiciajers'c cual Sansune-a cine oduradaet oe Udetcacel ded Sokeeasel Senddeds|veeaeeees calles sada |baonedeemenclacsese es 9179,000 | 15,000
Mussels..............-..- 10 500 (Alon | Eedeeseetwullss seve cleeaeas ceeiae's lecva area le nee tavarenr | oatemeel| eaeesace sells io ccssiieal eve ssatrctapaneia | entesaisicteial 10 500 (2)
Mussel shells............. 11 4, 863, 000 A200 I ne aare creisraae s5 lois 3 Recwds| bles esarsie's 2) erases. ciall ais eraie.s armeves] xatarseateeand | Meansiayaseiane a bial] brass Z cisiac epcieccisreierorateio axumetnewa 114, 863,000 4,700
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 6,141,000 pounds, valued at $126,000; pots, 593,000 pounds, valued at $73,000; harpoons, spears, etc.,
14,000 pounds, valued at "$1, 300.
2 Less than $100. 411,000 bushels. 6 5,100 bushels. 8 93,000 bushels. 10 100 bushels.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 5 4,100 bushels. 7 41,000 bushels 9 26,000 bushels. 11 81,000 bushels.
96 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasLe 8.—CONNECTICUT—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Lines. Pound and trap nets.| All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity | vatue.
(pounds). | Vue. |} Gounds). | Ye | Gounds). | Ve | (pounds). | Ve | (pounds).
IED tall vijnsaerace cietaee cide neisoce oem emule a Gaeeenine 57, 780, 000 | $2,713,000 |} 28,290,000 | $94,000 937,000 | $35,000 711,000 | $26,000 | 27,841,000 |$2, 559, 000
Fish:
Alewives 34,000 800! | nosipniece | onaincmenesaedeae acasnc easels 34,000 300 fais vecnmsisiess
Butterfish 71,000
OU s,s jaseiniasarasinra ss ainha) 3c SRORGTANE 778, 000
Flatfish and flounders 303, 000
Haddock 24,000
Hake, silver. .....-.....-.---- 22222222 ee eee eee eee 130, 000
Halibut 8, 500
Mackerel
Menhaden
POW ACh isis mie acstaicinateciemenwescis aisicinemseksdisenses.
OCU r waseucn cusveissinseemenunoer ems eaeet remade
Sea DaSSs< eeneea asec esecee 52,000
Squeteague............-...- 74,000
Striped bass..-.--....-..- 1,800
Swordfish 237,000
Tautog - 42,000
Tilefis' 4,700
All other. 1,900
Lobster. 117,000
Squid.. 6, 000
Clams, h: 316, 000
Clams, soft 4 800
Oysters, market, from public areas. . 5 8, 400
Oysters, market, from private areas. 6 9, 431, 000
Oysters, seed, from public areas..... 7 827,000
Oysters, seed, from private areas. . 816, 217,000
Musselsicci dace tisceeaniecesewieiestetecsgesentekenene 96,700
Muissel shells 5 iyccseis= sate = tepate Seatclnz posi 10 540, 000
Oil, sea-elephant...- 11 88, 000
Oil, whale and sperm. 12 280, 000
Fur-seal skins... . 13 1, 400
Whaleboneiscccsceseereecceuynrseeceaus evacuate 1,700 | *
316,000 | 3,500
4800 100
.| 58,400 1,
6 9, 431,000 | 1, 125,000
7 827,000 56, 000
816, 217,000 | 1, 302, 000
9 6,700 200
10 540, 000 600
11 88, 000 3, 600
12280,000 | 20,000
13 1) 400 6,000
1,700 7,200
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 27,048,000 pounds, valued at $2,488,000; harpoons, spears, etc., 519,000 pounds, valued at $42,000; pots,
119,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; gill nets, 66,000 pounds, valued at $4,300; firearms, 88,000 pounds, valued at $3,600; and minor apparatus, 1,400 pounds, valued at $6,000.
2 Less than $100.
3 2,000 bushels.
4100 bushels.
5 1,200 bushels.
6 1,347,000 bushels.
7 118,000 bushels.
DELAWARE,
Delaware, though ranking twenty-first in the total
value of its fishery products, was second in the men-
haden fisheries. Judged by value of products, the
oyster industry led and the menhaden fisheries were a
close second, these two industries combined being
credited with 59 per cent of the value of all the fishery
products of the state. The chief fishing grounds of
Delaware are the Atlantic Ocean, Delaware Bay and
Delaware River, Rehoboth Bay, Indian River, and
Mispillion and Broad Kiln Creeks; products are also
reported from a number of minor waters, such as
Herring Creek, Pepper Creek, Nanticoke River, and
others. A general summary of the industry for 1908
is given in the following statement:
Number of persons employed........---.------+-----.-- 1, 756
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ................ $372, 000
Apparatus of capture..............---222---2-2------ 63, 000
Shore and accessory property......-...-....--..--- 9, 500
Value Of products c.g canes ee peiecinccaecanied go nadens 541, 000
8 2,317,000 bushels.
9700 bushels.
109,000 bushels.
11 12,000 gallons.
12 37,000 gallons.
13 200 skins.
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The following
tabular statement shows the principal statistics of the
fisheries of Delaware for 1908, in comparison with
those reported by the Bureau of Fisheries for 1897 and
1904:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
dered
ployed,
YEAR. exclusive ek a at
of ‘Total i Ppara- |) Quantity
shores: » |], boats, tus of (pounds) Value.
men including | capture. ‘
a outfit.
1908. wicisisecersiccaiars 1,744 || $435,000 || $372,000 | $63,000 | 70,769,000 | $541,000
O04: ciaroiertaemiony 1,495 || 104,000 69, 000 35,000 |) 5,608,000 | -260,000
1897.5 steremoneens: 2,008 || 123,000 77,000 46,000 |} 8,648,000 252, 000
1Includes menhaden (59,815,000 pounds, valued at $152,000). This fish was
reported separately in 1904 and in 1897.
Persons employed.—The report of the Bureau of
Fisheries for the year 1904 showed 1,495 persons em-
ployed in the fisheries of Delaware, not including
shoresmen. The distribution of the persons employed
in 1908 was as follows:
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 97
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
CLASS.
Proprie-
tors and W: Wages.
Total. ||independ- abe
ent fish- | Carers.
ermen.
ae taceoced saadb her amapues. 1,756 1 853 903 || 2 $146,000
WOSS6l TSHONES, Ay coc ce2c peices ecawwn cay! 46 442 105, 000
Transporting vessels.............. — 3 7 "700
Shore and boat fisheries 804 442 39, 000
ShoresMen ocsci-sscccwesnaasceieteccessch! | 12 Wsmecdanas 12 1,000
1 Exclusive of eight proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $15,000.
Over 70 per cent of the total number were employed
in the shore and boat fisheries, and more than one-
half of the total number were wage-earners, independ-
ent fishermen being relatively not so numerous in
this state as in the South Atlantic and the Gulf states.
Although the number of persons fishing on their own
account and not employing any wage-earners is not
ascertainable, yet it is apparent that of the 804
proprietors and independent fishermen engaged in shore
and boat fisheries, one-half or more were independent
fishermen. Of the 442 wage-earners in the vessel
fisheries, 266, or more than one-half, were employed in
the menhaden fisheries.
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement shows the capital invested in the industry
and its distribution, by class of investment, together
with the number and tonnage of the vessels and the
number of the boats:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. | Number.| Tonnage.
MOtAL oe cacuswidacieneis Santos Seeiaasee Sosese S444 O00 oar crepes e lesareeels.d pase
Vessels, including outfit.....-........---..------ 334, 000
ISDID Gio oicie en carsi po twd CedaWereireement arte ous 329, 000
Steam and motor... a 277, 000
Vessels........- 233,000
Owthitt.... ees sscce 44,000
Sail. co. se. 52, 000
Wessel8 oc vee carson reese caves 42,000
QOuthit crs sores ve ccwnares aeieus 10, 000
Transporting (sail)... 5,400
Vessels. - 4,900
Outfit... 400
BOOS seen ceas eave 38, 000
Steam and motor. 25,000
Sails. Sscenica sivineceien ueGers se eran SESS 3,500
DROW sie, cradkenre cin diasacs oatecionais Sree see 9,500
Apparatus of capture... .. 63,000
Vessel fisheries .......-.....+---+--+-- 24,000
Shore and boat fisheries.........-.--- sehiot 38,000
Shore and accessory property......-..----.--++-- 9,500
More than one-half of the capital was invested in
steam vessels. Of the 12 reported, 11, with a total
tonnage of 1,136, were employed in menhaden fish-
eries, and 1, of 5 tons, in oyster dredging.
The total investment in vessels, both fishing and
transporting, aggregated $334,000, the investment in
boats $38,000, and the investment in apparatus of
capture $63,000. Of the latter, $24,000 pertained to
vessel fisheries and $38,000 to shore and boat fisheries.
76786°—11——7
The investment in fishing and transporting vessels and
‘in apparatus of capture for vessels aggregated $358,000,
of which 93 per cent represents the value of vessels and
7 per cent that of apparatus of capture. In the shore
and boat fisheries the investment in boats and apparatus
of capture combined was $77,000, an amount which was
about equally divided. The number of each kind of
apparatus used was as follows:
Bow nets. ........-.---- 4) Muskrat traps......... 16, 461
Cast Mets accdee'sss otha 5 | Pound nets. .........-. 9
Dip nets.......-.--..2-- 168 | Seines............--.-- 261
Eel and lobster pots. .... 3,167 | Spears.............2-.. 113
Fyke and hoop nets. .... 1,806 | Stop nets............. 15
Gull Nétssnnscs eegeseee se 865 | Turtle nets........--.- 13
All of the apparatus enumerated above, except 1 gill
net and 23 seines, was used in shore and boat fisheries.
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 99, gives the
weight and value of the fishery product of the state,
distributed by species and by apparatus of capture.
The product of the menhaden fisheries was the most
important, if measured by market values, for, although
the total value of the oyster product was greater, one-
third of the latter represented seed oysters and but
two-thirds market oysters. In quantity the men-
haden catch largely exceeded that of all other fishery
products, amounting in net weight to nearly 60,000,000
pounds, compared with about 11,000,000 pounds for
all other fishery products. Evenif the oyster catch is
considered on the basis of gross weight at an average
of 80 pounds per bushel, instead of on the basis of con-
tained meat, the menhaden catch is still in excess of
all other products in the ratio of approximately 30,000
net tons to 19,000 net tons.
Products, by class of fisheries—Table 2, on page 99,
gives the products of the vessel fisheries, distributed
according to apparatus of capture. The vessel fishery
products were limited practically to menhaden and
oysters. With the exception of the products of the
menhaden and oyster fisheries which are shown in
Table. 2, and the small amount of shad and squeteague
shown in the same table, all the products given in
Table 1, on page 99, were reported by the shore and
boat fisheries. Of these species, the portions belong-
ing to the shore and boat fisheries were as follows:
Menhaden, 54,000 pounds, valued at $2,400; shad,
868,000 pounds, valued at $68,000; squeteague,
2,587,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; market oysters
from public areas, 159,000 pounds (representing
23,000 bushels), valued at $8,400; market oysters
from private areas, 28,000 pounds (representing 4,000
bushels), valued at $1,000; and seed oysters from pub-
lic areas, 338,000 pounds (representing 48,000 bushels),
valued at $12,000. The total products of the shore
and boat fisheries in 1908 were 9,092,000 pounds,
having a value of $244,000. Of these products,
4,327,000 pounds, having a value of $69,000, were
caught with seines; 1,073,000 pounds, having a value of
98 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
$85,000, with gill nets; and 531,000 pounds, having a
value of $23,000, with dredges and tongs, and the re-
mainder with the other forms of apparatus as specified
in Table 1, page 99. The chief products of the shore
and boat fisheries were in the order of value: shad,
$68,000; squeteague, $29,000; muskrats and muskrat
skins, $24,000; oysters, $21,000; eels, $15,000; and
white perch, $14,000.
The distribution of the catch by chief products and
by class of fisheries was as follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore
Total. || VCs! | and boat
’ | fisheries.
Potalosciscncanassceietecseends vasedgeneose ties $541,000 || $297,000 | $244,000
Wish ge iccaje re sleisterccowisis o si nexmeaenineniets oe -| 328,000 150, 000 179,000
Menhadetie ccna scencaecesenuies apes 152,000 2,400
Shad......-- 68,000 68,000
Squeteague.........---------+--- 29,000 29,000
ONS: a ans Rwisicjeecmieatin Meme 15,000 15,000
Perch, white - 14,000 14,000
Alewives....... 8,400 8,400
Catfish.......-. 7,300 7,300
Striped bass. -.. 7,300 7,300
Carp, German. . 6,700 ||..-.....-- 6,700
AWOGR OD ge ccscscate ites sicse ecicennsisiess = 20,000 20,000
Oysters and clams.........-.-------- 170,000 |} 147,000 23,000
Crabs and lobster... ... 14,000 }]........-. 14,000
Turtles and terrapin........-.-..-.-.-----+--+++-+- 4,500 4,500
Muskrats and muskrat skins.-.............------- 24,000 24,000
BYORS 3, 50:0 scene cisinininineinnaiendinere » Ve PERS EER SESE 700 700
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The total value
of the fishery products was distributed according to
apparatus of captute as follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shore
Total. Pim a8 and boat
* | fisheries.
WO Gell oa ate itsinis: sieaciniarensionc sede anemiaeeeeace $541,000 |} $297,000 | $244,000
BGI CS ee eiecciccnnemegescneccmciss seleehawcmulie' ns send 219,000 150, 000 69,000
Dredges, tongs, etc.......-..-----..------ 170,000 || 147,000 23,000
SUL MCCS. a. a aia ssin'sin) se ; 1 85,000
Muskrat traps......-. 24,000
Eel and lobster pots.........-- 14,000
Dip nets..........--- 8,400
roe and hoop nets. - 7,300
CS oace gecmessnecies 6,100
PAM OtHED (oie sti rsizeicsicsmiieinsecaree em emeese aeheea 8,400
The catch in seines led in value and constituted
nine-tenths of all products in quantity. The chief
species caught in this way were menhaden and sque-
teague. The products taken by dredges and tongs
consisted almost entirely of oysters. Shad, sturgeon,
and striped bass were the leading species taken with
gillnets; and catfish and carp the leading species taken
with fyke and hoop nets.
Oysters—The oyster yield was 348,000 bushels,
valued at $169,000, and contributed 31 per cent of
the value of all products. Of the total quantity,
155,000 bushels were market oysters, chiefly from pri-
vate areas, and 193,000 bushels seed oysters, almost
entirely from public areas. The distribution of the
oyster product is shown by the following tabular
statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908.
KIND AND SOURCE. ‘
Quantit
(bushels). Value.
PRO tal eae retention ots rete inclam as em meseeisciiss neal 348,000 | $169,000
From public areas........22..02..00..002.eeeeeeee ' 211,000 64,000
Prom private a8eas cc ..ccse0s ey 0 ¢o4ucuesias oanene "136,000 | 105,000
Marbetovatete, sav xcdessayycepincenneed dam aedeascs sa dauses ' 155,000] 112,000
FYOM: PUbliG BESS) 2... s.s2:2.25)tcietsmisiesns condemned Heeb ' 25,000 10,000
From private areas...........-2.0 02. e cece e ee eee ence eee ; 129,000 | 102,000
Sead oyaterssaeeccasessa cn ie eamasnen ce thceeenereeaeats 193,000) — 57,000
From public areas: .:2.02 22 s<ecsc0e 4 ve saweeids ve cae catsias 186, 000 53, 000
EYOm Private AtCAS tercccies seven 24 arama decease 7,000 3,500
Oysters from private areas averaged much higher
in value than those from public areas, the market
oysters from private areas having an average value of
79 cents per bushel, compared with 40 cents for those
from public areas. Of the market oysters, 83 per
cent, in quantity, were from private areas, while 96
per cent of the seed oysters were from public areas
and but 4 per cent from private areas.
Other shellfish—The clam product consisted of 900
bushels of hard clams, of a value of $1,300, while the
lobster product, likewise small, amounted to 5,500
pounds, valued at $800. The crab catch, it should be
noted, included a large quantity of king or horseshoe
crabs, which are used chiefly as fertilizers. The food
crabs comprised soft-shell crabs, valued at $8,400, and
hard-shell crabs, valued at $600.
Squeteague and shad.—The squeteague, or sea trout,
is the most abundant of the food fishes, and in quantity
the catch formed nearly one-half of them. In value,
however, it was greatly exceeded by shad, which rep-
resented nearly two-fifths of the value of all food-fish
products, although only one-eighth of their quantity.
The bulk of the squeteague catch was made with seines
and the bulk of the shad catch with gill nets.
Muskrats.—The muskrat industry was important,
inasmuch as it not only contributed products of a
considerable amount but furnished employment, in
whole or in part, to a large number of men. The ani-
mal is trapped chiefly forits skin. The meat, however,
is used to a considerable extent, the sale of 110,000
pounds, valued at $3,800, being reported in 1908. The
value of this meat has been included in the sum of
$24,000 shown in the tables as the value of muskrat
skins. The method of reporting muskrats varied
greatly. In most cases the number or weight of the
skins was reported and their value, regardless of
whether they were sold alone and the carcasses dis-
carded, or the animals were sold entire, or the skins
and carcasses were marketed separately. Hence for
the purpose of tabulation the total value in the gen-
eral tables has been credited to the skins. The average
value of a muskrat carcass was 5 cents and of a skin
from 25 to 30 cents.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 1.—DELAWARE—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
99
TOTAL. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
is All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. Gill nets. eae hoop Lines. Pound nets. arias
Quantity
(pounds). | Value. ae Granite Snaniley
Quantity Quantity Quantity uantity uanti uanti Value.
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds) . Value (pounds). 4
Total.....-.....-... 70, 769,000 [$541,000 |) 64,091,000 [$219,000 | 1,075,000 |$85,000 | 165,000 | $7,300 | 206,000 | $6,100 | 11,000} $400] 5,220,000 |$224, 000
Fish: 4
Alewives.........-...--|_ 794,000] 8, 400 705,000} 7,300 59, 000 800 | 25,000 4,500) || (Qe Jnasaseticace[enccends
Black bass. . 2,100 200 700 100 300 2) 400
Carp, German 133,000 6, 700 84,000 4, 200 26,000 | 1,300 21,000
Catfish....... 151,000 | 7,.3C0 56,000 | 2,900 4, 800 200 | 81,000
WOD genus yesstme pees sea 7,000 400 | ee eract ¥aice| Sn see aiene| Adm den cel as sien eee sectentel
CrOaK Ors owe icicccsene nae 79,000 2,900 55,000 1,700) 2 990'|) 400) |eveviveoselawoccscs| 26000) 700 | sea oo.ca5leesene veliaseeereeete sige enaee
a 202,000 | 15,000 23,000 1,600 13,000
Flounders. 17,090 1, 200 11.000 800 es
Kingfish... = 1, 800 200 1,800 200
Menhaden. 59, 815,000 | 152,000 |) 59,815,000 | 152,000
Mullet... ... eta 27,090 1,000 17,000 600 6, 700
Perch, white sca 173,000 14,000 138,000 | 11,000 24,000
Perch, yellow. see 18,000 1.700 || = 17,000} 1,600 |............
Pike and picke . 11,000 1,100
Shad seoscsace cee cece ce 870,000 | 68.000
SHO bes seseceisideraacarel 15,000 1,300
Squeteague,orseatrout| 2,590,000 | 29,000
Striped bass 53,000 7,300
Sturgeon....... 31,000 D520 | sae aherd cies csarda|| aces sinicce
3,100 SOOO suse ts czeccfieatines
9,900 300
55,000 2) ROO | acta acetal aact ieee teem sees
5, 300 100 |} = 4,800 |} = 100 J...
BPOG6:6 212052 sss gsieeck sess 1,900 700
Crabs, hard...... 57,000 600
Crabs, soft....... é 142,000 8, 400 140, 000 4
Crabs, King. ss -ciccas seinas 2,980,000 4,300 2, 400, 000 3,600
LODStOF sisisses,2.c:crsedinve erssuicss 5, 500 800 5,500 800
Turtles c.ic: secre = 54,000 2,500 29,000 1, 400
Terrapin..4.....- ms 2,900 1,900 2,700 1,700
Clams, hard............... 3 6,900 1,300 36,900 1,300
Oysters, market, from pub-
lic areas... ... ae dated 4177,000 | 10,000 4177,000 | 10,000
Oysters, market, from pri-
Nate areas... eer te £905,000 | 102,000 £905,000 | 102,000
Oysters, seed, from public
ee ee ata 61,303,000 | 53,000 61,303,000 } 53,000
Oysters, seed, from private
epee 4 evita actin pe “ o> pares 7 49,000 3,500 7 49,000 3,500
Skins, muskrat.........--- 822,000 | 24,000 822,000 | 24,000
1T; aratus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 2,441,000 pounds, valued at $170,000; muskrat traps, 22,000 pounds, valued at $24,000; eel and lobster
ts Uae valued at $14,600; dip nets, 140,000 pounds, valued at $8,400; harpoons, spears, etc., 23,000 pounds, valued at $2,000; stop nets, 2,300 pounds, valued at
1,600; turtle traps, 11,000 pounds, valued at $500; bow and cast nets, 6,700 pounds, valued at $400; and minor apparatus, 2,400,000 pounds, valued at $3,600.
2 Less than $100. 3900 bushels. 425,000 bushels. 5 129,000 bushels. 6186,000 bushels. 77,000 bushels. 876,000 skins.
TasBLe 2.—DELAWARE—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGUT By—
TOTAL.
Seines. Dredges, tongs, etc. Gill nets.
SPECIES.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
PIN OPA Meats ose sia a nets ene aoe Sew Me ced deaye SEDER ORE Le ERE 61. 677,000 $297, 000 59, 765,000 $150,000 1,910,000 $147,000 1,500 $100
Fish: 2. 1 762,000 149, 000
Menhaden cs sevoccene ey tert ds Secmarsta sRReaR ATES 59, 762,000 49,090 59, 762, OOO retramteteueucs
SHAG cose cusscciene at oe sdiaas Semaine
Squeteague............-- 006} 200 ])) 3,000) = 200}... 2222.22...
Oystats, market, from public areas... ‘ iii age oe
Oysters, market, from private areas. ae B00 S008 000
Oysters, seed, from public areas. ... -- 149° Castoo0
Oysters, seed, from private areas...........--.------+-2++2+-- 9, 000 | A
12,600 bushels.
2125,000 bushels.
3138,000 bushels.
47,000 bushels.
100
FLORIDA.
During the last three decades the fisheries of Florida
have grown steadily in the value of their products,
and in 1908 the state held fifth rank in this respect.
It has a natural monopoly of the sponge fisheries of
the United States, contributed two-thirds, in value,
of the mullet product, and was surpassed in the value
of its shad product only by Virginia and NorthCarolina.
Florida has the longest coast line,of any state in the
Union, measuring about 450 miles on the Atlantic
Ocean and 675 miles on the Gulf of Mexico. The
Atlantic coast is remarkably free from indentation,
but is bordered throughout almost its entire length
by sand reefs that inclose long lagoons, sounds, and
bays (often misnamed rivers), in which fish abound.
The principal fishing grounds on this coast are the
following waters, in geographical order: St. Marys,
St. Johns, and Matanzas Rivers, Lake George, Mos-
quito Lagoon, Indian River, Biscayne Bay, St. Lucie
River, and Lake Worth,
The Gulf coast, like the Atlantic coast, is low, but it
is much less regular and is intersected by the estuaries
of a number of rivers and by numerous bays, sounds,
and lagoons. Following the indentations, the western
coast line of Florida measures approximately 2,810
miles. Nearly all of the shore fishing on this coast,
as along the eastern coast, is pursued in the shallow
waters shut in from the open sea by keys and lowland
spits. The principal indentations along the Gulf coast
where commercial fishing is carried on are the follow-
ing: The bays known as Pensacola, Escambia, Choo-
tawhatchee, St. Andrews, and St. Joseph, St. Vincent
Sound, Apalachicola Bay, St. George’s Sound, Wac-
cassassee, Clearwater, Tampa, Hillsboro, and Sarasota
Bays, Charlotte Harbor, and Gasparilla and San
Carlos Bays. Among the rivers the Apalachicola,
Withlacoochee, Homosassa, Anclote, and Manatee are
the principal fishing grounds.
The following table presents a general summary of
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
the statistics of the fishing industry of the state for
1908:
Number of persons employed..............2-----2-+20+° 9, 212
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit..........------ $1, 421, 000
Apparatus of capture.............-.2-22-2006--2°- 326, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash......------ 668, 000
Value of products... 2-2. swisicceiues oss eeeeeeee ees 3, 389, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—If the figures
are compared with those reported for former years,
a steady increase in the importance of the fishing
industry of the state is observed. A comparison with
such preceding years for which figures are available
is given below, the number of shoresmen and the invest-
ment in shore and accessory property and cash capital
being excluded:
Per- VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
sonsem
ployed,
DISTRICT AND
exclu- Vessels
ee Fay one of Total. ” ene ey ae eae, Value.
shores- . including pounds).
men. outfit. capture,
Total:
1908...) 9,006 |/51, 747,000 |/$1, 421,000 | $326, 000 || 74,087,000 [$3,389,000
1902...) 7,846 |] 1,298,000 || 1,126,000 | 172,000 || 67,704,000 | 1,940,000
1897...) 5,658 708, 000 620, 000 , 000 || 34,138,000 | 1,081,000
1890...) 4,776 769, 000 682, 000 87,000 || 34,882,000 | 1,284,000
Gulf of Mexico
district:
1,338,000 |] 1,143,000 | 195,000 || 37,566,000 | 2,120,000
1,139, 000 |} 1,044, 000 5,000 || 48,120,000 | 1, 462,000
651, 000 596, 000 54,000 , 255, 945, 000
699, 000 650, 000 50,000 || 27,419,000} 1,064,
409, 000 278,000 | 131,000 || 36, 521,000 | 1,269,000
159, 000 82,000 000 |) 19, 584, 000 478,
57,000 E ’ , 883, 000 136, 000
70, 000 32,000 38,000 || 7,462, 000 220,000
1 Alligator hunters not included.
Persons employcd.—The total number of persons
employed in the fisheries of the state in 1908 was
9,212, or, exclusive of shoresmen, 9,006.
The following tabular statement shows the distri-
bution of the persons employed, as reported at the
census of 1908.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
sia ee cent Salaried Wage
otal. |jindepend-| —_em- E Total. Salaries. | Wages.
ent fish- | ployees. earners: “i
ermen,
Dota arc ccs ccciaemeeiaenatingerinsed eases S 13, 288 41 5, 883 || $1, 414, 000 343, 000 | 2 $1,371,000
Vessel fisheries... 74 17 2,015 540, 000 23, 000 517, 000
Transporting vess il 16 138 61, 000 14, 000 46, 000
Shore and boat fishe 3, 203 8 38, 524 741, 000 7 736, 000
IM OPESTM ED docteatenucisse ssicchelvarcic ne sate REARS SES PAA ea Sede a mts Shue Deh oeaeomescall AU ieawe Qeeetua eens se 206 72,000 ||.........- 72,
Gilt Of MexiGO CiStriCt cc eaxwine yenvloc aces singe paises ps Bees Soe enGEe Panes Meee es ba 990 41 4,985 1, 234, 000 43,000 1,191, 000
Vessel fisheries... ... 222-2 +2202 e eee e eee eee nee ete ete e eee ee ee ee 1,901 60 17 1, 884 527,000 23, 000 504, 000
Transporting vessels. . 137 10 16 121 58, 000 14, 000 44,000
Shore and boat fisheries. 3,742 920 8 2,814 577,000 5,700 572,000
ISI GSU OM ec pcea so cee rere SRST eo estore ade SUake IRAs Soe Meuse ievatelors Gaatepeagenmnctbanns ciel aaicionsierts 4 DOG eas 'sa sceicicen| See ee 166 72,000 ||........-. 2,000
Atlantic coast district... ...-... 0.222: cs cece eee e cree eect eee e ene e eter teen e nner t ecto eee n eee 3,196 2,298 |....------ 898 180,000 |].......... 180, 000
NEGSSEl MISHOT OS tr xterm vte wan cyvromeiidedis el peteln susieiaie atsieceretdialels srs, aushaiabeacisis na stata telatedslenn ties shetaealieateib-art 145 14 131 18, 000
Transporting vessels. . 18 1 7 2,600 y 800
Shore and boat fisheries 2,993 2, 283 710 164, 000 164, 000
GHOPESMEN oc ope darencetrsie hercincin dng'sicis Soscinat Fomataabins Mab eacouee FRutodaeeeeaeacaeiaeeadh | AOiaeapexoeen 40 3 300
4—xclusive of 273 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $270,000.
FISHERIES,
The Gulf coast fisheries employed nearly two-thirds
of all the fishermen of the state and 93 per cent of
those engaged in the vessel fisheries.
The fishermen engaged in the shore and boat fish-
eries of the Atlantic coast were to a large extent inde-
pendent fishermen, only 710 wage-earners being
employed by the 2,283 persons classed as proprietors
and independent fishermen in the returns of these
fisheries. On the other hand, a large majority of the
fishermen employed in the shore and boat fisheries of
the Gulf were wage-earners. Of those engaged in the
Atlantic coast fisheries, nearly 94 per cent were in the
shore and boat fisheries, while only 62 per cent of
those engaged in the Gulf fisheries belonged to this
class.
Equipment and other capital—The following table
gives the value of the equipment in vessels, boats, and
apparatus of capture and the amount of other capital
employed:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Gulfof | Atlantic
Total. Mexico coast
district. | district.
MOUAl sc cgase dain Cheaters nadaeott ocean $2,416,000 |} $1,884,000 | $531,000
Vessels, including outfit.................2----- 846, 000 798, 000 48, 000
WiShin gs -cciscwecws scieseisa 225 veins Dose 680, 000 645, 000 36, 000
Steam and.motorses: 2.0 ne0 sen scetins 29,000 9, 900 19, 000
WesS8@] Sic ce semua sie erated date ciecinn. 25,000 9, 100 16, 000
OUuthitiesserenereexe erecwes aoa ees 4,300 800 3, 400
SAD oc. cctv acisthan Betgetee teomteeee 51, 000 635, 000 17, 000
VOSGOlS 5 5 staid: .ecicd eiiccisee meee ease 487,000 472, 000 15,000
Outfit. . 165, 000 163, 000 1,700
Transporting... 166, 000 154, 000 12,000
Steam and m 78, 000 69, 000 8, 600
Vessels 60, 000 54, 000 6, 600
Outfit 18, 000 16, 000 2,000
Wale srors ist secmetass oianaicdenie he aiccieiaiern 88, 000 84,000 3, 800
VOSSCISeacaciears tenis oes emeanesaite 47,000 44,000 3,300
Outfits: so cess veeesssas ceescaenss + 41,000 41,000 500
Boats.........-- Fh. pcvaietaig SS aareeiete mis SORT 575,000 345,000 230, 000
Steam and motor.............---.--------- 280,000 112, 000 167, 000
MD ayes a sed cries cclane NE sax bs satires spas tsa a egenne NORE 192, 000 166, 000 26, 000
ROW 2 ccisaareenieeareieseonstat neskaneine se 79, 000 44,000 35,000
Diving.....=5 22,000 22.000! | xeve vis. cexres
Other sccesccexe T5800! Me gacicccens es 2 1,300
Apparatus of captur 326, 000 195,000 131, 000
Vessel fisheries... 64, 000 59, 000 300
Shore and boat fis: 262, 000 136, 000 126,000
Shore and accessory property.......-.--.----+- 469, 000 347,000 | 122, 000
CASI cesta eoeintanctcwaisinas HusiaiiGeaonceen ee 200, 000 200, 000 200
The following table gives the statistics in respect to
the number and tonnage of the vessels and the number
of the boats used in the fisheries:
VESSFLS AND BOATS: 1908.
SEASS OF CRAY: Gulf of | Atlantic
Total. Mexico coast
district. | district.
Vessels, number....-.------- 2-022 c etree ener eee ee 827 288 39
Fishing, number......-..-.-----+-22esee eee eee 250 221 29
Steam and motor—
MUI DON. ociissassi denies Se eRe eRe err 12 6 6
Tonmoge...-..-..------++-- 125 67 58
Sail—
Number 238 215 23
Tonnage.... 4,341 4,049 292
Transporting, numbe 77 67 10
Steam and motor— gi -
BY STATES. 101
The total investment was $2,416,000, of which
$1,884,000, or 78 per cent, was reported from the
Gulf coast, and $531,000, or 22 per cent, from the
Atlantic coast. Not including the value of shore and
accessory property and cash capital, the amount
invested in the fishing industry of the state was
$1,747,000, compared with an investment of $1,298,000
reported by the Bureau of Fisheries in 1902. The
investment in fishing and transporting vessels was
$846,000 and in boats $575,000, making a total invest-
ment in floating craft of $1,421,000. Of this amount,
$1,143,000, or 80 per cent, pertained to the Gulf
fisheries.
The investment in apparatus of capture in the shore
and boat fisheries of Florida largely exceeded that for
the vessel fisheries. The total investment in floating
craft was, however, greater for the vessel fisheries.
The number of the various kinds of apparatus of cap-
ture employed is shown for each district and for each
class of fisheries in the following tabular statement:
APPARATUS GF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by
Rinne districts. class of fisheries.
Total.
Gulf of | Atlantic Shore
Mexico coast Sais and boat
district. | district. "| fisheries.
Cast nets. . 402 55 347 402
Dip nets. 70 20 50 70
Fyle net 10 TO) escietaistesgicios 10
Gill nets. 3, 640 2,143 1,497 3, 569
GUNS so sescxcsrae:2 Ss 36: 135 229 363
Pots, eel.....-- 3 OO: heystavetisre ere 3
POUNCMetS 2: ca cecmteneesss He 26 2G | ser serste sie | eas neemeess 26
BOIS: orccys wtass creisicrerarsmrarccinnien sie 702 236 466 10 692
SHrIMp NEtS a.5 se cersc acess ace 3 3 3
SPCalSecesccnecscnenee coeetmeis 432 422
Trammel nets. 140 140
Traps, fish. 700 700
Traps, otte: 5, 962 5, 962
Turtle nets 38
Products, by species—The fishery products of the
state, distributed by species and by apparatus of cap-
ture, are given in Table 1, on page 106.
In 1908 the mullet fishery led in value of catch and
was followed by the sponge fishery and the red snapper
fishery. These three fisheries contributed nearly one-
half of the total value of products.
The total product of the state in 1908 was 74,087,000
pounds, valued at $3,389,000. Marked gains are
shown over the total quantities as reported for earlier
years.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The fishery product of
the Gulf coast of Florida, distributed by species and by
apparatus of capture, is presented in Table 2, page 107.
The sponge fishery was the most important on the
Gulf coast, having a total product of 622,000 pounds,
valued at $545,000. This constituted the entire
sponge product of the United States, and represented
26 per cent of the total value of products of the Gulf
coast fisheries of Florida. Following the sponge fish-
, ery closely in the value of their product were the
mullet and red snapper fisheries. The product of the
102
red-snapper fisheries of the Gulf district was 7,659,000
pounds, valued at $432,000, which represented over 99
per cent of the total value reported for the red-snap-
per catch of the state, and 57 per cent in quantity
and 68 per cent in value, of the total catch of the
species reported for the United States.
Table 3, on page 108, gives the products of the Atlan-
tic coast fisheries of Florida, distributed by species and
by apparatus of capture.
Measured by value of products, the shad fishery was
the most important in the Atlantic coast district. All
but 3,600 pounds of the shad catch of the state was
taken in the Atlantic coast waters. The oyster
product consisted entirely of market oysters. Prawn
was an important item, the yield amounting to
4,152,000 pounds, valued at $84,000, the entire
product of the state being reported from this district.
Shrimps, on the other hand, were reported from both
the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico.
The value of products reported for 1908, by princi-
pal species arranged in order of importance, is shown
in the following table for the state as a whole and for
the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast fisheries.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SEECIES- Gulfof | Atlantic
Total. Mexico coast
district. district.
Total was sexceuceiscyeexeecceencesesess $3,389,000 || $2,120,000 | $1, 269, 000
FiSh ss. e5:- sen ueeeenei ee oeteee estat serene 2,337,000 || 1,324,000 1,013, 000
Mullet, including roe..-.....-.-- iva 652, 000 475, 000 177,000
Red snapper.........---.---.--- 434, 000 432,000 2,400
Shad....-...-..--- 320, 000 200 320, 000
Squeteague._.............------- 196, 000 63, 000 133, 000
Spanish mackerel........-...-.- 122, 000 71,000 51, 000
Pompano...... 65, 000 30, 000 35, 000
Black bass... .. 58, 000 2,500 55, 000
Catfish. coves 54, 000 18,000 36, 000
Bream, or sunfish . 50, 000 5, 800 44,000
Bluefish......-.... axe a6 45,000 28,000 17,000
Sheepshead)...2.. 0. 2sc2eoceutessceesecens 38, 000 17,000 21, 000
Drum (salt-water), or channel bass.....- 38, 000 22,000 16,000
Grouper......--. ein: 34,000 33, 000 1,400
Sailor’s choice....-.........----- 32,000 8, 000 24,000
Crevalle'..c.cncnecurecdiecete’ ox 24, 000 5,300 19, 000
AMMOCD Ofc esacaeeretcotee ste tes 174,000 113, 000 61, 000
SDPONGOS:. xcecconcssanececaniaeaasd ves 545, 000 545,000 |.........---
OY SUCTS sasiessioncctenamie acer meses see 296, 000 187,000 109, 000
Shrimp and prawn.........-.-.-.--- 92,000 400 91, 000
Alligator hides... caste 48, 000 27,000 21, 000
Otter Skins... c2a02 seesaw sues ecu aematan! 21,000 10, 000 11,000
All other: ¢cesuccsenievenssexsetas saeacectnees, 50, 000 26, 000 23,000
In the fisheries of the Atlantic coast the value of
shad, mullet, and squeteague constituted about one-
half of the total value of products; and in the fisher-
ies of the Gulf the value of sponges, mullet, and red
snapper constituted more than two-thirds of the total
value of products.
Products, by class of jfisheries—The products of the
shore and boat fisheries for 1908 are shown in detail,
by species and by apparatus of capture, in Table 4, on
page 109.
The total catch of the shore and boat fisheries was
63,992,000 pounds, or 86 per cent of the total for the
state, and its value was $2,459,000, or 73 per cent of
the total for the state. Among the shore and boat
fisheries the mullet fishery was the most important,
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
contributing 26 per cent of the total value of products;
shad ranked second, with 13 per cent of the total
value; and oysters third, with 12 per cent.
The distribution between the vessel fisheries and
the shore and boat fisheries of the value reported for
the leading species in 1908 is given below:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Shore
Vessel
Total. a and boat
fisheries. fisheries.
Motaliccswecececetiacesetccwensneoeet $3, 389, 000 $930,000 | $2,459,000
Fishiss-s.3¢.0cvactsecweceessareemasceedeeeceste 2,337, 000 476, 000 1, 861, 000
Mullet, including roe........-.---------- 652, 000 4, 200 8, 000
Red iISNAD DEN «6: 4:0, cis eine sates Se eieieieiernsee's 434, 000 418, 000 16,000
Shade cer snenecicnex 320,000 |).....-.----- 320, 000
Squeteague.............-------+-- 2-2-0 196, 000 (1) 196, 000
Spanish mackerel ......-.-.------------- 122,000 19, 000 104, 000
POMPONOr.25's;0coe ces teree ae eteeecses 65, 000 600 , 000
‘BIAGIE DASE oe die:sieiscie ne sgeeaiee ae eeeeesese 68,000 (Jac ccceusicns, 58,000
Cathshisnncwdsoccsssenndeemcacasaneagees 2 54,000 |/...-..------ 54, 000
Bream, or sunfish......-....-.--------+- 50;(000: |laxc-mieewre<s 50,000
Bluetish a. cuesacmcesersacanbeeweesieeciae 45,000 1,000 44,000
Sheepshead s.ccsc5 2s. ceeusdescesceenes os 38, 000 100 38, 000
Drum (salt-water), or channel bass... ...- 38, 000 100 38,000
GTOUD Ola cenniahe satis tie tea acee eaten se 34,000 24,000 9, 500
Sailor’s choice. - 32,000 (1) 32,000
Crevall6.. 2. 20<s22.e.n00- 24, 000 600 23,000
Allother..2ess2sessese06 174, 000 8,000 166, 000
Sponges....... 545, 000 436, 000 109, 000
OY SUIS). araio0 gcc tase coeeneien eee oes 296, 000 , 900 287,000
Shrimp and prawn.....------2...--0+-----+- 92,000 ||....--.----- 92,000
Alligator hides 48,000 ||...--------- 48, 000
O theorising aaa a isinaieierneacicicins so ecisicinece aga 215-000! || cina.cniorsicsaicte 21,000
AW Oth ery angesnine sis xcterenns tea ascier dan 50, 000 8,600 41,000
lLess than $100.
The shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf waters had
a total catch of 28,216,000 pounds, valued at
$1,215,000, which represented 44 per cent in quantity
and 49 per cent in value of the shore and boat catch
of the state. Of the total products of the Gulf coast
fisheries of the state, 75 per cent in quantity and 57
per cent in value were reported by the shore and boat
fisheries. In the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf
the catch of mullet exceeded in value that of any other
species, representing about one-third of the total value
of all products of the fisheries in question. Oysters
were next in value and sponges third.
The total catch of the shore and boat fisheries in
the waters tributary to the Atlantic Ocean was
35,776,000 pounds, with a value of $1,244,000, repre-
senting 56 per cent in quantity and 51 per cent in
value of the shore and boat cacch of the state. Of the
total products of the Atlantic coast fisheries of the
state, the shore and boat fisheries were credited with
98 per cent both in quantity and in value.
The products of the vessel fisheries for 1908 are
presented in detail, by species and by apparatus of
capture, in table 5, on page 110.
The total catch of the vessel fisheries of Florida was
10,094,000 pounds, valued at $930,000, representing 14
per cent in quantity and 27 per cent in value of all
fishery products of the state. In this class of fisheries
the sponge product was the largest item in value; and
snappers ranked second. The total of these two prod-
ucts was $854,000, or 92 per cent of the total value
of the products of all vessel fisheries of the state.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
The sponge and red snapper products of the vessel
fisheries of the Gulf coast together had a value of
$851,000, or 94 per cent of the total for the fisheries in
question. The total catch of the vessel fisheries in
the Atlantic waters was 745,000 pounds, valued at
$25,000, which represents 7 per cent in quantity and
3 per cent in value of the total products of the vessel
fisheries of the state. Of the total products of the
Atlantic fisheries of the state, the products of the
vessel fisheries formed 2 per cent both in quantity and
in value.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The distribution
of the total value of products for 1908 by apparatus of
capture is given in the following tabular statement for
the state as a whole and for the vessel fisheries and the
shore and boat fisheries, respectively:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS,
Shore and
Total. Pel cees, boat
Sherles. | fisheries.
$3, 389, 000 $930,000 | $2, 459,000
1, 133, 000 1,115, 000
617, 000 165, 000
606, 000 591,000
Sponge hooks and diving equipment........ 545, 000 109, 000
Dredges, tongs, etc 304, 000 295, 000
Firearms on seve dse ssc 48, 000 ,, 000
Trammel nets... 7,000 |}. 27,000
Fish traps... .... 25, 000 25, 000
Cast nets... .. 23, 000 23, 000
Otter traps .. , 000 21,000
AN Other wsisse,ciss sea areGasamencrctisarsiadaronene 38, 000 38, 000
The value of the products caught by gill nets forms
a larger percentage of the total value than that for
any other apparatus of capture. This class of appa-
ratus was used to a greater or less extent in the
capture of nearly all of the numerous species of fish
proper reported, although 70 per cent of the total
value of the gill-net catch represents the combined
value of mullet and shad. The use of gill nets was
practically confined to the shore and boat fisheries.
The next highest value of products was reported for
the catch by lines. The red snapper, which constituted
70 per cent of the total line catch in value, was taken
exclusively with lines.
The following tabular statement shows the total
value of fishery products, distributed by apparatus of
capture, for the state and for the Gulf and the Atlantic
coast waters, respectively:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Gulf of Atlantic
Total. Mexico coast
district. district.
Totalwscswaske wtocaeasseteeecaenscooas $3, 389, 000 |] $2,120,000 | $1, 269,000
GING tS nents seeceoencese emicen dee meee 1, 133, 000 559, 000 574, 000
|e aT een eorarnaneted SARI ERND RTA 617,000 || 534,000 83, 000
Bein S sc ojo :cic se acsaisrniersonstuiss ates 606, 000 ae ae 414,000
Sponge hooks and diving equipment. - 545, 000 y O00 Pecan seen aes
Dredges, tongs, ete........--..... 304, 000 187, 000 117; 000
Firearms..........- 48, 000 27,000 21, 000
Tramme! nets....-. 27,000 27,000 |scccesesesee
Fish traps.....----- 25,000 6, 500 19,000
Cast nets..... ic 23,000 1, 500 22,000
Otter? traps... ..sccssetedeemere tice eee 21,000 10, 000 11,000
AN Othe P26 «asc: jeicwen peseeeks Perseeta esses 38, 000 29, 000 9, 000
103
Mullet—While the total product of the state’s
mullet fishery in 1908, including roe (24,716,000
pounds), was considerably less than the catch of 1902
(32,289,000 pounds), it was larger than for any other
year for which statistics are available. The increase
in the price per pound was sufficient, however, to raise
the total value of the product from $473,000 in 1902
to $652,000 in 1908, an increase in value of 38 per cent,
compared with a decrease in weight of 24 per cent.
Mullet contributed only 19 per cent of the value of the
state’s fishery products in 1908, but constituted one-
third of the aggregate weight of all such products.
Practically all of the mullet was taken in the shore
and boat fisheries, less than 1 per cent being the prod-
uct of vessel fisheries. Seventy-two per cent of the
total value of this product was reported for the Gulf
fisheries.
The principal apparatus of capture employed in the
mullet fishery was gill nets, by means of which mullet
valued at $542,000 was caught, representing 83 per
cent of the total value of the state’s mullet catch.
Seines ranked next, the value of the amount taken in
this way forming 14 per cent of the total value reported
for this species. The remaining 2 per cent represents
the catch by means of trammel nets, cast nets, and
dip nets.
Of the mullet product, 1,046,000 pounds, valued at
$39,000, was reported as having been salted, and
135,000 pounds consisted of mullet roe, valued at
$15,000.
Sponges.—As already indicated, the sponge fishery
belongs exclusively to the Gulf coast district. It is
subject to marked fluctuations from year to year, and
for a few years following 1900 it appeared to be on a
decline. The statistics for 1908, however, show a
large increase both in quantity and in value of product;
the quantity exceeded that reported for any prior year,
and the value was exceeded only by that reported for
the year 1900. The average prices per pound for the
different grades and for the product as a whole are,
however, lower than they have been for a number of
years for which statistics are available. As the sponge
fisheries of Florida represent the entire industry in
the United States, the statistics in regard to the persons
employed, the equipment in vessels, boats, and appa-
ratus, and the capital are herewith presented.
In 1908 there were employed in the sponge fisheries
143 sailing vessels, which aggregated 2,200 tons and
were valued at $186,000. These vessels carried 88
diving boats and 367 other boats. The investment in
outfit was $103,000. The total investment in vessels,
boats, and their outfit was $337,000 for the vessel
fisheries. In the shore and boat sponge fisheries, 567
additional boats of all kinds, valued at $102,000, were
used. Their value, added to the foregoing, makes a
total investment of $439,000 in vessels, boats, and
outfits in connection with the sponge industry. The
567 boats employed in the shore and boat sponge
fisheries consisted of 2 motor boats, 175 sailboats, 356
104
rowboats, and 34 diving boats. In the sponge fisheries
as a whole, 122 diving boats, having a value of $40,000,
were used.
Persons employed in the sponge fisheries in 1908,
exclusive of 172 proprietors not fishing, formed a
total of 2,097, distributed as follows: 125 proprietors
and independent fishermen; 1 salaried employee; and
1,971 wage-earners, who received $437,000 in wages
(including provisions furnished to the value of $132,-
000). The persons reported for the vessel fisheries,
exclusive of 90 proprietors not fishing, numbered 1,466,
and comprised 32 proprietors and independent fisher-
men, 1 salaried employee, and 1,433 wage-earners, re-
ceiving wages to the amount of $343,000 (including
provisions furnished to the value of $95,000). In the
shore and boat fisheries 631 persons were employed, of
whom 93 were proprietors (exclusive of 82 not fish-
ing), and 538 wage-earners, who received wages to the
amount of $93,000 (inclusive of provisions to the value
of $37,000).
The total investment in apparatus of capture was
$78,000, which comprised hooks and diving apparatus
to the value of $76,000, and nets and other fishing ap-
paratus to the value of $1,300, reported by certain of the
vessel sponge fishers who had afish catch. Of the total
investment in the sponge industry in apparatus of
capture, $55,000 was credited to the vessel fisheries and
$22,000 to the shore and boat fisheries. The invest-
ment in shore and accessory property for the sponge
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
fisheries was $4,900, practically all of which was re-
ported by the shore and boat fisheries.
In the following tabular statement.the sponge catch
for 1908 is shown in detail, classified according to kind
or grade of product, and according to apparatus of
capture, whether taken by hooks or with diving
apparatus:
SPONGE PRODUCT: 1908.
TAKEN BY—
rant TOTAL. ;
Hooks. Diving apparatus.
Quantity Quantity Quantity! x,
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total........ 622,000 | $545, 000 233,000 | $177,000 | 389,000 | $367,000
Sheepswool......-. 310,000 | 481,000 132,000 | 156,000} 177,000 324, 000
Yellow. cranes ne 191, 000 43,000 43, 000 § 148, 000 5
GLOSS! swneaieccine atte 110, 000 17,000 54, 000 8, 700 56, 000 8, 600
GLOVE oie ence sie eos F 500 1,300 HOO) lisse esewie| wavrwsiames
Velvet............- 2, 700 2,000 2,700 FZ OOO: |e creesissscrenel| saecrensts cients
Wire. csicccese: vex 8, 500 1, 400 100 () 8, 400 1, 400
1 Less than $100.
The catch with diving apparatus represented ap-
proximately two-thirds of the total value, and the
catch with hooks one-third.
In the following tabular statement the quantity and
value of the sponge product for 1908 are compared
with the figures for a series of years as reported by the
Bureau of Fisheries:
SPONGE PRODUCT.
YEAR. Total. Sheepswool. Yellow. Grass. All other.
Quantity Quantity Quantity a Quantity Quantity
* (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
622, 000 $545, 000 310, 000 $481, 000 191, 000 $43, 000 110, 000 $17, 000 12,000 $4,000
347, 000 364, 000 134, 000 298, 000 57,000 31, 000 141, 000 30, 000 16, 000 , 800
396, 000 493, 000 203, 000 423, 000 63, 000 39, 000 109, 000 , 000 22, 000 6, 700
418, 000 568, 000 181, 000 483, 000 74, 000 44,000 143, 000 33,000 19, 000 7,100
304, 000 368, 000 154, 000 332, 000 56,000 16, 000 77, 000 14, 000 18, 000 5,000
332, 000 286, 000 157, 000 241,000 32,000 13, 000 129, 000 29, 000 13, 000 3, 200
236, 000 273, 000 150, 000 248, 000 24,000 9, 300 45,000 12,000 18,000 4,000
306, 000 387, 000 231, 000 363, 000 30, 000 12,000 21, 000 5, 500 24, 000 6, 500
367,000 439,000 (Q) (03) ( i) (I ‘ (1)
317, 000 381, 000 (1) Q) zs 2 a (Qt i 0
207, 000 201, 000 Q) (1) Q (1) () G 1 3)
1 Not reported separately.
Red snapper.—The red-snapper fishery has increased
steadily in importance, as shown by the following
tabular statement of the product for a number of
years:
RED-SNAPPER
PRODUCT.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
7,719,000 | $434, 000
es
171; 000
155, 000
124, 000
106, 000
8,900
223" 000
The increase in both quantity and value of product
since 1880 is remarkable, while the average value per
pound for 1908 represents a great advance over that
for the earlier years shown. This fishery was confined
almost entirely to the Gulf waters, and the catch was
made exclusively with lines.
Shad.—The shad fishery was by far the most impor-
tant of the Atlantic coast district, contributing 25 per
cent of the value of all products of these waters in 1908.
Shad ranked third in value among the fish of the state,
representing 9 per cent of the value of all products.
Compared with the catch for 1902, which was 1,819,-
000 pounds, valued at $125,000, the product of 1908
shows an increase of 56 per cent in quantity and of
FISHERIES,
156 per cent in value. The value of the products of
this fishery has increased remarkably, having been
only $20,000 in 1880 and only $42,000 in 1890. In
value of the shad catch in 1908 Florida was surpassed
only by Virginia and North Carolina, although in
respect to quantity Maryland and New Jersey ranked
ahead of it. The entire catch was made in the shore
and boat fisheries with gill nets and seines.
Oysters.—In respect to the value of products the
oyster fishery of Florida holds fifth place among the
fisheries of the state. The total product in 1908 was
1,067,000 bushels, valued at $296,000, or 9 per cent of.
_the total value of the fishery products of the state.
About one-third of the value of the products was
reported from the Atlantic coast waters and the
remainder from the Gulf waters. The oyster fishery
was conducted principally by the shore and boat fish-
eries, which reported 97 per cent of the total value
of the oyster product.. Compared with 1902 the
product of Florida shows a decrease of 737,000 bushels,
or 41 per cent, in quantity, and of $69,000, or 19 per
cent, in value. It is noteworthy that this decrease
has taken place entirely in the Atlantic coast district,
where the value of the oyster catch decreased from
$220,000 in 1902 to $109,000 in 1908, while on the
Gulf coast there was an increase from $124,000 in 1902
to $187,000 in 1908.
Squeteague.—The squeteague, or sea trout, ranks
next to the oyster in respect to value of product. In
1908, 4,864,000 pounds of this fish, having a value of
$196,000, were caught, as compared with only 2,757,000
pounds, having a value of $73,000, in 1902. About
two-thirds of the catch was taken in the Atlantic coast
fisheries, and practically all in the shore and boat fish-
BY STATES. 105
eries. The catch was made principally with gill nets
and seines. The product includes 54,000 pounds
reported as sold salted.
Alligators —Among the important fishery indus-
tries of Florida, though the value of the product is
comparatively small, is the alligator industry. About
three-fourths of all the alligators killed in the United
States in 1908 were killed in Florida, the product
ageregating 51,000 hides, valued $48,000. This rep-
resents a large increase over 1902, when only 31,000
hides, valued at $18,000, were secured. No data are
given for this industry in the 1880 report of the Bureau
of Fisheries. In the 1890 report it was estimated that
not less than 2,500,000 alligators were killed between
1880 and 1890, and it was stated that the numbers
had been greatly reduced because of the nonmigratory
habits and the remarkably slow growth of the animal,
and because of the killing of many alligators before
they had reached the reproductive age. The product
of the Gulf coast alone in 1890 was 49,000 alligator
hides, valued at $35,000, and 84,000 alligator feet,
valued at $4,200. No data were compiled by the
Bureau of Fisheries for the Atlantic coast. In 1908
hides valued at $27,000, or 56 per cent of the total
value of alligator products, were secured from the
Gulf coast rivers, and hides valued at $21,000 from
‘the Atlantic coast rivers.
Otters—The otter-skin product of the state is a
substantial one and in 1908 formed more than two-
thirds of the otter-skin catch of the entire country.
The total for the state was 2,900 skins, having a value
of $21,000, compared with 3,300 skins, having a value
of $18,000, in 1902. Thus, while the quantity de-
creased, the value increased.
106 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 1.—FLORIDA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. .
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
aanent All other appa:
i , ; 0
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Trammel nets. Cast nets. ratus.1
Quantity Quantit; Quantity Quantity | y Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. || (bounds). Value. | (pounds). Value. | (Sounds). Value. | (pounds),| Value- (pounds). Value. | (hounds). Value.
TOtal occcajesees 74, 087, 000 |$3, 389, 000 |] 29,803,000 $1, 133, 000 !12, 747,000 |8617, 000 |20, 400, 000 {$606,000 | 792,000 [$27,000 | 653,000 [$23,000 |9, 691, 000 $982, 000
Fish
Alewives.....-..-- 1, 224, 000 5500 | sso-cejcice nce seine celia seer ee pee tae 1, 224, 000 5; 500!| sisicisistvierawielletinzae's
Amber-fish.......- 38, 000 T5000, Il ccmetretnce | etccastine 38, 000 1600! | so scceees|aeeene tee 500 (2)
Angel-fish.......-- 70, 000 3, 100 33, 000 1,600 1,100 100 22, 000 700 4,000 100 |. , 800
Barracuda........- 45,000 3, 100 700 ro) 30, 000 2,100 600 (3). eaieecen seal teem e lene eee [ee aleeneier= 14,060
Black bass......-- 1,070, 000 58, 000 2, 500 200 467,000 | 27,000 376,000 | 19,000 4, 500 200 7 218, 000
Bluefish.........-. 952, 000 45, 000 340, 000 18, 000 84,000 4, 800 485,000 | 20,000 42,000 | 1900! |. .2.ceciice.n| scene aoe oor alesieeeee,
Bonito ois:.220.222e: 11, 000 QO0 le ercetrewonar fesietaccie nie 11,000 900 200 a
Bream, orsunfish..| 1,547,000 50, 000 13, 000 600 16,000 900 | 1,215,000
Butterfish......... 16, 000 400 5,700 JOO | a-vsewreecrats| eremgicanis 11,000
Catfish. ........... 1, 481, 000 54, 000 500 (2) 259, 000 8, 700 977,000
(8(0) 5) (2 eee 123, 000 2,800 52, 000 1,500 100 (2) 71,000
Crevallé.....-..... 1, 435, 000 24, 000 81, 000 2,600 | 1,250,000 | 19,000 81, 000
Croaker'si.:cece2e2 94,000 2,100 15, 000 400 2, 500 100 73, 000
Drum (salt-water),
or channel bass..} 1, 426,000 38, 000 514, 000 15, 000 121, 000 2,900 641,000 | 14,000} 109,000] 4,100 41,000 | 1,600 |.........-]........
Flounders........-. 185, 000 8,100 49, 000 1,900 100 @) 55, 000 2, 200 7,500 400 1,000 100 72,000 3,500
Grouper........--- 1,276,000 34, 000 74,000 3,500 | 1,185,000
388, 000 19,000 86, 000 4,400 281, 000
198, 000 8,000 172, 000 6900 fowcnscoeess
81, 000 4, 800 15, 000 900 57,000
14, 000 DP T00! |: sscis ccc dlsesaeasssce 14, 000
52, 000 900 || 2 octet easel gedstoiecs 8, 800 400 32, 000 400 12, 000 100! | edesecisewel eeresece 100 (?)
345, 000 9, 000 1, 400 100
3,500 300 1,900 200
Moonfish.. 18, 000 900 6, 000 300
Mullet...........-- 24, 582, 000 637,000 || 20,892, 000 534, 000 |. .
135, 000 15,000 86, 000 8, 300
417,000 9, 600 52,000 800
24; 000 1, 000 8, 800 300
109, 000 1, 800 6, 800 200
508, 000 65, 000 374, 000 49,000
133, 000 6, 900 16, 000 900
35, 000 2, 800 16, 000 1,300 15, 000 1 200) bog joseras siscansia iccisss arscinee [cto iaimpatciaiisies| Rineisaieets fmerswiceigeee| Ee eoaes 3, 900 300
26, 000 500: || sececs sae -
Sailor’s choice. 1, 257, 000 32,000 328, 000
Sardines..........- 22, LOO) ei stccansiaceie oe
Sea bass.........-- 154, 000 6, 600 28,000
Shad... -.os ccc 2, 836, 000 320, 000 2,168, 000
Sheepshead. -. 1, 571, 000 8, 000 3, 000
Snapper, red... 7,719, 000 434,000 ||......-.----
Snapper, other... -. 342,000 15, 000 186, 000
Spanish mackerel..| 2,647,000 122,000 || 1, 248, 000 63, 000 235,000 | 12,000 | 1,146,000
Obs sagacanstias aes 178, 000 4, 200 32, 000 1,000 1,000 2) 123, 000
Squeteague........ 4, 864, 000 196, 000 1,985, 000 95, 000 85, 000 4,600 | 2,728,000
Strawberry bass,
or crappie....... 180, 000 7,400 1, 200 100) |cisenescesceacsetmens 177,000
Striped bass....... 9, 0 1, 000 9,000 10003. onssesevel| i souccesel|eadawat cos
Sturgeon.......... 62, 000 5,000 62,000 5,000 |egesscassentle neceesce| sex adeecausl eee eseees|beauerseesleoemeee bec eecescelezeeeess | peeseseeeeeaaaress
Caviar and stur-
geon roe........-. 200
Whiting, or king-
FISH 5. oo cseyacn oe 230, 000
Yellowtail. 170,000
All other... 350, 000
Crabs, hard...... 148, 000
Crabs, stone......- 62, 000
Shrimp and prawn....| 4,353, 000
Spiny lobster, or craw-
fishes gaeciesneses 53, 000
Terrapin.........------ 21,000
Turtles.......... 163, 000
Tortoise shell. -.. 300
SPON KES a.0:c 22 sicrsrorie vias 622, 000
Conch vecteszcesicessx 15, 000 91,000!) cccsca esses [asecwinecisclia sitesi’: |accaisetan|s osancmexs vlesetemage| stines adele seewedes ees eeecise eeeeu ras 15,000 | 8 1,000
Clams, hard..........- 4234, 000 £15 OOOH |e cheaters eae teapecncrt alle Jct cereal asereicrnces cgemrense clea etere ane ok Genel peateoyen (ace tere e Gea rad 4239'000 | 15,000
Oysters, market, from i
publicareas ......... 5 7,327,000 284; O00) t eieeese cecal eae ea eects Me aiseschene i | tes eave ol bt citsasaie, 10.2 | acticia djesasal| deesapede'd Gidiatel| nub idleaates lees aadie chars feizca ciaesiers 57,327,000 | 284,000
Oysters, market, from :
private areas ........ 6 141,000 LO; OOM ace cartcaceueynis| epsieieye Dodie alle areisieionricions oliya-cisiciciasial| Me memam eae setadined leasseRaeee| Heenwessoemmaewees |[smeeeiee 6141,000 | 12,000
BSeallops: .iccssic cic ccssie' 7 400 100 100
Hides, alligator... 8 254, 000 48, 000 48, 000
SENS OEP. cee cxes ¥ 9 5,700 21,000 21,000
Oil, sperm............- 10 28, 000 1,900 1,900
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Sponge hooks and diving apparatus, 622,000 pounds, valued at $545,000; dredges, tongs, etc., 7,506,000 pounds, valued at
$304,000; firearms, 254,000 pounds, valued at $48,000; fish traps, 517,000 pounds, valued at $325,000; otter traps, 5,700 pounds, valued at $21,000; pound ne, 295,000 pounds,
valued at $18,000; spears, 119,000 pounds, valued at 36,100;
valued at $300: and minor apparatus, 268,000 pounds, valued at $12,000.
2 Less than $100.
3 Includes pearls, valued at $300.
430,000 bushels.
ip nets, 92,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; shrimp nets, 8,000 pounds, valued at $400; fyke nets, 4,000 pounds,
5 1,047,000 bushels.
6 20,000 bushels.
7 50 gallons.
8 51,000 hides.
9 2,900 skins.
10 3,800 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 2.—FLORIDA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
107
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Trammel nets. Pound nets. All Gilet SRDS:
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Motel... c.2ckesenter 37, 566, 000 |$2, 120,000 || 15,834,000 |$559, 000 | 10,004,000 |$534, 000 {5,708,000 |$193,000 | 792,000 )$27,000 | 295,000 |$18, 000 4,934,000 [$790,000
Fish:
Amber-fish.......... 38, 000 1,600) |e. oc cac.0c00
Angel-fish..... 67,000 3,000 33, 000
Barracuda... 44,000 3,100 |lsciescszcea. [es
Black bass... 37,000 2,500 2,000
Bluefish............. 580, 000 28, 000 202, 000
Bonito........... 11,000 900 | ecae e eeeereree
Bream, or sunfis 138, 000 5, 800 13,000
Butterfish. 16, 000 400 5,700
Catfish........2. 246, 000 185000 || nce cceiee nce
Cobia, or snooks..... 41,000 1,500 32,000
Crevallé............. 175,000 5,300 58,000
Drum (salt-water), or
channel bass 608, 000 22,000 279,000 | 10,000 |...........-|..-....-- 217,000 | 7,800} 109,000] 4,100 |..........]........ 3,000 100
Flounders..... 86, 000 3,900 35,000 | 1,500 |...........[.-.. 2... 27,000 50 00
Grouper....... 1, 231, 000 33,000 74,000 3,500 | 1,140,000 | 29,000 9,300
GINS. 56ccccrne ses 384, 000 19, 000 82,000 4,300 281,000 | 14,000 11,000
Mogfishi. ssc cicccne aces 81,000 4, 800 15,000 900 57, 000 3,400 4, 200
Jewfish........ 14,000 Vx TOO! |] 52 2 wise azapascc|e scicsceieaie 14,000 1,100 |.........-
Jurel oc cesses 52,000 DOO! || zc iacapsreesicaznsis| d cieisressys ae 8, 800 400 32,000
Ladyfish...... 345, 000 9,000 1,400 100) | gcdsne sence! |iccoeoase 320, 000
Margate-fish 3,500 300 1,900 200 1,300 MOO! | oaentncerecs
Moonfish............ 18, 000 900 6, 000 B00: | ronessem irene ances 11,000 600 1,500 (7) |rwvnagerec|ecrdescs leven ewes olanbanes
Mullet......... 16, 008, 000
Mullet roe... 135, 000
Mutton-fish.. 41,000} 3,100 ]]....-....-..
Permits «. sccccesnsecs 24,000
Pompano............ 232,000 30, 000 179, 000
Porgy, or scup. 133, 000 6, 900 16,000
Porkfish....... 35, 000 2,800 16, 000
Round robin. . 26, 000 BOO sispcac soaves
Sailor’s choice. ...... 125, 000 8, 000 35, 000
Sardines....... 22,000 L100) | resunecesee
Sea bass. 43, 000 1,500 28,000
Shad...... 3, 600 200 3, 600
Sheepshead 473,000 17,000 261,000
Snapper, re 7, 659, 000 432,000 |]...--.-.----|.---
Snapper, other....... 232, 000 13,000 131.000
Spanish mackerel... 1,419, 000 71,000 504, 000
Spot 1,600 13,000
Squeteague. ... 63, 000 768,000
Sturgeon............ 600 6, 500
Caviar and sturgeon
BOC Br: 2eicsines ocak 200 200 200) 200 fncceeaenen:
Whiting, or kingfish 37,000 1, 400 18,000
Yellowtail........... 169.000 14,000 56,000
All other............ 287,000 14,000 11,000
Crabs, hard.............. 2,400 200! |e cersiereaisis o2 |e screws | a cis scingioes oe
Crabs, stone 62, 000 3,700 6, 800
Shrimp.................. 8, 000 400 |]. --- 2-2 ee eee fee eee ee [eee eee eee ee
Spiny lobster, or craw-
SH yt doeotmeete os 53, 000 2,600 13,000 | = 600 |....--..----
Perrapiteesscss:xcas eves 2, 600 1,000 2,000 | = 800 j.......-----
Turtles 134,000 11,000 124, 000
Tortoise shell 300 1.300 300
iS) 622, 000 545, 000 622,000
15,000 31,000 ,000 | 21,000
Clams, hard 4182, 000 5, 800 4 182,000 5,
Oysters, market, from
public areas........... 6:3,°721,,000 |. 182;,000) | yexwaes seuss [necewsiie: | sooetai scaae| see bncmalaeuiiens sein] as se ea siee| seameuiee pal eecasoanteccseedes feed aneiee 53,721,000 | 182,000
Oysters, market, from |
private areas. earn 6 43,000 4,600
Scallops. .....- 7 400 100
Hides, alligator. . 8 136, 000 27,000
Skins, otter.............. 9 2, 800 10, 000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Sponge hooks
and diving apparatus, 622,000 pounds, valued at $545,000; dredges, tongs, etc., 3,773,000 pounds, valued at
187, ; fi , 136,000 pounds, valued at $27,000; otter traps, 2,800 pounds, valued at $10,000; fish traps, 82,000 pounds, valued at $6,500; spears, 62,000 pounds valued at
Be rae’ poet ee 33,000 Fangs: valued at $1,500; shrimp nets, 8,000 pounds, valued at $400; fyke nets, 4,000 pounds, valued at $300; dip nets, 2,400 pounds, valued at $200;
and minor apparatus, 208,000 pounds, valued at $7,400.
2 Less than $100.
3 Includes pearls, valued at $300.
4 203,000 bushels.
6 532,000 bushels.
6 6,100 bushels.
7 50 gallons.
8 27,000 hides.
9 1,400 skins.
)
108 FISHERIES. OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLeE 3.—FLORIDA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. ’
. ' : All other appa-
SPECIES, Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Fish traps. Cast nets. ae
Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity | quantity _ | Quantit :
(pounds). | Value. |} (Sounds). | Value. (pounds) | Value. | (pounds). Value. | (pounds). Value. | (Sounds). Value. |(Sounds). Value
Total. scsciececccecrecen 36,521,000 |$1, 269,000 ||13, 969,000 |$574,000 [2,743,000 [$83,000 [14,692,000 [$414,000 | 435,000 '$19,000 | 620,000 [$22,000 |4,061,000 /$158, 000
Fish:
Alewives..........----- 1, 220,000 400) Noxivecnrossepeh acme hens orien sateen 1,220, 000
56,000 501 (2) 456,000 | 26,000 376, 000
17,000 139, 000 6, 200 73,000 | 3,100 160,000
Bream, or sunfish.......| 1,409,000 BA 000 Nl se ic ezcara| Sis stepascleste 2,300 100 | 1,204,000
Catfish...............---| 1,235,000 36,000 500 (2) 229,000 | 6,700 975,000
Cobia, or sergeant-fish . . 82,000 1,300 20,000 400 100 (2) 62,000
Crevallé...........2..- 1, 260, 000 19,000 23,000 500 |1, 228,000 | 18,000 8,700
Crosker ..........22.2-5 92, 000 2,000 15, 000 400 2,500 101 71,000
Drum (salt-water), or
channel bass........-. 818,000 16, 000 235, 000 4,600 | 121,000 | 2,900 424,000
Flounders.............. 99, 000 4,100 14,000 50 100 () 28, 000
Grouper s ee sccesaszceess 45,000 D400 Nose ecctnaliliveienu cts 45,000 | 1,400 |...........
Grunts.... 4, 400 100 4,000 100 200 (7) 100
Hickory shad........... 198,000 4 27,000
Mullet, including roe...| 8,573,000 181,000
Mutton-fish............. 376,000 288, 000
3,000
105, 000
276,000
1, 132, 000
110,000
BRAG cemeve uses 2, 833, 000 320,000 || 2,164,000 | 255,000 |..........|--..---- 668, 000
Sheepshead. 1,098, 000 : 291,000 5, 700 38,000 | 1,200 746,000
Snapper, red 60,000 ADD! llhatiesaerarecierovn | wealaretare’ [i 60,000 |} 2,400 |.........--
Snapper, other.......... 110, 000 2,200 55, 000 1,200 100 200 46, 000
Spanish mackerel... ... 1, 228, 000 51,000 744,000 | 27,000 | 207,000 | 9,300 278, 000
SPO ise ciccecciarcsostorsie aereraeene: 130,000 2,600 20,000 50! 1,0 (2) 102,000
Squeteague............. 3,657,000 133,000 |} 1,217,000 | 51,000 84,000 | 4,600 | 2,346,000
Strawberry bass and
CLAP DIC» caais sa veesreniers 180,000 7,400 1,200 100: \sdsieeeceed|ivercecn 177,000
Striped bass..........-- 9,000 1,000 9,000 L000" ilserseeapiticral| acodeiersieis | ieahinscens
Sturgeon.....-....-.... 55, 000 4, 400 55, 000 AO Wisc ceptiercisorecal| enero acereel| eraisizyasays casas
Whiting, or kingfish .... 194, 000 7,200 24,000 800 36,000 | 1,500 133,000
AD OCREP ie ceiece cece 75,000 2,500 29,000 1,100 10,000 200 36,000
Crabs, hard... 22.00.0000 146, 000 2,700
Shrimp and prawn........- 4,346,000 91,000
TOMA PID cccic saccsieins cisisciemnae , 000 8,500
TUPtles....cccciweass ect cuns 29,000 700
Clams; hard!s.s<25 05 saececce 3 57,000 9, 400
Oysters, market, from pub-
JICATCOS:. cesses St waicse 43,606, 000 101,000 43,606,000 | 101,000
Oysters, market, from pri-
vate areaS....-.....-.---- § 98, 000 7,600 5 98,000 7,600
Hides, alligator. --| 119,000 21,000 6119,000 | 21,000
Skins, otter. 7 3,000 11,000 73,000 | 11,000
Oil, sper saccyensenesqeesce 8 28,000 1, 900 8 28,000 900
1 Includes apparatus with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 3,732,000 pounds, valued at $117,000; firearms, 119,000 pounds, valued at $21,000; otter traps, 3,000
pounds, valued at $11,000; spears, 57,000 pounds, valued at Pion, nets, 90,000 pounds, valued at $1,000; and minor apparatus, 60,000 pounds, valued at $5,000.
® 14,000 bushels.
6 24,000 hides.
2 Less than $100.
3 7,200 bushels.
4 515,000 bushels.
71,500 skins.
8 3,800 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 109
TaBLe 4.—FLORIDA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Trammel nets. Cast nets. All othe appar
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity} x, Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total............-. 63, 992, 000 /$2, 459, 000 |/29, 483, 000 31, 115,000 4,186, 000 |$165, 000 |20, 154, 000 |$591,000 | 792,000 327,000 | 653,000 |823, 000 |8, 723, 000 /$537, 000
aaa
OWIV ES... secneee xe 1, 224, 000 155/000! | Aarasisccle ciciare |atesecaisencapeisyael|ienwrtclerarattatl| dhnciine arate 1, 224, 000
‘Amber-fish. "34, 000 1,300! Idascecracedlaeasceoc os 33,000 | "4,300"...
Angel-fish... 69, 000 3, 000 33, 000 1,600 1,100 100 22, 000
Barracuda. taal 41, 000 2,800 700 27,000 1,900 600
Black bass........... 1,070, 000 58, 000 2, 500 200 | 467,000 | 27,000 376, 000
Bluefish............. 937, 000 44, 000 326, 000 17,000 83, 000 4,600 485, 000
Bonito: sosnteamesc au 8,900 M004 || cgew woceeion | Eepramaeaa 8, 700 70 200
Bream, or sunfish....| 1,547,000 50, 000 13, 000 600 16, 000 900 | 1,215,000
Butterfish........... 16, 0 40 5, 700 100 Ween oasmnedlumancieterens ,
Catfish... ....22...-. 1, 481, 000 54, 000 (2) 259,000 | 8,700 | 977,000
123, 000 2, 800 52, 000 1, 500 100 (2) 71, 000
1, 403, 000 23, 000 80, 000 2,600 /1,218,000 | 18,000 81, 000
Tram (ctloancn ae 94, 000 2,100 15,000 40 2, 500 10 73, 000
,
channel bass....... 1, 427, 000 38, 000 512, 000 15,000 | 121,000 2,900 641, 000
Flounders........... 185, 000 8, 100 49, 000 1,900 100 (?) 55, 000
Grouper............. 265, 000 9, 500 74,000 3,500 | 174,000 5, 300
Grunts.... 341, 000 17,000 86, 000 4,400 | 234,000 | 11,000
Hickory shad........ 198, 000 8, 000 172, 000 65900 seis ness sesllamsnecarcd
ogfish.. 79, 000 4,600 15, 000 900 55,000 3, 300
Jewfish 14, 000 15200) |asannntmsiaall ceariwnresci 14,000 1,10
PULE woe vyeciews eaves 52, 000 GOO! laseicsatsie crcisuaiilll slate atiacattocecs 8, 800 “400 32, 000 400 12, 000 MOD! | ve garcrne a acl ethad ota 100 (@)
Lad Diecew sie eatens 345, 000 9, 000 1, 400
Margate-fish......... 3, 500 300 1, 900
Moonfish............ 18, 000 900 6, 000
.| 24, 442, 000 632,000 |/20, 752, 000
135, 000 15, 000 86,000
417,000 9, 600 52, 000
24, 000 1,000 8, 800
109, 000 1, 800 6, 800
505, 000 64, 000 373, 000
117,000 6, 100 16, 000 900 93, 000 4,900 4,600 100): |i.sieciaGd Stale aeee etaaeedan: eeeacaes 2,620 200
me Ae 2, i 16, 000 1, 300 14, 000 DOO ercciteso: | seueuaias|twmnieet Sac] ative mage beeeetecet lecomeas 3, 900 300
Sailor’s choice... _...] 1,257,000 | 32, 000
Sardines. ............ 22, 000 1,100
Sea bass............. 114, 000 3, 800
Ad 5.001555, 2, 836, 000 320, 000
Sheepshead... 1, 568, 000 38, 000
Snapper, red........ 341, 000 16, 000
Snapper, other...... 341, 000 15, 000 185, 000 56, 000 76, 000
Spanish mackerel....| 2,332,000 104,000 || 1,180, 000 60,000 | 232,000 | 12,000 901,000 | 31,000 19, 000
DOL evaspenss nysraievn ies 178, 000 4, 200 32, 000 1, 000 1,000 2) 123, 000 2, 500 9, 500
nae bean ai 4, 864, 000 196, 000 |) 1,985, 000 95, 000 85, 000 4,600 | 2,728,000 | 94,000 56, 000
rawberry
seer is > 180, 000 7,400 1, 200 177,000
Striped bass. 9, 000 1,000 G3000)| D000! | ssicciciccesccas| secreiseieec'abeiomsins cure
Sturgeon... «2 :2.2<2%5 62, 000 5, 000 620007) S000! ss ncewonn| saaneadenbecaeatenmels seeseewe | seceemai |eeeacees|epeiexgeaelendcoate leas nate S ener
Caviar and sturgeon
TOCE fis, Laneeecizmaon 200 200 QOD |) 5 SOD E Mas se aetian a deen cts ides shy 5a eles Su eadeegn esate sated Sate nist igs e-chbndsgalacs | wagldyqahedeis | aveloasea his laeadasfcpaseedaedSse
Whiting, or kingfish. 230, 000 8, 690 41,000 151, 000 SOOO! | oi 2c rapersrsie mrettarccnecg 1, 200 TOO: | sscensys eyo soneresec
Yellowtail........... 167, 000 14, 000 56, 000 32,000 901 1,000 (yey Isaeieeies be ateeaas 8, 000 800
AM. others sic vanaa 334, 000 16, 000 38, 000 47, 000 21000! | ed agussarse| sdememas tas tichtaeteiaate 3, 200 100
ces, Beet ideale esses 148, nau Sissel ete) aca sia aiavetota 77, 000 oe
rabs, stone....... 62,000) 8,700')/ —6;800') = 400) 40,000) | 2,600: |eececieins coc fiees ete ginal cemcaceaae|secmcie slimes camen|aacnmene 15, 000
ote and prawn.....- 4, 353, 000 240,000 | 9,000 8, 000 400
Spiny lobster, or crawfish 52, 0 20,000 | 1,000 19, 000 900
Terrapin.....-. upeeeas 21, 000 3, 800 1, 800
cee ee 74, pee or 5, 100 100
ortoise shell... . A ce BOO 2. OO BOON HOO oe scieincs Sinssnaitie ddgiectenose | sigh stayasetarsteig ail Sieg each lomaradaiceder| Soetee al Geass Seses | Madness dete seSetlins aaemee
Sponges............--... 136, 000 109, 000 136, 000 | 109,000
CONGCHS verses aeceedennes. 15, 000 9.1000 Wecieccise ncn) psiceatecdas hocerasesnien (ba sme camn | eae emai ss | wercwinds velit Seemann ssaviiccisainsiog ceaccfs careers 15,000 | 31,000
ee Ward. ..ssnese cece 4238, 000 55,000) || ssassccrsisiars cers es ererecctareises acrorarisinis Sa ise teal | sa SeeRsnivie laciomariasl las sananaes| saremenienmiws vemeelenoe es 4 238,000 | 15,000
ysters, market, from
public areas... one F926 S50 ,000'|] | BPA NO00 I acerscesice allie vatzrtel sell arate ae aca heel avorce rates epee elle watt atone ie uns erates 56,850,000 | 274, 000
sters, market, from
Seivate areas. . i geagnh ds 6 141, 000 TOO: |g ise eet es Seti ne | epeteti iN aes re Nl aaa cot | aI Bs Siai geal Sea dnealavetal erananbiogie gel textcaeitare 6 141,000 | 12,000
Scallops. ...... 7 400 100 100
Hides, alligator. . 8 254, 000 48, 000 48,000
Skins, otter............. 95,700 21,000 }'.. 21,000
Oil ssperM seed wavs ea neces 10 28, 000 1,900 |\.. 1,900
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 7,029,000 pounds, valued at $295,000; sponge hooks and diving apparatus, 136,000 pounds, valued at
$109,000; firearms, 254,000 pounds, valued’ at $48,000; fish traps, 517,000 pounds, valued at $25,000; otter traps, 5,700 pounds, valued at $21,000; pound nets, 295,000 pounds,
valued at $18,000; spears, 115,000 pounds, valued at $5,900; dip nets, 92,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; shrimp nets, 8,000 pounds, valued at $400; fyke nets, 4,000 pounds,
valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 267,000 pounds, valued at $12,000.
2 Less than $100.
3 Includes pearls, valued at $300.
4 30,000 bushels.
5 979,000 bushels.
6 20,000 bushels.
7 50 gallons.
8 51,000 hides.
9 2,900 skins.
10 3,800 gallons.
110 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasBLe 5.—FLORIDA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
. * 2
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. All other apparatus.
Quantit "Quantity “Quantit Quantit;
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Po tal eyo seein tea cwariiaaneeeeece Re Get Rea See eee 10, 094, 000 $930, 000 320, 000 $18, 000 8, 561, 000 $452, 000 1, 214, 000 $460, 000
Fish:
AMBOPASH o:c5-cocctosicls sisleciscuiuikinds saslsinsanssiis aislgeneene 4,100
Angel-fish 1, 200
Barracuda 3, 800
Bluefishiss:s cesses ievaecese 15, 000
BONO ver wnwenegstebuxtgariesss HsrOetndera recwenes teas 2, 200
Crevallé....... piesa ol There ae ak Sia aS aie a 8 Sea peRaniy lacie ky 32,000
Drum (salt-water), or channel bass. . : 1,5 3
GrOUPCl vioedsccamedsdcueestouneee: é 1,005, 000
GLUES oa iseisicia doreiae SEO tisd aces esa Samae ei See RT ESTER 47,000 2200 | mrereestorn siera eens) eeytatteerns 47,000 D200. love Stak cerreieie alle Hotere
Porgy, or 16, 000
Porkfish z , 000
LoS) hl 0: ck] ene eat 2 40,000
Sheepshead 2,500
SUAP Pel, VOCs oven sanieannen canmadomcis es sOeRucene Mae 7,378, 000 418, 000
Spanish mackerel a 315, 000 19, 000
QMO WEALD: asic. sn tiz ia cistetcreisis ts ciscqindad : 3, 600 400
AUMOCD O22 acctens oro Raleerunions ot aeuierantounsens os avistehentendied eerrer 19, 000 900
1,100 100
89, 000 7,700
200 00
487,000 436, 000
31,200 100
4.477, 000 9,500
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Sponge hooks and diving apparatus, 487,000 pounds, valued at $436,000; seines, 246,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; dredges,
tongs, etc., 477,000 pelos valued at $9,500; spears and hooks, 3,500 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 1,600 pounds, valued at $100.
2 Less than $10! 3200 bushels. 468,000 bushels.
GEORGIA.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
: . Per-
The fishery products of Georgia in 1908 had a sons em- as
ployed, Tessels
value of $701,000. Oysters contributed nearly half THAR, Jexclusive rota. || 2%, | APR2t" || quantity
< . of shores- ‘otal. oats, tus 0 Value.
of the value of the entire product, while shad and men. including capture, (pounds). | * "76
. . outfit.
red snapper followed as other leading species. The
principal fishing grounds are the Savannah, the Al- 1908. ees enss- 2.215 || $223,000 | $169,000 | $55,000 || 14,828,000 | $701, 00
tamaha, and the Ogeechee Rivers, and the outlying ISO 1404 "7,000 "39,000 is;000 | '4'903;000 | 171000
ocean areas. Following is a general summary of the | “7-77 TeAZbe TL BANOO S400." 218, 009 if 2,084, 000) | 124,000
statistics: : : F :
Seale oe a The uniformity of development in the Georgia fish-
umber 0 CLSONS CMPlOVE 25s oo de cece cece cee 25 S g a :
Capital : se , eries since 1890 is well demonstrated by the following
Vessels and boats, including outfit................-. $169, 000 comparative statement of the quantities and values
Apparatus of capture........2.0.20-0..2eeeeeeeeeeees 55,000 | of the chief species at each of the periods for which
Shore and accessory property and cash...........--- 185,000 | statistics are at hand:
Value: of products: ove scseseeeessa dea eeeye ey neaseies 701, 000
Though this industry is relatively one of the minor FISHERY PRODUCTS.
industries of the state, it appears to be increasing in
importance YEAR. Oysters. Shad. Red snapper.
Comparison with previous canvasses—The census Quantity vatue. || Quantity | yaiue, || Quantity | yaine
report for 1880 stated that the sea fisheries of Georgia a gs daa
were at that time almost, wholly undeveloped, but the 10,214,000 | $839,000 |] 1,338.000 | $190,000 || 880,000 | $30, 000
following comparative summary shows that there has 3406000 | 87.000 || ~"yseo0 | aeteoo || ery
been a decided and progressive increase since then in PEPHOROOO AB 00: AOU NO"), 285000 0) @)
practically every item: 1 Not reported separately.
FISHERIES,
The increase in the catch has not been so rapid in
the case of shad as in that of some other varieties,
but there has been a marked increase in the price
since 1902. Red snappers were not mentioned in
the report for 1897, but they occupied the third place
in 1908.
Persons employed.—The statistics in regard to the
number of persons employed in the fisheries of Georgia
are given in the following tabular statement:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. | Salaries and wages.
CLASS.
8 Pro-
prietors| Sala- Ww
andin-| ried age Sala-
Total. depend-|_em- cat Total. Ties, |” ages.
ent fish-|ployees. ,
ermen.
Total..........| 2,525 1634 29 | 1,862 ||$338,000 ||$17,000 [$320,000
Vessel fisheries ratisteia ava 395 14 18 363 87,000 |} 14,000 | 73,000
Transporting vessels. C |lnewenae sleazy acid 1,400 |/.-...... 1, 400
Shore and boat fish-
OMS: ccveicn cons ese 1, 813 620 11 | 1,182 || 201,000 || 3.500 | 197,000
Shoresmen.......... 310 ecscag. bial destiehare 310 49,000 ||..-..... 49,000
1 Exclusive of 11 proprietors not fishing.
The seven persons employed on transporting ves-
sels were connected with vessel fishery interests,
while all the shoresmen were connected with the
shore and boat fisheries. The comparison therefore
shows a total of 2,123 persons for the shore and boat
fisheries and of 402 for the vessel fisheries. The
intermittent character of much of the employment is
manifest from the low average individual wage.
Equipment and other capital—tThe following table
presents statistics in regard to the capital invested in
the industry:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. |Number. Tonnage.
|
|
|
|
$408, 000
Vessels, including outfit..........-..-------.+++++
Fishing ieee cexasaie: Sister
Steam...-
BOGtG eos cescorte those ates'sie
Apparatus of capture Sans
Vessel fisheries............---20---2+e- 08 eee ee
Shore and boat fisheries...........-----++----
Shore and accessory property. -.
OBST 5.2. vescieresatsiainic ci sierandc Gas eihighb EPRI SEER PIRES
Of the total investment, $130,000 was credited to
vessel fisheries and $278,000 to shore and boat fisheries.
BY STATES.
The item showing the largest value is shore and acces-
sory property, which was valued at $185,000. Of this
amount, $37,000 belonged to vessel fishery interests
and $148,000 to those of shore and boat fisheries.
Craft of various kinds made up the next largest item,
the value exclusive of outfits being $163,000. To this
the value of vessels contributed $84,000 and that of
boats $79,000. The entire amount of cash capital
reported was from the shore and boat fisheries. That
none was reported by the vessel fisheries is due partly
to their close association with canneries whose accounts
carry the items of capital. Sailing vessels were more
important than steam vessels in number, tonnage, and
value, but the greater part of the investment in out-
fits pertained to steam craft. Steam and motor boats,
although less than one-fourth as numerous as sail-
boats, exceeded them in average value by more than
50 per cent. The bulk of the apparatus of capture
was used in shore and boat fisheries, the largest invest-
ment being in gill nets. Lines and dredges, tongs,
etc., were the only kinds of apparatus reported for the
vessel fisheries. The number of the various kinds of
apparatus in use in the shore and boat fisheries in 1908
was as follows:
111
COSTE techie ttt then ste e Ace eka ralanint readies wate ete 333
Wykeand, Noop Mets .2:5-)2jccred ae 2.x 2.455 Gescyystveuaiaeae S228 Spe 51
GTN Css ee ara OR Neen es 8 Yer kt A Ae hes 982
PounG! Tetsicces:icceacencceemsenh hence pe ecoenee eee es aie 12
DEINCaa eee HAAR. Oa SR OOU AER SEES 123
ID CAMS st axeicpa tess otal etaeciet ous aq shape eeshenclididenadadede 1 x. 5 oranda esas SAN Meinile'e aie 7
StOp NEtsi: 2s. 5 vedo aguas Say <eeahs peewee ses 6
Fraps, Catfish: .ccpcisoes. ci evascaageeyseeesssgaveeheeeees eee 150
PERO B OLCOR Speen Sis erent het hey ei eee a Baye Ce eeheieueiset a Dora 325
Products, by species —The quantity and value of the
products of the Georgia fisheries are given, by species
and by apparatus of capture, in the table on page
113. The value of the oyster product formed 48 per
cent of that of all products. Sbad and red snappers
ranked second and third, respectively, in value of
catch. All other species amounted to 2,401,000
pounds, valued at $142,000. Only three of these—
prawn, catfish, and sea bass—appear in quantities
exceeding 200,000 pounds, while terrapin was the
only one for which a value above $20,000 was reported.
The three leading species—oysters, shad, and red
snappers—have contributed the bulk of the increase
both in the quantity and in the value of fishery prod-
ucts since 1880, although their gain has been rela-
tively no greater than that of the less important
species.
Products, by class of fisheries—The following tabular
statement gives the product of vessel fisheries by
species. The fish were taken by lines, and the oyster
product (amounting to 4,509,000 pounds, valued at
$117,000) was taken by dredges, tongs, etc.
112
PRODUCTS OF VESSEL
FISHERIES: 1908.
SPECIES.
Quantity 7
(pounds). Value.
OCA sc\sa tent oraei tea swSaurntiias sd eee acicd ce cuigeeind 5,774,000 | $163,000
PR ISHS ae, acer cic Seer ae SOEs SIRE ADE ees Heat esl 1, 265, 000 46, 000
GIOUPER sais: sacseesenes sneruinesees Pee aieewnead Peeeeemias 160, 000 2,900
Red snapper. .. — ; 880, 000 30, 000
ESIc}: Wh oy: cs ee ee os ee eee 225, COO 13, 000
Oysters, market, from public areas..................- ---| 41,125, 000 37,000
Oysters, market, from private areas. ...............-2--22--- 2 3, 384, 000 81,000
1 161,000 bushels. 2 483,000 bushels.
If the items given in the foregoing tabular state-
ment be deducted from the table on page 113, the latter
may be used as a table of the shore and boat fisheries.
Groupers and red snappers were taken solely in the
vessel fisheries, and only sea bass and market oysters
appear in the catch of both vessel fisheries and shore
and boat fisheries. The distribution of the products
appearing in both the vessel and the shore and boat
fisheries is shown in the following tabular statement:
PRODUCTS COMMON TO
VESSEL FISHERIES
AND SHORE AND
BOAT FISHERIES:
SPECIES AND CLASS OF FISHERIES.. 1908.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
S08 DaSS ott eawiwiaundacnhinacaamaerduy Seeeeata Sad heresies 233, 000 $14, 000
Vessel fisheries... . 225, 000 13, 000
Shore and boat fish: 8,000 500
Oysters, market....... 10, 053, 000 334, 000
EPROM PUDUCArCAS s oo5.0 sai. < atnssind a cae enaseveied Hales 13, 484, 000 121, 000
Vessel HSHETICS «oo .e.s oe sicssiersivisiesd gtcige nse dogo 21,125, 000 37, 000
Shore and boat fisheries. . 3 2,359, 000 84, 000
From private areas........ 46, 569, 000 213, 000
VESSEL ASH CTIOS | 05s cic ekarcisas Sea eee A VION ---| § 3,384, 000 81, 000
.-| §3, 185, 000 133, 000
1 498,000 bushels.
2 161,000 bushels.
3 337,000 bushels.
4 938,000 bushels.
5 483,000 bushels.
6 455,000 bushels.
Practically all of the sea bass was taken by vessel
fisheries. The large factor in the catch of both classes
of fisheries was market oysters, of which the vessel
fisheries reported 644,000 bushels, valued at $117,000,
and the shore and boat fisheries 792,000 bushels,
valued at $217,000.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—As oysters repre-
sented the greater part of the weight and value of the
Georgia fishery product, dredges, tongs, etc., were the
leading forms of apparatus of capture. Except for
hard clams, valued at $9,000, the entire product taken
with dredges, tongs, etc., consisted of oysters. All the
clams reported were taken by the shore and boat
fisheries. _
On the basis of weight of catch, lines were next in
importance, with a catch of 1,810,000 pounds, valued
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
at. $74,000, followed by gill nets, with a catch of
1,721,000 pounds, valued at $213,000. On the basis
of value of catch, the order is reversed. The total
product of Georgia fisheries, exclusive of the catch by
dredges and tongs, was 4,571,000 pounds, having a
value of $353,000. Of this quantity, lines and gill nets
took 3,532,000 pounds, valued at $287,000, and all
the remaining varieties of apparatus 1,040,000 pounds,
valued: at $66,000. Among the products caught by
lines the red snapper held first rank, with a weight of
880,000 pounds and a value of $30,000. Sea bass and
groupers also stood high in the list. The gill-net
capture, all by shore and boat fisheries, was chiefly
shad. The principal catch with seines consisted of
prawn, on the basis of quantity, and terrapin, on the
basis of value.
Oysters.—Oysters were of greater relative impor-
tance in 1902 than in either 1890 or 1897, as will be
seen by reference to the tabular statement on page
110. Between 1902 and 1908 the oyster industry
made large gains, but the increase for that period was
not so great as that for the previous five years. The
rapid development made during the latter period and
the few years preceding was largely the result of the .
market created by new canneries. Such was the
growth that the Commissioner of Fisheries stated in
his report for 1902, in regard to Georgia, that there
was very little doubt that in years to come private
oyster culture would have to be resorted to on a large
scale in this state if the oyster supply were to be main-
tained.t. Private oyster culture had been well started
at that time, but no statistics of its extent were pre-
sented. The growth of this enterprise is indicated by
the table on page 113, which shows that in 1908 the
product from the private areas was much larger than
that from public areas, amounting to a total of
952,000 bushels, as compared with only 507,000
bushels from the public areas. Except for the results
of private culture, the oyster industry apparently
would have shown a loss instead of a gain since 1902,
as the product from public aréas decreased from
1,224,000 bushels in 1902 to 507,000 bushels in 1908.
In considering these figures, however, allowance must
be made for the fact that while no returns were made
for private areas separately in 1902, a considerable
product therefrom appears in the totals for that year.
In each class of fisheries in 1908 oysters from private
areas exceeded those from public areas both in quan-
tity and in value.
1 Statistics of the Fisheries of the South Atlantic States, 1902,
p. 387.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
113
GEORGIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Pound and trap nets. | All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Totalia<sswiionseaees sfaieieraiais 14, 828, 000 | $701,000 |] 1,721,000 | $213,000] 1,810,000 | $74,000 549,000 | $38,000 277,060 | $14,000 | 10,472,000 | $362,000
Fish:
Alewives.... 32, 000
Black bass... 6,000
Carp, German 38,
Catfish... ... 280, 000
Croaker. 46, 000
151, 000
, 000
7, 200
160, 000
)
194, 000
, 000
2337 000
1, 333, 000
Sheepshead. 64, 000
Snapper, red 880, 000
eae ee 140, 000
Striped bass 8,900
Sturgeon....... 100, 000
Suckers... 3, 000
Sunfish. .. 7,100
Whiting 98, 000
Crabs, hard 196, 000
pee and prawn . ne ee 425, 000
‘errapin.......... E
Turtles s..cccasicarcsncrsies scsioees 1, 500
Clans, atl)... n.0sccussaweecxnies 3 43,000 9, A0OH ecinms veeowes [eames ienalles weeds seiemareg ay +| bears ty seat veReme caus acme eekly ceeeeces + 343,000 9,400
Oysters, market, from public
ous ceazes his nane oeccts $:32484;000: |),.1215,000! | nosaschane [aos teea|peeeouecaess | sesiccbine saab Sa stece| pacaeemeeis epeeneednsel oseeeecees 43,484, 000 121,000
ysters, market, from private
areas......... nape Geeta 5 6,569,000 | 213,000 66,569,000 | 213,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas. 6 63, 000 1,800 6 63,000 , 800
Oysters, seed, from private areas. 798, 000 2,800 7 98, 000 2, 800
Skins, otter..........2.....0-06- 8 700 3, 600 8 700 3, 600
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, ete., 10,257,000 pounds, valued at $348,000; cast nets, 187,000 pounds, valued at $7,900; otter traps, 700 pounds,
valued at $3,600; stop nets, 11,000 pounds, valued at $1,500; catfish traps, 5,000 pounds, valued at $500; fyke and hoop nets, 9,009 pounds, valued at $400; and spears, 2,200
pounds, valued at $100.
2 Less than $100.
.3 5,400 bushels.
4 498,000 bushels.
5 938,000 bushels.
69,000 bushels.
ILLINOIS.
In fishery products Illinois ranked fifteenth among
the states in 1908. The catch of this state included a
great variety of species, but the German carp repre-
sented considerably more than one-third and the prod-
ucts of the mussel fisheries almost one-fourth of the
total, measured by value of products. The fishing
grounds of the state are the Mississippi and Ohio Riv-
ers with their tributaries, and Lake Michigan.
The following statement is a general summary of the
statistics for 1908:
Number of persons employed......-.------------++++--- 4, 439
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit.......-.---..---- $281, 000
Apparatus of capture.......----------+2+2+e+e2e-- 272, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.........----- 295, 000
Value of products........----.---+++2+02-5 2022 cer reee 1, 436, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—During the
five years preceding 1908 a great impetus was given
the fisheries of Illinois. The increase in the catch of
German carp and in the quantity of mussel products
obtained was marked. Many other species showed
76786°—11—8
714,000 bushels.
8 400 skins.
heavy increases and a few species were reported for
the first time at the census of 1908. The increase was
general throughout all the fisheries of the state.
The main statistics for 1908 and for 1899, as reported
by the Bureau of Fisheries, are as follows:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
loved
ployed,
YEAR. exclu- Yes Appars: :
sive Dh Total. boats, tus of eeu Value.
qen including} capture. Pi ¥:
outfit.
1908. 2.se052225 4,359 || $553,000 || $281,000 | $272,000 || 74,620,000 | $1,436,000
1899. aioe ence 2,341 || 188,000 69,000 | 119,000 || 29,668,000 616,000
Persons employed.—The following table gives the
statistics of the persons employed in the fisheries of
Illinois, by district, class of fisheries, and condition of
employment. The districts into which the fisheries
are grouped are those of the Mississippi River and its
tributaries, the Ohio River and its tributaries, and
Lake Michigan. The district first mentioned includes
the Illinois River, which furnished 60 per cent of the
total products for the state.
114
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS. Pro-
prietors
andin-| “fea | Wage- Sala-
Total. ||depend-) 47, | earn- || Total. Te Wages.
ent | ers. S
fisher. |Ployees.
men
Total secs caxvsesk 4,439 || 13,060 15 | 1,364 ||/$344,000 ||$9,000 |2 $335,000
Vessel fish-
eries.....-. 61 13 6 42 19,000 |) 4,200 15, 000
T ransport-
ing vessels. 7 Ds | eisjeiecniers 5 1,100 |]..-.... 1,100
Shore and
boat fish-
eries.......| 4,291 || 3,045 9 | 1,237 || 293,000 |} 4,800 | 288,000
Shoresmen. - 80) ects scecelesrereees 80 30,000 |}..-..-- 30, 000
Mississippi River dis-
UWlCbecsszexe us seewcex 3,811 || 2,551 15 | 1,245 |} 319,000 |} 9,000 | 310,000
Vessel fisheries. . .. 20 6 6 8 8,700 || 4,200 4,500
Transporting ves-
SONS cavsischisinussccies 6 Nes tei vis 5 1,100 |j..-.... 1,100
Shore and _ boat
fisheries... .... 3,716 2,544 9 | 1,163 || 284,000 |} 4,800 | 279,000
Shoresmen . 69 6 26,000 |}..-..-. 26,000
Ohio River district... . 56 3, 400 8, 400
Transporting ves-
SONS sc saree 1 1
Shore and
fisheries... .....- 475
Lake Michigan district. 152 BOF hes esses 63 21,000 |j.....-. 21,000
Vessel fisheries. . . . 41 Te bsteages 34 11,000 j]....-.. 11,000
Shore and boat
fisheries.....-... 100 82} acetate 18 5,600 |].....-. 5, 600
Shoresmen........ | emcemcalceecate 1L 4,400 ||. .----. 4,400
1 Exclusive of 24 proprietors not fishing.
* Includes provisions furnished to the value of $16,000.
The fisheries of the Illinois River gave employment
in the aggregate to 2,497 persons, or more than one-
half of the total number for the state. Of these, 1,504
were proprietors and independent fishermen, 6 were
salaried employees, and 987 were wage-earners.
Equipment and other capital—The distribution
among the three districts of the value of equipment
and other capital employed in the Illinois fisheries is
shown in the following table:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. Missis- das Lake
Total. SIPP} River Michi-
Raver | aistrict. Rey
district. * | district.
TOtal sence ten meeesmeeh ak Sees 2849, 000 || $747,000 | $19,000 $83,000
Vessels, including outfit.......-....-.-.-. | 47,000 21,000 1,200 25, 000
Fishing (steam and motor).......... 43,000 18,000 |..-.------ 25,000
MeSSel8i saci caine siesals unease 33,000 10,000 |.......... 23,000
OU ities seccaisaznecneaterwes sac | 9,800 7, B00 is2seeec nes 2, 400
"DANS POTTING aco. - certs /amactapretawisienecte 4,600 , 300 D200) |enascios Sas
Steam and motor............... 3, 400 2,600 BOO! |incecxaad ne:
Wessels we eras ss ceteasnsraxere 2,900 2,100 800) ree cccexes
OUUGT secs): Secscekenn tes 500 900: |e snuriterel cae ee
CN Bc ore ha cate ot yo acictileGs 1, 200 700 ADO) VsireierieaG ors,
Boats: scratiiesass coc araceseewntaatas see 234,000 |} 221,000 5,500 7,500
155,000 || 148,000 1, 400 5, 100
BOO |\ovcnecscac]osseesmaue 400
69, 000 64, 000 4,100 1,000
10, 000 9,100: [os wees ee 1,000
Apparatus of capture...........-.------ 272,000 239, 000 8, 900 24,000
Vessel fisheries..............-------- 23,000 DEO . [seid sees 18,000
Shore and boat fisheries........-...- 249,000 234, 000 8, 900 6,700
Shore and accessory property........--- 153,000 || 130,000 3, 400 19, 000
Cas Dis jsrraicisisicars soyawterpalcineaix sisinjancets cee =o 142,000 || 135,000 |.......... 7,000
The number and tonnage of the vessels and the
number of boats reported for 1908 and the distribu-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
tion by districts is given in the following tabular state-
ment:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Missis- Ohio Lake
Total. Beer River | Michi-
Iver | district. | 4,82
district. * | district.
Vessels:
Fishing—
NUMber «..2:2:502 cece cece scree 12 By heute sieiatucciets 7
TONS C203 ssceccesiee ence sees 127 29) Jswasscetee. 98
Transporting—
MME sincrsici choc Oacemosercassee 3 2 Ls etetec a sicieig
Tonnage. 23 18 iD: | aisiscavetsssicece
Other, number. sl | ce eee
Boats, number..... 4,222 3,678 472 72
Steam and motor. 624 12 8
Sallie nedeinees Be. [le grees eecpacsielfarenroizratass 8
Row. 3,374 2, 860 460 54
Otheriseswcdsn oes eecccoematiencecintess 21 1 ees 2
The value of apparatus of capture, of floating equip-
ment, and that of shore and accessory property, com-
bined with cash, each represents about a third of the
total investment. Of the investment in shore and
accessory property, $126,000 pertained to shore and
boat fisheries and $26,000 to vessel fisheries and trans-
porting vessels. Of the cash capital, $115,000 was
reported by the shore and boat fisheries and $27,000
by the vessel fisheries. The total investment of the
shore and boat fisheries was $725,000, and that of
vessel fisheries and transporting vessels was $124,000.
Of the investment in floating equipment exclusive of
outfits, $190,000, or over 70 per cent, represents steam
and motor boats.
The Illimois River fisheries employed $551,000, or
nearly two-thirds of the total capital for the state.
The number and distribution of the various kinds of
apparatus of capture, as reported for 1908, were as
follows: ;
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
cae ce een Distributed by class
Distributed by districts. of fisheries.
KIND.
Total soi
“|| Missis- A Lake
sippl Hiver Michi- goo Fs Theat
iver ray ie an sheries. ;
district. | Ustrict. | gigtrict. fisheries.
Dip nets........---.- GP |[aecsacc teas Godeneeee OF |lesiionicacicts 67
Fish baskets and
MEADS roveccnart aces 152 VIG) ess erate siniae al zip tities || satukeraycheta 152
Fyke nets -| 29,510 28, 536 OTA Gin eeeeaase 29,070
Gill nets... 4,135 UO Nhe aah es ie 4,125 3,340 795
Pound nets 4 ||easwq pees | vem’ of Cla | erreeeee 4
Seines....... ae 361 341 6 14 11 350
Trammel nets.....-.- 615 612 1 2 6 609
Traps, mink and
muskrat........... 8, 865 95865), lcoceesedalaneseesce.s|temesactece 8, 865
Products, by species.—The quantity and value of the
fishery products of the state are given, by species and
by apparatus of capture, in Table 1, on page 117.
The carp and mussel fisheries ranked far above all
of the others in value and together contributed 65
per cent of the total value of the fishing product for
the state.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Tables 2, 3, and 4,
on pages 118 and 119 show the products, by species and
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
apparatus of capture, for the Mississippi River, the Ohio
River, and the Lake Michigan districts, respectively.
The following table shows the distribution of the
value of the chief products for the fishery districts of
the state:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Mississippi Ohio Lake
Total. River River | Michigan
district. | district. | district.«
MOtal sssrtncrsan were in soot $1, 436,000 |] $1,242,000 | $136,000 | $58,000
PRY yA ststiess cecawenrnwesoreeaceus 1,032, 000 952, 000 22,000 58, 000
Carp, German.................. 574, 000 566, 000 , 500 2,600
Buffalo fish............ 117,000 113,000 3,800 100
Catfish and bullheads 96, 000 0, 7800. | sssisicis- sions,
Black bass........... 57,000 57,000 100 1
Crappie. ........... 35, 000 34, 000 100 {3
Su it cian recta 31, 000 31, 000 100: [yee ct cance
Lake herring, or cisco.......... ZB} OOO | Fis cesvaversss dence pene arenes 28, 000
Drum, or sheepshead.......... 0, 000 16, 000 3,900 100
DOO a areca aninnedinn vekaameee 18,000 F000! |x ee ccewieas 200
Lake trout. . NOOO: |lisicrerass ak oe el cpeicracswiercel 13, 000
Perch, yellow.................. WZ 0002 || aericicpescse aie criss aciate aoaeee 12, 000
Padlefish -......05: 0.0003 caaccnwe cn 12,000 11,000 000: |atmtacminss
All other 21,000 17,000 1,600 2,000
Mussel shells. ...... 184, 000 142, 000 BD 000: lowiosdeccie
Pearls and slugs. ....... 170, 000 98, 000 123, 000 scasiae sa.civ
Skins, muskrat and min ayes 20,000 20,0008 | = sispeseneccicia's bexescnceceamie
Terrapin and turtles............2... 21,000 BL O00! |: ncarevene eremn ee
RTOS ies ics coisa aaieaiguvcelone ba 6, 800 6 800i oe cia he cannes
1 Less than $100.
The most important tributary of the Mississippi
River is the Illinois River. In 1894 the fishery
product of the Illinois River was about 3,000 tons,
valued at $162,000, and formed about one-half of
the yield of the Mississippi River district. In 1899
it formed about two-thirds, amounting to 7,000 tons,
valued at $382,000, and in 1908 it formed more than
seven-tenths, amounting to 23,000 tons, valued at
$860,000. The chief product of the Illinois River is
German carp. The carp from this river in 1908
formed nearly three-fourths of the carp product for
the state, and was valued at $412,000, which is nearly
as large as the combined value of all the other fishery
products of this river.
The mussel products of the Illinois River were
valued at $139,000, or nearly 58 per cent of the value
of the mussel products of the Mississippi River dis-
trict, and nearly 40 per cent of the value of the mussel
products of the state.
The fisheries of the Ohio River district have
increased to a considerable extent, as is shown by the
following comparative statement:
FISHERY PRODUCTS OF
THE OHIO RIVER
DISTRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity 7
(pounds). Value.
hes Neaaittig hese a ore 7,424, 000 $136, 000
re ee 380,000 | 20°00
ABOES Son cera nati ds dosiareemmatemece wk a Cg NRE RAA AE IS “940,000 | 30,000
Prior to 1908 no mussel product entered into the
total for this district. The extent of such products
115
in 1908 accounts almost entirely for the large gains
shown for that year, as compared with the earlier
years. Carp, moreover, which in 1908 contributed
one-fourth of the value of the fish product, formed
only a small part of the product at each of the pre-
vious canvasses. In 1899 and in 1894 drum, buffalo
fish, and catfish were leading species.
The increase in the products of the lake fisheries
since the last canvass has been relatively large, as is
shown in the following tabular statement:
FISHERY PRODUCTS OF
LAKE MICHIGAN DIS-
TRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity |
(pounds). Value.
1908 eles tye chattels tie, d Sendte oe sass LGeae a SB aA Senna 1,176,000 | 358, 000
TOO Bias cpacesl SEs cate nel rahpo ares SV AOORA esau eee keh tava 598,000 | 24, 000
Bait dledig huh nie Dae oache Sees see Beans pH Hua Sonn 822, 000 24, 000
Products, by class of fisheries.—The distribution of
the product between the vessel fisheries and the shore
and boat fisheries by districts is shown in the following
tabular statement:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
| Quantity. | Value.
DISTRICT AND CLASS OF FISHERIES. |
Per cent « | Per cent
Pounds. distri- Amount. distri-
bution. bution.
TOTO ic sisecieiisiers celsateeieniguastee o4 74,620,000 100 || $1, 436,000 100
Vessel fisherieSis.cciia. vecncecacesce ee 2,983,000 4 89,000 6
Mississippi River district ....... 2,484, 000 3 || 61, 000 4
Lake Michigan district......... 500, 000 1 28,000 2
Shore and boat fisheries............ 71, 636, 000 96 1,347,000 94
Mississippi River district....... 63, 536, 000 85 1,181,000 82
Ohio River district............. 7, 424,000 10 136, 000 9
Lake Michigan district......... 677, 000 1 30, C00 2
The catch of the shore and boat fisheries comprised
all but a small portion of the entire state product.
The products, by species and apparatus of capture,
are given for the vessel fisheries in Table 5, on page
119, and for the shore and boat fisheries in Table 6, on
page 120. The former table also distributes the prod-
ucts between the two districts which had vessel fish-
eries—the Mississippi River and the Lake Michigan
districts.
By deducting the products of the vessel fisheries of
the Mississippi River and Lake Michigan districts, as
given in Table 5, on page 119, from the corresponding
items for all fishery products of those districts, as
given in Tables 2 and 4, respectively, on pages 118
and 119, the specific products of the shore and
boat fisheries of each of these districts can be ascer-
tained. Allof the products of the Ohio River district,
presented in Table 3, belong to the shore and boat
fisheries.
116
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The distribution
by apparatus of capture of the products of chief value
for the respective districts is given in the following
tabular statement: +
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Mississippi| Ohio Lake
Total. River River | Michigan
district. | district. | district.
DOtallang soteceosgsieetee tas $1,436,000 |) $1,242,000 | $136, 000 358, 000
Gene sions weja cassis sdemesieienre 460,000 455,000 | © 2,000 2,800
Crowfoot dredges, etc........ 355, 000 241,000 | 114,000 |..........
Vike Nets seco ccwcsoscemeacs 330, 000 319,000 12,000 }o a. eee
Trammel nets...--. 151,000 151, 000 400 (4)
FANGS ceexeworsnwoceseeese 56,000 48,000 7,900 900
Gill nets. < 2. sc2s6 seve aces 51,000 200 Jevecc sess 51,000
IP TADS wie sted g veoh sete 20,000 90;000 |:ecncsis2c|exsnaseaces
All OHO? ciec5/2 0s vedere taatcarnens 12,000 91000. || ceseeee 3,000
1 Less than $100.
Crowfoot dredges, which are employed in the mus-
sel fisheries, had the largest yield in weight and the
second in value, while seines had the largest in value
and the second in weight. Fyke nets were third in
both weight and value of catch. Products valued at
about 80 per cent of the total value of fishery prod-
ucts were taken by these three classes of apparatus.
Gill-net fishing is practically confined to Lake Michi-
gan, where nearly nine-tenths of the product for 1908
was taken in nets of this class.
German carp.—The value of the catch of German
carp, $574,000, formed 40 per cent of the value of the
entire fishery product of the state, and was consider-
ably more than the combined value of all of the other
food fishes. The carp taken weighed 11,000 short
tons, or more than one and one-half times the weight
of all other food fishes taken in the state. A carp
product was reported by every district, but much the
largest amount was taken in the Mississippi River
district. Of the total for that district, 7,700 tons,
valued at $412,000, were taken in the Illinois River.
Approximately three-fourths of the carp reported
at previous canvasses as caught in the Mississippi
River district came from the Illinois River. One-half
or more of the growth in the fishery product of the
state can be credited to the growth in the catch of
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The German carp was introduced into the Illinois
River as late as 1880. At first it was despised, and
when a fish of this species was caught inadvertently
it was generally thrown back into the river. These
early years of unmolested opportunity, given to a fish
of such fecundity and hardihood, produced large re-
sults later. Much hostility was manifested toward the
carp by sportsmen, and no demand for it as a food
was apparent for some years after its introduction.
But the Illinois commission began a vigorous defense
of the carp and conducted what was almost a campaign
of education, instructing sportsmen in the habits of
the carp and fish dealers in its food value. Recipes for
_ preparing the flesh for table use and for making jellies
and other delicacies were published, testimony as to
the epicurean qualities of these preparations was col-
lected and printed, menus containing carp served in .
various ways at famous hostelries were lithographed
and distributed, and statistics of the production and
consumption of the fish in other countries were made
known. In a relatively short time fishermen turned
their attention to the carp, and as early as 1899 the
weight of the carp taken was nearly equal to that of
all other food fishes combined.
Carp are taken with a great variety of apparatus,
although one-half of the catch was with seines. Con-
trary to the general impression, lines are efficacious in
their capture, and of the commercial product, carp to
the value of $17,000 were so taken.
Mussels——The mussel fisheries had a product sec-
ond in value to that of carp. The value of the shells,
pearls, and slugs obtained in the state amounted to
$355,000, or 25 per cent of the value of all products.
Of this amount, $114,000 is credited to the fisheries of
the Ohio River district and $241,000 to those of the
Mississippi River district. The value of the products
of the Illinois River, amounting to $139,000, formed
the larger portion of the value reported for the Mis-
sissippi River district. The increase in the yield of
mussels was even more rapid than that in the catch of
carp. The product in 1894, 1899, and 1908 was as
follows:
carp. In 1894 buffalo, catfish, and fresh-water drum
had a heavier and more valuable yield than carp, but pasieasea cans
in 1899 carp led for the first time. ren Pines
Leora
tons).
GERMAN-CARP Pearls and
PRODUCT. Shells. "aes.
YEAR.
Quantity 1908 sac sedicfortsteisiancsaadeat nated aemsmnatinnosa 20, 000 $184, 000 170, 000
(pounds). Value. ROD sso: ties che AeA ce 3 Seed Seles ve ie BycimnaPaearsRelee Resi 2,500 43,000 ee pepoestes
ABO, Ge neealice de ee not ae noeceenssa saree 24 700" [ecsscvenahes
|
21,642,000 | $574, 000
7,650, 000 176,000 :
9,896,000 | 244,000 Buffalo fish—The buffalo fish, which led before carp
attained first place, ranked second in value among the
FISHERIES,
food fishes in 1908, and its value formed 8 per cent of
the total value of products. Buffalo fish are taken in
all districts, but 90 per cent of the catch in 1908 was
from the Mississippi River district. The yield of buf-
falo fish decreased in quantity, but a recovery in prices
arrested the decrease in the value of the catch. Buffalo
fish are taken principally with seines and fyke nets.
The product for 1894, 1899, and 1908 is shown below:
BY STATES. 117
CATFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR. io
nae "| Value.
N90B Y coteied Hest emit enamine Mee Seles Su aneraoenaseeeace 2,044, 000 296, 000
1,570,000 69,000
1, 962, 000- 82,000
Black bass.—Black bass is a valuable food fish that
is taken chiefly in the Mississippi River district.
HEED Se Nearly one-half of the catch is by seines. That there
YEAR. . has been a notable increase in the quantity caught is
Quantity | yy shown by the following tabular statement:
(pounds). ames
3,042,000 | $117,000 BLACK-BASS PRODUCT.
4,051, 000 di
5,817, 000 146, 000 Q ee
uanti
(pounds). Value.
Catfish.—Catfish was fourth in importance, and the
: o e 532, 000 $57,000
product fer 1908 and prior years is shown in the next 126,000 | 11,000
column. ; ¢
TasLe 1.—ILLINOIS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY— Seppe col
TOTAL.
spaGinS? Seines. Fyke nets. Trammel nets. Lines. Gill nets. a oles aba
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
~
Total. 22 2202 s02ces 74,620,000 |$1, 436,000 ||15, 945,000 |$460, 000 |11,370,000 |$330,000 | 5,100,000 {$151,000 |1, 242,000 |$56,000 | 962,000 |$51, 000 |40,001, 000 |$387, 000
Fish:
Black bass.........-- 532, 000 57,000 220,000 | 25,090 100, 000 9, 900 114,000 | 11,000 98,000 | 11,000 300 (2) 200 (2)
Buffalo fish........-.] 3,042,000 117,069 || 1,227,000 | 49,000 | 1,153,000 | 44,000 598,000 | 22,000 62,000 | 2,400 1,800 100 800 (2)
oo A eonman ene 21,642,000 574,000 |/10, 957,000 | 291,000 | 6,891,000 | 185,000 | 3,175,000 | 81,000 | 604,000 | 17,000 2,200 100 13,000 400
atfish an all
NOCAMS oo. css:e% srs 2,044, 000 96, 000 811,000 | 34,000 625,000 | 29,000 319,000 | 15,000 | 283,000 | 17,000 500 (2 5, 400 200
Crappie.............. 1, 281, 000 35, 000 575,000 | 16,000 515,000 | 18,060 174, 000 5, 000 16,000 70 200 (c 400 (2)
DOBfSRi cea csiee sree 1,370, 000 18, 000 702, 000 9,100 485, 000 6,000 162, 000 2,200 20,000 300 400 (2) 500 (2)
Drum (fresh-water),
or sheepshead..... . 666, 000 20,000 167,000 4,700 312,000 9, 700 106, 000 2,800 76,000 | 2,800 1,800 100 2,700 100
FECIS renschs: srecsideans.t enacts 31,000 1,800 7,200 400 12,000 60 6,500 300 5, 400 DOO! Neva veleteceaassler bie else caters 100 (2)
Lake herring, orcisco. 598, 000 AB HO0O | Verateis nsec ccranrdl Reaaties s Sl|aees saeats| eeaerte~es () (?) 300 (2) 573,090 | 27,000 24,000 800
Lake trout.......... 150, 000 T3000) ore cere erences) ademas eines seen tem | aie eeiensers|l rerewimsecic'ene| salen cme 100 (2) 148,000 } 12,000 2,300 200
Ling, or eelpout . ..-. 27,000 600! I sevesxeecmel secee cane |peeeeeaeaa|ueeseneds Aten scmomsclessgeneee 500 (2) 26,000 500 1,000 Q)
Paddlefish........... 402, 000 12,000 289, 000 8, 700 84,000 2,300 30, 000 1,100 400 Ayre Wate ee eet Mace Le cel ace eS
Perch, yellow......-.. 238, 000 T2SO008 We acs ersten | ere elles ceed eet ears ave 200 2) 21,000 900 | 193,000 } 10,000 25,000 1, 400
Pike and pickerel.... 14, 000 1,100 5,000 300 2,300 200 2,600 200 3, 400 300 4 (2) 201 2)
Pike perch (wall-
eyed pike)......... 14, 000 1, 500 1,700 100 900 100 400 (2) 11,000 | 1,300 (3) (2) eeresteca riche neither
Rock bass.........-- 6, 200 800 400 2) 990 100 600 (2) 4, 200 600 100 ONS Ma erasers eeetieeces eeperecesiacs
Sturgeon and caviar ¥
and sturgeon eggs. 180, 000 7,300 45, 000 1,600 30, 000 800 79,000 3,800 26,000 | 1,100
Suckers. ....j-s2ce-s5% 281,000 6, 400 72,000 1,300 128, 000 3,000 74, 000 1,800 1, 400 2)
Sunfish, or bream....} 1,714,000 31, 000 696,000 | 13,000 767,000 | 13,000 241,000 4,600 9, 500 300
White bass.......-.. 6,900 300 2,500 100 1, 200 101 , 800 (2) 200 (2)
Whitefish 2 13,000 800 |e cesceseies [ately vem | peemene cose ages yealltawene ene Eases ees |Site vtec eatin
All other. ...cci02:ccce 2,900 LOO: || |. dseccpnmeixs| cee neal teeta Rees asset te Ao Be ess Soto lnisimemcmiaciatiednanteid
Frogs........-.. gee 25, 000 6; S00 saemacesece| seine cera] sy Secican tein igh aaiers # of rlareecioeeeesies slroemiaaand [aoe coho [oan aceadeae
Terrapins sccewes.ts4e2es0% 205, 000 13, 000 79, 000 3,000 123,000 | 10,000 3, 800 AOD: hat assetce
Turtles....... aa 306, 000 8, 100 2, 400 141,000 66,000 1,700
Mussel shells... 39, 809, 000 BO) Oc rd 39, 809,000 | 184,000
Pearls atid SIGS 22.40. +2edea nos ov nope VIO, O00 [feos sscincnufanoncas rs |eass er teeaanlacetnewe spew siceene | mmawman bekewwn wes foawmeews lyawwes oye lees eats yameneda £2 ¢ 170, 000
Skins, mink.... saree? 5 1,900 6,000 51,900 6,000
Skins, muskrat......-..- 617,000 14,000 ||. --.-------]---- +++ e peer eee eee 617,000 | 14,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 39,309,000 pounds, valued at $55,000; traps, 19,000 pounds, valued at $20,000; dip nets, 35,000 pounds,
valued at $1,800; spears, 63,000 pounds, valued at $1,800; pound nets, 32,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; fish baskets and traps, 13,000 pounds, valued at $400; firearms, 600
pounds, valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 24,000 pounds, valued at $6,700.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4 Includes 1,300 pounds of caviar and sturgeon eggs, valued at $800.
5 3,800 skins.
6 50,000 skins.
118 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 2.—ILLINOIS—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. -
+ Fi ‘ All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. Fyke nets. Trammel nets. Lines. Gill nets. ratus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantity |.
(pounds). | Value. || ounds).| Value. | Sounds). | Value. (poun dst. Value. fooundas. Value. | oundsy.| Value. | Sounds). | Value.
Total ccesee xt eet 66, 020,000 |$1, 242,000 |/15, 766, 000 /$455,000 |11, 088,000 {$319,000 | 5,088,000 |$151, 000 | 1,059,000 |$48, 000 7,000 $200 |33, 012,000 {$270,000
Fish:
Black bass...-....-- 532, 000 57, 000 220,000 | 25,000 100, 000 9, 800 114,000 | 11,000 98,000 | 11,000 300 (2) 200 8
Buffalo fish. . .| 2,949, 000 113,000 |} 1,214,000 | 48,000 | 1,094,000 } 41,000 590,000 | 21,000 49,000 | 1,900 1,800 100 300 2)
co GSE gad 21,390, 000 566,000 ||10,830,000 | 288,000 | 6,804,000 | 181,000 | 3,175,000 | 81,000 571,000 | 15,000 2,000 (2) 8,000 300
atfish an ull- .
heads... 5.052% 1, 943, 000 90, 000 805,000 | 34,000 601,000 | 28,000 319,000 | 15,000 212,000 | 13,000 500 (?) 5,400 200
Crappie............ 1,279, 000 34, 000 575,000 | 16,000 514,000 | 13,000 174, 000 5,000 16,000 700 200 9 400 (2)
Dogfish............. 1, 359, 000 17,000 692,000 | 9,000] 485,000) 6,000] 162,000] 2,200 20,000 300 400 2) 500 | (2)
Drum (fresh-water),
or sheepshead. ...- 569, 000 16, 000 156, 000 4,300 259, 000 7,400 106, 000 2,800 48,000 | 1,600 500 (2) 300 (?)
HelSe ses secesess x 30,000 1,800 7, 200 400 12,000 600 6, 500 300 5,300 BOD | sscsercsetsioncys| SERRE eee ees Nate ies
Paddlefish......... 374,000 11,000 283, 000 8,600 62,000 1,800 30, 000 1,100 400
Pike and pickerel. .. 13, 000 1,100 5,000 300 2,300 200 2,600 200 3, 400
Pike perch (wall-
eyed pike)... : 12,000 1,400 1,700 100 300 (?) 400 (*) 9,900
Rock bass... 4, 800 700 300 (2) 100 (2) 200 () 4,200
Sturgeon and caviar
and sturgeon eggs 3 161,000 25, 000
Suckers 240, 000 F
766,000
1,2
pin................| 205,000} 13,000 |)" 79,000 |" 3,000] 123,000
141, 000
Stic 32,887,000: | F42000 || oicrsccasecsie steele cette a tiersarsraisie oe
Pearls and slugs. dlistiizecsesaee| 98/000. |fsacccmsisaes|esermenkc|snexknessss
Skins, mink............ 415900 IG HO00. scene aia apaall wove, seectnial lamemtmeeeeecicss
Skins, muskrat......... G175,000'), T4000) || -sisisccmsissersis eracnetes ete! sie aretenes-ates a
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 32,887,000 pounds, valued at $241,000; traps, 19,000 pounds, valued at $20,000; spears, 67,000 pounds,
valued at $1,800; fish baskets or traps, 13,000 pounds, valued at $400; firearms, 600 pounds, valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 24,000 pounds, valued at $6,700.
2 Less than $100. 44,000 skins.
3 Includes 1,300 pounds of caviar and sturgeon eggs, valued at $800. 5 50,200 skins.
TasLeE 3,—ILLINOIS—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF OHIO RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
epRGing: Seines. Fyke nets. Trammel nets. Lines. Crowfoot dredges, etc.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity.
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
PO tahircss;ctiesdaicleweisistainersteta 7, 424,000 | $136,000 47,000 $2, 000 282,000 | $12,000 11, 000 $400 162, 000 $7,900 | 6,922,000 | $114,000
Fish:
Black bass-esesscecns08% oeee 600 100! | | iwmcieccsaigal sediaeetes 600 100
Buffalo fish. . si 91, 000 3,800 10,090 400 59, 000 2,500
Carp, German...... 132, 000 5, 500 12,000 500 86, 000 3, 600
Catfish and bullheads. a 100, 000 6,300 6, 000 400 24, 000 1,600
Crappie..............2-2620- 1, 600 100 500 (1) 1,100 100
Drum (fresh-water), or
sheepshead ...........-... 93, 000 3,900 10,000 400 53, 000 2, 200
Eels......... sensi 100 LS Ul iy steve Sere areranell ere atsleaneecidts |lneldnd tercierae | wae ee oe
Paddlefish.. .
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike). 2/000 | LOO Weawas seveaiex sere e esis
RoCk Das9ice 520. seen eceed
Sturgeon. . Siatiee
Suckers ...
Sunfish. ...
Mussel shells. .
Pearls and slugs.
1 Less than $100.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 4.—ILLINOIS—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
119
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Gill nets. Dip nets. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TObel io. cvicica.cececaoamcaasees 1, 176, 000 $58, 000 132, 000 $2, 800 955, 000 $51,000 35,000 $1, 800 54, 000 $2, 200
Carp, German.............2.2.2..- 120, 000 2, 600 115, 000 2, 500 200 @) 4, 400 100 400 @)
DOSES weccwasicivapitncics sa mance 10, 000 200 i D004 caccdemide sqccfendocnnedens back eesereec Reape daeens|Peumeeyenesers emscsuianss ese
Drum (fresh-water), or sheepshead . 3.700 00 1,300 2 2,000 100 400 ()
Lake herring « ccs<ocendexcecesh ccs 598, 000 573,000 27,000 1,400 100 23,000 700
Lake trout.............2.0.020006- 150, 000 148, 000 P2NOOO! | ion a tarts cowmalcceaae ceeteters 2, 400 200
Ling, or eelpout................... 27,000 26, 000 500 & () 1,000 °)
Perch, yellow...........2........-. 238, 000 193, 000 10, 000 24, 000 1,300 22,000 900
SUCRE corns nevanaeiescusacnacn 8, 500 2, 400 100 80 1, 200 e
WSEAS Di osidsectens xasieressver: coeuee 13, 000 9, 300 500! | atehesnaeaaee eee oe er 3, 500 300
BU OUBON 9 mica nasousmarsa veucngdormenae 6, 100 2,000 100 2,000 100 100 ()
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Pound nets, 32,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; and lines, 21,000 pounds, valued at $900.
TaBLeE 5.—ILLINOIS—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
2 Less than $100.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
‘ 7 All other appa-
SPECIES AND DISTRICT. Seines. Gill nets. Fyke nets. Trammel nets. ratus.l
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
APOtAl Jicrereprasitcise nse /tiseaeneny nee neice eco oncals 2,983,000 }$89,000 |/2,012,000 |$47,000 | 495,000 |$28,000 | 439,000 {$13,000 33,000 | $1,000 4,700 $200
Fish:
Buiialosfisha o.cccie seis vee sions ae eemaeetesieereetes 204, 000 28,000
Carp, German...........-. 1,975, 000 323,000
Catfish and bullheads.... 121, 000 , 000
CLAD DC ies epereisects creieicss. ore, stents sata siemintge as eam 51,000 17,000
Dogiishiiss. ca seesned peswaces senate etd gaugeestost = 30,000 25,000
Drum (fresh-water), or sheepshead .........-.....-. 13,000 B00
,
StUT 2000 ese.0 ee eeeenss yeigeleeees oe ssiscbic sci zceeieee es
Sunfish...
Whitefish.
All Others sésiceis cmdsiy cose neeserecek teeeleeqeoees
Sturgeon.......-.--.---
Sunfish. . .
All Othe sss eaxece vocsonuse Samamtaueat see ee eiuk
BBO Soe den oy oid nd Dakin PRT EERE REARS StS ca ca emawS
Terrapin..........---2 2.002 e eee eee eects
Lake Michigan district ..0..220...c002--sos0esaenreeentes
12, 000
50, 000
6,200
6,800
600
9, 600
2, 484, 000
204, 000 28,000 | 1,100 4,000
1,975, 000 323,000 | 9,100] 20,000
21,000 000 800 2) 000
51,000 17,000 500 600
30, 000 25, 000 300 1,000
13, 000 2,700 100 1,000
5,000 1,000 100 1,000
4,700 1,100] (2)
12000 400 | (2) 400
50, 000 19,000 500 600
5, 2, 100 400
GOO! | Gn Whe ssecsc| tat ecasloteoucece dWecean alice recall ese eb eae
9,600 200 | (2) 1, 400
500,000 | 28,000 ||..........]....-..-] 495,000 | 28,000 |......0...f....0.2 Jee.
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lines, 4,100 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 600 pounds, valued at less than $100.
2 Less than $100.
120
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 6.—ILLINOIS—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
é 5‘ ( All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. Fyke nets. Tramme] nets. Lines. Gill nets. pantie P
Quantity Quantit: Quantit Quantity : Quantity Quantity _ | Quantity :
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Vaiue. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value
TOCBL acs esieecccned 71,636,000 |$1, 347,000 |/13,933,000 | $412,000 {10,931,000 |$318, 000 [5,067,000 |$150,000 |1, 238,000 |$56,000 | 467,000 {$24,000 |40, 001,000 $387, 000
Fish:
Black bass........-- 532, 000 57,000 220,000 25,000 100,000 9,900 | 114,000 | 11,000 98,000 | 11,000 300 (2) 200 (2)
Buffalo fish.........] 2,838,000 109,000 || 1,054,000 42,000 | 1,125,000 | 43,000 | 594,000 | 21,000 62,000 | 2,400 1,800 100 800 (2)
Carp, German......- 19, 667,000 529,000 |} 9,325,000 | 255,000 | 6, 568.000 | 176,000 {3,155,000 | 80,000 | 604,000 | 17,000 2,200 100 13, 000 400
Catfishand bullheads] 1,922,000 92,000 710, 000 32,000 607,000 | 28,000 | 317,000 | 15,000 | 283,000 | 17,000 500 () 5, 400 200
1, 229, 000 33,000 542,000 15,000 497,000 | 13,000 | 174,000 5,000 16,000 700 200 (?) 400 8
1, 339, 000 17,000 698, 000 9,100 460, 000 5,700 | 161,000 2,100 20, 000 300 400 () 500 @
652,000 20,000 157,000 4,400 309, 000 9,600 | 105,000 2,800 76,000 | 2,800 1,800 100 2,700 100
26,000 1,500 4,200 200 11,000 500 B 300 5,400 500 |loxedecenrelecerecee 100 (2)
278,000 13,000 (2) 252,000 | 12,000 25,000 700
Lake trout. - - 32,000 2,500 29,000 | 2,300 2,300 200
Ling, or eelpo 2,400 100 F (2) 1,000 (2)
Paddlefish..... 2 398, 000 12,000 |} 286,000} 8,600] 88,000} 2,200) 29,000] 1,100) #400] (%) |...-......-|-----.--|-----------|--------
Perch, yellow.....-. 211,000 11,000 169,000 | 8,900 25,000 1, 400
Pike and pickerel.... 13,000 1,100 4 (?) 200 )
Pike perch (wall-
COVED) e 2 c ce nceeslnse 14,000 1,500 1,700 100 900 100 400 (2) 11,000 | 1,300 @) @) |eseeeeesees|eveteees
Rock bass........-.- 6,200 800 400 (2) 900 100 600 (2) 4,200 600 100] @) |aeessaseucs|eesecaws
Sturgeon and caviar
and sturgeon eggs. 4 168,000 7,000 34,000 1,300 29,000 800 | 78,000] 3,800] 26,000} 1,100 00! |)» Gyo |b scesrecenete (yeuceciie
Suckers, including
mullet.........-... 276,000 6,300 70,000 1,300 126, 000 3,000 74,000 1,800 1, 400 (2) 2,900 100 2,200 100
Sunfish... . sosceccess 1,664,000 29,000 666, 000 12,000 748,000 | 12,006 | 240,000 4,600 9,500 300 200 (2) 200 ()
White bass.......... 6,900 30 2,600 100 1, 200 100 2,800 (2) 200 (2) 100 (2). [acarcwigseiesend| amcinwene
Whitefish..........-. 6, 600 3,500 3
All other. ..........- 1,700 1,300 (?)
BYVOGS soc 5 seed eG sircser 24,000 24,000 6,800
Terrapin................ 196, 000 122,000 | 10,000] 2,400} 100 J... eo. epee fe eee leet e eee eee efee eee ee
Pur tles 22 j2cesissececmenser 306, 000 141,000 66, 000 1,700
Mussel shells. .........-- 39, 809, 000 39, 809,000 | 184,000
Pearlsiand SNESzizscscsiecltescaisy accel! —1%0)000) |l ani cassis iecterceniennath| ostietatmeciad [amma aiatal crete amiation [Saemmisirs c| anise euenca| eects c eas Sokeee| smesanids | teeeeeeenes 170,000
Skins, mink.-............ 61,900 61,900 6,000
Skins, muskrat.......... 617,000 617,000 | 14,000
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 39,809,000 pounds, valued at $355,000; traps, 19,000 pounds, valued at $20,000; di
nets, 35,000
ounds, valued at $1,800; spears, 68.000 pounds, valued at $1,800; pound nets, 32,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; fish haskets and traps, 13,000 pounds, valaed at $400;
earms, 600 pounds, valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 24,000 pounds, valued at $6,700.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4 Includes 1,300 pounds of caviar and sturgeon eggs, valued at $800.
INDIANA.
The fisheries of the northern part of Indiana are car-
ried on in Lake Michigan, and those of the southern
part in the Ohio River and its tributaries, the Wabash,
White, and other rivers. The extent of the industry
in this state is briefly indicated in the following state-
ment:
Number of persons employed............-....-2----+----- 986
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit $23, 000
Apparatus of capture..........0.... 0.0.02 2222 eee eee 28, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............... 22, 000
Walue-of productes.:2.0c02oses 2 Sxssiewaseee se vss etaies 223, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A comparison
of the returns of this census with those of earlier can-
vasses shows that there has been a reaction from the
decrease in the products which was apparent in both
fishery districts of Indiana in 1899. This reaction is
due almost entirely to the recent development of the
mussel fisheries. The following tabular statement
compares the figures for 1908 with the figures reported
for former years:
6 3,800 skins.
6 50,000 skins.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
employed,
DISTRICT AND YEAR. exclusive Vessels Appara.
tof shores- and boats ~ Quantity
Total. {|S - | tus of Value.
men. era capture. (pounds).
Indiana:
1908... 972 ||$52,000 || $23,000 | $28,000 |/15,507,000 |$223, 000
1899. 459 || 37,000 14, 000 23,000 |) 1,544,000) 72,000
Lake Michigan dis-
trict:
1908 eects pease eas 76 |} 30,000 14, 000 16, 000 622,000 | 41,000
1900S weicseese asics 36 || 11,000 3, 200 7,800 310,000 | 11,000
1809 cewtersrapajes sib ce 50 || 18,000 7,600 11,000 |} 593,000} 16,000
Ohio River district:
TG08) cs e.syanenes sneae 896 || 22,000 9, 200 13,000 |/14,886,000 | 182, 000
1800 eo wnctatiia s S:e se! 409 || 19, 000 6, 800 12,000 951,000 | 55,000
1894. cecncrcies sxe ais 889 || 23, 000 7,500 16,000 |'2, 505, 000 | 124,000
Persons employed.—The statistics of the persons
employed in the fisheries of the state are given in the
following tabular statement. The greater number
were independent fishermen. The low average wages
paid to all classes of wage-earners in the Ohio River
district and to those employed in the shore and boat
fisheries of Lake Michigan indicate the incidental or
intermittent character of the employment.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
rotat, [ke 224,| ware. |
otal. ||independ- ss
ent fish- |°@7ners
ermen.
DO tales cic wsiscuine ctaind ne ab edenase 986 1 873 113 || 2 $18,000
Vessel fisheries.............22.... 4 3 4 3, 400
Shore and boat fisheries. . ag 965 870 95 12, 000
Shoresmen......-.....00.-0000005 i: Gl | Pacers 14 2, 800
Lake Michigan district..............0...... 80 49 31 13,000
Vessel fisheries...............2....0022- vA 3 4 3, 400
Shore and boat fisheries................ 69 46 23 7,900
ISHOTES MON isis, oicisciescdemmcatccine sence OW ie ieorasste ses 4 2,100
Ohio River district............2..22..00.22. 906 824 82 5,000
Shore and boat fisheries._.............. 896 824 72 4,400
SHOreSMeCH -:0:. sv eceeeessscecsae ye tenes TOM ee tates 10 600
1 Exclusive of four proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $1,200.
Equipment and other capital—The next tabular
statement gives the value of the investment in the
Indiana fisheries, with its distribution between the
Lake Michigan and the Ohio River districts.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Lake Michi-} Ohio River
Total. |Iyan district.| district.
$74, 000 $51, 000 $24, 000
Apparatus of capture. .
Vessel fisheries... ..-.-
Shore and boat fisheries - -
Shore and accessory property..........-.------
@Cashisistc ccsnncetanooiasceemad exam mee seecememe 4,900
1 Less than $100.
The statistics of the number and tonnage of vessels
and the number of boats are as follows:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT.
Total Lake Michi-| Ohio River
otal. |lgan district.| district.
Vesstls:
Num bef escas vneses ca eckcncice sdietenissseeces 2 PE se eee
Tonnage... 33 33 |....-.-----.
Boats, number 937 56 881
Steam and motor 18 9 9
Sail sc cmvsesereice 9 9 J--...-.- eee
RoOwisasseaae€ 900 31 869
Other iiwicn cz cniadad Shas ena sae Pee 10 7 3
The value of shore and accessory property in 1908
amounted to $4,600 for vessel fisheries and $13,000
for shore and boat fisheries, while the amount of cash
reported for vessel fisheries was $800 and for shore
and boat fisheries $4,100. The total capital credited
to vessel fisheries was therefore $16,000 and to shore
and boat fisheries $58,000.
Apparatus of capture represented more than a
121
third of the entire investment. The number of the
kinds of apparatus was as follows:
Dip Met cnc hss fa oases sae seceine eee ncieeee tea sae 25
Py Ke Netes eiaic 00h toceie canes seeestecosss Joo ES se Rees 919
Gill nété.;..:.).c.aceeeeon aaa saey es be edwoarenex siceeewee seu 809
POUNG Met ise desis oe ex4 Wap adie eees ola Set isiadets 37
HeinGsiiweves ae tase cee eee iiiads « cigls sistent ae Ses eure de 30
The pound nets and gill nets were used wholly in
Lake Michigan. All except 192 of the gill nets were
used in the shore and boat fisheries.
Products, by species —The products, by species and
apparatus of capture, for all fisheries of the state are
shown in Table 1, on page 123. The entire product
was taken by the shore and boat fisheries, with the
exception of 3,000 pounds of herring, valued at $100,
and 112,000 pounds of trout, valued at $8,000, which
were taken by the vessel fisheries of Lake Michigan.
The mussel fishery furnished the bulk of the product.
The catch of fish proper amounted to only 1,076,000
pounds, or 7 per cent of the total, and was valued at
$69,000, or only 31 per cent of the total. These
figures, however, represent an increase over the food
fish caught in 1903 of approximately 66 per cent in
weight and 125 per cent in value.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The fishery products
of the Ohio River and its tributaries, by species and
by apparatus of capture, are given in Table 2, on page
123, and those of Lake Michigan are similarly given
in Table 3, on page 123.
The fisheries of the Ohio River district were all of
the shore and boat class. The entire product of mus-
sels, pearls, and slugs came from these waters, con-
tributing 85 per cent of the total value for the district.
The fish product proper of this district amounted to
455,000 pounds, valued at $27,000, and consisted
chiefly of catfish, buffalo fish, drum, and German
carp, ranking in value in the order named.
All of the Lake Michigan product was food fish,
while in the Ohio River district only 15 per cent of
the value represented food fish. In the lake fish-
eries trout, lake herring, yellow perch, sturgeon (in-
cluding caviar), and whitefish were the leading species
and formed 91 per cent of the lake catch.
The chief products, ranked in the order of the value
reported for the state, are given in the following table,
by districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. i
(Ohio River |Lake Michi-
Total. |" district. [gan district.
$223, 000 $182, 000 $41, 000
Fish:
Da k@ row Vien cei cisieste se sis cinbcecies aise ttre
Lake Herring. scxc<c000%
Catfish and bullheads. .
Perch, yellow....-....-....-
Drum (fresh-water), or sheepsh
Sturgeon and caviar
Buffalo fish.......-.---
Carp, German .........
Whitefish... ..sccceccess
122
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The distribution
of the total value of products, according to apparatus
of capture, for the state and for each district, was as
follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Total Ohio River |Lake Michi-
° district. gan district.
Total $223, 000 $182,000 $41,000
Gall N6tS 0 ooso.sesnaeee xe eesnoreess beeeeoresae 18,000) |leceunauseses 18, 000
Pound nets 18; 000! |lesicceneseaes 18, 000
Fyke nets..........- 16, 000 16, 000
DAMCS is ojasoraspernsvinaeaet 11,000 7,400 3,100
Seines...........- 4, 200 3,700 600
Dip nets. 22.2 ss222e0 900! Hence acerca e 990
Crowfoot dredges 155,000 155,000 |.....-------
1 Less than $100.
The product taken by crowfoot dredges largely
exceeded the catch with all other forms of apparatus,
comprising 14,431,000 pounds of mussel shells, which
had a value, including pearls and slugs, of $155,000.
Mussel products—The mussel fishery of the state
has developed since 1903 and is responsible for almost
the entire gain in the value of the fishery products of
the Ohio River district since that date. The large
value of the pearls and slugs is noteworthy, nearly
equaling that of the mussel shells and exceeding the
ageregate value of all food fish.
_ Laketrout—The lake-trout catch was larger than
that of any otherspecies of fish reported for 1908. Over
four-fifths of the catch was taken in the vessel fisheries,
in which this species contributed the entire amount,
with the exception of 3,000 pounds of lake herring.
Trout were taken almost entirely with gill nets. The
following comparative statement shows the catch for
stated years:
LAKE-TROUT PROD-
UCT OF LAKE MICHI-
GAN DISTRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds), Value.
130,000 $9,600
76, 000 3,800
35,000 2,000
155, 000 7,700
Lake herring.—lake herring ranked second in value
among the food fishes in 1908. The value of the prod-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
uct in 1890 was $3,200; in 1899, $7,200; and in 1903
only $2,300. By 1908 it had increased to $8,400.
Catfish.—Catfish and bullheads ranked next to lake
herring in value in 1908. The Ohio River district fur-
nished almost the entire catch. Over one-half of the
catch was taken with fyke nets and most of the remain-
der with lines. Catfish formerly led in quantity and
in value, but a great decline in both these respects was
shown in 1908, as is indicated by the following tabular
statement:
CATFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
102, 000 $7,800
288, 000 18, 000
802, 000 43,000
Yellow perch.—Yellow perch, with a catch of prac-
tically the same value as that of catfish, was a product
of the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Michigan. The
greater part of the catch was taken with gill nets,
although considerable quantities were caught in pound
nets. This species was taken in greater quantities in
1899 than in 1908, but the value was no greater inthe
earlier year.
Other products—Drum and sturgeon were taken in
both districts, the former mostly in the Ohio River
district and the latter mostly in Lake Michigan. The
catch of fresh-water drum decreased at about the same
rate as that of catfish. The value of the yield from the
Ohio River district alone was $20,000 in 1894, but by
1899 it had dropped to $11,000, while in 1908 the value
of the catch for the whole state was only $7,600. The
quantity has decreased in much the same proportions.
The yield of the sturgeon product has been fluctuating,
the lake catch being valued at $2,800 in 1890, $800 in
1899, $300 in 1903, and $6,300 in 1908.
The buffalo-fish product was valued at only a little
less than that of either of the foregoing species.
Nearly the whole catch was from the Ohio River and
two-thirds was taken by fyke nets. The catch of buf-
falo fish shows a decrease in value from $17,000 in 1894
to $7,700 in 1899 and to $7,000 in 1908. German
carp increased in weight and in value reported from
$1,100 in 1894 to $2,300 in 1899 and to $6,000 in 1968.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
TaBLE 1.—INDIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
1238
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
cence: Gill nets.1 Pound nets. Fyke nets. Lines. Seines. an aes
Quantity Quantit: Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total scccsvccntexcsiciess 15, 507,000 | $223,000 285,000 | $18,000} 293,000 [$18,000 | 284,000 |$16,000 | 132,000 /$11,000 70,000 | $4,200 | 14,443,000 | $156,000
Fish:
Buffalo fish.............. 124, 000 7 3,400 100] 83,000] 4,500] 27,000} 1,700] 11,000 G00 | este ceeee saleciencteuas
Carp, German... 5 128, 000 6 16, 000 500 75,000 | 3,400 6, 700 500 30,000 | 1,600 200 (8)
Catfish and bullheads. . . 102, 000 7 1,300 100 | 59,000] 4,500] 37,000 | 2,800 4,600 B00! |= sverecct ain aisial od creciciaisis
Drum (fresh-water), or
sheepshead . . ces 137,000 7 (8) 33, 000
Lake herring. . 198, 000 8, 400 79,000 | 3,300] 118,000
Lake trout.....-. 130, 000 9, 600 ,000 | 9,200 5, 200
, 700 100 300 (3) 1,100
119, 000 7,600 66,000 | 4, 400 40,000
3,100 0 100
52, 000
300
21,000
Trout, rainbow.......... 2,700
Trout, perch... ai 1,000
White bass...
1 All from the shore and boat fisheries, except 115,000 pounds, valued at $8,100, taken in the vessel fisheries with gil! nets. This quantity cormprised 3,000 pounds of lake
herring, valued at $100, and 112,000 pounds of trout, valued at $8,000.
2 Crowfoot dredges were used only in taking mussels.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4 Less than $100.
Taste 2.—INDIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF OHIO RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. sy re
7 eines and crowfoo
SPECIES. Fyke nets. Lines. dredges.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtal coccecices susienes vee verona ecasewewemeeee ee 14,886,000 | $182,000 284,000 $16,000 113,000 $7,400 | 14, 489,000 $158, 000
Fish:
Buffalo fishewssssessscxveecaveeseweseces es cca canes veces 121,000 6, 900
Carp, German.......... 100, 000 5,000.
Catfish and bullheads........... 101, 000 7, 600
Drum (fresh-water), or sheepshead .....-..---- 104, 000 6, 200
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).......-..--------------+- 3,000 300
Sturgeon oc:. ccc seesae vecceee 800
Suckers... ......-.----- 600
Mussel shells.........------- 81,000 |).
Pearls and slugs........---- . 74, 000 “
Alli Oth@ties e oxic ween etcemesnascsnciatias Seoudewesceieieen es (2)
1 Crowfoot dredges were used only in taking mussels.
2 Less than $100.
TaBLE 3.—INDIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
3 Includes 60,000 pounds of mussel shells, valued at $500, from the Kankakee River.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.1
Gill nets. Pound nets. All other apparatus.?
SPECIES.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total. ..... 2.222.202 2222 cece eee ete ce eee ec teers et erences 622, 000 $18, 000 293, 000 $18, 000 43, 000 $4,700
Buffalo fish .ccevccescacsedaeeeee dacs eceeseecayes 44 3,700
Carp, German............-- 27,000
Catfish and bullheads............- AOU) ON cicstwtatetiiadetesueca -2e6G0| WGN naiecdanumaaesl tenmeageeaad
Drum (fresh-water), or sheepshead . 33, 000
Eels 400
198, 000
130, 000
1,700
119, 000
35, 000
12,000
Trout, rainbow.....-..-..-- 2, 700
Trout, perch.......-....--.-- 1,000
White bass.........---------- Soe
Whitefish. ..........-.--.-- 5! 0
NUL OtHED o.oo iass cornsdeiew sees eeneatesemacce ned tesleeeGwinceciemeees 00
1 All from the shore and boat fisheries, except 115,000 pounds, valued at $8,100, taken in the vessel fisheries with gill nets. This quantity comprised 3,000 pounds of
lake herrin,
valued at $100, and 112,000 pounds of lake trout, valued at $8,000
2 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lines, 19,000 pounds, valued at $3,100; dip nets, 12,000 pounds, valued at $900; and seines, 12,000 pounds, valued at $600.
3 Less than $100.
124
IOWA.
In 1908 Iowa held a relatively unimportant place
among the states in which commercial fishing was car-
ried on. It was, however, fourth among the states
represented in the fisheries of the Mississippi River
and its tributaries. The Mississippi and Missouri
Rivers are the waters of chief importance in or border-
ing on this state, and the commercial fisheries of the
state were practically confined to them. Small quan-
tities of mussel shells were taken from the Iowa and
Wapsipinicon Rivers, but the state laws prohibit the
taking of fish in any of the interior rivers or lakes
except by means of hook and line. No vessels were
employed in the fisheries of the state. A summary of
the statistics for 1908 is given in the following state-
ment:
Number of persons employed................-2-.---000--- 786
Capital:
BOatauc vedataccaes oe os eee nee ee aoe Ue baseemlare $38, 000
Apparatus of capture.......-...-2..--20+---222------ 29, 000
Shore and accessory property....-...----------------- 11, 000
Valiievol products ia ssiiedy eis = ois sisetce oteslaletet els: oars crncieieiere 215, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The following
tabular statement gives a comparison of the leading
statistics for 1908 with those for 1894 and 1899, as
shown in the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries:
Persons VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
ace
ployed,
TEAR exclusive Appara- Quantit
of shores- || Total. || Boats.| tus of ( Bande Value.
men. capture. P ).
1908 786 ||$66,000 ||$38,000 | 329,000 8, 867,000 | $215,000
1899 1,161 |} 50,000 |} 17,000 33, 000 1 23, 902, 000 208, 000
1894 944 || 39,000 || 15, C00 25, 000 4,080, 000 125, 000
1 Includes 20,354,000 pounds of mussel shells.
From 1894 to 1899 there were fairly large increases
in the number of persons employed, the total value of
equipment, and the value of boats and of apparatus
of capture. Fewer persons were employed in 1908
than in either of the other years for which a canvass
was made, a fact which was due to the discontinuance
of commercial fishing along the Skunk, Des Moines,
and Big Sioux Rivers and in the lakes reported as
fishing grounds in the former years.
The value reported for apparatus of capture was
lower in 1908 than in 1899. The decrease did not,
however, bring the value for 1908 as low as that
reported in 1894; nor did it result in a reduction in
the total value of equipment between 1899 and 1908,
the tendency in that direction being more than offset
by an increase in the value of boats.
The great changes in the quantity of products reflect
the rise and decline of the mussel-shell industry rather
than the development of the general fisheries of the
state. If mussel shells, pearls, and slugs are elimi-
nated from consideration, the weight of products as
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
reported in 1894, 1899, and 1908 was, respectively,
3,932,000 pounds, 3,548,000 pounds, and 4,167,000
pounds, and the corresponding values were $123,000,
$110,000, and $170,000. There were, therefore, in the
case of products exclusive of mussel shells, decreases
in both quantity and value in 1899, as compared with
1894; but from 1899 to 1908 there were increases which
more than counterbalanced the preceding losses.
Persons employed.—The following tabular state-
ment shows, for the state as a whole and for the two
main fishing districts, the distribution of the persons
employed, according to their relation to the industry:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT.
Proprie-
tors and Wages.
Total inde- Wage-
* || pendent | earners.
fisher-
men.
TO Gall si deeds wasnt chao aioe 786 1720 66 || 216,000
eee River district................- 743 687 56 15, 000
Missouri River district..............2.... 43 33 10 1, 200
1 Exclusive of six proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisious furnished to the value of $400.
In 1908, 95 per cent of the Iowa fishermen were
employed in the basin of the Mississippi River. Of
the total number, only 66, or less than 9 per cent,
were wage-earners. The amount paid in wages was
$16,000. There were no salaried employees reported.
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement gives the value of the fishing equipment and
other items of capital for the state in 1908, and its dis-
tribution between the Mississippi River and the Mis-
souri River districts:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS CF INVESTMENT. |
| Mississippi | Missouri
Total. || River River
\| district. district.
DO tal aaciiciereysecione aiaisleniciciats s wertiebetoaloa andes $77,000 $75, 000 $1, 400
BOO Sc ecien sie wverc ere arreramtave sess ve ature ot 38, 000 | 37, 000 500
26,000 | 26,000 |.........---
11,000 11,000 500
600 GOO. pasate, cscsacciorescices
29,000 | 28,000 700
11,000 | 10,000 200
More than 97 per cent of the capital was invested in
the Mississippi River district. The investment in
boats formed 49 per cent of the total capital; the in-
vestment in apparatus of capture, 38 per cent; and
that in shore and accessory property, 14 per cent.
Power boats represented one-third of all the capital
employed.
The number of the various kinds of apparatus used
are shown in the next tabular statement,
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
KIND. Peer ear ‘
Mississippi | Missouri
Total. || River River
district. district.
Fyke and hoop nets 2,455 2,389 66
Pound tnetszsccazsnceaas (uaczns ansscaniea sacs 403 “AOS Iceman aneaea
Seines: =. escsss 168 158 10
Spears......... 129 POO oe ceslelanstecgoohstcn
Trammel nets. - mee 257 243 14
PENG, DUE caters GG airacsts ccrrarannadae coameimcaealea sdaitaa 748 TAB) | sossneeezar
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 126, shows
the fishery products of the state in 1908, by species
and by apparatus of capture.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Over 95 per cent of
the value was from the Mississippi River district. The
Missouri River products, aggregating 143,000 pounds,
of a value of $9,300, are given in Table 2, on page 126,
by species and by apparatus of capture; and by de-
ducting the specific items from the corresponding
items in the general state table, the products in
detail of the Mississippi River district are readily
ascertainable.
The distribution by districts of the chief products,
ranked according to value, is given in the following
tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES: Mississippi] Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
ROU <5 voseaeeceouessclncuag seeatenrs erent $215, 000 $205, 000
PRIS oc.cis wicussia anda ee asceeed eR oSes ne deve 167,000 158, 000
Carp, German.......-.......-- ----| 62,000 57,000
Catfish and bullheads..........-. 33,000 31,000
Builalo fil. .csccace eeeeseees ence 23,000 22,000
Sturgeon and caviar...-......---.. 16, 000 16, 000
DUCHONS: sc éscicarsiioasieceseetsies eens 6,600 6,600
BlaCK DasSis.gic crcanrsiste saemnws s ace 5, 600 5,600
Drum, fresh-water.....-.....--.- 5,300 5,200
Albother cas 2ccaseieu exiceeskes 2 15,000 14, 000
Mussel products.....-....--.-..--- 44,000 44,000
NOUS so: enecersia'daSacscinccissare bianeiatleineee’S 33, 000 33,000
Pearls and slugs........-...--- ----| 11,000 11, 000 |.
AN OtH ery seve awianie ce Asso eeeisiemincetelte ow 3,300 3,300
Products, by apparatus of capture——The following
tabular statement shows the distribution of the value
of products by waters and according to the kind of
apparatus used in making the catch:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Mississippi| Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
To taliic sodas ecamcinnrs oeegacca tees $215, 000 $205, 000 $9,300
S@ineSvaccassivicen gets scsicne ove esneeioeecet 68, 600 64, 000 3, 300
Trammel nets.......--.------ Ssaaveus| 746,000) 43, 900 2,900
Crowfoot dredges. .... 44,000 44,000 |....--......
Fyke and hoop nets.. 30, 000 28, 000 1,600
INES 5. sicxers sicseiceondcoint 12,000 11, 000 1,500
POUT GUS aces dis, avereiendiesans hasemsetie cine SSE 11, 000 TL; OOO) Nscie wieysrevercioness
AMONOR s. é<inxctadecudaerindeeis wortmeneacionasee 2, 600 Zs GOO .c ecicsnrctcreare
As shown by the table on page 126, seines were used
in the capture of every species of fish proper caught
in any of the waters of the state, with the exception of
eels, and the catch by seines represented 32 per cent
of the total value of all products caught.
125
Trammel nets, with which fishery products aggre-
gating 21 per cent of the total value for the state were
caught, were also employed in taking a great number
of species; but the catch with crowfoot dredges, rank-
ing next and representing 20 per cent of the total
value, consisted exclusively of mussel products.
Mussel products.—The comparison of the weight and
‘value of several general classes of the products of the
Iowa fisheries for 1894, 1899, and 1908, given in the
following tabular statement, is of special interest, as
showing the phenomenal growth of the mussel industry
between 1894 and 1899 and its rapid decline since:
FISHERY PRODUCTS.
A Mussel shells, All other prod-
site Total. Fish. pearls, and slugs. ucts.i
uan- Quan- Quan- Quan-
tity Value. tity Value. tity Value. tity Value.
(pounds). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds).
1908...} 8, 867, 000/$215, 000)| 4, 071,-000/$167, 000} 4, 699, 000} $44, 000) 97,000) $3, 30)
1899. ..123, 902, 000) 208, 000)) 3, 369, 000} 110, 000)20, 354, 000} 97, 000) 18, 000) 400
1894...) 4,080, 000) 125, 000/| 3,932, 000} 123,000; 148,000) 2,100)..........)..-.----
1 Includes frogs, turtles, and skins.
In 1899, 10,000 tons of mussel shells were dredged
in the Iowa fisheries, while in 1894 only 74 tons were
reported. Since 1899, however, the beds appear to
have become gradually exhausted, and in 1908 only
2,300 tons were obtained. The value of the mussel
product, which in 1894 was only $2,100, or less than
2 per cent of the value of the fishery products of the
state, was $97,000 in 1899, or nearly 47 per cent of
the total of all products in that year. By 1908 the
value of the mussel shells had fallen to $44,000, or
20 per cent of the total value of fishery products.
Nevertheless, at the last canvass of the states having
fisheries along the Mississippi and its tributaries,
only three—Arkansas, Illinois, and Indiana—reported
a greater value of mussel-shell product than Iowa.
Among the fishery products of Iowa at that date the
value of the product of the mussel-shell industry was
exceeded only by that of the carp catch.
Other leading products—The German carp was the
leading variety of fish in 1908, the value of the. catch
forming 29 per cent of the total value of products
and being nearly twice as great as the value of the
species next in importance—catfish and bullheads.
From 1899 to 1908 the carp product increased from
1,039,000 pounds, valued at $23,000, to 2,048,000
pounds, valued at $62,000; that is, the product nearly
doubled in weight and nearly tripled in value.
Catfish, buffalo fish, and fresh-water drum were
each reported in smaller quantities in 1908 than in
1899, but increases occurred in the quantity and value
of the suckers and black bass caught. The catch of
sturgeon, however, gained greatly between the two
canvasses, increasing from 44,000 pounds, valued at
$1,400, to 223,000 pounds, valued at $16,000.
126 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLe 1.—IOWA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
TOTAL. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
7 Fyke and hoo 4 All other appa-
SeucES Seines. Trammel nets. y. eS Pp Lines. Pound nets. fatae!
Quantity
ipounas)) YSN Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit
uantity anti uantity uanti anti uanti
(pounds).| Value. |Sounds).| Value. | pounds). Vue: |@ounds).| Value. Gacaden, Value. (counds'. Value.
TOtaleascosetoscesmmeseacens 8, 867,000 [$215,000 |/1,877,000 |$68, 000 |1,087,000 |$46,000 | 625,000 |$30,000 | 200,000 |$12,000 | 321,000 |$11,000 |4, 756,000 | $47,000
Fish:
Black assis. scuseyeesnicnidie see 54, 000 5,600 40,000
Buffalo fishies: seccvsesses penes 566, 001 23,000 222,000
Carp, German..............---- 2,048,000 | 62,000 |/1,004,000
Catfish and bullheads.........-. 418,000 | 33,000 182, 000
Crappitessvesccdeecccuessuceacen 115, 000 4,700 89, 000
DOGS occ c ssc iceisecaceussigin cen 7,800 100 7,800
Drum, fresh-water....-.-.....-. 188, 000 5, 300 89, 000
Ol Shac- covert Syolentc ew actus Bale eats 5, 400 600 ||......----
PaAdlOAShs cc cescceveienesseaces 6, 900
Perch, yellow..............-.-- 12, 000
Pike and pickerel si 61, 000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 38,000
Sturgeon 215, 000
Caviar and paddlefish eggs 8,600
Suckers.......-.- 197,000
Sunfish, or bream 127,000
White bass. -.._.. 4,700
BT ORS osismeasicecnc 2,500
Turtles..... 93, 000
Mussel shells. 4, 699, 000
Pearls and slugs: s:s2 scevecaanse|eoissewncs
Skins, mink. .._.. 3100
SENDS, MUSKTAb... ooo enemeicie waina Se 41,400 41,400
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, 4,699,000 pounds, valued at $44,000; hooks, spears, etc., 55,000 pounds, valiza 2% $1,460; and minkand
muskrat traps, 1,500 pounds, valued at $1,200.
2 Less than $100. 2100 skins.
4 4,300 skins.
TaBLeE 2.—IOWA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSOURI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
|
TOTAL, PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
SPECIES. Seines. Trammel nets. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines.
Quantity Value
(pounds). " |) Quantit i i i
Yy Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
NNOtAl ae daisies caemeeeee 143, 000 $9, 300 56,000 $3, 300 48,000 $2,900 21,000 31,600 18,000 $1, 500
Buffalo fish. -- 16, 000 1,000 6, 000 300 5, 800 400 2,600 200 1,600 100
Carp, German 89,000 4, 800 36, 000 1, 900 35, 000 1,900 12,000 700 6,100 400
atfish.. 22... ¥ 27,000 2,800 7,000 700 5,000 500 6, 800 700 8, 000 900
Drum, fresh-wat 1, 400 100 | 600 (@) 500 (1) 300
Paddlefish......... 6, 900 300 | 5,600 300 1,300 100 %
Pike and pickerel. 600 100 | 400 (1) 200 (
Sturgeon 3,100 200 700 (1) 400 1S ee reese are
1 Less than $100.
KANSAS.
The fishing industry is not important in Kansas, and
commercial fishing in 1908, which was entirely of the
shore and boat class, was confined to the Missouri
River and to the part of the Kansas River near its
mouth. The principal statistics of the fisheries of the
state are summarized in the following statement:
Number of persons employed...............------2-----2+--- 97
Capital:
Boats: nes Aceon cantanten pedeeeenee aceasta $3, 200
Apparatus of capturesjscosc ope i tsceouk css seeetesweeelss 3, 900
Shore and accessory property and cash...............- 2, 200
Value of produttel 2. sscse sleeve cmese seed isaceeece 2 28, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A comparison
of the statistics for 1908 and those for former years,
which were secured by the Bureau of Fisheries, is pre-
sented in the following tabular statement. There was
a decrease in the number of persons engaged in the
industry, but an increase of over 100 per cent in the
value of the equipment and in the value of the
product.
| VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
YEAR. em-
Appara- 3
ployed. || oral. || Boats. | tus of |) Quantity
; . Gans (pounds). Value.
1908 sce gis Pviccceuins 97 || $7,100 || $8,200 $3, 900 432, 000 $28, 000
TR 9G ete coe Saicee 118 3.300 1,300 2,000 278, 000 14, 000
V8OF oss iensisie cnage nei, 61 || 3,000 700 2,300 242,000 11, 000
Persons employed.—Of the 97 persons employed in
the fisheries of Kansas, 90 were proprietors and inde-
FISHERIES,
pendent fishermen. The seven wage-earners received,
including provisions furnished, the sum of $400.
Equipment and other capital—The value of the
equipment and other capital reported for the Kansas
fisheries in 1908, and the number of the various kinds
of boats used, are shown in the following tabular
statement:
EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Number.| Value.
DOU a 21d crore geen soneemranton yah GE Scone xe ceelaavaoabunn endwean $9, 300
BOSS x sreceeatist ociomin teers Sinica ernclen aidanaeanied Gob gusemead 3, 200
Steam and motor...............2..2.0 202 e eee eee eee eee 1,500
OW oc scececacisia 1,500
Othe? coc cen aasscees sacs 200
Apparatus of capture......... 3,900
Shore and accessory property. = rasa 1,600
CASH, carsscinrsicrieesarass se snidisisvinaneaen. stnaseae eee eRe eeE ys 600
The total investment in apparatus of capture was
$3,900, of which amount $2,900 represented the value
of 620 fyke and hoop nets, which were by far the most
important forms of apparatus. There were 32 tram-
mel nets and 17 seines reported.
BY STATES. 127
Products.—The total product, which amounted to
432,000 pounds, valued at $28,000, is shown in detail,
by species and by apparatus of capture, in the follow-
ing table.
German carp formed by far the most important
fishery product, the total catch in 1908 being 304,000
pounds, valued at $19,000, or 70 per cent of the
quantity and 68 per cent of the value of all fishery
products of the state. The quantity and value re-.
ported for this fish have increased to a great extent
since 1894, when the catch was 19,000 pounds and the
value $600.
Catfish, on the other hand, showed a large decrease,
the total catch in 1908 being only 52,000 pounds, val-
ued at $4,400, compared with 95,000 pounds, valued
at $6,100, in 1899. Buffalo fish also showed a de-
crease between 1899, when the catch was 52,000
pounds, valued at $2,200, and 1908, when it was
35,000 pounds, valued at $2,000.
Fyke and hoop nets, trammel nets, and seines. were
the chief forms of apparatus of capture used, German
carp representing most of the value of the catch in
each case.
KANSAS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. :
Fyke and hoop nets. Trammel nets. Seines. Lines.
SPECIES.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value
Otel erccursic qe Gels eeemeciaaie paeminaats sickmemnnesisiseas 432,000 | $28,000 154,000 | $10,000 125, 000 $8, 000 124, 000 $7,700 30, 000 $2, 400
35, 000 2, 000 13, 000 700 12, 000 700 11, 000 GOD! | croreisaacc s vaelllviss weeeuins
304, 000 19, 000 112, 000 7, 200 89, 000 5, 600 89, 000 5,400 14, 000 900
52, 000 4,400 16, 000 1,300 11, 000 900 12,000 900 14, 000 1,300
Drum, fresh-water.......-..---.-- mane Boas 18, 000 1,100 5, 200 300 6, 800 400 5, 200 300 1,000 100
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).........-.-.--------+----- 6, 600 500 1,700 100 2,700 200 2, 200 QOD) os soeictneee seen te aciere
Sturgeon 7,300 400 2, 800 200 1, 800 100 1,600 100 1,100 100
Suckers 1,900 100 800 (1) 700 (1) 400 ¢ ee eee
Sunfish 2,300 100 1, 000 100 600 Q) 500 G 200 (4)
All other 4,000 300 1,000 100 1, 000 100 2, 200 MOO: Iisicscieraia; Seceesschal siejetecdenaiare a
1 Less than $100.
KENTUCKY.
The fisheries of Kentucky, all of which are of the
shore and boat class, fall into two main divisions, those
of the Mississippi River and its small tributaries in the
western part of the state and those of the Ohio River
and its tributaries, including the Tennessee and the
Cumberland Rivers. In respect to quantity, mussel
shells, buffalo fish, and German carp were the leading
products, in the order named, while in respect to value,
catfish, buffalo fish, and German carp led, in the order
named. The mussel shell and pearl industry is of
recent development. The following statement gives
a summary of the industry for 1908:
Number of persons employed..-..-..---.-.--.---+-----+--- 555
Capital:
BoatSenevewvoretie ws ia lace elect teu Abii ats eddie 2.0! o S seteaebbeee ub ale $11, 000
Apparatus of capture......2.2222-- 222-2 eee eee ee eee 21, 000
Shore and accessory property.................---.---- 6, 600
Value: Of prodiCtiaceceoy .+-apareccadeeee cee sHeeercsess 110, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A comparison
of the industry in 1908 with certain earlier years, for
128
which statistics collected by the Bureau of Fisheries
are available, is given in the following tabular state-
ment:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
eyed Vessel
ploye essels
YEAR exclusive and | Appara- Quantity
of shores- || Total. || boats, in-| tus of (pounds) Value.
men. cluding | capture. || ‘P ‘i
outfit.
1908 eicis-s:c.2seiciciice. 544 |/$32,000 |} $11,000} $21,000 || 5,390,000 | $110,000
1899. 5-c:s-istecsiscore-eteee 551 || 30,000 10,000 19, 000 1,753, 000 79,000
1804s citrsxiance tose 587 || 33,000 10, 000 23, 000 2,274, 000 90,000
The large increase shown for 1908 in quantity of
product was due almost entirely to the mussel fish-
eries, which were not reported in the preceding can-
vasses. ee
Persons employed.—The following tabular state-
ment gives the statistics of the persons employed in
the Kentucky fisheries in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprietors Wages.
Total and inde- | Wage-
‘ pendent | earners.
fishermen.
TOtale twcocescisastetieivetesenseteceines 555 452 103 $6, 600
Mississippi River district............-.- 87 79 8 600
Fishermen soc snsencicewseees weees 87 79 8 600
Ohio River district................----- 468 373 95 5, 900
Fishermen 20.4204 cee etdcwdessaeess 457 373 84 15,400
SHOLSMCN -sorecsecncasereresessees Wb Wliisisreisies ace-oreis ll 600
1 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $400.
The fishing was done on a small scale, and the pre-
vailing type of person engaged in this pursuit was
the independent fisherman. All the shoresmen and
a large proportion of the other wage-earners were
employed in the mussel industry. The small amount
paid in wages indicates that the wage-earners were
engaged in the fisheries only a part of the time.
Equipment and other capital—The value of the
equipment and the amount of other capital employed
are shown below:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Ohio | Mississippi
Total. River River
district. | district.
POtal ecascnsddcaeasdacede aus ahorsacen aie 339,000 || $29,000 $9, 400
BO AES csi secatars seme eticlaisrausis enslaved 11, 000 8,300 2,800
MO totais atscsceeenaestascis stcneanenance 4, 500 3,600 900
ROWessavas cnieeewaemensine vs neeecloeats 6, 600 4,700 1,900
Apparatus of capture.................- 21,000 16, 000 4,400
Shore and accessory property 6, 600 4,400 2,200
Boats constituted somewhat less than one-third
of the total investment and apparatus of capture
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
more than one-half. For the entire state 479 row-
boats and 32 motor boats were reported, 399 of the
former and 26 of the latter being used in the Ohio
River district. Fyke and hoop nets largely pre-
dominated among the apparatus of capture, 2,513
being used in the Ohio River district and 767 in the
Mississippi River district. Thirty-six seines and one
trammel net were reported for the Ohio River dis-
trict and four seines and one trammel net for the
Mississippi River district.
Products, by species—The products for 1908 were
distributed by species and apparatus of capture as
shown in Table 1, on page 129. Thirteen species of
fish were reported, besides turtles and mussels.
Five of the products together represented more than
nine-tenths of the total, both in weight and value.
In order of value they were catfish, buffalo fish,
mussel products (including shells and pearls), German
carp, and fresh-water drum. In 1899 mussels were
not reported and the German carp was of minor im-
portance, but catfish, buffalo fish, and drum led in the
order named, and together contributed nearly 73 per
cent of the total product, both in weight and in value.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Table 2, on page 129,
gives in detail the fishery products of the state from
the Ohio River and its tributaries, and Table 3, on
page 130, those from the Mississippi River and its
tributaries other than the Ohio River.
In the Ohio River district the leading species were,
in the order of their value, the mussel, catfish, buffalo
fish, fresh-water drum, and carp, which together
formed 91 per cent of the total value of products.
The most important fishing grounds in this district
are those of the Ohio River. The products of the
Mississippi River district constituted about one-third
in quantity of the total product of the state, exclusive
of mussel shells. Catfish, buffalo fish, carp, and drum
formed the bulk of the catch and contributed over 93
per cent of the total for the district, both in weight
and in value.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—Crowfoot dredges,
used exclusively for mussels, took more than 63 per
cent of the product. In value, however, the catch by
crowfoot dredges was exceeded by the catch by fyke
and hoop nets and that by lines. The product taken
by fyke and hoop nets contributed 43 per cent of the
total value, and that taken by lines over 27 per cent.
In the Mississippi River district 96 per cent of the
total quantity was taken by these two forms of
apparatus, and in the Ohio River district 23 per cent
of the total. Nearly all the seine catch was from the
Ohio River fisheries. More than one-half of the catch
by lines consisted of catfish, and more than half of
the catfish catch was taken by lines.
Catfish.—The catch of catfish represented in 1908
nearly 24 per cent of the total value of the fishery
products of the state. The yield was slightly larger,
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
in respect to both quantity and value, than in 1899,
although its relative importance was somewhat
greater at the earlier date, when it contributed 26 per
cent of the value of the total fishery yield of the state.
Two-thirds of the value of this species was from the
Ohio River district, and one-third from the Mississippi
River district.
Buffalo fish.—This product in 1908 was credited
with about 20 per cent of the total value of the catch.
The species showed a substantial increase in both
quantity and value over the figures for 1899, but
declined somewhat in relative importance. Of the
value of the catch of buffalo fish, 71 per cent was
reported from the Ohio River district.
Mussel sproducts.—Mussel shells, together with
pearls and slugs, ranked third in value of products, and
129
contributed 18 per cent of the total value of products.
The mussel product, which in 1908 appears for the
first time in the statistics of the commercial fisheries
of Kentucky, was entirely from the Ohio River
district.
German carp.—This fish has advanced from the
position of a minor species, with a value of $3,100 in
1899, to fourth rank in 1908, with a value of $18,000,
one-sixth of the total for the state. The Ohio River
district reported the greater portion of the catch.
Fresh-water drum.—This is the only important
species which shows a decrease in quantity and value
since 1899. In that year 391,000 pounds were
taken, valued at $19,000, or 24 per cent of the total
value of products for the state. Four-fifths of the
drum catch was from the Ohio River district.
TaBLp 1.—KENTUCKY—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Crowfoot dredges. Seines. Trammel nets.
Quantit: Quantity Quanti uantit Quantit: Quantity
(pounds). Value. | Goundsy. | Value. Guanes, Value EERE Value. Gouuias'. Value. | (Sounds). | Value.
TPotalieen nace oraacenen an 5,390,000 | $110,000 |} 1,122,000} $47,000 598,000 | $30,000] 3,413,000] $20,000 247,000 | $12,000 9, 600 $400
Fish
Black bass.............-.-- 7,100 700 1,600
Bream, or sunfish. 4,300 200 700
530, 000 21,000 392, 000
9, 000 18,000 305, 000
436, 000 26, 000 120, 000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).
Rock bass and white bass. ..
Sturgeon, shovelnose.....--
SUCKEMS 5 ce6 vi: ceasooremse see
MPU rte <a rcssats chasererciaie stcisicteeisie iad
1 Less than $100.
TaBLeE 2,—KENTUCKY—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF OHIO RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Fykeand hoop nets. Lines. Crowfoot dredges. Seines. Trammel nets.
Quantity Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantity Quanti
(pounds). | Ve.) (pounds). | V@lue-|} Gounds). | V#!¥°-] (pounds). | V@M*- | Gpounds). | V4!ue- Gonna, Value.
POtal 2,2. .cctseresectaesess eeedeerne ee 4,765,000 |$87, 000 719,000 |$34, 000 397,000 |$21,000 | 3,413,000 |$20,000 231,000 |$12, 000 4,000 $200
Fish:
Black Dassis wesc arte cis eseccedcerenciit ed
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)
Rock bass... ccc cceeecses
Sturgeon, shovelnose. -
SUCKECIS sscximesivcs esiewsds ees eroseaey eee
1 Less than $100.
76786°—11—_9
130 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLe 3.—KENTUCKY—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
soerna: Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Seines. Trammel nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quanti
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Dotal acecenecseesenevnioeyceeeeeueoe 625,000 | $23,000 402,000 | $13,000 201, 000 $9, 400 16, 000 $700 5, 600 $200
Fish:
Black bass.....2..0.20.0ceceeeeeeeeecees 1,000 100: || erate zara, eels akeeie | cmice Aude. |ameee eee 700 100 200 ¢ )
1, 400 100 200 DS) oc [eeccestectans avpiaiatarcra |eressnenace says 900 @) 300 1)
185,000 6,000 176, 000 5, 700 6,000 200 3,000 TOG). sjosictetshdatses His) Sneereten as
161, 000 5, 200 128, 000 4,100 28,000 900 2,400 100 3,000 100
163, 000 8, 800 19, 000 1,100 143, 000 7,700 1,100 LOO atte siete ell disit.e Gavia
5, 700 300 500 ) 6 () 3,900 200 700 100
74,000 1,900 53,000 1,400 19, 000 400 700 (1) 1,000 (1)
200 NG | Seem nnn) Domes tee 200 (6S RSG rier tee rr teae cree ater terse | SERN io |e me eare
Pad dlefish ss :.jzinscn cscedeuiene 4c cacnaend 28,000 700 25, 000 B00! | ieccceie ce geiscl ccc ceins 3,300 TOO se cieeecets sell nde sens
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) . on 1,600 100 600 (1) 600 CE) Weseree. seater ote cusiciel|aercisineitic, 400 (4)
Rock bass and white bass 800 100 300 @) 400 Q) 100 (Ga (eee eee (eer
Sturgeon, shovelnose 2,000 YOO" |lzeoewur swear liade sarees 2,000
MUP OS ees Se eeets sons cokeceeesenacsecnucsl 1,900 (2 Vaan | Paceneerirceorseceerrvet|eeetraiewrtarsrer 1,900
1 Less than $100.
LOUISIANA.
Of the states bordering upon the Gulf of Mexico,
Louisiana in 1908 was second in the extent of her
fisheries, ranking next to Florida. In addition to the
Gulf fisheries Louisiana has fisheries along the Missis
sippi River and its tributaries, chief among which is the
Red River. <A large local trade in fish and oysters
has its center at New Orleans, and there are in addition
small wholesale markets for fish at New Orleans and
Morgan City, and for oysters at Morgan City and
Houma.
The following statement presents a summary of the
chief statistics for the state’s fisheries in 1908:
Number of persons employed ._-..-............--.-.-- 5, 795
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ....-......-.-- $794, 000
Apparatus of capture..........2..2.22-2-22-0--2--- 95, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash........-... 40, 000
Value of products.........2..-2--22-22- eee eee eee eee 1, 569, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—No statistics
concerning the fisheries of Louisiana for years previous
to 1908 apply to the entire state, but since the value
of the product of the Gulf fisheries constituted, in 1908,
92 per cent of the total value for the state, the statis-
tics compiled. at different times for this branch of the
state’s fisheries represent fairly the development in the
state as a whole.
The following tabular statement gives a compara-
tive summary of the principal statistics of the fisheries
of the Gulf district of Louisiana for the canvasses of
1890, 1897, and 1908, and those of the Mississippi
River district of the state for 1899 and 1908:
Per VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
sons
em-
Vessels
DISTRICT AND YEAR. ployed, sand Appa: | jal
i oa ratus 0} uantity
eet Total. includ- eap- || (pounds), Value.
men iny ture.
: outfit.
$810,000 |/$729,000 |$82,000 |/42, 302,000 |$1, 448,000
- 271,000 |} 239,000 | 32,000 |/17, 402, 000 714,000
90, é 294,000 || 255,000 | 39,000 |/20, 789, 000 660, 000
Misses inp! River dis-
rict:
O08 vic teizigieiaelcaaxstyea 643 79,000 66,000 | 13,000 || 3,803,000 121,000
1808S vesjgarcchadaces 324 17,000 10,000 } 7,000 |} 1,942,000 57,000
1 The figures are below normal, owing to quarantine.
In Louisiana, as in other states bordering on this
body of water, the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico show
an increase in recent years in each of the items covered
by the tabular statement, with the exception that in
1897, owing to the fact that a quarantine was in force
for a large part of the year, fishing operations were
curtailed and the capital and quantity of product
reported were less than in 1890. In the Mississippi
River fisheries the amount of capital invested in equip-
ment increased 365 per cent between 1899 and 1908,
and in each of the other items there was an increase
of more than 86 per cent. In the Gulf district the
gain in quantity of product has been much greater
than the gain in value; in the Mississippi River dis-
trict quantity has increased but very little faster than
value.
Persons employed.—The statistics of the persons em-
ployed in the Louisiana fisheries in 1908 are as fol-
lows:
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
ean
rs and | Sala-
i i Wage-
inde- ried Sala-
Total. pendent | em- | ¢2!D- Total. pe Wages.
fisher- |ployees.| °TS-
men.
/
Total... --2.+2 5,795 12,963 2 | 2,830 |1$570, 000 |'$1, 700 | 2 $568, 000
Gulf of Mexico dis-
TICE, ivssie spererercicisee 5,152 2,472 2 | 2,678 || 536,000 || 1,700 535, 000
Vessel fisheries.}| 503 12 lasers 431 || 98,000 |i....... 98, 000
Transporting
vessels........] 180 19 2 159 51,0
Shore and boat coud (ncaa sake
fisheries... ... 4,166 Peo La eee 1,785 |} 341,000 ||.....-.. 341,000
Shoresmen. ...-. B03? Pcceseuicae leaden: e| 308 45,000 ||......- 45, 000
Mississippi River
district........... 643 BOX Perce sc oc 152 33,000 ||.-..... 33, 000
Treceyerine |
vessels........| 34 Aha bites 33 | 10,000 ||....... 10,000
Shore and boat
fisheries... ... 609 490) | see nesses 119 |} 23,000 ||....... 23,000
1 Exclusive of 73 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $145,000.
The persons employed in the shore and boat fisher-
ies, including 244 shoresmen, outnumbered those em-
ployed in the vessel fisheries, including 59 shoresmen,
the total figures being 5,019 and 562, respectively.
The total number employed in transporting vessels
was 214. The number of wage-earners was smaller
than the number of proprietors and independent fish-
ermen. The shore and boat fisheries are credited with
2,871 of the 2,963 proprietors and independent fisher-
men actually engaged in fishing, and with 2,148 of the
2,832 employees. In vessel fisheries employees out-
numbered proprietors and independent fishermen, the
ratio being about 6 to 1, and for transporting vessels
the ratio was nearly 10 to 1; but in shore and boat
fisheries proprietors and independent fishermen were
more numerous than wage-earners, in the ratio of 4 to
3. The wages and salaries paid equaled 36 per cent of
the value of the products.
Equipment and other capital—The following table
gives statistics of the capital invested in Louisiana
fisheries in 1908:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Gulf of | Mississippi
Total Mexico River
district. district.
Ota Marercidse speasinsecancg ds SEE SERer Drees $929, 000 $841, 000 $88, 000
Vessels, including outfit .........-.----++-+-+- 441,000
Fishing... . Gree ie 154,000
Steam and motor..........------------ 63, 000
Wessels o.ccc:cccauuacspecednete seane 46,000
Otitis seccccsmccveess oe aee sae es, 17,000
oo we
Vessels... - .vses sxiescacseaeetae 7
QUE. san vanceuser srieweaasacas 29,000
PransportlA es ceen- caric onan skveraeeeewes 286, 000
Steam and motor. .
PEAR ERIE Aree 000
Sinerie ae edES Oise 50,000
Gail 5 occ aye ctaysears ote cieseceeinsinis eeeeyanies Hele 1,100
PS Sora tictyatetimssshete SENSI ae 1,000
isc fa tbs Arleesvhgerninns = Dasiessiatenssaias ee 100
Other... .c.c2 ch eters s oer se 42,000
BOOS vas sosianrcrarsinipcaie eact 354,000
Steam and motor... 67,000
Bal acs iercaisiioiee se 239, 000
Row... 47,000
OE se e035 00 600
Apparatus of capture...... 95,000
Shore and accessory property.....-----------+-- 39,000
Cah .. wen enc node secs ceeasase cess eeeeeserees 1,100
131
In 1908 slightly over half of the investment in Loui-
siana fisheries, or $479,000, was in shore and boat
fisheries. Transporting vessels accounted for $289,000
of the capital, and fishing vessels for $162,000. Of the
value of shore and accessory property, $1,200 per-
tained to vessel fisheries, $2,500 to transporting ves-
sels, and $35,000 to shore and boat fisheries. Of the
cash capital, $900 was reported in connection with the
shore and boat fisheries in the Mississippi River dis-
trict, and $200 in connection with transporting ves-
sels in the Gulf district. Over 85 per cent of the total
capital was invested in craft of various kinds and their
outfits.
The number and tonnage of vessels and the number
of boats were as follows:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Gulf of | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
Vessels:
UWMDeT: }.c 2occte acoso wus ewe 222 210 12
MONM ARC): cicacpsanass haces neues ae SRS 2,082 1,961 121
Fis! —
INU DP io 3 sececvde soccnuee oe eees4 126 126 | sisoesenese
MODDALG Ci sa ds erceseesiacrerae estes seis 979 Ee ee eee
Steam and motor—
WON DOL: asi ses baesarieicnaseeceene oe 18 i | Beeps creer nees
PONMAGe 2 nis 2 sae seis eee eee 205 205 |eecievinederes
Sail—
Number 2.2.2 secesccccssucs esac 108 108 Pec eesecoade<
TOMMASO secon ge ciececncuraae cess 774 WT Wecsateca coca cpus
96 84 12
1,103 982 121
71 61 10
1,082 975 107
3 1 2
21 7 14
22 Dh | os sini oss
4, 469 3, 846 623
192 116 76
886 876 10
3,352 2,818 534
39 36 3
The number of the various kinds of apparatus used
is shown in the following tabular statement:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
eR Distributed by
' fisheries.
ETyp.
POTS Ys caipige | Manele Shore
Mexico| Sippi Vessel.| and
dis. | River | fish- | boat
trict dis- eries. | fish-
trict. eries
Cast nets 373
i 1,142
505
Fyke and hoop nets....... 1,026
Gill nets.2c25 2 sei. se2 sees 55
Harpoons, spears, etc.... 100
Pots, crawfish........... 466
Pound and trap nets..... 3
SeineS 222 ensise seeseass 294
Shrimp nets...........-- 3,803
Trammel nets... .22-20222252-5
Traps—mink, muskrat, and otter......| 60,770 || 60,770 |........||-.....-- 60,770
TTADS PUTTOL « cecccccuiseissind ze eeiieowee 50 500: Joxcccese|[socceces
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 135, gives
statistics for 1908 of the quantity and value of the
product of the Louisiana fisheries by species and by
apparatus of capture. Forty-one species made up
132
this product. Oysters represented more than one-
half its weight and about half its value. Ranked
according to value of product, shrimp, catfish, sque-
teague, and mink skins followed, in the order named,
and together with oysters amounted to 39,662,000
pounds, valued at $1,277,000, or 86 per cent of the
total weight and 81 per cent of the total value. In
1897 the four species of fish named were-in the lead,
and contributed about 80 per cent of the total weight
and 83 per cent of the total value. Mink skins were
not reported at the canvass of 1897.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Table 2, on page 136,
gives, by species and apparatus of capture, the weight
and value of the products of the Louisiana fisheries
in the Gulf of Mexico. Of theforty-odd species taken in
Louisiana fisheries, 27 were reported exclusively from
the Gulf of Mexico district. The value of the entire
product of this district was $1,448,000, while the
value reported for these 27 species was $1,115,000.
Among the latter the oysters, as would be expected,
were the most important, having a value of $763,000.
The next in value of the products reported only for the
Gulf fisheries were squeteague and mink skins, valued
at $82,000 and $77,000, respectively; while other im-
portant products were salt-water drum (channel bass),
croakers, soft crabs, and terrapin, valued at $39,000,
$28,000, $21,000, and $21,000, respectively.
The product reported by the fisheries of the Missis-
sippi River and its tributaries, all of which are of the
shore and boat class, had about one-eleventh the
weight and one-twelfth the value of that reported for
the Gulf district. The distribution of the products
of these fisheries is shown in Table 3, on page 136.
Fifteen species comprised the river product, five of
which—carp, crappie, eels, pike perch (wall-eyed), and
suckers—were not found in the Gulf product. Catfish,
buffalo fish, and shrimp, in the order named, were the
most valuable species in the products of this district,
furnishing a little more than three-fourths of both the
weight and the value of the catch. Catfish and buffalo
fish headed the list in 1899 also, together representing
at that time three-fourths of the weight and two-thirds
of the value of the products from the district.
The value of the different products reported for
1908, arranged in the order of importance, is shown
in the next tabular statement for the state as a
whole and for the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi River
districts.
Of the species reported for both the Gulf and the
river fisheries, shrimp and catfish were the most val-
uable. The shrimp product reported by the Gulf
district was valued at $196,000 and the river product
at only about one-twelfth as much, $17,000; the cat-
fish product of the Gulf district was valued at $89,000
and the river product at $54,000. The total value of
the other species common to both districts, including
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
caviar, was $90,000, of which the Gulf fisheries con-
tributed $47,000 and the river fisheries $43,000. In
the case of three species—namely, black bass, fresh-
water drum, and paddlefish—the greater value came
from the Mississippi River district, while in the case
of the four remaining species—bream, buffalo fish,
crawfish, and turtles—the product of the Gulf dis-
trict represented the greater value.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES: Gulf of | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
TO talevesirsecqiostsl ora ieneisinaneniosineses $1, 569, 000 || $1, 448, 000 $121,000
FISH 2 oe osacs oes cea eeniniss Yeseeassaes veeee 419, 000 316, 000 ” 103, 000
Catfish ....-.- :cnccseco-cneteeteees 143, 000 , 000 , 000
Squeteague. 82, 000 000 | sc ccenwecres
Buffalo 50, 000 28, 000 22,000
Drum (salt-water), or channel bass 39, 000 39,000: |evceseccoses
Groa ker sexes eiccicix sesenaenoea taco cle 28, 000 28,000
Sheepshead .....-.....-.--.------- i 18, 000
Drum, fresh-water 15,000
AMOth el. packtasecsstaaivesremadssdamenest 45,000
OYStels 2c cnwenceaeseacie occa ais 763, 000
SHrim Psses oveeeccacs seeeweginde sas Hasiieeente 213, 000
Skins—mink, muskrat, and otter..........-- 8, 000
Crabs, soft sefecs 21,000
UTOPTA DIN assis, 2cigi5.dc0:5 ic siSnie Aiciemiel ne PEE EES 21,000
Hides, alligator............--2-----+--------- 11,000
‘All other. -.......0c-ccscsssccsecseeeescnsees 24,000
Produets, by class of fisherves—The products of the
vessel fisheries of Louisiana are shown in Table 4, on
page 137, by species and by apparatus of capture.
These fisheries, all of which are in the Gulf of Mexico,
are of small proportions, their products representing
only 15 per cent of the total weight and 11 per cent of
the total value for the state. Of the product of the
vessel fisheries, oysters contributed 92 per cent in
weight and 84 per cent in value; the remainder com-
prised 18 species, all of which were taken in the
shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf. Shore and boat
fisheries were common to both the Gulf of Mexico and
the Mississippi River districts. This class of fisheries
formed the most important branch not only of the
Gulf fisheries but also of the fisheries of the state
as a whole, furnishing a total product of 39,344,000
pounds, valued at $1,395,000, or nearly six times
the quantity and over eight times the value of the
product of the vessel fisheries. Statistics as to the
products of the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf
fishing grounds are given in Table 5, on page 137.
Seventy-seven per cent of the total weight and 81
per cent of the total value of the products of the
Louisiana fisheries came from the shore and boat
fisheries of the Gulf district. Hence the leading
species for this district were the same as those in the
fisheries of the entire state. All the skins included
in the state product were from the shore and boat
fisheries of the Gulf district.
The following tabular statement shows the dis-
tribution, by species, of the value of products between
the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries:
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore and
Total. Pec oat
Tes: fisheries.
Totalicess ews gsee accuse belveacarut 2 $1, 569, 000 $174,000 | $1,395,000
aceieemiec ce eramae teat sees etmewe Kemeiete sina 419,000 16,000 404,000
Catfish... 2.1! 143)000 1,300 141; 000
Squeteague.... 2, 000 5,000 77,000
Buffalo........ 50, 000 () 50,000
39, 000 2,700 36, 000
sie alee 28,000 3; 300 24,000
Sheepshead ..........2..0..2...020. 2200s 18,000 2,000 16,000
Drum, fresh-water 15, 000 400 15,000
All other... .... 45,000 1,800 44,000
see a8 ates pares (este Sialapaiesjarcictons Gos ‘ap 146, 000 617,000
sigersleneSasporamansrdeiy 3, 8,800
Skins—mink, muskrat, and otter 98,000 ||....... ies 78 000
Grabs {S05 aspects coronas eis 21,000 |.---... 22... 21,000
TOMTADIN a vicveies ye cemighinge donee he nieein sudan 1, 000 2,900 18,000
Hides, alligator TL 0000 |lesssisicis nsec 000
AWOtHEE sos. kasanssastwcckanabrenens aces 24) 000 600 23,000
1 Less than $100.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The distribution
of the total value of products by apparatus of capture
for 1908, for the state as a whole and for the two classes
of fisheries, was as follows:
133
Lines were third in importance as apparatus of cap-
ture in the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf district
and in the fisheries of the state as a whole. They
ranked first in the Mississippi River fisheries, but
were not employed in the vessel fisheries. ‘T'wenty-
two species made up the catch by lines for the state;
yet one species, catfish, contributed 58 per cent of the
value of this product, as well as 50 per cent of the
value of the product of the shore and boat fisheries of
the Gulf. In 1897 the total catch by lines was
3,150,000 pounds, valued at $64,000, almost three-
fifths as much as the quantity reported in 1908, but
representing a value less than a third as great.
A great many other kinds of apparatus of capture
were used to take the remainder of the product, which
was valued at $203,000 and represented about one-
eighth of the value for the entire state. The most
important of these kinds of apparatus were fyke and
hoop nets, which took products valued at $32,000,
and shrimp nets and dip nets, which took products
valued at $19,000 and $15,000, respectively. To
minor apparatus $20,000 was credited.
The following tabular statement shows the distribu-
tion of the total value of fishery products, by apparatus
of capture, between the Gulf of Mexico and the
Mississippi River districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Gesses shor alta
Total. fisheries A boat
: sheries.
MOtall vce crass ekmatnanesdciouen vaso $1, 569, 000 $174,000 | $1,395,000
Dredges, tongs, etc.........-.--..-2+2-2220+ 763, 000 146,000 617,000
BIN OSs ainsacisisteccoriniewekyaisraitinsisigateatiats asiateerns 400,000 000 372,000
DINOS sis 2s ee - episernoed seaiaas sad nomsias pps pista 203,000 ||......---.-- 203, 000
Mink, muskrat, and otter traps. . 000! || oo 5 etic wee 98,000
Fyke and hoop nets 32,000 ||...---.----- 32,000
Shrimp nets. 22s: 2-2-6 we cee ees eee tee 195000! json cazncdes 19,000
Dip nets: 2.0 c sseccuecacwss 15,000 |/.......-.... 15, 000
ADI OUHONS 2, esas ease Saatyerietteciseieaaseieaare 41,000 100 41,000
Dredges, tongs, etc., were the principal apparatus of
capture used in both classes of fisheries of the Gulf dis-
trict. Except for avery small quantity of periwinkles,
oysters were the only species taken by this kind of
apparatus. The proportions given below for oysters
apply in full to the product taken with dredges,
tongs, etc.
The weight and value of the product taken by seines
made them second in importance as an apparatus of
capture in the entire state and in each branch of the
Gulf fisheries. Seines were used for taking 30 species,
chief of which were shrimp, squeteague (or sea trout),
and buffalo fish. The value of the catch by this form
of apparatus represented nine-tenths of the value of the
shrimp taken in the state, more than two-thirds of the
value of the squeteague, and more than one-half of the
value of the buffalo fish. Practically all of the shrimp
taken either in the vessel fisheries or in the shore and
boat fisheries of the Gulf district and practically all of
the squeteague taken in the vessel fisheries were
caught with seines. Of the squeteague product taken
by the shore and boat fisheries, 74 per cent of the
quantity was taken by seines. In 1897 seines showed
a product slightly heavier than that of tongs, but the
value of the catch was not relatively as important as
in 1908.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Gulfot | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
Total se ccosceasresericameatensisscveweed $1, 569, 000 |} $1, 448, 000 $121, 000
Dredges, tongs, etc.........-.. 763,000 763,000 |.....-..----
Be@INS 2040s trseictssiewacieimine , 000 83, 000 17,000
LiMOS ies caeeere see tiees op aecieoee 203, 000 141,000 61,000
Mink, muskrat, and otter traps 98, 000 98; 000! |e cicieiecicaceie
Fyke and hoop nets........ 32,000 7,800 24,000
Shrimp nets..................- 19,000 1,500 17,000
Dip Netsie ose eens teases ak 15,000 15,000: |eexcves vase
AM ORDOR. 3) 5 caves sine ereioee ea cenis tee ee sooses 41,000 39,000 2,200
Oysters—In 1908 the Louisiana oyster product
amounted to 3,650,000 bushels, or, computed on the
basis of contained meat, 25,553,000 pounds, valued at
$763,000. That this product represents a remarkable
growth over previous years is shown by the following
tabular statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
Per cent of total for
YEAR. all fishery products.
Quantit
(bushels). | Value.
Quantity
(bushels). Value.
3,650,000 | $763,000 55 49
2 959,000 | 433,000 39 61
842,000 | 300,000 28 45
295,000 | 200,000 29 51
The gain in the quantity of oysters between 1897 and
1908 constitutes two-thirds of the gain in the entire
fishery product of the state, while for the period from
134
1880 to 1908it constitutes about three-fifths of the total
gain. The price of oysters, however, has fallen to such
an extent that, although the quantity in 1908 was
more than three and one-half times as large as in 1897
and about four and one-half times as large as in 1890,
the value of the product increased only 76 per cent in
the former period and 154 per cent in the latter.
Oysters were reported only from the Gulf district.
Here the shore and boat fisheries took 2,763,000 bush-
els, valued at $617,000, and the vessel fisheries 888,000
bushels, valued at $146,000. While the ‘‘relaying” of
oysters in salt water in order to improve their flavor was
quite extensive in 1880, according to the Geographical
Review of the Fisheries, very little oyster planting was
done at that date. Although the planting seems to
have reached a considerable extent by 1897, the first col-
lected data are those of the present census. In 1908
over one-third of the market oysters came from pri-
vate areas. As the price of oysters from private areas,
owing to their superior flavor, is much higher than that
of oysters from public areas, the product from the
former areas, though much smaller in quantity, was
nearly as valuable as the product from the latter. In
the case of seed oysters conditions were reversed, the
yield of the public areas, which formed only about six-
sevenths of the quantity of seed oysters, representing
thirteen-fourteenths of the value.
The practice of relaying mature oysters to improve
their flavor probably accounts in part for the high
average price of the seed oysters taken from the public
areas in the shore and boat fisheries, as compared with
the price of the seed oysters in the same class of fish-
eries taken from private areas.
Shrimp.—Ninety-six per cent of the shrimp taken
and 88 per cent of their value were credited to the shore
and boat fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico district. Of
the remaining product, the fisheries of the Mississippi
River and its tributaries furnished a little more than
two-fifths of the weight and nearly two-thirds of the
value. The growth in the shrimp product within the
period for which statistics are available has been very
irregular, as is shown in the following tabular state-
ment:
1The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, sec-
tion 2, p. 580.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
SHRIMP PRODUCT.
YEAR. quantile
uanti
(pounds). Value.
TOR i pepe eee neers etale el ostcictcays ae eres eon opoeeiinstsee 8,581,000 | $213,000
81,000
91,000
42,000
Catfish.—In order of value catfish ranked third in
the state as a whole and in the Gulf district, and first
in the Mississippi River district, where it contributed
39 per cent of the quantity and 45 per cent of the value
of the entire product. More than one-third of the
value of the entire catfish haul came from the Missis-
sippi River fisheries, and with the exception of a very
small quantity reported by vessel fisheries all of the
remainder was from the shore and boat fisheries of the
Gulf. The species has shared in the general increase
shown by the products of the Louisiana fisheries. In
1880 it was not reported separately, but was included
in ‘‘Other species;” in 1897 the yield was 1,950,000
pounds, valued at $47,000; and in 1908 the product
was more than twice as large and more than three
times as valuable.
Squeteaque, or sea trout.—This species was taken only
in the Gulf district, 92 per cent of the quantity and 94
per cent of the value being reported by the shore and
boat fishermen. The weight of the catch taken hag
nearly doubled, and its value has trebled since 1897.
In 1880 the squeteague was included under the head
of ‘Other species.”
Buffalo jish—Buffalo fish, like catfish, were taken
but little in vessel fisheries. In 1908 they ranked third
among the fishery products of the state and second
among the products of the Mississippi River district.
Over half of the weight of the buffalo-fish catch was
reported by the Mississippi River district, but the
Gulf shore and boat catch, less by about 40,000 pounds,
had a greater value. In 1880 buffalo fish were included
under the head of ‘“‘Other species,’”’ and in 1897 they
furnished a product which had only about one-eighth
of the weight and one-tenth of the value of that of 1908.
Mink skins.—This product, which ranked fifth with
respect to value at the census of 1908, was not reported
at prior canvasses.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 135
TaBLE 1.—LOUISIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
sence: Seines, Lines. Fy. oe hoop | Trammel nets. Gill nets. All vee
Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity Quanti Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. ana Value. (pounds). Value.
Totalweusscide see 46, 106, 000 |$1, 569,000 ||12, 496, 000 |2400, 000 5,329,000 {$203,000 |1, 758,000 |$32,000 | 71,000 | $5,800 | 24,000] $900 |26,427,000 |$928, 000
Fish:
Black bass............... 40,000 3,300 9, 700 800 s
Bluefish................. 2,800 100 2;700 100, Veit oo
Bream, or sunfish........ 40,000 2,200 21,000 1,200
Buffalo fish.............. 2, 626, 000 50,000 || 1,226,000 | 29,000 | 372,
Cal Dison weceneveraceans 12, 000 1, 000 10, 000 800 2,000
Catfish vesicctccccatccacd 4,405,000 | 143,000 |} 442,000 | 14,000 |3, 617,000
Crappie........-......... 16, 000 6, 400 7,000 )
Crevall6.....2........... 24, 000 1, 400 5, 100 100
Croaker.... 369, 000 28, 000 259,000 | 18,000 | 108,000
Drum, fresh-water. . 845, 000 15, 000 118, 000 3,600 | 311,000
Drum (salt-water), chan-
nel bass, or redfish... . - 716,000 39, 000 538, 000 (?)
Flounders 71, 000 6,000 |} 16,000} 1,100] 38,000} 3,500 ]..........]...-.---} 16,000} 1,400} 100} (2) {......2.-L]-2....-.
let. . 133, 000 5, 600
Paddlefish 132, 000 5,000 |} 99,000] 3,700] 21,000); 800) 2,000} 100 }..........).....-..| 10,000) 400 |--....2...).2..202.
COVIEES :...c2cetedsu sears 5, 500 4,400: || 6,500") 45400 Ntsc eerees|eavenecn| seam deshes|sacasvetlecke cuenels roceead|pauamseced| seceneet ea eamee seeliasmemee
Pompano... F400}. 200 |[ 1008). TOO Nees tee zpcss | yewvieecnl| encwcn ses sleeeed Soe|sisaseseres|e oe ex ees| sexs veness|eaecsens|seessepaesleseeeese
Sheepshead.............. 249, 000 18,000
Spanish mackerel........ 4,900 8002] 48900. 500! Vs sesetsce| sememince| ozaciseets eeetee eet amsacees [avs onetilecoemccnee | Seeecues |sccceisimce| ew siecem
Squeteague, or sea trout..| 1,103,000 82, 000
Suckers 5,000 100
Yellowtail 61,000 3, 200
152; 000 5,100
4, 500 4, 500
7,800 2,900
21,000 9,600
, 600 3, 500
213, 000 19, 000
21, 000 12, 000
7, 800 4, 800
o) ©)
QICAS occ. s oe teat oeades:s 313, 363, 000 341,000 313,363,000 | 341, 000
Oysters, market, from pri-
vate AT@aS. . 2-2. s eee eae 47,399, 000 334.000 47,399,000 | 334, 000
Oysters, seed from public
OICAS 5c 24 oe FS 5 4,091, 000 82,000 54,091,000 | 82,000
Oysters, seed, from private
oe ws ees hiker thvaibie denn 6 700, 000 6, 200 6 700, 000 6, 200
Periwinkles..........-..-..-- 200 (2) 200 (2)
Hides, alligator..........-... 7 110,000
Skins, mink..-..-.....-.---- 8 20, 000
Skins, muskrat.._........-.- 8 40, 000
Skins, Otters sic cciesceis oe3 ceca 10 1,100
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 25,553,000 pounds, valued at $763,000; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 60,000 pounds, valued at $98,000;
shrimp nets, 233,000 pounds, valued at $19,000; dip nets, 167,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; firearms, 101,000 pounds, valued at $9,900; crawfish pots, 81,000 pounds, valued
at $2,900; pound and trap nets, 36,000 pounds, valued at $800; cast nets, 4,200 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 191,000 pounds, valued at $20,000
2 Less than $100. 6 584,000 bushels. 8 39,000 skins.
3 1,909,000 bushels. 6 100,000 bushels. 9 119,000 skins.
41,057,000 bushels. 7 22,000 hides. 10 600 skins.
136 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 2.—LOUISIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Lines. Fyke ane HOOP Trammel nets. Gill nets. All other apparatus.1
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Totalocsccscescean 42,302,000 |$1, 448, 000 ||12,114,000 | $383,000 /3, 592,000 /$141,000 | 296,000 | $7,800 71,000 | $5,800 14,000 $600 | 26,216,000 | $909,000
Fish:
Black bass........-- 12,000 1,100 8, 800
Bluefishw.22j.22:05+ 2, 800 100 2,800
Bream, or sunfish. . 5 1,900 21,000
Buffalo fish......... 1, 293, 000 28,000 |) 1,022,000 23,000 | 254,000
Catfish. .......-.--- 2, 937,000 89, 000 362,000 11,000 |2,343,000 | 71,000 | 232,000
Crevallé............ 24,000 1,400 5,100 100 19,000 DOO! | 3d, teas vesal|cjsisiesereidac | Cisiafasecoa seal siolgaiatass bercie eteierelewiel fie ie tiaies | aioiast aeieiiselleticbe ae geet
Croaker............- 369, 000 28,000 259, 000 18,000 | 108,000 95000! | 22 cesazeelleserereireeed 2, 200 200 500 is 100 (2)
Drum, fresh-water. . 265, 000 6, 900 116, 000 3,600 | 102,000 2,500 47,000 B00) || oesatee evel eeccecess 1,100 2) |e asesornlanalmenenand or
Drum (salt-water),
channel bass, or
redfish ......-.... 716,000 39,000 538, 000
Flounders........-- 71,000 6, 000 16, 000
Mullet.............- 133, 000 5, 600 106,000
Paddlefish. .. 48, 000 1, 27,000
Pompano.... : 1, 100 100 1,100
Sheepshead........- 249,000 18,000 y
Spanish mackerel... 4,900 500 4,900
Squeteague, or sea
t 2
38, 000 4,500
102, 000 2,900
40, 000 9, 600
77, 000 2,000
70, 000 2,100
29, 000 12,000
133, 000 4,800
100 @)
Oysters, market, from
public areas. ......... 313, 363, 000 341, 000
Oysters, market, from
private areas......-...
Oysters, seed, from pub-
iseneieees|evexoves 313, 363, 000 341,000
Scetause shearers del seeded liewses coecleeseeeea saceece celeste 47,399, 000 334, 000
47,399, 000 $34, 000: || scrneemw ews |poreceetss|leeeedivacsd
i 5 4,091, 000 825.000. cies cet | Poser ahi emet amare |teeearin: [Hemmer dee waace | steer eens a|hewmases|sevieacicedetaingeed 5 4,091,000 82, 000
6 700, 000 65200 |ls.2. des wcnda seen saatae Seeman eed labace mets) cee seaccal ebeesnce| aceme betwee adamese| Sdaedeenal Samcees 6 700, 000 6, 200
200 200)
Hides, alligator......... 7 110,000 7110,000| 11,000
Skins; mink... “-] 8 20,000 820,000} 77,000
Skins, muskrat... “| 940,000 2 40,000 | 16,000
Skins; otter............- 19 1) 100 1 1, 100 4,700
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 25,553,000 pounds, valued at $763,000; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 60,000 pounds, valued at $98,000;
dip nets, 167,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; firearms, 101,000 pounds, valued at $9,900; crawfish pots, 74,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; shrimp nets, 64,000 pounds, valued at
$1,500; cast nets, 4,200 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 191,000 pounds, valued at $20,000
2 Less than $100. 6 584,000 bushels. 8 39,000 skins.
31,909,000 bushels. 6 100,000 bushels. 9 119,000 skins.
41,057,000 bushels. 7 22,000 hides. 10 600 skins.
TaBLe 3.—LOUISIANA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
exeias: Lines. Fyke and hoop nets. Seines. Gill nets. All other apparatus?
Quantity : Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit uantit
(pounds). | Vue. || Gounds). | Value. | Gounds). | V@™e | Goundsy. | Value. (pounds. Value. Caen ash Value.
TOA cio. segccsecatesen cs 3,803,000 | $121,000 1,738,000 | $61,000 | 1,463,000 | $24,000 382,000 | $17,000 10, 000 $400 211,000 $19, 000
Fish:
Black Vas6 ic. ceseervasseaes 28, 000 2, 200 26, 000 B, 200 Versrscawwncalsawanecoan 1,000 100
Bream, or sunfish. x 5,000 200 5,000 CID Passa since onsines wiswma x ato ail w penta ctee vee apo oene See
Buffalo fish....... --| 1,333,000 22,000 118, 000 1, 500 981, 000 15, 000 204, 000 5
Carp, German... me 12, 000 1,000 2, 000 200 Wwe comwtcand eeagee ered: 10,000 800
Catfishis os exedecasseeecicceze 1, 467, 000 1, 274, 000 47,000 106, 000 3, 500 80, 000 2,800
CYAPDIC sec asee hem aessisece
Drum, fresh-water. E
Paddlefish.........
1 All taken in the shore and boat fisheries.
2 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Shrimp nets, 169,000 pounds, valued at $17,000; crawfish pots, 6,200 pounds, valued at $1,000; and pound and trap nets, 36,000
ra a =
ess than is
4
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 137
Taste 4.—LOUISIANA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Dredges, tongs, etc. Seines. Gill nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Otel... veacasemued a ceeab sate Sadek deen vananey mea esacie 6,762,000 | $174,000 6,215,000 | $146, 000 545,000 $28, 000 1,300 $100
sian: tfish
BLLSH 5.5/0 sictsinsssicniaweranduams tematic sjadecss iakcacen see
CRO OT aoa ioparere wn et ale mesa ticie or acchisarsaars ds cteragagnoiie diets Gesjoateess mr ny 3/300
18,000
Drum (salt-water), channel bass, or redfish 58, 000
WIOUN Ors rai. 2d 2 37 ws ators scree cee ceasing Peers aw wiek aieieiie ser 2} 800
MUNG a. soe idee neenen Netnran eA ade olde eer eae hy
Sheepshead...................... 32 000
Si peaene: or sea trout 92; 000
Al 2, 100
sree hard 4,100
y 205,000
Aero Basic 3,000
les 17,000
Oysters, market, from public areas.........22......22222222.. 8 3,559, 000 81,000 3 3,559,000
Oysters, market, from private areas..............22..2020200- 41,578, 000 56, 000 41,578,000
Oysters, seed, from publicaress .. sas<ecmnrssceecuses cases ce 5 1,011,000 8, 100 6 1,011, 000
Oysters, seed, from private OMA soe de co eee 6 68,000 600 6 68,000
1 Less than 100 pounds. 2 Less than $100.
3 508,000 bushels.
4 225,000 bushels. 5 144,000 bushels.
6 9,700 bushels.
TaBLeE 5.—LOUISIANA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
; Fyke and hoo: . All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. Lines. y nets. P | Trammel nets. Gill nets. ratus.! APP
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total....-..-.-------- 35, 541,000 |$1, 274,000 ||11, 568, 000 |$355, 000 |3, 592,000 |$141,000 | 296,000 | $7,800 | 71,000 | $5,800 | 13,000 | $500 |20,001,000 |$763, 000
Fish
1,100
100
1,900
28, 000
88, QOO
1, 400
te 24, 000
Drum, fresh-water... .-. 248,000 6, 500
Drum (salt-water), chan-
nel bass, or redfish. . 658, 000 36,000
Flounders........------ 68, 000 5, 800
Mullet: (oscccssscoasate 118, 000 5, 100
Paddlefish. 48,000 1, 400
Pompano... Si 100
Sheepshead.......------ 217,000 16, 000
Spanish mackerel......- 4,000 400
Squeteague, or sea trout. 1,011,000 77,000
Yellowtail. ....-...----- 4, 000 3, 200
All other. 4,300
Frogs......---- 4,500 4,500
Crabs, hard.... 7,500 2,900
Crabs, soft.....-. 21,000 9, 600
wiish........----- 2,000 2). 000
Shrimp..........----.-----+ 187,000 2, 100
Terrapin.......-. a 38, 000 18,000 12) 000
Turtles.......... 7,400 4, 800
Clams, hard.......---.----- @ @)
Oysters, market, from pub-
BONS. 20. aie exaree s vesicie €9°R05:000;|: 260/000, Heviscecaisene|oacvery teswaecess| uae cutind)wusscceins |osemintenl Oxagamede [etamewed baceem ete veaacies 4 9,805,000 | 260, 000
Oysters, snaniehs from pri-
vate areas..........-.---- 8°, 821;,000)| S78 1000: le ccacs ae callesadesics |arcemansas|s save weil suiciteiecine[aadanaesfenede adeat| pacrseaiae fsesadein ad] Sa ateieide 5 5,821,000 | 278,000
ce) tee eed, from public
a We Bentoeeatass P enens 6 3,080, 000 745000 |\esie seecaiseas cl some cien| pemnctsiorsl ociaws wwe | evens eens piacere s lasisisemermiin | saemicdac [saat pene tee tere 6 3,080,000 | 74,000
Oo ysters seed, from private
te peels 7 632, 000 BE GOOH Il sehach rapes wd feces chet tee | siderarsdsss gal yepSate Ace escheed eanons | easczra eel indie oeas|| Hers eal eeormeceae mesatere 7 632,000 | 5, 600
200 200
8 110, 000
10 40, 000
111,100
1 Includes apparatus, with catch,
as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 19,338,000 pounds, valued at $617,000; mink, muskrat, and otter trap:
000; dip nets, 167,000 ‘pounds, valued at $14,000; firearms, 101,000 pounds, valued at $9,900; crawfish ots, 7 74,000 pounds, valued at $1,900;
$98,
valued at $1,500; cast nets, 4,200 pounds, valued at, $200; and minor apparatus, re ,000
1,401,000 bushels.
2 Less than $100. ae, ppd
el
4 Less than 100 pounds.
000 pounds, valued at $20,000
ushels
7 40. 600 po bhehels
8 22,000 hides.
9 39,000 skins.
s, 60,000 pounds, valued at
shrimp nets, 64,000 pounds,
10 119,000 skins.
1 600’skins.
138
MAINE.
The fishing industry of Maine is confined to sea and
shore fisheries along the Atlantic coast; but because
of the peculiarly ragged and uneven coast line and the
many outlying islands, the state possesses special ad-
vantages among the states in which commercial fishing
is carried on. In the total value of fishery products
Maine ranked second among the New England states
in 1908 and seventh among all the states; in the value
of lobsters, soft clams, and herring caught it ranked
first, and in the value of cod, haddock, and hake
second.
The following statement presents a summary of the
most important statistics for the fisheries of Maine in
1908:
Number of persons employed...............---.------- 6, 861
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit................. $1, 669, 000
Apparatus of capture............-.2.---------+--- 576, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............. 166, 000
Value of products ....2.. 22. ccenceeecciet sees ceeeeess 3, 257, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The principal
statistics of the Maine fisheries for 1908, in comparison
with the returns for certain earlier years for which can-
vasses were made, are given in the following tabular
statement:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
loyed
ploye
YEAR. | oxclusive Vesselsand| 4 ypara- :
boats, Quantit
of shores- Total. including tus of (pounds Value.
men. outfit. capture. .
1908 - =<: 6,857 || $2,245,000 || $1,669,000 | $576,000 173,843,000 )$3, 257,000
1905... ... 7,442 1,606, 000 1,179,000 | 428,000 124, 724,000 | 2,386,000
1902 se ssa 9,207 1,732,000 1, 255, 000 476,000 242,390,000 | 2,919,000
1898. ..... 8,717 1, 434, 000 1,006,000 | 429,000 123,405,000 | 2,655,000
1889...... 8,885 1, 475, 000 1,051,000 | 424,000 129, 560,000 | 2,111,000
The total investment in equipment—vessels and
their outfits, boats, and apparatus of capture—in-
creased by more than 50 per cent from 1889 to 1908,
being $1,475,000 at the earlier date and $2,245,000 at
the latter. An increase in each of the items helped to
make up the increase in the total, the value of the
apparatus of capture increasing from $424,000 to
$576,000 and the value of vessels and boats from
$1,051,000 to $1,669,000. The increase in these
items, however, was not uninterrupted, for the value
of apparatus of capture fell in 1905 below the values
reported for 1898 and 1902, and the value of vessels
and boats in 1898 was less than in 1889, and in 1905
less than in 1902. It may be noted that the invest-
ment in 1880 was $1,814,000, which is larger than that
reported at any subsequent canvass prior to 1908.
In the report for 1880 the values of the separate
products as sold by the fishermen are not given. The
following tabular statement, however, presents sta-
tistics showing the value of the leading products for
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
the years 1908, 1902, 1898, and 1889, arranged in the
order of their value in 1908:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
SPECIES.
1908 1902 1898 1889
MOG. cies ecbutuncnacees ta $3, 257,000 | $2,919,000 | $2,655,000 | $2,111,000
Lobsters: <<. csccscscrsaccmese ves 1,269,000 | 1,066,000 993, 000 574,000
Odie sseacetune ris censaristmeee 439,000 377,000 314,000 437,000
HOMring). siocsnasssisisiesioiiwcinta sorte 420,000 510, 000 000 240,000
Clams... 251,000 194,000 323, 000 201,000
Haddock. j0ss00 seseeeceses sees 3, 000 125, 000 132,000 103, 000
AICO ase rape Sisinie se cm Nes eee 168, 000 145, 000 134,000 89,000
SCAODS s ccicicss as Seecasinnesece 95, 000 14,000 15,000 19,000
POND Che xoscisic.cresdvayciercjessisisiess duct 6 75,000 49,000 19,000 32,000
SMC bi xic traced oeeecaeee eScae 65,000 103,000 139, 000 75,000
Swordfish ccs seeteceteses Socet , 000 45,000 , 000 27,000
Shad....... 42,000 29,000 20,000 19,000
QUSK wo cisteoesersissscrsismrersameisisis sree 32,000 34,000 14,000 6, 200
Mackerel oi. 2.0:sneciccwei soa.csrecu 31,000 101,000 98,000 88,000
Eels. 2222: 25,000 13, 000 , 000 8,700
Alewives.. . 18,090 22,000 25,000 30,000
Hialibubea. cis vocdecesent sects, 15,000 14,000 22,000 36, 000
24,000 78, 000 85,000 127,000
In each of the years for which statistics are shown,
lobsters, cod, herring, clams, haddock, and hake con-
stituted the six principal fishery products of the state,
except that in 1898 smelt ranked fifth and haddock
seventh. These six species contributed 78 per cent
of the aggregate value of the fishery product of the
state in 1889, 81 per cent in 1898, 83 per cent in 1902,
and 86 per cent in 1908.
The value of the lobster product increased about
73 per cent from 1889 to 1898 and 28 per cent from
1898 to 1908. The cod product decreased in value
about 28 per cent from 1889 to 1898, but during the
following ten years recovered this loss, so that in
1908 the value was about the same as in 1889. The
value of the herring catch in 1908 showed a decrease
of about 18 per cent, as compared with 1902, but an
increase of about 60 per cent, as compared with 1898
or 1889. The value of the clam product in 1908 was
29 per cent greater than in 1902 and 25 per cent
greater than in 1889, but was less than in 1898. The
haddock catch fluctuated in value throughout the
period covered by the statistics, although in 1908 the
value was more than twice as great as in 1889 and
nearly twice as great as in 1902. The value of hake
showed an increase at each canvass.
Of the less important varieties, shad alone shows
an increase in value at each successive canvass. Ale-
wives declined steadily in value, while scallops and
halibut decreased in value until 1902, and then gained.
Pollack and eels show increases from 1902 to 1908;
smelt, swordfish, cusk, and mackerel show declines.
The most marked decline is in the value of the mack-
erel catch, which decreased 69 per cent between 1902
and 1908.
Persons employed.—The total number of persons
employed in the fisheries of the state in 1908 was
6,861, distributed as follows:
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
139
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
Pro-
CLASS. prie-
ae Sala-
an b Wage-
Total.|| inde- | Ted eathe Total. || Sa! | wages.
pend- loves ers. Eigse
ent |Ployees.
fisher-
men.
Total......... 6,861 || 15,004 3 | 1,854 |} $619,000 |} $1,200 | 2 $618, 000
Vessel fisheries aeoteiavl 1,378 391 1 986 365, 000 500 365, 000
Transporting ves-
SOS aise Aevsinaiss Say 396 (6): Ve paceeetee 332 150,000 ||........ 150, 000
Shore and boat ,
fisheries.......... 5,083 4,549 2 532 103,000 700 102, 000
Shoresmen......... 4 Wl sseaiss'senliveteerae 4 Lg JOD! lincrevencse 1,100
1 Exclusive of 178 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $28,000.
Nearly three-fourths of the persons employed in
fishing industries in the state were engaged in the
shore and boat fisheries, and nearly nine-tenths of
those engaged in the shore and boat fisheries were
proprietors and independent fishermen. Of the total
number engaged in the shore and boat fisheries, 534,
or 11 per cent, were employed by others. The follow-
ing tabular statement shows the number of persons
employed, exclusive of shoresmen, in the fisheries of
Maine during the years named:
PERSONS EMPLOYED, EXCLUSIVE OF SHORESMEN.
CLASS.
1908 1905 | 1902 1898 | 1889 { 1880
Totals. scccncesccacesce nce 6,857 | 7,442 | 9,207] 8,717 | 8,885 8,110
Vessel fisheries........--.------ 1,378 | 1,126] 2,017} 1,734} 2,515 3,630
Transporting vessels.......----- 396 330 310 213 165. | cease oe
Shore and boat fisheries. 5,083 | 5,986 | 6,880] 6,770} 6,205 4,480
There has been a general, though to some extent
interrupted, decrease since 1880 in the number of per-
sons employed. The total number employed was
smallest in 1908, and the number employed in shore and
boat fisheries was smaller in that year than at any other
time since 1880. Both for the fisheries of the state as
a whole and for the shore and boat fisheries the largest
number of persons employed was reported in 1902.
For vessel fisheries the largest number of employees
was reported in 1880 and the smallest number in
1905, although the number in 1902 was larger than
that at any canvass since 1889. Contrary to the
general tendency toward a decrease in the number of
persons employed apparent in each of the other branches
of the industry, the number employed on transport-
ing vessels shows a small increase from year to year.
Equipment and other capital.—The following table
gives statistics of the equipment and of other capital
employed:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL:
1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. Number. | Tonnage.
TOtal csscnypeed canace cosines seaeneReeieee $2; 411 000 iacsctareccclencsemeane
Vessels, including outfit...
HiShing: ..ccsa0ss vacmeenwe sa cee ceuTh ete
Steam and motor. .
Tramsporting.......--..
Steam and motor...
BOOT: ca wenigoaness x
Steam and motor
Apparatus of capture...
Vessel fisheries..........
Shore and boat fisheries. .
In 1908 the total investment in vessels, boats, and
apparatus of capture was $2,245,000. Of this amount,
$1,007,000 represented the investment in vessels and
their outfits and $662,000 the investment in boats.
A prominent feature of the Maine fisheries is the
large number of small craft. The value of the boats
employed in 1908 represented 27 per cent of all capital
invested, the value of steam and motor boats alone
forming 23 per cent. The investment in power craft
of all kinds, including vessels and boats with their out-
fits, aggregated $1,245,000, or 52 per cent of all capital
invested.
The statistics for boats show a material increase in
the number and a large increase in the value, as com-
pared with the returns for earlier years made by the
Bureau of Fisheries. The increase in value seems to
be due to the increasing use of motor boats of small
tonnage. For 1905 the report of the Bureau of
Fisheries showed only 798 gasoline boats (including
one steamer), with a value of $233,000, while in 1908
the steam and motor boats numbered 2,272, with a
total value of $559,000. The capital invested in craft
and apparatus of capture together was nearly equal
for the two classes of fisheries, aggregating $1,087,000
for the vessel fisheries and $1,158,000 for the shore and
boat fisheries.
Lobster and eel pots, which constituted the prin-
cipal apparatus used in the lobster industry, far ex-
ceeded in number any other kind of apparatus used
in the fishing industries of Maine. Pound and trap
nets were used principally in the shore and boat
fisheries, no pound nets and only 11 trap nets being
used in the vessel fisheries. Of the 511 seines used,
412 were reported for the shore and boat fisheries.
140
The following tabular statement shows the number
of various kinds of apparatus reported. No returns
were made of the number of lines, dredges, tongs, ete.
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Used in—
KIND.
Aobh Vessel Shore and
fisheries. boat
fisheries.
Bag mets a iccsiciisic civisidaniewlaarcisse seca meaistear stds at 156 3 153
Cutinet 1618. bcc caine sowwncnne scsvahemeneeewee DU cmememamners 11
UD MOIS: osis eo eet eee tee sates cea laieeeee yer 657 2 655
Firearms .....0022225< (Cin | ener ee 6
Fyke and hoop nets............-..2-...202222. [a | eee 4
GGT TC 6S ecg or noises inte ess 3 tysteee geeceierbaat ee 1,980 711 1,269
Harpoons, spears, etc. 2 see Mohantse ee 555 47. 80
Lobster and eel pots. - Lida tote! see 176, 365 15,594 160, 771
Pound and trap nets...............22.22222.2. 655 11 644
BOING «rca ccwsee sye0 teu cansas se aemmawwewas wee 511 99 412
Products, by species.—The fisheries of the state of
Maine yielded, in 1908, 173,843,000 pounds of products,
with a value of $3,257,000. Along the coast sunken
ledges and rocks, the habitat of various marine ani-
mals that serve as food for many of the most important
food fishes, are the resort of the cod, haddock, hake
and other species known as “ground fish.” The
rocky character of the coast makes it especially suitable
for the growth of lobsters, and the breeding of them
is carried on in practically every locality along the
coast and has become by far the most important
branch of the fishing industry of the state. In 1908
the lobster product contributed 39 per cent of the total
value of all fishery products of the state. In point
of value the cod product ranked next, but this fur-
nished only 13 per cent of the value of all fishery
products, or little more than one-third as much as the
lobster product. Herring ranked third in value, the
large number of these fish caught being utilized mainly
in sardine canneries and smokehouses. The soft-
clam industry is also important and its products ranked
fourth in value, among those of the fisheries of the
state; but oysters thus far have not been successfully
propagated in the waters of Maine. The other impor-
tant classes of product, in order of value reported,
were haddock, hake, scallop, pollack, and smelt. The
products distributed by species and by apparatus of
capture are shown in Table 1, on page 143.
Products, by class of fisheries.—The distribution of
the value of products between the vessel fisheries and
the shore and boat fisheries is given in the next tab-
ular statement.
The products in detail, by species and apparatus of
capture, are presented for the vessel fisheries in Table
3,0n page 145, and for the shore and boat fisheries in
Table 2, on page 144.
The vessel fisheries, while of considerable impor-
tance, are much less extensive than the shore and boat
fisheries. In 1908 the catch reported for the former
was 52,724,000 pounds, valued at $898,000, or about
30 per cent of the total quantity and 28 per cent of the
total value for the state. The shore and boat fisheries
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
reported a catch of 121,119,000 pounds, valued at
$2,359,000, or about 70 per cent of the total quantity
and 72 per cent of the total value for the state.
In the vessel fisheries the combined catch of cod,
herring, haddock, hake, swordfish, and lobsters was
valued at $742,000, or 83 per cent of the total value of
the products of those fisheries. In the shore and boat
fisheries the value of the lobster catch represented 48
per cent of the total value. The value of the fish
proper constituted 80 per cent of the total value in the
case of vessel fisheries and 39 per cent in the case of
shore and boat fisheries.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Vessel Shore and
Total. : boat
fisheries. fisheries,
DotA cncmevenemaes mens somencan saya $3, 257,000 $898,000 | $2,359,000
1,631,000 717,000 914, 000
439, 000 238, 000 201,000
420, 000 95, 000 , 000
243, 000 133, 000 111, 000
168, 000 100, 000 8, 000
75, 000 , 000 39, 000
65,000 2,400 , 000
44,000 43,000 600
42,000 10,000 32, 000
32, 000 24, 000 8, 000
, 000 19, 000 , 000
25, 000 3,700 21,000
18,000 1,500 ;
15, 000 11, 000 3,700
14, 000 700 13,000
1, 269, 000 134, 000 1, 136, 000
251, 000 4,300 247,000
95, 000 38, 000 58, 000
9,600 5, 100 4,500
Products, by apparatus of capture —The following
tabular statement shows the distribution of the value
of the fishery products taken by each kind of appa-
ratus for the state as a whole and for each class of
fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. ieeat Shore and
Total. fisheries boat
* | fisheries.
DN renstees hues vamanwas \Seadednaeeaeee $3, 257,000 $898,000 | $2,359,000
Lobster and eel pots 1,290, 000 137,000 1, 153, 000
TAINS sen aoe witrarsinieran are nealanians 3% pe Saieuateis s Suis 953, 000 529, 000 424,000
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. Ae 357,000 11,000 346,000
Dredges, tongs, rakes, hoes, ete.............. 347,000 42, 00 305,000
BeineSs.- c.cisccacyonstis didi atermnsisln cl samen ieaaraees 171, 000 108, 000 63, 000
Gill nets, drift nets, etc... = 6, 000 27,000 29,000
Harpoons, spears, etc..............2..-- 48,000 43,000 5, 300
Bag Nts «exc. scresaeeeiiteices Sac n init 22,000 600 21,000
Dip Me tS oes secceistiis die seneiesnrese sctene tenis 12, 000 300 12,000
MU OCMO Too regicissininsiaieisiencinsd Aas asaeee eee 2,200 400 1,800
In consequence of the fact that the lobster is the
most important product of the fisheries of Maine, the
products caught by means of eel and lobster pots
show the largest value. Lines ranked second in
value of the catch. They are used very generally
along the coast of Maine, and nearly all the important
species of fish, except herring, shad, and such large
fish as sturgeon and swordfish, are caught by this
apparatus.
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs followed lines in
importance as apparatus of capture. All of these
FISHERIES,
were used principally in the shore and boat fisheries,
only about 3 per cent of the value of the product
taken by them in 1908 coming from vessel fisheries.
Herring contributed more than four-fifths of the value
of the catch by these forms of apparatus.
Dredges, tongs, rakes, hoes, and similar apparatus
ranked fourth in importance as measured by the value
of the product taken; although used to some extent in
vessel fisheries, they were employed chiefly in shore
and boat fisheries for taking clams. All of the scallops
taken in the state, valued at $95,000, and a few
oysters were also secured by apparatus of this kind.
Seines were used extensively in the vessel fisheries,
which reported nearly two-thirds of the total value
of the catch made by this apparatus. The principal
species caught by seines were herring, pollack, smelt,
mackerel, and shad.
Gill nets and drift nets were used to nearly the
same extent in vessel fisheries and shore and boat
fisheries. The total catch taken by these nets weighed
1,404,000 pounds and was valued at $56,000. It
included mackerel, herring, shad, cod, and smelt, with
a combined value of $52,000, and six other species
ageregating in value $3,600.
The principal species taken with harpoons and spears
was the swordfish. By these implements were also
captured seals, from which came skins and oil; por-
poises, taken for their oil; and eels.
Lobster.—Measured by value of products lobster
were the most important fishery product of the state in
1908, and, although the weight of the total catch was
less than in 1902, by 2,234,000 pounds, or 18 per cent,
its value was greater by $203,000, or 16 percent. Itis
interesting to note that the total catch in 1880 was
14,234,000 pounds—a much larger quantity than in
1908—but its value to the fishermen was only $269,000.
Lobsters are taken principally in the shore and boat
fisheries. In 1908 this class of fisheries reported
8,898,000 pounds, valued at $1,136,000, whereas only
1,031,000 pounds, with a value of $134,000, were taken
in the vessel fisheries.
Cod.—The catch of cod ranked next to the lobster
product in value and was the largest in quantity
reported for any of the so-called ‘‘ground fish” (cod,
haddock, hake, halibut, pollack, and cusk). In all,
20,013,000 pounds of cod were caught, with a value of
$439,000, or 13 per cent of the value of all fishery
products of the state. The catch in 1908 represents
an increase of about 15 per cent in weight and nearly
17 per cent in value over the catch in 1902, which
amounted to 17,390,000 pounds, valued at $377,000.
The product of 1908 was almost equally divided be-
tween the vessel and the shore and boat fisheries, the
quantity taken in the former being 9,951,000 pounds
and that taken in the latter 10,063,000 pounds, or
only 1 per cent more. Yet the value of the lesser
catch of the vessel fisheries, $238,000, was 15 per cent
greater than the value of the catch from the shore
BY STATES. 141
and boat fisheries, which was $201,000. It is of
interest to note in this connection that in 1902 the
Bureau of Fisheries reported a large difference in the
amount of cod taken in shore and boat fisheries as
compared with vessel fisheries, the product of the
latter being 12,621,000 pounds, valued at $286,000,
and that of the former only 4,769,000 pounds, valued
at $91,000. Nearly 87 per cent of the catch was sold
fresh and the remainder was salted. Practically
the entire product was taken by hand and trawl
lines.
Herring.—Herring fishing is important in the state
of Maine, and this fish in 1908 ranked first among the
fishery products of the state in quantity and third in
value. The value of the product represented 13 per
cent of the value of the aggregate product for the
state. Since 1902 there has been a decrease of
69,419,000 pounds, or nearly 43 per cent, in the total
catch, and of $90,000, or nearly 18 per cent, in its
value. The herring fishery is principally a shore
fishery; in 1908, 75,638,000 pounds of herring were
taken in the shore and boat fisheries, with a value of
$325,000, or over 77 per cent of the total value of the
herring taken in Maine. Ninety-six per cent of the
catch was sold fresh and the remainder salted or
smoked. The greater part of the total quantity—
66,826,000 pounds, valued at $287,000, or over 68 per
cent of the total value of herring—was taken in pound
nets, trap nets, and weirs. About 27 per cent of the
value represents the value of the catch made with
seines. Herring, as already stated, are utilized
mainly in sardine canneries and smokehouses, but they
are also to some extent sold salted and are used for
bait in trawl and hand-line fishing.
Clams.—¥For the clam product a considerable in-
crease in value is shown in the last few years, and in
1908 it stood in this respect next to herring. In this
report both the fresh clams sold for food and for
canning and the salted clams sold for bait are included
under the term ‘“‘soft clams.’ The total yield of
clams in 1908 was 5,061,000 pounds, valued at
$251,000; in 1905, 3,729,000 pounds, valued at
$135,000; and in 1902, 5,547,000 pounds, valued at
$194,000. There was a decline in the product from
1902 to 1905, amounting to 33 per cent in quantity and
nearly 31 per cent in value, but an increase from 1905
to 1908 made the total quantity in 1908 less than 9
per cent smaller than in 1902 and the total value 29
per cent more. Clams ranked third in value among
the products of the shore and boat fisheries, less than
2 per cent of the clam product being taken in the vessel
fisheries.
Haddock.—In value of the catch the haddock ranked
next to the cod among the ‘‘ground fish,” and fifth
among all species of the state. The catch was slightly
larger in the vessel fisheries than in the shore and boat
fisheries and proportionately more valuable. It was
practically all sold fresh. Since 1902 there has been
142
an increase of 50 per cent in the quantity of the catch
of this fish together with an increase of nearly 95 per
cent in the value. Lines were the principal kind of
apparatus used in the capture of haddock.
Hake.—The hake was an important species of
“oround fish” taken in Maine, and in quantity re-
ported ranked next to the cod in 1908 and third among
all the species taken in the state. The most prolific
hake fishing grounds in the United States are off the
coast of Maine, and more than 50 per cent of the hake
caught in the United States comes from there. The
fishermen usually dress these fish before selling them.
Formerly the sounds were very valuable for the manu-
facture of glue, and although their value for this
purpose has decreased, the custom of dressing the hake,
begun before the Civil War, has continued. The
value of the hake product in 1908 formed 5 per cent of
the value of all fishery products of Maine. Compared
with the 1902 product that of 1908 represented a de-
crease of 7 per cent in quantity but an increase of
nearly 16 per cent in value. The hake was taken in
the vessel fisheries to a greater extent than in the shore
and boat fisheries, the total quantity caught by ves-
sels in 1908 constituting about 60 per cent of all hake
caught in the state. Lines were the leading apparatus
of capture employed.
Scallops.—Although scallops have been taken in the
other New England states for a number of years, the
industry is comparatively new in Maine. The water
in which they are taken is of great depth, and for this
reason scallop fishing was not much carried on in this
state. During the past few years, however, the
advent of motor boats for dragging and of the motor
engines and drum for hoisting the dredge has over-
come the difficulties due to the deep water and led to
a marked increase in product. In 1908 scallops stood
seventh in value among the species taken in the state.
Exclusive of 18,000 pounds of scallop rims, with a
value of $100, the total product in 1908 was 1,239,000
pounds, with a value of $95,000. In 1905 the total
quantity was 416,000 pounds, valued at $52,000, and
in 1902, 115,000 pounds, valued at $14,000. The
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
product of the shore and boat fisheries amounted to
766,000 pounds, valued at $58,000. The entire catch
was made by dredges, tongs, rakes, hoes, and similar
apparatus.
Pollack.—The value of the catch of pollack increased
from $49,000 in 1902 to $75,000 in 1908, or more than
53 per cent. The value of the product in 1908
amounted to four times the value of that of 1898.
This fish is reported in nearly equal quantities by the
vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries, and is
taken principally by means of lines and seines.
Smelt.—Although the catch of smelt represented
but 2 per cent of the value of the fishery products of
the state in 1908, smelt fishing is regarded as important
because it furnishes employment to a large number of
men in the fall and winter months. In the fall prin-
cipally seines are used in taking the catch, but in the
winter the fish are taken through the ice with lines
and the fishing grounds are usually some distance up
the rivers. Since 1902 there has been a decrease of 42
per cent in the quantity of the catch and 37 per cent
in its value. There has been a slight increase since
1905, however, in both quantity and value. Over
96 per cent of the value of the catch was reported by
the shore and boat fisheries. Other apparatus besides
seines and lines used in capturing this fish are bag nets,
pound nets, trap nets, weirs, and to a less extent, dip
nets, gill nets, and drift nets. The figures given for
smelt in the columns headed ‘‘All other apparatus”’ in
Table 1, on page 143, represent the catch in bag nets.
Mackerel—The mackerel was formerly very abun-
dant in the waters of Maine, but the catch for 1908
was only 380,000 pounds. The value of the catch was
$31,000, a decrease of 69 per cent since 1902, when it
was $101,000.
Salmon.—Salmon fishing also has been decreasing
in importance yearly, the catch in 1908 being 72 per
cent less in value than that in 1902. The salmon isa
migratory fish and formerly came to the Maine waters
to spawn, but it is asserted that, owing to the pollution
of the waters, it is now impossible for the fish to reach
the spawning beds in the fresh water.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 143
TaBLE 1.—MAINE—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
; Pound nets, trap . Gill nets, drift . 1
SPECIES. Lines. nets, and Weirs. Seines. nets, ete. Dip nets. All other apparatus.
Quantity Quantit: uantit Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity
(pounds), | Value. (pounds), | Value. Bead Value. | ounds). | V8!" pounds). Value. | Sounds |Value. | Gounds).| Value.
Totals cc waceseces 173, 843,000 |$3, 257,000 {155,287,000 |3953, 000 69, 621,000 [$357,000 |27,877,000 |$171,000 |1, 404,000 |$56,000 |2,044,000 |$12,000 /17,610, 000 |$1, 709,000
Fish: :
2,085, 000 18,000 }]........... -| 1,290,000 } 11,000] 157,000] 2,800 |..........J........ 638,000 | 4,200 |........-..|----------
3, 400 300 jJ..... nao ice 5,900 Ol caumancanieod 500} (@) |... oie Bee
13,000 100 13,000 TO Te aes decorator deesioeet ts Ah cece lao eh eel tas aad erie halla enn onnesneaall oe
-| 20,013,000 439,000 |/19,631,000 | 430,000 103, 000 DV O00 Vessaenoueee ‘ DIE O00 GOOG ee nese al cgemenes hecaces octet
93,000 1,600
2,078, 000 32,000 |] 2,078, 000
498,000 25, 000 1, 200
31,000 600 9,600
-| 10,513,000 | 243,000 |}10, 454’ 000
17,398,000 | 168,000 ||17,387,000
200, 000 15,000 200, 000
-| 92,985,000 420, 000
380, 000 31,000
rinciatiSesmen| an aeezent 63, 000 4,800 125,000 | 10,000
2,700 300 2,700 BOOM src carcass Mewccnesclowavereauea|esnicesane
8,941,000 75,000 |} 5,229,000 | 51,000] 708,000} 5,600 | 2,992,000] 19,000} 11,000 1S: EEO eet ee 1,000 ()
, 000 3,700 2,200 200 6, 00 1,500; |ioncinevuestclbamnome 9,500} 1,700 700 100 600 200
770, 000 7 i | nee jena 315,000 | 25,000] 340,000 PU FUE ON 900 hxc sc ecesellceacsausl cumeraanca veuareeneu
25,000 WOO, Ws dcciesoees Slemere seieee 25,000 100, | Siisrassermarsinid de orecodl ee ceciaasies [senna sos samesenasal herstate| Sac ema eacaemiceie
654, 000 65,000 89,000] 9,700} 113,000 29,000 2,300} 167,000 17,000
ue 400 1, 40
8, 200
100
Suckers........-.- 58, 000
Swordfish... 3 513,000
Tomcod... . 117,000
All other...-...... 14,000
Eivete seaaGnieateeend Fo
Sounds. - 00 es eee
Lobster 9,929, 000 9, 929, 000 |'1, 268, 000
urtles.... ot F ,
Clams, soft... . -| 45,061, 000 45,061,000 251,000
Oysters, market, from
gue peg 51,000 DOU ei axccawial cobew andl ae eaateeelgast oat gaan aaa sah Wein nee all eahistiee on cael aera eeelll aoc 51,000 200
callops and scallo
me. 4 6 1, 257,000 96006 Ihi.2. eccceonc| ceneeeealitexeetenna| teecmebes eee Yael atk ae eel os eed [edemsie |gcekekeedl|ie venest 6 1,257,000 96,000
100 (?)
7 83,000
8 8,000
9 4,000
10 1; 600
1 apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lobster and eel pots, 10,361,000 pounds, valued at $1,290,000; dredges, tongs, etc., 6,310,000 pounds, valued at $347,000;
Sarronaaerne 539,000 pounds, valued at $48,000; bag nets, 286,000 ounds, valued at $22,000; cunner nets and traps, 93,000 pounds, valued at $1,600; flounder traps,
10,000 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 11,000 pounds, valued at $400.
2 Less than $100. 5 200 bushels. 8 1,100 gallons.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 6 155,000 gallons. 9 500 gallons.
4 506,000 bushels. 711,000 gallons. 10 500 skins.
144 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 2.—MAINE—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Lines. Pound nets, trap
Gill nets, drift
SPECIES. nets, and weirs.
Seines, nets, etc.
Dip nets. All other apparatusa
Quantity | Value. || Quantity | vaine, | Quantity | vaine, | Quantity] vaine, |Quantity| voine, | Quantity! yore, |Quantity | vane,
(pounds). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds).
Total........... 121,119, 000 /$2, 359, 000 ||25, 461,000 | $424,000 68, 200,000 | $346,000 |9, 562,000 |$63,000 | 538,000 |$29, 000 |1, 956,000 |$12,000 |15, 403,000 | $1, 486,000
Fish:
Alewives, fresh...| 1,751,000
Alewives, salted... 112, 000
Alewives,smoked. 192, 000
Butterfish........
Catfish. ........-.
Cod, fresh........
ous salted. .
Herring, salted...
Herring, smoked - 234, 000
Mackerel, fresh . . 155, 000 bs
Mackerel, salted. . 2, 200 0! Il orerarenardeayetens sll olarpuslo near ansehen wierd
Pickerel
Salmon........-..
Shad, fresh. . : 370, 000
Silver hake... 17,000
Smelt....... 624,000
Striped bass...... 2,100
Sturgeon......... 8,200
Caviar 100
Suckers 57, 000
Swordfish - . 8,000
Tomcod 100, 000
All other 800
TAVOTSicsncsncemuaneys 800
Sounds, fresh... 1,100 100
Sounds, salted... 2, 800 100
Lobster_........ 8, 898,000 | 1,136,000
Purtles.. cwsecsccaiess 1, 400 600
Clams, soft........... 4 4,961,000 247, 000
Oysters, market, from
public areas......-. 5 1,000
Scallops and scallop
MHS <.2)0,ais.cici cies oesjcrcia 6 784, 000
Squid................ 5,300
Oil, porpoise .... 78,000
ESS.) en eee 8 4,000
Skins, seal........... 91,600
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lobster and eel pots, 9,246,000 pounds, valued at $1,153,000; Shirt tongs, etc., 5,746,000 pounds, valued at $305,000; bag
nets, ee poe ie at $21,000; harpoons, spears, etc., 35,000 pounds, valued at $5,300; flounder traps, 10,000 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 91,000
pounds, valued at $1,600.
2 Less than $100. 4 496,000 bushels. 6 98,000 gallons. 8 500 gallons.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 6 200 bushels. 71,100 gallons. 9 500 skins.
p
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
145
TaBLe 3.—MAINE—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
; Gill nets, drift | Pound nets,trap | All other appa-
SPECIES. Lines. Seines. nets, etc. nets, and weirs. ratus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Ota) ences orice exit oo eccuins acciesn 52,724,000 | $898,000 || 29,826,000 | $529,000 | 18,315,000 | $108,000 | 866,000 |$27, 000 |1, 422,000 /$11, 000 |2, 295, 000 |$223, 000
Fish: :
AlOWIVES: THESE. w cseercnaraxeaaacs 30, 000 1500! |llsneakasen cece nueennd 30, 000 1,500
Catfish....... 7,000 100 7,000 100 a
Cod, fresh. . 7,489,000 | 155,000 7,415,000 } 153,000
eae: SALEM ces scwerescne dneaaisecs 2,461,000 83, 000 2,461,000 83, 000
Cusk, fresh. aiiss.c.cossnengencsraneeeies S 15.519;000 | .23;000. ||| 1j:619,000') 2235000 Is cccunnieanssin| steamreise aisle SocamSaal cae cniesiulllscareecrolsraiae (emerarstenrehs oarcisicinaie | isle sO
Cusk, salted. 2.2.2... 2. ce cece eee ees 35,000 800 35, 0 800
OMB poise etic Sceaictsiora ae deieialonerioe ss 84, 000 , 700
AG AGC s TCR canna coeneemeswemienss 5, 691, 000 132, 000 5,691, 000 N32 OOO: pie cxrtesiars isncr asda] Cicreroceseuats eta | wwmtannerart are [desnaic: sacayn| areavereriyvina | amnatete sasalllacislemianthersafaksisae eee
Haddock, salted... 2s secwevssenases 21,000 300 21,0 BOD lle acyenid ened cates wavay| rome ovasac is leame rane nade asen en keian. arte evyeraanensiete menrsentare
Bake reso niet eden ecinrauexienea nese 10, 156, 000 99,000 || 10,156, 000 Q9 OOO! 2 sje ctersescminic | sian cicingsial| emeoreavins Se basa beac) aererecemen| Seemeeteleeeeuseeea| sistem sie
Hake, sted . 02 c:.2csise vsegensecmanies sci 50, 000 700 50, 000 100) |) se -2cperaureeste'e al eax vercae olsen cies enaeeeel ay enecdess eases weelt eeroceeceless recto
Halibut 5.85 eioscie cists seeckaneaaee esas 153,000) | 41;,000'|| 153,000) “TY ;000' ls evete ose se] seueiee scl se acieGiec cdl|sars cic gerdllod dort dian |Seiea sal] aomesemcen [Rabe
Herring, IPOSDi soso saavecaeeewoneuce tse 14, 635, 000 212,000 | 6,400 |1,335,000 | 7,700 48,000 200
Herring, salted oi. os eedsenasineeeess cane 2,711, 000 448,000 | 7,400 |.........-].-.--... 40,000 200
Mackerel, fresh...................2.-.. 224, 000 132,000 | 11,000 1,600 LOO! sass cesccysiasd fiseind Sait
Pollack, fresh.........-....2.2.e-0eeeee 4,707,000 | 36,000 |} 2,125,000 | 20,000] 2,577,000] 16,000 ]..........].......- 5, 600 LOO) | soezzcecera|Syeraig eis
Pollack, salted................2.0.--05- 16;000.| — 300)]]) 16,000") BOOM cae rectsss s fares san eee slacsuian ss clings ceva vel oeeaacs oslo Seal: teasccted|eanecewe:
Shad, fresh. . 141, 000
Shad, salted. 258, 000
Smelt........ 29, 000
Swordfish... 505, 000
TPOMCOGs 5 cecsiccaee's 17,000
AMOthCE cesiasiniexsgnardaeesins canoes 26, 000
TAM OPS ere) icpacnesciaisietase de sacceicies \aicte aie eer eae 51, 000
SOUNS s sais.cess.5:ddiessicieisacis 19,000
TODSECPS ciecaisisicisieictaseiese avs 1, 031, 000
Clams, soft.............- 3100, 000
Scallops.............-.-- 4473, 000
SQUID cots comin eases sa rcienss 800
OM; ASB exces cited seatncnea cenunudiemaenions 6 83, 000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lobster and eel pots, 1,115,000 pounds, valued at $137,000; harpoons, spears, etc., 505,000 pounds, valued at $43,000; dredges
tongs, etc., 563,000 pounds, valued at $42,000; bag nets, 11,000 pounds, valued at #600; dip nets, 88,000 pounds, valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 13,000 pounds, valu
at $
400.
2 Less than $100. 310,000 gallons.
MARYLAND.
In respect to fisheries Maryland stands high among
the states, ranking fifth in 1908, with a product valued
at $3,306,000. Likewise the fisheries of Maryland
rank high among the industries of the state. Chesa-
peake Bay and its tributary streams, the Potomac,
Susquehanna, Patuxent, Choptank, Nanticoke, and
lesser rivers, form the greatest oyster area in the world.
In 1908 the value of the oyster product constituted
two-thirds of the total value of the fishery product of
the state.
The fishing grounds of Maryland are naturally
divided into two districts comprising those of the
Atlantic Ocean and those of Chesapeake Bay and its
tributary waters. As the water front of the state on
Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries is much more
extensive than the Atlantic water front, the Chesa-
peake Bay fisheries are much more important than
those of the Atlantic Ocean, which in 1908 contributed
only 4 per cent of the total value of fishery products
for the state.
The following statement gives a general summary
of the statistics of the state’s fisheries for 1908:
Number of persons employed ....-.-------------++--- 18, 392
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit........-.------- $1, 644, 000
Apparatus of capture.....--....----+-----2etee eee 369, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.......------ 86, 000
3, 306, 000
Value of products......-----------++-2----2222 ee eee eee
76786°—11——10
459,000 gallons. 6 11,000 gallons.
Comparison with previous canvasses—A comparison
of the general statistics for different years shows con-
siderable fluctuations. The following tabular state-
ment gives the number of persons employed, exclusive
of shoresmen, the capital invested, and the products,
as shown by the census returns for 1880 and 1908 and
the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries for 1891, 1897,
and 1904:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
ployed,
YEAR. I Vessels
exclusive Appara- :
of shores- || Total. aes tus of Canney Value.
men. outfit. capture
18,316 || $2,013,000 || $1,644,000 | $369,000 |/113, 796,000 |$3, 306,000
20,054 1,870,000 1,534,000 | 336,000 || 81,129,000 | 3,337,000
26,627 2,303,000 1,907,000 | 396,000 |} 88,588,000 | 3,617,000
28, 20 2,913,000 |} 2,418,000 | 495,000 ||141,178,000 | 6, 461,000
15, 873 2,234,000 1,936,000 | 297,000 || 95,713,000 | 5,222,000
Persons employed.—The statistics of the persons
employed in the fisheries of the state in 1908 are shown
in the next tabular statement.
All the shoresmen were connected with shore and
boat fisheries. In this class of fisheries 13,326 persons
were employed, as compared with only 4,046 persons
in vessel fisheries and 1,020 on transporting vessels.
Wage-earners outnumbered proprietors and independ-
ent fishermen by only a small percentage. The 9,948
salaried employees and wage-earners were paid in cash
and provisions $1,036,000, an amount equal to 31 per
cent of the value of the fishery products.
146 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. | Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprietors a 4 =
and in- alarie age- ‘
Total. dependent | employees. | earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
TOCA) wiwsnsiny sieecckenayes sylecwnnduin ss uate setae ys Seneeeseer ee eet ared as cei 18, 392 18,444 6 9,942 || $1,036,000 $1,000 | 2 $1,035,000
Ve I fish OTIS: nieces ses ay rermariernaci BR a ais aes ond ah ea Oeatarh ay as cleans leas 4,046 OOP laiie so doeseed 3,439 374,000 ||..-..---.... 374,000
Peanspurting OSSCIStR tances a dae eh Aen ae geese ad 1,020 BOB. [dee wicca "715 01/000 |].. 2222222272 101,000
Shore and, boat Nsherlesis.:ssisseiscisyse tke Sisk apnasee 04 Acces escvqpaniniatslé ale doaishesinysine MEANS 13, 250 7,532 6 5,712 557, 000 1,000 556, 000
SHOPESINEN s,« -.2si=jesteiecicadecineetcs He cmrpasemwieies 08 eee halts ieeteaeaes cons 16) |livs ewga cece} aise neers 76 55200) || oc seucemacs = 5,
Chesapealke ‘Bay iGisttiCtis.2acdca certo odauenasebedat bar eed fe tees es Secnaeeeee wes 8,154 6 9, 646 991,000 1,000 990, 000
Vessel fisheries’ <0. cctawese saarewwiucis ses anemmeaeee a icauecuiocisl: cs siagereeinne seek 607: | secs acrete 3,439 374,000 ||...-.------- 374,000
Transporting vessels. ...... 216 | seaeetees oe gcd 699 ” 000 Serer eeareae 000
Shore and boat fisheries... . 7,271 6 5, 432 513, 000 1,000 512,000
BRORCHIGE 5 ais cs xa qsiseisee eee doanunsdaneeeeneee ye wneeyee orem eeeenNsasese) WO Nvasecigenasoslownaseaeonae 76 200 I icesdercmsiarsss 5, 200
Atlantic Ocean district, 602.222 :<vesescanuts vices yenaeas) $2 ideeete ks cedeeiagies ches 586 290. [acces ere saine 296 45,000 |].....-...... 45,000
PPAR OTROS VEURES.6 oo nsanay sanawnnuninaanwounwed dadanatwerral sec dammined Soden 45 29. liccccispeaestasnd 16 1,200! [lise scicrieciciears 1,200
Sure gthetece ee 541 OBL liosans esecrd 280 44/000 |) 2222221227 44,000
1 Exclusive of 367 proprietors not fishing.
Equipment and other capital—tThe following tables
give the value of equipment and capital in 1908 as dis-
tributed among vessels, boats, apparatus of capture,
shore and accessory property, and cash, for the state
as a whole and for the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake
Bay districts separately :
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Chesa- Atlantic
Total. peake Bay Ocean
district. district.
Totals. focal yepee a gcamicencel $2,099,000 || $2,019, 000 $80,000
Vessels, including outfit..............-..-..- 1,001,000
ISHN Gs 5.422 ve Ssesaenr on oaheu neem 593, 000
Steam and motor.................... 65, 000
Vessels )csccve emits: se sre eeeecis 50,000
Outhitic vcs cescasscs en secstenss 15,000
Sab sserseienseie diectteacaysie oa aeveatmtcniee 528, 000
Vessel sicccisskeawrneas cea itess 406, 000
Outfit..... 122, 000
"Transporting. sessiiecihecestes va cece beni 408, 000
team and motor 24,000
VOSSOLS Sess cic ois baie trecdensare, 22,000
Rd ERE 5s arcaseng2 dccrtnsenatisycibvarnttacees 2,100
eb saintlocnananee sae se oevicd evade a 383, 000
343,000
40,000
644,000
220, 000
384,000
31,000
9,300
369, 000
51,000
Shore and boat fisheries 318,000
Shore and accessory propert 80, 000
Caso swesaeeaenunde ess menseremeesdes es 6, 500
The statistics concerning the number and tonnage
of vessels and the number of boats are shown in the
first tabular statement following.
Of the total capital invested, $1,644,000, or 78 per
cent, represented the value of vessels and boats, includ-
ing outfit. Of the remainder, the investment in ap-
paratus of capture was the largest item, having a
value of $369,000, and this was followed by shore and
accessory property, with a value of $80,000. The dis-
tribution of the apparatus of capture by districts and
by class of fisheries is shown in the second tabular state-
ment following.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $159,000.
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Chesa- Atlantic
Total. peake Bay Ocean
district. district.
Vessels, number .........2-22-22-ee cee cece ee 1,107 1,091 16
Fishing, number .... 757 WEEN cic cassie
Steam and motor—
21 QL | edesneeiecicas
TONNALC eee seas es ceecdeeieiee's wae 310 B10 fesisiacnccece.
Sail—
NUM Deis. eccrceleceadindeuaacecd 736 BOI cscs s ctaccrsdia roel
Tonnage... 7,061 MOG. Wletisrpenrceresrave
Transporting, number -................. 350 334 16
Steam and motor— °
17 16 1
134 127 7
333 318 15
7,813 7,644 169
8, 493 8,142 351
852 7 69
5, 238 5,164 74
2,135 2,072 63
268 1 145
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class
. districts. of fisheries.
KIND.
Total.
Chesa- A
Atlantic Shore
pole Ocean Pes and boat
distrret, | district. * | fisheries.
Bow nets 59 DO ee ce oe eel | Sie Acces 59
Dip nets 1,524 1, 494 80 West coceses 1, 524
Fyke and hoop nets. . 5,079 5,079 |........-. 380 4,699
Gill nets 4,818 4,149 669 144 4,674
Eel pots 4,664 4,214 450 1, 435 3, 229
Poun 1,364 1,347 17 89 1,275
Seines : 185 150 35 12 173
Trammel nets 2 12 12 eoseeeenies 2 10
Otter and muskrat traps 29,003 295003: lsssert weeealle Sacecimes.s 29,003
Products, by species—The products are given, by
species and by apparatus of capture, in Table 1 on
page 149. Oysters ranked first both in quantity and
in value. On the basis of quantity the species next
in order were alewives, or river herring, with a product
of nearly 29,000,000 pounds; crabs, with over
20,000,000 pounds; menhaden, with over 12,000,000
pounds; and shad, with nearly 4,000,000 pounds. On
the basis of value the leading species after oysters
were crabs, shad, and alewives, in the order named.
FISHERIES,
The heavy catch of menhaden stood relatively low in
value, and was exceeded in this respect by striped
bass, squeteague, and muskrat skins.
Products, by fishing grounds—Table 2, on page 150,
gives the products of the Maryland fisheries in the
Chesapeake Bay district by species and by apparatus
of capture, and Table 3, on page 151, gives similar
statistics for the Maryland fisheries of the Atlantic
Ocean, all of which were of the shore and boat class.
For the Chesapeake Bay district the leading products,
in the order of value, were the same as those already
noted for the state, namely, oysters, crabs, shad, and
alewives; while for the Atlantic Ocean fisheries the
leading products with respect to value were squeteague,
oysters, sturgeon (including caviar), and yellow perch,
in the order named.
BY STATES. 147
compared with that of the shore and boat fisheries.
The products of the shore and boat fisheries of the
Chesapeake Bay district, which in the aggregate
amounted to 83,247,000 pounds, having a value of
$2,420,000, can readily be ascertained by subtracting
the items of Table 4 from the corresponding items of
Table 2 giving the total products of the Chesapeake
Bay district.
The tabular statement immediately preceding shows
the distribution of the value of products reported for
the leading species between the vessel fisheries and the
shore and boat fisheries.
Products, by apparatus of capture —All but 5 per
cent of the total products, increased by value, was
taken with the five classes of apparatus specified in
the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class
SPECIES. districts. of fisheries.
Total. .
hesa- | Atlantic Shore
peake Bay} Ocean Polson and boat
district. | district. "| fisheries.
Total scdsosereneses: $3, 306, 000 |1$3, 187,000 | $119,000 || $767,000 |$2, 539, 000
12 ee eee 684, 000 592,000 92, 000 67,000 618, 000
SBA sic ccissceceaeare! 247,000 247,000 (1) 20,000 227,000
Alewives, or river her-
TING cece enss ewewtes = 157,000 155, 000 1,100 4,600 152, 000
Striped bass ..........- 65, 000 62,000 3, 500 3,700 61,000
Squeteague, or sea trout. 47,000 6, 200 40, 000 100 46,000
Perch, white .......... 30,000 28, 000 2,400 1, 500 29,000
Menhaden ...........- 30,000 30, 000 400 30, 000 400
Perch, yellow .......-. 22,000 15, 000 7, 200 400 22,000
AIS Day since Siesta 18, 000 18,000 }......-.-- 800 18, 000
Sturgeon, caviar, and
sturgeon eggs 14,000 |].......--- 16,000
(:) [eee cere 500 4,900 7,800
All other $ 22, 000 1,300 38, 000
Oysters 24,000 |} 686,000 | 1,543,000
Marke 14, 000 676,000 | 1, 451,000
Seed 9,600 9,600 92,000
Crabs F 100 15,000 305,000
Clams ; 15400 W|seeaeccac-s 16,000
Skins, muskrat and otter - . 50,000 || 50,000 |.....-....||---------- 50,000
All other? ............-..- 7,800 6, 400 1,400 ||....---.-- 27,800
1 Less than $100.
2Includes products valued as follows: Terrapin, $4,900; frogs, $500; turtles, $400;
squid, $200; and sea grass, $1,700.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Table 4, on page 151,
gives the products for 1908, by species and by appa-
ratus of capture, for the vessel fisheries of the state,
all of which are confined to the Chesapeake Bay dis-
trict, and Table 5, on page 152, gives similar data for
the shore and boat fisheries. In the latter the four
leading species—oysters, crabs, shad, and alewives—
aggregated 81,019,000 pounds, or 94 per cent of the
total product, and their combined value was $2,226,000,
or 88 per cent of the total. Oysters alone contributed
89 per cent to the total value of products of the vessel
fisheries and 61 per cent to the total value of products
of the shore and boat fisheries. Of the value of the
Maryland oyster product, 31 per cent was reported by
the vessel fisheries and 69 per cent by the shore and
boat fisheries. Practically the entire catch of men-
haden was made by vessels. With the exception of
oysters and menhaden, the catch by vessels was small,
VALUE OF
PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Per cent
Amount. | distribu-
tion.
MOU arcnhd gourd aoe heideeiacance a tecite eet se tet ohh $3, 306, 000 100
Dred ges, tongs) Cte. seccsus vepicneneneeas Heme ees eR 2,393,000 72
Pound and trap nets 321, 000 10
Gill nets 174, 000 5
Seines 128,000 4
Lines 124,000 4
All other. 166, 000 5
On account of the large oyster catch, dredges, tongs,
etc., are by far the most important apparatus of cap-
ture in both the vessel and the shore and boat fisheries
of Chesapeake Bay; but in the Atlantic Ocean fish-
eries the largest catch was credited to pound and trap
nets. For the fisheries of the state pound and trap
nets are second in importance as apparatus of capture,
and are used for taking a large number of species.
Alewives made up the bulk ofithe catch, contributing
82 per cent of the total weight and 32 per cent of
the total value; shad stood second, following closely
in value, although the weight of this product was only
one-fifteenth as great as that of the alewife catch; and
squeteague was third.
Oysters.—The oyster product of Maryland for 1908
was substantially greater than that for 1904 but less
than that for 1897. The yield for 1904 was abnor-
mally small, a fact attributed by some authorities to
the two exceptionally cold winters just preceding,
which killed many of the oysters. The value of the
product, however, steadily decreased from $2,885,000
in 1897 to $2,418,000 in 1904 and to $2,228,000 in 1908.
This decrease of $657,000, or 23 per cent, in the value
of the oyster product during the 11 years from 1897
to 1908 contrasts sharply with an increase of $345,000,
or 47 per cent, in the aggregate value of all other
fishery products during the same period. From 1904
to 1908, however, the decrease in the value of the
oyster yield, which amounted to $189,000, or 8 per
148
cent, was at a rate only one-half as great as that of
the decrease in the value of all other fishery products
during this period, namely, 17 per cent. The per-
centage of the total value of fishery products which
was represented by the value of oysters was lower in
1908 than in 1904, 1897, or 1880, as is shown by the
following tabular statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
Total ;
YEAR. aes Value.
products. || Quantit,
(bushels). Paneant
Amount. | of total.
$2, 228, 000 67
2, 418, 000 72
, 885, 000 80
4,730, 000 91
Of the total oyster product of 1908, 6,076,000 bush-
els, valued at $2,142,000, were furnished by public
areas. Private areas produced only market oysters,
and of these, only 156,000 bushels, valued at $86,000.
Private beds were of considerably more importance
in 1904, when they were credited with 465,000 bushels,
valued at $302,000. No record of the yield of private
areas is given for 1897.
Alewives.—The bulk of the catch of alewives, locally
called herring, was reported by the shore and boat
fisheries of Chesapeake Bay. The product was larger
in 1908 than in any previous year, in both quantity
and value, and its relative importance among the fish-
ery products of the state was greater. The quantity
of alewives sold fresh in 1908 was more than double
that in 1897, and the value more than a third higher.
Compared with 1904, which was a poor year for this
species, the increase shown for 1908 is much greater.
The quantity sold salted has steadily decreased. On
account of an increase in price, the value for 1908 was
in excess of that for 1897, though less than the value
reported for 1904. The value of the total alewife catch
has increased steadily since 1897, from $123,000 to
$157,000 in 1908. The following tabular statement
gives the alewife product for the most recent years for
which figures are available:
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Crabs.—The heavy increase shown in the crab prod-
uct from 1897 to 1904 did not continue up to 1908.
Although a gain of nearly 2,000,000 pounds was
reported from 1904 to 1908, the value decreased by
$39,000. The quantity of crabs marketed in 1908
was considerably more than double that in 1897,
and the returns to the fishermen were 46 per cent
greater.
CRAB PRODUCT.
ew: Total. Hard crabs. Soft crabs.
Quantit: Quanti Quanti
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOOS seta cece 20,373,000} $319, 000]} 12,786, 000/$124,000) 7,587, 000/$195, 000
QO 8 mse arg saseessicteci 18,398,000} 359,000]; 12,665,000) 169,000} 5,733,000] 190,000
ASOT kc ceadakeu ay 9,449,000} 218,000) 5, 833,000} 40,000) 4,116,000) 178, 000
Menhaden.—The menhaden catch, though not rela-
tively important on the basis of value, is conspicuous
for quantity. In 1880 the quantity reported was
3,903,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; in 1897, 353,000
pounds, valued at $400; in 1904, 9,849,000 pounds,
valued at $20,000; and in 1890, 27,969,000 pounds,
valued at $57,000. This species has such migratory
habits that the catch for any particular year can not
be taken as characteristic of the period or locality in
question.
Shad.—The catch of shad has increased considerably
since 1904, 3,937,000 pounds being taken in 1908, as
compared with 2,912,000 pounds in the former year.
The catch in 1897, however, 5,800,000 pounds, was
far in excess of those in either of the later years.
Scarcity and increasing demand, however, have raised
the price, so that while the catch in 1904 was only half
that of 1897, its value was a trifle greater, the catch
in 1904 being valued at $160,000 and that in 1897 at
$159,000. The price has continued to increase, and
the 1908 catch was valued at $247,000.
Squeteague.—The catch of squeteague, or sea trout,
reported principally by the Atlantic Ocean fisheries,
was larger in 1908 and of greater value than in either
1904 or 1897, as is shown by the following tabular
statement:
ALEWIFE PRODUCT.
yRik: Total. Fresh. Salted.
Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
28,805,000 | $157,000 |} 24,451,000 |$98,000 | 4,354,000 | $59, 000
14,485,000 | 138,000 9,589,000 | 55,000 | 4,896,000 | 83,000
--| 17,136,000 | 123,000 |/ 11,727,000 | 73,000 | 5,409,000 | 51,000
9;.129; 000: | 140,000) I esses 2 senescence | scares ee Selle etm cinco
SQUETEAGUE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
OOS sc cag sta ee pte eh Se ee ra siete lla, nena acid Soe 1,191,000 $47,000
WOO Sire, inisie eemdiatechsian oie Saithasoeiiotzcineeninck: Seen ren Cosa seers 785,000 23,000
USO ceacesle Se sdeentusnattne de siewheieenterey seta eapinns Bis eatlnoe See dards Sa 597,000 15,000
1
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 149
TABLE 1.—MARYLAND—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Pi :
epucreas ound and'trap Gill nets. Seines. Lines. Fyke and hoop | 41 other apparatus.!
nets, nets.
Quantity | vay Quantit, Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit
(pounds). alue. || (Sounds).| Value. | Counds).| Value. (ound. Value. @ounds, Value. | Goundsy.| Vue | (Sounds).| Value.
MOtal. o.cccvewen 113, 796, 000 |83, 306,000 |'27, 105,000 |$321, 000 {3,038,000 /$174, 000 17, 983, 000 $128, 000 |11, 491,000 |$124,000 | 769,000 |$39, 000 |53, 409,000 |$2, 520, 000
Fish:
Alewives, or river |
heiring......... 28,805,000 | 157,000 |'22, 255, 000
Black bass........ 15,000 1,500 , 200
Bluefish.......... 14,000 700 2,300
Butterfish........ 151,000 7,400 151, 000
Carp, German....| 167,000 7, 100 49, 000
Catfish.....2..... 409, 000 18,000 135,000
Croaker.........- 179, 000 5, 300 164, 000
Drum, salt-water . 39, 000 500 38, 000
els sc cc-easzacued 221, 000 13, 000 16, 000
Flounders........ 47,000 2,100 47,000
Kingfish.......... 4, 600 500 2,700
Mackerel... - 4, 400 900 4,400
Menhaden 12, 293, 000 30,000 || 1,032; 000
Mullet....... 47,0 1, 600 14,000
Perch, white......| 545,000 30, 000 219, 000
Perch, yellow...-. 359, 000 22,000 72,000
Pike and pickerel . 35, 000 3,800 7,000
Pompano........ 300 100 300
Sea bass.........- 225,000 6, 800 300
ghed hi cis 3,937,000 | 247,000 || 1,476,000
pot......... a 3,100 100 2,800
Striped bass...... 640; 000 65,000 || 277,000
Sturgeon......... 37,000 5,000 7,600
Caviar and stur-
geon eggs....... 8,100 11,000 1,000
Squeteague.......] 1,191,000 47,000 || 1,107,000
Allother......... 26, 000 1,300 900
1,000 500 |]...........
-| 12,786,000 | 124,000 10, 000
7,587,000 | 195,000 |]...........
6, 900 200 6, 900
3 82,000 16,000 ||.......----
Oysters, market, from
buble areas. -. .....|¢39,718, 000 25041; 000! Iles versenecss Puen ve cela sores cee [Sv ay ee ves ws sate a tele] catalan 5 [Retcuaictice nulls neig ain tien |acieteentoise [bictieg ser #39,718,000 | 2,041,000
ysters, market, from
” private areas.-..... SIANOGS OOO ||| <286;000% ||Virzsinac aie [Stgsenen dl Meweeleicde |oemceene owes saweee | sons cen| eee osuea ened sacsmenmds lace eee 51,094,000] 86,000
Oysters, seed, from
public areas . --| 6 2, 812, 000 TOL \OOO; || cz. 2.2.c ape dacsie wists deaetqniasacenivic |cammioe une [ROE SATE ce| Saentes | Ses Semel le ate nae aa teas eles ead 62, 812, 000 101, 000
Terrapin...... : 9, 200 900 $3001) 252004 sg 2no2ciet|ooakea mle eoat sesuns|acdennte s\leek Meomered| secs 2, 200 700 3, 800 2,000
HEDGE acches exnmeae xe 8,100 400
Sea grass.... ia 252, 000 1,700
Skins, muskrat....... 7 38,000 50, 000
Skins, otter........... (8) @)
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, ton
traps, 39,000 pounds, valued at $50,000; eel pots, 181,000 poun
and minor apparatus, 75,000 pounds, valued at $2,700.
2 Less than $100.
310,000 bushels.
45,674,000 bushels.
5 156,000 bushels.
6 402,000 bushels.
7 115,000 skins.
s, etc., 50,250,000 pounds, valued at $2,393,000; dip nets, 2,817,000 pounds, valued at 659,000; otter and muskrat
is, valued at $10,000; bow nets, 36,000 pounds, valued at $3,600; trammel nets, 12,000 pounds, valued at $1,200;
8 Less than 100 pounds.
150 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasBLE 2.—MARYLAND—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY~
TOTAL.
uaiae: Pound ena trap Gill nets. Seines. Lines. saa hoop | ail other apparatus.t
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. Cuanmaay, Value.
Motel vaccine ss 111, 193, 000 |$3, 187, 000 |/25, 775,000 |$268, 000 |2, 946, 000 |$156, 000 |17, 565, 000 /$116, 000 }11, 182,000 |$114,000 | 769, 000 |$39, 000 52, 956, 000 |$2, 494, 000
Fish:
Alewives, or river
herring, fresh ...| 24,345,000 97,000 ||19,577,000 | 68,000 | 418,000 2,400 | 4,241,000 | 26,000 |.........--|..---.--- 110, 000 500) | ae cnccarcieeme| seciceamci
Alewives, or river
herring, salted..} 4,354,000 59.000 || 2,673,000 | 35,000 200 (2) 1, 680, 000
Black bass....---- 15, 000 1, 500 4, 200 500 7,400 700 3, 000
Bluefish. -. si 14, 000 600 1,700 100 12, 000 500 | scceecemens
Butterfish.......- 5, 800 200 §, 800 DOO Ae rceste cette s Salersteceral| yScceee cerns
166, 000 7,100 49, 000 1,700 22,000 900 77,000 Bj OOO |e. Sue dsiseieawale 15, 000 900 2,500 100
409, 000 18, 000 135, 000 , 500
4, 200 100 , 200
25, 000 400 24, 000
214, 000 12, 000 16, 000
31, 000 1, 600 SH000; |) SP 600-]|¢ -sba0itlh ci )e- | Neetomeeree! oes [ejector Neetnaneacaded ieee ale bee 22
2, 500 20 G00.) (GQ. leeds cemnccieeeewseesleescuseecenltyevedeedt 44900-)- -200 Newreaese ust
12, 053, 000 30, 000 |] 1,002,000} 1,700}........_.]....-.-.-|11,051,000 | 28,000 |..........-|-....----]----------
20, 000 80! 14, 000 2)
520, 000 28,000 218,000) 12,000 30, 000 1, 600 85, 000 4,400 1,000 100 | 185,000
287, 000 15, 000 72,000 3, 500 12, 000 800 51, 000 2,900 800 (2) 151, 000
31,000 3,400 7,000 800 1, 8 200 9, 000 LOUD tase tae sell naienineee 3, 000
3, 936, 000 247,000 || 1,475, 000 | 100,000 |2, 282,000 | 134,000 74,000 5: 100! |p omsccse ia anemeciee 35, 000
604, 000 62, 000 276,000 | 27,000 40,000 | 14,000 130,000 ) 14,000 500 100 49, 000
Sturgeon .......-- 6, 600 700 5, 200 600 1, 400 AOD | rictess vase sbreralllevetieishstssor | etaneschele\e! Seigvel] eeatecinttate/S| aa ato otd sine inte ashes shall Scatcnerd ate ered patacigalealare
Caviar and stur-
900 900 600 400 300 400 jase: seserselece scene taasess re saeceewoe sd ceeenies: <a] serseeccloomesas amaelits eeee eee
188, 000 13, 000 00 \czseeaa es ce, seine adden eos arose es
29,000} 1,300]; 3,100} 100} 1,100| (@) | 24,000) 1,200 ]...........).....-..- LOOG) AC) [ecesuie cael aceite
HOOD: *, 2.02 SBOOY ete beh coe cae Reatrceeeed hace yeas ease eceead ba haere | ate easel oee teal a tceat eel eae etc hate ge ag 1, 000
12,779, 000 --|11, 032,000 | 106,000 |.......-.-)...2.--. 1, 739, 000 18,000
Crabs, soft 7, 587, 000 115, 000 000 | acetone teil escmeee es, 7, 402, 000 186, 000
Clams, hard. ......--- 374,000 15,000) | crass cine serene vaecmieios loss satel meres | Sasi Seceepenade set anetise |aaeesateSecenises 74, 000 15, 000
Oysters, market, from
public areas: s-s-:i<<;.|439;665,000 | 2086; 0000) concn: snzcsllencenees|oeeeuaeeer|ees tmeeeallocieca comes] sromatcteme| ates tae tieerte| = cemewicieg fae s ote tesla aendenes 439,665,000 | 2,036, 000
Oysters, market, from
private areas........} 51,012, 000 TS OMEN cece cp ye sapere Spo Letes apt es eeeraiavene latered gv | be seuaeainnea | saaewanite [sane Soneeellleededs 1,012,000! 77,000
Oysters, seed, from
public areas. ....... 6 2, 513, 000 9250008 sic z2:222.csl a cmmeacaic| aaaaiaca ene] ae nace ate | Meeaeaeiewawl drebieaies fae y sexes cee] co neanee Janes excecalesmentes 6 2,513, 000 92, 000
Terrapin... me 7,600 ; 2,100
Turtles. 5,100 200
Sca grass....... ..| 252,000 1,700
Skins, muskrat....... 7 38, 000 50, 000
Skins, 006feccivecncns (8) ®)
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 49,807,000 pounds, valued at $2,368,000; dip nets, 2,817,000 pounds, valued at $59,000; otter and musk
rat traps, 39,000 pounds, valued at $50,000; eel pots, 175,000 pounds, valued at $9,800; bow nets, 36,000 pounds, valued at $3,600; trammel nets, 12,000 pounds, valued at
$1,200; harpoons, spears, etc., 800 oe valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 73,000 pounds, valued at $1,700.
3 9,200 bus je
2 Less than $100.
4 5,666,000 bushels.
§ 145,000 bushels,
6 359,000 bushels.
7 115,000 skins.
8 Less than 100 pounds.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 151
TaBLE 3.—MARYLAND—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. 7
SPECIES. Pound and trap nets. Gill nets. Seines. Lines. All other apparatus. !
Quantity | y, Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantit,
(pounds). alue. (pounds). | Vue. | ounds). Value. | (pounds). | Value. (ound, Value (ponnda}. Value.
TOtAl ass: saw es seceraes es 2,602,000 | $119,000 |} 1,330,000 | $53,000 93,000 $17,000 418,000 | $12,000 309,000 | $9,900 453,000 | $27,000
baa 1 h
lewives, or river herring... 106, 000
Butterfis 145,000 enon
Croaker 175,000
Drum, salt-water 14,000
Bela sicsis vcacewess Lawes 6,200
Flounders 16,000
Kingfish... .. 2 2,100
Mackerel... . 4,400
Menhaden... 240,000
27,000
25,000
72,000
3,700
300
225,000
Striped bass................ 35,000
[S180 Y-( 210) « Ue 31,000
Caviar and sturgeon eggs... 7,200 10,000 10 6, 800
cael eaene, or trout........ 1,002,000 40,000 |} 937,000} 38,000 |.........-.. jaeeeaeeiers
Otel as. cis sasrciow ys weunierved 3,300
6,500
6,900 e a dasespeusect es
3 8,400 Wace Seanad fests sgt ae t\l se eccbatceleeecatemutéalaekee eas 38,400
ates <(ohee Seren bees’ 453,000 aaa eieteleosyensrasesaieacier sei Saas 453,000 4,700
Gules mnarket, from private
ANCAS ivi: oseoe cei sis cians 6 82,000 : o dsr Gataye eroecceexnteaien Sallie SEDATE tate denemael a beateesed 5 82,000 9,400
Oysters, seed, fi 6 300,000 : : ® 300,000 9,600
Terrapin. 1,600 stee ee 1,600 1,000
PUrtles sjcoccs cnes oemereneaeee® 3,000 ,000 A oe oo
ae dace eae with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 443,000 pounds, valued at $25,000; eel pots, 6,200 pounds, valued at $500; and minor apparatus, 1,600,
unds, valued at $1,000
a Less than $100. 3 1,000 bushels. 47,600 bushels. 5 12,000 bushels. 6 43,000 bushels.
Taste 4.—MARYLAND—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES Pound and trap nets. Gill nets. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets. | All other apparatus. !
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOtAl: « ccsades honncased Hie 27,946,000 | $767,000 |} 1,938,000 | $21,000 113,000 $8,000 | 11,092,000 | $31,000 41,000 $2,000 | 14,762,000 | $705,000
Fish:
Alewives, or river herring... 778,000 4,600 776,000 4,500 2,500 LOON| 2s sacaceivc:
Bluefish :..siccseisscacnaes seen 400 2 400 (2)
Carp, German........-...-- 18,000
Cathish « 2cccnscecescecs seca 22,000
Reels s..5.c20 dusestee rane 84,000
Flounders.........--------- 4,400
Menhaden............-.---- 12,021,000
Perch, white.. 28,000
Perch, yellow... 7,600
ake and pickerel... 4,600
MAC sweesae cath 265,000
Biniped ASS seeecanens aii 36,000
Squeteague, or sea trout...- 900
Crabs, HAtG, co<cacessoneeed ease 480,000 6,200 |). .--- 0 eee fee eee ence efe ee eee eee efe ee eee ee epee eee e eee eee e eee e eee le eee cece eeala verse eeee 480.000 6,200
Crabs, sofficsee ness Lqudcna soien 348,000 BE SOOR eae eemeeall sickness |[Gaseinene es Solita tice se fucdety cutee iaeceee ead lcccan online| nae eas 348,000 8300
ss basa market, from een
313,391,000 | 670,000 313,391,000 670,000
490,000 6,400
adi ooh athiat ules thay alcraate 490,000 6, 400 6 368,000 9,600
reas
Oysters, seed, from public areas.| ° 368,000 9,600
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 14,574,000 pounds, valued at $698,000; eel pots, 84,000 pounds, valued at $4,900; lines, 95,000 pounds,
uinds, valued at $200.
ae 2 1,913,000 bushels. 13,000 bushels. * 53,000 bushels.
152 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE §6.—MARYLAND—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. ai
peueae oauee ae trap Gill nets. Lines. Seines. sa cer OOP | All other apparatus.)
uanti Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit
heared Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtal asada cise! 185, 850,000 |$2, 539,000 ||25, 167,000 |$300,000 |2, 926,000 [$166,000 |11,396,000 |$122,000 |6, 891,000 |$97,000 | 728,000 |$37,000 /38, 744,000 |$1, 817,000
ey ae ;
ewives, or river s
herring, fresh.....- 23, 673, 000 93,000 ‘118,807,000 | 63,000} 415,000 D300! lis excveeeneca'lyoeueu ts 4,342,000 | 27,000 | 110,000 O00 Hi: sis dsoeeidererecs (senesebaecen
Alewives, or river s
herring, salted... .} 4,354,000 59,000 |} 2,673,000
Black bass....--..-.. 15, 00 1, 500 , 200
Bluefish........-.--- 14, 000 600 1,800
Butterfish........-.. 151,000 7,400 151, 000
Carp, German....... 149, 000 6, 500 48,000 15,000 900 2,500 100
Cathishes cc ce comcun? 387,000 18,000 133, 000 161,000 | 7,800 5, 600 400
Croaker.......--....- 179, 000 5,300 164, 000
Drum, salt-water... . 39, 000 500 38, 000
BOIS bys occececyonstiess aig 137,000 7,800 16, 000
Flounders........:-- 42,000 1,900 42,000
Kingfish............- 4,600 500 2,700
Mackerel. ........... 4,400 900 4,400
Menhaden.......-.-. 272,000 400 62,000
Mullet. os ccweesis van 47,000 1,600 14,000
Perch, white........ 516, 000 29,000 212,000
Perch, yellow........ 351,000 22,000 72,000
Pike and pickerel.... 30, 000 3,300 6,500} 700} 8,000] 300]....-......].-2....--
Pompano............ 300 1 00! |). 4 MOO) cage teem dleewciecierd tee bee sad alice teat ae boemee i peered ee Gaeeente
Sea bass...........-. 225, 000 6, 800 B00! | C2) faeeans se sale seaeee ec’ i OUO! Wesmeecincirs| scene ollie toeoaien
BHA) s icceianziatrnsciace 3, 672,000 227,000 |] 1,308,000 | 86,000 |2, 185,000 | 127,000 |.......-..-|....-.--- 74,000 | 5,100 35, 000
Spotrccssacvancsseaes 3,100 100 2,800 NOD: |essazae capella cumee eal aie Suidieies nlfemssiscg eee 300 2). Mewisteisheueimiel ats ciside galls visetain mele ess ac oeieuine
Striped bass........- 604, 000 61,000 268,000 | 27,000} 140,000 | 14,000 500 100 | 137,000 | 14,000 48,000 | 5,200 9,000 1, 200
Sturgeon............ 37,000 5,000 7,600 900 30, 000 4,100 how cena cove latex onesies oewewnees|zeeszaesllemaexecems [aeects caile< etenewcmeleeermesens
Caviar and sturgeon :
ee een 8, 100 11,000 1,000] 1,000 TA00'! OVSOO |e ne eee ceed pet eee deen eGaleseoe cues | ee nee ales sesec: yenmiees os
Squeteague, or sea
trout. c56 seevesee 1,190, 000 46,000 |) 1,106,000 | 43,000 100 75,000 2, 900 8,300 GOO! ie ea cece sie epeieiag: date Aacisis cet eoeeiaeices
All other. ........--- 26, 000 1,300 900 10 D100! | 2): eseaers ey ane
RPO PSs sod dh creccteeslnciediadeise T5000) |) 3 BOO! km cwareouce| epeices xh Readewtenea are ene deed ascend
Crabs, hard.........-.... 12, 306, 000 10, 940, 000
Crabs, soft...........-..- 7, 239, 000 115, 000
[bits eee epee ee ne nen 6,900} 200 |) 6,900) 200 |eicsc cccmcalsciuccaccfascoesccnice
Clams, hard............- 882;000% —~ 2Of000: I wteiinmc sexs |eseamewslbs ce eemene| sateen lee unen ears
Oysters, market, from
public areas. .......... 4263327000: sl: 1,372; 000; |). deem secaut Liscmenalles wen ool steams meme etal eeu at aewiecs seal eee edd Semecmede lesa tecee 426,327,000 | 1,372, 000
Oysters, market, from
private areas......-... 51,004,000 BO OOO || ass ecsctans cea ca [sre stesa eidrelllafaiaiae aera | onal sparse asain eae Scere Seale Dry ellie beeen asi ge-oes ne eeees 51,004,000 80, 000
Oysters, seed, from pub-
ic areas. . 92, 000
Terrapin. 9, 200 4,900
Turtles... 8,100 400
Sea grass... .- 252, 000 1,700
Skins, muskra' 7 38,000 50,000
Skins, otter... (8) (2)
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 35,676,000 pounds, valued at $1,695,000; dip nets, 2,809,000 pounds, valued at $59,000; otter and musk-
rat traps, 39,000 pounds, valued at $50,000; eel pots, 97,000 pounds, valued at $5,500; bow nets, 36,000 pounds, valued at $3,600; trammel nets, 11,000 pounds, valued at
$1,200; harpoons, spears, etc., 800 pounds, valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 74,000 pounds, valued at $2,700.
2 Less than $100. 310,000 bushels. 4761, 000 bushels.
MASSACHUSETTS.
In the value of fishery products and in the amount
of capital invested in the fishery industry Massachu-
setts ranked first among the states, while in the
number of persons employed it ranked third, Virginia
being first and Maryland second. Cod, haddock, and
mackerel were the most important species taken, the
catch of each of these being larger than that of the
respective species in any other state. Massachusetts
ranked first also in the catch of 15 other species or
forms of fish product, and second in 10 others.
The preeminence of the state was due to the great
importance of its vessel fisheries, the headquarters
of which are located in a few ports, notably
Gloucester and Boston. On this account statistics
5 143,000 bushels.
6 349,000 bushels. 7 115,000 skins. § Less than 100 pounds.
are presented separately for the counties in which
these cities are situated, namely, Essex County and
Suffolk County; the statistics for the rest of the state
are presented under the head ‘All other counties.’
The Essex County district takes in the ports along the
north shore of Massachusetts Bay, on Cape Ann, and
north to the New Hampshire line, with Gloucester as
the chief port. The Suffolk County district repre-
sents principally the city of Boston, while the group
‘All other counties” embraces the counties of Nor-
folk, Plymouth, Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, and
Nantucket, including the ports on the south shore of
Massachusetts Bay, Cape Cod, and Buzzards Bay. A
summary of the principal statistics for the state and
for the several districts is given in the following tabular
statement:
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Essex Suffolk All oth
Total. other
tal County. County. counties.
Med of persons employed. .. 11,577 4,725 2,305 4, 547
eet and boats, including ;
outfit........2.... $4,759,000 || $2,157,000 | $1,402,000 | $1,200,000
Apparatus of capture. 775,000 20; "165, "990;
siore and accessory 7 320,000 165, 000 290,000
erty and cash..... 2 215,000 35, 000 46,000 134,000
Value of products............... 7,095,000 |} 3,030,000 | 1,749,000 | 2,316,000
The importance of Essex County in every item,
except shore and accessory property and cash, is
apparent.
Comparison with previous canvasses.—By examina-
tion of the statistics for 1889, 1898, 1902, and 1905
presented in the following tabular statement, it will be
seen that at each successive canvass, except that of
1898, a larger value of products was reported than at
the preceding canvass, but that for the other items the
figures for 1908 are considerably less than those for
153
1889. During the past decade, however, there has
been a gradual improvement in every respect, except
that the number of persons employed and the weight
of the catch decreased slightly from 1905 to 1908.
Persons VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
em-
ployed,
YEAK ree Bh cmt Appara- Qunuittt
sive 0 and boats. uanti
shores- Total. including an (pounds). Value.
men. outfit. P i
11,535 || $5,534,000 || $4,759,000 | $775,000 |} 244,313,000 {$7,095,000
12,618 5, 216, 000 4,453,000 | 762,000 || 255,654,000 | 7,025,000
11,387 4,742,000 4,139,000 | 603,000 |} 230, 646,000.} 6,482,000
10,341 3,450,000 2,894,000 | 557,000 |} 202, 258,000 | 4,464,000
14,599 |] 5,903,000 |} 4,893,000 |1,010,000 |} 299,218,000 | 5,858,000
Persons employed.—The following table shows the
distribution of the persons employed in the fisheries
of Massachusetts, by districts and by class of service,
for the state and for each county district:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS,
Proprie-
torsand | Salaried Wage
Total. || independ- | em- pie te Total. Salaries. | Wages.
ent fisher- | ployees.
men.
MPO Ged sctaren cons ale ee cies eaeatltonty eneme marie gaeiuies renee cinta each a eee eal 11,577 13,141 23 8,413 || $2,743,000 $19,000 | 2 $2,723, 000
MeSsel TSH erie Sia 62 :2s cse:2)e.4 Sejvreicielnalsrd veidieylsnuiis eninge Geka ba dtaeoen se neeesemuene 7, 568 468 15 7,085 || 2,408,000 14,000 | 2,394,000
Transporting vessels... = 63 8 2 53 27,000 2,500 25,000
Shore and boat fisheries 3,904 2,665 6 1, 233 294,000 3,000 291,000
Shoresmen.............-. AD || cectieintrereaveeisl| eee ee Seis 4 14,000 ||.........--- 14,000
Essex County.... 4,725 871 a 3,843 || 1,116,000 11,000} 1,105,000
Vessel fisheries........-...----- 3,727 125 8 3, 594 1,054, 000 7,500 1,046, 000
Transporting vessels.......---- 20 1 2 1 12,000 2,500 9, 300
Shore and boat fisheries ...... > 973 745 1 227 49,000 700 49,000
HOLES CM 5 jo cicinein oo neiieinacinniaine cas een sa ce eea nen EMO ERERER eee eects!) oN eeseeneceesleemeneneys 5 1,100) | meen eemeese, 1,100
SUMO: COUnty 2s ss case Secsere aoe ak eee diny SHS IENNG eddeaaesewaeG see 2, 305 306 1,994 803, 000 4, 600 798, 000
‘Vessel fisheries is ccceeseec senate seveea sat see eees Secu aed shacenmin iwdecenaie a eees 1,819 57 5 1,757 732, 000
Transporting vessels.......-.-- 27 2 Nis Socoieehaion 25 3,000
Shore and boat fisheries 458 DAT oo wemierns 211 52,000
SHOPS v2 cecreccenms vow gsoee none nuinaes sti caenekeheeemeueeieeeeesce| — Dllisenececeemcleteceeseuer 800
AlVother counties. sc scons sesieesad eee deaces Sxemeetereveng tadeuinnec em at cide taeciskbemonaiieis 4,547 1,964 7 2,576 824,000 820, 000
, Vessel fisheries 2,022 286 2 1,734 || 617,000 616, 000
Transporting vessels......--- 16 i 5 J... eee 11 |: y 2,100
Shore and boat fisheries 2,473 1,673 5 795 |, 192, 000 190, 000
Shoresmen.......- 2.222222 c cece eee cence eet e eee e scence rece eeeeetcencceereesencee! OB [ewe eee feee ee ee eee 36 12,000 , 000
1 Exclusive of 943 proprietors not fishing.
The number of persons employed in the fisheries of
Massachusetts formed 8 per cent of the total number
for the United States. Of the 42 shoresmen, 15 were
employed in the vessel fisheries and the remaining 27
in the shore and boat fisheries. While in the country
as a whole shore and boat fishermen outnumbered
vessel fishermen in the proportion of about three to
one, in Massachusetts the vessel fishermen were nearly
twice as numerous as the shore and boat fishermen,
forming 21 per cent of the total number of vessel fish-
ermen in the United States. Independent fishermen
throughout the country comprised 50 per cent of all
persons engaged in fishing, but in Massachusetts wage-
earners constituted 73 per cent of the persons employed.
This predominance of wage-earners was due to the
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $103,000.
vessel fisheries, for in the shore and boat fisheries the
number of proprietors and independent fishermen was
more than twice the number of persons working for
wages or salaries.
Essex County reported 28 per cent of the proprie-
tors and independent fishermen and 46 per cent of the
total number of employees in the state. Of the wage-
earners in the vessel fisheries, Essex County had 51
per cent, but it had only18 per cent of the wage-earners
in the shore and boat fisheries. In the latter class of
fisheries 64 per cent of the wage-earners were reported
by the southern counties included under the head
‘All other counties.”
Suffolk County showed the same predominance of
wage-earners as Essex County, but the total number
154
and the number in vessel fisheries were only about
one-half as great. The number of wage-earners in
the shore and boat fisheries was about the same in
Suffolk County as in Essex County. Nearly three-
fourths (73 per cent) of the vessel fishermen were
found in Essex and Suffolk Counties and nearly two-
thirds (63 per cent) of the shore and boat fishermen
were found in the group comprising the other counties.
Equipment and other capital—The following table
gives, by county districts, the value of equipment and
the amount of other capital employed in the fisheries
of Massachusetts:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Total Essex Suffolk | All other
F County. | County. | counties.
TOtal sis ciewisiswiscseiasccislracises see 35, 750,000 |/$2, 513,000 |$1,613,000 {$1,624,000
Vessels, including outfit............. 4,282,000 |} 2,068,000 | 1,332,000 882,000
ISHING ooeeoc sas re en -| 4,204,000 |} 2,032,000 | 1,301,000 870,000
Steam and motor.... 710,000 252,000 176, 000 281,000
Vessels...-.-.... 563, 000 188, 000 148, 000 227,000
Outfit ‘ 147,000 64, 000 29,000 55, 000
Sail...... 3,494,000 || 1,780,000 | 1,125,000 588,000
Vesse 2,293,000 |} 1,215,000 746, 000 332, 000
Outfit 1,201,000 565, 000 380, 000 256, 000
Other...... GOO) | | esiessensscceuess | ierercaneranste cts 600
Transporting. .....-. 79,000 36,000 31,000 12,000
Steam and motor.. 71,000 33,000 27,000 11,000
iS apevoraya las , 000 30,000 25,000 10,000
aa vad seSer 6, 200 3,400 1,900 800
Ce ne nr name ee 7,500 2,100 4,100 1,300
ie Gescny 7,000 2,000 3,600 1,300
misfeyicaseaas 500 100 ‘BQO! | Scoxcisiees sts
BOA tS cc as sevice neseeetat ae 477,000 90, 000 70,000 318, 000
Bd seae 376,000 67,000 65,000 244,000
54,000 10,000 500 43,
37,000 12,000 4,000 21,000
10,000! || csccexeescllesassicosass 10,000
Apparatus of capture.......- 775,000 320, 000 165, 000 290, 000
Vessel fisheries........... 515, 000 271,000 145, 000 99,000
Shore and boat fisheries... 260, 000 49,000 20,000 192, 000
Shore and accessory property. -| 164,000 30,000 7,800 127,000
Casha ccrecniciiecensetne ees’ 51, 000 5, 700 38,000 7,400
The investment of Massachusetts in the fishing
industry was larger than that of any other state, com-
prising 14 per cent of the total for the United States.
Practically three-fourths (74 per cent) of the total state
investment was in fishing vessels and their outfits.
The total value of vessels and boats in this state was
more than double that in the state next in rank,
Virginia, and formed 19 per cent of the total invest-
ment in vessels and boats for the United States. In
the value of boats alone and of apparatus of capture,
however, Massachusetts was outranked by several
states in which shore and boat fisheries were more
prominent. Apparatus of capture represented 13 per
cent of the Massachusetts investment, having a value
higher than the value of boats and of shore and acces-
sory property combined with cash capital.
The value of all sailing vessels, including outfits, was
between four and five times that of steam vessels, being
$3,501,000, as compared with $781,000. Among the
boats, however, power-driven craft contributed 79 per
cent of the total value.
The following table gives detailed statistics concern-
ing the number and tonnage of vessels and the number
of boats:
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT.
Tot: Essex | Suffolk | All other
otal. || County. | County. | counties,
Vessels, number............0-.2220-000- 664 282 117 265
Fishing, number. ................... 638 274 105 2589
Steam and motor—
WMber... - 2s sececcee vaccine 244 62 173
TONNALC. 2. ssciececeecrseeass 3,551 1,212 511 1,
394 212 96
26,215 13, 443 6,046 6, -
26 | ay 12° 6
19 5 10 4
314 118 145 51
7 3 2
Tonnag 211 97 71
Boats, number. .... 3,694 906 389 2,399
Steam and motor. 1,114 242 177 695
Al eecekace.es 319 38 3 278
WO Wee crsisj necisiie deiaciettlo neiecnsia sees 2,145 626 209 1,310
OUNER. i .cinicnteiceweswoserde|! L1G)||dcootecnsaibiecoeuses 116
Of the investment in apparatus of capture, approx-
imately two-thirds was in the vessel fisheries and one-
third in the shore and boat fisheries. The distribution
of the several kinds of apparatus by districts and by
class of fisheries is given in the following tabular
statement:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
‘. Distributed by
Distributed by districts. class of
fisheries.
. KIND.
Total. ‘Aa om Shore
Essex | Suffolk] other SSSeF || a
fisher- | boat
County.|County. oun ies. fisher-
7 ies.
Ba? Nets 2 wc2cneseshindskawew ad
Beam trawls..........- ae
Cast nets............-.-
Pound and trap nets..... _
CLDCS A. oe sree Lerera:oferievere iow!
1 Includes otter trawls.
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 159, gives the
fishery products of the state, by species and by appa-
ratus of capture.
Sixty distinct species were represented, the most
important being cod, haddock, and mackerel, which
together contributed 53 per cent of the value of all
fishery products of the state. The cod and the had-
dock catch each exceeded a million dollars in value.
For eight other products—clams (including all three
varieties, hard, soft, and razor), herring, pollack, hali-
but, lobsters, sperm oil, hake, and oysters—values in
excess of $200,000 were reported. The value reported
for the 11 species named formed 86 per cent of the
total value of products. Flounders, swordfish, and
scallops had values in excess of $100,000.
Products, by county districts —The fishery products,
by principal species and by county districts, are given
FISHERIES,
in Table 2, on page 160, where they are ranked accord-
ing to the value reported for the state as a whole.
The value of the products was distributed among the
districts as follows: Essex County, 43 per cent; Suf-
folk County, 25 per cent; and ‘‘All other counties,” 33
percent. The products reported for ‘‘All other coun-
ties’’ were much more diversified than those of Essex
and Suffolk Counties. Cod was the leading species
with respect to value in Essex and Suffolk Counties.
Mackerel ranked next to cod in value in Essex County,
and haddock in Suffolk County. In the rest of the
state whale products ranked first and cod second.
Haddock and mackerel were important products in
each district. All the oysters and whale products,
and 57 per cent of the value of the clams, were re-
ported by the southern counties grouped under the
designation ‘‘ All other counties.’
Products, by class of fisheries—Tables 3 and 4, on
pages 161 and 162, give the products for the vessel
fisheries and for the shore and boat fisheries, respec-
tively, by species and by apparatus of capture. The
values of the chief species of products for each class
of fisheries were as follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore and
Total. Ph eae boat
* | fisheries.
MOtdhoscccensccmmeesgnedad eeeecietigs Stele $7,095,000 |) $5,497,000 | $1,598,000
ISM o5 ocsicisiee secekmss veemnesatdessanseeeeon 5,637,000 |} 4,971,000 666, 000
JS apajeennaie emai See 1,811, 000 133, 000
Haddock 000 52, 000
Mackerel 742,000 19,000
Herring 245, 000 97,000
Pollack 265, 000 48, 000
Halibut 309, 000 1,700
Hake... 281, 000 13,000
Flounders 66, 000 81,000
Swordfish 121,000 900
All other 147, 000 220, 000
ClAS be eo¢ as dacee emi ireeemes exer aces 8, 14,000 365, 000
Whale oil, sperm oil, and whalebone........- 336, 000 336,000 |: 2<+eseccse<
Lobsterti:iscascasessgesteescaesccemes: ese adiene 307,000 14, 000 294,000
Oysters... .2cesicemcsuide 218, 000 97,000 121,000
Scallops.......----------- 120, 000 44,000 76, 000
Cockles........-----+---+- 34,000 4,300 29, 000
Trish moss 25,000 |Wlesscecnn gene 25,000
AM Other ic.s(2eaacatee senisccciie op sR SERS 40, 000 18,000 21,000
The products of the vessel fisheries represented 77
per cent of the total value, and those of the shore and
boat fisheries 23 per cent. All the products shown
separately in the table were reported for both classes
of fisheries, with the exception of the whale products,
which were confined to the vessel fisheries, and Irish
moss, reported for the shore and boat fisheries only.
Of the species not shown separately, 13 which were re-
turned by the shore and boat fisheries were absent
from the reports of vessel fisheries, and 12 appearing
in the returns of the latter were not reported for the
former. For the vessel fisheries the rank of the lead-
ing products with respect to value followed closely
the order for the state as a whole—cod, haddock, and
mackerel leading by a wide margin, with a combined
BY STATES.
value which formed 64 per cent of that of the total
product of these fisheries. In the shore and boat
fisheries, on the other hand, clams and lobsters led,
with a value equal to 41 per cent of the total, and these
were followed by cod, oysters, and herring.
Table5, on page 163, gives the products of the vessel
fisheries, by species and by county districts. The sta-
tistics of the vessel catch in each district show the
same general characteristics as those of the vessel catch
of the state as a whole, except that for the Suffolk
County district the value of the cod product is surpassed
by that of haddock, while in the district designated as
‘All other counties” it was exceeded by that of the
whale products.
Table 6, on page 164, gives the products of the shore
and boat fisheries, by species and by county districts.
In this class of fisheries conditions directly opposite to
those appearing in the vessel fisheries exist, not only
as to the rank of leading species, but also as to the
importance of districts.
In the vessel fisheries Essex County contributed 47
per cent of the total value of products for the state;
Suffolk County, 29 per cent; and ‘‘All other counties,”
24 per cent. In the shore and boat fisheries, on the
other hand, the district designated ‘‘All other coun-
ties” reported 63 per cent of the total value of prod-
ucts, while Essex County had 27 per cent and Suffolk
County only 10 per cent. Only 14 species were taken
in the Suffolk County shore and boat fisheries, of
which four—lobsters, herring, cod, and flounders—
contributed 70 per cent of the total value of the prod-
ucts. In Essex County twice that number of species
were included in the shore and boat product, but 64
per cent of the value of this product represented the
value of clams and lobsters. In the district desig-
nated ‘‘All other counties’? 35 species made up the
product. Although the quantities of cod, flounders,
herring, haddock, pollack, and other important spe-
cies reported were nearly as large or larger than those
credited to the shore and boat fisheries of Essex or
Suffolk County, the leading species were clams, lob-
sters, and oysters, which contributed 46 per cent of
the total value of the products.
Products, by apparatus of capture —The value of the
catch, by each form of apparatus of capture, is given
for the two classes of fisheries in the next tabular
statement.
In the two classes of fisheries much the same appa-
ratus was used, but the prominence of particular forms
differed. Lines predominated in the vessel fisheries,
while seines, gill nets, and whaling apparatus followed
in importance in the order named. In the shore and
boat fisheries the principal forms of apparatus, ranked
according to the value of the catch, were dredges,
tongs, etc.; pots and traps; lines; and pound nets, trap
155
156
nets, and weirs. From this it will be seen that the
leading kinds of apparatus in one class of fisheries
were of minor importance in the other.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Teta: || ee a
eries. fisheries.
ROtdl oc ne os asiccewnlete stooges eens $7,095, 000 |) $5,497,000 | $1,598, 000
TINGS sci icicciae seers 3, 930, 000 3,649, 000 281, 000
Seines-........------ ”g08,000 || —’ 754? 000 51,000
Dredges, tongs, etc 741,000 155, 000 586, 000
MCUSo wes ce sa csse = 393, 000 384, 000 9,000
Whaling apparatus 336, 000 336,000 |............
Crab, eel, and lobster pots and HEADS 325, 000 15, 000 310, 000
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. 266, 000 30, 000 236, 000
Harpoons, spears, etc.......---------- see 130, 000 122,000 7,800
PR OC CF oasis spose teres tainted dscieid cient Sa, 169, 000 53, 000 116, 000
The following tabular statement gives the value of
the catch made with each form of apparatus of capture,
by county districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Total Essex Suffolk | All other
, County. County. | counties.
2 0) i) eee 37,095, 000 }} $3,030,000 | $1,749,000 |$2, 316, 000
DMG oe cc sinsescecccmensaeceten 3,930,000 | 1,822,000 | 1,410,000 698, 000
i 806, 000 539,000 204, 000 63,000
741, 000 149, 000 14, 000 578, 000
393, 000 276,000 24, 000 94, 000
Whaling apparatus... .... 396; 000! I es ccawicisiisiegd st snoaseecte? 336, 000
Crab, eel, and lobster p
ADE reece cade ec ceee ect eens 325, 000 121, 000 35, 000 169,000
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. 266, 000 28,000! |sswerooecccn 238, 000
pra spears, etc......-.--.-- 130, 000 63, 000 24, 000 43,000
All Othe? oc ee nesing cena cieeoe 169; 000 33,000 39,000 98, 000
The value of the line catch formed 55 per cent of
the value of the total catch for the state and was the
largest shown for any state, representing 42 per cent of
the value of the total line catch of the United States.
Although 30 species were taken with lines, 48 per cent
of the value of the product taken in this way was con-
tributed by cod. Nearly all of the cod, haddock, hake,
and halibut and all of the cusk reported were taken by
lines. The following tabular statement gives the value
of the line catch, by principal species and by county
districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH LINES: 1908.
SPECIES.
Total Essex Suffolk | All other
: County. County. | counties.
$3,930,000 |} $1,822,000 | $1,410,000 | $698,000
1,876,000 || 1,035,000 531,000 310,000
995, 000 306, 000 497, 000 193,000
309, 000 229, 000 61,000 5
289,000 72,000 184, 000 33, 000
250,000 131,000 54,000 65,000
73,000 32,000 34,000 6,700
61, 000 2, 500 27,000 31,000
77,000 14, 000 22,000 40,000
The catch with seines represented only 11 per cent
of the total value of products for the state, but
ranked second to that with lines. The number of species
captured by seines was 31, of which mackerel contrib-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
uted 74 per cent of the total value of the catch by this
form of apparatus. Essex County reported 67 per cent
of the total value of the seine catch. The value of
the seine product caught by vessel fisheries formed
94 per cent of the total value of product taken by
this form of apparatus. The following tabular state-
ment gives the value of the principal species captured
by seines, for each county district:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN IN SEINES: 1908.
SPECIES.
Total Essex. Suffolk | All other
A County. County. | counties.
TOtd) i wwcedwsausnt te stewiestee : $806,000 $539, 000 $204, 000 363,000
Mackerel. 594,000 435,000 131,000 28,006
2
Dredges, tongs, etc., ranked third in the value of
the product taken. The following tabular statement
gives the value of the catch, by species and by county
districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH DREDGES,
TONGS, ETC.: 1908.
SPECIES.
Total Essex Suffolk { All other
County. County. | counties.
BOGAN (oi. 2cyijn2 Someta aS oes $741,000 $149, 000 $14,000 | $578,000
ClAMS ss oe ones ee samedi eames 372, 000
OYStOIS: siejejrcmrsmnceeeeaumacesics «1 218,000
DCAODSs scenvarscusaraiaosinsascimene 7 120, 000
MPISD MOSS case scsssseicis viziawicieactate ciaiteers 25,000
Cockles 5, 000
Crabs, sof ae 200
MusselS:2,ccnccssaeee seeacein easy 100
Of the value of the product taken in this manner, 79
per cent was reported by the shore and boat fisheries.
The amount returned by the vessel fisheries was
entirely from the district designated ‘‘All other
counties.”’
Gill nets took products valued at 6 per cent of the
total, 87 per cent of the value representing that of
herring and mackerel. The gill-net catch was reported
principally by the vessel fisheries, and 70 per cent of
the value was contributed by the Essex County dis-
trict. The following tabular statement gives the
value of the gill-net catch, by principal species and by
county districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN IN GILL NETS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Total. Essex Suffolk | All other
County. County. | counties.
DOA 25 asresaseetaeeties ee $393, 000 $276,000
Mackerel, fresh............2..-.2.- 146, 000
Herring, ‘salted_.......-s secs ee, 102,000 102,000
OITing, Mesh... 2 :.cemisiciesa dewatered 93,000
COG> MOSH. wen va eek Smee tee 38, 000
PON a Chords ceearemeioceacickaes 400
PED OP DT pie ess aaicracsio ah enieasieoniacne 8,800
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Principal species.—Table 7, on page 164, gives the
yield of the more important species during earlier
years for which complete statistics are available,
together with the percentage of the total value of
products formed by the value of each species. The
species are ranked in the order of the value of the catch
in 1908.
Cod.—The most important product of the Massa-
chusetts fisheries was cod, which contributed 28 per
cent of the total value in 1908. The state catch of
cod formed 66 per cent of that of the United States.
The quantity and value of the product were less in
1908 than in 1889, but greater than for any other year
shown. Cod were taken chiefly by the vessel fisheries,
which reported 93 per cent of the total value. Fifty-
three per cent of the aggregate product was taken by
the Essex County fishermen. Nearly the whole prod-
uct, 97 per cent, was caught by lines.
Haddock.—Haddock ranked second in value, con-
tributing 15 per cent of the total value of the Massa-
chusetts product. The Massachusetts catch con-
tributed 80 per cent of the total value of the haddock
product of the United States and was taken almost
wholly in the vessel fisheries. The catch increased in
weight and value in the period from 1889 to 1905, but
prior to 1902 it was outranked in value by halibut and
in 1902 by mackerel. Suffolk County had a larger prod-
uct than Essex County, slightly over half of the total
being taken in the former district. About the same
proportion of haddock as of cod, 96 per cent of the total
value, was taken with lines.
Mackerel,—The catch of this species, which stood
third in value, contributed 11 per cent of the total
value of the Massachusetts product, and represented
90 per cent of the value of the entire mackerel
product of the United States. The 1908 catch was
the smallest since 1898, both in quantity and value.
In 1902 mackerel ranked next to cod. Vessel fisheries
took 97 per cent of the 1908 catch, on the basis of
value, and of the value credited to this class of fisheries
65 per cent was reported by the Essex County district.
Mackerel were taken mostly with seines, 78 per cent of
the total value representing the value of the seine
haul. Gill nets took most of the remainder, the
catch with this form of apparatus representing 19 per
cent of the total value.
Herring.—The value of the herring product con-
stituted 5 per cent of the total value of products for
the state, and 43 per cent of the total value of herring
for the United States, Massachusetts ranking second
to Maine in this respect. Both the weight and the
value of the herring catch have fluctuated more or
less at the various canvasses, but the percentage
which the catch represents of the total value of prod-
ucts of the state has decreased steadily since 1898.
Since 1905, despite a large increase in quantity, this
fish has suffered a substantial decrease in value. Of
157
the total value of the herring product, 72 per cent
was reported by the vessel fisheries and 28 per cent
by the shore and boat fisheries. Essex County fur-
nished 74 per cent of the total value for the state.
The largest catch of herring, representing 57 per
cent of the total value, was made by gill nets. The
catch with seines represented 18 per cent of the value,
while nearly all the remaining value was credited to
pound and trap nets and to dip nets in proportions
approximately equal. "
Pollack.—Pollack was another important species,
the value of the Massachusetts catch constituting
over three-fourths of the value of the total pollack
product for the country. Nearly 85 per cent of the
Massachusetts catch was made in vessel fisheries,
while more than one-half of this total value came from
the Essex County district. In value and in relative
importance, pollack has increased rapidly and uni-
formly since 1898, although in 1908 the quantity
taken was considerably less than in 1905. Of the
total value of the pollack product reported in 1908,
80 per cent represented the value of the catch taken
with lines.
Halibut.—The halibut catch showed an increase in.
both quantity and value in 1908 over 1905, but a
marked falling off as compared with the returns for
earlier years. In 1889 and 1898 it ranked next to cod,
and not until the canvass of 1905 did it represent less
than 10 per cent of the total value of products for the
state. The catch of this state, though far below that
of Washington, contributed 20 per cent of the total
value of the halibut product of the United States and
ranked second in importance. Halibut was practically
a vessel fishery product. Only 6 per cent came from
the southern counties of Massachusetts, 74 per cent
being reported from Essex County. Nearly all of the
product was taken with lines.
Hake.—The Massachusetts hake product represented
63 per cent of the total value of the hake catch for the
United States. In spite of the great fluctuations in
quantity, the value has steadily increased since 1889.
It is preeminently a vessel fishery product. Twenty-
five per cent of the total value was reported by the
Essex County district and 63 per cent by the Suffolk
County district. Practically the entire catch was made
by lines.
Catfish.—Catfish, or wolf fish, were taken to the value
of $8,000. Nearly the entire catch, amounting to
557,000 pounds, was taken with lines. The vessel fish-
eries were credited with 368,000 pounds, valued at
$4,400.
Clams.—Hard, soft, and razor clams were reported
by the Massachusetts fisheries. The latter species
were not taken in large quantities. For the other
two species the values of the product reported were
nearly the same. Clams were taken almost wholly
in shore and boat fisheries. Fifty-seven per cent of
158
the total value of the state product was from the dis-
trict designated as ‘‘ All other counties,’ Essex County
being the source of nearly all the remainder.
Whale products—The value of the whale oil, sperm
oil, and whalebone reported from Massachusetts, about
two-thirds of which represented the value of sperm oil
along, comprised 68 per cent of the total reported for
the United States in 1908. Since 1889 the value of
the whale products of the state has decreased more or
less steadily, the year 1898 alone showing a smaller
valué than 1908. These products, which were exclu-
sively yessel fishery products, were taken principally
by the New Bedford whaling fleets and were reported
solely from the district ‘‘ All other counties,”’ of which
they formed the leading product.
Lobster.—In the catch of lobster Massachusetts was
second to Maine. The large increase in quantity and
value in 1908 as compared with 1905 is worthy of
note, compared with the gradual decrease in quantity
and slight increase in value shown for prior canvasses.
Over 95 per cent of the total value of the lobster
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
product represented the value of lobster taken in
shore and boat fisheries. Fifty per cent of the total
value was contributed by counties included under the
head *‘ All other counties,” while 39 per cent represented
the value of the Essex County product.
Oysters—Though taken in quantities sufficient to
class them among the more important products of the
Massachusetts fisheries, oysters were of far less import-
ance than in states to the south. The quantity taken
has increased steadily, but the value of the product
has fluctuated greatly. Private beds furnished 96 per
cent of the entire quantity. Of the total value of the
oyster product, 45 per cent represented the value of
the oysters taken in the vessel fisheries, and 55 per
cent the value of those taken in the shore and boat
fisheries. The entire product came from the southern
counties. Forty thousand bushels of oysters, valued
at $47,000, were taken by Connecticut fishermen from
waters of Massachusetts, but are included in the sta-
tistics for Connecticut.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 159
TaBLE 1.—MASSACHUSETTS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. Lines, Seines.1 Gill nets. besoin cae y nets,| ql other apparatus.?
Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantity Quantit Quantity
(pounds). | Value. || Gounas), | Value. (pounds), | V2!ue. | (pounds). | V2 | (pounds). Value. | Gounds), | Value.
Total.........-...2...-. 244,313,000 /$7,095, 000 1/161, 888, 000 |$3, 930,000 | 25,397,000 | $806,000 | 14,885,000 | $393,000 | 18,641,000 | $266,000 | 23,503,000 |$1, 701,000
Fish:
Albacore, or horse mack-
erel. 92,000 SS AO bar Seecictenxis |acnciata alstadl| salghicn dante inde Steal atoeete ee karate 92, 000 5 £400 | wisasasersenire| eicmussrerseia
Alewives. . ---| 4,062, 000 45,000 ||...........-)-.20.-.000- 1,693,000 | 16,000 25,000 400 | 1,052,000 7,000 | 1,292,000 20,000
Bluefish . . ss 42,000 4,300 11,000 1,200 6, 200 600 9,300 1, 400 15,000 DMO ta: craces saratecand| malcusie tenets!
Bonito sable 65, 000 4,000 200 (aie reereneeciret ie omen Sora wales nai bctacoan so omarasahebncans 65, 000 Bj GOO! | erase siete ercisia. cal saeeamnceiniate
Butterfish 67,000 3,500 300 8) 7,400 600 3,200 100 57,000 S00! | Sereticiais siciantal| siprcisie sre arate
COG. aacseccawa nailed viecciecn 72,819,000 | 1,955,000 }| 69,191,000 | 1,876,000 | 1,590,000 8,200 |......--..2-[s-0+-2 +275
Cunner. . 102, 000 60 600 (2). lexecccenee ie 100 99, 000 5,500
: 4,267,000 73,000 |! 4,267,000 7B; ONO '|edadste nee oe aateetente a) Siadncr ut iintule se sac louisiana al netdemneal cothenads see Mase eee
1 722,000 32,000 118,000 5, 800 154,000 1,000 403,000 25,000
; ; 0 i
7,124,000 | 146,000 |] 3,105,000} 61,000] 342,000] 5,700) 111,000 2,600 | 616,000 | 12,000] 2,950,000| — 66.000
48, 492,000 | 1,038,000 || 46,649,000 | 995,000 | 1,436,000 | 33,000} 104,000] 1,300] 303,000] 8,600 ]............]... sheaden
294,000 |] 16,192,000 | 289,000 67,000 | — 1,000 43, 000 500 | 407,000) 3,500 |..-.0.-. 2s fesse eee
310,000 |} 4,136,000 | 309,000 9 B00K |), 15000! | Pees ac aov'2e oll ahd neresa: | salieatans ns she esua ea cm| comaquanee ne faumeenauele
342,000 lave seauecenulen vacmemene 7,554,000 | 63,000 5,536,000} 44,000 | 5,476,000} 40,000
73,000 1,300 73,000 15300. | ccs eau: sexe ges | geveeecey ts tikes yonnestdleyesiowaces vuilles srewemeis edemtieneess eficene-cases
10, 453, 000 761,000 66, 000 3,200 | 8,006,000 | 594,000 233,000 18,000 500 (3)
258, 000 WAQO Wee Gucence Seidel temagesdiaus 253, 000 1,300 |- 5,000 200: | erecitienes iss 2: aleceesceies
19,000 TOO it) -.esoicrstest-e sre ious) dstyersisteceysrdneve 19,000 1,000 |-.-.
20,006, 000 313,000 |) 14, 668,000 250,000 | 3,816,000 42,000
Redfish, or rosefish ....... 303, 000 2,700 300, 000 2,700 200 (3) 7
BCUp). sepociesswetnrecien --| 1,136,000 40, 000 329, 000 12,000 800 (3) 13,000 400 793,000
Sea bass. 114, 000 8, 400 77,000 AO FOU Vexciaies boecins| ceee sae | seemencics Bee ieeee ees 37,000
Shad os wecsuedscoeasnesces 389, 000 2,000 100 20,000
Silver hake, or whiting...] 5,589,000 125,000 1 4,540,000
Silversides................ , 500
SkateSic cavers cece sveseec 93,000
SMMel tise ojos. ooccsceseinwears 16,000
Squeteague, or weakfish..] 1,971,000
Striped bass.............. 5,100
Sturgeon...........-.---- 53001; 2500)||buseccecsaos|tencsasaseh, © 200L) 4) ‘liccenasewamclesiceccsed|! 2200) ~ S004 acess nccecveleeeocess
Swordfish 1, 642, 000
Tautog... |, 000 149,000 | 5,600 |..........--
Tomcod. . 7,000 200 5,000 100 2,000
All other..--..........2.. 604, 000 8, 400 553, 000 7,800 33, 000
Trish moss................---- 737,000 25,000! |llaceceee sional ecinaesdta|tetsenbartes
Divers wesepecs vec seca seiceiews 605, 000 6, 900 601,000 6, B00! Vaiss tiaras
Sounds. .. 73,000 3,100 73,000 8; LOO sc:cie ceemiex
Crabs, hard. 121,000 2,400 121,000 2,400
Crabs, SOft oc. .c.ceceececceecs 1,800 200 1, 800 200
Lobster ..........0...02eeeeee 2, 455, 000 307,000 2, 455, 000 307,000
Shrimp. oa 5, 800 1,300 400 ‘ 100
Turtles. m2 1,300 (3) 1,200 (3)
Clams, hard .| 41,119, 000 189, 000 41,119,000 189, 000
Clams, razor - 5 24,000 3,600 5 24,000 3, 600
Clams; SOftes.cs2 casewae scones 61,916,000 186, 000 61,916,000 186, 000
COC CS i aicicecce aicheiemenacis 7 130,000 84;000} if sit cteist eiatiad [ancesieniteram| setiememinaes| neu aeeatve lode emtenime nde lneaemaeieel menace teenie emtacecrcie 7 130,000 34,000
py eerhengerrert gece sere 81,100 MOO: |\ec. ayaccterrarsrcis laraiartisaaiarae lela are amimyetene| Se eisies ¥eelllee es sega mene |atetasasess|ledemete eet ammmrieats 81,100 100
sters, market, from public
ows tens Sees B eed 9 4,900 OG? | lees cotvercecrervestols | cqoistetelsisd aleve farcteidicelantanvtar | Sroaidee uel enee eto sume [aSeemaases | om naucaon Uaeaamenine 94,900 900
sters, market, from private
pete eases . ie pee . Deve ezz|) 2BGSV000 |) 2025000! |}. seeenaees ssw smsesece| savor aweseie [kawesvesaaledestasaese.|eemensiniee|tiebiciine ae gael saawctiee 10 863,000 | 202,000
Opes, ‘seed Ror au 1 43,000 8-100! Wedccacains ods ewes | Shake cement saete shee Sane cweacses | eeoreeseaeleeservenave|seeexencan 1 43,000 3,100
12 173,000 12,000 ||. ...--------]e eee ee ee eee fe eee ee ee ee fee eee eee lee ee eet ee elect eee eee lene ee eee eee le eee e eens 12 173,000 12,000
18 120,000 |}. . Was yet hyo cy SHena dp Soaiaise yeaa Reade bedeaickone casi bien yetees ea Hese | Snyatasals aiaienal| iam eieteiccensnasd llemieeaseyslerdacta 18 502, 000 120,000
eee 77/72 680}600 25,000 ”400
sy “Al 28438000 |. 5iQ00 | HABBO00/! 5/900! |seesacossnec|assmenmeo|ssasnvancon| Ieeweseseslesmmnseueamsis lamar ciace) emis erie mane |auinaqnresien
Oil, Sie "|152, 913, 000 18 3.913.000 | 218,000
Oil, whale 16-559, 000 | 380000 ||: occtwesccs lo eaqea-ss4| sciosaqenes te feoes cenvan|sencesnewes :} 18553,000 | "28; 000
1 Includes otter trawls. 7
2 i h, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5,363,000 pounds, valued at $741,000; whaling apparatus, 3,495,000 pounds, valued at $336,000; eel
pots ae ae 00 aa saiued at $325,000; Ieacoone, spears, etc., 1,767,000 pounds, valued at $130,000; beam trawls, 2,972,000 pounds, valued at $66,000; dip
nets, 6,660,000 ‘pounds valued at $58,000; cockle nets and traps, 78,000 pounds, valued at $21,000; cunner nets and traps, 100,000 pounds, valued at $5,500; fyke nets,
52,060 pounds valued at $2,200; cast nets, 109,000 pounds, valued at $2,000; bag nets, 2,000 pounds, valued at 3500; and minor apparatus, 75,000 pounds, valued at $14,000.
"Less than $100. ’ 2,400 bushels. 7 13,000 bushels. 9700 bushels. 1 6,200 bushels, 18 63,000 gallons. 18 388,000 gallons.
4140,000 bushels. 6 192 000 bushels. ® 100 bushels, 10 123,000 bushels. 12 25,000 bushels. 118,000 gallons. 16 74 000 gallons.
160 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 2,—MASSACHUSETTS—FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY COUNTY DISTRICTS: 1908.
TOTAL. ESSEX COUNTY. SUFFOLK COUNTY. ALL OTHER COUNTIES.
SPECIES. Guantit Guantit eensiiie
uantity uanti Quantit: uantity
tpounds.. Value. (sound), Value. jpounda Value. (pounds, Value.
Totalesccciesesetesessesgexesaceesetecsee siwwsien ve cextenee 244,313,000 | $7,095,000 |} 106,007,000 | $3,030,000 76,030,000 | $1,749, 000 62,276,000 | $2,316,000
PASH sjeso2s sarees sects dtemrsesie ees erento Saree amas berms 230,066,000 | 5,637,000 {| 103,005,000 | 2,736,000 75,117,000 | 1,680,000 51,944,000 1, 221, 000
COG sa onc ae sede baeiness acadew ease eeeness -| 72,819,000 | 1,955,000 38,339,000 | 1,087,000 22,991, 000 549, 000 11, 489, 000 319, 000
Haddock asc ssencwciiwesinae heindeeresc mince -| 48,492,000 | 1,038,000 14,770, 000 309, 000 24, 511, 000 527, 000 9, 211,000 202, 000
Mackerel ocrc:cncsved anienanceewetadescwecese -| 10, 453, 000 761, 000 6, 475, 000 483, 000 2,017,000 147,000 1, 961,000 131, 000
Herring 28, 501, 000 342, 000 17,342,000 252, 000 6, 441, 000 47,000 4,718, 000 43,000
Pollack. . 20, 006, 000 313, 000 12, 474, 000 175, 000 3, 278, 000 59, 000 4, 255, 000 78, 000
Halibut sccess vavsawicesscsgseves cme cocnes 3 4,145, 000 310, 000 3, 230, 000 229, 000 682, 000 62, 000 233, 000 20,000
Haken. coc: sedecssecassa nse snosessceerennsee -| 16, 708, 000 294, 000 4,356, 000 74, 000 10, 254, 000 185, 000 2,098, 000 36,000
Ploun ers wes so see ccseaies peeeexesacesesepess , 7,124, 000 146, 000 338, 000 4, 300 1,394, 000 29,000 5, 391, 000 113,000
SWOLGASN jos icceoss enone ceneeuh aie twltasetoamsoatiad’ 1, 642, 000 122, 000 795, 000 61, 000 270, 000 24,000 577,000 37,000
CUSKEs os Sisse tic ek ead ars ease Desc needa aeose Mecmeanesien 4, 267, 000 73, 000 1,845, 000 32,000 2,029, 000 34, 000 393, 000 6,700
tare a or weakfish : iG oe ao
lewives 4,
eli 1 136, 000
5, 589, 000
722,000
389, 000
114, 000
170, 000
102, 000
Albacore, or horse mackerel... = 92, 000
Blwefish 4: s2.ccnercrcccecc wens, Jauinnissistincecmeeceetasmetemmes 42,000
BODO 22 sas semosige deseo onest Helctlumtuaiss Leaves 65, 000
Butterfish...... z 67, 000
Redfish, or rosefish. = 303, 000
Smelt. sec: csceeence ses secashteteses cosa eebt daceemeesass 16, 000
MENA GON oi arcjacaaaa erscbielieieisicaieinidd aie cm imcisiog tidssaineSerciicte 258, 000
NG. wiaiars eacin ana aaemewrinniaa ce aacniemelsses = 73,000
Perch, yellow 19, 000
All other... 717,000
CAMS s.5.c5)cis ets ce sieve aida sedainveew cies ue .| 33,060, 000
Whale products.........-.....------- Se i 3, 495, 000
OI) Sper sjese caeesveasoseeacasaxssseeeses ---| 42,913,000
Wrhalebone:2:¢scussneeeeeeeesed eeeeeeses e }, 000
OD WHALE so. ae orecersngen tet: Sesnisocweisn Sekosse ane 5 553, 000
2, 455, 000
1, 084, 000
68, 000
7 216, 000
Scallop sis-cesssicieid vdiaterarrewand ah ele ks hists cidade Samia eanaeee woeweee 8 502,000
Cockles. --. : 9 130,000
Irish moss. 737,000
Squid,.... 1, 837, 000
Livers 5,
Oil, cod 10 138, 000
Sounds 73,000
ee pate 122,000
Shrimp. . .
All other. 2,400
1 Less than 100 pena 3 34,000 bushels. 5 74,000 gallons. t 31,000 bushels. 913,000 bushels.
2 Less than $100. 4 388,000 gallons. 6 124,000 bushels. 8 63,000 gallons. 10 18,000 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
TaBLE 3.—MASSACHUSETTS—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
161
. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Seines.! Gill nets. ee All other apparatus.?
Quantity Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantity
(pounds). Value (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value
193, 839, 000 |$5,497 ,000 ||149, 523, 000 |$3,649,000 | 20, 124, 000 | $754,000 | 14,585,000 | $384,000 | 1,403,000 | $30,000] 8,204,000] $680. 000
829, 000 RO tenn cemcueaesl tnanesaeie 779, 000 9, 000 25, 000 400 24, 000 100, | sotepcecadeld| semteaasew
24,000 2,700 6, 000 500 6, 200 600 9, 300 1,400 2,800 BOL Wawteae Gepatela loxcienaeswe
35, 000 2,300 200
9, 000 1,800 300
48, 124, 000 |1, 183,000 || 45, 382, 000
19,565, 000 | 640, 000 |} 19, 565, 000
Cusk, fresh. . 4,145, 000 71, 000 4,145, 000
Cusk, salted . , 000 1,300 4,
Belo ido nase natiaiesdecenics 55, 000 2,500 11, 000
Flounders..........-...2.+: 3, 402, 000 66, 000 818, 000 10, 000 327, 000 5,500 55, 000 1,100 61, 000 1,200 | 2,141,000 48, 000
Haddock, fresh............. 45, 294,000 | 965, 000 || 43,875,000 | 932,000} 1,302,000) 31,000 104, 000 1,300 13, 000 MOO! |isiis araizicestetss «| neshacricte.asanare
Haddock, salted.......-.... 973, 000 21, 000 973, 00
Hake, fresh.....-..........- 15, 521,000 | 276,000 || 15, 412, 000
Hake, salted................ 230, 000 4,800 230, 000
Halibut, fresh .............. 3,470,000 | 255,000 || 3, 460, 000
Halibut, salted_............ 643, 000 53, 000 643, 000
Halibut fins, salted......... 13, 000 500 13, 000
Herring, freshi.ns ss2ccc2c<di 10, 078, 000 T3850: iss etcetera coll tacine wei 5, 159, 000 43,000 | 4,593, 000
Herring, salted.........-..- 5, 616, 000 TOG 0005 [lhe issjcceceistocltcscase 2 dssczeate 346, 000 4,500 | 5,271,000
Mackerel, fresh............. 7,967,000 | 580,000 60, 000 2,900 | 5,775,000 | 432,000] 2,104,000
Mackerel, salted - - 2, 231, 000 oe
Menhaden, fresh....-......- 253, 000
Menhaden, salted........... 5, 000
Pollack, fresh. 15, 144, 000 547, 000
Pollack, salted 920,000} 21,000 |} 920,000} 21,000 |........-..-|...-.-2...-/.. a ss
Redfish, or ros 293, 000
en . 308, 000
Sea bas: 47, 000
Shad 0065 esevackssesesessd 371, 000
Silver hake, or whiting..... 578, 000
DRALCS cic nisibie sise'ssdaainscwreinicrss 74,000
Squeteague, or weakfish.... 150, 000
Striped bass............-.--- 2,100
Swordfish. .. ee 1, 625, 000
WAU Ss ox cecsiciaccterns tomas = 24, 000
AMMother s creccanvnsstescne xe 408, 000
590, 000
73,000
123,000} 14,000 ]]........--..
15300: GY seem anciens
Clams, hard.........-.--------- 485,000} 13,000 |/..........--
Clams; ‘Solticoccasserenaceesseus 610,000; 800).......-..--
Cockes suicis scicaeis ode micisictnsienince 618,000 | 4,300 |/.......-..-.
Oysters, market, from public
QICAS i eswces seus sigs selec! 72,100 | (400 ).22-.0.c..2.
Oysters, market, from private
OOS coca ices mee etc 8 449, 000 e000
Oysters, seed, from private areas. 918, 000 9
Son eeieueelied Sena cece 10152, 000 10 152) 000 447 000
Sg uid cise 172, 000 20, 000 400
halebone 30, 000 30,000! — 89,000
i = 11 138, 000 fo errr res eee rere
Oil eur soe _ .|!2 2, 913, 000 12 2,913, 000 218, 000
OE WDC caceccusken wenreenous 13 553, 000 18 553, 000 28, 000
1 Includes otter trawls.
2 ith catch, as follows: Whaling apparatus, 3,495,000 pounds, valued at $336,000; dredges, tongs, etc., 716,000 pounds, valued at $155,000; harpoons,
cies st RT noc, valued at $122,000; beam trawls, 2,166,000 pounds, valued at $48,000; eel pots, 153,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; cockle nets and traps, 18,000
F k ts, 1,200 pounds, valued at $100.
pounds, valued at $4,300; and fyke ne sr aaee panne 5A th buchos serwoniestens, Rese iti
7 300 bushels. 9 2,500 bushels. 11 18,000 gallons. 18 74,000 gallons.
83 Less than $100.
411,000 bushels.
51,000 bushels.
76786°—11——11
162 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasLe 4,.—MASSACHUSETTS—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
pact: Lines. eee strap Dip nets. Seines. Gill nets. All other apparatus.1
Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantity Quanti Quantit: Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Totals-scasesyssesces 50, 474, 000 |$1, 598, 000 |/12, 365, 000 |$281, 000 |17, 238, 000 |$236, 000 |6, 660, 000 |$58, 000 |5, 272,000 /$51,000 | 300,000 | $9,000 |8, 638,000 | $962, 000
Fish:
Albacore, or horse
mackerel.... 528) 91,000} 5,400 |].....-.-.--]......-.-| 91,000] 5,400 }..........
Alewives, fresh. . 2,209, 000 902, 000 6,000 | 693, 000
Alewives, salted
Bluefish
Herring, fresh... ....-.
jie salted...
Seu:
Sea bass...
Shad
AAD oo vaccemnawammrisne
Silversides.
Skates.........0.00.0.-
Striped bass.
Sturgeon..............
Crabs, hard.
Crabs, soft.
Wobstet nc: ieee cen oooh 4
BHTIMD: 37 scene cccewece ccs 5, 800
-{31, 034, 000
Clams, hard. .
Clams, razor.
Clams, soft.
Cockles.....
Oysters,
12, 734, 000
73, 0
73,000
255,000
19, 000
5,011, 000
3,500
19,000
16, 000
1,821,000
3,000
4,700
17,000
146, 000
7, 000
206, 000
737, 000
15, 000
121, 000
1,800
2, 332, 000
424,000
-/5 1, 906, 000
8 112, 000
71,100
8 2, $00
9 414,000
10 43, 000
11 156, 000
12 349,000
1, 665, 000
28, 000 2 000
5,000 41,000
15700" || <iaertirave| on
35,000 |] 790, 000
600 |]...2. 20...
B00 lll eceere seat lou
2, 500 13, 000
52, 000 81, 000
600 800
400 |].........../..
GOD} ss cmtede eres
5,400 ||" 126, 000
20 5,000
3,709 || 197, 000
500
106, 000
3,100
11,000
76, 000
17, 000
121, 000
819, 000
6,200 | 665, 000
3,200 26, 000
Reece 3, 600
7,800 | 4,221,000
ae nc eee 14,000"
2,200 [......2.2-.
1,600 | 1,739,000
(2) 200
ree 4,700
“4,600 | -21,000°
TOO! paciccncssmcce
3, 600 7,800
60, 000
1, 538, 000
490, 000
~ {51,906,000
6 112, 000
71,100
42,800
9 414,000
10 43, 000
. | 156, 000
-|!2 349, 000
5, 700
200
294, 000
500
106, 000
3,100
11,000
76, 000
100
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc.,
nets and traps, 60,000 pounds, valued at $17,000; beam trawls, 727
nets and traps, 100,000 pounds, valued at $5,500; fyke nets, eed pre valued at $2,100; cast nets, 109,000 pounds,
pounds, valued at $2,000; bag nets, 2,000 pounds, valued at $500; an
2 Less than $100.
3 129,000 bushels.
42,400 bushels.
6 191,000 bushels.
6 11,000 bushels.
7100 bushels.
8 400 bushels.
minor apparatus, 75,000 pounds, valued at $14,000.
9 59,000 bushels.
10 6,200 bushels.
4,647,000 pounds, valued at $586,000; eel pots, 2,678,000 pounds, valued at $310,000; cockle
,000 pounds, valued at $16,000; harpoons, spears, etc.,
111,000 pounds, valued at $7,800; cunner
valued at $2,000; founder dredges, 80,000
11 22,000 bushels.
22 44,000 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 5.—MASSACHUSETTS—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES, BY COUNTY DISTRICTS: 1908.
163
TOTAL. ESSEX COUNTY. SUFFOLK COUNTY. ALL OTHER COUNTIES.
SPECIES,
Quantit Quantity Quantit: Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MPOtal ss sieoescvsenieres eeanempsr eaves: ! vledaahec suena 193, 839,000 | $5,497,000 |} 91,160,000 | $2,604,000 | 67,269,000 | $1,583,000 | 35,411,000 | $1,310, 000
Wishiss owuzatsunaenme aden oberdcossasadeues 188,512,000 | 4,971,000 90,741,000 | 2,595,000 | 66,864,000 | 1,572,000 | 30, 907, 000 804, 000
Cod...... 2.202022 e eee eee eee 67,689,000 | 1,822,000 || 36,262}000 | 1,041,000 | 21,926, 000 521,000 9,501, 000 260; 000
Haddock .......--. 1.2. 002ee cette cece ete eect e ete 46) 268" 85,000 || 147317000 00,000 | 2472167000} 5207000 | 7, 7347 000 166, 000
Mackerel - .0..- 22sec ecseewees pean wir tecegnesis: ninde 10, 198, 000 742, 000 6, 446, 000 481, 000 2)017,.000 147) 000 1)735, 000 114, 000
ANDI earner cigeneis Seemann: c2acrawat cneeciace needa 4, 126, 000 309, 000 3, 230, 000 229, 000 682, 000 62, 000 13, 000 18,000
Haka os seecaictseoeaitio; v ascn weyesiensae Ped dieenine ns dances 15, 751, 000 : 3, 999, 000 71, 000 10, 254, 000 185,000 1, 498, 000 25,000
Pla Chests se ses secant dc calsind Ad ngwmaal 24 Tecan 16,064,000, 265,000 9,914, 000 152,000 | 3, 081, 000 57,000 | 3,069,000 57,000
Herring. 15, 694,000 245,000 || 13,075, 000 216, 000 1, 585, 000 16, 000 1, 034, 000 12,000
Swordfish . 1, 625, 000 1217 000 788, 000 60, 000 270, 000 24,000 567, 000 37, 000
Cusk.......- 4,209, 000 72, 000 1, 801, 000 32, 000 2,029, 000 34,000 379, 000 6, 400
Flounders 3, 402, 000 66, 000 137, 000 1,0 387,000 3, 500 2,878, 000 61,000
308, 000 11,000 2, 800 100; | Seamer anrianed| pexdene venue 305, 000 11,000
371,000 9, 800 304, 000 7, 800 10, 000 56, 000 1,700
829,000 9, 600 25,000 200 Weiss ciajsiic ane nis 2 : 804, 000 9, 400
150, 000 150, 000 5, 900
Silver hake, or whiting.............020..02..002.022.2---. 578, 000 430, 000 3, 800
INCA, WAST cast Maidens aaeur2 S chyna’ 47,000 , 000 3,500
Bluefish 24, 000 24, 000 2,700
Redfish, or rosefish 293, 000 2,000 ()
eS) seceinacauyeeamentt be pte ciemee Seracrecsstninaiaeaiemmarnse acters 55,000 54,000 2,500
Bonito. 35, 000 35,000 2,300
Butterfish . 29, 000 , 000 1,100
Menhaden. 258, 000 255, 000 1, 400
AIR es ap ceteris peeled caine emiceroreraugesyoevon 508, 000 116, 000 2, 400
Whale products: 22 2..02ciecnaas8 deaeceeut = bodte cana batesaaces 3, 495, 000 3, 495, 000 336, 000
Oil, sperm... “| 22)913,000 22,913, 000 218, 000
‘halebone.. 30, 000 30, 000 89,000
Oil, whale. 3 553, 000 3 553, 000 28, 000
Oysters.....- 468, 000 468, 000 97,000
Market... 4 451, 000 4451, 000 96, 000
Peed) sac etimid avache voice sare Scene erase mead eee e 5 18,000 5 18, 000 1,000
Scallops......-- edicuatetensatais siiudieed eiameg i kceeceee Ai aaeeeee 6 152, 000 6 152, 000 44,000
Lobster. ... 123, 000 115, 000 12, 000
Clams... 7-95, 000 7-95, 000 14,000
Livers 590,000] 6,700 |} = 280,000 | = 3,300} 310,000} 3,400 |..._..-..2.2..).-----------
Oil Cod asctacctemceat sos ease amet ee edacteeesaeeauiene 8 138, 000 46, 000 2, 000
918,000] 4,300 |j..........2..-]------0.2.-{ 918,000] 4,800 J... eee
73,000} 3,100] 8,800} 600] 64,000] 2,600]... efi.
172,000 131, 000 1, 800
f300N “2G)oe RS 2te800il|| THe Nc gaaimtednce Mimaetonatie detain a ctenmnte| edatentecees
1 Less than $100.
2 388,000 gallons.
8 74,000 gallons.
“464,000 bushels.
5 2,500 bushels.
6 19,000 gallons.
7 12,000 bushels.
8 18,000 gallons.
9 1,800 bushels.
164
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 6.—MASSACHUSETTS—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES, BY COUNTY DISTRICTS: 1908.
TOTAL. ESSEX COUNTY. SUFFOLK COUNTY. ALL OTHER COUNTIES.
SPECIES. Guana Quanti Q Siriansttt
uanti an uantity uantity
(pounds). Value. peed Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtals « caqsagsqiar ese is Ne Pec aan ys dee aes Bea 50,474,000 | $1,598, 000 14, 847, 000 3426, 000 8,761,000 $166, 000 26,866,000 | $1,006,000
Wish 3. occ sen anccedaceemeaseees ee cedeidee ae Se tacea eas Saueoowde 41,554, 000 666, 000 12, 264, 000 141, 000 8,253, 000 108, 000 21,037,000 417,000
Cod...... 5,130, 000 133, 000 2,076, 000 46, 000 1, 065, 000 28, 000 1, 988, 001 59,000
Herring. . 12, 807, 000 97,000 4, 267, 000 36, 000 4,856, 000 30, 000 3,684, 000 31,000
Flounders 38,722, 000 81, 000 201, 000 3,300 1,007, 000 25,000 2,513, 000 000
Haddock... 2,225, 000 52,000 453, 000 9, 100 95, 7,400 1,477,000 , 000
Squeteague, 1, 821, 000 525,000 [Pisces selet cecavecte Slleice slecave erciete ise tae cacaes cl sacs camer 1,821, 000 52,000
Pollack. 3, 942, 000 48,000 2,560, 000 24, 000 197,000 2,700 1,185, 000 21,000
Alewives... 3, 233, 000 35, 000 517,000 3,100 |nczexesccceve c|escasececnes 2,716,000 32, 000
Silver hake, or whiting............-.....-- 5,011, 000 35,000 1, 355, 000 3, 400 712,000 7,100 2,944,000 24,000
667, 000 30, 000 202, 000 3, 600 91,000 5,500 374, 000 21,000
828, 000 28, 000 200 CY.” eaastiicsiinceeil eestieimescise 827,000 F
255, 000 19,000 28, 000 2000 ax see reese ccdleaaeseeecies 227,000 17,000
957, 000 13, 000 357,000 aC ee eee 600, 000 11,000
102, 000 5,600 73,000 4,000 29,000 1,600 |...ceccsecen ccs )oecaceesccee
146, 000 5,400 800 (1)! .., |peisteicticscn ccd osccsaiosicis! 145,000 5,400
91,000 5,400 8, 800 B00! |[isiciersia craressecici Sz wistetarerorersis 000 5,100
67,000 5,000 (2) 67,000 5,000
16, 000 2,500 10, 000 5,000 700
39, 000 1,800 3,600 ’ 1,600
19, 000 1,700 3,300 15, 000 1,700
19, 000 1,700 jj.........-.-.- 19, 000 1,700
|
BONO. S aace aecaesesteraasane Sess aeeen ces cee eteeceaeses 30, 000 1,700 | 200 30,000 1,700
Bluefish... 17, 000 1,600 | 400 17,000 1,600
Ling 25.5555 : 73, 000 1,300 |[oesevesaiccsass 73,000 1,300
Perch, yellow ae 19, 000 15000) ||\seccesesstsoks 19, 000 1,000
PRU ORO R a ovaca cies drtcscrtenetc i ears ava slovamctcsnisions nd adi tvateteroyerassiaiatsiewe 319, 000 7,600 147,000 172,000 4,900
365, 000 1,529, 000 153,000 124,000 9,600 3 1,312,000 202, 000
294, 000 905, 000 118, 000 217,000 33, 000 1,210, 000 142, 000
Oysters... 616, 000 121,000
Market. +417, 000 4 417,000 107,000
OCC ccrcpeicits sdiceemiaiasnuedin cusaeesnusae anseaucesses eee 5 199, 000 6 199, 000 14,000
Scalopsscsecccvccoiheehocedaes bose hediedads doe seiaieseld dedeue 6 349, 000 6 349, 000 76,000
Cockles. . . ones 7 112, 000 7 21,000 6, 100
Trish moss. . 737,000 730, 000 , 000
quid... 1,665, 000 1,574, 000 16,000
Crabs... 123, 000 400 ()
Shrimp. 5, 800 5, 800 1,300
All other. 16, 000 12,000 100
1 Less than $100. 2 Less than 100 pounds. 3 371,000 bushels. 460,000 bushels. 28,000 bushels. 6 44,000 gallons. T 11,000 gallons.
TaBLe 7.—MASSACHUSETTS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1889, 1898, 1902, 1905, AND 1908.
9° PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF
1908 1905 1902 1898 1889 TALGE
SPECIES.
Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. 1908 | 1905 | 1902 | 1898 | 1889
Total..... 244,313, 000 187,095, 000 ||255, 654,000 |$7,025, 000 |/230, 646,000 |$6, 482, 000 ‘902, 258,000 |$4, 464,000 ||299, 218,000 |$5, 858, 000 100} 100] 100} 100 100
Od... cscestene 72,819,000 | 1,955,000 || 62,263,000 | 1,689,000 || 69,521,000 | 1,773,000 || 71,315,000 | 1,407,000 || 76,342,000 | 2,013,000 28 24 27 32 34
Haddock....... 48,492,000 | 1,038, 000 |} 67,054,000 | 1,069,000 || 39, 220,000 802,000 || 35,582, 000 420,000 |) 35, 305, 000 602, 000 15 15 12 9 10
Mackerel...-..-- 10, 453, 000 , 000 || 14, 104,000 966,000 || 17,624, 000 981,000 6, 703, 000 362, 000 6, 687, 000 585, 000 ll 14 15 8 10
Clams......-.-- 13,060, 000 378,000 || 3,548,000 500,000 || 3,134,000 288,000 |} 1,981,000 153,000 |} 2,654, 000 150, 000 5 7 4 3 2
Herring......-- 28, 501, 000 342,000 || 18, 364, 000 382,000 || 29, 235, 000 401,000 || 22, 363, 000 333,000 || 9,931,000 91, 000 5 5 6 7 2
Pollack.......- 20, 006, 000 313, 000 {) 25,486, 000 268,000 |} 12,176, 000 118, 000 7,084, 000 43,000 5, 069, 000 55,000 4 4 2 1 1
Halibut........ 4,145, 000 310, 000 3,513, 000 218,000 || 12, 156, 000 649,000 |) 10,523,000 547, 000 9, 888, 000 661, 000 4 3 10 12 11
Lobster......-- 2,455, 000 307,000 1, 283, 000 176, 000 1, 696, 000 175, 000 1, 694, 000 148, 000 3, 354, 000 148, 000 4 3 3 3 3
EKG essa: wees ge 16, 708, 000 294,000 || 20,701, 000 258, 000 || 14,358, 000 191,000 || 21,332,000 164,000 |} 6,354,000 68, 000 4 4 3 4 1
Oil, whale an
sperm 2 3,466, 000 247,000 3,934, 000 247,000 5, 137,000 293, 000 3,119, 000 199, 000 6, 172, 000 489, 000 3 4 5 5 8
Oysters -| 3.1, 084, 000 218, 000 996, 000 222, 000 724,000 134, 000 709, 000 156, 000 259, 000 66, 000 3 3 2 4 1
All other 33, 123, 000 932,000 || 34,409, 000 | 1,030,000 || 25, 666, 000 677,000 || 19,852, 000 532, 000 ||137, 203, 000 931, 000 13 15 10 12 16
1 $82,000 bushels. 246,000 gallons, 3 155,000 bushels.
FISHERIES,
MICHIGAN.
Michigan is foremost among the Great Lakes states
in value of fishery products. All the lakes, with the
exception of Lake Ontario, touch upon the state, but
Lakes Michigan and Huron contributed the larger
percentage of the state yield.
The following statement presents a summary of
the chief statistics for the fisheries of Michigan in 1908:
Number of persons employed........................... 3,472
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit................. $594, 000
Apparatus of capture...........20000000000002220-- 821, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.............. 599, 000
Value of products. jcc. ov ste. ciddeaac ead sahemeocad 1, 473, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—Since 1890 a
considerable increase is manifest in the quantity and
value of products. No statistics of comparative
value are at hand for Michigan for years previous to
1890. With regard to the Great Lakes the Bureau of
Fisheries stated, as a result of the investigation of
1885, that, ‘‘considered as a whole, the fisheries were
more prolific in 1885 than they had ever previously
been.”
The statistics for the fisheries of the Great Lakes
district in 1885 are, on the whole, very similar to those
of 1890 and show figures very much in excess of those
for 1880. Since signs of growth appear in the early
statistics of the fisheries of this region, it may be
BY STATES. 165
inferred that the increase during the past 18 years
indicates a movement extending over a much longer
period. Reasons for this increase, as suggested in
1885, include the increase in the number of persons
engaged in the work, the use of a larger number of
nets and other apparatus of capture, and more exten-
sive artificial propagation. In addition to these
forces, all of which were active in 1885, favorable
legislation has fostered the growth of the industry
since 1890.
Michigan shares so largely in the catch from all but
one of these lakes that what is true of the fisheries of
the Great Lakes region in general may be considered
equally true of the Michigan fisheries. The following
comparative summary shows the principal statistics
for the various canvasses from 1890 to 1908, inclusive:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. | PRODUCTS.
Persons |
Joyed
ployed,
YEAR. exclu- Vessels
sive of and Appa- Quantit
sores Total. _ boats, ratus of (pounds Value.
eA including] capture. Z
ered outfit.
3, 294 || $1,415,000 || $594,000 | $821,000 || 38,302,000 | $1,473,000
3,348 962, 000 394,000 | 568,000 || 35,609,000 1, 224, 000
2,968 824,000 299,000 | 524,000 }j| 32,369,000 894, 000
2,943 836, 000-|/ 278,000 | 558,000 || 32,872,000 934, 000
Persons employed.—Statistics of the persons em-
ployed in the fisheries of Michigan in 1908 are given
in the following table:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
tors and .
e Salaried Wage- A
Total nae ee employees. | earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
men.
T Ota os oes scchssieh eeecness becca sh velaeeted eeeteites ae es aserygadins cor geoneinns 3,472 11,698 8 1,766 $533, 000 86, 600 2 $527,000
Vessel fisheries... 22. 2 sce sec seccnghe be eesecte ne ee ne ode ek He db eeee ees 501 117 5 379 174,000 3,900 170, 000
Transporting vessels. -.-...- 27 (tse eetneeee 20 Tey A0, 0 | Miers aearemeereas 5, 700
Shore aud boat fisheries... . 2,766 1, 574 3 1,189 289,000 2,700 286, 000
Shoresmen......-...-.-.--- TB) I |eeeceetetiaes sani Cia inane 178 G4S000% |e isst2dcrciciens 64,000
Lake Michigan district............-.. 1, 268 553 1 714 236, 000 1,200 235, 000
Vessel fisheries... 311 98 1 212 100,000 99,000
Transporting vessels.....-..----- 5 We ce sencesrcitvaets 4 900 900
Shore and boat fisheries.....-.... 873 AGE, sesssereternsiaisss 419 103, 000 103, 000
Shoresmen.....- 2.22... 00. c cece eee eee ee eee eee eee reteteeeee ences | one Coenen 79 32,000 32,000
Lake Huron district.............- 2-20.20 ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 1,382 684 6 692 196, 000 5, 200 191,000
Vessel fisheries .....--.-..----+++ ere rete eeccc teen ccc rsrttttt tenes 131 l4 3 114 51,000 2, 500 49,000
Transporting vessels. ....-...---- 22 (Sil Penecraeeearc ae 16 OO, | sd aSceee Pa 4,900
Shore and boat fisheries 1,148 664 3 481 115,000 2,700 112,000
Mhoresmem sc... cucaees veacie econ eed sseaneee eee ers ea AGRO s te ned oes £5) | Eee arene arene eres 81 25,000: || saysevcrseceect < 25, 000
Lake Superior district... .....-.-..----+-22 ees eee e ree ee ere eet e ete teers av 205 i 165 57,000 200 57,000
Vessel fisheries 59 5 1 53 23,000 200 23,000
Shore and boat fisheries 297 200! |: veenctenm 2s 97 27.000 27,000
Shoresmoen.....: : 2000062202 dene scence TG Neca cies wrest 15 7,000 7,000
Lake Erie district (shore and boat fisheries) .........--------++--+2++++--++2 22-22-02 230 G5 /ap enrreerrera 163 34,000 |}............ 34,000
Lake St. Clair.............-.-.--.5- 221 US| Reacee chi Sou 32 HT 5000" || 2 crscccsensea 11,000
Shore and boat fisheries... . 218 WSS | 5. s-cvsicsencisisie vie 29 10,000: |Pssiccnineciccs 10,000
Shoresmen..........----.20 2-02-22 e eee eee eee eee eer e teres secs sce tees Sty fercioies wie ctecuiedmaeewiestebine 3 B00 | sssiciecrmicieiz zie 300
1 Exclusive of 52 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $47,000.
166
The state had vessel fisheries in three of the Great
Lakes—Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron—and
634 vessel fishermen and shoresmen were employed in,
connection with such fisheries. The number of shore
and boat fishermen and their employees, including
shoresmen, amounted to 2,811. Although Lake Michi-
gan had a product about one-third larger than that of
Lake Huron, the persons employed in fishing num-
bered 114 less.
Equipment and other capital.—Statistics concerning
the investment in vessels, boats, and apparatus of
capture, and the other capital employed in the
fisheries of the state, are given in the following table,
for the state and for the several lakes and their
tributary waters:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. Lake Lake Lake Lake Talks
Total. er, Huron |Superior} Erie |St. Clair
er district. | district. | district. |district.
Tict.
$2,013,000 |/$897,000 |$733,000 |3226,000 }$111,000 | $46,000
327,000 |} 196,000 | 89,000] 41,000 |.
306,000 |} 192,000 | 72,000
242,000 |} 151,000 | 55,000
64,000 41,000 |}. 17,000
22,000 4,100 | 17,000 ].
20,000 3,800 | 16,000
1,800 400 , 500
267,000 |} 106,000 | 96,000
217,000 97,000 | 71,000
24,000 3,100 | 18,000
21,000 5,500 5,100
5, 200 400 1,700
Apparatus of capture... 821,000 || 377,000 | 281,000
Vessel fisheries... ... 319,000 || 192,000} 81,000] 46,000 |........-)........
Shore and boat fish- a
ij 502,000 |} 185, 000 200, 000 58,000 | 51,000 8,000
484,000 |} 148,000 | 235,000 | 36,000] 41,000} 25,000
114,000 |} 70,000 | 32,000} 8,200 60! 3,600
The statement at top of next column gives detailed
statistics of the number and tonnage of vessels and
the number of boats.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS) OF CRAPT: Lake | pake | Lake | Lake | Lake
Total. Micht Huron |Superior| Erie |St. Clair
gan dis-| district. | district. | district. \district.
trict.
Vessels:
Fishing—
Number.......- 97 72 17 8: [vcasizecisiellasemdiens
Tonnage........ 1,407 879 323 QOD: Nha oiestcre cies) seco cron ays
Transporting—
Umber... 13 2 HAE NN ca seoatacs a) [lave eee ee
Tonnage... 73 17 DD: |ficratarsia cis atcflaca ctsmaeuras acetates aw
Boats, number... . 1,647 540 574 210 167 156
‘Steam and mo 445 201 133 62 36 13
i 210 47 128 bal eres pam
879 284 226 112 114 143
113 8 87 1 17) | Sissies
The shore and accessory property of the vessel
fisheries was valued at $137,000, that of the shore and
boat fisheries at $344,000, and that of transporting
vessels at $3,500. Of the cash capital, $67,000 is
credited to the vessel fisheries, $46,000 to the shore
and boat fisheries, and $600 to transporting vessels.
The total investment comprised $829,000 invested in
vessel fisheries, $1,159,000 in shore and boat fisheries,
and $26,000 in transporting vessels. No sailing ves-
sels were used, and the number of sailboats was com-
paratively small.
Gill nets and pound and trap nets were the principal
kinds of apparatus of capture. All of these nets were
used in both classes of fisheries, but gill nets were
used in vessel fisheries almost to the exclusion of other
apparatus, while pound and trap nets were more
generally used in shore and boat fisheries. The same
conditions were apparent at all previous canvasses.
On Lake Superior, however, gill nets were used in
much greater numbers than pound and trap nets in
shore and boat fisheries as well as in vessel fisheries.
The number of the various kinds of apparatus
reported was as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
s . sotri Distributed by class of
eon Distributed by districts. isheried.
Total.
Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake St. Vessel Shore and
Michigan | Huron Superior Erie Clair fisherie boat
district. district. district. district. district. eres. fisheries.
Fy K@and NOOp Mets secccn ane ensvemdwereeyesa vebevaets ot cebu tines: Zeles 1, O69: [lisse otccescices 694 8 361 6 Whsesve ciecteeeed 1,069
Gill Ne@tS <c:cec sess cesses & eiicr stot ince 2 55, 673 37, 688 10,341 $642) | ovens exeeee 2 36, 733 18, 890
Harpoons, spears, etc eee er Ase sad H53 \lsteeses see se QOB® | see srcierteart eee leatge SE See B45: Weweege cena 553
Pound and trap nets.......- eae ete athe 2,232 786 1,116 93 DBI | satan escod 35 2,197
BONES soc ceric stein ccisietieds anne a es 120 3 38 5 50 24 1 9
Traps; JOUSk at: eu setecaseheh swonenead ot ei hengace beat doeeoeis aw Ham itiee 130 Weise a Sk cal leet oeetatarde| tea remacedved F80! |e suave tarts |latnedenenses 130
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 170, gives the
weight and value of the product of the Michigan fisher-
ies, by species and apparatus of capture for 1908.
Twenty-three species were taken in the fisheries
of Michigan. Lake trout ranked first, the value of
this species, fresh and salted, forming 29 per cent
of the value of all products of the state. Whitefish of
all kinds, fresh, smoked, and salted, including the
longjaw and Menominee varieties and also whitefish
caviar, stood next to lake trout in importance, its
value forming 23 per cent of the value of all fishery
products from the state; whitefish alone, fresh,
salted, and smoked, contributed 20 per cent of the
value of all products. Lake herring were taken in
greater quantities than trout and whitefish combined.
The weight of this species formed 39 per cent of the
weight of all fishery products, but its value formed
only 21 per cent of the total value. Suckers, and the
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
various pike perches combined, ranked next in value.
The value of these five species formed 87 per cent of
the value of the entire state fishery product.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Tables 2 to 6, on pages
170 to 172, give, by species and apparatus of capture,
the quantities and values of the products of the Michi-
gan fisheries in 1908 for Lakes Michigan, Huron,
Superior, Erie, and St. Clair, respectively. The lakes
ranked in the order named with respect to value of
products. The following tabular statement gives the
value of the chief species, for the state and for the
respective lakes, ranked according to the value for the
“state as a whole;
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
alana Lake | Lake | Lake | Lake | Lake
Total. Michigan) Huron |Superior| Erie |St. Clair
district. | district. | district. |district.|district.
Potaleicess sceve sees $1,473,000 |/$661,000 [$486,000 |$201,000 /$93,000 | $32,000
Fislivessgenyedvs svcarekes 1,472,000 |) 660,000 | 486,000 | 201,000 | 93,000 32,000
TroU teen <)seattoseeese 424,000 || 206,000 | 89,000 | 129,000 |......../.....2..
Herring, lake........ 304,000 |} 206,000 900 Weert
Whitefish. ........... 297,000 || 183,000 16, 000 Q)
Suckers............-- 117,000 33, 000 4,500 700
Pike perch (wall-
eyed pike)......... 93, 000 4,500 | 76,000} 800]........ 12,000
Perch, yellow....-... 73,000 12, 000 4,000 3,700
Carp, German.....-. 55,000 100 33,000 | 11,000
Whitefish, longjaw... 36, 000 3,000 | 30,000] 3,000 |......-.)........
Pike and pickerel.... 32,000 1,800 24,000 1, 400
Catfish and bullheads 12, 000 200 600 500
Sturgeon and caviar. . 8,000 3, 500 1,000 1,800
Whitefish, Menomi-
NCCi.< 22-2 esmnicmad 6, 200 56000] ) 700! send ate oz ni] scemeries'| a4 eevee
All other... ....-..-- 14,000 1,700 6, 500 1,500
All othe? s.00).2 sscsceve cee 1,200 2 800 (oe
1 Less than $100. 2 Mussels. 3 Muskrat skins.
The fisheries in Lake Michigan furnished 45 per
cent both of the weight and of the value of the entire
Michigan product. The yield of Lake Huron was
next to that of Lake Michigan, contributing 34 per
cent of the weight and 33 per cent of the value of the
catch of the entire state. Of the eight species taken
in Lake Superior, trout was the most important, repre-
senting 47 per cent of the weight and 64 per cent of the
value of the products of this lake. A similar prepon-
derance of trout appeared in both the vessel fisheries
and the shore and boat fisheries. Whitefish and her-
ring made up the bulk of the remaining product in
both classes of the Lake Superior fisheries.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Lake Erie fish-
eries of Michigan were all of the shore and boat class,
15 species of fish were taken. The catch of this lake
represented only 8 per cent of the quantity and 6 per
cent of the value of the state product. No lake trout
were reported as taken in the fisheries of Lake Erie
and the lake herring taken formed only a negligible
proportion of the product. The German carp, a minor
species in the state as a whole, was the most important
product of this lake, the Lake Erie catch of this species
representing over one-half of the quantity and over
one-third of the value of the total catch of Lake Erie
for Michigan, and 69 per cent of the weight and 60 per
cent of the value of the catch of this species in the
state.
167
Lake St. Clair supplied about 2 per cent of the
Michigan fishery product. The leading species was
wall-eyed pike. German carp ranked next in value.
These two species contributed 72 per cent of the
weight and 71 per cent of the value of the total pro-
duct of this lake.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Tables 7 and 8, on
pages 172 and 173, give the products taken in the vessel
fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries of Michigan,
respectively, by species and by apparatus of capture.
The following tabular statement gives the value of the
products, by class of fisheries and by species, ranked
according to the value reported for the state as a whole:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
: Vessel Shore and
Total. fisheries boat
Z fisheries.
OAM cites weatceameaeehea ti eeuiwaene ey Ree $1,473,000 || $516, 000 $957, 000
ABS Hh 5: Spey: di casih seer eeseeSieasees ase eae ewes S48 e 1, 472,000 |} 516, 000 956, 000
TREO biocaciie tai cpoainyaie Beaywtnvongrecetobes ool 424, 000 266, 000 158,000
Herring) LAK. soo. scene cnesienuee se tes 304, 000 102, 000 202,000
Whitefish. . 297,000 110, 000 187,000
Suckers.......- 117,000 1,900 115,000
Pike perch (wall 93, 000 800 93,000
Perch, yellow...- 73, 000 900 72,000
Carp, German....... a 55, 000 1) 55, 000
Whitefish, longjaw......-.-.----..++---- 36, 000 33,000 3,100
Pike'and pickerel «5 2c..222:2e2seee.c0525 32, 000 400 32,000
Catfish and bullheads..............----- 12,000 100 2,000
Sturgeon and caviar.........-.-.--.----- 8,000 700 7,300
Whitefish, Menominee...............-.. 6, 200 Q@) 6,200
INTO GD Oris: crs acciencre bacosratsineasee seis iechslageracaaya 14, 000 800 13,000
Mussels and muskrat skins.................. Dy 20Q) Wee iteermcicesed 2 1, 200
1 Less than $100.
Products, by apparatus of capture—Pound nets and
gill nets both took large shares of the total catch.
The larger quantity is reported for pound nets, but
gill nets are credited with the greater value of the
product. Combined, these two kinds of apparatus took
a quantity representing 85 per cent of the total weight
and 86 per cent of the total value.
The value of the catch, by kinds of apparatus, for
the state and the respective lake districts, is given in
the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. ae Lake | Lake | Lake | Lake
Total. en Huron |Superior] Erie |St. Clair
district, | Uistrict. | district. |district.|district.
MObal xss.ceccrsig assis $1, 473,000 /|$661,000 |$486, 000 |$201, 000 |$93,000 | $32,000
Gill NGtS e.2803 serceescess 715, 000 |} 420,000 | 140,000 | 156,000 |........ ()
Pound nets, trap nets,
and weirs. - 550,000 |} 224,000 | 269,000 | 29,000 | 29,000 |........
Fyke and hoo 94,000 ||..-.....- 58, 000 100 | 36,000 100
Seines......- 55, 000 1,300 13, 000 400 | 27,000 | 13,000
DIMES w.s-6-00:6 52, 000 15, 000 3,200 | 16,000 700 | 17,000
AlLOther'. cccsese cacasnecc 7,000 801 95100! | oaecemec 400 2, 100
1 Less than $100.
In Lake Superior gill nets were most important by a
wide margin in both classes of fisheries and they were
also the leading apparatus of capture in Lake Michigan,
but in Lake Erie they were not used, and in Lake St.
Clair they were used but little. Pound and trap nets,
which were the most important apparatus of capture
168
on Lake Huron, owe their prominence in part to their
wide adaptability. Fyke and hoop nets, seines, and
lines were next in order. Lake trout contributed
more than half of the value of the gill-net catch, and
whitefish and herring furnished the greater part of the
remainder; while lake herring and whitefish composed
more than one-half of the pound and trap net catch.
Of the products taken with fyke and hoop nets,
suckers were the leading species, but although the
quantity of this species taken was more than double
that of any other, except German carp, it contributed
only a little more than a third of the value of the total
product taken by this class of nets. Fyke and hoop
nets were used to a greater extent in the shore and boat
fisheries of Lake Huron than elsewhere, but they were
of the greatest relative importance on Lake Erie. In
Lakes Erie and St. Clair, as a result of the prevalence
of carp, seines were among the most important forms
of apparatus of capture used. Carp contributed 68
per cent of the value of the seine capture of the state.
Of the value of the total line catch, 60 per cent repre-
sented lake trout. Every district and class of fisher-
ies, except the vessel fisheries of Lake Huron, reported
products taken with lines.
Lake trout.—Three species—lake trout, whitefish,
and lake herring—made up approximately 70 per cent
of the fishery product of Michigan. Lake trout fur-
nished 29 per cent of the value, though only 18 per
cent of the weight, of the state fishery product.
About 4 per cent of the catch was salted, but the gen-
eral practice in regard to this fish was to market it
fresh.
The following tabular statement shows the quantity
and value of the catch reported at the various can-
vasses from 1890 to 1908, inclusive. Since 1903 a
heavy decrease in quantity has taken place, but
prices have been such as to keep the value very nearly
the same.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
slightly higher prices. This fish was taken in each of
the five lakes, but considerably more than half came
from Lake Michigan. Lakes Erie and St. Clair con-
tributed but small proportions of the total. White-
fish has experienced a marked recovery from the down-
ward movement apparent in 1899 and 1903, but the
yield in 1908 was still far below that in 1890 with
respect to quantity, although the demand made its
value greater than the value reported for any previous
year for which statistics are available. Comparative
figures for the various canvasses beginning with 1890
are given below:
WHITEFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR. Quantit
uantity
(pounds). Value.
4,775,000 | $339,000
.---| 5,825,000 271,000
-| 4,016,000 173,000
7,725,000 312,000
Lake herring.—This fish was taken in greater quan-
tities than lake trout and whitefish combined, but its
value was less than that of either of these species.
Lake herring represented 39 per cent of the weight and
21 per cent of the value of the total product. Nearly
two-thirds of the catch was salted, practically all of
the salting being done by the shore and boat fishermen,
who in 1908 treated over three-fourths of their lake-
herring product in this way. This fish was not taken
in Lake St. Clair, nor in more than a negligible quantity
in Lake Erie.
The total lake-herring catch in 1908 exceeded in
quantity and value that of any previous year for which
statistics are available. The figures for the more re-
cent canvasses are as follows:
LAKE-HERRING
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
LAKE-TROUT PRODUCT. (pounds). Value.
peas 14,787,000 | $304,000
uantit, * 787, ,
eee Value. -.| 9,933,000 ] 220,000
12/986,000 | 248,000
6,394,000 | 87,000
6,798,000 | $424,000
-] 8: 688,000 | "426, 000
-| 6,691, 60, 000 : :
8,543,000 | 310,000 Suckers.—This species contributed 12 per cent of
Whitefish.—This product ranked second in value of
catch among all fishery products of Michigan. Two
species in addition to the common species were
taken, and a small amount of caviar was made from
the eggs. The totals given in the tabular statement
presented below are for all of these species combined,
including caviar. The great bulk of the catch
was sold fresh, but a small percentage was salted and
a very small amount smoked. The quantity taken by
the shore and boat fisheries was about a fifth larger
than that taken by the vessel fisheries, and brought
the weight and 8 per cent of the value of the state
fishery product, the catch in 1908 being scarcely in-
ferior to that of whitefish in weight, but only about
one-third as valuable. Only a small portion of the
total product of this species was salted, and almost
all of the quantity so treated came from Lake Michi-
gan. Nearly seven-tenths of the catch was made by
pound and trap nets, and the bulk of the remainder
was taken by fyke and hoop nets. This species has
shown a steady increase both in the weight and in the
value of the yield, as indicated by the following
tabular statement:
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
SUCKER PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit:
(pounds). Value.
ie ieieebi ian R eemtash ave tesco a, tanh r sree a, scecauesdve pieiecieaatars 4,467,000
4,087,000
1,775,000
$117,000
85,000
30,000
Pike perches.—Under this head are included the
blue pike, the sauger pike, and the wall-eyed pike,
which is many times more important than the two
first-named species in the catch of this state. The
blue pike was taken only in the vessel fisheries, while
the others were taken almost exclusively in the shore
and boat fisheries. All of the blue-pike product was
from Lake Michigan, and all of the salted sauger pike
came from the vessel fisheries of the same district.
Most of the catch of fresh sauger pike was from Lake
Erie. Aboutfour-fifths of the wall-eyed pike came from
Lake Huron, while most of the remainder was from Lake
St. Clair, of which this is the leading product, meas-
ured by value. In Lake Huron this species was taken
chiefly by pound and trap nets and in Lake St. Clair
chiefly by lines. A greater quantity of sauger pike was
taken with fyke and hoop nets than with pound and
trap nets, the only other class of apparatus for which
product of any importance wasreported. For the cap-
ture of blue pike gill nets were used exclusively. The
yield of pike perch was less in 1908 than in any of the
years for which a canvass has been made, but its value
was exceeded only by that of the catch of 1903.
Figures for the various canvasses are presented in the
following tabular statement:
PIKE-PERCH PRODUCT.
YEAR. Gunatit
uantity
(pounds). Value.
1,194,000 $98,000
2,318, 000 127,000
1,989, 000 92,000
1 2,690, 000 1 87,000
1 Includes pike.
Yellow perch.—This species contributed about 5 per
cent of the value of the state products, and was taken
almost wholly by the shore and boat fisheries. Lake
Huron furnished almost three-fourths of the total
value of the yellow perch caught and Lake Michigan
169
the greater part of the remainder. Over three-fourths
of the Lake Huron product was taken with pound and
trap nets, and fyke and hoop nets ranked next in im-
portance among the kinds of apparatus used. In
Lake Michigan gill nets took nearly as great a quan-
tity as pound and trap nets, and the catch was of
greater value; all but a small part of the catch was
taken by these two forms of apparatus. The yellow-
perch catch has increased in value steadily, but the
quantity taken in 1908, though greater than that
taken in 1903, was much less than the catch in 1899 or
1890.
YELLOW-PERCH
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
2,378,000 $73,000
2, 257,000 53,000
3, 137,000 41,000
3,029, 090 40,000
German carp.—This species is mentioned separately
because it has risen from an inferior rank to one of
prominence since the last canvass. Though con-
tributing only 6 per cent of the quantity and 8 per
cent of the value of the state product in 1908, Ger-
man carp ranked seventh in value and the quantity
caught was greater than that of yellow pérch. It
was not taken in Lake Superior, nor to any extent in
Lake Michigan, but it contributed over one-half of the
weight and over one-third of the value of the total
fishery product reported for Lake Erie, to which lake
over two-thirds of the weight of the Michigan capture
of carp is credited. The shore and boat fisheries of
Lake Huron reported about one-half of the weight and
over one-half of the value of the product not taken
in Lake Erie, while Lake St. Clair reported most of
the remainder.
GERMAN-CARP
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
2,459,000 $55, 000
580, 000 10, 000
218, 000 4,300
170 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasLe 1.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
es Pound nets, t Fyke and h All oth
; ound nets, trap 'yke and hoop A 3 other appa-
SPECIES. Gill nets. nets, and weirs. nets. Seines. Lines. ratus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOballee oxen date xprerge 38, 302, 000 |$1, 473, 000 | 13, 240, 000 | $715, 000 |19, 299, 000 |$550, 000 |2, 556,000 |394, 000 |2,051,000 |$55,000 | 855,000 |$52,000 | 301,000 | $7,000
Fish:
Black bass........------ 2,300 400 | 100 2) 200 (2)) is eeeeeede tl aerate s|aseebew sare |siesins oct 2,000 BOON es sisiets anette Sete
Carp, German.......... 2,459, 000 55, 000 300 2 241,000 4,500 | 491,000 | 13,000 |1,697,000 | 37,000 8,000 200 22,000 300
Catfish and bullheads...| 270,000 12,000 |, 7,100 300 134, 000 6,000 | 105,000), 4,300 17,000 700 5, 000 400 1,500 100
Dogfish, or bowfin. ..... $5, 000 T2008 wansseseselksdduwnete 13, 000 200) 72,000.1" 1, 0005)... .c0a.0c/ennensnel senzewines [amass ac 200) (2)
Drum, or sheepshead ... 186, 000 1,800 1, 700 (?) 90, 000 900 94,000 900 400 GQ) essence Saco ae eeast ences
Herring, lake .......... 304,000 || 3,840,000 | 133,000 |10, 930, 000 | 170, 000 2,400 100 3, 400 100 11,000 SOO sce asetes cl succes
Ling, or lawyer. 7 100 1,900 (2) 7,400 100 800 (2) Newsesezsea|smesesar 100 (Can reer ee pre es
Muskallunge. ..- a AOO! |) scieceeoisiareis nei) lecisoissnierseass 100 (2 ea eter ees eer eee 300 BV eesics ai tael arcemeana. ayaa 3, 600 300
Perch, yellow... ue 73,000 204, 000 7,200 | 1,526,000 | 43,000 | 450,000 | 16,000 44,000 | 1,500} 146,000 | 5,400 8,100 400
Pike and pickerel....... 478, 000 32,000 9, 400 500 221,000 | 15,000 | 207,000 | 15,000 16,000 | 1,100 6,300 300 18, 000 600
Pike perch (blue pike).. 270004). FOO 275000) FOO eco ecicce owe alee et ox (kommer bln aoe lece etes sieges linemexeullasaemunses! saeeeser
Pike perch (sauger)-.... 109, 000 64,000 | 2,300 200 @) |ecedissetes eeeesesslesaceeeevel seeeedes
Pike perch (wall-eyed
pike) 1, 058, 000 13,000 | 1,200} 107,000 | 10,000 | 148,000 | 10,000 39, 000 3,800
Rock bass. 57, 000 36,000 | 1,300 4,000 200 4,000 200 ico ace sidiexcedlereisseicse es
Sturgeon... 57, 000
Sturgeon cav: 1, 200
Suckers... .. --| 4,467,000
Sunfish —_ , 000
TrOWt .1 sexe eeces seen 6, 798, 000
White bass .........-.-- 37,000
WHI beFSI. 2 rescence 3, 753, 000
Whitefish (ongjaw)...- 870, 000
Whitefish (Menominee). 149, 000
Whitefish caviar.......- 2,300
Allothers.25 sccucssese0= 8,700
Miursselsissi.c.2s2cis sn aciaeas nevs 200, 000 alled mie Sex torsen| eae eapaiars.ofis-aisia slnebiace felon a ee 200, 000 800
Skins, muskrat..-.....-.-.- 300) |. - 400 i aeccteantc conan cial cre seceaiacsl nasnicc sie ecergoneccfemmecceallina Rplietaeni earcianseies eeassisaine [Reece 300 400
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Harpoons, spears, etc., 100,000 pounds, valued at $5,800; crowfoot dredges, etc., 200,000 pounds, valued at $800; and musk-
rat traps, 300 pounds, valued at $400.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
TaBLe 2.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Pound nets, trap nets ; : Crowfoot dredges
SPECIES. Gill nets. aTdaeelrs. y Lines. Seines. Sie ae
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value, (pounds). Value (pounds). Value.
Totalis y: seeeeeete ay sesees 17,044,000 | $661,000 7,042,000 | $420,000 | 9,526,000 | $224,000 246,000 | $15,000 31,000 $1, 300 200, 000 $800
Fish:
Carp, German.............- 3, 800 100 300
Catfish and bullbeads...... 2,500 200 700
Drum, or sheepshead 24,000 400 1,700
Herring, lake, fresh.........] 2,625,000 | 108,000 2,123, 000
Herring, lake, salted........ 6,479, 000 98, 000 12,000
Ling, or lawyer........----- 8,300 100 1,900
Perch, yellow... ewe 348, 000 12,000 140, 000
Pike and pickerel........... 21,000 1,800 1,700
Pike perch (blue pike)...... 27,000 700 27,000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike). 52,000 4,500 1,600 50, 000
SHIPREON s occa ce sceece recess: 21,000 2,800 600 100 20, 000
Sturgeon caviar. Sanco 800 FOO! || 2 ctersioe Sarr eefe sesame 800
Suckers, fresh . 1, 223, 000 28,000 135,000 4,400 | 1,070,000
Suckers, salted 16, 000 4,600 67, 000 1,900 145, 000
Trout, fresh. --| 3,214,000 | 203,000 2,873,000 | 180,000 172,000
Trout, salted 22. asscs2ss.00. 70, 000 3, 600 65, 000 3, 400 4,700
White Dass... 22 .cisceaxs ress 2,000 100 || ° 700 (1) 1,300
Whitefish, fresh . --| 2,172,000 | 174,000 1,403,000 | 112,000 763, 000
Whitefish, salted 137, 000 8, 600 35, 000 2, 200 102, 000
Whitefish (longjaw), fresh. . 68, 000 3,000 63, 000 2,800 4, 200
Whitefish (Menominee),
POS. s cresnates gis seniclsapsice sea 36,000 1,300 33, 000 1, 200 3,000
Whitefish (Menominee),
SallCd « excen. aoeaesasees oe 91, 000 4, 200 54, 000 2, 600 37,000
Whitefish caviar. ae 2,100 200 600 100 1, 500
AMO ter onic os stgemisesieys 1,300 100 400 (1) 900
MEUISSOIS). 2 vicrestianade Soa haetae 26 200, 000 BOO) lecteiersieceachia geal] deediaieatse alle arataea teeter overseas Seals eae alee peeeeaed [seecemneiac eeees kes 200, 000 800
£ Less than $100. 2 Less than 100 pounds.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 171
TaBLe 8.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE HURON DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Pound nets, tra; F Fyke and hoo . Harpoons, spears, A
SPECIES. nets, and yee Gill nets. nets. = Seines. etc. Lines.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity) 7, Quantity] yy.
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Dolal, wecssesecseszecasss 12, 932,000 |$486, 000 |/8, 589, 000 |$269, 000 |2, 468, 000 |$140, 000 |1, 520,000 |$58,000 | 264,000 |$13,000 | 42,000 | $3,700] 50,000 | $3,200
Carp, German...............---- 407,000 | 11,000 || 149,000 2,900 1) (?) 207,000 | 7,500 45, 000 700 5,900 200: leseunsceealnscenews
Catfish and bullheads. 174,000 | 7,500 |! 118,000] 5,300 6,300 200} 39,000} 1,600} 10,000 400 |...---...-|---2---- Goo} @)
Dogfish, or bowfin .... 82,000} 1,200 13, 000 Di" | Rena oe A 69,000} 1,000 |..........).2...... 200) C@)* © | zagaseersedl ccen vane
Drum, or sheepshead ........... 8, 100 100 8,100 TOO: | rst esezicellCodearsentsiees ioe cies | seated dee added casa mae nalineGeraaea| mamacsecien eaten
Herring, lake, fresh.............. 1, 239,000 | 21,000 |/1,121,000 | 16,000] 115,000] 4,800 1,900
Herring, lake, salted... c2ccseass 2,824,000 | 51,000 |/2,824,000 | 51,000 |..........).........).22...-.--
Pereh, Yellow < <0 jesse jenectes 1,805,000 | 53,000 |/1,362,000 | 37,000] . 64,000} 1,800] 342,000
Pike and pickerel_.............. 63, 000 4, 200 37,000 2, 400 7,000 300 15,000
Pike perch Seu i) Coe 3, 500 100 3,100 100 10 (2) 200
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)... ._ 829,000 | 76,000 668,000 | 61,000 23,000 1,800 11,000
Rock bass 48, 000 1,700 13, 000 JOO: eed cxomoss| mananeecne 36, 000
Sturgeon...... 9,900 1,200 9, 400 1,200 400 100 ithe
Sturgeon caviar 300 100 300 DOO Wee cestcceyerstsvs | aimee aie
Suckers; fresh isis soe cise eee 2,566,000 | 76,000 ||1,645,000 | 42,000 53,000 1,300 | 789,000
Suckers, salted...............--- 9, 400 200 9,200 200 200 2) * esetercrersrarets
UI coe assess Soviet dom aden 34, 000 900 23, 000 500 800 2) 8, 500
TOUG TCS Bcc wiceasdetaas seeks 1,353,600 | 89,000 113, 000 6,800 }1, 195,000 | 79,000 4)
Trout, Saltedics cies sania onesies 5,.800 201 ; 201 2,000 100) | ccccsese:
Whitefish, fresh.......... 693,000} 58,000 447,000 | 39,000 | 245,000
Whitefish, salted __- 13, 000 600 13, 000 601 100
Whitefish, smoked _........ 13, 000 DS 200 | sce esicenae dee egenare 13,000
Whitefish (longjaw), fresh 728,000} 30,000 700 (2) 727,000
Whitefish (Menominee), fresh... . 19,000 600 3,900 100 15, 000 ADO Vereen 2] aoc Sciex 100 (Ne Gece emmellle pearl leph ae bee eel want ote
Whitefish (Menominee),
3, 000 100 2,700
100 (2) 100
1,900 100 1,000
1 Less than 100 pounds.
2 Less than $100.
TaBLe 4.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. ee ‘ A
; ound nets, trap nets. . ,
SPECIES. Gill nets. andaweirs: 2 Lines. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity . Quantity
(pounds). | V4. || (pounds). | V8!" | qounds). | V#!¥* | Cpounds). Value. | Gounds\. | V#4e | Gounds). | Value:
TOtAl scan Sideehes ve tes’ 4,579,000 | $201,000 3,731,000 | $156,000 554,000 | $29,000 286,000 | $16,000 5, 800 $400 2,100 $100
Herring, lake, fresh............- 1,304, 000 20,000 1,277,000 19, 000 27,000
Herring, lake, salted 314, 000 6,000 314, 000 95 900) | ectcie 2 eet meet
Pike and pickerel. .. . 24, 000 1.000 200 Qa 23, 000
Pike perch (wall-eyed 10,000 800 800 100 7,600
SHUPRCOM s.. s5 es vevaeesieg veces 4, 200 ADO: | |e eoars cyorepape.2| perassdcccee 4,200
Suckers, fresh....-..-.-.------- 154, 000 2, 800 9, 200 300 145, 000
Suckers, salted 6,900 100 1, 400 () 5, 500
Trout, APESH 6 2 <scgececcseocisie 1,941,000 | 117,000 1, 525, 000 93, 000 158, 000
Trout, salted.............------ 214, 000 12,000 184, 000 10, 000 1,500
Whitefish, fresh........-..----- 513, 000 37,000 342,000 23,000 166, 000
Whitefish, salted........... 18, 000 1,300 5, 800 401 2,000
Whitefish (longjaw), fresh. - 68, 000 2,800 63, 000 2,600 4,800
Whitefish hoe salted 7,000 300 7,000 OOM sc cia aicpatarateiare
Less than $100.
172 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLeE 5.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
areas. Fyke and hoop nets. here nets, Seines. Lines. Muskrat traps.
Quantit: Quantit: Quantity Quantit; Quantit Quantit
@onnds); Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value,
WOtal. ca.0L3ssckeaeueseces 3,010,000 | $93,000 || 1,031,000 | $36,000 630,000 | $29,000 | 1,343,000 | $27,000 5,000 $700 300 $400
Fish:
Carp, German.............. 1, 684,000 33, 000 284, 000 5,700 88,000 1,500 | 1,311,000
Catfish and bullheads. 87,000 3, 600 66, 000 2,700 15, 000 600 5,500
Drum, or sheepshead 154, 000 L 300 94, 000 900 60, 000 400 400
Herring, lake............... 2,100 100 500 Q) 1, 600 100 |..........--
Perch, yellow.............. 133, 000 4,000 108, 000 3,300 21,000 600 3,300
Pike and pickerel. 338, 000 24,000 189, 000 14, 000 142,000 9, 900 6, 100
Pike perch.........-----.-- 105,000 3,300 64, 000 2, 200 41, 000 1,100 |............
SCUTPZCON... s..5 55 scons cies 9, 000 1,000 1,300 100 3,600 BOO, | els: seccisrere.cieis
Suckers....-...-...-------- 258, 000 4,500 160, 000 2,900 82,000 1, 300 16, 000
White bass ................ 35, 000 1, 700 26, 000 1,300 7,800 300
Whitefish. .........22.2.2.. 193, 000 16, 000 34,000 3, 100 159, 000 13,000 |eciscnceccss
Allother 2.5 sci. sccemceicie cc 11,000 100 3,000 @) , 200 100» Vecarsisceisrmctonecec
Muskrat skins.................. 2 300 400 |) esa nearesgalcsosegeenal paieowesees ge|20oseewegalveowesesrouy
1 Less than $100. 21,000 skins.
TaBLeE 6.—MICHIGAN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ST. CLAIR DISTRICT: 1908.!
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
senting: Lines. Seines. Harpoons, spears, etc. |Gill, fyke, and hoop nets.
Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantity Quantity
(pounds). | Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. | (hounds). | V2™e- | (Sounds). | Value.
Ota) owen ee weore esee wee eeeexaseeeeeed 737,000 | $32,000 269,000 | $17,000 408,000 | $13,000 59, 000 $2, 100 2,600 $100
BISCK PASS sors Sissel sisasals Meee exckaee 2,000 400 2,000 AOD! IN Sox tires eee ise cen oe te ae ee NES gasket cio asain aizis capsiele
Carp, German.......... 365, 000 11, 000 8, 000 200 341,000 10,000 16, 000 200 I cbakccnser: St Keman deer
Catfish and bullheads , 000 500 3, 500 300 800 (2) 1,500 100 200 (2)
Mooneye, or toothed herring 500 AN ay al eucteterescasieesiainrers| aisle cieneaee 500 2) Weetgeticatonad| beachens cdl et cer oemsantee emcee we
Muskalling @iiicsicaseesceueneresaeeionk’ cated 3,900 BOO! | ccc ntiteceacyeten peotite s Stine 300 () 3, 600 BOO pices aceerciacerststeaist mimi we
Perch, yellows <seexcsceoecses seecencsee vets 92,000 3,700 82,000 3, 300 2,000 100 8,000 BOO: ecrsihevcis eelsiste a: |tardisiseicctcte
Pike and pickerel 32, 000 1, 400 6, 000 300 6,500 400 18, 000 600 1,300 100
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 167,000 12,000 148, 000 10, 000 15, 000 1, 200 3, 500 200 Wiss censcic net ey | Relate Same
ROCK DaSS eee auiese + x9 exececsiis pews eciia , 10 300 4,00 20 4,000 200) | norgensmesened| eeeewas car 100 Q)
Shr CON say oc ads pease ay Seee erase eyes 13, 000 1, 600 13, 000 1, 600 400 2) sensed Soenteties el Seca ele a Scns cH a a
Sturgeon caviar. 2 100 100 100 100 Aye ss Mate auctions onan anieanlh cso e ciee aac maa angeae:
Suckers...... 34, 000 100! |e ents parents] netics 33, 000 BOO! Pics caicsieja dS sitcctesses | esausieitis cases 900 2
Sunfish... 14,000 400 2,000 100 4,000 100 8,000 200 (3) 3
WHItEHSH oacsccseese Auoccesemanaseeciecinenace (8) 2 iNlessssuivncasisiete lostentamaisaul lage em ema ane|hcadewemes adeta aaeerusat eaeeerncen (3) 2)
1 All taken in shore and boat fisheries. 2 Less than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds.
TaBLE 7.—MICHIGAN—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
A Pound nets, trap nets. : f
SPECIES. Gill nets. and weirs. : Lines. Seines.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds). | Value. || Gounds). | Value | (founds). | Value. | (Sounds; | Value. (pounds Value.
TO Gav tascrvayeecesceclsiess 21> 12 eemseksleiscicecloay 8,979,000 | $516,000 8, 635, 000 | $497,000 190, 000 $9, 400 134,000 39,000 20, 000 $800
Herring, lake, fresh.........---.-----2--2--- 2,403,000 | 100,000 2, 365, 000 99, 000 33, 000 800 2,700 100 2,000 100
Herring, lake, salted..-....-...-2--2---22+-- 73,000 1, 200 40, 000 500 33, 000 1003 || accesses lemians eee | beaacaaed wes enemas mons
Pereh, Yellows :.25 Jai scicarnaeaeeemmcte cansbed 26, 000 900 21, 000 800 1, 400 () 4,000 100 400 Q)
Pike and pickerel.. 6, 400 400 600 () 5, 800 Wd cedanrextiaaceulsaneecssielxiehuassasicadldemenaaabn
Pike perch (blue pike)...............-------- 27,000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)...............-- 11, 000
LWP ROOM sc) ctreecsssi8. 2 sisterrcalvined paiement ames 5, 100
StUPCON! CAVIAT sites: visio src sascie sdiswreemne Sime 100
Suckers; {resh...s-eevecewsanbs aeseeeres eee 61,000 1,800 ||
Suckers, salted. . 4, 400 100
Trout, fresh..... 4,079,000 | 261,000 |
TMOULE, SALGCD 5: sso. 022 eresgrcirs sve lave argverdbheseiesiseleseibutiers 92, 000 4, 800 |
Whitefish, fresh oniiccnccmracscmacaraies ace 1,369,000 | 108, 000 |) 1,314,000 | 104,000
Whitefish, salted. . 21,000 1, 200 |) 17, 000 1,000
Whitefish (longjaw) . 794, 000 33, 000 I 794, 000 33, 000
All other's cgsec2seceweeese ce eee eewacs cin , 50 200 2, 200 100
1
Less than $100.
\
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 173
TaBLeE 8.—MICHIGAN—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
PB : c : pi Allother appa-
SPECIES. a eae Gill nets. F Saseutrs hoop Seines. Lines. pee PP
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value
Total..........---2..2.+2. 29, 323, 000 |$957, 000 ||19, 109,000 |$541,000 |4, 605,000 |$219, 000 |2, 556,000 |$94, 000 |2,031,000 [$54,000 | 721,000 /$43,000 | 301,000) $7,000
Fish:
Black bass.................. 2,300 400 200 (2) 100 (Cr “lodensce leas o2 | acaccyets| pateeaes 2,000 OO) | ssn eeeeiees renee
Carp, German.............. 2,459,000 | 55,000 241,000 | 4;500 300 () 491,000 | 13,000 ]1, 697,000 | 37,000 8,000 200} 22,000 300
Catfish and bullheads ...... 269, 000 12,000 134, 000 5,900 6, 600 200 105,000 | 4,300 17,000 701 5, 000 400 1,500 100
Dogfish, or bowfin ......... 85, 000 1, 200 13, 000 OI | cectneacechevau comes PET LJ lcs occadedlamaemers oueaenemmrabianawete 200 (2)
Drum, or sheepshead....... 183,000 | 1,800} — 87,000 900 1, 600 @) 94, 000 900 A005)? (2) | nawesevete | severene|Meembetere| state snc
Herring, lake, fresh ........| 2,767,000 | 48,000 | 1,605,000 | 21,000 |1, 150,000 ] 27,000 2, 400 100 1, 400 (?) 8,000 AD. | war cia cata Bewisnnas
Herring, lake, salted ....... 9, 544,000 | 154,000 |} 9,258,000 | 148,000 | 286, 000 80 600 (2)
Ling, or lawyer. 9,100 100 6, 900 1 1, 400
Muskallunge.. 4,000 400 100 (AY | casces ars size
Perch, yellow... 2,351,000 | 72,000 || 1,525,000 | 43,000 184, 000 450, 000
Pike and pickerel........... 471,000 215, 000 8, 700 500 | 207,000 | 15,000 16,000
Pike perch (sauger), fresh...] 108, 000 100 (2) 64,000 | 2,300 201
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).} 1,047,000
Rock bass. . aa ,000} 2,100 |} 13,000) 400 |..........].........
Sturgeon... 52, 000
Sturgeon cav: 1,100: |, 800: ]!) 000] 200 ecececeeccll ctrerncave| silat sti ella seen
Suckers, fresh. 4, 174, 000 175, 000 5,400 | 950,000 | 34,000 129, 000
Suckers, salted 228, 000 67, 000 15900: |eeuerciwis. cles senes , 000
Sunfish....-.. 48, 000 800 (2) 8, 600 300 5, 100
Trout, fresh 2, 429, 000 1, 662,000 | 101,000 3) (2) 1, 600
Trout, salte 198, 000 161, 000 FOO) | eccSnse cede ceiethass rite
White bass....... a 37,000
Whitefish, fresh. . 2, 202, 000
Whitefish, salted . 148, 000
Whitefish, smoked = 18, 000
Whitefish lonaey fresh... 70, 000
Whitefish (longjaw), salted. . 7,000
Whitefish (Menominee),
APOSD oo c.csere ccinpseaecesmes 54, 000
Whitefish (Menominee),
Salted 3: asco aticencicisine ae 94, 000
Whitefish caviar............ 2, 300
Allother. ..c.0c-ccceeceeeeees 8,700
MUSSCIS¢ sececeseeracasatesanases 200, 000 SOO} [vex sersh os eGyaeens parca a ee Neste ac saeco lill Sela daa sorstaes| svasdsasena/Sizjaralfs alae Sis cial leldagss d Seesareie [si Sapsiovales late eae ete emanace 200, 000 800
Muskrat skins...........-.-...- 300 AQO: | ie sereccrecactee| apse sine eee lberaee vikiessccsciel| Sicetshcrauaths | Secsecarae She el fisratd Sea retanal| Seay ecb aecycheleasiepesacrd ¢ [enassistgce cislbnal eveareceterees 300 400
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Harpoons, spears, etc., 100,000 pounds, valued at $5,800; crowfoot dredges, etc., 200,000 pounds, valued at $800; and musk-
tat traps, 300 pounds, valued at $400.
MINNESOTA.
The chief fishing grounds of the state of Minnesota
are the Mississippi River and Lake Superior. Com-
mercial fishing is carried on to a considerable extent
also in the numerous small lakes and rivers of the
state, especially in the St. Croix and other tributaries
of the Mississippi River, and in the Lake of the Woods
and Rainy Lake, which are tributary to Hudson Bay.
No vessel fishery existed in the state in 1908, and
the fisheries of Minnesota were entirely of the shore
and boat class, although four vessels were engaged in
transporting on the Lake Superior waters.
The following statement presents a summary of the
chief statistics for the Minnesota fisheries in 1908:
Number of persons employed. ...--------------+++++++- 934
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ......-.--------- $52, 000
Apparatus of capture... .--.-------------22ee crete 43, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.......------- 33, 000
Value of products.......-.--------+-+e2ee ete rete rrr 192, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—Although leg-
islation limiting the fishing on the interior waters to
hand lines and spears has caused a decided falling off
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
in the products of the fisheries of this state since 1897,
about one-third of the value of the products of the
state fisheries on the Mississippi River and its tribu-
taries in 1908 represented the value of products from
the interior lakes and rivers, a fact which indicates a
revival of commercial fishing on these waters. Dur-
ing the past few years carp have multiplied to such
an extent in the lakes and other interior waters that
in certain cases the game wardens have issued to fish-
ermen special licenses to seine the lakes for this fish.
The next comparative summary shows the changes
that have taken place in the fisheries of the Lake
Superior district since 1899 and in those on the
smaller lakes and interior rivers since 1894. In
the tabulation for 1908 the fisheries of the Lake
of the Woods and Rainy Lake have been included
with the Lake Superior fisheries, instead of with those
of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.
A comparison of the statistics given in the summary
shows that there has been a steady growth in the
Lake Superior district, and that commercial fishing on
the tributaries of the Mississippi is gradually recover-
ing from the temporary setback caused by the passage
of stringent laws.
174
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
DISTRICT AND ployed, Vessels
YEAR. exclusive} and Appa- Quantit
ofshores-|/ Total. |/ boats, in-] ratus of || ( ounids}. Value.
men. cluding | capture. || ‘P :
outfit.
Lake Superior dis-
trict:
212 $55, 000 $32,000 | $23,000 |} 3,802,000 | $83, 000
192 29, 000 10, 000 19,000 || 2,176,000 | 45,000
127 24, 000 7, 900 16, 000 609,000 | 14,000
Mississippi River
district:!
TQO8 2 crs iersizis sissies 719 389, 000 20, 000 19,000 || 3,674,000 | 109,000
1899... 458 8, 400 3, 000 5, 400 |} 1,322,000 | 40,000
NBQ4 ozs s coeeee 895 92, 000 38, 000 54,000 |) 6,401,000 | 163, 000
1 Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake are included in the Lake Superior district in
1908, and in the Mississippi River district in 1894 and 1899.
Persons employed.—The following tabular statement
gives the number and distribution of the persons em-
ployed in the fisheries of Minnesota in 1908. Over
two-thirds of the total number were independent fish-
ermen in the Mississippi River district.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908,
Number.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
tors and | Wage- || Wages.
Total. ||independ-) earn-
ent fisher-| ers.
men.
TOtilcaccavryeeyoerexeanisknxentereshs 934 1 807 127 2 $29, 000
Transporting vessels_... 13 3 10 4,900
Shore and boat fisheries ee 918 804 114
Shoresmen.............-..------- SB: | atasvaeexres 3 24, 000
Mississippi River district (shore and boat
TISHCLNIES) aire aera ae nc eeemmsecsse comes 719 649 70 9, 500
Lake Superior district...............2.222.- 215 158 57 20, 000
Transporting VOSS Siena ee wwensmeceeses 13 3 10 4,900
Shore and boat fisheries. . 199 155 44 14, 000
DP RORESIMCT os posi 85 see ooh aiesie ee iniete ke einicie Ce | omens eee 3 600
1 Exclusive of six proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $4,200.
Equipment and other capital —The following tabular
statement gives statistics of the investment of the
state in fisheries, including the value of vessels, boats,
and apparatus of capture, together with other capita]
employed in 1908:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Mississippi Lake
Total. River Superior
district. district.
NO GAN 62,20 cceGi Se snassleiescecemaeey $127,000 $46, 000 $81,000
Transporting vessels (steam and motor), in-
cluding outfit 16,000
Vessels... . 13,000
Outfit 3,200
Boats wiscnc acne 16,000
Steam and motor.......-.--.-- 8, 600
LUD a eels Se ci ase a tae 1,700
RO Weege oa ctelzi cites estteszcigst Nea 4,700
OUNCE 2 Seti saoh tates 800
ape arous of capture l.......2.... : 23, 000
Shore and accessory property...-. oe 22,000
GAS Mize reteset caches Spe mncecpesieatebn tn rent edats ispaspeas 4,200
1 All reported by the shore and boat fisheries.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The four transporting vessels on the Lake Superior
waters were steam and motor craft. The rowboats
were divided between the Mississippi River and the
Lake Superior fisheries in proportions about equal to
the relative size of their respective total fleets. All of
the sailing craft reported belonged to the Lake Supe-
rior district.
The value of the transporting vessels belonging to
the Lake Superior district makes the investment in
vessels and boats in that district much higher than that
in the Mississippi River district, which had products of
a greater value.
In the fisheries of the Lake Superior district 39 per
cent of the capital was invested in floating craft, while
29 per cent was invested in apparatus of capture. A
little over one-half of the investment in vessels and
boats represented the value of transporting vessels.
The following tabular statement gives detailed sta-
tistics of the number of vessels and boats:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
GEASS JOE CR AE Ts Mississippi Lake
Total. River Superior
district. district.
Dotalecscersivs cs Mictaseece veeeeees 693 482 211
Transporting vesselst............-22-2-+2-+-- 4 \laceredsseeee: 4
WOOUS! socc cr cla site Scie ance tel des ee tceeten! 689 482 207
Steam and motor..............2.2.2----- 82 64 18
RON asanie eer dates Se orca iecnra oa ales arc Pere aiesasts 20) || sesrecaisieierss
ROW ijsciedcicmeaaals seehee xa seansccemesesss 577 412 165
OUR ORs s:5cct seme soreeeeneseces aaareunicn. 10 6
1 Tonnage, 45.
A large increase is evident in the total value of the
floating craft of the Lake Superior fisheries in 1908, as
compared with 1899, when the value was only $7,900.
In the earlier year this district had only 91 boats, none
of which were motor boats, while in the later year there
were 211 boats, of which 18 were power boats. In the
Mississippi River district the value of the boats was
only $3,000 in 1899, and in that year only 263 boats
were reported, as compared with 482 in 1908.
The total investment in apparatus of capture was
$43,000. The investment of the Lake Superior dis-
trict in apparatus of capture exceeded that of the
Mississippi River district, and was confined to gill nets,
lines, and pound nets. In the interior waters of the
state, except for a few dip nets, only hand lines and
spears were reported. In the following tabular state-
ment detailed statistics concerning the number of
various kinds of apparatus of capture are given:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
HIND: Mississippi Lake
Total. River Superior
district. district.
Dip Mets ise 53,522 a soe et Gasereomnes 34
Fyke and hoop nets. ..........-2:2000e020005 234
NOUS s,s ccc sccenie sc namoncssseaesceen 1, 288
PABA DONE sta bxowaresiy seneanamayengsaah 162
PF SUCS ss nscnl su wemuneramaternewunndiase rere cae 86
SPOTS, CU0 veda ociestue cs tad Stsaie eu ee deaeieia 212
TAT MNG] GO 5 osc sis cicjerat sje sine wearers eke Serine 6
THOADS (POR as secsaie nesainetnes cissciiaue Banrnceuien 43
Traps, mink and muskrat................... 1,980
FISHERIES,
Products, by species.—The fishery products of the
state in 1908 are distributed by species and by appa-
ratus of capture in Table 1, on page 177. The total
of 7,475,000 pounds, valued at $192,000, represents a
large increase over the products in 1899, the latest year
prior to 1908 for which complete data for the state as a
whole are available. In 1899 the total yield, as re-
ported by the Bureau of Fisheries, was only 1,931,000
pounds, with a value of $55,000. The year 1899, how-
ever, is an unfavorable year for comparison because
of the fact that restrictive legislation recently passed
had caused a temporary decline in the fishery activi-
ties of the state. A more correct conception of the
rate of decrease may be obtained from a comparison
of the figures for 1908 with those given in the report
of the Bureau of Fisheries for 1894, which showed the
fishery products of the Mississippi River district of the
state alone in that year to be 6,401,000 pounds.
The catch of fish proper in 1908 amounted in the
ageregate to 6,616,000 pounds, or 89 per cent of the
total weight of all fishery products, and was valued at
$173,000, or 90 per cent of the total value of such
products.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The products of the
Mississippi River and its tributaries and those of the
Lake Superior district for 1908 are given in detail, by
species and by apparatus of capture, in Tables 2 and 3,
on pages 177 and 178, respectively.
The catch of the Mississippi River district amounted
to 3,674,000 pounds and had a value of $109,000,
while the catch of the fisheries of Lake Superior
amounted to 3,802,000 pounds, valued at $83,000. In
the fisheries of the Mississippi River and its tributa-
ries the value of fish proper constituted 82 per cent of
the value of the total product, while in the Lake Supe-
rior district the entire product was fish proper. Of the
value of fish, 48 per cent was reported for the Lake
Superior fisheries and 52 per cent for the Mississippi
River fisheries. The most important product of the
Mississippi River district was German carp, for which
a value of $26,000, or 24 per cent of the total for
the district, was reported, although the value of the
uffalo-fish product was nearly as great.
In the Lake Superior district herring was the prin-
cipal product, with a value of $38,000, or 46 per cent
of the total value of the products of this district.
The next tabular statement gives the distribution
of the value of fishery products, according to species
and districts.
The quantity and value of the products taken by the
fisheries of the Lake Superior waters show a gradual
increase, according to the reports of the Bureau of
Fisheries. The Lake Superior products amounted to
183,000 pounds, valued at $6,200, in 1890; 609,000
pounds, valued at $14,000, in 1899; and 2,176,000
pounds, valued at $45,000, in 1903.°
BY STATES. 175
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Secs: Mississippi Lake
Total. River Superior
district. district.
MO tal we scrajscais,cio.e. xniseieresescie.« cistern meee $192, 000 $109, 000 $83, 000
Pishivycsce csccaneas seas eseweesne te eeeehesie xt 173,000 90,000 , 000
Tae ORE Bs cscs pera icin Soy ocsninjenineen ness 38,000) |[eweneecesces 38,000
Carp, GOrman . «.2:s.<.scscesrcicisies s c:necentowisen ce 26, 000 26,000 |saeexxcens<
Binilalo Msi. 3. a2 eciccecease vacadeae ied 22,000 22,000. |-sz2vsasmse%
Catfish and bullheads- - 14, 000 VA 000 lars xinrcisinse saint
Pike perch v2... <2 nececceceksboweeerem=ss 12,000 1,100 11,000
Waikce Growth. yc: 2 zersecvernistata/zen. 2 head ahceermutnetesa i L74(0) 00a | eee eee 12,000
Sturgeon and caviar.......--2.2.222.-055 11,000 5,800 5,400
Pike and pickerel....................2.- 11,000 5,900 5,100
Wihitetish: ccs couas casas sesetacea eit 10000! |l ee -cese cies, 10,000
JAM OUNGT 226 32 2:2 2.212.202 ane oies = Menace 15, 000 14,000 1,000
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs Be 8,400 8;400! | csscezexcwes
OR Sts. Scab ae henwrs Sexe so ee Ratan hats 7,900 F900} | ccciwcahivanes
ANLOthets s.o62..ccetceraiedeasd tochoseansaens 2,900 25900! ccriaciteicaee
In the following tabular statement the distribution
of the value of products of the Lake Superior district
in 1908 is shown, by species and by waters:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR
DISTRICT: 1908.
SPECIES. ree
Lake axe Ol) Rainy
Total. the
Superior. Woods. Lake.
Potal.ncceceyerssccceweies sees ees $83, 000 $50,000 | $27,000 $6, 200
Lake hering 6.0 2s cece sevecseemecs 38,000 38,000 | ssccess evelexcexcen se
Takeout. 2s aoeesietwet sence 12,000 125000: | create sels seieesces
Pike perch...... 3 AD OOO: Iii ic eccinierasess 9,500 1,400
Whitefish.......... 10,000 200 8,000 2,200
Sturgeon and cavia: 55400 Yew eens 5,000 300
Pike and pickerel. . i 5100 Ws eece soos 4,000 1,100
Allothers.cccass2nceaessaceca ssc cwascc 1,000 800. feccrsiecse sie:2 200
It appears that lake herring and lake trout were
the only fish caught in any considerable quantity in
Lake Superior itself. All of the pike perch, sturgeon,
pike, and pickerel, and nearly all of the whitefish re-
ported for the Lake Superior district were obtained
from the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake.
Products, by apparatus of capture —The distribution
of products, by kind of apparatus used and by fishery
districts, is given in the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
TAND. OP APPARATUS: Mississippi Lake
Total. River Superior
district. district.
TOtal vecrsicniied eeteelee mais ees $192,000 | $169, 000
DOINGS nsco2ceccmcums 04 edade tenia ecaereee ae ke 53,000 53, 000
Gill nets). .20cce005sexewosecenae eeeriedeaaes 50, 000 1,500
Pound nets-...... 44,000 10, 600
Lines a5 22,000 21,000
Crowfoot dredges, etc........- 8,300 8,300
Frog, mink, and muskrat trap 2,800 2,800
Fyke and hoop nets........-...---- ne 2,800 2,800
AA Ob Ob saciiatedacat See dswcate Meaeerecete cae 9,800 9,800
On the basis of the value of products taken, seines,
gill nets, and pound nets were the most important
forms of apparatus of capture, the value of their catch
together constituting three-fourths of the total value
of all products. For the Lake Superior waters the
176
products caught by means of gill nets and pound nets
had a value equal to 98 per cent of that of all products.
On the Mississippi River and its tributaries, on the
other hand, the catch by gill nets was small and the
catch by pound nets was valued at less than one-
fourth of the total value of products caught by pound
nets in the state. Lines were the only other form of
apparatus of capture used in the Lake Superior dis-
trict. Only 7 per cent of the total value of the products
caught by lines contributed to the catch from these
waters. In the interior waters of the Mississippi
River district, on the other hand, where only hand
lines and spears were allowed by law, lines formed an
important means of capture. Almost one-fifth of the
value of the fishery products of the Mississippi River
district represented the value of product caught by
hand lines.
Principal species—Lake herring, taken wholly in
Lake Superior, formed the most important fishery
product of the state, contributing 20 per cent of the
value of all fishery products. A part of the lake-
herring catch was sold fresh at a valuation of $21,000,
while the remainder, which was sold salted and smoked,
brought $18,000. This fish was caught entirely by
means of gill nets.
The entire catches of German carp, buffalo fish, and
catfish were taken in the Mississippi River and its
tributaries. The buffalo fish and the catfish have
been steadily declining in numbers during the past few
years, and the carp has been taking a higher place in
this state, as in the other states along the Mississippi
and Missouri Rivers. No carp were caught in 1894
and a quantity valued at only $900 was taken in 1899,
while in 1908 over a million pounds, valued at $26,000,
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
were reported, and carp ranked second among the
fishery products of the state.
Some pike perch were caught in the tributary lakes
of the Mississippi River, but over nine-tenths of the
value reported for this fish was reported from the
Lake Superior waters. All of the lake trout came
from the Lake Superior fisheries. Sturgeon came from
the Mississippi River and also from the Lake of the
Woods and Rainy Lake, which, while included in the
Lake Superior system, did not come under the statute
prohibiting the taking of sturgeon from Lake Superior.
The pike and pickerel caught were secured from the
Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake, and from the
tributaries of the Mississippi River. The whitefish
were caught in the Lake Superior waters only.
The mussel-shell and pearl industry has become an
important branch of the Mississippi River fisheries
during the past few years. The industry was not
mentioned in the report of the Bureau of Fisheries for
1894, and its product amounted to only $200 in value
in 1899, but in 1908 products valued at $8,400 were
reported. The value of pearls and slugs secured inci-
dentally in the pursuit of the mussel-shell industry
represented $3,700, or 44 per cent of the value of
mussel-shell products in 1908.
The frog industry, carried on in the tributary waters
of the Mississippi, is also of recent development, having
been started about 1895. In 1899 a product of 92,000
pounds, valued at $9,600, was reported, and in 1908,
66,000 pounds, valued at $7,900. The 1908 product,
though somewhat smaller in quantity and value than
that secured in 1899, represented nearly 20 per cent of
the total value of the capture in the United States and
was surpassed only by the capture in Missouri.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 177
TaBLe 1.—~MINNESOTA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. Seines. Gill nets. Pound nets. Lines. sao hoop | All ple fa
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. eounday. Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
DOA ac cannes samiinvencdacseay 7,475,000 /$192, 000 |'1,884,000 [$53,000 12,991,000 [$50,000 |1,198,000 [$44,000 | 426,000 |$22,000 51,000 | $2,800 | 926,000 } $21,000
Fish:
He DOSS ois cosh anwomeeetueses 400 1,500 AOD iit ensecece® hatte ltt et at ca 400!) {)) Wisissitdeeeel sasseqete fame anige te
au a iiss oo ; a5, 16/000 4,100 200 | 146,000} 5,800 900 | (2) 7,300 300 6,700
Cat h and bullhieads. 14° 000 n mi , 000 O aa 200 21,000 500 15,000 400 400 48,000 :
10) 7 0) 0) (- pr ee a En EN 6,000 2,300
Dogfish..........2..0.220.000- 2 1,200
at fresh-water.............. Yy00 120; 000
OS a esasen stars ci craves atardgniins Sahe- spares 100 ee
Lake herring, fresh............. 21,000
Lake herring, salted............ 18,000 ||.
Lake herring, smoked.......... 200 is wrens
Lake trout, fresh....... 10,000 ||. 22000023
Lake trout, salte 75,0) 0)s|| eee | eters
Perch, yellow... 23 200 |) BP 400 OL Wace centerac| eveccen| sateernna tlie ee ced
Pike arid pickerel....... eas: 351,000 | 11,000 |; 40,000 | 2,200} 8,000) 300, 210,000] 5,100} 63,000} 2,300) 3,900} 200) 25,000 900
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)....) 273,000 | 12,000 900 700
Rock WaSisccas vexdassdisenanss
Sturgeon cscs se teciciecocmcneee
Caviar: dacc\scctinece hcaiasenee ts
Suckers. . niswreuans Bey
BUMASH ies caccrecae iconic miemiqeanes
WOO oo css vauwcrennenaues
Whitefish (bluefin)
Whitefish (longjaw)
Whitefish (Menominee), salted .
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs... ...
Skins) Mis 2 vcscversieceaid acs sreremences
Skins, muskrat.........2.....222.-.
41,700
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 743,000 pounds, valued at $8,300; mink, muskrat, and frog traps, 5,700 pounds, valued at $2,800;
ya etc., 46,000 pounds, valued at $1,600; trammel nets, 42,000 pounds, valued at $900; dip nets, 3,100 pounds, valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 86,000 pounds, valued
at $7,000
Less than $100.
3 300 skins. 45,000 skins.
TaBLE 2.—MINNESOTA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
SPECIES.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Seines. Gill nets. Pound nets. Lines. Fyke and hoop | All other appa-
nets. ratus.1
Quantity Quantity Quantity] y, Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds) . Value.
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).....
Rock bass
Mussel shells
Pearls and slugs
SKINSS TMM. x cc aicsavess eis
Skins, muskrat...........2.20s0---
3, 674,000 |$109, 000 {1,884,000 |$53, 000 28,000 | $1,500 | 388,000 |$10,000 | 398,000 |$21, 000 51,000 | $2,800 | 926,000 | $21,000
72 7|1, 132; 000 200 | 21;.000
43,0 00 4,000
Perch, yellow........----------
Pike and pickerel......-..---.-
1,900 400 1,500 BOO: || ene ciosierstaes | meas eers|| Games ce esl ee teen
664,000 | 22,000 499,000 | 16,000 4,100 200 | 146,000} 5, a
0
, 000
97,000
1, 200
333, 000
800
7,400
138, 000
1 with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 743,000 pounds, valued at 38,300; mink, muskrat, and frog traps, 5,700 pounds, valued at $2,800;
Peirgr deane as tcieeh valued at $1,600; trammel nets, 42,000 pounds, valued at $900; dip nets, 3,100 pounds, valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 86,000 pounds, valued
at $7,000.
2 Less than $100.
76786°—11——12
3 300 skins. 45,000 skins.
178 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 3.—MINNESOTA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Pound nets. Lines.
Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total peeecaecc as ee ven tans aa oars aceeeeeoeeecs: 3,802,000 | $83,000 | 2,963,000 | $48, 000 811,000 | — $33, 000 28, 000 $1, 500
Dake heiring, fresh... <.. 0.022% seeieeeaececaeeveerenares seleee 1, 608, 000 21,000 1, 608, 000
Lake herring, salted......-.-.-----------+-+ 2-22-2222 eee eee ee 1, 165, 000 18,000 1,165,000
Lake herring, smoked. ..........--------+2-- eee e sree reece eee 4,000 200 4, 00!
Lake trout, tresh.c. c2ceccce aces cscimer seins sotaseermnesceseta- 188, 000 10, 000 138, 000
Lake trout; sablted:.sc.c wacescuccecaseeddestedetiise sec eteeneat ke 27,000 1,500 000
Pike and pickerel..........s..ss. sss sseeeseeecesevesssseeeees 213,000 5, 100 5,000 1 208, 000 E000: | lee i [Gea nats,
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).......-..---------+--+--+2-eee ee: 258, 000 000 2,000 100
Stureeon a: Sata mew veasce ete ae ws 54,000 5, 400 1,000 100
Suckers. cosceexssecwene vane svaceeecus tenceeetssdeeesawennes 41, 000 200 5, 000 Q)
WHIESASH foe o.oo atealsa ce ce ueticleanls oeecanmicad eersoemeew 205,000 10, 000 4,900 300
Whitefish (bluefin). 1, 400 2) 1,400 Q)
Whitefish (longjaw) 35,000 700 4,000 100
Whitefish (Menominee), salted..........-.-.----------------- 1,000 100 1, 000 160
1 Less than $100.
MISSISSIPPI.
Per- VALUE OF EQUIPMINT. PRODUCTS.
> . . . . . sons
The fisheries of Mississippi may be grouped in two eons | rs
aera a 5 . . ployed, essels
divisions, including, respectively, the fisheries of the DIST CE AND. AE AE excl | a. | and see oll Guanttiy
_ i aw a o sive 0 otal. oats, Value.
Gulf of Mexico and those of the Mississippi River and shores- including) fife (pounds).
e Pe . men. outfit. z
its tributaries. Of the total value of the state product
in 1908, the Gulf fisheries contributed 82 per cent. | Gui ot Mexico district: :
a see is 1908... 555 |18422, 000 ‘
Biloxi is a center for the wholesale dealers and the 1st "35, an0 eee. 000 ("30,000 les 497° 000 ses! buy
. 1, 43, 24) 000 | 19/000 || 7,830; :
canners, and here oysters and shrimps are both 800 13 000 "53000 10’ 000 E731 000 246; 000
canned and prepared for shipment fresh, in large er |b sner a Seaver]. hiner (PGsoeanOn| eae
fest Mississippi River dis-
quantities. trict:
: . 4 53, 000
The following statement presents a summary of 489 || 33'000 || 122000 | 19°00 37921 000 38° 000
. . . . . 3! 5
the chief statistics for the state fisheries in 1908: EAE OO Seo) Gy 10 2,208; 000 |. 28, 008
Number of persons employed. .....-. spoiiswie Leia hela 2 2, 037
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. .........-..---- $418, 000
Apparatus ofcapture . 22.2... ses aeeeeseesecee ne see 58, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.........-..-- 46, 000
Value of producten +s 32 vse sesneciemee rs ores oe geieieieletes e's 556, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A slight falling
off in the number of persons employed is shown for
each district in 1908, as compared with the last can-
vass, as well as a decrease in the quantity and in
the value of the product. An increase, however, is
to be noted in the investment in equipment for each
district.
The decline in the products of the Gulf fisheries in
‘late years is not due entirely to natural causes, but is
to be attributed, in part, to a recent decision of the
Supreme Court of the United States, by which the
jurisdiction of the oyster and other fishing grounds
about Pear Island was transferred from Mississippi to
Louisiana.
The following tabular statement presents for each
district comparative statistics as to persons employed,
value of equipment, and products, as returned at the
canvass of 1908 and certain earlier canvasses:
Persons employed.—The following table gives sta-
tistics of persons employed in the fisheries of Mississippi
in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
Total. || tors and Wages.
inde- Wage-
pendent | earners.
fisher-
men.
BOtAL eacuats weawntinwksnas yin eensee we ee 2,037 1989 1,048 || 2 $309, 000
Vessel fisheriés:... 2... ene eee ee 878 18 860 259, 000
Transporting vessels -. 68 3 65 27,000
Shore and boat fisherics - 1,085 968 117 18, 000
DHOKESMICN 2. occ tememaseeser — 16: |bxeckee ss 6 "3
Gill Gi Mexite Cote x cccc ceccuccusws nas 1,561 624 937 289, 000
Vessel RSiRritS:.2.cc0c0s cneceemgag igs 868 18 850 258, 000
Transporting vessels .. 55 1 54 21,000
Shore and boat fisheries 632 605 7 4, 400
Shoresmen ...............-.-0-secee | eee: 6 5,300
Mississippi River district ................ 476 365 il 20, 000
Transporting vessels3 ... 13 2
Shore and boat fisheries 463 303 160 ve 000
1 Exclusive of 47 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $45,000.
3 Includes crew of one vessel engaged in fishing.
FISHERIES,
Wage-earners slightly outnumbered proprietors and
independent fishermen. Of the wage-earners, 89 per
cent were employed i in the Gulf fisheries, Anil of the
wage-earners in this district, 91 per cent were em-
ployed in the vessel fisheries. The low ratio of wage-
earners to proprietors and independent fishermen in
the shore and boat fisheries, the absence of salaried
employees, and thesmall average sum paid toemployees
make plain the small scale on which this class of fish-
eries is conducted in Mississippi.
Equipment and other capital—The following table
shows the distribution of the investment in the fish-
eries of the state:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Gulf of | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
DOtal wewes vornethy heeeree Gace ve qos $522, 000 $461, 000 $61, 000
Vessels, including outfit......-.............. 372, 000 358, 000
ASI G so. secsicatepsstyeis: ate ayersie adores Sea 326, 000 326, 000
Steam and motor. 4,400 4,400
Vessels 3, 700 3,700
_ Outfit 70 700
=) eeeenne 322, 000 322,000
Vessels. . 275, 000 275, 000
OUuthtevoseresccata coveceee: eeees 47,000 47,000
PYANSPOTUN Gs prsted nex dieenad cereus tae 45,000 32,000
Steam and motor.....-............-. 30, 000 17, 000
VESSELS cos ccccccayive ieicinen se deni 26, 000 15,000
UIT aces as ccjasega's sie eea re Menges 4,200 2,400
Sallie nosnows Leen ba cada ee ae aed 15, 000 15, 000
ViCSSO1S 2 ccc ts ts hs eeataihenras x aRE 11,000 11,000
Outfit 3,100 3,100
Other... BOO. | sisieiectstersnssaece
BOBS crs: eons t cease 46, 000 27,000
Steam and mo 16,000 5,000
Dalle «visa vate 14, 000 14, 000
TOW iiaiu ce ccna ie tedek wacsemnd abate 17,000 7,900
Apparatus Of CBPLUTe. .. 2.00. cnnceenas ss renee 58, 000 38, 000
Vessel fisheries............------+-------- 26,000 25,000
Shore and boat fisheries. .............--- 31,000 13,000
Shore and accessory property...........---.- 34,000 27,000
Cash accesus secs tae meade st eceteeeseceeed 12, 000 12,000
1 Includes the value of one vessel engaged in fishing.
Over three-fifths of the total investment in the
fisheries of the state represented the value of the sail
fishing vessels and their outfits. All the shore and
accessory property and cash capital reported, with
trifling exceptions, pertained to the shore and boat
fisheries. The total investment was distributed in the
following manner: $353,000 in vessel fisheries ; $45,000
in transporting vessels and $124,000 in shore and boat
fisheries.
Detailed statistics of the number and tonnage of the
vessels and the number of the boats are given in the
next table.
In the vessel fisheries all but two of the craft were
sailing vessels. Among transporting vessels steam
and motor craft equal sailing craft in number, but the
value of the former was more than double that of the
latter. The fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico were
credited with the entire investment in fishing vessels,
except the value of one vessel of 11 tons engaged in
fishing in the Missisippi River district. The trans-
porting vessels used in the Gulf district were valued at
$32,000, and the boats used in the shore and boat fish-
eries of the same district were valued at $27,000.
BY STATES 179
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
SUAS OF CRAET: Gulf of | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
Vessels; MUuMber sc.c00 00 aie ee a teecs cs cceccene 206 199 7
Fishing, number..............--2----+-- 187 186 1
Steam and motor—
NUMbeD oc citstiscawesingescenaes 3 2 1
FTOUMAZE «sieve sissatsscigesisisisiciaiecie signe 41 30 ll
Sail—
NUM Deli discs ansveioemtsee ores 184 184s |. ocied abesiice
TOMMAGE wicce sexta 2,145 24S: |e saieasoerns
Transporting, number 19 13 6
Steam and motor— é x
138 74 64
8 Blecumeeeeg ie
128 128 Popcsecncccer ye
3 liseeeccoes: 3
1,144 647 497
69 11 58
119 MAD erictensiew's were
956 517 439
The following tabular statement gives details of the
number of the principal kinds of apparatus of capture
used:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class
districts. of fisheries.
KIND.
Total. on
Gulf of ass Vessel Shore
Mexico Ree fisheries and boat
district. district. * | fisheries.
CAStMCUS cis sx ciccwistiscraisaeeien 71 WL Neisseria alll sat, Syapsiecciast 71
Fyke and jeep. nets ell STS CTO SH is si cscsecsaags 1,710 30 1,680
Pound nets......-.- ag ‘ DO Wercie org ee Dll aviealysces 2
Seines.......- -| 185 110 25 90 45
Shrimp traps ps et | eee A ASO | lave cacresaecrcys 1,150
Spears, etc. 116 VIG Jacicesnascene||exrseaerees 116
Trammel nets 136 135 1 25 111
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 182, gives the
quantity and value of the fishery products of Missis-
sippi, by species and by apparatus of capture.
The greater portion of the product in 1908 consisted
of mollusks and crustaceans. The oyster yield was
more valuable than all the rest of the catch, and the
shrimp product had a total value almost equal to half
the value of all fish proper. The total fish catch
amounted to 8,520,000 pounds, valued at $164,000.
Buffalo fish and sea trout were the leading species,
while mullet, catfish, and paddlefish followed.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Table 2, on page 183,
shows, by species and by apparatus of capture, the
weight and value of the product taken in the Gulf of
Mexico district by Mississippi fishermen, and Table 3
gives similar detailed statistics for the Mississippi River
district. The value reported for the principal species
taken in the two districts is shown in the next tabu-
lar statement.
The fishery product from the Gulf of Mexico district
contributed 82 per cent of the value of the total prod-
uct of the state. Oysters ranked first, with a value
forming 64 per cent of the total value of products from
this district, and shrimp ranked second, with 3 value
equal to 15 per cent of the total. Of fish proper, the
180
catch reported for the Gulf of Mexico fisheries was
5,413,000 pounds, valued at $78,000. This value
represents 17 per cent of the total value of the fishery
products of the Gulf district, and is smaller than the
corresponding value for the Mississippi River district.
The bulk of the catch of fish proper was composed of
two low-priced species, menhaden and mullet; but
squeteague led in value, followed by mullet.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Gulfof | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
Total $556, 000 $459, 000 $97,000
isha teeeesigcs 164, 000 78, 000 86, 000
Buffalo fish 34,000 |]...------.-- 34, 000
Squeteague 28, 000 28,000). | cisicraiers cvaisteve
Mullet 20,000 20,000 |.....-.....-
Catfish 19, 000 600 19, 000
Paddlefish 14,000! |loasswcirceaies 7
Channel bass, or redfish 10,000 1O;000) } icoaeeraues seg
Drum, fresh-water 6, 600 100 6, 500
All other. ._.....- 31,000 19, 000 ,
Oysters....... 295,000 295,000 |.......-....
Shrimp.. 81,000 69, 000 11,000
PSD OPHET cg oso nec aciecenceermr ricci cuasateres 17,000 W000) | siccarcissisrccsiee
The value of the fishery product from the Mississippi
River district amounted to 17 per cent of the value of
the total state product. Except for a small shrimp
catch, the entire product consisted of fish proper. The
quantity of fish proper taken in this district was
smaller than that taken in the Gulf district, which
formed 64 per cent of the total weight, but, as already
stated, the value of the river catch was greater.
Buffalo fish was the leading species, contributing over
one-half of the weight and over one-third of the value
of the Mississippi River product. Catfish ranked next
in quantity and value, and was closely followed by
paddlefish and paddlefish caviar.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Table 4, on page 184,
gives statistics of the weight and value, by species and
by apparatus of capture, of the product taken by the
vessel fisheries of Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico,
and Table 5, on page 184, gives similar statistics for
the shore and boat fisheries of the same district.
Oysters contributed 50 per cent of the value of the
product taken by shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf
district. The fish proper reported by this class of
fisheries had a value of $50,000, squeteague being the
leading fish with respect to value, and mullet ranking
second. The catch of crabs made in the Gulf shore
and boat fisheries, which comprised the entire crab
product of Mississippi, ranked next to the mullet
product in value.
The following tabular statement distributes the
value of products reported for the state as a whole
and for each class of fisheries, by species arranged in,
order of value:
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES, aa Shore and
Total. A 0a
fisheries. fisheries.
Mo tal g zee tcztetatesd ae ceenacms cans Seeee $556, 000 $302, 000 $255, 000
PUSH s con ecore seeenesisvmets seeeede eo somscesend 164, 000 30, 000 133, 000
Buffalo fish......-..-.-. 34, 000 900 34, 000
Squeteague, or sea trout. 28,000 9, 200 19,000
MUG «5-255 stecaseseysinscisrsic\ 20, 000 6,200 13,000
CAG a ccce wayne seahcaets 19, 000 100 , 000
Paddlefish and paddlefish caviar. 18,000 1,800 16, 000
Channel bass, or redfish ......... 10, 000 4,200 6,100
Drum, fresh-water.........-...-. G5G00 Ms sccacecarecaces 6, 600
AM Otel oc iciss esese cased scene eaes 27,000 7,900 19,000
Oysters... 295,000 215,000 , 000
Shrimp. 81,000 56,000 24,000
Crabs... 15,000 }}.....-..-.-- 15,000
All other 1,300 200 1,100
With the exception of one vessel of 11 tons, all of
the Mississippi River fisheries were of the shore and
boat class.
Products, by apparatus of capture —Fyke and hoop
nets, pound nets, and shrimp traps were used exclu-
sively in the Mississippi River district, and cast nets,
shrimp nets, and dredges and tongs, exclusively in
the Gulf district, while seines, trammel nets, and lines
were common to both districts.
The total value of products for the state, distributed
by apparatus of capture and by fishery districts, is
shown, in the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
HIND OF APPARATUS: Gulf of | Mississippi
Total. Mexico River
district. district.
Dota) ococcasesseoeese skh eievecwas sees 3556, 000 3459, 000 $97, 000
Dredges, tongs, etc 295, 000 295,000. |5 cc secssicces
INES (2 ssiaireceacs 108, 000 82, 000 26, 000
Trammel nets.... 57,000 56, 000 600
Fyke and hoop nets............--.......++-- 40,000 ||.....--..... 40, 000
OU GS sed arsine ners Sia Starcateesiss ak ences 40, 000 21,000 19,000
Shrimp nets and traps...........2..2-2----- 127000 I) ncsasec xen 12,000
Alot ef ocssccsesnesnnicomaneies noecevnmnsotd 4,700 3, 400 1, 200
The following tabular statement distributes the total
value of products for the state as a whole and for each
class of fisheries by apparatus of capture, arranged in
the order of value of their catch:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shore and
Vessel
Total. fisheries boat
3 fisheries.
MO CAM os wrovesecsesrinsieicnercictdnaisters cramie sideuven $556, 000 $302, 000 $255, 000
Died eS, TONGS Cesar vevgucnveaenuyadaevexs 295, 000 215, 000 81,000
BOINCSt. wxnnacines os serene Uh cletedtecei ec ciea 108, 000 67,000 40,000
TRA mIMe) MOS eee. ee Spcieiese win ew Sierniaiapesbiereceia 57, 000 20, 000 37,000
Fyke and hoop nets. 40, 000
DMCS s,s < cca steerer ete 40, 000
Shrimp nets and trap ee 12,000
All other i 4,700
\
FISHERIES,
Oysters.—The oyster product, all of which was taken
in the Gulf of Mexico district, mostly by vessel fisher-
men, contributed 53 per cent of the value of the state
fishery products. The oysters taken by the shore and
boat fjsheries brought a price considerably higher than,
that received for the product of the vessel fisheries,
the average price being 46 cents per bushel for the
former, as against 24 cents for the latter. Oyster
farming was followed to a very limited extent, less
than 1 per cent of the total oyster product being from
private areas. The entire oyster product in 1908 was
much smaller than in 1902, but compared with the
yield in previous years, must be considered unusually
BY STATES.
181
Buffalo fish.—This fish was the leading species of
fish proper, and was taken almost exclusively in the
Mississippi River district, where it contributed 35
per cent of the value of the product. Fyke and
hoop nets were the principal forms of apparatus of
capture used. The catch of buffalo fish in 1908,
although about double that of 1894, shows a decrease
compared with 1899. Statistics of the catch of
buffalo fish in the Mississippi River district for 1894,
1899, and 1908 are given in the following tabular
statement:
BUFFALO-FISH PROD-
large. The following statement gives statistics of the RIVER DISTRICT.
oyster product for 1908 and for previous canvasses: TEAR:
TE Value.
OYSTER PRODUCT.
eae Quantit 2'o28;000 | 34/000
(bushels), | Value. "848,000 | 15,000
21408000 | 426° 000 Squeteague, or sea trout.—The catch of squeteague
| “630,000 | 111,000 , : :
806,000 | 167,000 | has increased constantly in quantity, as reported at
25,000} 10,000 | the various canvasses, and of late years, in value, as
Shrimp.—Shrimp are taken in Mississippi in larger
quantities than in any other state except Louisiana.
They represented 15 per cent of the total value of the
state product, and were taken in both the Mississippi
River and the Gulf of Mexico districts. Only 3 per
cent of the total shrimp product was taken in the
Mississippi River district, but this small portion
contributed 14 per cent of the total value. The vessel
fisheries of the Gulf took a quantity valued at 70 per
cent of the total value for the state. The product of
the Gulf was taken almost exclusively with seines,
while in the Mississippi River shrimp traps were the
form, of apparatus of capture used. In quantity the
shrimp catch of 1908 shows a decrease compared with
that of 1902, but an increase over years prior thereto.
In value, however, the shrimp product has increased
steadily since 1890, as is shown by the following
tabular statement:
SHRIMP PRODUCT OF
GULF OF MEXICO
DISTRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
3,983,000 $69, 000
4,424,000 58,000
1,903, 000 29,000
614,000 13,000
1,145,000 24,000
is shown by the following tabular statement:
SQUETEAGUE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
517,000 | $28,000
473,000 18,000
453 , 000 16,000
372,000 000
258,000 12,000
Other products Mullet contributed 4 per cent of
the value of the state product. This species, almost
the entire catch of which was taken with trammel
nets, ranked third in value among the fish products
proper of the state, and second among those of the
Gulf district. During recent years the mullet product
has increased greatly in both quantity and value, as
is indicated by the following tabular statement:
MULLET PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit:
(pounds). Value.
1,035,000 $20,000
10; 000 10,000
241,000 2,900
305, 000 3,500
233, 000 2,600
1, 100
182
Catfish were taken almost entirely by shore and
boat fishermen, and practically all of the catch came
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
from the Mississippi River district.
1899, and 1908:
They are caught
chiefly with lines. The following tabular statement
gives the statistics of the catch of the Mississippi
River district as reported at the canvasses of 1894,
CATFISH PRODUCT OF
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
DISTRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1908 471,000 |* $19,000
397,000 14,000
852,000 24,000
TaBLE 1.—MISSISSIPPI—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Trammel nets. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. All other apparatus.1
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOtalsusoswimetecacasainn 20, 547,000 | $556,000 |) 8,118,000 | $108,000 | 1,839,000 | $57,000 | 1,766,000 | $40,000 | 1,022,000 | $40,000 | 7,802,000 | $312,000
Fish:
Black bass. 15,000 1,000 2, 000 200 13,000 B00) [ea cewejccic see accireemces
Bluefish. .... 18, 000 800 4,900 200 13,000 ») (2) | peisiccies cas | seme oad
Buffalo fish... 1, 664,000 34,000 421,000 9, 600 12,000 5, 000 700 42,000 800
Carp, German. a 26, 000 500 12,000 BOO We Sed cciacipe |sieecieseaclt - 24000) | 9) 200 Nh nec ceeecllaectere a salaceas cm sell | eeeneces
Catash': scccctcokcaskeccgad 502,000 19,000 54,000 2,100 22,000 350, 000 13,000 6,000 200
Crappie 89,000 4,800 28,000 1,500 100 50,000 2,600) | cactszcns cael orescence
Croaker 176, 000 3,700 37,000 700 100,000 25,000 600 14,000 300
Drum, fresh-water. 337,000 6, 600 59,000 1,200 2,200 18,000 400 13,000 200
Drum (salt-water), channel
bass, or redfish... .......- 244,000 11,000 41,000 1,800 185,000 17,000 800 1,500 100
Flounders............----.- 38,000 2,000 2,300
Menhaden... 3,149, 000
Mullet... .... --| 1,035,000 20,000
Paddlefish. ee 463, 000 14,000
Caviar and paddlefish eggs. . 4,100 000
Pompano 4,600
Rock bass ie 12,000} $700 jj........---..
Sailor’s choice, or pinfish. . - , 200
Sheepshead 2 81,000
Spadefish.................-- 6, 900
Spanish mackerel. 7,100
DOti cate ewnsccssse ae s 71,000
Squeteague, or sea trout..-. 517,000
Strawberry bass.......-.-.. 3,200
SUCKERS: « crcctt cs jcseecnak oe 20,000} 400 |/..........--
Sunfish, or bream. 14,000
Whiting......... 12,000
Alli other ..c.c2cc2ssssecceusd 1,700
Crabs, hard. 380, 000
Crabs, soft 47,000
i 4,121,000
5,100
2, 200
ALCOS irc se cc orapntsoeieieesaki MTG A23z000i'|| S292 NOOO), [hares sreiercsesteel| cherwracayiis 3 emsrateeais aiece Ac | wie mciciandiseeinl| aiasainsicicigte spall maemo t Cea eamecaived amenmae 47,423,000 292,000
Oysters, market, from private
ALCAS) asc: cic seeascereieis seeinslade 5 50,000 BE | nwccccnmn ne sinicihnna aoe aiaae ieee renee al eemeanmadincs ieaswnks alan wa sau ewe fama ueeies 5 50,000 3, 800
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 7,473,000 pounds, valued at $295,000; shrimp nets and tra
nets, 62,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; spears, etc., 28,000 pounds, valued at $1,500; and pound nets, 61,000 pounds, valued at $1,200.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
41,060,000 bushels.
ips, 178,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; cast
‘6 7,100 bushels,
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 2.—MISSISSIPPI—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
183
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Trammel nets. Lines. Cast nets. All other apparatus.1
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds). values (pounds). | Value. (pounds), | Value. (pounds). Value. ) (pounds). Value. (pounds), | Value.
Total.......-----....2.22. 17,302,000 | $459,000 |] 7,331,000 | $82,000 | 1,818,000 | $56,000 550,000 | $21,000 62, 000 | $1,900 | 7,541,000 | $298,000
100 I |eraessrictstarstarseee 1,,500
800 4,900 3)
600 5, 200 12,000
10,000 38,000 15,000
100 100 1,900
3,700 37,000 25,000
100 100 200
600 3,600 2,000
2,000 2,300 100
3,900 3,149,000} 3,900); 500] (2%) f...........-
20,000 41,000] 800 | + 973,000] 18,000 |............
5 ; , 600 400 1, 200 200
Sailor’s choice, or pinfish ... 9,200 200 1,900 600
Sheepshead................. 81,000 4,300 7, 600 12,000
Spadefish .................. 6, 900 200 2, 400 100
Spanish mackerel........... 7,100 500 1,400 400
Obs ee ewes weal 71,000 1,300 20,000 900
Sunfish, or bream. 200 ,200 500
Squeteague 28,000 80, 000 50, 000
hiting.-.-. a 400 2,900 1,500
ATLOGHOD = (2 ciiccd moserieeaeise 3 100 500 400
Crabs; hard sicscscascsswnseccces 95800) Ws eee wear 380, 000
Crabs, soft......-.. DOOD [fssizcircecjcine 47,000
BEEN e cosa cusne 69, 000 37925;000.1. 68; 000 fies disse cits. score | daisiecreisteiaeia sieve sass
Terrapin........... 10! , 200 DHOO|) S200 Wana sea educisscc ee oe cteane!|touaS deen
TULtlOS sas satnss Sauda powaieneicciewias c 2,200 100 2,200.) © “AOORseSeueicaws siced geen oodees stems
Oysters, market, from public
ATOAS sss esc teriajsie dslassasa came yes 47,423,000 -| 17,423,000 292,000
Oysters, market, from private
BIOAS Cc ohddane daeeeseec ees 5 50,000 5 50,000 3,800
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 7,473,000 pounds, valued at $295,000; spears, etc., 28,000 pounds, valued at $1,500; and shrimp nets.
i ip 2
40,000 pounds, valued at $800.
2 Less than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds. 41,060,000 bushels. 5 7,100 bushels.
TasLe 3.—MISSISSIPPI—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
spucuns: Fyke and hoop nets. Seines. Lines. Pound nets. Allother apparatus.1
Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit:
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Motalvcccsnucwisunsscesass 3,245,000 | $97,000 || 1,766,000 | $40,000 787,000 | $26,000 472,000 | $19,000 61,000 $1, 200 159, 000 $12,000
Fish:
13,000 00 | samicwiatceslencrss | acre 2,000 200 11,000 MOO: | orctesctdiate Seeatedl orien acess [ee iene feeders eros
1,664,000 | 34,000 |) 1,154,000 | 23,000 421,000 9,600 35,000 700 42,000 800 12,000 200
26, 000 14,000 200 12,000 300
471,000
87,000
334,000
463,000
,
12,000
3,000
20,000
9,000
138, 000 TOT Ul cwcy exveeee eecseundavlastviea neces! Wiweuanns ol aarumaasen tmaseaeKed Suse cunmnas esaeanses 138, 000 11,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Shrimp traps, 138,000 pounds, valued at $11,000, and trammel nets, 21,000 pounds, valued at $600.
2 Less than $100.
184 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 4.—MISSISSIPPI—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
depeng Dredges, tongs, etc. Seines. Trammel nets.
oan, Value. bhai j Value. Caen Value. Grnuee ’ | Value.
MO bal coo oekaki autre el eine Geet eens 13,188,000 | $299,000 6,244,000 | $215,000 6, 288, 000 $65,000 657,000 $20, 000
Fish:
Bluefish. cc sescatstananes sectoeedemeaserteeercenatssansesd 13, 000
Cathishiscsccccosc nn smesess steed eems 3, 600
Channel bass, or redfish........... 100, 000
Croaker: <<. 2 2assenskuessine sina srehaueies 44,000
DIUM), SAltAWALET sce cocdecetwee see eeu eeen geese anne 5,500
Flounders
Menhaden.
Mullet... -
Pompano
Sheepshead
Spadefish
Spanish mackere
Squeteague, or sea trou
Whiting
Terrapin
Oysters, market, from public areas
Oysters, market, from private areas
3, 405, 000
600
2 6,226, 000
318,000
2 6, 226, 000
218,000
214,000
1,100
1 Less than $100.
2 §89,000 bushels.
3 2,600 bushels.
TaBLE 5.—MISSISSIPPI—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Trammel nets. Lines. Seines. All other apparatus.1
|- Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
POCA nied cuosadowintaad emceaeansaedass sorasaeeke 4,114,000 | $160,000 1,161,000 | $37,000 550,000 | $21,000 | 1,043,000 | $18,000 | 1,359,000 $85,000
Fish:
BACH Dass’: x icicicis ate accis ale icmiscaiscienrn ths batsnetsie Rie cerwncaerd 1, 700 100 200
Bluefish... . 5, 200 300 4,000
Buffalo fish. 200 (2)
Catfish: wvicns secewatseeceaxnes ornseanany 27,000 600 11,000
Channel bass, or redfish 127,000 6, 100 93,000
, LOO 100 100
soho o facsth Uh cleae se Stone feabse ier elcisLekelsate 132,000 3, 000 71,000
Drum, fresh-water......--...-.---.-- 2,400 100 2, 200
Drum, salt-water.........2.-2-2---2--2---- 12,000 400 7, 200
WIOUNG ers oe aenisecseeeeee deans ssaeer exces 32,000 1,700 2, 600
Menhaden 398,000 500 300 (2)i Ibias seme lear sears 398, 000 500! Wl ecacclse reece eweecieinisinn,
Mullet. . 682,000 13,000 644,000 WZ 3000. lez isiereecteteceee sirens say 17,000 300 22,000 400
Pompano......... § ser endonrauaererapuene 1,600 200 , 300 100 200 (2) 200 QQ) a vdiecwesena meade «
Sailor’s choice, or pinfish 7, 600 200 5,500 100 600 @) 1, 100 (2) 400 @)
Sheepshead die sc eee ee neaeae mate ant tee oe 58,000 3, 200 40,000 2, 200 12,000 700 3, 800 200 2,500 100
Spanish mackerel. .......-.-2.20 222202202 e eee 2,700 200 2,100 200 400 (2) 200 Cr sear eicetaleesncllloan Senisieie's
SRO eis od poronse eennis Peansicsstemratinie/ eee Saw 28, 000 500 22,000 400 900 () 4, 500 100 200 (2)
Squeteague, or sea trout 339,000 19,000 245,000 14, 000 50, 000 2,800 40,000 2, 200 4,400 200
Sunfish, or bream..............2.-22--+-- 5,300 200 3,500 1 500 (2) 1,200 (2) 100 (2)
Whiting. 7,300 200 4,300 100 1,500 (2) 1,500 Ad | Negiaceciaccs | Masaisiee cee
All other 2,800 100 1,500 100 500 (2) 600 (2) 200 (2)
Crabs; Nardivve in: sendspans seeteostiiexdersieescasey sees 380,000 9; 800! I asscewvwsi dice Meenas. 380, 000 9 S00 2 so dea eta ekeluetedl ete coseceedlls — “
Crabs, soft. . 47,000 :
Shrimp... .. 578, 000
Terrapin... . , 500
Turtles 3 2, 200
Oysters, market, from public areas... .| 41,197,000
Oysters, market, from private areas.-...........--.-.- 5 32,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs ee 1,229,000 pounds, valued at $81,000; cast nets, 62,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; spears, etc., 28,000 pounds,
valued at $1,500; and shrimp nets, 40,000 pounds, valued at $8
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4171,000 bushels.
6 4,500 bushels.
FISHERIES,
MISSOURI.
The fishing grounds of Missouri are the Mississippi,
St. Francis, Missouri, Osage, and Gasconade Rivers
and the Little River Overflow, as well as minor waters.
_ They may be grouped in two districts, comprising,
respectively, the Mississippi River with its tributaries,
exclusive of the Missouri River, and the Missouri
River with its tributaries. The fisheries of the state
are all of the shore and boat class, no documented
vessels being employed. The following is a general
summary of the industry for 1908:
Number of persons employed.............2.22.0-02--0000- 906
Capital:
dEIG1-1 £< eOE RRES PRONE © RIOR ATE AOR EES Rt Pa ore ea OP $25, 000
Apparatus of capture..........0..0000000. 202 cece eee 39, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash. ............. 27, 000
Valle Of Prodcts .aiane oad aemacsectes Sax Sy weabaesendee es 271, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A comparison
with the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries for former
years shows considerable fluctuation in the number
of persons employed, capital invested in equipment,
and products. The following tabular statement gives
such comparative figures for 1894, 1899, and 1908:
Persons VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
em-
ployed,
TEAR. exclusive Appara- Quantit
of shores- Total. Boats. tus of ( ounds). Value.
men. capture. Pi :
1908.......-.-.- 906 || $64,000 |} $25,000 | $39,000 || 6,751,000 | $271,000
1899 oo a:<:creiecccie ners 1,125 52,000 18, 000 34,000 |) 7,551,000 211,000
1998 seas eauies oe 567 36, 000 11, 000 24,000 |) 3,822,000 120, 000
Persons employed.—The distribution of the persons
engaged in fishing in 1908 is given in the following
tabular statement. Almost three-fourths of the total
number were employed in the fisheries of the Missis-
sippi River and its tributaries other than the Missouri
River. This district reported an even larger propor-
tion of the wage-earners:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT. Pieaiiee
oe “a Wages.
inde- age-
‘Botal, pendent | earners.
fisher-
men.
Otalvcs cscs sceccaseoenens teen 906 1746 160 $21,000
Mississippi River district......-.....--- 669 533 136 19,000
Missouri River Gistritt =, tciessaanseces- 237 213 24 2,600
1 Exclusive of seven proprietors not fishing.
BY STATES. 185
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement gives the value of the equipment and the
amount of other capital employed in the industry,
together with the distribution of the same between
the Mississippi River and the Missouri River districts:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. 7
Mississippi | Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
NOLAN asada sttearstetassahetees Gusay $91, 000 $71,000 $20, 000
Boats 25,000 20,000 5, 800
Steam and motor 11,000 9, 400 1,700
14, 000 10, 000 4,100
Apparatus of capture 39,000 30,000 8,300
Shore and accessory property........-.....-- 12,000 9, 800 2,700
Cash crayeecieurie eeeence senses ten eeie BY ered 14,000 12,000 2, 800
The number of boats reported was 785, which com-
prised 33 steam and motor and 526 row boats in the
Mississippi River district and 9 steam and motor and
217 row boats in the Missouri River district.
The following tabular statement shows the number
of the more important Kinds of apparatus of capture
used:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
BIND, Mississippi] Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
Firearms... .icicc sniniciee e's oa 3 111 i ih Pee cere nae
Fyke and hoop net: 6,019 4,901 1,118
Pound nets....... 2 2G: Phot coe clear
BEIM OCS <)c.cfcrerediecerejepepazers cs Lee ciahenmntien stabeecee 188 137 51
Spears, etc....-.....- ee 68 68 | assteseese ce
Trammel nets 161 85 76
Traps, muskrat and otter 1,580 TG580. |ecise ieee
Apparatus of capture represented a little more than
two-fifths of the capital invested, the balance being
about equally divided between boats on the one hand
and shore and accessory. property and cash capital on
the other.
Products —The products of all fisheries of the state,
distributed by species and apparatus of capture, are
given in Table 1,0n page 186. The German carp led in
quantity and value, and was followed by catfish, bull-
heads, and buffalo fish, the catches of these four species
representing nearly three-fifths of the total value of
products. The frog catch was of considerable impor-
tance, while muskrat, mink, and otter skins contributed
nearly 6 per cent of the total value of products.
In Tables 2 and 3, on page 187, the products are
distributed by species and apparatus of capture for
the two districts. The distribution of the principal
186
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES,. 1908.
The distribution of the value of the products accord-
ing to apparatus of capture used was as follows:
products, by species and districts, is given in the fol-
lowing tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SHECIES: Mississippi} Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
MOtal noe sOeewacegcaek seedings aes $271,000 $197, 000 $74,000
241,000 168, 000 74,000
Carp, Geral. vesccsuecetn eer diescteotes , 000 44; 000 37,000
Catfish and bullheads.....-.........---- 51,000 37,000 15, 000
Buffalo fishis. .c.02222s2sceees deeec emeenes 30, 000 25,000 4,900
Black bass. saccneacesemeseises ooh teksts 27,000 27,000 100
CRAP PIG acters saie: eorcterdtarerreroriainss aiticisereamcciaee 17,000 16,000 1,300
Drum, fresh-water ........-2-.-02-0--+5 11,000 5,900 5, 500
Bream, or sunfish 's.22.-..245<2 sseceecssnsee 9,600 8, 500 1,100
Sturgeon, caviar, and paddlefish eggs:.-. 5,100 1,400 3,700
ANMLOGNER oiinis so cis eer sein snineeeeccneae 11,000 5,000 6, 100
BOSS ia 555 520 xiepapesaejans stars nceccrensysiznciee biecteyetGesicte 5 11,000 11,000 |.-.---.--...
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs .....-....--. 1, 600 (30,10 Reena
Skins—muskrat, mink, and otter......-.-.. 15, 000 15,000 |.2.2020225 5
Turtles and terrapin..........-.-..--2------- 400 400 | ceramics s
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS, Mississippi] Missouri
Total. River River
district. district.
Total Ave wus cts ceaeeetonctiawesass $271,000 $197, 000 $74,000
Fyke and hoop nets..............-.-2---.--.- 88, 000 65, 000 23,000
Deimes. ssteacocadans we weseensveetacoemsGses 68, 000 42,000 26, 400
DAMS 5 aes crete nrcjaes sa aierais mainstay aici eiaiareia aie 46, 000 40,000 5,000
Drammeln etSe.-05..ssicazccseescacimenctarecn 40,000 20, 000 20,000
MUSKPAb thapSiecisicsasiaciecicis octeceurewicigsincuie 15,000 15;000: |s+sc0acexeee
All othe? 2 sesccesexueesececeeeeecncee ss comes 14, 000 14,000 |. 2eccescecee
Fyke and hoop nets are credited with the largest
catch for the Mississippi River district, and seines with
the largest catch for the Missouri River district.
TaBLeE 1.—MISSOURI—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
setcise dae hoop Seines. Lines. Trammel nets. Pound nets. _ ou peupes
Quantit: Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TRO Gallle:<.e:s/cscsessats sie mecisinesicss! 6, 751, 000 | $271,000 |/2, 538, 000 |$88,000 |1,915,000 /$68,000 | 970,000 |$46, 000 |1, 052,000 |$40, 000 26,000 | $1,100 | 248,000 | $28,000
Fish
329, 000» 27,000 43,000 | 3,500 61,000 | 5,200 | 201,000 | 16,000 24,000 | 1,800
441,000 9, 600 271,000 | 5,800} 143,000 | 2,900 1,900 100 25, 000 800
993, 000 30, 000 476,000 | 15,000 | 299,000 | 8,700 38,000 | 1,400 | 173,000 | 5,200
2, 432, 000 80, 000 928,000 | 31,000 | 841,000 | 26,000 | 141,000 | 5,100 | 516,0CO | 18,000
1,166, 000 51, 000 378,000 | 16,000 } 200,000 | 10,000 | 482,000 | 19,000 | 104,000} 6,300
336, 000 17,000 152,000 | 7,400} 137,000) 7,000 3, 000 200 33,000 | 1,700
34, 000 700 13, 000 300 8, 800 200 2,800 100 500 200
323, 000 11, 000 145,000 | 4,800 71,000 | 2,900 44,000 | 1,500 62,000 | 2,300
17, 000 1,000 2, 700 200 7,700 40 1,600 100 4,900 300
128, 000 4,000 49,000 | 1,400 51,000 | 1,700 400 (2) 26, 000 900
Pikes cesceszsecekesses st 2aee 58,000 1, 200 12,000 300 5, 800 100 41, 000 800 200
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike). 34,000 2,700 9, 200 700 12,000 | 1,000 2, 600 200 11,000
Rock bass and white bass.... 300 (C3 ee | Benes aan 300 BY) WN saateaceuctzsayens [cllastrossiaed (3)
132, 000 5,000 40,000 | 1,500 40,000 | 1,500 9, 100 500 43, 000
300 100 30 100} | ir acsicecleeeca (Q3) ) @)
54, 000 1, 400 17,000 400 16, 000 400 1,000 100 19, 000
67, 000
1, 900
23, 000
Mussel shells... - 170, 000
Pearls'atid SlUGS.cscceaes otter ean beeen ae sees
Skins, mink and otter. a 4400
Skins, muskrat............2....- 6 9,800
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Muskrat traps, etc., 10,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; guns, 46,000 pounds, valued at $7,500; spears, etc., 22,000 pounds,
valued at $3,600; and crowfoot dredges, 170,000 pounds, valued at $1,600.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4 800 skins.
6 29,000 skins.
FISHERIES,
BY STATES.
187
TaBLE 2,—MISSOURI—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES, tye hoop Seines. Lines. Trammel nets. Pound nets. _ ouier: BDES-
Quantity Quantit uantit uantit Quantit; Quantity Quantity
(pounds. ) Value. (pounds). Value. Coane Value. peer Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Rotel. c 2 cgeiGestsemewinees 5, 448, 000 | $197,000 ||2, 148,000 |$65, 000 |1, 450,000 |$42,000 | 893,000 |$40,000 | 682,000 |$20,000 | 26,000 | $1,100 | 248,000 | $28,000
Fish: i :
Black bass.................. 328,000 | 27,000 42,000 | 3,400} 61,000 |] “5,100 | 201,000 | 16,000} 24,000} 1,800
Bream, or sunfish. 421, 000 8,500 || 265,000 | 5,400 | 137,000 | 2,600 1,600 100 | _ 18,000 400
Buffalo fish. ... 2... 894, 000 25, 000 448,000 | 13,000 | 256,000 | 6,700 35,000 | 1,200 148,000 | 4,000
Carp, German....... 1, 735, 000 44,000 705,000 | 19,000 | 593,000 | 13,000 | 109,0C6G | 3,100 | 324,000] 8,000
Catfish and bullheads 987, 000 37, 000 330, 000 | 12,000 | 137,000 | 4,900] 460,000 | 17,000 58,000 | 2,700
Crappie. . 313, 000 16, 000 146,000 | 7,000 | 130,000
Dogfish . 14,000 300 6, 800
me fre 233, 000 5, 900
siatsarcutdigenerer 6, 500 30!
Peadieish 94} 000 2, 300
cjeisen oie Rmipieeee ceee Bates 58, 000 1, 200 eR ere eercnet
Pike erch (wall-eyed oe 300 ye Wh OO | 2 BOOT AY |) By GP OOS 2) ee coh oce seca scaacuemel wa weawes
Rock bass and white bass. . 300 (2) |. |lsteedeczeclectacasdl + BOO" <8 [essetcnesleeecud| CE I) Ae Weawtce cengeia ete aerae oleieena eceeael eameweos
BUUROOT, as taineanen wnaceam 54, 000 1,200 |} 18,000} 400] 15,000) 300) 3,800] 100) 17,000] 400}..........)........)..........)......--
Caviar and paddlefish eggs. . 300 TOO BOO) 100 Paen cacceaisecascce|: ABR Dt SC Ae. ea aac b5all detent demas vaddletiocmmes
BHICRODY, i iecemaecswnwutenacng 38, 000 800 |; 13,000}; 300] 12,000] 200/ 100] (2) | 14,000] 300]..........).0..2.0.000........[....-..-
BTOGS wstecs vee secrets sdeiesies visieiche 67,000 11, 000
Turtles and terrapin. Sesett 25, 000 40
Mussel shells. ...-......-...--.-- 170, 000 1, 000
Pearls and slugs................-|....2.2.---- GOON ecsia ateececacal eae cenyst ul (cae deete cx apse] pevevigelze dec | caveat le eee seca | ich roca carte | aa. chee ceri vane cece tall ne oreca ns eth paouanpa tere
Skins, mink and otter........... 4 400 3,100
Skins, muskrat.................. 59,800 12} 000 ! 69,800 | 12,000
| *
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Traps, muskrat, etc ae 000 pounds, valued at $15,000; guns, 46,000 pounds, valued at $7,500; spears, etc., 22, 000 pounds,
valued at $3,600; and crowfoot dredges, 170,000 pounds, valued at $1,6
2 Less than $100.
8 Less than 100 Oeeede
4 800 skins.
6 29,000 skins.
TaBLeE 3.—MISSOURI—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSOURI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets. Trammel nets. Lines.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOR ee een hes seek als Seer 1,303,000 | $74,000 465,000 | $26,000 391,000 | $23,000 370,000 | $20,000 77,000 $5, 400
BSc Passe oc se2ccjo3 deine casein Mees 1, 300 100 700 100 400 Q) 100 Q) 100 Q
Bream, or sunfish . 20, 000 1,100 6, 300 300 5, 900 300 7, 800 400 400 Q)
Buffalo tes Bins hd 99, 000 4, 900 43, 000 2, 100 28, 000 1, 500 25, 000 1, 200 3, 500
Noa ea ~ 697, 000 37,000 248, 000 13, 000 224, 000 12, 000 192, 000 10, 000 33, 000
Cati sh cad pulliscads 179, 000 15, 000 63, 000 5, 200 47,000 4,100 46, 00 3, 600 23, 000 1, 900
aera KGacad Arseenae ds eeetala aden 23, 000 1,300 6, 900 400 6, 500 400 8, 800 500 900 100
hom ; 20, 000 "400 6, 200 100 5, 900 100 6, 400 100 120] @
Drum, fresh-water. 90, 000 5, 500 33, 000 1,900 27, 000 1,700 24, 000 1, 400 5, 900 400
WOODS os ca esis sidjesdie cider nine esse teMeeeheh ees 10, 000 700 4,000 200 2,100 100 , 500 200 800 Q)
b EET (5) (2) ote Ege eee eee ee IP 35, 000 1,700 13, 000 700 7, 900 300 13, 000 600 400 Q)
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) ; 34, 000 2,700 12, 000 900 9, 200 700 11, 000 800 2,600 200
Sturgeon 2 78, 000 3,700 25, 000 1, 200 22, 000 1,100 26, 000 1, 200 5, 300 400
SUCK ers: «os ssee ase ccdyeais sees Heese eh 16,000 600 4,900 200 4,700 200 5, 600 200 1,000 100
1 Less than $100.
188
NEBRASKA.
In 1908 commercial fishing in this state was confined
to shore and boat fishing in the Missouri River. The
products comprised seven species, of which the chief
was German carp. The other kinds of fish taken,
named in the order of the value of the catch, were cat-
fish, buffalo fish, paddlefish, sturgeon, fresh-water
drum, and pike perch, or wall-eyed pike. The follow-
ing statement gives a summary of the principal statis-
tics of the industry for 1908:
ra
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
were wage-earners. The wage-earners received $900
in wages during the year.
Equipment and other capital—The capital invested
in the industry was distributed as follows: Rowboats,
$1,300; apparatus of capture, $2,500; and shore and
accessory property, $600.
There were 96 boats reported, and their value was
slightly less than the value of boats reported in 1899,
but over twice that reported in 1894. The total invest-
ment in apparatus of capture in 1908 shows a consider-
able increase over the amount reported for this item in
Number of persons employed...........--------------++-+- 129 | 1899.
Capital: In 1908, 38 seines, 217 fyke and hoop nets, 60 pots
OBIS: ce wesciidi <3 piace nebinienaaisern hs ean naetaeen: $1,300 | and traps, and 32 trammel nets were reported.
Apparatus of capture.........-..2-------2 22-222 e ee eee 2, 500 Soak
Sioueadl GAGOASBNG PROPER -<occ es vacecccca saacecoaaies 600 Products.—The fishery products of the state, distrib-
‘Value of prod uctsivied 2: tuerssenteacecssays aehbeas mame 22,000 | uted by species and apparatus of capture, are given in
Comparison with previous canvasses.—While, in the
number of persons employed, value of boats, and quan-
tity of product, tle figures for 1908 show decreases, as
compared with previous canvasses, there has been a
decided increase in the value of the apparatus of cap-
ture and in the value of the product. The following
tabular statement gives the principal statistics for
1894, 1899, and 1908:
the following table.
The leading species was German carp, which repre-
sented 64 per cent of the weight of all the fishery prod-
ucts of Nebraska and 53 per cent of the total value.
The catch of this fish has increased greatly within the
past few years, as a quantity valued at only $100 was
caught in 1894, and none was reported in 1899. The
catfish product, 66,000 pounds, valued at $6,600, was
considerably smaller in quantity but somewhat larger
in value than that reported in 1899, which was 85,000
_Peons, VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS. pounds, valued at $6,100. The catch of buffalo fish,
year, | exclusive See cenicee| as 43,000 pounds, was less than a third of that reported in
men, || Total. |) Boats. | ratus of (pounds) Yue. | 1899, 138,000 pounds; but a comparison of the respec-
tive values of the two catches, $2,200 for that of 1908
TOO sasvneer i See, Sean eee | Se aa and $4,900 for that of 1899, shows an increase in the
1804 is events ene 76 || 2,200 500] 1,700 || 340,000] 14,000 | average price per pound. The quantity of this fish
Persons employed.—The Nebraska fisheries furnished
employment for 129 persons in 1908. Of these, 115
were proprietors and independent fishermen and 14
reported in 1894 was 169,000 pounds, valued at $7,000.
The catch of sturgeon in 1908 was somewhat less in
quantity and in value than in 1899, while that of pad-
dlefish was greater both in quantity and in value.
NEBRASKA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
apecins: Seines. Tramiel nets. Lines. Fyke and hoop nets. | Fish pots and traps.
Quantity Quantity Quanti Quanti' Quantity uantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). walue (pounds). Value. aa Value:
Total. 2ccce,-seseeanvense Ss 399,000 ) $22,000 164, 000 88, 500 124, 000 $7,000 54, 000 $3, 000 15, 000 $800
Buffalo fish....------.-- 43, 000 2,200 20, 000 1,000 11,000 500 9, 100 500 1,000 Q)
Carp, German.. 254, 000 12, 000 102, 000 4,500 91,000 4, 600 36, 000 1,600 11,000 400
Cathishia: sccsictcars 66, 000 6, G00 21,000 2, 100 14, 000 1,400 8,700 900 3, 000 300
Drum, fresh-water. eave 4, 900 300 2,300 100 2, 200 200 200 Q) ()
Paddlefish.....-.--.--- ersmyanice 20, 000 800 17, 000 600 3,000 200 5
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)... 100 (1) 2) () 100 (1)
Stureeotiss veavveeewcind 2 op ees 11, 000 600 2,300 100 3, 200 200
1 Less than $100.
2 Less than 100 pounds.
FISHERIES,
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
New Hampshire has but one county bordering upon
the Atlantic Ocean, and its fisheries, which are all of
the shore and boat class, are of relatively small im-
portance. The principal statistics for 1908 are given
in the following statement:
Number of persons employed .............2.....0...2200- 79
Capital:
Boats Zoe Acie oe abhneleee as Vali) einen Aes $13, 000
10, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash
Value of products
As early as 1888 the Bureau of Fisheries reported
that there had been a considerable diminution in the
importance of the fisheries of the state, a decrease
being evident in the number of persons employed, in
the amount of capital invested, and in the quantity
and value of the products. This downward tendency
has, on the whole, continued, although the heavy de-
crease in the quantity of products since 1898 has been
accompanied by an increase in their value. Further-
more, since 1905 the investment in equipment has in-
BY STATES. 189
end of this section. In 1908 the value of lobsters con-
stituted 81 per cent of the value of all products. The
lobster product has increased rapidly in quantity and
more rapidly in value since the canvass of 1888, as
shown below:
LOBSTER PRODUCT.
YEAR. me ‘
uanti
(pounds). Value.
1908 264, 000 $43, 000
256,000 33, 000
109, 000 9, 400
136, 000 6,300
In other respects the fisheries of New Hampshire
have suffered a decrease in importance. In 1888 the
catch of cod was 1,426,000 pounds, valued at $29,000;
that of haddock was 1,069,000 pounds, valued at
$20,000; and that of halibut 143,000 pounds, valued
at $12,000. Compared with these figures the totals
for 1908 were very small, as may be seen from the
tabular statement given below:
creased, as shown in the following tabular statement: FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
Product caught by—
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Total.
Persons SPECIES. 4 All other appa-
employed, Vessels Lines. ratus.!
YEAR. exclusive
of and | Appa- |! Quantit
shoresmen.|| Total. ||. beats ae of || (Sounds Value. Suant anna Gusutit
i including] capture. ; uanti uanti uanti
outfit. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
79 $23,000 $13,000 | $10,000 677,000 $53,000 TOtlewceecenree ke se 677, 000 |$53, 000 || 211,000 | $5,500 | 467,000 | $48, 000
132 18, 000 8, 200 9, 600 1, 036, 000 52, 000
147 i 12, 000 11, 000 1, 593, 000 50, 000 Fish
143 25,000 13, 000 12,000 3,021, 000 49, 000 Alewives......------- 121,000
329 64, 000 41,000 23,000 3,843, 000. 90, 000 OD aja Saccrastsrayeieleraysiersinis 135, 000
Haddock 100, 000
Hake. 13, 000
F ae 6, 300
a melt. 2,600
Of the 79 persons employed in 1908, 78 were pro epi oi
prietors and independent fishermen, and only one was | Ish moss 35, 000
reported as a wage-earner.
The following tabular statement shows the invest-
ment in the New Hampshire fisheries in 1908:
EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL:
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Number.| Value.
Ota x as sedocewishtenss ducielnses Reeser menseesieees euiuG ones ne aes 323, 000
13,000
Boats 11,000
signe) 1,400
me atte aNereiahaI 800
Apparatus ofcapture........-- 10,000
Shore and accessory property. .- )
Cash. vas ecmseaaewetccaciaaseaseeraes 200
1 Less than $100.
Six gill nets, 2,730 lobster pots, 3 moss rakes, and
11 weirs were reported.
Statistics concerning the fishery products of the
state, distributed according to species and apparatus
of capture, are given in the tabular statement at the
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lobster pots, 264,000 pounds, valued
at $43,000; pound nets and weirs, 124,000 pounds, valued at $2,100; gill nets, 44,000
pounds, valued at $1,400; and rakes, 35,000 pounds, valued at $1,400.
NEW JERSEY.
In 1908 New Jersey ranked eighth in value of fishery
products, with a catch valued at $3,069,000. Oysters
were the leading product, their value forming 45 per
cent of the total value of the fishery products of the
state; while squeteague, hard clams, and shad were
other prominent varieties. Delaware Bay, the Lower
Bay, and the numerous coves and inlets along the
coast are among the more important fishing grounds
of the state. .
The following statement gives the principal sta-
tistics for the fisheries of the state in 1908:
Number of persons employed............-.-..-------- 7, 231
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit..........-....- $1, 100, 000
Apparatus of capture........-.-----------+------- 345, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............ 269, 000
Valle Of Products. . cns.caee ee rdceunneaece dee aad 3, 069, 000
190
Comparison with previous canvasses.—A compari-
son of the general statistics for 1908 with similar items
for previous years shows that there has been a marked
decline in the magnitude of the industry since 1897,
following a gain between 1891 and 1897. Such a com-
parison is made in the following tabular statement:
Persons VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
em-
ployed,
YEAR. exclu- ee Appa- &
sive of an. boats, uantit;
shores- Total. including ae (pounds), | Value.
men. outfit. eure
7,145 || $1,445,000 || $1,100,000 | $345,000 || 74,827,000 |$3,069, 000
8, 293 1,548, 000 1,135,000 | 413,000 || 90,108,000 | 3,385,000
11, 884 1, 634, 000 1,252,000 | 382,000 |/103, 783,000 | 3,614,000
10,107 || 1,519,000 || 1,198,000 | 322,000 || 79,116,000 | 3,520,000
Persons employed.—The following tabular statement
gives statistics as to the persons employed in the fish-
eries of New Jersey in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
chests Proprie.
tors and Sale- VV
inde- tied | Wage- Sala-
Total. em- | earn- || Total. ; Wages.
pendent |, Ties.
fisher |Ploy-| ers.
men. oes
MOta) scence csioe x 7,231 14,041 4 | 3,186 ||$744,000 |/$1,500 |? $742,000
Vessel fisheries. ....... 2,329 335 4 | 1,990 |} 399,000 |) 1,500 | 398,000
Transporting vessels...) 115 39) leases 76 |} 20,000 |/....... 20,000
Shore and boat fisher-
TOScsi ccremesiameieis ek = 4,701 8; 667 |acccce 1,034 |} 300,000 ||......- 300,000
Shoresmen............ BG: | | te.stersis races! lataretorere 86 24,000 ||....... 24, 000
1 Exclusive of 75 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $138,000.
Of the shoresmen, 82 were employed in the shore and
boat fisheries and 4 in the vessel fisheries. Including
shoresmen, 4,783 persons were engaged in the shore
and boat fisheries and 2,333 in the vessel fisheries.
The proprietors and independent fishermen outnum-
bered the salaried employees and wage-earners, owing
to the preponderance of independent fishermen among
those engaged in the shore and boat fisheries.
Equipment and other capital.—The statistics of cap-
ital invested are shown in the next table.
The value of the vessels and their outfits and boats
amounted to $1,100,000 and formed 64 per cent of the
total investment. Contrary to the general rule in
coast fisheries, both the number and the value of power
vessels and boats were greater than those of sail ves-
sels and sailboats, there being 1,176 of the former
class, valued with their outfits at $849,000, and 1,002
of the latter, valued with their outfits at $203,000. Of
the totai value of craft, including outfit, 60 per cent
represented the investment in the vessels of the vessel
fisheries; 36 per cent that in the boats of shore and
boat fisheries; and 5 per cent that in transporting ves-
sels. Of the investment in shore and accessory prop-
erty, $164,000 pertained to shore and boat fisheries;
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
$34,000 to vessel fisheries; and $2,200 to transporting
vessels. The cash reported was as follows: $59,000
for shore and boat fisheries; $9,400 for vessel fisheries;
and $800 for transporting vessels. The total invest-
ment in the shore and boat fisheries was $932,000 and
that in the vessel fisheries $727,000.
=
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL:
1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. Number. | Tonnage,
WOU eccannaecmaieres terkamimmeasteaee BITES 000 | pesnensnmeentoneuamcnomin
Vessels, including outfit..........-.....----- 709,000 435 4,966
WISHINg: ccc03 cesectecimcicias
Steam and motor.....-.
VeSEClS:s 22 ceccmenye
Transporting
Steam and motor.
Apparatus of capture...-..-..
Vessel fisheries...........-
Shore and boat fisheries... 3
Shore and accessory property. ae
Cash»), cyscaccecsnn 5 ougiedemsesiar eieeectecauns
Apparatus of capture was valued at $345,000, the
greater part of which amount, $318,000, or 92 per cent,
is credited to the shore and boat fisheries. The distri-
bution of the principal kinds of apparatus of capture
reported between the vessel fisheries and the shore
and boat fisheries was as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Used in—
KIND.
Total. ee Shore and
ei 102,
fisheries. fisheries:
Dip NCtSiys.00.c2 nes ovetedes sass eames cesenens TSS. || creseins onicieert 183
Hel POtSsecsve s seeceeen 4,300 87 4,213
Fyke and hoop nets.. 1,591 80 1,511
Gill. ne tse .c0:25.52 5.22 2,243 189 2,054
Harpoons, spears; ete. FO ox ceescictcisieee 19
Lobster pots... . . wore 4,191 280 3,911
Muskrat traps..... siete D104 Voces craven ares 2, 564
Pound and trap nets. 350 lll eoeaeeecnees 350
DOMMES «6 5: si5:h 45. caccien 246 24 222
Shrimp nets.......... DA eisicioieiapeisisecia 5
PRIMING) Me 82502. wreasrnsiscicjemiobwrnscrenaieiants ON eerkaelsanace 2
Products, by species—Table 1, on page 193, gives the
products, by species and apparatus of capture.
The leading species, named in the order of quantity
taken, were oysters, menhaden, squeteague, king
crabs, cod, whiting, sea bass, and shad; while named
according to value, they were oysters, squeteague,
hard clams, shad, cod, and sea bass.
Products, by class of fisheries —Table 3, on page 195,
gives the statistics of the vessel fisheries, by species
and by apparatus of capture; and Table 2, on page 194,
gives similar statistics for the shore and boat fisheries.
The following tabular statement distributes the total
FISHERIES,
value of products by species and by class of fisheries,
only those products for which a value in excess of
$10,000 was reported being shown separately:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Shateand
Total. Peter boat
* | fisheries.
PO tage ee secinass oetsuis beige Oeseee $3,069,006 || $1,196,000 | $1,873,000
Fish..2s.cc2ccccas 2 1,305, 000 186,000 1,119,000
Squeteague.... 342,000 13,000 329,000
Shad a «2.22222 2295000 |lecsiciscercntseca2 229,000
faveuenstiniaietedy 130, 000 90, 00C 40,000
Sea bass.....-..... 123,000 40,000 84,000
BlUGAis ives scene cere dagudes te te mejcleiet ¢ 99, 000 4,700 94,060
BUELEN Ss 3.0 5 Nei sa cinsts nce tere anneaen 51,000 () 51,000
DIUVORHBRG: a2. nitaee diate ss Oe ceeke AL O03 sarcicearsesecs 44,000
Menhaden aoe act cee ceotememe wemeieaisies 43,000 13,000 30, 000
SCUD wrcieie sents eaceqows veromeis sdrsimare ed nd 35,000 17.000 19,000
PROUN CTS eco. o2:2 ssc ects wenn oeeneaws an 25,000 400 25,000
Sturgeon and caviar..................... 23,000 2,100 21,000
Eels See ire at crak Me Nesreed Pike toa Se cia Sate 22,000 700 21,000
BODO 3c sos nis este ctuais nis eleigeticg oe 22,000 200 22,000
CTO GM CRS oes 5) echt a uaee SSEe Soe sere 19,000 2,906 16,000
Carp, German. 16; 000: | ecsscisid ae cce aia 16,000
Mackerel we 14,000 2,200 12,000
Alewives one 12,000: || sevczexences 12,000
Perch, whit 11,090 200 11,000
All other 43,000 ||...........- 43, 000
OYstetSs va ensey seeeenh avaisan Sanebeeeee cscs 1,369,000 988, 000 380,000
MAT RO cect ocr catd sean ote ce Seeiaie a nelsnse 884, 000 575,000 309, 000
MOCO cscvarndkse cGtet esladyay Gust eeta se Soe 485,000 413,000 71,000
CIRM So .eicsa rae cot Aasoineaadedules seaeet 337,000 17,000 319,000
CONS. tees SAseae Secs eMicdne a EME aRe seem 34,000 3, 706 30,000
LO DStel s vizrscie s sateen eeseccrrmeteaerneeia Varceis 16,000 800 15,000
AMMO TOY .i-erercminseccesncten gierainatern andtestsiess a.areatoieos 9,000 200 &, 800
1 Less than $100.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The following
tabular statement shows, for each class of fisheries, the
distribution, by apparatus of capture of the total value
of products for the state, only those forms of appa-
ratus which took products having a value in excess of
$10,000 being shown separately.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shoré.and
: Vessel t
Total. A boat
fisheries: fisheries.
MOC cecedarcace ce tenudarssees Sa Stes see $3,069,000 || $1,196,000 | $1,873,000
Dredges, Longs, C00. vesececveveccceasesen sede 1,703,000 || 1,009, 000 694, 000
Pound and trap nets........-------------+-- 539,000 |}.-.------..- 539, 000
HIDES 5,4 swiewisioataticisaaiicacies 332, 000 137, 000 196, 000
Gill nets: ws easceee ee wet canes 310,000 4, 400 305, 000
SeiNeS -.- oops eeeeereeoe 108, 000 44,000 65, 000
Eel and lobster pots and traps.. - 32, 000 1, 400 30, 000
Fyke and hoop nets.....--..-----+-++22+---- 22,000 100 22,000
Au OGDEN sassiaa ce nooerajase'd cyegis sie SSO BESS test 23,000 |/...-..------ 23,000
Dredges, tongs, etc., pound and trap nets, lines,
gill nets, and seines, ranking with respect to the value
of the product taken by them in the order named, were
employed in taking fishery products representing 98
per cent of the total value of the product of the state.
Dredges, tongs, etc., show a catch far in excess of
that of other apparatus. The product taken by these
implements in the vessel fisheries was nearly three
times as heavy as that taken in the shore and boat
fisheries, but less than twice as valuable.
The catch with pound and trap nets included a large
number of species. Over one-half of the value of their
catch represented the value of squeteague taken. But-
terfish, silver hake, menhaden, and whiting were other
BY STATES. 191
important species in the pound and trap net catch.
Of the value of the line catch, more than two-thirds
represented the value of sea bass and cod. A little
over two-fifths of the product taken with lines was
reported for vessel fisheries and almost three-fifths for
shore and boat fisheries. In the former class of fish-
eries cod was the leading species with respect to value,
and sea bass was second in rank, the two together con-
tributing 3,376,000 pounds, valued at $128,000, out of
the total line catch of 3,576,000 pounds, valued at
$137,000. Of the line catch of the shore and boat fish-
eries, which aggregated 4,806,000 pounds and was
valued at $196,000, sea bass contributed 1,944,000
pounds, valued at $76,000, and bluefish 808,000
pounds, valued at $44,000, while the large remainder
included a number of species.
Gill nets were used chiefly in the shore and boat
fisheries. Much more than half of the catch by these
nets consisted of shad.
The value of the catch by seines was less than that
of the product taken by any other of the five forms of
apparatus discussed. Products taken by seines were
reported for both the shore and boat fisheries and the
vessel fisheries, 2,582,000 pounds, valued at $65,000,
being credited to the former and 7,067,000 pounds,
valued at $44,000, to the latter. In the shore and
boat fisheries, the products of greatest value taken by
seines were shad, squeteague, and alewives. Of the
seine catch reported for the vessel fisheries, menhaden
contributed 5,884,000 pounds, or 83 per cent.
Oysters.—Oysters were the chief fishery product in
New Jersey, as in most of the Middle and South
Atlantic states. The total quantity taken in this
state was 2,586,000 bushels, the value of which,
$1,369,000, represents 45 per cent of the value of all
the fishery products of New Jersey. This ratio, how-
ever, was less than that of former years, as shown by
the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
YEAR. Oysters.
All species. $5
er cent
Amount. of total.
WOO S srt cbc te prtecenetaleae ea eerste San sphatdueyes $3,069,000 || $1,369,000 45
HQ UV: cis. cian conesnisie ox Sauce PataaNs Sie MeN ae Slee a pec A 3,385, 000 1, 692, 000 50
TOO io issBrrssed aaume ek ote asian eae te 3,614,000 | 1,682,000 47
ARRO Accn Musee dacwee a as Aenea seek 3,177,000 || 2,081,000 66
Nearly two-thirds of the oyster produet in 1908, or
1,667,000 bushels, consisted of seed oysters, but the
value of these, $485,000, was only a little more than
one-third of the value of the entire oyster yield. Of
the seed oysters, 772,000 bushels, valued at $236,000,
came from public areas, and 895,000 bushels, valued
at $248,000, from private areas. There has been a
marked growth since 1904 in the seed-oyster product
from private areas. In that year the yield of seed
192
oysters was 826,000 bushels, valued at $393,000, but of
this only 1,300 bushels, valued at $500, came from
private beds. Between, 1904 and 1908, therefore, the
seed oysters from private areas increased 894,000
bushels in quantity and $248,000 in value; while the
seed product from public areas decreased 53,000
bushels in quantity and $157,000 in value.
In the case of the market oysters essentially all of
the product is taken from private areas, only 15,000
bushels, valued at $12,000, out of the total market
oyster product of 920,000 bushels, valued at $884,000,
being from public areas in 1908. In quantity the
oysters reported for the vessel fisheries exceeded those
from the shore and boat fisheries in the proportion, of
nearly five to one. The vessel catch comprised chiefly
seed oysters. The following tabular statement gives
the distribution of the oyster product between the
vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries and
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
shore and boat fisheries. The following statement
shows that the hard-clam product has been decreasing
in value since 1897:
HARD-CLAM PRODUCT.
YEAR. Gaanisiy
uan ti
(bushels). Value.
273,000 | $318,000
271,000 352, 000
591, 000 544,000
392, 000 196, 000
Shad.—This species ranked fourth, with a catch
valued at $229,000. Allof the shad product was taken
by the shore and boat fisheries. The decrease from the
amounts reported in former years has been considera-
ble, as indicated in the following statement:
between public and private beds: SHAD PRODUCT.
a Quantity Value
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908. (pounds). 6
wae. "wean. | PRS IO | SA ecacetescensrreteeeveniocnsiecareinieinieniene| Ge | aa
KIND AND SOURCE. TBF secs sects othe ainda somten ereeIeute Memes Se ecm see 13, 001, 000 343, 000
Quantity \Quanttiy ae
(bushels) YS | ‘pushels),| Value: ee ae Cod.—The cod product of New Jersey in 1908 was
3,767,000 pounds, valued at $130,000. More than
Total..........- 2, 586, 000 |S1, 369, 000 |'2, 122, 000 |s988, 000 | 464,000 |s380,000 | three-fifths of this quantity was taken in the vessel
Market oysters........ 920,000 | 884,000 || 628,000 | 575,000 | 292,000 | 309,000 | fisheries. The total catch of 1904 was far below that
From privatsaress| 901/000 | —873°000 || ¢23°o00 | 573,000 | 2817000 | 268699 | Of 1897 or of 1908, as may be seen from the compara-
Seed oysters.......... 1,667, 000 485,000 |/1,494,000 | 413,000 | 173,000 71,000 tive statistics which follow.
From public areas.| 772,000 236,00) 623,000 | 173,000 | 148,000 | 63,000
From private areas| 895,000 248, 000 871,000 | 240,000 | 24,000 8,100 COD PRODUCT.
Squeteague.—Squeteague ranked second in value
among the products of the New Jersey fisheries.
Practically all of the catch of this species was taken
in the shore and boat fisheries. The quantity and the
value of the catch have increased steadily, as is shown
by the following comparison with previous canvasses:
YEAR. ne
uanti
(pounds). Value.
3,767,000 | $130,000
--| 1,262,000 54, 000
3,482,000 71,000
Sea bass.—Another important species was sea bass.
About two-thirds of the product was taken in shore
aren and boat fisheries. The catch has steadily increased
YEAR. ] since 1897, as the following comparison shows:
Quantity so
(pounds), | Value.
SEA-BASS PRODUCT.
11,814,000 | $342,000
~:] 10,699,000 | 253) 000 YEAR.
8,679,000 | 181, 000 Quantity | value
4,430,000 | 133; 000 (pounds).
3,161,000 | $123, 000
Hard clams.—Hard clams ranked next to squeteague 2;.572/000 | 98,000
: P 2,131,000 | 74,000
in value, nearly all of the product being from the
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 193
Taste 1.—NEW JERSEY—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. .
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Ea trap Lines. Gill nets. Seines. aah hoop | Ail other apparatus.!
Quantit Quanti Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds), Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Totalescuceesesscee 74, 827,000 |$3, 069,000 |!30, 285,000 /$539, 000 8,382,000 $332,000 |4, 515,000 |$310,000 |9,649,000 |$108,000 | 449,000 |$22,000 |21, 548,000 /$1, 758, 000
12,000 270,000 3, 200 400 (?) 14,00 100 |1,015, 000 8, 200 2,400 100 6,000 (2)
99, 000 204,000 | 12,000] 871,000} 48,000] 737,000 | 37,000 24,000 1,400 14,000 B00 lasncawenemelviccmestay
22,000 378,000 | 14,000] 192,000} 7,900 2,800 100 2,200 100 2, 500 O00 |esdasueunentotataamede
51,000 |} 2,036,000 51,000 14,000 400 4,200 200 200 A): © asics Benceaeratdlll Ae ienceaycices ateseutminrc fareiel | SS Simao srt
16,000 20,000} 1,800 }..........]........- 165,000} 11,000] 34,000] 2,900 B00 | 2) lec seenisecal ices ceeons
* 5,300 5, 500 AO1 | aeeie eevee ohne 22,000} 1,900] 31,000] 2,500 4, 200 500 100 )
130, 000 845,000 | 20,000 |2,920,000 | 110,000 |_.........]..-.-----|...-.-----]-.------- 1,000 100: | 2. pessoa eseedeeiiae
19,000 457,000 ; 10,000 1,000 FOOD. fino 5, cr, pa cpziclP Srsiocereizisinid 93,000 DE MOO, | accep deere tliess cpecrsrasal| se apisraerelestseflsieisioaioaicis
22;,000 2700 200 200} (@) 4,500 400 | 30,000} 2,800} 22,000 | 2,400} 193,000 16, 000
25,000 195,000] 6,500} 114,000) 4,800] 28,000] 1,100) 38,000) 1,700} 273,000 | 11,000 |.........../...0.2222.
600 11,000 200
1,600 175,000 1,400
5,600 207,000 5, 600
E 3,400 5,900 700
Mackerel... 501, 000 14,000 460, 000 9,700
Menhaden .{12, 417,000 43,000 || 5,807,000 | 28,000
i 7,600 BOO! PM osstas:24s oreratnzell elanacsinaee
140,000 11,000 5, 800 200
17,000 1,300 1,400 100
84,000 1,100 84,000 1,100
1,196, 000 35, 000 324,000 9,400 | 286,000} 10,000 500 (2) 583, 000
-| 3,161,000 123,000 131, 000 6,900 |2,971,000 | 114,000 1,400 (2) 46,000
eal 62, 000 200 62,000 200: |ecoes rie wa|iewsensntd eusensmert |daseeses,s uma dete se
-| 3,004, 000 229,000 59, 000 5,300 1,700 100 |2,748,000 | 208,000 | 174,000
3,708,000 44,000 || 3,522,000 41,000 53, 000 800 23,000 25000" ice cencas
TSO Ep mcens pace le tiseae eel Mean eed yticomaeete kaactaacese lasee cesutes 7, 500
1,800 6,000 1,600 300 100 800 200; | scene consis
3,100 247,000 2,800 3,600 200) Nese rcuetaracdra'| Unrdhacearees 4,500
342,000 |/10,035,000 | 281,000 | 552,000 | 21,000 | 385,000 14,000 | 815,000
, 400 }, 000 , 10 i 9 8,600 1,600 19,000
13,000 12,000 TV 200: | asciedceysisia| aectceceinincel P20; O00" | U2 O00 capac wraps [inacsace beta fernodiechercigm| settee seie [baemietin dee) ec teungmict
900 000
,
Crabs, hard..............
Crabs, soft...
Crabs, king
Lobster .
Shrimp..
SQUIGi ccs cesseoxweasedeem
Terrapin
Turtles 100
Mussels 3 287,000
Clams, hard............-.|42, 184,000 BUSHOOO I scuciesacalleoetesinst| smecminind leew aes sake tase.| Socisseiniaud ieatsiorencs icine | oisioteieisieee |e Svia eeilais| Seema 42,184, 000 318, 000
Clams, soft... 5 205, 000 11,000
Clams, surf 6 99,000 7,000
Oysters, market, from
wrablid areas, OID | PTPO00 | letazs tee tl sorsasee | Socees ces |Soatetoet | seete 2, eaeeaaan. | aaaesnane |e cece: ace st coccee 7 107,000 | 12,000
Oysters, market, from
che ald eer aa 38330;000! || {3728000 | owae de dears [second aaec oars’ leveurtee: |eaauieal Actuate alton gellganaeus: Lage eee 86,330,000 | 872, 000
Oysters, seed, from pub-
Rhee Seas laid? OOO" | 28302000: [lcs catcele [Ces Gietewel aecattecend axteus aoa |etewnyaedl ueucat tcl leesewe esl nog epays| ab eearewesl eceuee 95,402,000 | 236, 000
Oysters, seed, from pri-
Bee ahtae ses ica ORE DEEYO00;|| <ERZOOO I esce ouava| wees seas lxsngeemete| Weeceesta erate alec aces ove: [ea wv eee euese cel neteng 196, 266,000] 248, 000
Skins, mink and muskrat| 1 3,000 BOO |. eee cee neleee cece oferrcrecccoleceecwenolecccccenccleer cee ncnlnncccncnca|nencccnnalececnncccelansecnce L 3,000 , 800
1 , with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 21,049,000 pounds, valued at $1,703,000; eel and lobster traps and pots, 299,000 pounds, valued at $32,000;
dip GE Ties, valued at $9,600; mink and auckeat traps, ’3,000 pounds, valued at $2,300; spears, 9,200 pounds, valued at $800; shrimp nets, 3,900 pounds, valued
at $800; and minor apparatus, 70,000 pounds, valued at $9,900.
2 Less than $100.
3 29,000 bushels.
76786°—11—_18
4 273,000 bushels.
5 20,000 bushels.
§ 12,000 bushels.
7 15,000 bushels.
8 904,000 bushels.
9 772,000 bushels.
10 895,000 bushels.
11 9,100 skins.
194 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 2.—NEW JERSEY—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
TOTAL. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
Pound and trap ; ; A Fyke and hoo All other appa-
SPECIES. nets. Gill nets: Lines. Seines. sia cea ei
Quantity
(Pounds).| Valve Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantit
uanti uuantity uuantity uanti Quantit; anti
(pounds).} V#¥2- |Sounds).| V@!U®- |pounds).| V@e- |(pounds).| V@lUe- |Gounds).| V@!4*- |(pounds).| Value.
POHL Si Gecscicsaceraer 49,007,000 |$1,873, 000 ||30, 285,000 |$539,000 |4, 485,000 /$305, 000 |4,806,000 |$196,000 |2, 582,000 |$65,000 | 447,000 |$22,000 |6, 402,000 |$747,000
Fish:
Alewives...........----- 1,309,000 12,000 270,000 3,200 14,000 100 400 () {1,015,000
Bluefish . --| 1,779,000 94,000 204,000 | 12,000} 737,000 | 37,000) 808,000 | 44,000 17,000
Bonito__. Soe 574,000 22,000 378,000 | 14,000 2,800 100 | 190,000 7800: |. 2. acne es
Butterfish... -| 2,054,000 51,000 || 2,036,000 | 51,000 4,200 200 14,000} 400 ]..........
Carp, German........... 220,000 16,000 000 1,800: | 165,000 | 11,000!) sscaneccsfeceicccicice 34,000
63,000 5,300 5,500 400 22,000 1,900! |ocvecaase slevx oeeced 31,000
---| 1,417,000 40,000 845,000 | 20,000: | icscccccecfeseveseec 571,000 | 20,000 |........-.
-| 661,000 (000: || LO; C00; |e. cicieneice|eceieieciess 198,000 100
242,000 200
638,000
20,000
181,000
207,000
35,000
482,000
6, 533,000
7,600
Perch, white............- 138,000
Perch, yellow....-.-.-.--- 17,000
POAC iiccenniaccvcsded 84,000
SCUP..2.2:c00sc0% saeeeced 583,000 19,000 324,000 9,400 500 (2) 231,000 8,300 25,000 | 1,000 , 000 2001 facsis sralerancrcts | serararstoae
Sea bas: 2,088,000 84,000 131,000 | 6,900 1,400} (2) 400
Sea robin. . 62,000 200 62,000 200. |= .2iesaleisicicrecc!
Shad...... 3,004,000 229,000 59,000 5,300 |2,748,000
Silver hake 3,708,000 44,000 || 3,522,000 | 41,000 | 123,000
SME te ose eres tceceaes T8007] 15500" leven esc: aekaostr.|saseecced
Spanish mackerel_....... 7,100
POE oc Sere sre ccisssiceiaearise 255,000} 3,100 |) 247,000) 2,800 }..........
Squeteague. 11,306,000 329,000
Striped bass 53,
Sturgeon...............--| 123,000
CaViar ey vsjmacesaa duct 8,700
74,000
112,000
11,000
19,000
186,000
63,000
4,607,000
09,000
4,900
100,000
1,100
5,500
3 247,000
Clams: Hard ene csteasieece vos 42,043,000 301,000
Clams, soft... 5 205,000 11,000
Clams, surf.................. 6 99,000 7,000
Oysters, market, from public
BECAS. - cu seis ra soca kee 775,000 9 GOO" || xiao steiaiss sys asa) alermrciers ares | evaaraia aera | eiesiesionsress | sciatica nea leisie boats crore lose Racussereistn | bevcle Meters | slogereg owen eaaemeee 775,000 9,600
Oysters, market, from private
ATCASi.s Jicic pieicrctciarsicerciaisicias + 81,967,000 299,000 8 sic scc:sjcssiaiciellsisisre srareiaie| sareaind steele [an sseecctl saeceeis estate necen| gawsesages | exdvedenlecedaceewaloseta ses 81,967,000 | 299,000
Oysters, seed, from public
POAS esc cscs ceaneeee, eaienio # 1,038,000 (63;000:' cc necseages|lsevnsceve| ssestosdus|scaiveden|sioseceseen stevedse|bsieaseemelacawatue|askewcaijed| sa ceeaer 91,038,000 | 63,000
Oysters, seed, from private
TOS he tii, Mate isis eles 10 170,000 85100 yeeeaeccencleoetecndal seme aieaeten tints peaiciel secammigiea |eessaciaisiel lence hers d fe owaacac| aman aente neces 10 170,000 8,100
Skins, mink and muskrat....| 443,000 2,300 )'| | ssecieicicicie mele cmrreisiviwe asin ceinsicicie [isco 2encia| einer ion basanites Seoe hein nereeatee leaesaeaneeneaies 11 3,000 2,300
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5,919,000 pounds, valued at $694,000; eel and lobster pots and traps, 284,000 pounds, valued at $30,000;
dip nets, 113,000 pounds, valued at $9,600; mink and muskrat traps, 3,000 pounds, valued at $2,300; spears, 9,200 pounds, valued at $800; shrimp nets, 3,900 pounds, valued
at $800; and minor apparatus, 70,000 pounds, valued at $9,900.
4 255,990 bushels.
6 20,000 bushels,
2 Less than $100.
8 25,000 bushels.
6 12,009 bushels,
711,000 bushels,
8 281,000 bushels.
£ 148,000 bushels.
10 24,000 bushels.
11 9,100 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
195
Taste 3.—NEW JERSEY—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES.
Dredges, tongs, etc.
Lines. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
Quantit
(pounds).
Quantity
(pounds).
Quantit
(pounds).
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
Value. Value. Value.
MO tal saseass Siveaececeacys yomedee eicimtetocwas | 25,820,000 | $1,196, 000
15, 130, 000
$1,009,000 | 3,576,000 | $137,000 | 7,067,000 47,000
129, 000
11,000
11, 000
19,000
5, 884, 000
1,500
613,000
Squeteague.......
DOUWPLOON sscesaintec is coaiegs weawanreeeetenees Hen
CAV ialic cuss vesmenusatesick sexmmais Waseca sent
Crabs; Nandan eros at sesmcictcceine dee temes dawieis
Lobster .... fete
200
Clams; hard vce. sesarsssseaeenes 4140, 000 17,000
Faldatelon 5 32,000
Oysters, market, from public areas...
Oysters, market, from private areas................ 6 4,363,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas............2....... 6 4,364,000
Oysters, seed, from private areas.............2...-. 7 6,096, 000
2,300
573, 000
173,000
240,000
4140, 000
5 32,000
§ 4,363,000
6 4, 364, 000
7 6,096, 000
200
17,000
2,300 |...
573,000 |...
173,000 |... esis
PAO OGD! |iois%2-Ssdnsisjetnietal afeteceressielsidlleiaciside closets! Saeuauee Ge lepine asaede noe TE
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Gill nets, 30,000 pounds, valued at $4,400; eel and lobster pots and traps, 15,000 pounds, valued at $1,400; and fyke and
hoop nets, 2,000 pounds, valued at $100.
2 Less than $100. 34,000 bushels. 418,000 bushels.
NEW YORK.
In the value of fishery products New York ranked
third in 1908, being surpassed only by Massachusetts
and Virginia. The total value of such products was
$4,594,000, or 9 per cent of the total for the United
States. The chief fishing grounds of the state are Lake
Erie, Lake Ontario, the Hudson River, Long Island
Sound, and the Atlantic coast region. The first two
bodies of water are included in the Great Lakes district,
while the remainder constitute the Atlantic coast dis-
trict. New York is thus peculiar in having both fresh
and salt water fisheries of considerable importance and
in having fresh-water fisheries in the two natural divi-
sions, the Hudson River being included in the Atlantic
coast district.
A summary of the general statistics of the fisheries
of the state for 1908 is given in the following statement:
Number of persons employed... --.---------++++-+++- 6,775
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ........------ $2, 058, 000
Apparatus of capture... .------------+-eeer eee 362, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash...-..--.---- 1, 413, 000
4,594, 000
Value of products.....-----------+e eee reer eee eee
Comparison with previous canvasses.—Prior to the
census of 1908 no report covering all of the fisheries of
New York had been made for any one year, although
statistics of the fisheries of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario
5 4,500 bushels. 6 623,000 bushels. 7 871,000 bushels.
have been included since 1880 in canvasses of the Great
Lakes, and figures for the fisheries of the state along
the Atlantic coast have been shown in the reports of
the Middle Atlantic states.
In the next table the principal items from the re-
ports on the fisheries of these two districts are given,
and composite figures for certain combinations of years
are presented as totals for the state.
The number of persons employed as shoresmen and
the investment in shore and accessory property and
cash capital are excluded from the next table because,
owing to the fact that the reports of the Bureau of
Fisheries for certain years included with the above items,
respectively, the number of men and the amount of
capital employed in the wholesale fishery trade and in
shore industries related to the fisheries, the statistics se-
cured by that bureau are in these respects not compar-
able with the census returns.
A comparison of the returns for 1908 with those for
1903-4 shows large decreases in every branch of the
industry, including one of 17 per cent in the total
amount invested in vessels, boats, and apparatus of
capture, and one of 28 per cent in the value of the
products. The figures were in fact higher for 1903-4
than for any other canvass, except that the number of
vessels was smaller than in 1888-1890 and the quantity
of products smaller than in 1880. :
196 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
Vessels. Boats.
DISTRICT AND YEAR. loved. pea oe
ofshores-|| Total a 5 me ture || Quantity Value
men, value. Value, in- (pounds). "
Number.| cluding |Number.| Value. (value).
outfit.
6, 172 || $2, 419, 000 643 | $1,750,000} 3,131 | $308,000 | $362,000 |] _76, 485,000 | $4, 594,000
9,732 || 2,931, 000 711 | 2,181,000} 5,195] 346,000} 404,000 || 281,844,000 | 6, 418, 000
8, 187 || 1, 635, 000 655 | 1,054,000} 4,510} 293,000} 289,000 |] 117,516,000] 3, 634,000
7,242 || 1,867,000 745 | 1,318,000} 4,126 247,000 | 301,000 |j 197,754,000] 3,604, 000
5, 650 1, 458, 000 541 778, 000 3,441 290, 000 390, 000 333, 523,000 4,381,000
5,146 |} 2,274,000 629 | 1,698,000] 2,858] 278,000] 298,000 |] 71,474,000 4,390, 000
8, 496 2,717,000 686 {| 2,090,000 4, 894 321,000 306, 000 277, 650, 000 6, 231.000
6,937 |} 1,499, 000 643 | 1,012,000] 4,089] 274,000] 213,000 || 109,556,000} 3, 392, 000
5,864 || 1,711,000 738 | 1,294,000} 3,590} 211,000 | — 206,000 || 189,666,000 | 3,348, 000
1,026 |] 145,000 14| 51,000 273| 29,000] 64,000] 5,011,000] 208, 000
1,236 || 214, 000 25) 91,000 301] 25,000] 98,000] 4,194,000] 188,000
1,250 |} 136, 000 12| 42,000 421| 18,000] 75,000] 7,961,000 242 000
1,378 || 156, 000 7| 24,000 536| 37,000] 95,000 8,088,000) 257,000
In the Atlantic Coast district there has been the same | of motor boats. The amount invested in apparatus
tendency toward an increase in the various items up | of capture in the fisheries of the Great Lakes was less
to 1904 and toward a sudden decrease after that date. | in 1908 than at any previous canvass, but in the value
In the Great Lakes district the number of fishermen | of the products there was an increase from 1903 to
has steadily decreased, but up to 1903 the number and | 1908 of $16,000, or 8 per cent.
value of vessels increased. The number of boats in Persons employed.—The following table gives the
this district has decreased, but since 1899 their total | number of persons employed in the fishing industry
value has advanced, as a result of the increasing use | of New York in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Namber. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
ocr saigeen aa
and inde- alarie age- "
Total. pendent |employees.| earners. Total Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
DOGAl 5 a eee cect ie Goer ine do Snarsines tiacianiadeaineiise eo Ososemaciedsolass 6,775 13,270 53 3,452 || $1,177,000 $45,000 | 2$1, 133,000
Vessel. HSherieS cc cednecde da aces aa hubembe nc den ase nnastentanccanaarece 2, 239 501 48 1,690 700, 000 40, 000 660, 000
Transporting VeSSCIS « < o.<:0.000<is0cacinesieccaneecsseseness 314 WO! a erctel steneptssccces 238 104,000 ||.......-.... 104, 000
Shore and boat fisheries 3,619 2,693 5 921 231, 000 4,800 227,000
BHOPESIGIED o> cies ls .clessinae is on deciajeintsciorera is ares araaalomnrciemiemeslenane nase smaasietes 6038: | ccistersmiciniscisiel] neetocemeieen 603 142,000 ||.........-.- 142,000
Atlantic coast. district) <.c.25 oc sen scasccusuerwwesicis ose eeciepioeasstndes setvesesexwecius 5,749 2,380 53 3,316 1, 127,000 45,000 1,082, 000
Wessel fish Cries 20s ecpaw ee casts sepieecaaseeeverasensrieesawewweweeeyecteeeesd 2,157 491 48 1,618 665, 000 40,000 626, 000
Transporting vessels: ... 2... s<-0-5c3-sdiec descends suneiees 314 NG Ves Dacesetigs 238 104,000 }}....... Fcc 104, 000
Shore and boat fisheries 2,675 1,813 5 857 216, 000 4,800 211,000
SDLOLESTIVEDY: sic) ciarasciainscisisiessieiatessieieis bia cinitva Soreis ng eS aCe Rigieas Saal TeawIsa SUIS OeeO GOS Wl cae S2 apace Aenean er 603 142,000 }!.......-.... 142, 000
Long IslandiSGum Gs a.0.3503cci eae osaeksmiieegose pest obahetesbodeeeoadecsu ieee 1,429 588 19 822 269, 000 252,000
"VieSSOLTISH CTI OSise ure rp orcs ayers sre od scalar ane GRRE KRG SOR R mameRM ReneS 453 126 19 308 158, 000 141, 000
Transporting Vessels. 006aecieecse seecetescanssievenscss 61 2 39 15,000 15, 000
Shore and boat fisheries 617 440 |x vveeeeee ox 177 67,000 67,000
SHOEI Cc c cosas osseeneumnener reser ness yeas weneeee auweihinewwen sh atengewes 208 learnt acters lepieneetss zeae 298 28, 000 000
All other Waterss 05.05 sivecosseautge tex endowed shee eececetes ox eeitaeeee reseeeees 4,320 1,792 34 2,494 858, 000 830, 000
WeSSel ASN CHGS eis tae de cesses a ciasice es Sale Rdinidaa eos abides Me RAR TREK 1,704 365 29 1,310 508, 000 23, 000 485, 000
Transporting VESSEIS. «2.5... ..0c02 ene esemaceseeesteeeeeccesese 253 64 | nsccwwadcincan 199 89,000 |}......2.2... 89,000
Shore and boat fisheries 2,058 1,373 5 680 148, 000 4,800 143,000
Shoresmen 805: anise ee es |sieaescnbags 305 T1300 Wien scene ware 113,000
Great Lakes district 1,026 890 |cscoaeseces 136 51,000 |].....2...... 51,000
Vessel fisheries 82 8 eee 72 35,000 ||.......2.... 35,000
Shore and boat fisheries 944 $80. |oicsemecscicee 64 165000) ||orcscsieseccor 16,000
Lake Erie..............-. 730 GIS Jaascacawcisins 115 48,000 |]............ 48,000
Vessel fisheries 82 LO \iicrertereisi ciao 72 35,000 |)... ee 35,000
Shore and boat fisheries 648 605: avsawereece 43 13,000 |]-.... 22.220. 13,000
Lake Ontario (shore and boat fisheries) 296 STD \aiwastioninen 21 AS | ern 2,900
1 Exclusive of 112 proprietors not fishing.
? Includes provisions furnished to the value of $157,000.
FISHERIES,
Of the total number of persons engaged in the
fisheries of the state, including shoresmen, 5,749, or
85 per cent, were reported for the Atlantic coast
district. The shore and boat fisheries are ‘credited
with 53 per cent of the total number of persons em-
ployed. The number of proprietors and independent
fishermen was much higher, relatively, for the Great
Lakes district than for the Atlantic coast district,
BY STATES. 197
being 87 per cent of all persons employed in the case
of the former district and only 41 per cent in the case
of the latter.
Equipment and other capital.—The total investment
in the fisheries of the state was $3,832,000. The
amounts represented by the principal items are shown
in detail in the following table:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT, Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
ee LongIsland| All Lak
ong Islan other . ake
Total. Sound. Waters. Total. Lake Erie. Ontario.
PROWA asinjaisicie aise wie ome? uaa aye aitien a ee neldeemremeneeananeycuxeeuseauon aac $3, 832,000 |} $3,666,000 |} $979,000 | $2,687,000 || $166,000 |} $131,000 | $35, 000
Vessels, including outfit... . 2.2.2.2 2.0.0... c cece cece cece ccceceeeeececcceeesees 1,750,000 |} 1,698,000 392,000 } 1,307,000
IDG 5 csotavaraiviareraett < srieiererata epee Se she Disease 1,406,000 || 1,354, 000 335,000 | 1,019,000
LORE AML TNO OTs vw sain cs On edusinnnswidnme dan woxewaedeass eaereey 783, 000 732,000 305, 000 427,000
SSIS 5 seid arsty eidpevsiaisinis oe ciaiacieis d aredialeib anne eesttiandeniclesarm (en mee 664, 000 622, 000 259, 000 364, 000
PUES pita cig nite ed ccocosient alok enna OS Baie eokeneenamy mina 119, 000 110, 000 47,000 63, 000
SOM sce iiss sass ciels leeesegssnye Se Casyenlel te SeosBcreeclasur tiie atone kee rete 614, 000 614,000 30, 000 584,000
WOR oc walhes bantdad Beondaias seuanwaianmsneaenan tewepuadle 426, 000 426,000 28, 000 398, 000
OUT. inaed cringe migra sekenneme seaxameecce ee eeeemaameonade 188, 000 188,000 1,800 187,000
OPREL occ scemvizines vmedksseis ee crenoreid nd eameek Gnisremioeents Seyret 8,000 000 I Leica este cic 8,
"Trans POTtam gavac\2:zispnce cjnsciacsjatss cision stednang Men nbassax He eecemate ws erecta 344,000 344,000 56, 000 288, 000
Steam and Mobor. oon sewece ase vee cesta vee seecwpese ca caieinee 209, 000 209, 000 39,000 171, 000
Wessel Sis. ctaayirsssuacee nen aciowisis e ticicceaisinssdeticidisiasre cieig- spa dian 173,000 173, 000 32, 000 141,000
ws OMT wrk cents itpectes ek eine ciskaee isha soitsaiac seme dbinioyeyend Bee Ombewe 37, 000 37,000 6, 600 0, 000
Bails sesnecdesenage seine sciesoeind2s ae neccsun scene cauaeneaecne 135,000 135, 000 17,000 117,000
Vessels. . 117,000 117,000 15,000 102, 000
Outfit... 18, 000 18,000 2, 700 15,000
Other.......... 300 300 800! | wwcreoscwee
ALS) aia isrece is sajersis oie eeciasate weve tess amis oRiitrainns FAaieuierau cielo cisunciaiaigaion 308, 000 278,000 67,000 211,000
Steam and motor. 187,000 162, 000 41,000 120, 000
FSET TR ial eal siaed oartee mit ilies pire CoN ste PONE a 42,000 40,000 12,000 28, 000
ROW siaes eonserenecesounuans elie sheen aeneial exec scar areh 61,000 58, 000 11,000 47,000
Oe sis ies accor ctetecns vieteeiner's betes repre nik ae rotate kikig le Sere aiateinse wen 18,000 18,000 2,200 16,000
Apparatus of capture............-. 22-22 e ee eee eee eee eee eee 362, 000 298, 000 80,000 217,000
MOSSEL PSH OTIES i 5255 (203 syererctoin sia ausieroieiaise Strsuserarsjen disable eeaeerslas 114, 000 87,000 8,700 78,000
Shore and boat fisheries............2.....20200000-cee cece ee 248, 000 211,000 71, 000 139, 000
Shore and accessory property e 665, 000 647,000 183,000 464, 000
CASB a soi ceinisie ain einie ated em eeicderoanta desea hed sae RE RERSM HTRUR OMI TE COR eG asia 747,000 745, 000 258, 000 487,000
The number and tonnage of the vessels and the number of the boats were as follows:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
iiss OR GRU: Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
Aggregate.
Total. nope eed ee Total. || Lake Erie. oe
Yasue :
ee cena 1, Saianbinie SEG ERRSCR SIS ax eebeh ots se aeinemns Le eeeMEE aS 509 495 143
PONTO 0 2 e-em ea nn nnins HANGER EE EYRE SEH eee EARN Fee ORR TEE RH 7,613 7,397 1,960
236 222 71
3, 262 3,046 1,444
220 220 72
4,351 4,351 516
Other, number... --....--------- 220-22 eee e eerste ese cesses reste: 53 63! Il scancesiegcce
co ARR REIN CAST Se re nete mS RRR TT 134 134 30 | | ace | SAUCER | Une see
MONNAG Es.) cerca odie icc de anVAamnins Seweerlcoteis atereeRER TENE SeeaeS 2, 862 2, 862 556 BSG. | ew acmeenscal [sereneacemees sence acct
Cr ee - Py cevte the OM AAN MNRRIMLLS NONE STE ren temic can! 62 62 17 45 || stosisiars aicteare | te wensteiaivas alaecsmecie sie
Tonnage..... 2 essa veseraisies Eriaicueis'# au abiadiob GRRE SeeERGIONOMbHS Damn 992 992 202 790 |||ezemsnonneeel lsqemecanecnslaeeexaoeaces
Ball 71 7 12 Cry | eae nace | eetomnenstren| DUCE Rea ERRL
1,790 1,790 274 WONG eee ecient (Sunes aeeiiemid wane eects
1 1 TV lieu soeceeme|lstecuomsctes| |Sieadi costes bedceatad cer
80 80 80) | iecsitex espe le wedwae ness ||ated- ceccetes|ees eo eeceeens
3,131 2,858 764 2,094 273 111 162
458 394 98 296 64 34 30
306. 73 212 21 5 16
2,215 2,030 531 1,499 185 72 113
15: 149 62 87 il | eee neers 3
198
The largest investment was in vessels, 46 per cent
of the total capital being invested in fishing and
transporting vessels and their outfits. From 1903-4 to
1908 there was an increase of 3 in the number of
fishing vessels, accompanied by a decrease of 2,703
in the net tonnage, while both the number and the
tonnage of transporting vessels decreased, the falling
off in number amounting to 70 and that in net ton-
nage to 858. The total investment in apparatus of
capture was $362,000, over two-thirds of which per-
tained to the shore and boat fisheries. In the Great
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Lakes district the largest investment was in apparatus
of capture, the value of which represented 39 per cent
of the total investment for this district.
The investment in shore and accessory property and
the cash capital reported, which together represented
over a third of the total investment, were confined
almost wholly to the Atlantic coast fisheries.
The following table gives detailed statistics con-
cerning the number of the principal kinds of apparatus
of capture used:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
. rere { dete
KIND OF APPARATUS AND CLASS OF FISHERIES. Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
Ageregate. \
Total, | LougiIsland) All other Total. Lake Lake
~ |i Sound. waters. Irie. Ontario.
. !
All fisheries:
Beam trawls:s sesceseses seacenesaes evacuees exeeeiassseeeeeneeeeset Seeeee 2 3
Eel and lobster pots. _ 17, 456 17, 456 3, 288
Fyke and hoop nets. 9, 576 9,098 2, 058
Gill Mets. 220.0222. e eset 12, 283 1,108 6
Harpoons, spears, etc. . ae 160 160 63
OINCS ois cheap naae 2 Sores ea Rea <endewAedasedemte Bae aeccetee 385 380 18
AML OUBED ¢yae nicest decece dined Pen candwuee Seeeeeke oat Pia ase eeeees 903 823 325
Vessel fisheries:
Beam traws s:2cciiccnict sins newcte catenecjenraniemicise cniatiomeiastas peiteaibleiens ce ceeels 27 27
Heliand lobster Potss: c.ucd.acs.sci,stectetencic was stevalea rats vais Asst tnnealis Senibremiemeacuelaten! 4,461 4,461 595,
Fyke and hoop nets. 2,877 2,877 15
Gill netSe. 2222200202: 5, 279 280 25
Harpoons, spears, ete 47 47 19
DOINGS oi eisai peat meh Preece ale a ees eg cg ale ee real a aha, 2 77 77 1
Shore and boat fisheries:
BB CAINE WAS 25 22 tapeyab bss Syed egSisp cay deend Sand ecb sephugyled See sasteeseemuereet oS heNo aan ae etees 2 2 secethacs see
Dip nets................ 326 325
Ed and lobster pots... - 12,995 12,995 2,693
Fyke and hoop nets.... 6,699 6, 221 2,043
GING tS: ssckeses Seisyeusearcio 7,004 828 4
Harpoons, spears, etc. . . 113 113 44
Muskrat traps......-..- 70 70 60
Pound and trap nets... 507 428 258
DOMES se weite ras eussaeewaes eieeedomeh Seema eee ee eeeeaecks cetaesSade Seeoe 308 303 17
Products, by species.—The products of the New
York fisheries in 1908 amounted to 76,485,000 pounds,
valued at $4,594,000, and are shown in detail in Table
1, on page 204. Mollusks contributed nearly two-
thirds of the total value of all products, the value of
oysters alone constituting 56 per cent of the total.
The value of the catch of squeteague, which was the
most important species of fish proper reported and
which ranked second to oysters among all fishery
products, represented 10 per cent of the total.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Table 6, on page 207,
shows the total fishery products of the state, distrib-
uted by species and by districts. Detailed statistics
of the products of the Atlantic coast, Long Island
Sound, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario districts, by kind
and by apparatus of capture, are shown, respectively,
in Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5, on pages 205 to 207.
As all of the mollusks, the most valuable class of
fishery products, and all of the salt-water fish were
taken on the Atlantic coast, this district is credited
with a large proportion of the total value of products.
Fish contributed 31 per cent of the total value of
products of the Atlantic coast district. The value of
squeteague, which is by far the most important species
of fish caught, combined with that of bluefish, floun-
ders, and cod, made up nearly three-fourths of the
entire value of the fish caught in this district. All the
pike perch, lake herring, and whitefish were taken in
the Great Lakes district, Lake Erie furnishing much the
larger part of the value of each of these. Some species
were taken in the Hudson River and also in the Great
Lakes; eels and German carp were taken principally
in the Hudson River, and sturgeon and catfish princi-
pally in the Great Lakes. The most important species
taken in Lake Erie were pike perch and lake herring.
For Lake Ontario the principal species were catfish
and bullheads, pike perch, and sturgeon.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Table 7, on page 208,
gives statistics of the fishery products of New York,
distributed by species and by class of fisheries. Tables
8 and 10, on pages 209 and 210, show the distribu-
tion by districts of the products of the vessel fish-
eries and the shore and boat fisheries, respectively,
ranked according to value.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
The following tabular statement shows the distribu-
tion, according to species arranged in the order of their
value, of the total value of products for each class of
fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES, Sh a
r ore an
Total. : Pilani boat
[ra : fisheries.
DTM chad sce bem eceenccs aon cetnoos $4, 594,000 || $2,860,000 | $1,734,000
Pipe sase vicnes sescngie en ceuer ey eaeed eddhccuins 1, 566, 000 742, 000 824, 000
Bees Sc a een 1, 000 216, 000 235, 000
OTS ros ca stra reese b's peigureaisdaaoodace 291, 000 268, 000 22, 000
PIONS pwysaiee e's phiaseiy x eicsiarn ease denwsentes 141, 000 30, 000 111, 000
Cod SPSS iNRiciin y siaeinnieis ao epaee emacs 99, 000 59, 000 39, 000
Pike Perens: seta eaaaena teas 68, 000 38, 000 30, 000
BUGCOTHSD 5 ico p22 sada seenictes asaerelenae 64, 000 400 64, 000
Eels. ...-. nesalisn EME u tar eewe selene Sy 57, 000 11, 000 46, 000
Lake herring 51, 000 25, 000 26, 000
Scup, or porg 45, 000 42,000 2, 600
Sea bass... .- 35, 000 16, 000 19, 000
Carp, German 31, 000 200 31, 000
sawed deme QT 000! | escctee nesiciee 27,000
Btur eon and caviar... 23, 000 1) 23, 000
ON NAMEN 2c syne cae aocees 22, 000 18, 000 4,000
Catfish and bullheads... 1227122117! 20, 000 200 20, 000
AN OCHO Ra scccaieadiveeaae= acura ex's 140, 000 16, 000 124, 000
Oysters......- 2, 553, 000 1, 952, 000 601, 000
Clams.......-. 292, 000 82, 000 210, 000
Scallops....... 98, 000 64, 000 35, 000
Lobster....... 57,000 18, 000 40,000
AIL OCH CT oe.ste virco steete caine caciiaieieiadh sinssiavcen 27,000 2,800 24,000
1 Less than $100.
Vessel fisheries are credited with 55 per cent of the
weight and 62 per cent of the value of the New York
fishery products. Oysters, the most important prod-
uct for the state as a whole, contributed 68 per cent
of the value of the product reported for vessel fisheries
of the state as a whole, 70 per cent of the correspond-
ing value for the Atlantic coast district, and 85 per
cent of that for the Long Island Sound fisheries.
Ninety-seven per cent of the value of the entire
catch reported for vessels represents the value of prod-
uct secured on the Atlantic coast. The vessels reported
for Lake Erie, 14 in number, contributed products
valued at $73,000. There were no vessels engaged in
fishing on Lake Ontario.
In the shore and boat fisheries, as in the vessel
fisheries, oysters were the product of greatest value,
representing 35 per cent of the total value of products.
Nearly all the scallops were taken in Long Island
Sound; practically all the lake herring came from the
shore and boat fisheries in Lake Erie; and the pike
and pickerel almost exclusively from Lake Ontario.
The shore and boat fisheries in the Atlantic coast
district supplied 93 per cent of the entire catch
reported for this class of fisheries.
Some species, such as bluefish and scup, were taken
almost wholly by the vessel fisheries and others,
notably butterfish, carp, sturgeon, and catfish, almost
199
entirely by the shore and boat fisheries. All of the
shad product was from the latter class of fisheries.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The distribu-
tion of the total value of products, arranged in order
of the value of their catch, for the state as a whole
and for each class of fisheries, is shown in the following
tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
ae Vessel Shore and
otal. fisheries boat
: fisheries.
Ota cccntaceacted Nobawae sei dadeacanss $4, 594, 000 |} $2,860,000 | $1,734, 000
Dredges; tongs, Che sioccnscs t2iawsamerene ssa00 2, 954, 000 2,100, 000 854, 000
FLTVGS 2 sarcomragccatsca Sreryeraiararsitis aie Sieieesicecimnctiiete = Bes Sea 442, 000 313, 000 130, 000
Pound and trap nets. s.ccsicise. ccectemmnscins s 417,000. fs sseceecee xe 417,000
SSID GS pa ceieciennrtore.sns sp /pra onaluretoin sta ereeriats Waaeee 327, 000 273, 000 54, 000
GUNG seniinan ct seas iesivinemecs teseeeNaee 2 246, 000 118, 000 128, 000
Hel and lobster pots ecv2- ocsivaes vedas 95, 000 26, 000 69, 000
Fyke and hoop nets........-.-.....--2--.--- 86, 000 ; 67,000
DUP MC US asc ake spesnttiatasens aia Roieeuetedraiesdiats distacerorels DQ BOO cand supseterscamtere 9, 300
AN OUD CR ias inte ciderscisinhe Sais acuecelirags ca aibeine este 18, 000 12, 000 6, 800
The largest catch was reported for dredges, tongs,
etc., which took products valued at $2,954,000, or 64
per cent of the total. Nearly three-fourths of the
entire vessel catch and almost half of the entire shore
and boat catch were taken by these forms of appa-
ratus.
The following tabular statement distributes the
value of the catch with dredges, tongs, etc., by
species and by class of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH
DREDGES, TONGS, ETC.: 1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES.
Long Island} All other
otal: Sound. waters.
MNOUAL ciecatd oes ,etoscuscencng ot Caer eee $2, 954, 000 $846,000 | $2,108,000
‘Wessel fisheries). 3s ccinccccntades seteercmen raed 2, 100, 000 576, 000 1,523,000
OyStels: ccc4 2 cen ctemaaross ae akegoeeteneey 1,952, 000 1, 453, 000
Clams. 82,000 67,000
Scallop 64,000 1,000
Mussels 1,600 1,600
WelStcnenwes tacavaoives 400 400
CrabSisras x izing oe sesecuens oe eeseserceeets : 300 300
Shore and boat fisheries..................... 854, 000 270, 000 585, 000
Oysters 601, 000 145, 000 457,000
Clams... 219,000 91,000 119, 000
Scallops... 34, 000 34, 000 200
Musse. 6, 600
CrabStas tcteasé cases 1,000
Fils cucnainicis ocd 2 ventuen icra sews x mntermaboaussaio's x 1,000
Lines were next in importance with respect to the
value of products taken, more than half the entire
value of the line catch representing the value of blue-
fish, while cod stood next, contributing 22 per cent of
the total value.
The value reported for the various products taken
with lines is given in the following tabular statement:
200 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH LINES: 1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES. Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
Aggregate. ae
ong Island} All other . ake
Total. Sound. waters. Total. Lake Erie. Ontario
OU vio vsinie ect Sena eamand sutaeseeanaa iaeeesne eee Reawaniewnte Re oewenee ese $442,000 $397,000 $5, 700 $391, 000 $45, 000 $5,700 $39, 000
Vessel fisheries <.0:..2:02:sccnsiencmsnsa va camacinie sine yseae caiman res yeanienam sacwdememses! 313,000 313,000 2,600 310,000. leseeaecsas scl lacmestsndes i eeiameeere
BB CHI S Tite 5 oi sehgscvera 5 sls atcivl a ereleiataista ste See Miaerslaisinie s ete tlobrowieleis Aes taeWanda Uap enediced 243,000 243,000 100 243, 000
OG e ocesere sarees 59,000 59,000 1,300 58, 000
Sea bass......... 8,000 8,000 1,100 6, 900
All other products. 2,600 2,600 200 2,400
SHOre and Host MsWeries ops orcad weiss ieee ees cesandnsed Hlcsehd Sciatiresntncta de adiaiaioreclegs 130, 000 84,000 81,000
Od Soin scar a ti gacgien ng can et Rie erm San anc Woe Aaa man ree ata ea aes 36,000 36, 000 36, 000
Bea bass shes vache uclGuedouusonieu nl slain sbastakaded sbeaksaoheseeuaaawcten 16, 000 16,000 15,000
Haddock.......- ged Pet eesenGeigeesiadmenns sae laawET FERETaN EAE TS BRT aan 11,000 11,000 11,000
Sturgeon: NG :CaVIAls os cecucccssseceauasee ns snc comuirss sacs awsieens sean VO OOO) |lpeveizios aie atSce | lasovestescsedonesier: |ieiocas simreretererere
Pike! per eh sisre eiecesies aan cadre ciensem.oemie sek Saka ac aan atin vasa eatens weineecieis SOO! [iisxsisrecsabencroetie'l (eeeeatetnedeatoraim | bevseicinisieedaseeed
Pikeiand: PickKerOlcsaicys sos scranxcsaislt cteiseaearcisa sinsa-coinsieied sind eames eisisle tions , 700 () (1)
Brook (vot. xcs og weer vial saes oeals sisal desea tityeins ainaig slaraetawogea eaaeEy 65300! |code seems [os deaeeess|beaese ereeees
Catfish:and Ditlheads « ai scence cseeemeeceove cs eepeereuns ve renew eres verses 6,000 100 100
Black bass -ccrs.scessins ixeeessauxtstevieadcoatie: pesemanmteees Peta eeeies Fiat rir (00a | arene eee ee | | Sperm PERRIN Durer ent act
AN Other fish. 58 sack oradadis ok sorke emesis eeise Oteney als ixeregieel Heese 18, 000 17,000 15,000
CLabS on caofe tcc ti nen/ sue naveuet cera y samungu es useeaaemee He aiaeMeutee bonacee 4,400 4,400 4,400
1 Less than $100.
The entire catch with pound and trap nets was
reported by the shore and boat fisheries, and its
value formed 9 per cent of the total value of prod-
ucts. Squeteague, the chief species thus taken, had
a value exceeding that of all other species; flounders
and butterfish were also taken in large quantities.
The following tabular statement distributes the value
of the product taken with pound and trap nets, by
species and by districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH POUND AND TRAP NETS: 1908.
Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
SPECIES.
Aggregate. L
Ong, All other F Lake
Total. pelsad aratere. Total. Lake Erie. Ontario.
Total $417, 000 $410, 000 $205, 000 $204, 000
Squeteague 218, 000 218, 000 77,000 141, 000
Flounders 65, 000 65, 000 41,000 23, 000
Butterfish 64, 000 64, 000 49, 000 15,000
Bluefish. 10, 000 10, 000 5, 300 » 700
Squid..... 8, 000 8, 000 6, 100 1,900
Mackerel 6, 300 6, 300 4, 200 2,100
Kingfish. . 4,600 4,600 3, 100 1,500
Whiting. . 3, 700 3,700 2,100 1,600
Menhaden 3, 400 3,400 2, 300 1, 100
Sea bass...........-.-- 3, 000 3, 000 1,800 1, 200
All other products 31, 000 24, 000 13, 000 11, 000
The gill-net catch amounted to 7,412,000 pounds,
with a value of $246,000. Of the 12,283 gill nets
reported, 10,084 were used by the Lake Erie fisher-
men. The most important species taken by these
nets were pike perch, for which a value of $57,000 was
reported; lake herring, for which a value of $50,000
was reported; and squeteague, for which a value of
$33,000 was reported. The value of the gill-net
catch, by chief species, by class of fisheries, and by
districts, is given in the following tabular statement:
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 201
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH GILL NETS: 1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES. Atlantic coast district. Great Lakes district.
heise Long Island] All oth Lak
ong Islan other + ake
Total. Sound. waters. Total. Lake Erie. Ontario.
TOL. danscndseianmosiisaivenc se acicegh buvebepes Holadsesenotacunusyeseeeeceke: $246,000 || $110,000 $3,500 | $107,000 |} $136,000 |} $121,000 $14,000
Vessel fisherloss. 30: soesnes see siva tine ce oo sunacaealetiedevc st olavsebadedsedeesesass 118,000 45,000 900 44,000 73,000 78; 000 ||asnearmesere
PUIG OHO, cites vrsiera is icin kinteumud av enenuis yawuuudia beam 38, 000 38, 000 38, 000
Lake herring... .... 2.2.2.2. 0222.2 e cece ect 25,000 25,000 25, 000
Eb citiid acltidleeidiecahiguiets suet crataemi meen nateueia cote 19,000 000! || eazdeccnuss ull ieteneemeaaely
peeled oh win hat nee tecmect Meet arateneadaeh Coa, 19; 000 19; 000 400 195,000; ||. is ssne-jnclleneacenesaeel:
F700 Miss Bertas ccs eaeioeree nts lshislacbengae 7, 700 7,700
2,000 2,000 300 47008 (Ice eee ee all omeigdsecie cee
6, 200 4,000 |).........-.. 4,000 2, 200 2,200
128, 000 66,000 2,600 63, 000 62, 000 48,000
56; 000 II eeedocec edt ||natdenaaten| nee ematleed 26,000 24, 000
24,000 24,000 [22222222 Li. D4 00O NI lepacarsae eerecel habtsta tere
19: 000:|[ewtiunss somen| [Pes cenerreces [uaceesea ren 19, 000 15, 000
14; 000 14, 000 800 13; 000'l|| aeecestcoas| loceeenwenet
11,000 3) 700)ll| scevsscunss 3,700 7, 500 5,700
9,100 9, 100 1,000 85200! [cae Sues.se|taesdee secs
Fy 100. I: oeeeites’ veel egekeataack bavateec nance 7, 100 2,100
5,200 3 900 ll ence tnacacen 3,900 1,200 1,000
13; 000 11,000 900 10, 000 1,700 600
The 385 seines used in 1908 took 18,178,000 pounds
of fish, valued at $327,000. Of the.total value, 61 per
cent was contributed by squeteague, or weakfish,
practically all of which product was taken outside of
Long [sland Sound by the vessel fishermen. From 1904
to 1908 there was a decrease of 200,511,000 pounds,
valued at $664,000, in the seine catch of menhaden,
but an increase of 64,000 pounds, valued at $10,000,
in that of German carp. The value of the seine catch,
distributed by chief species, by class of fisheries, and
by districts, was as follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH SEINES:
1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES. Atlantic coast district.
Lake
Agere- :
gate. Long All Only
Total. || Island | other 7
Sound. | waters.
Total... sc s.ceuheeweg serene 4 $327,000 ||$324, 000 || $2,800 |$321,000 |} $2,700
Vessel fisheries. ........------+------ 273, 000 || 273, 000 Q) 273,000 |]...---..
Squeteague.........-.-.-------- 197,000 || 197,000 (@) 197, 000
Scup, or porgy .-..-....-------- 42,000 , . a
Menhadenin. sic:cscsccucints cede 17,000
Sea WASSiz/xxencsenionsoisie scans , 800
Bluehish s+ sa nocesesen exes scseeic 6, 000
Flounders:. «0:03 sazesees sins 1,600
All other products......-.------ 1, 800
Shore and boat fisheries. .....-...-- 54,000 |} 51,000 |! 2,800 | 48,000 2,700
Carp, German........---------- 23, 000
Whitebait....00. 0222122222... 4, 600
SUCK CTS concn cine sao oceans 4, 400
Striped bass........------------ 3, 400
POPC hie ace cise. Sotageeeeenise ee 3, 300
OS veocoisaceiw cinsiaccnkSeheeae sees 2,700
Flounders........-.-------+-+-- 2,600
AlOWiIVOS ces cope ceetslensene ade 2,400
Squeteague. saan 2,200
SHAG ec cdwamers vajeemtens 1, 800
Catfish and bullheads. i 1,300
All other products......-..----- 1,800
1 Less than $100.
The catch made with pots was confined to the
Atlantic coast district. The value of the product
taken in this way was $95,000, of which $57,000 rep-
resented the value of lobsters, $37,000 the value of
eels, and the remainder that of a few fish and crabs.
Detailed statistics as to the value of the catch made
with pots, by species, are given in the following tabu-
lar statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH
POTS: 1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES.
Long Island| All other
Total. Sound. waters.
Totelavess weeds $95, 000 $17,000 $78,000
Vessel fisheries. ..... 26,000 2, 200 24, 000
Lobster. 18,000 1, 900 16,000
Fels. ..-. 8,300 300 8,000
Flounders. 200 |leeccesseesxs 200
Crabs, hard A100 I decease ase: 100
Shore and boat fisheries.....2............--- 69, 000 15,000 54, 000
TEODSEES cei. Siecisscitees cee ceeciciis SSeaK 39, 000 9, 600 29, 000
CLS ss arersavetevsie tien Scte: 29, 000 5, 200 24,000
Whitebait......... O00 || sdactetesace's 900
Crabs, hard 300 Q) 200
PIOUNGCISs ae sos Zee mssscaesmewaeemssecee 100 | sccscescesss 100
1 Less than $100.
Flounders were the most important species taken
with fyke and hoop nets, the value of the catch
amounting to $56,000 and constituting 66 per cent of
the entire value of the catch taken with this form of
apparatus. Detailed statistics as to the value of the
fyke and hoop net catch, by species, are as follows:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH FYKE AND
HOOP NETs: 1908.
CLASS OF FISHERIES AND SPECIES. , Atlantic coast district.
Aggre- Lake
gate. Long All Ontario.
Total. || Island | other
Sound. | waters.
Total sc cceetsid canescens $86,000 |/$73,000 | $24,000 |$49, 000 $13, 000
Vessel fisheries. ..........--.------ 19,000 || 19,000 100 | 19,000 ||..........
PIOUNG CHS )s2.eawetaste nsictecat cre 19,000 |) 19,000 ||........ 1.90005 || aseizicrecue ernie
All other products..........-.. 100 100 100 (Cane | eee
13, 000
a, 6, 200
2,200
2,000
600
100
oe 2, 200
1 Less than $100.
202
The entire catch with dip nets was reported by the
shore and boat fisheries. Statistics as to the value
of the catch, by species, are given in the following tabu-
lar statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCT TAKEN WITH DIP NETS: 1908.
Atlantic coast district.
SPECIES. ae
Aggre- a8:
gate Long | All _ || Ontario.
Total. |} Island | other
Sound. | waters.
si LXo) i) eee ere eet cerns eerearaeee $9,300 |) $9,300 $300 | $9,000 $100
Carp, German 4,400 4,400 |]......-- 4,400 |]....-...--
Crabs, soft........-.-. 1, 400 5400 4) Aeron ve FOO Nace cress sissy 35
Crabs, hard......----- 1,100 1,100 (©) 1,000 |Jecccus see
Suckers.s.2002scs<0x22s 900 900 |acaars xs 900 100
All Othe? secs so0cces53 oc aceeeesee ce 1, 500 1, 500 200 | 1,300 |/....-.-..-
1 Less than $100.
Principal species—Table 9, on page 209, gives the
quantity and value of the principal fishery products
for 1908 in comparison with the figures for former
years for which returns are available. The five leading
species, ranked according to value in the respective
years, were as follows:
1908 1898-99 1890 1880
Oysters. Oysters. Oysters. Oysters.
Squeteague. Menhaden. Clams. Menhaden.
Clams. Bluefish. Menhaden. Clams.
Bluefish. Clams. Bluefish. Shad.
Flounders. Sturgeon. Shad. Squeteague.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
for Connecticut, and less than half of that for either
Maryland or Virginia, the average price per bushel re-
ceived by the fishermen was considerably higher. Sta-
tistics of oysters taken from New York beds by Con-
necticut fishermen are given on page 93. The tabular
statement at the foot of this page shows for 1908 the
distribution of the quantity and the value of market
and seed oysters taken from public and private areas
of the state according to the waters from which such
products were taken. Of the total yield, 95 per cent,
with a value equal to 98 per cent of the total value,
was taken from private areas.
Statistics of the oyster catch of New York are avail-
able for nine different years between 1880 and 1908.
The following tabular statement gives the amount and
value of the yield and the average price per bushel for
such years:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
VALUE.
YEAR.
Quantity
(bushels). Average
Amount. per
bushel
2,463,000 || $2,553,000 $1.04
3, 329, Of 3, 780, 000 1.14
2,313,000 |) 1,973,000 0.85
2,062,000 || 1,985,000 0.96
2,127,000 || 2,050,000 0.96
2,611,000 |) 2,749, 000 1.05
2,351,000 || 2,458, 000 1.05
2,090,000 |) 2,133,000 1.02
1,043,000 |) 1,577,000 1.51
Oysters and clams appear among the five leading
species for each of the four years; menhaden and blue-
fish for three of the years; squeteague and shad for two
years; and flounders and sturgeon for one year each.
Oysters —In 1904 New York ranked first among the
states in the value of its oyster product, but in 1908 it
held second place, Connecticut ranking first. Although
the yield was less than two-thirds the quantity reported
The average catch for the nine years was 2,265,000
bushels, the average value $2,362,000, and the average
value per bushel $1.04. As compared with these aver-
ages the report for 1908 shows increases of 198,000
bushels in quantity and $191,000 in value, but no
change in the average value per bushel. Detailed
statistics for the oyster product for 1908 are given in
the following tabular statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908.
Total. Long Island Sound. All other waters.
KIND AND SOURCE: Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Per Per Per Per Per Per
cent cent cent cent cent cent
Bushels. dis- Amount. dis- Bushels. | dis- |Amount.| dis- | Bushels.| dis- | Amount. | dis-
tribu- tribu- tribu- tribu- tribu- tribu-
tion. tion. tion. tion. tion. tion.
TO BAI fora pa cee vce pater ere rceche acne arinetavetsal teins 2,463, 000 100 |} $2,553,000 | 100 |} 770,000 100 | $643,000 100 |1, 693,000 100 |$1, 910, 000 100
From private areas..............--+-+--- 2,352, 000 95 | 2,490,000 98 || 745,000 97 | 631,000 98 |1,607, 000 95 | 1,859, 000 97
From public areas.............----+----- 111,000 5 63, 000 2 25,000 3 12, 000 2 87,000 5 51,000
Market oysters.....-..--..222-0ee cece cece eee e eee 1,849, 000 75 | 2,173,000 85 |} 342,000 44 | 375,000 58 1, 508, 000 89 | 1,798,000 94
From private sreag..ccccvevavascess vee steerer’ 1,828, 000 74 | 2,155,000 84 || 341,000 44 | 374,000 58 |1, 487,000 88 | 1,780,000 93
Brom public areasine. seciceiisisaeui vs cade mae ta 22,000 1 18,000 1 500 (1) 500 (1) 21,000 1 17, 001 L
BeOd OV Stersiassn+ eujzgencmeeevaeaseenes paste sets od 614, 000 25 381, 000 15 |} 429,000 56 | 268,000 42 | 186,000 iL 112,000 6
From private areas.............2-22-0+-22----5- 524,000 21 336, 000 13 404, 000 52 | 257,000 40 | 120,000 7 79, 000 4
Prom PUBIC ALeASiive mac 2s oesiceeciains a sieimeninicie de 89, 000 4 45,000 2 24,000 3 11,000 2 66, 000 4 34,000 2
1 Less than 1 per cent.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Clams.—In the yield of hard clams there was a de-
crease from 1904 to 1908 of nearly 27 per cent. Soft
clams, which are used principally in the cod fisheries
for bait, decreased 11 per cent in quantity between
1904 and 1908.
Scallops.—The yield of scallops in 1908 amounted to
81,000 gallons, valued at $98,000, which represents
a decrease of 31,000 gallons in quantity and $48,000 in
value, compared with the yield of 1904. The state of
New York was second in rank with respect to the
value of the scallop product in 1908, the yields in
Massachusetts, New York, and Maine contributing,
respectively, 38, 31, and 80 per cent of the value of the
product of the entire country. The industry in New
York is carried on principally at the eastern end of
Long Island.
Bluefish—The bluefish product was taken chiefly
with lines in the vessel fisheries. Compared with 1904
there was a decrease in quantity from 11,414,000 to
3,191,000 pounds, and a decrease in value from
$557,000 to $291,000.
Butterfish_—There was an increase of 112 per cent :
in quantity, and an increase of 129 per cent in value
in the yield of butterfish for the period from 1904 to
1908.
German carp.—This fish, for which there is an in-»
creasing demand, was taken chiefly with seines in the
Hudson River. The apparatus to be used in taking
German carp in this river and the season in which the
fish may be taken are under the control of the State
Forest, Fish, and Game Commission. Larger quanti-
ties of German carp were caught in 1908 than ever
before, the yield of 406,000 pounds, valued at $31,000,
representing an increase over that in 1903-4 of 115,000
pounds in quantity and $14,000 in value.
203
Cod.—The catch of cod in 1908 was 2,999,000
pounds, valued at $99,000, an increase over that for
1904 of 156 per cent in quantity and of 87 per cent in
value.
Flounders——The flounder catch shows an increase
in 1908 compared with 1904 of 154 per cent in weight
and 110 per cent in value. A product of 4,629,000
pounds, valued at $141,000, was taken in 1908, prin-
cipally in nets.
Menhaden.—The principal uses of the menhaden
are for oil and fertilizer, but a few are sold for food.
This fish is taken chiefly with seines in the Atlantic
Ocean fisheries. Although it continues to lead all
others in quantity, there was a large decrease in the
catch, that in 1908 being 12,762,000 pounds, or only
about one-seventeenth of that for 1904. The value of
this small catch in 1908 was $22,000, or less than one-
thirtieth of the value for 1904, $694,000.
Pike perches.—Under this term are included blue pike,
saugers, and wall-eyed pike. The greater part of the
product was taken in Lake Erie with gill nets, and the
yield of 2,001,000 pounds, valued at $68,000, in 1908,
shows an increase over that for 1903 of 905,000 pounds
in quantity and of $22,000 in value. The value of
blue pike constituted 95 per cent of the total value of
pike perch caught in 1908.
Squeteague.—The squeteague taken in 1908 had more
than double the value of that caught in 1904. In
1908 the value of this species formed more than one-
fourth of the value of all fish proper reported for the
state. It was surpassed in quantity only by men-
haden. The catch was about evenly divided between
the shore and boat fisheries, where this fish is taken
chiefly in pound and trap nets, and the vessel fisheries,
where seines are the principal apparatus used.
204 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 1.—NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. :
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
eee Lines. Pa a ee Seines. Gill nets. Pyke and hoop | 47 other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quanti Quantity Quanti Quantity Quantit;
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (p mee Value. (pounds). Value. aman | Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total ccccsscine 76, 485,000 {$4,594,000 |/7, 752,000 |$442, 000 |11,006, 000 |$417,000 }18,178, 000 |$327,000 |7, 412,000 |$246, 000 |2,951, 000 |%86, 000 |29, 186,000 |$3, 077,000
Fish:
Albacore, or horse
mackerel 10,000 10,000 400 500 Cy) apes ia cheall Sains sotis| Zenon ata | SENeReRS [aaa athe
Alewives-.. 654, 000 187,000 2, 800 318, 000 2,400 | 108,000 1,600 37, 000 200 4,300
Black bass. . 38, 000 400 C2 Nisderocesd cctiskstecel| eigieydaaceconsts (3) 2 (8) (A). Wdissecehaas
Bluefish... . ----| 8,191,000 134,000 | 10,000 91,000 6,900 | 293,000 | 28,000 |..........]-.------|--eee eee eee
BONGO m o.nie dicininin asin 102, 000 21,000 1,300 6, 800 S00) | wiemstaneeilisesaciete| easmten so2l actus dosleieeens wee
Butterfish.......... 1,229,000 ...| 1,218,000 | 64,000 5, 400 300 45800. B00! |ezncace vaclisa wwseculeceesaneses
ae : oe |, 000 < 4,700 100 271,000 | 23,000 35, 000 72,000
a an
heads. 247,000 20, 000 59, 000 6,000 10,000 1,100 20, 000 1,300 25, 000 3,200
2,999, 000 99,000 |/2,925,000 | 96,000 51,000 1,900 2,000 100 19, 000 2, 500 100
7,500 200" cinemas lemsciesaesllswh <3 ¥ siden |S ekSSSaws 7,500 200! aressseia Se ainys [sie ee eRe ale Bese Gieweis| Suk Sheer eases vee ek eeMeen
42,000 (G00 epee mente] re ees 42,000 GOO 4 aiciore Saeed ciaidieeercn eeouese oy Bt I Sislaistésete ait [erelsoasiecyoeare
736,000 57, 000 9, 800 600 30, 000 2,400 48, 000 2,800 2,000 100 59,000 | 4,100] | 588,000 47,000
4,629, 000 141,000 133, 000 4,100 | 1,687,000 | 65,000 121,000 4, 200 50, 000 1,900 {2,383,000 | 56,000 276, 000 9,700
424,000 12,000 424, 000
39, 000 1,000 39,000
2, 044, 000 51,000 (3)
34,000 4,900 4 Boa
400
106, 000 6,600 || 16,000
Mackerel, chub..... 58, 000 2,900 |b: serneccwe
Menhaden.......... 12, 762, 000 22000: [lence cdace hee a ded 2,012,000 | 3,400 | 9,600,000 | 17,000 |1, 150, 000
Muskallunge. . ais, 19, 000 1, 200 19, 000 20 te necro arudlls cts ersecs beesimyecsrae oellerastieeats 100
Perch, white....... 90, 000 By C00 Was orergccye dl eo ee cee 3, 500 400 31,000 3,200 41,000
Perch, yellow...... 144; 000 5, 400 1,100] @ 9, 300 400 3, 200 200 | 89,000
Pike and pickerel... 90, 000 9, 600 65, 000 7,700 10,000 700 100 () 3,100
Pike perch (blue
pike).........--.- 1,904,000 59, 000 23,000 2,300 30, 000 1, 300 Waweuecuiite] es oheese 1, 851, 000
ie perch fare Se - 40, 000 2.000: |l|leis sia wrne ctellomieteociren| Meoeeaseeiealeserrencs sesame sees cea 40, 000
e perch (wall-
eed pike)... 2.ses 56, 000 7,000 52, 000 2,000 200) || orcs cee lkaseseees 300
Pollack.....2....... 133, 000 3,500 || 67,000 50,000 | 1,200 |.-..22.2 22 2|oe ole 16, 000
Scup, or porgy ..-.- 1, 294,000 45,000 6, 200 52, 000 2,400 | 1,235,000 | 42,000 200
Sea BB rie cose 728, ae 14, 000
ea robin.........-. 3,
had... =| 360,000 323,000
Skates. 2 168, 000 800
SMECI bs set cose eaters 4,000 2, 600
Spanish mackerel... 500
SP0biss ccemessaxt ne 109, 000 39, 000
Squeteague, or
weakfish.....-... 11, 151,000 451,000 28, 000 1,100 | 4,319,000 | 218,000 | 5,850,000 | 199,000 | 955,000
Striped bass........ 45, 000 7,600 2,100 300 15, 000 2,600 20, 000 3, 500
Sturgeon...-...-... 105, 000
Caviar... oe 8,1
Suckers. 276, 000
sh... ay on
Swordfish - 6
Ten a0
‘omecod..
Trout, brook. . 18, 000
Trout, lake. 20,000
Whitebait. 199, 000
Whitefish . 179, 000
Whiting. - ante 268, 000
All other. .......... 50, 000
Crabs, hard....-.--..-. 580, 000
Crabs, soft... - wits 22, 000
Crabs, king. . 56, 000
Crabs, spider. . 8 7, 200
ae eeeee bar Pa 416, 000
imp....-- 7) , 500
Clams, hard. 4 809,000 | 223, 000 409,000 | 223, 000
Clams, soft. . --| 5656, 000 54,000 5 656,000 |
Mosse “fra175;000 | "s'200 eee) gee
ussels..... ----| 8,175, y 7 8,175, 000 8, 200
Oysters, market, fro:
public areas...-...... 8 151,000 485,000 |l|aeweeewere faameeeee’ eee eee oar. |ucmbenine| mac. aaaccu| basic ced Sal bemeentnes leeemesaielsasenanca|clcaalvad 8 151,000 18, 000
Oysters, market, from
private areas......... 912,795;000 | 2,165,000). =... -2)-|-censcnre|oseiereeces| icone ene: [tee eavewcns/aceecsans[oceeeceass|caenueacleassescaealennceee: 12,795,000 | 2, 155, 000
Oysters, seed, from
public areas...-...... 10 628, 000 45,000) || -warccceneleccaccecl oes atececn ce] aamscntisahsnenaeliecen [amsiccaealey mieayayasbre | Eda ate ela Meat cei isl cues heheictel 10 628, 000 45,000
Oysters, seed, from
private areas. ........ 133;670;,000:) 2336;,000' If aiecaicies asl) sarmaatesavle| sdvivicietcicine tow canal logoummemmen|sceqeeacal emsaccen|eeaed onal datosadeerdasseced 43,670,000 | 336,000
12 650, 000 95 OOD? If sessment smgereic i2seerc casera Sheicioeepise Shen bela eee ea Ss kag eae feaave ava | ye axtetovcke ell evcha tatasmeetcaane I heps ww crapere reese Se wore ae ores 12 650. 000
189, 000 8,100 ||... 187,000 | 8,000 ....) 2,000 100 ae _
200 a 200 (2) vee:
13 100 2) |isseasmercnpicctascccbesswemans oc
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 27,749,000,pounds, valued at $2,954,000; eel and lobster pots, 915,000 pounds, valued at $95,000; beam
trawls, 268,000 ae valued at $9,400; dip nets, 144,000 pounds, valued at $9,300; harpoons, spears, ete., 108,000 pounds, valued at $8,800; and minor apparatus, 400
ounds, valued at $100.
Pow Less than $100. 6 66,000 bushels. 8 22,000 bushels. 11 §24,000 bushels.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 6 21,000 bushels. ® 1,828,000 bushels. 2 81,600 gallons.
4 101,000 bushels. 7 818,000 bushels. 10 90,000 bushels. 13 200 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Taste 2,—NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS OK ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT, EXCLUSIVE OF LONG ISLAND SOUND:
1908.
205
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
e
SPECIES. Lines. eer trap Seines. Gill nets. Fy Peer AJl other apparatus.!
. |
Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantit i
: y Quantit
(pounds).| Value jtpounde), Value. | Sounds) V@lue- | pounds).| V@!4* | (pounds). V#! | pounds).| V@!4e-| hounds). | Value-
|
Total.............. 57,718, 000 |83, 282, 000 |'7, 322, 000 |$391, 000 {5, 198, 000 |$204, 000 |18, 073,000 |$321, 000 |2, 905, 000 |$107, 000 |1,892, 000 |$49, 000 |22, 323, 000 $2, 209, 000
bast
sea o horse
mackerel.......... 10,000 400 B00)| 22)... | eeaeesecs|sewsearen sgas soll ea | aeaeecaceelweaaemians
Alewives.... -| 551,000 1,100] 316,000} 2,400) 108,000] 1,600} 17,000 100 4,300 100
Bani sh... -| 3,106, 000 245,000 | 65,000} 4,700 90,000} 6,900] 280,000} 27,000 |..........)..2.-22-).2222 2222 fee eee
onito...... 88, 000 4, 600 0} 3,500} 12,000 7 300
Butterfish... 2.222... 264, 000 16,000 || ssccccoescloaeeeesce 257,000 | 15,000
Carp, German... 336, 000 31
Catfish and : sil | eetascecre] acoacenues bnacecateel saunas
; 111,000 6, 900 1,100 100 500 100 20,000 | 1,300) 25,000] 1,800] 61,000] 3,500 3, 200 200
-] 2: 943, 00 97, 000 2,879,000 | 94,000} 40,000) 1,600 2,000 "100 19,000 | 900 |..... ipa hes vee] 23500 100
O00, || 2200) |] tic taewiel gi awateaeall rete en teen Maines tebe OD: [sel reverts) i case celle dex Sedeuteceae|esbeawacar
614, 000 48, 000 9,500 600 | 19,000} 1,900 48,000 | 2,800 400} (2) 26,000 | 2,200) 511,000 40, 000
2,724, 000 73,000 |} 98,000} 3,300] 693,000 | 23,000] 117,000] 4,000] 44,000 1,586,000 | 33,000 | 186,000 7,000
-|11, 540; 000
424” 000 12} 000
28, 000
5, 300
Sturgeon..--.......- 20,000
Caviar. 1,000
108, 000
, 800
20, 000
77,000
199, 000
135, 000
7,400
575, 000
22,000
332, 000
,
Clams, hard 4583, 000
Clams, soft...... 5 318, 000
Clams, surf...... -| & 160,000
Mussels.................. 78,175,000
Oysters, market, from
public areas.........-- 8 147,000
Oysters, market, from
private areas....-.---. 910,408,000 | 1, 780, 000
Oysters, seed, from pub-
ic areaS..........+.... 10 458, 000 34, 000
Oysters, seed, from pri-
vate areas 11 840, 000 79,000
Scallops.....-...-..- 127, 200 1,40
SQUiG -acaisisnccrewnis cies 48, 000 1,900
Skins, muskrat (3) (2)
,
16,000 | 2,700 6,700
4583, 000
5 318, 000
"-| 6 1603000
“178,175,000
§ 147,000
910,408,000
aS eceyeeeed Sell shee ence 10 458, 000
seeesaeeaalsecskies 11 840,000
127, 200
17,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 21,146,000 pounds, valued at $2,108,000; eel and lobster pots, 776,000 pounds, valued at $78,000; dip nets,
140,090 pounds, valued at $9,000; harpoons, spears, etc., 92,000 pounds, valued at $7,500; beam trawls, 178,000 pounds, valued at $6,700; and minor apparatus, 400 pounds,
valued at $100.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
473,000 bushels.
5 32,000 bushels.
6 20,000 bushels.
7 818,000 bushels.
8 21,000 bushels.
9 1,487,000 bushels.
10 66,000 bushels.
11 120,000 bushels.
12 900 gallons.
-
206 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TasLe 8.—NEW YORK-(FISHERY PRODUCTS OF «LONG ISLAND SOUND: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
merce d All othi
Pound and trap | Fyke and hoop ‘ . + other appa-
SPECIES. nets. © nets. Lines. Gill nets. Seines. ratus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total... ..cra¢eecnssecse< 13, 761,000 |$1, 109,000 |15,673,000 |$205,000 | 840,000 |$24,000 | 111,000 | $5,700 | 224,000 | $3,500 52,000 | $2,800 |6, 862,000 |$867,000
Fish:
Alewives........-.-----+-- 103,000 1,700 81,000 1,700 20,000
Bluefish 85,000 6, 900 69,000 5 SOO! Mi iz, cecscsasasei
Bonito.........--.-- 14,000 900 8, 900 G00! fc seicieicrcies
Butterfish 965, 000 49,000 961,000 | 49,000 |.......--
COGiaie: siesteisicicemecmiesa 56, 000 1,800 11,000 | 400 ].....-...-.
HelSneeusceumevirncsce ices 77,000 6,600 300
1,906, 000 68, 000 993,000
23,000 3,200 23,000
e 55,000 2,800 45,000
Mackerel, thimble-eyed.-.. 30,000 1,800 30,000
Menhaden... 1, 222,000 2,600 |/1,057, 000
Pollack.....-. , 000 7 19.000
Scup, or porg 35,000 1,500 34,000
Sea bass ..... 50,000 4,200 23,000
Shaw seuvaasexateiven aie ns 2,500 30 2,500
63,000 1,500 62,000: |} T5800 |ascwawescie| eas ee ere
60,000 1,000 605000! | 1000 Iamsvesscec|aaeseace| macmaeserellervecen|eriecemens!
Squeteague, or wea 1, 727,000 79,000 ||1,674,000 | 77,000 |...-....--]..-.----
Striped bass.........-...-- 14,000 2,300 95500 | 2500 |e cccccicccnleccceees| WOO] @) |seseeccscc
Sturgeon....-.-.-....--6-- 5,600 600 BHOOO!'|) © 5G00 "| cre acd cisisiyelleibis qoisate | ase ie el tee ee adie cients
TAOS ssscccmendioncad ssa 61,000 2,400 37,000
Tomceod -. 20,000 1,000 4,600
Whiting. . 133,000 2,100 133,000
All other sc. sccceseccwede cs 122,000 1,200 118,000
Oysters, market, from public le
ATCA a3 .255 2. inie,tisiayecincie ie Scie 43,700 600) |] seeuneu Seellgs veseda| Seecesnevaloendiesallcageaawee eeaceeia ors exmmawc|es eames | sanieeactasil| oasis 43,700 500
Oysters, market, from private
AECOS joa. 8ceie, chelsea sis eon en 5 2,387,000 STA, O00! Ill a eicre ciate evsallwiecs Sierocians | Sausesinn einen Cm wine see eeeates [Semmens Lacseanees sasaeed| come meee ween: 52,387,000 | 374,000
Oysters, seed, from public
ATCOS ees sazcacoweseseeeeccen 6 170,000 AL, 000: sccm te atcalled aeamasesceveeie cians tees hive sialllajarsye:sschacene a [:spoceceps aisis | aie jalajaibiciayain| siateieieieseie | anisieseasiaveysie | Seieteremsane ®170,000 | 11,000
Oysters, seed, from private
ATODS gion ogee seis cicicindiemoes 7 2,830, 000 257000! | lecsisc acces exaenaas| see mamseeiellaacsessaliaeetemnes|exmamsneleapaeeeacie|actausanfeceteecnaseceeeee 72,830,000 | 257,000
Clams; Hard/en.vceawss emesediens 8 226,00 TT O00 heseraigyecssiasare) Sate ereeicte| clannceis areaciallaie ssiciaicte 8 226,000 | 77,000
Clams, soft.. 9 338, 000 29,000 29,000
Clams, surf. . 10 6, 500 509 500
DODStEP <aac2 sec heicinceenceness 92.000 12,000 11,000
Scallopsencestscccuenctessetae, 11 643,000 97,000 97,000
Crabs, ha 5, 400 100 (2)
Squid... 141, 000 6, 200
AMOCHOL s oxc.2.c. cersrsicicss sictaca erate. 63, 000 10 63,000
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 6,603,000 pounds, valued at $846,000; eel and lobster pots
trawls, 90,000 pounds, valued at $2,700; harpoons, spears, etc., 17,000 pounds, valued at $1,300; and minor apparatus, 3,000 pounds, valued at $300.
149,000 pounds,
valued at $17,000; beam
2 Less than $100. 4500 bushels. 6 24,000 bushels. 8 28,000 bushels. 10 800 bushels.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 5 341,000 bushels. 7 404,000 bushels. 9 34,000 bushels. 1 80,000 gallons.
Taste 4.-NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
‘epnetine: Lines. Pound and trap nets. Gill nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtAl jasisc tanecetiniee te aie ahuseenmeeeotee ce Dede 4,188, 000 $130, 000 53, 000 $5, 700 51,000 $2, 800 4,084, 000 $121, 000
SBTAC Ba S Sie crocs eis SEE ea cen Ai Ape 1, 800 100 1,800 TOO! 22s hace cette (aewee reece ec’ 1 (2)
Carp, German irecc. 2c csnisinnacscskan sone. 16,000 B00! vcaceieie.cicennieyainye | Aentrors seis 2, 500 100 13,000 200
Catfish and bullheads 14,000 800 13,000 700 200 (?) 400 (2)
Wake Herrin. tcc cthuctogcarr Sooke 2,009, 000 49,000 (2) 7,600 200 2,001, 000 49,000
Lake trouteses22eceuse eeaccane ss i5 segaeost nee arene esters 6, B00! | [ea seicaiss octane: Joanie cecieu|oea seteae mere ds lexmemeeaerice 6, 200 300
POrCh, VENOW oon ccs sido ccncivane cy conan ey ateeeenee ee reeeees 83, 000 2,900 1,100 (2) 1,800 100 80,000 2, 800
Pike and pickerel..............2------ 1,700 TOO). erce vrsnenrersints iis ioe aid ace tie costs | ani oesicene 1,700 100
Pike perch (blue pike).. 1,805, 000 54,000 23, 000 2,300 12,000 600 1,770, 000 51,000
Pike perch (sauger)........... 40,000 HOOD | eessetsisteccceiztala|lafaiats occa tonne ma eatnal| aammee esesn 40, 0 000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 2,800 300 1,000 100 1,500 200 (2)
Stimrpeoncqiezeunsadeapresas eevee eoiieines Recuticectnde ae eines 42,000 6, 600 12,000 2,000 4,200 600 25,000 4,000
Caviar... 2,400 2,400 500 500 300 300 1,700 1,700
Suckers. . 40,000 45 100" We Anieiecckiererctoxa|tounnazaiwss 19,000 700 21,000 400
Whitefish. 123, 000 9,800 | ecco cc oumecms jsiveesmewiae fies feu nc oe ee sere 123,000 9,800
PIP OUN Csi dcaciacne ictatsyatsizars aaknereieisnsis's seme eceaned KeBisantal , 10 100 Q) (2) 1,900 100 200 (2)
1 Less than 100 pounds.
2 Less than $100.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 207
Taste 5.—NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ONTARIO: 1908.)
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Epune ane trap Seines. Gill nets. ae ue hoop Dip nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity |
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
DOUA usa. cjeiceisecsctesn viameayaioe sec chats 823,000 |$74,000 || 266,000 [339,000 84,000 | $4,300 54,000 | $2, 700 | 199,000 |$14,000 | 219,000 13,000 | a $100
Black bass..... 36,000 | 5,000 || 36,000
Carp, German......-22.2.0.22.2.0.2. 4,700 200) fecisexccneee
we $h ane bullheads................ 122,000 | 12,000 45,000
Hach i canine doy Seospole Sigeeyeapo 44,000 | 2,500 00
ee OPTI ois sate hcate ied Seiaeaisione 35.000 | 1,700 |j..........
Muskallunge.........-....2..2.2.002- 19,000 | 1,200 19, 000
Perchy YeNOW sence si cicjcinis ois s aicmicisine's 35,090 | 1,100 |!.....2.2..
Pike and pickerel...........2.2...... 87,000 | 9,400 65, 000
Pike perc ean pike)........ -| 100,000 | 5,000 ||..........
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)... -| 54,000! 6,700 51,000
Sturgeon aed Symes te era ete Tah cia So 37,000 | 5,800 27,000
Caviar 4,700 | 3,800 4,500
Suckers. 128,000 | 5,400 |)..........
§ s! 24,000 600 fleescce eens
Trout, brook 18,000 | 6,300 18, 000
Trout, lake... 14,000: | 1,100 |liseeecccas
Whitefish... 56,000 | 5,400 ||..........
AMOth er -.c)ccccctensoasdesceceead seed 3,400 LOO: || scrisuieise
1 All taken in the shore and boat fisheries. ? Less than $100.
TaBLE 6.—NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY DISTRICTS: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT. GREAT LAKES DISTRICT.
AGGREGATE,
SPECIES. Total. Long Island Sound.| All other waters. Total. Lake Erie. Lake Ontario.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value; (pounds). Values (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total. ccc. sescees xe 76, 485, 000) $4, 594, 000 71, 474, 000/$4, 390, 000),13, 761, 000)$1, 109, 000/57, 713, 000 $3, 282,000)! 5,011, 000/$203,000)| 4,188, 000/$130,000} 823,000) $74,000
ISH, «2 stercieteeecte Seas © 47, 504, 000]1, 566, 0000/42, 493, 000) 1,362,000)! 6,856,000, 244,000/35, 638,000} 1,119, 000)| 5,011,000) 203,000)} 4,188,000} 130,000} 823,000) 74,000
11,151,000) 451, 000//11,151,000} 451,000)! 1,727,000} 79,000] 9,424,000] 372,000
3,191,000 291,000) 3,191,000} 291,000 85, 000) 6,900} 3,106,000) 284,000)...
4,629,000) 141,000); 4,629,000) 141,000)! 1,906, 000 68,000) 2,724, 000) 73,000)}.. . -
2,999, 000 99,000 2,999, 000) 99,000 56, 000) 1,800) 2,943, 000 97, 000
2,001, 000) 685000) fi accscxcvercients llats'cicisisiate’eall oemicwinaitnnai|seieiseseens | ancidcinereyeie heaneeemiong cies
1, 229, 000 64,000} 1, 229,000 64, 000 965, 000 49,000} 264,000 16, 000)
736,000 57,000 691, 000 55,000 77,000 6,600) 614,000 48, 000)
2,044, 000) 1000 || onc occu aleesemserietl lees srnes|vees aocts epee ows asewee cen
1, 294, 000 45,000]} 1, 294,000) 45,000 35, 000 1,500} 1, 259, 000 43,000)
723, 000 35,000 723,000 35,000 50, 000) 4,200) 672,000 31, 000)
406,000] 31,000]) 386,000] 31, 000|..........|...2....-. 386,000] 31,000
360,000] 27,000/) 360,000} 27,000, 2, 500 300] 358,000] 27,000
atcrenan and caviar.. 113,000] 23,000] ~—_-27, 000) 4,400 5, 600 600] 21,000 3,800
Menhaden...........- 12,762,000} 22, 000|/12,762,000! 22,000] 1,222,000 2, 600/11, 540,000} 20,000
Catfish and builheads.| ~’ 247,000} 20, 000|| "111, 000 6, 00) keeaeenees ss .-| 111,000 6,900] 136, 000)
Whitefish.......-..--- 179,000} 15, 000/).......... l|- 179,000] 15,000]| 123,000; 9,800} 56,000 5,400
Haddock.............| 424,000] 12,000) 424,000 eecuatnccialseasmcsens|! S24 s000["° 12, O00 sec ee gt oeeaemias creel | seecanes aoe ne seeaeel omerece ae l SeccsiSes
Suckers........... = 251,000, 12, 000/108, 000 143,000} 5, 800 15,000 400, 128,000, 5,400
Pike and pickerel - 90, 000 9, 600 800 89,000] 9,600 1,700 100} 87,000, 9,400
Perch, white... 90, 000 8,700] — 90,000
Striped bass. . 45,000) 7,600|} 45,000
Alewives..... -....| 654,000 7, 100|} 654,000
Mackerel.......... :.| 106,000 6,600] 106, 000
Trout, brook_........- 18, 000) 6; 300). .ccsesecrs
Whitebait..........-. 199, 000) 5,700} 199,000
Bonito.............--- 102, 000 5,400|] 102,000
Perch, yellow......--- 144, 000) 5.400 26, 000)
Black bass.......-.---- 38,000 5,100 (?)
Kingfish 34, 000 4,900|} 34,000 20
iti 268, 000 3,700|| 268,000 133, 000 2,100) 135,000}
133, 000 3,500|| 133,000 3,500| 27,000 700) 105,000
81,000 3,100] — 81,000 3, 100 20, 000}
58, 000 2,900|| 58,000 2,900 28, 000}
109, 000 2,600|} — 109,000 2,600 49, 000)
97, 000) 2'300]/ 97,000 2,300 77, 000}
195, 000)
Trout, Jake cujeccccnws 20, 000 1, 400
Muskallunge serene 19,000 1, 200)
All other...........-- 290, 000} 6, 200 238, 000 4, 800) 3, OG
satGjeininoocaye 2,553, 000). <.cca-eex| 2,558,000]. 220002005 643, 000).........-| 1,910,000
312,946, 000] 2,173, 000)|12, 946,000) 2,173,000 2,391,000} 375, 000;10, 555,000; 1,798,000]...
4 4,298, 000} 381, 000)| 4,298,000] 381,000) 3,000,000) 268,909) 1,299,000} 112, me niga
.| 5 1,632,000] 292,000/] 1,632,000) 292,000 571,000) 106,005} 1,061,000) 186,000
€ 650,000 98,000] 650,000| 98,000) 643,000) 97, 000 7,200 1,460
423'000| 57,000) 423/000, 57,000|| 92,000, 12,000] 332.0001 45.609 |.2..
602,000] 9,700 602,000, 9, 700 5,400 100,597,000, 9,000)--.-2.2.-oseseee. Seaeronens teeeeinn humaine a Winks
175, 000) 8,200] 8,175, 000 8, 200||.....-----|-+---2-2-- 8,175, 000) By OD has fatersss choglt ina cysiccansie [sere Seaaegdin)| Sassen | asaeseaes hotell eae eeeyares
139° 000 8’i00|| 1897000] 8, 100} 141,000|' “6,300,” 48! 000 13900. |
65, 000 700] 65, 000 Zool} 68,000, 100 1, 600) 600
1 Less than $100. 3 1,849,000 bushels. 5 204,000 bushels.
2 Less than 100 pounds. 4 614,000 bushels. 6 81,000 gallons.
208 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 7.—NEW YORK—PRODUCTS, BY CLASS OF FISHERIES: 1908.
TOTAL. VESSEL FISHERIES. SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES,
SPECIES. Q Goantit
Quantity uantit juan
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
DO bal stas neanutasws Keer ede tance saeuemenciad eeteexece mean seme eer aeeas eee 76, 485, 000 $4, 594, 000 41,697,000 $2, 860, 000 34, 788, 000 $1,734,000
Fish:
Albacore, or horse tiicketel .... nis cnnnecancactcrensabecscucepusseeteeeacacoens 10,000 400 500 @) 10, 000 400
Alewives 654, 000 7,000 |]....... see ocd beehetesaeenis 654, 000 7,000
Black bass. 38, 000 5,100 |]... 38, 000 5, 100
BIWeh Shi: can sacauesenatasaca saneetaanamaaccaancaeseewenacosec nm taaaeen cece 3, 191, 000 291,000 2,918, 000 268, 000 273, 000 22, 000
Bonito........... 102, 000 5, 400 11,000 700 90, 000 4, 800
Butterfish....... 1, 229, 000 64, 000 6, 400 400 1, 222, 000 64, 000
Carp, German..... 406, 000 31, 000 1,100 200 405, 000 31,000
Catfish and bullheads 247,000 20, 000 1,800 200 245, 000 20, 000
2, 999, 000 99, 000 1, 592, 000 59, 000 1, 407, 000 39,000
7,500 200 7,500 2001 ewer cm aiecnl sajeineownamee
42,000 600! | | scedtececicmoisice|pesteeeinetiere 42, 000 600
736, 000 57,000 140, 000 11, 000 596, 000 46,000
4, 629, 000 141, 000 1, 221, 000 30, 000 3, 408, 000 111, 000
424,000 12,000 34, 000 1,300 390, 000 11,000
39,000 T5000) hese welsnesracisinel oorsermeemincine ty 39,000 1,000
34,000 4,900 200 @) 34,000 4,900
2,044, 000 51,000 1, 064, 000 25, 000 979, 000 26, 000
24, 000 400 2,100 Q) 22, 000
Mackerel : 106, 000 6, 600 26, 000 2,000 80, 000 4,600
Mackerel, thimble-eyed. 58, 000 D900. tile Sok eencewre ectacllocmieWeyaameals see 58, 000 2,900
Menhaden 12, 762, 000 22, 000 10, 440, 000 18, 000 2, 822, 000 4,000
Muskallunge. 19, 000 L200} ||neseewryniniresltcpmetijsmeencrl 19, 000 1,200
PErChy: WIC: 55566 cles bat ootcend bees bantu au achaee eae SS eee secu 90, 000 8, 700 100 (@) 90, 000 8,700
Perch, ‘VelOW case ccencisisaen cages nescaests 144,000 5, 400 57,000 1,800 87,000 3, 600
Pike and pickerel................2..2....--- 90, 000 9, 600 800 100 89, 000 9, 600
Pike perch (blue pike)...........2..-...-.+-- 1, 904, 000 59, 000 1, 356, 000 38, 000 548, 000 21,000
Pike perch (sauger)........... 40, 000 2,000 12, 000 500 28, 000 1,500
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 56, 000 FOOD: [he cvsretecnnerararacees Si tacavarey taialaveyss e's ini 56, 000 7,000
Pollack: 2 ¢o:eceusuewns Semee ction: Seeckemieaioeks SoA OGROEE Beta aoe secenn 133, 000 3, 500 2, 500 100 130, 000 3, 500
Scup, or porgy 1, 294, 000 45, 000 1, 238, 000 42,000 55, 000 2,600
Sea bass..... 723, 000 35, 000 455, 000 16, 000 268, 000 19, 000
Sea robin... 53, 000 500 1, 000 Q) 52, 000 500
Shad 360, 000 27000 || igamsaerensma| phosnencaiscedl 360, 000 27,000
Skates 2 168, 000 9100 Il axcsicncnisaanwicelareeeesene nace 168, 000 2,100
Smelt.......... ae 4,000 GOO i | fs racceceezeisieiacss[aaremeiem aeyeeiel 4,000 900
Spanish mackerel... 500 100 100 @) 400 100
Spot. 109, 000 2, 600 33, 000 1,300 76, 000 1, 400
Squeteague, or weakfish = 11,151, 000 451, 000 6, 382, 000 216, 000 4,769, 000 235, 000
METIPEC DOSS seta eeiscarssawtateoheeae ciclo tessteiatomcn ss eels chteicrten ciaueaenenisis Suerat ean tte 45, 000 7,600 1,200 300 44, 000 7,300
Sturgeon 105, 000 15, 000 100 (1) 105, 000 15, 000
Caviar... 8,100 MBO: lt 2c. c3se ad eee anieel| ecaiciessiowe SS 8,100 7, 500
Suckers. . 276, 000 13, 000 5, 300 (a) 271, 000 13, 000
Sunfish. . 15000) = GOON eccasaaeeecas| em cedeiceniced 31, 000
DB WOLd HSB csieds soseis cianiassyciciciina Sie ShancShepaisie'eidotia aiaie Siariaians eislane emesis Seitemecae baw 3, 600 200 3,600 DOD: | srerarerrerdNevaccenids lace Stearns aoe Sa
OG a ins totic ecodenibastoeecn Deion Hae kee GAUGE Aenea Vs aaa Tae nade 81, 000 3, 100 1,300 (@) 80, 000 3, 000
Tomcod... 97,000 2,300 1,600 100 95, 000 2, 200
Trout, brook 18, 000 6; 300 || seca eaweramned [sais cieigslewesens 18, 000 6,300
Trout, lake... 20, 000 1, 400 6, 100 300 14, 000 1,100
WWD DO DAG ore carassccrns x chasis areerciany Sraisicinateeasicints sieiets opeere ciscaiedle Stoeretinsiel seer auton sion 199, 000 5, 700 2,100 200 197, 000 5, 500
179, 000 15, 000 99, 000 7,700 81, 000 7, 500
268, 000 3, 700 300 () 268, 000 3, 700
50, 000 300 2,100 100 48, 000 200
Crabs) Warden cesses acide necemcisindccaisied egy tan Se en yateg tae SIR ee AS 580, 000 7,400 57,000 1,100 523, 000 6, 300
Crabs, soft... 22,000 22,000 2,
Crabs, kin, ae 56, 000 56, 000 1
Crabs, spider 7, 200 7, 200 (4)
DO DSU GR dg cwsscsiactersctrisine aise ancisiae aie Shalealdalgaa's sisiatsiebaieaie gle ainaisitcteieye sibel ees yew 423, 000 296, 000 40, 000
Shrimp. ... 1, 500 1, 500 600
Clams, hard. 2809, 000 568, 000 153, 000
Clams, soft... : 3656, 000 638, 000 53, 000
Clams; ‘SUPh ateme cuisk vemenenends suc sceuoins 2 ekicuien sant ouseceiawees seslagsenies ceeees 4167, 000 14, 000 117,000 9, 600 49, 000 4,700
NTATSS 1S 2h ti cote nee Se setae 28S ue et geacaes TAO aes AN ee aire een ee 8,175, 000 8, 200 50, 000 1,600 8, 125, 000 6, 600
Oysters, market. -| 12,946, 000 2,173, 000 9, 516, 000 1, 594, 000 3, 430, 000 579, 000
Oysters, seed... -| 84,298, 000 381, 000 4,013, 000 , 000 6, 22, 000
Scallops..... 2 7650, 000 98, 000 430, 000 64, 000 220, 000 35, 000
Squid... a 189, 000 BOO! Hiss cavisns .eaccraallSeeesecenets aces 189, 000 8, 100
Turtles...... 3 200 1) haha Scans 2 (aid call lspegevalsce upaiianacaed 200 1
Siting) muskrat. cccscctnsbewee ence ecmemt ot ee eeeaint eye xedeens ser ncineceasemee as 8100 Ws LIME sig Sracheserateeescel | eaiodelinmemceas 100 3
1 Less than $100. 3 66,000 bushels. 6 1,849,000 bushels. 7 81,000 gallons.
2 101,000 bushels, 4 21,000 bushels. 6 614,000 bushels. 8 200 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 209
Taste 8.—NEW YORK—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES, BY DISTRICTS: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT.
AGGREGATE, LAKE ERIE.
SPECIES. Total. Long Island Sound. All other waters.
Quantity Quantit: Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (bounds). | Ve. | Sounds). Value. ( (pounds). Value.
Total cowie esck nes cscs dese eect 41,697,000 | $2, 860,000 39,097,000 | $2, 787, 000 5,349,000 | $585,000 } 33, 747,000 | $2, 201, 000 2,601,000 | $73,000
Se gigitistcsncat Siéwennsneosens ah ae oe 742, 009 24, 528, 000 669, 000 176, 000 im ee 24, 351, 000 662, 000 2, 601, 000 73, 000
seeeeee 2, 918, 000 268, 000 4, 400 5 2,914.
Bouetenene.. 6,382,000 | 216, 000 6,382,000] 216,000 3,800 200 | 6,378,000
Doe nena 1, 592, 000 59, 000 1, 592, 000 59, 000 40, 000 1, 300 1, 552, 000
Sau or 1, 238, 000 42, 000 1, 238, 000 42,900 200 Q) 1, 238, 000
Pike perce. 1,368, 000 BB 000M ois ce ncancec avert bareredasarsieraie| [eit acecsashess eke venek |ateteorewenan
Ploun ders: p cecemcesasecivesds veces 1, 221, 000 30, 000 1, 221, 000 30, 000 93, 000 2, 800 1, 128, 000
Dake herring eis.2 2:52 scsciencisicinde 1, 064, 000 D5: OOO! |Niecacees cis, caseste seine eins createed ata Ra eratertaetyapseaie eae lewlvayeteredns [aeaieremvencnew wens
eer 10, 440, 006 18, 000 10, 440, 000 TG Mov antucenssanlkasenndree 10, 440, 000
Sea basse ok: ssccuee vaintae ee 55, 000 16, 000 455, 000 16, 000 13, 000 1,100 442, 000
BOIS 2.2721. ache adaiaGaasecnnumecs 140, 000 11, 000 140, 000 11, 000 6, 600 600 133, 000
Whitefish 252i eieslisty sence 99, 000 TTA QOS es eerste oto otra al Ice ane cel cna heya’ aaa ee shad
Mackerel... 222.2202... cscs eee 26, 000 2,000 26, 000 2,000 10, 000 300 16, 000
Perch, yellow.. 57,000 TEBOO" [Ws Sccisusse sc ellosdisd Sarniateaial eid ddieaizmncell exewemaae lexeaeame 2ootes
Haddock. ... 34, 000 1,300 34, 000 TD No mmnuniddaadls dereaanay 34, 000
Obes sn 33, 000 1, 300 33, 000 A900) [nde ice estes hegeasen 33, 000
Alot eres octets c.etine gesensisenaiss 59, 000 3,000 47,000 2, 600 4,400} , 200 43, 000
Oysters, market.................. 29,516,000 | 1,594,000 9,516,000 | 1,594,000 1,683,000 | 232,000 7, 833, 000
Oysters, seed 34,013, 000 358, 000 4,013, 000 000 2,979,000 | 267,000 1, 033, 000
Clams suc meate cackciseee to necmaeee 4376, 000 82,000 376, 000 82, 000 70,000 | 15,000 307, 000
Scallop Secon seas. vaya ew neiues 5 430, 000 64, 000 430, 000 64, 000 425,000 | 63,000 4,800
Lobster... 127,000 18, 000 127, 000 18, 000 15, 000 1,900 112,000
Mussels... . -- 50,000 1, 600 50, 009 TnG00! Wiccuce eee |oaamees 50,000
Crabs, hard. 57, 000 1,100 57, 000 DOO! |e coosece ocasishsoicns eaesarseee se 57, 000
1 Less than $100. 21,359,000 busheis.
3 573,000 bushels.
4 47,000 bushels.
5 54,000 bushels.
Taste 9.—NEW YORK—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908, 1898-99, 1890, AND 1880.
1908 1898-99 1890 1880
SPECIES. Caan ih oul euenttae
uantity uantity uantity : anti
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MG Gall = iznsts.cleseciastas aemidinne Sa acne emneceeene Became Eee 76,485,000 | $4,594,000 || 218, 458,000 | $3,787,000 || 200,559,000 | $4,859,000 || 333,523,000 | $4,381,000
Wishiscecies seeyeewaewereeeeeese 47,504,000 | 1,566,000 |) 194,630,000 | 1,436,000 || 161,726,000 | 1,576,000 || 318,257,000 2,212, 000
Bluefish... 3,191, 000 291,000 11, 214, 000 387, 000 5, 740, 000 250, 000 3, 000, 000 68, 000
Butterfish . 1, 229, 000 64, 000 471,000 15, 000 424,000
Carp, German..........%.--------+-2+-fee eee eee ee 406, 000 31, 000 297, 000 12. OOOH | ayer cateasteetete:
Catfish and puliheads. cgidecuare eye aebtcacietae 247, 000 20, 000 757, 000 29, 060 865, 000
CO Greesenctteeratsrasade Seabees Hate siadiclacaGom anaes Te sees 2,999, 000 99, 000 2,040, 000 69, 000 1, 939, 000
Wel Seenitelee tees Sere as he ted Seeoaeee Dee aia t Dias 736, 000 57, 000 521, 000 34, 000 1, 937, 000
Flounders -| 4,629, 000 141, 000 877, 000 28, 000 1,576, C00
Herring.... 2,046, 000 51, 000 3, 408, G00 47, 000 2, 406, 000
12, 762, 000 22, 000 163, 280, 0CO 405, 000 128, 736, 000
2,001, 000 68, 000 1,039, 000 43,000 826, 000
1, 294, 000 45, 000 645, 000 14, 000 369, 000 WOOO a. sncdnsetoeles aeetada nee
723,000 35, 000 311, 000 14, 000 751, 000 AVS 000 |laekceaesauecrd-li ae kay Sembee
360, 000 27,000 1, 829, 000 63, 000 3,777, 000 190, 000 2,734, 000. 137,000
11, 151, 000 451, 000 2,077,000 54, 000 2,990, 000 117,000 4,000, 000 120, 000
113,000 23, 000 1, 225, 000 105, c00 2,291,000 84,000 , 000 8,600
3,617, 000 140; 000 4, 638, 000 117, 000 7,110, 000 175, 000 15, 868, 000 697, 000
117,244,000 | 2,553,000 214,436,000 | 1,985,000 316,456,000 | 2,458, 000 47,303,000 1, 577,000
6 1,632, 000 292, 000 6 2,321, 000 267,000 7 5,782, 000 11,000 8 6, 203, 000 518, 000
2650, 000 98, 000 10 653, 000 53, 000 11 596, 000 FA OOO: [Piers excess cfein acsesall oceencicies sities
423, 000 57,000 332, 000 30, 000 150, 000 15, 000 135, 000 5,100
‘All other.......... . 9, 031, 000 27,000 6, 085, 000 16, 000 15, 838, 000 28,000 1, 625, 000 69, 000
1 els. 41,043,000 bushels. 7 723,000 bushels. 10 82,000 gallons.
sy ie, oO Leet 6 204, 000 bushels. #775,000 bushels. 74,000 gallons.
3 2, 351,000 bushels.
76786°—11. 14
8 290, 000 bushels.
981,000 gallons.
210 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 10.—NEW YORK—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES, BY DISTRICTS: 1908.
ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT. GREAT LAKES DISTRICT.
AGGREGATE.
SPECIES. Total. Hone lene All other waters. Total. Lake Erie. Lake Ontario.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity | x;
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
34,788, 000 [$1,734,000 |/32, 377,000 |$1, 604,000 ||8, 412, 000 |$523, 000 |23, 965,000 |$1, 080, 000 |/2, 410, 000 |$130, 000 |/1, 588,000 |$57,000 | 823,000 |$74,000
20, 376, 000 824, 000 |/17, 966, 000 694, 000 |/6, 679,000 | 237,000 |11, 287,000 457,000 |/2, 410,000 | 130,000 |/1, 588,000 | 57,000 | 823,000 | 74,000
4,769, 000 235,000 || 4,769,000 235,000 |/1,723,000 | 79,000 | 3,045,000 155, 000
3, 408, 000 111,000 |} 3, 408, 000 111,000 |/1,812,000 | 65,000 | 1,596,000 45,000
1, 222, 000 64, 000 || 1, 222, 000 64, 000 965,000 | 49,000 , 000 15,000
596, 000 46,000 551, 000 43,000 70,000 6, 000 481,000 37,000
1, 407,000 39,000 |) 1,407,000 39, 000 15,000 600 | 1,392, 000 39, 000
405,000 31,000 385, 000 80}000. || sesvvccieea| soce uncer 385, 000 30,000 20,000 500 16, 000 300 4,700 200
633, 000 0000: || aeeeccnens Leauenvceee| lis peecens| seckeae oeleceexiteess esse secu 633,006 | 30,000 |} 480,u0C | 18,000 | 153,000 | 12,000
360, 000 27,000 360, 000 27,000 2,500 300 358, 000
Herring, lake..... 979, 000 20 /000).| Saiasareimse nee soe sect heakecessaic| Setcineeal | Semmemaaregs
Sturgeon and cav-
LAD iaiwieontccwes 113, 000 23, 000 27,000 4,400 5,600 600 21,000
Bluefish..........- 273,000 22,000 273,000 22,000 81, 000 6, 500 193, 000
Catfish and bull-
Heads en weneraw ad 245,000 20, 000 109, 000 Gs 200: | a ccietsiecsctecos|ioeeiee nee 109, 000
Sea bass........... 268, 000 19, 000 268,000 19, 000 37,000 3,100 231, 000
Suckers........... 251, 000 12,000 108, 000 6; 100: le cceccncad eacecess ve 108, 000
Haddock.......... 390, 000 11,000 390, 000 11,000 ||. : scceeecelesescesey 390, 000
Pike and pickerel.. 89,000 9,600 800 NOOS | | Seeindestan megaman 800
Perch, white....-. 90, 000 8,700 90, 000 8, 700 100 (1) 90, 000
Whitefish ........ 81,000 OUO! I lecakane Staged Savdememnsl |seeeedseen Sewer cedelh en dace eume
Striped bass......- 44,000 7,300 44, 000 7,300 14,000 2,300 30, 000
Alewives........-.- 654, 000 7,100 654, 000 7,100 103, 000 1,700 551, 000
Trout, brook...... 18, 000 G; BOOM acwiss ste clsishdfn weteeinheomsne:t|| tieniemlestis p/aeisee eanalastssieemcins
Whitebait ........ 197,000 5,500 197,000 D5 D00! || s sisson of iteneine cesecs 197,000
Black bass... .__. 38) 000 5,100 2 \ ioaiag | Peer Ae ierernet (2)
ingfish.......-.- 34, 000 4,900 34, 000 4,900 23, 000 3, 200 11,000
Bonito. .....-.-.-- 91, 000 4,800 91, 000 4,800 14,000 900 76, 000
Mackerel.......... 80, 000 4,600 80,000 4,600 45,000 2,500 35,000
Menhaden. 2,322,000 4,000 || 2,322,000 4,000 ||1, 222, 000 2,600 | 1,100,000
Whiting... 268, 000 3,700 268, 000 3, 700 133, 000 2,100 135, 000
Perch, yellow 87, 000 3, 600 26, 000 D400! | lesen focces ee cllaeeec cai 26, 000
Pollack. ......-..- 130, 000 3,500 130, 000 3,500 27,000 700 103, 000
Tautog.. vs s2s2s+ 80, 000 3, 000 80, 000 3, 000 61, 000 2,400 19, 000
Mackerel, thimble-
OVE wns sos cccees 58, 000 2,900 58, 000 2,900 30, 000 1, 800 28,000
Scup, or porgy..-... 55, 000 2,600 55, 000 2,600 bi 1,500 21,000
Tomeod........-.- 95, 000 2,200 95, 000 2,200 18, 000 900 77,000
RACES 52 -ccs shu ceoiel 168, 000 2,100 168, 000 2,100 63, 000 1, 500 105, 000
epee iistarsins Se eR ever 76,000 1,400 76, 000 1,400 60, 000 1,000 15, 000
uskallunge...... 19,000 L200; tots oeremarerae'lecnaar anciseelll| oracyen lon eel feGapomeicd| soeearameeete
Trout, lake........ 14,000 Li LOO! liek ars see eee | eit arnt Saree ll teem aee Sate len eee inte e dase
All other........- 268, 000 5,600 221,000 4,300 119, 000 1,000 102, 000
OYSt6IS cciess tere ece|moneneneaes 601,000 ||........... 601,000 |j.........- 145 000). | oe seetios 85
Market. .......-.-- 33,430, 000 579,000 || 3,430, 000 579, 000 708,000 | 143,000 | 2,722,000
Deed vcs. eo accseies 4 286, 000 22,000 286, 000 22,000 21,000 1,300 265, 000
(6) 12) ee een eS 51,256, 000 210,000 |} 1,256,000 210, 000 501,000 | 91,000 755,000
Lobster...-.......---- 296, 000 40, 000 296, 000 40, 000 76,000 | 10,000 220, 000
Scallops. .........----- 6 220, 000 35, 000 220, 000 35, 000 217,000 | 34,000 2,500
Graber an eaaciorcceeme 545, 000 ;, 600 545, 000 8,600 5, 400 100 540, 000
Squid nicsccc5 sonaccese 189, 000 8, 100 189, 000 8,100 |} 141,000 6, 200 48,000
Mussels. .........----- 8, 125, 000 6,600 || 8,125,000 6.600) ees ss zeclleamee cen R, 125, 000
Al OthC? c2::5 cs2524084 65, 000 700 65, 000 700 63, 000 100 1,600
1 Less than $100.
2 Less than 100 pounds.
3490,000 bushels.
441,000 bushels.
6 157,000 bushels.
6 27,000 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Among the states in which commercial fishing was
pursued in 1908, North Carolina ranked eleventh in
the value of fishery products. The chief fishing
grounds of the state were Albemarle, Pamlico, and
Core Sounds, and their tributary rivers. Among the
important rivers were the Cape Fear, New, Roanoke,
Shallotte, Newport, North, and Neuse. Many smaller
sounds and rivers also contributed to the fishery prod-
uct of the state.
The following tabular statement gives a general
summary of the statistics of the North Carolina fish-
eries in 1908:
Number of persons employed. ............2........-.. 9, 681
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ............... $533, 000
Apparatus of capture.............0.002.0000.0.00-0- 367, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............ 370, 000
Value of proditcts es <c05202e.c¢ceee ce esacsnenaeenee 1, 776, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—In prior can-
vasses of the fisheries of North Carolina, the United
States Bureau of Fisheries enumerated among the
shoresmen employees of the canning and packing indus-
tries allied to the fishing industry. These are, how-
ever, excluded in the following tabular statement,
which shows the general statistics of the fishing indus-
try for certain years:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
nye Vessel
ployed, essels
FEAR. exclusive and Appara- Quantit
ofshores-|| Total. boats, tus of (pounds Value.
men. including | capture. P :
outfit
9,637 || $901,000 || $533,000 | $367,000 101, 422,000 |$1, 776, 000
11,592 |/1, 157, 000 583,000 | 574,000 67,585,000 | 1,740,000
10, 120 765, 000 354,000 | 411,000 64, 234,000 | 1,316,000
7,478 634, 000 288,000 | 346,000 51,799,000 | 1,028,000
4,729 388, 000 162,000 | 225,000 32, 249, 000 846, 000
An increase in the number of persons employed was
shown at each canvass up to and including that of
1902, and this was accompanied by increases in all the
other items given in the above statement. From 1902
to 1908, however, there was a decline in the number
of persons employed and a corresponding decrease in
the value of both classes of equipment. The vessels
engaged in fishing and transporting show a decrease
of $79,000 in value since 1902. Products, on the other
hand, continued to increase in both quantity and
value.
The following tabular statement distributes, by
class of fisheries, the number of persons employed in
the years for which canvasses have been made from
1880 to 1908:
211
PERSONS EMPLOYED, EXCLUSIVE OF
SHORESMEN.
oe Ont In sh
n traps- shore
Total. Sap porting and boat
7 vessels. fisheries.
9, 637 639 427 8,571
11,592 1,100 433 10,059
10,120 455 202 463
7,478 251 175 7,052
7,180 233 110 6, 837
6, 603 150 138 6,315
6, 243 172 140 5,931
G5 T20" || x ne ccrceescs sl erers carreata sot [leew a.s Seeeietesa
Persons employed.—The distribution of the persons
employed is given in the following tabular statement:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
CLASS.
Sala-
Pro- tied | Wage- Sala-
Total. prie- em. earn- || Total. Ties Wages.
tors. | ploy- | ers. .
ees.
Totaliwccsssexce 9,681 |} 1 4,803 3 | 4,875 ||/$546, 000 |/$1,800 |2 $544,000
Vessel fisheries....... 639 58 2 579 81,000 || 1,800 79,000
Transporting vessels. . 427 fe eee? 314 48,000 |j....--. 48,000
Shore and boat fish-
OTIC S 5 2:sh22 aan ziais aitecesoit 8,571 4,632 1 | 3,938 |} 410,000 (3) 410, 000
Shoresmen..........- BA Nicer li ree eyerad, 44 6,900 ||....... 6,900
1 Exclusive of 214 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $34,000.
3 Less than $100.
The vessel fisheries gave employment in 1908 to only
a small percentage of the total number of persons re-
ported. The shore and boat fisheries are credited with
8,571 persons, or 89 per cent of the total number,
while only 1,066, or 11 per cent, were engaged in the
vessel fisheries and on the transporting vessels. Only
44 shoresmen were reported. By far the larger num-
ber of persons réported for vessel fisheries and trans-
porting vessels were wage-earners. For the shore and
boat fisheries of North Carolina a larger proportion of
wage-earners and a smaller proportion of independent
fishermen were reported than for the same class of fish-
eries in other states.
Many of the persons employed in the industry fished
only a part of the year, and during the remainder of
the time engaged in farming and other occupations.
Equipment and other capital.—The next tabular state-
ment gives the distribution, by class of investment,
of the total capital employed in the fisheries of North
Carolina.
The total investment in 1908 in fishing and trans-
porting vessels and their outfits was $282,000, which
was greater than the investment in boats by $30,000.
The value of vessels and apparatus of capture pertain-
ing to vessel fisheries was only $308,000, or one-half
212
as much as the value of the apparatus of capture and
boats used in the shore and boat fisheries, which
amounted to $593,000.
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT
Value. Number. | Tonnage.
Total sosctasace terete seeeemmsnamiseeeeeieie $1,270; 000 | accsccecun-| sccsee netics
282,000 299
FSbing aes ernaiesaciesexccie
Steam and motor ......
Vessels ..-.-.-+-+--
Transporting ........-.....
Steam and motor ......
Vessels i.c.ccicccice.
Boats: sce sens
Steam and motor.
Dall 2cccscimnaeae ne
ig Othe? wiecso2cscexs
paratus of capture -
. Vessel fisheries .......-.
Shore and boat fisheries ...
puore and accessory property ..
as.
The investment in apparatus of capture in the shore
and boat fisheries was nearly thirteen times as great as
that in the vessel fisheries. The importance of this
item is shown by the fact that in 1902 it represented
28 per cent and in 1908, 27 per cent of the total invest-
ment in the fisheries of the state. The decrease from
1902 to 1908 in the value of the investment in apparatus
of capture, which was from $574,000 to $367,000, is
chargeable entirely to the shore and boat fisheries, for
the value of the apparatus of capture used in the vessel
fisheries increased more than $5,000.
The numbers of the principal kinds of apparatus of
capture employed, all of which, except 16 gill nets, 10
eel pots, 41 seines, and 12 traps, were used in shore and
boat fisheries, were as follows:
Bow nets. ....-..--.---- 338 | Pound nets. .-.......-..- 3, 997
Cdst nets < asececeeess be BAC Seine: oxen ceeseu eves ese 1, 538
Crab nete:csveyse. es e354 628 | Shrimp nets...........- 45
Dip ietes ce cece cee ince s 40 | Stop nets.........2....-- 4
Fyke nets... -.......... 416 | Mink, muskrat, and otter
Gill nets..............- 42, 225 TAPS auecaeendsete -. 582
Harpoons, spears, etc .... 64 | Turtle nets............. 149
Pots; Cela. ccucsuevnsoees 4,289 | Wheels and slides. ...... 25
Products, by species.—The fishery products of the
state, distributed by species and by apparatus of cap-
ture, are shown in Table 1, on page 215.
The product of the North Carolina fisheries included
more than 40 species of fish, besides frogs, crabs,
shrimp, terrapin, turtles, clams, and oysters; the skins
of mink, muskrats, and otter; whalebone and whale
oil; and the hides and oil of porpoises.
Of the important products, shad, oysters, mullet,
and clams showed large decreases in 1908 in both quan-
tity and value. Almost the entire increase in the total
quantity of products is accounted for by the unprece-
+ of the total value.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
dented size of the menhaden catch. Although this
amounted to 40,000,000 pounds more than in 1902, it
caused an increase in value of only $40,000. While
the catches of some of the other species increased in
both quantity and value, the increase in the total value
for the state was due chiefly to the general increase in
the price per pound received for fishery products.
In the following tabular statement the quantity and
value reported for some of the important products are
given for 1902 and 1908:
FISHERY PRODUCTS.
SPRGIRS, 1908 1902
Quantity ‘|| Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
3,942,000 | $373,000 || 6,567,000 | $385,000
5,690,000 | 236,000 || 7,160,000 268, 000
4,635,000 | 206,000 || 3,781,000 156, 000
5,070,000 | 175,000 |) 6,705,000 188, 000
10,928,000 | 140,000 |; 11,173,000 116, 000
726,000 82,000 1,175, 000 87,000
57, 412, 000 70,000 || 18,862,000 31,000
The total weight of the 1908 product was 101,422,000
pounds and its total value $1,776,000. The 40 species
of fish reported contributed 94,133,000 pounds, valued
at $1,406,000, or 94 per cent of the weight and 79 per
cent of the value. Shad constituted the most valuable
product and oysters ranked second, the value of the
former being $373,000, or 21 per cent of the total value
reported, and that of the latter $236,000, or 13 per cent
Three species of fish—squeteague,
mullet, and, alewives—for which values of $206,000,
$175,000, and $140,000, respectively, were reported,
ranked next in importance. For no other product was
a value as great as $100,000 reported; but clams worth
$82,000 were taken, and crabs and 16 species of fish
each added from $10,000 to $70,000 to the total value
of the product.
Products, by class of fisheries.—The products of the
shore and boat fisheries and of the vessel fisheries are
given in detail, by species and apparatus of capture, in
Tables 2 and 3, on pages 216 and 217, respectively.
The next tabular statement distributes, by species,
arranged in the order of value, the total value of
products for the state as a whole and for each class of
fisheries.
The catch of the shore and boat fisheries aggregated
45,556,000 pounds, or 44 per cent of the total weight,
and was valued at $1,613,000, or 91 per cent of the
total value of the fishery products of the state. Shad
contributed 22 per cent of the total value reported
for this class of fisheries, representing a larger per-
centage of the value than any other species. Sque-
teague, mullet, and oysters each furnished more than
10 per cent of the total value.
The catch of the vessel fisheries was 55,865,000
pounds, or 55 per cent of the total quantity for the
state; but its value was only $163,000, or 9 per cent
FISHERIES,
of the total value. The values of the menhaden and
oyster products each formed about 40 per cent of the
value reported for vessel fisheries. Next to these the
most valuable product was shad, which had a value of
$13,000, or 8 per cent of the value credited to this
class of fisheries.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES, .
Shore and
Total. age boat
€S- | fisheries.
DO ball se 1c senainonemieene eee ny sewage $1,776, 000 $163,000 | $1,613,000
MiISDvse essays pte ceui vg Suaueiae tae chadenrs 1, 406, 000 99,000 1,307, 000
BBS ciao eats snaaies 2b cocnewabANe eens 73, 000 13, 000 360, 000
Squeteague..... 206, 000 5, 200 201, 000
Mullet.......... 175, 000 1,400 173, 000
Alewives.... 140, 000 4,700 136, 000
Menhaden ........-.- 70, 000 66, 000 4, 200
IMCS os cranciadlin cape aeeee amen 45, 000 700 45,000
Perch, White. s<-s2c0x sesececss ee cacaewase 44,000 Q 44,000
Black bass... . 40, 000 8) 40, 000
Striped bass............ 36, 000 500 36, 000
Spanish mackerel....... 34, 000 1,300 33, 000
Croaker...............- 31,000 500 31,000
Butterfish...... paerieeaiss 29,000 |]........2..- 29,000
Kingfish, or whiting -...-...22.......... 28, 000 1,000 27,000
Hickory shad 2.sicc0.c..cicus0: Sorsenetmesac 20, 000 500 20, 000
Flounders.......- 16, 000 300 16, 000
Speteess.su5% serene eoae 16, 000 300 15, 000
Perch, yellow....--.... 14,000 : 14,000
igfish.........-.-....- 14, 000 a 14, 000
Sheepshead...........-. 12, 000 700 11,000
Cathish ...ceaseneteccetasetesconscseesene 11,000 1) 11,000
AMD OtO? 2.50%. c60 eens s te cies mee 52, 000 2,400 49,000
Oysters.....-- 236, 000 64, 000 172, 000
CUBIS taeacrrnenys. aie dlatateccis atoah.sotnd ein tome eA S $2; 000 | oss onace sen 82, 000
Cabs 2cesoai: saenntiesiruasdssuyeysees seeeees 34,000 || os e2eee0-= 34, 000
AMOUCR: sie: 5 adccees seeaiuns setioensah 2 ae 18, 000 Q) 18, 000
1 Less than $100.
The value of fish proper constituted 81 per cent of
the total value of the catch in the case of shore and
boat fisheries and 61 per cent in the case of vessel
fisheries. Two-thirds of the value of the fish taken in
the vessel fisheries represented the value of menhaden.
Products, by apparatus of capture-—The following
tabular statement shows the distribution by appa-
ratus of capture, arranged in the order of the value of
their catch, of the total value of products, for the
state as a whole and for each class of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shoreana
Tote, ||, yeee boat
; fisheries.
MO GE) sev. acinseiciocus sae eaceeks 22 $1,776,000 $163,000 | $1,613,000
SQiN 69.4 wisiciisanese seo bes Saee eee a eeeey 591,000 96,000 aoe poo
P ts, trap nets, and weirs...-...-.--. 391,000 |]....-----.-- if
Gime “"{] 376,000 700 375, 000
Dredges, tongs, etc 307,000 64,000 243,000
Crab nets 29,000 }]j.-.---.----- 29,000
Lines........ 21,000 2,500 18,000
Bow nets 16,000 |). -<-.2-- 22+: 16,000
All other 46,000 (1) 46,000
1 Less than $100.
The products caught by seines contributed a larger
part of the weight and value of the total fishery prod-
ucts than those taken by any other form of apparatus.
Their value constituted 33 per cent of the total value
of all products and their weight 70 per cent of the
total quantity. The chief species caught by seines
were mullet, squeteague, menhaden, black bass, ale-
wives, and shad. Slightly more than five-sixths of
BY STATES. 213
the value of the products taken by this form of appa-
ratus was secured from the shore and boat fisheries.
On the basis of the value of the product taken,
pound nets, trap nets, and weirs formed the next most
important class of fishing apparatus. Since 1880,
when only 117 pound nets were used, this kind of
apparatus has increased in importance, until in 1908,
3,997 pound nets, trap nets, and weirs were in use.
The value of the product obtained by pound nets, in-
cluding the comparatively small quantities taken by
trap nets and weirs, amounted to $391,000, or 22 per
cent of the value of all fishery products. These forms
of apparatus were used only in the shore and boat
fisheries and principally in the capture of shad and
alewives.
Gill nets ranked second in importance with respect
to the value of the product taken in 1902 and third
in 1908. They were of little consequence in the
vessel fisheries, but were extensively used in the shore
and boat fisheries for catching shad, squeteague,
mullet, bluefish, and numerous less important species.
Dredges, tongs, and rakes yielded a product valued at
$307,000, which consisted of clams, oysters, and crabs.
Crab nets, lines, and bow nets followed in rank accord-
ing to the value of product taken. The use of crab
nets and bow nets was confined to the shore and boat
fisheries, to which 88 per cent of the value of the catch
by lines is also credited. With. fyke nets various spe-
cies of fish, having a total value of $8,600, were taken
in the shore and boat fisheries.
Shad.—Shad has always been the chief product of
the fisheries of North Carolina, and in 1908 the total
catch was 3,942,000 pounds, valued at $373,000. This
catch, however, contributed only 4 per cent of the
total weight and 21 per cent of the total value of the
fishery products of the state. The quantity was 40
per cent less than in 1902, but the value was only 3
per cent less than in that year. In 1902 the state
ranked first in the shad catch, reporting 6,567,000
pounds, valued at $385,000; but in 1908 it was out-
ranked by Virginia, both in the quantity and the value
of shad taken. Of the total value of the catch of shad,
96 per cent was that of product obtained in the shore
and boat fisheries, principally by means of pound nets
and gill nets, though to some extent by seines and
other apparatus. The quantity caught in the vessel
fisheries, representing 4 per cent of the value, was
obtained entirely by the use of seine¢ and gill nets.
This fish was taken chiefly in Cape Fear River and its
tributaries, in Pamlico, Croatan, Roanoke, and Albe-
marle Sounds, and in the rivers tributary to these
sounds.
Oysters.—The oyster yield ranked second in value,
the total product in 1908 being 813,000 bushels,
valued at $236,000. This represents a decrease, as
compared with’ 1902, when 1,023,000 bushels were
obtained, having a value of $268,000. The average
price per bushel, however, increased from 26 cents in
1902 to 30 cents in 1908. Very little progress has been
214
The yield from private areas in 1908 was only 11,000
bushels, valued at $7,600. The following tabular
statement presents statistics in respect to the yield of
oysters in 1908:
OYSTER PRODUCT:
1908.
KIND AND SOURCE.
Quantity
(bushels). Value.
Total scsieis onicsicamumtsiaes esioacils was Mae cxmcecinees semen 813,000 | $236,000
Market ..jcccics cc vceecsnegs geveweyecedes sete twee eeean veccexe 754,000 227,000
Prom public areas: .. sas scewes sande os eveuewsue ss devise 744,000 220,000
ETOU! PTIVAtO ALCAS. voi. cuca eaieinis ghie ecineiaciginnes SeubSedminis 9,500 7,300
POCO oojo5i 0515's) rd. Gsiidee Se aaah srtsete ers ore eoraieustsl enae Hed eueearnaels 59, 000 8, 800
Hiromi publicareas ce sesccwecesesssnetecaces ses atetoceess 57,000 8,500
From private areas. ..22 000252200000 cee sa2 osacaseeccces 2,000 300
The total yield of seed oysters from public and pri-
vate areas in 1908 was only 59,000 bushels, valued at
$8,800, of which value $5,000 represents the value of
oysters taken in the vessel fisheries. The total yield
of oysters from public areas was 801,000 bushels,
valued at $228,000, or 99 per cent of the quantity
and 97 per cent of the value of the total yield for the
state. Oyster fishing was pursued mainly as a shore
and boat fishery, only 27 per cent of the total value
of the oyster product being obtained in the vessel
fisheries.
Squeteague.—The catch of squeteague, which ranked
third in importance in 1908 with respect to value,
increased from 3,781,000 pounds, valued at $156,000,
in 1902, to 4,635,000 pounds, valued at $206,000, in
1908. New York and New Jersey were the only states
which had a larger and more valuable catch of this fish
than North Carolina; Florida had a product slightly
larger, but of smaller value. Ninety-six per cent of
the total value reported for North Carolina was that of
product taken in the shore and boat fisheries; and in
this class of fisheries seines, pound nets, and gill nets
accounted for all except 4 per cent of the value. Prac-
tically all of the value of the catch (over 99 per cent)
was that of product sold fresh.
Mullet—Mullet ranked fourth in value among the
fishery products of North Carolina. The catch of this
state, together with the much larger catch of Florida,
represented 90 per cent of the value of the mullet
caught in thé United States. The quantity taken in
North Carolina in 1908, though smaller than that taken
in 1902, was greater than the catch in any previous
year. In 1908 the mullet product amounted to
5,070,000 pounds, valued at $175,000, and in 1902 to
6,705,000 pounds, valued at $188,000. Less than 1
per cent of the mullet catch of 1908 was reported by
the vessel fisheries. Seines and gin nets were used in
the capture of nearly the entire product. The fisher-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
made in the cultivation of oysters in North Carolina. |
men sold 54 per cent of the fish fresh and the remainder
salted. A little of the roe (800 pounds) was salted and
sold separately.
Alewives.—The total alewife product in 1908 was
10,928,000 pounds, valued at $140,000, and was the
smallest quantity recorded since 1880, when 15,520,000
pounds were taken. In 1902 the catch was 11,173,000
pounds, valued at $116,000, and in 1897 it was
15,790,000 pounds, valued at $127,000. Since 1897
this fish appears to have been less abundant. Like
shad, it was caught mostly in the fresh waters; and
97 per cent of the value of the catch was contributed
by the product of shore and boat fisheries. Of the
total value, 73 per cent represented the value of the
catch with pound nets and the remainder the value
of that with seines, gill nets, fyke nets, and miscella-
neous apparatus. Nearly two-thirds of the alewife
product was sold fresh; and with the exception of
a small quantity (1,200 pounds) which was smoked,
the balance was sold salted.
Menhaden.—Of the states showing a menhaden
catch, North Carolina ranked third in respect to quan-
tity of product and fourth in respect to value, and was
the most southern state in which this fish was taken in
any quantity. The catch of 1908—57,412,000 pounds,
valued at $70,000—was larger than that of any pre-
vious year, and showed an increase since 1902 of more
than 204 per cent in quantity and 125 per cent in
value. In 1902 the catch was 18,862,000 pounds,
valued at $31,000, which was at that time the largest
that had ever been taken in the state. This fish,
though representing but 4 per cent of the value of all
fishery products of the state, constituted 57 per cent
of the total quantity. The catch was obtained almost
wholly in the vessel fisheries, menhaden contributing
41 per cent of the total value and 96 per cent of the
total quantity reported for this class of fisheries. Of
the total value of the menhaden catch, only $4,200, or
6 per cent, was reported from the shore and boat
fisheries. The entire catch in the vessel fisheries was
secured by seines, but in the shore and boat fisheries,
though seines were the chief apparatus used, about
one-fourth of the catch was taken with gill nets and
pound nets.
Other products —Large increases since 1902 were
shown in the quantity and value of crabs, bluefish, and
Spanish mackerel. On the other hand, clams, black
bass, striped bass, croakers, and other minor species
each showed a decrease from the catch taken in 1902.
The quantity of white perch increased from 941,000
pounds in 1902 to 993,000 pounds in 1908, but the
price per pound decreased so that the total value was
only $44,000 in 1908, as compared with $63,000 in 1902.
This state ranked first in its catch of white perch,
which contributed 32 per cent of the value of all white
perch taken in the United States.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 215
TaBLE 1.—NORTH CAROLINA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
‘ Pound nets, trap A . All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. nets,and weirs. Gill nets. Lines. Fyke nets. Tatus.!
Quantit; Quantit i , | : ‘
Value. Quantit: Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds). alue (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). | Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value.
Mo tal ej .tae serctasrdrcers 101, 422,000 [$1,776,000 |/71,069,000 |$591,000 14,040,000 |$391,000 |7,733,000 |$376,000 | 574,000 ‘321,000 | 231,000 | $8,600 17,774,000 |s389, 000
Fish:
Alewives 10,928, 000. 140,000 || 2,491,000 | 34,000 | 8,085,000 | 102,000} 164,000
Black bass. -| 511,000 | 40,000 |} "455,000 | 35,000 | ” 26000 | 2,200] 87100
Ronit ett nae 555,000 | 20,000 83,000 7B 601,000
avs 2900 | 200 He secs theva sme aes 9,500
Butterfish... -| 1,302,000 29,000 98,000 | “3,100'] 1,084,000 | 24,000 | 120000
Semmes cc] BGS] | eee] sam) op
Croaker.....2.........| 1,177,000 | 317000 |] 6267000 12,000
Dogfish, or bowfin.....| 71017000 1) 400 53, 000 ”600
Drum, salt-water...... 343,000 7,200 213,000 4,600
BOIS acne eiwinisie Sisiatsraesinndss 258,000 5,600 2,500 100
Flounders. . es 403 , 000 16,000 256,000 | 10,000
pec en eae) | |
\ ni 00
Kingfish, or whiting:-:| 817,000 | 28,000 |) 2937000 | 9,600
oe ee -| 57,412,000 70,000 1/56, 465,000 | 69,000
or spadefish) __ : 53,000 1,300 2,900 100
Mee og gad | OS) MOR |. gs | as
Perch, white_.......... 993, 000 44,000 452,000 | 19,000
Perch, yellow.........- 360,000 14,000 227,000 9,600
Pigfish....... ete 476, 000 14,000 315,000 8,600
Pike.. a 69,000 3,100 51,000 2,300
Pinfish 373,000 4,300 203,000 2,300
Pompano.. 11,000 700 4,200 300
Sailor’s choice.........- 39,000 1,300 34,000 1,700
Sea bass__..- 2a 3,200 1,100 2,
Shad... s.0c.% 373,000 401,000 | 34,000
Sheepshead... aac 12,000 219,000 | 10,000 11,000 500 17,000 700 1, 400 100! |e sesceancic|eawcs cee! 100 (2)
Skates_......-2....2-.- £00" |e seers ell dence 6,000 LOO 4 eels ds Gaede Ceram cmets pera ronan oned | Scemetied [accent sdeece
Smapper..............- OU || | aiaiiceseercveis. cers ltevetcia demi dtats eergpnyiey eal hanaee ae siete lhe abet emt ati erate re 13,000 BOO ss atecnaea ateie| dtaleyyerntecd lwiepeisd ot Fo0| stemmed
Spanish mackerel__.... 34,000 103,000 8, 400 143,000 8,500 | 208,000 |} 17,000 2,300 200 800 100 200 (2)
BPOt co ciceuss vs ais 16,000 584,000 | 10,000 34,000 600 | 218,000 4,500 16,000 500 200 () 400 (*)
See Sa * A 206,000 |) 2,425,000 | 115,000 873,000 | 32,000 |1,090,000 |} 51,000 | 229,000) 7,900 6,000 300 12,000 500
rawberry bass an
crappie .............. 24,000 1,000 6,800 300 5,500 200 1, 400 100 2,600 100 7,700 300 200 (?)
aoe DASE occas 510 700 36,000 177,000 | 12,000 Seas 15,000 38,000 re 6,200 500 2,400 200 71 ie 5, i
urgeon... or 52, 00
Suckers... 63, 000
Sunfish. . bee 165,000
All other_.............. 7,200
TORS at sctaeusedeapeescers 5, 400
Crabs, soft... — 277, 000
Crabs, hard__ 113, 000
Shri 371,000
7,700
23,000 700 9,800 BOOM sa/eoacaotet etna sees FOO SA) ~ eae gzee asl Saaeicces ye eensescdle Smaced 13,000 400
4726, 000 S200 cies Se eyed lect SAL NAA esr (the fran as Wien Nya) ned sath inn, SAAR Ae | Rane Deon ne AAS Le cgkaeae 4726,000 | 82,000
6 5,209, 000 220,000 55,209,000 | 220,000
Oysters, market, from pri-
vate areas.......-......-- 6 66,000 7,300 6 66,000 7,300
Oysters, seed, from public
BIB AS ve rors eos abans Waaceeatiae 7 401,000 $500: | ossaccns |eewex esd eens semccssleaces ede sleewes cae delieseesaasllentmeevans| aceon cleat ecee meee 7 401,000 8,500
Oysters, seed, from private
ATOAS 22 cccisiae naman eae 8 14,000 BOL: camara > dbiewnd Riu aka deta acess amesado- Shae Rea anata eaeaes quae gubcn dames 814,000 300
Whalebone.....-...--.---- 200
Skins, mink ...__ $100
Skins, muskrat. . “ 10 500
Skins, otter._...... 2 (8)
Porpoise hides. . ... 48, 000
Porpoise oil_....... e 21,000
Whale oil__........-...---- 117,500
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5,907,000 pounds, valued at $307,000; crab nets, 245,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; bow nets, 263.000
pounds, valued at $16,000; shrimp nets, 328,000 pounds,valued at $7,700; pots, 243,000 pounds, valued at $5,100; harpoons, spears, eic., 51,000 pounds, valued at $2,800; cast,
nets, 46,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; wheels and slides, 123,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; dip nets, 14,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 600
pounds, valued at $1,400; turtle nets, 14,000 pounds, valued at $400; stop nets, 9,400 pounds, valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 530,000 pounds, valued at $14,000.
2 Less than $100. 491,000 bushels. 6 9,500 bushels. 8 2,000 bushels. 10 1,300 skins.
8 Less than 100 pounds. 6 744,000 bushels, 7 67,000 bushels, 9 200 skins, 411,000 gallons.
216 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 2.—NORTH CAROLINA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL, z
: ound nets, trap . : f ‘ All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. nets, and weirs. Gill nets. Lines. Fyke nets. satagae
Quantit: Quantit: Quantit Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantit:
(pounds). | Value. |! Gounds).| Value. | Gounds).| Vue: |pounds). Value. |Sounds).| Value. (pounds). Value. |(Sounds).| Value.
4 Ko) 2) eee 45, 556, 000 |$1, 613, 000 |/16, 612,000 |$495, 000 |14, 040,000 |$391, 000 /7, 719,000 |$375,000 | 519,000 |$18,000 | 231,000 | $8,600 |6, 436,000 |$325.000
Fish:
ae gto cds f° 7,257,000 83,000 |] 1,347,000 | 19,000 | 5,587,000 | 61,000 | 146,000 1,900) a2 nemercae aromcscion a 24,000 300 | 155,000 1.400
ewives ed an
smoked. 3, 204, 000 53, 000 678,000 | 11,000 | 2,498,000 | 41,000 18, 000 300: Pees seinen [pcos mad pseeenent|eaees best 10,000 200
Angel fish , 000 1,300 2,900 100 49,000 0
Black bass 511,000 40, 000 455,000 | 35,000 26, 000
Bluefish, fresh 1, 235, 000 44,000 535,000 | 19,000 83,000
Bluefish, salted. 1, 100 1,400 100. nsec ceow
BoOnitO nis scencmee verses 11,000 200 WVicisic onirersarete| weleentenss 9, 500 200 1,000
Butterfish . .. 1, 230, 000 28,000 98, 000 3,100 | 1,032,000 | 23,000 | 100,000
Carp, German. 27, 000 6, 900 153, 000 4,500 20,000 60 5, 500
Cathish owes ncicnccmeniins 503, 000 11,000 181, 000 3,800 221, 000 4,300 28, 000
Croaker............2-.-- 1, 144,000 31,000 594,000 | 13,000 225,000 | 12,000} 280,000
Dogfish, or bowfin 101, 000 1, 400 53,000 60 10, 000 100 1,100
Drum, salt-water . 343,000 7, 200 213, 000 4,600 62,000 1,000 49, 000
Fels......... 257, 000 5, 500 2, 500 1 5,100 200! | soceoee ons
Flounders......-......- 396, 000 16,000 250, 000 9,800 80,000 4,100 30,000
Harvest fish............ 72,000
Hickory shad, fresh..... 354,000
Hickory shad, salted... 17,000
SOW TSI oo oie pointes 1,200
786, 000 485,000
3, 918, 000 4,200 || 2,971,000 3,100 311,000 500 | 636,000
-| 3,146, 000 93,000 |} 1,876,000 | 56,000 8, 000 400 |1, 242,000
1,875, 000 80,000 |} 1,568,000 | 67,000 |.-..-.....-).-...---. 288, 000
800 10 ° 800 LOO sdapscece esse saints) aeceweuyees
992, 000 44,000 451,000 | 19,000 365,000 | 17,000 87,000
Perch, yellow........... 360,000 227,000
Pigfish:... =| 474,000
Pike._... 68, 000
Pinfish. . 371,000
Pompano............--- 11,000
Sailor’s choice.......... 34,000
ee ten
eee 3, 808, 0
Sheepshead ” 939) 000
Skates. .... 6, 000
SNAP Pel .iciscen vawceswne 8,000 sisiew
Spanish mackerel . 438, 000 33, 000 , 000 7,100 143, 000 8,500 | 208,000 100 800 100 200 (2)
PO bese sceeas oy 2 se, 835, 000 15,000 567,000 9,900 34,000 600 | 218,000 4,500 16,000 500 200 (?) 400 (2)
Squeteague, fresh.......| 4,454,000 200, 000 || 2,255,000 | 109,000 873,000 | 32,000 {1,083,000 | 51,000 | 227,000 | 7,800 6, 000 300 11,000 500
Squeteague, salted...... 14, 000 60 5 B00! |ia3 seeeeees| eemcme se , 800 400 |. cceescecs| seceweasfererencses|eceses ex 200 (?)
Strawberry bass and
crappie............... 24,000
Striped bass 502,000
Sturgeon...... 62, 000
Suckers. 63, 000
Sunfish. ..... 164, 000
All Other's cscs cs.cexees 7, 200
BrOGSiss scasiwancseuink waracies 5, 400
Crabs, hard... ... 113,000
Crahs, soft....... 277,000
LUD 5 3: ci0iscissnseniagineecinee 371, 000
Ee eneiapmenaeicnns 2000
OSimsaxccecays ‘
Clams, hard ...| 4726, 000
Oysters, market, from pub-
e ag BIeaS rg oer _- - [5 4,088, 000 T61,000) flees ce casein] vaweninas a|euistiag en ece | momenscws leads secg| see aeoews [See ae see sl eens) ene caw sees seme 54,088,000
ysters, market, from pri-
vate Areas.....-2.2.. 2.22 6 66,000 Fe t10ig | Semen ane oP IOES Nnear ee ae Nae Awe Comet ewe an] RRARREAnE DENRA ARAN BRASAREY |MERaneT Rn Pree ea ee! 6 66,000
Oysters, seed, from public
POMS o2 a 1215 cc sdstpoivsaioveait esti 7 185, 000 3/000! ocew en Seren Seieens te.aed beveeel enweens|Soecie see leereeens faeteakeminsl ee ec s|eaceeiseeee see ty 7 185,000
Oysters, seed, from private
BLOBS oe ineeheecedunnen cae 814,000 OOH ccrsiet aie daeslloeainng cerns | Sesione See g|hbeccelas Maeng sa dalmcaterseloame cee | etwas peema eee | eeoeced 814,000
Whalebone.... 200 B00! | enteine semen seetacens| sasesee secs |i beketiat lotdmnues aulededceds | Atneaededal dee domenl|oaseikesseaceaeaee 200
Skins, mink..... 9100 500 9100
eae xnuskeel 6) 500 pe a
NS) Ob COP sem jnu's xernae sel OB) MOON teeta crate ls citeerer ences 3
Porpoise hides.............- 48, 000 A SQOOAH) =< S45; OOO If; BOOK exes cme ceric | Mpc ide yeccmeret Ven attracts) reat [frame avetestl | cette aera
Porpoise oil..........2---.-- 11 21, 000 2;200°)}|) 18:215000'|| 2/200! | ecccens sorn|ac caeec ct astens sevllaret coke lacas eeecag| cess olcias veema| theo onlersseenees
Whale oil......-........---- 127,500 AOD I ics jaines nsec pal eavoiesescintel tics nine sense ae’ sy wreaked! locesie nasal see eats ask eae deegeme sees wenaselerssee sal 127, 500
1 Includes apparstiys. with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 4,570,000 pounds, valued at $243,000; crab nets, 245,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; bow nets, 263,000
pounds, valued ai
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
491,000 bushels.
6 584,000 bushels.
6 9,500 bushels.
d
7 26,000 bushels.
8 2,000 bushels.
9 200 skins.
10 1,300 skins.
11 2,800 gallons.
121,000 gallons.
$16,000; shrimp nets, 328,000 pounds, valued at $7,700; pots, 242,000 pounds, valued at $5,000; harpoons, spears, etc., 51,000 pounds, valued at $2,800;
east nets, 46,000 pounds, valued at $1,900; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 600 poun'
0 s, valued at $1,400; dip nets, 14,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; turtle nets, 14,000 pounds,
valued at $400; stop nets, 9,400 pounds, valued at $300; and minor apparatus, 530,000 pounds, valued at $14,000.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
217
Taste 3.—NORTH CAROLINA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. Seines. Gill nets. All other apparatus.!
Quantit Quantit Quantit Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value.
otal. 2. stescwecen temas aateeeaeacuas chs lameeiatene meet 55,865,000 | $163,000 54, 457, 000 $96, 000 14, 000 $700 1,394,000 $67, 000
Fish:
DIOWIVOS sarcnevewess suakslps eumaesd Va docpand thin awwiadamdnd 467, 000 4,700 467,000 BS FOO | oarsieseehtsetarcine
BlUCHSDs nsec mtasttat en Ss ees aoe 20, 000 19, 000 600 1,000
Croaker 33,000 500 82,000 500 300
Flounders 6, 900 300 6, 400 300 500
Hickory shi 6,000 500 6,000 500 |seeew a eeeaaus
Kingfish, or whiting. .... 30, 000 1,000 30,000 1,000 400
Menhaden............... 53, 494, 000 66, 000 53, 494, 000 66000 Poiccis ccicesees ate
Mullet, fresh... 39, 000 1,000 38,000 1,000 1,000
Mullet, salted. 10,000
Sailor’s choice SOO} DOO Wisc 2s ne teeiccae| seabmesey: se
BOG DOSS tee cysts rye nt asian sb daseinbhaa@esoue aaaaaenrnce 41,000 2000) lle ceteasaaceas|osnvatiansee|:G tecemguemese
AC cteatee aad a debe es 134, 000 13,000
Sheepshead. 17,000
Snapper Be Ca fsscy ese 5,000
Spanish mackere 19,000
Spot. a-cccecesecse cece: 17,000 17,000 | B00) |acs sees scence sccvewcasues|cneescnaesenrctesceeneesees
Squeteague...............- 166, 000 5, 200 164, 000 1B, 100) | seiccissteracisg awa assasjeenmeee 2, 300 100
Striped base ..29--yeenaeveve en ais Gee , 200 500 8,000 500 200 C) laswean: aupecallscwnbeeanns
UU TIOE 5 onda wocatins ludeaAe Wh ictus: shee saniuenwde ces 10, 000 300 5, 600 100 2,400 100 2,000 100
Oysters, market, from public areas................-..2-----+-- 31,121,000 59,000: ||: cai ascecar Uber dazews eaeteenas eet geeeeneeete 31,121,000 59,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas...............0.22. 00-0002 - eee 4 216,000 SAOOO Ws sccnssdeteretese bs" Ser lace & aciaceacice: | adciceuiee celle Sea eet 4216, 000 5,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,337,000 pounds, valued at $64,000; and lines, 56,000 pounds, valued at $2,500.
3
2 Less than $100. 160,000 bushels.
OHIO.
The fisheries of Ohio may be grouped in two divi-
sions—those of Lake Erie and those of the Ohio River
and its tributaries. The Ohio River fisheries are of
very small proportions, the value of the products
from this district forming only 2 per cent of the total
value of the fishery product of the state.
Of the species taken in the fisheries of the state in
1908, that for which the greatest value was reported
was lake herring, while German carp, blue pike, and
other varieties of pike perch followed closely in
importance.
The general statistics for the Ohio fisheries for 1908
are summarized in the following tabular statement:
Number of persons employed. ....-..------------+-+--+ 2, 054
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. .....-.-.------- $356, 000
Apparatus of capture... ...-.-------------2 + +e eee 423, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash. .-...--..--- 343, 000
840, 000
Value of products........-------++-02-2--522 cer cette ee
Comparison with previous canvasses.—Statistics of
the fisheries of Ohio as a whole are not available for
former years, but figures for the Lake Erie fisheries
of the state have been reported by the Bureau of
Fisheries for certain years, and since the Lake Erie
district contributes such a large proportion of the
fishery product of the state, these figures give a fairly
accurate idea of the fluctuations which have taken
place.
As will be seen from the tabular statement given
below, this district shows a marked recovery from a
retrograde movement which culminated in 1903. The
431,000 bushels. .
waters of Lake Erie are so shallow that it would be
possible to catch all the fish in them, and such a con-
dition was imminent in 1903. Warnings of the pos-
sible extinction of the fish in this lake were given in
1890 by the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, who
called attention to an ominous decrease in the product
‘since 1885.
The increase in fishery products which has taken
place during recent years has not, however, extended
to the fisheries of the Ohio River district, as will be:
seen from the following tabular statement, which gives
statistics of the industry in both districts for 1908 in
comparison with certain earlier years:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
DISTRICT AND miay ed, Vessels ;
YEAR. fe an Appa- '
eet Total. || boats, in-| ratus of Peadae. Value.
™men cluding | capture. P Z
: outfit,
$775,000 || $355.000 |$421,000 |) 27,216,000 |$824,000
391, 000 | 185,000 | 206,000 || 10.749, 000 | 317,000
779,000 |} 361,000 | 417,000 || 36,624,000 | 677,000
985,000 || 387,000 | 598,000 || 44,932,000 | 619,000
3,400 1,000 2,400 1,700,000 | 16,000
6,900 2,800 3,900 273,000 | 19,000
14, 000 3,300} 10,000 1,239,000 | 59,000
The large increase in the weight of product in the
Ohio River district is due entirely to the weight of
mussel shells reported in 1908. Except for these
products both the weight and the value of the Ohio
River product would have been less than half as much
in 1908 as in 1899, when no mussel-shell products
were reported. The falling off in the product of the
218
Ohio River district after 1894 was due in a large meas-
ure to laws restricting fishermen to the use of hooks
and lines in interior waters.
Persons employed.—Over 92 per cent of the persons
engaged in fisheries in Ohio were employed in the
Lake Erie district. Of the 36 shoresmen reported,
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
25 were engaged in the vessel fisheries and 11 in the
shore and boat fisheries. Including shoresmen, there-
fore, the total number of persons connected with the
vessel fisheries was 287 and the total number con-
nected with the shore and boat fisheries 1,739.
The distribution of persons employed was as follows:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie-
tors and .
. Salaried Wage- ‘ :
Total. inte ents employees.| earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
men,
ALC) Leap pet nackte ect ORR: Rep =i het MERTON RP ice ed ed Aa ee oat Os ee ete ae 2,054 1830 14 1,210 || $380, 000 $11, 000 | 2 3369, 000
ake Ise: Gis tri Gt occce.< sasewasas sacaoasiei ad BARRA Sune seme SERGE Se ZEEE 1,901 733 14 1,154 378, 000 11,000 | - 867,000
Viessel fisheries sesso, ct cirrcnatees Sina alcinatacces ncraametelaianiein ce Acaaesoisisieute vacates Wa aberteblanetn 262 26 8 228 132, 000 6, 100 | 126, 000
TRANS PORN BV ESSE Sie ccecscse 4, cienesntataiescsay susrevessigiatersts wraiai aakessia a grasaisiocaatelais = aenirancaeatessthes 28) |lnwns sosueevel sees axescer 28 Y5, 000? |). 5 ssasietsrara-siszste 15,000
Shore and: boatifisheries\. 10. as vs. nqonden oxiectansn ay vennoeNnd nob eeewhwe 4 tener eS 1,575 707 6 862 212,000 5, 200 207,000
SHOPeSMED js occ ceneseevewaces sengemx eoarseaeets WES ESARaS DEERE RS eee eee RE eee SB GF lee se ete teen t | opis ae pees ee 36 18,000) We seeazczeke 8,000
Ohio River district (shore and boat fisheries)..........-..-.-.2-0202-02002e eee eee eee 153 OF | ects si decsce 56 Pa 0,018 | Pace eer meer 2,100
1 Exclusive of 22 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $9,300.
3 Of these, 25 were employed in vessel fisheries and 11 in shore and boat fisheries.
Equipment and other cayital—The following tabular | Vessels:
statement shows the distribution of the capital invested se PP
f : WIN DO hec to hang somone eeed-oad aeamaeeaeE eta
in the fisheries of the state: 7
ONN ASE eee Siar ee Heise ens Doe Ee Se 672
Transporting—
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER Numb Cre oue es ood ee eh oe ee ee ee ed ose vas 12
CAPITAL: 1908.
TOMMASGsa:24o5 22s UhSse ede oy bee aeese ees 190
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Boats; number co ss652 4 ahi iee eee. pda seaidaeieaee ofnades 1, 083
Lake Erie | Ohio River : 2
Total. district. | district. Steam and motor....22.ccccceeeed sca eeeneee tenes eae 279
DAM sone cs oe te eA Gee eye fideo fc oe Ridden ieinde Dk Rvaten’ 28
Motalastasscaae teeter teas $1, 122, 000 || $1,118, 000 $4, 100 ROW insarecey yy eet het aeutates ceo igual es cee 735
Vessels, including outfit............2..2..--- 215, 000 215, 000 Other. ..--..-0. 0-220 -ee eee eee eee eee eee 41
eee Lizoo0 || iar’o00 | Th. 5 P the aidneipal la
esse 47, 47,
meat 22 0m 22 0m e ah a of the principal inds of apparatus
ransporting. 46, 0 46, 1
Voss is roresainracisaenanesitnnens 3) 3800 seeuiees ie the pe of which all mee 10 soe
MEA sande nian chbewacheatensteuents : ;
Boats................. 141, 000 140, 000 ane 6 LY: € an oop nets ere: use sa the Lake
pies SOO anais TOD |, TRE Erie district and all except 18,828 gill nets in the shore
Row . 16, 000 15, 000 i ‘
Ehsan pO en and boat fisheries, were as follows:
Apparatus of capture............-....-..---- 423, 000 421, 000
Vessel fisheries. . 2.220.020... 2. ee cece e ee 89, 000 89, 000 Hyke and Hoop Nets... 21. y.peneunsseasee eee sepa sees oe 1, 226
Shore and boat fisheries 334, 000 331, 000 é y
Shore and accessory property. 263, 000 262, 000 Gull N6tS i owceceeeteed ca dchacaecea tens mae eeee eee ai 25, 030
Cash 80, 000 80,000 }--.-------+ Harpoons, spears, etc............2.0.0200. 0 cece eee eee eee 83
; ; Pound and trap nets. ....2.006e5os00 ve ee ssausyeca des saseus 2, 580
Over 99 per cent of the total investment pertained | Seines........00.00.0.000 00000. cc cece ce cece cece ceeeees 266
to the Lake Erie district. Tramiel Nets y.sssic 22009 ticdecuteds 25 1AR AEA ee bane eee 521
Of the value of shore and accessory property, | T’@Ps, muskrat.......-..-- 0-02... cesses ee eee seed
RuEtletn eta. 22525 aout saascemana oS Noe meuecancnis/deesanteiers 220
$62,000 was reported for vessel fisheries and $201,000
for shore and boat fisheries. The entire amount re-
turned under this head, with the exception of $700,
represented investment in the Lake Erie fisheries.
The vessels reported were exclusively steam craft,
and of the boats only 28, valued at $2,400, were sail-
boats. With the exception of 136 rowboats, all of the
boats, as well as all of the vessels, were used in the
Lake Erie fisheries. The number and tonnage of the
vessels and the number of the boats were as follows:
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 220, gives
detailed statistics as to the products of the fisheries of
Ohio, by species and by apparatus of capture. On
the basis of value, lake herring was the most important
fish taken, with German carp ranking second. If the
different varieties of pike and pickerel and pike perch
be considered together as one item, this class of fish
tukes the lead among the products, with a total weight
of 9,743,000 pounds and a value of $359,000. The
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
value of the above-named species—lake herring, carp,
pike, pike perch, and pickerel—forms 76 per cent of
the total value of the catch, while the remainder of
the catch, considered in respect to both weight and
value, is fairly well distributed among the other
species reported.
Products, by fishing grownds.—Table 2, on page 220,
gives detailed statistics regarding the fishery products
of Lake Erie district, while Table 3, on page 221, gives
similar statistics for the Ohio River district. Among
the Ohio River products were three which were not re-
ported for the Lake Erie fisheries, namely, buffalo fish,
paddlefish, and the products of the mussel fisheries.
The mussel products included mussel shells, pearls, and
slugs, and were valued at $7,000, or somewhat less
than half of the total value of the Ohio River product.
Products, by class of fisheries —The products of the
shore and boat fisheries amounted to 20,511,000
pounds, valued at $548,000, and those of the vessel
fisheries to 8,405,000 pounds, valued at $291,000.
All of the fisheries of the Ohio River district were of
the shore and boat class, while for Lake Erie both
classes of fisheries were reported. In the vessel fish-
eries of the latter district the following products were
taken:
PRODUCTS OF VESSEL
FISHERIES OF LAKE
ERIE DISTRICT: 1908.
SPECIES.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
Total 8,405,000 | $291,000
Lake herrin; -| 4,227,000 129,000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).....- 1, 998, 000 78,000
Perch, yellow. -.0s<..0<<ss:08 500200 883, 000 36, 000
Pike perch (blue pike)... 915. 000 30, 000
Pike perch (sauger).....--.--.-------2e--0-00-- 208, 000 9, 000
Whitefish. .s.... cence cesar meneweune seem eaaenen 81,000 6, 400
Pike and pickerel sea 23,000 1,700
AIL OtROPT. 5 ccrcare xsienanetcsice acctecheeeoees toewserseesees 68, 000 900
1 Includes products as follows: Suckers, 35,000 pounds, valued at $500; German
carp, 9,800 pounds, valued at $200; drum or sheepshead 16,000 pounds, valued at
$200; ling or eelpout, white bass, and trout, 7,600 pounds, valued at $100.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—Gill nets were
not used in the Ohio River fisheries, but in the vessel
fisheries of Lake Erie they were the only form of appa-
ratus of capture employed. Pound and trap nets,
though used only in the shore and boat fisheries of
Lake Erie, took a greater number of species and a
heavier catch than any other kind of apparatus. No
single. species of the 19 which were taken by them
sufficiently predominated in weight to form the bulk
of the catch; but the different varieties of pike,
pickerel, and pike perch taken by pound and trap nets
aggregated 5,763,000 pounds, valued at $202,000, and
formed over one-half of the weight and about two-
thirds of the value of the entire catch by this form of
apparatus.
Seines, which were reported for the shore and boat
fisheries only, were used in the capture of 13 species.
The quantity of products thus taken in the Ohio
219
River district was small, amounting to only 20,000
pounds, valued at $1,600, while in the shore and boat
fisheries of Lake Erie products so caught aggregated
5,761,000 pounds, valued at $103,000. Of these Lake
Erie products, 5,708,000 pounds represented German
carp and contributed 99 per cent of the total value of
the seine catch reported for this district.
Since mussel shells were the principal product of
the Ohio River fisheries, the crowfoot dredges used
for taking them were the leading apparatus of capture
in that district.
Principal species—Carp was the only one of the
leading species for which a considerable increase in
catch was shown in 1908, as compared with earlier
years. The following tabular statement indicates the
relation of the carp catch to the total fishery products
of the Lake Erie district of Ohio for certain years:
GERMAN-CARP PRODUCT OF LAKE ERIE
DISTRICT.
A \
YEAR. Quantity. | Value.
, |
Per cent Per cent
Pounds: | of total. Amount: of total.
NOOB wiccescjsiesivemmicisres sisieane eae aie dearer 7,140, 000 26 $127,000 15
OOS cts arses aatsanurd'a. sialeteisteness i2teis Maisscemians 3, 058, 000 28 51, 000 16
1909 2 aver doce oeeroreeRa se saree 3, 417, 000 9 47, 000 7
The lake-herring catch, though larger than in 1903,
retains only a fraction of its earlier importance, as is
shown by the following tabular statement, and the
decrease in this product accounts, in a large measure,
for the decrease in the fishery product of Ohio from
1890 to 1903:
LAKE-HERRING PRODUCT OF LAKE ERIE
DISTRICT.
YEAR. Quantity. Value.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | of total. || Amount. | or total.
4.792, 000 18 $147,000 18
-| 1,531,000 14 68, 000 21
19, 346, 000 53 253, 000 37
27, 889, 000 62 282, 000 46
The catch of blue pike in 1908 shows a pronounced
increase in both quantity and value over those of the
preceding two years for which statistics were com-
piled, as is indicated by the following tabular state-
ment:
BLUE-PIKE PRODUCT OF LAKE ERIE DISTRICT.
YEAR. Quantity. | Value.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. | oftotal. || Amount. | or total.
4,004, 000 15 | $125, 000 15
1, 733, 000 16 || 68, 000 21
2, 213, 000 6 64, 000 9
3,995, 000 9 66, 000 11
220 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLeE 1.—OHIO—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. Susana 7 Rinth
B ‘ound and tra; : ‘ke and hoo: . other appa-
species: Gill nets. Met Seines. blames eel Lines. ratie)
Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantity, Quantity Quantit: Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value, (pounds). Value.
TOCA cessed ma wereceneinies 28,917,000 {$840,000 ||9, 400,000 |$336,000 |9, 783,000 |$308,000 [5,781,000 |$105,000 |1,714,000 |$51,000 | 118,000 | $7,700 |2,121,000 | $32,000
Fish:
Buffalo fish 9,000 B00: [lacs cis aesbesngcee ccllsweeciecns
Carp, German 7,158,000 | 129,000 57,000 1,300 | 525,000
Catfish and bullhead, 505,000 | 25,000 7,200 300 | 261,000
Drum, or sheepshead. . 1,227,000 | 13,000 17,000 200 | 989,000
Lake herring 4,792,000 | 147,000 |14,637,000 | 140,000 | 155,000
Ling, or eelpout 100, 000 1,300 7,700 100 84,000
Paddlefish.......... 1, 600 HOO) Wh crcse ecastsiga | aasasetornrert ail dein eeweace
Perch, yellow..... -| 1,441,000 | 54,000 922,000 | 38,000 | 460,000
Pike and pickerel. 1,118,000 | 70,000 52,000 3,800 | 786,000
Pike perch (blue pike)..... 4,004,000 | 125,000 {11,026,000 | 34,000 |2,902,000
Pike perch (sauger)......... 2,358,000 | 71,000 ”993) 000 | 13,000 |1,826,000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) .| 2,263,000 | 93/000 ||1,998,000 | 78/000 , 000
BEULLCON 6 cceicicic cia cise wielescicio nls 8, 600 (00! || serene acn bolas, seneoy 5,100
COVIATS «2 sessir sis cn msienis vee 300 300) lessee scacslense sans 300
SUCKOTS run cuenieann see aaes 1,387,000 | 20,000 45,000 600 |1, 022.000
White bass... 172, 000 8,200 600 () 128,000
391, 000
6 14,000
1 Includes. apparatus, with catch, as follows: Harpoons, spears, etc., 9,200 pounds, valued at $9,700; trammel nets, 489,000 pounds, valued at $9,400; crowfoot dredges,
1, 597 | 000 pounds, valued at 87, 000; traps, 4,500 pounds, valued at $4, 500; turtle nets, 19,000 pounds, valued at $1,000; and minor apparatus, 3, 400 pounds, valued at $600.
E 4 Includes pearls and slugs valued at $400. 6 41,
2 Less than $100
3 Less than 100 pounds.
150 skins.
000 skins.
TaBLE 2.—OHIO—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
« Pound and trap A Fyke and hoop . All other appa-
SPECIES. Gill nets. nets. Seines. nets. Lines. ratus.l
Quantit: Quantity Quantit Quantit: Quantit: Quantity Quantit:
(pounds).| Value. || Gounds).| Value. Gunns. Value. | (Sounds). Vue- | Gounds).| Value. | Sounds)| Value. (pounds). Value.
80) 9 per eee ane eee 27,216,000 | $824,000 ||9, 400,000 |$336, 000 |9, 783,000 |$308,000 [5,761,000 ($103,000 |1, 665,000 |$47,000 84,000 | $4,500 | 524,000 | $25,000
Fish:
Carp, German............. 7,140,000 | 127,000 57,000} 1,300] 525,000 | 8,700 |5,708,000 | 102,000 | 373,000 | 6,400 300} (2) 476,000 | 9,100
Catfish and bullheads. 467,000 7, 200 261,000 0 500 ; 5,40 00
Drum, or sheepshead..-...] 1,207,000 17,000 989,000
Lake herring, resh.. 4,780,000 4, 625, 000 155,000
Lake herring, salted....... , 000 12) 00!
Ling, or eelpout ..........- 100,000
Perch, yellow... -| 1,441,000
Pike and pickerel. . 1,118,000
Pike perch (blue pike) -| 4,004,000
Pike perch (sauger)......-. 2,358, 000
Pike perch(wall-eyed pike). 2 260, 000
Sturgeon.... 5,300
Caviar. 300
Suckers... 1,377,000
White bass 172,000
Whitefish... -| 732,000
All Others socesesaiesase ses 5,900
BTOSS: cosceccuistinge asics eetja seis 4,000
TUrtle « 2.0.01 ccwinr sia 18,000
Skins, mink 4100 4100
Skins, muskrat 5 14,000 5 14,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Harpoons, spears, etc., 9,200 pounds, valued at $9,700; trammel nets) 489,000 pounds, valued at $9,400; traps, 4,500 pounds,
valued at $4,500; turtle nets, 19,000 pounds, valued at $1,000; and minor apparatus, 3, 400 pounds, valued at $60
3 Less than 100 pounds. 41
2 Less than $100.
50 skins,
5 41,000 skins.
FISHERIES,
BY STATES. 221
Taste 3.—OHIO—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF OHIO RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Crowfoot dredges.
Quantity 7 Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds). | Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). value: (pounds.) Malus (pounds). value:
MO Gel a ayarcisrapete's reveleanatiis sche oretrc avery aie 1,700,000 | $16,000 20,000} $1,600 49,000 | $4,000 35,000 | $3,200 1, 597,000 $7,000
» Fish:
Carp, German 18° 000 al 300 000
Pe eee rie 5,000
Catfish and buliheads. . 38,000 | 3,700 2, 500
Drum, or sheepshead 20,000 1,800 4,800
PF AQIOTEY coanieaciis Rw asaaies vacctaroie sani wuinaiels 1,600 100 1, 600
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)............. 2,700 300 100
Sturgeon... scessceses2 eecs 3,300 200 3,300
Suckers 2.05 sacceeteas cies 10,000 700 2,100
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs............... 1,597,000 BTS O00! |psccinse ceawatedts [se at aeaacsel an aesee eae | cae te eune leas ooaaddoussl mew Gime te 1,597,000 27,000
1 Less than $100.
OKLAHOMA.
The commercial fisheries of Oklahoma, all of which
were of the shore and boat class, were confined to the
Arkansas River. The statistics for 1908 are given in
the following summary:
Number of fishermen.................--.-22220000-02002000+ 3
Capitalisc.scesaccdrn: aie smeaseteces Oe eee ee eaties $50
Boats—
Numbers vse 204s MneSeewns as 44 Baneseisine ey aieics oct 3
Waltié...sc2cisssceesgese ease Seeeeueeae yess s e¥eans $35
Apparatus of Capture.......20cd scene cdecsoeeseskaxe $10
Shore and accessory property........-.-.--------------- $5
Products:
Total quantity (pounds).............--.----------- 6, 700
SPotal Vali@essesacnsy views odantees sia eee nde scien $300
Drum, fresh-water—
Pounds AU 4.6 naheec ees ods Sse etwas veeee ss meeee Se 4, 500
WHELs oc cemdelieed), Aad oi iecenee sae SRAM ReS $200
Buffalo fish—
Pounds esiracnccvee testes Sewamaaceees e226 Aa eeeicocived 1, 200
Value ves ded demak oe oes: Steere aM $50
Catfish—
POUNOS eos. sia Ses ts eee wees egies bee eee 1, 000
MAG. ooo boweene ss denk Sinn Saoiwe Re eeed 1) eeeeaes $60
OREGON.
The fishing grounds of Oregon may be grouped in
two districts, comprising, respectively, the Columbia
River and its tributaries, and the Pacific Ocean to-
gether with the rivers emptying into it other than the
Columbia. Most of the coast rivers are short, and
their descent is so rapid that fishing is confined to
within a few miles of the ocean. The Rogue and
Umpqua Rivers, however, furnish abundant fishing
for the sportsman, but little commercial fishing is
done on either river east of the Coast Range. Trout
are found in all the mountain streams, while salmon
ascend the rivers in small numbers as far east as the
Cascade Range. The fishing industry of the state
shows a healthy growth, and the product is being
rapidly extended to include other species than salmon,
2 Includes pearls and slugs valued at $400.
which was for years the only species taken to any
extent. The general statistics for 1908 are as follows:
Number of persons employed...........2.2+-- pinata i 4,772
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit...............-- $508, 000
Apparatus of capture.............0-..2 222-0222 ee 795, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.......-....- 65, 000
Value of products...........-- pie dead eaeeiateess 1, 356, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The number
of persons employed in 1908 was 4,772, as compared
with 3,609 reported for 1904 by the Bureau of Fish-
eries, exclusive of 1,690 employ.ed on shore in canner-
ies, etc. The returns of the Bureau of the Census
exclude employees in canneries and include but three
shoresmen. During the period between the two can-
vasses, vessels and boats increased in value from
$369,000 to $508,000, or 38 per cent; apparatus of
capture, from $645,000 to $795,000, or 23 per cent;
and products, from $1,185,000 to $1,356,000, or 14
per cent.
The following tabular statement gives a comparison
of the number of persons employed, the capital in-
vested in vessels, boats, and apparatus of capture, and
the value of products in 1908, with the figures for
certain earlier years for which statistics are available:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
ployed,
YEAR. . Vessels
exclusive Appara- .
ofshores-|} Total. Aarti tus of come: Value.
men. | outfit. capture. 1
}
4,769 || $1,303,000 || $508,000 |$795,000 |} 28, 217,000 |$1, 356, 000
3, 609 1,015, 000 369,000 | 645,000 || 27,535,000 | 1,185,000
3, 806 762, 000 275,000 | 487,000 |) 22,818, 000 856, 000
4,322 841, 000 267,000 | 574,000 |) 38, 142,000 | 1,282,000
2,822 809, 000 265,000 | 544,000 |) 28, 521,000 872,000
3, 098 724, 000 287, 000 | 438,000 || 25,892,000 | 1,034,000
Persons employed.—The distribution of the persons
employed in the fisheries of Oregon in 1908, according
to the character of their connection with the industry,
is shown in the following table for the state as a whole
and for the two main fishery districts:
222 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS,
Pro rites
andinde- | Salaried Wage- 4
Total. pendent | employees. earners Total. Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
Ota sc, ssspciai Srascietsie’ Seeks Ps een E eels seaeee eae manem awaniaioe 4,772 12,224 2 2, 546 $478, 000 $800 | 2 3477,000
‘PRANSPOTtNg VESSELS) 3.6: 2.c5-,se15 dais diate srreee. cloaca Gaia meiseee qesoudiescdleiadmce ose 99, |scecmacss eee 92 26; 000) ||ec.cssencens 26, 000
Shore and boat fisheries eine da wi 4,670 2,217 2 2,451 451,000 800 450, 000
SHOPS MCD ca. cceserecsemseetetecneia settee comes ecstweeaceseeeeces|| Bil lhines aee.cian | oe cence 3 200) [ewaexccccces 200
Columbia River distri ct <..:os.:.0.: cesses eas weiecinistets ne tte ents awregate ape Menowiee ey ee ENE e 3, 778 1,722 2 2, 054 417, 000 800 416, 000
Transporting vessels sit ise eee reeds. 81 Gol Cascisems aes 75 22,000 |j.-..--.-...- 22, 000
Shore and boat, fisherles 22.3 sonescege.% sagaciecyceeece veces saeeciemieis eneinecinwiee 3, 697 1,716 2 1,979 395, 000 800 394, 000
Pacific: coastidistrict :.c.2.:, oscciee hice ns toed cin cima dinimaeaietawneoe Soe cuddsate- ee nceeiees 994 02 |e atrcvere-aseceten 492 61,000 |/....------.- 61, 000
EDTARSPOPUNS “VOSSOLS sus second Seerdaies ete eameae saan sce eeacieesseneeeeeels 18 Mh secramndias cis 17 4, 300 4,300
Shore and boat fisheries seit meres aici 973 GOL | srencesnaiiciees 472 56, 000 56, 000
SHOPCSMICN soe sisters ase taceeweepeccmorcaeetecemsaenemsaeeew cece slimes 1B || esaiessisiseAsiotsrers fertecompsine eames 3 200 200
1 Exclusive of 31 proprietors not fishing.
Of the total number of persons employed in the
fisheries of the state, 79 per cent were credited to the
Columbia River district and 21 per cent to the Pacific
coast district. Wage-earners constituted nearly two-
thirds of the total number employed, and the amount
disbursed in wages was equal to more than one-third
of the total value of products. The wage-earners
engaged in shore and boat fishing formed 96 per cent
of all wage-earners, and received 95 per cent of the
total wages paid.
Equipment and other capital—The distribution of
the value of equipment and of the amount of other
capital employed in the Oregon fisheries in 1908 is
given below.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Columbia Pacific
Total. River coast
district. district.
TO tabs .ocos ceeds ee cakedeaceuaace sos $1, 368, 000 || $1, 208, 000 $160, 000
Transporting vessels (steam and motor), in-
cluding outfit Bs Bu 140, 000 114, 000 26, 000
Vessels... 125, 000 101, 000 24,000
16, 000 13, 000 2,700
367, 000 316, 000 51, 000
112, 000 89, 000 23, 000
233, 000 215,000 17,000
bones 18, 000 6, 900 11, 000
eee 5, 400 5, 100 300
Apparatus of capture.......-...-....-. = 795, 000 718, 000 77,000
Shore and accessory property and cash....... 65, 000 59, 000 5, 300
No vessels were engaged in fishing in the state during
the year, all vessels reported being used exclusively
for transporting fish and fish products. Vessels thus
engaged numbered 44, with a total net tonnage of 565.
Seven of these, having a tonnage of 78, were engaged
in the Pacific coast fisheries, while the 37 vessels
reported for the Columbia River district in 1908 were
employed on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers.
In 1904 the number of transporting vessels reported
was 35, valued at $116,000, and the value of their
outfit was $14,000. The number of boats reported
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $12,000.
was 2,312, which comprised 216 steam and motor
boats, 1,528 sailboats, 523 rowboats, and 45 scows.
Of these several kinds of boats, the Columbia River
district reported 198, 1,355, 191, and 31, respectively.
The investment in boats of all kinds shows an increase
of 54 per cent since 1904.
The proportion of the capital invested in apparatus
of capture is large, on account of the expensive seines
and nets used in the salmon fisheries and the great
expense of constructing and locating the wheels used
on the Columbia River.
The nets, traps, seines, and wheels reported were
distributed as follows:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.1
RIND. ' Columbia | Pacific
Total. | River coast
| district. district.
|
Fyke nets 35 OD. |e ateratsinidecrascress
Gill nets.......... 3,981 2,931 1,050
2,143 1,700 443
17 hg Peer
100 58 42
31 OL citieisin tees
1 All reported by shore and boat fisheries.
Gill nets are used principally in the salmon fisheries.
The number reported in 1908 represents an increase in
the four years between the two canvasses of 1,350, or’
51 per cent, as compared with the number in 1904—
2,631. Thirty wheels were reported in 1904 and 31 in
1908. They were all located on the Columbia River
and their catch in 1908 included salmon and sturgeon.
The seines reported in 1908 numbered 100, as com-
pared with 50 in 1904. Of those reported in 1908, 58
were in use in the Columbia River district and 42 in
other waters. Those employed in the Columbia River
fisheries were large seines of an average value of
nearly $700, while the seines used in other waters
averaged but $100 each in value. No pound nets
were reported by the Bureau of Fisheries in 1904.
°
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Fyke nets have increased in number, while hoop nets
and traps have decreased.
Products, by species—Table 1, on page 224, shows for
1908 the quantity and value of the fishery products of
the state, by species and by apparatus of capture.
The total product increased from 27,533,000 pounds,
valued at $1,185,000, in 1904, to 28,217,000 pounds,
valued at $1,356,000, in 1908, an increase of 3 per cent
in quantity and 14 per cent in value. In 1904 there
were 15 species of products, as compared with 21 in
1908. Those not reported in earlier canvasses were
cultus cod, flounders, sculpin, squeteague, or sea trout,
black snapper, sole, and tomcod, some of which were
taken in considerable quantities. The value of the
salmon catch represented 96 per cent of the total value
of products in 1908. The bulk of the Oregon salmon
product was of the chinook variety, which contributed
68 per cent of the total weight and 81 per cent of the
total value of salmon reported for the state.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Tables 2 and 3, on
pages 224 and 225, give the fishery products, by species
and apparatus of capture, for the Columbia River and
Pacific coast districts, respectively, and the following
tabular statement shows, for the state as a whole and
for the two districts, the distribution by principal
species of the total value of products in 1908:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Sree Columbia | Pacific
Total. River coast
district. district.
MOA occas Sragaret bnew osied weesed ne SS $1, 356,000 || $1,186, 000 $170, 000
PS bos csc estewieruee evar tines HEARERS S Saeed 26 1,329, 000 1,172,000 157, 000
BalM OMe secs semmsis Seseeerecaecenas ee 1,301,000 |] 1,148,000 152, 000
Chinook. 1,056, 000 1,011, 000 45, 000
Silver... 109, 000 21,000 88, 000
Steelhead. 109, 000 95, 000 14, 000
Blueback... 20, 000 20,000) | coc scs2 cme
Dog, or chum - 7,000 1,800 5, 200
Catfish... . 9,000 9,000 Vics se ccmeas
Shad... 8 we a ie 600
Sturgeon 5, W800, leaweee teres
All cane wee 4, 600 6 4,000
Crawfish. ..... 14, 000 14,000 |...........-
Crabs... 65900 [lances aieseissessizte 6, 900
Oysters..... 4,200 ||..-..------- 4, 200
CIBMG sic cioresstaauiac deaciek Dees Somarate 2,000 ||......------ 2,
The following tabular statement shows, for 1908, the
fishery products of the state according to fishing
grounds:
FISHERY PRODUCTS:
1908.
FISHING GROUND.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
TRO ta el cessed ok oa ocak cheek, ay eran es es REESE 28, 217, 000 |$1, 356, 000
20,911, 000 | 1,162, 000
Columbia Rivers cniiecineure ced aesdee sees asades betesere HESS
Nehalem, Tillamook, and Nestugga Rivers. ... ---| 2,405,000 40, 000
HOgUe RIV60 ccs cimieaess coawnicwa naira Fea 990, 000 37,000
Coquille River.......-.--...2.------ 1, 293, 000 26, 000
Clackamas and Willamette Rivers... 04, 000 25,000
C008 Bays ccaineies yiceiees Seas RESE 628, 000 20, 000
Siuslaw River.....-.----- 845, 000 a on
Yaquina Bay and River.. 280, 000 :
Alseya Bay and River. .. 225, 000 8,900
Umpqua River..-..------- te ye on 3, an
Sua tainta Sah ale ean lees 8 ese masala wba asans wh i
Nekanakum River oat An
I ORHET cain snecons Sec cemd siredatid Meimenie teedertteees
223
Products, by apparatus of capture.—Of the total quan-
tity, 22,849,000 pounds were taken with gill nets; and of
the gill-net catch, 22,246,000 pounds, or 97 per cent,
represented salmon, valued at $1,061,000, or 82 per
cent reported for the total salmon catch of the state.
Seines ranked second both in respect to the quantity
and the value of the product taken. In addition to a
large amount of salmon, considerable quantities of
flounders, herring, and perch of the viviparous variety
were included in the seine catch. The catch by wheels
is confined to salmon and a few sturgeon.
In the following tabular statement the value of the
total fishery product is distributed according to appa-
ratus of capture, for the state and the two districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Columbia Pacific
Total. River coast
district. district.
otal qecmecsecasee sense eeeansss naceees $1,356, 000 |) $1,186, 000 $170, 000
Gill n elisisa.catedsiaeadariem ones Maweedne aeclmemee 1, 076, 000 931, 000 144, 000
Selnes..cccccceces — 152, 000 142, 000 10, 000
Wheels........--- eH 72,000 125,000 lise veieeeeses
Pots and traps... 29,000 23,000 6, 000
Pound nets.........-.. te 18, 000 TS;/000! le. c)aise-cccerwiace
Dredges; tongs, 660. jo..2:.c..ewetdisiecieocineaine ae Ui ZOO! |) aicraispese rates jmssce 7,200
VAMOS a) sibeccisickeas eeideinaes seedineecisina tic ineteieels 2200! | Sicoecinarsiccaia 2, 200
Salmon.—as already indicated, salmon constituted
the chief fishery product, and represented 95 per cent of
the total quantity and 96 per cent of the total value of
products reported. The increase between 1904 and
1908 in the quantity reported was 162,000 pounds, or
less than 1 per cent, and in the value reported $150;000,
or 13 percent. There was a decrease in the quantity
caught of the chinook and dog or chum species, although
the value of each increased. Both the quantity and
value of blueback, silver, and steelhead salmon increased.
The following tabular statement shows the quantity
and value of salmon taken from the different fishing
grounds in 1908:
SALMON PRODUCT:
1908.
FISHING GROUND.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
TSG UA ie eta yi ey lcteya ea ee. renee oe cain 26, 876, 000 |$1, 301, 000
COlMMDIARIV ET, eee nc joce sate eee acne ueieceeteeciine | 20,095,000 | 1,135,000
Nehalem, Tillamook, and Nestugga Rivers --| 2,405,000 40,000
FROSUCURIVEDS. 2.2. sescjcteiow satctacaicicents vee ad 990, 000 37, 000
Coquille Rivelecssiccmceasoeteteuccis soeces --| 1,277,000 26,000
SiuslawiRiver secemnesnsa saeeeniaes Bs 845, 000 17,000
Go0s Bays cs ccsciecismcisicemaminnarancte 537, 000 17,000
Clackamas and Willamette River: 263,000 13,000
Alseya Bay and River...........- 150, 000 6,500
Yaquing Bay and Riverscccecaveceis 47 -a2Gcms ele. $a Meee 124, 000 4,200
tip (Ua IV OR cco cisu Ya aieinnienG Keletokaecwe mney 140, 000 3,200
Neransk Ri yer: teers lessee detente iach epheartmrescineensicinecictobess 50, 000 900
The salmon catch of the Columbia River alone con-
stituted 75 per cent of the total salmon catch of the
state and represented 87 per cent of its total value.
The quantity taken from the Coquille River was greater
than that taken from Rogue River, but the value of the
latter catch was considerably greater. Almost the
entire salmon product of the different rivers, excepting
224
the Columbia, Clackamas, and Willamette, was used
in the canneries, one or more of which are located on
each river, except the Alseya and the Nekanakum. The
catch of the last-named rivers was delivered to can-
neries located near by.
Other leading species.—The second in importance of
the fishery products was crawfish, but the value of the
catch formed only about 1 per cent of the total value
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
of products. In both 1908 and. 1904 Oregon ranked
first among the states in respect to the value of the
crawfish product, Wisconsin holding second rank in
both the years named. Catfish, shad, hard crabs, and
sturgeon were next in importance in the order named,
and each showed a substantial gain since the canvass
of 1904.
TaBLE 1.—OREGON—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Seines. Wheels. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Otay. oo itoomusitsivedeveeanatieeecegensxe 28,217,000 | $1,356,000 || 22,849,000 | $1,076,000 | 2,987,000 $152,000 | 1,355,000 $72,000 | 1,025,000 $57,000
Fish:
Carp; Germaniz: ....-ncscceince acne ccimeies 30,000 300 30, 000 SOO! |e Ae caseidiestysese] Seieissere dacs ieueis Seca aieis Sit eeeseiase Seniesa Petes eee cays al Senet aks bos
Catfish... ... 201, 000 DOOD sll zees.ctSecpascialesat| els eb chai alee rsisss | Syed sl rndcioceus| seareisianeay aie hice neat flasohbeirsesiee 201,000 9,000
Cultus cod 20, 000 S00 || atts te eed itralnsae eis lie Gapiitctace limon oceecl thaertue thins (Ucesomreeo mt ate 20, 000 800
Flounders . 23, 000 500 5, 000 100
Halibut... 16, 000 OO || soenencra see veltnaeeeeentees
Herring - 15, 000 300 9, 200 200
Perch, viviparous 26, 000 600 1,700 (2)
Salmon, blueback.....-...2.22..2-...2-. 403, 000 20,000 7,700 401 4,100 294, 000 16, 000 a3] 300
Salmon, chinook ....0.4.:c0scnesenssavecses 18,176,000 | 1,056,000 |) 15,471,000 901, 000 100, 000 819, 000 44,000 175,000 10,000
_ Salmon, dog or chum..-...-...--.....--- 905, 000 7,000 895, 000 6, 900 DG ia ten presse tate as wear peo | sie an acre tel ae ant ros
Salmon psilvers..2ossesexesscon secesaenice 4,923,000 109, 000 4,591, 000 102, 000 5,500 11,000 300 47,000 900
Salmon, steelhead ................2-.-+-- 2, 469, 000 109, 000 1, 280, 000 50, 000 42 000 218) 000 10,000 1247 000 6,700
MOGUL PUM, 22.552 den sie eyasdie dcedrereporn aersisea heed 8,000 8,000
SHAG. 2 cee cccemae cette esmey saneieweniees 431,000
Skilfish, or black snapper.......-..-.--- 5,000
SMEl bs ccccememascccec 30,000
Squeteague, 2,000
Sturgeon... 114, 000
AM OTROR somite rterecnensaearadecdteisectae , 300
Crabs, hard 200, 000
Cra wlisW cece vreteconpoacs coeeeacmosscepercce 178, 000
Clots War es 2 ce ac ciasion aioe caine eau 3 700
Clams, soft 4 30,000
Oysters, market, from public areas... 5 2,300
Oysters, market, from private areas. . 6 5,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas............. 7,1, 800
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Pots and traps, ee um pounds, valued at $29,000; pound nets, 353,000 pounds, valued at $18,000; dredges, tongs, etc.,
58,000 pounds, valued at $7,200; and lines, 54,000 pounds, valued at $2,
2 Less than $100. 3100 bushels. 43,700 pachek; 5 300 bushels. 6 700 bushels. 7 300 bushels.
TaBLE 2.—OREGON—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF COLUMBIA RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Seines. Wheels. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity F Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Welues (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Lh.) } See een noe ee Oe Re ee 21,315,000 | $1,186,000 |! 16,643,000 $931,000 | 2,586,000 $142,000 | 1,355,000 } $72,000 732,000 $41,000
Fish:
Car 30, 000 300 30, 000 £10.01] |eseecerariearicae el Donen Farts F aes actor een RCS | BA apieeoe neal [Oeeer oe Dok enters | oaUAR CRA Mt
CAS sess fe dopants diges x gigas Gass 201,000 OOD | casts insacecsesteel eceeeciclzscre sendin Manabe et |auine manos) eee ee osanaes| mena Secats 201,000 9,000
Salmon, blueback...............2.2.2-.- 403, 000 20; 000 7,700 400 94,000 4,100 294,000 16,000 7,500 300
Salmon, chinook.... -| 16,955,000 1,011,000 || 14, 350, 000 860, 000 1,611,000 96, 000 819, 000 44,000 175,000 10,000
147,000 1,800 147,000 1,800) [eis tenants reciesee sce amet sacle Jeemrneh seca eee s etvenlleaeesicgtentens
839, 000 21,000 716, 000 18,000 66,000 1,300 11,000 300 47,000 900
2,013,000 95,000 858, 000 38, 000 813,000 40,000 218, 000 10,000 124,000 6, 700
418, 000 7,400 417,000 7,400 1,300 LOO! | aio Sieraceacaine ell sec testator IKEA ik hemi MaierSel| Ames
17,000 300 17,000 300 600 0 bisitsig Seas mbar alow pisces aemeeea mes pealadcesuad
114, 000 6, 800 100, 000 5, 600 600 2) 13, 000 1200) | emons. escent teteadeeeces
178,000 DES OOO IN cycesceas ise cacuclle cSvg ee Aeee hye eee Sere ceae grace eccrine Soci eyeests | Santen Seen nee ieee 178, 000 14,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Pots and traps, 379,000 pounds, valued at $23,000; and pound nets, 353,000 pounds, valued at $18,000. 2 Less than $100.
FISHERIES,
BY STATES. 225
TasLE 3.—OREGON—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. Gill nets. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit,
(pounds). Value. (aeundsy: Value. (pounds). Value. onnde: Value.
RE via. nc wesaanciecseeaaias wascudes Med wer newton eaakhoaaaes 6, 902, 000 $170,000 6, 207, 000 $144,000 401,000 $10, 000 294,000 $15, 000
rey , 4
NUNES! COD). cise enatevpacas aye Macc Sites oases oe 20,000 BOO: |e coeds ie aoe ens PSSA e cat widen ceed alata aS 20,000 800
PIOUNGETS soe crccheieens o eche ccs, wasuaasicemendaatns 23,000 500 5,000 woop 18,000" 90070 ii ener ernee
Halibut... 16, 000 TLL | ees rey oA (Meera sea PRA Oeteneentine Soa) | URE PAA tet 16, 000 700
CIPD sans nisisials Haesercisiene csv aloe dee ted Seawvtiare hecenia ese 2a) 15,000 300 9,200 200 6,000 100 We aereecerstiouaaallis oedcenetsdss
POE WIS, crwns tedotsisecetauds tindasieeeubne es 26, 000 600 1,700 (2) 24,000 BOO sis: eesarrwassasaceis [fares eieregerte DS
Balown, CHMGO oo. ea cesseeadvwses sesehes eeeedmrde rene 1, 221,000 45,000
Salmon; COP OF CHUM jos ocemen ce auen aermueeeies ereanaase te 758, 000 ‘ = ne A Pon ae * it Lica rece aeeanl poetuces cee
Salmon, Stl Vel cose wo: saceced aesesteas eres: Simoes Secs 4,084, 000
Palmion, Stee SA cise vawasas cedanax ete ndad ab akwenonaw anne 456, 000
BOuUl Pile te ery ei uss: otpaaass cs ciaies yedensia ee Aauaitycis neue 8,000
2,000
13,000
5,000
13, 000
3,300
Crabs) Nard 'sciaceme saccades catia dy coeds adres aceasta 200, 000
VATS TBI raises sicozssa<bsiniapdinsardsididealers in dasa dhesajaparcl a seesasclasad Sipadhle 3700
GClAMS, SOT: OF TAZOP .. siss:c.acaaisiosiesiass basisentnts Dueisiteeee eda aoe 4 30,000
Oysters, market, from public areas...............2.2.2.2..--- 6 2,300
Oysters, market, from private areas...........2...2..-22-200- 6 5,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas..............-...2-2--22----- 71,800
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 58,000 pounds, valued at $7,200;
pounds, valued at $2,200.
2 Less than $100. 2 100 bushels. 43,700 bushels.
PENNSYLVANIA.
The fisheries of Pennsylvania may be grouped in
three districts, including, respectively, those of Dela-
ware River and Bay, those of Lake Erie, and those of
the Susquehanna River. The following summary
presents the chief statistics of the fishing industry for
the entire state in 1908:
Number of persons employed........-----++---+-++2+-+++° 1, 250
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit.....--.----.------ $280, 000
Apparatus of capture........--.---+-+--+-2--2-2220-- 114, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.........------ 87, 000
Value of products.......-..------+-+2222- 25 eee eres 513, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—In comparing
the statistics as to the products of Lake Erie for 1908
with those for previous years, allowance should be
made for the results of a strike lasting seven weeks
during the fall season, and for the effects of certain
restrictive legislation recently enacted. In 1899 and
1890 large catches of lake herring, amounting to over
10,000,000 and 8,000,000 pounds, respectively, made
the quantity taken much larger than in succeeding
years. The total catch reported for the Delaware
River and Bay district in 1908 shows a marked im-
provement over the downward movement which took
place from 1897 to 1904. The principal data for
earlier canvasses are shown in the following compara-
tive summary:
76786°—l1——_15
pots and traps, 182,000 pounds, valued at $6,000: and lines, 54,000
5 300 bushels. § 700 bushels. 7 300 bushels.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
oyed
ployed,
DISTRICT AND YEAR. | exclu- Vessels ‘Appice
ee Total. |/boats,in-| tus of aa Value.
hen cluding |capture. P
outfit.
Total:
1908.5 = scisisc.cce 1, 237 |1$394, 000 ||/$280, 000 $114,000 |} 11, 888,000 /$513, 000
372,000 || 268,000 | 105,000 || 10, 414,000 | 473,000
1897-1899. ...} 1,825 |) 321,000 || 203,000 | 117,000 || 20, 457,000 | 545,000
Delaware River and
Bay district:
08 514 || 126,000 || 116, 000 9,600 3,987,000 | 254, 000
395 73, 000 63,000 | 10,000 1,630,000 | 143,000
1,115 |] 135,000 |} 110,000 | 25,000 5,331,000 | 254,000
Susquehanna River
district:
1908 449 14, 000 4, 300 9, 800 393,000 | 26,000
1904. . 425 8,100 2,800 5, 300 416,000 | 24,000
1897 346 6,000 3,000 3, 000 273,000 } 16,000
Lake Erie district:
1908 274 || 255,000 || 160,000 | 95,000 7,508, 000 | 233,000
1903... 352 || 291,000 || 202,000 | 89,000 8, 368, 000 | 305, 000
1899 364 |} 180, 000 90,000 | 90,000 || 14,853,000 | 276,000
Persons employed.—The statistics concerning the
persons employed in the fisheries of Pennsylvania in
1908 are shown in the next tabular statement.
The only vessel engaged in transporting fish was
employed on Lake Erie, and the data pertaining to it
are included with those of the fishing vessels.
Of the 13 shoresmen, 11 were connected with the
vessel fisheries. Thus, including shoresmen, 491 of
the total number of persons reported were employed
in connection with the vessel fisheries and 759 in con-
nection with the shore and boat fisheries. The excess
226
of the number in the shore and boat fisheries over that
reported for vessel fisheries was due entirely to the
influence of the Susquehanna River district, where all
fisheries were of the shore and boat class. In both
the Lake Erie district and the Delaware River and
Bay district, persons employed in vessel fisheries out-
numbered those employed in the shore and boat fish-
eries.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprie- Sal:
tors and |, .P22 | wage-
Total.||independ-| pee earn- || Total. a Wages.
ent fish- ae ers. :
ermen. 2
Total........... 1, 250 1561 10 679 |/$199, 000 |/$6, 800 |? $192,000
Vessel fish-
eries......| 480 27 10 443 || 177,000 |] 6,800 | 170,000
Shore and
boat fish-
eries......| 757 684 |cues nce 223 |) 19,000 |/....... 19, 000
Shoresmen.| 13 |].........-|-..-..-- 13 3,100 He ccwene 3,100
Delaware River and
Bay district.......- 520 76 10 434 91,000 || 6,800 84, 000
Vessel fisheries...| 266 ||.........- 10 | 256 || 79,000 || 6,800 | 72,000
Shore and boat
fisheries........ 248 76: sssosise 172 |; 10,000 |I....... 10, 000
Shoresmen......- GB [lf estorctenesose ible coseesiosseees 1,400 |}....-.- 1, 400
Lake Erie district....| 281 BB eeeomseay 228 || 108,000 |]...-..-. 108, 000
Vessel fisheries 3..] 214 OF acs 187 || 97,000 97,000
Shore and boat
fisheries......-. 60 26 34 8, 400 8, 400
Shoresmen......- 7 Wl Naceere,GSeeeeellaastotis 7 1,700! || oiaccceceiese 1, 700
Susquehanna River
district (shore and
boat fisheries)...... 449 482 |ote ss xtoiers 17 f/m | eet 800
1 Exclusive of 30 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $21,000.
8 Includes one vessel engaged in transporting.
Equipment and other capital —The following tabular
statement gives the distribution of the total capital
invested in the fisheries of Pennsylvania in 1908:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. Delaware Susque-
Total River |Lake Erie} hanna
* \/and Bay | district. | River
district. district.
Totalncsescinie stanevenieseersveees $481,000 || $183,000 | $284,000 314,000
Vessels, including outfit.... 254, 000 106,000 | 1 148,000
Steam and motor...... 188, 000 38,000 | 148,000
siege 163, 000 31,000 | 132,000
23,000 6,900 16,000
68,000 GB, OOO): | ncecaieecrcicese
51,000 G1 OOO! | rosin wien
17,000 17,000 |. scc252 22%
Boa 26,000 10,000 12,000
17,000 8,300 7,500
G00 || ns2ceccee. 600! foweeeerece
5, 400 1,700 400 3,300
3,500 |}..----..-- 3,200 200
Apparatus ofcapture. . 114, 000 9,600 95,000 9, 800
Vessel fisheries... .. 73,000 3, 400 005000! ios aecre secre
Shore and boat fisheri 41,000 6, 200 25,000 9,800
Shore and accessory propert a 54,0100 30,000 24,000 300
Cash). crc eaanie sini dread tecner es 32, 000 25,000 000: Wisc wercenne
1 Includes one vessel engaged in transporting.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The statistics concerning the number and tonnage of
the vessels and the number of the boats are as follows:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Delaware Susque-
Total River |Lake Erie} hanna
* |iand Bay | district. | River
district. district,
Vessels:
NUM Besse. ose jeceescd veces es 66 27 290 |scteeteeee
FRONTAGE s.aa:5:5)si5:0 tearsreisials Meisinidiaernt 1,152 582 510: bese erases
Steam and motor—
INUMD Ofscasseecetmccaasebcenace 47 8 EL Renee ee
Tonnage ee crcrs cues memrremeinaees 696 126 570 lecsmeaces
Sail— .
Number 19 LD: | xie:sfuaiercicecis| trxinsarorars ote
Tonnage. . = 456 BBG!) ercidicssiereccieie bee rstateiae riers
Boats, number 333 79 43 211
40 27 9 4
(| eee (a eee
272 52 19 201
5 Ke | eee ras 9 6
1 Includes one vessel engaged in transporting.
The value of fishing vessels composed over one-half
of the total investment. Steam vessels predominated,
and steam and motor boats also largely exceeded all
other boats in value. The value of apparatus of cap-
ture constituted less than a quarter of the investment.
Of the value of shore and accessory property, $20,000
was credited to the shore and boat fisheries and $35,000
to the vessel fisheries. The cash capital amounted to
$3,400 in the case of the shore and boat fisheries and to
$29,000 in the case of the vessel fisheries. The total
investment in shore and boat fisheries, therefore, was
$90,000 and that in vessel fisheries $391,000.
In the Delaware River and Bay district fishing
vessels represented considerably more than half of the
total investment, and the value of shore and accessory
property and the cash reported, in nearly equal pro-
portions, accounted for the bulk of the remainder.
The value of apparatus of capture formed only 5 per
cent of the total investment. The total investment
in the vessel fisheries of this district was $161,000, as
compared with $23,000 in shore and boat fisheries.
In the Lake Erie district one-half of the total in-
vestment was in fishing vessels and one-third in appa-
ratus of capture. A few sailboats were engaged in
fishing on this lake, but no sailing vessels. The appa-
ratus of capture reported for the vessel fisheries con-
sisted almost wholly of gillnets. The total investment
in the shore and boat fisheries of Pennsylvania on Lake
Erie was only $53,000, while that in the vessel fish-
eries was $230,000.
In the Susquehanna River district, as already stated,
the entire investment was in shore and boat fisheries.
The distribution of the principal kinds of apparatus
of capture, by fishery districts and by class of fisheries,
is shown in the next tabular statement.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by
districts. class of fisheries.
KIND.
Dela-
Total. || ware | Lake |Susque: Vessel a
River | Erie | hanna || Vessel | and
ae A fish- boat
and dis. River A fi
Bay | trict. |district.|) °TS she
district eres
BOW Metis sicieiscisicsieic nie meiainiens 6
oe TOUS siowsinigstiot eciteasescis Senersiba a
Ol POtS cm eivierwienc ined 6
Fish baskets and traps
Fyke and hoop nets
Gill nets..........2..
Pound and trap nets
INOS o scaccecc seein
Spears and gigs................
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 230, gives sta-
tistics of the quantity and the value of the fishery
products of Pennsylvania, by species and by apparatus
of capture. Oysters, blue pike, and lake herring con-
tributed to the total value of the product 34 per cent,
19 per cent, and 18 per cent, respectively, representing
in the aggregate 71 per cent of the total value. Sea
bass furnished 9 per cent of the total value, while shad
and whitefish each contributed 7 per cent. Thus six
species are shown to account for 94 per cent of the
value of products. The remaining 6 per cent was con-
tributed by 21 species. Of the six leading species,
oysters and sea bass were taken from Delaware River
and Bay; blue pike, lake herring, and whitefish from
Lake Erie; and shad in nearly equal quantities from
the Susquehanna and the Delaware Rivers. Fish
proper represented 66 per cent of the total value of
products and oysters the remaining 34 per cent.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Of the total value of
the fishery products for the state, the Delaware River
and Bay district furnished 50 per cent, the Lake Erie
district 45 per cent, and the Susquehanna River dis-
trict only 5 per cent. The quantity and value of the
fishery products of the Delaware River and Bay dis-
trict, distributed by species and by apparatus of cap-
ture, are shown in Table 2, on page 230.
Oysters contributed 69 per cent, or more than two-
thirds, of the total value of the fishery products of
this district. Of the fish proper reported, sea bass, ale-
wives, and shad were the most important as regards
quantity. Sea bass and shad exceeded other species
of fish in, value also, representing, respectively, 56 per
cent and 26 per cent of the value of all fish caught, and
17 per cent and 8 per cent of the total value of products
for the district, being surpassed only by oysters; the
alewife catch, however, was of comparatively little
value. The sea-bass product was taken wholly with
lines, and the shad and alewives were taken with gill
nets and seines.
The statistics of the fishery products of the Lake
Erie district are given in Table 3, on page 231.
One-half of the Lake Erie catch was composed of
lake herring, but the value of this product was some-
227
what lower than that of the blue-pike catch, which con-
tributed 41 per cent of the value of the Lake Erie
product, as compared with a corresponding proportion
of 39 per cent for lake herring. Whitefish ranked third
in both quantity and value, the whitefish catch repre-
senting 16 per cent of the total value of products of this
district. Practically the entire amount and value
(96 per cent in each case) of the fishery product
of the Lake Erie district was contributed by these
three varieties of fish. Yellow perch was the only
other species that represented more than 1 per cent
of either the total quantity or the total value. Gill
nets, which were used for securing practically the
entire lake-herring catch and the larger part of the
catch of both pike perch and whitefish, were by far the
most important kind of apparatus of capture employed
by the fisheries of this district.
Table 4, on page 231, presents, for the Susquehanna
River district, statistics of the fishery products similar
to those given for the other districts in Tables 2 and 3.
Shad alone represented 79 per cent of the total quan-
tity and 73 per cent of the total value of the Susque-
hanna River catch, eels being the only other species of
any importance. About two-thirds of the shad product
was caught by dip and bow nets and the remainder
by seines and gill nets.
The following tabular statement distributes the value
of products, by species, for the state and for each dis-
trict:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. Delaware | Susque-
Total River hanna |Lake Erie
* |}and Bay| River | district.
district. | district.
MOtal 26 ctetecemadacues = aeeatewaers $513,000 |} $254,000 | $26,000 | $233,000
USB aecrete sescsua = seve we elyoene seeeeeeee 338,000 79,000 26, 000 233, 000
eyseaswee| Semen aeise 96, 000
Pudwinenses [hearin cced 90,000
44-1000 Vacca cine sien seccetees
i 20,000 19,000 }.........-
é OOO Najera. cia sincclfocie sno sezieees 37,000
Alewives. 6 6, 400 Le eee
All other... 26,000 8,400 7,400 10,000
Oysters....-.- .---| 176,000 1760005 secs aetaents bs eeereoninees
Market, from private areas..........- 134,000 134, OOO: sx-s.ecnsererel sctecarer ances
Seed, from public areas.............. 42,000 42, OOD) |liss e-ziaisrerecer!| asssersierenste ate
1 Less than $100.
Products, by class of fisheries —The next tabular
statement shows the distribution, by species arranged
according to value, of the value of products for the
state as a whole and for the two classes of fisheries.
The vessel fisheries account for 84 per cent of the
value of all fishery products of the state and for 76
per cent of that of the total fish catch. Ofthe products
of this class of fisheries, oysters were by far the most
important, contributing 41 per cent of the total value;
pike perch and lake herring were the most important
fish products, together representing 39 per cent of the
total. Among the products of the shore and boat
fisheries, shad, reported exclusively by this class of
228
fisheries, had a value nearly as great as the combined
value of all other fish.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
i Shore
Total. Vessel | and boat
fisheries. fisheries
Ota sccriece ate cleciosatannniendecesewcisnes $513, 000 $433, 000 $80, 000
Fishes ¢a:cccccssagage sseeworsent arvacdeesesis 338, 000 257, 000
Pike perch (blue pike) 96, 000 85, 000
Lake herring 90,000 83, 000
Sea bass... .- 44,000 44,000
Shad........ 38,000 |).......--..-
Whitefish... 37,000 34,000
Alewives.... AU | ene eres
All other. ... 26,000 10, 000
Oysters... 2222200002. - 22 eee eee eee eee 176, 000 176,000
Market, from private areas. ...... te 134, 000 134, 000
Seed, from public areas..............-..- 42,000 , 000
Statistics concerning the products of the vessel fish-
eries of the Delaware River and Bay district are pre-
sented in the following tabular statement:
PRODUCTS OF VESSEL
FISHERIES, DEL A-
WARE RIVER AND
BAY DISTRICT: 1908.1
SPECIES. e
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
MO tals so.Aeen ae sinciticiateraisieatising daieciereiuaii: Foam OSES 2,906,000 | $225,000
Fish:
Bluefish s.sncacaaseetteceassteieosidd tedehaniecoseonmet 7,500 800
Cod .aizccsiemeenicsss 50, 000 800
Croaker........-.- 14, 000 500
Flounders.....-.. 4,700 200
Scllps..2seeces 11,000 300
Sea basso... 2.cses20-0% 860, 000 44,000
Squeteague, or sea trout. . 12,000 200
Sturgeon ewe 25.2..socverseeacecis oseeeys 8, 400 2,600
Oysters, market, from private areas 2 906, 000 134, 000
Oysters, seed, from public areas 41,032, 000 42,000
1TIncludes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,938,000
pounds, valued at $176 000; lines, 959, 600 pounds, valued at $47, 000: and ’ gill nets,
8, 400) pounds, valued at $2, 600.
2 129,000 bushels.
a 148/000 bushels.
Oysters were the principal species reported for the
vessel fisheries of this district and represented 78 per
cent of the value of their catch. The remaining 22 per
cent of the total value was contributed by eight species
of fish proper, all of which, with the exception of stur-
geon, were taken with lines.
The next tabular statement gives the statistics of
the products of shore and boat fisheries of the Dela-
ware River and Bay district.
The chief products of the shore and boat fisheries of
this district were, in point of value, shad and alewives,
both fresh and salted. The value of these two species
together constituted 90 per cent of the total value of
the catch. Gill nets and seines were the principal
apparatus of capture used in this class of fisheries.
Statistics as to the products of the vessel fisheries
and the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Erie are pre-
sentedin Table3, on page 231. From a reference to this
it will be seen that in both classes of fisheries blue pike,
lake herring, and whitefish, in the order named, were
the most important products as regards both quantity
and value.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
PRODUCTS OF THE SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF
DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
Total. Product caught by—
SPECIES.
Gill nets. Seines.1
Quantity Val
(pounds),| ¥ Ue. Quanti F
uantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total scecwsaes neecc 1,081,000 |$29,000 |) 415,000 /$10,000 | 665,000 | $19,000
Alewives, fresh. ......... 615,000 | 5,300 |} 300,000 | 3,000 | 315,000 2,300
Alewives, salted. eee) 1483000.) 15 200 I oss cecion cee foscccere «| 148, 000 1,100
Carp, German........... 12,000 | 1,000 3,500 200 8, 201 800
Catfish and ‘hulled. 7, 500 500 7,000 500 500 (2)
WIS sic: c2isi2 sp cicissicunge nena 4, 200 BOO lesa Ses sceet | sais 4, 20 3
SHAG. 5 essen 281,000 | 20,000 || 100,000 | 6,200} 181,000] 13,000
Striped bass...... Ze 7, 200 80! 5,000 500 , 200
Suckers, or mullet... ...-. 5, 500 B00 Woon cecticens| oomaeted 5, 500 400
1 Includes eel pots, with catch of 4,200 pounds, valued at $300.
2 Less than $100.
As already indicated, the Susquehanna River fish-
eries were all of the shore and boat class.
Products, by apparatus of capture—The following
tabular statement indicates the distribution, by appa-
ratus of capture arranged in the order of the value of
their catch, of the value of products for the different
fishery districts and for the two classes of fisheries,
respectively. Gill nets took products valued at 46 per
cent of the total value, and these were the most
important form of apparatus in the Lake Erie district,
where the catch by lines and pound and trap nets con-
tributed less than 7 per cent of the total value of prod-
ucts. Dredges, tongs, etc., which were used only in
the Delaware River and Bay district, took products
having a value equal to 69 per cent of the total for this
district and 34 per cent of the total for the state. In
the Susquehanna River district the largest value of
products, 46 per cent of the total for the district, was
reported for dip and bow nets, the use of which was
confined to this district.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Distributed by
Distributed by districts. clase of fisheries:
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Total. Shore
Delaware Susque- Lake Vessel | and
River hanna +
A Erie fisher- | boat
and Bay | River | gistrict ies, fisher-
district. | district. | CS't1C- ; Tes
Total canine was ee $513,000 |] $254,000 | $26,000 $233,000 |/$433,000 | $80,000
Gill NEtS: 2.2 2s0c6 oc ose 235, 000 13,000 3,000 | 219,000 |) 210,000 | 25,000
Dredges, tongs, etc...... 176, 000 176,000! | ene cece |e cated aun 176,000 |..-.----
TINGS ns sarecteaed yecewes 49, 000 47, 000 1,600 100 47,000 1,600
SOMOS 50:22. 0). wines eae pa
Pound and trap nets. ...
Dip and bow nets.......
FISH. CV apSsccs0cs seeences
All other’. 2... 2222220085
Oysters.—The yield of oysters in 1908, which repre-
sented 34 per cent of the total value of products, was
larger than that in any previous year. The product
was entirely from Delaware Bay; all the market oys-
ters were taken from private beds, and all the seed
oysters from public areas.
‘
FISHERIES,
; The following tabular statement shows the changes
in the quantity and value of the yield since 1880:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
BY STATES. 229
previous canvasses the yields were as large as, or larger
than, that of 1908, although of somewhat smaller
value. The changes in the catch are indicated in the
following tabular statement:
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1,938,000 | $176,000
831,000 104, 000
1, 862,000
927,000
1,249,000
Q)
1 Not reported.
Blue pike-—The catch of blue pike, which ranked
first among the fish proper, was taken wholly on Lake
Erie, and contributed 41 per cent to the value of the
product from this district. The yield in 1908 was
larger than that in any previous year since 1890 and
its value greater than that reported for any previous
year. The following tabular statement presents the
statistics for 1890 and succeeding canvasses:
BLUE-PIKE PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
2,925,000 $96, 000
2,179,000 79,000
1,523, 000 45,000
3, 246; 000 70,000
Lake herring—The lake-herring product contrib-
uted 18 per cent of the value of all fishery products
reported for the state and 39 per cent of that reported
for the Lake Erie district. With the exception of a
fractional percentage, the entire quantity was taken
by gill nets. Of the value of the Lake Erie catch, 92
per cent was credited to vessel fisheries. The catch of
this fish has decreased rapidly in quantity since 1899,
in which year 10,742,000 pounds were taken. The
following statement, which gives the quantity and
value reported for certain earlier years, shows that the
highest value was reached in 1903:
LAKE-HERRING
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
3,796, 000 $90, 000
5, 750, 000 208, 000
10, 742, 000 134, 000
8, 013, 000 80, 000
Sea bass.—This species, the value of which amounted
to 9 per cent of the value of all the fishery products of
the state, was, like oysters, taken only in the Delaware
River and Bay district, where it contributed 17 per
cent of the value of the catch. The entire quantity
was taken with lines in the vessel fisheries and repre-
sented nearly 20 per cent of the value of the catch made
by vessel fisheries of the Delaware River and Bay dis-
trict. Nosea-bass product was reported in 1904, but at
SEA-BASS PRODUCT.
YEAR. Genkritth
uantity
(pounds). Value.
860, 000 $44, 000
900, 000 36, 000
902, 000 38, 000
803, 000 29, 000
Shad.—This fish was taken in both the Delaware
River and Bay district and the Susquehanna River
district, 53 per cent of the total value for the state
being credited to the former. Of the total product of
fish proper, this species formed 11 per cent in the state,
73 per cent in the Susquehanna River district, and 26
per cent in the Delaware River and Bay fisheries.
Seines and gill nets were the principal forms of appara-
tus of capture used in the shad fisheries of the Delaware
River and Bay district, seines taking about two-thirds
of the catch; in the Susquehanna River fisheries,
though these two forms of apparatus were used, dip
and bow nets were used much more extensively.
The following tabular statement shows that there
has been a marked decline in the product of this
species since 1890, interrupted only in 1897, when the
catch was of greater weight though of less value than
in 1892:
SHAD PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
$38, 000
52, 000
64,000
110, 000
131, 000
28,000
Whitefish—The value of the whitefish catch formed
7 per cent of the value of the total state product and
16 per cent of that of the Lake Erie product. The
vessel fisheries of Lake Erie took, by means of gill nets,
products valued at 92 per cent of the total value for
whitefish. Though greater than the catch in 1903,
the quantity taken in 1908 was much less than that
reported in any year previous to 1903, while, as the
following tabular statement shows, the value in 1908
was practically the same as that in 1880 and that in
1890:
WHITEFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR. Q
‘uantity 7
(pounds). Value.
455, 000 $37, 000
53, 000 3, 900
616, 000 47,000
758, 000 36, 000
975, 000 35, 000
230 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 1.—PENNSYLVANIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGBT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Seines. Pound and trap nets. | All other apparatus.!
Quantit: Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantity ss Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value pounds. Value.
Total.........-20000- 220s 11,888,000 | $513,000 || 7,659,000 | $235,000 970,000 | $49,000 722,000 | $22,000 322,000 | $13,000 | 2,215,000 | $194,000
Fish:
AlewiVes scccinesceccecscasas 767,000 6, 400 300,000
Black bass......-..-. is ,000 200 | [icsreciee-aveias
Bluefish......-..----- 3 7,500 800: ||/- sie cisrcrenicioss
Carp, German........-. a 71,000 2,200 44,000
Catfish and bullheads 26, 000 1,700 7,000
C0 oc sneeeacsewesee sesciecas 50, 000 800) || eiireapesciea
Croaker . .ssiees ccasees 4,000 500: [lines csesianae
Drum, fresh-water. 33,000 300 400
ONS) ice iciciei sie dicia cisiseg cqnteee 54, 000 5,000 ||........----
Flounders...............-.- C70 e201) | eee ene
Lake herring......... 3,796,000 | 90,000 || 3,781,000
Ling, or eelpout 47,000 200 47,
Perch, yellow. . 85, 000 3,400 ;
Pike and pickerel 14, 000 1,600 7,500
Pike perch (blue pike)...... 2,925, 000 96,000 || 2,769,000
Pike perch (sauger)......-.. 19,000 800 19,000
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike). 12,000 1000: || isiccicee
CUP eierre sicincininsdinsaeiresaen 11,000 800: |] eae eeeecene
Sea bass.......--2....22222- 860, 000 44,000! || asia nonin
SHAG secncceatateseeman se 593, 000 38, 000 150, 000
Squet Cncecscizecac 12,000} = 200 |j........--.-
Striped bass.......... 7,200 5,000
Sturgeon. .............. , 000 3,700 8, 400
AVA srerasrate aie sissisigasreriater wes 500! |lsismrs veces:
Suckers, or mullet.......... 57,000 1,500 16,000
Trout, lake. s.ssayvcncesase 700 (2) 700
White bass............-.... 10,000 BOO! tase ssissaiaia speteieis
Whitefish.................. 455, 000 37,000 432,000
Oysters, market, from private
areas......... cian 6068000! | | 13000 || sensed sadaulll dccadoeeeadeescouase|-<cesnecushenacaueeaes ateestacslMabaricecasa|sececedecl 3.906,000 | 134,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas.| 41,032,000 | 42,000 |]...--..-----[ee.eeeeeecfee eee eee ee e|ee cee cece e[ eee ee ee ee ee e[ece cece eeeeceseeeecccefeeeeeecces 41,032,000 42, 000
1 Includes Srpamtue, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,938,000 pounds, valued at $176,000; dip nets and bow nets, 205,000 pounds, valued at oe
fish Leste an traps, 56,000 pounds, valued at $5,100; spears and gigs, 6,000 pounds, valued at $500; eel pots, 4,200 pounds, valued at $300; and fyke and hoop nets, 5,300
ounds, valued at $300. - :
E 2 Less than $100. 3 129,000 bushels. 4 148,000 bushels,
TaBLE 2.—PENNSYLVANIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
TOTAL. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
i 1
eeneixe: Lines. All other apparatus.
Quantit Value
(pounds). Quantit .
y Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOU8 ins wesnvaseresas patie emnenys PLE P RR EZR IE Ue LAURE YeaeaE Se eR OREM PRISER AE 3, 987,000 $254, 000 959, 000 $47,000 3, 028, 000 $207, 000
Fish:
POU PEN, a hencteta cette semanas Hiraqommeiesn dd Hac eumEde ea Mecmaden onkaes 615, 000: 615,000 5,300
ALBWIVES SAINTE. c:5i.2<:0j25 c)ascwalacrenecered anim mierda china ad etinaamaunan s seo 148, 000 148, 000 1,100
BlUCASH.. <tc rconmeewniewesaatee 7000 | 800 FBO BOO! [sce zapacccnscscieicn|ieinaaiewnnns
Carp, German.......... 12,000 12,060 1,000
Catfish and bullheads. . 2c miapdaieuciales Maison pers , 500 7,500 500
50,000} 800], 50,000} = 800 ].......... 222. f eee eee eee
14,000} 500|/ 14,000] 500 ].....2 2222222 [lel
4,200 4,200 300
4,700 = 200-}) A FOO 200 Pteccrouraiescas|acecmseaioces
T0005 S001 TCO —- S00 ncrarpeemesaslevexanexanes
860,000} 44,000 |} = 860,000 | 44,000 |... ee. dee eee
281, 000 281,000 20,000
Squeteague, or weakfish 12,000} $200]/ 12,000 = 200 J..............[.....2.ee eee
Striped bassacccss2c sce cecuesss ssaeceeis 7,200 7, 200
SUUPLCOD Sos accrajeiaiass ois xerersiceitinta arate outane oe 8, 400 8, 400 2,600
Buekers, or milletiz: ccessiecrateicie.< agiateeratere ate tele Ae stewed s (ei vasleotiarnheas cabeecomedsie dara 5,500 5,500
Oysters, market, from private arcagd............22.ce cece eet e eee ee eee eee e nee e nen ee 2 906, 000 134,000 | awiccicsnessecec)scscescoeens 2 906, 000 134, 000
Oysters, seed, from public areas... ..... 2.222 -.. 02 e ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 31,032, 000 42,000 |/........ sisiuicve traietsateraussctaisle 31,032,000 42,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,938,000 pounds, valued at. $176,000; seines, 661,000 pounds, valued at $18,000; gill nets, 424,000 pounds,
valued at $13.000; and eel pots, 4,200 pounds, valued at $300.
2 129,000 bushels.
3 148,000 bushels.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
231
TaBLE 3.—PENNSYLVANIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE DISTRICT: 1908.
AGGREGATE. VESSEL FISHERIES.! SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES.
: Product caught by—
SPECIES, Total.
Quantit Quantit Gill nets.2 Pound and trap nets.
(pounds), | Value. Sonnds. Value. s Pp
Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds), | Value (pounds). | V@¥e- | Goundsy. | Value-
TA cc nei recadaeseapadsenuanad vieduce 7,508, 000 | $233,000 6,770,000 | $208, 000 738,000 | $25,000 416,000 | $12,000 322,000 | $13,000
Carp, German......... 53,000 800 40, 000 600 13, 000 200" | acemtesccrs cae etna ces 13,000 200
Catfish and bullheads. 11,000 B00 ccsctaersaceiecesleieteeatee meses 11,000 600 900 100 11, 000 600
Drum, fresh-water... .. 33, 000 300 4 (3) _ 33, 090 B00 dio re encamgedvecenagnyn 33, 000 300
Lake hefring...... i, 3,796, 000 90, 000 3, 533, 000 83, 000 263, 000 6, 400 248,000 5, 900 15,000 500
LANG, OF SELPOUL eo nic ice winec som neeneneesenes 47,000 200 44, 200 2, 600 3) 2,600 (8). isetereticiagtetersia stieecisigiesies
Perch, yelloW.. 2-05 2issssessancoceaeesens 85, 000 3, 400 64,000 2,500 21,000 900 9, 200 400 12,000 500
Pike and pickerel..... ed 8,100 500 7,500 400 600 TOE Misa saad esranigon eaaeneaed 600 ®)
Pike perc teas pike) 2,925, 000 96, 000 2, 623, 000 85,000 302, 000 11,000 146, 000 4, 800 156, 000 5, 800
Pike perch (sauger).....- 19,000 800 19, 000 BOO! | actions artes cine iceeness al lhodiercantertcecon anaes tet cca d Seeieme heel nteiecaae
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 12,000 DOO sscis avai mearevdsonase eee re 12,000 1; 000-Il hisacwtwanodea’s |e csienatent 12,000 1,000
BURTON seta taae weeloees haecdonetiecacmots 7, 600 TD LOD Hl etc aeeanciee [eonesaeciat 7, 600 1K a | ee eer Pipe 7,600 1,100
Caviar..........- 500 000! eacinincnteess sepals shccgewes 501 GOO ese aceivisin <-araparaiaie | Searciaisseitncte an 500 500
Suckers, or mullet. 44, 000 700 15, 000 200 28, 000 500 600 (3) 28, 000 500
Trout, lake...... 700 » (3) 700 (3): Neca rararcrsctace-aieran eatin Sintew axe | leteen areas acteersetea|mmaiera ee ate a [lets eeeia parsearerateeia |lnveusis avetdessis
White bass.... 10,000} 400 |j..............[....22.... 10, 000 MOO icermeeccesiencaie |eyctne emer 10, 000 400
Whitefish oa ca nvdiiesere cna semitae oemiegecae 455,000 | 37,000 423,000 | 34, 000 32, 000 2, 600 8, 500 700 f 1,900
1 All the product was caught by gill nets. 2 Includes lines used for taking catfish and bullheads. 3 Less than $100.
: TaBLE 4.—PENNSYLVANIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.!
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. stat
P All other appa-
SPECIES. Lines:? ratus.?
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value.
Total a escenteeeardseedosasei dec aiwde noe ee uae des sigs eres aa EE Sane EWR ae ee se eeeeetsseaa sa seeeme ets 393,000 |$26,000 59.000 | $4.600 | 333,000 | $22,000
Mowives fresh wcucncscnis ex cets teccamseconsiet se 3,300 Gha | comemerre ceceemee 3,800 (4)
Black bass... 1,000 200 1,000 200 |e easo sll neseed=
Carp, Germa 6,000 400 2,000 100 4,000 300
Catfish and b 7, 300 500 190 | (4) 7, 200 500
SSdddeaees ated ejsiee Sate eeaae ae 49,090 | 4,700 500 4) 49,000 4,700
Geinkowes 5,800 | 1,200 5,800.) 1,200: |os2222222|sececees
312,900 | 19,000 50,000 | 3,000 | 262,000) 16,000
pictersactrens 00 BOO. |[asiecrarssetcccse Parsnaica 7,500 400
1 All taken in shore and boat fisheries. :
2 Includes gill nets used for taking shad (50,000 pounds, valued at 33,600).
aIncludes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dip and bow nets, 205,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; fish baskets and traps, 56,000 pounds, valued at $5,100; seines
61,000 pounds, sained at $3,400: spears and gigs, 6,000 pounds, valued at $500; and fyke and hoop nets, 5,300 pounds, valued at $309. ’
4 Less than $100.
RHODE ISLAND.
The general statistics for the fisheries of Rhode
Island, as reported for 1908, are as follows:
Number of persons employed ......-----------+----++- 1, 493
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit...-...----------- $647, 000
Apparatus of capture.......-----------+---2+eeee ee 230, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.....--------- 627, 000
Value of products......--------+--+-+----2 eee rretteee 1, 752, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The following
tabular statement gives comparative statistics for
those years for which figures are available:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
joved
YEAR. ployed, Vessels
exclusive Appara- :
of shores- || Total. Esco tus of Pou Value.
men. outfit. capture. oy
1,404 || $877,000 || $647,000 | $230,000 || 44,254,000 |$1, 752,000
1,708 715,000 508.000 | 207,000 || 23,896,000 | 1,547,000
1,425 535, 000 367,000 | 169,000 || 21,614,000 | 1,156,000
1,340 437,000 287,000 | 151,000 || 32,854,000 955,000
1, 284 |} 406,000 |) 286,000 | 119,000 |/127,365, 000 935, 000
1, 602 392,000 297,000 95,000 || 88,050,000 881,000
A comparison of the returns for 1908 with those for
1905 shows an increase in the value of equipment and
232
in quantity and value of products, and a decrease in
the number of persons employed. For the total
investment in equipment, the investment in appara-
tus of capture, and the value of products, the sta-
tistics show gains at each canvass, as compared with
the one preceding. The variations in quantity are due
chiefly to the great fluctuations in the menhaden catch,
which was over 112,000,000 pounds in 1889, less
than 1,000,000 pounds in 1902, and nearly 18,000,000
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
vessels aggregated $626,000, of which 82 per cent rep-
resented the value of the vessels and 18 per cent the
value of apparatus of capture. For the shore and
boat fisheries the corresponding’ investment was
$251,000, of which 53 per cent represented the value
of boats and 47 per cent the value of apparatus of
capture.
The following tabular statement shows the number
of the more important kinds of apparatus of capture
pounds in 1908. The total value of products, however, | reported:
is little affected by the catch of this low-priced fish.
Persons employed.—The distribution of the persons Sas ee
employed in the fisheries of the state is shown in the re
tabular statement given below. Almost one-half of KIND.
the total number were employed in the shore and Toole Vesse! | Shore and
boat fisheries. fisheries. | pat.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908. Beam trawls............-- 13 10 3
Eel and lobster 22, 840 610 22, 230
Fyke nets...... eg bare 608 46 562
MUEAIEE: Salaries and wages. Ponte esau eee 216 3 1s
BEIM EB sie ere csie iain ctewinincmmeeieie einleeeaner cies 61 17 44
CLass. Pro-
jarenaal Sala- | wage- sia Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 234, gives the
Total. || pend: ie Sav |] Toth | ries. | Wes: | weioht and value of the fishery products of the state,
fisher | °° distributed by species and by apparatus of capture.
oth The value of the shellfish products of the state,
Total........... 1,493 |] 1565| 26{ 902 |/s390.000 ||s27, 000 |28363, 000 including the squid, constituted 69 per cent of the
Vessel fisheries........ 629 132| 23 | 474 || 225,000 || 23,000 | 202, 000 value of all fishery products. The oyster product, as
Shoreand boathsheries] 725 |) 421|3'| 302 | 68,000 |/"3,060'| 94/000 | Measured by value, was the most important in the
Seance sa | gaa oo sal | cata | atone 43,000 | state. In quantity also, if figured at gross weight,
! Exclusive of 24 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the valle of $34,000.
Equipment and other capital.—Statistics with respect
to the distribution of the equipment and other capital
reported for the fisheries of the state are as follows:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Num- | Ton-
Value. ber. nage
PR OVAL vrores os ceascpaislcscinizeeat ceed ieee J ciara ty $1,504,000 |....-..-)-.......
Vessels, including outfit .................2.2--2-.--- 514, 000 138 2,055
Fishing misisien peal deca sts aiterds 464, 000 119 1,847
Steam and motor........ 460, 000 112 1,828
OSSCL joccecey snes atnarteiwmesuate sts B02; 000), | asics vxl]e os scunin
ONCE acters inser heen eet BOO |neezsaar
Sail... 222. 1,700
Vessel 1,100
Outfit 600
Barges - 2,400
Transporting (steam and motor) 50, 000
Slay Bynvehoeveieia oats tem m ieee eae 41,000
Outit SeREEEW Reese recs , 100
BOats: cocisape dees sisrsaercsee conc 133,000
aes and motor....-...---.. 110, 000
Sail sseeewinse heer as cess ens 3,300
ROW. « ciecinwdee 18, 000
Other......-.-.-- 1, 400
Apparatus of capture........-..- 230, 000
Vessel fisheries.......-.- 111,000
Shore and boat fisheries. . 119, 000
Shore and accessory property 451,000 |. .
Cash vcwrreesens ce eenencincd ace 176,000 |..
Of the total capital employed in the fishing indus-
try, 43 per cent was invested in vessels and their out-
fits and boats and 15 per cent In apparatus of capture,
while 42 per cent represented the value of shore and
accessory property and the amount of cash reported.
Exclusive of shore and accessory property and cash,
the investment credited to fishing and transporting
the oyster catch largely exceeded the catch of all other
fishery products, amounting to nearly 50,000 tons on
this basis.
Products, by class of fisheries.—The products of the
vessel fisheries are shown, by species and apparatus of
capture, in Table 2, on page 235, and the products of
the shore and boat fisheries are similarly distributed
in Table 3, on page 236. The following tabular state-
ment gives the distribution, according to species, of
the total value of products reported for the state and
for the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries,
respectively:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES, see Shore and
Total. P boat
fisheries. fisheries
$1,752,000 || $1,198, 000 $554, 000
543, 000 314, 000 228, 000
158, 000 , 000 60, 000
Squeteague, or weakfi 72,000 31,000 41,000
Flatfish and flounders. 50,000 30, 000 19,000
alors Srecehderes 48, 000 47,000 900
COd wis sie veror'se 42,000 , 000 19,000
saiincieeash ak saateasaag eesosds 42,000 13, 000 29, 000
siaihe sisiseianin ai sicaltiaaneineine Swami , 000 21,000 4,200
ad geaieee eas Saed aumietaateene 18,000 18, 000 200
Baia Cau Gehabaintnres Saseece , 000 3,900 13, 000
Sisk Salamis 2 Saw enadaaee eae 12, 000 5,900 5,900
Risse avai eecieiniersinsa cisinicis canes a ReatSe 11, 000 8,500 2,500
DCS earctanecenteecaatn Bnweetwnesints aeee 11, 000 1,300 9,200
9,800 5, 400 4,500
Pollac oe 7, 800 4, 100 3,800
21,000 3,800 17,000
Oysters 969, 000 879, 000 90, 000
Lobster 152, 000 2, 200 150, 000
ClAIM So. -.-senrsican. nema Ses we esteewenine sem 77,000 900 76,000
BQ. oon enacts cise terete Gesnahcelaee ence! 6, 600 900 5,700
AI OUHBES ot ceti ce aes nesateanse Se ere aac etre caeine 3,800 100 3, 800
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
The vessel fisheries contributed a little more than
two-thirds of the total value of products, including
practically all of the value reported for the menhaden
and swordfish catches and 91 per cent of the total value
of the oyster product.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—In the following
tabular statement the value of products is distributed
according to apparatus of capture for all fisheries and
for the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat, fish-
eries separately:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Vessel Shore and
Total. fisheries. boat
i fisheries.
DOte) ew swscencies seine soaeensaiecedes $1, 752,000 || $1,198,000 $554,000
Dredges, tongs, and rakes................... 1,008, 000 879,000 129,000
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs............ 388, 000 196, 000 192, 000
Lobster and eel pots............-002222 22201 163,000 3;.600 159; 000
TADOS ss waaanenn naa aacemnas 55,000 35, 000 20,000
Seines sits aes spike ectnis | ReveNee 40, 000 33, 000 6, 900
Gilltiets . scien cecconrxiens 21,000 19, 000 1,900
Harpoons and spears... . 19,000 18,000 1,400
Beam trawls............ Se 14,000 12,000 1,500
Fyke and hoop nets.................--.2..-. 5,800 1, 600 4, 200
Minor apparatus..............0..22.22.-2005 39, 000 900 38, 000
The catch with dredges, tongs, and rakes consisted
of oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops, and the value
of the products taken in this way represented 58 per
,cent of the total value reported for all fisheries, nearly
three-fourths of the total value reported for the vessel
fisheries, and not quite one-fourth of the total value
reported for the shore and boat fisheries. In the latter
class of fisheries the catch with pound nets, trap nets,
and weirs led in value, the principal species taken by
these apparatus being scup, squeteague, and butterfish.
Oysters.—The total oyster yield in 1908 was 1,229,000
bushels, with a value of $969,000, of which 1,223,000
bushels, valued at $967,000, were market oystérs, and
5,500 bushels, valued at $2,500, were seed oysters.
All of the market oysters were from private areas, and
of the seed oysters 3,000 bushels were from public areas
and 2,500 bushels from private areas. Seven hundred
and twenty thousand bushels, valued at $590,000, were
reported as taken from Rhode Island oyster beds by
Connecticut fishermen. Recent canvasses have shown
a material increase in the market-oyster product of the
state, as indicated by the following tabular statement:
MARKET-OYSTER
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(bushels). | Value.
-1, 223, 000 $967, 000
755, 000 874, 000
516, 000 561, 000
457,000 505, 000
203, 000 272,000
Lobster.—The lobster catch formed an important
part of the shellfish products of the state. Compara-
tive figures for a series of years, as given in the follow-
ing tabular statement, show a general increase in the
quantity and value of the lobster product:
2338
LOBSTER PRODUCT.
YEAR. Sane
uantity
(pounds). Value.
1,425,000 | $152,000
530, 000 64, 000
397, 000 39, 000
578, 000 43, 000
456, 000 22,000
423,000 16, 000
The great increase in the lobster product during
recent years, and especially since 1905, is due largely
to the work of the Rhode Island Commission of Inland
Fisheries, which, as a result of numerous experiments,
has devised a method of rearing young lobsters until
they become able to care for themselves, and has thus
made it possible to increase greatly the number of lob-
sters inhabiting the waters of the state.
Scup.—This was the leading fish in value, represent-
ing 9 per cent of the value of all fishery products and
29 per cent of the value of the catch of fish proper.
The catch of scup for different years has been as fol-
lows:
SCUP PRODUCT.
YEAR. er
uanti
(pounds). Value.
4,616,000 | $158,000
5,540,000 | 138,000
-| 6,833, 000 161,000
6, 390, 000 76, 000
6, 064, 000 92, 000
The figures show a decrease in quantity together
with an increase in value since 1905, and a large
increase in average value since 1898.
Squeteague.—Of the fish proper, squeteague ranked
second with respect to the value of the catch in 1908.
The statistics for the various canvasses since 1880 are
as follows:
SQUETEAGUE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1908 2, 427,000 $72,000
2: 86,000
> 76, 000
64,000
406, 000 17,000
326, 000 (@)
1 Not reported separately.
The largest catch in respect to both quantity and
value was reported in 1905. The decrease in the catch
of this species shown in 1908 has been attributed to
the fact that, just as the squeteague were beginning
to run, target practice took place at Fort Greble, near
the mouth of Narragansett Bay. The firing of the
heavy guns is believed to have frightened the fish
away, although it has not been positively decided that
firing actually affects the run.
234
Flatfish and flounders.—These are important food
fishes and the total value of the catch shows an in-
crease for each year, as indicated by the following tabu-
lar statement, although the quantity has fluctuated:
PLATFISH AND
FLOUNDER PRODUCT,
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1,891, 000 $50, 000
1, 143, 000 35,000
1, 135, 000 28,000
1,710,000 28, 000
530, 000 12, 000
352, 000 (4)
1 Not reported separately.
Menhaden.—Owing to the irregular appearance of
this fish in great numbers in coastal waters and the
adverse weather conditions, there is great variation in
the catch for different years, as the tabular statement
in the next column shows.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
MENHADEN PRODUCT.
YEAR. pase
uantity
(pounds). Value.
17,942,000 | $48,000
1,026,000 3,000
471,000 1,200
3, 140, 000 7,600
112, 580, 000 281,000
68, 694, 000 222,000
The catch in 1908 shows a heavy increase over that
in 1898 and subsequent years, although it did not
reach the proportions attained in 1889 and 1880.
Practically all of the catch is consumed in the oil and
fertilizer industries. The average values are com-
paratively steady, ranging from a minimum of $4.84
per ton of 2,000 pounds for 1898 to a maximum of
$6.46 in 1880, the mean of the averages being $5.42
per ton, or substantially the same as the average for
1908.
TaBLE 1.—RHODE ISLAND—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
Get ts, t Fyke and hi Alloth
Pound nets, traps, : : ; yke and hoop other appa-
SPECIES. and weirs. Lines. Seines. Gillotets: nets. ratus.t
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity, Quantity
(pounds).} V@lue. |] Sounds). | Valve. (pounds).| V@!4¢-| (pounds). | V@!4*- | (pounds).| V9!¥*: |(pounds).| Value. (pounds).| Value.
Total. s sccmesincaciass.c 44, 254,000 |$1, 752, 000 |/19, 406,000 |$388, 000 1,828,000 /855,000 |10, 648, 000 |$40,000 | 593,000 [$21,000 | 241,000 | $5,800 |11, 538, 000 |$1, 242,000
288, 000 4,600 48,000 700 241,000
40, 000 3, 700 28, 000 1,100
3 2,000 TOO! | | sce oecoseceicsens | aye 1,000
-| 1,112,000 42,000 |) 1,101,000 7,000
5,000 300 ||..-..------ 1,000
COG: ei 2sagen Boog osenad 1, 497, 000 42,000 514, 000 983,000 } 28,000 |.........--
He lS oc cd cuenyer Sune cue 149, 000 11,000 305000.) 225.800. |siccnstais > erel|yo eas 1,000 113, 000
Flatfish and flounders.| 1,891,000 50,000 |} 1,050, 000 76,000 | 2,200 34, 000 496,000
Haddock.........-..-. 415, 000 11,000 61, 000 314,000 | 7,600 |......- waa
Hake. ncamasasessccene 2,300 100 1,500 500°, @) |eeesesevecs
PACTEIN Bisisjslemracace veks 214,000 1, 900 204,000 | 1,900 |..........
Kine fish. sc cwevesen ecu 1,000 100 1,000; 100]..........
Mackerel. ...... his 537, 000 25, 000 116, 000 70, 000
Mackerel, chub........ 379,000 9, 800 112,000 4,100 7,000
Menhaden..........._. 17, 942, 000 48,000 || 7,777,000 | 22,000 |.........-.
Perch, white........... 15,000 O00! [iveccdielescse's oe 2
Pickerel 600 TOO sisrarranera, seus
Pollack... 266, 000 7, 800 94,00
BCU sche nceeeeeenccias 4,616,000 158, 000 || 4,616,000
Sea bass............--. 197, 000 12,000 134;,000: | T15:000)| 133000) | L200 css oe orcicicl| 4 accarcent| tee iemisetetel tale ezaue ade eeean laSoecinae wma aseeae eaanceseae
iS)0¢: (see eee 4,500 400 200] 200 fesceccicccalonzacece! SOO) 100: 2)8009 200. bevcricanise- cous axe sa|seemescasen| seeaece cae
Silver hake, or whiting. 534, 000 3, 600 534, 000
BmMel b cecasrr eetnshe 1,200 100 1, 200
Squeteague, or weak-
OPIS Hide oe cco esd ss escape 2,427,000 72,000 }} 2,326,000 000 | 62,000 | 1,400 | 26,000 | 900 |.sees.csscfeseue.scleseereeeaec losses oe
Striped bass........... 34,000 4,700 30, 000 4,200 1,500 200 1,000 200 1,500 TOO: erties sks 62. cis lee Rese sieei eats diese
Swordfish. ............ 308, 000 18000 |e mayenie lMinaauienal lexis inmanan| seanndue Incanat cer ceil We auc cine) aecteeuais all anb cainah|dadeeu nenteca dames 308, 000 18, 000
Taugoes sx ccce ces saccat 458, 000 17,000 272, 000 9,000 | 171,000 | 6,900 9, 500 300 2,500 HOO) \pcicaack et teeecore 2,500 200
Allother.............. 6, 200 100 4, 800 2) T5005] HC) Nessoae ccc iceman sces be cpscar mad |aas aes] Sb adgancrasleeket sal awten cemealmeenacese
Crabs, hards.2<.ececsasee<e 146, 000 2,900
TODS tre: o cecsn sseosunee 2 1,425,000 152,000
Clams, hard (quahaugs)... . 162,000 39, 000
Clams, soft................ 275,000 38, 900
MUSSEIS ince ciecwircncenetase’ 3, 500 100
Oysters, market from pri-
Vate Areas ae sisi sicins ctr 28, 564,000 967000 | heres eye went eee viet | Praececciays elllasn r | aveeaehvetia s etilia sede el cibicietererelaiarallereraiadusansll & Se ectadeideercll mesure ee 38, 564,000 967, 000
Oysters, seed, from public
AICDS spe noneweee veneso: 421,000 TU Mires accese se Peace Gara Is eegaoieninia da aibelad opengl eles alla ees npeded ae awe smaaat Asawa lees Soma kealeneoteee 421,000 1,500
Oysters, seed, from private
BECOS (o2\5)5-ieaeietes soe sieen ae 5 18,000 PQOO | essa assess el sighs SSeeeeielNecoerd Ae peakel| Puedya Seas acaesenaeatrarcamyel | sapsheone asa Soest es | eeceacaeese Sil ame eetal aalcsciete ss 5 18,000 1,000
Periwinkles. 61,590 QO. [ie 21 eectioe els 200
Scallops. . 7 4,000 GOO | eSeensun'ieo Secale ees oan 600
SQUWIG nei. csneduaeaeheen 292,000 6,600 292,000 G5 B00! ec sscseparerseass|| 3 otastsiolers [aia cinerea ee meee mee | Semeeen ose yexrceenll enemas acers|Sce-icnialleaica adie asdladsdaleees
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, and rakes, 8,767,000 pounds, valued at $1,008,000; eel and lobster pots, 1,670,000 pounds, valued at $163,000;
harpoons and spears, 325,000 pounds, valued at $19,000; beam trawls, 496,000 pounds, valued at $14,000; and minor apparatus, 282,000 pounds, valued at $39,000.
2 Less than $100. 3 1,223,000 bushels. 43,000 bushels.
5 2,500 bushels. 6 100 bushels. 7 500 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 235
TaBLE 2.—RHODE ISLAND—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Pound nets, tra < .
SPECIES. nets, and were Lines. Seines. Gill nets. ae hoop | All a
Quantity Val Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity] Quantit
(pounds). alue. |] (Sounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
TOtal. cs cence yescmsccec 33, 903, 000 |$1, 198, 000 |/13, 111,000 |$196, 000 |1, 227,000 [$35,000 |10, 328,000 |$33,000 | 557,000 |$19,000 | 63,000 | $1,600 | 8,615,000 |$914, 000
Fish: ;
Alewives... 500i |) 3220001: »/b00Wrssencwanl sod clk yal came teccll sate avewallloa cate massed brdenneislveeectowe ce leideasoal| pewpeciniee ent eieeearedas
1,800 600 UU isn casecsaut tos Sea aces Selatendmeel emidawern|sacenens sonal ce areas
13,000 |; 357,000 | 13,000 |..........|.....2..]--2 2222. efi eee eee 4,000 LOO! |S cream acess lara deeeatel | aecnioeateies ieee sees
100
ante sake seashinestasts 23, 000
a ucGnememet acaba dese A B00, |b spent hereditary SMR el 14,000} 1,300
30, 000 616, 000 000
B00: | berteersia ate ere
600 46,000
21,000 51, 000
255, 000 5,400 ||.....22222.
17, 753, 000 47,000 || 7, 589, 000
134, 000 4,100 29,000
2,908, 000 98,000 || 2,908, 000
96, 000 5,900 89, 0
Squeteague, or weakfish .| 1,078,000 31,000 |) 1,023,000
Striped bass............. 1, 400 200 1,400
Swordfish... 305,000 18,000 |/...........
Tautog.... -| 123,000 3,900 102, 000
Whiting. 105, 000 700 105, 000
All other... 1,500
Crabs, hard. . 4,000
LobstOfise aoe eeeeweetseaenes cms 18,000
Clams, hard (quahaugs)...... 31,300
Clams, soft.......-..-------- 44,800 .
Oysters, market, from pri- | ‘
vate areas. ........---.---- 5 7,814, 000 STS, O00 sl |o5, i. 2.ca Sznciel ta Seeds saceueoes alte ear ee ea eter eemeees eeeaee eae sessaee lesa eure * .-|57, 814,000 | 878,000
Oysters, seed, from public |
ATCAS 3. c.ciiserci> oiziceicerds aeecererece! 6 2,800 DOO, revshedrasieal sec dece eles ee eyediekaek See sags eseelas emule ee Ames teeter tae aoa oe beeen a eee 6 2,800 200
Oysters, seed, from private |
ALOIS: wsyctecaneraurne dems 718,000 T2000)" | ceicccaraeenel|t sematarre| dee atin neal Matec sel coke sos acts [retinal ha dgeelI vee ciaacics|aAacuae sen ee eeeees 718,000 1,000
Squid ses scissetanmeaeeoescks 53, 000 900 53,000 OOM ceze arama ee eevee Soe asians NAG DI oaN SOS Seals de ichotee l anelsauseis as tandem petals wees Rae eeees
\Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, and rakes,
beam trawls, 433,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; eel and belt pats, ae pounds,
43 ushels.
2 Less than $100.
3 200 bushels.
6 1,116,000 bushels.
* 400 bushels.
1 2,500 bushels
7,835,000 pounds, valued at $879,000; harpoons and spears, 305,000 pounds, valued at $18,000;
valued at $3.600; and minor apparatus, 6,100 pounds, valued at $900.
236 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 8.—RHODE ISLAND—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
see Pound F All oth
ound nets, trap . . yke and hoop A other appa-
SPECIES. nets, and weirs. Lines. Seines. nets. Gill nets. ratus. !
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtalls ccs, jansccavncemeamense 10, 351,000 | $554,000 |/6, 295,000 [$192,000 | 601,000 |$20,000 | 320,000 | $6,900 | 178,000 | $4,200 35,000 | $1,900 |2, 922, 000 |$329, 000
Fish:
Al@wivesinecc.csscetenteecan: 256, 000 4,100 15,000
Bluefish... 22,000 1,900 13, 000
Bullheads... 2,000 100
Butterfish......... 6 751, 000
Chogset, or cunner........... 2,000
Cod... 684, 000
Eels... 135, 000
Flatfish 712,000
Haddock 93, 000
1,800
169, 000
1, 000
99, 000
124, 000
189, 000
Perch, white. 15,000
Pickerel 600
Silver hake, or whiting.
SMC]. owca ene agave
Striped bass
Swordfish...
Tautog..-. —
All other ...25: ss2cceeceeeress
Clams, hard (quahaugs) .
Clams, soft.......-.- er
Mussels... 2222220202.
Oysters, seed, from pub
Periwin leg sissicceieosess-cadiscrenesawecic a
718,000
65, 000
1,708, 000
95, 000
1,200
430, 000
1,303, 000
170,000
240, 000
142,000 | 2,800
1,406, 000 | 150,000
“12161, 000 | 39, 000
:|4271,000 | 37,000
5 3,500 100
-| § 749,000 | 89,000
1,300
718,000 ;
8 17500 2
9 4,000 600
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Eel and lobster pots, 1,633,000 pounds, valued at $159,000; dredges, tongs, and rakes, 932,000 pounds, valued at $129,000;
beam trawls, 63,000 pounds, valued at $1,500; harpoons and spears, 20,000 pounds, valued at $1,400; and minor apparatus, 274,000 pounds, valued at $38,000.
2 Less than $100. 3 20,000 bushels.
427,000 bushels. 5 400 bushels. 6 107,000 bushels. 72,600 bushels. 8 100 bushels.
§ 500 gallons.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The value of the fishery products of South Carolina
in 1908 was less than the value reported for any other
South Atlantic state. Oysters contributed nearly half
of the total value, while shad was the most valu-
able species of fish proper. A canning industry of
considerable extent located at Charleston disposed of
a large part of the oyster product, and of small quan-
tities of mullet, shrimp, and clams.
The following statement presents a summary of the
statistics of the fishing industry for 1908:
Number of persons employed ............2....-222..-.-.. 2, 559
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ................. $92, 000
Apparatus of capture... 2.2....000.00020.0.0 202 c eee 16, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash. ............. 5, 400
Value of prod tiete: occas ecg ctoeleleeeee go setae eeu vne ves 288, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses—From, the
tabular statement given below, which presents com-
parative statistics for the years for which canvasses
of the South Carolina fisheries have been made, it will
be seen that the canvass of 1887 showed a decrease in
both quantity and value of products, as compared
with the preceding canvass, but that each subsequent
canvass has shown an increase in these items. In-
creases in the number of persons employed and in the
capital invested in equipment, which took place
between 1880 and 1890, were followed by decreases in
1897, but increases were reported in 1902 and 1908,
although the number of persons employed in 1908 was
less than the number employed in 1890.
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
cuts,
ploye
YEAR. exclu-” bra a nas
sive of . PP Quantit
Total. || boats, in- |; ratus of Value.
shores- cluding | capture. || (P°wds).
eB. outfit
1008. coho sansa 2,530 ||$109, 000 $92,000 | $16,000 |) 14,104,000 |$288, 000
1902 a esac adver verccces 2,178 82,000 62,000 | 19,000 |} 8,174,000 | 263,000
1ROT) orssxeniaacicamewecs 1,934 80, 000 50,000 | 31,000 5,280,000 | 210,000
ER90 .o.oa-cdromistesicnsiecic! 2,577 83, 000 61,000 | 22,000 4,945,000 | 203,000
WERT wim aac ecvtal 1,255 59, 000 46,000 | 13,000 4,076,000 | 158, 000
1880 sees ecessaycncex 964 51,000 (2) (2) 6, 143,000 | 213,000
1 Does not include fisheries above tidewater. 2 Not reported separately.
Persons employed.—The following tabular statement
gives statistics as to the persons employed in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
. 6 Proprie-
tors and a Wages.
inde- age-
Total. pendent | earners.
fisher-
men.
Total: nics dvamsstetes chtecen essing 2,559 11,634 925 |} 2 $85,000
coe fisheries... C ACASRASCNAASE An % “ = ae
ransporting vessels... .- sr 2,
Shore and baat fisheries 1,586 oy 2 ane
Shoresmen....---------+--2+eece creer eee] 29 Yee eee eee A
1 Exclusive of 47 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $25.
237
All of the shoresmen were employed in shore and
boat fisheries. The independent fishermen in the
shore and boat fisheries largely outnumbered those
employing wage-earners. The low average amount
of wages paid indicates that a large number of the
wage-earners were employed for only a part of the
time.
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement gives the value of the equipment and the
amount of other capital employed, the number and
tonnage of vessels, and the number of boats employed
in the fisheries of the state:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL:
1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. Tonnage.
S114 000: | sswcitieaicauin paiecisGes tee
Vessels, including outfit
Fishing...................-.1--.--
Steam and motor.
Transporting... ..-. ee
Steam and motor...............-..--
Sai
Apparatus of capture
Vessel fisheries...
Shore and boat fisheries........... aH
Shore and accessory property.....----..-----
CAST cs ssi eve eee mee 8G tee eae E ee ReSS o46
All the cash capital and shore and accessory prop-
erty pertained to shore and boat fisheries. The total
investment was therefore distributed as follows: In
shore and boat fisheries, $63,000; in vessel fisheries,
$44,000; and in transporting vessels, $7,700.
The investment in fishing vessels and their outfits
and that in boats were substantially the same. To-
gether they represented nearly three-fourths of the
total capital. Of the investment in apparatus of
capture, only a small portion pertained to the vessel
fisheries. The numbers of the more important kinds of
apparatus reported, all of which with the exception of
one seine were employed in the shore and boat fisher-
ies, were as follows:
BOW Nets sew seein vs aoe y hinekeeamedes 354 ciadomueeed ess 12
Cast Mets euish ioe 32 asae Gee ceaisals Sag seen mem emus bee 281
DIP MCI ss Geet 4t23 anne a seen cihieus bags ote 20
Gall NES s..bateacan sens oSe oak ceeeeee yale eee eee eee esas 269
Hlarpovns, BPCArs; CbE 2 s.5 sisicteiai taveuietisce goes ay sa awe ae 26
DOiles ne sa sie dean es oe ye see ve es osecis Rode eke eves 27
Shrimp neta. +s. s2s ses. Ss sesseueebsiod eects x ;tieeeveciene Ys 92
Products, by species.— Table 1, on page 240, gives
the fishery products of the state, by species and by
apparatus of capture. Though a large number of
species are represented, oysters contributed 78 per
cent of the total weight and 48 per cent of the total
value. The value of the catch of fish proper constituted
43 per cent of the total value of products. Shad was
238 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
the leading species of fish proper, and represented
one-third of the value of fish reported and 14 per cent
of the value of all products.
Products, by class of fisheries.—The following tabular
statement shows the distribution of the value of
products, according to species, for the state and for
each class of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore
Total. ‘os and boat
‘ fisheries.
T Ota -si2ss cs eeeeesewaes ob <eiesgeaeneh Ge $288, 000 $68, 000 $220, 000
Ps oa cht edvumne chamnanamen oa cahaden aaa 123, 000 22, 000 101, 000
NOG ccpctciesiniare deecctelnwigeies ta seca oe 41000. ll ce tncarccee:s 41,000
BOA DASS ysdaeive cei eerezacicw mess 22,000 17,000 4,400
Mullet..2ccccscce cect ocanete eases 19, 000 2,000 17, 000
Whiting. _.- 17,000 200 17, 000
es a 8, 700 400 F
All other... .-- 15, 000 1,800 13, 000
Oysters... ..22+-.- 137, 000 46, 000 90, 000
Shrimp and prawn. . SOOO: | Secaiescerascee 19, 000
Clams, Ward scrnieccst: 2g eercinaiets a cauieewaaies ste Gs SOO! || eins we sicicvarereye 6, 300
AM Othet. .cssssecnee ese eee 8,400 |]... 2s. cceee 3,400
Statistics of the products of the vessel fisheries of
the state, by species and by apparatus of capture, are
given in Table 2, on page 240. The value of the
products reported for these fisheries formed 24 per
cent of the value of all products. Oysters contributed
68 per cent of the value of the vessel fishery products,
and the bulk of the fish catch consisted of sea bass.
Statistics of the products of the shore and boat
fisheries of the state, by species and apparatus of cap-
ture, are given in Table 3, on page 241. This class of
fisheries contributed 76 per cent of the value of all
fishery products, but not quite so large a percentage of
the total quantity. The value of oysters represented
41 per cent of the value of the shore and boat prod-
uct, and that of fish proper 46 per cent. All crusta-
ceans and mollusks, other than oysters, were taken in
the shore and boat fisheries. Shad was the leading
species of fish, and its value formed considerably over
one-third of the value of the catch of fish proper.
The mullet product and the whiting product were
practically equal in value.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The following
tabular statement shows the distribution of the value
of products, according to apparatus of capture used,
for the state and for each class of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Shore
Total. ae, and boat
R fisheries.
TO tal bie ewe erect ox seers ba eeeeleeeen $288, 000 $68, 000 $220, 000
Dredses tongs, C0G. 22.522. c tient ae dene 143, 000 46, 000 96, 000
Lines 59, 000 19,000 41,000
435,000) |leceisieine oaeee 43, 000
19,000: || cicrersicisrs 2:2 cine 19, 000
16,000 3, 300 13, 000
85.200) || waanzie ce ee 8, 200
Dredges, tongs, etc., were used in securing the
oyster product and most of the unimportant clam
product. To this form of apparatus 78 per cent of the
total quantity and 50 per cent of the total value of
products are credited.
The value of the products taken by lines formed
20 per cent of the total value of fishery products in
the state. Sea bass and whiting, the most important
species caught by lines, together contributed 65 per
cent of the total value of the line catch. Over two-
thirds of the value of the line catch was reported from
the shore and boat fisheries. In this class of fisheries
lines took products valued at 19 per cent of the total
value; and in vessel fisheries, where the line catch con-
sisted mostly of sea bass, they took products valued at
28 per cent of the total value.
Gill nets ranked third in value of catch, contributing
15 per cent of the value of the total fishery product.
They were used only in the shore and boat fisheries;
the value of the products taken by these nets was
slightly greater than the value of the catch by lines in
this class of fisheries, the proportions which the values
of the two catches represented of the total value of the
shore and boat product being 20 per cent and 19 per
cent, respectively. Shad contributed 92 per cent of
the value of the gill-net catch.
The catch by cast nets supplied 7 per cent of the
value of the state product. Their use «was confined to
the shore and boat fisheries, the catch with this class
of apparatus, which consisted of shrimp, prawn, and.
mullet, contributing 9 per cent of the total value of
products reported for these fisheries.
The value of the product taken by means of seines
represented 6 per cent of the value of the state
product. Eighty-five per cent of the seine catch in
quantity consisted of mullet, and was taken chiefly in
the shore and boat fisheries.
Oysters—All of the oysters reported were market
oysters, and the bulk of the product was from public
areas, the quantity taken from private areas forming
slightly less than 6 per cent of the total. The greater
part of the oyster product was used by the canneries.
Prices were low in 1908, the average being less than 9
cents per bushel, while some fishermen received as
little as 4 cents.
The increase in the yield of oysters has been steady
and rapid since 1887, and is largely accountable for
the increase shown by the total fishery product of the
state since that year.
Though ranking among the leading fishery products
of the state in 1880, oysters did not outrank all other
kinds of products until 1897, and the canvass of 1902
was the first in which the quantity of the yield of oys-
ters exceeded that of all other species combined. The
quantity of the product in 1908 was more than two and
one-fourth times that in 1902.
FISHERIES,
OYSTER PRODUCT.
Value.
YEAR.
Quantit
(bushels). Avera e per
Amount. bushe.
(cents).
1, 563, 000 $137,000 9
690, 000 118,000 17
215, 000 45,000 21
63, 000 23,000 37
38,000 19, 000 50
50,000 20,000 40
Shad.—Shad ranked second in importance, con-
tributing 14 per cent of the value of the total yield
and a third of that of the catch of fish proper.
The entire product was taken in the shore and boat
fisheries, and its value composed 19 per cent of the
value of the total catch of such fisheries. These fish
were caught almost entirely with gill nets. The fluc-
tuations in the quantity and value of the catch for a
number of years are shown in the following tabular
statement:
SIAD PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
464, 000 $41,000
434,000 21,000
506, 000 28,000
563,000 41,000
366,000 23,000
208, 000 12,000
Sea bass—The catch of sea bass was somewhat
larger in quantity than that of shad, but its value was
only a little over half as great. Though second in
importance among the fish proper, sea bass furnished
but 8 per cent of the value of all products of the South
Carolina fisheries. The value of the sea bass taken in
the vessel fisheries, however, constituted 25 per cent
of the total value of products and 77 per cent of the
value of the fish proper reported for such fisheries.
The bulk of the product was taken in the vessel
‘fisheries with lines. The following tabular statement
gives statistics of the sea-bass product for those years
for which figures are available:
BY STATES. 239
SEA-BASS PRODUCT.
YEAR. Q
uantit t
@aunds. Value.
491,000 $22,000
710, 000 27,000
632, 000 , 000
826, 000 26,000
889, 000 29,000
Mullet—Mullet represented 7 per cent of the value
of the total fishery product of the state. Nearly 90
per cent of the value of the catch was reported for the
shore and boat fisheries, and over two-thirds of the
value represented product taken with seines. Of the
total product, nearly a sixth was salted. The product
for 1908 shows a large increase over that of former
years, as is indicated by the following tabular state-
ment:
MULLET PRODUCT.
YEAR. @
uantit,
(pounds). Value.
664,000 $19, 000
902 139, 000 3,800
ae 56,000 1,100
90. 388, 000 9, 400
300, 000 10,000
D880 eoicricaniceactanns acaiuinsas oenee ernie Tease eietesas eRe 232,000 7,200
Whiting —The catch of this species had a value
equal to 6 per cent of the value of the total state
product. Though in quantity the catch of whiting
was less than half as great as that of mullet, in value it
ranked little below the latter, as a result of the higher
price paid for whiting on the market. This fish was
taken almost wholly in the shore and boat fisheries
and with lines. The whiting catch in 1908 was con-
siderably less than in former years, as is indicated by
the following tabular statement:
WHITING PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
274,000 $17,000
606, 000 30,000
638, 060 28,000
524,000 21,000
618, 000 19,000
240 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 1.—SOUTH CAROLINA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Gill nets. Cast nets. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total. cccceccecesessecsces 14,104,000 | $288,000 || 1,388,000 | $59,000 566,000 | $43,000 404,000 | $19,000 567,000 | $16,000 | 11,180,000 | $151,000
Fish:
7,400
11,000
20, 000
85,000
Drum (salt-water), or chan-
Nel Dass) cwiscccesisicegraciecia 109, 000
Flounders 4,700
Grouper 40,000
Hickory shad.. 3,100
ullet....... 664, 000
Pompano. 4,200
Red snapper.....--.-....... 12,000
Sailor’s choice. : 34, 000
Sea bass... = 491,000
Shad. .....222220..2 ee eee eee 464, 000
DDBPK eoatesuc ocean eos 72,000
Sheepshead... 20, 000
pot.....-. 66, 000
Squeteague _ 183, 000
Striped bass................ 5,000
Whiting... wie 274, 000
Yellowtail. eeee 17,000
AAD OtHEL ss eaesccsineasecses 2,200
Crabs; bard ?.s.6.o5-0-ckees-cece 33, 000
Shrimp and prawn.. aa 452,000
BOTA PUM. o3.2s cass eerste eaesias 12,000
Clams, hard.......-....-.....-- 376,000 6, 300 376, 000 6, 300
Oysters, market, from public
: .---|410, 331,000 | 129,000 410, 331, 000 129, 000
ate
5 610,000 8,000 5610, 000 8,000
6100 () 6100 (2)
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 11,014,000 pounds, valued at $143,000; shrimp nets, 111,000 pounds, valued at $3,700; bow nets, 15,000
pounds, valued at $1,200; dip nets, 22,000 pounds valued at 2800; harpoons, spears, etc., 3,900 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 14,000 pounds, valued at $2,300.
2 Less than $100. 39,500 bushels. 41,476,000 bushels. 6 87,000 bushels. 625 hides.
TaBLeE 2.—SOUTH CAROLINA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES: Dredges, tongs, etc. Lines. Seines.
Quantit : Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
POG) 422 cies ne Sacahebi ced desk aeeee tt eee ee eee eSS 4,329,000 $68, 000 3, 820,000 346,000 435,000 $19, 000 74,000 $3,300
Fish:
TOA HOR 22: 2p5/2)5,Gpodsstccersyersccey ars eam crape alan Ge wes ee neers 2,000 2,000 100
40,000 | «8,000 Wncecececsesceclesseeenssess| 40,000) = 1000) |ociescceeicccessccese sca aes
50,000 50,000 2,000
22000) MOO etemecmecxecelecetecinscsc|| 2 IODO YT BOO teccccteicters csssevricss ci[ rene ctcveiesevsceises
385,000 5,000 200
POs a rcictais siciscid oes se cima cea aeteeoeet apegie seed Seacists 6,000 6, 000 200
Squeteague. . 5,000 5,000 400
Whiting....... 4,000 4,000 200
Yellowtail..... 2,000 2,000 100
All other Fp200' MOO i tarcsesciscntomamielacwuniseacecaf, ° 2200, MOO Ihasaccadeccums lace eaaenaccie
Oysters, market, from public areas.............-.-.-2-2------ 13,705, 000 45,000 3, 705, 000 45/000, IIs ss miecnveeesets = Salke semeesiaeces laste Seen os leer eee
Oysters, market, from private areas 2115, 000 1,100 115, 000 Dy LOO) || ss csvscrcteseinrorsin sal ske- x cepraperansts, euestenissiqnarasdenids late lace: ave biotite
1 529,000 bushels.
2 16,000 bushels.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
241
Taste 3.—SOUTH CAROLINA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Lines. Cast nets. ® Seines. All other apparatus. !
Quantit Quantity Quantit: Quantit uantit uantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (oanniise. Value. Gama | Value. Game Value.
Total cscs sainwse arene de 9,776,000 | $220,000 566,000 | $43,000 953,000 | $41,000 404,000 | $19,000 493,000 | $13,000 | 7,360,000 | $104,000
Fish:
Bluefish. c20ccsecedeaseacex 7, 400
Beams s:0se seasicsjessiowiora scree 11,000
CAthSh oc:s censieissarcinemareists 20,000
Channel bass............... 25, 000
CrOsker ivr iwcwetesis saewetes 83, 000
Drum, salt-water 83, 000
Flounders . 4, 700
Hickory sh: 3,100
Mullet...... 525,000
Mullet, salted 89, 000
Pompano........ 4,200
Sailor’s choice. 34,000
Sea bass....... 106, 000
had.......... 464,000
SHAPE, + ieadeinentdeciceenjeecans 72, 000
Sheepshead...........-.-.-- 20,000
OG: wie idre ters see 60, 000
Squeteague.....- 178,000
Striped bass 5,000
Whiting........... sea 270,000
Yellowtail.............----- 15,000
Crabs, hard .sc0.c05.sesecentese< 33, 000
Shrimp and prawn a 452,000
Terrap ities csccccsdacuss sects 12,000
3 76, 000 3 76,000
46,626, 000 46,626,000
5 496,000 5 496, 000
6 100 6100
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 7,194,000 pounds, valued at $96,000, shrimp nets, 111,000 pounds, valued at $3,700; bow nets, 15,000
pounds, valued at $1,200; dip nets, 22,000 pounds, valued at $800; harpoons, spears, etc., 3,900 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 14,000 pounds, valued at $2,300.
2.
2 Less than $100. 89,500 bushels.
SOUTH DAKOTA.
The commercial fisheries of South Dakota, which
were never very extensive, showed a decided decline
at the canvass of 1908. Possibly as a result of the
stringent laws which during the past few years have
restricted fishing without a permit in the inland
waters to that with hook and line, the figures shown are
smaller than those for any previous year for which
statistics are obtainable. The industry was pursued
principally on the Missouri River, while by permit and
under the supervision of the game warden, fish were
taken from Lake Kampeska and the Dakota River.
The principal statistics concerning the fishing industry
of the state are as follows:
Number of persons employed. ..-.---+----++++++2+-2e5000+ 33
Capital:
Bata .o.5o cs dae ye ce eegeee sues seaasean cess hes geet seioers $400
Apparatus of capture...-..--------++++2e5e reset rretee 500
Shore and accessory property. ...-------+---+-++--50e0 100
Value of products......--.----+2e2e-cecter eer rctetettttt 4, 200
Of the 33 persons engaged in fishing, 29 were pro-
prietors and independent fishermen and 4 were wage-
earners, the latter receiving the sum of $300 for their
services. In 1899 the number of fishermen reported
was 72 and in 1894 the number was 121.
76786°—11——_16
4947,000 bushels.
671,000 bushels, 6 25 hides.
The statistics as to equipment and other capital are
given in the following tabular statement:
EQUIPMENT AND
OTHER CAPITAL:
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. 1008;
Number.
Wooden trapsia eso eccc cvtin cs cicineen ci cs citecciewiececie ce é
Shore and accessory property.........-.-.-- isda oiaenays laiScsuetesers tees
In 1899 the investment in boats, as reported by the
Bureau of Fisheries, was $600 and the investment in
apparatus of capture $800. Thus there were de-
creases in investment between 1899 and 1908 amount-
ing to 33 per cent in the case of boats and 38 per cent
in the case of apparatus of capture, these decreases
being in keeping with the reduction of over one-half
in the number of persons employed.
In 1899 the fishery products of the state were re-
ported as amounting to 136,000 pounds, valued at
$6,900. The decrease in value of products shown in
242
1908, as compared with 1899, was almost 40 per cent.
In 1894, the only other year for which statistics of the
fishery products of this state are available, the catch
amounted to 417,000 pounds, valued at $13,000. The
larger part of the catch in each of these former
years was taken from the Missouri, Dakota, Vermilion,
and Big Sioux Rivers.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The products of the state in 1908 are shown, by
species and by apparatus of capture, in the following
table. The catch reported with seines and pound nets
was confined to Lake Kampeska and the Dakota
River, where such fishing was carried on under the
supervision of the game warden.
SOUTH DAKOTA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
ed
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
apncins. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Willow traps. Pound nets.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit: ' Quantit uantit
(pounds). Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. oande). Value ea Value. Gonna Value.
70,000 $4,200 36, 000 $1, 600 12,000 $1, 200 11,000 $1,000 4, 400 $400 5, 500 $100
20,000 DOOD) || <.s:e.g:scetssersrsleis'|esstsieisisiogieie 11,000 1,100 6,700 700 2,800 800. |e<tcsemermrse |e tocetcen
32,000 1,200 25,000 1,000 600 (@) 1,000 100 600 @) 5,000 100
12,000 700 9,000 500 1,100 100 1,300 100 1,000 HOO) sco ct veces eaweinaoeins
1,800 100, || scciace qaecess| aaemeesioa|tackeseesk seca y semoe 1,800 TOO! | 2 siceecncins cael|s neepecieg leerebessses| ewe dememcis
3,200 100 2, 500 Ge | |seimesncsceciesciecsaee 200 LOO: | axseoremeaoeerils sex bees: 500 Q)
1 Less than $100.
TENNESSEE. Tennessee Rivers accounted for the remaining 38 per
The fisheries of Tennessee in 1908 were of the shore
and boat class only, and were conducted on the Mis-
sissippi River and its tributary waters, comprising
chiefly Reelfoot Lake, Open Lake, and Hatchee River;
and in the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. In this
report the fisheries of the last two rivers are considered
apart from the others. A summary of the statistics
for Tennessee for 1908 is given in the following tabular
statement:
Number of persons employed............---.-----+-+---- 427
Capital:
IBOAtSr sted a el ss oe OOS OLR Le ae oe es $9, 400
Apparatus of capture... ........2-2225-- 22 eee eee eee 27, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash. ..........-..- 13, 000
Valuevol productssconc.cn% ve pain gisstteles hides Seaweeds 112, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—With the ex-
ception of the number of persons employed, every
item of the data for the fisheries of Tennessee shows a
substantial increase in 1908, as compared with prior
years. The following tabular statement presents com-
parative statistics for those years for which figures
are available:
cent. Only 67 fishermen, or 16 per cent of the total
number of persons engaged in the fisheries of the
state, were wage-earners, the remainder being proprie-
tors or independent fishermen.
The following tabular statement gives the data con-
cerning persons employed in the fisheries of Tennessee
in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number.
DISTRICT.
Proprie-
tors and | Wage- Wages.
Total. ||independ-) earn-
ent fish-| ers.
ermen.
427 1360 67 || 2$12,000
263 232 31 8,100
164 128 36 4,100
1 Exclusive of four proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the valae of $700.
Equipment and other capital.—The distribution of
the investment in the fisheries of Tennessee is shown
in the following tabular statement:
Persons || VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
em-
ployed,
peers exclusive Appa- Quantit
of shores- |} Total. || Boats. | ratus of ( oundst: Value.
men. capture. iy 3
1908 . 427 |$37,000 || $9, 400 |$27,000 4,506,000 | $112,000
1899. 424 |) 31,000 7,100 | 24,000 2,775, 000 88, 000
1894. 503 |) 24,000 4,900 | 19,000 2,445, 000 83,000
Persons employed.—The fisheries of the Mississippi
River district reported 62 per cent of the total number
of persons employed and those of the Cumberland and
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. Gumber-
Mississippi land and
Total. River
district. orig
Total’. az smacnesenaeesieseieeascetatess s $50, 000 $42, 000 $7, 500
ROO Faris cc cke anes yareabeanubadacensees x 9, 400 7,100 2,300
Steam and motor...........-..-2--2--+- 2,900 2,300 600
Row and other.............2-..-.--0200+ 6, 400 4,700 1,700
Apperattis of CAPLOCE. oc sccanscsiacerwewan es 27,000 23,000 4, 400
Shore and accessory property - Say eaistesars 13,000 12,000 800
Gasliys 515. siavcietcncsermiais nc sixcciaisrasanctciabaveleicharehetnerenstetcie 500 500 | seiaiardieinericieis
j FISHERIES, BY STATES.
The Mississippi River district is credited with 85 per
cent of the total investment in the fisheries of the
state. The investment in this district included 75 per
cent of the total investment in boats for the state, 84
per cent of that in apparatus of capture, 93 per cent
of that in shore and accessory property, and the total
amount of cash reported. The Mississippi River dis-
trict reported 10 of the 12 steam and motor boats and
218 of the 387 boats included under the head ‘‘Row
and other.”
The numbers of the more important kinds of appa-
ratus of capture used, all of which, with the exception
of 699 fyke and hoop nets reported for the Cumberland
and Tennessee’ Rivers, were used in the Mississippi
River district,»were as follows:
Fyke and hoop nets... 2.22.02. 2 2222 2, 904
POUR TC 08 222 ts0.9 Sacco nae ee Ae pimenae see a eae ses 19
BOING cca. ds, aeaunca tee ate han eam aaa am a enhag nes At 8
SHAM PAPAS :2c dae eaeab be sxe la es gence pacman 50
Spearsand gigs... se ess soccs e oeed nau emule de sus emanecaces 63
Trammel nets...... 2-22.22. eee 28
Products, by species.—The distribution of the fishery
products of the state, by species and by apparatus of
capture, is shown in Table 1, on page 244.
The most important products in respect to value
were buffalo fish, catfish, mussel shells, pearls, and
slugs, and black bass; these products representing 62
per cent, or about five-eighths, of the total value of
products for the state.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The products of the
Mississippi River district and of the Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers are given in detail, by species and
apparatus of capture, in Tables 2 and 3, on page 245.
The following tabular statement distributes the
value of products, by species arranged in the order of
value, for the state and for each district:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES, Mississippi puaher
Total. River Tennessee:
district. F
Rivers.
TOtAl cence beepers ce nuines one $112, 000 $73, 000 $39,000
ISD opone 2 cis cea cyaraiscin nartinn PR SIAERY BET EeR AS 97,000 Oe a 2 ony
(Burfi alo fish. 2 v3.cc2 nese snckhe SReROEAeY VE 22,000 19, 2
Catfish - an meeueeaee 20, 000 11,000 8,700
Black bass. ....-.- 13,000 12, 000 100
Drum, fresh-water.....---------- 9, 500 2,000 7,500
Carp, German......-..-.-------- 8, 200 6, 600 1,600
Crappie. ......---- 7,800 7,600 200
Fa distin 7,500 7,100 300
All other.......-------- 9, 200 5, 600 3, 600
Mussel shells, pearls, and slu| — 14, 000 seaweed 8 aon 14,000
AlLOthetsce<2dncaincmsx cc coesscuwsnies Senta 1, 200 1,200: |: se2c0s sees
The fish products proper amounted in the aggregate
to 2,330,000 pounds, or 52 per cent of the total weight
of all fishery products, and were valued at $97,000, or
87 per cent of the total value. Of the total value of
products reported for the Mississippi River district,
the value of fish proper constituted 98 per cent; but
the proportion was only 65 per cent in the case of the
fisheries of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers.
243
Practically all of the black bass, crappie, and paddle-
fish, as well as a large part of the buffalo fish, catfish,
and German carp, were obtained from the Mississippi
River district. The only fish which was more abun-
dant in the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers than in
the Mississippi River was the fresh-water drum, the
product of which, however, was less in quantity and
value than the catfish product of the first two rivers.
The mussel-shell products, including pearls and slugs,
contributed 35 per cent of the value of the fishery
products of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers.
The combined catch of the Mississippi River and its
tributary waters, exclusive of the Tennessee and Cum-
berland Rivers, was 1,993,000 pounds, valued at
$73,000, while that of the Tennessee and Cumberland
Rivers was 2,513,000 pounds, valued at $39,000. The
value reported for the former district formed 65 per
cent of the value of all the fishery products of the
state.
The following tabular statement gives in detail the
products of the Reelfoot Lake fisheries in 1908:
FISHERY PRODUCTS OF
REELFOOT LAKE: 1908.
SPECIES.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
MOtal so 2s ateigaguiieencse hoteceeke Beas Senegsta se nede 1,147,000 343, 000
PSD 2 joan i2essyece Sioresesesepieieg See 1,142,000 42,000
Black bass 174, 000 12,000
Buffalo fish 312,000 7,800
ales ees, 174, 000 7,000
Paddlefish 142,000 5, 700
CONIAR dance sipeaesiasccors 3,000 600
Bream, or sunfish 144,000 3,500
CathiSh.o.cenvevcsscisees 82, 000 2,900
Carp, German 62, 000 1,500
All other. ssveveccces.es 49,000 1,000
SHOT OPS wecpapsncete rey ahrsicetiegl sisi Sanka an uesa a alisase cole eas asBl branes See 5,000 1,000
Products, by apparatus of capture-—The following
tabular statement shows the distribution, by apparatus
of capture, of the value of the fishery products reported
for the state as a whole and for the two districtsinto
which it is divided:
VALUE OF PRODUCTs: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS. Mississippi paper
Total. River T
ee ennessee
district. Rivers.
PANG LAM ed nay able ett hed tere es i ghee $112, 000 $73, 000 $39, 000
Fyke and hoop nets 45,000 31,000 14,000
IMCS aie cimaiecedaine nie siinenis Paras oat 32,000 21,000 11,000
Crowfoot dredges, etc.. 14,000) ||ceexecccss. 14,000
SENS 5.2 cna scene 8, 700 85 MOO Wn cicrcinpsici canted
Tramiel ets oye ese we vee eee ease ce staeiesmate 7, 600 Ej OOO! fe eassctesic ke ecu
PANT OLE ices ves erie arene ls 43 3 erie inigisen oop 5 asnisjevsseaoce 5, 200 55. 200! || sscisisecigcnee ve
The value of the catch by fyke and hoop nets rep-
resented 40 per cent of the value of all the fishery
products of Tennessee. Lines ranked next in value
of catch, taking nearly all of the black bass, the larger
part of the catfish, and all of the eels. Crowfoot
dredges were used exclusively in the mussel-shell and
pearl industries.
244
Principal species.—The value of the catch of buffalo
fish formed 20 per cent of the value of all fishery
products. The quantity of buffalo fish caught de-
creased from 862,000 pounds in 1899 to 704,000 pounds
in 1908, or 18 per cent, while the value increased from
$19,000 to $22,000, or 19 per cent. Only 15 per cent
of the value reported for this fish is credited to the
Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, much the larger
part representing the value of product from the Mis-
sissippi River and its tributaries.
Catfish ranked second in importance, with a value
but little less than that reported for buffalo fish.
The catch of catfish decreased in quantity and in
value between 1899 and 1908.
The mussel-shell and pearl industry was carried on
only on the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers.
Although this branch of the state’s fisheries was not
introduced into Tennessee until after 1899, it has
developed rapidly, the product for 1908 amounting to
2,170,000 pounds, valued at $14,000. Of the total
value, $9,400 represented the value of the mussel shells
and $4,200 that of the pearls and slugs.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The catch of black bass increased from 142,000
pounds, valued at $8,700, in 1899, to 177,000 pounds,
valued at $13,000, in 1908. Practically all of this
product in 1908, 174,000 pounds, was caught in Reel-
foot Lake.
Of the fresh-water drum reported, 50 per cent of
the total weight and 79 per cent of the total value
were credited to the Cumberland and Tennessee
Rivers. This species shows a large decrease in quan-
tity and a small decrease in value, the catch in
1899 being 311,000 pounds, valued at $11,000, and
that in 1908 amounting to 204,000 pounds, valued. at
$9,500.
The German-carp product increased in quantity and
value between 1899 and 1908 in Tennessee, as in most
of the other states of the Mississippi Valley. A large
quantity, representing 91 per cent of the weight and
80 per cent of the value of the German carp reported
for this state, was caught in the Mississippi River dis-
trict. The catch of crappie has also increased in quan-
tity and in value while that of paddlefish has decreased
in quantity but increased in value since 1899.
TaBLE 1.—TENNESSEE—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY— ‘
opus Fyke and h All oth
yke and hoop ; ; ; other appa-
oprcies: nets. Lines. Seines. Trammel nets. Spears and gigs. tatus.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Mota sei ck Suess 4, 506.000 | $112,000 }| 1,159,000 |$45, 000 540, 000 |$32, 000 223,000 { $8,700 275,000 | $7, 600 64,000 | $2,600 | 2,246,000 | $16,000
Fish:
Black bass...........-- 177,000 13, 000 9, 800 700 158,000 | 11,000 200 (2) 9,000 ROO: cased ounos locaeaees 100 (2)
Bream, or sunfish.....- 148, 000 3,700 132,000 | 3,300 700 2 700 2) 7,400 200) 2 sie seiacieds|emcenece 7,300 100
Buffalo fish. ae 704, 000 22, 000 356,000 | 12, 000 39, 000 46,000 | 1,300 207,000 | 5,400 31,000 800 24,000 600
Carp, German 237, 000 8, 200 149,000 | 5,300 27,000 7,200 200 32, 000 900 15, 000 400 6, 100 200
Cathish. oc cccsceveguecce 367,000 20, 000 105,000} 6,100 241,000 10,000 500 1,600 100 700 100 6, 100 200
Crappie. 2. sesscsexeccs 186, 000 7, 800 164,000 | 6,800 2,200 6, 700 300 1,000 100. |iceeeccicess 12, 000 5
Drum, fresh-water. ..... 204, 000 9,500 142,000 | 6,300 51,000 7,200 100 1,100 CO) Wisecersead| se 2, 600 (2)
HelS is rsciscuitacres Srsed,iye 3,100 TOO! | sieieiessti-is tail] tewreiscans SpLOO NO 1 cpctsitreicta cinco RN seictadl Saieiereretcerarase | wiotiaveieieel eis teiasg traceie'esall sisveiswic ac fore ardent Sina NGaaremr
Hickory shad. me 2, 800 100 2, 200 100 (10,039 nC) S| Beer eee ag tceccin| se tte ee [be eceeee nse sessoeee| assem escss:[axeseaa:
Paddlefish.............. 195, 000 7,500 34,000 | 1,000 |.......-..- 138,000 | 5,600 2,000 100 7,100 14, 000 600
Perch, yellow........-- 5,000
Pikes scsi sxe sccomscacel 100
Pike perch (wall-eyed ;
MICE) estes ngametscicieled 2,900
Sturgeon, shovelnose.... 11,000
Caviar and paddlefish
3, 200
69, 000
13,000
5,000
1, 700
2,170,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 2,170,000 pounds, valued at $14,000; pound nets, 74,000 pounds, valued at $2,400; and shrimp traps,
1,700 pounds, valued at $200.
2 Less than $100.
FISHERIES,
BY STATES. 245
Taste 2.—TENNESSEE—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.
ee
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Hyke ane hoop Lines. Seines. Trammel nets. Spears and gigs. Pound nets,!
7 .
Quantit: Quantit: Quantit: uantity uantit: uantit: uantit:
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. Bouma. Value Bounds. Value. Cat Value and Value,
0) 62) ae 1,993,000 |$73, 000 961,000 {$31,000 395,000 |$21, 000 223,000 | $8, 700 275,000 | $7,600 64,000 | $2,600 76,000 | $2,500
Fish:
Black bass..... 176,000 | 12,000 9, 700 700 157,000 | 11,000 200 (2) 9,000 100 Nh cascecteel eisiad since 100 ()
Bream, or sunfis 148,000 | 3,700 132,000 | 3,300 500] (2 700 | (2) 7, 400 200 Liat arsagcalsatwonse 7, 300 100
Buffalo fish. 662,000 | 19,000 331,000 | 10,000 22,000 100 46,000 | 1,300 207,000 | 5,400 31,000 800 24,000 600
Carp, Germa 215,000 | 6,600 137,000 | 4,500 17,000 500 7, 200 200 32,000 900 15,000 400 6, 100 200
Catish cncacc 2 e0oen2e veces 263,000 | 11,000 62,000 | 2,400 180,000 | 8,000 10,000 500 1,660 100 2,700 100 6, 100 200
Crappie: oi. tis cawsceaneaua 184,000 | 7,600 163,000 | 6,700 0} (2) 6, 700 300 1,000 100 |ivasas cevan|texcexee 12,000 500
Drum, fresh-water....... 1, )
Sturgeon, shovelnose.....
Caviar and paddlefish eggs}
SUCKOTS wc ierdene vetasceec
White bass and rock bass. .
Frogs...
Shrimp
1 Includes shrimp traps, with catch of 1,700 pounds, valued at $200.
2 Less than $100.
TaBLE 3.—TENNESSEE—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CUMBERLAND AND TENNESSEE RIVERS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Crowfoot dredges, ete.
Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantity
(bounds. Value res ounds\ Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value.
gis numer caasiesane eentatwn vas Secand eed sudosmcewosee 2,513,000 $39, 000 198, 000 $14, 000 145,000 $11, 000 2,170,000 $14,000
Fish:
PAC? Hass wis cs sais seco ets oc sawiotisicstaaeebws see sacra > 1,100 100 100 Q) 1,000
Buffalo fish. . 42,000 3, 200 25,000 1,900 17,000
23, 000 1,600 13,000 900 A
104, 000 8,700 43,000 3,700 61, 000
ge Rieu Mae a 2, 300 200 7 100 1,600
1d 3) Sslpdnc pei Beate EN 102, 000 7,500 64, 000 4,700 39, 000
2,800 100 2,200 100 600
7 ee el ie
Pike perch (wal mes 2; 5100
Spirecon, SHOVEMOS ay geass vcnnnions vancakina de RR emer eee 8, 500 400 2,700 100 5, 800
Suckers: . 48, 000 2, 800 41,000 2, 300 6, 900
All other. 800 LOD! | oesarcriierarernser | aacreerere eens 800
Mierel Shells oo anise sc ceasesavesaees sdinananed SAUER OER S OFF 2,170,000 9, 400 ee pee ee ee
Pearland, slags. occccasacncesee es enn sastnnanne se eandeae nr ene fess seeeaw ese BOD | exacesienmeamanclaandncinnaaee lives secabeumams
1 Less than $100.
TEXAS.
Although Texas has an extensive coast line, its fish-
ery product in 1908 was smaller than that of any other
Gulf state except Alabama. The principal fishing
grounds were Galveston, Corpus Christi, Aransas, and
Matagorda Bays, and Sabine Lake. Oysters, red
snapper, and squeteague composed two-thirds of the
fishery product. The principal statistics for 1908 are
summarized in the following statement:
Number of persons employed.....-------+-+++++++-+---7- 1, 780
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit $387, 000
Apparatus of capture.....-...+-----+2-++eeeee rrr ete 41, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash......--------- 26, 000
446, 000
Value of products. .-----------+--- 2-22 eee e eee e erent
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The canvass
of 1908 reveals large increases over 1902 and previous
years in all features of the industry. Except for the
fact that the canvass of 1897 showed a slight decrease
in nearly every item, as compared with that of 1890,
the upward movement has been continuous during the
years for which statistics are available. Comparative
statistics for these years are as follows:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Vernon
employe
YEAR. exclusive Toa? Appa ||
of shores- s Quantity
Total. boats, | ratus of Value.
men: including] capture. || (Pounds).
outfit
LONG ceed aie 1,720 ||$428, 000 || $387,000 | $41,000 |} 10, 439,000 | $446,000
D902 reesei ee ate 1,055 || 212,000 192,000 | 20,000 8,044,000 354,000
PSO: cower hiscecidnaie 1,140 || 152,000 130,000 | 23,000 7,175,000 287,000
ABO cir steiecen dy et 1,116 |} 155,000 131,000 | 24,000 7,959, 000 314,000
TSB Tae eiesiars dareices 901 || 126,000 105,000 | 21,000 6, 282, 000 256, 000.
246
Persons employed.—The following tabular statement
gives the distribution of the persons employed in the
fisheries of Texas in 1908, and of the wages and sal-
aries paid:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908. *
Number. | Salaries and wages.
CLASS. Proprie ae
tors an ala-
A A Wage-
inde- ried Sala-
Total. |} pendent | em- sek n- |) Total. |] Ties, | Wages.
fisher- {ployees.| °S-
men.
La
Total.......- 1,780 11,063 5 712 |1$190.000 |/87, 100°] 2 $183, 000
Vessel fisheries....| 3 407 163 5 239 71,000 -} 7,100 64,000
Shore and boat
fisheries. ........ 1,313 900: |e ncccece 413 || 110,000 |/....... 110,000
Shoresmen........ 60! || a cereeese| ences 60 9; 500! || asexacrs 9, 500
1 Exclusive of two proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $41,000.
3 Includes three persons employed on a vessel engaged in transporting.
Of the shoresmen, 37 were employed in the vessel
fisheries and the remaining 23 in the shore and boat
fisheries. The total number of persons connected
with the vessel fisheries, therefore, was 444, and the
total number connected with the shore and boat fish-
eries 1,336. It is apparent that in the shore and boat
fisheries more than one-half of those classed as ‘‘Pro-
prietors and independent fishermen” were independent
fishermen.
Equipment and other capital—tn the following tab-
ular statement statistics are given as to the equipment
and the other capital employed in the fisheries of
Texas:
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL:
rf 08.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
Value. Number. | Tonnage.
Total nossoate side esis cremciosdis nsinciemncsiacsis $454, 000) | sic cers ince wells cisee eatearess
Vessels (fishing), including outfit .. 269, 000
Steam and motor! ...........- 47,000
ees 39,000
cae , 300
Bile a cae cc ete 222, 000
181,000
41,000
Other 900
Boats 117,000
Steam and motor. 39,000
Sail . 70,000
Row 7,300
Othe
Apparatus of capture .
Vessel fisheries ............-..-
Shore and boat fisheries .......
Shore and accessory property ...... see sae
Cash ois cic etittinsse rece castes: cxecece ess 32 19,000
1 Includes one vessel of six tons engaged in transporting.
Of the total investment in the Texas fisheries, the
value of the various kinds of craft, including the out-
fits, formed 85 per cent, and of this portion over two-
thirds represented the value of vessels. The value
of the apparatus of capture used in the shore and boat
fisheries was nearly five times as great as that of the
apparatus used in the vessel fisheries. Of the invest-
ment in shore and accessory property, $4,000 was
reported for the vessel fisheries and $3,500 for the
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
shore and boat fisheries, while practically all the cash
was reported for the vessel fisheries. The total invest-
ment in the shore and boat fisheries was $155,000, and
that in the vessel fisheries $299,000. Nets and seines
were the most important form of apparatus. The
numbers of the more important kinds of apparatus
reported, all of which, with the exception of 38 seines,
were used in the shore and boat fisheries, were as fol-
lows:
CAS UIC Isis ite cleo ss nee atest eae eteeetcme vues: 332
Dip nets - .0:s.2ee esse se dexeeeaeee vey ses4 deweseeseae sce ees 69
Hinearmis; Uns: CtG ccs ce susie ees Md agatha eames she 137
HYKOMC1S 2 us shen hess Sond aus e ees Lead qtebeee eee 455
Gale tae, oie nseden a2 cae Aen Aaa areas GM eene eens eee 219
Mink: traps 2c. accccaeg es os Vee cassens ends vepee eee oes 30
MG TTLCS age Sie. Yavca eae sake TT ore aot nN Dee sO a 298
‘Eramomeli6ts cokes ase seer aera G as ween apceneeny eee 19
Turtlomets: «4: decoy os aioe eet 22 ed eerste gece es 1
Products, by species. —Table 1, on page 249, gives the
fishery products of the state, by species and by appa-
ratus of capture. A large variety of species are
represented in the catch of this state, chief among
which are oysters, red snapper, squeteague, and chan-
nel bass, or redfish. These products together con-
tributed 75 per cent of the value of all fishery products
taken in the state, oysters alone representing 38 per
cent of the value. The only species in the catch of
which Texas led all other states was jewfish.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Table 2, on page 250,
gives the products of the vessel fisheries, by species
and by apparatus of capture, while Table 3, on page
250, gives similar statistics for the shore and boat
fisheries. The following tabular statement gives the
distribution, by species, of the total value of products
for the fisheries of the state as a whole and for each
class. of fisheries. Only products for which a total
value in excess of $5,000 was reported are shown
separately.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Shore and
Total. ak boat
* | fisheries.
POUR Satin oe bb codat hana shiateayneeueees $446, 000 $161, 000 $285, 000
Fishiewsescesescssa: 265,000 97,000 168, 000
Red snapper. ee 79,000 19, 000 | sedecns— 2 woe
Squeteague............... 46, 000 , 400 41,000
Channel bass, or redfish...-.......-.---- 43,000 5,300 38, 000
Catfish s ocrsc: sevieeeeusieeeieweeya sangeet 26, 000 600 26,000
Sheepshead): ey: wganceycnscsieeear oe aces 14,000 2, 200 12,000
EUG aii tcenes muah hetessapieis bees Lem icu ae ttarge 11,000 700 10,000
DM, SALAWELET. nn. scguninne savers nae 9,300 1,200 8, 100
IBUTalO GSD ici ccd ibediniaseeeeecenan 7,400 100 7,400
CTO MKC c cevery g-dvenog sant arciaaitek a cee 7,000 800 6, 200
Flounders. . 6, 600 800 5, 800
All other... 15,000 1, 200 14,000
Oysters, market 167, 000 62, 000 105, 000
All other 14, 000 1,400 3,000
The vessel fisheries took products which represented
36 per cent of the value and a slightly larger percent-
age of the weight of the total fishery product. The
red snapper ranked first in value among the products
of the vessel fisheries, its value forming 49 per cent
FISHERIES,
of the total value of products of this class of fisheries,
while market oysters ranked second, contributing 39
per cent of the total.
The shore and boat fisheries contributed 64 per
cent of the total value of the fishery product of the
state and 62 per cent of the total quantity. With the
exception of red snapper, every species which entered
into the state product was included in the catch of
this branch of the fisheries. Oysters were the leading
species, their value forming 37 per cent of the value
of all shore and boat products. Squeteague, channel
bass, and catfish were the leading species of fish proper
reported by the shore and boat fisheries, and com-
prised 36 per cent of the quantity and furnished 37
per cent of the value of the total- product of this class
of fisheries. The remainder of the product is evenly
distributed.
Products, by apparatus of capture—The distribution
by apparatus of capiure of the value of the products
for the state as a whole and for each class of fisheries
is shown in the following tabular statement:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Vessel Shore and
Total. fisheries boat
fisheries.
$446, 000 $161, 000 $285, 000
167,000 63, 000 105, 000
153, 000 18, 000 135, 000
101, 000 80, 000 21,000
1000 || |esowarcan xara 7,000
18, 000 200 17,000
Dredges, tongs, etc., were used exclusively in the
oyster industry. Though ranking first with respect
to value of catch in the state as a whole, contributing
37 per cent of the total value of products, this class of
apparatus ranked second in importance for each class
of fisheries, being surpassed in the vessel fisheries by
lines and in the shore and boat fisheries by seines. The
products taken with seines, which represented 34 per
cent of the total value of products for the state, in-
cluded almost every species taken. The value of
squeteague and channel bass constituted over one-
half of the total value of the seine catch. The value
of the catch by lines, which ranked third in importance,
formed 23 per cent of the total value of the fishery
products of the state. Practically all of the catch in
the vessel fisheries was made by lines, dredges, tongs,
etc., and seines. The value of the line catch, which
consisted chiefly of red snapper, formed 50 per cent
of the total value of products for this class of fisheries;
that of the catch with dredges, tongs, etc., 39 per cent;
and that of the seine catch, 11 per cent. In the shore
and boat fisheries the value of the catch with seines
represented 47 per cent, and the value of the catch with
dredges, tongs, etc., 37 per cent of the total value of
the catch. Lines ranked third in this class of fisheries,
half of the catch with this form of apparatus being com-
posed of catfish.
BY STATES. 247
Oysters.—The yield of market oysters aggregated
490,000 bushels, with a value of $167,000. Of the total
quantity, 63 per cent was reported for the shore and
boat fisheries and 37 per cent for the vessel fisheries.
The bulk of the catch was from public areas, only 3,400
‘bushels, valued at $1,200, being from private areas.
The entire product. reported from private areas was
credited to the shore and boat fisheries. The seed
oyster product was small, 5,700 bushels, valued at
$400, being taken from public areas in the vessel
fisheries, and 1,800 bushels, valued at $200, from pub-
lic areas in the shore and boat fisheries. The value of
the oyster product formed about the same proportion
of the total value of products in the two classes of
fisheries, the percentages being 37 for the shore and
boat fisheries and 39 for the vessel fisheries. The aver-
age price per bushel for market oysters was 34 cents.
The oyster product for a series of years is shown in the
following tabular statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
YEAR. Q
uantity
(bushels). | Value
497,000 | $168,000
343,000 | 100,000
356,000 | 95,000
1000 | 128, 000
256,000 | 88,000
96,000 | 47,000
The increase in the oyster yield accounts for a large
part of the gain made by the fisheries of the state since
1902 and during previous years. The variations in the
fishery products, which are shown in the tabular state-
ment on page 245, conform in general to the fluctua-
tions in the oyster product.
Red snapper.—The value of the red-snapper catch
formed nearly 30 per cent of that of all fish proper,
while the weight formed 34 per cent of the total weight.
This species was taken entirely with lines and wholly
in the vessel fisheries. Its value formed 49 per cent
of the value of the entire catch of the vessel fisheries
and 81 per cent of the value of all fish proper taken in
these fisheries. The growth of the red-snapper fishery
since 1890 has been remarkable. In 1902 the value
of the catch exceeded that of oysters, but an increase
in yield has been accompanied by a decrease in value,
while in the case of oysters the value increased at a
higher rate than’ the quantity. The following tabu-
lar statement gives statistics of the catch for those
years for which figures are available:
RED-SNAPPER
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds), | Value
2,252,000 | $79,000
2, 068, 000 103, 000
465, 000 17,000
4,800 200
75, 000 4,100
248
Salt-water drum.—Salt-water drum, channel bass,
or redfish, represented 12 per cent of the value of the
total product, 4 per cent of the value of the vessel
product, and 16 per cent of the value of the shore and
boat product. Of the total quantity, 92 per cent was
from shore and boat fisheries. Seines took 93 per cent
of the product, and over one-half of the remainder was
taken with lines. Although the catch of this product
in 1908 was the largest ever reported, the value
was the same as in 1897, as the following tabular
statement shows:
SALT-WATER DRUM,
CHANNEL BASS, OR
REDFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1,309,000] $52,000
.---| 1,056, 000 43, 000
-| 1,144,000 52, 000
.-..{ 1,112,000 48, 000
-{ 1,005,000 38, 000
Squeteague.—The value of squeteague, or sea trout,
formed 10 per cent of the value of all fishery products.
Though ranking fourth in value among the products
in the vessel fisheries, the species represented only 3
per cent of the total value of products of this class of
fisheries. In the shore and boat fisheries the value of
this fish formed 14 per cent of the value of all products
and ranked first among fish proper. Of the total
squeteague catch, 90 per cent was reported for the
shore and boat fisheries. Seines are credited with 92
per cent of the total quantity and lines with three-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
fifths of the remainder. The catch of this fish has
been fairly constant for the several years for which
statistics are available, as will appear from the fol-
lowing tabular statement:
SQUETEAGUE
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1,055, 000 $46, 000
1,119, 000 50, 000
-| 1,012, 000 46, 000
1,120, 000 48,000
941, 000 38, 000
Catfish.—The value of catfish constituted 6 per cent
of the total value of the products of the Texas fisheries.
This species was caught almost entirely in the shore
and boat fisheries, and the value of the catch com-
prised 9 per cent of the value of products for this class
of fisheries. Something less than one-half of the
product was taken with seines, while the remainder
was taken chiefly with lines. The catch of catfish
shows a large increase since 1902, as will be seen from
the following tabular statement:
CATFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
560, 000 $26, 000
75, 000 3, 200
71, 000 3, 000
45, 000 2,100
VRB 0 aes Sctesininles sasweniens 22 Ue Sars ke va LARRY: Seen ded Semeees 47,000 2, 500
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 249
TaBLE 1.—TEXAS—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL. e
SPECIES. Seines. Lines. Gill nets. Trammel nets. Cast nets. All oust BPP e
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total uiscecsseesasesasyests 10, 439, 000 |$446, 000 ||3, 655, 000 |$153, 000 |2, 712,000 |$101,000 | 151,000 | $7,000 79,000 | $4,000 87,000 | $3,200 |3,755,000 |$178, 000
Fish:
Black bass 17,000 1, 200 1, 500 200 5, 000
Bluefish..... 9,700 500 9, 700 500! | siciserecciets 2
Buffalo fish. . 240, 000 7,400 || 131,000 4,100 32, 000
Carp, German. 2, 200 100 400 (2) 1,300
Catfis bis cicc3313)stetoinstclatsarex 560,000 | 26,000 |} 259,000} 12,000 | 219,000
Crapple-ccccescecsacceeecwcec 40, 000 2,800 25, 000 1,800 2,100
Creve cccssoisie casiaeceigeeaieis-e 19, 000 800 18, 000 800 300
CrOaKeP .. occjsnintcieis screanicis'e oe 159, 000 7,000 152, 000 6, 600 2,700
Drum, fresh-water........... 13, 000 700 6,000 400 2, 600
Drum, salt-water (channel
bass, or redfish). 1,309,000 | 52,000 |]1,215,000 | 48,000} 51,000] 2,600] 33,000] 1,300} 11,000 700: | sasesness|easoters (3) @)
Flounders. 40, 000 6,600 |} 106, 000 4,700 600 (3) 2, 600 100 700 () 300 (4) 30, 000 1, 700
5 1,300 8,800 300 37,000 T5100 | cc2iccacicncate| Sewwsicce slew sceesee ese bee loxea tioning | seam e ee [bee aeekeee eeeecess
20,000 900 17,000 BOD csc carseg acers [sists sectors 3,000 200: | ciciadisceacsyssallteSesiestos 500 (G2): Lensseesee|eeecncse
Paddlefish, caviar, and pad-
ic ne 33, 000 1,500 21,000 1,100 |escsswesna|oeeeeexe. 12,000 MOO) sacisie Greets SGeeerccial stdemtremies tekieae dei leceidsicenice| seas
Perch, yellow...........--.-. 1,800 100 1,100 100 700 C2)i- | 5 Pdsteeiciaidenlibeseasesteall ees semieers seo (3) @) Iesewssstec bceceeas
Pigfish .... 2,600 100 2,006 100 400 i Leefayseeaeinsa perardicisisieallizieisicisieaasiene!| encte-Siarcioes 100 (Bio Meanwarcams|eewndae
Pike..... 305, 000 11,000 304,000 | 11,000 200 (2 1,400 LOO! a sraysiore wares] apaiepeccrerert | atasaprete cizins [love oe sazicisl etiam | ae wieeretnies
Pompano. 18,000 100 , 000 1,000 100 (@) 6 (2) (8) (C2 I een mreeerere esr rcr ren Pore mers
Sheepshea 298,000 | 14,000 || 271,000} 13,000 15,000 9 6, 500 300 2,500 200 1,800 100 200 (2)
Snapper, red..........2.22.. 2,252,000 | 79,000 |]..........]........- 2,262:000!| 79000 | o-asscisiscccalleG.scsciec| esemoceces | ssceepos tmameeeeelineeee eal extxtecees[eemeeses
Spanish mackerel..... 42,000 24,000 1,800
Squeteague._....... 1,055,000
Strawberry bass.... 7
Whiting: «00.2055 E 9,900
All Oth@l is wcccssisawewes esses 4,900
Crabs, hard..............2....--- 199, 000
Crabs, soft........-..- : 600
Shrimp. : 118,000
Terrap 15,000
MURLOCS wisisis-nis-srarcrcvarsiarers 20,000
Oysters, market, from public
BYCGS c.c3 soseeehivessesecsesee 43,404,000
Oysters, market, from private
ATOOSE io o-G siecit wie asic ama 6 24,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas..| § 52,000
Hides, alligator.......-.--------- 77,000
Skins, MINS. 5 ca ccscewececscesee (8)
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 3,468,000 pounds, valued at $167,000; dip nets, 164,000 pounds, valued at $4,000; fyke, hoop, and
turtle nets, 73,000 pounds, valued at $2,600; harpoons, spears, etc., 31,000 pounds, valued at $1,700; firearms, 6,900 pounds, valued at $1,400; and minor apparatus, 13,000
pounds, valued at $800.
2 Less
than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds. 4 486 000 bushels.
6 3,400 bushels. € 7,500 bushels. 71,400 hides, 8 30 skins.
250 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 2.—TEXAS—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
apes: Dredges, tongs, etc. Seines. Harpoons, spears, etc.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). value: (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value,
DO bale seen ee ota Ba cat ace igede 3,945,000 | $161,000 1,308,000 | $63,000 335,000 | $18,000 4,900 $200
ish:
BuUflalo MSh eas cc dcgceueunceaaaseckoreces 1,800 100 1,800
Catfish......2...---- 14, 000 600 13,000
Channel bass, or redfis 68,000 5,300 64,000
Croaker......... 16, 000 800 16,000
Drum, salt-water_.........222.2.2.2220-- 36, 000 1, 200 35,000
PIOUNGCTS catsicetigerncicenexiesey nacweienens 17,000 800 200
Je Ha soiate sree aeeuesesaeeed tne Seine 29,000 600 8
MUNN Cb sre sree wwercisceyes etd dieictinoezin conten 1,300 100
Perch, yellow..............----..--0----5 1,100 100
IRC secack gs nueesiedad success eeecenss, 16,000 700
Pompano........ 3,900 300
Sheepshead... .. 47,000 2,200
Snapper, red 2, 252, 000 79, 000
Spanish mackerel. .............222-.-..- 2,100 200
Squeteague. 107, 000 5,400
Whiting..... 2,300 100
300 (4)
7,400 200
7,900 400
4,000 300
2,000 100
Oysters, market, from public areas.......... 2 1, 269, 000 62,000 2 1, 269,000 a 3
Oysters, seed, from public areas............. 3 40,000 400 3 40,000 ADD csmewanmemamst laecennce ac loe meade ens smears seule
Hides, alligators... 2. 2.....22..2222.222200- 100 @) teseveersesvacs|eyecescwos nease see essmes| cars eeaes (4) @) (4) Q@)
1 Less than $100. 2 181,000 bushels. 4 Less than 100 pounds. 5 10 hides.
TasLe 3.—TEXAS—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
i All other appa-
SPECIES. Seines. Gill nets. Trammel nets. Cast nets. Tatus.!
Quantit: Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
WOT al sia. saienar-cinarscwaieastnsiaiee le 494,000 |$285, 000 ||3, 320,000 |$135, 000 151,000 | $7,000 79,000 | $4,000 87,000 | $3,200 |2, 442,000 [$115,000
Fish
Black bass......2.2....2222000- 17,000 | 1,200 1,500
Bluefish... ... 2 9, 700 50! 9,700
Buffalo fish... . -| 239,000 7,400 129, 000
Carp, German. e 2,200 100 400 |
Ga CEST 5 oie; ssereicsssepascisie cincednpartsaraibicte 546,000 | 26,000 246,000
Channel bass, or redfish. ...... 860,000 | 38,000 785, 000
Crappie.......----.- 2,800 25,000
Crevallé. .. 800 18, 000
Croaker.......-. 6, 200 136, 000
Drum, fresh-water. 700 5,700
Drum, salt-water.............. 345,000 | 8,100 |} 330,000
Flounders 123, 000 5, 800 94, 000
17,000 700 8, 200
19,000 900 15,000
Paddlefish, caviar, and paddle-
fish eggs................-.:..| 33,000] 1,500 21,000
Piphishy, cog ceseek ad ten usctad 2,600 100 2,000
RIK Cia osceiet ol adaanieen clay 289,000 | 10,000 288,000
POMPONOrscu Sosceceaeinccce sess 14,000 13, 600
Sheepshead...........--------- 251.000 | 12,000 224,000
Spanish mackerel.............. 40,000 3,200
Squeteague.............------- 948,000 | 41,000
Strawberry bass........-...-.. 700 100
Whiting....... ee 7, 600 400
AM OUMER 5 ccmistejeitictdyrersibieisineccle 5, 400 200
192,000 4, 600
600 200
111,000 | 4,100
11,000 1,300
18, 000 900
Oysters, market, from public
AT CAS <Aig foi sints ae ctuse Seite racer 42,135,000 | 104, 000
Oysters, market, from private
OT COS science seadivcamsteaudencnn see 6 24,000 1, 200
Oysters, seed, from public areas....} ® 15,000 200
Hides, alligator .--| 76,900 1, 400
Skins mine 2. occ devesecmnenece (3) (?)
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 2,160,000 pounds, valued at $105,000; dip nets, 164,000 pounds, valued at $4,000; fyke, hoop, and turtle
nets, 73,000 pounds, valued af. $2,600; harpoons, spears, etc., 26,000 pounds, valued at $1,500; firearms, 6,900 pounds, valued at $1,400; and minor apparatus, 13,000 pounds,
valued at $800.
3 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
305,000 bushels.
51,800 bushels.
63,400 bushels.
71,400 hides. 830 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
VIRGINIA.
In the total value of fishery products Virginia had
second place in 1908 among the states in which com-
mercial fisheries were carried on, and in the value of its
‘shad, menhaden, alewife, croaker, caviar, sturgeon,
crab, and hard-clam products it ranked first. The
taking of oysters was the most important branch of the
fishing industry of the state, the product being valued
at $2,348,000. The shad and menhaden products
ranked next in importance, each being valued at
between four and five hundred thousand dollars, while
clams and crabs followed in rank, the product of each
having a value in excess of $300,000. Though fish-
eries are conducted at nearly every available point
along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to the
Maryland line, the most important fisheries of the
state are in the waters of Chesapeake Bay and its tribu-
taries. This latter district covers an extensive area,
comprising not only the waters of Chesapeake Bay, but
also Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds and the tidal
waters of the Potomac, Wicomico, Rappahannock,
York, and James Rivers.
The following statement gives a general summary of
the statistics of the industry in Virginia in 1908:
Number of persons employed... ..--....--.---------- 20, 066
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ..........-.-. $2, 065, 000
Apparatus of capture. .........-.---.----------- 485, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash.........-. 434, 000
Value of products: : asses. soctneuctewes sons cae 4,716, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—Comparative
statistics for years for which figures are available are
given in the next tabular statement.
In the total value of equipment and in the quantity
of products increases are shown at each canvass from
1891 to 1904. The value of the product in 1904 was
76 per cent greater than that in 1897. The figures for
251
1908, however, show a decrease in every item as com-
pared with the figures for the preceding canvass. In
1908 there were 3,298 fewer persons employed, exclu-
sive of shoresmen, than in 1904, a decrease of 14 per
cent. The decline in the total value of equipment
was $95,000, or only 4 per cent. The value reported
for fishing and transporting vessels, including outfits,
decreased from $1,502,000 in 1904 to $1,332,000 in
1908, but as the value of boats increased during
the same years from $591,000 in 1904 to $733,000 in
1908, the total amount of capital represented by ves-
sels, including outfits and boats, changed very little,
namely, from $2,093,000 in 1904 to $2,065,000 in 1908,
The increase in the number of motor boats has been
marked, 1,066 power boats being reported in 1908, as
compared with only 38 in 1904. The value of appara-
tus of capture decreased $67,000, or 12 per cent, while
the products showed a decrease from 1904 to 1908 of
16 per cent in value and 12 per cent in quantity.
|
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
em-
ployed,
YEAR. Fi Vessels
exclusive Appara- c
of shores- Total. || anlage tus of Baanae Value.
men. outfit. capture. .
|
19,905 || $2,550,000 |; $2,065,000 | $485,000 || 312,515,000 |$4,716, 000
23, 203 2,645,000 |) 2,093,000 | 552,000 || 355,316,000 | 5, 584,000
24, 252 1,859,000 |} 1,408,000) 451,000 |} 277,994,000 | 3,179,000
20,316 1,763,000 |} 1,403,000 | 361,000 |} 183,994,000 | 3,648, 000
16, 051 1, 424, 000 | 1 864,000 | 2 561,000 || 158,875,000 | 3,124,000
1 Exclusive of outfit. 2 Includes outfit.
Persons employed.—In 1908 the fisheries of Virginia
gave employment to 20,066 persons. The number of
persons employed has gradually declined since 1897,
when it was larger than in any other year for which
statistics are available.
The following table presents statistics relating to
persons employed in 1908:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Vessel fisheries
Transporting vessels... .---
Shore and boat fisheries... -
Shoresmen.....------------
Chesapeake Bay district........------
Vessel fisheries... .
Transporting vesse.
Shore and boat fisher: Slate
Shoresmen.........22---00ccecceeceeeeeeee eres ee sestsssessssscsscescsrsssessgs
Atlantic Ocean district............2--.222--e eee e eee eteretereserecesercccs sents
Vessel fisherieS.-...--.-------e+22eee cece cece tre
Transporting vessels. ....------
Shore and boat fisheries
ShoresmeD..-.-------------+-+-+---2 22222 eee
Number. Salaries and wages.
Pro Helens Pare =
and inde- alarie age-
Total. pendent |employees.| earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
29, 066 | 110,324 29 9,713 || $1,316,000 $21,000 | 2 $1,295,000
3,188 || 639 15 2,534 455, 000 13,000 442,000
1,133 343 3 7 130, 000 I, 128,000
15,584 9,342 11 6,231 700, 000 6, 400 693, 000
1G). || nee ceed esec las ssceceeee 161 82,000) || encase sescee 32, 000
17,416 8,913 24 8,479 1,149, 000 17,000 1, 132, 000
2,970 487 15 2,468 449, 000 13,000 436, 000
978 294 3 681 113, 000 1,600 111,000
13,314 8,132 6 5,176 557, 000 3,000 554, 000
NS AG | Sed Se creiazejalereisie ise ests 15 315000: Wesceswesniies 31,000
1, 234 167,000 3.500 163, 000
66 5, 600 5,600
106 17,000 17,000
1,055 143,000 139, 000
7 1,100 1,100
1 Exclusive of 277 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $145,000.
"252
Of the total number of persons employed, 78 per
cent were engaged in the shore and boat fisheries and
22 per cent in the vessel fisheries and on transporting
vessels. In the vessel fisheries about 80 per cent, and
in the shore and boat fisheries about 40 per cent, of the
persons employed were wage-earners, the proportion
of proprietors and independent fishermen being smaller
than in most other states. About 87 per cent of all
persons reported were connected with the fisheries of
the Chesapeake Bay district, while the remaining 13
per cent were engaged in the fisheries along the Atlan-
tic coast.
Equipment and other capital—The following tabular
statement gives the value of equipment and the
amount of other capital invested in 1908, for the state
and for each district:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT.
7 Chesapeake} Atlantic
Total. Bay Ocean
district. district.
Motalaccactacvsetascascadtond teseucas $2,984,000 |} $2, 681,000 $302, 000
Vessels, including outfit..................--- 1,332, 000 1, 247,000 85,000
Pishingcccci2c 2s sjcancnseesec sss pesca 985, 000 953, 000 31,000
Steam and motor.._....-........---- 761, 000 753, 000 8,500
Rs parantrainceaguctanana ved aaDattiainats 653, 000 644, 000 8,300
di ntmtereibetweedea inc cnteinnt ys StS gals 109, 000 109, 000 200
Mesh oA ha Aten Sls Seton ieaycvayd 223, 000 200, 000 23,000
Seren 192,000 172, 000 19,000
terror 31,000 28,000 3,500
Bem wetior 347, 000 294,000 53,000
119, 000 95, 000 25,000
icin ei 107,000 85,000 23,000
12, 000 10,000 2,000
wists 228,000 199, 000 29,000
Lgtuieescha ais teepbiac ieycistetaleieates. 203, 000 177,000 26,000
OySeEeoeeanwiee re tee eereeiews 25,000 22,000 2,500
Boats oo jesies caer sae ce eee ae geeeeeeee SES 733,000 632, 000 101,000
eer 331, 000 266, 000 , 000
seis 276, 000 264, 000 12,000
pases 112, 000 101,000 11,000
epee 14, 000 1,300 13, 000
Apparatus of capture...........---.--.----+- 485, 000 433, 000 51,000
Vessel fisheries..........-- 56, 000 56, 000 600
Shore and boat fisheries... 428, 000 378, 000 51,000
Shore and accessory property-. ait 301, 000 262,000 39,000
Cashes neses sas oxeteccacevew nedeeaseees exeees 133,000 106, 000 26, 000
About 90 per cent of the total investment is credited
to the Chesapeake Bay district. The investment in
vessels, including outfits and boats, represented 69
per cent, that in apparatus of capture 16 per cent,
and that in shore and accessory property, together
with the cash capital reported, 15 per cent, of the
total investment for the state.
By far the larger number of fishing and transport-
ing vessels were sailing craft, and were employed in
the Chesapeake Bay district. Only 120 vessels out
of the total of 946 were engaged in fishing and trans-
porting, and only 1,984 boats out of the total of 10,942
were connected with the fisheries of the Atlantic
Ocean district. The other vessels and boats, number-
ing 826 and 8,958, respectively, were employed in the
fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary waters.
While sailing vessels greatly outnumbered steam and
motor vessels in the Chesapeake Bay district, the
latter class of craft had a value more than twice that
of the former and a tonnage almost half as great.
In the Atlantic Ocean district, however, the sailing
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
vessels represented a greater value than the steam
and motor vessels, and their total tonnage was more
than seven times that of the steam and motor vessels.
The following tabular statement gives detailed sta-
tistics concerning the number and tonnage of vessels
and the number of boats:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CEASS?OF CRAET: Chesapeake] Atlantic
Total. Bay Ocean
district. district.
Vessels:
Fishing— .
Numi befscecsisy vesteteraese ese sces 522 459 63
7,520 6, 984 536
96 93 3
3,559 3,517 42
426 366
MOnnage. «gan ccsseetasacad sedaces 3, 961 3,467 494
Transporting—
Nim bef ijetes oecciccereiso sheets 424 367 57
TONDO Osco: septeseimenicecciee 5, 454 4,808 646
92 77 15
857 756 101
332 290 42
4,597 4,052 545
10,942 8,958 1, 984
1,066 848 218
3,611 3, 409 202
5,330 4, 630 700
935 71 864
The apparatus of capture reported for the shore
and boat fisheries of Virginia largely exceeded in value
that reported for the vessel fisheries, the investment
in the former case being $428,000 and in the latter
$56,000. The capital represented by this form of
investment in the Atlantic Ocean district was only
$51,000, or 11 per cent of the total investment in
apparatus of capture for the state. The number of
pound nets used was 1,908 and the number of seines
360. The latter were used in both vessel and shore
and boat fisheries and in both of the districts into
which the fishing grounds of the state are divided.
The number of gill nets reported was 7,513. Because
dredges are considered injurious to the oyster beds,
their use in the public areas is restricted by law.
They were therefore used comparatively little and
often only to clean up the grounds which had pre-
viously been worked by tongs. The distribution
of the more important kinds of apparatus of capture
is shown in the following table:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
DISTRICT AND CLASS OF FISHERIES.
F Pound and
Gill nets. Pots. trap nets, Seines.
DOtal scsce daetseucied cocci eesee 7,513 902 1, 908 360
Vessel fisheries. .......-.-- 51 60 83 44
Shore and boat fisheries. . . 7,462 842 1,825 316
Chesapeake Bay district............- 6, 888 869 1,865 158
Vessel] fisheries. ......----------- 51 60 83 43
Shore and boat fisheries......-.- 6, 837 809 1, 782 115
Atlantic Ocean district...-.---.----- 625 33 43 202
Viessell fisheries'ss:ssc.ceaeneaisinee’ o[ome btecedg-os|neceteesce| cacceeneseee 1
Shore and boat fisheries. ...-.-..- 625 33 43 201
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Products, by species——The fishery products of the
state for 1908 are distributed, by species and by appa-
ratus of capture, in Table 1, on page 256.
The value of the fishery products of Virginia formed
9 per cent of the total value of all fishery products of
the United States. Oysters were the most important
product, the value of the yield in 1908 forming only a
small fraction less than 50 per cent of the value of all
fishery products of the state. Aside from certain
species of fish, clams and crabs were the only other
important products. The quantity of crabs taken
was 25,083,000 pounds, valued at $326,000, and the
quantity of clams was 1,969,000 pounds, valued at
$380,000.
The product of fish proper amounted in the agere-
gate to 249,890,000 pounds, or 80 per cent of the total
weight of fishery products of the state, and was
valued at $1,658,000, or 35 per cent of the total value.
Including nine species tabulated under the head ‘‘All
other,’’ 42 species of fish were taken in the waters of
the state. Of these the most important were shad,
menhaden, alewives, squeteague, or sea trout, and
croaker. The combined value reported for these
five species was $1,344,000, or 81 per cent of the value
of all fish caught.
Products, by fishing grounds.—The products of the
Chesapeake Bay district are given in detail, by species
and by apparatus of capture, in Table 2, on page 257;
and Table 3, on page 258, gives similar statistics for
the Atlantic Ocean district. In the following tabular
statement the total value of products is distributed
according to species arranged in order of value, for the
state as a whole and for each district and each class
of fisheries:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class
’ districts. of fisheries.
SPECIES,
Total.
Chesa. 7
peake |G tean’ || aWessel, | and boat
dice yet, | district. Tes. | fisheries,
OUAN: ievcateeenlasiets $4,716, 000 |/$4, 046,000 | $670,000 |/$1, 009, 000 |$3, 707, 000
TSH 25.220 sit edanones aoe 1, 658, 000 || 1,486,000 | 173,000 490,000 | 1,168,000
oe eee Gusgaeeead 4se, ooo || ”481’.000 4, 600 34,000 | 452° 000
Menhaden.......-.--- 429, 000 429, 000 100 419, 000 10, 000
i i her- 2
seo ane ™ oe 171, 000 168, 000 3, 200 22, 000 149, 000
eteague, or sea
ae 5 x ecuaoeeins 139, 000 100, 000 39, 000 2,000 137, 000
Croaker........-.----- 119, 000 84, 000 35, 000 1, 800 117, 000
Sturgeon, caviar, and
shieeectl eggs... 49, 000 20,000 | 29, 000 100} 49,000
Striped bass........-- 6, 000 46, 000 201 2,300 44,000
COEHS i ose smcnciaiecrecese 31,000 28, 000 2,900 800 31,000
i 26, 000
Perch, white......---- 27,000 24, 000 2,900 400 6,
Spanish mackerel..... 25, 000 9,100 16, 000 (@) oe on
Butterfish.......-...- 21,000 17,000 4,400 300
ATLOthe Tee sicsceweeecn 114, 000 79, 000 35, 000 8,100 106, 000
sien wiansicrate es 2,348, 000 || 2,016,000 | 332,000 439,000 | 1,909,000
eee Rec see ae ced 1,967, 000 | 1,693,000 | 274,000 |} 384,000 | 1, 583, 000
Seedeas cocassioceniisi ne 381,000 || 323,000 | 58,000 55,000 | 326,000
380, 000 217,000 | 163,000 6, 000 374, 000
Gone 2 326,000 || 326,000 |..... beh 73, 000 252, 000
Allother.....----+----+++- 4,500 1, 600 2,900. |laecrdeswnenes 56
1 Less than $100.
253
The combined catch of the fisheries of Chesapeake
Bay and its tributary waters was 301,596,000 pounds,
valued at $4,046,000, or 97 per cent of the quantity
and 86 per cent of the value of the fishery products of
the state. The catch of fish proper reported for this
district furnished 36 per cent of the total value for
the district, and the yield of oysters, the most valuable
product, 50 per cent. Next to oysters the shad catch
had the largest value, while the menhaden, crab, clam,
and herring products also contributed largely to the
total value.
The catch of the Atlantic Ocean district, which
weighed 10,918,000 pounds and was valued at
$670,000, represented only 3 per cent of the total
quantity and 14 per cent of the total value of all
fishery products of the state. Of the total value of
products reported for this district, oysters contributed
50 per cent and clams 24 per cent. Of fish proper,
which furnished 26 per cent of the value returned for
the district, the principal species taken were sque-
teague, croaker, and sturgeon. Spanish mackerel
ranked next, with a value of $16,000, which consti-
tuted 64 per cent of the value of all Spanish mackerel
taken in the waters of the state.
Products, by class of fisheries—The products of the
vessel fisheries are given in detail, by species and by
apparatus of capture, in Tabie 4, on page 258, and the
products of the shore and boat fisheries are similarly
shown in Table 7,on page 260. As already indicated,
the table above shows the distribution, by species
arranged in order of value, of the total value of
products reported for the state and for each class of
fisheries.
The catch of the vessel fisheries aggregated
207,070,000 pounds, valued at $1,009,000, or 66 per
cent of the total quantity of fishery products taken in
the state‘and 21 per cent of their total value. Oysters,
menhaden, and crabs furnished the largest values.
Of the different species of fish proper reported, men-
haden represented 90 per cent of the quantity caught
in the vessel fisheries.
The combined catch of the shore and boat fisheries
of the state aggregated 105,444,000 pounds, having
a value of $3,707,000, or 34 per cent and 79 per cent,
respectively, of the total quantity and value of all the
fishery products of the state. Oysters, shad, and
clams were the three most important products of this
class of fisheries.
The value of fish constituted 49 per cent of the total
value of the products taken in the vessel fisheries and
32 per cent of that of products taken in the shore and
boat fisheries. Oysters contributed 44 per cent of
the value of the products of the former class of fisheries
and 51 per cent of the value of the products of the
latter.
Tables 5 and 8, on pages 259 and 261 show, by species
and by apparatus of capture, the products, respectively,
254
of the vessel and the shore and boat fisheries of the
Chesapeake Bay district, while corresponding statis-
tics for the Atlantic Ocean district are given in Tables
6 and 9, on pages 259 and 262. The following tabular
statement gives the distribution, by district and class of
fisheries, of the total quantity and value of products
reported for the state:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
DISTRICT AND CLASS OF Quantity. Value.
FISHERIES.
Per cent Per cent
Pounds. distribu-|| Amount. | distribu-
2 tion. tion.
HL OUAL wz aie ctemisrccisisiscie erro 312, 515,000 100 $4, 716, 000 100
Chesapeake Bay district ........ 301, 596, 000 97 4,046, 000 86
Vessel fisheries ..........-.- 206, 537,000 66 985,000 21
Shore and boat fisheries ....] 95,060,000 30 3,061,000 65
Atlantic Ocean district ........- 10, 918, 000 3 670, 000 14
Vessel fisheries ............. 534, 000 @) 24,000 1
Shore and boat fisheries ....] 10,385,000 3 646, 000 14
1 Less than 1 per cent.
In both classes of fisheries of the Chesapeake Bay
district, oysters contributed the largest value, though
nine-tenths of the weight of the product taken in the
vessel fisheries consisted of menhaden. More than
90 per cent of the shad product of Virginia was caught
in the shore and boat fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and
its tributaries. ;
The only products of the vessel fisheries of the
Atlantic Ocean district were oysters, clams, bluefish,
sea bass, squeteague, and scup.
Products, by apparatus of capture.-—The following
tabular statement distributes, by apparatus of capture
arranged in the order of the value of the catch, the
total value of products reported for the state as a
whole and for each district:
VALUE OF PRODUCTs: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class
KIND OF APPARATUS. districts. of fisheries.
Total.
Chesa- | Atlantic Shore and
peake Bay; Ocean eo boat
district. | district. " | fisheries.
TO tal oyssisiececssterz cides 34,716, 0Q0 {$4,046,000 | $670, 000 |'$1, 009, 000 |$3, 707, 000
Dredges, tongs, etc........| 2,781,000 || 2,379,000 | 403,000 511,000 | 2,270,000
Pound and trap nets...... 833, 000 732,000 | 101,000 58,000 776,000
SOMOS ws \isiok aie stone isaariaees 531,000 508, 000 23,000 427,000 103, 000
Gillnets Be 205, 000 170,000 35, 000 500 204, 000
DLIMS «. ocns oa pore seca 190, 000 179,000 11,000 6, 400 184, 000
Fyke and hoop nets....... 47,000 44,000 25.900) |lemesrcaenisis's 47,000
DiP NEtS:..:012.2.cc:ceescies 29,000 295000! [eeceie mses eitciaia Sieve ate 29,000
All other.......-.....22--- 99, 000 4,500 95, 000 5,600 94,000
The catch made with dredges, tongs, and rakes,
representing mainly the yield of oysters, but also that
of clams and crabs, contributed a larger percentage of
the value of the products than the catch made with
any other class of apparatus. The value of the prod-
ucts taken in pound and trap nets made this class of
apparatus second in importance, these nets being used
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
extensively in both the Atlantic Ocean district and the
Chesapeake Bay district, and in the capture of nearly
all the species of fish reported. They were employed
especially in taking shad and herring, and contributed
one-fifth of the total value of the products of the shore
and boat fisheries. Seines ranked third in the value
of products taken. They were used mostly in the
vessel fisheries, 80 per cent of the total value of prod-
ucts reported for them being credited to this class of
fisheries. Gill nets and lines were used very little in
the vessel fisheries, while fyke and hoop nets were used
only in the shore and boat fisheries. Dip nets were
employed only in the shore and boat fisheries of Chesa-
peake Bay. The greater part of the value of the catch
made by means of dip nets represents the value of soft
crabs caught, while hard crabs contributed most of the
value of the catch by lines.
Oysters.—In 1908 the total yield of oysters from Vir-
ginia beds was 5,075,000 bushels, valued at $2,348,000,
or about 50 per cent of the value of all the fishery prod-
ucts of the state. The product was distributed by
kind and area, as follows:
OYSTER PRODUCT: 1908.
Quantity. Value.
KIND AND SOURCE.
Per cent Per cent
Bushels. | distribu- || Amount. | distribu-
tion. tion.
Totalesccccccwsnccesececdcnecs 5,075, 000 100 || $2,348, 000 100
Market oysters.......-.--..--+------ 3,672,000 72 || 1,967,000 84
From public areas........---... 1,369,000 27 645,000 27
From private areas...........-- 2,303, 000 45 1,322, 000 56
Seed oysters... ..--...--.-----. ee eee 1, 403, 000 28 381, 000 16
From public areas.......-.-...- 1,322, 000 26 357,000 15
From private areas.........-... 81,000 2 24,000 1
The oyster product comprised 3,672,000 bushels of
market oysters, valued at $1,967,000, and 1,403,000
bushels of seed oysters, valued at $381,000. All the
seed oysters reported, with the exception of 81,000
bushels, were taken from public areas, while 63 per
cent of the market oysters were from private areas.
The cultivation of oysters has become an important
part of the oyster industry of Virginia. Public reefs
have become yearly less productive, and there has been
a tendency to enlarge the area available for private
beds. As yet the cultivated oysters of Virginia have
not brought as high a price per bushel as those from
New York and Connecticut, although the natural con-
ditions of the Virginia waters are ideal for cultivation
and the state laws afford fairly good protection to
private oyster culture.
Though the value of oysters from private areas
formed 57 per cent of the total value of the oyster
product, the quantity from these areas was less than
that from public areas. The average price of market
oysters per bushel was 57 cents for those from private
FISHERIES,
areas and 47 cents for those from public areas. The
average price of seed oysters was 27 cents per bushel.
The following tabular statement, giving the quan-
tity, value, and average price per bushel of Virginia
oysters for several years, indicates that the product
has been decreasing in quantity since 1901:
BY STATES. 255
and represented nearly half of the total weight and
value of all the menhaden caught in the United States.
The catch was considerably less than in 1904, but was
larger than in 1897 or any previous year for which sta-
tistics are available, as is shown by the following
tabular statement:
OYSTER PRODUCT.
Value.
YEAR.
Quantity |
(bushels). Average
Amount. per
bushel.
5,075,000 || $2, 348,000 80. 46
7,612, 000 3, 460, 000 0. 45
7,885,000. || 2,923, 000 0. 37
7,024, 000 2,042, 000 0. 29
6, 162, 000 2,524, 000 0.41
6, 837, 000 2, 218, 000 0.32
Tonging was the more usual method of fishing for
oysters, but dredges also were used to some extent.
Though oyster fishing was carried on extensively in
the Atlantic Ocean district by means of vessels: and
boats, the value of the product obtained from the
shore and boat: fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its
tributary waters was much greater than that of the
entire oyster product of the former district.
Shad.—Shad ranked next to oysters in value and
was the most important species of fish caught. The
Virginia catch was the largest in the country in 1908,
weighing 7,314,000 pounds and being valued at
$486,000, or about one-fourth of the entire quantity
and value of the shad caught in the waters of the
United States. Its value formed 10 per cent of the
value of all fishery products of the state. The catch
in 1908 was slightly smaller in quantity but greater in
value than that in 1904, which was 7,420,000 pounds,
valued at $440,000.
The following tabular statement shows the quantity
and value of the catch of shad for certain years from
1880 to 1908:
SHAD PRODUCT.
YEAR. Sunnie
uantity
(pounds). Value.
7,314,000 | $486,090
7,420,600 440, 000
11,529,000 304,000
6, 498, 000 207, 000
3, 172, 000 134, 000
According to the reports of the fishermen, the de-
crease of shad in the rivers tributary to Chesapeake
Bay, shown in previous reports of the Bureau of Fish-
eries, continues. This fish is caught mainly by means
of pound nets and gill nets in the shore and boat fisher-
ies of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary waters. Less
than 1 per cent of the total value of shad represents
product taken in the Atlantic coast fisheries.
Menhaden.—The menhaden product of Virginia
amounted to 190,089,000 pounds, valued at $429,000,
MENHADEN PRODUCT
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
190,089,000 | $429,000
-| 247,919,000 515,000
-| 178, 656, 000 255, 000
105, 980, 000 198, 000
88, 214, 000 304, 000
These fish run in large schools and are caught prin-
cipally by means of seines. Practically the ®ntire
catch was from the Chesapeake Bay district, chiefly
from its vessel fisheries.
Clams.—The value of the hard-clam product of
Virginia exceeded that reported for any other state,
though the New Jersey product exceeded the Virginia
product in quantity. In 1908 the Virginia yield was
246,000 ‘bushels, valued at $380,000. Up to 1901 the
yield was increasing regularly’; but since that year,
though the value has continued to increase, there has
been some fluctuation in the quantity. The following
tabular statement gives statistics of the product for
certain years from 1890 to 1908:
HARD-CLAM PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit
(bushels). | Value.
246,000 | $380,000
207,000 | 221,000
221/000 | 133,000
105,000 | 66; 000
69,000 | 37,000
Clams are essentially a product of the shore and
boat fisheries. Fifty-seven per cent of the value of
the Virginia catch represents the value of clams taken
in the Chesapeake Bay district.
Crabs.—Though ranking only fifth with respect to
value among the fishery products of Virginia, the total
crab product of the state surpassed in value that of any
other state. Virginia ranked first in the yield of hard
crabs and second only to Maryland in the yield of soft
crabs. In 1908 the total crab product, all of which
came from Chesapeake Bay and its tributary waters, was
$25,083,000 pounds, valued at $326,000. This formed
nearly 50 per cent of the total quantity and its value
more than one-third of the total value of all hard and
soft crabs taken in the country. The industry has
grown steadily since 1890; the product increased
129 per cent in value from 1901 to 1904, and 104 per
cent in quantity and 19 per cent in value from 1904 to
1908. Statistics as to the yield in earlier years are
given in the following tabular statement:
256
CRAB PRODUCT.
YEAR. j . i
uantity
(pounds), | Value.
25,083,000 | $326,000
12, 267,000 272,000
7,402,000 | 119,000
6, 400, 000 68, 000
3,025, 000 54, 000
Alewives.—The alewife product has leng been im-
portant among the fishery products of Virginia, and
both the quantity and value increased greatly from
1904 to 1908. The catch in 1908, amounting to
37,885,000 pounds, valued at $171,000, was greater
in both quantity and value than that reported for any
other state, and furnished 42 per cent of the weight
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
and nearly 30 per cent of the value of the total alewife
product of the United States. The increase in the
quantity of the catch since 1904 amounted to almost
160 per cent, and that in the value to 88 per cent.
The following tabular statement gives statistics for
certain years from 1880 to 1908:
ALEWIFE PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantit
(pounds). Value.
TasBLE 1.—VIRGINIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Sic imap: Seines. Gil nets. Lines. nye ee hoop | an other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity . Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds). | Y@lue- |! Sounds). | V@le- | Gounds). | V8! | pounds). | V@lue- | (pounds). | V"*- |(pounas).| Ve: | (pounds). Value.
TOtalicuis casein 312, 515, 000 |$4,716, 000 ||52, 560, 000 |$833, 000 |191, 633,000 |$531,000 |3, 489,000 |$205, 000 |15, 106,000 |$190, 000 {1,279,000 |$47, 000 |48, 447,000 |$2, 910, 000
Fish:
Alewives........| 37,885,000 171,000 |/32, 889,000 | 138,000 | 3,736,000 | 20,000 |1,105, 000 DE 200 E | Mares secs cla eercraiiaseca 153,000 } 3,100 1,000 100
Black bass...-.-- 71,000 6, 900 400 2) 62, 000 6, 200 3) (2) 2,700 00
Bluefish..... 242, 000 14, 000 68, 000 4,600 40, 000 3, 400 29, 000 1, 500 100, 000
Butterfish 725, 000 21, 000 685,000 | 19,000 20, 000 1, 400 16, 000 300" | sce eee
Carp, German... 286, 000 8, 000 22,000 1, 200 236, 000 5,700 12,000 500; retwnccencses
Catfish. ........- 738, 000 31, 000 234,000 | 11,000 162, 000 7,000 56, 000 2,700 47, 000
1, 800 80, 000 A BOO | 52 cero celeyece cabs beasts atetronatl rolaerreat eestll Seearenes [Gadeeuarawe
119,000 |} 4,224,000 | 103,000 76, 000 2,100 61, 000 1,800 366, 000
1, 500 61, 000 900) | ccc cescoeedlltceeGtace la oea seed Seeemiaee 15, 000
4, 200 25, 000 1, 400 5,000 DOD) | ererspaeteseteresal| Seieerniaises 5, 200
Flounders......- 189, 000 7,400 153, 000 5, 900 16, 000 11, 000
Hickory shad.... 233, 000 6, 200 81, 000 2, 500 84, 000
Hogfish........-- 109, 000 11, 000 46, 000 6, 800 11, 000
Kingfish, or whit-
MGacssee sess: 95, 000 4, 800 70, 000 3,700 11,000
Menhaden. 190, 089, 000
Minnows 2, 200
Moonfish 10, 000
Mullet.._.... 264, 000 9, 400 57, 000 2, 200 37,000 10
Perch, white 446, 000 27,000 155, 000 9, 200 107, 000 6, 300 1,000 85,000 | 5,000 100 (?)
Perch, yellow.... 118, 000 5, 500 45,000 2,100 40,000 TA800) ec ct edie ecdeden tl Anais aitersel Yoveseeeee 32,000 | 1,600 |......02.0.|-seececeee
Pike and pick-
12, 000 1,000 600 (2) 11, 000 900 200 Nx 2. resavemieticeuiee| secre csys 300 (2)o | caccaaasieealls ree eeeaves:
20, 000 3,100 18,000 25800: bsieccrtise.c sees | Galina 1,000 200 400 100 200 @)- lsuemsesepicnl|taeeaceces
65, 000 3, 500 45, 000 2, 600 17,000 BOO. |iictste. c\zterara| atectrorsmatsers 2, 000 100 1, 200 100) secciens sicis cial] aeemenccecce
63, 000 25900). [Laie cais seegre see fateresarereratess 15, 000 O00). |lezeen setcad| aereare anaes 48, 000 25 OOO! | ercretice eseeere olleececyerzeetne | Rrateratc na thenara slaieicie drcicrcre
7,314, 000 486,000 |} 5,474,000 | 341,000 208,000 | 15,000 |1, 597,000 | 127,000 |...........|......... 35,000 | 3,200 |...........]-..-.---6-
Sheepshead...... 82, 000 5,000 82, 000 A900)" eda Seetetrae eicrita ket leis eanyosl eeheiseaiees 400 (De — | eioeeerercrvescl stotevcees leat ed saedcemasie
Spanish mackerel 276,000 25,000 220, 000 19, 000 200 ) 45, 000 4, 500 Viissszcsnaas| emcee ced 11, 000 1,200) |s.eccsaxaas|| amie snare
SPOtiicsisicccicmaeie 192, 000 15, 000 78,000 6, 300 44,000 4,200 5, 600 500 62, 000 3, 500 2,700 100: |osc2cexneard|eweenaisicats
Squeteague, or a
sea trout.......| 4,491,000 139, 000 |} 3, 463,000 | 103, 000 288,000 | 15,000 61, 000 2,700 268,000 | 11,000 411, 060 4000. | scecesteue mal scise acs cis
Striped bass..... 504, 000 46, 000 160,000 | 14,000 141,000 | 13,000 62, 000 5, 900 33, 000 3, 500 107,000 | 10,000 100 ()
Sturgeon, caviar,
and sturgeon
eggs. 205, 000 49, 000 65,000 | 13, 000
Suckers. . 10, 000 BODY, |Ihe six siatcccrarcruca |sreresreyaists «
Sunfish. ... 58, 000
All other.. 12, 000
Brogssecs sess 3,000
Crabs, hard.... 23, 001, 000
Crabs, soft...-. 2, 082, 000
Terrapin......- 400
Purtlesiics ssccsaxeeee 24,000
Clams, hard......... 41,969, 000 930,000! | ass cca me aes |ershead e|ted Pecitertos demerit ele saciemeces lesmemistierd| sedaiereid « «| eisleleaicnists [olssene bevel arses 41, 969, 000 380, 000
Oysters, market, .
from public areas. .] > 9,581, 000 BAS OOO) [lhe ecccretaiictane [ica lsanrciccs me fartns cease aaeterank |lacotzrars a eyeial oss cie Uleetereial|oratiaie ayes | Seay x oH |e Metsaneise eeneyeanaess [uae 5 9, 581, 000 645, 000
Oysters, market,
from private areas.|¢ 16, 124,000) || 1,322; 000! || a2 c.ciedeos|eccuins sip elvis cetencxeu|eeeees Sus| a ceeeceses|seGa seces [ewe epee doef aemes|aae demesee| Games oe 616,124,000 | 1,322, 000
Oysters, seed, from
public areas....... 7 9, 252, 000 SoCs O00! ec schee ete ulias Shed eed lees etngerdl ces saeansand lial Nsiodie oh | nacisw ois Rodel beaeaasee ied Weeeaes emcnanse 79, 252, 000 357, 000
Oysters, seed, from
private areas.......} 8 568,000 ZI N00 || rca ttgeced| Gaede tees [teiecedoeneze becaa ead eeetaeme sel eae eeree | seamniss mae [eaaceies lass seine fasumee 8 568, 000 24, 000
Scallops. .......-...- $19, 000 Dy MOO! [Nice = eres ype lavacea cis aa flspeicen Sebsarareyerafal| USAAF all wave avstusio’s [Ros zeus aici ater | cen sercveravdiacycPa| —.comraumnetaveca | atavereeeatanestrm jesse chore 919,000 2, 400
Skins—mink, musk-
rat, and otter -.._. 10 300 BOOK [ficserzts'a.2ectnieta| avaikhdicbathes 2 asems ste cieralshe|emiaisis aie aul a see erawns as eels [teeieental ae caees ln temean s lewen vtec 10 300 400
1 Includes apparatus, with ‘catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 45,954,000 pads, valued at $2,781,000; dip nets, 828,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; eel pots, 48,000
pounds, valued at $2,100; traps, 300 pounds, valued at $400; and minor apparatus, 1,617,
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
4 246,000 bushels.
5 1,369,000 bushels.
6 2,303,000 bushels.
00 pounds, valued at $97,000.
7 1,322,000 bushels.
9 2,300 gallons.
8 81,000 bushels.
10 1,000 skins,
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 257
TaBLtE 2.—VIRGINIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
TOTAL. PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
SPECIES. —— trap Seines. Lines. Gill nets. 3 Leelee hoop | aj] other apparatus.
Quantity
(pounds). Value. :
uantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit
(pounds).} Y@!%Me- | (pounds). | V@lMe- | Gounds).| V2lue- |Gounds).| Value: \Gounds).| Value- (senna). Value.
Total.....-.--- 301, 596,000 |$4,046, 000 |/49, 769,000 |$732,000 |191, 109,000 |$508,000 |14, 836,000 |$179.000 |3, 284,000 |$170,000 |1,174,000 [$44,000 |41, 425,000 |$2, 413,000
Fish:
37,713, 000 168,000 |/32, 758,000 | 136,000 | 3,722,000 | 20,000 ]...........J......... 1,105, 000 9,200 | 127,000] 2,400 1,000 100
- 14, 000 1,100 400 (?) 7,000 600 2,700 200 3 a 3, 700 BOO Ise ceamecss s| eae secure
204, 000 11,000 56, 000 3,700 20,000
600, 000 17,000 560,000 } 15,000 20,000
192,000 5, 200 22,000 1, 200 145, 000
641,000 28,000 |) 234,000] 11,000 71,000
80,000 80,000 10
Croaker......-.--| 3,437,000
Drum, salt-water 31,000
Eels......-..---- 84,000
Flounders.....-. 88, 000 3,000 78,000 | 2,500 2,500) 100 ]...........)..020....
Hickory shad....} 233,000 6, 200 81,000] 2,500 84,000
g 109, 000 11,000 46,009 6, 800 11,000
t 24,000 1,100 12, 000 500 5,800
190,049,000 | 429,000 |) 3,844,000 | 10,000 |186, 205, 000
2,200 Q00 | easscmecces|eymesa et a 2,200
10,000 400 10,000 400° |nzeeaccseccs
181,000 6,400 36, 000 1,300 24,000
392,000 24,000 133, 000 7,900 78,000
Perch, yellow....| 101,000 4,800 45,000 | 2,100 24,000
Pike and pickerel 3,800 300 600 (2) 3,000
3,000 18,000 2; 800 te wiccarciecueee%
2,500 41,000} 2,300 2,000
1; 200: Wlssrsmecwmeiss lorie arcaidls 04 alge ozs i
481,000 || 5,435,000 | 337,000 203, 000
Sheepshead...... 1,900 200 1,500 TOO: bceeceone cence erated! 400 | CP Posttcay yiciag |e estate| sececmeyarereis |aearaieeg es nell eel tfelete Hons: [etmersicien a a
Spanish mackerel 99, 000 9,100 88,000] 7,900 DOONEY: = Nasbwe secon sae acct ear ousteneesraeas 11,000 | 1,200 |...........]--.-2--.- s
Se 154,000 12,000 48,000 4,300 42,000 2,700 100 fie sccccensc|aceeeceese
Squeteague. 3,557,000 100,000 |} 2,809,000 | 75,000 212,000 355,000 | 6, 800° | cccacssves| acces es
Striped bass 502,000 46,000 158,000 | 14,000 141,000 107,000 | 10,000 100 (2)
Sturgeon........ 85,000 9, 400 54,000 | 6,300 1,000 B00, (2) Jone ee eee ee epee sete ee ee
Caviar and stur-
geon eggs...... 8,900 11,000
Suckers.........- 10,000 500
All other......-. 12,000 500
Frogs.......222+-22++ 3,000 700
Crabs, hard........-- 23,001,000 239,000
Crabs, soft.......---- 2,082,000 87,000
Turtlesiscc2 ces sees 24,000 00
Clams, hard.......-. 41,113,000 217,000
Oysters, market ‘
a oe public areas. 5 &, 723,000 55°) 00 | mm RR Dd da ed 8,723, 000 591,000
ysters, market,
otm private areaS.|6 12,833,000 | 1,102,000 |]........2..]-..2eceecfeeeeeeeeeeee[ees eee eeefeee eee eeeeefenes eer ecec eee ees dl saneseaeclusceaeceneleceored "12,833,000 | 1,102,000
sters, seed, from
atte areas......- 77,958,000 | © 200,000 ||rvccncessne|sccecunse]eseesesenmnsl tvauenee| cos eacsewe-[ ovat sh de] coe seeaey.| sees ekecnlenteuenses|eneeten: 7 7,258,000 | 299,000
Oysters, seed, from
Devas areas......., 8 568, 000 D230) | Ren Been Denn n nnn COttntnnn COCeC Coren Corer c ce coo eee bees sees) Pee eee eee 8 568, 000 24,000
Skins—mink, musk- 2300 400
rat, and otter..-.-. 9 300 ADD ||... cee cceccleccccncccleccescccses cle ceceecceleceseeccenaleesceeeceleeseeeseeeleersencccfacesrsceenlsoesceee
i h, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 40,527,000 pounds, valued at $2,379,000; dip nets, 828,000 ounds, valued at $29,000; eel pots, 44,000
nae ie oa oot ane ini, and otter ieee, 300 pounds, valued at $400; and mney apparatus, s0800 pounds, valued at ee 0 waskials
yee 4'139,000 bushels. d : ,000 bu f
3 oe than on pou 5 1,246,000 bushels. 7 1,037,000 bushels. 91,000 skins.
76786°—11——_17
258 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 3.—VIRGINIA—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Pound and trap nets. Seines. Lines. Fyke and hoop nets. | All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantit: Quantit: Quantit:
(pounds). | Value. (pounds». Value. | Sounds). | Value. | (hounds). | V@lue- | Sounds). | V@le- | Goundsy. | Value.
TOtal.cs sveeeceeaieernres 10,918,000 | $670,000 || 2,791,000 | $101,000 524,000 | $23,000 270,000 | $11,000 106,000 $2,500 | 7,226,000 | $532,000
Kin; LU sehaanyaddemce acne 70,000
Mullet: -sccscecciewnene sane 83, 000
ead WUC scesis seis ciaseseire 54,000
Perch, VOMOW so sscicciecissiae 17,000
Pike and pickere]........... 8,500
Seu; 22,000
Sea 21,000
Shai f
Sheepshead 80, 000
Spanish mackerel........... 177,000
DO basisiacicsieiss sacar serine gree 38, 000
Squeteague................- 934, 000
Striped bass...........-..-- 2,000
Sturgeon...........22..2---- 98, 000
Caviar and sturgeon eggs... 13,000
MNASD soos sees eee sine 58, 000
Ad) OtheP.cesisisncececicea esse 41,000
TOTPBP I oa.5 » ocinsivieeicieieis snes saan 400
Clams, hard...........-.--.-.-- 3 856, 000
Crete, market, from Line
4 858, 000
5 3,291,000
Oysters, se -| § 1, 994, 000
SCOOPS sis swis atreicssianarsics cies inertminets 719,000
3,200
5,800
3)000
3 3, 291, 000
“| 61, 994) 000
719,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5, oe 000 pounds, valued at $403,000; gill nets, 205,000 pounds, valued at $35,000; eel pots, 3,300 pounds,
valued at $100; and minor apparatus, 1,591,000
2 Less than $100. 3107, 000 bush
pounds, valued at $95,0
els, 4123, oD. ace 5 470,000 bushels. 6 285,000 bushels.
TaBLE 4,.—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
7 2,300 gallons.
@
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Seines. Pound and trap nets. Lines. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value.
T0talev.coseecceseveeesiaceeeseteceees 207,070, 000 |$1,009,000 |) 186,361,000 | $427,000 7,016,000 | $58,000 321, 000 $6, 400 13,371,000 | $517,000
Fish:
AleWives.......ccccccceccccnsccescenees 6, 358, 000 22000 Il ae icnsirsuisntetaclles aencecce 6, 358, 000 22,000
BIVCASD oon oaijaecins tocaaesncumieemnnsniae 37, 000 2,900 25, 000 2, 000 100 (GJ
Butterishicssescadacmoencinncaceninuecea 7, 500 OO: || 3; sreiciderorejaysia,sscsil siniciecsoe ane’ 7,500
Carp, GerMatdcunantaasevecsiabesentcd 6, 000 300 6, 000 B00) | ecaoieienroz
Catach... .ciciccctoricmincmcasistioacscmanas 22, 000 800 9, 000 400 13,000
CPOAKECR 5.5.2 Se scised nce oeiseee sein aeecee 93000'1) D800" || spices sellers crs syerner 53,000
WS 2 ire bcos eeeerode Sie atinbeiseieressioi slelas tila 8, 300 400
Hogfish . ie 900
Menhade 186, 205, 000
Mullet...... ra 3,000
Pere WHI or aie vcinie cece sn casreloeese tans 8, 300
Perch, VollOw sciccccotssceasecs reiecasaoe 9, 000
JOU esac sisraisiavsi esa cieteialete aielorssaise temteewieais ss 17,000
BOB WASS a cesrcpe aid slecisimiemetaiait om ctomieiiaeinens 63, 000
SLAY b cca cae sic emacs anise see cise Gipeeeiait 588, 000
SpObscnmecenmininag alin bay ne ee Mme 3,000
Bq ue teaguUe nrc cic ccceicicccsic ce taciecece 58, 000
Striped bass.......------------+++---e5- 28, 000
Caviar and sturgeon eggs...........-.-- 100
All Othe? «csesccaxsaxeecercsaasscwsecess 500
Crabs, hard. 6, 722, 000
Crabs, soft. 115, 000
Clams, hard. , ce21e20+ os 4 42, 000 ,0
Oysters, market, from p as. . -{ ©1,661, 000 51, 661, 000
Oysters, market, from private areas.......- 6 3, 596, 000 63, 596,000 271, 000
Oysters, seed, from public areas............ 71,313, 000 7 1) 313,000 51,000
Cysters, seed, from private areas........... 8 105, 000 8 105, 000 4,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc.,
valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 188,000 p
ounds, valued at $5,400.
2 Less than $100. 8 Less than 100 pounds. 45,300 Deena & 237,000 bushels. 6 514,000 bushels.
7 188,000 bushels.
18,171,000 pounds, valued at $511,000; gill nets, 9,500 pounds, valued at $500; eel pots, 3,300 pounds
15,000 bushels.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 259
TasLE 5,—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. Seines. Pound and trap nets. Lines. All other apparatus.!
Quantit; Quantit: Quantit Quantit Quantit
(pounds). | Value. || (pounds). | Value. Geran, Value. | Gounds). | Vue | (pounds). | Value.
TOCA eisieiaisrd sarsanreisistdeiouts oaioneen cease 206, 537,000 | $985,000 186. 286,000 | $424,000 7,016,000 | $58,000 301,000-} $5,300 12,933,000 | $498, 000
Fish:
mae SaGe ARR SEES CSER RES eens ese 6,358,000 | 22,000 })..........2...|.-22-222-- Gi 358000 | 22,000 cies nececicd sive eaacinest aacaamerps cow saemedases
a Deas _ ait 800 5,000 400 100 a 6, 000 400) | asses cce seme aidlerecierun tie
Carp, German. 6,000 ;
Catfish 22,000
93, 000
* 300
186, 205, 000
000
8,300
9, 000
42,000
588, 000
3,000
Squeteague, or sea trout..............--. 27,000
Striped bass............-22---.. s 28,000
Sturgeon, caviar, and sturgeon eggs e 400
AUD OCCT cis css: vivcreaaieatadektexmecicenen: 200
Crabs, hard 2.206 ceicsessciceciews smccosecn 6, 722, 000
Crabs, soft... sia: clauevaia:otsic atstaiens Seaetiers ats 115, 000
Clams, Dard sé cscawacweusiors srmanvosheimececice: 4 30,000
Oysters, market, from public areas. .. ---| §1,653,000
Oysters, market, from private areas. . 6 3, 451,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas..... ---| 71,041,000 i
Oysters, seed, from private areas............ 8 105,000 8 105,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 12,913,000 pounds, valued at $497,000; gill nets, 9,500 pounds, valued at $500; eel pots, 3,300 pounds,
valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 7,000 pounds, valued at $200. .
2 Less than $100. 3 Less than 100 pounds. 43,800 bushels. 4 236,000 bushels. 6 493,000 bushels. 7149,000 bushels. 815,000 bushels.
TaBLeE 6.—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Dredges, tongs, etc. Seines. Lines. Minor apparatus.
Quantity Quantity Quantit: Quantit Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value (pounds). Value (pounds). Value.
Siupouies Ve eee teaser eneetaen iets 534,000 | $24,000 258,000 | $14,000 75,000 $3, 800 20, 000 $1, 100 181, 000 $5, 200
isiape Moms Ded sais SEK ee eee ROSE 26, 000 2,100
ie ree 17,000 700
ievads ap cncbatcinie Er dia rare Wie veherersre wleteinie pis\eie' =m 21,000 1,300
Acts spacTacarsee a RaITERE EERE SE 31, 000 900
Clams, hard.........--.----- sie 112,000 2, 200 112,000
Oysters, market, from public areas. 2 8, 800 500 2 8, 800
Oysters, market, from private areas 3146, 000 8, 200 3 146,000
Oysters, seed, from public areas......-..---- 4 272,000 8,300 92, 000 181, 000
1 1,500 bushels. 21,200 bushels. 3 21,000 bushels. 4 39,000 bushels.
260 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 7.—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
sekca pouneee trap Gill nets. Lines, Seines. Hye and hoop | Ai other apparatus.!
Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantit Quantity
(pounds). | Value. || ounds).| V@U*- \@pounas).| Vue. | Gounds).| Value. |Sounds),| Value. (pounds). Value. | Sounds}.| Value.
MOtal cect asc 105, 444, 000 /$3, 707, 000 |/45, 543, 000 |$776, 000 |3, 479,000 |$204, 000 |14, 785, 000 |$184, 000 |5, 272, 000 |$103, 000 |1, 279,000 |$47, 000 |35, 085, 000 |$2, 393, 000
Fish:
Alewives.......... 31, 526, 000 149,000 |/26, 531,000 | 117,000 |1, 105, 000 95200 Wecsetadescelencagases 3, 736,000 | 20,000 | 153,000
iss 71, 000 +900 400 2 3 2 200 100 5,700
Kingfish __ 4,800 70,000
Menhaden 3,884,000 10,000 |} 3,884,000
2,200 900 ||.....-..---
10,000 400 10,000
261,000 9,200 57,000
Perch, white...... 438,000 26,000 154,000
Perch, yellow...... 109,000 5,100 45,000 2100 tle cnensienes Paar vanwel ae htornckas| Deeeeaaes
Pike and pickerel_. 12,000 1,000 600 (Coe Ge 20, ce) |e) ree
Pompano 3,100 18,000} 2,800; 1,000; 200; $400} 100]..........
cUup....... 2,800 45,000!) 2, 6008 orciyaes ene otf we creel oeerreacawelemenieme ce
Shad vise 452,000 || 4,895,000 | 307,000 |1,588,000 | 127,000 |..-........]..-......
Sheepshead 5,000 82,000!) 4,900 |ecsessscestecescesce] 400) @) leseescecce
Spanish mackerel.. 25,000 220,000 | 19,000} 45,000} 4,500 ]...........]..-.--.--
DOG is siehcaieen dares 14,000 78,000
Squetea; 137,000 || 3,461,000 | 103,000 61,000 2,700 250,000 | 10,000 | 250,000
Striped bass 44,000 158,000 | 14,000 61,000 5,800 33,000 3,400 | 117,000
Sturgeon.......... 22,000 60,000 6,800 | 122,000) 15,000 |...........].-..-.... 1,000
Caviar and stur-
geon egegs........ 22,000 27,000
Suckers.....-....- 10,000 500
S 58,000 1,200
12,000 500
3,000 700
-| 16,279,000 | 169,000
.| 1,967,000 834000
500 500
24,000 500
Clams, hard........... 11,927,000 374,000 41,927,000 374,000
Oysters, market, from
public areas......... 5 7,920,000 532,000 5 7,920,000 532,000
Oysters, market, from
private areas........ 61.2528; 000! 10505000 ||. ncte ne cce'asn| Ssareaktaise| teeeree es |ieeee epee Sees ete demise heety toeayend bon aesael ebbakaineeaeel 612,528,000 | 1,050,000
Oysters, seed, from
public areas......... 77,939,000 BOG OOO: I ssaisecyssztsiceecois || sseiarstass leis |veyaintate cs cistoeel| ecaee Sex felt | esesicxssyesacesnl| aicvescestess ols loots atace-gaseast iw [erere pearerensis ateinsatevsie aisle easets-eser5's 7 7,939,000 306,000
Oysters, seed, from
private areas........ 8 463,000 20000 || is arewatnrlleieeciewess eemce day ed ealag dane balfesee ted Sac] eacetenwe leek use leamee eeu semcebeoeeleaemaae 8 463,000 20,000
Scallops s.csajencusosdexs 919,000 2 A00 | as iain arose apace |foumraraceisncle s | Searoejave Giais: a iach (aie i lls wisieraew aratatal | Slecesierseaiae [Sis esia sie ciate] Sia wisieroleiers baesisteiste'sl Safe sia aiecaiels 919,000 2,400
Skins—mink,muskrat,
and otter............ 10 300 BOO | stia scream loslasts aug [Somers acin| acienisicictellamelsicnuemen| seeviad ses jews ol eencaleoewe eas lees eemte ema sd 10 300 400
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 32,783,000 pounds, valued at $2,270,000; dip nets, 828,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; eel pots, 44,000
pounds, valued at $1,900; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 300 pounds, valued at $400; and minor apparatus, 1,429,000 pounds, valued at $92,000.
2 Less than $100. 5 1,131,000 bushels. 7 1,134,000 bushels. 9 2,300 gallons.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 6 1,790,000 bushels. § 66,000 bushels. 10 1,000 skins
4 241,000 bushels.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. 261
Tass 8.—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
paces: ales trap Lines. Gill nets. Seines. al Seg hoop | 4) other apparatus.!
Quantit Quantity Quantity ‘| Quantity Quantity Quantit Quantity ;
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
NotAloseesseeveeces 95,060,000 [$3,061,000 | 42,752,000 $674,000 14,535,000 |$173, 000 | 3,275,000 |8170, 000 |4,823, 000 | $84,000 [1,174,000 $44,000 |28, 502,000 |$1,915, 000
Fish:
Alewives.......-...- 31,355,000 146,000 |'26,399,000 | 114,000 |..........|........- 1,105,000 9,200 |3, 722,000 | 20,000 | 127,000} 2,400 1,000 100
Black bass.......... 14,000 1,100 400| © 2,700 200 @ (2) 7,000 600 ,700 B00 esses ote adaden thee
Bluefish............- 193,000 10,000 || 56,000] 3,700] 88,000] 3,800 29,000 | 1,500| 15,000
Butterfish........... 593,000 16,000 552,000 | 15,000 |........-.|...---.5- 16,000 300 20,000
Carp, German....... 186, 000 4,900 22,000 1, 200 \lessoscrid 2 [xe essere 12,000 500 | 139,000
Catfish «.. cccs5ssccce: 619,000 28,000 221,000 ; 11,000 47,000
Crevallé 1,800 80,000} 1,800 ]..........
82,000 |.2,844,000 | 69,000} 251,000
31,000 1
3,700 25,000 1,400 5,200
Flounders........-.- 88, 000 3,000
Hickory shad.. 233, 000 6,200
ogfish..... 108, 000 11,000
Kingfish... . 24,000 1,100 D
Menhaden........... 3,844, 000 10,000 |'3,844,000 | 10,000 |.......2..[.e.. eee fleece ee fee eee eeepc eee eee
Minnows.........--- 2,200 900 2,200
Moonfish 10,000 400: |) 10;000| 400 |e cccscasce| es an tence| Stange aeacisieies sciclteee escent
Mullet......- 178,000 6, 200 21,000
Perch, white. . = 384,000 24,000 71,000
Perch, yellow......- 92,000 4,400 15,000
Pike and pickerel.... 3,800 ‘ 300 3,000
000 |} 18,000} 2,800}; #400} 100} #£®£1,000) 200).........-
2) 500 2,000
447, oa 203, 000
vou 42 300
pot 2,000
Squeteague.......... 3,530,000 | 997000 199, 000
Striped bass......... 474,000 44,000 117,000
Sturgeon........-.-- 85, 000 9, 400
Caviar and sturgeon
OPPS oa chiseeeceecn 8,900 11,000
Suckerse.s:2 siccwes ces 10,000 500
All other........-.-. 12,000 500
PYOGS. siseea seessaseienss 3,000 700
Crabs, hard..........--- 116,279,000 | 169,000
Crabs, soft..........----- 1; at 10) 83, pan
Turtles..............-.--
Clams, hard.........---- 41,082,000 | 213,000 41,082,000 | 213,000
Oysters, market, from
apie areas... 02... 57,070,000 | 479,000 }.........-|ee0-2eeeefeeeeeeeeeefecee cece efeeee cece efeeeeeeee fore ee seen e[eee ec teaf eee teceeeeleeeeeees 57,070,000 | 479,000
Oysters, market, from
obtivate ATEAS. «an 69,382,000 | 838,000 ||........-.]--22ee-2e]eeeeeceeee[eeeeceeeefee ce eeeceee[eeeeeceee| cree eeeeafereeeeseefecreeeeseefereeeees ¢9,382,000 | 838,000
sters, seed, from pub-
ic AREAS a RG? 000 257,000 ||.. 0... 222-feceeceesefeeeeceecee[eeeecceeeeceeeeceeeefereeeeceefeeee cee eee| cress ee eleeeeaeeeeafeeeeeees 76,217,000 | 257,000
Oysters, seed, from pri-
Lr ee ane 8 463,000 | 20,000 ||.......2--fe-eeeeeeefeeee eee cefeeee see efeseeeeee ee efeee eee seefeer ere ese[iceese ce efseeeeseadessce ees * 463,000 | 20,000
Skins—mink, muskrat,; | dolce fees 9300 400
and otter.........----- § 300 400
; i : lued at $1,881,000; dip nets, 828,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; eel pots, 41,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 27,614,000 pounds, valu ,881, , 828, P i
* mi 300 pounds, valued at $400; and minor apparatus, 19,000 pounds, valued at $1,900.
pounds; valued oon eg ang are oe 38 000 bushels, 6 1,340,000 bushels. , ‘ 866,000 bushels.
3 Less than 100 pounds. 6 1,010,000 bushels. 7 888,000 bushels, 9 1,000 skins.
262 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 9.—VIRGINIA—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
iis Pound and trap | int nets. Seines. Lines. aigke Baa Romp) ski ubhee sens:
Quantity Quantit Quantity Quantit Quantit; Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds), Value.
10,385,000 |$646,000 |/2, 791,000 }$101,000 | 205,000 /$35,000 | 449,000 |$19,000 | 250,000 |$10,000 | 106,000 | $2,500 |6,583,000 |$478,000
172,000 ,200 |} 131,000 14,000] | 200]........
58, 000 , 800 56,000
12,000, “900: 12,000) | (900; |cenccceeclt setacedlaedansee es [tae bere) eeterniis al sieleaminal DSeeermieres
125, 000
94, 000
97,000
1, 402, 000
48,000
3, 300
100, 000
70,000
83,000 21,000
Perch, white........2.......- 54,000] 2,900 22, 000
Perch, yellow................ 17,000 700 ||.......-.-
Pike and pickerel............. 8,500} 600 |].....-.-.-
Scups vevevecdavecseseeeewesdel 4,700
Shades soso ccioctsaxsee mein 22 48, 000
Sheepshead.....--...-.--..-- 80, 000
Spanish mackerel. .........-.. 177,000
SPO be-:aiscs caren neweeedecewa se 38,000
Squeteague...........--.---.- 903, 000
Striped bass...........-.-.--- , 000
Sturgeon ss 2 2c.2casececemcce 98,000
Caviar and sturgeon eggs..... 13,000
SUNfIshi.s...0cscieeccce. seco 58, 000
All other... :..cesseveevcesaess 41,000
Terrapin «2:65.85: .egsesi esac ess 400
Clams, hard). an: ss euciinncicns 3 844,000
Oysters, market, from public areas| 4 849,000
Oysters, market, from private
QICIS | cs oceans ce heeu iat 5 3,145,000 | 212,000 53,145,000 an
Oysters, seed, from public areas. ..] 1,721,000 | 50,000 - -[61,721 ,000 0, 000
Scallops'cisiet siscenenesaceecedetess 719,000 2,400 7 19,000 2,400
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5,169,000 pounds, valued at $389,000; eel pots, 3,300 pounds, valued at $100; and minor apparatus
1,410,000 pounds, valued at $90,000.
2 Less than $100. 3 106,000 bushels. 4 121,000 bushels.
WASHINGTON.
Washington ranked fourth among the states in
1908 in the extent of its fisheries, as measured by the
value of their products, which was $3,513,000, and
was exceeded only by Massachusetts, Virginia, and
New York. Among the Pacific coast states it ranked
first in this respect both at the present census and at
the canvasses of 1899 and 1904, while at the can-
vasses of 1888, 1892, and 1895 it stood second.
In this report the fishing grounds of Washington are
divided into two districts: The Pacific Ocean district,
which comprises the Pacific Ocean, Puget Sound and
other inlets, and all rivers, except the Columbia,
flowing into the Pacific Ocean; and the Columbia River.
A summary of the principal statistics relating to
the fisheries of the state for the year 1908 is given in
the following tabular statement:
Number of persons employed............-----++++-+- 4, 954
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit..............-- $1, 970, 000
Apparatus of capture........---------+--++--+-+-- 1, 162, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............ 309, 000
Value-of product... 6.0. .ceccescasceesaeneeneenecere 3, 513, 000
5 449,000 bushels. © 246,000 bushels. 7 2,300 gallons.
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The figures for
the number of persons employed and the amount
reported as the value of the investment in shore and
accessory property, together with cash capital, are not
comparable with those for previous canvasses, inas-
much as the latter include returns from canneries and
packing houses and wholesale dealers. In the follow-
ing tabular statement, however, which gives a com-
parative summary for the canvasses of 1888, 1892,
1895, 1899, 1904, and 1908, comparable figures have
been secured by eliminating shoresmen and the
amounts reported for shore and accessory property and
cash capital:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
Persons
employ-
YEAR. eae Vessels and r tell
oats, pparatus uantity
eee Total. including | of capture. (pounds). Value.
2° outfit.
4,879 |] $3, 132,000 |} $1,970,000 | $1,162,000 |} 100, 456, 000 |$3, 513, 000
6, 074 2, 548, 000 859, 000 1, 690, 000 88,955,000 | 2,973,000
5,617 || 2,620, 000 775,000 | 1,845,000 || 120,588,000 | 2,871,000
5,008 72, 000 331, 000 42, 000 59,080,000 | 1,402,000
3, 458 630, 000 281,000 349, 000 36, 757, 000 932, 000
2, 854 651, 000 249,000 402, 000 23, 362, 000 891, 000
FISHERIES,
The fisheries of the state have shown a steady
growth, the value of their products having more than
quadrupled during the twenty years between 1888
and 1908. The value of vessels and boats has
increased steadily since 1888. In the value of appa-
ratus of capture, howeyer, there has been a gradual
BY STATES. 268
decrease since 1899, and the number of persons
employed in 1908 was smaller than in 1895, 1899, or
1904.
Persons employed.—The following table shows the
distribution of the persons employed in 1908 for the
state and for the two districts:
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
, Number. Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
Proprietors
and inde- | Salaried Wage-
Total. pendent |employees.| earners. Total. Salaries. Wages.
fishermen.
POCA so s:n vei nsatciarsieis cistern atoats. cele ten are tinne Samed cigtaciee dn vig b ciwalt adleinideombielaeeaicd 4,954 12, 058 25 2,871 || $1,224,000 $24, 000 | 2 $1, 200, 000
Vessel fisheries. . 1,109 1,025 685, 000 672, 000
Transporting vessels. 134 129 59,000 |) yi
Shore and boat fisher: 3, 636 1, 642 448,000 437, 000
Shoresmen 15 5 32, 000 32,000
Pacific Océan distr etic. se xisirsccmtrc ain cinats Heuisiows cocvwen saaueecceuss beuevecasiasa ced 3,511 1,369 22 2,120 || 1,085,000 23, 000 1,062, 000
Vessel ‘fisheries o:4ueJvcst vised cease vaeeearnetaaeiat edi dence vee se vemeneteadade 1,109 70 14 1,025 685, 000 13, 000 672, 000
Transporting vessels. . 117 CR Eee eereeely 115 55,000 |/.......-..-- 55, 000
Shore and boat fisheries. wei assualt ares fore id 2,210 1,297 8 905 313, 000 10, 000 303, 000
SHOTOSMICN 2:58 2 oad ncreinesumalecitiondcs au SenRraesh nese decmoaeeeeeketaaaemesaeen! 1:| ei ceeceatescrcintanc eros Secret 75 32,000 |]..-.--.--.-- 32, 000
COlGin bia Rivers occ ccccoaiceaesensaas tends caimaccacmsed oouemcts dawsiex teases seen ee se 1,443 689 3 751 139, 000 800 138, 000
Transporting vessels. . 17 Bl personae 14 4200: \Perercrenecreiee 4, 200
Shore and boat fisheries - 1,426 686 3 737 135, 000 800 134, 000
1 Exclusive of 35 proprietors not fishing.
The fisheries of the Pacific Ocean district gave
occupation to approximately seven-tenths of the total
number employed in fishing and to three-fourths of the
number employed in the shan and boat fisheries.
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement shows in detail the number and value of
vessels and boats, the value of shore and accessory
property, and the amount of cash invested in 1908,
both for the state as a whole and for the two districts:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER
CAPITAL: 1908.
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. a
acific :
Total. Ocean Columbia
district. "
Dotal:....0c cps cisi age sdacese resco sesse $3,441,000 || $2, 592,000 $850, 000
Vv including outfit.......-..----------- 1,594, 000 1, 572,000
errs SEE PR Capa ree inet ol RE 1)352,000 || 1,352,000
od crec ese eearae eet 1/194, 000 || 1,194, 000
daldisinaciacagarceesccesee ee 841,000 841,000
Stet Sue ticerageae 353, 000 353, 000
ig is specbrsiccrayetaredifors 157,000 157,000
113, 000 113,000
44,000 44,000
1,100 1,100
242,000 220, 000
Mass 235, 000 213, 000
cease 200, 000 181,000
ate e Sache ssi ametiek alee 35, 000 32,000
nese ieee elute eeReS 6, 900 sie a
1 aise had ncaa sem SeonE Ge 377, 000 25,
aim and motor..........--+--e+e+eee- 120; 000 57,000
snveemdeeiSs 95,000 9,900
47,000 42,000
116, 000 116, 000
Apparatus of capture... 1, 162, nee eee a
Vessel fisheries. ....-.. 60, 00 Boe pop
Shore and boat fisheries 1 Bt ee ead
Fluor and accessory proper Se B00
Of the total capital invested in the fisheries of
Washington in 1908, 46 per cent, or somewhat less
than one-half, represented the value of fishing and
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $187,000.
transporting vessels, the value of fishing vessels
alone forming 39 per cent, or not quite two-fifths.
The investment in vessels was mainly in power
craft of at least 5 tons register, the value of which
constituted 42 per cent, or slightly more than
two-fifths, of the total capital employed, while the
value of all other classes of vessels formed only 5 per
cent of the total. In the fisheries of the Pacific
Ocean district 61 per cent, or almost exactly three-
fifths, of the capital was invested in vessels, as com-
pared with a corresponding percentage of a little over
2 for the Columbia River fisheries, where all of the
comparatively small number of vessels employed were
engaged in transporting the catch.
Next to the value of vessels, that of apparatus of
capture was the largest item of capital, amounting to
34 per cent, or about one-third of the total. By far
the largest proportion—68 per cent, or slightly more
than two-thirds—of the capital employed in the fish-
eries of the Columbia River represented the value of
apparatus of capture. The value of boats formed 11
per cent of the total investment for the state, that
of shore and accessory property 6 per cent, and the
amount of cash 3 per cent, all the cash reported being
invested in the Pacific Ocean district.
Statistics as to the number and tonnage of vessels
and the number of boats are given in the next tabu-
lar statement.
The vessels engaged in fishing in 1908 comprised 85
steam and 22 sail vessels, with a combined tonnage of
3,991, and 11 unrigged craft, the value of all classes of
fishing vessels being $955,000. Of these, all of which
were used in the Pacific Ocean district, 45 belonged
e
264
to the halibut fleet and eight were employed in the
cod fisheries, the remaining 65 being practically all
used in making the salmon catch.
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. .
Pacific ‘
Total. Ocean Colas
district. ;
Vessels, number.......-...--------- 20-002 eee 190 182 8
Fishing, Numbers... ....ccisceeecewes aciwees 118 TS: |2 = execaseens
Steam and motor—
NIM Ber os wis seeceereee tis Sa xeicaines 85 BO} |aceaieeieie
TOMDS LE s eps syateseecisseciseaseeie 2,329 p20! le araisicicteyezesercie
Sail—
NUM Der iss sab eneetece aah ce 22 OY Nis sss iacetssenates
RONDA PC i.e hticiwied sok vais 1,662 1,662. |2. 22222005
Other, NumMbe ress seecsceces cetaceans ll AD | aes eceoeercescers
Transporting, number.....-............. 72 64 8
Steam and motor—
WM DOR sists ce dite oceans a teleeons 46 38 8
NOWMALC s wccven cara tei Redeewekd 615 540 75
Other, number's: 222.2252: seeeesee 26 20 lows ethan
BOSts NUM DER cece) tye se cistenginie ss eismceiniars 2,798 2,043 755
Steam and motor... 239 87 152
DBE e eciseisietje ietecsige vaso deeutoe eee 561 81 480
ROW 5 acitecivieciepaoonvntekuieeadcaradaues 1,535 1,412 123
OtbGlecceeedeneseiamtedseaies saktaaeacs 4 463. |ocecctescess
In addition to the vessels engaged in fishing, 46
registered vessels and 26 unrigged barges and scows
were used exclusively for transporting the catch. Of
this number, only eight were used on the Columbia
River. The pound and trap net catch of Puget
Sound was credited to the shore and boat fisheries, the
tugs used in moving the catch from the traps to the
canneries or markets being classified as transporting
rather than fishing vessels.
In 1904 there were 50 fishing vessels and 80 trans-
porting vessels reported by the Bureau of Fisheries.
The present census therefore shows a large increase
in the number and value of fishing vessels reported,
and a small decrease in the number and value of
vessels engaged exclusively in transporting the catch.
The number of power boats employed was 239 and
their value $120,000, as compared with 63 boats, all
operated by gasoline and valued at $44,000, in 1904.
Of the boats reported in 1908, 152, valued at $62,000,
were used on the Columbia River, and 87, valued at
$57,000, in the other waters of the state. In contrast
to this large increase in power boats, there was a ma-
terial decrease in both the number and the value of
other boats reported, including both sail and row boats.
The combined number of sail and row boats reported in
1904 was 3,448, and their value $310,000, while in 1908
only 2,096, valued at $141,000, were in use. The sail-
boat is still employed to a considerable extent on the
Columbia River, while practically all the rowboats are
in use on Puget Sound and other inland waters. The
boats included under the head ‘‘Other” are scows or
barges of less than 5 tons register.
The amount invested in apparatus of capture in
1908 was $1,162,000, as compared with $1,690,000 in
1904. This large decrease was caused to a great extent
by the fact that gill nets are taking the place of pound
nets and seines in the salmon fisheries. The number
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
of pound nets reported showed a decrease, while the
number of gill nets reported increased from 1,537 in
1904 to 2,221 in 1908. The extending of the fisheries
so as to include in the catch many species of fish which
a few years ago were considered of little or no impor-
tance has resulted in an increased use of the purse seine,
The investment in apparatus of capture is nearly
equal for the two districts into which the state is
divided, the apparatus reported for the fisheries of the
Pacific Ocean district being valued at $586,000 and
that reported for fisheries of the Columbia River at
$576,000.
The value of the apparatus employed in the shore
and boat fisheries, $1,102,000, is greatly in excess of
that reported for vessel fisheries, $60,000. Of the
latter amount, $45,000, or slightly more than 75 per
cent, represented the value of lines used for the cod
and halibut catch.
While the pound net is used more extensively in the
salmon fisheries of Puget Sound, the larger gill nets
are found in the Columbia River fisheries, for which
926 were reported, as compared with 1,295 gill nets
returned as used elsewhere in the state. Fish wheels,
of which 13 were reported, were in use only on the
Columbia River, and their catch was confined to sal-
mon. The following tabular statement shows statis-
tics as to the number of the more important kinds of
apparatus of capture:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.1
KIND. P
Pacific ;
Total. |; Ocean oe
district. 3
Beam trawls..- ni: scc0sesecss: csedeewucscsacs Vie ad |estecteeomae
Grabtpotssi.sidiccvavisachmemcimaas Somtance aren eels 7,755 I 155: | Sysco
Dip Netsic.sctenwssaperee sees <serepesees seers BD) | ws seen asin 86
Gill nets... 2,221 1,295 926
Pound nets 365 137 228
BOIS aise sa tiecs ewes 349 314 35
Trap and hoop nets. Syke 180 |. ASO! Vrcsarsa erertidioac
Wieelsigicceccitseccciiecietinns uoadacssatabatce 13) | esectesssees 13
1 Allused in shore and boat fisheries, except 1 beam trawl, 2 gill nets, and 45 seines.
Products, by species.—Table 1, on page 267, shows in
detail the quantity and value of the products, by
species and by apparatus of capture, for 1908. The
total products of the Washington fisheries in 1908
amounted to 100,456,000 pounds, valued at $3,513,-
000, as compared with 88,955,000 pounds, valued at
$2,973,000, in 1904, an increase of 11,502,000 pounds,
or 13 per cent, in quantity, and $541,000, or 18 per
cent, in value. The increase reported for halibut
alone was very large, amounting to 18,086,000 pounds,
valued at $879,000; but this increase was partially
offset by the decreases reported for several other spe-
cies, particularly for several varieties of salmon. For
cod, herring, and smelt there were marked increases
both in the quantity and value of the catch. The
black bass, which was formerly caught in limited
quantities, is reported to be entirely extinct, none
having been taken for the past few seasons.
FISHERIES,
Products, by fishing grounds.—Tables 2 and 3, on
page 268, give, respectively, for the Pacific Ocean dis-
trict and for the Columbia River, statistics similar to
those shown in Table 1. The relative importance of
the different species is indicated in the following tabu-
lar statement, which distributes the value of products
reported for the state and for each district according
to species, arranged in order of value:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES. f
Pacific ‘
Total. Ocean volumabie
district. IY ets
POCA asejacter cas Se rseeeeerormeee Net aee $3, 513,000 || $3,018, 000 $495,000
3,054,000 || 2,559,000 495,000
1,571,000 || 1,097,000 475,000
565, 000 250, 000 315,000
Blueback, or sockeye. 513, 000 499, 000 14,000
Silver.............2 255,000 200,000 54,000
Steelhead..... 123, 000 42,000 81,000
Dog, or chum . 115,000 105,090 11,000
Halibut........ 1,236,000 |] 1,236,000 |.........-..
Cod, SAMOA ear cscrassiarssaincveierorais cheraisnaceie's aimee 124,000 124,000 |.......--...
Smelt io Sa poe Cai clara lave welensiasotere wicte cle Siatanatalsieatacars 61,000 45,000 16,000
Herring.......... 21,000 21,000) |awscemens roe
Perch, viviparous. 15,000 V5, 000). | sicseeces ss 052
Sturgeon. ... 6,000 3,100 2,900
Rockfish.... 5, 200 20
All other.... oe 15,000
Oysters ea cwecicmescnasecesias sosecesasrececes 352.000
Market, from private areas............-- 346,000
Seed, from private areas. -. z 6, 500
aye 51,000
22,000
Clams, razor - 22,000
Clams) Hard. 2... scce(sessecimanie ¢oerseeaeeaee 13,000
Of the products of the Pacific Ocean district fish-
eries the salmon product was the most important, so
far as the amount of the catch is concerned, contribut-
ing 44,297,000 pounds, or not quite one-half of a total
catch of 89,305,000 pounds. The largest value, how-
ever, was reported for the halibut catch, which ranked
second in quantity, and represented somewhat more
than one-third of the total catch and the total value.
The lower average value of the salmon product
resulted largely from the fact that the species of salmon
for which the largest catch was reported was the dog
or chum, which is of comparatively little value.
Catches but slightly smaller than that of the latter
species were reported for the blueback and for the
silver salmon, the value of the blueback catch repre-
senting 45 per cent of the total value of products of
the salmon fisheries. Oysters ranked next to salmon
in value of products, while salted cod also contributed
an important product from the standpoint both of
quantity and value.
Practically the only important product of the
Columbia River fisheries was salmon, which repre-
sented 90 per cent of the total catch and contributed
96 per cent of the total value of products reported for
this river. Of the different species of salmon, the
chinook, which ranked fourth in quantity and second
in value in the Pacific Ocean district, led both in
quantity and value, constituting 53 per cent of the
total salmon catch reported for the Columbia River,
and contributing 66 per cent, or practically two-
thirds, of its value. The silver variety ranked next
BY STATES.
265
to the chinook in quantity, and the steelhead next in
value, while insignificant totals were reported for the
blueback, which, as has already been shown, was the
principal product of the salmon fisheries of the Pacific
Ocean and its adjoining waters. There was a fairly
large smelt product, but the catches of all other vari-
eties of fish reported for the Columbia River were
unimportant both in quantity and value.
Of the total value of products, 87 per cent repre-
sented the value of fish proper. The value of the
salmon catch constituted 45 per cent, or more than
three-sevenths, of the total value of products for the
state; 36 per cent, or not quite three-eighths, of the
value of the catch reported for the Pacific Ocean dis-
trict; and 96 per cent, or considerably more than nine-
tenths, of the value of the Columbia River catch.
The halibut catch ranked second in importance, as
measured by value, and was confined entirely to the
ocean fisheries, its value representing 35 per cent of
the total value of products and 41 per cent of the
value of products reported for the Pacific Ocean dis-
trict. The value reported for oysters represented
10 per cent of the total in 1908. No other product
contributed as much as 5 per cent of the total value
of products.
The fisheries of the Pacific Ocean district formed by
far the more important branch of the state’s fisheries,
contributing 86 per cent, or more than five-sixths, of
the total value of products, as compared with 14 per
cent credited to the Columbia River. The latter dis-
trict, however, reported 30 per cent of the total value
of the salmon catch.
The following tabular statement shows the distri-
bution of the total catch of the state according to the
different waters from which it was taken:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
FISHING GROUND. S
uantity
(pounds). Value.
Totals. cisc wor cia racenns tee el eeedaneaa shen eones 100, 456,000 | $3,513,000
Pacific Ocean -coc:c2c.cccencsteceshenaeinececeas vase meee 35, 028, 000 1,369, 000
Puget: SOUN ses ne cen ecteierwsicidwenicmme nce ra see eres 46,020, 000 1, 308, 000
Columbia River ates ---| 11,151,000 5, 000
Willapa Bay sesniccaecnsnces cceemewemees as 6 2,025, 000 226, 000
Grays Harbor ...vsco-che:ds as eteeescees ses is 3, 294.000 56,000
Bellingham Bay and adjacent waters 1,159,000 36,000
Quintault RIVER. c6 2 ce ciccescosancawaeee sy eteasese wee ote 780, 22,000
The largest quantity of product was caught in
Puget Sound, although the value of the ocean catch
was greater by more than $60,000. This is due to the
increased activity in the cod and halibut fisheries,
which are ocean fisheries, and the decrease in the
Puget Sound catch of the more valuable varieties of
the salmon.
Products, by class of fisheries.—Statistics relating to
the products of the vessel fisheries of the state, by
species and by apparatus of capture, are presented
in Table 4, on page 269; and similar statistics for
the shore and boat fisheries are given in Table 5, on
266
page 269. Statistics as to the products of the shore
and boat fisheries of the Pacific Ocean district are
given in Table 6, on page 270.
The total catch of the vessel fisheries was 40,171,000
pounds, valued at $1,569,000, representing 40 per
cent and 45 per cent, respectively, of the correspond-
ing totals for the state. Halibut was the principal
product, forming 75 per cent of the total catch of the
vessel fisheries, and contributing 79 per cent of the
total value of their products. Cod, salmon, oysters,
and shrimp were other products of importance. The
bulk of the catch of the vessel fisheries was made
by lines, seines, and dredges and tongs, 87 per cent
of the quantity being taken by lines. Less than 1 per
cent of the total product was caught by gill nets and
trawls. The total catch of the vessel fisheries was
credited to the Pacific Ocean disirict, no fishing ves-
sels being employed in the Columbia River fisheries.
The shore and boat fisheries produced 60 per cent
of the total quantity and 55 per cent of the total value
of fishery products of Washington in 1908. Salmon
formed the chief product, and of the total salmon catch
in the state 92 per cent, representing 95 par cent
of the value, was reported by the shore and boat
fisheries. Pound nets, gill nets, and seines were the
apparatus most extensively used in this class of
fisheries. ,
Of the total quantity reported for the fisheries of
the Pacific Ocean district, 55 per cent, with a value
equal to 48 per cent of the total value, represented the
products of the shore and boat fisheries of these
waters, comprising mainly salmon, together with
oysters and other shellfish.
Products, by apparatus of capture-——The following
tabular statement shows the value of the products
taken, by the principal kinds of apparatus of capture
used, in 1908:
FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
Distributed by Distributed by class of
KIND OF districts. sheries.
APPARATUS.
Total. ae a
acific « ore and
district. . . fisheries.
Total.....-.. $3,513,000 |] $3,018,000 $495,000 || $1,569,000 | $1,944,000
1,368, 000 1,368,000 |.....-.--.-- 1,368,000 }...-........
. 868, 000 703, 000 165,000 ||.-..-..-.--. 868, 000
468, 000 253,000 216, 000 700 468, 000
352, 000 352,000 |....-...-.-- 104,000 248,000
333, 000 256, 000 77,000 96, 000 237,000
51,000 $1000: |szvscccecewel | veosesccses 51,000
26,000 |leseeeeses cee 26,000 |j-......-.... 26,000
47,000 35,000 12,000 1,100 46, 000
The line catch was larger in respect both to quan-
tity and value than the catch credited to any other
kind of apparatus used in 1908. Halibut represented
86 per cent of the quantity and 90 per cent of the
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
value of products taken by lines, cod and rockfish
being the only other kinds of fish included in this
catch.
The greater part of the catch reported as taken by
pound nets, gill nets, and seines consisted of salmon,
although large quantities of herring, smelt, flounders,
and shrimp are caught by seines.
Salmon.—Salmon is the principal product of the
Washington fisheries both in quantity and value, the
catch of 1908 amounting to 54,312,000 pounds, valued
at $1,571,000, although this represents a decrease of
20 per cent in quantity and of 19 per cent in value
since 1904, when a catch of 68,252,000 pounds, valued
at $1,943,000, was reported. The several species all
shared in these decreases, with the exception of the
blueback, or sockeye, and the steelhead. For the
former an increase of 9 per cent in quantity was re-
ported, which was accompanied, however, by a de-
crease of 3 per cent in value, and for the steelhead an
increase of 26 per cent in quantity and a gain of 56 per
cent in value were reported.
Both in 1908 and 1904 the largest catch reported
for any single species was for the silver salmon,
although the later canvass shows marked decreases
in both the quantity and the value of this species,
amounting to 46 per cent and 49 per cent, respectively.
Dog salmon was next in importance, so far as the
amount of the catch was concerned, followed closely
by the blueback and the chinook. Owing to the supe-
rior quality of the last-named species, however, the
value of the catch was greater than that reported for
any other species of salmon, the blueback being a close
second in this respect, while for dog salmon, on ac-
count of its inferiority as a food fish, the smallest value
was reported, in spite of the large catch of this species.
The marked falling off, as compared with 1904, both
in the quantity and value of the chinook catch, ac-
companied by the increase in the catch of the blue-
back salmon, makes it probable that the latter may
in time become the most important product of the
salmon fisheries of the state. Both species are largely
sold fresh, being frozen and shipped in refrigerator cars
to eastern markets.
The following tabular statement distributes the
salmon catch of the state according to the different
waters from which it was taken:
SALMON PRODUCT: 1908.
FISHING GROUND. eae
uantity
(pounds). Value.
Qotdlivcxccese ae seseeuidsiermatnasaad Deeremeeee ese 54, 312,000 | $1,571,000
DU et SOUN i ccawmisie dae wwrersincewacss ciacisiiepcind celeron 37,571,000 995,000
ColumMbis Riveriescspcresnccesecseateeesee vecacietaneeer ees 475, 000
Grays Harbor .... 45, 000
Willapa Bay ........ 24,000
Quiniault River..... of 22,000
Bellinghawd. Bay scrcsicassicnarncqae secicw aecaesis tcc seieetgainie 11,000
FISHERIES,
Halibut.—Next to salmon the halibut product is the
most important of the fishery products of Washington.
The catch of 1908, a year which was one of the most suc-
cessful ever experienced by the fisheries of the northwest
coast, was the heaviest yet reported, amounting to
30,072,000 pounds, valued at $1,236,000—an increase
since 1904 of 149 per cent in quantity and 246 per cent
BY STATES. 267
more marked than that of any other branch of the
Washington fisheries. During the summer months the
halibut fleet, which has recently been increased by the
addition of a number of splendid steel vessels, operates
off Cape Flattery, but as winter approaches it becomes
too rough in this locality, and the smaller boats tie up
for the winter, while the larger ones go to Alaska, where
in value. The growth of the halibut fishery has been | the fishing grounds are better protected from storms.
Taste 1.—WASHINGTON—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Pound nets. Gill nets. Seines. Wheels. all gio ney pa-
Quanti Quantit Quantit Quanti Quantity Quantit | Quantit
eae Value. |] Sounds.) Value. | Sounds).| Value. | Gounds).| Value: pounds). Value. (rounds). Value. |Sounds).| Value.
Total......-...-. 100, 456, 000 |$3, 513, 000 |/35, 013, 000 |$1, 368, 000 |28, 860,000 |$868, 000 |16, 262,000 |$468, 000 |14,932,000 |$333,000 | 481,000 |$26,000 |4,909, 000 |$450, 000
Fish:
Black cod......... 168, 000 4, 900 168, 000 (DOO! || essere sineara avacs | Saceasemeis ace eee aeretatesea| smeisiciciecidd
Cod, salted........ 4, 648, 000 124, 000 || 4,648, 000 124, 000
Cultus cod.......-- 62, 000 1, 400 62, 000 D400 aid ccaernays ss |sectce neal lcseecacecs| sci eein| ace rsaee
Flounders......... 284, 000 35200 |[svrnceicwsecleaneercesest 27,000) 300 facescareccc|esccaiiinn 257, 000
Halibut..........- 30, 072, 000 | 1,236, 000
FOrein eo. <escinse se 2, 506, 000 21,000
Perch, viviparous... 661, 000 15, 000
Rockfish ...-...... 132, 000 5, 200
Salmon, blueback
or sockeye......- 12, 501, 000 513,000 |] ascccecscac|sseae succes 10, 491,000 | 424,000 649,000 | 27,000 |1, 269,000
Salmon, chinook..| 12,336,000 565,000 |]-.....---2-)e-.-- eee eee 5, 818, 000 | 242,000 | 5,385,000 | 258,000 | 851,000
Salmon, dog or
ehum..........-- 13, 055, 000 115, 000 4, 230,000 | 32,000 | 3,600,000 | 30,000 |5, 226, 000
Salmon, silver... - 14, 080, 000 255, 000 .-| 6,991,000 | 122,000 | 5,714,000 | 105,000 |1,375, 000
Salmon, steelhead.| 2,339, 000 123, 000 -| 855,000 | 41,000 000 | 41,000} 651,000
100, 000 1,900 64, 000 1, 200 500 (?) 35, 000
2,897,000 | G1, 000 I) nase oiswincin] enermeieis cise che ee cic pence |e sccne ese 90, 000
190, 000
185, 000
Crabs, hard........-.-- 2,179,000
Shrimp..... 2s 247, 00
Clams, hard. s 3 155, 000
Sea es apacieie 4 234, 000
sters, market, from
oie e areas. ae 6 1,321,000 51,321,000 | 346,000
Oysters, seed, from pri-
PONG ATEEB. vawen ise 6 104, 000 6 104,000 | 6, 500
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs
nets, 900,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; beam trawls, 15,000 pound
2 Less than $100.
319,000 bushels.
423,000 bushels.
etc., 1,425,000 pounds, valued at $352,000; traps and hoop nets, 2,179,000 pounds, valued at $51,000; dip
s, valued at $1,100; and minor apparatus, 389,000 pounds, valued at $34,000
189,000 bushels. 6 15,000 bushels.
268 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
‘ TaBLe 2.—WASHINGTON—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF PACIFIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Pound nets. Seines. Gill nets. All other apparatus.)
Quantity Quantit: Quantit: Quantit Quantit: Quantit
(pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Ot sever ssdiesemerens 89, 305, 000 |83, 018, 000 |} 35,013,000 [$1,368,000 | 24,928,000 | $703, 000 | 13,379,000 | $256,000 | 11,977,000 | $253,000 | 4,010,000 | $439, 000
Fish:
Black cod............-.-- 168,000 4,900 168, 000 A900. | sccicicic:ciecrejninicl| wicucrnrcderaeicial
Cod, salted... -| 4,648, 000 124, 000 4,648, 000
Cultus cod 4 62, 000 1, 400 62, 000
Flounders..........-..--- 284, 000 35200! |\wercev esses
Halibut..........2.02.22- 30, 072,000 | 1,236, 000
--| 2,506,000 21,000 2, 206, 000
661, 000 15, 000 661,000
132, 000 5, 200 69, 000
12, 231, 000 A499; O00) icrciecisrcteicraistera| cierto ine 1, 252, 000
, 981, 000 0, 0 39, 000
Salmon} dee or chum..... 12, 246, 000 5, 226,00 €
Salmon, SUV? os0600eosees 12, 150,000 1, 146, 000
Salmon, steelhead........ 689, 000 199, 000
1,907,000 1,907,000
190, 000 185, 000
139, 000] 3,100 |].......-..-.}..-.2-.-.-.] 68,000 | =: 11, 700 |....-..-..--
DA79-000:|) <'51,000)il| scareasascns|tacensaguae| twee anoteoe | aeaseecerlenmiateaaien
247, 232, 00
2 155, 000
Clams, razor. B234,000-|, 225000! | ciecc.aisscictsediein| acicteelessressignalf nine cisicteraiaie gre esieeretdiarsisicl atasieicioniaonmie
Oysters, market, from private
BPOAS -iuiniewaecreicestcueaes ©1821 4000.) “8460001 locator | eee cca llemtman id otea| ekcot cera baa enmmmsena ide winded leanemamaisakeattenetn 41,321,000 | 346,000
Oysters, seed, from private !
AICS... 2 eee eee eee 5 104, 000 B500 || cient cxcteracie [ico Suid jwaies [aise es aia gece elle Speers acter k Raceline erento 5 104, 000 6, 500
1Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,425,000 pounds, valued at $352,000; traps and hoop nets, 2,179,000 pounds, valued at $51,000; beam
5 15,000 bushels.
trawls, 15,000 pounds, valued at $1,100; and minor apparatus, 389,000 pounds, valued at $34,000.
2 19,000 bushels.
3 23,000 bushels.
4 189,000 bushels.
TaBLE 3.—WASHINGTON—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER: 1908.
a PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SpRcEES Gill nets. Pound nets. Seines. All other apparatus.?
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total: suisse xietoevidiet aac mistecinacinec 11,151,000 | $495, 000 4, 285,000 | $216, 000 3,932,000 | $165, 000 1,554,000 | $77,000 1,382, 000 $38, 000
Salmon, blueback or sockeye 270, 000 14, 000 3,500 | 100 158, 000 7,500 17,000 700 92, 000 5, 300
Salmon, chinook...............----- 5, 356, 000 315, 000 2,868,000 | 170,000 1,393, 000 82, 000 812, 000 46,000 282, 000 16,000
Salmon, dog or chum............-.- 809, 000 11, 000 , 000 4,3 539, 000 6; S00 Wi. sxe outsie larvae [pabees tosswmes|weeeciares
Salmon, silver.............2.--------- 1, 930, 000 54, 000 703, 000 19, 000 997, 000 30, 000 229, 000 9) O00) ecneis nredeeae|setketecks
Salmon, steelhead..........2-.2-.2-2--2---- 1, 650, 000 81,000 323, 000 16, 000 769, 000 38, 000 451, 000 23, 000 107, 000 4,800
100, 000 1,900 500 (4) 64, 000 1, 200 35, 000 TOO: | crcsdseraverscieacpeevsrs| Saysreigeencis
990, 000 16, 000 90, 000 ASHOD: |, diascidsssayacarsncss] ey csesere nel eds sreteincreeniaall eee 900, 000 12, 000
46, 000 2,900 26, 000 1,200 12,000 1,000 8,100 200 | s.scsisc emcees | emcee asics
1 All taken in shore and boat fisheries.
2 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Wheels, 481,000 pounds, valued at $26,000; and dip nets, 900,000 pounds, valued at $12,000.
® Less than $100.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
TaBLe 4.—WASHINGTON—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
269
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Lines. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantit: Quantit Quantit uantit,
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value teeunad : Value.
DOGAN a5. os5 fete arctatainnd Seidend Soetsere ee ioeecs SEeacieee pears 40,171,000 | $1,569,000 35,013,000 | $1,368,000 4,719,000 $96,000 439,000 $106, 000
Ee ne
BC KOCOG so aso vieienncics set pated ouek OS aee tis 24 Bae Siaieeiae & 168, 000 4,900 168, 000 4,900 }..
Cod, salted. : 4,648,000 | 124,000 4,648,000 | 124,000 |”
ae ey oe 62,000 1, 400 62,000 1, 400
Herrhae eet a 30, ar . 1,280, an 30,072,000 | 1,236,000
Rockfish 63, 000 1,700
Salmon, blueback or sockeye......-.........00022-00e00ee 664
Salmon, chinook........ eh eee eS rere: 6, on ae S eskecag ante es chepadnee
Salmon, dog or chum. 3,032,000 30,000 Joo... 2222S 3,0277000 | 30, 000 | 5000 |
Salmon; silver...... 626,000 11000
ee steelhead. 24,000 P5800 |laissciewiciacidciespewcwecciecess| 24,000) 1,800 |eonccc
melt......... 38, 000 100 | nsseescsncmnedlaneasaieceasdl «.-BB;000"| 1,100 |aasscceuesesod eorseemceees
SUURLCOM. .. oianectienace inne dateea Seca Mesa ce orernt semaseiseane 14, 000 200 ' || saeasracetos cera bak domeacees Wesweeweesemedletvedeseees|| E4000) 3200
Shrimps .nsessevie sess poioiiabstd oh hit fa eal seh er oa cere 247,000 22-000 '| lout wicseannieodlassonciwadan 15,000 1,100
Oysters, market, from private areas..............2....2.2222- 3 377,000 TO49000 | hg scjaciacascontsioiuille vinisintesnisicionsss 3 377,000 104,000
1 Includes Bppareiusy with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 377,000 pounds, valued at $104,000; beam trawls, 15,000 pounds, valued at $1,100; and gill nets, 47,000
pounds, valued at $700.
2 Less than $100.
354,000 bushels.
TaBLeE 5.—WASHINGTON—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Pound nets. Gill nets. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantity Quantity Quantity 7, Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Otel sccccowi sagt attarctrnd asiewionneie damon 60, 285, 000 |$1, 944, 000 28,860, 000 | $868, 000 16, 215,000 | $468, 000 10, 213, 000 | $237,000 4,998,000 | $371,000
Fish:
Flounders 284, 000 3, 200 27,000 257, 000
Herring........... 2,376, 000 20, 000 300, 000 2,076, 000
Perch, viviparous. 160, 000 15,000! || 2 sc0sce0enens , 000
Rockfish. 69, 000 OOD |x Sideaiasias weer 69, 000
Salmon, blueback or sockeye..........- 11, 837,000 484,000 10, 491, 000 F 605, 000
Salmon, chinook.......... 12, 330, 000 565, 000 5,818,000 | 242,000 5,385,000 | 258, 000 845, 000
Salmon, dog or chum. 10, 023, 000 85, 000 4, 230, 000 32,000 3, 595, 000 30, 000 2,199, 000
Salmon, silver.......- 13, 454, 000 243, 000 6,990,000 | 122,000 5,686,000 | 105,000 778, 000
Salmon, steelhead.............--------- 2,314, 000 121, 000 855, 000 41,000 726, 000 41,000 626, 000
100, 000 1,900 64, 000 1,200 500 (2) 35, 000
2,859,000 | 60,000 ||.........-..--].---.----- 90, 000
190, 000
171,000
Crabs, Hard ies ciaisieie csi a cian ceisemai seme sie 2,179, 000
Clams, hard 3 155, 000
Glams;1avor...: cago ote exe eenaewarse same 4234, 000
Oysters, market, from private areas........- 6 944, 000
Oysters, seed, from private areas .........-- 6 104,000 § 104,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 1,048,000 pounds, valued at $248,000; traps and hoop nets, 2,179,000 pounds, valued at $51,000; wheels,
481,009 pounds, valued at $26,000; dip nets, 900,000
"2 Léss than $100. ee P19,000 bushels.
423,000 bushels.
ounds, valued at $12,000; and minor apparatus, 389,000 ounds, valued at $34,000.
135,000 bushels.
6 15,000 bushels.
270
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 6.—WASHINGTON—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Pound nets. Gill nets. Seines. All other apparatus.!
Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantity Quantit:
(pounds. Value. (pounds), | Value. | Gounasy. | Value. | (pounds), | Value. | Gounds). Value.
Total shel ee esa 49,134,000 |$1, 449,000 24,928,000 | $703,000 | 11,930,000 | $252,000 8, 659, 000 | $160, 000 3,617,000 | $334,000
Fish:
284, 000
2,376, 000
60,
69, 000
Salmon, blueback or sockeye 11, 566, 000
Salmon, chinook. .
Salmon, dog or chum
Salmon, silver.......
Salmon, steelhead...
Oysters, market, from private are:
Oysters, seed, from private areas....... 5 104,000
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Drsdees, tongs, etc., 1,048,000 pounds, valued at $248,000; traps and hoop nets, 2,179,000 pounds, valued at $51,000; and
minor apparatus, 389,000 ‘pounds, valued at $34,000
219,000 bushels. 3 33, 000 bushels.
WEST VIRGINIA.
The commercial fisheries of West Virginia are con-
fined to the Ohio River and are all of the shore and
boat class. .
The following statement gives a general summary of
the fishing industry of the state in 1908:
Number of persons employed..............------2-2-0--55 8
Capital:
PROBUS stain a aevtsicheesinad spaec bee ane das Pp SeseLEE DOS Dako ieee $100
Apparatus of capture.....-...... 2222-222 e eee eee eee eee 200
Shore and accessory property. .......--...---.---+---- 800
Waltie of product sceccrs cicicisiested osc ste ntsla waaienets siz a dale's e's ee 2, 000
In 1908 large reductions appear in the number of
persons employed, the capital invested, and the quan-
tity and value of fishery products, as compared with
1899 and 1894, for which years statistics -are given in
the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries. The com-
parative figures are as follows:
PRODUCTS.
Persons Capital
YEAR. F
employed. | invested. Quantit
y
(pounds). Value.
8 $1,100 33, 000 $2,000
86 3, 6 161, 000 12,000
67 4,100 162, 000 8, 700
The total value of equipment as reported for 1908
was $300, and represented eight rowboats, valued at
$100, and apparatus of capture valued at $200. The
latter consisted of lines, two seines, and 22 fyke and
hoop nets.
4 135,000 bushels. 5 15,000 bushels.
The quantity and value of products, by species, were
as follows:
FISHERY PRODUCTS:
1908.
SPECIES.
Quantity
(pounds). Value
33, 000 $2,000
9, 600 700
9, 800 400
3, 400 300
Scemeees 6, 000 300
BOOMS seratrecortieescnsiints once 3,000 200
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike).............. 1, 400 100
BUNSIO ASH owicjscngsaos wan icedeaigs code docemmumeetucadavone 300 (@)
1 Less than $100.
WISCONSIN.
The fishery products of Wisconsin were obtained
from the Mississippi River and its tributary waters,
and from Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The fol-
lowing statement gives a summary of the chief statis-
tics for the fishing industry of this state in 1908:
Number of persons employed. ..................2..--- 2,011
Capital:
Vessels and boats, including outfit. ............... $417, 000
Apparatus of capture.......22...222.0...00.200000- 407, 000
Shore and accessory property and cash............ 276, 000
Valuecol productascees sss deanueeaeeey eevee reausies cas 1, 067, 000
Comparison with previous canvasses.—The value of
the product in 1908 was larger than that reported in
1899, in both the river and the lake districts. The
comparative summary following shows the more im-
portant statistics relating to the fisheries of the two
districts in 1899 and 1908.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Per- VALUE OF EQUIPMENT. PRODUCTS.
sons
em-
DISTRICT AND | ployed, Vessels
YEAR. exclu- and Appara- Quantit
sive of || Total. boats, us of ( ds Value.
shores- including] capture. || ‘POURCS)-
men: outfit.
1,889 || $824,000 || $417,000 | $407,000 || 30,953,000 $1, 067,000
1,645 483, 000 196,000 } 287,000 || 36,767,000 542,000
1, 284 751, 000 383,000 | 367,000 || 22,995,000 853, 000
_ 1899.22... 1,154 |] 468,000 || 189,000 | 279,000 || 19,530,000 | 454,000
Mississippi River
district:
1008 seiecseses 605 73, 000 34, 000 40, 000 7,958, 000 215, 000
1899..........- 491 15, 000 7,000 8,000 |} 17, 237,000 88, 000
The large quantity reported for the Mississippi
River district in 1899 consisted chiefly of mussel
shells, the food-fish catch in that year being only about
a million pounds. A period of great excitement over
pearl hunting began in 1896, and this activity, while it
lasted, drew fishermen away from their usual pur-
suits, so that the catch of fish proper was very small.
Persons employed.—The following table gives data
concerning the persons employed in the fisheries of
Wisconsin in 1908. The number connected with the
shore and boat fisheries, including 36 of the shoresmen,
was 1,528, while the number credited to vessel fish-
eries, including the 86 remaining shoresmen, was 473.
More than one-half of the persons employed in the
shore and boat fisheries, and nearly nine-tenths of
those employed in the vessel fisheries, were reported
for the Lake Michigan district.
PERSONS EMPLOYED: 1908.
Number. | Salaries and wages.
DISTRICT AND CLASS.
pepe tee al
tors an alarie
. Wage- Sala-
Total. aa ene earners. | Total. || ‘Tes. Wages.
ermen.
Total....-....-- 2,011 11,120 3 888 ||$266,000 || $400 |2$266, 000
Vessel fisheries 387 135 2 250 ||113, 000 100 | 113,000
tin
poet re os BI) st | Geese Beers 10 3,500 |/....-.- 3,500
Shor € a n ud
ee ae 985 1| 506 |l114,000 |] 300 | 114,000
Shoresmen.... 122 Wise sesecrad|ceeasees 122 || 36,000 ||......- 36, 000
Mie ec - | 1,206 639 2 565 |{203, 000 300 | 203,000
Vessel fisheries. . 345 126 1 218 |/108, 000 100 | 108,000
Transportin
weasels ee . 8 Wsteeewedielemeseans 3 200: || -isnse26 200
bore and boat
‘ fisheries. scadisie 757 513 1 243 || 60,000 300 60, 000
Shoresmen...... 101 |]....------]e-eeeeee 101 || 34,000 |/.....-- 34,000
| ae 93 1| 106 |! 19,000 || () | 19,000
Vessel fisheries... 42 9 1 32 4,700 (3) 4,600
tin
eal ene eee 7 | 3,200)... 3a
Shore and boat
fisheries......- 130 & 46 9,500 |).....-- 9, an
Shoresmen.....- QD | acessceces|sces. 21 1,600 ||.....-- 1,
Mississippi Rs i a ‘
istrict (shore
Bee esl eos 605 388 |.....--- 217 || 44,000 |].....-- 44,000
1 Exclusive of 42 proprietors not fishing.
2 Includes provisions furnished to the value of $11,000.
8 Less than $100.
Equipment and other capital.—The following tabular
statement gives the distribution, by class of investment,
271
of the total capital employed in the fisheries of the state
and of each district in 1908:
VALUE OF EQUIPMENT AND OTHER CAPITAL: 1908,
CLASS OF INVESTMENT. Lake Mississippi Lake
Total. Michigan River Superior
district. district. district.
$1,100, 000 $934, 000 $82, 000 $84, 000
244, 000 218, 000
235, 000 218, 000
235,000 218, 000
187,000 173, 000 |.
48,0 45,000 |.
@) ()
9,000 500
6,800 300
2, 200 200
173, 000 125,000
154, 000 116, 000
4,200 2,800
13, 000 4,300
1,200 1,200
Apparatus of capture. 407, 000 336, 000
Vessel fisheries........ 174, 000 169,000
Shore and boat fisheries..... 233, 000 167,000
Shore and accessory property... 236, 000 215, 000
COSD 6 scr scccciiniewaweseine asics 40, 000 , 000
1 Less than $100.
The value of vessels and boats, including their out-
fit, and that of apparatus of capture each fermed
something over 37 per cent of the total investment,
while the value of shore and accessory property, com-
bined with the cash reported, amounted to 25 per
cent. Of the value of shore and accessory property
$126,000 was reported for shore and boat fisheries and
$110,000 for vessel fisheries and transporting vessels.
The amount of cash invested in the shore and boat
fisheries was $20,000 and that in the vessel fisheries
$19,000. The shore and boat fisheries were therefore
credited with $553,000, vessel fisheries with $533,000,
and transporting vessels with $14,000. The invest-
ment in the Lake Michigan fisheries represented 85
per cent of the total for the state and comprised
$427,000 invested in shore and boat fisheries, $507,000
in vessel fisheries, and $500 in transporting vessels.
Of the Lake Superior investment, which formed. less
than 8 per cent of the total for the state, $54,000 per-
tained to shore and boat fisheries, $21,000 to vessel
fisheries, and $8,500 to transporting vessels.
Nearly one-half of the investment in the Mississippi
River district represented the value of apparatus of
capture. ;
The following tabular statement gives statistics con-
cerning the number and tonnage of vessels and the
number of boats:
VESSELS AND BOATS: 1908.
CLASS OF CRAFT. Lake Mississippi] | Lake
Total. || Michigan River Superior
district. district. district.
i}
Vessels: j
Fishing—
Steam and motor—
Number 85
Tonnage... 1,051
Other, number..........-.-- 1
Transporting— |
Nutiber.wcksoscccestereeses 3 Do cteics Sietdieencess 2
Tonnage. . 144 al ee ae 139
Boats, number....-- 1, 200 611 489 100
Steam and motor. 360 222 106 32
Sailiaceasieetest 76 9 (exces Biarctais ox 17
ROWs ssewicines 739 | 307 381 51
Othe se. 2 Heeteticminnrsaleamentns 25 | 23) Dulin ewe eis
|
272
Statistics as to the number of the more important
kinds of apparatus of capture are given in the follow-
ing tabular statement:
APPARATUS OF CAPTURE: 1908.
Distributed
Distributed by districts. by class of
fisheries.
KIND.
Total. Lake | Missis-| Lake Shore
Michi-} sippi | Supe- |} Vessel | and
gan River rior h- boat
dis- dis- dis eries fish-
trict. trict. trict. eries.
Crawfish pots......... 13}:290: || 13290! | eeseces|swesacen 2,000 | 11,290
Dipiuets is eraistensverelaiack otate 5M pewiocwses| sameaars all eects 5
Fyke and hoop nets... ----| 2,719 || 2,172 BAT lis caiscara vie 536 2,183
GIII nets 3. ss<2 sees eceasceceesn 30,291 || 28,773 425 | 1,093 |} 19,070 | 11,221
Harpoons, spears, etc......-.-. 104 7 (7 Ga eae | Reenter arts 104
Mink and muskrat traps.......} 1,200 530 B10. lessens steel scoreerass 3 1,200
Pound and trap nets.....-...- 619 267 267 85 6 613
INC IN CB. si cane laeoiasosgnteciens 384 253 128 3 240 144
Trammel nets................- 31 7 Al dstaistsistalllsteurccre sro 31
All the vessels and all but a small number of the
boats were power craft. Of the more important kinds
of apparatus of capture, gill nets were most numerous,
and were used principally in the vessel fisheries.
Products, by species—Table 1, on page 274, gives sta-
tistics relating to products, by species and by apparatus
of capture. Six species—lake trout, herring, buffalo
fish, whitefish, yellow perch, and German carp—con-
tributed 84 per cent of the total product for the state,
while their value formed 87 per cent of the total value.
Products, by fishing grounds.—Tables 2, 3, and 4, on
pages 275 and 276, give the products, respectively, of
the Lake Michigan, the Mississippi River, and the Lake
Superior districts. The latter supplied only 5 per cent
of the total value of the fishery product of the state.
Of the seven species which made up the product of this
district, lake herring and trout contributed, respectively,
53 per cent and 40 per cent of the value of the total
catch from the district.°
Products, by class of jfisheries—Tables 5 and 6, on
pages 276 and 277, give, by species and by apparatus
of capture, statistics as to the products of the vessel and
the shore and boat fisheries of the state. Similar sta-
tistics are given for the vessel fisheries, respectively,
of the Lake Michigan and the Lake Superior districts,
in Tables 7 and 9; and for the shore and boat fish-
eries of the respective districts, in Tables 8 and 10.
The fisheries of the Mississippi River district were all
of the shore and boat class.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
SPECIES.
Vessel Shore and
Total. fisheries boat
* | fisheries.
i 80) 2) US eo $1, 067,000 3425, 000 $642, 000
ake TOU b a. as astc Soto geene ne Ses akenine Seeae 340, 000 200, 000 140, 000
Lake Rerring 0.252 s2decadecas oeeeccuss vate 322, 000 173,000 150, 000
Buffalo fish... .. 103,000 |) ico. 220000 103, 000
Whitefish ..... 56, 000 26, 000 30, 000
Perch, yellow. : 55,000 15,000 39,000
Carp, German. a 52,000 800 52,000
AML Other os sezacmeas vs Soretaass eeeeeeseeh az 137,000 11,000 127,000
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The value of the catch made in the vessel fisheries
and that of the catch made in the shore and boat fish-
eries formed 40 per cent and 60 per cent, respectively,
of the value of the total state product. In the product
of the vessel fisheries lake trout was the leading
species with respect to value and lake herring ranked
second, while in the catch reported for the shore and
boat fisheries the order of these species was reversed.
Products, by apparatus of capture.—The following
tabular statement shows the distribution of the total
value of products according to apparatus of capture,
for the state, for each class of fisheries, and for the
three districts:
VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1908.
Distributed by
Distributed by districts. class of fisheries.
KIND OF APPARATUS.
Total. Lake | Missis- | Lake ahere
Michi- | sippi | Supe- |] Vessel bo t
gan dis-| River rior |{fisheries. fish
trict. | district. |district. a
eries,
Total cccossrmsassis $1, 067,000 |/$794,000 |$215,000 {$58,000 |1$425,000 |$642, 000
Gill Nets sass wsiieeiasieviasis 533,000 || 494,000 7,700 | 32,000 || 349,000 } 184,000
Pound and trap nets....| 208,000 || 142,000 ,000 | 24,000 6,000 | 202,000
INES x isisiernapendeniae se we 143, 000 4,200 | 138,000 600 1,300 | 141,000
DINGS son cesverarnse ee aks 92, 000 85,000 4,800 | 2,400 57,000 | 35,000
Fyke and hoop nets..... 54, 000 49,000 4,500 |......-. 6, '7, 000
Trammel nets........... 7,200 3,500 ROO! Vheceiersecicisee| [aSicitias stars 7,200
All other................ 31, 000 17,000 | 14,000 |-.....-. 4,700 | 26,000
Lake trout.—This species, which contributed 32 per
cent of the total value of the fishery products, of the
state, was taken wholly in the lakes, 93 per cent of the
quantity reported coming from Lake Michigan. Sta-
tistics concerning the catch as reported for the state in
previous years are as follows:
LAKE-TROUT PRODUCT.
YEAR. A
uantit
(pounds). Value.
4,710,000 | $340,000
5,561,000 262, 000
3,514,000 155, 000
3, 820,000 176, 000
Lake herring.—The value of the lake-herring prod-
uct in 1908 was nearly 40 per cent greater than that
of the largest catch previously reported—the catch of
1899—though the weight of the latter was greater by
343,000 pounds. The following tabular statement
shows the quantity and value of the catch as reported
at the various canvasses:
LAKE-HERRING
PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
12,124,000 | $322,000
---| 11, 801, 000 232,000
-| 12, 467,000 236, 000
3, 798, 000 58,000
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
Buffalo fish.—The buffalo-fish product, all of which
was from the Mississippi River district, ranked third
in value among the fishery products of the state. Over
80 per cent of the catch was taken with seines, while
pound and trap nets took most of the remainder. The
statistics concerning the catch for certain years for
which figures are available are as follows:
BUFFALO - FISH
PBODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds), Value.
$103, 000
3,500
4,700
Whitefish.—These fish, which were taken wholly
from the lake waters, ranked fourth among the fishery
products of the state in value, contributing 10 per cent
of the value of the total product and 10 per cent of the
total weight. Besides the common whitefish, which
was sold fresh, smoked, and salted, three other species
were handled, namely, the bluefin, the longjaw, and the
Menominee, the last two being sold in both a fresh and
a prepared condition. Whitefish ranked third’ in
value among the products of Lake Superior and fourth
among those of Lake Michigan. Over 20 per cent of
the total value reported for the species represented
product taken in the former district. The whitefish
yield was much less in 1908 than in 1890, but consider-
ably more than in the years subsequent to 1890, as
shown by the following tabular statement:
WHITEFISH PRODUCT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
273
Yellow perch.—The yellow perch reported had a
value nearly equal to that of whitefish and represented
5 per cent of the total value of products for the state.
In Lake Michigan, where over 99 per cent of the catch
was taken, this fish composed 12 per cent of the total
product. Statistics for the entire state are not avail-
able for a series of years, but as practically the entire
catch of this species was taken in Lake Michigan, com-
parative figures for this lake are given in the following
tabular statement:
YELLOW-PERCH PEROD-
UCT OF LAKE MICHI-
GAN.
YEAR
Quantity
) (pounds). Value
2,551,000 $54,000
2, 638, 000 44,000
1, 908, 000 25, 000
1,008, 000 21,000
German carp. --This species ranked sixth among the
leading species, contributing 5 per cent of the total
value. Of the total catch of this fish, 85 per cent was
taken in the Mississippi River district and the remain-
der in Lake Michigan. The carp product has increased
almost as much as has that of buffalo fish, and the two
combined not only account for the gain in the Missis-
sippi River product since 1890, but counterbalance the
decrease in the catch of certain other species, notably
wall-eyed pike and sturgeon. The comparative sum-
mary given below is for the Mississippi River district,
since statistics for that district only are available for
the different years shown.
GERMAN-CARP PROD-
UCT OF MISSISSIPPI
RIVER DISTRICT.
YEAR.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
1908 cis: io cioccloveisicks erctttaretcinmmciniceisem pennies ols an@anieatnese neat 1,914,000 $46, 000
NS OD cap axssciskars siesdias eicrchare ore eta nsvere acai aiehatata te toate cemner elon ots wala 170, 000 2,700
DBO Gs asa. aicrsjasinisierslard oteate. Ste nda wag aue dea aParedey tag enmerssate saialeng erate 6, 900 200
76786°—11——18
274 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 1.—WISCONSIN—FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Apso: Gill nets. ae trap Seines. Lines. HUne one hoop | Trammel nets. | 4!! ee
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total......... 30, 953, 000)$1, 067, 000|!12, 481, 000}$533, 000) 8, 089, 000/$208, 000} 4, 995, 000'$143, 000] 1,133, 000/392, 000) 2, 449, 000/$54,000, 261,000) $7,200) 1,545, 000/$31, 000
Black bass...... 13, 000} V5 200 se sscagee whew erp ne 400} (2) 7,900 700) 1, 000) 100] 3, 000 400) 200)
Buffalo fish..... 3,178,000) 103,000)) 110,000) 4,800) 374,000} 17,000} 2, 653) 000] 81,000) 3,500 100 28, 000 800) 9, 700
Carp, German..} 2,247,000 52, 000) 72,000} 1,800} 123,000} 3,400 1, 694, 000} 39,000 38,000} 1,500 157, 000} 3,100 159, 000
Catfish and
276,000 20,000 2,800} 300{ 45,000] 3,900] 101,000/ 6,800| 36,000} 3,300] 87,000) 4,900
00||... 2.2... 400 ui
10, 000} 000) = 400). feed ss
48, 000 400 43, 000) 400) cccvctetrciars| cancers 3,300) (2)
1,096,000} 20,000 2,300] (2) 935,000] 17,000/ 117,000) 1,700} 20,000} 1,000} 14,000| —200)
Herring, lake... .|12,124,000} 322, 000|] 7,007,000) 240,000] 5,066,000) 82, 000 4, 400 OO) inses erates baroseeee 46,000) G00) feceisce wes |earemenels sy een seee|tees cis
Ling, or lawyer .! | 42,000 500) 8,700 100 6,600} (2) |... 2... pele eeeee 800] (2) 26;000| 300).7asssceselsaeesel sseernentaloeeesse
Bat yellow. 2,563, 000 55, 000 800,000} 22,000} 229,000; 4,300) 28, 000 700 23,000] 1,600) 1,481,000} 26, 000) LOO! CBr Ts disscisis some! |Seetcane
ike and pick-
port Lathe ene . 317,000] 23,000| 56,000] 4,000] 37,000 2,400; + 85,0001 4,800) +26, 000| 2,100) 107,000] 9,000 5,700} 400)..........].-20..
ike perce
(walleyedpike)} 88,000 6, 900) 5,000 400} 78,000 6, 209 3,800 300} C0) ee 300} (2) |......222-feee eee.
Sturgeon, lake..| 30,000 3,800 1, 100} 100} 17,000/ 1, 700 $00! - £9,000) 1/800)... sc ccctal seve od) ecesecne | emccen tee ee scadl eninasy
Btarseon, shov-
82, 000) 4,400] — 12, 000) 800 4,200 200] 40,000] 2, 200 1,200] 100 500] (2) 24,000] 1,100)..........f....02.
és 900 (310, 0]] epee (ees DOO)’. 2): s Weseiecassoat cic teeta ceecee 100, @) Jesesenezeclieceve.s 800 500 iss dees] ca seisas
1,212,000} 24,000/] 291,000) 8,000] 275,000) 5,100} 109,000] 2, 000|..........|...-.-- 480,000] 7,200} 50,000) 1, 100} 6,800} 300
.| 75,000 1557001 cessercts arc tracert 500] () 73,000/ 1,700|..........|-..---- ; 2). Weasiseinsiens [siincisa:d| smadiocsicaelbeedane
4,710,000] 340, 000/| 3,168, 000] 213,000} 571,000} 47,000|..........|.....--- 969, 000} 80, 000) BAO! 100 a cre an'asnis|arnsisinsia| nosaocaeare|weanse «
292,000] 22,000! 86,000] 6,500} 198,000} 15,000) 8, 200 10's Henares 100). 2)* Wort Scdaeelececcae|icheneuces| eb ae
710,000} 29,000/] 646,000] 28,000) 64,000] 1,300)... 222.2). ee ef een ee ee ee efe econ clowns cece eecfee eee eeleceeece cee |ece eee cfeeeccesecefeceeace
121, 000 2,300]/ 114,000] 2, 200 7, 500 100s saaneca cel eadawe| aettsevaca| vevewed| taticdahy ar enGeisele suite ak cies [bee eateate de Meee se
151, 000 3,400] 98,000) 2,200) 51,000) 1,100)..........]........]----------|------- 25100) A002 sen ecm levees |ecmexeenelleewesee
9, 400) 500 300) 100) 00; 4,
14, 000].
, 600)
1, 000)
12, 000
400
600
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crawfish pots, 348,000 pounds, valued at $14,000; crowfoot dredges, 1,130,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; mink and muskra'
ab 2,00 1 0 poun valued at $1,000; "spears and hooks, 25,000 pounds, valued at $1,000; dip nets, 11,000 pounds, v: alued at $600; and minor apparatus, 31,000 pounds, rated
eas than $100. 3100 skins, 43,000 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
TaBLE 2.—WISCONSIN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
275
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
F Pound and t A
SpRCIER: Gill nets. Hae rap Lines. Fy ion hoop Seines. sia ae Ppa
Quantity Val Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit: uantit uantit.
(pounds). alue. | Sounds). Value. (pounds).| Value. (pounds). Value. ieoundss! Value. anne. Value. aurea. Value.
Totals. decccisteseeaccas ¢ 21,177,000 | $794,000 |/11, 137,000 |$494, 000 |5, 967,000 |$142, 000 |1, 000, 000 |$85, 000 |2, 326,000 |$49,000 | 208,000 | $4,200 | 538,000 | $21,000
Fish:
Black bass.............-..- DOD Ihesacsewunwa lacoawiaes 400 () 1,000 100 3,000 400 aie Ere ern
Carp, German, fresh... .
Carp, German, smoked....
Catfish and bullheads
Drum, or sheepshead
Herring, lake, fresh
Herring, lake, salted. .
Herring, lake, smoked.
Ling, orlawyer.......-.....
Muskallunge..............-
PEN FOUOW ees socmnc tae
Pike and pickerel._........
Sturgeon, lake, smoked... .
Suckers, fresh.
Suckers, salted..........-.
Trout, fresh....
Trout, salted
Whitefish, fresh..........-
Whitefish, salted.........-
Whitefish, bluefin........-
Whitefish, longjaw
Whitefish, Menominee,
fresh
Frogs :
Skins, muskrat and mink......
348, 000
13, 000
4500
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crawfish pots, 348,000 pounds,
valued at $14,000; trammel nets, 166,000 pounds, valued at $3,500; dip nets, 11,000 pounds.
valued at $600; spears and hooks, 2,200 pounds, valued at $300; mink and muskrat traps, 500 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 11,000 pounds, valued at $2,100,
3 Less than 100 pounds. i
2 Less than $100.
41,600 skins.
TaBLE 3.—WISCONSIN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT:: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—!
aon Pound and Fyke and hoop | All oth
i ound and trap i . 'yke and hoop other appa-
eR GES: Seines. iets: Gill nets. Lines. ete, CaEnae P
uantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
Gaunaey Value. Hlpounds).| V2!Ue- |(pounds). Value. |(Sounds).| V!*- |(pounds).| Ve: |(pounds). Value. | (pounds), | Value.
Notalicsp Sewer cuss Ae: 17,958, 000 |$215, 000 |!4,773, 000 |$138, 000 1, 509,000 $42,000 | 192,000 | $7,700 92,000 | $4,800 | 123,000 | $4,500 {1,268,000 | $17,000
Fish: .
Black bass......-...--------+++ 700 95900} 200 lexaaewmcion [oa aedeisie| ened gins) og ceiies -taderweas pocsacsl seemeeE seh seMenene 200] (3)
Buffalo fish.........-- 103,000 ||2, 653, 000 110,000 | 4,800 3, 500 100 28,000 800 9,700 300
Carp, German 46,000 |!1, 611, 000 64,000 | 1,700 33, 000 700 61,000 | 1,400 22,000 600
Catfish and bullheads.........- 200,000 | 16,000 | 99,000 2,700 300 36,000 | 3,300 19,000 | 1,900 2,800 300
Crappie.....-...-- 400 10,000") 400. | face cecenc|ccaedeal cea dale oueies leeeteanes facets eles aean avis | seesaw [eeseiten oeullesioecion
Dogiish, or bowfin 400 || 43,000) 400) 4,800 | @) Pillip Po a a econo eaaaees
Drum, or sh 19,000 107,000 2,000 (3) 15, 000 300 3,000 3 7,500 200
Eels ocecs ences ede 100! || cans savia| seve secs [panpaceas|atnmmnadl nomemecesc|eeeeses 1,500} 100 1 (8) eeode aeed became
Perch, yellow.......----------- 12,000 400 12,000] 400 | M00 | (8) feel tence fee eee eee fence e ence [eres nance [ec eeeersceleee neces
Piedda picket 83,000 | 4,400 || 64,000 eon Ue eee eee 3,000 [77300 ato’) 0)
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike 4,700 40 3,800! 300 |...-.-----]------+-]--- ee - ee ee [ee ee eee 600 OVE! Wear aslSaccieterete 300 ¢
Rock bass......--------+2--208 800 (3) B00 C8). Vase amescreee seme resire'[Mtarsicrsietriciena erciecciarcreialfsicig cia protease ewraimeene al Waaiezeineis [sirens [eieineieisie cieie|eisietacice
seaueeees 6,300 500 700 1,100 100 1,900 ADH I cue sinaleanendas pcamasenslanontex
Eee ae nee 7000 | 4,400 |} 40,000 12/000} 800] 13200] 100 500 | @) 24; 000 | "1; 100
Caviar...” 900 600 ||..-...----|- i 00 ea
Suckers... 72,000} 1,500 35, 000 26, 000 700
Sunfish. 73, 000 1,700 73,000) 3,700] S500) (3) j...-. ee ee fee esse eefee eee cece eee ee ee elon eee ee ee [ee rece neler es leeee cree
200
BrOGSiscnrsaies coon cb memanaea set's
PIP tes wiz; pe wise gaiesinestasci ears 2 - 20
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs ’ be
Skins, mink. .....----------------- aot
Skins, muskrat......-----------+--
1 All taken in shore and boat fisheries.
2 Includes ci ean
traps, 500 pounds, va
®; "Less than $100.
with catch, as follows: Crow
at $700; spears and hooks,
23,000 pounds, valued at $
foot dredges, 1,130,000 pounds, valued at $12,000;
4100 skins.
trammel nets, 95,000 pounds, valued at $3,700; mink and muskrat
700; and minor apparatus, 20,000 pounds, valued at $200.
© 1,400 skins.
276
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 4.—WISCONSIN—FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Gill nets. Pound and trap nets. All other apparatus.
Quantit Quantit Quantity Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds), Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Ot Mcrae. ecdscyaie: Soeiseaiee ie nds eens Meee ae Doreaboatan 1, 817,000 $58, 000 1, 152, 000 $32,000 612, 000 $24, 000 53, 000 $3,000
Herring, lake, fresh..............22.02.22 0020 e cece eee eee sees 135, 000 1,100 114, 000 9 21,000 B00 ds scoipisiglersiwcisrsisl| Dera/eressicigiaw as
Herring, lake, salted. .......
Pike perch
Sturgeon, lake
Suckers, fresh
Suckers, sali
Trout, fresh...
Trout, salte
Whitefish, fresh
Whitefish, salted ..
Whitefish, bluefin.....
Whitefish, longjaw, fresh
Whitefish, longjaw, smoked .
(wall-eyed pike)
ted...
d
AMT OCHO ie iaiasgrtcg aserars mye Bscrdpaseiain niesslsisiarcreigrosacatava:sidieclomusnslsla Ma-aterscoraisie
1 Includes seines, with a catch of 13,000 pounds, valued at $600; and lines, with a catch of 40,000 pounds, valued at $2,400.
2 Less than 100 pounds.
3 Less than $100.
TaBLeE 5.—WISCONSIN—PRODUOTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
Species, Gill nets. Fyke and hoop nets. | Pound and trap nets. | All other apparatus.
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total ges eet tiene eee eee 8, 863,000 | $425, 000 7,561,000 | $349, 000 341, 000 36, 800 99, 000 36,000 862,000 $63, 000
Fish:
Carp, GOMMON osc 5.c0 cotter oheciuadsa tae 61,000 800 44,000
Catfish and bullheads. . 3, 100 200
Herring, lake, fresh... 4,129,000 | 161,000
Herring, lake, salted - . a 900
Herring, lake, smoked 59, 000 5,100
Ling, OF lAWYCl ices ccsesscvecesyeseass oes 10, 000 100
Perch, yellow....-- 731, 000 15, 000
Pike and pickerel 1,000 600
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) 2,400 200) 800 AD loco tees wi leneeeecet 9 © DSG00) > 100) cc tees cdhe esate
Suckers 91,000 1,700
Trout, fresh 2,731,000 | 200, 000 2,018, 000
Trout, salted. 4, 500 4, 500
itefish 24, 000 2,400 12, 000
Whitefish, bluefin...............- 388, 000 22, 000 388, 000
Whitefish, longjaw ; 50, 000 1,100 50, 000
AM OUOR%. sicis, siessscer aisiens wis ceseieremromncie 20 4,800 100 500
Crawiisb icc aczvi seem sa cteensreeescats sees 109, 000 Bp TOD."lrazecievevee wraieas el Ia> aera Seer sat mae eeicte |i anole id oyctaediallleuacediccsnsies 109, 000 4,700
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Lines, 671,000 pounds, valued at $57,000; crawfish pots, 109,000 pounds, valued at $4,700; and seines, 82,000 pounds, valued
at $1,300.
2”Less than $100.
FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tt
Taste 6.—WISCONSIN—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL,
SPECIES. ae — Gill nets. Seines. a ae oe Lines. = aa
Quanti Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantit; Quantity Quantity
frommaak Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MOtAl Lc okescin oraceccees 22, 090, 000 8642, 000 |I7, 990, 000 |g202, 000 |4, 920, 000 [$184,000 |4, 913,000 18141, 000 12, 108, 000 1g47,000 | 462, 000 |835, 000 |1, 697,000 | #33, 000
Fish:
Black bass. .............22. 12,000 | 1,200 (DH eC) ee ee (Coe 7,900 700 2, 800 300 1,000 100 200} (#)
Buffalo fish........2....2... 3,178,000 | 103,000 |) 374,000 | 17,000} 110,000] 4,800 |2,653,000 | 81,000 | 28,000 800 3, 500 100 9, 700 300
Carp, German, fresh....._.. 2,182,000 | 51,000 || 123,000} 3,400 | 64,000 1,700 {1,650,000 | 39,000 | 148,600] 2,900] 34,000 800 | 162,000] 3,500
Carp, German, smoked..... 4° 500 700 4 0
Catfish and bullheads...... 273,000
CYP Pi saicisisiscreieene sesicinge re 10, 000 ++}
Dogfish, or bowfin.......... 48, 000 1,800 sian -- +/+. : a
Drum, or sheepshead....... 1,093, 000 935, 000 000 2, 000 ) , 1,700 > 1, 7,800
Fels: ceccusian yenscee goes <n 1,600 DOO) |e cicrsrere arse [Prgate en arors| eeteractoee i ol Marans cons] exces aeeeel ace macene 100] (2) 100 |... ..--..2)----2-+ :
Herring, lake, fresh........ 2,917,000 | 77,000 || 860,000 | 16,000 |2,011,000 | 60,000 |..........|-........ 46,000 600 ]..---- eee [eee eee [eee eee efeee eee
Herring, lake, salted. . ie
Herring, lake, smoked
Ling, or lawyer.
Muskallunge. . .
Perch, yellow...-..........
Pike and pieced
Pike perc
Rock bas:
Sturgeon, lake, fresh........
Sturgeon, lake, smoked
Sturgeon, shovelnose. ......
(wall-eyed pike).
Caviar.
Buckers, fresh. .........
Suckers, salted
123, 000 1,900 103, 000 1, 500 12, 000
Bunfish:. . cc cucesteceecseuse 75,000 1,700 500 (C3). etesisreisicl ara
Trout, fresh. ........... --| 1,943,000 | 139, 000 514,000 | 43,000 |1, 129, 000
Trout, salted = 31, 000 1,100 14, 000 400 17,000
Wile bases os csc cenenwineee 300 300 |G) feswes cance
Whitefish, fresh. ...........
Whitefish, salted... ..
Whitefish, bluefin
Whitefish, longjaw, fresh. . .
Whitefish, longjaw, smoked .
Whitefish, Menominee, fresh
Whitefish, Menominee,
Salted «22.202 scccccesce0%
Turtles
Mussel shells, pearls, and slug:
Skins, mink ._............-.
Skins, muskrat
51,000
1 , with catch as follows: Crowfoot dredges, 1,130,000 pounds, valued at $12,000; crawfish pots, 238,000 pounds, valued at $9,200; trammel nets,
Pre trpecier Re-tenai 87,200; mink and muskrat traps, 1,000 pounds, valued at $1,000, spears and hooks, 25,000 pounds, valued at $1.000° dip nets, 11,000 pounds, valued
; inor apparatus, 31,000 pounds, valued at $2,300. : ;
a To ta ie ep P ” 3 Less than 100 pounds. 4100 skins. 6 3,000 skins.
278 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
TaBLE 7.—WISCONSIN—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
senceuss Gill nets. Lines. Hykesey Reep| Feund eee HAD: |: ceawnan pate, Seines.
Quantity Quantity Quantit; Quantity Quantit Quantit Quantit:
(pounds)| Vue. |/(pounds).| V@l¥e- | pounds).| V@*- ((pounds).| V@!4*- |Cpounds).| V@™e- | pounds).| Value. (pounds), Vale.
Total.................-..-.--|8, 262,000 | $414,000 1/6, 964,000 |$338,000 | 670,000 |$57,000 | 341,000 | $6,800 96,000 | $5,800 | 109,000 | $4,700 82,000 | $1,300
Fish:
Carp, German..............--- 61, 000
Catfish and bullheads........ 3, 200
Herring, take, fresh......- .-|4, 042, 000
Herring, lake, smoked....-...] 59,000
Ling, or lawyer .... 10,000
Perch, yellow... 731,000
Pike and pickerel. 51,000
Suckers. 8 = 91,000 20,000
TOU ts sions conewesacinvses cease 2, 682, 000 1,970,000
Wiohitefishs seve. cccccscucctese 22,000 2,300 9, 600
Whitefish, bluefin... 388, 000 22,000 388, 000
Whitefish, longjaw..-...-...- 8,000 500 8,000
AILOGR GR. ois sivieceo:30 semerneaccae 4, 800 100 500
CPA WSD ace san cecamcccnaneemonee 109, 000 A700 | | ia crctarassic crcl) asicie eects as imaiere onl Semis clffaclacinestcens| wee merce (seceeimamen amtencms 109,000 | 4,700 |..........J..... bee:
1 Less than $100.
TaBLE 8.—WISCONSIN—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
ree Pound and trap | Fyke and h All oth
: und an an ; | A a=
speereat Gill nets. a het Tap y Soaks: eoP Lines. Trammel nets. Seines. Oe ane
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds) . Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds) . Value. (pounds) . Value,
Motel ssiecicacdssicine 12, 915, 000)$381, 000!) 4, 173, 000/$156, 000) 5,871, 000/$136, 000) 1,985, 000/$42,000} 330,000)$28,000] 166,000) $3,500} 127,000} $2,900) 263,000/$12,000
Fish:
Black Dass... 4, 200 oa oneieciek bale ueeta ass 400] (2) 2,800) 300 1,000) 100)..........]....2.. (3) OY 1 || cterntcece inereseen
arp, German
ofteSbae genet 267, 000) mee viscous. 24 | Aeaewerelett cameo loca ce ce 87,000} 1,500 500} (2) 136,000} 2,700 40, 000) 500} 3, 600) 200
arp rman
smoked.......... ASBO0|" | 2700)| sasacesent.Axvanudlamuaceanid teieasdee le @eneteseltasetay A500) “FON as crt. | SPA ts Se IN eel Pe ae lea
Catfish and bull- |
Boca fetes acca 74,000) 3, 200))..........]--..-.-. 5, 000) 100) 65,000) 2,900) 800) 100 1, 100} 100 1,700 100} 500} (2)
rum, or sheeps-
heads sscsscsecavie 23, 000) QOD || ere.ateceraia cise | isis meiosis a sawiaraa [aeiatciaieie ¢ 9, 600) 100 5,000 700) 200; (2) 8,000) (2) 100) ()
Ta lg cg 2,869,000! 76,000)| 1,984,000; 60,000) 839,000} 16,000 46, 000) 600) cciesaie oda | sce ede) eoaeneeasleesdseclaaserec ges eauadesl een eausees|eeeeecis
erring, lake
prmlted «--5: .| 327,000 5,200! 10,000 +~—-200|_—-317, 000)
erring, lake
smoked .........| 3,862,000} 62,000]} 237,000) 5,000] 3,625, 000
Ling, or lawyer... 32,000 400 3,700) (?) 6, 600}
Muskallunge....... 1,300 LOO | se deters ci] Sots s cael aaa cteens
Perch, yellow...... 1,819,000; 39,000)) 340,000] 11,000} 229,000) 4,300) 1,224,000} 22,000) 23,000} 1,600) 100} (2)
Pike and pickerel..| 183,000) 15,000) 22,000} 1,600 22,000) 1,500) 89,000; 7,700 26,000} 2, 100} 5, 000)
Pike Beer (wall-
eyed pike) 4,000 300} 4, 000)
Rock bass. . 4,700 200) 100
Sturgeon, lake,
freshesscscaa taaxe 12,000; 2,000)|..........].......- 4,900
Sturgeon, lake,
smoked.......-.- 2, 500 EO) | s.5:aiccterassse a farsals exealaeaaerecis
Suckers, fresh...... 896,000) 18,000; 259,000) 7,300) 131, 000
Suckers, salted....| 64,000 800} 3,400] (2) 53, 000}
Trout, fresh....... 1,620,000] 120,000 925,000) 61,000, 433,000)
Trout, salted...... 26, 01 900 12,000} 500) 14, 000)
Whitefish, fresh- .. 91,000) 8,700 19,000} 2,000) 72, 000)
Whitefish, salted. . 3,900 200 ~ 200) (?) 3,700
Whitefish, bluefin. 319,000! 6,500 255,000) 5, 200 64,000
Whitefish, Menom-
inee, fresh....... 89,000; 2,300 68,000; 1,600 19, 000)
Whitefish, Menom- ‘
inee, salted...... 60,000) 1,100 30,000 500 30,000 HOO ea ces Amore cemeet|eecmemue mete semen oen canes | weiss any ope cmtcised| aniolecleallingwaemecen| entered
‘ Allother.......... 3,500], 100 [esse secna-|emomans 300; (2) BOO Oye ale exepacxar | eee cee se ete [bere eras 5 eet ncesereal eam meri [seniors
Crawfish..............- 239,000) 9200 hinas sconce wait |aheeccisiatess |aneteis sctenctlllvein acca starctielsaralpelle deena eee ses staf endeulmamendes e|oite spice 500) (2) 238,000) 9,200
1 ey a 15000} ~ 32/400] Wass hncestonl sommoans |[Mateipactten| mncatenge| oeanecadina axenic «| aammiteore ell deanines| coemnomamtes [ee cmeeee ees eemse es gas sce 13,000] 2, 400
Skins, mink and musk-
PAS achasisinanccieciesinad 4 500 POO vapecaw ies reel a tears Meenas ss yt oa lle tit |e ale ett ae aaah Sal Mea aaa teas te malesesnies adele eee 4500 200
1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Crawfish pots, 238,000 pounds, valued at $9,200; dip nets, 11,000 pounds, valued at $600; spears and hooks, 2,200 pounds,
valued at $300; mink and muskrat traps, 500 pounds, valued at $200; and minor apparatus, 11,000 pounds, valued at $2,100.
3 Less than $100. 8 Less than 100 pounds. 41,600 skins.
FISHERIES, BY STATES.
TaBLE 9.—WISCONSIN—PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: 1908.
279
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES, Gill nets. AN other apparatus.!
Quanti Quantity Quantit
(euamie. Value (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
CR OAL: sorsen sai eects aes vi civals art aris pacireray ¥ opmaaeeayee meet s dein tis Saabaccidat tedsacaee 601, 000 $11,000 597,000 $11,000 4,100 $200
Herring, lake, fresh... . 87,000 500 87,000 500.
Herring, lake, salted =. 414) 000 6, 900 414, 000 6, 900
‘ike perch (wall-eyed pi fe 200 800 2y
49,000 3,000 47,000 2,900
4,500 200 4,500 200
2,500 200 2,500 200
42,000 600 42,000 600
1Includes pound nets, with a catch of 3,100 pounds, valued at $200; and lines, with a catch of 1,000 pounds, valued at $100.
2 Less than $100.
Taste 10.—WISCONSIN—PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: 1908.
PRODUCT CAUGHT BY—
TOTAL.
SPECIES. Pound and trap nets. Gill nets. All other apparatus.!
Quantit Quantit Quantit: Quantit
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Total sic ssinicacs sid sours e eis weiseec vaweeies Sameeates Seekers 1, 216, 000 $47,000 609, 000 $23,000 555,000 $20,000 52, 000 $2,900
Herring; lake, fresh. seces esseesu seat socs wap ecinies srncaincteces 48,000 600 21,000 300 27,000 B00) lisse create Mememmean cs
Herring, lake, salted........ a 415,000 6, 200 223,000 3, 200 188, 000 2,900 4,400 100
Pike perch (wall-eyed pike) ,000 20
Sturgeon, lake............ 9, 400
Suckers, fresh......... 53 30, 000
Suckers) Salted). icyeins 0 t-cece den cacataceisietienansicescieniecisaces 59,000
Trout; fresh soc cs sascic erate saan avteeeennabeleeeasteuetace> 324,000
TrOUt, SAlbCD :c.sciciremis roceane sax cadina at dameae Dee eee se Sees 4,700
Whitefish, fresh. . 166, 000
Whitefish, salted............-.-------- 6, 100
Whitefish, bliefin. 2.00.45. ceaciseaueess sanaceccs eee teiseie 3,300
Whitefish, longjaw, fresh...........--.-- 69,000
Whitefish, longjaw, smoked ‘
All- Other. ssniayscavenies san ceoeewmegins seuueiein = Sa pce ae eee 2,100
1Includes lines, with a catch of 39,000 pounds, valued at $2,400; and seines, with a catch of 13,000 pounds, valued at $600.
2 Less than $100.
3 Less than 100 pounds.
CHAPTER VIII.
CANNING AND PRESERVING.
Comparison with earlier canvasses.—The earliest
year for which separate statistics of the industries of
capning and preserving fish and oysters are available
is 1870. At the census for that year there were
reported under the heads ‘‘Fish, cured and packed”
and ‘‘Oysters, canned,’’ 92 establishments which em-
ployed in all 2,441 persons and had a combined capital
of $966,000 and products valued at $3,064,000. No
figures are obtainable for 1880, as the reports for the
canning and preserving of fish and oysters in that year
were included with the reports of other industries.
The following table presents a comparative summary
of the statistics of establishments engaged in canning
and preserving fish and oysters in the United States,
exclusive of Alaska, as returned at the censuses of
manufactures in 1890, 1900, and 1905, and the census
of fisheries in 1908. The figures obtained at the cen-
suses of manufactures represent industries classified
under the head of ‘‘Canning and preserving, fish,”’
and ‘‘Canning and preserving, oysters.”
Fishery products are preserved to some extent in
establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture
of other products. It is also true that, in the censuses
of manufactures, products other than those of the
fisheries are included with industries classified as
‘‘Canning and preserving, fish”’ and ‘Canning and pre-
serving, oysters.’’ In the census of fisheries for 1908,
reports were secured covering only that part of the
operations of those establishments which pertained
to the fisheries. For these reasons the figures for
1908 are not strictly comparable with those for prior
years.
PER CENT OF INCREASE.
1908 1905 1900 1890
1905 to | 1900 to | 1890 to
1908 1905 1900
Number of establishments}... c000:022 svcscseases eeeeseeasaves on evteeeeenie veasee 690 379 333 126 82 14 164
Capital noo. cewss eeccesnenesese cess teseeeeceuest PEL eeeseeheee to sees eeesee esis eee $24,124,000 | $12,177,000 | $16,693,000 $4, 294, 000 98 227 289
Persons employed '§ es 75 sc ecemsios /oesinediceaunes $4 Szeehteeds YA Sec accesses 16, 305 9,241 13,185 8,716 76 230 50
Dalaried employ eesss cs, ccssioniceees <acistciniocishaa seis meeawinaaceannatawmneneasas 1,054 796 587 243 32 36 142
Wage-earners............--- 15, 251 8, 445 12, 598 8,473 81 234 49
Mem 16) years GME OV EDs «i. ete injsis's a:ncisseieeispoises Sea iowisuensde Pee eehasweenesee wey 8,918 4,402 8, 228 5, 269 103 2 46 56
‘Women 16 years and OVEr...... ocr ensued soe er amsiegeedadeeneaetadeeben 5,184 2,972 3,037 2,543 75 22 19
Children under 16 Years ..<siasciiuneesitesce teateaawses wie aceasta ses are k 1,149 1,071 1, 333 661 7 220 102
Salaries and wages. viccssevcsccencnseses taweemsasar sate tpriels waees teaeeese ee $5, 399, 000 $3, 542, 000 $3, 807, 000 $1, 961, 000 52 26
Salaries 2: vscneiecssewas iemaestiees see emee ses oe eee teem emene sMiewentewisie Hee $1,152,000 $702, 000 $592, 000 , 000 64 20 207
We ara ape nine tarasaravenscs niasaye minieywitrortigicia syaitiaie retevsroaeie sg sie mbindensinustoe nie Ente Saselevionya ava $4, 247, 000 $2, 840, 000 $3, 215, 000 $1,771,000 50 212
en 16 years and over..... $3,175, 000 $2,079, 000 $2, 641, 000 $1, 290, 000 53 221 105
Women 16 years and ove $946, 000 $634, 000 $431, 000 $437,000 49 47 21
Children under 16 years. $126, 000 $127,000 $143, 000 43, 000 1 212 231
Value of products. ......-.....-. $28,401,000 | $22,628,000 | $19,431,000 | $10,233,000 26 16 90
Fish, oysters, etc........---. ii masa MEAG oe eee eee Cewemae SESE $24,885,000 | $21,538,000 | $17,262,000 is 16 Lin ee eee
All Other PrOGUCtS sea 55 sce csajesssainis s3ie seudclcshajaiwia S Seehayciaiamiedis igitdenggeenisie Lode $3, 517, 000 $1,090, 000 $2, 169,000 4 123 2:50! | Sewevetexs
1 Exclusive of the canneries and salteries of Alaska, for statistics of which see Report of the Bureau of Fisheries, Doc. No. 645.
2 Decrease.
3 Not including proprietors and firm members except in 1890 when they were not reported separately.
4 Not reported separately.
In the number of establishments and in the value
of products there were increases during each period.
From 1905 to 1908 the former increased 82 per cent
and the latter 20 per cent. The apparent decreases
from 1900 to 1905 in the number of wage-earners and
in wages may be attributed to a difference in the
methods used at the two censuses for reporting con-
tract labor, which is extensively employed, especially
in the salmon canneries. In 1900 contract employees
were reported as wage-earners, while in 1905 and in
1908 their number was not reported, the wage item
being included under the head of ‘‘ Miscellaneous ex-
penses”’ in 1905 and under the head of ‘‘Cost of ma-
terial” in 1908. From 1905 to 1908 the number of
wage-earners increased 81 per cent, but in the amount
(280)
of wages paid the increase was only 50 per cent. In
capital invested there was a decrease of $4,516,000
from 1900 to 1905, which resulted principally from a
loss of $6,312,000 in Maine, apparently due to a re-
organization of some of the larger establishments, and
a loss of $1,012,000 in Oregon. From 1905 to 1908 the
amount of capital increased 98 per cent. The invest-
ment of 1908 represents an outlay of $3,417,000 for
land, $10,288,000 for buildings, and cash amounting
to $10,420,000.
Statistics, by geographic divisions——The table fol-
lowing shows, for the principal items of the statistics,
the distribution by geographic divisions. These divi-
sions correspond with those which appear in the pre-
ceding chapters on fishery products.
Upied aot bane Pacific coast | Great Lakes ae pi
eS division. division. division. division. division.
Number of establishments !..........2-2.0200000-0200ceeeee eae Res oncece cet, 690 4 36 99 83 8
ital... seeteeeerereteteteees $24,124,000 |] $11,937,000 | $2,465,000} $8,713,000 | $1, 003, 000 $5,200
Bennie fe ical cnt as si0; 288° 000 || $4°878°000 | si3sio00 | $3’yor'o00 | $287/000 31'200
ey He ce el cc Coa sae ci le 310 450000 Poe 000 aoaa? 000 $3,791, 000 $287, 000 $1,200
Persons employed......-.+--0ss0ss ee cee eee eee eee eee "17, 202 LL, 683 ae : fe an eT
Proprietors and firm members..............-..---..-. sess. e sees sees 397 ” 646 9 oe 7 12
Salaried employees............ 0.20000 cseecc scree le ceee seer eect eee eee 1,054 618 147 244 45
Wage-earmers. oo oc secon ns sean g1ccndis tencenemes we sce ooucenan 15,251 10, 419 2, 886 1,769 7a} oS 3
en 16 years and over..........-.. sess eee eee eee eee 8918 6, 084 1,103 1554 174 3
Women 16 years and over........0....se see ee eevee eeeeeeee 5,184 3, 632 1)370 "182
_ Children under 16 years... 2222002022 2l2l2 sl 1) 149 "703 "413 Er Renata aoe cr nea pene geonom
Salaries sand wages : $s, 399, 000 93, 320, 000 $020, 000 | $1, 316, 000 | $12, 000} ~—~—=«$1, 700
aehage ¥ 152, 0,000 $333 47,000! | sinaciedinne seen
Wikpeseceee kt cee cee cr secur eee oie eran selec sce anne 34,247,000 |] $2, 678, 000 $490, 000 $983, 000 394, 000 $1, 700
en 16 years and over......--.2ss eee eee eee $3,173,000 || $1,903; 000 $257,000 $919, 000 $94, 000 $1, 700
Women 16 years and over......... sss ss so sosees ee seeeeeselelnnene 3946; 000 $701, 000 $185, 000 $59,000 |.......-- tial Neate bee
Saas patetes WING OL NG oy CANS rare eect coieseeeiarsrececictenaeciayA cimictntcpadate a ialnscherenetanciasrtoriaHiere $126, 000 $74, 000 $47, 000 $4,900 | cesrcicsrsiecteaar| eanecmasieetiere
Quantity {Gr Yor it s\s EMRE AE ISS RRO ENS en ERE Eva SOLDER ET ME MEERG AI RIRR SERA 468,947,000 |] 359,558,000 | 26,461,000 | 73,257,000] — 9, 535, 000 137,000
BLS es haute patie oie Cctnai Ewio nee anual or wena ae ee, Cem i $28, 401,000 || $18,741,000 | $2,404,000 | $6, 450, 000 $788, 000 $19, 000
1 Exclusive of the canneries and salteries of Alaska, for the statistics of which see Report of the Bureau of Fisheries, Doc. No. 645.
The Atlantic coast division ranked first in the in-
dustry, reporting nearly half of the capital and ap-
proximately two-thirds of the number of establish-
ments and of the value of products. The Pacific
coast division was second in the number of establish-
ments, capital, and value of products, and the Gulf of
Mexico division was second in the number of persons
‘employed. The schedule used in the canvass of the
packing and canning establishments called for the
quantity of fresh fish received at the plants, to be re-
ported in pounds. The data furnished as a result of
this inquiry were, however, so incomplete and unsat-
isfactory that no use could be made of them.
Products, by kind—The next tabular statement
gives the quantity and value of the principal kinds of
products prepared, arranged in order of value, together
with the proportion which each contributed to the
value of all products.
Salmon, sardines, cod, and oysters contributed
slightly more than two-thirds of the value of the entire
output.
CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—
PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF PRODUCT. Quantity. Value.
|
'
Per cent | Per cent
Pounds. . | distribu- Amount. distribu-
tion. tion.
TOtal -cnccsgsazar coqresceas 468, 947, 000 100 || $28,401,000 100
Fish, oysters, ete....-.-.------- 340, 086, 000 73 24, 885, 000 88
almon. .- 57, 461,000 12 5,966, 000 21
Sardines 72,323,000 15 5,311,000 19
Cod..-.- 60, 979, 000 13 4,557,000 16
Oystets......--- 46, 593,000 10 3,428, 000 12
Shrimp and prawn.. 3,772, 000 1 42,000 3
Herring.......- 18, 204, 000 4 667, 000 2
Haddock 12,362,000 3 594, 000 2
Lake herring. . -| 6,261, 000 1 480, 000 2
All other... 4 62, 130, 000 13 3,139,000 11
All Other... <2<sees.ssveceees—sa8 128, 861, 000 27 3,517, 000 12
The following table distributes the value of prod-
ucts by species and by geographic divisions:
CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—VALUE OF
PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF PRODUCT.
artis Atlantic Pacific Guitet | Great Paes
States coast coast Mexico sippi River
: division. division. division. eons
AG EAL sce oe coe hogs cas age po siaes see ee smsmreiare Bet ce ni Sn RAE RE AD eet Hee Seem eRe ete $28, 401,000 || $18,741,000 | $6,450,000 | $2, 404, 000 $807, 000
Pish,coysters, 006-0 soc.gocisccannuaejeatie Se reseed HES eee tee See tasiee ns ERPS tee Seam asin ss 24, 885, 000 15, 357, 000 6, 385, 000 2,338, 000
, oysters, ete....-.--2------ ee errr eee 3
AiSwives BIRO w.cicsece-eseien ss ec codes Heesesies ao ESS pe eee canes LESS Peete tee ST the j 28 & ne
COG cress arsibis aszretmins tele vies neo Mlansts 6 «ASR SES PIE SE a Tse SR EERE HE TATE Pu pe
HAA GOCK nz ecvciemccieciceers selec aden aicin es SERRE ARR ae OG
Pak6. -cweis oxcnecsscnsitinn oi heiceonine isin re ESE eee
TRAD Ub << cokcmetoarevots ganticiere Pade odisc aoaeeoe Beeerers 157, 000
a i
Tralce herring. 2 joc.: 02 jade reece cease sn) eeemieiasis on nda ose oeeR oes peeeinmesininee rh pao
Maalrarel ox oc peduawied nannies SoeRAES Tere Re NSH EM aE! Hed SENET IY RETROHEROES FER e eines oh akong
PQ laches es cincossemmceyach vie cecesig doses ieseh SRS Se IeS Se easton sng ease REP NN NOS HUES Sit sini Site 5. 966” 000
hon L1G Eicon avcesemoc cts los codes sh RDS STEEP USCS innit tle RRR CITES TS SSSI A , 966,
GAKATHES Ee ocak eens eemca esd sea. jeicee cower mas crecatnatd ua Ausangn se sew uae Soe eroan sas 5, 31, 000
Sturgeon and caviar. ....-.--.----2----eeccee cece escrr rrr seessrrsss oe 000
WHIDSASH. oc cc vaesons souacnundpadnnes eycetaarvesssecescecga vedsdasnenaes See stesss te 263, 000
GT aUAS se oe dice stares ee nese ere Sucre s RE Ras elas BERR SST ES EI eae ps RT 5
Oe Stete. ce eek de ce shapeera aay oafe tum ne ctiicm gs SuES aRDET Be PNP aenee ae TREES SES 3, 428, 000
Cea esate cone ee sak aan teem cpa mingeetcg ro ep taceceeasti ae eat as i
Shrimp and prawn.......---------20seceecreces crests E000
An a OUNEN poraae! esse enti ant etaontie PSS Ss EEE SY SOFT To craseemsu cacea aeccate he 3, 517, 000
GUTOR, coscesceoanevtcs arersiovessiaieyaicvard nie Seduageais: Satara EES BESTT SS EN Oe memninines i RASS TOS AE SE AS 5
WOrtiliZer. =a maa soscreens seicamenerSededaiedtncuied Memes ast see Seen e LHS SHER PETERS 1, at a
ETA ssesccccssines arco ses es evdewnecctecenerai nce pee ic iestie Sam REISS ERI UR tcl nna crane AO ,
OMT never dcaneeaian angina d onsaaneatto som beciace RARE SM aaiteteiig Meni sie SREB TE SSPE SS oe oon
FRU ODOR cess erence eatetere os areroemieseise Rainn Satie cee SREP R INE Hee dlecive bing RAR RESETS SS 98,
1 { $17,000 reported for products from the Mississippi River division
a ios a a a $2,000 pevoried for products from the Mississippi River division.
282
The Atlantic coast division reported 66 per cent of
the total value of products; the Pacific coast division,
23 per cent; the Gulf of Mexico division, 8 per cent;
the Great Lakes division, nearly 3 per cent; and the
Mississippi River division, less than 1 per cent. Of
the value of all salmon treated in continental United
States, 90 per cent represents the value of salmon pre-
pared by the canneries and packing houses of the
Pacific coast states. The Atlantic coast division is
credited with 96 per cent of the sardines as measured
by value, 90 per cent of the cod, 52 per cent of the
oysters, and 84 per cent of the sturgeon prepared in
the United States. Nearly all of the hake, mackerel,
and herring (exclusive of lake herring), and all of the
alewives, haddock, and pollack were put up in the At-
lantic coast states. The Gulf states reported 45 per
cent of the oyster product and almost the entire shrimp
and prawn product. All the lake herring output was
from the canning houses of the Great Lakes division.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Table 1, on page 286, gives the value of the food
products, by species and by method of treatment.
The canned product exceeded in value the product
treated by any other method used in preparing fishery
products for market. Of the total value of food prod-
ucts—$24,885,000—57 per cent represents canned
product; 14 per cent, boned; 11 per cent, smoked;
10 per cent, salted; 7 per cent, pickled; and 1 per
cent, frozen.
Table 2, on page 287, distributes the quantity and
value of all products of the industry according to
method of treatment and kind of product, for conti-
nental United States and for each geographic division.
The by-products of the canneries and packing houses,
consisting of fertilizer, oil, glue, etc., had a value in
1908 of $3,517,000. On account of the importance of
some of these as articles of commerce, they are shown
in detail, by geographic divisions and by states, in the
following table:
CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—VALUE OF
PRODUCTS OTHER THAN FOOD PRODUCTS: 1908.
DIVISION AND STATE.
Glueand | Allother ,
Total. Fertilizer. oil. fsinglass. | products.
United States $3,517,000 $1, 233, 000 $854,000 | 1$782,000 $648, 000
Atlantic coast division 3, 384, 000 1, 207, 000 | 844,000 | 1762,000 571, 000
VAT EIN 12 27 = nis cpcte,ssvisiseisracewe sean saiciesaieeiciescite cite ats amlsinaing Sneiieletnelecins Fave beeeeanemeae 1, 032, 000 618, 000 328,000 |.....-.--.-- 87,000
INOFEH Carolina’: sims ver acecijaastartstrsceraciaelers doesn mene aiiactas ee mabereoan men ene 116, 000 90, 000 233,000: ib ejnciniaraie ss csc 2,100
Massachusetts . 1, 249, 000 77, 000 123,000 | 1753,000 296, 000
New Jersey. .-. 63,000 |} 47,000) 16,000 |.........-2-)..0..0 22.22.
Maryland...... 27,000
Maine..........-- 95, 000
All other states , 000
Pacific coast division 21,000
Californias i secaseaeecatnaecat seh ecetetaese seaeees 11,000
ONOBON oars c eswiaisiad se comands ea eeacem sa eee 400
Washington 9,000
Gulf of Mexico division 54, 000
TOwislan ose cece cheers wh ht eae ae ties ae Beets Seniesa Eh deeemeeemeeR eer edcemies Keseee 31,000
Mississippi 24,000
Florida.........- 100
Great Lakes division 1,100
1 Includes a value of $150,000 reported for isinglass.
Of the total value of products other than food re-
ported by the fish and oyster canneries and packing
houses, 35 per cent represents the value of the fer-
tilizer manufactured. The Atlantic coast states con-
tributed 98 per cent and Virginia alone 50 per cent of
the value of the fertilizer produced by these establish-
ments.
Another important by-product of this industry was
fish oil, for which a value of $854,000 was reported, or
24 per cent of the total for products other than food.
Virginia led, with an output valued at 38 per cent of
the value of all fish oil reported by the establishments
under consideration. The manufacture of fish glue
was confined to three states—Massachusetts, Maine,
and California—95 per cent of the value of the output
being credited to Massachusetts. All the isinglass re-
ported, valued at $150,000, was from Massachusetts.
The preceding statistics are confined to the fish can-
ning and preserving establishments of continental
United States, and do not include Alaska. In the
remainder of the chapter, which is devoted to a pre-
sentation in detail of the data for the leading prod-
ucts, statistics of the Alaskan output have been
included.
Salmon.—The table following shows, for the United
States, inclusive of Alaska, the quantity and value of
the salmon treated in 1908, distributed according to
method of treatment by states.
ern aan eh
SALMON PRODUCT OF CANNERIES AND PACKING HOUSES: 1908.
DIVISION AND STATE OR TERRITORY. Salted, i
a. in-
Total. Canned. | Pickled. | Smoked. | cluding | Frozen and
mild-cured. 7
” QUANTITY (POUNDS).
United States, including Alaska. .... 2... 0.0... ooo occ eee eee eeeec eee. 256, 414,000 |} 221,107,000 | 19,053, 000 4,297,000 8,540,000 3, 418, 000
Pacific coast division... 2.22.2... 0.00.0. e coco coc ce cece cece tebe ccc eeeeeecc cece. 252, 982,000 |] 221,107,000 | 19, 053, 000 971, 000 8, 434,000 3, 418, 000
AlOSEA sores 0 ca gaat sea eaeeadnoGis ean desdue pet ceenss.40- oe meeoeunaeaeeenulees 198, 953,000 |} 182,488,000 | 113,713,000 48,000 1, 646, 000 21,057, 000
Washington. . 28,954,000 |} 22° 091; 000 780; 000 800;000 | 4,457,000 ” 895,000
Oregon..... 21,914, 000 16, 339, 000 3, 959, 000 80,000 |.........0.-.. 1, 536, 000
3, 162, 000 189, 000 0, 000 42,000 2,331,000 |.........2..2.
3, 432, 000 3, 327, 000 105,000 |.............-
OW MONE edits 3a. 2b iaseamjem et ctd am uae ahs eee Benn puis v ogy agony < 2,504,000 2,504, 000) |sxsicncesccy saz |ncagecu scence.
Allother states. 0.3 chasacntsvcumtondcmmpee mince ce deiecateceokec "928, 000 ” 823" 000 105,000 |............-.
AlASIED 2.2 se 2gcaemetines cha nvdsis eve cauanniete nw nie sicicada ual asaedl ugha wadeebavercd 198, 953,060 |] 182,488,000 | 13, 713, 000 48, 000 1, 646, 000 1,057,000
AWSURLOS sia sain sre ansais saostewtyittied somseiinsmuis Geameemerobonsencseareiercccn 57,461,000 || 38, 618, 000 5, 339, 000 4,249, 000 6, 893, 000 2, 361, 000
VALUE.
United States, including Alaska. . $16,638,000 |} $14,132,000 | $1,053, 000 $678, 000 $541, 000 $234, 000
Pacific coast division 16,017, 000 14, 132, 000 1,053, 000 60,000 538, 000 234, 000
Alaska... .........0..22. 10,672,000 |} 10,186,000 3 353, 000 4,000 79, 000 451,000
Washington 2, 731, 000 2, 362, 000 76,000 39, 000 199, 000 55,000
ORG OM eos dais seniniies 2, 256, 000 1,565, 000 552,000 O00) sarc aerescarpg 129, 000
California... 222220222. 359, 000 20, 000 “72,000 6, 300 261,000) | ecccccecee- cs
Eastern and Central divisions G21 000 MN. csisccrajescie.a yer lese aeotentsndald ane 618, 000 2800) he siemrs clewrenne ces
ING WA VOTK i.e hotee scene aueegen AGO 1000 I aaceeciateiss cial acct seemeneun AGO sO000! ders poche et a Mis ce decides enntae
All other states T6T 5000) ecaeecrtemmascl mciccaueandaease 158, 000 2 BOO Ihe sccversinse cer aratears
(NIASICE 6 5 204 cds Serica Soe eee clades 4 10, 672,000 || 10, 186, 000 353, 000 4,000 | 79,000 51,000
All 88008 isiccaescavosawecesaccinshemen cys 5, 966, 000 3, 946, 000 700, 000 674,000 | 462,000 183, 000
1 Includes 4,457,000 pounds of salmon bellies.
2 Includes 888,000 pounds of fresh salmon.
The total quantity canned or preserved in 1908 was
256,414,000 pounds, valued at $16,638,000. Alaska
easily ranked first, reporting 78 per cent of the quan-
tity and 64 per cent of the value. Washington, with
11 per cent of the quantity and I6 per cent of the
value, and Oregon, with 9 per cent of the quantity
and 14 per cent of the value, ranked respectively
second and third.
The methods of treatment employed vary in the
different sections of the country; for instance, 74 per
3 Includes a value of $59,000 reported for salmon bellies.
4 Includes a value of $48,000 reported for fresh salmon.
cent of the California product was salted, while practi-
cally all of that prepared in the Eastern and Central
states was smoked. Of the total product of salmon
treated in the United States, including Alaska, 86 per
cent was canned.
The following tabular statement gives comparative
statistics as to the quantity and value of the salmon
treated in the United States, inclusive of Alaska,
by states, arranged in the order of the value in
1908:
SALMON PRODUCT OF CANNERIES AND PACKING HOUSES.
1908 1905 1900
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
United States, including Alaska........2..0..22-02-ceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 256,414,000 | $16,638,000 |} 190,529,000 | $13,633,000 || 116,621,000 $9, 423, 000
, including Alaska............
Fe ee I emanate Senha Three Mi RIE CEE SRA RNA A RNOED oI ET 198,953,000 | 10,672,000 || 126,370,000 7,731,000 51,992,000 3,608, 000
Washn sit SSA OR SUE SES 28, 954,000 2,731,000 32,034,000 2,909, 000 44,317,000 3,840, 000
ashington. 21,914,000 2,256, 000 27, 262,000 2,392, 000 16, 165,000 1,665, 000
G ai Bis 3,162,000 359, 000 1) 1 3,679, 000 270,000
‘an pee 2, 504, 000 460, 000 1,881,000 320,000 97,000 14,000
ae hee etnies 928, 000 161,000 2,982,000 281,000 371, 000 :
1 Included under ‘ All other states.’’
Sardines.—Since 1875, when the first factory for
canning sardines in the United States was started at
Eastport, Me., that state has held a practical monopoly
of the industry.
The tabular statement following gives the quantity
and value of sardines packed, by states, for 1900,
1905, and 1908.
284
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
SARDINES PACKED.
ren 1908 1905 1900
eee Quantit: Quantit:
Coon aie Value. (pounds). Value. (pounda’ Value.
72, 203,000 $5,309,000 87,225,000 $4,380,000 44,951,000 $4, 212,000
1 68, 216,000 1 4,732,000 86, 219,000 4,291,000 44,420,000 4,050,000
2,322,000 369, 000 (2) () 142,000 84,000
1, 634,000 207,000 860,000 78,000 389,000 79,000
2, 000 1,900 146,000 11,000 (2) 2
1 Not including 120,000 pounds of ‘‘Russian sardines,” valued at $2,100.
Cod.—The cod product treated in 1908 amounted to
66,382,000 pounds, valued at $4,692,000. The follow-
ing table shows the quantity and value of this product
2 None reported.
according to the method of treatment, for the United
States, including Alaska, and by states:
COD PACKED: 1908.
Frozen,
DIVISION AND STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Boned. Salted. Pickled. fresh, and
smoked.
QUANTITY (POUNDS).
United States, including Alaska): . 2... 52.2 sccesceecs cde cece cate dense ccsietainiscaecwoneale 66, 382, 000 32,784, 000 27,776,000 5,785, 000 37,000
AtlaniticicoastdiVvision .o.cccieserewes Secdr ened cacad pettecqoknet sadeetrenenewan ance esmromemenes 49,526, 000 32, 557, 000 15, 883, 000 1,083, 000 3,000
41,337, 000 31, 968, 000 8, 369, 000
8,097, 000 589, 7,426, 000
91,000 |).........2.... 000
16, 856, 000 227,000 11, 893, 000
Washington 4,551, 000 4, 324, 000
California 6, 902, 000 , 200,
Alaska... , 403, 5, 369, 000 |...
ANY statesiocasscaseceaaaatentes 60, 979, 000 32, 784, 000 22, 407, 000
Al ASK ws satavetcccisisiasvics ariesinates seein aigsas Soeiea rere mein aimiethiesigid o/h hom lnm naee Stee welare meseinemieicicoeicieais 5,403,000 |'..........2... 5, 369, 000
|
VALUE.
United States, including Alaska $4, 692, 000 $3, 250, 000 $1, 237,000 $202, 000 $2, 800
AtlanticieOastAiVISLOM 005: sinsesiaaieiessistulen cieatomstrsldeig sss vaemcsehaten o.ciseuijalinnctahecnemciysoads sees 4,101, 000 3, 238, 000 812, 000 51,000 200
MassachusS€ttSnvcacrsntonty yeeeeeeails a3 seeaterewnd seers ae aeraheerr beech ai ei geneteee eae 3, 726, 000 3,179, 000 497,000 50,000 |..............
i . 365, 000 59, 000 305, 000 T5400 | sroieiaje. cid seioiassin
Pennsy WANA: sae css re oh actisosed Bee eSapeied PEST ORES Meee MEoe aoe te keaer ra tiaess deo 10},000: || co txertasicccce D900) | iereictessraiscaikeystene 200
Pacific COAStIALVISION «a2: oacincieiiscie Deeside cineiaie sia dda Sn dcmmin eee pe soda eile See e aE OTS Ores 591, 000 12, 000 426, 000 150, 000 2, 600
Washington 229, 000 12, 000 247,OOD: | cscraseis/sisis si atzraied| slomenetis ewan
California... . j 227,000 WVisiscsieriaciinercis 77, 000 150,000 |..............
PNAS occa ccicrarsversscrercrctchoteinne ocohieecteleraisinies ciacteimramecins Fis Bie Kerem Saas FES EN Rea ieee a eae eaind sey 135,000 |]......-....--- 182,000! |sodiscinecesees 2, 600
WANS ba C0 i cel cto cre cess catsNeh dp avainetate hal a eislaccls ast aio oy GA ee ene 4,557, 000 3, 250, 000 1, 105, 000 202, 000 200
AIBSEG cree aninae vy ep inenes ay Kr IaAMndy sy peA she eH Her PmEMemEmSiRRia syamRaEiRN ee Ae maRNIC AIS Hale 135,000 |).....-......-- PUNO | wicca narcinnateosny 2,600
The value reported for 1908 represents an increase
of $1,678,000, or more than 50 per cent, over the
value reported for 1905, which was $3,013,000. In
1900 the product was valued at $3,109,000. The
next table shows, by geographic divisions and by
states, the quantity and value of cod reported by can-
ning and packing establishments in the United States,
including Alaska, for 1900, 1905, and 1908.
No figures are shown for Alaska for 1905, but a com-
parison of the figures for 1900 and 1908 reveals
an increase of 685 per cent in the quantity and of
382 per cent in the value of the cod prepared by the
canneries and salteries of this territory.
The product of Massachusetts represented 62 per
cent of the total quantity and 79 per cent of the total
value of cod treated in canneries and packing houses.
Maine reported a value of $365,000; Washington,
$229,000; California, $227,000; Alaska, $135,000; and
Pennsylvania, $10,000. There seems to be a rapidly
growing demand for boned cod. While but 49 per
cent of the total amount in 1908 was boned, the value
of the product thus treated formed 69 per cent of the
total value. In Washington nearly all of the cod was
salted, and in California about two-thirds was pickled
and the rest salted.
CANNING AND PRESERVING. 285
———
COD PACKED.
DIVISION AND STATE OR TERRITORY. 1908 1905 1900
Quantit: Quantit: Quantit
(pounds). Value. (rene: Value. (pounds). Value.
United States, including Alaska..............200...cccececcecceccceeeecceees 66,382,000 | $4,692, 000 48,758,000 | $3,013,000 65,419, 000 $3, 109, 000
Atlantic coast division ...... 2.0.0... 22... e ccc cc eee cc cece cecccececcceecnceeeeees 49, 526, 000 4,101, 000 40, 620, 000 2,655, 000 57,088, 000 2, 628, 000
Meets pS remeiciatneaigiciecise s eRLoaie sees eemmeen nant ne neal cl cine eat tec 41,337, 000 3,726,000 || 37,913,000 2,511,000 48, 501, 000 2,545, 000
‘All other state 8,097,000 365, 000 2,682, 000 141, 8,535, 000 80, 000
er states 91, 000 10, 000 24, 000 2, 200 52, 000 3, 100
Pacific coast division .. 2.2.2.2... .0. 2.2 cece cece cece cceccececcecssseuaes 16, 856, 000 591,000 8, 138, 000 359, 000 8,330, 000 480, 000
Beene on 4,551, 000 229, 000 877, 000 49, 000 954, 000 45, 000
fe i orate detesediGu aeicmats bamaainintinn dicen oSenisisninev aa meaiek eae 6, 902, 000 227,000 7, 261, 000 309, 000 6, 688, 000 407, 000
SKB acme se crecmsaatrrainciaian gacle mgainenin Dunncndane arewedaiSastinn yacaisaiee yale eae 5,403, 000 135,000. | cxecsacesemsice|acceae ese ocees i 28, 000
AM States. icc pnw sesausmsmawneane gs vis jaus Sa Seieoad eG ncisnoe san ceeeersemess eemuewe 60, 979, 000 4,557,000 48,758, 000 3,013, 000 64,731, 000 3,081,000
ASI sete Cone roe egg a teh ee pee Lieeare cn hb 5,403, 000 "135,000 ||..... veeeteee tek Lehane "688, 000 "28, 000
Oysters——The following table gives the canned-
oyster product, by states, for 1908:
OYSTERS CANNED:
1908.
DIVISION AND STATE.
Quantity
(pounds). Value.
Waited! States scic\s sic; casiety.s octets: soeteens aeenecanins 46, 593, 000 |$3, 428, 000
Atlantic coast division .............02 020. .cce eee e eee ee ee eee 25, 924,000 | 1,794,000
Mayland 2 ch faci. oda By aaa aeecde aun eacdnemaeiene 7,651, 000 599, 000
South Carolina. 9, 426, 000 525, 000
Georgia.-.... 4, 853, 000 374, 000
Virginia...... 1, 856, 000 163, 000
North Carolina. 1,055, 000 70,000
POOL LG A acecssntecarecenes ta toe tocareio ater Samia enero 1, 083, 000 62, 000
Gulf of Mexico division. .................2.2.2.--2--202 220005 20, 226,000 | 1,528,000
LOUISIANE... osc. ouecae Agedeenins Si gecReRteeeeeeeuee Yee 9, 969, 000 770,000
Mississippi - 7,835, 000 625, 000
SRL OEL GS ota ores cis pop Seosvenociarassg! 2 Siaiersianesal se era seamietnaas' tis Serato een Sle: 2, 422, 000 134, 000
Pacific coast division ..............-.--2----e2- eee eee eee eee 444, 000 106, 000
Washitigton)jececscesicindlecnuss seciccenioes ss <cecemeeaeeed 413, 000 100, 000
OregOUlssccnsieccvse snes ie Medsua Melia aneniestatasease 30, 000 6, 100
Louisiana held first place in the value of oysters
canned, followed by Mississippi, Maryland, and South
Carolina, in the order named. In 1905 Mississippi
ranked first, Maryland second, South Carolina third,
and Louisiana fourth. In 1900 Maryland was first
and Mississippi second. The next tabular statement
shows the quantity and value of the canned oyster
product for 1900, 1905, and 1908, by states ranked
according to the value reported in 1908.
The value of the canned oyster product was $371,000
less in 1908 than in 1905, but it was greater than in
1900 by $1,893,000, or 123 per cent. The decrease
from 1905 to 1908 occurred principally in Mississippi
and North Carolina.
Shrimp and prawn.—In 1908, as in earlier years,
practically all these crustaceans were packed in Lou-
isiana and Mississippi, the former reporting 54 per
cent and the latter 44 per cent of the total value of
product.
OYSTERS CANNED.
Saaae 1908 1905 1900
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
Tnited Gentes soe ick teen acest nds sek coe eameeeeeegy pamaseseseseeeaes 46, 593,000} $3,428,000 || 59,249,000} $3,799,000 || 20,792,000} $1, 536,000
Doottisiana a ..2 ice sie ceccccatece cece ecieeiesineeis aciae's ga ese Soeeees see sees ce 9,969, 000 770, 000 7,126, 000 507,000 1,273,000 72,000
MississiDplnec, ees 7, 835, 000 625,000 |} 21,952,000] — 1,341, 000 6,078, 000 495, 000
Maryland g,051, 000 oe 8, 666, 900 549, 000 6, ae, 000 ‘ 570, 000
oli 9, 426, 000 , i , 000
pontn Care: 853, 000 374, 000 4,794,000 257,000 1) 63
1,802, 000 126, 000 1, 504,000 96, 000
1) 1 1) Q)
umes 2) 2 50,000 17,000
aan 2, 526, 000 144, 000 (1) Q)
’ ) (?)
naeierindae do ahceamais Repeseeds 5, 132, 000 346,000 4,972,000 286, 000
1 Included in the total for ‘‘ All other states. ”’
The tabular statement following gives the quan-
tity and value of the preserved shrimp and prawn
3 None reported.
product in 1908, distributed by method of treatment
and by states.
286 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
SHRIMP AND PRAWN PRESERVED: 1908. SHRIMP AND PRAWN PRESERVED.
STATE. Total. Canned. Dried and pickled. Spice: 1908 1905 1900
Quantit Quantit: Quantit Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds, Value. (pounds) . Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
United States ..|3,772,000 |$742,000 |/3,273,000 [$657,000 } 500,000 | $85,000 United States. ./3, 772,000 |$742,000 |/5,087,000 /$479, 000 |/1, 929,000 | $226,000
Louisiana ............ 1,986,000 | 403,000 |j1, 644,000 | 334,000 | 1 342,000 69, 000 Louisiana.....-....-- 1,986,000 | 403,000 |/3, 762,000 | 346,000 515, 000 80, 000
Mississippi . 1,704,000 | 329,000 |/1,625,000 | 322,000 | 279,000 6, 600 Mississippi. . . 1, 704,000 | 329,000 |/1,315,000 | 132,000 |}1,313,000 | 136,000
Plorida =. .cscecsexses 75,000 D000 Ill ssscsccisreiais sl leiseoe ate as 275,000 9,000 All other states....... 83,000 | 10,000 11, 000 1, 200 102, 000 9, 800
South Carolina ....... 8, 300 1,000 3, 500 500 24,800 500
Massachusetts ........ 400 100 400 100: |aasewecccs| eewzeceee
Although the quantity preserved in the United States
1 Dried. 3 Pickled.
The quantity and value of the preserved shrimp and
prawn product, as reported at the canvasses of 1900,
1905, and 1908, are shown at top of next column.
in 1908 was less than in 1905, the value of the product
showed a large increase. Compared with the figures
for 1900, there is shown an increase of 96 per cent in
quantity and 228 per cent in value.
TasBLeE 1.—CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—VALUE OF FOOD PRODUCTS: 1908.
CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—VALUE OF FOOD PRODUCTS: 1908.
KIND OF PRODUCT.
Salted,
P ¥ A Frozen
Total. Canned. Boned. Smoked. including Pickled.
mild-cured. and fresh.
Total occ ecssegencemaacinmss xuiecaed weasecmiyenising valectcsleminaceciec $24,885,000 || $14,142,000 $3,526, 000 $2,818, 000 $2, 386, 000 $1, 694,000 $318, 000
Fish:
Alewives and roe
421, 000
3, 428, 000
166, 000
742, 000
391, 000
97,000
1 Value of halibut fins. -
CANNING AND PRESERVING.
Taste 2.—CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—PRODUCTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, METHOD OF
TREATMENT, AND KIND: 1908.
287
CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS—PRODUCTS: 1908.
UNITED STATES.
METHOD OF TREATMENT AND Atlantic coast divisi i ici Gulf of Mexico Great Lakes Mississippi River
RiNDrOR CEGRUGE ast division. | Pacific coast division. division. division. digelon,
Quantit: Val Quantity Quantit i i i
ue. Value. Quantit Quantit: uantit:
(pounds). (pounds). alue. | Sounds).| Value. (oounds). Value. (pounds Value. ere Value.
PRON inc ssucs erp accany ce menlare pndee 468, 964,000 |$28, 401,000 1/359, 558, 000 |$18, 741,000 |73, 257,000 |$6, 450, 000 |26, 461, 000 |$2, 404,000 | 9,551,000 |$788,000 | 137,000 | $19,000
Carin eA erewan venice eeeneeieats 169, 467,000 | 14,142,000 |]102, 751,000 | 7,498,000 |41,657,000 | 4,381,000 [25,056,000 | 2,259,000 |...........|......-.. 2,600 | 3,300
Sardines...........-.-...-.--- 72,168,000 | 5,307,000
cig $e" 618,000 | 379467000 [cote oce [eo tec ns -f88,618, 000 | 8,986¢000 |o22222202) SUI
eke da 25,924,000 | 1,794,000 444,000 106,000 |20, 226,000 | 1,528,000
nea 3, 900 GOO! [eterna 5 olleesinsicraiuss 3, 269, 000 56, 000
Crate 3, 283, 000 273,000 640, 000 86,000 | 1,353, 000 54,
are 3 f 720,000 147,000 69, 000 19} G00! tvircsnae cs piecltoss aecceicirs
All other... o:e2scesccescese 2,749,000 225, 000 2, 283,000 183, 000 256, 000 17,000 209, 000 21,000
BONG. ssh ccc naideceiseacineienaces 38, 307,000 | 3,526,000 |] 38,080,000 | 3,514,000 227, 000 12000 es .n ered ewete ore melee awn [242s seeslenenadionicn Pecans
32,784,000 | 3,250,000 |} 32,557,000 | 3,238,000 227,000 125,000 | j2:2 sdiecieisiace
123,000 || 1,372,000 1231000 tes eaacesewslaoceceewoee
68,000 || 2,080,000 68, 000
40,000 933, 000 40,000
35, 000 827,000 35, 000
11, 000 311, 000 11,000 |... 22...
2,818, 000 || 23,912,000 | 2,037,000 95,000
674, 000 2,975,000 547,000 923, 000 56, 000 71, 000
453,000 1,029,000 44,000
451,000 || 11,840,000 | 449,000) 98,000; 1,900 |.......-...|-----------|-----------|--22+----
426,000 |}........-..- 426, 000
308, 000 5,192,000} 308,000 |...........]..---------|--- 22 eee ef e eee ee ef cc ee fener nee
257,000 79, 000 67, 000
114, 000 851,000 408,000 |} 34,000 |.........--]-.---------|e- eee eee fee eee e ee
134,000 |] 1,046, 000 70, 000 23, 000 1, 600 62, 000
54,745,000 | 2,386,000 || 38,889,000 | 1,491,000 |14, 495, 000 796, 000 377,000 72,000 984,000 | 28,000 |..........].-.-----
22,407,000 | 1,105,000 || 15, 883, 000 812,000 | 6,524,000
& roy one pice hee 105, 000 , 800 | 6, 788, 000
i 18 4, 430, 000 183000) | cewinc cece
8628,000 | 179,000 || 8,626, 179,000 2,000
5, 278, 000 128, 000 5, 278, 000 128,000 |.......----
42, 0 G9;000 Ncicccienseacchscitinc gmc seer |alemejeee cic
1,595, 000 65, 000 1,595, 000 65,000 |.........--
1, 118, 000 61, 000 1, 118, 000 1000. [ccc cecsece
, 054, 000 134, 000 1, 854, 000 60,000 | 1,181,000
39,919,000 | 1,694,000 |} 29, 122,000 805,000 |10, 643, 000
5, 339, 000 700,000 |).....-....--
never see dis, 4,495,000 402, 000 4, 344,000
18, 193, 000 214,000 |} 18,193,000
5, 785, 000 2,
4, 208, 000
660, 000
Shrimp and prawn 158, 000
Barracuda........----- 230,000] 10,000 ||.......-...-|------------ 230, 000
AN OtHeLs o:c:cocasccavscna cee 851, 000 27, 000 169, 000 %
Frozen and fresh.......---------- 5, 644, 000 12,000 | 3,152,000 225, 000
SalMon 20:0... 68.ee9eeeees 2,361,000 | 183,000 ||...-...-----|----- 2,361,000 | 183,000 |.......--..]-----------]-----2-22--
Lake herring 946, 946, 000
Pike perch........-- 628, 000 628, 000
Halibut 560,000 | 22,000 |cwaeserkonnbennmnnipeesice, NEU ,VOU | 2d UIE: Vonnrcumanians |ewisteineoaeies ae aeemnnn em
Sturgeon 81,000] 12,000 ||.....-....--]------------
Herring 520,000
rt eee 190, 000 segentasee|ezecscacieeeceeeces|escetee
Allother........2-.--2-+0e-++ 368, 000 318,000 | 20,000 |......----|--------
All other products,including fer- ls
tilizer, oil, and glue....--.--.--. 128, 877,000 | 3,517,000 {|126, 202, 000 3,384,000 | 1,622, 000 65,000 950, 000 65,000 103, 000 2, OOO YW eersisnd Sard) Ginette
CHAPTER IX.
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.!
Comparison with domestic production.—The exports
of domestic fishery products for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1908, were valued at $6,166,193, and the
imports for consumption for the same period were
valued at $13,135,724, or $6,969,531 more than the
exports.
Fresh fish formed but a small part of either the
exports or the imports. The exports and imports of
fresh fish were essentially to and from near-by countries,
and so far as they are distinguishable and reported
separately amounted in value to only $87,379 and
$1,772,164, respectively. When these amounts are
deducted from the gross exports and imports there
remain the large sums of $6,078,814 and $11,363,560,
representing, respectively, the value of the exports
and imports of fishery products other than fresh fish
during the fiscal year 1908. Obviously, therefore,
any comparison of exports and imports with domestic
production must deal with the products of the fish
canning and preserving industry rather than with the
main products of the fisheries. The statistics of
domestic production, exports, and imports may be
correlated so as to show in a general way the value of
the fishery products available for consumption. Such
a comparison is, however, necessarily defective, not
only because the values of products in the census of
the fisheries are those reported by the fishermen or the
manufacturers, while the values of products exported
and imported, are the commercial values at the port
and may be therefore considerably different, but also
because there is no record of the value of the stock
on hand at the beginning and at the end of the year.
Furthermore, the statistics for exports and imports
are those for the fiscal year ended June 30, while those
for the fisheries are for the calendar year. The prod-
ucts of fish canning and preserving establishments,
however, inclusive of those of Alaska, had a value
of $35,902,847 in 1908. As a considerable amount of
fish was cured or preserved by the fishermen, this
should be added to the products of the fish canning
and preserving establishments, for comparative pur-
poses; and as these exports and imports of fishery
products include oil, whalebone, and sponges, the
amounts reported for these products by the fisheries
should be also added. The sum secured by making
these combinations, $38,910,295, represents the value
1 The figures used in this chapter have been taken from ‘‘Com-
merce and Navigation of the United States,’’ Bureau of Statistics,
Department of Commerce and Labor.
(288)
for the domestic production which is in a general way
comparable with the figures for the exports and
imports of fishery products other than fresh fish. This
total comprises the products of the fish canning and
preserving industry in continental United States,
$35,902,847; fish salted and smoked by fishermen,
$1,948,635; fish oil, whale oil, and sea-elephant oil,
$298,717; whalebone, $215,226; andsponges, $544,870.
The excess of the value of imports over that of exports,
$6,969,531, added to the above total, gives the sum of
$45,879,826 for the United States consumption of
fishery products other than fresh fish, of which amount
15 per cent represented imports and 85 per cent the
domestic production.
Comparison of exports and vmports——In 1890 and
previous years the total exports of fishery products
exceeded the imports, and the balance of trade was in
favor of the United States; but by 1895 the balance
had shifted and the imports exceeded the exports,
and since the latter year the balance of trade has uni-
formly been against the United States. The differ-
ence increased rapidly, until in 1907 and 1908 the debit
balance of trade was in excess of the total value of the
exports.
The following tabular statement gives the values of
the imports and exports of fishery products for cer-
tain years since 1875, and the resulting balances. This
statement includes the value of all fish, whether fresh,
canned, or otherwise treated, fish and whale oil, whale-
bone, and sponges.
VALUE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
FISCAL YEAR. Excess io Excess of
impor exports
Imports. Exports. over over
exports. imports.
$13,135,724
13, 224,049
12, 599, 201
11, 530, 487
11, 052, 236
8, 230, 121
6, 237, 287
5,815, 284 -| $1,521,709
5, 247, 404 643,7
3,813, 299 1,301, 627
3,350, 748 1,365,907
In the case of whale oil the excess of imports over
exports did not begin until 1900; whalebone exports,
on the other hand, have always exceeded imports, but
by varying amounts. It will be seen that the growth
in the debit balance is due chiefly to a marked in-
crease in the value of imports. Table 1, on page 291,
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
gives the quantity and value of the exports of domestic
fishery products, distributed by kinds, for the fiscal
years 1890, 1900, and 1908; and Table 2, on page 291,
gives for the same years the value of the domestic
exports, by country to which exported. The quantity
and value of the imports reported for the fiscal years
1890, 1900, and 1908 are distributed according to kind
of product and country from which imported in Table
3,0n page 292; and the value of imports for these years
is shown by country from which imported in Table 4,
on page 293.
The exportation and importation of fishery products
are governed largely by the location of the source of
supply or market, shipping conditions, the direction of
trade routes, etc.
The imports of salmon, which were valued at
$229,881, were all from near-by North American coun-
tries and the greater part were entered at North Atlan-
tic and at northern border and lake ports. Manifestly,
the proximity of the Canadian supply to the Eastern
states made such importation cheaper than the trans-
portation of the domestic product from the Pacific
coast. Similar situations, together with shipping
conditions and the location of trade routes, account
for the exportation of domestic cod, haddock, hake,
pollack, and herring to the West Indies and the Central
American states, while quantities many times larger
were imported from Europe, Canada, the West Indies,
and elsewhere. In the case of sponges part of the im-
ports consisted of various species not produced on the
coast of Florida, although the largest portion came from
the West Indies and comprised varieties very similar to
those produced in Florida.
tion of trade routes New York is the center of both
exportation and importation of this product. Oysters
were imported, while they formed the most important
fishery product exported next to salmon. Herring,
the fish most extensively imported, had only a small
value as an export, as explained above. Among other
fishery products imported in large quantities were ancho-
vies and sardines, pickled mackerel, of which only a small
amount was exported, and lobsters, which formed no
part of the exports of fishery products. Miscellaneous
kinds of fresh fish and shellfish from Canada and other
countries owe their interchange with like American
products principally to differences in species, but also
to the direction of the trade routes.
Exports.—Although the United States exported
fishery products worth $6,166,193 in 1908, the pro-
duction as a whole was less than the consumption, and
the fish importations, valued at $13,135,724, did not
overstock the market. Of the total value of the ex-
ports in 1908, 66 per cent represented the value of
salmon, either canned, cured, or fresh, and 11 per cent
that of oysters.
The preeminence of salmon among exports was
maintained in each of the years for which statistics are
76786°—11——19
On account of the loca-
289
given, the quantities differing only slightly. There has
been, however, a marked change in the form in which
the salmon has been exported; in 1890 practically
the entire quantity was canned, but in 1908 only 60
per cent of the amount exported was thus prepared.
Although less salmon was exported in 1908 than in
1890, the value of the smaller exportation was greater
by $758,176. On the other hand, the value of the
oyster exports decreased.
The fishery products -exported to the United King-
dom had a greater value than those exported to any
other country, although the value of the exports to
Germany was nearly as great. The former country is
credited with 26 per cent and the latter with 25 per
cent of the total value of our exports of fishery pro-
ducts. The German trade was much smaller, rela-
tively, in 1900 and 1890, while the purchases of the
United Kingdom for those years constituted 40 and 50
per cent, respectively, of the total value of the exports
of fishery products of the United States.
The exports to the United Kingdom in 1908 were
composed principally of canned salmon and com-
prised about half of that commodity exported. This
country also took nearly a third of the oyster exports.
The exports to Germany consisted almost wholly of
cured salmon, over 86 per cent of the total exports of
which went to that country. Of the exported whale-
bone, over 98 per cent represents product purchased
by France.
The total exports to North American countries have
gradually, though slightly, decreased since 1890. The
value of the exports to Canada, including Newfound-
land, $431,800, was larger in 1908 than that of the
exports to any other country of this continent, forming
41 per cent of the total value of fishery products ex-
ported to countries of North America. Though this
represents a decrease in both amount and percentage
of the total since 1900, it is nearly twice as great as the
corresponding value in 1890. In 1890 the West Indies
received a much larger share of our exported fishery
products than did Canada, but since then the exports
to these islands have steadily decreased, and a decrease
has been manifest since 1900 even in the case of Cuba,
despite the close political relations between that island
and the United States during the past 10 years. Butin
view of the fact that there has been an increase as com-
pard with 1890 in the value of the fishery products im-
ported from the West Indies, it seems probable that
the home demand rather than any loss of markets
caused the decrease in the exportations to these
islands. The exports of fishery products to the
Central American states were much larger than in
1900 and 1890, this increase being in line with the
increase in general trade with these states. Mexico,
especially since 1900, also shows a large increase in
imports of fishery products from the United States,
which was the result of the increased importation of
canned salmon.
290
The export trade in fish with South America has
developed rapidly, especially that with Chile and Ar-
gentina, salmon being the principal kind exported. Of
the great gain made in exports of fishery products to
Brazil between 1890 and 1900, about one-half has been
lost since the latter year. During the years from 1900
to 1908 the export trade with Asia, Oceania, and Africa
also receded from the high-water mark of 1900.
Imports —The aggregate value of fishery products
imported into the United States in 1908 was
$13,135,724, of which amount the sum of $12,292,770
represents the value of food-fish imports, including
shellfish. Herring, the chief article imported, sup-
plied 20 per cent of the latter value. The proportions
that other leading commodities represented of the total
value of the food-fish imports (including shellfish) were
as follows: Anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or
otherwise treated, 18 per cent; fresh fish, 14 per cent;
canned or preserved mackerel, 12 per cent; lobsters,
11 per cent; and preserved cod, haddock, hake, and
pollack, 7 per cent. Thus these commodities, together
with herring, account for 83 per cent of the total value
of food-fish and shellfish imports.
The bulk of the herring product, 97 per cent, was
pickled or salted and of the quantity thus treated, 37
per cent came from the Netherlands and a slightly
greater proportion, which, however, was of smaller
value, from the United Kingdom. Anchovies and sar-
dines, packed in oil or otherwise treated, came chiefly
from Norway and France. The value of fresh fish im-
ported was more than twenty times that of the fresh
fish exported. The most important source of supplies
of these latter imports was Canada, which also formed
the principal market for our fresh fish exports.
Of the value reported for mackerel, 42 per cent rep-
resents imports from the United Kingdom, and 34 per
cent imports from Norway. Lobsters were brought
chiefly from Canada, while a substantial quantity came
from British South Africa. Preserved cod, haddock,
hake, and pollack were imported chiefly from Canada.
The proportions which the specified kinds of imports
have represented of the total food-fish imports have
been nearly the same in previous years, although her-
ring has gained somewhat more rapidly than any of
the other classes of fishery products. Not one of the
classes of food-fish products for which statistics are
presented shows a decrease in importation in 1908, as
compared with 1890.
In respect to whale and fish oil, imports from New-
foundland and Labrador led, but the increase in the
value of the imports from Norway is to be noted, as
is their high grade. The growth of such imports from
Japan was also remarkable. The value of the total
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
importation of sponges, of which 77 per cent repre-
sents the value of sponges obtained from the British
West Indies and Cuba, was less in 1908 than in either
1890 or 1900.
Canada supplied the greatest value of imports of
fishery products, contributing 37 per cent of the total
in 1908, the same proportion in 1900, and 51 per cent
in 1890. Imports from Europe furnished 54 per cent
of the value of the imports in 1908; but the European
country which led in this respect, the United King-
dom, though ranking second to Canada, supplied im-
ports valued at less than half of the value of the
Canadian product. The value of imports from the
United Kingdom formed 17 per cent of the total
value of our imports of fishery products in both 1908
and 1900 and 9 per cent in 1890.
Norway and Sweden, next in importance, supplied
15 per cent of the total value of the imports in 1908,
and the Netherlands 9 per cent. The value of the
imports from the Netherlands formed in 1908 about
the same proportion of, the total value as in 1900, but
a slightly larger proportion than in 1890, while for
Norway the increase shown was more rapid than for
any of the other leading countries. Of the total value
of imports from Norway and Sweden in 1908,
$1,927,412 represents the value of importations from
Norway and $95,874 that of importations from Sweden.
While imports from Canada, the United Kingdom,
Norway and Sweden combined, and the Netherlands
have increased in value absolutely and relatively since
1890, those from France have lost both in absolute
and in relative value since 1900. The imports from
Belgium and the West Indies have also fallen off in
value since 1900. The values credited to these three
countries in 1908 are, however, greater than the cor-
responding figures for 1890. In 1890 imports from
France ranked second in value, those from Canada
being first. In 1900 the former were surpassed only by
those from the United Kingdom and Canada; while in
1908 France ranked fifth. This loss of position was due,
especially, to a decrease in the importation of sardines.
The great increase in the value of the Norwegian
imports was made up largely of increases in the value
of anchovies, as well as in the values of mackerel and
miscellaneousfish. Pickled orsalted herring accounted
chiefly for the increase in value shown for the United
Kingdom, but there was also a large gain in the value
of imports of miscellaneous fish from that country.
The increase in the value of Canadian imports was
common to all commodities except dried or smoked
herring, but was most pronounced in the case of fresh
fish, preserved cod, haddock, hake, and pollack, miscel-
laneous shellfish, and lobsters.
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. 291
TaBLE 1.—EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC FISHERY PRODUOTS: 1908, 1900, AND 1890.
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC FISHERY PRODUCTS.
KIND OF PRODUCT. 1908 1900 1890
Quantit Quantity Quantity
(pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
i fesvefi ese elie $6,166,198 ||..............| $6,168,118 j]........---...| $7,336,993
28, 226,045 2, ea 518 || 27,082,370 2, 693, = 28, 781, 661 3, 259, aa
Someecie ani 648,044 I... 22.22. 535,276" | siacins ccetereceress 39,
hued sisked arenes 1,777, 718 87,379 1, 557, 005 59, 734 1,043, 162 48, 086
Cod, 1 haddock, hake, and pollack.........222222.20002-200eeeeeeeeeeees 3, 385, 573 179, 987 9, 739, 573 404,212 || 17,030,019 793, 186
‘ae Sui nisiaisin ted sainied uate lnaiss eee ese Somes 858, 052 31, 575 3, 766, 897 82, 407 3, 664, 704 103,091
neo 174, 053 8,055 963, 774 56, 684 1,515, 790 83, 968
Mackerel 16, 877 14,352 15,512
All other iv Naae: 68,148 |f2 2222 99, 627 120, 524
Canned........-..-- Lee! 158,879 ||...-....2002-- 133, 244 143, 599
Shells Salo a odeadydinining Visine nate cca ewaes deccis Cie) weenie Me owecnetnd eke lease ehsavrqedean PON58D os cean nese 100), 786: lose scuecotint somes aerate.
oe be wiaidin At eaibes boris eaoee eeiponsteeeesemee mentee eee bneee BoeeneeWa nee yes Misa secems (663}832' || 22 jesecisensce 20%; 248 Ves crereeanyt rove mae ay
Seed eee pe ane aitet ne are Denne Sinn BI nine OI EN UA DNR LOO, [enn Neb tare os 714 | Reena eee 416) 212 fo occeemseses :
Other fishery products: oot tas
PiSh Oil cass vdecags wecnsta seesee cevseus veavesues dos ee ewueews eenawerendave se cee 1 306, 439 93, 261 1795, 642 184,403 | 1, ? 1,844,041 2 440, 773
Whale oil. .....2....-- 118) 507 8) 146 160,214 24, 766 | 1, 8 162, 505 3 124,601
Whalebone 53, 167 210, 444 196, 001 494,276 | 190, 484 705,500
5 ones sp Hiasats asc 247,518 168, 426 71, 642 ee i hesdasinneecwees bis
Others cceecdnctaeasehgasanes Bee aa toe EIS Re EON RENN CHaNN (einen ameN AlN 90,334 |l.......2.-22-- OA Moms mcactecas ;
il
1 Gallons. 2 Includes whale oil. 8 Sperm oil. Whale oil included with fish oil.
TaBLe 2.—VALUE OF EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY TO WHICH EXPORTED:
1908, 1900, AND 1890.
VALUE OF EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC
FISHERY PRODUCTS.
COUNTRY TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1908 1806 1890
All GOUNTTIOS. . << caccceeseccsaseece cavceebea cae encceieiialeRelcitis cence ceieeeiscine ces Sess tin tga SdieGE Reese eeeNscing seEsinsiees seen $6, 166, 193 $6,163,113 $7,336, 993
Harpe aie scctcicn sates sie esses te cine wine SMEG BESS alta a nase ds ne alee at REE RR aint gece eine Dope RRR 3, 604, 806 3,533,975 4,820,770
Germany........--.-------+---+-22- 2 +> 1,520, 674 574, 144 650, 290
United Kingdom. ....-..-.---------- 1,597,769 2,489, 488 3, 849, 099
All other countries....-..-.--------- : 486, 363 470, 343 21, 408
North America.....-.-.---------+-----2++- 1,084, 384 1,094, 720 1, 217, 886
Canada, Newfoundland, and Labrador 454,291 516, 062 , 067
Central America..........------++-+++ 177,699 44,880 62,935
Mexico. .........---2---- 2022 e eee 163, 853 66,577 39,379
West Indies..........-------+-++-- 271,325 467,039 887,130
UDA new ant goksusadeomees see 73,054 90, 163 56,005
Other islands. .....-.-------- ae 376, 876 831, is
: ee =. i ,
Pe ge eae e 658, 904 455,978 275, 868
Argentina. . Sf 100, 907 45,295 30, 826
pe PEN Ene - 77,790 155, 039 11, 225
7 316, 760 9, 33, 336
163, 447 165,756 200, 481
141,175 284, 374 254,971
615, 318 683, 498 691,779
61, 606 110, 568 41,742
sioya dials ietenetsoje| iain wim eisicioiis SiS 33,950
292
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Taste 3.—IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY KIND AND COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED: 1908, 1900, AND 1890.
IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
KIND OF PRODUCT AND COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED. 1908 1900 1890
Quantit Quantit Quantit:
Goats, Value. (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value.
MD Oba cx: cxercperccsit aicishs. vjaserata ciavdlsscicccnaiavarecieiciarinlavaterchatele ain ais farw pare tare le Ss ale ciatanetbiavaisiesisnarsins| ebvergieialates sieht $13,135,724 ||..........---- $8,230,121 |/.....-.......- $5,815, 284
15272104: |leeiaciesejercarcce 1,245, 542 880, 203
120, 032 1,199,079 115, 069 88, 648
120, 032 1,195, 922 114, 880 88, 648
Newiondiand ONG) Wabra@Or sé jajs,2sicecyaisdisingnasioasiece thisacctstnen > Seems | Saceaceinecaisaal ssonacien cies 15 189 We seseiecioe venison se vesievsewinscs
All other (except shellfish) ......... V652, 1322 scnye-ejeityeice mere 1,130, 473 791, 555
Canada..........--- 1,639,946 |].......-.--.-- 1, 126, 498 765, 787
All other countries 12,186) Ifnsnjeowetie ences. 3,975 25, 768
Cured or preserved 8,671,876 |/......-..--.-- 5,181, 275 3,710, 382
Anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or otherwise treated.......-.-...---- 2,219, 549 |/.............. 1, 483, 768 728,108
INOMWay sie samicciees cc guns erweedeoxeeeerdegieaveuics eviee aes siete TQ AM. [secretes seine 1 56, 247 114,415
PBYAnCe oiesccucseinesseexacss arecesessasseeeseeeee : TEL, 669 | ore ccvororcis srgisreceee 1,189, 125 625, 109
POPCUBE wics cicscianacais aimee Aust i Seat 7200! ||saoeeeeceanace 110, 20,060
Het seaside dis tess seid SS SisHe ie ok ats Risloinae eh Sea amASS eee 121,259 || 22ccc02-ssee% 29,059 7,007
PAID. eccc ed acaadune picks cite deGedimenemacesiisasiecie 665874: |) aioe armen 23363 | cs soceucseigs | seeeseeseandes
nited KAN dO og see ne ties oriewwniemies Suiveesee ee 62,994 |]....-....-226- 20, 469 35, 454
Bel Git aie, sa ciciixies aeecnaeadiooxoacasedeasaeeccses OL LDS: | rerarhacetowsanadors 51,965 11,953
Germany...-- DE OTB Wi scndcs dior vertsaie'ele , 909 5, 664
60,821 ffs cecccoescases 17,197 8, 446
870, 757 14, 395, 483 543,172 409, 388
679, 237 9, 885, 426 351, 564 , 362
93, 499 1,916, 167 82,676 76,710
86, 285 1 671,946 1 43,048 1 5, 552
9,022 43,525 Oped \lndwdcoemae easels vet teiiees Kewe
2,714 1,878, 419 63, 160 1,749, 490 36, 764
ing 2,479,273 36, 374, 217 1, 482, 568 31, 590, 573 1,021, 962
Dried or smoked. - 2,035, 135 67, 788 5, 130,813 127, 6, 502, 573 140, 144
Canada......- 1,090, 734 31,055 4,605, 133 107,800
Netherlands. . 799, 828 31,211 69, 1 , 661
United Kingdom. 75, 524 2,769 299, 322 12,043
Norway.......-- 51, 886 1,990 1 38,719 11,037
All other countries 17,163 763 118, 516 3,014
Pickled or'salted .22.0c0%0.esseeessuseeysedee scene oteieee oxeest yeeaedes 71, 128,774 2,411, 485 31, 243, 404 1,355, 013
Netherlands... .. 26,359,077 1,030, 863 12,191,397 674, 665
United Kingdom. 27,326, 546 1,006, 368 8,960, 272 375, 586
Norway.....-. 9, 359, 233 209, 826 1 5,352, 369 1199, 327
Sweden. 512, 440 12 G52 Whe. « sce jocoiss ess -e-sraisiarf a bisisbaieicecis erste
COMA A sie. oo ties ones ous amielerniacre leas 5,170, 344 105, 524 3,351, 547 57,416
Newfoundland and Labrador oe 1,904, 470 29, 309 43, 545 23,169
GerMahy @aisc22e0c80c oe ceee yeeeds so eseas eaysimtavardecd 413,990 14, 254 356, 888 21,491
All other countries 82, 674 2, 689 87, 386 3,359
Mackerel, pickled or salted ...........222. 2.202.022 eee eee cece eee eee eee 20, 956, 891 1, 439, 359 18, 546, 554 1, 276, 900
United Kingdom..... 608, 679 13, 530, 662 855,
488,195 12,273, 537 1 233, 943
$1822 Il eemsicrs va eden sates sezeess
209, 782 2,054, 621 140, 927
78, 192 676, 971 45, 805
1,756 1,400
1, 433 9,363 725
109,849 736, 658 54, 236
106, 629 404, 397 29, 608
3,003 331, 661 24, 587
217 41
All other (except shellfish) 1,553,089 ]]..........--.-
United Kingdom O94 578) readies eee
Canada.......--. 2045 695 We sicccuicexisiciovers
Norway... QUA ART NW enccaccjsjcie sscieeeis
Japan......- 162,310 ||.......-.-----
Germany... 138,857 ||| scaswasaeeescn
Wisc issuers 128, 625! ||aunascs siscacer
All other countries 219 384. essisiavssacs ints aromas
Lobster canted Of Uncanned os scscaieig sos sc cic se cce ais cic dlecureieles ciee simnaleain siers Sz nikiaiersi 8,212,945 1,401, 449 7,497, 227 931,219
ANAMS os sess vexcoeesk ss 8,063, 752 1,375,315 7, 328, 853 915,360
British South Africa... ... 136, 173 22,879 143,815 10,993
Newfoundland and Labrador. 5,310 , 504 17,419 3,431
ATP OGNEL COUMETIES . . 2scin.c.0.0 siciceysicinin acess sinieispaneine gina heicrm eiaisin es pews TAMER Alo M Seis 7,710 1,751 7,140 1,435
Shrimp and other shellfish (except lobsters) and turtles
ANAM ics cece es wa waist nes eeimines Fa Balen eine Sede nses
JAPA soos: acoratviae craciesiwie
West Indies...........--
HONgKONE pcx vsxsve<00%
MEXICO 4.3.0.8 sce cide Passes
Chinese Empire
All other countries
OUNS, fiSht..32cxscncues Seceu ncn ws be ooo ced ced ewie we Leislecieu sick daeiuceeenmuedaetiat
European Russia.........--
British India.............-.
All other countries
lNorway and Sweden.
2 Not reported separately.
TasBLe 3, SH IMPORTED: 1908, 1900, AND
1890—Continued.
IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
KIND OF PRODUCT AND COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED. 1908 1900 1890
Quantit Quantit: Quantit:
Wounds. Value. Goons, Value. (pounds). Values
Whale and fish oil........ 02.022 2 11,221,065 $408, 113 1 851,372 $273, 367 1 267,379 $85, 436
Newfoundland and Labrador. 573,019 154, 663 204, 213 48, 339 11, 578 2,730
NS — Bosak ec otcetacte a, 700 158, ais 2 265, at 2 133, 38 2 sa ; au 2 56,977
- 4 4
Canada so ---- 140, 555 35,243 349, 556 76,170 67, 847 12} 857
nited Kingdom..... 20, 823 11,411 2,434 1,121 4,293 1,602
oaueny core ee 9, 008 4,683 27, 529 13, ia 28, 07 8, ca
other countries 877 518 1,890 59 ,
WAlEb ONG soa icae rc cincnderoti ote ate sexe cere Seams Auaoniaiad eRe eas saecenee 9, 054 431633) |lsanaaacinate ciedy |atb velisisteinician 19,040 23,295
Asiatic Russia. .-. i
WGied BINGO OM. + nccaus wenn sanninurs soniemien reeMasin aaxannpindlsy YONGER aoe eViE ik
ING ese eto hen oer ete eh oe leet ne erent Fi on of gue Waals or cein 391, 208 536, 303 416,718
peritists West Indies. é 174, 961 293, 016 214, 883
ns peeepea aes 125,779 133, 033 26,741
United Kingdom.. 50,827 79, 466 115, 205
Greece...-.-...--- 26, 190 18,135 48,131
All other countries 13,451 , 653 11,758
Gallons. 2 Norway and Sweden. 3 Not reported.
TaBLe 4.—VALUE OF IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED: 1908, 1900, AND 1890.
COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED.
VALUE OF IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
i
1908 1900 1890
ATL GOUT UTIOS Ge wwe rere winepans ona s bine aakear a peealanteuns oe aeceeinibicig asieinetisled psa kere siesta ee BOD eGe tes Soeae $13, 135, 724 $8,230,121 $5,815, 284
BGRODOs ve SiGe sige sa ieee se eaien Goes cay paeeaeneemmayann seladeieceee dco used 7 bsoe deseo Pe Orel epee eA a se eee 7,126, 849 4,420, 482 2,157, 527
Uni RATS OT cos ches cs csc ved Sedpscad a si auctavaverdintnle pyavcislatares Gare poicla nines ote ges eee sieht we ot eaters lstecelele = pteteinvatehesdecmrorrne eae 2,170, 057 1, 400, 280 551, 423
ine Swede Eris eanctaniyeeeaa 2} 023) 286 "753. 838 287,359
Norway and Sweden . y
Netherlands: oie acsccesinc eres wes Roses SE Ba he dramteleindiends: 1,162,712 758, 678 479,388
788,711 1,196, 862 634, 587
346, 646 10, 434 20,060
253, 261 39, 939 12, 696
191, 207 70,914 103,079
satepnta 85, 737 2,690 57
Sdseekes 31, 587 56,144 13,854
countries .2 2222. 73, 645 30, 703 55, 024
North America'cicceciciie <cccce netiedcecige te dene dinbbs Smee eeeSe eo eee eeisiociss Se Sa amie m ies Heloise eee piere eee ne Fie Shseigueieree trie eels ti Se 5, 485, 447 3,720, 942 3, 567, 827
Abaiyaede eer nisi 4,797,133 3,000, 678 2,988, 288
igo esos ca Gee cee oad ate eae 342, 857 436, 486 256,059
West Indies .scccccc0s cpeuisisncicainecs teeta sels , ) ,
Newfoundland and Labrador .....--.----- Be 189,737 whi
MGXiICO: oc cise oo nscs evs eeiewes + eee cee a 7,805 5 3,
‘All other countries ...._... 2-22-2222 2-2-2 ece cece eee eee ce nee eect ener renee reer cee sess sneer eeese cress seer esses 3,720 70, 121 37,853
st r,s ccicgneese ae A Oe ee og OTS Se eta NG ac ss eae a arate ee cei adped ete een REE eee 483, 769 74, 907 66,110
soci pi i se a RREE RB aoe ee ee toe ri A 310, 011 7, 282 2,915
EDOM ee eae rad pe Pee enn Sens oe Gre enae cere) ene ee 63,912 21,181 9/618
Hongkong . - .- - i 56, 326 46,105 53, 498
Chinese Empire - - 53. 520 339 78
ATS Other COUmUries' sinsis: wie:cersce-saee trie eis See eisin SE BETS PES a ita Sass eines erties Piensa inn Siig ainleaesnin ins Se ARES ,
ce ee wn oe ae ister nc hevauestte esate cpnnccpneraediassievalty pout Spee cay day a cucen aces aes Choe eee Seen 24, 599 12 400! Site crcecnccdeecoroners
AINCA «0 o.tan3 asec scnnds nh} pees eee tes Heroes ero? z 14,783 1) 102 3
South America .......--------+--++sreeeerscecrtrerts i 277 208 357
Qveania ...-.-.-------- 22-2 center tt Tse lo ok Se PDE aN I CE Ca SAE ORHEEE SUA (Eevee teen el | oe mS 23, 460
Countries, islands, and ports not separately reported ..-.-
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A.—THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1908.
APPENDIX B.—SCHEDULES:
SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES.
VESSEL FISHERIES.
PACKING HOUSES AND CANNERIES.
APPENDIX C.—INSTRUCTIONS TO SPECIAL AGENTS.
(295)
APPENDIX A.
THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1908.
By Mitrarp C. Marsu, Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska, and Joun N. Coss, Assistant Agent.
SUMMARIZED STATISTICS.
As in the reports for previous years, the District of Alaska is con-
sidered in the four geographic sections generally recognized, as
follows: Southeast Alaska, embracing all that narrow strip of main-
land, and the numerous islands adjacent, from Portland Canal
northwestward to and including Yakutat Bay; central Alaska, the
region on the Pacific, or south side, from Yakutat Bay westward,
including the Aleutian chain; western Alaska, the shores of Bering
Sea, and islands in this sea; and arctic Alaska, from Bering Strait
to the Canadian border.
With the exception of arctic Alaska and a portion of western
Alaska, practically all of the fishing localities were visited by one or
the other of the agents. Statistics of the yield of fur seals from the
Pribilof Islands were obtained through the courtesy of the agent at
the fur seal islands, while figures for the other aquatic furs (except
the coast fur seals and sea otter) and skins, also the whalebone and
walrus ivory, were obtained from the customhouse records at
Juneau. Considerable commercial fishing is carried on in the
Yukon River and its tributaries, where fish wheels, nets, and spears
‘are employed, but unfortunately it has been found impossible
so far, owing to the short time available each season and the few
agents employed, to extend the inspection work over this large
region, or to secure data showing the extent of the fisheries there.
As in previous years, by far the greater part of the fishery prod-
ucts of Alaska are marketed outside the district, but a steadily in-
creasing local demand is noticeable, especially in the case of the
hitherto somewhat neglected minor species.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of Alaska in 1908
was 13,337, of whom 4,976 were engaged directly in fishing, 7,740
in the canneries, salteries, and at other shore work, and 621 employed
on the transporting vessels. This total is a gain of 585 over the
number employed in 1907. The fact that the fishermen act as
sailors on the transporting ships to and from the salmon canneries
and salteries explains the small number of transporters shown in
the table. Owing to the impossibility of the agents visiting arctic
Alaska in the limited open season, thus making it difficult to secure
accurate data, no attenpt has been made to show the number of
men employed and the investment in the fisheries of this region,
although certain of the products are shown in the proper table.
Persons engaged in the Alaska fisheries in 1908.
Southeast Central Western
OCCUPATION AND RACE. ‘Alaska. Alaska. ‘Alaska. Total.
Fishermen:
WICES 235 sccucinieiscdee toed 1,193 663 1,554 3, 410
Indians 1,298 103 138 1,539
Japanese 2 esietseemries | aloe neeeeend 27
Totalicccccsccceeaevecsccses 2,518 766 1, 692 4,976
Shoresmen:
i 519 307 1,003 1,829
886 165 430 1,481
765 393 860 2,018
435 374 1, 603 2, 412
2, 605 1, 239 3, 896 7,740
WIMCS yo socisa ie 62 eadnbreanctan 263 144 165 572
ANGIAMSeocencesicwieis os ah eoaganse 40 2 7 49
MOtal ccacceniecieeeeeeens 303 146 172 621
Grand total .ic0.s sc.cees seu 5, 426 2,151 5, 760 13, 337
INVESTMENT.
The total investment in the fisheries was $10,319,784, an increase
of $1,103,756 over 1907. The item of cash capital was eliminated in
the 1906 report, and this procedure has been followed ever since.
INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1908.
|
SOUTHEAST ALASKA. | CENTRAL ALASKA. | WESTERN ALASKA. | TOTAL.
. {
ITEM. Giaden ] | | i pate
Number.) Value. ‘|| Number. Value. | Number. Value. | Number. Value.
I 1 }
| |
Fishing vessels: | | 30 171, 8
Ss SR eee eae ee ee et ee ice ie (aay See
2 $3, 800 | 17 17, 600
LU] Beenie EP ues ecammtoe
27 239, 100 |! 160 1, 361, 850
1302) Varese aeretor | 65422 icc secxree as
13 326, 300 49 1,115, 600
TB BlO! fesse cncpesreecys DT 009: bats esieenareae
Boats 710 557,011
Oats... -.-e- erent sees
Apparatus, vessel fisheries: fg tg gag eee eee heec cece eee eeeee eee ee 2, 800
Purse seineS..---------- xsd 310
Haul seines. - -- sia s - 7,905
gg a a es is ie a 360
Gun aid DAarpoos.-..-.sccrceccsemsesccsscst Memaerincceomssentuseenveclssazeantee 200 |leeeeceteechenteseseoee= fe fee 8
1 Aggregate length of 2,400 yards.
2 Aggregate length of 300 yards.
298 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1908—Continued.
SOUTHEAST ALASKA. || CENTRAL ALASKA. WESTERN ALASKA. TOTAL.
ITEM. ——
Number.| Value. Number.| Value. Number.| Value. Number.|} Value.
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul Sines s 213 as2,2ls ecnnepss Soectesegse naueewass Sees cee yee 82 $21, 301 44 $18,115 1126 $39, 416
PUPS SINGS. 225 sn.caqan ae twacdaghis desmeosn hd euee rams enw sles eted os -encmnes 126 39, 464 7,150 2154 46,614
GUO tS ests yayseess cain pedis Saxe San cute wo esee wees Seeiodceueaegasecaiime 187 23,690 3143 102, 825
MAD INCU is pases as ca ececuctcie sks Sisissp tenes ssh cis Sy suararayese siashgeacvcasnstslelecs Snsiec mcaaele 18 14 32
TPT APs Stake <= 2p. siaazpese-gcsiaaisiciewaye!s Magstéscjajenlaystevsians ceaytewdevecieactaioocs ase ove Were 50 133,900 85 181,075
Draps, MOstiN eis 2. cero candace catenins Stadahas See oO Nae Sen oOIeaeS 15 20, 100 16 21, 600
WHOIS occ sicissseonns ae dere eee teves 1,000 1 1,000
Crab pots 9 é a 6
Spears..... 4 Sséee sire aniee| vests 10 7
Lines 5,848 erTec ten oreell eine wag eestrate| |e mn ere eee 8,718
Hoes... ... 9 Gl scotia kek lee Aen eter 17 12
Shore and acce: 2, 560, 547 2,842,073 |].......--- 6, 682, 961
FLO GAM es peers ciecS ibe le ei Nal ht a area ara Rear d ia eed Neer aie 3, 740, 128 4,577, 400 |/.......--- 10,319, 784
1 Aggregate length of 60,452 yards. 2 Aggregate length of 66,150 yards. 3 Aggregate length of 265,056 yards.
PRODUCTS. of the report. Flounders, pollock, rock cod, whitefish, whale meat,
and seaweed appear in the table for the first time this year. Whale-
The total quantity of products was 217,813,415 pounds, valued at | bone and walrus ivory are the only products reported from arctic
$11,847,443, a gain of 39,455,114 pounds and $1,687,260 over 1907. | Alaska. As has been stated, it was found an impossibility to secure
Except for fertilizer, oil, furs, and hides, the weights are round | even approximate data as to the persons engaged or the investment
weights, or the weight of products when first taken from the water; | in the hunting of aquatic animals (except sea otter and fur seals),
the prepared products weights are shown in the subsidiary tables | which is general among the natives.
PRODUCTS OF ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1908.
if
| SOUTHEAST ALASKA. | CENTRAL ALASKA. WESTERN ALASKA. ARCTIC ALASKA. TOTAL.
PRopuUcT ;
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
Black cod: | :
Wrest: 2 cscs wa waw tevin saree eadacionge ' 21, 082 840 ||... ee eee satiedonaces 21,082
Dalted cess cicecewess. cea teiscuttasssecicicenrs 20, 250 ABO Fle Sorcerers aielalese| sysierparcvmnvacle 20, 250 489
Cod: i
PPCSNi i.o5 sat cacassencenedeemenecscdece 12,000 600 dccasecceteas 2. Geiger 12,000
Salted... 5, 358, 399 $131,953 5, 369, 066 132, 178
Smoked. 200 7 200
Tongues, salted. 21,800 1,962 22,100 1,990
Eulachon:
Fresh. 2,820 2,820 113
Salted... 27,000 27,000 700
Smoked 200 200 10
Flounders, or sole 7, 500 7, 500 |. 225
Halibut:
4, 559, 427 4, 589, 427 145, 619
58, 360 958, 360 25, 194
144,219 144,219 4,929
753, 750 763,750 5,320
1,311, 200 1,333, 600 18,330
ce tete eee e eee , 700 108
11, 400 17,900 895
7,650 7,650 230
17, 500 29, 500 1,355,
600 600 36
Coho, or silver.............--.-.-.- 18,000
Humpback, or pink. ae, 8, 000
King, or spring.... Bie 798, 289
Red, or sockeye.........-.-----.-- 42, 500
Frozen--
Coho, or silver................2..-- 33, 887
Dog, or chum... 110, 737
King, or spring... aa 5,245
Red, or sockeye........-..-.------ 19,345
Canned—
Coho, or silver..........-...-.----- 3, 420, 093
Dog, or chum... 12,614, 280
Humpback, or p 41, 484,660 | 1,589, 412 2, 146,270 ;
King, or spring.. : 174,265 10, 356 449, 120 27,040 1, 037, 680
Red, or sockeye..........-----+--- 13, 122,025 874, 475 26,397,490 | 1,720,857 76, 104,770
Mild-cured—
King, or spring...........-...----- 1,290, 300 62, 451 299, 400 15, 360 77,811
Pickled—
Coho, or silver............2------+- 159, 840 4,898 27,000 750 5, 648
Dog, orchum....... hed 32,940 FA Gal Reeereeseattie tera irenteremereresr ener 707
Humpback, or pink. 608, 310 VGA TD Il adsstosssiced deere beac ane alee Sow 17,935
King, or spring........ see ES SSae ae -sfeitl| Hoe ewer 1,620 480 6,813
Red. or sockeye.........---------- 38, 880 1,389 653, 400 19, 480 262,274
Dry-salted—
Dog, orchum..............----.-- 27,733 AIG) ecocteiss x tse | aatsben gts woel| | aaeb edt teen Ml | uanek eto) tea tas Sale 27,733 416
Red, or sockeye 28, 500 285 28, 500 285
Smoked—
Coho, or silver...........-.+------- 12,000 1,000
Dog, orchum....-.-.--- : sel oecs seca 100 12
Red, or sockeye 36, 000 3,000
PRODUCTS OF ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1908—Continued.
SOUTHEAST ALASKA. CENTRAL ALASKA. WESTERN ALASKA. ARCTIC ALASKA, | TOTAL.
PRODUCT.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds.}| Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Balen ee salted:
oho, or Silver............-...2--222--- 36, 100
Dog, or chum. sigeile a 111) 150 eT $3, pe
eae pie 2, 260, 325 2,208, 325 28,140
SE ee eee 5 720
ie wide hs (1 a
amet STON CCL ET CEoe RET IE RTE RTT area Teeter 1,504 1,504 66
Dolly Varden—
Fresh 52, 200 1,990
8,000 180
8,000 480
2,900 116
30, 681 =
1, 496, 000 24, 000
374, 000 000
Si 1, 066, 400 1, 086, 400 16, 126
PSE pons oncanciunnecianeaa eemnds 819, 000 1819, 000 21,600
Salmon... 204, 750 2204, 750 5, 400
ae aad i, rs Sal 31,232, 850 49,036
Ledics s 00 48,000 350
Crabs......-..-.--. Jutihabtadebeenccdat ad 9,000 8 26, 400 2,775
Aquatic furs and skins:
BeaVer an occmsc ackciwc cake cteeemsccis 743 3,730 285 Dy, BOD | |e sare teenacelllis ccrsisercirerm 6 1,280 6, 461
ae abibiave gravckarwiaweidiciajatetstevarsisisraseretctengiaey 67 119 3,644 (BSS. llawsewiexecs|s wows ecstec 73,964 6,257
er—
LANG: vaccine ovecens o tuesces aren 1,495 5,411 200 B67 || ncdveeeetelepereaeren 83,332 12, 060
5 ii ccbdesiceee ue etetamasseuward aso Pepe eel leeeenicedicmse 15 TOO Wiecicitcicineial sce 9160 7,050
eal—
BUR ceaeadsadincesieteieextcccdan 1,992 8,350 89,784 448,920 ||.......-.-).--22-25-- 10 92, 580 459,950
Hair... 4,620 945 14, 796 AOD "|| estas el we dea catesepne 1119, 416 , 350
Walrus ivory. 3 Hiss sce canvas lena oetonss|psesteegueesc|caeatmosesas 13, 742 $9,390 13, 745 9, 393
Whale meat (t: 1,000 85 Wscsinewicsawias cals tus reeewecs leeeatererecnu| socewraatallStecssomats leeeeeenead 1,000 35
Ms ae yore 10, 209 Dy QSG> [Phenaie cisieeiceiwieisia nine ainatiewds ab aieseeeesa de recesmiss cs = 53,431 | 200, 502 63, ten 202, zt
eaweed.......-.--.----- 810 DOS: Wie ced eecascceovs btaecualltcjsie cis ansiaie were Ieee eaahetee sie eae ewtelaewie al Mra secmemic's erences 20:
NOtal a. -.:ccceeeees esc emeeeeaes 89,635,468 | 3,636,642 38,289,750 | 2,105,741 89,821,024 | 5,895,168 | 67,173 | 209,892 217,813,415 | 11,847, 443
|
1 Represents 109,200 gallons. 5 Represents 8,800 crabs. 9 Represents 32 skins.
2 Represents 27,300 gallons.
8 Represents 164,380 gallons.
4 Represents 850 bushels.
6 Represents 1,280 skins.
1 Represents 31,712 skins.
8 Represents 1,333 skins.
10 Represents 15,430 skins.
11 Represents 6,472 skins.
APPENDIX B.
SCHEDULES.
SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES.
[Albshore and boat fisheries must be reported on thisschedule. Ifpackin:
houses or canneries are operated under the same ownership, a report shoul
also be madeon Schedule EE3—249. Vessel fisheries should not be*included
in this report but should be reported on Schedule EE2—248.}
Name of company or individual operating the fishery................-.------------
Post office (give city, street, and number)..........-...---- 2-222 - eee eee eee eee eee ee
Location
(Give name or description of water upon which fishing operations are conducted. )
Wasuineton, D. C., January 4, 1909.
The act of Congress of June 7, 1906, authorizes the Director of the Census, in coop-
eration with the Bureau of Fisheries, to take a census of the fishing industry.
The information returned on this schedule should cover the business year most
nearly conforming to the year ending December 31,1908. All questions that require
a fixed time, such as cash on hand and values of property, should be of the date of
the beginning of the year covered by the report.
Allanswers will be held absolutely confidential. No publication will be made in the
Census reports disclosing the operations of individuals or companies in any par-
ticular, and the information will be used only for the statistical purposes for which it
was given.
The canvass will be made under the supervision of Mr. W. M. Steuart, chief
statistician for manufactures.
8. N. D. Norra,
Director of the Census.
Extract from act of Congress, March 3, 1899:
SECTION 22.,— * * * “And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent,
or other officer ofevery corporation, and every establishment of productive industry,
whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private
individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical
interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall, if thereto
requested by the Director supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect
or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized by this act,
or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon
conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding ten thousand dollars, to which may
be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year.””
CERTIFICATE.
This is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete and
correctto the best of my knowledge and belief,and covers the period from........-. »
190. si FOLees pees , 190....
(Signature of the person furnishing the
information. )
(Signature of special agent.)
Each question should be answered; ifany inquiry is not applicable and no answer
can be made, write the word ‘‘ None.”
1. CAPITAL INVESTED—OWNED AND BORROWED: The answer must
show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items of
fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If
land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and thevaluegiven. The
value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts,
materials, products, and cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the beginning
of the business year reported.
ITEM. og Value. ITEM. van Value.
Motor boats... Cunner nets, cunmer |....... Besse:
Sailboats..........-..--- traps, snap nets.......|....---|-.-----
ROW DOO tS sean coe eyes ec sinetes| nace ss Di PMOts ays pen ce isssticicreieisis| omstiialeeeerts $
COW Seniesa cere fede erence ne Dredges, tongs, rakes,
Abalone outfits..........|..-.---|------+- forks, nippers, scrapes,
Bag nets wer vececienns aes}eesiceet| acme grabs, shovels.........
Beam trawls, ottertrawls|.......).....--- Eel pots and traps
Bow nets..........-.---- Firearms, guns, rifles,
Cast nets........- DOMD BUNS je:4/10 csseeee|emeeeics peice ees
Crawfish pots Fyke nets, hoop nets_...|.......|-...-.-
(300)
ITEM. eg Value. ITEM. Sg Value.
Gill nets, drift nets, set Wheels and slides.......|.-.--.- Beasts
nets, stake nets.......-|...-..- Brsisveees || iseiste tems tbc enctelesie sivas el Sisieicieen [epost
Harpoons, spears, eel gigs |..-....|--------|| ----- 2-2-2222 e eee eee eee
Haul and other seines. ... wisiaein :
Lines—hand, trawl, and Land, buildings, machinery,
SClaietcetecnseenatates Reate se eoemntee tools, implements, and all
Lobster potsand traps.-.|....-..|.------- fixed capital for which sepa-
rate values are not given......|.......
Cash, bills receivable, unsettled
ledger accounts, materials on
Otter and muskrat traps |....-..].-------
Paranzella nets........-.|..-..-.|--------
WI Sadaccecieskawads s|ancecd alee see eee hand, and sundries not re-
TROCE NCS 5, Aadeingeldin ce adasinse lee sence ported above......--..--4--.-|-------
Shrimp netSs-.eseccneees|secteeslerscesex a
Spongeapparatus, hooks, Ota awa vcetenecnas enema Sica
water glasses, and div- (If more than one blank is
ingequipment.........|..-.-.. -.------|| filled out for the same individ-
Stop nets........ ual or company, the last two
Trammel nets items may be reported on one
Purtlemetsisocccncs nx eawies| vere vee le emcee blank.)
2. PROPRIETORS, FIRM MEMBERS, £ND INDEPENDENT FISHER-
MEN: Number ..........
If any of the proprietors or firm members reported above
were not personally engaged in fishing, give the number; Number..........
not so engaged:
3. SALARIED EMPLOYEES: Number........... Amount paid in salaries,
(Salaried officers, mamagers, clerks, etc.)
Total amount
paid in wages
during year.
4. WAGE-EARNERS (not including employees
reported above). Number.
WiShGPMeN.o.:,-c,Jscndindonsscie cadets esrarrjoeocusels ote libmoorsages Somtatcedactatte
Shoresmen (not including employees of packing
HOUSES): ccsansercicenedes vedemeds seeeeemateeta deems faves seweeec|smmencrcccemsieas
Estimated cost of provisions supplied to employees
(not to: beincluded.in: Wages) a< seis seas cerevosedsalencowwenewarllagueeuxcegeib se
5. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF YEAR’S CATCH: Report all fishery prod-
ucts, including eanaue mammals, reptiles, shellfish, sponges, etc., taken during
the year. Give the name and total quantity and value of each species caught
by each kind of apparatus. If the “pounds” is not known and can not be
eotimated, give the ‘‘bushels” or ‘‘number”’ and state what unit of measure
is used.
KIND OF APPARATUS USED. (SPECIFY.)
Value. |Pounds.| Value. |\Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value.
PRODUCTS.
APPENDIX.
VESSEL FISHERIES.
{All vessel fisheries must be reported on this schedule. If packin:
houses or canneries are operated under the same ownership, a report shoul:
also be made on Schedule EE3-249. Shore and boat fisheries should not be
included in this report, but should be reported on Schedule EE1~247.]
Name of company or individual for whom this report is made
Post office (give city, street, and number).................00.0.cccceeeceeeceeeeeee
COU My oii rs centers ademnd tees ackrsde ee BNE ad widdusueetsasunanamannctnans
Name of vessel...........-.0-00.cccce eee eeee Net COND ABC i vidi eesecrre sed ccmeeied s
TINE BOT is ciss sinks cocennceuaaewnene Pishing poth.... 202 ccevenesussxessanas yan
WASHINGTON, D.C., January 4, 1909.
The act of Congress of June 7, 1906, authorizes the Director of the Census, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries, to take a census of the fishing industry
The information returned on this schedule should cover the business year
most nearly conforming to the year ending December 31, 1908. All questions that
Tequire a fixed time, such as cash on hand and values of property, should be of the
date of the beginning of the year covered by the report.
All answers will be held absolutely confidential. No publication will be made
in the Census reports disclosing the operations of individuals or companies in any
particular, and the information will be used only for the statistical purposes for which
it was given.
The canvass will be made under the supervision of Mr. W. M. Steuart, chief
statistician for manufactures.
8. N. D. Nortu,
Director of the Census.
Extract from act of Congress, March 3, 1899:
SECTION 22.— * * * ‘And every president, treasurer, secretary, director,
agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every establishment of productive
industry, whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or
by private individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or
statistical interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall,
if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, will-
fully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized
by this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding ten thousand dollars, to
which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year.”
CERTIFICATE.
This is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete and
correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and covers the period from
(Signature of special agent.)
POSTE GAS (Signature of the person
furnishing the information.)
Each question should be answered;
can be made, write the word ‘‘ None.
1. CAPITAL INVESTED—OWNED AND BORROWED: The answer must
show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items of
fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land
or buildings are rented, or vessels are chartered, that fact should be stated and
the value given. The value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, un-
settled ledger accounts, materials, products, and cash on hand, etc., should be
given as of the beginning of the business year reported.
if any inquiry is not applicable and no answer
i
ITEM. a Value. ITEM. ge Value.
pasar ormotor!}......- Sicucel Purse seines.........----|--.---- : Bee
vessels |Sail.............|.-..---]------- Sponge apparatus, hooks,
_._{Steam or‘ water glasses, and div-
cara Sens motor 1..}.....--|.-.---- ing equipment........|.-..---]-------
‘ewes Sail ss cciece| sesines saves Trammel nets
Boats carried on vessels. .|......-|--.---- Trap Mets ceceeasseniess
Outfit (provisions, fuel, | =| sf we eee eee eee eee eter eres
salt, ice, bait).......... EK ss cll aoeeeesesretioeessenaie
Beam trawls, otter trawls|.......[.....--]] ------0+ 222 e ee ee eee eee efor err e[ocereee
Dredges, tongs, hoes,| | _ |l --------2+e-2-eeeeeecesecfer eres efeeeeeee
takes, forks, nippers, Land, buildings, machinery,
scrapes, grabs, shovels.|...--.-|------- tools, implements, and all
Eel pots and traps....--|--+----|------- fixed capital, for which sepa-
Firearms, guns, rifles, rate values are not given.......)...----
HomMb CUD. 21 c20ceccen|neaesselyeneeas Cash, bills receivable, unsettled
Fyke nets, hoop nets....|...----|--+--+- ledger accounts, materials on
Gill nets, drift nets, set band, and sundries not re-
nets, stake nets ported above
Harpoons, spears Totalexsensieeviecsvaceues
Haul and other seines.../.......|...---- (Ifmore than one blankis filled
Lines—hand, trawl, and out for the same individual or
SCb,. ...n2der eset teens sien|semetsles enacts company, the last two items may
Lobster pots and traps. .|.....-.)......- be reported on one blank.)
Paranzella nets...-..--+-|--+----)--2++--
1 Mark ‘“‘ Aux.” if equipped with both sail and mechanical motive power.
301
2. PROPRIETORS, FIRM MEMBERS, AND INDEPENDENT FISHER-
MEN: Number
If any of the proprietors or firm members reported above
were not personally engaged in fishing, give the number
not so engaged:
3. SALARIED EMPLOYEES: Number
(Salaried officers, managers, clerks, etc.)
| umber
Amount paid in salaries,
Total amount
paid in wages
during year.
4. WAGE-EARNERS (not including employees
reported above). Number.
Y essel ere weass sieeece cee caecexdigexeebesteiade meen
Shoresmen (not including employees of packing houses))............
Estimated cost of provisions supplied to employees (not to be in-
cluded in wages)
5. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF YEAR’SCATCH: Report all fishery products,
including aquatic mammals, reptiles, shellfish, sponges, etc., taken during the
year. Give the name and total quantity and value of each species caught b
each kind of ae Ifthe “ pounds” is not known and can not be estimated,
give the ‘‘bushels”’ or ‘‘number”’ and state what unit of measure is used.
KIND OF APPARATUS USED. (SPECIFY.)
PRODUCTS.
Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value.
PACKING HOUSES AND CANNERIES.
fEstablishments engaged in the canning and preserving of fish and in the
manufacture of fertilizer, oils, etc., from same must be reported on this
schedule. If fishing operations are conducted under the same ownership,
a report must also be made on the schedules provided for this purpose.
Vessel fisheries must be reported on Schedule EE2—248 and shore or boat
fisheries on Schedule EE1—247.]
Name of company or individual operating the establishment.....................-
PUR Cis cioeredteicenchsaune eoeadens COUDLY Saneareeeiserceanemarsesee
Location: { City or village ...............2..2.. Streetiand Noesesssecceescteneees
Post office
General office at
(Establishments operated under the same ownership and located in different states
must be reported separately.)
WASHINGTON, D. C., January 4, 1909.
The act of Congress of June 7, 1906, authorizes the Director of the Census, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries, to take a census of the fishing industry.
The information returned on this schedule should cover the business year most
nearly conforming to the year ending December 31, 1908. All questions that require
a fixed time, such as cash on hand and values of property, should be of the date
of the beginning of the year covered by the report.
All answers will be held absolutely confidential. No publication will be made in
the census reports disclosing the operations of individuals or companies in any
particular, and the information will be used only for the statistical purposes for which
it was given.
The canvass will be made under the supervision of Mr. W. M. Steuart, chief
statistician for manufactures.
S. N. D. Nort,
Director of the Census.
Extract from act of Congress, March 3, 1899:
SECTION 22.— * * * “And every president, treasurer, secretary, director,
agent, or other officer of every corporation, and ovely. establishment of productive
industry, whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or
by private individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or
statistical interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall,
if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent,
willfully neglect or refuse to pie true and complete answers to any inquiries
authorized by this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of
a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding ten thou-
sand dollars, to which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding
one year.’
302
CERTIFICATE.
This is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete
and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and covers the period from
, during which period the plant was in active
(Signature of special agent.) (Signature of the person furnishing the information.)
Each question should be answered; if any inquiry is not applicable and no answer
can be made, write the word ‘‘None.””
1. CAPITAL INVESTED, OWNED, AND BORROWED: The answer must
show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items
of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If
land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and the value given.
The value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts,
materials, products, and cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the beginning
of the business year reported.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
To obtain the average number employed during the year, take the average number
employed each month, add, and divide by 12. Salaries and wages should in-
clude board or rent furnished as part compensation. Foremen receiving wages and
performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge are to be
reported as wage-earners. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid
to men, women, and children, apportion the total wages for the year upon the basis
of an average pay roll.
Quantity
5. FRESH FISH RECEIVED AT PLANT. (pounds).
Caught by employees of company............2.-2- 222-2 e eee eee eee eee
Purchased from other fishermen
6. PRODUCTS OF PACKING HOUSE OR CANNERY.
Buildings, wharves, machinery, tools, and implements...............-
Cash on hand, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw mate-
tials, stock in process, and finished products on hand, and other sun-
2. PROPRIETORS AND FIRM MEMBERS: Number..........
3. SALARIED EMPLOYEES: Number......-.
Amount paid in salaries, $......
(Salaried officers, managers, clerks, etc.)
Greatest Least
4. WAGE-EARNERS, _IN-| Average | number | number |{ ,70tl,
CLUDING PIECE-j| number | employed | employed aid in
WORKERS: Do not in- | employed at any at any Le aR
clude et employees a ae time ed time antag
reported above. the year. uring uring
the year. | the year. the year.
Men 16 years and over....
Women 16 years and over....-.-
Children ‘under 06. ¥earss.2<s sese|s2seuerucevs |eocanes vegea|onsetecuaeee
re. = aoe
ment (whether :
einen ronsre cus aia tity | Value at
PRODUCTS. canned, packed, | Qua
smoked, salted; (pounds).1| plant.
ete.
SMaPee Se ewDe das aevaa meee aeeee Rede a SOC OmmeR ASE See eet lcaseisemeneee ; Pen
Pishisold.ireshi. iicesssncies sc cawtrsophseeessaniccioss avast
By-products (givename and separate quantity and value of
finished by-products) ..........2...----0---e eee e ee een eens
1 If the quantity is not given in pounds, state specifically the unit of measure used.
If number of cans is reported, give size of cans, for example, ‘‘half-pound,” ‘‘one-
pound,” or ‘‘two-pound,” and if more than one size is used, state number of cans of
each size. Ifnumber of cases is reported, give number and size of cans in case.
FROMMATEESS ooo csc'g.t5siseccidncievess. 305 she Sraueteeseieicieesgjote bixvoiasesebidre puayeintave nibsesioie sisvelerselaiadaaan Gieihie
APPENDIX C.
INSTRUCTIONS TO SPECIAL AGENTS.
GENERAL.
In conformity with the act of Congress of June 7, 1906, the census
of the fishing industry is to be made by the Director of the Census
in cooperation with the Commissioner of Fisheries. The object of
this cooperation is to avoid a duplicate canvass and insure uniform-
ity and agreement in the reports of the two bureaus. To secure
such a result and to minimize the work of correspondence, correc-
tion, and revision, the utmost pains must be taken to obtain correct
information for all branches of the investigation.
The census is to be made under the immediate supervision of the
chief statistician for manufactures, and all employees engaged in
field work must follow the instructions of that official.
Industries and period covered.—The census must cover, in addition
to all varieties of seafood and fish products, shellfish, whales, seals,
turtles, crabs, shrimp, alligators, and sponges. It will include also
the pearl mussel fisheries of the rivers of the country. All com-
mercial fisheries, vessels engaged in fishing, and vessels engaged
in transporting fish from the fishing grounds, which operate from the
ports of the continental United States, Alaska, or Porto Rico, must
be reported. Vessels engaged in fishing or transporting fish for a
portion of the year and in other work for the remainder of the 12
months must be reported, and in such cases the report must cover
the operations of the entire year. Vessels engaged in transporting
fish from port to port as regular freight must not be reported. The
census also covers the operations of establishments engaged in
canning or preserving fish or in the manufacture of fertilizer, oil,
etc., from sea products. é
Dealers in fish products, either wholesale or retail, who are not
also engaged in catching or in canning or preserving fish, should not
be reported. It is difficult in many instances to separate the statis-
tics for the mercantile portion of the industry, but the following
rules should be applied whenever practicable:
1. When dealers in fish or fish products are also engaged in can-
ning or preserving fish or in catching fish, no attempt should be
made to separate these statistics—the entire establishment should be
included in the census report, except as provided in Rule 2.
2. If an establishment is engaged primarily in the purchase and
sale of fish or fish products and incidentally in catching fish or in
canning and preserving the same, the statistics for the mercantile
portion should be segregated and the census report relate exclusively
to the fishing or canning and preserving branch of the establishment.
* 8. In cases where the purchase and sale of fish or fish products
is combined with the canning or preserving of fish or with catching
fish, and a combined report is made, as indicated in Rule 1, the re-
port must show separately the quantity received and the quantity
and value of products disposed of in connection with the wholesale
or retail branch of the establishment.
4. The freezing of fish or the shucking of oysters when done by
merchants is considered asa portion of the mercantile business and
should not be reported. If the same establishments are engaged in
the catching of fish or the canning and preserving of the same, the
statistics for the entire establishment should be included, as indi-
cated in Rule 1.
For census purposes the term ‘“‘commercial fishery ” includes all
fishing operations conducted for profit—i. e., for the sale of the catch,
but it does not include the operations of individuals, clubs, etc.,
catching fish for their own consumption or for sport.
The census reports must cover the year ending December 31,
1908, or the fishing season which most nearly conforms to this calen-
dar year. The fishing season covers different periods in different
sections of the country and the reports must be prepared to meet
local conditions. The period covered by each report must be given
on the title-page of the schedule.
Daily reports and correspondence.—The canvass will be made by
the regular employees of the Census Office and the employees of
the Bureau of Fisheries detailed for this purpose. Each employee
detailed for field work must make a report on a form provided for
this purpose for every day on which he is actually employed. At
the close of each day the daily report must be forwarded by regis-
tered mail in the return penalty envelope addressed to the Director
of the Census.
Day’s work.—The relative efficiency of each employee engaged
in field work will be determined by the number and completeness
of the schedules secured, and each daily report must account for
the work of the day. Inquiries concerning schedules or further in-
structions must be made by letter and not on the daily report forms,
Employees must give sufficient notice of the date they will complete
the district to which they are assigned, so that, if necessary, they
may be assigned to other territory without loss of time.
Schedules.—Fishing and the allied industry of packing and can-
ning will be reported on the following schedules:
Schedule EE1-247.—To be used in reporting shore or boat fish-
eries. If shore or boat fisheries are conducted in connection with
vessel fisheries or with canneries or packing houses, reports should
also be made on schedules EE2-248 and EE3-249. Ifit is necessary
to make the report on two or more schedules, care should be taken
that no amounts are duplicated. The vast majority of the reporte
will be prepared on schedules EE1-247 and EE2-248.
Schedule EE2-248.—To be used in reporting fisheries conducted
with vessels which have been documented. As indicated by the
schedule, it was designed for the purpose of securing a separate re-
port for each vessel. If several vessels are operated under the same
ownership and it is impracticable to obtain a separate report for
each, a consolidated report may be made on one blank covering the
catch of all the craft, provided they operate from the same fishing
port. In preparing consolidated reports of the catch of two or more
vessels, a separate schedule must be prepared for each vessel and
answers made to the first fourinquiries. Theentire catch may then
be reported under inquiry 5 of any one of the schedules for fishing
vessels. Inquiry 5 of the remaining fishing vessels should be
answered by referring to the schedule on which the catch is reported.
Schedule EE3-249.—To be used in reporting packing houses,
canneries, and fish curing establishments. Reports must not be
made for wholesale or retail dealers in fish unless such dealers are
also engaged in fishing. The packing of fresh fish in ice, freezing
fish, shucking oysters, or picking crab meat must not be reported
when done by dealers, but when these industries are carried on by
fishermen, statistics for them must be included in the reports, as
indicated above.
In cases where oyster fishermen shuck the oysters before selling
them, the agent must report separately under ‘‘Remarks” the
number and wages of the employees engaged exclusively in shuck-
ing. They must also report, by estimate, if necessary, both the
| value of the oysters in the shell and their value after being shucked.
(303)
804
The three schedules are prepared for the purpose of collecting
statistics which will enable the office to make a separate presenta-
tion of data for shore fisheries, for vessel fisheries, and canning or
packing establishments, respectively, the totals for each branch of
the industry to be presented by states. Therefore it is important
that separate reports be prepared; if, however, two or more branches
are conducted under the same ownership and it is impossible to
secure separate reports, a consolidated report may be prepared, but
in such cases a full description of the conditions must be given
under ‘‘ Remarks” on the last page of the schedule and percentages
furnished which will enable the office to make the separation if
necessary. Great care must be taken to avoid duplication of sta-
tistics in the preparation of the separate reports.
Districts and lists —The entire country has been divided into
districts and one or more special agents will be assigned to each dis-
trict. Before starting the canvass each agent must know the extent
of his district, and must not visit points outside his district without
specific directions to do so. ach agent will be held accountable for
a thorough and rapid canvass of the district to which he has been assigned.
To assist in locating the fisheries, vessels, and establishments to be
canvassed, each agent will be furnished with—
. List of localities where fishing is conducted.
. List of vessels.
. Index card for each vessel.
. List of canneries, etc.
. Index card for each cannery.
The number at the top of the index card must be written in the
upper right-hand corner of the schedule and the card must accom-
pany the schedule when it is sent to the office. When an establish-
ment is to be omitted or a cross reference is to be made, the card
with an explanatory note on it should be sent to the office with the
daily report. The index numbers of all cards accompanying the
daily report should be given in the left-hand margin of the daily
report. The list of fishing vessels includes the name and address
of the owner in each case, and the agent will find that these addresses
include many localities not included in the list of localities. It is
expected that the agent will be able to secure the reports for most
of the vessels at the fishing grounds or fishing ports, and will there-
fore confine himself to his list of localities until he has secured as
many of the reports as possible, after which the owners of the remain-
ing vessels should be visited. This is a general rule and may be
waived by the agent if he finds he can conduct the canvass more
economically and advantageously otherwise. He should, of course,
secure reports from all fishermen in or surrounding a given locality,
so as to avoid revisiting the same neighborhood. The lists are not
complete and must not be accepted as representing all of the localities
nor all of the interests to be enumerated. As the lists were obtained
from records that are several years old, the accuracy of the canvass
will depend to a very large degree on the diligence of the agents,
and they should constantly be on the alert to discover other points
at which fishing is conducted and other establishments engaged in
the fishing industry. Every name on the agent’s list, however,
must be accounted for; if a vessel or establishment has changed
ownership or gone out of existence, the name and a memorandum
of the facts must be given on the agent’s daily report.
Each agent will be furnished with a statement of the order in
which he will be expected to visit the different points in his district.
This order should be followed unless the agent finds that railroad
connections and local conditions make «a change advisable. In
such a case the character and necessity of the change must be stated
on the agent’s daily report.
Method of canvassing.—It is recognized that the fishing industry
differs from all other industries covered by the census, in that it is
not conducted during the entire year, and that there are many
small unimportant operators. While it is essential that a thorough
canvass be made of the industry, the special agent must exercise
discretion in securing reports of the operations of the small fisher-
men and those who are absent at the time of the visit.
On entering a locality where shore fishing is conducted, the agent
should first obtain from the principal fishermen and fish dealers a
ar wWN
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
complete list of the fishermen in that vicinity? A rapid canvass
should then be made of, and reports obtained from, the fishermen
in the immediate vicinity. As these reports are obtained, inquiries
should be made regarding fishermen who are absent or who are not
easily accessible, and partial reports prepared for them. These
partial reports should be corrected if better information is afterwards
obtained from dealers or other fishermen. When reports for prac-
tically all of the fishermen have been prepared, the agent, instead
of making visits to unimportant points in the neighborhood or wait-
‘ing for other fishermen to return, should complete the canvass of the
locality by the use of the estimates he has obtained. The operations
of a group of fishermen may be included in one schedule if an accu-
rate estimate of the entire catch can be obtained. The estimated
reports should, if possible, be the result of interviews with more
than one person, so as to avoid the possibility of exaggerated state-
ments, and should contain under ‘‘Remarks” a statement of the
conditions under which they were obtained. _
In cases where reports are prepared in the manner suggested
in the preceding paragraph the agent will probably find it neces-
sary to retain all or some of the schedules for a locality until he
leaves the vicinity, so that if better information shall be obtained
after the report has been wholly or partially prepared he can sub-
stitute it, and so that he can avoid duplication in the reports. If
the schedules are thus retained to be sent in later, a memorandum
should be made on each schedule showing the date of the daily
report on which it was reported.
In visiting a locality the agent should not ask ‘‘Zs there any
commercial fishing here?’’ but he should ask ‘‘ Was there any fishing
here during 1908?’’ There are localities where fishing is carried
on at certain seasons only, and at the time the agent calls there
may be no one fishing. Cases will be found where shore fishermen
live in one state and fish in the waters of another state. For
example, shore fishermen living in New Jersey may go into Vir-
ginia waters at a certain season to fish. In such cases the fishing
must be reported by both the agent in Virginia and the agent in
New Jersey. When the report covers operations in different states,
full explanation must be made under ‘‘Remarks” on the last
page of the schedule. This explanation must give the names or
description of the different localities in which the fishing covered
by the schedule was carried on and the quantity of the catch in
each locality.
In preparing reports for a number of fishermen operating out
of the same port, care must be taken to avoid duplication. Each
schedule must be complete and distinct, so that a uniform tabula-
tion can be made in the office.
It is especially difficult to obtain statistics for fishing vessels
that are absent from the home ports for considerable periods.
For this reason it will generally be advisable to obtain reports for
the fishing vessels of a locality first, and while the shore fisheries
and establishments are being enumerated other vessels may come
in. There are comparatively few ports from which such vessels
operate, and the special agents must resort to every possible means
to obtain information concerning them. :
If an agent finds that the canvass of a district to which he has
been assigned can not be finished because vessels operating from
points in it are out at the fishing grounds, he should not remain
indefinitely in the district, but must advise the office of the
probable number and size of the vessels from which he has not
been able to obtain reports, and await instructions. However, if
he is satisfied from inquiry that the vessels are comparatively
unimportant, he should obtain all available information concerning
them, prepare for each a partial report containing the name and
address of the owner, the name, net tonnage, and value of the vessel,
and general information concerning the character and extent of
the catch, and forward same to the office with proper letter of
explanation. The necessity of remaining in a locality awaiting
the return of vessels is left largely to the discretion of the agent.
Remote localities.— While the entire country bordering on waters
from which commercial fishing operations can be carried on must
be covered, agents may find that some fishing operations are carried
APPENDIX.
on in remote localities not accessible by railroad or boat, and that
no exact information concerning them can be obtained without a
long, expensive trip by the use of livery. If in such cases the
agent can secure satisfactory information that the year’s catch was
comparatively unimportant, he should not incur the expense of
the trip, but should obtain the best information possible from
persons who are familiar with the operations of the fishermen,
prepare a report, and give explanation under ‘‘Remarks.”’
In cases where the fisherman is absent when the agent calls and
it is evident from a personal inspection that his operations for the
year were unimportant, the information should be obtained from
some one familiar with the value of the boats, equipment, and the
year’s catch.
General report.—Each agent will be required to furnish a general
statement of conditions and recent developments in the fishing
industry in the district to which he is assigned. Detailed answers
to the following inquiries will develop these conditions, and the
agent must submit the questions to the principal fishermen of each
locality and make such memoranda as will enable him to make a
full report when the canvass of the district is finished.
1. Has the past season been an average one, an unusually good
one, or an unusually poor one?
2. Has there been any general change in the apparatus used for
catching fish in the last two or three years? If so, describe briefly.
3. What are the principal nationalities of the fishermen?
4. Has there been any considerable change in the nationality
of the fishermen in the last few years? If so, describe briefly.
5. What kinds of fish, if any, are being caught in smaller quan-
tities in the last few years?
6. What kinds of fish, if any, are being caught in greater quantities
in the last few years?
7. What kinds of fish, if any, have been caught for the first time
in the neighborhood in the last year or two?
8. What conditions, if any, exist that make the fishing unusually
difficult or unprofitable?
9. Are these conditions increasing or decreasing?
10. Has any disease affected the fish during the past year? If so,
describe briefly the extent and nature of the disease and the kind
‘ or kinds of fish affected.
11. Describe briefly the nature and extent of loss of life and
property during the year.
In addition to the foregoing inquiries, the agent is at liberty and
will be expected to ask such other questions as will tend to elicit
valuable information as to the conditions of the industry in the
section of the country in which he is working.
ScHEDULE FOR VESSEL FISHERIES EE2-248.
Title-page.—The name and post-office address is not necessarily
that of the owner of the vessel. It may be the name and address of
the person or company operating the fishery, as in some cases the
vessels are chartered and the owner is not connected with fisheries.
Fishing port.—The term ‘‘fishing port” is generally understood
by vessel fishermen, and means the port at which the catch is ordi-
narily landed. As a rule, the homes of the fishermen are at the
fishing port.
Hailing port.—The hailing port of a vessel is the port at which it
is documented in the customhouse and from which its official papers
issue.
Name of vessel.—The full name of the vessel should be given.
For example, if the name of the vessel is Charles Macalester it
should be so reported, and not as the Macalester. If the name of
the vessel has been changed during 1908, that fact should be noted
under ‘‘ Remarks.’?
Net tonnage.—The net tonnage is given in the official papers of a
vessel and is also cut on the vessel itself. The owner or captain
will generally know the net tonnage.
Certificate.—The certificate should show the time covered by the
report. Ifthe vessel was sold or destroyed during the year, the fact
should be noted under ‘‘Remarks.’’ A space is provided for the
signature of the person furnishing the information for the report
76786°—11——20
305
and the schedule should ordinarily be signed; but if for any reason
it is impracticable to obtain a signature, it may be omitted. In
such cases the agent should supply the name of the person who fur-
nished the information. If the post-office address of the person
furnishing the information is different from that given on the face
of the schedule, it should be reported.
Capital invested—The answer to this inquiry should cover the
entire investment. If vessels are chartered or buildings or appa-
ratus are rented, they should nevertheless be reported. If such
vessels or apparatus are included in another fisherman’s report, an
explanation should be made under ‘‘ Remarks,’’ so that the dupli-
cation may be eliminated. The amount reported should be the
value of vessels, buildings, and apparatus at the beginning of the
year covered by the report. All vessels equipped with mechanical
propelling power are considered as ‘‘steam” or ‘“‘motor.”’ A vessel
having both sails and steam power would be classed as ‘‘steam.’’
The term ‘‘transporting vessels” includes all vessels connected
with the fishery, but not actually engaged in fishing. For example,
it includes towboats engaged in hauling vessels carrying fish, ves-
sels used as cold-storage barges or to live on, watch boats, and lay
boats. Ifa transporting vessel is not connected with vessel fisheries,
that fact should be stated. It might be connected with a cannery
or packing house or even with a shore fishery. Vessels engaged in
both fishing and transporting should be reported as fishing vessels,
but the fact that they were also engaged in transporting should be
noted under ‘‘Remarks.’’ The value of outfit is, strictly speaking,
not an item of capital but an item of expense. The answer to this
inquiry, therefore, should show the total outlay for outfit during the
year. Many vessels will, of course, be fitted with a new supply of
provisions, fuel, bait, etc., several times a year. Care should be
| taken that the answer does not show the value of only one complete
outfit for the vessel. It is believed that the list of apparatus given
| on the schedule will cover practically all the kinds in general use.
Nevertheless, blank lines have been added, and if the agent finds
any apparatus in use that is not included in the list, he should report
it on one of these lines and should, in addition, give a general
description of the apparatus under ‘‘Remarks,’’ with a diagram, if
necessary. If shore and vessel fisheries are carried on under the
same ownership, it will be necessary to fill out more than one blank,
but it is not necessary to divide the value of shore and accessory
property and cash, etc. The value of these items may be reported
on any one schedule and reference to that schedule made on the
other schedules.
In some states private or cultivated oyster beds are leased for a
term of years or actually owned by the operators. This, however,
is not the universal practice, and as it will be impossible to obtain
the total value of all oyster beds, this item must not be included in
the values reported for answer to inquiry l.
Proprietors, firm members, and independent fishermen.—Stock-
holders of corporations should not be reported unless they are also
employees of the company. A person fishing on shares, delivering
a part of the catch to another person and selling the remainder,
should not be considered as an independent fisherman; in this case
the person to whom a part of the catch was delivered should be con-
sidered the proprietor. It is desired to show in the report the total
number of persons engaged in fishing. For this reason it is neces-
sary to indicate whether the proprietor was actually engaged in
fishing. In the great majority of cases the proprietor will be found
to be so engaged, but in cases where he is not, this fact should be
indicated in the space provided. If the ownership of the vessel is
in shares, a number of which are held by parties who take no part
in its management, these parties should be reported as ‘‘share-
holders.’’ Persons reported in inquiries 2, 3, and 4 should not be
duplicated when more than one schedule is secured for operations
carried on under the same ownership.
Salaried employees.—There will probably be comparatively few
cases where it will be necessary to answer this inquiry. It applies
only to large companies having a managing office in which records
of the fishing are kept by salaried employees. Persons reported in
this inquiry should not be reported on another schedule.
306
Vessel crew.—The regular crew, including the fishermen on the
vessel, should be reported as ‘‘vessel crew.’’ If the captain or any
other member of the crew has been reported as a proprietor, he
should not be reported here. Where fishermen are working on
shares, it will be necessary to estimate the annual wages. Where
board is provided for fishermen as part compensation, the value of
provisions thus used should not be included in wages, but should
be reported separately as provided for in the schedule.
Quantity and value of catch.—The total catch should be reported.
The number of pounds should be obtained if possible, but in cases
where it is impossible to estimate the weight the quantity should
be reported by some other unit of measurement, the unit used being
specified. Ifthe quantity is reported in barrels, casks, boxes, bas-
kets, or similar measure, the size of the unit should be stated. It
will probably be necessary in most cases to report the quantity of
oysters, clams, etc.,in bushels. When oysters are reported, a state-
ment should be made showing whether they were taken from public
or from private beds. The quantities and values of market and seed
oysters must be reported separately.
The prices of fish and fish products vary greatly, according to the
season or the state of the market. Agents must familiarize them-
selves with the prices prevailing in the section of the country in
which they are employed, and in every instance check the quanti-
ties and values reported so as to verify the average price and see
that itis in harmony with actual conditions. In cases where fishing
operations are conducted in connection with a packing house or
cannery, the two operations being carried on by two different sets
of employees, the entire catch of fresh fish should be reported on
the schedule for ‘‘ Vessel fisheries” or ‘‘Shore and boat fisheries,”
as the case may be, and the products of the packing house or
cannery should be reported on the schedule provided for the pur-
pose. The two schedules should be attached to each other when
sent to the office.
In cases where fishermen salt or smoke a part of their catch, the
same employees being engaged in both the fishing and the salting
or smoking, the entire report should be made on a schedule for
“Shore and boat fisheries” or for ‘‘ Vessel fisheries,’’ as the case may
be. Insuch cases each kind of fish caught by each kind of apparatus
should be reported in the condition it was when it left the fisher-
men’s hands—for example, ‘‘fresh cod,’”’ ‘‘salted cod,’’ or ‘‘smoked
herring.’ If the fishermen are employed in connection with a
cannery, the fish will leave their hands fresh, and should be reported
‘inthisway. If they salt orsmokea part or all of their catch, the fish
so treated should be reported as they leave their hands; that is to
say, as salted or smoked. In reporting fresh fish the weight before
being cleaned, commonly known as ‘‘round weight,’’ should be
given.
When it is necessary for the fisherman to estimate the quantity
and value of the catch, the total quantity and the total value should
be entered and the attention of the informant called to such entries
before the schedule is signed.
In reporting a transporting vessel, it is of course unnecessary to
answer the question relating to the catch.
It is the intention of the office to publish separately the quanti-
ties and values of each specjes of fish caught during 1908. It is
possible that some difficulty will be encountered in obtaining com-
plete returns in this detail, and for this reason the attention of the
agents is particularly called to this phase of the inquiry. It will be
the natural inclination of the fishermen, in giving an estimated
report, to mention only the principal kinds of fish caught, but the
agents must use every effort to obtain a complete list of the species
taken during the year, together with their quantities and values.
It is frequently found that, while fishing operations may be car-
ried on particularly for the capture of a certain species of fish, still
other varieties will almost invariably be taken. These other varie-
ties may not appear to the fishermen to be of much importance, but
it is believed that the quantities thus caught will in the aggregate
be considerable.
The last report of the Bureau of Fisheries for the state in which
the agent is working will show, by counties, the quantities and
values of each species of fish caught during the year covered by the
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
report, and it will therefore be well for the agent to familiarize him-
self with this list.
ScHEDULE FoR SHORE AND Boat FisHERIES EE1-247.
If several fishermen work together in a sort of partnership arrange-
ment, one report should be made for them. When a fisherman
works on shares—that is, keeps a part of his catch and delivers the
other part to his employer—he should not be considered as an inde-
pendent fisherman.
The instructions for filling the schedule for ‘‘ Vessel fisheries” will
cover most of the inquiries on the schedule for ‘‘Shore and boat fish-
eries.”’ Special attention is, however, called to the following
points:
Locations.—The location reported should be the point on shore
from which the fishing operations are conducted. In many casesa
fishing camp is established as a base of operations.
Waters where fishing 1s conducted.—The answer to this question
should give the name of the body of water where the fishing is con-
ducted, as, for example, the name of the river, inlet, bay, or sound.
Wage-earners—Only employees actually connected with the
fishing should be reported as wage-earners. Shoresmen should
include all shore employees directly connected with the catching
of fish; for example, it would include persons engaged in mending
nets.
ScHEDULE FoR Packine Houses AND CANNERIES EE3-249.
This schedule is intended to cover all packing, preserving, and
curing of fish. The operations are not necessarily conducted in
buildings, but fish may be salted or otherwise preserved on the
beach or even on the deck of the fishing vessel. Ifthe packing or
curing is done by the fishermen, the report should be made as indi-
cated under ‘‘ Quantity and value of catch,’’ above.
If an individual or company operates plants in different states, a
separate report should be made for the plants in each state, as it is
desired to present statistics separately for the several states.
Wage-earners.—To obtain the average number of wage-earners
employed during the year, the average number employed during
the various months should be added and the total divided by 12.
The word ‘‘none” should not be used in answer to the inquiry as to
the least number employed at any one time in the case of an estab-
lishment that had no employees for a part of the year, but the small-
est number employed at any one time should be given.
Fresh fish received at plant.—This should include all fish received
at the plant. Spoiled fish received by a fertilizer plant should be
reported. Ifimported fish were received ata plant, that fact should
be stated. If partially treated fish are received at the plant and the
process completed, the quantity of partially treated fish received
at the plant should be reported separately from the quantity of
fresh fish received.
Products.—Under this head should be reported the kind, quantity,
and value of fish or sea products, and the nature of the process of
treatment (canned, packed, smoked, salted, made into fertilizer,
etc.). Ifthe quantity can not be reported in pounds, it should be
reported in other terms, and the unit of measurement should be
stated. If barrels or casks are reported, their size should be stated.
If canned goods are reported in number of cans, the number of cans
of each size should be stated; if number of cases are reported, the
size of the cans and the number of cans to each case should be given.
If canned oysters are reported in pounds, the agent must be careful
that the weight given represents the actual contents of the cans.
The contents of a l-pound can of oysters may weigh 10 ounces.
Therefore in this case sixteen 1-pound cans of oysters should be
reported as 10 pounds. If by-products are reported, the various
kinds should be named or described, and the quantities and values
of the principal by-products should be reported separately.
The difference between the weight of the green fish and the
finished product of the cannery depends largely upon the process
employed and the character of the finished product. This variation,
however, must be carefully noted at the time of preparing the
reports, and when it is excessive or apparently insuflicient, a proper
memorandum of explanation should be given under ‘‘Remarks” on
the last page of the schedule.
APPENDIX.
307
LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF KINDS OF FISH.
ABALONE (Haliotis).—A mollusk found on the coast of California,
especially abundant in the neighborhood of San Diego. It is also
called ‘‘sea-ear,”? ‘‘ormer-shell,” ‘‘ear-shell,’”’ etc. Different
species are known as red abalone, black abalone, and rough abalone.
The shells are largely sold for commercial purposes, many being
shipped to Europe. The flesh is salted and dried and used for food
by the Chinese.
ALBACORE.—See Horse mackerel.
ALEwirEe (Pomolobus pseudoharengus and P. zstivalis).—These
two species are generally known indiscriminately as alewives, and
are found in waters adjacent to the sea. P. pseudoharengus is never
found south of the Neuse River, in North Carolina. It is known
along the Potomac as ‘‘branch herring;’’ on the Albemarle as the
“big-eyed herring” and the ‘‘wall-eyed herring,” in New England
as “‘alewife,”’ and on the Connecticut as ‘‘ellwife” and ‘‘ellwhop.”
It appears in the rivers three or four weeks earlier than the ‘glut
herring” or the ‘‘shad.’”’ P. zxstivalis is found from the Carolinas to
the Gulf of Maine. It is known in the Chesapeake and Albemarle
as ‘“‘glut herring;” in the Ogeechee as ‘‘English herring;” in the
St. Johns as ‘‘herring,’”’ and in Massachusetts and during the later
runs in the Rappahannock as the ‘‘blueback;” also known as
“black-belly,”? ‘‘saw-belly,”’ and ‘“‘kyack.”? It is less abundant
than P. pseudoharengus, and much less valuable as a food fish.
Both species average about a half pound in weight and 8 to 10
inches in length. They are caught in nets, seines, weirs, etc., and
are of very great importance as food fish. They are also used for
bait. The name is also applied to the menhaden (Brevoortia
tyrannus) in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.
ALFIONE (Rhacochilus toxotes).—A food fish found on the Cali-
fornia coast from Cape Mendocino to San Pedro. It is also called
“perch” and ‘‘sprat.’’? It reaches a length of 18 inches and a
weight of 5 pounds. It is the most important of the surf-fishes.
ALLIGATOR (Alligator mississtippiensis).—The alligator is found in
the streams and swamps of the Southern states, and more or less
numerously along the coast from South Carolina to Texas. It is also
called ‘‘cayman.’’ Alligators attain a length of 12 feet, and average
about 10 feet. They are captured for their hides, oil, ivory, flesh,
skeletons, and eggs.
AmBeEr-FIsuH (Seriola).—A food fish found from Cape Cod ta Cape
Hatteras. It is known as ‘‘jack-fish” on the Carolina coast, and
‘“‘amber-fish,’’ ‘‘shark’s pilot,’’ and ‘‘rudder-fish” elsewhere. The
average length is 24 inches; average weight, 7 pounds. Another
species found on the California coast is known as “‘ yellow-tail.”
Ancunovy (Engraulidide).—These are small fishes of the genus
Anchovia common on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Texas; also
on the coast of southern California, and the genus Engraulis common
from Alaska to Lower California. The silver anchovy (Anchovia
brown) is the common Atlantic species. It is also known as *‘sar-
dine” and “‘spearing,’”’ and with other anchovies enters into the
composition of ‘‘white bait.’’ The California anchovy (Engraulis
mordaz) is the largest and most valuable food species. It is mostly
preserved in oil or made into fish paste. The name is also applied
to preparations of other fish, especially young herring and sprat.
ANGEL-FISH.—1. A name applied to the moonfish, or spadefish
(Chetodipterus faber), from Florida to Charleston. 2. Small, beau-
tifully tinted fish (Holacanthus), found in tropical waters, especially
among coral reefs. They are sold for exhibition in aquaria and
also for *ood.
Arxa-FisH (Pleurogrammus monopterygius).—A fine food fish
found among the Aleutian Islands. The average weight is about 2
pounds and average length about 16 inches. Also known as ‘‘Atka
mackerel.”’
Barracuda (Sphyrena argentea).—An excellent food fish caught
on the California coast from San Francisco southward. It reaches a
length of about 5 feet and a weight of about 12 pounds. Itis caught
with hand lines and by trolling, and when dried and salted makes
excellent food. The great barracuda (8. barracuda), also known as
“‘picuda” or ‘“‘becuna,” is found on our coast from Pensacola to
Charleston and is the largest of the genus, reaching a length of 6 feet.
Smaller species (8. borealis and 8. guachaucho) are found as far north
as Cape Cod, but are not highly valued as food fish.
Bass.—See Black bass, Calico bass, Redfish, Rock bass, Sea bass,
Striped bass, and White bass.
The ‘‘yellow bass” or ‘‘brassy bass” (Morone interrupta) is found
throughout the lower course of the Mississippi; the ‘‘mud bass”
(Acantharchus pomotis) in the coastwise streams from New Jersey to
North Carolina; the ‘‘silver bass” (Hiodon tergisus) in the Ohio
Valley and northward to the upper Missouri. The ‘‘ Otsego bass” is
the whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) of Otsego Lake, New York;
the ‘‘little bass,’’ the little roncador (Genyonemus lineatus) of San
Francisco.
Be.uea (Delphinapterus leucas).—A whale abundant in the north
Atlantic, north Pacific, and Arctic Oceans. Specimens are occasion-
ally taken as far south as Cape Cod. It isalso called ‘‘white whale,”
‘‘whitefish,’’ ‘‘porpoise,”’ ‘‘dauphin blanc,’’ ‘‘marsoon,”’ etc. It
attains a length of 15 feet and is captured for its oiland skin. The
oil is sold under the name of ‘‘porpoise-jaw oil;” the skin is made
into leather.
BiG-EYED MACKEREL.—See Chub mackerel.
Brt-FisH.—A name applied to the gar-pike (Lepisosteus osseus),
to the garfish ( Tylosurus marinus), and to the spearfish ( Tetrapturus
imperator).
Brack Bass (Micropterus salmoides and M. dolomieu).—These two
species are known, respectively, as ‘‘large-mouth black bass” and
‘‘small-mouth black bass.’’ The former is found generally in slug-
gish waters from Dakota to New York and south to Florida and
Mexico. It is known in the Great Lakes region as ‘‘Oswego bass,”
in Indiana as ‘‘moss bass,’’ in Kentucky as ‘‘jumper,’’ in North
Carolina as ‘‘chub”’ and ‘‘welshman,’’ and in the Southern states as
‘“trout,’’ ‘‘green bass,’’ and ‘‘bayou bass.’’ The small-mouth bass
is generally found in clear running streams from Dakota to the St.
Lawrence, and south to South Carolina, Alabama, and Arkansas.
In the Southern states it is also called ‘‘jumper,”’ ‘‘perch,’’ ‘‘trout,’’
‘mountain trout,’’ etc. Each species is from 1 to 2} feet in length
and weighs from 2 to 8 pounds. They are caught with hook and
line and furnish a considerable quantity of excellent food. The
name is also applied to the black rockfish (Sebastodes mystinus and
S. melanops) in Puget Sound.
Buiacxkrin.—A whitefish (Leucichthys nigripinnis) found in Lake
Michigan; also called ‘‘bluefin.’’
BuiackrisH (Globicephalus melas).—An important and abundant
small whale found on the Atlantic coast as far south as New Jersey.
It is also called ‘‘pilot whale,’’ ‘‘grind whale,’’ etc. Its average
length is from 15 to 18 feet; average weight, 1,000 pounds. It is
captured by being stranded on the shore and by harpooning, and is
valuable for its oil. Fishermen sometimes use this whale for food
and bait. The name is also applied to the sea bass (Centropristes
striatus) south of Cape Hatteras and about Marthas Vineyard, and to
the tautog ( Tautoga onitts) on the coast of New York and New Jersey.
Biack HORSE (Cycleptus elongatus).—A sucker found in the
larger streams of the Mississippi Valley. It is also called ‘‘gourd-
seed sucker,”’ ‘‘ Missouri sucker,’’ ‘‘sweet sucker,’’ and ‘‘suckerel.’’
It reaches a length of 24 feet and a weight of from 5 to 12 pounds.
A good food fish.
Buienny (Blenniidxe).—A fish of little economic value, found on
the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts, sometimes sold in the market
as ‘eels.’
BunxKs.—One-year-old mackerel, graded fourth in the markets.
BustErR.—A very young oyster.
BioatTer.—A fat herring or mackerel.
BiueBAcK.—1l. An important salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) found
on the Pacific coast from the Columbia River northward. In the
308
upper Columbia and in Alaska it is called ‘‘redfish;” in the lower
Columbia, ‘‘blueback;”’ in Puget Sound, ‘‘sockeye;’’ and in the
Fraser River, ‘‘suk-kegh.”” It averages about 8 pounds in weight
and ranks next to the Chinook salmon in value at the canneries.
2. The name is also applied to the ‘‘glut herring” (Pomolobus exsti-
valis) in Massachusetts and in the later runs of the Rappahannock.
BuvE cop.—See Cultus cod.
Buverin (Leucichthys nigripinnis).—One of the whitefishes found
in Lake Michigan; also called ‘‘blackfin.”’
Buiverise (Pomatomus saltatriz).—A very gamy food fish found
on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. On the coast of the New England
and Middle states it is called ‘‘bluefish;’”’ in Rhode Island, “‘horse-
mackerel;” south of Cape Hatteras, ‘‘skipjack;”’ in North Carolina,
Virginia, and Maryland, ‘‘tailor’’ and ‘‘greenfish;”’ in the Gulf
of Mexico, ‘‘bluefish.’’ Young bluefish are called ‘‘anapping
mackerel,’’ ‘‘snappers,’’ and ‘‘salt-water tailors” in some parts of
New England; ‘‘blue snappers” about New Bedford, and ‘‘skip
mackerel” about New York. Bluefish vary in weight from 1
to 20 pounds, according to season and locality. Large numbers
are caught during the summer months with nets, traps, seines,
and hand lines. The name is improperly applied to the squeteague
(Cynoscion regalis) from southern New Jersey to Virginia, to the
black sea-bass (Centropristes striatus) at Newport and New Bedford,
to the ‘‘greenfish” (Girella nigricans) on the California coast south of
Monterey, and to the bonito (Sarda sarda) in the markets.
BLUEFISH MUMMICHOG.—See Mullet.
BLUNT-NOSED SHINER (Selene vomer).—A familiar food fish found
along the Atlantic coast from Florida to Cape Cod and in the Gulf
of Mexico. It is known in various places as “‘hogfish;’’ in North
Carolina, as ‘‘moonfish”’ or ‘‘sunfish;”’ in Florida, as ‘‘moonfish;”’
at Woods Hole, as ‘‘humpbacked butterfish;’’ and in the New York
market and Narragansett Bay, as ‘‘pug-nosed shiner.’’ It is from
8 to 12 inches long.
Boccaccro.—See Rockfish.
Bonito (Sarda sarda).—A food fish found in the Atlantic Ocean.
It weighs from 2 to 10 pounds, and is caught with hand lines and in
nets. The name is also applied to all the larger scombroids, and
to the cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in the Chesapeake.
Bowrtn (Amiatus calva).—A fresh-water food fish found in the
Great Lakes and in the streams which flow into the south Atlantic
and the Gulf of Mexico. It is also called ‘‘dogfish,’’ “‘sawyer,”’
“‘mud-fish,’’ ‘‘grindle,’’ etc., in different localities. It reaches a
weight of 10 to 12 pounds, and is caught with hook and line. It is
used for food in some states.
BowuweapD (Balxna mysticetus).—A whale of great commercial
importance found in the Arctic regions. It is the most valuable
of all whales. It yields large quantities of oil. It has the finest
and longest baleen.
BreamM.—A name used in many localities, generally with some
descriptive prefix, for the common fresh-water sunfish. At Charles-
ton the sailor’s choice (Lagodon rhomboides) is known as ‘‘salt-water
bream.’’ The golden shiner (Abramis crysoleucas) is also called
“bream”? in some localities, as is the rockfish (Sebastes marinus).
Broox tTrouT.—See Speckled trout.
BUFFALO FISH, RED OR BIG-MOUTHED BUFFALO (Icttobus cyprinella);
Back OR MONGREL BUFFALO (I. urus); and SMALL-MOUTHED or
WHITE BUFFALO (J. bubalus).—These fresh-water suckers are com-
mon to the waters of the Mississippi Valley and sometimes weigh
30 to 40 pounds. They are caught with nets and hand lines.
‘Buffalo carp” is a name sometimes erroneously applied to them.
Butirroa (Rana catesbiana).—A very familiar fresh-water am-
phibian found in nearly all localities in the United States. It is
the largest of the frogs, sometimes reaching a length of 8 inches
along back. The hind quarters are used extensively for food.
BuLi-HEAD.—See Horned pout.
Bursot (Lota maculosa).—A fresh-water fish found in most of the
lakes and streams in the northern part of the United States. In
various localities it is called ‘‘ling,’”’ “‘lawyer,”’ ‘lake cusk,”’ ‘‘eel-
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
pout,” “‘dogfish,’”’ “chub-eel,’’ ‘fresh-water cod,’’ ‘mother of
eels,” ‘‘aleby trout,’’ etc. It reaches a length of 30 inches.
Burterrise (Poronotus triacanthus).—A food fish found on the
Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida. It is called ‘‘butterfish” in
Massachusetts and New York, ‘‘harvest-fish ” in New Jersey, ‘‘dollar-
fish” in Maine, ‘“‘sheepshead” and “‘skipjack” about Cape Cod,
‘‘pumpkin-seed” in Connecticut, and “‘starfish” at Norfolk. It
has an average length of 7 to 8 inches, and is caught in traps and
pounds.
CaBRILLA.—A name applied indiscriminately to several serranoid
fishes of the southern coast of California. They are also called “‘rock
bass,”’ ‘‘kelp salmon,” ‘“‘Johnny Verde,’’ ‘“‘lockee cod” (Chinese),
etc. They are from 1 to 2 feet long, weigh 2 to 5 pounds, and are
used extensively for food.
Ca.ico Bass (Pomozis sparoides).—A food fish found in the Great
Lakes, in the Mississippi Valley, and in the streams of the Carolinas
and eastern Georgia. In Lake Erie and in Ohio generally it is called
“strawberry bass” or ‘“‘grass bass;” in Lake Michigan, ‘‘barfish;”
in Illinois, ‘‘calico bass;” in the South, ‘‘goggle-eye” or ‘‘goggle-
eyed perch;” also sometimes called ‘‘bitter-head,” and ‘“‘lamp-
lighter.”” It averages from J to 2 pounds in weight, and is caught
with hook and line.
CanDLEFisH.—See Eulachon. The black candlefish (Anoplopoma
fimbria) is found on the Pacific coast from Monterey northward.
CapELIN (Maliotus villosus).—A small fish of the smelt family
found in the north Atlantic as far south as Maine, in Bering Sea,
and in the Arctic Ocean. It reaches a length of about 12 inches.
It is valuable food for other fish, especially the cod, and is used
extensively for bait. They are caught in seines and dip nets,
generally at night. The name is incorrectly applied to the silver-
side ( Menidia notata) in the vicinity of Boston.
Carp (Cyprinus carpio).—A fresh-water food fish of great interest
to fish culturists, now found in ponds and streams in nearly every
state of the Union. Asa result of domestication several varieties
have arisen, the principal ones being the ‘‘scale carp,’’ heavily
scaled, the ‘‘mirror carp,’’ with a few series of very large scales, and
the ‘leather carp,’’ naked. The size varies with the temperature
and clearness of the water, the abundance and nature of the food
supply, the kind of bottom, etc. They live to a ripe old age, and
sometimes attain a weight of more than 40 pounds. Also known as
‘German carp.”’
Catrisx (Siluridx).—The American species include the sea cat-
fishes of the Atlantic coast, the channel cats of all the rivers east of
the Rocky Mountains, the horned pout widely distributed through
the brooks and ponds of the states, and the diminutive mad toms.
The various species are distinguished by the common names of
‘‘channelcat,’’ ‘‘blue cat,’’ ‘‘Mississippi cat,’’ ‘‘mud cat,’’ ‘‘flannel-
mouth,’’ ‘‘horned pout,” ‘‘bull-head,’’ ‘‘minister,’’ ‘‘goujon,’’
“‘bashaw,”’ ‘‘gaff-topsail,’’ etc. They varyin length from 1 to 5 feet
and in weight from 2 to 150 pounds. They are caught by means
of nets ,traps, hand lines, and jugging, and are largely used for food.
CavaLLa. See Crevallé.
Crro.—See Spanish mackerel.
CETaceANS.—Marine mammals, more or less fishlike in form,
found in all seas, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.
CHANNEL-Bass.—See Red-drum.
CHICKEN HALIBUT.—A name applied to small or young halibut.
They are sold at a slightly higher price per pound than the common-
sized fish. The name is also incorrectly applied to the summer
flounder (Paralichthys dentatus).
CHINOOK SALMON.—See Quinnat.
Cuoaset ( Tautogolabrus adspersus).—This fish is found mostly in
bays and harbors on the coast north of New York. It is alsocalled
“cunner,’’ ‘‘sea perch,’’ ‘‘perch,”’ ‘‘bergall,’’ ‘‘nippers,’’ ‘‘bait-
stealer,”’ etc. It is similar to the tautog in appearance and is gen-
erally associated with it; it is from 8 to 10 inches long, and weighs
about 1 pound. It is caught in bag nets and with hook and line,
and in some localities used for food.
APPENDIX.
Cuus.—This name is given most frequently to various species of
the Cyprinide. ‘They are found in all parts of the United States,
but have no great value as food fish. The name is also applied to
the tautog (Tautoga onitis) in New Jersey and in the Chesapeake,
to the spot (Leiostomus zanthurus) at Charleston, 8. C., and to the
large-mouth black bass ( Mcropterus salmoides) in North Carolina.
CuuB MacKEREL (Scomber Japonicus).—A food fish of much less
value than the common mackerel, which it closely resembles. It
is found irregularly along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and in the
Pacific as far north as Monterey. It is also called ‘‘thimble-eye,”’
big-eyed mackerel,” “bull mackerel,’ ‘‘easter mackerel,” “ tinker
mackerel,’’ and “‘little mackerel.’ It reaches a length of about
1 foot, and on account of its small size very little attention is paid to
it where the common mackerel is found.
Ciaar-FrisH.—See Round robin.
; Cisco (Leucichthys artedi)—One of the lesser whitefishes, found
in the Great Lakes and neighboring waters. Other names are ‘lake
herring,”’ ‘‘Michigan herring,”’ etc. The usual length ‘is a little
more than 12 inches. It belongs to the salmon family. The name
is also applied to a related species of less economic importance.
Ciam.—A name given to bivalve mollusks largely used for food
and bait; found on all our coasts. Various species, most of which
are edible, are known by the names of “soft clam,”’ “long clam,”’
“butter-fish,’” “ mananose,’’ ‘nanninose,”’ “squirt clam,” “qua-
haug,” “hard clam,’ “surf clam,” “sea clam,” “hen clam,”
“beach clam,” “dipper,” “skimmer,’’ “painted clam,” “cuneata
clam,” “round clam,” “‘little-neck clam,” ‘“‘gapers,” “tellens,”
“flat clam,” “razor clam,”’ ‘‘razor-fish,”’ “knife-handle,” “bull-
nose,’’ etc. The fishing or digging of these bivalves forms an im-
portant industry in both the Atlantic and Pacific states. Dredges,
rakes, tongs, hoes, forks, and baskets are used in gathering them.
Large quantities are salted or pickled and sold for bait.
Costa (Rachycentron canadum).—One of the most important food
fishes of Maryland and Virginia, and found less abundantly along
the entire coast from Cape Cod southward. It is called “bonito”
and ‘“‘coalfish” in the Chesapeake; “sergeant-fish” in southern and
eastern Florida; “ling” and ‘tsnooks” in western Florida; and
“crab-eater.’”’? It averages from 2 to 3 feet in length.
Cop (Gadus callarias)—One of the most important food fishes of
the United States. It is caught most extensively along the coasts
of the Middle states, New England, and British America. It varies
in weight from 3 to 75 pounds. Itis caught with hand lines, trawls,
nets, etc., and is sold fresh, pickled, salted, and dried. Food prepa-
rations, such as boneless and desiccated fish, are also made from
cod. The sounds are used in the manufacture of glue. The Alaska
cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is an important food fish found from
Bering Sea to Oregon.
The skilfish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is known as the “black cod.”
The redfish (Sebastodes melanops) is known as the ‘‘red cod.”
The cultus cod (Ophiodon elongatus) is always called “codfish”
where the true cod is unknown.
Conc (Strombus gigas).—A large sea snail found on the Atlantic
coast and extensively gathered and sold for ornaments, for the
manufacture of porcelain and lime, and for medicinal purposes.
The animal is used as food in Key West. A valuable pearl is some-
times derived from it.
CraB.—aA general term applied to various kinds of decapod crus-
taceans found along the entire coast. The different species vary
much in size, habit, and use, and are designated blue, fiddler,
green, hermit, horseshoe, jonah, kelp, king, lady, mud, oyster, red,
rock, sand, sea, soldier, spider, stone, etc. The edible crabs have
names applied by the catchers, describing the different conditions
of the shell. While shedding they are known as “hard-shell,”
“comer,” “buster,” “‘peeler,’? and “shedder;” while growing a
new shell, ‘‘soft-shell,”’ “paper-shell,”? “buckler,’’ and “hard-
ghell.’’ The gathering of crabs is an important industry along the
entire Atlantic coast. They are caught with scrap nets, dip nets,
309
pots, seines, trawla, hand lines, spears, and tongs, and are used for
food, bait, and fertilizers, The fertilizers are sold as “cancerine.””
Crarrie (Pomozis annularis).—A fresh-water food fish found in
the Mississippi Valley. Local names are “bachelor,” “new light,”
“campbellite,”’ “sac-4-lait,” “chinquapin perch,” etc. It is some-
times confounded with the calico bass (Pomozis sparotdes).
CrayrisH, or Crawriso.—A decapod crustacean found in most of
the fresh-water streams of North America. It is sometimes called
the “spring lobster.” The principal supply is obtained at New
Orleans, in the Potomac, and near the Great Lakes, and the prin-
cipal markets are New York and New Orleans.
CREVALLE (Caranz hippos).—A food fish very abundanton the east
Florida and Gulf coasts, and occasionally found as far north as Cape
Cod. Local names are ‘‘crevallé,’’ ‘‘horse crevallé,” ‘‘horse-
mackerel,’’ etc. The average weight is 12 pounds. The name is
also applied to the cero (Scomberomorus cavalla).
Croaxer (Micropogon wndulatus).—A food fish found mostly in
the South, but sometimes caught as far north as New York. Local
names are “crocus” and “‘ronco.’’ It averages about 10 inches in
length. Large quantities are caught in the Gulf with hand lines
and seines, and sell at low prices.
Also a local name for blue surf-fish (Embiotoca jacksoni) at San
Diego, and for the fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in
northern Indiana.
Cuitcu.—The spawn of the oyster; also materials used to form
the spawning bed for oysters.
CuLtus cop (Ophiodon elongatus).—A common food fish found on
the Pacific coast from Sitka to Santa Barbara. Common names are
“codfish,’’ “ling,” “bastard cod,” “buffalo cod,” “blue cod,”’ ete.
It averages about 8 pounds in weight, and is caught on hooks and in
sweep nets.
CunEata CLAM (Gnathodon cuneatus).—This clam is found in large
quantities in the Gulf of Mexico and is used as an article of food.
The shell is used for road making. The famous shell roads of the
South are constructed of these shells, taken from Lakes Pontchar-
train and Salvador.
CunNNER.—See Chogset.
Cusx (Brosme brosme).—A deep-water food fish found in the Atlan-
tic Ocean north of Cape Cod.
CurrLe-risx (Cephalopoda).—Mollusks found in large numbers all
along the coast. The ‘‘common squid,” “octopus,” ‘‘calamary, ”
‘sea arrow,” etc., are different species found in particular localities.
They are caught in fish pounds, seines, weirs, and trawls, and with
fishhooks; large numbers are also taken by driving them on shore by
‘“‘torching.” Some are caught with a peculiar arrangement of
hooks called a ‘‘squid jig.” Different species vary in length from
a few inches to 50 feet. They are important asa bait for many useful
fish and as food for man. Oil, ‘‘cuttle bone,” a dentifrice, india
ink, etc., are also obtained from them.
Dace.—A common name applied to different species of the Cyp-
rinide family, generally modified by some descriptive prefix, as
“horned dace,” ‘‘red dace,” etc.
Diamonp-Back.—See Terrapin.
DoarisH (Squalus acanthias).—A shark found abundantly in the
north Atlantic, sometimes ranging south to Cuba. On the Pacific
coast is found §. sucklit. It reaches a length of 3 feet. They are
captured for their livers and skins, the former producing large quan-
tities of oil, and the latter, when dried, being used for polishing pur-
poses. The names ‘‘smooth-dogfish,” ‘‘horned dogfish,” etc., are
applied to related species. The name dogfish is also applied to the
bowfin (Amiatus calva) in the region of the Great Lakes and to the
burbot (Lota maculosa) about Lake Erie.
Do.rHin.—l. Cetaceans abundant everywhere in temperate and
tropical seas; also known by the names of ‘‘porpoise,” ‘‘cowfish, ”
“‘herring-hogs, ” ‘‘puffers,’” etc. Dolphins are from 5 to 15 feet long
and weigh from 100 to 500 pounds. They are captured in nets, by
harpooning, and by driving them ashore, and are used for bait and
310
for the oil and leather they produce. 2. A pelagic fish (Coryphena
hippurus) sometimes found on our coasts.
Drum (Pogonias chromis).—1. A large food fish found plentifully
in the south Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico and occasionally
taken as far north as Cape Cod. The young and adult fish are
respectively known as ‘‘striped drum” and ‘‘black drum.” The
average weight is 20 pounds. They are caught in seines and gill nets
and with hook and line. The flesh is coarse, but sweet and tender.
The large and silvery scales are used in the manufacture of ‘‘fish-
scale jewelry.”” 2. The fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)
is found in all large bodies of water from the Great Lakes to the Rio
Grande. It is known as the ‘“‘sheepshead” on the Great Lakes; as
“perch,” ‘‘white perch,” and ‘‘gray perch” on the Ohio River; as
“crocus” on the lakes of northern Indiana; as ‘‘drum” and ‘‘thun-
der-pumper” in the Southern states; and as ‘“‘gaspergou” in
Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. ‘‘Jewel-head” issometimes heard.
It reaches a length of 4 feet and a weight of from 40 to 60 pounds. It
is a food fish, but not of fine quality. 3. Redfish or red drum
(Sciznops ocellatus).
Dun-risH.—Cod or other fish that are slack-salted and dried or
cured in a dark room until they turn an amber or dun color. They
are much esteemed for food.
ErEu (Anguilla chrisypa).—A very common food fish found in all
parts of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains in both fresh
and salt waters. Eels are caught in weirs, nets, traps, pots, baskets,
and with spears and hand lines, and are sold fresh and canned. The
skin is used for mechanical purposes.
Eutacuon (Thaleichthys pacificus).—A small fish common in the
rivers and coast waters of the north Pacific. The Indian name
“oolican” (hoolakins) is often used. The trade name is ‘‘candle-
fish.” On the Columbia River the name ‘“‘smelt” is used. The
length averages a little less than 1 foot. It is an excellent food fish,
and is also of importance for the oil it yields, which is used as a sub-
stitute for cod-liver oil.
Finpack (Balzenoptera physalus).—This is a large whale common
to all seas. It attains a length of about 70 feet, and is captured by
stranding or by the use of the bomb lance. It yields very little oil
orbaleen. Other species are found in the north Atlantic and on the
Pacific coast.
Fiatriso.—A name applied to a large group of fishes which have
the body much compressed, both eyes on one side of the head, the
blind side colorless and usually lowermost in the water. It is the
common name given to the family of flounders (Pleuronectidx).
FLounpER (Pleuronectide).—The family of flounders is composed
of the turbots (Bothine), the halibuts (Hippoglossinx), the plaices
(Pleuronectine), and probably the soles (Soleidx). The name is
variously applied to the flat fishes found on all our coasts, as ‘‘Amer-
ican sole,”’ ‘‘bastard halibut,”’ ‘‘Monterey halibut,” ‘‘winter floun-
der,”’ ‘‘ starry flounder,” ‘‘rough limanda,”’ ‘‘diamond flounder,’’
“‘long-finned sole,’ ‘‘sand-dab,”’ ‘‘rough dab,”’ ‘Greenland turbot,”
‘pole flounder,”’ ‘‘craig flounder,’’ ‘‘spotted sand flounder,”’ etc.
They are of all sizes and vary in shape; caught in weirs, pounds,
seines, and nets, and with hand lines and gaffs, and sold for food
and bait.
Fur seau(Collorhinus ursinus).—A fur-bearing sea mammal found
from California northward; especially abundant upon the Pribilof
Islands. Its skin is of great commercial value. Its flesh is not
used for food except by the natives.
Garrisa (Tylosurus marinus).—A fish of little economic impor-
tance common on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Maine to Texas.
It often ascends rivers for great distances. It is also called ‘‘needle-
fish” in the Gulf of Mexico, ‘‘garfish” on the Altantic coast, and
“tea-snipe,’’ ‘‘silver gar,” and ‘‘billfish” in different localities.
It is about 24 feet long and weighs about 2 pounds. Other species
are known as ‘‘needle-fish” and ‘‘houndfish” or ‘‘agujon.”’
GaR-PIKE (Lepisosteus osseus).—A destructive fish found in the
Great Lakes, throughout the Mississippi Valley, and in most of the
streams of the Southern states. Other names often used are “‘gar,”’
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
‘‘billfish,’’ ‘“‘swordfish,’”’ ‘‘long-nosed gar-pike,’’ etc. It reaches a
length of 5 or 6 feet. The flesh is tough and not edible.
The short-nosed gar (L. platystomus) is smaller than the preceding
and has the same geographic distribution, but is less common north-
ward.
The alligator gar (L. tristechus) isfound in all waters tributary to the
Gulf of Mexico as far north as the Ohio River. It attains a length
of 10 feet, but averages about 2 feet. It is of no value asa food fish.
GASPEREAU.—The Canadian name for the alewife (Pomolobus
pseudoharengus).
GouprisxH (Carassius auratus).—A small fresh-water fish, closely
allied to the carp, native to eastern China. They are used only as
ornaments for aquaria. The name is also applied to a California
dameel-fish (Hypsypops rubicundus).
Goopy.—See Spot.
GooserisH (Lophius piscatorius).—A large sluggish fish found on
the north Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Cape Lookout. Local
names are ‘‘angler,’”’ ‘‘fishing frog,’’ monkfish,’’ ‘‘bellows-fish,’’
‘‘molligut,’”’ ‘‘all-mouth,’’ ‘‘wide-gape,”’ ‘‘kettleman,’’ etc. It
reachesa length of 4 feet and a weight of 40 pounds. Although pala-
table, it is seldom used for food, being principally used as bait for
lobster pots.
Grampus (Grampus griseus).—A large dolphin taken on the Atlan-
tic coast. It is alsocalled ‘‘cowfish.’’ It attainsa length of 15 to 20
feet, and is valuable for the oil it yields. A smaller species (G.
stearnsit) is found on the California coast.
GRaYLine (Thymallus signifer).—A beautiful fish found in Alaska.
It averages 10 or 11 inches in length and half a pound in weight.
Varieties are found in Montana (7. montanus) and Michigan (T. tri-
color) and are of great interest to anglers.
GRay WHALE (Rhachianectes glaucus).—A large whale found along
the Pacific coast; also called ‘‘devilfish,”’ ‘‘hard-head,” ‘‘gray
back,”’ ‘‘rip sack,”’ ‘‘mussel digger,’’ etc. It averages 35 or 40 feet
in length, and is captured for its oil and baleen.
GREEN TURTLE (Chelonia midas).—This turtle is found on the coast
from Long Island Sound to Florida and along the Gulf coast. In the
different localities it varies in size, from 8 pounds at Beaufort, N.C.,
to 1,000 pounds at Cedar Keys, Fla. The flesh of this turtle forms
the basis of the well-known turtle soup; the eggs are valuable for
food and for the oil they yield. A closely related species is found
on the coast of southern California.
GritseE.—A young salmon on its first return to fresh water, usually
in its second year of life. It then weighs from 2 to 6 pounds, and is
of great value as a food fish. See Salmon.
Grouper (Epinephelus).—A food fish found off the south Atlantic
coast and in the Gulf. The different species are known as ‘‘red
grouper,’’ ‘‘brown snapper,”’ red-bellied snapper,”’ ‘‘black grouper,”
‘Gewfish,”’ ‘“‘warsaw,’’ ‘‘spotted hind,’’ ‘‘banded grouper,”’ ‘‘rock-
fish,’ etc. They vary in size greatly, the ‘‘jewfish” exceeding 100
pounds. Allare caught with hook and line. The name ‘‘grouper”
is also applied to the rock cod of southern California and to the triple-
tail of the St. Johns River.
Grunt.—The name of several small Hemulide quite common off
the south Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and sometimes found on the
California coast. Different species are known as ‘‘black grunt,”
“red-mouth grunt,’ “‘flannel-mouthed porgy,’’ ‘‘pigfish,’’ ‘‘hog-
fish,’’ ‘‘sailor’s choice,” ‘‘sargo,’’ ‘‘pork-fish,’’ etc. All are caught
with hook and line and are valued as food fish. They makea pecul-
iar grunting noise when taken out of the water.
Happock (Melanogrammus xglifinus).—A food fish found in the
Atlantic north of the Delaware capes; called ‘‘dickie” in some
localities. It averages in weight from 4 to 6 pounds. It is exten-
sively caught for a fresh food fish, and is also salted, pickled, and
dried. When slack-salted and smoked it is sold under the name
of ‘“‘haddie.”” The sounds are used in the manufacture of glue.
Trawls and hand lines are used in catching them.
HaxeE (Urophycis).—Not true hakes. A food fish found off the
Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras. Different
APPENDIX.
Species are known as ‘‘old English hake,’’ ‘‘squirrel hake,” ‘‘ white
hake,” “‘ling,”’ “‘king hake,” ‘‘codling,’”’ etc. They are often pre-
pared under the trade name of ‘‘boneless fish.” They average from
1} to 2 feet in length and 3 to 8 pounds in weight, and are caught
near muddy bottoms with trawls and hand lines and in weirs and
traps. They are eaten fresh, and are salted and dried, and pickled
in barrels. The’sound, or air bladder, is of great commercial
importance in the manufacture of isinglass. The name is also
applied to the kingfish’( Menticirrhus saxatilis) on the coast of New
Jersey and Delaware. The California hake ( Merluccius productus)
and the New England whiting (Merluccius bilinearis) or ‘‘silver
hake” are true hakes.
Hauwour (Hippoglossus hippoglossus).—The largest and most
valuable of the flat fishes; found in the North Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. It is one of the largest species used for food, sometimes
weighing over 300 pounds. The average weight is from 50 to 75
pounds. It is caught with trawls and hand lines. There are three
grades of halibut. The ‘“‘white,’’ which has its underside immac-
ulate, is considered best and brings the highest price; the “gray”
is blotched on the under side and sells for a third less; the “sour”
is tainted, and brings only about one-fourth ag much as the ‘‘ white.”
Small young fish, weighing from 10 to 20 pounds, are called “‘chick-
ens,’ and are much sought after by epicures. Halibut are sold
fresh and are also cured and smoked. The napes are pickled.
An oil used for currying purposes is made from the head, and the
residue is used as a fertilizer under the name of ‘‘chum.” See
Flounder.
Hauiotis.—See Abalone.
Hawks-BILL TURTLE (Chelonia imbricata).—This turtle is found
on the Atlantic coast south of North Carolina and throughout the
Gulf. It is also called the ‘‘tortoise-shell turtle.’ It reaches a
weight of about 300 pounds. It is of no value for food, but is
caught for the hornlike scales or plates which cover its bony shell,
which form the ‘‘tortoise shell” of commerce. A closely related
species is found on the Pacific coast.
Herrine (Clupea harengus).—A very important food fish found
in the north Atlantic as far south as Sandy Hook; it is never found
in brackish or fresh waters. ‘‘Sperling’’ and ‘‘brit’’ denote differ-
ences in the age of the fish. They weigh from one-half to 1 pound;
average length, 10 inches. They are caught in pounds, traps,
weirs, and gill nets, and by ‘‘torching.’’ As a food fish they are
used fresh, salted, pickled, smoked, and canned; used also exten-
‘sively for bait in the cod, haddock, halibut, and hake fisheries.
The name is also applied to the Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia
patronus) on the Texas coast and to the menhaden (B. tyrannus) in
southern Florida. The hickory shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is
called ‘thread herring” in North Carolina. The “‘big-eyed her-
ring” (Elops sawrus) appears in America north to the Carolinas and
Gulf of California. The California herring (Clupea pailas?) is found
the entire length of the Pacific coast. The Rocky Mountain white-
fish (Coregonus williamsoni) is called ‘‘mountain herring” in Utah.
For ‘“‘lake herring” and ‘‘Michigan herring,” see Cisco; for “branch
herring,” ‘‘big-eyed herring,” “wall-eyed herring,”’ “olut herring,”
“English herring,’ “spring herring,” and ‘‘summer herring,”’ see
Alewife; for ‘‘fall herring,’’ see Mattowacca.
Hoerisa (Lachnolaimus maximus).—A much-esteemed food fish
found about the Florida reefs, where it is caught by line fishermen.
It averages 3 to 5 pounds in weight. The name is also applied to
the log perch (Percina caprodes), to the pigfish (Orthopristis chrysop-
terus), and to the blunt-nosed shiner (Selene vomer).
Hornep pour (Ameiurus nebulosus).—A catfish found in the
fresh waters of the Eastern, Northern, and Southern states, and in
California. Itisalso called “bull-head,”’ ‘‘bull-pout,”’ “minister, a
etc. Itaverages about 12 inches in length and 14 pounds in weight.
HorNEY-HEAD.—A small dace (Hybopsis kentuckiensis), found
abundantly in rivers from New York to Alabama and in the West.
Horssrisa.—See Blunt-nosed shiner. The name is also applied
to the sauger (Stizostedion canadense).
-“black trout,’’ “reef trout,’’ “‘longe,’’ etc.
311
Horseroot.—A local name for the horseshoe crab or king crab.
Horsz-mackeren (Thynnus thynnus).—The largest of the mack-
erel family, found on the Atlantic coast to Newfoundland and on
the California coast to Monterey Bay. Also called “tunny,”’
“tuna,” and ‘“‘albacore.” The average length is about 8 feet. A
good food fish and yields much oil, etc. The name is also applied
to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Rhode Island; to the jurel
(Caranx chrysos) at Fort Macon; to the crevallé (Caranz hippos);
to the California hake (Merluccius productus) on the Pacific coast;
and to several Pacific coast species of little importance.
HorsesHokr crap (Limulus polyphemus).—A crustacean found
on the Atlantic coast in large numbers; also called ‘king crab,”
“horsefoot,”’ etc. It is caught by hand and in pounds and weirs,
and is used for both bait and food, but most extensively for fertiliz-
ing purposes.
Humpsack (Megaptera nodosa).—A whale found in both the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It attains a length of 50 feet. It is
valuable for its oil, but the baleen is short and of poor quality.
HUMPBACKED BUTTERFISH.—See Blunt-nosed shiner.
Jack.—A name applied to the common pickerel (Hsoz reticulatus)
in the South, to the bocaccio (Sebastodes paucispinis) on the Pacific
coast, and to the wall-eyed pike (Stizostedion vitreum) in the South.
Jack-Fisa.—Sve Jurel.
JACK SALMON.—See Wall-eyed pike.
JEWFISH (Stereolepis gigas).—The largest food fish found on the
Pacific coast, sometimes reaching a weight of 500 pounds. It is also
called ‘‘black sea-bass.’’ The name is also applied to the black
grouper (Garrupa nigrita) in Florida and Texas, and to the tarpon
(Tarpon atlanticus) in Georgia and Florida.
JuREL (Caranz chrysos).—A food fish found along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts. It is known about Pensacola as ‘‘jurel” and ‘‘hard-
tail;” along the Florida coast as ‘“‘jack-fish” and “‘skipjack;” in
South Carolina as the ‘‘horse crevallé;’’ at Fort Macon as the ‘‘ horse-
mackerel;’’ and about New York and on the coast of New Jersey as
the ‘tyellow mackerel.’’ They measure from 12 to 18 inches in
length, and are caught in seines.
KGLLER WHALE (Orca orca).—A whale from 15 to 30 feet long that
abounds in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but is seldom
captured. The Makah Indians of Washington consider them choice
food. The jaws, studded with strong, conical teeth, are sold as
curiosities.
Kine cras.—See Horseshoe crab.
Kanerisu (Menticirrhus saxatilis) —A food fish found on the
coasts of the Middle and South Atlantic states, and occasionally on
the Gulf coast. It is called ‘‘hake” in New Jersey, “‘tomcod”’ in
Connecticut, ‘black mullet” in the Chesapeake, ‘‘sea mink’ in
North Carolina, and ‘‘ whiting” in the South. Alsoa common name
for the cero (Scomberomorus cavalia).
KING SALMON.—See Quinnat.
Lapyrisy (Albula vulpes).—A fish of wide distribution in tem-
perate and tropical waters; found on the Atlantic coast as far north
as Cape Cod, in the Gulf of Mexico, and on the Pacific coast to San
Diego. On account of its beautiful color it sells readily, but is not
much esteemed as a table fish.
LAKE HERRING.—Nee Cisco.
LAKE TROUT (Cristivomer namaycush).—The trout found in the
Great Lakes and in the smaller lakes of the Northern states. In
different localities the individuals vary greatly in color, size, and
shape, and are known by the local names ‘‘salmon trout,’’ ‘‘namay-
cush,’”’ “‘togue,’’ ‘“‘tuladi,’’ ‘“‘Mackinaw trout,’’ “lake salmon,’’
The ‘‘siscowet”’ is
another variety of this species.
Lamprey (Petromyzonidx).—A fish of little commercial value,
found in nearly all the fresh and brackish waters of the United
States. It is also known by the names ‘“‘lamper eel,’’ ‘‘nine-eye,”’
etc.
Lant (Ammodytes americanus).—A small fish found on the north
Atlantic coast, probably as far south as Maryland, and -4. personatus
812
in California and Alaska. It is also known as the “‘sand eel” and
“‘sand-lance,’’ because it frequently imbeds itselfin the sand. The
average ]ength is about 10 inches.
‘ Line.—A local name given to the hake ( Urophycis) in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence and south of Cape Cod; to the burbot (Lota maculosa)
in Lake Ontario, the lakes of western New York, and in the New
York market; to the mutton-fish (Zoarces anguiilaris) in different
localities; to the cobia (Rachycentrom canadum) in western Florida;
and to the cultus cod (Ophiodon elongatus) about Puget Sound.
LossteEr (Homarus americanus).—A decapod crustacean of great
economic importance, found on the Atlantic coast from Delaware to
Labrador. Itaverages about 11 inches in length and about 2 pounds
in weight, but the size varies with localities and seasons. It is
caught in pots and traps especially constructed for this fishery.
The ‘‘spiny lobster” of California and Florida is a different
species; it averages 34 pounds in weight.
LoaaEerueEaD ( Thalassochelys caretta).—A turtle of small economic
value, found in the Atlantic as far north as Massachusetts and in the
Gulf of Mexico. It reaches a weight of 1,500 pounds, but those
taken average only about 50 pounds. They are caught by divers.
Only a small number are sold for food, as the flesh is not palatable,
but the eggs are highly esteemed. An inferior quality of oil is
obtained from this turtle.
Lumpr-Fisx (Cyclopterus lumpus).—An unwieldy fish, widely dis-
tributed throughout the north Atlantic, ranging on the coast as far
south as Chesapeake Bay. The average weight is about 5 pounds.
It is of little economic value, but on account of its bright colors is
often found in the markets.
MacxkerEL (Scomber scombrus)—A very important food fish,
found in the north Atlantic south to Cape Hatteras. They range
from 9 to 18 inches in length and 4 to 3 pounds in weight, and are
caught in purse seines, pounds, weirs, gill nets, etc., and with hook
and line. They are sold fresh, salted, pickled, and canned, and are
sometimes used for bait. Small mackerel are known as ‘‘spikes”’
(5 to 6 inches long), ‘‘blinkers” (7 to 8 inches long), and ‘‘tinkers”
(9 inches long). See Atka mackerel, Spanish mackerel, chub
mackerel, horse-mackerel.
MADEMOISELLE.—See Yellowtail.
ManateEz ( Trichechus latirostris).—A sirenian found on the Florida
coast in very small numbers; also called ‘‘sea-cow.’’ They are
from 6 to 8 feet long, and are caught in rope nets and with spears and
javelins. On account of their scarcity they have become very
valuable as specimens. They are also converted into food, oil, and
leather.
Mareate-riso (Hemulon album).—A grunt found in southern
Florida; known also as ‘‘porgy,’’ ‘‘market-fish,’’ etc. The largest
measure about 16 inchesin length. They are caught mostly for bait,
but in some places they are sold for food.
MARKET-FI8H.—See Margate-fish.
MarsHBANKER.—See Menhaden.
Martrowacca (Dorosoma cepedianum).—A poor food fish found on
the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida, ascending rivers. It is
called ‘‘hickory shad” and ‘‘hicks,’’ particularly in the South;
“tailor shad,’’ ‘‘tailor herring,’’ and ‘‘fresh-water tailor” in the
Potomac; and ‘‘forerunner” and ‘‘fall herring” in some rivers, in
allusion to the time of its run and that of the ‘‘white shad.” It
averages 12 to 15 inches in length and 2 to 3 pounds in weight.
Mepiatuna (Medialuna californiensis)—An excellent food fish
found on the California coast south of Point Conception; also called
“‘half-moon.’’
about a foot.
MENHADEN (Brevoortia tyrannus).—A fish of the herring family,
found along the Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Florida, sometimes
as far inland as brackish water extends. It is known by a great
number of local names, the most common being ‘‘pogy,”’ “‘hard-
head,’’ ‘‘hard-head shad,’”’ ‘‘bony fish,’’ ‘‘whitefish,’’ ‘‘moss-
bunker,’’ “bunker,” ‘“‘cheboy,’”’ ‘‘marshbanker,’”’ ‘‘alewife,’’ ‘‘old-
wife,”’ ‘‘ellwife,’’ ‘‘pilcher,”’ ‘‘green-tail,’’ ‘‘bug-fish,’’ ‘“bug-shad,”’
It reaches a weight of 3 or 4 pounds and a length of
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
“‘bug-head,”’ ‘‘fat-back,’”’ ‘tyellowtail,’’ ‘‘shiner,’’ ‘“‘herring,’’ etc.
The average length is 10 to 12 inches; average weight two-thirds
ofa pound tol pound. They arecaught in purseseines, haul seines,
gill nets, set nets, and weirs. They are of economic importance
mainly for the oil and guano which are produced from them; they
are also used as bait for mackerel, cod, halibut, haddock, sea-bass,
etc. Asa food fish they aresold fresh and salted and canned. ‘‘Fish-
meal,” a food for domestic animals, is also made from them. An-
other species (B. patronus) is found on the Gulf coast.
MENOMINEE (Coregonus quadrilateralis).—See Whitefish.
Meruuccio (Merluccius productus).—A poor food fish found on the
Pacific coast from Santa.Barbara northward. It is also called
“‘hake,’’ ‘horse-mackerel,’”’ etc. It averages 5 to 6 pounds in
weight.
MissouRI SUCKER.—See Black horse.
Moon-EYE (Hiodon tergisus).—A beautiful fresh-water food fish
found in the Lake region and in the larger tributaries of the Missis-
sippi. It is also called ‘‘silver bass” and ‘‘toothed herring.” It
weighs from 1 to 2 pounds, and is caught with hook and line and in
dip nets. Also a common name for the cisco (Argyrosomus hoyi) of
Lake Michigan.
Moonrisu (Chetodipterus faber).—A food fish caught on the At-
lantic coast from Woods Hole southward, in the Gulf of Mexico, and
on the California coast. In the northern parts of the Gulf of Mexico
it is called ‘‘spadefish;”’ from Florida to Charleston ‘‘angel-fish;”’
and at Beaufort, N.C., ‘‘porgee” and ‘“‘pogy.”” The average length
is not more than 8 inches. A local name for the blunt-nosed shiner
(Selene vomer) in North Carolina and Florida.
MossBuNKER.—See Menhaden.
Moutet ( Mugil cephalus and M. curema).—Two species of mullet
are found on the Atlantic coast, known as the ‘‘striped mullet” and
the “‘white mullet.’”” The former is the larger and has 8 instead of
9 rays in the anal fin and 42 instead of 38 scales between the gill
openings and base of the caudal fin. The “striped mullet” is found
on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Brazil and on the coast of
southern California, ascending streams; the ‘‘white mullet,”’ from
Cape Cod southward. Local names are ‘“‘bluefish mummichog,”’
‘Jumping mullet,’ ‘‘sand mullet,’’ fat-back,’’ ‘‘silver mullet,’’
“big-eyed mullet,’ ‘“‘blue-back mullet,” ‘‘liza,’’ or ‘‘josea.’’
M. cephalus is the most important of all the food fishes of the South,
and greatly surpasses M. curema both in numbers and in economic
importance. It averages about 1 foot in length and 1 pound in,
weight, but sometimes reaches a weight of 4 to 5 pounds and a
length of 24 inches. It is caught in haul seines, gill nets, cast nets,
pound nets, etc., and is sold fresh and salted; the roe is also very
valuable food, and is sold fresh, salted, smoked, and dried.
For ‘‘black mullet,’’ see King-fish; for ‘‘ground mullet,”’ see
Whiting. Many suckers of the genus Mozostoma are called ‘‘mul-
let,’”’ ‘“‘white mullet,’’ ‘“‘sucking mullet,”’ etc.
Mummicuoe (Peciliide).—These fish are found in the brackish
waters along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts, near the mouths
of rivers, and in many of the fresh-water streams and lakes. Along
the eastern coast they are known as ‘‘mayfish,”’ ‘‘killifish,’’ and
“fundalus;’’ on the Gulf as ‘‘sac-a-lait;’? and in the interior as
“‘minnows.’’ They are all small fish, rarely exceeding 4 inches in
length. They are not commonly used for food, but are of much
importance as food for larger fish and for bait.
MuSKALLUNGE (Esox masquinongy).—A rare food fish found in the
Great Lakes and Northwest, sometimes appearing in the Ohio. The
average length is about 6 feet; average weight, 40 pounds. It is
caught in pound nets, with hook and line, and by trawling. Another
species (E. ohiensis) is abundant in Chautauqua Lake.
MousseEt (Mytilus edulis).—A black, thin-shelled, salt-water mol-
lusk, found on the Atlantic coast as far south as North Carolina and
on the Pacific coast to Monterey. They are not used extensively
for food, but in New York they are pickled and sold toa local trade.
The shells are used as a cultch for young oysters, for paint holders,
and for ornaments. Large quantities of another genus ( Modiola) are
APPENDIX.
8old to farmers along the New Jersey and Long Island coasts for
fertilizer trade. The fresh-water mussels ( Unionidex) are of much
value as food for mammals and birds. The shells are used in mak-
ing pearl buttons.
Mutron-risx (Zoarces anguillaris).—A food fish found on the At-
lantic coast from Delaware to Labrador. It is also called the “‘eel-
pout,’’ ‘‘mother-of-eels,”’ ‘‘congo eel,” “ling,” and ‘‘lamper eel.”
It reaches a length of about 20 inches and a weight of 3 pounds.
The name is also given to the snapper (Lutianus analis) of Florida.
Namaycusu.—See Lake trout.
Nanninose.—See Clam.
Narwuau (Monodon monoceros).—A dolphin found elong the
northern coast of Alaska and in the Arctic Ocean; also known as the
‘unicorn.’ It is 10 to 14 feet long, and bears a tusk 9 feet long.
It is captured for its tusks, oil, and flesh.
Norway Happocx.—See Rosefish.
Ocrorus.—See Cuttle-fish.
Oupwire.—See Menhaden.
Osweco Bass.—See Black bass.
Orrer (Mustelidx).—The fresh-water otter (Lutra canadensis) is
widely distributed over the United States. The sea-otter (Enhy-
dris marina), highly prized for its skin, is found in the North Pa-
cific. Both are rare.
OystTER (Ostrea virginica).—The most important bivalve found on
the coast. There are two classes, ‘‘native” and ‘‘plants.’’ The
former are found on the entire coast; the latter in localities where
the cultivation of the oyster is particularly profitable. Oysters are
obtained by dredging, raking, and tonging, and are very extensively
used in the canning industry. The shells are used in manufacturing
lime and cement and for building highways. Native oysters will
open about 1 gallon to the bushel; plants do somewhat better.
Oysters are graded as ‘‘extras,’’ ‘‘boxes,’’ ‘‘culls,’’ and ‘‘cullin-
teens,’’ according to age, the ‘‘cullinteens” being the youngest.
Pappue-risH (Polyodon spathula).—A ganoid fish, allied to the~
sturgeon, found in all the larger streams of the Mississippi Valley.
It reaches a length of 3 or 4 feet. It is a poor food fish, but the roe
is extensively used for caviar. Local names are ‘‘spoonbill,”’
“duckbill cat,’’ and ‘‘shovelfish.”’
PEARL OYSTER.—An oyster found on the California coast and in
the Gulf of California. The shells are used in manufacturing
various useful and beautiful articles.
Percu (Perca flavescens).—This fish, the true perch, is found
throughout the Great Lakes region and the rivers of New England
and the states east of the Alleghenies as far south as Georgia.
“Yellow perch” and ‘‘ringed perch” are names in common use;
“striped perch” is used at Lake Vincent. Its usual length is
about 1 foot and its weight generally less than 2 pounds. It is of
moderate value as a food fish, and is caught with hook and line and
in pound nets and gill nets.
The name “perch” is also given to the large-mouth black bass
(Micropterus salmoides) and to the small-mouth black bass (i.
dolomieu) in the Southern states; to the chogset (Tautogolabrus
adspersus) in localities in Massachusetts; to the fresh-water drum
(Aplodinotus grunniens) in the Ohio River; and to the surf-fishes
(Embiotocide) on the Pacific coast. “Black perch” is applied to
the triple-tail (Lobotes surinamensis) in South Carolina, and to the
blue surf-fish (Embiotoca jacksoni) on the Pacific coast. “Chin-
quapin perch” is applied to the crappie (Pomozis annularis) in the
lower Mississippi; ‘gray perch” to the fresh-water drum (Aplodi-
notus grunniens) in the Ohio River; “‘log perch” to a darter (Percina
caprodes); ‘‘pike perch” to the wall-eyed pike (Stizostedion vitreum);
“red perch” to the rosefish (Sebastes marinus) on the coast of Maine
“ringed perch” to the perch (Perca flavescens); ‘river perch” to °
surf-fish (Hysterocarpus traski) of California; ‘‘Sacramento perch
to a sunfish (Archoplites interruptus) of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin Rivers; “silver perch” to the yellowtail (Bairdiella chry-
sura) in New Jersey; ‘‘striped perch” to the perch (Perca flavescens)
“yellow pickerel” about Lake Erie.
313
at Lake Vincent; ‘‘white perch” to a surf-fish (Phanerodon furcatus)
on the California coast; to a bass ( Morone americana) on the Atlantic
coast; to the fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in the Ohio
River; and ‘yellow perch” to the perch (Perca flavescens).
PERIWINKLE.—A common name for the sea snail (Littorina) and
whelk (Fulga), which are used for bait and sometimes for food on
the north Atlantic coast. It also constitutes a large portion of the
food supply of various fishes.
PICKEREL (Esox reticulatus).—A food fish found in streams and
ponds along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Alabama. In the
Southern states it is usually called ‘‘jack.”” It reaches a weight of
7 or 8 pounds; averages about half as much.
The name “‘pickerel” is also applied to the true pike (Esor
lucius) in the upper lakes; to the ‘‘wall-eyed pike” (Stizostedion
vitreum) in Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay; and to the sauger (Stizos-
tedion canadense). The wall-eyed pike (S. vitrewm) is also called
The brook pickerels (£.
americanus and E. vermiculatus) are found, respectively, along the
Atlantic coast and in the Mississippi Valley. ‘‘Salt pickerel” and
‘medium pickerel” are trade names.
PigFisH.—A name applied to the genus Orthopristis of the family
of grunts, found on the southern coast.
Pixs (sox lucius).—A food fish found in the Great Lakes region;
also called ‘‘pickerel.’’ It is distinguished from allied species by its
color, which is uniform brown, green, or black, with numerous elon-
gate white blotches upon the sides. Itaverages 4 to 8 pounds in
weight. They are caught with hook and line and in gill nets and
pound nets. The name ‘‘pike” is also applied to the wall-eyed
pike or pike perch (Stizostedion vitreum) in the upper lakes, and to
the Sacramento pike (Ptychochetlus oregonensis) in the Columbia and
Sacramento Rivers. ‘‘Gray pike,’’ ‘‘sand pike,’’ ‘‘ground pike,”’’
etc., are names for the sauger (Stizostedion canadense).
PIKE PERCHES (Stizostedion vitreum and S. canadense).—The
‘‘wall-eyed pike” (S. vitreum) otherwise known as ‘“‘glass-eye,’’
‘‘pike perch,”’ ‘‘yellow pike,”’ “‘dory,’’ and ‘‘blue pike” on the Great
Lakes; as ‘‘salmon,’’ “‘jack,’’ ‘‘okow,’’ ‘‘blowfish,’’ and “green
pike” in other localities. Itis found in the large streams and ponds
east of the Missouri; it is an excellent food fish and may reach a
weight of 20 pounds. The sauger or sand-perch (S. canadense) is
smaller and less important as a food fish. It is especially abundant
in the Great Lakes, but extends to Montana, Tennessee, and
Arkansas.
Pruot-risH (Naucrates ductor).—A pelagic fish of no economic
importance, and seldom taken on our coast. It is about 12 inches
long, and is generally found in the company of ships and sharks.
Pinrisa.—See Sailor’s choice.
Pruatce.—A flat fish found on both coasts of America. The win-
ter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) is a common food fish
of New England. Other species are known as ‘‘rusty-dab,”’ ‘‘eel-
pack flounder,’ ‘‘craig-fluke,’’ ‘‘pole-flounder,’’ ‘‘flukes” on the
Atlantic coast; as ‘‘great starry flounder,”’ ‘‘slippery sole,’’ etc.,
on the Pacific coast. See Flounder. The true plaice (Pleuronectes
platessa) is a European species not found in American waters.
Pocy.—A name applied to the menhaden (Brevoortia) tyrannus
north of Cape Cod, to the moonfish (Chxtodipterus faber) and the
scup (Stenotomus chrysops) along the southern coast, and to the
surf-fish (Damalichthys argyrosomus) on the coast of Oregon.
Potack (Pollachius virens).—A food fish of importance, found
mainly off the New England coast. It sometimes occurs as far south
as Virginia. The average weight is about 10 pounds. They are
caught with seines, nets, and hand lines. For food they are sold
fresh, salted, and dried. The sounds are used in the manufacture
of glue, the livers are sold in large quantities for the manufacture of
oil, and the tongues are cut out and sold fresh.
Pompano, or Pampano (Trachinotus carolinus).—An excellent
food fish, found on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to the Gulf,
being very common on the Florida coasts. They average 8 to 10
314
inches in length and 1 to 2 pounds in weight. Other species found
on our eastern coast are the ‘‘old-wife,’’ or ‘‘gaff-topsail pompano;”
the ‘‘round pompano,”’ or ‘‘Indian River permit;” the ‘‘ permit”
or ‘‘great pompano, ” which is frequently not distinguished from the
“common pompano” (7. carolinus) by the fishermen. The poppy-
fish (Palometa simillima) is miscalled the ‘‘California pompano.”
It is a delicate food fish.
PorceExr, or Porcy.—A name given to the surf-fish (Damalichthys
argyrosomus) in Oregon and Washington; to the moonfish (Chztodip-
terus faber) at Beaufort, N. C.; to the scup (Stenotomus chrysops) in
New York and along the southern coast; to the sailor’s choice (Lago-
don rhomboides) in the St. Johns River and at Cedar Keys; and to
several sparoids of the Gulf.
Pork-FrisH (Anisotremus virginicus).—See Grunt.
Porpoiss (Phocena communis).—A cetacean found on the north
Atlantic and north Pacific coasts, ascending rivers. It is known as
“harbor porpoise,’’ ‘‘herring-hog,’’ ‘‘puffer,’’ ‘‘snuffer,’’ ‘‘snuffing
pig,’’ etc. It reaches a length of 4 or 5 feet. They are captured in
pounds, seines, and mackerel gill nets. They are not used for food,
but an oil is obtained from their jaws which is much used for me-
chanical purposes. The skin is tanned and madeintoleather. The
name is also applied rather indiscriminately to many dolphins.
Prawn.—See Shrimp.
PuMPKIN-SEED.—A name applied to the sunfish (Hupomotis gib-
bosus) of the brooks of New York and New England, and to the
butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus) in Connecticut.
QuaHAuG ( Venus mercenaria).—An edible clam, found very abun-
dantly from Cape Cod to Florida. It is also called “‘hard clam,’’
“round clam,”’ ‘‘bull-nose,’’ ‘‘little neck,’’ etc. They are gathered
by raking.
QUEEN-FISH (Seriphus politus)—A small food fish of excellent
quality found on the Pacific coast south of Tomales Bay. It is also
called ‘‘kingfish.’’ The average weight is about half a pound.
Quiti-pack.—A sucker (Ictiobus velifer) found abundantly in the
Mississippi Valley.
Quinnat (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).—The species of the salmon
family mostly used for canning. It is found on the Pacific coast
from Monterey northward. It is also called ‘‘chinook salmon,’
“king salmon,”’ ‘‘Columbia River salmon,’’ ‘‘salmon,”’ etc. The
average weight is 16 to 22 pounds.
Racer.—A shad that has spawned and is lean and worthless.
Ray (Raix).—A general name given to a large group of fishes found
on all our coasts. They are also called ‘skates,’ ‘‘torpedoes,”’
‘‘devil-fishes,’”’ etc. They sometimes attain an enormous size,
measuring 3 feet across the back and 10 feet in length. They are
caught on trawls and in seines, and some are used for food; oil is
obtained from the livers of some, and the skin is sometimes manufac-
tured into leather called ‘‘shagreen.’’
Razor-SHELL (£nsis directus).—A long, slender clam which is a
common inhabitant of sand bars and sand flats in New England
where the water is pure. It is also called ‘‘razor-fish,’’ ‘trazor-
clam,’’ ‘‘knife-handle,’’ etc. Itis sometimes used for food, and its
shells are sold for ornaments. The California razor-shell is a differ-
ent species (Solen sicarius).
Rep prum.—the redfish (Sciewnops ocellatus).
“‘channel-bass.”’
Rep-syve.—Sce Rock bass and Warmouth.
Reprin.—A name applied to the common shiner (Notropis cor
nutus).
ReprisH (Sciznops ocellatus).—1. A much-esteemed food fish
found on the coast from Cape Cod to the Rio Grande. It is com-
monly known as the “‘red drum.’’ In Chesapeake Bay and south
to Cape Hatteras it is called the ‘‘drum;” in the Carolinas, Florida,
and the Gulf, ‘‘bass,’’ ‘‘spotted bass,’’ “‘red bass,’’ ‘‘sea bass,’
“‘reef bass,’’? and “‘channel bass;” in Florida and the Gulf states,
“redfish” and ‘‘red horse;” and at various places, “‘spot.”’ It grows
to a length of 5 feet or more and a weight of 75 pounds; average
weight, 10 pounds. They are taken with spears, gill nets, and
bottom lines.
Also known as
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
2. The redfish of California (Pimelometopon pulcher) is found from
Point Conception to Cerros Island. It isalso called ‘‘fat-head” and
‘‘sheepshead.’’ It reaches a weight of 12 to 15 pounds, but is nota
valuable food fish.
3. The blueback salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is also called ‘‘red-
fish” in the upper Columbia and in Alaska.
4. The redfish (Sebdastodes melanops). A food fish found from
southeastern Alaska to California. It is also known as ‘‘red cod,’’
‘red rockfish,’’ etc. See Rockfish.
Rep Horse.—1l. A name applied to several species of suckers
found in the waters of the West and South. They are all poor food
fishes.
2. The redfish (Scixnops ocellatus) of Florida and the Gulf.
RED SNAPPER (Lutianus aya).—A valuable food fish found off the
Florida coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. It attains a weight of 40
pounds, but averages only about half as much. It is caught with
hand lines, and is sold fresh.
Roacg (Semotilus corporalis).—The largest chub found east of the
Rocky Mountains. It is abundant in the streams of the New Eng-
land and Middle states east of the Alleghenies. Also called ‘‘fall-
fish,’’ ‘‘chub,’’ “dace,’’ etc. Itreachesa length of 18 inches, but is
of no special importance as a food fish. A local name for the spot
(Leiostomus xanthurus) in the Chesapeake region.
Roxsin.—A name applied to the sailor’s choice (Lagodon rhom-
boides) about Cape Hatteras.
Rockx.—See Striped bass.
Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris).—A small food fish everywhere
abundant in lakes, ponds, and larger streams throughout the Great
Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley. It is called ‘‘rock bass”
in the Lake region and ‘‘gogegle-eye” and ‘‘red-eye” farther south.
It seldom exceeds 13 pounds in weight. The name is also given to
the sea bass (Centropistes striatus) at New Bedford, Mass., and to
several other serranoid fishes of the Pacific coast.
Rock cop.—See Rockfish.
RocgrrisH (Scorpenidx).—These fish are caught in enormous
quantities on the Pacific coast, especially from Santa Barbara to
San Francisco. There are a large number of species, known to the
fishermen as ‘‘priest fish,’”’ ‘‘rock cod,’’ and ‘‘rockfish,’’ with many
ualifyin refixes, as ‘‘black,’’ ‘‘black-banded,’’ ‘‘brown,’’
q ying Pp ) ’ , :
‘“‘orass,’? “green,’’ “‘orange,’’ “‘red,’’ ‘‘yellow,’’ ‘“‘yellow-backed,”’
‘‘yellowtail,’’ etc.; also called ‘‘garrupa,”’ ‘‘grouper,’’ ‘“‘scorpene,’’
“sculpin,’’ ‘‘scorpion,”’ ‘‘tree-fish,’’ ‘‘flyfish,’”’ “‘corsair,’’ ‘‘Spanish
flag,’’ ‘‘reina,’’ “black bass,”’ ‘‘jack,’’ “‘tomcod,”’ ‘‘boccaccio,”’ ete.
They average 15 inches in length and 2 or 3 pounds in weight, but
some reach a length of 3 feet and a weight of 12 pounds. They are
caught in seines and with hook and line. The name is also applied
to the striped bass (Roccus lineatus) along the Atlantic coast; to the
groupers (Epinephelus) about Key West and in the Gulf of Mexico;
to the log perch (Percina caprodes).
Rock trout (Hexagrammos).—A group of fishes of considerable
importance on the Pacific coast. They are the true greenlings.
The different species are known as ‘‘sea trout,’’ ‘‘starling,’’ ‘“‘bore-
gata,’’ “‘bodieron,”’ ‘‘red rock trout,’’ etc. The size varies greatly,
the average being 18 inches long and 24 pounds in weight.
Roncapor (Roncador stearnsi).—A food fish of excellent quality,
found from Santa Barbara southward; also called ‘‘croaker.’? It
reaches a length of over 2 feet and a weight of 6 to 8 pounds. Re-
lated species are known as ‘‘red roncador,’’ “‘little roncador,”?
“‘vellow-finned roncador,’’ etc.
RoserisH (Sebastes marinus).—A brilliantly colored fish found off
the north Atlantic coast as far south as New York. It is also called
“red perch,” ‘redfish,’ ‘‘Norway haddock,” ‘‘snapper,’’ ‘‘hem-
durgan,’’ ‘“‘bream,’’ etc. The average length is about 12 inches;
average weight, 1} pounds. It is caught on trawl lines.
RounpD ROBIN (Decapterus punctatus).—A food fish found along
the coast from the Gulf to Woods Hole. It is also called ‘‘cigar-
fish” and ‘‘scad.’’ It reaches a length of 12 inches.
Rupper-risa (Kyphosus sectatriz).—A small fish abundant about
Key West. The banded rudder-fish (Seriola zonata) is found from
Cape Cod to Florida.
APPENDIX.
Runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus)—A food fish abundant on the
western and southern coasts of Florida. Itisalso called “‘skipjack,”’
“yellowtail,” and ‘“‘shoemaker.’’ It reaches a length of 23 feet.
Sacramento percn (Archoplites interruptus).—A sunfish of the
Sacramento and an excellent food fish.
Sacramento Pike (Ptycochelius oregonensis and P. grandis) —A
chub of the Sacramento and Columbia. It is also known as “big-
mouth,” ‘‘box-head,”’ ‘‘yellow-belly,”” “‘chappaul,”’ and “squaw-
fish.”? It reaches a length of 5 feet or more.
SarBiine (Salvelinus aureolus)—The Sunapee trout of Maine and
New Hampshire.
SaILor’s cHoIce (Lagodon rhomboides).—A food fish found on the
Atlantic coast south of Cape Hatteras and in the Gulf. It is also
called “robin,” ‘‘pinfish,’”? ‘‘salt-water bream,’”’ “squirrel-fish,’’
“porgy,”’ “‘scup,”’ ‘‘yellowtail,”’ “shiner,” ‘“‘chopa spina,” etc. It
averages about 10 inches in length and 6 ounces in weight, and is
caught with hook and line and in cast nets and seines The name
is also applied to the pigfish (Orthopristis chrysopterus) in South
Carolina.
Satmon (Salmo salar).—This is the salmon of the Atlantic coast.
It is found along the coast of the New England states. At differ-
ent ages the fish are known as “‘parrs,” ‘“‘smolts,’’ ‘“‘grilse,”’
“‘kelts,” and ‘‘salmon.’’? The adults weigh from 15 to 40 pounds.
They are caught with nets, seines, and hand lines, and by spearing.
The landlocked salmon, or fresh-water salmon, or Sebago salmon
(S. sebago), is found in fresh waters, generally landlocked.
The blueback salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is found on the Pacific
coast from the Columbia River northward. The California salmon,
or chinook salmon, or quinnat (O. tschawytscha), is found from
Monterey to Alaska. The dog salmon (0. keta) ranges from the Sac-
ramento River to Bering Strait. The humpbacked salmon, or
lost salmon (O. gorbuscha), ranges from the Sacramento River to
Alaska. The silver salmon, or white salmon (0. kisutch), is found in
all rivers from the Sacramento River to Bering Strait.
The California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) is also known as the
‘‘white salmon” on the Pacific coast, as is also the chub (Ptychoch-
eilus lucius) of the Colorado River. The name ‘‘kelp salmon” is
applied to the cabrilla (Paralabrax clathratus) at Monterey; ‘‘lake
salmon,”’ to the lake trout (Cristivomer namaycush) in the lakes of
northern New York; and ‘‘salmon” and ‘‘jack salmon,’’ to the
‘“‘wall-eyed pike” (Stizostedion vitrewm) in the streams of the South.
See Trout.
SarDINE.—The California sardine (Sardinia cerulea). The name
ig erroneously applied to various other small fishes of the herring
family, and is also given to canned herring prepared after the man-
ner of the French sardines.
SaucER (Stizostedion canadense).—This fish is found in the Great
Lakes region, and in the upper Mississippi, upper Missouri, and Ohio
Rivers. It is known locally as the ‘‘gray pike,’’ ‘‘sand pike,”’
“round pike,”’ ‘‘pickering,’”’ ‘‘pickerel,”’ ‘‘horsefish,’’ etc. It isa
small fish, not exceeding 18 inches in length. See Pike perches.
Scatiop(Pecten irradians).—An edible bivalve found off the coasts
of Long Island, Rhode Island, and southern Massachusetts in pay-
ing quantities; less numerous South. It is obtained by dredging
and raking. The powerful central muscle by which the animal
opens and closes its shell forms the edible portion. The shells are
of commercial value. The rims or refuse are used for fertilizers.
Scunpm (Cottide).—Several species of sculpin are found on the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts and in inland waters, but none are of
particular value as food fish. Those on the Atlantic are called
“grubby,” ‘‘puffing-grubby,” ‘daddy sculpin,’”’ ‘‘bull-head,
“sea-robin,’”’ ‘“‘sea toad,”’ ‘‘pigfish,’’ ‘‘sea-raven,’’ etc.; those on the
Pacific, ‘‘drummer,”’ “‘salpa,” ‘‘johnny,”’ ‘‘biggy-head,”’ ‘‘cabe-
zon,” etc.; and those in the lakes and streams of the Northern states,
“pull-heads,’”? ‘miller’s thumb,” ‘‘goblins,’’ ‘‘blobs,”’ ““muffle-
jaws,”’ etc. Most of the species are of small size. ;
Scur (Stenotomus chrysops).—This fish is found along the Atlantic
coast from Cape Cod to South Carolina; abundant North. Common
815
local names are ‘‘scuppaug,’”’ ‘‘paugy,”’ ‘‘porgy,”’ “pogy,”’ ‘‘fair
maid,’’ etc. They are caught in pounds and traps and with hook
and line.
SEa Bass (Centropristes striatus).—A food fish found from Vine-
yard Sound to the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. It is known
south of Cape Hatteras as the ‘‘blackfish;” in the Middle states as
“black Will,”’ ‘‘black Harry,’’ and ‘‘hannahills;” about New Bed-
ford and Newport as ‘‘bluefish;”” and at New Bedford also as ‘‘rock
bass.’’ The average length in New England is about 15 inches;
average weight, 1} pounds. Jn the South they are much smaller,
averaging about three-fourths of a pound in weight. They are
caught with hand lines and in pounds and traps. The white sea-
bass (Cynoscion nobilis) is found on the Pacific coast from Cape
Mendocino to San Diego. It isan important food fish, and averages
15 pounds in weight. The redfish (Scienops ocellata) is called ‘‘sea
bass” in the Carolinas, Florida, and the Gulf.
SEA-ELEPHANT (Jfirounga angustirostris).—A marine mammal,
12 to 14 feet long, found on the Pacific coast. The oil is of com-
mercial value, and the tongues are sometimes salted and used for food.
SEA HERRING.—The common herring (Clupea harengus) of the
north Atlantic.
SEA-HORSE (Hippocampus hudsonius and H. ingens).—A curious
fish found on the eastern coast south of Cape Cod and on the Pacific
coast. Few specimens are taken, and they are sold for curiosities.
SEAL (Pinnipedia).—The seal tribe embraces the walrus, eared
seals, and earless seals. They are found in the northern part of the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceansand in the Arctic Ocean. They are cap-
tured for their oil, skins, and flesh. The fur-seal fishery is the most
important. See Fur seal.
SEA-LION (Lumetopias jubata).—A seal found on the Pacific coast
from the Farallone Islands to the Pribilof Islands. The males are
about 15 feet long, and weigh about 1,000 pounds; the females are
about half as large as the males. They are killed with guns and
lances, and are used by the natives for food, oil, leather, etc. The
California sea-lion (Zalophus californianus) is found on the Cali-
fornia coast from San Diego to San Francisco.
Sea ROBIN (Prionotus carolinus).—This fish is found along the
eastern coast south of Cape Cod. They are also called ‘‘gurnards,”’
“‘wing-fish,”’ ‘‘sea bat,’’ etc. They attain a length of 15 to 18 inches
and a weight of about a pound. The name is also applied to the
toadfish (Opsanus tau) in the Gulf.
Sea sHAD.—Small immature shad that feed about bays and the
mouths of rivers during the summer after the ascent of the main
body of breeders.
SEA SNAILS (Gasteropoda).—An asymmetrical mollusk bearing a
single shell. They are found on all our coasts, and are known as
“‘periwinkles,’’ ‘‘whelks,’’ ‘‘wilks,’’ ‘‘winkles,’’ ‘wrinkles,’
“conchs,’”’ ‘‘drills,’’? ‘‘borers,’’ ‘‘helmet-shells,’’ ‘‘abalones,’’
‘‘ormer-shells,’’ ‘‘sea-ears,’’ ‘‘limpets,’’? ‘‘wood-lice,’”’ ‘‘lobster
tails,’ ‘‘sea-bugs,’’ etc. They are not extensively used for food in
this country, but are used for bait in numerous fisheries.
SEA TROUT.—A name given to the white sea-bass (Cynoscion
nobilis) on the Pacific coast; to the white trout (Cynoscion nothus)
along the southern coast; to the spotted rock trout or greenling
(Hexagrammos decagrammus) south of San Francisco; and to the
squeteague (Cynoscion regalis) on the Atlantic coast. It is also a
trade name for sea herring.
SEEKoNKs.—Oysters (mainly seed) growing in the Seekonk River,
Rhode Island.
SERGEANT-FISH.—See Cobia.
Swap (Alosa sapidissima).—A very important food fish found on
all the coasts and in some inland waters; the great fisheries are in the
rivers of the Atlantic slope. It is called ‘twhite shad,’’ in distinc-
tion from other ‘‘shad.’’ The average weight is about 4 pounds;
average length about 2 feet. It is caught in nets, seines, and weirs,
and is sold fresh, cured, and pickled.
The names ‘‘mud shad,”’ ‘‘gizzard shad,’’ ‘“‘ winter shad,’’ ‘stink
shad,”’ ‘‘hickory shad,’’ and ‘‘white-eyed shad” apply to a different
316
species (Dorosoma cepedianum).
head shad” about Cape Ann, ‘‘bug shad” in Virginia, and ‘‘yellow-
tail shad” from North Carolina to Florida.
Ssarks (Notidani).—Numerous species of sharks are found on the
Atlantic and the Pacific coasts. They are sometimes called ‘‘dog-
fish,’’ ‘‘angel-fish,’’ ‘‘porbeagle,’’ ‘‘swingle-tail,’’ ‘‘bonnet-head,’”’
‘‘hammer-head,’”’ etc. They are captured with hook and line and
with harpoons; sometimes they are taken in nets set for other fish.
Sharks are valuable for their livers, from which oil is extracted;
their bodies are used mainly for fertilizing purposes.
SHEEPSHEAD (Archosargus probatocephalus).—A choice food fish
caught off the eastern coast of the United States from Cape Cod to
Texas. The weight varies from 2 to 12 pounds, according to locality;
the average size isabout 4 pounds. They are caught with hand lines,
seines, and nets, and by spearing. The name is also applied to the
butter-fish (Poronotus triacanthus) about Cape Cod, to the fresh-
water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in the Great Lakes, and to the
redfish (Pimelometopon pulcher) south of Point Conception, Cali-
fornia.
SHEEPSWOOL.—The highest grade of Florida commercial sponges.
SHiner.—A common name applied to the redfin (Notropis cornu-
tus) from New England to Kansas and Alabama; to the menhaden
(Brevooriva tyrannus) in southern Florida; to some of the surf-fishes
(Embiotocidx) on the Pacific coast; and to the sailor’s choice (Lago-
don rhomboides) about Cedar Keys. The blunt-nosed shiner (Selene
vomer) is so called about New York and Narragansett Bay. The
golden shiner (Abramis chrysoleucus) is found in the rivers east of
the Great Plains.
Surmp.—A decapod crustacean found in large numbers on all
our coasts and in many inland waters. The usual length is about 2
inches, but some attain a larger size. They are caught in dip nets,
purse nets, etc., and are used for food and bait. Prawns are gener-
ally larger than shrimps, often attaining a length of 7 inches.
SitverrFisH.—See Tarpon.
Sinver HAKE (Merluccius bilinearis) —This fish is found on the
Atlantic coast north of Virginia. It is also called ‘‘New England
whiting.’”’ Theaveragelengthislfoot. Itis caught in weirs, nets,
and with hand lines, and is used for food and bait.
SILVERSIDES (Atherinidx).—A small food fish, found along the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Different species are known as ‘‘sand
smelt,’ ‘‘green smelt,’’ ‘‘anchovy,”’ ‘‘merit-fish,’’ ‘‘sardine,”’
“California smelt,’’ ‘‘little smelt,”’ ‘‘brit,’’ etc. They range from
7 to 18 inches in length and are caught in seines.
SrreniANS.—Large marine mammals, more or less fishlike in form,
such as manatees, sea-cows, etc.; found in warm seas.
SiscoweEt.—See Lake trout.
Sxate.—See Ray.
Sxrrisx (Anoplopoma jimbria).—A common food fish from Una-
laska to Monterey. It is also known as ‘‘beshow,”’ ‘‘coalfish,”’ and
“black cod.”
Sxrrsack.—A local name applied to the skipper (Scombresozr
saurus) along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; to the inland alewife
(Pomolobus chrysochloris) in the Mississippi Valley from the Great
Lakes to the Gulf; to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatriz) south of
Cape Hatteras; to the bonito (Sarda chilensis) on the Pacific coast;
to the runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus) about Key West; to the butter-
fish (Poronotus triacanthus) about Cape Cod; to the cutlass-fish
(Trichiurus lepturus); to the jurel (Caranz chrysos) along the east
Florida coast; and to the leather jacket (Oligoplites saurus) on the
Atlantic coast.
SKIP MACKEREL.—A name applied to the bluefish about New York.
Smet (Osmerus mordax).—A very choice food fish found on the
Atlantic coast from Virginia to the St. Lawrence and landlocked in
many New England lakes. Also called “‘American smelt” and
“frostfish.’’ When sent to market unfrozen they are known as
“oreen” smelts. The average length is 8 to 10 inches. The Pacific
smelt (O. thaleichthys) is found from San Francisco to Alaska. The
surf smelt (Mesopus pretiosus) is found from Monterey to Alaska.
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
The menhaden is called ‘‘hard- [
The eulachon or candlefish ( Thaleichthys pacificus) is an excellent
food fish found from the Columbia River to Skagway, where it is
called “‘smelt.’’ Some of the silversides (Atherinidx) are wrongly
called ‘‘smelts;’’ this is especially true of Atherinopsts californiensis,
which is widely known as ‘‘smelt,’’ ‘‘blue smelt,’”’ and ‘‘California
smelt.’
Smott.—A name applied to an immature salmon when it has
become a uniform bright silvery color.
Snappers (Lutianide).—The red snapper (Lutianus aya) is the
most important of these fishes. Itisa large fish, bright red in color,
and is found from Long Island southward, but is most abundant on
the coasts of Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf states. The gray snap-
per or mangrove snapper (L. griseus), also known in Florida as ‘‘law-
yer,’’ is a most common species. The mutton snapper (L. analis),
the dog snapper, or jocu (L. jocu), the schoolmaster, or caji (L.
apodus), the silk snapper (L. vivanus), the lane snapper (L. synagris),
are all fishes of food value common in the West Indies and southern
Florida.
The red grouper (Ephinephelus morio) is called ‘‘brown snapper”
and ‘‘red-bellied snapper” in Florida; the rosefish (Sebastes mar-
inus) is called ‘‘snapper” on the North Atlantic coast; the bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatriz) is called ‘‘snapper” and ‘‘blue snapper” on
the New England coast; and the cod that live near the shore away
from the ledges are called ‘‘black snappers.”’
Sore (Soleide).—The American sole, or hog-choker (Achirus fas-
ciatus) is common from Boston to Galveston. See Flounder.
SpaDEFIsH.—See Moonfish.
SPANISH MACKEREL (Scomberomorus maculatus).—A very choice
food fish found on the Atlantic coast south of Cape Cod and in the
eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The average length is about 20
inches; average weight about 3 pounds. In California the Monterey
Spanish mackerel (8. concolor) is a most excellent food fish. They
are caught on troll lines and in gill nets and pound nets.
The cavalla (S. cavalla) is a West Indian species, but often taken
in small numbers on the southern New England coast. It is also
known as ‘‘kingfish.’”’” The name ‘‘cero” is often applied to the
Spanish mackerel.
SPECKLED TROUT (Salvelinus fontinalis)—An excellent food fish
found in cold lakes and streams of the Atlantic watershed, in the
headwaters of the Mississippi, and in the Great Lakes region. It is
the American ‘‘brook trout.’’ The varieties differ much in size and
appearance in different regions. It is our gamiest fish, and is gener-
ally caught with hook and line.
The rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) of California and the Dolly
Varden trout (Salvelinus malma) of the mountains are sometimes
known as ‘‘speckled trout.”’
SPERM WHALE (Physeter macrocephalus).—One of the most valu-
able of the whales; found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
It is also called ‘‘cachelot.’’ The males reach a length of 70 feet, the
females much less. They are captured for their oil and spermaceti.
An intestinal substance called ‘‘ambergris” is also very valuable.
Sponce.—The sponge of commerce is found off the Florida coast.
The grades generally rank sheepswool, yellow, velvet, grass, and
glove; but different men in the business grade them differently.
Sror (Letostomus xanthurus).—A food fish found along the coast
from Cape Cod to Texas. It is called ‘‘goody” in New Jersey,
“roach” in the Chesapeake, ‘‘chub” at Charleston, S. C.,‘‘masooka’’
on the St. Johns, ‘‘chopa blanca” at Pensacola, ‘‘ Lafayette”, etc.
It is about 6 inches long, and is taken with hook and line and in gill
nets.
Sprat.—l. A local New England name for the young alewife.
2. See Alfione.
SQUETEAGUE (Cynoscion regalis).—An excellent food fish found in
abundance along the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida. Itis
known as ‘‘drummer” about Cape Cod; ‘‘yellowfin” about Buz-
zards Bay; ‘‘weakfish” in New York and New Jersey; ‘‘bluefish” in
Delaware and Virginia; ‘‘gray trout,”’ ‘sun trout,’ “‘shad trout,’’
‘sea trout,’’ and ‘‘salt-water trout” in the Middle and South Atlan-
APPENDIX.
tic states; and ‘“‘squeteague,”’ “‘squit,”’ “chickwit,” etc., in various
Places. It averages about 24 pounds in weight, though some indi-
viduals attain a weight of 30 pounds. They are caught in seines and
gill nets and with hook and line. The sounds are of commercial
value. The spotted squeteague (Cynoscion nebulosus) is found from
New Jersey to Texas, and is somewhat larger than the preceding,
The California ‘“‘bluefish” is Cynoscion parvipinnis. The great
‘white sea-bass” of California is Cynoscion nobilis.
Squi.—See Cuttle-fish.
Starrisn.—A star-shaped animal consisting of a central disk from
which radiate five arms or ‘‘fingers;’’ found all along the coast and
known as “‘five-finger,”’ ‘‘sea-star,”’ “star,” etc. Itis of importance
only on account of the great damage it does to oyster beds.
STRAWBERRY Bass.—See Calico bass.
STRIPED BAss (Roccus lineatus).—One of the choicest food fishes
found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; it often ascends rivers for
several miles. In the North it is generally called the “striped bass;’’
in the South “rockfish” and ‘‘rock.”’ Large specimens are called
“‘green-head” and ‘‘squid-hound” by New Englanders. The aver-
age length is about 3 feet; average weight about 20 pounds. They
are caught in weirs, traps, gill nets, and seines, and with hook and
line. The name is sometimes applied to the white bass (Roccus
chrysops) of the Great Lakes region.
SturGeEon (Acipenseridx).—A food fish found on the Atlantic and
Pacific coasts and in many inland waters. The various species are
known as “‘lake sturgeon,” ‘‘white sturgeon,” ‘‘shovelnose,”’ etc.
The Atlantic sturgeon attains a length of 5 to 12 feet and a weight
of 400 to 500 pounds. They are caught in drift nets, pound nets,
weirs, and seines, and by spearing and ‘‘gaffing.’’ They are sold
fresh, pickled, and smoked, for food; “caviar” is manufactured
from their eggs; the skin is made into leather; the sounds are used
in the manufacture of glue and isinglass; a valuable oil is some-
times obtained from the parts not used for food; and the refuse is
used for fertilizing purposes.
Sucker (Catostomidx).—A food fish, of which some 58 species are
found in most of the fresh waters of the United States. The different
species are known as “‘ May sucker,” ‘‘mud sucker,’’ ‘chub sucker,”’
etc., ‘rabbit-mouth,’’ ‘‘harelip,’’ ‘‘split-mouth,’’ ‘‘red horse,’’
“mullet,”’ ‘‘creek-fish,’’ “‘black horse,’’ ‘‘buffalo-fish,”’ ‘‘mooga-
dee,’ etc. They vary in size, all attaining a length of at least a foot.
They are caught with hook and line, spears, nets, snares, etc.
Sux-KeaH.—Scee Blueback.
SULPHUR-BOTTOM WHALE (Sibbaldius sul fureus).—The largest
known cetacean, reaching a length of 100 feet. It is found in the
Pacific Ocean, and is captured only by the use of the bomb lance.
It is valuable for its oil and baleen.
SunrisH (Eupomotis gibbosus)—A food fish found in the Great
Lakes region, the upper Mississippi Valley, and the coastwise streams
from Maine to Georgia. It is also known as ‘‘sunny,”’ ‘‘pumpkin-
seed,” ‘‘bream,’’ etc. It averages about a pound in weight and is
caught with hogk andline. Related species are known as “‘sunfish,’”’
“long-eared sunfish,’’ ‘‘blue sunfish,’’ etc.
The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is found off the entire coast of the
United States; also called ‘‘headfish.’’ It reaches a weight of 500
pounds, and yields a large quantity of valuable oil.
Surr-risu (Embiotocide).—A food fish found in large numbers
along the Pacific coast. The general name “‘perch” is applied to
them everywhere along the coast; they are also called “pogy” and
“‘porgy” on the Oregon coast, ‘‘surf-fish” south of Monterey, and
‘‘minny,”’ ‘‘sparada,”’ ‘‘moharra,’’ etc., along their northern range.
The largest attain a weight of 4 pounds; the average is about 1
pound. See Alfione.
SurGEON-FISH (Teuthis hepatus).—This is the Tang common from
Carolina to Florida. It isa good food fish. Also known as “‘lancet-
fish,”’ “<doctor-fish,’’ etc.
SwELL-FISH ( Tetraodontide).—The different species are known as
“<globe-fishes,” “‘puffers,’’ ‘‘swell-toad,’’ etc. They are common
on the Atlantic coast.
317
Sworprisu (Xiphias gladius).—One of the best food fishes found
the entire length of the Atlantic coast, and rarely off the California
coast. The average weight is from 300 to 400 pounds. It is cap-
tured with harpoons, and is sold fresh, pickled, and salted. The
swords are sold as curiosities.
Tattor.—The “‘salt-water tailor” is. the bluefish (Pomatomus
saltatriz) of North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. The “fresh-
water tailor” is the mattowacca (Clupea mediocris) of the Potomac.
Tarpon (Tarpon atlanticus).—An immense herring-like fish found
in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. It is also called ‘“‘jew-
fish” in Georgia and Florida; ‘‘grand écaille,’’ or ‘‘grandy-kye,”’
and ‘‘savanilla” in Texas; and “‘silver-fish” at Pensacola. It
attains a length of 6 feet and a weight of 75 pounds, and is caught on
hooks and in seines. It is seldom used for food, but the scales,
which are from 1 to 3 inches in diameter, are sold for ornaments.
Tautoe (Tautoga onitis)—A food fish found along the east coast
from Maine to South Carolina. On the New York coast it is called
“‘blackfish;” in New Jersey, ‘‘blackfish,” ‘‘tautog,’’ and ‘“‘chub;”
on the Virginia coast, ‘‘Moll” and ‘‘ Will George;” at the mouth of
the Chesapeake, “‘salt-water chub;” and in North Carolina, ‘“‘oyster-
fish.’’ The average weight is about 2 pounds; average length,
about 15inches. Itis caught on hooks, and in pounds, weirs, and nets.
TEN-POUNDER (Llops saurus).—A game fish found in America
north to the Carolinas and Gulf of California. Also known as “‘big-
eyed herring,’’ ‘‘bony-fish,’’ ‘‘piojo,’’ “John Mariggle,”’ etc.
TrerraPin.—The salt-water terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris) is
very highly prized for food. It is found in salt marshes along the
coast from Massachusetts to Texas, but those which enter into com-
merce are principally from Chesapeake Bay and the Carolina coast.
They are also called ‘‘salt-marsh turtle” and ‘‘diamond-back.”’
The average weight is 4 or 5 pounds. They are taken in dredges,
seines, and nets.
The fresh-water terrapins are generally distributed south of the
forty-first parallel of latitude. The most common used for food are
the ‘‘red-bellied terrapin” (Pseudemys rugosa), the ‘‘mobilianer”
(P. mobiliensis), and the ‘‘yellow-bellied terrapin” (P. scabra).
TuimBLE-EYE.—See Chub mackerel.
TiteFisH (Latilide).—A food fish found along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts, and on the Pacific coast south of Monterey. The Cali-
fornia species (Caulolatilus princeps) is also known as the ‘‘ white-
fish” and ‘‘blanquillo.’’ The Atlantic species (Lopholatilus chame-
leonticeps) is abundant at the edge of the Gulf stream southward
from Nantucket. All are caught with hook and line.
TINKER MACKEREL.—See Chub mackerel.
Tocur.—See Lake trout.
Tomcop.—The Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) ranges from
New York to Newfoundland, often ascending rivers. It is also
known as the ‘“‘frostfish.” The Pacific tomcod (M. prorimus) is
found from Monterey northward. Each species reaches a length of
about 1 foot and a weight of about one-half pound. They are taken
in great numbers in seines and sweep nets, and with hook and line.
The name is also applied to the kingfish ( Menticirrhus sazatilis) on
the Connecticut coast, and to the bocaccio (Sebastodes paucispinis)
on the California coast.
TorrtoisE.—See Turtle.
TripLe-TaIL (Lobotes surinamensis).—A food fish, found on the
Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod, abundant South. Itisknown
in South Carolina as ‘‘black perch,” and on the St. Johns River as
“grouper.” It attains a length of from 2 to 3 feet, and is caught with
hook and line. The scales are sold at a high price for ornaments.
Trourt.—A common name given to the divisions of the salmon
family formed by the genus Salmo of western America, the genus
Sulvelinus or charrs, and the genus Cristivomer or Great Lakes trout.
Salmo is represented by three series—the cutthroat trout (S. clarkit),
the rainbow trout (S. irideus), and steelhead trout (S. rivularis).
Salvelinus is represented in America by some seven species, and
Cristivomer by two. See Lake trout, Speckled trout, Rock trout,
Squeteague, Black bass, and Salmon.
318
TRUNEFISH (Ostraciidx).—Different species are known as ‘‘cuck-
old,” ‘‘cowfish,”” ‘‘horned trunkfish,” ‘‘spotted trunkfish,”’ etc.
They are a tropical fish found in smal] numbers on the Florida coast.
Tunny.—See Horse-mackerel.
Tursot.—See Flounder. The true turbot (Bothinz) is not found
on the American coast.
Turties.—See Green turtle, Hawks-bill turtle, Loggerhead, and
Terrapin.
Unicorn.—See Narwhal.
WaALL-EYED PIKE.—See Pike perch.
Watrus (Odontobenus rosmarus and O. obesus).—A marine mam-
mal, found in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It attains a
length of 16 feet and a weight of 2,000 pounds; averages about one-
fourth less. They are captured by means of the rifle, harpoon, and
lance, and are valuable for their oil, tusks, hide, and flesh.
Warmouts (Chenobryttus gulosus)—A small food fish, found
abundantly in sluggish waters from Virginia to Texas, sometimes as
far north as Lake Michigan. It is also called ‘‘perch,” ‘‘sunfish, ”
“sogsle-eye,” ‘‘red-eye,” etc. The average weight is about 1
pound.
Waite sass (Roccus chrysops).—A food fish, found abundantly
in the Great Lakes region and in the Ohio and upper Mississippi,
chiefly in deep and still waters. It is also called ‘‘striped bass.”
Its usual weight is from 1 to 3 pounds. It is caught on hooks, and
ranks high as a food fish.
WHITEFISH (Coregonus).—They form one of the most important.
groups of fresh-water fishes of America. The common whitefish (Ce
clupeaformis) is the most valued of the tribe, although the others ar
highly esteemed asafood. It is found in the Great Lakes region and
is known as ‘‘humpback, ” ‘“‘bowback,” and ‘‘highback” whitefish;
also as ‘‘Otsego bass” in the neighborhood of Otsego Lake, N.Y. It
is caught chiefly in gill nets, and averages less than 4 pounds in
weight. Other economic species are the Rocky Mountain whitefish
(C. williamsont); the Menominee whitefish (C. quadrilateralis) also
locally known as ‘“‘round whitefish,” ‘‘frostfish,” ‘‘shadwater, ”
‘pilot fish,” ‘‘chivey,” ‘‘blackback,” etc. The whitefishes be-
long to the salmon family. The name is also applied to the bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatrix) on the Hudson; to the menhaden (Brevoortia
tyrannus) in western Connecticut; to the tilefish (Cauwlolatilus
princeps) in California; and to the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)
by whalers.
FISHERIET OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908.
Waite PERCH ( Morone americana).—This bass is an important food
fish, found very abundantly along the Atlantic coast from South Caro-
lina to Nova Scotia; it also occurs in brackish waters in the mouths
of rivers, and is sometimes landlocked in fresh-water ponds. It is
the common “‘perch” of the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states.
The average length is 8 to 9 inches. It is caught with seines, nets,
hook and line, etc., and is used very extensively for food. The
name is also applied to the fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grun-
niens) in the Ohio River, and to the porgee (Damalichthys argyroso-
mus) on the California coast.
Wuitine ( Menticirrhus saxatilis).—This fish is otherwise known as
the ‘‘kingfish” and ‘‘sea-mink”; it is abundant from Cape Ann to
Pensacola. The sand-whiting (M. americanus), also known as
‘“deep-water whiting, ’ is abundant from Chesapeake Bay to Texas.
The surf-whiting (@. littoralis), also called the “‘silver-whiting, ” is
common from the Carolinas to Texas. The California whiting (©.
undulatus) is also known as the ‘‘sand-sucker.” On the coast of
Florida they are variously known as ‘‘kingfish,” ‘‘barb,” ‘‘bull-
head whiting,” and ‘‘ground mullet.” They attain a length of 10
inches and a weight of 14 pounds. They are caught with hook and
line and in seines, and are a food fish of considerable importance.
The name is also applied to the harvest-fish (Peprilus paru) at Nor-
folk, Va., and to the silver hake ( Merluccius bilinearis) on the New
England coast. :
Wotr-rish (Anarhichas lwpus).—A large fish found off the New
England coast north of Nantucket Shoals. It is also called ‘‘cat-
fish.” The average length is about 4 feet; average weight about 25
pounds. It is caught on hooks and in seines, and is sold fresh, salted,
and dried and smoked.
YELLOWTAILL (Bairdiella chrysura).—An excellent food fish found
on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Texas; it is especially
abundant South. It is called ‘‘silver perch” on the coast of
New Jersey, and ‘‘mademoiselle” at Pensacola. It averages 8
inches in length. The name is also applied to the menhaden
(Brevoortia tyrannus) from North Carolina to Florida; to the
runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus) at Pensacola; to the sailor’s
choice (Lagodon rhomboides) in the Indian River region; to the
amber-fish (Seriola dorsalis) on the California coast south of
Santa Barbara; and to the green rockfish (Sebastichthys flavidus)
at Monterey.
Abalone, comparison with previous census,
26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
Africa, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291; of imports, 293.
Alabama, summary of fisheries, 18; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quan and value of products, 25, 34;
etailed statistics, 79-82.
Alaska, salmon product of canneries and
packing houses, 283; rank in value, 283;
cod packed, 284, 285.
Albacore, or horse mackerel, origin of name,
9; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 26; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 34.
Alewives, origin of name, 9; rank in value,
24; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 26; by apparatus of capture,
30; by states, 34; detailed statistics re-
garding, 47. See also Alewives and roe.
Alewives and roe, canned and preserved,
value, by geographic divisions, 281, 287;
by method of treatment, 286, 287; quan-
tity, 287.
Alligator hides. See Hides.
Amber-fish, or jack-fish, quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 26; by apparatus
of capture, 30; by states, 34.
Anchovies, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 26; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 34. See also An-
chovies and sardines.
Anchovies and sardines, imports, by country
from which imported, 292. See also Sar-
dines.
Angel-fish. See Moonfish,
spadefish. ,
Apparatus of capture, variety of, 8, 21, 22;
value, by geographic divisions, 11, 22;
by Atlantic coast state groups, 11; in
states on Chesapeake Bay, 12; on Great
Lakes, 12; by commercial fisheries, 19;
by states, 21, 79-279; detailed statistics,
22; products by, 29, 30, 44, 46. See also
Apparatus of capture and outfit. :
Apparatus of capture and outfit, comparison
with former censuses, 10. See also Outfit.
Argentina, value of exports of domestic
shery products to, 291. _
Arkansas, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
uantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detaile statistics, 82-84. :
Asia, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291; of imports, 293.
Asiatic Russia, imports of fishery products,
293.
Atlantic coast district, exclusive of Long
Island Sound, fishery products of, 205.
Atlantic coast division, summary of statis-
tics, 11; by Atlantic coast state groups,
11; persons employed, salaries, and wages,
by main branches of industry, 14, 16; per
cent of persons engaged in fishing, 15;
capital invested in vessels and boats, 20,
22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21, 23;
number, 23; products, by species, 26; by
class of fisheries and apparatus of capture,
29: canning and preserving, fish and
oysters, summary, by geographic divisions,
angel-fish, or
INDEX.
281; value of products, 281, 287; of by-
products, 282; cod packed, 284, 285;
oysters canned, 285.
Atlantic Ocean district, fishery products of,
108, 151, 258, 259, 262.
Barracuda, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 26; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 34; pekien: 287.
Bass, black, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 26; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 34.
—— crappie and strawberry, quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 35.
——rock, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 38.
—— sea, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 39.
striped, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 40.
— white, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 40.
Beam trawls, number and value, 22; quan-
tity and value of products caught by, by
geographic divisions, 29; by states, 45.
Belgium, imports of fishery products, 292,
293
Black bass. See Bass.
Black cod. See Cod.
Bluefish, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 28; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 34;
detailed statistics regarding, 48.
Boat fisheries. See Shore and boat fisheries.
Boats, comparison with former censuses, 10;
use of term, 20; value, by geographic divi-
sions, 20, 22, 23; number and tonnage, 23;
detailed statistics, by states, 79-279.
—row, value, by geographic divisions,
22, 23; number and tonnage, 23.
—— sail, value, by geographic divisions, 22,
23; number and tonnage, 23.
steam and motor, value, by geographic
divisions, 22, 23; number and tonnage, 23.
See also Vessels and boats, including outfit.
Bonito, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 26; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 34. :
Bowfins. See Dogfish, or bowfins.
Brazil, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291.
Bream and sunfish, use of term, 9; quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 26;
by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 34.
British India, imports of fishery products,
292.
British South Africa, imports of fishery prod-
ucts, 292.
British West Indies, imports of fishery prod-
ucts, 293.
Brook trout. See Trout.
Buffalo fish, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 26; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 35;
detailed statistics regarding, 48.
Bureau of Fisheries, cooperation in can-
vass, 7, 8.
Butterfish, use of term, 10; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 26; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 35.
California, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
value of apparatus of capture, 21; quantity
and value of products, 25, 34? Aetailed
statistics, 84-91; canning and preserving,
fish and oysters, value of by-products,
282; salmon product of canneries and
packing houses, 283; rank in value, 283;
ee packed, 284; cod packed, 284,
Canada, imports of fishery products, 292, 293.
See also Canada, Newfoundland, and Lab-
rador.
Canada, Newfoundland, and Labrador, value
of exports of domestic fishery products to,
291.
Canning and preserving, fish and oysters,
classification of establishments engaged
in, 9; comparison with former censuses,
280; statistics, by geographic divisions,
280; products, by kind, 281; by species,
281, 287; by-products, 282; food products,
286.
Capital, amount, by geographic divisions,
11, 22; by Atlantic coast state groups, 11;
in states on Chesapeake Bay, 12; on Great
Lakes, 12; leading items of, 19; states re-
porting more than $2,000,000, 19. See also
Capital, not including shore and accessory
property and cash and Equipment and
other capital.
Capital, not including shore and accessory
roperty and cash, comparison with
ormer censuses, 10.
Carp, German, rank in value, 24; quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 26;
by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 35;
detailed statistics regarding, 49.
Cash, use of term, 19; amount invested in
commercial fisheries, 19. See also Shore
and accessory property and cash.
Catfish, origin of name, 9; rank in value, 24;
quantity and value, by geographic di-
visions, 26; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 35; detailed statistics regard-
ing, 51.
Caviar, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41; exports of, 291. See also
Sturgeons and caviar.
Central America, value of exports of domes-
tic fishery products to, 291.
Central division. See Eastern and central
divisions.
Chesapeake Bay, persons employed, 12, 16;
capital, and value of products, 12.
Chesapeake Bay district, fishery products of,
150, 257, 259, 261.
Chile, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291.
Chinese Empire, imports of fishery products,
292, 293.
Clams, rank in value, 24; comparison with
previous census, 26; detailed statistics re-
garding, 52; canned and preserved, value,
by geographic divisions, 281, 287; by
method of treatment, 286, 287; quantity,
287.
(319)
320
Clams, hard, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42. ;
—— razor, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
uantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
—— soft, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
surf, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
Cobia, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 26; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 35.
Cockles, winkles, and conchs, pounds of
meat per bushel, 9; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus
of capture, 32; by states, 42.
Cod, rank in value, 24; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 35; detailed statis-
tics regarding, 52; canned and preserved,
value, by geographic divisions, 281, 287;
by states, 284, 285; by method of treat-
ment, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 284, 285, 287.
—— black, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 26; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 34.
— cultus, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 36. See also Cod, had-
dock, hake, and pollack.
Cod, haddock, hake, and pollack, exports of,
291; imports, by country from which im-
ported, 292.
Colorado, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18.
Columbia River district, fishery products of,
224, 268.
Conchs. See Cockles, winkles, and conchs.
Connecticut, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; capital, 19; quantity and value of prod-
ucts, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 91-96.
Crabs, length of season, 17; rank in value, 24;
comparison with previous census, 26;
detailed statistics regarding, 54; canned
and preserved, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 281, 287; by method of treatment,
286, 287; quantity, 287.
—— hard, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41.
—— king, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41. ;
—— soft, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41.
—— spider, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32.
—— stone, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 41.
Crappie and strawberry bass. See Bass.
Crawfish, comparison with previous census,
26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41. :
Crevallé, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 35. .
Croaker, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 35.
Crustaceans, quantity and value, 24; com-
parison with previous census, 26.
Cuba, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291; of imports, 293.
INDEX.
Cultus cod. See Cod.
Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, fishery
products of, 245. :
Cunner, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 36.
Cusk, quantity and value, by geographic di-
visions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 36; canned and preserved, value,
by method of treatment, 286, 287; by geo-
graphic divisions, 287; quantity, 287.
Delaware, summary of fisheries, 12, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 96-99.
Delaware River and Bay district, fishery
products of, 230.
Detroit River. See Lake St. Clair and St.
Clair and Detroit Rivers.
District of Columbia, persons employed, not
including shoresmen, 18.
Dogfish, or bowfins, quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 36.
Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc., value, 22; quan-
tity and value of products caught by, by
geographic divisions, 29; by species, 31;
by states, 45.
Drum, origin of name, 9; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus
ot capture, 30; by states, 36. ‘
Eastern and central divisions, salmon prod-
uct of canneries and packing houses, 283.
Eelpout. See Ling, or eelpout.
Eels, quantity and value, by geographic di-
visions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 36.
Employees. See Persons employed and Sal-
aried employees.
Equipment and other capital, amount, by
geographic divisions, 22; by states, 79-279.
See also Capital.
Europe, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291; of imports, 293.
European Russia, imports of fishery prod-
ucts, 292.
Exports, comparison with imports, 288;
value of, 288, 289, 291; by country to
which exported, 291.
Fertilizer, value, by geographic divisions,
281, 282; by states, 282. See also Fertili-
zer, oil, and glue.
Fertilizer, oil, and glue, quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 287.
Firm members, use of term, 14.
Fish, confusion in common names of, 9; dis-
tribution, 24; comparison with previous
census, 26; quantity and value, by species,
26, 30; by geographic divisions, 26; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 34,
79-279; canned and preserved, value, b
geographic divisions, 281, 287; by kind,
281, 287; by method of treatment, 286, 287;
quantity, 287; exports of, 291; imports, b
kind and country from which imported,
292.
Fish oil. See Oil.
Fisheries, general, difficulty attending cen-
sus of, 7; comparison with former censuses,
10; summary, 13; products, by apparatus
of capture and geographic divisions, 29; by
states, 79-279; detailed statistics, 47-78.
Fishermen, exclusive of shoresmen, com-
parison with former censuses, 10; prevail-
ing nationality, 17; detailed statistics, by
states, 79-279.
Fishery products, quantity and value, 24;
detailed statistics, by states, 79-279; values
of imports and exports, 288; exports, b
kind, 291; by country to which exported,
291; imports, by kind, 292; by country
from which imported, 292, 293. See also
Products.
Fishing vessels. See Vessels.
Florida, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture,
21; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 100-110; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282; oysters canned, 285; shrimp
and prawn preserved, 286.
Flounders, use of term, 9; rank in value, 24;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by
states, 36; detailed statistics regarding, 56.
Food fish, quantity and value, 24; comparison
with previous census, 26. See also Fish.
Food products, canning and preserving, fish
and oysters, value, 286. See also Products.
France, imports of fishery products, 292, 293.
Frogs, comparison with previous census, 26;
uantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 41.
Fyke and hoop nets. See Nets.
Geographic divisions, summary of fisheries
by, 11; persons employed, 14, 15; tonnage
of vessels, 21; equipment and other capi-
tal, 22; number, tonnage, and value of
vessels and boats, 23; products, 26, 29,
47-78; canning and preserving, fish and
oysters, summary, 281; products, 281, 287;
by-products, 282; salmon product of can-
neries and packing houses, 283; cod
packed, 284, 285; oysters canned, 285.
Georgia, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
C Seectia and value of products, 25, 34;
etaile statistics, 110-113; oysters
canned, 285.
German carp. See Carp, German.
Germany, value of exports of domestic fish-
ery products to, 291; of imports, 292, 293.
Gill nets. See Nets.
Glue, value, by geographic divisions, 281,
282; by states, 282. See also Fertilizer,
oil, and glue.
Great Lakes and Mississippi River divisions,
canning and preserving, fish and oysters,
value of products, 281. See also Missis-
sippi River division.
Great Lakes division, summary of statistics,
11; persons employed, by main branches
of industry, 14; by lakes and rivers, 16;
salaries and wages, 14; per cent of persons
engaged in fishing, 15; capital invested in
vessels and boats, 20, 22; average tonnage
of vessels, 21, 23; number, 23; products,
by species, 26; by class of fisheries and
apparatus of capture, 29; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, summary, by
geographic divisions, 281; value of prod-
ucts, 281, 287; of by-products, 282. See
also Great Lakes and Mississippi River
divisions.
Greece, imports of fishery products, 293.
Grouper, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 36.
Grunts, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 36.
Gulf of Mexico district, fishery products of,
107, 136, 137, 183, 184.
Gulf of Mexico division, summary of statis-
tics, 11; persons employed, salaries, and
wages, by main branches of industry, 14;
per cent of persons engaged in fishing, 15;
capital invested in vessels and boats, 20,
22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21, 23;
number, 23; products, by species, 26; by
class of fisheries and apparatus of capture,
29; canning and preserving, fish and oys-
ters, summary, by geographic divisions,
281; value of products, 281, 287; of by-
products, 282; oysters canned, 285.
Haddock, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 36;
detailed statistics regarding, 56; canned
and preserved, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 281, 287; by method of treatment,
286, 287; quantity, 281, 287. See also
Cod, haddock, hake, and pollack.
Hake, rank in value, 24; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus
of capture, 30; by states, 36; detailed sta-
tistics este 57; canned and pre-
served, value, by geographic divisions,
281, 287; by method of treatment, 286,
287; quantity, 287.
silver, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 39. See also Cod, had-
dock, hake, and pollack.
Halibut, origin of name, 9; rank in value,
24; quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by
states, 36; detailed statistics regarding, 57;
canned and preserved, value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 281, 287; by method of
treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 287.
Hard clams. See Clams.
Hard crabs. See Crabs.
Harpoons, spears, etc., value, 22; quantity
and value of products caught by, by geo-
graphic divisions, 29; by species, 31; by
states, 45.
Haul seines. See Seines.
Herring, origin of name, 9; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37;
detailed statistics regarding, 58; exports of,
291; imports, by country from which im-
po 292; canned and preserved, value,
y geographic divisions, 281, 287; by
method of treatment, 286, 287; quantity,
281, 287.
—— lake, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by peqerepiic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37;
detailed statistics regarding, 59; canned
and preserved, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 281, 287; by method of treatment,
286, 287; quantity, 281, 287.
salt-water, rank in value, 24.
Hickory shad. See Shad.
Hides, alligator, comparison with previous
census, 26; quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 43. _ ‘
porpoise, comparison with previous
census, 26; quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 43. See also Hides,
elts, and skins.
Hides, pelts, and skins, comparison with
previous census, 26.
Hogfish. See Pigfish, or hogfish.
Hongkong, imports of fishery products, 292,
293. :
Hoop nets. See Fyke and hoop nets.
Horse mackerel. See Albacore, or horse
mackerel.
Idaho, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18. '
Illinois, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
value of apparatus of capture, 21; quan-
tity and value of products, 25, 34; detailed
statistics, 113-120.
Imports, comparison with exports, 288; value
ck, 288, 290, 292; by kind of product, 292;
by country from which imported, 292, 293.
Independent fishermen. See Proprietors and
independent fishermen.
Indiana, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 120-123.
76786°—11——21
INDEX.
Towa, summary of fisheries, 13; persons em-
ployed, not including shoresmen, 18; |
cy and value’ of products, 25, 34;
etailed statistics, 124-126.
Irish moss, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 44.
Italy, imports of fishery products, 292, 293.
Jack-fish. See Amber-fish, or jack-fish.
Japan, imports of fishery products, 292, 293.
Jewfish, origin of name, 9; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by ap-
paratus of capture, 30; by states, 37.
Jurel, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 37.
Kansas, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of
products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 126, 127.
Kentucky, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 127-130.
King crabs. See Crabs.
Kingfish, origin of name, 9.
ing and kingfish.
Labrador.
Labrador.
Ladyfish, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 37.
Lake Erie, persons employed, 12, 16; capital,
and value of products, 12.
Lake Erie district, fishery products of, 172,
206, 220, 231.
Lake herring. See Herring.
Lake Huron, persons employed, 12, 16; cap-
ital, and value of products, 12.
Lake Huron district, fishery products of, 171.
Lake Michigan, persons employed, 12, 16;
capital, and value of products, 12.
Lake Michigan district, fishery products of,
119, 123, 170, 275, 278.
Lake Ontario, including Niagara and St.
Lawrence Rivers, persons employed, 12,
16; capital, and Jalue of products, 12.
Lake Ontario district, fishery products of,
207.
Lake St. Clair and St: Clair and Detroit
Rivers, persons employed, 12, 16; capital,
and value of products, 12.
Lake St. Clair district, fishery products of,
172.
Lake Superior, persons employed, 12, 16;
capital, and value of products, 12.
Lake Superior district, fishery products of,
171, 178, 276, 279.
Lake trout. See Trout.
Lines, hand, trawl, and set, value, 21, 22;
quantity and value of products caught by,
by geographic divisions, 29; by species,
30 iy states, 45.
Ling, or eelpout, quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 37.
Livers, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43.
Lobster, rank in value, 24; comparison with
revious census, 26; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus
of capture, 32; by states, 41; detailed sta-
tistics regarding, 61; imports, by country
from which imported, 292.
—— spiny, comparison with previous cen-
sus, 26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41; detailed statistics regard-
ing, 62.
Long Island Sound, fishery products of, 206.
Louisiana, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
See also Whit-
See Canada, Newfoundland, and
321
detailed statistics, 130-137; canning and
reserving, fish and oysters, value of
y-products, 282; oysters canned, 285;
shrimp and prawn preserved, 286.
Mackerel, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by gecgraphic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37;
detailed statistics regarding, 62; canned
and preserved, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 281, 287; by method of treatment,
286, 287; quantity, 287; exports of, 291;
imports, by country from which im-
ported, 292.
—— Spanish, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 39.
Maine, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture,
21; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 138-145; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282; sardines packed, 284; cod
packed, 284, 285.
Market oysters. See Oysters.
Maryland, summary of fisheries, 12, 13;
persons employed, not including shores-
men, 18; capital, 19; value of apparatus
of capture, 21; quantity and value of
products, 25, 34; detailed statistics,
145-152; canning and preserving, fish and
oysters, value of by-products, 282; oysters
canned, 285.
Massachusetts, summary of fisheries, 13;
persons employed, not including shores-
men, 18; capital, 19; value of apparatus
of capture, 21; quantity and value of
products, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 152~
164; canning and preserving, fish and oys-
ters, value of by-products, 282; sardines
packed, 284; cod packed, 284, 285;
shrimp and prawn preserved, 286.
Menhaden, origin of name, 9; rank in value,
24; comparison with previous census, 26;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by
states, 37; detailed statistics regarding,
63.
Menhaden fisheries, comparison with former
censuses, 10.
Mexico, value of exports of domestic fishery
products to, 291; of imports, 292, 293.
Michigan, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture,
21; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 165-173.
Middle Atlantic states, fisheries of, 11; per-
sons employed, salaries, and wages, 16.
Mink skins. See Skins. :
Minnesota, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 173-178.
Minnows, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 37.
Mississippi, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 178-184; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282; oysters canned, 285; shrimp
and prawn preserved, 286.
Mississippi River district, fishery products
of, 118, 130, 136, 177, 183, 187, 245, 275.
Mississippi River division, summary of
statistics, 11; persons employed, salaries,
and wages, by main branches of industry,
14; per cent of persons engaged in fishing,
15; capital invested in vessels and boats,
20, 22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21,
23; number, 23; products, by species, 26;
by class of fisheries and apparatus of cap-
3822
ture, 29; canning and preserving, fish and
oysters, summary, by geographic divisions,
281; value of products, 287. Seealso Great
Lakes and Mississippi River divisions.
Missouri, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 185-187.
Missouri River district, fishery products of,
126, 187.
Mollusks, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
rank in value, 24; comparison with pre-
vious census, 26.
Montana, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18.
Moonfish, angel-fish, or spadefish, quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 27;
by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37.
Motor boats. See Steam and motor boats.
Mullet, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37;
detailed statistics regarding, 64; canned
and preserved, value, by method of treat-
ment, 286, 287; by geographic divisions,
287; quantity, 287.
Muskallunge, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 38.
Muskrat skins. See Skins.
Mussel shells. See Shells.
Mussel shells, pearls, and slugs, rank in value
of product, 24; comparison with previous
census, 26. See also Pearls and slugs.
Mussels, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
quantity and value, by geographic di-
visions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 42; detailed statistics regarding, 65.
Mutton-fish, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 38.
Names, confusion in regard to, 9.
Nebraska, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of
products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 188.
Netherlands, imports of fishery products,
292, 293.
Nets, value of all classes, 21; quantity and
value of products caught by, by geo-
graphic divisions, 29.
—— fykeand hoop, rank in apparatus of cap-
ture, 21; number and value, 22; quantity
and value of products caught by, by geo-
graphic divisions, 29; by species, 31; by
states, 44.
—— gill, rank in apparatus of capture, 21;
number and value, 22; quantity and value
of products caught by, by geographic divi-
sions, 29; by species, 30; by states, 44.
— trammel, number and value, 22; quan-
tity and value of products caught by, by
geographic divisions, 29; by species, 31;
by states, 45. See also Pound nets, trap
nets, and weirs.
Nevada, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18.
New England states, fisheries of, 11; persons
employed, salaries, and wages, 16.
New Hampshire, persons employed, not in-
cluding shoresmen, 18; quantity and value
of products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 189.
New Jersey, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 189-195; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282. .
New Mexico, persons employed, not includ-
ing shoresmen, 18. ;
New York, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture,
21; quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 195-210; salmon prod-
INDEX.
uct of canneries and packing houses, 283;
rank in value, 283; sardines packed, 284.
Newfoundland. See Canada, Newfound-
land, and Labrador and Newfoundland and
Labrador.
Newfoundland and Labrador, imports of
fishery products, 292, 293. See also Can-
ada, Newfoundland, and Labrador.
Niagara River. See Lake Ontario, including
Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers.
North America, value of exports of domestic
fishery products to countries of, 291; of
imports, 293.
North Carolina, summary of fisheries, 13;
persons employed, not including shores-
men, 18; value of apparatus of capture, 21;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 211-217; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282; oysters canned, 285.
North Dakota, persons employed, not in-
cluding shoresmen, 18.
Norway, imports of fishery products, 292,
293. See also Norway and Sweden.
Norway and Sweden, imports of fishery
products, 293. See also Sweden.
Oceania, value of exports of domestic fish-
ery products to, 291; of imports, 293.
Ohio, summary of fisheries, 13; persons em-
ployed, not including shoresmen, 18;
value of apparatus of capture, 21; quan-
tity and value of products, 25, 34; detailed
statistics, 217-221.
Ohio River district, fishery products of, 118,
123, 129, 221.
Oil, value, by geographic divisions, 281, 282;
by states, 282.
—— fish, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 43; exports of, 291.
—— porpoise, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 43.
—— sea-elephant, quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 44.
—— seal, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 44.
—— sperm, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 44.
—— whale, comparison with previous cen-
sus, 26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture,
32; by states, 44; exports of, 291.
—— whale and fish, imports, by country
from which imported, 293. See also Fer-
tilizer, oil, and glue.
Oklahoma, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of
products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 221.
Oregon, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
value of apparatus of capture, 21; quan-
tity and value of products, 25, 34; de-
tailed statistics, 221-225; canning and
preserving, fish and oysters, value of by-
products, 282; salmon product of canneries
and packing houses, 283; rank in value,
283; oysters canned, 285.
Otter skins. See Skins,
Outfit, use of term, 20; value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 23. See also Apparatus of
capture and outfit and Vessels and boats,
including outfit.
Oyster fisheries, comparison with former
censuses, 10.
Oysters, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
length of season, 17; rank in value, 24;
comparison with previous census, 26; de-
tailed statistics oo 66; canned and
preserved, value, by geographic divisions,
281, 287; by states, 285; by method of
treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 287;
exports of, 291.
Oysters, market, from private and public
areas, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
—— seed, from private and public areas,
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 42.
Pacific coast district, fishery products of,
225.
Pacific coast division, summary of statis-
tics, 11; persons employed, salaries, and
wages, by main branches of industry, 14;
per cent of persons engaged in fishing, 15;
capital invested in vessels and boats, 20,
22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21, 23;
number, 23; products, by species, 26; by
class of fisheries and apparatus of capture,
29; canning and preserving, fish and
oysters, summary, by geographic divi-
sions, 281; value of products, 281, 287;
of by-products, 282; quantity and value
of salmon, 283; cod packed, 284, 285;
oysters canned, 285.
Pacific Ocean district, fishery products of,
268, 270.
Paddlefish, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
ae 30; by states, 38.
Pear! fishing, method of, 66.
Pearls and slugs, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 43. See also Mussel hella: pearls,
and slugs.
Pelts. See Hides, pelts, and skins.
Pennsylvania, summary of fisheries, 13;
persons employed, not including shores-
men, 18; value of apparatus of capture, 21;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 225-231; cod packed,
284. See also Susquehanna River fish-
eries.
Perch, origin of name, 9; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30.
—— pike, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by
apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 38;
detailed statistics regarding, 68; frozen
and fresh, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 287.
—— white, quantity and value, by states,
38
—— yellow, quantity and value, by states,
38
Permit, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 38.
Persons employed, number, by geographic
divisions, 11, 14; in Atlantic coast divi-
sion, 11, 16; in states on Chesapeake Bay,
12, 16; on Great Lakes, 12, 16; salaries
and wages, by geographic divisions and by
main branches of industry, 14; per cent
distribution, 15; comparison with former
censuses, 18; detailed statistics, by states,
79-279.
Persons employed, not including shores-
men, comparison with former censuses, 18;
detailed statistics, by states, 79-279.
Pickerel. See Pike and pickerel.
Pigfish, or hogfish, origin of name, 9; quan-
tity and value, by geographic divisions, 27;
by aoe of capture, 30; by states, 38.
Pike, Sacramento, quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 38.
Pike and pickerel, quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 38.
Pike perch. See Perch.
Pinfish. See Sailor’s choice, or pinfish.
Pollack, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by ap-
paratus of capture, 30; by states, 38; de-
tailed statistics regarding, 69; canned and
preserved, value, by geographic divisions,
281, 287; by method of treatment, 286,
287; quantity, 287. See also Cod, had-
dock, hake, and pollack.
Pompano, origin of name, 10; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by ap-
paratus of capture, 30; by states, 38.
Porgy, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 38.
Porkfish, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture,
30; by states, 38.
Porpoise hides. See Hides.
Porpoise oil. See Oil.
Eee imports of fishery products, 292,
Pots and traps, number and value, 22; quan-
tity and value of products caught by, by
eographic divisions, 29; by species, 31;
y states, 45.
Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs, variation
in value, 21; rank in apparatus of capture,
21; number and value, 22; quantity and
value of products caught by, by geographic
divisions, 29; by speeies, 30; by states,
44,
Prawn. See Shrimp and prawn.
Preserving. See Canning and preserving.
Products, comparison with former censuses,
10; value, by geographic divisions, 11, 22,
29; by Atlantic coast state groups, 11; in
states on Chesapeake Bay, 12; on Great
Lakes, 12; by commercial fisheries, 19; by
species, 24, 26, 30, 34; by states, 25, 34, 44,
79-279; by general classes, 26; by class of
fisheries, 29; by apparatus of capture, 29,
30, 44; detailed statistics, 47-78; canning
and preserving, fish and oysters, by kind,
281; quantity and value, 281, 282, 287;
values of imports and exports, 288; ex-
ports, by kind, 291; by country to which
exported, 291; imports, by kind and coun-
try from which imported, 292. See also
Fishery products and Food products.
Property. See Shore and accessory property
and cash.
Proprietors and independent fishermen, use
ae term, 14; number, by geographic divi-
sions and by main branches of industry,
14; in Atlantic coast division, 16; per cent
distribution and per cent of total persons
employed, 15; detailed statistics, by
states, 79-279.
Purse seines. See Seines.
Rakes. See Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc.
Razor clams. See Clams.
Red snapper. See Snapper.
Redfish, or rosefish; quantity and value, by
geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of
capture, 30; by states, 38.
Rhode Island, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; value of apparatus of capture, 21;
uantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 231-236.
Rock bass. See Bass.
Rockfish, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 38.
Roe. See Alewives and roe.
Rosefish. See Redfish.
Round robin, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 30; by states, 38.
Rowboats. See Boats.
Sacramento pike. See Pike.
Sailboats. See Boats. °
INDEX.
Sailor’s choice, or pinfish, quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by ap-
paratus of capture, 30; by states, 39.
St. Clair River. See Lake St. Clair and St.
Clair and Detroit Rivers.
St. Lawrence River. See Lake Ontario, in-
cluding Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers.
Salaried employees, number, by geographic
divisions and by main branches of indus-
try, 14; in Atlantic coast division, 16; per
cent distribution and per cent of total per-
sons employed, 15; detailed statistics, by
states, 79-279.
Salaries, amount, by geographic divisions
and by main branches of industry, 14; in |
Puan coast division, 16; by states, 79-
79.
Salmon, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 27; by ap-
paratus of capture, 30; by states, 39; de-
tailed statistics regarding, 69; canned and
preserved, value, by geographic divisions,
281, 287; by states, 283; by method of
treatment, 283, 286, 287; quantity, 281,
287; exports of, 291; imports, by country
from which imported, 292.
Salt-water herring. See Herring. poe
Sardines, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by Appar ue of capture, 30;
by states, 39; canned and preserved, value,
by geographic divisions, 281, 287; by
states, 283, 284; by method of treatment,
286, 287; quantity, 281, 287. See also
Anchovies and sardines.
Scallop rims. See Scallops and scallop rims.
Scallops, pounds of meat per bushel, 9;
uantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by states, 42. See also Scallops
and scallop rims.
Scallops and scallop rims, comparison with
previous census, 26; quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 28; hy apparatus
of capture, 32; by states, 42.
Scup, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 39.
Sea bass. See Bass.
Sea grass, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 44.
Sea robin, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30;
by states, 39.
Sea-elephant oil. See Oil.
Seal oil. See Oil.
See Skins.
See Oysters.
Seal skins.
Seed oysters.
Seines, rank in apparatus of capture, 21;
number and value, 22; quantity and
value of products caught by, by geographic
divisions, 29; by species, 30; by states, 44.
—— haul, rank in apparatus of capture, 21;
number and value, 22.
—— purse, rank in apparatus of capture, 21;
number and value, 22.
Shad, origin of name, 9; rank in value, 24;
uantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by
states, 39; detailed statistics regarding,
71; frozen and fresh, quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 287.
— hickory, origin of name, 9; quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 27;
by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37.
Shark, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 39.
Sheepshead, origin of name, 9; quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 27;
by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 39.
Shellfish, exports of, 291.
Shells, mussel, comparison with previous
census, 26; quantity and value, by geo-
323
phic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
Se abare, 32; by states, 43. See also Mussel
shells, pearls, and slugs.
Shore and accessory property, use of term, 19;
value, by commercial fisheries, 19. See also
Shore and accessory property and cash.
Shore and accessory property and cash,
value, by geographic divisions, 11, 22;
by Atlantic coast state groups, 11; in
states on Chesapeake Bay, 12; on Great
Lakes, 12. See also Cash.
Shore and boat fisheries, salaries and wages,
14, 16; persons employed, 14; per cent of
total number, 15; number, in Atlantic
coast division, 16; in Chesapeake Bay dis-
trict, 16; capital invested in, 19; average
tonnage of vessels, 21, 23; number and
value of apparatus of capture, 22; of prod-
ucts, 29; detailed statistics, by states,
79-279.
Shoresmen, use of term, 14; salaries and
wages, 14, 16; number employed, 14; per
-cent of total number, 15; number, in
Atlantic coast division, 16; in Chesapeake
Bay district, 16.
Shrimp and other shellfish (except lobster)
and turtles, imports, by country from
which imported, 292. See also Turtles.
Shrimp and prawn, rank in value, 24; com-
parison with previous census, 26; quantity
and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by
apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 41;
detailed statistics regarding, 72; canned
and preserved, value, by geographic divi-
sions, 281, 287; by states, 285; by method
of treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 287.
Silver hake. See Hake.
Skates, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 39.
Skins, detailed statistics regarding, 73.
—— mink, comparison with previous cen-
sus, 26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43.
— muskrat, comparison with previous
census, 26; quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 43.
— otter, comparison with previous census,
26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43.
—— seal, comparison with previous census,
26; quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 43. See also Hides, pelts, and skins.
Slides. See Wheels and slides.
Slugs. See Pearls and slugs and Mussel
shells, pearls, and slugs.
Smelt, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 39.
Snapper, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 28; by
apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 39;
detailed statistics regarding, 74.
—— red, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 39; detailed statistics regarding,
74,
Soft clams, See Clams.
Soft crabs. See Crabs.
Sounds, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43; imports, by country from
which imported, 292.
South America, value of exports of domestic
fishery products to, 291; of imports, 293.
South Atlantic states, fisheries of, 11; per-
sons employed, salaries, and wages, 16.
South Carolina, summary of fisheries, 13;
persons employed, not including shores-
men, 18; quantity and value of products,
824
25, 34; detailed statistics, 237-241; oysters
aed 285; shrimp and prawn preserved,
6. :
South Dakota, persons employed, not in-
cluding shoresmen, 18; quantity and
eg of products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 241,
Spadefish. See Moonfish, angel-fish, orspade-
8
Spain, imports of fishery products, 282, 293.
Spanish mackerel. See Mackerel.
Spears. See Harpoons, spears, etc.
Sperm oil. See Oil.
Spider crabs. See Crabs.
Spiny lobster. See Lobster.
Sponge apparatus, value, 22; quantity and >
value of products caught by, by geographic
divisions, 29.
Sponge fisheries, comparison with former
censuses, 10.
Sponges, rank in value, 24; comparison with
previous census, 26; quantity and value,
y geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus
of capture, 32; by states, 43; detailed
statistics regarding, 74; exports of, 291;
imports, by country from which imported,
293.
Spot, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 39.
Squeteague, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by geographic divisions, 28; by
apparatus capture, 32; by states, 40;
detailed statistics regarding, 74. '
Squid, comparison with previous census, 26;
quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 43.
States, fisheries by, 13, 25, 47-78; persons em-
ployed, 18; capital, 19; value of apparatus
of capture, 21; detail summary, 34; prod-
ucts, by apparatus of capture, 44; detailed
statistics, 79-279; canning and preserving,
fish and oysters, value of by-products, 282;
salmon product of canneries and packin;
houses, 283; sardines packed, 284; co
packed, 284, 285; oysters canned, 285;
shrimp and prawn preserved, 286.
Steam and motor boats. See Boats.
Stone crabs. See Crabs.
Strawberry bass. See Crappie and straw-
berry bass.
Striped bass. See Bass.
Sturgeons, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 40; detailed statistics
regarding, 75; smoked, and frozen and
fresh, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 287. See also Sturgeons and
caviar.
Sturgeons and caviar, canned and preserved,
value, by geographic divisions, 281, 287;
by method of treatment, 286, 287; quan-
tity, 287. See also Caviar.
Suckers, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 40.
Sunfish. See Bream and sunfish.
Surf clams. See Clams.
Surf-fish, or viviparous perch, origin of name,
9; quantity and value, by geographic divi-
sions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by
states, 40.
Susquehanna River district, fishery products
of, 231.
Susquehanna River fisheries, persons em-
ployed, 12, 16; capital, and value of
products, 12.
Sweden, imports of fishery products, 292.
See also Norway and Sweden.
Swordfish, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 40.
INDEX.
Tautog, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 40. .
Tennessee, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 242-245,
Tennessee River. See Cumberland and
Tennessee Rivers. :
Terrapin, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43. See also Terrapin and turtles.
Terrapin and turtles, comparison with pre-
vious census, 26. See also Turtles.
Texas, summary of fisheries, 13; persons em-
ployed, not including shoresmen, 18;
quantity and value of products, 25, 34;
detailed statistics, 245-250.
Tomcod, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 40.
Tongs. See Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc.
Tonnage, by classes of vessels, 21; by geo-
graphic divisions, 21, 23.
Trammel nets. See Nets.
Transporting vessels. See Vessels.
Trap nets. See Pound nets, trap nets, and
weirs.
Traps. See Pots and traps.
Trout, use of term, 9.
—— brook, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap-
ture, 32; by states, 40.
—— lake, rank in value, 24; quantity and
value, by grogrepaie divisions, 28; by
apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 40;
detailed statistics regarding, 60.
Turtles, quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43. See also Terrapin and tur-
tles and Shrimp and other shellfish (ex-
cept lobster) and turtles.
United Kingdom, value of exports of do-
mestic fishery products to, 291; of imports,
292, 293.
Utah, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18.
Venezuela, imports of fishery products, 292.
Vermont, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18.
Vessel crew, use of term, 14.
Vessel fisheries, salaries and wages, 14, 16;
persons employed, 14; per cent of total
number, 15; number, in Atlantic coast
division, 16; in Chesapeake Bay district,
16; capital invested in, 19, 20; average ton-
nage of vessels, 21, 23; number and value
of apparatus of capture, 22; of products,
29; detailed statistics, by states, 79-279.
Vessels, comparison with former censuses,
10; use of term, 19; classes of, 20; capital
invested in, 20, 22; average tonnage, 21, 23;
number and value, by geographic divisions,
23; detailed statistics, by states, 79-279.
—— fishing, capital invested in, 20, 22;
average tonnage, 21, 23; number and
value, by geographic divisions, 23.
—— transporting, salaries and wages, 14, 16;
persons employed, 14; per cent of total
number, 15; number, in Atlantic coast
division, 16; in Chesapeake Bay district,
16; capital invested in, 20, 22; average
tonnage, 21, 23; number and value, by
geographic divisions, 23. See also Vessels,
including outfit, and Vessels and boats,
including outfit.
Vessels, including outfit, capital invested in,
by geographic divisions, 22.
Vessels and boats, including outfit, value, by
geographic divisions, 11; by Atlantic
coast state groups, 11; in states on Chesa-
O
peake Bay, 12; on Great Lakes, 12; by
commercial fisheries, 19; detailed statis-
tics, by states, 79-279. See also Boats.
Virginia, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
get not including shoresmen, 18;
capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture,
21; Mera and value of products, 25,
34; detailed statistics, 251-262; canning
and preserving, fish and oysters, value of
by-products, 282; oysters canned, 285.
Wage-earners, number, by geographic divi-
sions and by main branches of industry,
14; in Atlantic coast division, 16; per cent
distribution and per cent of total persons
employed, 15; general statistics regarding,
17; by states, 79-279.
Wages, amount, by geographic divisions and
by main branches of industry, 14; in At-
lantic coast division, 16; general statistics
regarding, 17; by states, 79-279.
Washington, summary of fisheries, 13; per-
sons employed, not including shoresmen,
18; capital, 19; value of apparatus of cap-
ture, 21; quantity and value of products,
25, 34; detailed statistics, 262-270; can-
ning and preserving, fish and oysters,
value of by-products, 282; salmon product
of canneries and packing houses, 283; rank
in value, 283; cod packed, 284, 285; oys-
ters canned, 285.
Weirs. See Pound nets, trap nets, and
weirs.
West Indies, value of exports of domestic
sey products to, 291; of imports, 292,
9)
West Virginia, persons employed, not in-
cluding shoresmen, 18; quantity and value
of products, 25, 34; fisheries of, 270.
Whale fisheries, comparison with former cen-
suses, 10.
Whale oil. See Oil.
Whale products, quantity and value, 24;
comparison with previous census, 26;
detailed statistics regarding, 76.
Whalebone, comparison with previous cen-
sus, 26; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 43; exports of, 291; imports, by
country from which imported, 293.
Whaling apparatus, quantity and value of
products caught by, by geographic divi-
sions, 29.
Wheels and slides, number and value, 22;
quantity and value of products caught by,
by geographic divisions, 29; by states, 45.
White bass. See Bass.
White perch. See Perch.
Whitefish, origin of name, 9; rank in value,
24; quantity and value, by geographic
divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32;
by states, 41; detailed statistics regarding,
77; canned and preserved, value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 281, 287; by method of
treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 287.
Whiting, originofname,9. See also Whiting
and kinefish.
Whiting and kingfish, quantity and value,
by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus
of capture, 32; by states, 41.
Winkles, See Cockles, winkles, and conchs.
Wisconsin, summary of fisheries, 13; persons
employed, not including shoresmen, 18;
value of apparatus of capture, 21 3 quan-
tity and value of products, 25, 34; de-
tailed statistics, 270-279.
Wyoming, persons employed, not including
shoresmen, 18. :
Yellow perch. See Perch.
Yellowtail, quantity and value, by geo-
graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of
capture, 32; by states, 41.
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