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COLLEGE SERIES OF LATIN AUTHORS 


EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF 


CLEMENT LAWRENCE SMITH AND TRACY PECK, Epitors 
CHARLES KNAPP, AssociATE EDITOR 


SELECTED EPIGRAMS OF 
MARTIAL 


EDWIN POST 


COLLEGE SERIES OF LATIN AUTHORS 





SELECTED EPIGRAMS OF 
MARTIAL 


EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, 


BY 


EDWIN POST 


GEORGE MANNERS PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN 
De Pauw UNIVERSITY 


eae 


GINN & COMPANY 


BOSTON . NEW YORK - CHICAGO . LONDON 





ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL 





CopyRIGHT, 1908, BY 


CremenTt L.SuiTH AND Tracy Peck 





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PREFACE 


This volume is offered to the public with the belief that the 
selections herein found are sufficient in number and variety to 
illustrate fully the epigram as a form of literature and to afford 
valuable collateral information to those interested in Roman 
private life. However, in selecting the epigrams a wider inter- 
est in the subject matter has been continually kept in mind and 
the text has been so annotated as to make the book service- 
able in an ordinary reading course. 

To mention all the places in which preceding editors have 
been of help to me in the preparation of the commentary 
would smack of pedantry. I may, however, be allowed to say 
that my own annotations were originally worked out without 
reference to any other commentary. Subsequently most of the 
scholars who have devoted study to Martial, medieval and 
modern, were consulted, and attempt has been made, in intro- 
duction and commentary, to credit the proper sources with all 
that did not fairly appear to be common property. The text 
as edited by Mr. J. D. Duff for Professor Postgate’s Corpus, as 
well as M. Gaston Boissier’s monograph on Martial, I did not 
have in time for any use in preparing my manuscript. It goes 
without saying that in common with all recent students of 
Martial I have a large debt to pay to Professor Lindsay for 


.his work upon the text. The numbers of the epigrams found in 


this book have been made to conform to those in his (Oxford) 
text edition. 

My hearty thanks are due to Dr. Emory B. Lease of the 
College of the City of New York for suggestions concerning 
the meters, and to Mr. Nathan Wilbur Helm, now Instructor in 

v 


vi M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


the Phillips Exeter Academy, for repeated assistance rendered 
while he was an Instructor at Princeton University. No less am 
I appreciative of the painstaking and intelligent work of the 
proofreaders of the Athenzum Press. Lastly, but still before 
all others, my thanks are due to Professor Charles Knapp of 
Barnard College, Columbia University, who, serving as General 
Editor at the request of Professors Peck and Smith, subjected 
every part of my manuscript to the most careful examination, 
bringing to the editing of the book the results of his special 
study of Martial thus adding materially to the value of the 
work, not to speak of his interest and pains shown in seeing 
the book through the press. 

I shall be grateful to any who may be so good as to call my 


attention to errors. 
E. P. 


CONTENTS 


PacES 
INTROQUCTION ix to li 
TEXT AND NOTES . I to 326 
Book I I to 53 
Book II 54 to 76 
Book III . 77 to 100 
Book IV IoI to 126 
Book V 127 to 152 
Book VI z , ; : . 153 to 165 
Book VII . 166 to 183 
Book VIII 184 to 208 
Book IX 209 to 229 
Book X 230 to 273 
Book XI 274 to 287 
Book XII 288 to 316 
Book XIII 317 to 322 
Book XIV 323 to 326 
CRITICAL APPENDIX j à : 327 to 339 
INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED IN THE NOTES . 341 to 354 
GENERAL INDEX . j , ; i s - 355 to 402 


vii 


INTRODUCTION 


LJ 
I. MARTIAL: HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS 


I. It is a fact at once striking and suggestive that very few 
of the great representatives of Latin literature were born and 
bred in Rome; they came from the Italian towns and country 
districts, nay, in many cases, from the outlying provinces. Of 
these provinces Spain furnished more than her share of the men 
who gave distinction to the literature of Rome. M. Annaeus 
Seneca, the rhetorician, L. Annaeus Seneca, the philosopher, 
his more brilliant son, and Lucan, nephew of the latter, were 
all born at Corduba, Quintilian at Calagurris, Martial at Bilbilis. 
These writers, with others of lesser note, such as Columella 
and Pomponius Mela, almost constitute a Spanish school of 
Latin literature. 

2. Martial was born at Bilbilis Augusta!, a municipium in 
Hispania Tarraconensis on the road from Emerita to Caesar- 
augusta. The town was picturesquely situated on a high hill, 
at the base of which flowed the river Salo”. The wild scenery 
of his birthplace made a lasting impression upon the poet, 
and in after years he wrote of it with pride and longing. The 
splendor and charm of the imperial city were to him no match 
for the simple beauty of the home scenes, the praises of which 
he is not ashamed to sing. He even glories in the more practi- 
cal advantages of the place, as the seat of a considerable trade 


1 Cf, 1.61. 12; 10. 13. 1-2; 12. 18. 7-9. For our knowledge of Martial’s 
life we have to rely chiefly on the poet's own writings. 

? 10. 103. 1-2; 10. 104.6, Cf. also Anicius Paulinus, bishop of Nola 
in the fifth century, Carm. 10. 223 Bilbilim acutis pendentem. scopulis. 
For Bilbilim, however, the Vienna Corpus here reads Birbilim. 

ix 


x INTRODUCTION 


in iron and of the manufacture of weapons, for the hardening 
of which the cold waters of the Salo were believed to be 
especially fitted. ' 

3. Martial was born on the first day of March?. In 1o. 24 he 
informs us that he is fifty-seven years old. Since that book was 
written between 95 and 98 (13) he was born. between 38 and 41°. 

4. Martial was certainly of humble extraction? but he was 
probably ingenuus, free-born. It is hardly likely that he could 
have obtained the citizenship for others (8), had he not pos- 
sessed it himself. Rader®is probably right in assuming that, had 
he been a freedman, he would have mentioned his patronus. 

5. The poet's full name was M. Valerius Martialis. Some 
have supposed that he derived this name, not from his father, 
but from some benefactor; others have suggested that he 
assumed the name Valerius out of love for Valerius Catullus 
(34), and that he borrowed the name Martialis from that of 
his birth-month ®. 

6. His parents, (Valerius) Fronto and Flacilla’, appear to 
have been dead when he came to Rome. They had had the 


11. 49. 3-4 videbis altam, Liciniane, Bilbilin, | equis et armis nobilem; 
1. 49. 11 brevi Salone, qui | ferrum gelat; 4.55. 11-15 saevo Bilbilin opti 
mam metallo, quae vincit Chalybasgue Noricosque, et ferro Plateam 
suo sonantem, quam fiuctu tenui, sed inquieto armorum Salo tempe- 
rator ambit. 

29, 52; 10. 24. 1-2 zatales mihi Martiae Kalendae, lux formosior 
omnibus Kalendis; 10. 92. 10 Martem mearum principem Kalendarum. 

3 Unless otherwise stated, all dates in this book are dates A.D. 

2 IO. 96. 4. 

5 For this and similar citations see the Bibliography, pp. xlvii-li. 

$ Some late Mss. give him the agnomen Cocus. This may have 
been a nickname derived from his Xexza and Apophoreta; it is more 
likely, however, that it arose from a false reading in Aelius Lampridius 
(Alex. Severus 38) which the edttio Princeps made current for a time, 
though some think it originated in a misunderstanding of 6. 61. 7-8 
quam multi tineas pascunt blattasque diserti et redimunt soli carmina 
docta coci! See Scriverius, Animadversiones to Book I Praefatio, the 
notes on the same fraefatío in Schneidewin (editio mazor), and Brandt. 

7 5. 34; Brandt rr-12. 


INTRODUCTION xi 


disposition and the means to give their son training in gram- 
mar and rhetoric!; whether this training was secured at Bil- 
bilis or at some larger town, such as Caesaraugusta, cannot be 
determined. Perhaps the success attained at Rome by so many 
of their countrymen inspired the parents with an ambition to 
see their son equally successful there. 

7. Later, probably in 64?, he came to Rome to seek his 
fortune?; he was then between twenty-three and twenty-six 
years of age. At Rome, the center of wealth, fashion, and 
power, he spent the best thirty-four years of his life. The 
sight of *the city of marble", with its cosmopolitan street 
throngs, its 4ezZ inclosing the palaces of the rich, its fora 
and orticus flanked by noble trees, the temples of the gods 
and public buildings of every sort reflecting the sunlight from 
a thousand burnished roofs, must have moved profoundly the 
young provincial. The kaleidoscopic life of the imperial city 
Martial came to know thoroughly, both in its lighter and in its 
darker aspects. The epigrams reflect perfectly the Rome of 
Nero, Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. 

8. To Titus and Domitian he owed what little preferment 
came to him. Although a bachelor, he received the zus Zrium 
Liberorum*, i.e. the privileges and immunities that accrued to 
the father of three children, and the rank of zróbunus militum 
(the Zribunatus semestris)^, which carried with it the rights of 
an eques. Though Martial became most expert as a court 
flatterer, his years of faithful subservience appear to have 
profited him but little. An occasional invitation to a state 

19.73.7 at me litterulas stulti docuere parentes. 

? Martial makes no reference to the burning of the city in 64; we 
may infer that he did not reach Rome until after that catastrophe. 

3 Brandt, 18, thinks he came to practice law. 

4 3. 95. 5-6 praemia laudato tribuit mihi Caesar uterque | natorumque 
dedit iura paterna trium 9. 97. 5-6. 

2» 9 3. 95. 9-10 vidit me Roma tribunum et sedeo qua te suscitat Oceanus; 


5. 13. 2; 12. 29. 2. On the zribunatus semestris see e.g. Marq.-Wissowa 
Staatsv. 2. 368. 


xii INTRODUCTION 


dinner would afford but small compensation for the failure of 
the emperor (Domitian) to grant the trifling favors which the 
poet begged, such as his request for permission to tap ee 
Marcian aqueduct for his town house! or his appeals for money ”. 
Evidently, though the emperor might appreciate the poet's wit 
and 7ocz?, he took good care that they should not come at too 
high a price. The citizenship that Martial obtained for several 
persons cost the emperor nothing, but may have helped to 
replenish the poet's purse. 

The poet's flattery was lavished not only on the emperor, 
but on the court favorites and on the freedmen of the imperial 
house*. The names of the infamous Crispinus, of Euphemus, 
Earinus, Parthenius, and the like occur all too frequently in 
the epigrams. 

9. Though we know but little of the life of Martial for some 
years after he came to Rome, it is probable that he wrote 
poetry. It is possible that he **had passed middle life and 
stood at the beginning of his fortieth year before he wrote what 
has come down to us"5, but that “he wrote nothing under 
Nero, nor under Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian "5, is hardly 
likely". But poetry, even though published, could not keep 
the wolf from the door. When Martial came to Rome, some 
of the most influential and distinguished families there were of 
Spanigh origin. It is probable that he was soon made welcome 
at their palaces, especially at those of L. Annaeus Seneca (1), 
Annaeus Mela, and Iunius Pollio*. It can hardly be doubted 
that the influence of Seneca made him a eezs of C. Calpurnius 
Piso. But any satisfaction or advantage these powerful friends 
brought to him was short-lived, for the so-called conspiracy of 
Piso in 65 ruined these great houses and resulted in the death 
of all the Senecas and of Piso. Though the fate of these men 


19. 18. ? 6. 10. 8 4. 27; 5.6; 6.64.14; 7. 12. 1-2. * 9. 79. 
5 Schanz, Geschichte der rómischen Litteratur?, $ 413. — 9 Tyrrell 288. 
? Friedlander SG. 3. 386. See 1. 113, 8 4. 40; 12. 36. 8-9. 


INTRODUCTION xiii 


must have shocked the young provincial, and perhaps dashed 
to the ground his hopes of good things to come, it did not, so 
far as we know, inspire him to seek a more independent means 
of livelihood than that open to the c/iens, though Sellar? sug- 
gests that Quintilian and others had advised him to practice 
law?. He may have made a half-hearted attempt?; if so, he 
had small success. His dislike of the profession is clear*, 

IO. For thirty-four years he lived at Rome the precarious 
life of a hanger-on. He is a chronic beggar. Yet by a shrewd- 
ness amounting to art and an ingenuity of statement unparal- 
leled he almost succeeds in making begging attractive, or at 
least respectable. No beggar could be more polite or veil by 
more courtly words a mendicancy from which a more self- 
respecting man would have shrunk with horror. Well might 
his reader at times believe that Thalia as an inspiring cause 
had surrendered her place to Egestas. Yet,despite his numerous 
friends and the many 7a£roni to whom he paid court, he dragged 
on a hand-to-mouth existence. The extravagance that had 
characterized Nero's reign was checked by the death of the 
representatives of some of the richest houses and of Nero him- 
self. Vespasian was comparatively economical; the new families 
that came to the fore then took their cue from the Palatine. 
Under Domitian the danger of exciting the cupidity of the 
informers (de/atores) prevented a display that might have been 
‘encouraged by a happier era®. To the poet of Domitian’s day 
the times of Nero must have seemed like a Golden Age. 

One piece of property at least Martial owned, a small estate 
near Nomentum in the Sabine country, scantily provided with 
wood, water, or shelter, the gift, it would seem, of Seneca; if 
it did not afford him anything to eat, it provided him with a 
place of occasional refuge from the burdens of a client's life 

1P. xii. 

2 Sellar infers this from the tone of certain epigrams: see 2. 90; I. 17; 
2. 30. 58. 17. 4 5. 20. 6; 12. 68. 3. 5 Friedlander SG. 3. 442. 


xiv INTRODUCTION 


and the noise of the town. This place he owned as early as 
the year 841. 

11. In the city he had grown old in a garret up three 
flights?, though the discomforts of an zzsu/a on the Quirinalis 
were perhaps offset somewhat by the outlook over the trees 
that bordered the Porticus Agrippae? The house on the 
Quirinalis mentioned in 9. 18* probably afforded him ampler 
accommodations during the later years of his stay in Rome, 
but could not in any appreciable degree have lessened the 
pinch of poverty or the discomforts of the daily round. He 
seems to be ever in need, — now of a new toga, now of tile 
for a house ®, now of a Zacerna. If 7. 16 is to be taken seriously, 
he must at times have been sorely reduced. His poverty so 
embittered him that, when he compares his own lot with that 
of those whom he thinks less deserving, he is ready to blame 
his parents for the education they had afforded him. That he 
refers to a slave or two” may but emphasize his poverty, though 
at a later period, toward the end of his sojourn in Rome, he 
had a span of mules*. 

12. About 87 or 88 he retired from the city to Gallia To- 
gata (Cisalpine Gaul), as if he would make it his permanent 
home?. In 3.4 he hints at two reasons for this step, namely, 
weariness of the social round (officium) and the difficulty of 
eking out a living. He seems to have lived at Forum Cornelii? 
and to have visited places of interest within reach, especially” 
Altinum?! and Ravenna'?. But we find him soon back in Rome, 
although he appears to dream of a return to the north at some 
subsequent time !?. 


! Friedlander SG. 3. 445. See also 2. 38; 7. 36; 9. 18; 9.60; 9. 97.7; 
IO. 48. 19; 10. 58. 9-10; 10. 61; 10. 94; I2. 57. 23, 115. 

8 1, 108. 3-4. 

* The ninth book was written not later than 94. 

5 9. 18. 2; 9. 97. 8; 10. 58. 10; Hülsen Rhein. Mus. 49. 396. 

6 7. 36. 8 8. 61. 7. 10 3. 4. de 12 3. 56; 3. 57. 
T 5:343. E37 9:3. 1 4. 25. 13 4. 25. 


INTRODUCTION xv 


13. Prior to this time he had won an enviable position as 
an author. In 8o he had published the booklet called in the 
manuscripts Ep~igrammaton Liber, but commonly known as 
Liber Spectaculorum, because it was written to commemorate 
the spectacles incident to the dedication of the Flavian Amphi- 
theater (the Colosseum) in 80. These little poems set Rome 
to talking and made the reading public eager for more from 
the same hand. Martial was so flattered by their favorable 
reception that he was emboldened to send an author's copy 
to the emperor himself : 

Da veniam subitis: non displicuisse meretur, 

festinat, Caesar, qui placuisse tibi!. 

Friedlànder and Gilbert, however, think that some of the 
pieces may have been added in a second edition. Next ap- 
peared the two books of ejzgrammata, in the. literal sense of 
the term epigram *, that is, epigrammatic inscriptions to accom- 
pany presents such as the Romans sent to friends at the 
Saturnalia. These appeared in 84 or 85 as Xenza and Afo- 
phoreta; they were later appended to the other poems as 
Books XIII and XIV. Although not worthy of comparison 
with his later creations, they seem to have won for Martial a 
definite literary standing?; thereafter he published in regular 
sequence the several books. Books I and II were apparently 
given to the world together, in 85 or, more probably, in 86*. 

Internal evidence? shows that Book III was published in 87 
or 88 at Forum Cornelii?; Book IV in the latter part of 88; 
Book V about a year later; Book VI in 90; Book VII in 92; 
Book VIII about the middle of 93; Book IX about a year 
later. Of Book X there were two editions; of these the first 
appeared in 95, the second in 98, after the accession of Trajan. 
Meanwhile Book XI had been written for the Saturnalia of 96. 


1 Liber Spectaculorum 3r. 2 See §§ 21; 26. 91. 1; z. 6. 
4 Friedlander, Einleitung, 53; Dau 8 ff.; Stobbe, PA/e/agus, 26. 62. 
5 Friedlander, Einleitung, 53 ff. $ See $ 12. 


xvi INTRODUCTION 


There is reason to think that, after Nerva came to the throne, 
Martial realized that, because of its obscenity, he could not send 
an author’s copy of Book XI to the emperor, and that he there- 
fore made an anthology out of Books X and XI’. It will be 
noticed that the several books from III to XI appeared quite 
regularly. But Rome waited until 101, or, more probably, until 
102, for Book XII; by that time Martial had left the city 
forever. No complete edition of the poet's works appeared 
until after his death. 

14. Martial spent in all thirty-four years at Rome*. In 98 
he returned to his native Bilbilis. What moved him to depart 
we can only surmise. Did he feel that his róle of polite beggar 
had been played to a finish? Did love of native land and the 
desire to be forever emancipated from the poor client's life, 
with a longing for quietude and rest, prove stronger than the 
motives which, when he was younger, had been masterful®? 
His means were always limited, despite the possession of the 
estate at Nomentum * and of a modest town house. With these 
narrow resources he could not but contrast with longing the 
rude plenty of his far-away home®. Besides, as he grew older, 
he felt more and more the burden of his social duties. Pos- 
sibly insomnia* or illness that warned him that the end might 
not be far off" helped to a final decision. Some have thought 
that the new régime? which was realized under Trajan, if not 
under Nerva, made it clear to Martial that the chances for a 
livelihood were now less for a man who must live by his wits. 
But Martial had lived for a long time without much imperial 
favor, and, despite the ups and downs incident to a hand-to- 
mouth existence, the balance was on the profit side of the 
account®. Perhaps no one motive was uppermost in his mind. 


1 See Schanz $ 414. $ 10. 74; 12. 57; 12. 68; 14. 125. 
2 10. 103. 7; 10. 104. 10; 12. 3I. 7. 76. 70. 
? 1. 49; 4. 55; 10. 96. 1. ? 10.72; I1. 7 


* See § 10. 5 2, 48. 9 12. 34. 


INTRODUCTION xvii 


In Rome he had never ceased to long for the home of his 
youth’, for the ease of life there, its freedom from restraint, 
its comparative abundance?. He left Rome apparently with- 
out regret. His little property could not have brought him 
much, for Pliny® tells us that he himself furnished the means 
to defray the expenses of the homeward journey. 

15. Whether Martial had any prospect of a livelihood in 
Spain before he left Rome we know not. In Bilbilis, however, 
he found in a certain Marcella a patroness and a friend. To 
her he owed the gift of an estate well provided with the things 
his estate at Nomentum (10) had lacked‘; this made him 
comfortable, if not independent. Other friends seem to have 
contributed to his comfort at this time, at least to some extent?. 
There is no proof that Marcella was his wife or his mistress. 
Martial always speaks of her with profound respect; she ap- 
pears to have been a woman of great charm and culture’, in 
whose society he could forget what he had lost in Rome. 

For some time the poet seems to have enjoyed himself to 
the full in Bilbilis, if we may judge from the epigrams ad- 
dressed to his old friend Juvenal (16; 19)*. But the novelty 
soon wore off. To the cosmopolitan crowds of Rome, its 
immense and splendid structures, the games of the circus, the 
contests of the amphitheater, the libraries and the recztationes 
and the many other incentives to the intellectual life that the 
imperial city afforded, the provinciality and barrenness of life 
in the little town on the Salo must have presented a painful 
contrast. The preface to Book XII voices the new discontent, 
which is echoed in the subsequent epigrams. This regret per- 
haps affected his health and hastened his death, for it is evident 
that he did not live long after the completion of Book XII. 


1 yo. 13; 10. 96; IO. 103; 10. 104. 2 1, 49; 4. 55; 12. 18. 

3 Ep. 3. 21. 2. 4 12, 31. 5 See e.g. 12. 3. 

6 Such passages as 2. 92; 3. 92; 4. 24; 11. 43; 11. 104 do not warrant 
the belief that Martial had a wife at Rome. " 12. 21. 5 12. 18. 


xviii INTRODUCTION 


* He seems to have outlived his enjoyments, ambitions, and 
hopes". He died not later than 104; the letter in which 
Pliny * refers to his death cannot have been written after that 
year?. 

16. Having thus given a general survey of Martial's life, 
we may now consider certain matters in detail. First, let us 
note the people to whom Martial paid court in Rome or with 
whom he associated there. They constitute a motley company 
indeed; among them, besides those already mentioned, were 
scholars, lawyers, senators, men in public life, freedmen, spies 
(delatores), soldiers, and nobodies. With most of the literary 
men of the town the poet was acquainted, if not on terms of 
intimacy. During the latter half of the first century Roman 
literature still had worthy representatives, if not those of the 
first class. Lucan's Pharvsaza must have been well-nigh fin- 
ished, though not yet published, when Martial reached Rome, 
if indeed, in the shape in which we have it, it was published 
before the death of its author. Likewise the work of Seneca 
the philosopher was practically ended, for he, with Lucan, 
perished within a few months after Martial reached Rome*. 
Silius Italicus, consul in 685, and Statius were the fashionable 
writers of the epos; the latter distinguished himself also in 
lyric poetry. Tacitus was to win for himself a great name as 
a historian and Juvenal was to attain like eminence in satire. 
Pliny the Elder had still about fifteen years of work to do. 
Quintilian lived until within a year or two of Martial's final 
departure from Rome. 

17. Among a multitude of lesser literary lights may be 
mentioned Stertinius Avitus, the poet, consul suffectus in 92, 
who signally honored Martial®, L. Arruntius Stella, the poet, 


1 Tyrrell 288. 2 Plin. Ep. 3. 21. 
3 Brandt, 37, thinks his death could not have happened before roo 
Or IOI. * See $9. 5 4. 14. 


9$ Cf. Praefatio to Book IX; ro. 96. 


INTRODUCTION xd 


consul in ror or 1021, Sex. Iulius Frontinus, the distinguished 
engineer, who was thrice consul? and author of the well-known 
works De aquis urbis Romae and Strategematica. Martial 
seems to have been on very friendly terms with his country- 
man Decianus, from Emerita. Book II is dedicated to him, 
and in 1.61 he is deemed worthy of mention with Vergil, 
Catullus, Livy, Ovid, Seneca, etc. To these are to be added 
Canius Rufus, a witty poet from Cadiz?, Licinianus, the 
pleader, a fellow-townsman of Martial*, and another Spaniard 
from Bilbilis, Maternus the jurist*. 

18. There is, however, reason to believe that Martial was 
not on the best of terms with all of his literary contemporaries. 
For example, Martial never mentions Statius, nor does Statius 
mention Martial. This at first sight seems strange, since they 
had many mutual friends and touched repeatedly on the same 
themes. Cf. M. 6. 21 with S. 1. 2, M. 6. 28 with S. 2. 1, 
M. 6. 42 with S. 1. 5, M. 7. 215; 7.22; 7.23 with S. 2. 7, 
M. 7. 40 with S. 3. 3, M. 9. 12; 9. 13; 9. 165; 9.173 9. 36 
with S. 3. 4, M. 9. 43; 9. 44 with S. 4. 69. Yet it is easy to 
see that Martial can have had little sympathy with the literary 
ideals of Statius. Martial worked a vein almost wholly new, 
his product was light and up-to-date; Statius dreamed of pro- 
ducing a great epic. To Juvenal and to Martial both, with 
their contempt of the long-winded epics which were the terror 
of the unhappy folk whose social relations virtually compelled 
them to listen to them at the vecitationes, the ambition of 
Statius must have seemed puerile. All this explains the ill- 
concealed antipathy of Martial and Juvenal to Statius. 


1 1, 61. 4; 7. 36; 10. 48. 5; 11. 52. 15. 

? yo. 48. 20; 10. 58. 

8 1, 61.9; 10. 48. 5. 

* I. 49. 3; I. 61. 11. 

51.96; 2. 74; 10. 37. 1-4. 

6 The references to Statius are to his Silvae. See further Friedlander 
SG. 3. 450; Vollmer, Statius, 20, N. 3. 


. 


XX INTRODUCTION 


19. Of Martial’s intimacy with Juvenal there can be hardly 
a doubt. Between satirist and epigrammatist there was evi- 
dently a fellow-feeling. The close parallelism between the 
satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial has been re- 
peatedly remarked and discussed’. 

20. Other patrons of the poet, especially during his last 
years at Rome, were Cocceius Nerva, subsequently emperor? ; 
the brothers Domitius Tullus and Lucanus, whose riches may 
have recommended them to Martial?; M. Aquilius Regulus‘, 
famous as an orator and infamous as a 4Ze/azor; L. Licinius 
Sura?, thrice consul, who influenced Nerva to make Trajan 
his successor and had much to do with placing Hadrian on 
the throne; L. Appius Maximus Norbanus? and M. Antonius 
Primus’, of Gaul, distinguished generals both; Atedius Melior, 
the exquisite. Martial's friendship with these men may have 
been merely formal; he may well, however, have been on 
more intimate terms with Aulus Pudens?, who is often men- 
tioned by his praenomen Aulus, as he was with Q. Ovidius, 
who lived near his estate at Nomentum”, and with Iulius 
Martialis. Much that Martial wrote had a personal sting ; 
such writing inevitably gave offense and made enemies. These 
apparently gave him trouble from time to time, though that 
they seriously interfered with his attempts to ingratiate himself 
with the persons to whom he paid court may well be doubted: 


II. MARTIAL AS POET 


21. Scholars agree that Martial wrote epigrams. But what 
is an epigram? The basic Greek word, éríypaupa, means an 


1 See Friedlander in Bursian's /aAresbericAt, 72. 191 (1892); H. Net- 
tleship, Journal of Philology, 16. 41 ff. (1888) = Lectures and Essays, 
Second Series, 117 ff.; H. L. Wilson 4./. P. 19. 193 ff. 

2 5.28.4:8. 7019.26. 91.36. *1.12. 57.47. 99.84. "1o. 23. 

8 2. 69; 4. 54.8; 6. 28 ? 1. 31; 12.51. 1? 1. 105; 9. 52; 13. 119. 

Mp. 15; 4. 64; 5. 20; 7. 17; 9. 97; IO. 47; 12. 34. 


INTRODUCTION xxi 


inscription, something written upon an object of interest. The 
modern lexicographer says: “In a restricted sense, [an epi- 
gram is] à short poem or piece in verse, which has only one 
subject and finishes by a witty or ingenious turn of thought ; 
hence, in a general sense, an interesting thought represented 
happily in à few words, whether verse or prose; a pointed or 
antithetical saying "'!. 

22. What relation does this modern definition bear to the 
*basic Greek word? Lack of appreciation of literary form or 
crass ignorance has at various times applied the term epigram 
to almost every kind of short poem; yet we cannot reduce all 
real epigrams to a single category. The truth seems to be 
that the term “ epigram," even when correctly employed, has 
not been used at all periods for the same thing. 

Originally, in the Greek sense, the epigram was an epigraphic 
poem or composition in verse, an inscription upon some monu- 
ment or work of art, explanatory or descriptive of it, or com- 
memorative of some person or event. Extreme simplicity and 
stylistic purity characterize this species of epigram?. Of this 
earliest form, in which the poems dealt with real persons or 
were addressed to real persons or were actual inscriptions, 
Simonides of Ceos is the greatest representative. Take for 
example his epigram on the seer Megistias? : 


M»fjua ró8e kXewoto Meywrría, bv rore Mijdoe 
Zmepxeiv Torauóv kreivav áuevjáuevot, 

padvrios, bs Tóre kfjpas érepxouévas ada. eldws 
ok riy Zrrápraqs Tryeuóvas wpodureiv. 


23. During the brilliant period of Greek culture which suc- 
ceeded the dissolution of Alexander's empire and which, because 


1 Century Dictionary. 2 See Mahaffy 1. 193. 
3 For the text see Bergk-Hiller, Anthologia Lyrica (1897), p. 251, 
No. 79. The epigram has been thus translated by John Stirling: 
Of famed Megistias here behold the tomb: 
Him on this side Spercheus slew the Medes, 
A seer who well foresaw his coming doom, 
But would not lose his share in Sparta's deeds. 


Xxli INTRODUCTION 


its center was Alexandria, has been called the Alexandrian 
epoch, the epigram received marked attention. * Besides the 
new treatment of old forms, there were three kinds of poetry, 
first developed or perfected at Alexandria, which have special 
interest for us from the great celebrity they gained when 
imported into Rome. They are the didactic poem, the erotic 
elegy, and the epigram "'. Epigrams were now composed not 
only on real but on purely imaginary subjects. The satirical and 
the erotic elements were added during this period. Brilliancy - 
of style took the place of purity, and the simplicity of Simonides 
gave way to rivalry which aimed ever to produce something 
new. Leonidas of Tarentum, apparently a contemporary of 
Pyrrhus of Epirus, is perhaps the best exponent of this style. 
An example of his work is his epigram on a certain Crethon : 
Avra éri Kpjéwvos é^yà Mos otvoua kelvov 
Syrobca, Kprj&ev 5° éyx66wos ooi. 
6 piv kal T'óyg mapicedpevos UNgov, 6 7d ply 
Bovrduwy, 6 mplv rrovowos atroMoss, 
6 plv — Tl melo uvOcüu' ri; Tact uakaprós, 
ged, yalns Uca qs Ucaov exe uópiov?. 

24. A further development is seen in the epigrams of Me- 
leager of Gadara, a Syrian by birth, who flourished about 9o p.c. 
Here the erotic element has full play. Extreme elegance and 
imaginative power truly oriental characterize his diction. Of 
him Mr. Symonds says?: * His poetry has the sweetness of 


1 Cruttwell 218. 
? See Stadtmüller, Anthologia Graeca (1899), z. s15. The following 
translation appears in Bland's Collections, 1 38: 
Iam the tomb of Crethon: here you read 
His name; himself is numbered with the dead, 
Who once had wealth, not less than Gyges’ gold, 
Who once was rich in stable, stall, and fold, 
Who once was blest above all living men 
With lands — how narrow now! so ample then! 


* The Greek Poets, z. 321. Symonds's whole chapter on * The An- 
thology ", 2. 281-344, is of importance to the student of the epigram. See 
also Mackail, Select Epigrams of the Greek Anthology?, Introduction. 


INTRODUCTION xxiii 


the rose, the rapture and full-throated melody of the nightin- 
gale". Compare for example his epigram on Zenophilas! : 
Evdets, ZqvooiXa, rpupepdy 0áNos- ef6" rl col viv 
darepos elove vrvos eri Brepdpors, 
ws éri cot und" obros, 6 kal Aids Üupara Oédywr, 
Qorríjo au, kárexov 5 abrós &yó ce pdvos. 

25. From these comparatively simple forms great variety 
was developed. In later days the ancients themselves recog- 
nized the mixed character of the epigram. Pliny the younger, 
speaking of the poems he had composed in his leisure hours, 
remarks?: unum illud praedicendum videtur, cogitare me has 
nugas inscribere hendecasyllabos, gui titulus sola metri lege 
constringitur. Proinde, sive epigrammata sive idyllia sive 
eclogas sive, ut multi, poematia seu quod aliud vocare maluerts, 
licebit voces, ego tantum hendecasyllabos praesto. 

26. Epigrams will then, for practical purposes, fall into the 
following classes: (1) true epigrams, or superscriptions of the 
epigraphic form, such as might be put upon a building, a 
tomb, or a work of art (we shall find such in Martial) ; (2) short 
erotic poems; (3) society verses, poems due to special occa- 
sions, etc. — indeed, any short poem expressing a single striking 
idea ; (4) the short poem, generally satirical in character, hav- 
ing what we call a “ point ". 

It is the fourth class that allies the epigram so closely in 
common estimation with satire. Indeed, some refuse to regard 
as epigrams poems of any other sort. But, provided the form 
is preserved, the epigram may be elegy (compare the monu- 
mental inscription), satirical thrust, **a don mot set off with a 
couple of rhymes "', or an erotic effusion. 

1 See Stadtmüller (1894) 1. 150; Mackail r.xlii (p. 114). Theepigram 
is translated thus in Bland's Collections, 224: 

Thou sleep’st, soft silken flower! Would I were Sleep, 
For ever on those lids my watch to keep! 


So should I have thee all mine own — nor he, 
Who seals Jove's wakeful eyes, my rival be. 


2 Ep. 4. 14. 8 


xxiv INTRODUCTION 


27. But what are the essentials of this literary form? Cer- 
tainly not mere brevity, for not all short poems, even on 
subjects such as have been mentioned above, are epigrams. 
Lessing!, attempting to show how the literary epigram took form 
from the inscription, for example, on a tomb, calls attention 
to the fact that the monument and the inscription have a 
common object, to excite and to gratify the interest of the 
beholder. The two, he argues, are thus parts of a whole; 
the interest attracted by the monument is but introductory to 
interest in the inscription. The epigram, he continues, in the 
later or literary sense has two parts: first, a part which is 
intended to awaken interest or curiosity by description or per-. 
sonal allusion ; secondly, the conclusion, the part that satisfies 
our curiosity, often by some unexpected turn. This last is 
known as the “point”. There is no literary canon to deter- 
mine the relative length of these two parts of the epigram, 
any more than there is a rule to prescribe the relation between 
the length of the inscription upon a building and the size or 
character of the structure itself. Naturally, the inscription 
must in mere size bear but slight relation to the monument ; 
so the point must be concisely made, however long the intro- 
duction may have been. This point must also be well made ; 
it must be clear; otherwise, the epigram will be no better 
than other poor wit. 

28. In view of the imitative tendency so markedly present 
in the earliest literary attempts of the Romans, it would be 
strahge if we should fail to see in the first epigrams written at 
Rome more or less dependence on Greek epigrammatic models. 
The simple epitaphs of Naevius, Plautus, and Pacuvius ? seem 
to be essentially Greek, and remind us of Simonides (22), 


1 Ueber das Epigram, ix. 3 ff. 

? See Aulus Gellius 1. 24; he styles them epigrammata. For our 
purposes it is unnecessary to determine whether these epitaphs were 
actually written by Naevius, Plautus, and Pacuvius or not. 


INTRODUCTION xxv 


or even of Callimachus, who was more in sympathy with 
the earlier writers than with his contemporaries. Callim- 
achus has been truly called in some respects “the finished 
master" of Greek epigram; his share in molding Roman 
literature was great. From Ennius to Varro* Romans tried 
their hands at simple epigrammatic verse-writing, following 
closely these early models. Yet before Martial's time there 
were representatives of the erotic and society epigram, espe- 
cially in the last century of the Republic. Of these writers of 
epigrams? Catullus (87-54 B.c.) was by far the most gifted. 
But Catullus's epigrams were mainly erotic in type. Therein 
he is to be compared not so much with his countrymen as 
with the Greek writers of Alexandria, who influenced more or 
less most of the great Roman poets of the late Republic and 
the early Empire. Indeed, we. do not ordinarily think of 
Catullus as an epigrammatist at all, though it is entirely rea- 
sonable to characterize many of his pieces as epigrams and 
though Martial acknowledged him to be his own model and 
master (34). 

29. It was, however, reserved for a later generation to pro- 
duce the perfect master of the epigram, who saw in it not 
merely love poem or elegiac trifle, but all of which the epigram 
was capable, and accordingly was able to fix forever the char- 
acter of this particular literary form. ‘Martial is the most 
finished master of the epigram, as we understand it. ... The 
harmless plays on words, sudden surprises, and neat turns of 
expression, which bad satisfied the Greek and earlier Latin 
epigrammatists, were by no means stimulating enough for the 
blasé taste of Martial's day. The age cried for oz, and with 
point Martial supplies it to the full extent of its demand. His 
pungency is sometimes wonderful ; the whole flavour of many a 
sparkling little poem is pressed into one envenomed word, like 


1 Cf. here especially Varro's Zzagznes. 
? Teuffel § 31. 


XXV1 INTRODUCTION 


the scorpion’s tail whose last joint is a sting” |l Stephenson 
says?: “He knew what his age was capable of in poetry and 
what he himself was capable of, and he rigidly adhered to. his 
last. In a time of almost universal self-ignorance on this sub- 
ject, in a time when every poetaster wrote an epic, when poetic 
composition was an accomplishment that ‘no gentleman could 
be without’, when men would beg, borrow, buy, or steal verses 
rather than confess an inability to produce them, . . . it shows 
a rare self-restraint in Martial that he stuck to what he knew he 
could do, in spite of the invitations of friends and the sneers of 
enemies (1. 107; 9. 50) ". Merivale, in his review of the lit- 
erature of this period, remarks?: “The epigram is the crown- 
ing result of this elaborate terseness of diction, and this lucid 
perception of the aim in view. The verses of Martial are the 
quintessence of the Flavian poetry.... The careful felicity 
of Horace is reproduced in Martial under the form which most 
aptly befits the later age in which he flourished. The lyrics 
of the Augustan period are characteristically represented by 
the epigrams of the Flavian ". 

Martial not only made the epigram in the sense in which we 
understand that term, but he successfully challenges compari- 
son with the greatest epigrammatists of all literatures. He is 
preéminently the master of the epigram, in its every variety. 
He could write an inscriptional epigram which could serve as: 
a real epitaph (21), or a verbal caricature, or a bit of satire 
whose point needs no interpreter. 

30. No one has drawn with so faithful a pencil the every- 
day life of the Mistress of the World. Nowhere else can the 
student who would really know at first-hand how the Romans 
lived learn so much, especially of the seamy and darker side of 
Roman life. In his pages we see the gladiators in the arena 
or the hawker as he sells boiled pease to a circle of idlers in 
the streets. Before us stalks the man who has won wealth by 

1 Cruttwell 432. ? P, xix. 8 B. Br. 


INTRODUCTION xxvii 


poisoning a succession of wives. At one moment the reader is 
transported to the seaside villa or to a city Zrcinium where 
the poor cZezs is insulted with the meanest of fare while the 
rex himself feasts on the fat of the land and the best the sea 
can yield ; at another moment we visit the bazaar, and, as we 
watch the shopper, are made to realize that his modern suc- 
cessor is not more up to date than was the man of the first 
century, who, though he has no intention to purchase, exam- 
ines the finest wares and inquires the price of every article. 
In the theater the man with the face of brass insists on having 
the seat to which he has no right, until he is forced out by the 
usher. We catch a glimpse of the ladies' man as he whispers 
in a fair girl's ear, or sings the latest Egyptian ditty, or whistles 
the airs of Cadiz. We brush against the exquisite who, with 
every lock on- his head in its particular place and with the last 
hair extracted from his chin, is in an agony lest his neigh- 
bor's elbow shall rub his newly whitened toga. Thus there 
passes before us an endless panorama of legacy-hunters, dinner- 
seekers, adventurers, beauties, dandies, poets, upstarts, — in a 
word, the men and women, good and bad, who made the Rome 
of Martial's day. 

31. Martial has a variety that appears to be endless. He 
can weep over the death of a slave girl, or put in the pillory 
the parvenu who gets sick that he may show off his expensive 
bedclothes to the acquaintances who come to visit him. For 
his friends the poet has an affection that is sincere, for his 
enemies a whip of scorpions. The fact that Martial simply 
paints life as he saw it without attempting to preach or moral- 
ize, as the avowed satirist must do, makes his pictures of 
society and of life the more reliable. Although the colors of 
the picture are sometimes lurid or very black, we do not ques- 
tion its truth. Martial not only knew the Rome which he 
describes, but he understood human nature and in particular 
the people among whom he moved. Althóugh worldly wisdom 


xxviii INTRODUCTION 


is not so much in evidence in his pages as in those of Horace, 
we cannot deny that he has such wisdom. Martial, further, 
has brilliancy and delicacy of touch, wit far surpassing that 
displayed by any of his contemporaries, and originality that 
amounts almost to genius. Even when he seems to borrow, 
as from the Greek Lucillius, he has made the material his own 
by a different use or has surpassed his original *. 

32. Unfortunately, however, there is much truth in the 
charges of grossness and obscenity often brought against Mar- 
tial, though, after all, of the whole body of epigrams, aggre- 
gating 1500 or more, four fifths are wholly unobjectionable. 
Martial himself warns the chaste and the young not to read 
certain of his poems, at the same time insisting that, although 
his verses are sometimes obscene, his life was not bad* Yet, 
though he may have been somewhat excused by his contem- 
poraries on the ground that grossness of speech was common 
and that the best of men occasionally wrote and spoke in a 
way that in our day would exclude them from decent society, 
nothing can serve to render the more objectionable pieces 
tolerable to the modern reader. That these pictures are ter- 
ribly realistic and truly representative of actual life may en- 
hance their value for the moralist, but such realism makes the 
pieces involved lose in literary value. Martial's motive was 
probably to amuse a constituency that liked to be amused 
in that way; he seems to have given his readers what they 
wanted. He cannot plead, as Juvenal might have pleaded, a 
righteous indignation as justification for his license of speech. 

33. As already suggested, Martial possessed hard common 
sense, fertility of expression, wit, and ingenuity, qualities which 
stood him in good stead in his writing of epigrams. Yet he 
was a careful student of his predecessors among the Latin 
poets. On Greek models he seems to have depended less. 


1 Friedlander, Einleitung, 19. 
? See below, § 37. 


INTRODUCTION XXIX 


Sellar’ calls attention to the fact “that while among the vari- 
ous presents for which he has written’ inscriptions there are 
copies of Virgil, Propertius, Livy, Sallust, Ovid, Tibullus, Lucan, 
Catullus, and Calvus, there is mention only of two Greek books 
— Homer and the Thais of Menander.... In one epigram 
(5. 10), in which he gives instances of the greatest Greek and 
the greatest Roman genius, the names which he specifies are 
Homer and Menander, Virgil and Ovid". The quotation of 
a few Greek proverbs and the use of current Latinized Greek 
words ? and references to Greek stories that were common lit- 
erary property? prove no extended acquaintance with Greek 
models*. It is perfectly clear that Martial belonged to the 
new school of Roman poets? and also that he drank inspira- 
tion from more than one fountain. Though he does not seem 
to have borrowed from Silius and Lucan 5, there is abundant 
evidence that he knew Domitius Marsus and the Priapeia’, 
Calvus, Pedo Albinovanus, Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus 5, 
and the Augustan poets Tibullus, Propertius?, Horace !*, and 
especially Vergil 14, who, as the many references to him show, 
is to Martial a very corypheus among poets. To Ovid Mar- 
tial owed much 2. Ovid's salaciousness and the perfection to 
which he had brought the elegiac distich commended him to 


1 Introduction xxxi. 

2 See e.g. 1. 27. 2; 2. 43. 1; 5. 38. 3- 

3 See e.g. 1. 53. 7; 4- 49i 5. 39-93 5: 49. I1; 10. 35; 1I. 84. 9. 

* See Stephani, passim. $ Zingerle, II, passim. 

5 r1. go. 7 Wagner 35-42. 

3 Cf. the mention of Gaetulicus in the Praefatio to Book I. Pliny, 
Ep. 5. 3. 5, in defending himself against those who criticised him for 
writing light verse, pleads the good company of an array of poets, among 
whom are Calvus and Gaetulicus. 

9 Wagner 25-35. 

10 Wagner 17-25. Martial 16. 68. 1 seems to be an echo of Horace 
C. 1. 7. 1-2; cf. also Martial 1. 15. 12 with C. 1. 11. 8, Martial 8. 18. 6 
with C. 4. 2. 1-4. See Keller and Holder on Horace Ep. 1. 20. 12 (cf. 
Martial 6. 61. 7) and on Ars Poetica 342 (cf. Martial 1. 25. 2-4). 

11 Wagner 3-17. 1? Zingerle, passim. 


XXX INTRODUCTION 


Martial. Still, Martial was influenced more by Ovid’s hexam- 
eters than by his pentameters. It is impossible to say just 
how far Martial intentionally or unconsciously imitated Ovid, 
but the reality of an imitation that embraces more than two 
hundred counts! cannot be questioned. This imitation has to 
do not only with meter, but with phraseology and turns of 
expression. 

34. But, if Martial owed much to Ovid, to Catullus he owed 
more 2. In his praise he cannot say too much. If only he can 
be named with his great exemplar as a worthy second, he is 
content. Cf. for example ro. 78. 14-16: 

sic inter veteres legar poetas 
nec multos mihi praeferas priores, 
uno sed tibi sim minor Catullo. 
In 10. 103. 4-6, writing of Bilbilis, he says: 
nam decus et nomen famaque vestra sumus, 
nec sua plus debet tenui Verona Catullo 
meque velit dici non minus illa suum. 
That Martial had enthroned Catullus as his favorite author 
and as such had studied him profoundly and thought it an 
honor to imitate him there can be no doubt. Catullus's pre- 
eminence in the use of hendecasyllabic verse was as marked 
as Ovid's in the mastery of the elegiac distich. Naturally, then, 
it is in this form of verse and in the choliambic that Martial's 
tendency to follow Catullus is most marked. But, aside from 
this, Martial recognizes the older poet as his master when he 
imitates him in words, phrases, and expressions *. 

35. But, though he derived inspiration from such masters of 
his art as Ovid and Catullus, Martial has merits of style that are 

1 Friedlander, Einleitung, 25. ? Paukstadt, passim. 

* For a detailed exhibit of the various kinds of imitation — for ex- 
ample, the repetition of the first word of a poem at the very end, as 
the last word of the piece, the position of words, the tendency to begin 


or to end verses immediately succeeding one another with the same 
word — see Paukstadt. 


INTRODUCTION xxxi 


independent enough. He can express himself to the point, with 
absolute clearness and without waste of words. When he says! 
a nostris procul est omnis vesica libellis 
musa nec insano syrmate nostra tumet, 
he tells the plain truth and expresses his contempt for the 
prevailing false rhetoric of his time, a style that tore passion 
to tatters, and by bombast and bathos and all the tricks of the 
rhetorician aimed to win the applause of the crowds that 
thronged the recifafienes. We must not, however, shut our 
eyes to outright blunders in matters of fact and a'certain care- 
lessness of expression that occurs too frequently in the poems?. 


III. MARTIAL THE MAN 


36. Of Martial we have no “counterfeit presentment”, 
though he gives us almost a pen picture of himself in 10. 65 
by contrast with a Greek exquisite. 

His virtues were offset by faults that were great and terribly 
patent. Though we need not assume with Teuffel? that he 
was weak in character, it is impossible to excuse and not easy 
to explain his servile flattery, his grossness and obscenity. 
When he has no purpose to serve he is perfectly frank and 
sincere; when he is thinking of the emperor or his minions he 
is a consummate lickspittle and time-serving hypocrite. He 
seems never to be aware that in his attempts to win imperial 
favor he is himself a conspicuous example of the hypocrisy 
which he condemned in others. To Martial Domitian is the 
dominus et deus that the imperial despot claimed to be, a 
patriot*, Father of his Country, a great warrior, and the em- 
bodiment of the virtues ! 

1 

2 See e.g. 8. 18. 5; 12. 94. 5; Gilbert, Quaestiones Criticae, 3; Fried- 
lánder, Einleitung, 20. 3 8 322. 


* Cf. 5. 19. 5-6 pulchrior et maior quo sub duce Martia Roma? sub 
quo libertas principe tanta fuit? 


xxxii INTRODUCTION 


Still, abject flattery was, in Martial's day, so common as to 
have become conventional. To persons wont to address the 
emperor as domnus et deus the words must soon have become 
little more than empty sound. Martial is no more fulsome 
than many of his literary contemporaries, for example, Statius. 
It was hardly to be expected that a poor man like Martial, 
who could recall men who had paid for independence of spirit 
with their lives, should act otherwise toward the despot than 
did his literary contemporaries. In such an age as Domitian’s 
reign! men are apt to think that the living dog is better than 
the dead lion. Most readers will agree that the judgment of 
Professor Tyrrell is fair*: ** It is customary to represent Martial 
as the most debased of flatterers, who licked the feet of the 
living Domitian and spat on his corse. This view is not alto- 
gether wrong. ... He undoubtedly exaggerates habitually 
anything good that may be found in the living Domitian, and 
studiously conceals his faults; but that he insulted the dead 
emperor is not true. What are his allusions to Domitian after 
his death? He writes to Nerva: sub principe duro temporibus- 
que malis ausus es esse bonus. This and a few other equally 
moderate utterances® are the grounds on which the indict- 
ment rests". In passing judgment we must not forget that 
the only hope Martial had of winning anything from the court 


1 An age vividly characterized by Tacitus, Agricola, 3: Quid si per 
quindecim annos, grande mortalis aevi spatium, multi fortuitis casibus, 
‘promptissimus quisque saevitia principis interciderunt, pauci, ut sic di- 
xerim, non modo aliorum, sed etiam nostri superstites sumus, exemptis e 
media vita tot annis, quibus iuvenes ad senectutem, senes prope ad ipsos 
exactae aetatis terminos per silentium venimus? 

? P. 285. 

3 See 12. 6; cf. such mild expressions as appear in 12. 15. 8-10 omnes 
cum Love nunc sumus beati; at nuper — pudet, ah pudet fateri — omnes 
cum ove pauperes eramus. For a more severe judgment of Martial cf. 
Lecky, History of European Morals, 1. 204: “The flattery which he 
[Lucan] bestowed upon Nero in his Pharsalia ranks with the epigrams 
of Martial as probably the extreme limits of sycophancy to which Roman 
literature descended ”. 


INTRODUCTION xxxiii 


was to do what was done by every one else who had an end 
to gain there. 

37. The charge of grossness is the more serious charge and 
one that the modern critic is the more disposed to press. See 
above, 32. Still, we must in all fairness judge the men of an- 
cient days not by modern Christian standards but by the high- 
est requirements of the civilization of which they are a part. 
If we measure Martial by this test, something may be said in 
explanation, if not in palliation, of his offense. He lived in 
an age in which the standard of private morals had reached 
low-water mark, in a period hardly to be paralleled in historic 
times for personal impurity and worship of the bestial passions 
by the so-called better classes of society. What better was to 
be expected when the emperors set the pace? Indeed, Martial 
claims for his epigrams no more than the indulgenee allowed 
at the Saturnalia and the festival-of Flora!, and would have 
his readers expressly understand that, though his poetry might 
sometimes be licentious, his life had no part in the wanton- 
ness that he depicts?. Unless this claim were at least rela- 
tively true, it is hard to understand how his society could have 
been agreeable to Quintilian and Juvenal. His ambition would 
seem to have been to amuse a public that wanted to be amused 
in its own way, since he knew that to a certain extent his bread 
and raiment depended upon it. A better man, at least in our 
days, would starve rather than play such a part. 

38. Butthe case of Martialis not wholly defensive. Though 
he was not a great man or a moralist, or a man of strong char- 
acter or one possessed of the finest feelings, he had good 
qualities that commended him to his contemporaries and made 
him popular. The younger Pliny, a fine specimen of the Roman 

1 Cf, the Praefatio to Book I (epigrammata illis scribuntur qui solent 
spectare Florales) with 3. 69 and 11. 6. 

21.4.8. Ing. 28. 5-6, in making Latinus say sed mzhila nostro sumpstt 


mea vita theatro et sola tantum scaenicus arte feror, Martial may well 
have been thinking of himself. 


XXXIV INTRODUCTION 


gentleman, was Martial’s friend and has testified to his sincerity. 
In Ep. 3. 21 Pliny says: era? homo ingentosus, acutus, acer, 
et qui plurimum in scribendo et salis haberet et fellis nec cando- 
ris minus. Prosecutus eram viatico secedentem: dederam hoc 
amicitiae, dederam etiam versiculis quos de me composuit. ... 
Meritone eum, qui haec! de me scripsit, et func dimisi amt- 
cissime et nunc ut amicissimum defunctum esse doleo? Dedit 
enim mihi quantum maximum potuit, daturus amplius, st 
potuisset, Martial repeatedly claims that in all that he writes 
he is perfectly sincere and that he does not use his pen to 
strike at individuals because of any personal grudge?. Indeed, 
to such an extent does he carry the use of fictitious names that 
certain names are apparently used by him as typical of classes 
or peculiar kinds of persons; so Ligurinus denotes one who 
* reads" in public, Fidentinus a plagiarist, Selius a parasite ?. 
He was evidently a good friend; he was appreciative of what 
his friends did for him*. “Living in an artificial age he was 
perfectly natural"5. He was willing to be himself? at a time 
when nearly every man professed to be everything except what 
he really was. Though the pedant, the pretender, and the 
parvenu pushed themselves to the fore, Martial could despise 
them and hold them up to ridicule, and at the same time live 
plainly and without affectation. He loved children, even chil- 
dren of servile condition; Simcox^ remarks that “he stands - 
almost alone in Roman literature in his appreciation of mere 
girlhood”. He could mourn the untimely death of children 
in words of the tenderest pity*. The splendid wickedness of 
Rome never so dazzled him that he forgot the old life and the 


1 An epigram written by Martial in Pliny’s honor (cf. above, versiculis 
quos de me composuit); Pliny had just quoted it in part. 

? Cf. e.g. 10. 33. 9-10 June servare modum nostri novere libelli, par- 
cere personis, dicere de vitiis. 

3 See further Friedlander, Einleitung, 21—24. 

* Cf. eg. r. 15. 5 Sellar, p. xxvii. — 9 10, 47. 12. 7 2. 112. 

8 5. 34; 5. 37; IO. 61. 


INTRODUCTION XXXV 


scenery of his Spanish Bilbilis. He knows virtue when he sees 
it, and cordially recognizes it in man or woman. He can laud 
a good woman, like Arria!, or a good man, like Thrasea?. 


IV. MARTIAL'S FAME 


39. Caricature, whether pictorial or verbal, appeals to the 
multitude and finds a ready response; people enjoy seeing 
others in the pillory. Martial therefore was popular. Further, 
this popularity was not merely local, nor was his fame only 
posthumous. If we may trust what he tells us in 1. 1, Martial 
had won his literary spurs at a comparatively early time. Un- 
less this epigram was composed later and prefixed to the poems 
when the latter were subsequently collected and published, 
this reputation must have been based on the Lider Spectacu- 
lorum, the Xenia, and the Apophoreta, productions that would 
hardly in themselves, it would seem, justify this claim, or else 
on poems which, despite their excellence, Martial at a later 
time was willing to let perish®. Be this as it may, it is certain 
that Martial had a world-wide constituency. Not only in 
Rome, but in the outlying provinces, e.g. on the Danube$, 
in Britain, in Vienna on the Rhone®, men read the epigrams *. 

40. Furthermore the judgment of Martial's contemporaries 
was ratified by posterity. Sober-headed men, such as Pliny 
the Younger, did indeed doubt the poet's immortality; in 
the letter already cited? Pliny, referring to the compliment 
Martial had paid him in his verse (38), says: Deait enim mihi 
quantum maximum potuit, daturus amplius, si potuisset. Ta- 
metsi quid homini potest dari maius quam gloria et laus et 
aeternitas? At non erunt aeterna quae scripsit: non erunt 


11, 13. 45. 16; 6. 60. 
21.8.1; 4. 54. 7. See also 4. 13; 11. 53. 8 11. 3. 
3 See 1. 115; $ 13. $ 7. 88. 


" See also 5. 13. 3; 6. 82; 8. 3. 3; 8. 61. 3; 9. 84. 5; 10. 2. 9-12. 
8 Ep. 3. 21. 6. 


XXXVI INTRODUCTION 


fortasse, ille tamen scripsit tamquam essent futura. It was, 
perhaps, but natural that men who had been taught and had 
come to believe that heavy tragedy and long-drawn-out epos 
were the highest types of poetry should see nothing enduring 
in the society verses of Martial, which were to all appearances 
inspired by some sudden occurrence, or were written with a 
view only to an immediate and passing impression. But Pliny 
and those who shared his opinion were mistaken. Men con- 
tinued to read Martial and poets to imitate him!. 

41. It is interesting to speculate how far Martial would 
have succeeded had he tried his hand at some of the more 
serious forms of literature. When his critics blamed him for 
not showing what he could do in the so-called higher forms of 
literature, he attributed his failure to poverty and to the lack 
of patronage by the great and well-to-do. Yet Teuffel is per- 
haps right in doubting whether, in view of the narrow range of 
his ideas, his lack of earnestness and of any love for serious 
work, Martial would have done anything more worthy under 
circumstances more favorable. 


V. MANUSCRIPTS OF MARTIAL 


42. The manuscripts of Martial fall into three classes, 
designated for convenience by the letters A, B, and C?. Fried- ° 
lànder has shown that these three classes represent as many 
recensions of the text, whose differences of reading may even 
be due to revisions made by the poet himself for various edi- 
tions of his works *. 


1 Martial is not very often directly mentioned by Roman writers. 
We can cite only Pliny Ep. 3. 21; Aelius Spartianus, Life of Helius 
(i.e. Commodus), 5. 9; Aelius Lampridius, Life of Alexander Severus, 
38. 1-3; Sollius Sidonius Apollinaris C. 9. 268; 23. 163. On the per- 
sistency with which men read Martial see Friedlünder, Einleitung, 67 ff. 

? This division dates from Schneidewin. 

3 See Friedlander, Einleitung, 70 ff. 


INTRODUCTION xxxvii 


43. The best Mss. are those of the A class. Their service- 
ableness is, however, impaired by the fact that not one of them 
is complete ; doubtless the archetype of this class did not con- 
tain all the epigrams!. This archetype was written during the 
eighth century or at the very beginning of the ninth century ?. 

Professor Lindsay characterizes this class or edition as made 
in usum elegantiorum, inasmuch as ‘it replaces by suitable 
euphemisms some of the grosser words in Martial's vocabulary, 
words more fit for the graffiti of Pompeii than for a Roman 
gentleman's library ". The chief Mss. of this class are known 
by the appellations R, H, and T. Of these the oldest and 
best is R, the Codex Leidensis (or Vossianus) 86. R and H 
are what Lindsay calls Anthology Mss., i.e. Mss. of excerpts 
not only from Martial, but from other Latin poetsalso. R prob- 
ably dates from the ninth century; it contains in all but 272 
epigrams, of which four are from the Zzder Spectaculorum, 268 
from the remaining books. It was probably at one time in the 
monastery of Cluny; it is now in the Leyden Library. H, the 
Codex Vindobonensis, is of the ninth or tenth century ; because 
of its fragmentary character it is of relatively small value. It 
contains in all only fourteen epigrams: Liber Spectaculorum 
19-30, Book I. 3-4. The Ms. was taken by Sannazaro to Naples 
in 1502-1503, and later to Vienna. T,the Codex Thuaneus or 
Colbertinus or Parisinus 8071, is a Ms. of the ninth or tenth 
century. Itcontains 846 epigrams. R, H, and T are closely re- 
lated ; this is shown by their common blunders in spelling and by 
other mistakes common to all three. For readings that are found 
in H the value of T is small, since T seems to be a copy of H !. 

44. The B class of Mss. is based on the recension of Tor- 
quatus Gennadius (401 A.D.), evidently one of those adherents 
of the old pagan culture who sought to rehabilitate it and to that 
end interested themselves in correcting and editing Mss?. The 


1 Lindsay Anc. Ed. M. ro. 
? On the subscriptiones of Gennadius see Lindsay Anc. Ed. M. 2 ff. 


xxxviii INTRODUCTION 


best Mss. of this class are those known as L, P, Q, and f. Of 
these the optimus codex, as Professor Lindsay well styles it’, 
is L, the Codex Lucensis 612, a twelfth-century Ms. on poor 
vellum, copied and corrected by various hands, which came 
into possession of the Royal Library at Berlin by purchase 
from a bookseller at Lucca. The supreme value of this Ms. as 
a representative of the Gennadius recension lies not so much 
in its individual excellence as in the fact that it is much older 
than any other Ms. of this class *. 

Next in value to L is P, the Codex Palatinus Vaticanus 1696, 
now in the Vatican Library. This Ms. is one of the many 
Codices Palatini now scattered that were once in the library of 
the Elector Palatine at Heidelberg ?. 

45. The manuscripts of the third and most numerous 
family, the C class, are from an archetype by no means as 
good as those of the À and B classes; that archetype was made 
in the eighth or the ninth century in early Carolingian minus- 
cule script. Four or five of these Mss. are so much superior 
to the others that scholars group them by themselves, as a C? 
class, to distinguish them from the inferior Mss. of the family, 
which are grouped together as the CP class. 

46. Of the Mss. in the C? class the oldest and best is E, the 
Codex Edinburgensis, of the tenth century. This Ms., now in 
the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh, is written in Carolingian 
minuscule in several hands. It contains all of Martial except 
the Liber Spectaculorum and 10. 72—75. Codices X, A, and V 
also belong to this class. 


1See Lindsay, Classical Review, 15. 309 ff., 413 ff.; Lindsay Anc. 
Ed. M. 61. 

2 All Mss. of this class are Renaissance copies, which are on general 
principles to be viewed with suspicion. 

3 The Mss. of the B class contain all the epigrams, except those of 
the Liber Spectaculorum; that book is known only from the A Mss. 


INTRODUCTION XXX1X 


VI. VERSIFICATION AND PROSODY 


47. The meters used by Martial are as follows! : 
(a) Dacrvric HEXAMETER : 


4aml4+4am|/40/4 c)/4Q|4zyY¥ 


Except in connection with the pentameter (48) the hexam- 
eter occurs only four times in Martial: 1. 53; 2.733 6.64; 
7.98. In this connection 6. 65 is interesting. 

(4) Ceswra.— The penthemimeral cesura (i.e. ceesura in 
the third foot) occurs, as was to be expected, with the greatest 
frequency as the chief pause in the verse; cf. 2. 66.7: 


hoc salamandra notet || vel saeva novacula nudet. 


(c£) Rarely we find the trithemimeral ceesura (i.e. caesura 
after the third half-foot) and the hephthemimeral czsura (i.e. 
casura after the seventh half-foot) in the same verse without 
the penthemimeral ; cf. 9. 100. 1: 


denaris || tribus invitas || et mane togatum. 


(4) Verses divided into four parts by the three ceesuras 
(trithemimeral, penthemimeral, hephthemimeral) are more fre- 
quent; cf. 1. 53. 12: 


stat contra || dicitque || tibi || tua pagina “Fur es”. 
(e) The trithemimeral cesura rarely occurs without the 
hephthemimeral; but cf. 1. 15. 7: 
exspectant || curaeque || catenatique labores. 


(f) Martial agrees with Vergil and other predecessors in 
using quite frequently the bucolic ceesura, though he employs 
it far less often than does Juvenal. In such cases the fourth 
foot is frequently a spondee ; cf. 1. 13. 3: 


“si qua fides vulnus quod feci || non dolet" inquit. 


1For an elaborate discussion of Martial's versification see Fried- 
lander, Einleitung, 26-50. 


xl INTRODUCTION 


(g) Spondaic verses. — Martial uses the spondee in the fifth 
place in all only fourteen times and for the most part in proper 
names. In such cases a quadrisyllabic word regularly ends the 
verse and the fourth foot is a dactyl. Cf. e.g. Liber Spectacu- 
lorum 1. 5; 2. 38. 1; 4.79. 15; 5. 64. 5; 8. 56.23; 9. 59.9. 

(A) Elision. — Martial uses elision moderately ; he elides 
both before long and short vowels, but restricts elision to 
four or five places in the verse. According to Birt? Martial 
has about 120 cases of elision in 3358 hexameters. 

(¢) Dieresis.— Diseresis (ie. the simultaneous ending of 
word and foot) at every foot was in general regarded as a 
blemish to be avoided, Yet Martial shows a few examples; 
cf. e.g. 12. 6. 117. 

48. (a) Tue Execiac DisricH : a hexameter followed by a 
so-called * pentameter" (ie. a hexameter in which a pause 
takes the place of the second syllable of the spondee in the 
third and sixth feet) : 


Martial uses the elegiac distich more frequently than any other 
meter ; eighty per cent of his epigrams are in that kind of verse. 

(4) Ovid, who uses the pentameter with such vigor and 
perfection, generally, though not invariably, makes his pentam- 
eters end with disyllabic words. Martial, following his exem- 
plar Catullus (34), frequently departs from this rule, making 
his pentameters close with words of one syllable (especially 
with forms of esse: cf. 1. 29. 43 2. 58. 2; 7. 81. 2 ; 7. 90. 4; 
12.46.2 ; 1. 32. 2 ends with 7e) as well as with words of three, 
four, five, and even six syllables. In pentameters that end 
with a trisyllabic word the monosyllable that in most instances 
immediately precedes the trisyllabic word makes for smooth- 
ness (see e.g. 2. 16. 2; 2. 18. 85 3. 18. 25 5. 9. 4 ; 10. 25.6 ; 


1 In Friedlander, Einleitung, 35-38. 
? See Lease in Classtcal Review, 11. 149-150. . 


INTRODUCTION xli 


13. 3. 8). Yet Martial sometimes allows a word of more than 
one syllable to stand next to the final trisyllabic word ; see e.g. 
1. 33-23 1. 79. 45 3. 63. 105; 6. 51. 41. 

(c) Rhyme.— Worthy of notice is Martial's use of rhyme, 
especially in the pentameter, between the ends of the hemi- 
stichs ; the rhyme occurs particularly between adjective and 
substantive: see e.g. 1. 2. 2; I. 4. 2; I. 12. 2, 85 1. 33. 2. 
Indeed, Martial carries his love of rhyme so far as to make the 
rhyme not only between the halves of the pentameter but also 
between the parts of the preceding hexameter ; cf. e.g. Liber 
Spectaculorum 2. 1—2 ; 22. 1—2 ; etc.?. 

49- (a) PHaLacean (hendecasyllabus pAalaeceus) : a loga- 
cedic pentapody with a dactyl in the second place : 


/ = 


> |4tuv(4Au}/4u/40 
This meter, said to have been invented by Sappho, was named 
from Phalaecus, an Alexandrian poet who used it. In the 
hands of Catullus it was thoroughly Latinized and popularized ; 
it was subsequently employed by Petronius, Martial, and others. 
In Martial it ranks next to the elegiac distich in frequency, 
although it occurs in only about fifteen per cent of the epigrams. 
The scheme of the verse, as used by Martial, is regular; a 
spondee is always found in the first foot. Cf. 1. 41.1: 


/ 7 , 7 /, 
urba | nus tibi | Caeci | li vi | deris 
and the following from Tennyson : 


[4 L4 L4 / / 
Look, I | come to the | test, a | tiny | poem 
"d 7 / [4 [4 
All com | posed in a | metre | of Ca | tullus. 


1 For a good discussion of the ** pentameter " see Goodell, Chapters 
on Greek Metric, 30-42. 

? On rhyme in Latin poetry see e.g. W. Grimm, Zur Geschichte des 
Reims, in PAzZe/agische und historische Abhandlungen der künzglichen 
Akademie der Wissenschaften 2u Berlin for 1851, pp. 627-715; H. T. 
Johnstone, Rhymes and Assonances in the Aeneid, Classical Review, 
10. 9-13; Wóllflin, Archiv, 3. 443 ff. 


xlii INTRODUCTION 


(6) Cesura. — Though not consistently used, the penthe- 
mimeral czesura is quite common. 

(c) Elision is as rare as apheresis is common. 

(d) Düeresis at every foot of the verse, though not of great 
frequency, is commoner than is generally supposed ! ; see e.g. 
4+ 30.53 5. 20. 95 5. 24. 15; 6.17. 3; 8.76.7; 10.72. 4j 
12. I8. I4; 12. 34. 5. 

50. Iampic TRIMETER or laMBiC SENARIUS (six iambi or 
three iambic dipodies) : 


Qu. ails eee e A» ea uu ve 
viv vuvuwv vli vov vvv “vy 


>buy PIEVE 


The last foot must be an iambus ; the penthemimeral czesura 
is the caesura commonly used. It seems likely, despite some 
ancient authorities, that the ictus upon the first thesis of each 
dipody was stronger than that upon the second thesis of the 
dipody *. The resolutions of the iambus and the spondee are, 
it will be seen, like those allowed in the choliambic (52). In 
11. 59. I an anapest occurs in the fifth foot. 

51. THE IawBic DiMETER or laMBiC QUATERNARIUS (four 
iambi or two iambic dipodies) : 


Sh Go a eL ou S 
VuUY vvuvYvV VEUVEV 


PUY 


It will be observed that in both the dimeter and the trimeter 
(50) spondees are found generally, if at all, in the odd feet; 
the tribrach is found in the second foot (3. 14. 4 ; 1. 61. 8, 10) ; 
the dactyl is practically restricted to the first foot (1. 61. 10; 


1 Cf. Lease, Classical Review, 11. 149-150. 

? For the ancient authorities see Christ, Metrik der Griechen dud 
Rómer, 68-70. Since Bentley's time it has been the fashion to hold 
that the ictus on the first, third, and fifth feet was heavier than that on 
the remaining feet; in all modern editions the ictus, if marked at all in 
the iambic trimeter and similar verse, is marked on that principle. 


INTRODUCTION xliii 


1I. 59. 4). Ini. 61. 10a tribrach follows the dactyl. In 3.14; 
II. 59 the iambic trimeter and the iambic dimeter are 
combined. 

52. (a) THE CHoLiamBus or Scazon or Versus Hrpronac- 
TEUS (an iambic trimeter (50), in which a trochee takes the 
place of the iambus in the last foot) : 


S us X o eiut WD uc ai. su 
> bu > bev 
Cag al 


(4) The names choliambus (‘lame iambus', ‘halting iambus’) 
and scazon (‘hobbler’) were given to the verse because of its 
halting effect, produced by the trochee in the last foot. Before 
Martial’s time it had been used at Rome by Varro and Ca- 
tullus. The scheme given above shows both the pure scazon 
and the substitutions of tribrach, dactyl, and anapest, all of 
which, except the tribrach, occur only in the odd feet, i.e. 
in the first and third feet. The tribrach is found most fre- 
quently in the second foot; the anapest is restricted to the 
first foot and is rare even there. In 1. 89. 5 the anapest in 
the first foot is followed by a tribrach, as in 3. 22. 2; 3. 58. 3. 
In 3. 58. 32 we have two consecutive tribrachs. In 1. 1o. 2 
the dactyl is found in the first foot. In 3. 58. 29; 12. 57. 28 
a tribrach is followed by a dactyl. The spondee does not occur 
in the fifth foot. 

It is to be noted that the fifth foot is regularly an iambus, 
and that the choliambus cannot end with a monosyllable, ex- 
cept est. Cf. 1. 10. 3. 

It will be seen that the choliambus is seldom pure in Martial. 
For examples of pure choliambi see r. 113. 4; 2. 57. 6; 3. 
58.44; 10.30. 4. In one epigram (1. 61) we have the choli- 
ambus and the iambic dimeter (51) combined. 

(c) Casura. — The penthemimeral cesura is the most com- 
mon ; it is frequently followed by a monosyllable. Examples 


xliv INTRODUCTION 


of the czsura in the fourth foot (remarkably rare) are to be 
seen in 5. 14.8; 5. 37. 13, 24; 8. 44. 3. 

(4) Elision, which is only moderately used, occurs most fre- 
quently in the second foot. 

53. THE IoNIC A MAIORE or SOTADEAN meter is found in Mar- 
tial, but does not occur in any of the epigrams in this book. 

54. (2) Diastole. — Occasionally Martial lengthens a short 
syllable for the sake of the meter, as in 10. 89. 1 /uzs; 12. 
31. 9 Nausicaa; 14. 187.2 GZycera.. Cf. also 7. 44. 1 duis ; 
14. 77. 2 plorabat. The lengthening occurs either in the ac- 
cented part of the foot (thesis) or at the end of the first half 
of the pentameter ’. 

(4) Occasionally when a word occurs twice in the same 
verse Martial varies its quantity; cf. 2. 18.1 capio . . . capto ; 
2. 36. 2 nolo... nolo. 

(c) Final o is sometimes regarded as short, e.g. 2. 18. 5 
anteambuló ; 1. 47. 1, 2 vispilló, etc. This is especially ob- 
servable in iambic words and is not uncommon in words of 
three or more syllables, especially in words ending in -zo. Cf. 
e.g. 5. 20. 8 gestatid; 11. 45. 5 suspició; 12. 48. 11 com- 
missafió; 13. 97. 1 Ja£isió. Such words, as commonly meas- 
ured in Vergil's time, ended in a cretic (_ u _), and so were 
impossible in hexameter verse 7. 


1 Here, too, we really have a thesis; cf. the definition of the pentam- 
eter in $ 48 (a). For Glycera and JVawszcad see A. 44. 

? The early writers of hexameter verse have final o short only in 
iambic words, such as c/o, modo; we may think here of the Law of 
Breves Breviantes, which plays so large a róle in Plautus and Terence 
(see Lindsay, Latin Language, 201-202; GL.716; L.129). The Augustan 
poets have final o short also in cretic words (e.g. Polio), which thus be- 
come dactyls. Poets of the Silver Age freely shorten any final o, except 
in inflectional forms of the second declension. 


INTRODUCTION xlv 


VII. ORTHOGRAPHY 


55- It chanced that the period of Martial’s literary activity 
at Rome, that is, the time from Nero to Trajan, was the period 
when Latin spelling was most fixed. Consequently, it would 
seem to be easy to determine on a priori grounds the orthog- 
raphy that Martial would use, especially when we add to this 
the testimony of the inscriptions and the most trustworthy 
manuscripts. Still, this is not so easy as it would appear to be, 
for, as has been said’, * When a poem is, like the Epigram, 
confined to the narrow compass of a couplet, or a quatrain, 
or an octave, one may be sure that not merely every word but 
every syllable would be chosen with deliberation. Unless the 
manuscript evidence is patently and utterly unreliable, the 
idea of setting it wholly aside and adopting a featureless uni- 
formity of spelling cannot be entertained for one moment”. 
Accordingly, I have sought, where possible, to follow in a given 
case the spelling which, according to the available testimony, 
the poet seems to have used. Where there is a choice be- 
tween two relatively good spellings, that orthography has gen- 
erally been followed which seemed to have the best manuscript 
authority. Where there is practical agreement among the 
manuscripts, their readings have been followed, except where 
that course would result in a spelling manifestly not in use at 
the time in question. 

56. (2) In the case of compound words the practice with 
respect to the assimilation of the preposition varies; some- 
times the principles laid down by Brambach ? prevail, some- 
times other considerations obtain *. 

(Z) In nouns and adjectives we should expect on a priori 
grounds to find the endings -vws and -vu rather than the older 

1'W. M. Lindsay, The Orthography of Martial’s Epigrams, Journal 
of Philology, 29. 24. 

2 Hülfsbüchlein für lateinische Rechtschreibung, § 20. 1. 

* Lindsay (as cited in N. 1), 37. 


xlvi INTRODUCTION 


-vos and -vom. In fact, we should as a rule expect z instead of 
0 after v, ie. we should look for vw4gus, vulnus, vultus, vult, 
mavult, etc., instead of volgus, volnus, voltus, volt, mavolt, etc. 
But we know that almost to the end of the first century A.D. 
certain earlier spellings were used side by side with the later 
orthography. Hence we meet with such forms as aivom, ser- 
vos, volgus, volnus, volt. 

(6) In the genitive singular of the second declension of 
nouns, Martial seems to have consistently contracted the - 
at the end’. 

(Z) In the accusative plural of the third declension the ' 
form in -es is used along with that in -z;. 

(£) In the numeral adverbs the manuscripts indicate that 
Martial did not always follow the established usage, which was, 
with exceptions, to write the words derived from the indefinite 
numerals /o7 and quof in -iens, e.g. Zoziens and quotiens, but 
to spell the words derived from the cardinals in -zes, e.g. 
quinquies, sexies, decies. 

(f) Our Mss. seem to imply that Martial sometimes wrote 
quu, sometimes cv. We have such forms as aequum, relicum, 
cocus, persecuntur, if we may trust good manuscripts ?. 

(g) That Martial's use of the aspirated consonants varied is 
quite clear from the manuscripts. We find such diversity as 
thermae, sulphur, along with cofurnus, coclea (and cochlea), etc. 

(4) Likewise the manuscripts cannot be depended upon to 
give us the correct reading where the vowels or diphthongs 
ae, oe, and e are involved 3. 

1 M. Haupt, Opuscula, 3. 584; Brambach § 14. 

? It is, however, probable that gz was never actually in use among 
the Romans; see the * Report on Latin Orthography " submitted bya 
Committee of the American Philological Association, and printed in 
the Proceedings of that Association for 1896 (Volume 27, p. xxiii). 

8 For a fuller discussion of these questions see Gilbert in the Intro- 
duction to his edition of Martial, and his contribution to the Intro- 


duction of Friedlànder's edition, 108-119; Lindsay, Journal of Philology, 
29. 24 ff. 


INTRODUCTION xlvii 


VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 
(With abbreviations used in this book) 


A. J. P. = American Journal of Philology. 

Abbott = F. F. Abbott, History of Roman Political Institutions. 
Boston, Igo1. 

Amos = A. Amos, Martial and the Moderns. Cambridge, 1858. 

Anthol. Lat. — F. Bücheler and A. Riese, Anthologia Latina. 
Leipzig, 1895. 

B. and L. — R. T. Bridge and E. D. C. Lake, Select Epigrams of 
Martial: Books VII-XII (edited with English notes). Ox- 
ford, 1996. 

Bahr. F. P. R. — A. Báhrens, Fragmenta Poetarum Romanorum. 
Leipzig, 1886. 

Bahr. P. L. M. = A. Báhrens, Poetae Latini Minores. Leipzig, 1879. 

Baumeister = A. Baumeister, Denkmdler des klassischen Altertums. 
München-Leipzig, 1889. 

Beck. — W. A. Becker (and H. Góll) Gallus, oder Rómische 
Scenen aus der Zeit Augusts?. Berlin, 1880-1882. 

Birt = Th. Birt, Das antike Buchwesen. Berlin, 1882. 

Birt, Buchrolle — Th. Birt, Die Buchrolle in der Kunst. Leipzig, 1907. 

Blümner = Hugo Blümner, Die gewerbliche Thatigkeit der Vólker 
des klassischen Altertums. Leipzig, 1869. 

Brandt — A. Brandt, De Martialis poetae vita et scriptis ad an- 
norum computationem dispositis. Berlin, 1853. 

C.I.L. = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. 

Cannegieter — H. Cannegieter, De mutata Romanorum nominum 
‘sub principibus ratione. Utrecht, 1758. 

Carm. Epigr. = F. Bücheler, Carmina Epigraphica. Leipzig, 1895. 

Comparetti — D. Comparetti, Vergil in the Middle Ages. London, 
1895. 

Coning. Misc. Writ. = J. Conington, Miscellaneous Writings. Lon- 
don, 1880. 

Cooper = F. T. Cooper, Word Formation in the Roman Sermo 
Plebeius. New York, 1895. 

Cruttwell = C. T. Cruttwell, History of Roman Literature. New 
York, 1899. 


xlviii INTRODUCTION 


Danysz = A. Danysz, De scriptorum imprimis poetarum Roma- 
norum studiis Catullianis. Posen, 1876. 

Dau — A. Dau, De M. Valerii Martialis libellorum ratione tempori- 
busque. Pars I. Rostock, 1887. 

Domit. = Domitius Calderinus (and G. Merula), Martialis. Venice, 
1510 (the annotations of Domitius are found also in the Paris 
Variorum of 1617). 

Fried. —.L. Friedlander, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammaton libri 
mit erklárenden Anmerkungen. 2 volumes, Leipzig, 1886. 
Fried. Rec. loc. Mart. = L. Friedlánder, Recensio locorum in Mar- 
tialis XIV epigrammaton libris corruptorum. Konigsberg, 

1878. 

Fried. SG. — L. Friedlander, Darstellungen aus der Sittenge- 
schichte Roms € Leipzig, 1888-189o. 

Giese — P. Giese, De personis a Martiale commemoratis. Greifs- 
wald, 1872. 

Giese Krit. Bemerk. — P. Giese, Kritische Bermerkungen zu Mar- 
tial. Danzig, 1885. 

Gilbert Q. C. = W. Gilbert, Ad Martialem quaestiones criticae. 
Dresden, 1883. 

Guttmann = O. Guttmann, Observationum in Marcum Valerium 
Martialem particulae quinque. Breslau, 1866. 

Hehn — Victor Hehn (and O. Schrader), Kulturpflanzen und Haus- 
thiere, etc. Berlin, 1894. 

Heraldus — Desiderii Heraldi animadversiones ad lib. XII epig. 
M. Valerii Martialis (in Paris Variorum of 1617). 

Hill, Handbook = C. F. Hill, Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins. 
London, 1899. 

Hülsen-Jordan = Volume 1, part 5, of Jordan Top., written by Ch. 
Hülsen. Berlin, 1907. 

Hultsch = F. Hultsch, Griechische und Rómische Metrologie 7. 
Berlin, 1882. 

Jordan Top. — H. Jordan, Topographie der Stadt Rom in Alter- 
thum. Berlin, 1871-1885 (Volume I, part 3, has been written 
by Ch. Hülsen. Berlin, 1907). 

K. and H. Form. urb. Rom. — H. Kiepert and Ch. Hülsen, Formae 
urbis Romae antiquae. Berlin, 1896. 


INTRODUCTION xlix 


Klein — Jos. Klein, Fasti Consulares. Leipzig, 1881. 

Lanciani Anc. R. — R. Lanciani, Ancient Rome in the Light of 
Recent Discoveries. Boston, 1889. ' 

Lanciani P. and Chr. R. — R. Lanciani, Pagan and Christian Rome. 
Boston, 1893. 

Lindsay — W. M. Lindsay, M. Valerii Martialis. epigrammata 
(text only). Oxford, 1902. 

Lindsay Anc. Ed. M. — W. M. Lindsay, The Ancient Editions of 
Martial. Oxford, 1903. 

Lindsay L. L. — W. M. Lindsay, The Latin Language. Oxford, 
1894. 

Madv. Adv. Crit. = I. N. Madvig, Adversaria Critica ad scriptores 
Latinos. The Hague, 1873. | 

Mahaffy = J. P. Mahaffy, History of Classical Greek Literature. 
New York, 1880. 

Marc. = Th. Marcilius, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammata in 
Caesaris amphitheatrum et venationes. Paris, 1601. 

Marq. = J. Marquardt (and A. Mau), Das Privatleben der Rómer 7. 
Leipzig, 1886. 

Marq.-Wissowa — J. Marquardt (and.G. Wissowa), Rómische 
Staatsverwaltung?. Leipzig, 1884. 

Mau-Kelsey — A. Mau and Francis Kelsey, Pompeii: its Life and 
Art?. New York, 1902. 

Merula: see Domit. 

Mommsen Staats. — Th. Mommsen, Rómisches Staatsrecht?. Leip- 
zig, 1887. 

Müller Die Tracht. d. R. — A. Müller, Die Trachten der Rómer 
und Rómerinnen nach Ovid und Martial. Hannover, 1868. 

Müller Hdb. = I. Müller (et al.), Handbuch der klassischen Alter- 
tumswissenschaft. Nórdlingen, 1886 ff. 

Nissen — H. Nissen, Pompeianische Studien. Leipzig, 1877. 

Orelli-Henz. — I. C. Orelli (and W. Henzen), Inscriptionum Lati- 
narum selectarum amplissima collectio. 3 volumes, Zürich, 
1828 ff. 

Otto — A. Otto, Die Sprichwórter ..der Rómer. Leipzig, 189o. 

P. and S. — F. A. Paley and W. H. Stone, M. Valerii Martialis 
epigrammata selecta (with English notes). London, 1888. 


I INTRODUCTION 


Paris Variorum — M. Valerii Martialis epigrammatum libri XV 
cum variorum virorum commentariis, notis, etc. Paris, 
1617. 

Paukstadt — R. Paukstadt, De Martiale Catulli imitatore. Halle, 
1876. 

Pauly-Wiss. — Paulys Real-Encyclopádie (revised by G. Wissowa). 
Stuttgart, 1894 ff. 

Platner = S. B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of 
Ancient Rome. Boston, 1904. 

Preller-Jordan = L. Preller (and H. Jordan), Rómische Mythologie. 
Berlin, 1881. 

Rader — M. Rader, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammata. Mayence, 
1627. . 

Ramirez — L. Ramirez de Prado, M. Valerii Martialis epigram- 
maton libri XV. Paris, 1607. 

Renn — E. Renn, Die Griechische Eigennamen bei Martial. Lands- 
hut, 1888. 

Roscher Lex. — W. H. Roscher, Ausführliches Lexicon der Grie- 
chischen und Rémischen Mythologie. Leipzig, 1884 ff. 
Saintsbury — G. Saintsbury, A History of Criticism and Literary 
Taste (Volume I deals with Classical and Medieval Criti- 

cism). New York, 1904. 

Schanz — M. Schanz, Geschichte der Rómischen Litteratur (in 
Müller's Handbuch, Volume 8; Part I is in the third edition, 
1907, the rest in the second edition, 1899-1901). 

Schn. = F. G. Schneidewin, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammaton 
libri. 2 volumes, Grimma, 1842. 

Schn?. — F. G. Schneidewin, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammaton 
libri. Leipzig, 1881. 

Schneider — A. Schneider, Das alte Rom. Leipzig, 1896. 

Schreiber-Anderson — Th. Schreiber (and W. C. F. Anderson), 
Atlas of Classical Antiquity. London, 1895. 

Schrevelius = C. Schrevelius, M. Valerii Martialis epigrammata 
cum notis variorum. Leyden, 1670. 

Scriv. = P. Scriverius, M. Valerius Martialis. Leyden, 1619. 

Sellar — W. Y. Sellar and G. G. Ramsay, Extracts from Martial. 
Edinburgh, 1884. 


INTRODUCTION li 


Simcox = G. A. Simcox, A History of Latin Literature. New York, 
1883. 

Smith D. of A. = Wm. Smith, Dictionary of Antiquities?. Lon- 
don, 1890-1891. 

Soed. = H. Soeding, De infinitivi apud Martialem usurpatione. 
Marburg, 1891. | 

Spiegel — P. G. Spiegel, Zur Characteristik des Epigrammatikers 
M. Valerius Martialis. I, Innsbruck, 1891 ; II, 1892. 

Stephani = A. Stephani, De Martiale verborum novatore. Pars 
Prior. Breslau, 1888. 

Stephenson — H. M. Stephenson, Selected Epigrams of Martial 
(edited with notes). London, 1880. 

Teuffel — W. S. Teuffel (and L. Schwabe), History of Roman 
Literature (fifth edition,translated from the German by Warr). 
London, 1891-1892. 

Tyrrell — R. Y. Tyrrell, Latin Poetry. Boios 1895. 

Van Stockum — G. J. M. Van Stockum, De Martialis vita ac scrip- 
tis commentatio. The Hague, 1884. 

Wagner — E. Wagner, De M. Valerio Martiale poetarum Augusteae 
aetatis imitatore. Kénigsberg, 1880. 

Wilkins — A. S. Wilkins, Roman Education. Cambridge, 1905. 

Wilm. = C. Wilmanns, Exempla inscriptionum Latinarum. Berlin, 
1873. 

Zingerle = A. Zingerle, Martial’s Ovid-Studien. Innsbruck, 1877. 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


LIBER EPIGRAMMATON 


Barbara pyramidum sileat miracula Memphis, 
Assyrius iactet nec Babylona labor, 

nec Triviae templo molles laudentur Iones ; 
dissimulet deum cornibus ara frequens, 


I. On this book, often called 
Liber Spectaculorum, see § 13. In 
this epigram M. declares that the 
Colosseum surpasses the so-called 
seven wonders of the world. As 
given by Hyginus Fab. 223, these 
wonders were the Temple of Diana 
at Ephesus; the Mausoleum, or 
tomb of Mausolus, ruler of Caria, 
377-353 B.C., erected at Halicar- 
nassus by Artemisia his widow; 
the Colossus at Rhodes, a brazen 
statue of the Sun-God; the statue 
of Jupiter at Olympia, by Phidias ; 
the. palace of Cyrus at Ecbatana ; 
the walls of Babylon; the Egyptian 
pyramids. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Barbara, barbaric, outland- 
ish. Join with Memphis; cf. 8. 36. 
2 tam tacet Eoum barbara Mem- 
phis opus; Luc. 8.542. The Greek 
contempt for aliens, implied in 
BápBapos, the Romans entertained 
for the peoples of the East and 
often for the Greeks themselves: 
cf. e.g. Iuv. 3. 58-125. Besides, 


the adjective here contrasts Mem- 
phis with domzna Roma (1.3. 3 N.), 
implied in 7-8. 

2. Assyrius: see App. — iac- 
tet: in 8. 28. 17 Babylon is styled 
superba.— nec is often used in 
poetry for zeve (nex) or et ne; cf. 
3,5. Note its position; in all kinds 
of Latin verse metrical considera- 
tions often force the postpone- 
ment of the conjunction. 

3. Triviae: the Ephesian Arte- 
mis, whose priests were eunuchs 
(cf. molles). — templo : o6 or prop- 
ter templum would be more clas- 
sical; see A. 404, b; GL. 408, N. 6. 
Cf. 2. 66. 4 saevis . . . comis ; 7.17. 
9 munere |. . parvo. — molles, 
luxurious; cf. Prop. 1. 6. 31 mollis 
fonia. lonian effeminacy was no- 
torious at least as early as the days 
of Herodotus. 

4. Plutarch twice speaks of the 
altar made by the four-year-old 
Apollo from the horns of animals 
slain by Diana as one of the seven 


2 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


(i. 5 


5  aére nec vacuo pendentia Mausolea 
laudibus immodicis Cares in astra ferant : 
omnis Caesareo cedit labor amphitheatro, 
unum pro cunctis fama loquetur opus. 


Cum traheret Priscus, traheret certamina Verus 
esset et aequalis Mars utriusque diu, 
missio saepe viris magno clamore petita est, 


wonders ; Ov. Her. 21. 99 speaks 
of it as one of the marvels of 
Delos.— dissimulet .. . frequens, 
let the altar of the many horns dis- 
guise (conceal) the (its) god, i.e. let 
the altar say no more of the tale 
that a god built it (for in compari- 
son with the Colosseum, a human 
creation, it seems unworthy of a 
god’s hands). sz:549 = ‘pretend’, 
dissimulo = ‘dissemble’, ‘cloak’, 
* cover up (facts)’; hence dissimulet 
here = szleat, 1, zec tactet, 2, nec... 
Jerant, 5-6. Cf. Ov. Her. 4. 55-56 
Juppiter Europen ... dilexit, tauro 
dissimulante deum. See App. 

5-6. Plin. N. H. 36. 31 says of 
the Mausoleum: zz summo est 
quadriga marmorea, quam fecit 
Pythis. Haec adiecta CXXXX 
pedum altitudine totum opus inclu- 
dit. See Baumeister 893 ff. The 
quadriga mirrored against the sky 
might well be spoken of as aére 
vacuo pendens. But Roman poets 
are fond of applying Zezdezs to the 
roofs of houses or of caves, to 
bridges, etc. — Mausolea: see 
§ 47,g. Fragments of this Mauso- 
leum have been brought to the 
British Museum, and an attempt 
has been made to restore the whole. 
—laudibus .. . ferant: /audibus 
Jerre or, more often, daudibus 
efferre = ‘laud’, ‘extol’. 


7-8. These verses justify the 
exhortations in 1-6. — Caesareo, 
imperial. The Colosseum was the 
work of the Flavian emperors; 
earlier amphitheaters had been 
built by private individuals. 

8. fama, che talk of men. We 
might, however, read Fama. — 1-6 
constitute the first part of the epi- 
gram ($ 27); the ‘point’ is found 
in 7-8. 

29. Gladiators were generally 
matched in pairs. It was ordina- 
rily expected that the fight would 
be to a finish, ie. until one of 
the combatants, by dropping his 
weapon and raising his hand, if 
able to do so, begged for mercy. 
The conditions of the combat (ex, 
4-5) were announced before the 
fight began. In this fight Priscus 
and Verus were so evenly matched 
that neither could gain the mas- 
tery. Hence neither appealed for 
missio, i.e. for mercy and discharge 
from further service for that day. 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1, traheret, was protracting. 

2. et: this word is found out 
of its logical place about 60 times 
in M.; see Fried. on 1. 26. 8, and 
note on zc, Lib. Spect. 1. 2. — 
Mars = certamen (metonymy). 

3. missio ... petita est: the 
decision lay theoretically wholly 


29. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 3 


sed Caesar legi paruit ipse suae: 
s  —lex erat ad digitum posita concurrere parma — 
quod licuit, lances donaque saepe dedit. 
Inventus tamen est finis discriminis aeque : 
pugnavere pares, subcubuere pares. 
Misit utrique rudes et palmas Caesar utrique : 
10 hoc pretium virtus ingeniosa tulit. 
Contigit hoc nullo nisi te sub principe, Caesar : 
cum duo pugnarent, victor uterque fuit. 


with the eZzzfor muneris, in this 
case the princeps himself (11), but 
the editor frequently merely regis- 
tered the popular will; see Iuv. 3. 
34-37. For the sign used by the 
people in extending mercy to a 
beaten gladiator, see Post A. J. P. 
13. 213 ff. — viris (dat.): the great 
gladiators were heroes in the eyes 
of the crowd, as were the jockeys 
of the circus (aurigae, agitatores). 

4. Caesar: the emperor; cf. 
Caesareo, ‘imperial’, Lib. Spect. 1.7. 

5. ad digitum ... parma: 
since poszta must here = deposita 
(see on I. 4. 2), arma, though it 
has no Ms. support (see App.), 
seems right, as against the Ms. 
palma. The terms of this fight 
were concurrere ad digitum subla- 
tum, i.e. to fight until the van- 
quished man, dropping his shield, 
raised his finger (arm) in token of 
submission (see Introd.). In prose 
the vs. might run thus: Zex erat 
concurrere (or ut concurrerent) 
dum alteruter deposita parma digi- 
tum tolleret. — parma: the small 
round shield. Evidently one or 
both of these combatants was a 
Thraex; see Fried. SG. z. 531-532. 

6. lances...dedit: ie.tothe 
combatants. — lances donaque: 
ie. dances heaped with dona, prob- 
ably of money; cf. Iuv. 6. 204; 
Suet. Claud. 21. The /azces were 


in themselves valuable gifts. On 
the emoluments of popular gladi- 
ators see Fried. SG. 2. 371. 

7. Inventus . . . finis: see 9. 

8. subcubuere, gave way, i.e. 
to the command of the emperor to 
stop fighting (9-10). 

9. rudes et palmas: to the 
gladiator, when he received his 
permanent zz55/0, was given a 
rudis, a sort of wooden sword or 
foil, as a sign that his fighting days 
were over; cf. Hor. Ep. 1. 1.2 and 
editors there. Donari rude wasalso 
used figuratively of discharge or 
exemption from any task; cf. e.g. 
Ov. Tr. 4.8. 23-24. A palm branch 
was given to the gladiator who 
was victorious in a given contest ; 
cf. Cic. Rosc. Amer. 6. 17 plurima- 
rum palmarum gladiator. 

ro. ingeniosa, zz/e/Zgent; vir- 
tus such as that of Priscus and 
Verus is more than mere courage 
backed by brute force and skill of 
hand. 

ir. nullo = zz//o alio.— prin- 
cipe: not ‘prince’. The word is a 
mild term, used to avoid the hated 
word rex ; it describes the emperor 
as embodying in himself, by vote 
of the senate, the united powers 
of the state. See Abbott §§ 325; 
400 ff.; E. G. Sihler in Gildersleeve 
Studies 77ff. Leader may serve as 
a translation. 


LIBER I 


I 


$ 


Hic est quem legis ille, quem requiris, 
toto notus in orbe Martialis 
argutis epigrammaton libellis, 
cui, lector studiose, quod dedisti 
5 viventi decus atque sentienti, 
rari post cineres habent poetae. 


I. The poet expresses his ap- 
preciation of the fame that has 
come to him during his life and 
thankshisadmirers.— Meter: § 49. 

1-2. Hic est: cf. Pers. 1. 28 a¢ 
pulchrum est digito monstrari et 
dicier “ Hic est !”—ille ... Martia- 
lis: cf. Cic. Tusc. 5. 36. 103 Demo- 
sthenes, qui illo susurro delectari se 
dicebat aquam ferentis mulierculae, 
ut mos in Graeca est, insusur- 
vantisque alteri Hic est ille De- 
mosthenes” Tile, as often, = ‘the 
well-known’ — quem requiris: 
Le. ‘whom you cannot do without’. 
See $ 39. —toto ... Martialis: 
naturally, for Latin was the official 
language of the world. Even be- 
fore M.'s time Roman poets ex- 
pected to be read in the farthest 
corners of the earth ; cf. 5. 13. 2-4; 
7. 17. 9-10; 8. 61. 3, etc.; Ov. Tr. 
4. IO. 127-128 cumque ego praepo- 
nam multos mihi, non minor illis 
dicor et in toto plurimus orbe legor ; 
Am. I. 15. 13 toto cantabitur orbe; 
Hor. C. 2. 20. 17-20. 

3. argutis, bright, witty, point- 
ed. The word is used properly 
of physical objects, then, in trans- 
ferred sense, of the intellect; cf. 
the history of ‘bright’.—epigram- 
maton: Greek form of gen. plural. 


4 


—libellis: M.'s epigrams were 
first given to the world separately 
or insmall collections (§ 13); hence 
the diminutive. Cf. 1. 3. 2 parve 
liber. Further, books of poetry 
were as a rule much smaller than 
those of prose; see Birt 23.1; 
290 ff. M.wrote I. 1; 1.2 to intro- 
duce epigrams written long before, 
perhaps on the second publication 
of Books I-VII; see Dau 77; 81. 
— Note position of argutis . 
libellis. In all Latin poetry adjec- 
tive and noun often stand thus at 
beginning and end of the vs.; so 
often in M.: cf. Lib. Spect. 1. 1; 
1. 1. 65: 1. 3. 1, I1; 1. 4.7; 1.6.2, 
4; etc. So often too in Catullus, 
M.'s exemplar (8 34). 

4-5. quod ...sentienti: cf. 5. 
95. 7-8 ore legor multo notumque 
per oppida nomen non exspectato 
dat mihi fama rogo; Ov. Tr. 4. 10. 
121-122 tu mihi, quod rarum est, 
vivo sublime dedisti nomen, ab ex- 
sequiis quod dare fama solet. 

6. post cineres: cf. 1. 25. 8; 
5. 10. I-2; 5. 13. 4 N. For other 
expressions of the idea of 4-6 cf. 
8.69; 11. 9o; Ov. Pont. 4. 16. 2-3 
non solet ingeniis summa nocere 
dies famaque post cineres maior 
veriti Hor. Ep. 2. 1, 15-22; Prop. 


1. 2. 8] 


2 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 5 


Qui tecum cupis esse meos ubicumque libellos 
et comites longae quaeris habere viae, 

hos eme, quos artat brevibus membrana tabellis : 
scrinia da magnis, me manus una capit. 

s Ne tamen ignores ubi sim venalis et erres 

urbe vagus tota, me duce certus eris : 

libertum docti Lucensis quaere Secundum 
limina post Pacis Palladiumque Forum. 


3. 1. 21-24; Tac. Ann. z. 88; Agr. 
1.1; D. 18; Sen. Ep. 114. 13; 
Plin. Ep. 6. 21. r. The thought 
occurs too in Greek literature; cf. 
e.g. Soph. Ajax 961-965. 

2. M. advertises a handy vol- 
ume of his epigrams. Such a vol- 
ume could hardly be a papyrus 
roll (vo/wmez); it was rather a 
parchment book (codex). See on 
3-4. Parchment (membrana: prop. 
‘the skin of an animal’) made a 
better writing surface than papy- 
rus; it could be utilized on both 
sides. For other pocket editions 
cf. 14. 184 (Homer); 186 (Vergil); 
190 (Livy); Birt 57 ff.— Meter: $48. 

r, ubicumque ubique; for 
the thought cf. 1. 1. 2 N.—libel- 
los: here a dim. of affection. Cf. 
also I. 1. 3 N. 

2. M. is addressing those who 
are looking for handy volumes 
with which to beguile the tedium 
of a long journey.— comites: 
pred. acc.; cf. 14. 188; Pub. Syr. 
104 comes facundus in via pro vehz- 
culo est. — longae... viae: see 
§ 48, c. —habere : guaero-+ inf. (in 
poetry as old as Lucr.) is frequent 
in M.; cf. 1. 33. 3; 11.84. 1 ; etc. 

3. hos (Zbe/os) prob. refers 
only to Books I-II, published in 
85 or 86; $13. — artat . . . tabel- 
lis: the use of parchment (cf. 
Introd.) enabled the copyist to 


compress so much within small 
pages that the reader might well 
imagine he held codicil/ or fugi 
lares membranei (cf. manus una 
capit, 4; 14. 190. I). — tabellis = 
foliis, paginis, cf. prima tabella, 
14. 186. 2. fabel/zs is instr. abl. with 
artat. 

4. scrinia shows that the con- 
trast is between books of parch- 
ment (codices) and volumina of 
papyrus (see Introd.); for the lat-. 
ter the sevzzza and oval capsae 
were used, the rolls being stuck in 
them ends down. See 14. 37. 
Introd. — me repeats the thought 
of 3; for the figure cf. 14. 190. 

6. urbe... tota implies that 
all the book-trade was not in the 
Argiletum (see on 8) and that these 
codicilli were not easily picked up. 

7. docti Lucensis: unknown 
to us, though evidently well known 
in Rome. — Secundum: besides 
Secundus M. had several publish- 
ers, possibly because the Z5 epz- 
grammaton were published at 
various times and in different 
styles. He mentions Pollius (1. 
113. 5), Atrectus (1. 117. 13-14), 
and Tryphon (4. 72.2; 13.3.4). On 
the book-trade in Rome see Marq. 
826; Beck. 2. 445 ff.; Birt 353 ff.; 
357 ff.; Lanciani Anc. R..182. 

8. limina... Pacis: the en- 
trance to the Temple of Peace; 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


3 


[1-3-1 


Argiletanas mavis habitare tabernas, 
cum tibi, parve liber, scrinia nostra vacent. 
Nescis, heu, nescis dominae fastidia Romae:  , 
crede mihi, nimium Martia turba sapit. E 


Pacis = templi Pacis. The Forum 
Pacis (Forum Vespasiani), lying 
behind (i.e. north of) the Basi- 
lica Aemilia, was the easternmost 
of the imperial fora, all of which 
lay north of the Forum Magnum 
(Forum Romanum). In this forum 
was a magnificent Temple of 
Peace, dedicated in 75 to com- 
memorate the triumph of Rome 
over the .Jews. See Platner 265. 
—Palladium .. . Forum:a poetic 
designation of the Forum Nervae. 
This plot was nicknamed Forum 
Transitorium or Forum Pervium 
because, being comparatively nar- 
row, it was little more than a thor- 
oughfare lying between the Forum 
Pacis on the east and the older 
fora, those of Caesár and Augus- 
tus, on the west. It was begun by 
Domitian and finished by Nerva, 
in 98. It contained a temple of 
Minerva (Pallas); hence the name 
Forum Palladium. See Platner 
266-268. Cf. 4. 53. 1-2 zntra pene- 
tralia nostrae Pallados et templi 
limina ... novi. — The chief book- 
sellers! quarter in Rome was the 
Argiletum, an important street 
which ran out of the north side of 
the Forum Romanum, and, passing 
between the Curia and the Basilica 
Aemilia, gave access to the Subura 
and the whole eastern section of 
thecity. Domitian and Nerva con- 
verted this street into the Forum 
Nervae (Palladium); see Platner 
170; 266. See also 1.3.1; 1.117.9-10. 

3. A prefatory epigram (cf. 1. 1; 
1. 2), addressed to his book, which 


is represented as a bird anxious to 
leave the parent nest. Horace, in 
Ep. 1. 20. 20-21, had similarly ad- 
dressed his book; Ovid in the 
opening of his Z77sta thus bids 
farewell to his work: parve, nec 
znvideo, sine me, liber, ibis in urbem. 
Cf. 3. 2, with notes. — Meter: § 48. 

I. Argiletanas: see on 1.2.8. 
For position of adjective and noun 
see on I. I. 3. — habitare taber- 
nas implies a permanent change 
of abode: ‘You thirst for fame 
and prefer the applause of men to 
the quiet discipline of home’. 

2. parve liber: a collection 
only of Books I-II ; see on ZideZos, 
1. 2. I. — scrinia... vacent: ie. 
*there is plenty of room for you 
at home’; the pl. sezzzia adds to 
theforce of the verb. See 1.2.4 N. 

3. dominae ... Romae, Rome, 
mistress of the world; cf. 10. 103. 9 
moenia... dominae pulcherrima 
Romae ; 12. 21. 9-10 tu desiderzum 
dominae mihi mitius urbis esse 
tubes; Hor. C. 4. 14. 43-44 0 tutela 
praesens Jtaliae domznaeque Romae; 
Ep. 1.7.44 regia Roma.— fastidia, 
niceness, i.e. hypercriticism; for the 
plural see A. 100, c ; GL. 204, N. 5; 
L. 1109. 

4. nimium . .. sapit explains 
Jastidia (3): ‘knows too much, little 
book, for you to escape the conse- 
quences of your temerity'. — Mar- 
tia turba alludes to the legendary 
descent of the Romans, through 
Romulus, from Mars. The whole 
verse is contemptuous: as if a 
mob of soldiers could exercise fair 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 7 


5 Maiores nusquam rhonchi: iuvenesque senesque 
et pueri nasum yhinocerotis habent. 
Audieris cum grande sophos, dum basia iactas, 
ibis ab excusso missus in astra sago. 


literary criticism! Cf. 5. 19. 5 2z4- 
chrior et maior quo sub duce Martia 
Roma, though the tone there is 
different. 

5-6. These verses explain /a- 
stidia (3); everybody is a would-be 
critic; age has not learned wisdom 
nor youth modesty; literature is 
nothing if not satirical and epi- 
grammatic. — nusquam = zzs- 
quam alibi, i.e. nowhere else than 
in Rome; see on zz/o, Lib. Spect. 
29. r1. M. is thinking especially 
of the zecztationes which flourished 
from the time of Asinius Pollio 
under Augustus to Hadrian; see 
Fried. SG. 3. 419 ff.; Mayor on 
Iuv. 3. 9. — rhonchi: prop. said 
of snoring (cf. péyxos, péyxos): cf. 
3. 82. 30 sentium rhonchis prae- 
stare iussi, ‘we are bidden to keep 
still while our host snores'; then 
said of a croaking frog; here used 
metaphorically of the outward 
manifestations of the hearers at 
the recitations, seers; cf. 4.86. 7 ; 
Apoll Sidon. C. 3. 8 xec mos 
vhonchisono rhinocerote — notat. 
Note the onomatopoeia. — iuve- 
nesque senesque occurs in 7. 7I. 
5; 9. 7.9; Ov. M. 8. 526. — nasum 
rhinocerotis : cf. zaso adunco ali- 
quem suspendere (e.g. Hor. S. 
I. 6. 5), *turn up the nose at'; 
I. 4I. 18 ; 12. 37. Y zasutus nimium 
cupis videri; 13. 2.1-3; Hor. S. 
2.8.64; Pers. 1. 40-41 **vzdes", azt, 
“et nimis uncis naribus indulges”; 
1.118; Otto s.v. Masus. Rhinoce- 
rotis seems to imply that the dis- 
play of contempt was both extreme 
and chronic. Even the applause is 
hypocritical; see 7-8. The whole 


expression appears to have become 
proverbial; cf. Apoll. Sidon. C. 9. 
342-343 rugato Cato tertius labello 
marem rhinoceroticam minetur. 
For public interest in the rhinoce- 
ros see I4. 52; 14. 53; Lib. Spect. 
9; 22; Luv. 7. 130. 

7. grande, /oud (prop. strong), 
is also ironical, Zesty. — sophos 
(270985), bravo! good! hear, hear! 
Cf. 3. 46.8; 6. 48. 1; Petr. 40 sophos 
universi clamamus. Similar excla- 
mations were sapienter, recte, ebye, 
LeyáNos, bene, perbene, praeclare, 
belle, optume, festive, lepide, nil 
supra. In 2. 27. 3 we have effzcte ! 
graviter! cito! neguiter! euge! 
beate ! Appreciation was expressed 
in still other ways ; see 10. 10. 9-10. 
— basia iactas, you are throwing 
kisses, a custom current in M.’s 
time in recognition of favors be- 
stowed or as a mark of honor; 
here the kisses are in acknowl- 
edgment of the kisses thrown by 
the audience or of their suphos. 
Iuv. 4. 117-118 characterizes Ve- 
iento as dignus Aricinos qui mendi- 
caret ad axes blandaque devexae 
zactaret. basia raedae; cf. Phaedr. 
5. 7. 28 in plausus consurrectum 
est ; tactat basia tibicen : gratulari 
autores putat. Basium as a sub- 
stitute for suavinm was made pop- 
ular in literature by Catullus. See 


12. 29. 4 N. 
8. ibis, go you w://, but as you 
little expect, Le. ab... missus... 


sago.— ab...sago: in Roman 
camps the tiro was hazed by being 
tossed in a blanket extemporized 
out of a soldier’s thick cloak; cf. 
Suet. Oth. 2. The thought is; ‘At 


à 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


(1.3.9 


Sed tu, ne totiens domini patiare lituras 


IO 


neve notet lusus tristig harundo tuos, 


aetherias, lascive, cupis volitare per auras : 
i fuge; sed poteras tutior esse domi. 


4 


Contigeris nostros, Caesar, si forte libellos, 


the very moment when you are 
congratulating yourself on success, 
your pretended admirers are sneer- 
ing at you, and the immortality 
which you fancy you have already 
won is fictitious'. — excusso — 
distento, i.e. shaken out and pulled 
taut. 

9. totiens...lituras: the Zer 
thinks of the author as a slave- 
master (domzzus) from whom it 
longs to escape, without realizing 
that in so doing it will but fall 
into the hands of a domina (3) 
more heartless.—lituras: note the 
etymology and original meaning; 
here, as &arundo shows, papyrus 
was used. Cf. 4. 10. 7-8 ; 7. 17.7-8. 

ro. notet:  zofare (cf. mota) 
came to mean ‘brand’, and so ‘cen- 
sure’; it is here ironical (‘mar’) 
for ‘correct’; cf. 7. 17. 7-8.— 
lusus: cf. Jasczve, 11, with note. — 
tristis harundo, «a harsh and 
over-critical pen. Harundo = cala- 
mus scriptorius, which was im- 
ported from Egypt (Plin. N. H. 
16. 157); cf. 14. 209. 2 znoffensa 
curret harundo via. 

II. aetherias .. . per auras: 
in contrast to the dark scrzza (2). 
— lascive: primarily sfortive, play- 
Jul (cf. Hor. S. 1. 3. 133 vellunt 
tibi barbam lascivi fuer: here, 
perhaps, there is a secondary refer- 
ence to the wanton character of 
some of the epigrams; cf. 1. 4. 8 
lasciva pagina. Further, in Hor. 
Ep. 1. 20, which M. had in mind 


throughout, Horace compares his 
book, which is now eager to leave 
him, to a slave ready to turn wan- 
ton; cf. fuge (12). M. thinks of his 
book as all too ready to become a 
(servus) fugitivus.—cupis voli- 
tare, you are anxious to try your 
wings, i.e. to get out into the world 
of letters. 

12. i fuge: note the asynde- 
ton; for other examples with 7 cf. 
10. 20.4; 10. 96. 13. The combina- 
tion of 7 4- another imv. is regu- 
larly emotional, often sarcastic ; 
cf. Lease A.J. P. 19. 59-69. — po- 
teras. ..esse, you might have 
been; see A. 517,0; GL. 254, Rem. 
1; 597, Rem. 3; L. 1495-1496.. 
Note the tense; with z, fuge M. 
set the book (bird) free. — domi : 
ie.in the scrzzia (2). 

4- Another prefatory epigram, 
a carefully worded appeal to Do- 
mitian, as censor morum, to over- 
look the ‘playful’ epigrams of 
this collection. * If by chance my 
poems fall into your hands, do not 
criticise them with the stern look 
proper enough for the master of 
the world when he is exercising 
his imperial functions, but receive 
my pleasantries as you would the 
jibes of the crowd were you cele- 
brating a triumph', etc. Cf. the 
Praefatio to BookI.— Meter: § 48. 

1. Contigeris is more diplo- 
matic than 2ez/egeris would be; 
Cf. 10. 64. 1-2 contigeris regina meos 
5i Polla libellos, non tetrica nostros 


1.4- 5] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 9 


terrarum dominum pone supercilium. 
Consuevere iocos vestri quoque ferre triumphi 
materiam dictis nec pudet esse ducem. 
5 Qua Thymelen spectas derisoremque Latinum, 


excipe fronte iocos.— forte: of 
course M. saw to it that a copy of 
his book reached Domitian, but 
he is too much of a courtier to 
assume that Domitian will read it. 
— libellos: here dim. of (mock) 
depreciation; contrast I. 2. I N. 

2. terrarum = ordis terrarum ; 
the Latin poets seem to prefer the 
single word when it is in the gen. 
with domznus; cf. 7. 5. 5 terrarum 
dominum ; 8. 2.6 terrarum domino 
deoque rerum (both passages refer 
to Domitian); Ov. Pont. 2.8.26; 
Luc. 8. 208.— pone = depone; see 
on Lib. Spect. 29. 5. The simple 
verb is often thus used for the 
compound in poetry and in Silver 
Latin. See H. L. Wilson, Gilder- 
sleeve Studies, 49ff.; Trans. Amer. 
Phil Ass. 31. 202-222. — super- 
cilium, od, will, sternness; cf. 1. 
24.2 cuzus et ipse times triste super- 
cilium; Apoll Sidon. C. 15. 189 
nunc Stozca tandem pone supercilia. 
The vs. is an echo of the court 
talk; cf. 10. 64. 1-2, cited on r. 
It reminds one of the famous de- 
scription in Hom. Il. 1. 528-530 of 
Jupiter's nod that shook Olympus, 
which inspired, it is said, Phidias's 
statue of Jupiter at Olympia (cf. 
Lib. Spect. r. Introd.). 

3-8. * You and other great con- 
querors have learned to accept 
gracefully, without loss of dignity, 
the jibes of the crowd'. — Con- 
suevere and the pl. triumphi, by 
implying that Domitian had be- 
come habituated to triumphs, con- 
tinue the flattery of 2. The custom 
of bantering (or lauding) the zzzge- 
rator at a triumph was very old ; 


cf. 7. 8. 7-10 festa coronatus ludet 
convicia miles, inter laurigeros cum 
comes zbit equos ; fas audire tocos 
Jevioraque carmina, Caesar, et tibi, 
st lusus ipse triumphus amat; Suet. 
Tul. 49; 51; etc.; Marq.-Wissowa 
2. 588. 2. — vestri, of you emperors 
in general, is more diplomatic, be- 
cause less personal, than Zzz would 
have been; Domitian's triumphs 
had not been preceded by substan- 
tial military successes. — quoque : 
ie. as well as those of generals not 
principes. 

4. materiam dictis, a subject 
Jor jibes; cf. Petr. 109 Eumolpus 
et ipse vino solutus dicta voluit in 
calvos stigmososque iaculari; Ov. 
Tr. 2. 70 et se materiam carminis 
esse iuvat (Iuppiter). Other con- 
structions appear in luv. 10. 47 
materiam risus; Cic. De Or. 2. 
59. 239 satzs bella materies ad zocan- 
dum.— ducem: dux frequently = 


.imperator in M. and contemporary 


poets. Iuv. 4. 145 applies dux 
magnus specially tessxOmitian. 
5. Qua: sc. fronte, — Thyme- 


len: a stage name (cf. QvuéAy ; see 
§ 38; Fried. SG. 2. 626) of a cele- 
brated mzma, or pantomimic dan- 
seuse. Thymele and, Latinus, an 
equally famous mms, court fa- 
vorites both, are oftdn mentioned 
together; cf. e.g. Iuv. 1. 36 trepido 
Thymele summissa Latino. Suet. 
Dom. 15 represents Latinus as 
retailing to Domitian the gossip of 
the town as they dined together. 
For Thymele's acting see Iuv. 6. 
66; 8. 107; for Latinus see 13. 2. 
35 2. 72. 3; 3. 86. 3. — spectas: 
spectare is often used of looking 


IO ' M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1.4.6 


illa fronte, precor, carmina nostra legas : 
innocuos censura potest permittere lusus ; 
lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba. 


Bellus homo et magnus vis idem, Cotta, videri : 
sed qui bellus homo est, Cotta, pusillus homo est. 


on at Judi, triumphi, etc.; cf. 5. 14. 
7; 5. 19. 3 quando magis dignos 
licuit spectare triumphos ? 4.2. 1-2 
spectabat modo solus inter omnes 
nigris munus Horatius lacernis; 
Hor. A. P. 189-190; S. 2. 8. 79. — 
derisorem, clown, buffoon.» ^ ' 

6. fronte, drow, expression; cf. 
supercilium in 2; 10. 64. 1, cited 

'OnI;j 7. 12. 1-2 szc me fronte legat 
dominus, Faustine, serena excipiat- 
que meos qua solet aure iocos. 

7. innocuos, harmless; M. 
would be careful, knowing that 
Domitian, as censor, had sought 
to bring to book authors of libels 
and to restrain the license of ac- 
tors. Cf. $38; 3.99. 3; 5. 15.2 
et queritur laesus carmine nemo 
meo; 7. 12. 9 ludimus innocui ; 
IO. 5, with notes. — censura: see 
Introd. On the censorship, the 
tribunicia potestas, and the zmpe- 
rium the imperial power was 
largely built up. M. is asserting 
that nothing in his epigrams calls 
for Domitian’s notice. 

8. lasciva, playful; see on /a- 
scivé, 1. 3.11. Cf. Ovid’s zocosa, 
cited below.— proba, clean, hon- 
orable; the chiasmus adds to the 
antithesis with Jasciva. Cf. Ov. Tr. 
2. 353-354 crede mihi, distant 
mores a carmine nostro: vita vere- 
cunda est, Musa zocosa mea. In 9. 
28. 5-6 M. makes Latinus say: sed 
nihil a nostro sumpsit mea vita the- 
atro et sola tantum scaenicus arte 


Jeror. Perhaps the example of 
Ovid's Jascivia had not been lost 
on M.; $ 33. 

9. * Tocall a dellus homo a man 
of worth is a contradiction in 
terms', — Meter: § 48. 

1. bellus: dim. of denus = bo- 
nus (benulus, benlus, bellus); per- 
haps at first, as applied to men, a 
slang word. del/us homo = ‘dandy’, 
‘rake’, ‘ladies’ man’, etc.; Plin. Ep. 
4. 25. 3 uses the phrase of a sena- 
tor who took advantage of a secret 
vote in the senate to write obscene 
nonsense on his ballot; Catull. 78 
applies Ze//zs to dissolute persons. 
In Plaut. Cap. 956-957 the runaway 
slave Stalagmus says: /u ego bel- 
lus, lepidus ; bonus vir numquam 
neque frugi bonae neque ero. Cf.also 
I2. 39, with notes; 10.46. 1—2 otia 
vis belle, Matho, dicere ; dic aliquan- 
do et bene.— et = et tamen, as very 
often in M. — Cotta: unknown; 
perhaps a fictitious name (§ 38). 

2. pusillus: dim. of pusus = 
puer ; cf. pusto. A bellus homoisno 
man at all, or at least a man that 
lacks manliness; cf. 3.63. 14 res per- 
tricosa est, Cottle, bellus komo; 12. 39. 
2 res est putida bellus (homo) et Sa- 
bellus. Ct.also 3. 62.8 animus pusil- 
lus; 9. So. 1 ingenium pusillum. 

IO. Before M/s time legacy- 
hunting (capftatio) had become a 
profession at Rome. Latin litera- 
ture contains many allusions, hu- 
morous (see e.g. Hor. S. 2. 5) and 


1. I2. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


IO 


II 


Qu 


Petit Gemellus nuptias Maronillae 

et cupit et instat et precatur et donat. 
Adeone pulchra est? Immo foedius nil est. 
Quid ergo in illa petitur et placet? Tussit. 


I2 


Itur ad Herculei gelidas qua Tiburis arces 


otherwise, to these caftatores, who 
sought in every way to ingratiate 
themselves with people well-to-do, 
but without natural heirs. Plin. 
Ep. 2. 20 charges Regulus (see r. 
12. Introd.) with such cagzazze; 


Iuv. ro. 201-202, describing the - 


disgust excited by a man in his 
dotage, says: sque adeo gravis 
uxori natisque sibique ut captatori 
moveat fastidia Cosso. Cf. 6. 63; 
5. 39; Fried. SG. 1. 414 ff.— 
Meter: $ 52. 

i. Gemellus: see App. — Ma- 
ronillae : objective genitive. 

2. cupit... donat: his almost 
despainng earnestness is brought 
out by the series of verbs that 
amounts to a climax: ‘Yea, he 
craves it, he is hot upon its trail 
with entreaties and with presents’. 

3. Adeone: i.e. as to warrant 
such persistency in face of oppo- 
sition. — Immo: regularly cor- 
rective. — foedius, uglier, more 
loathsome.— nil: more emphatic 
than zemo. Had M. said nemo, he 
would be comparing (contrasting) 
Maronilla only with all other 
women; by writing 77/ he contrasts 
her with all other things in the 
world. So often at all periods. 
Further, the Romans often prefer 
a negative sentence with a compar- 
ative such as we have here to a pos- 
itive sentence with a superlative 
('oedissimum rerum omnium est). 


4. ergo often betrays strong 
feeling; cf. e.g. Hor. C. 1. 24. 5; 
luv. 1. 3. — Tussit, she has a (bad) 
cough. Cf. 2. 26. 1-4 quod queru- 
lum spirat, quod acerbum Naevia 
tussit inque tuos mittit sputa sub- 
inde sinus, iam te rem factam, 
Bithynice, credis habere? erras: 
blanditur Naevia, nom moritur; 
5. 39. 5-6; Hor. S. 2. 5. 106-109. 
Tussit is a mapà mpocOok(av jest, of 
the sort common in satire, e.g. in 
Aristophanes; cf. Iuv. 1. 74 prodz- 
tas laudatur et — alget ! 

I2. In praise of M. Aquilius 
Regulus, famous as a lawyer and 
infamous as a delator (under Domi- 
tian) and captator (see 1. 10. In- 
trod.). His narrow escape from the 
fall of a colonnade stirs M. to flat- 
tery. Cf. 1. 82. M. probably had a 
mercenary motive, for Regulus was 
his patron; see$20; 7. 16. Regulus 
probably felt well repaid for his 
patronage of M., for the poet 
praises him as a man of piety, wis- 
dom, and genius (1. 111; 5. 63), 
an eloquent lawyer (2. 74; 5. 28; 
6. 38) worthy of comparison with 
Cicero (4. 16), etc. The odious 
picture drawn of him by Plin. Ep. 
I. 5; 2. 20 and Tac. Hist. 4. 42 is 
probably truer to life, at least for 
his earlier years. See Merrill on 
Plin. Ep. 1. 5. 1. — Meter: § 48. 

r. Herculei . . . arces: see 
App. The fame of the splendid 


12 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


(1. 12. 2 


canaque sulphureis Albula fumat aquis, 
rura nemusque sacrum dilectaque iugera Musis 
signat vicina quartus ab urbe lapis. 
s Hic rudis aestivas praestabat porticus umbras, 


temple of Hercules at Tibur was 
wide-spread ; see Burn, Rome and 
the Campagna, 397. Cf. Priap. 7 5. 
8-9 tutela Rhodos est beata Solis, 
Gades Herculis umidumque Tibur ; 
Prop. 4. 7. 81-82.  Herculeum is 
as much a stock epithet of Tibur 
as are umidum, udum, supinum. 
With Zerculei...arces cf. 4. 57. 
9-10; 4.62.1 Z?bur in Herculeum 
migravit nigra Lycoris..— gelidas, 
cool, because the town lay on high 
ground; cf. 4. 64. 32; Iuv. 3. 190 
gelida Praeneste; Hor. C. 3. 4. 22 
rigidum Praeneste. — qua, where. 
The villa of Regulus was near the 
Via Tiburtina and the Albula (2). 
—arces: Hor. S. 2. 6. 16 uses arx 
with reference to his Sabine farm 
as a place of refuge from the city. 

2. sulphureis...aquis: the 
sulphur springs known as Albula 
or Aquae Albulae (modern Acque 
Albule or Solfatara), referred to by 
Strabo as rà ÁMgovAa voara, lay 
near Tibur, a little north of the Via 
Tiburtina. The name was doubt- 
less due to the whitish hue of the 
water (cf. caza); the malodorous 
sulphur vapor of the springs sug- 
gested fumat. For the rhyme see 
§ 48, c; cf. dzugis . . . equis, 8. — 
aquis, medicinal springs, baths. The 
villa of Regulus lay between the 
Aquae and Rome, near enough to 
the city to be convenient of access 
and still near the mountains and 
the fashionable locality of the 
Albula. The baths at the Albulae 
have been in use again since 1879. 

3. rura: this word is used in 
both numbers of a country estate 
with its acres, gardens, and build- 
ings; cf. Cic. Rosc. Amer. 46. 133 


habet animi causa rus amoenum et 
suburbanum ; Hor. Epod. 2. 3 pa- 
terna rura bobus exercet suis, — 
sacrum: as the haunt of the 
Muses. — iugera: freely, ‘acres’. 

4. signat, marks the situation 
of. — quartus . . . lapis, only the 
fourth milestone; lapis is fre- 
quently used for the more exact 
miliarium. Distances were reck- 
oned from the city gates; see Mid- 
dleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, 
2. 538; 1. 264. M. cannot exactly 
locate the villa, because it lay off 
the road; in 7. 31 he calls this 
estate rus marmore tertio notatum. 
Cf. 3. 20. 17-18 an rure Tulli fruz- 
tur atque Lucani? an Pollionis dulce 
(rus) currit ad quartum (lapidem) ? 

5. rudis,roug, rustic; originally 
plainly built, it had now become 
old (cf. 7). But there is a play 
on words; the portico is boorish, 
dead to the feeling for Regulus 
that everything on the estate 
should have shared with the 
Muses. One or more porticoes or 
colonnades ( fortécus) were essen- 
tial parts of a country establish- 
ment. Sometimes, as here, the 
portico served as a gestatio for use 
in hot or wet weather; cf. 12. 5o. 
3 (in a description of a villa with 
baths, hippodrome, etc.) a£ ti 
centenis stat porticus alta columnis; 
Iuv. 7. 178-179 balnea sescentis 
(emuntur) et pluris porticus in qua 
gestetur dominus quotiens pluit; 4. 
5-6. Cf. also Pliny's descriptions 
of his villa at Laurentum and that 
in Tuscany, Ep. 2. 17; 5. 6.— ae- 
stivas... umbras: cf. Petr. 131 
nobilis aestivas platanus diffuderat 
umbras. 


1. 13. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


13 


heu quam paene novum porticus ausa nefas ! 
nam subito conlapsa ruit, cum mole sub illa 

gestatus biiugis Regulus esset equis. 
Nimirum timuit nostras Fortuna querelas, 


quae par tam magnae non erat invidiae. 


Nunc et damna iuvant ; sunt ipsa pericula tanti: 
stantia non poterant tecta probare deos. 


I3 


Casta suo gladium cum traderet Arria Paeto, 


6. quam paene...nefas: cf. 
6. 58. 3 o quam paene tibi Stygias 
ego raptus ad undas; Hor. C. z. 
I3. 21-22 quam paene furvae regna 


Proserpinae . . . vidimus. Nefas 
emphasizes the flattery. 
7. Subito . . . cum: Regulus 


had just driven from beneath the 
portico when it fell; cam — after. 
Cf. r. 82. 5-6. — conlapsa ruit: 
cf. Iuv.8. 77 conlapsa ruant subduc- 
tis tecta columnis. — mole: moles 
is used of something massive, espe- 
cially if built of stone or brick (con- 
crete faced with brick); cf. Hor. C. 
3. 29. 10 (of Maecenas's great Es- 
quiline palace) molem propinguam 
nubibus arduis (desere); 2. 15. 1-2. 

8. gestatus...esset: gestare 
often = to ‘take the air’, ‘ride’, 
‘drive’, ‘sail’, etc., for pleasure; 
cf. I2. 17. 3 N. 

9-10. ‘Even fickle Fortune 
would not risk the odium certain 
to be incurred by snatching away 
such a man as Regulus’. Cf. 7. 
47. 7; Stat. Silv. 3..5. 41-42 sz- 
perique potentes invidiam timuere 
tuam. 

11-12. ‘This material loss and 
the risk to Regulus are not with- 
out compensations. We know 
now that there are gods who care 
for mankind and that they have 


Regulus under their special provi- 
dence'.— et, even. Et and ipsa 
here equal each other. — tanti — 
tanti quanti constarunt, ‘all they 
cost’, in distress to Regulus’s 
friends; cf. 5. 22. 12. — stantia = 
a protasis, or dum stabant. — pro- 
bare: prop. ‘put to the test’; 
hence, in this context, commend, 
indorse. Forthe thought cf. 1. 82. 
IO-II; 2. 9I. 2 sospite quo (— Cae- 
sare) magnos credimus esse deos. 

I3. Caecina Paetus espoused 
the cause of Camillus Scribonia- 
nus, who took up arms against 
Claudius. He was arrested, taken 
to Rome, and condemned to death. 
His wife Arria (mother of the 
Arria who was married to P. Clo- 
dius Thrasea Paetus) advised him 
to commit suicide rather than in- 
cur the disgrace of execution, and 
set him an example of courage: cf. 
Plin. Ep. 3. 16. 6 praeclarum qui- 
dem illud eiusdem, ferrum. strin- 
gere, perfodere pectus, extrahere 
pugionem, porrigere marito, addere 
vocem immortalem ac paene divi 
nam: Paete, non dolet. Fried. thinks 
M. had in mind some work of art 
which portrayed Arria's act. — 
Meter : § 48. 

1, Casta: emphatic by position, 
that model of purity.— suo, her 


14 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1.13.2 


quem de visceribus strinxerat ipsa suis, 
* Si qua fides, vulnus quod feci non dolet ", inquit, 


“sed quod tu facies, hoc mihi, Paete, dolet "'. 


I5 


O mihi post nullos, Iuli, memorande sodales, 
si quid longa fides canaque iura valent, 
bis iam paene tibi consul tricensimus instat, 

et numerat paucos vix tua vita dies. 


Non bene distuleris videas quod posse negari, 


et solum hoc ducas, quod fuit, esse tuum. 


well-beloved; cf. the use of suus in 
superscriptions of letters, and that 
of meus in the familiar mz fi. 
— gladium here = szcaz, pugio- 
nem; cf. Plin. above. 

2. strinxerat: as if from its 
scabbard; cf. Plin. above. See 
App. 
3. Si qua fides = s guid mihi 
credis, ox erede mihi. 

4. facies is a prediction and so 
more effective than an exhortation 
in imv. or subjunctive; Arria is 
sure that Paetus's courage will 
match herown. See App.— dolet: 
there is a partial play on words; 
dolet is used in 3 of physical pain, 
in 4 of pain of soul. 

I5. “Tl live to-morrow’, will 
a wise man say? To-morrow is 
too late: then live to-day " (Hay). 
This epigram is addressed to Iulius 
Martialis, for many years a very 
intimate friend of M. (cf. 12. 34. 
1-2; $20). This friendship inspired 
several beautiful epigrams, esp. 
4. 64; 7.17; 10.47; 5.20; 11. 8o. 
— Meter: $48. 

I. memorande, worthy of re- 
membrance and mention; freely, 
‘whom I ought to honor’, — 


Sodales, £eo» companions, close 
Sriends;, c£. Ov. Tr. 1. 5. 1 0 mii 
post ullos numquam memorande 
sodales. See § 33. 

2. fides : freely, ‘faithful friend- 
Ship'; prop. mutual confidence 
growing out of long friendship. — 
canaque iura, and its hoar rights, 
‘friendship’s claims grown gray 
with age’ (Steph.). Caza is more 
expressive than vetusta would have 
been; cf.Verg. A. 1. 292 cana Fides. 

3. consul almost = annus; cf. 
8.45.4 amphora centeno consule 
facta minor (ie. wine made less 
by the evaporation of roo years). * 
— tricensimus : see 12. 34. 1-2. 

4. et = ef lamen. — paucos ... 
dies: *your real life has been 
short, because you have not 
learned how to live'. — vita : i.e. 
as a time for enjoyment. See on 
ares, cf. also 6. 70. 15; 8. 77. 
7-8. 

5-6. bene, w/se/y.— distuleris 
... ducas: subjunctives, because 
M. courteously uses the general- 
izing second person sing.; see A. 
518, a ; GL. 595, Rem. 3. — ducas 
= existimes. — quod fuit; i.e. the 
past. 


I. 15. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 15 


Exspectant curaeque catenatique labores, 
gaudia non remanent, sed fugitiva volant. 
Haec utraque manu conplexuque adsere toto: 
10 saepe fluunt imo sic quoque lapsa sinu. — 
Non est, crede mihi, sapientis dicere ** Vivam " : 
sera nimis vita est crastina: vive hodie. 


7. Exspectant, wazt for, to get 
you in their power. — catenati : 
freely, *in one long line' (join 
with both nouns: the daily round 
of toil is like an endless chain), 
or perhaps, rather, ‘close to one 
another', as slaves are in a chain- 
gang, with the intimation that 
Iulius himself is enslaved to them; 
cf. Aus. Idyll. 15. 13-14 adfizctat 
fortuna viros per bella, per aequor, 
irasque  insidiasque 
Jaberes. M. often predicates of 
conditions, attributes, acts, etc. 
what can properly be predicated 
only of the persons concerned 
(metonymy, transferred epithet): 
cf. 3. 46. 1 operam togatam ; 3. 58.24 
albo otio; 10. 13. 4 praetextata ami- 
ctia. The usage is common in all 
Latin poets. For the czsura see 
$47, c. 

8. gaudia . . . volant: ‘joys 
take wings; they are veritable birds 
of passage; trouble waits for us, 
joys never!’ Cf. 7. 47. 11. 

9-10. The figurative allusion to 
slaves in 7-8 (cf. catenatz, fugitiva) 
prob. suggested the metaphor of 9. 
Adserere manu in libertatem —'to 
declare a slave free in the process 
of manumissio’; in this a lictor, 
acting as adsertor libertatis, held a 
rod called /estuca or vindicta in one 
hand and laid the other hand on 
the slave. Aliguid adserere came 
to mean ‘appropriate’ or ‘claim’ 
something for one’s self. M. hints 
that to control gaudia fugitiva one 
-hand and a formal legal process 


catenatosque 


will not suffice; even when em- 
braced by both arms they often 
escape, as the skillful wrestler will 
baffle his antagonist by slipping 
downward from his embrace (10). 
— utraque manu: cf. Curt. 7. 8.24 
proinde Fortunam. tuam pressis 
manibus tene : lubrica est nec invita 
tenert polest. — imo . . . sinu: 
sinus often, as here, denotes the 
loose folds of the toga where it 
crosses the breast; these folds 
were used as a sort of pocket. 
Hence by an easy shift szzz here 
= ‘embrace’, complexu cf. 3. 5. 7-8 
est illi coniunx quae te manibusque 
sinugue excipiet. "Translate, ‘from 
the firmest embrace’. _ 

i. Non... Vivam: the man 
who understands the true philos- 
ophy of living will use the present 
tather than the future tense of vzzo. 
For the gen. saprentis see A. 343, C; 
GL. 366; L. 1237. 

12. vive hodie : the Epicurean 
doctrine, * Let us eat, drink, and be 
merry, for to-morrow we die’, had 
large acceptation; cf. 2. 59. 3-4; 
5.20; S. 58, esp. 1,7, 8; 7. 47. 11. 
For the use of vive, * get out of life 
all it has to give’, cf. vz/a, 4 N.; 
Verg. (?) Cop. 37-38 pereat qui 
crastina curat ! mors aurem vellens 
* Viyite" ait " Venio" ; Hor.C. 3.29. 
41-43 tle potens sui laetusque de- 
get, cui licet in diem dixisse * Vixi" ; 
Catull 5.1; Varr. ap. Non. 56; 
Sen. Brev. Vit. 8.— The elision 
near the end of the pentameter is 
harsh and rare; cf. 7. 73. 6. 


16 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


16 


Le 16. 1 


Sunt bona, sunt quaedam mediocria, sunt mala plura 
quae legis hic: aliter non fit, Avite, liber. 


20 


Dic mihi, quis furor est? turba spectante vocata 
solus boletos, Caeciliane, voras. 

Quid dignum tanto tibi ventre gulaque precabor ? 
boletum qualem Claudius edit edas. 


I6. M. jestingly warns his 
friend L. Stertinius Avitus (§ 1ff) 
not to expect perfection in his 
book, but to let the good pieces 
offset the bad. Cf. 7.81; 7.90. 
Of Stertinius, whose name occurs 

-in a municipal inscription of Ostia 
(Orelli-Henz. 6446), M. says in the 
Praefatio to Book IX: a4 .Ster- 
Tinium clarissimum virum scripsi- 
mus, qui imaginem meam ponere 
im bibliotheca sua voluit. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

2. Avite: for metrical reasons 
M. very often puts the name of 
the person to whom he is writing 
in the second half of the pentam- 
eter, in the voc.; cf. e.g. 1.20.2; 
4. 26. 2,4 ; 7. 88. 10; 10. 57. 2. See 
Fried. Einl 30. On M.’s prefer- 
ence for certain words in the 
second half of the pentameter see 
Zingerle 13 ff. 

20. Caecilianus is the type of 
the selfish patronus who occasion- 
ally, against his will, discharges 
his obligations to his c4emfes by 
inviting them to a so-called ban- 
quet (cena publica, cena popularis), 
at which the guests are put off 
with inferior food and wines, while 
the Patronus and a few intimates 
enjoy the best of everything. Cf. 
3. 60; 4. 68; Iuv. 5; Plin. Ep. 2.6; 
Fried. SG. r. 386. — Meter: $ 48. 


1. quis furor est, surely you 
must be crazy; cf. 2. 80. 2; "Tib. 
I. IO. 33 quis furor est atram bellis 
arcessere mortem ? —turba: Cae- 
cilianus does not invite a select 
few, but a veritable crowd. — 
spectante: the crowd is there 
after allonly to look on ; cf. 1.4. 5 
N.; 1. 43. I I. The spectacle here is 
the array of fine viands set before 
Caecilianus himself. — vocata, zz- 
vited, as guests; sarcastic here, as 
in I. 43. 1 ; 3. 6o. 1. 

2. solus; cf. Iuv. 1. 94-95 quis 
Jercula septem secreto cenavit avus ? 
— boletos: the Romans recog- 
nized various kinds of fung7, as 
fungi pratenses, fungi suilli, tubera, 
boleti ; see Plin. N. H. 22.96 ; Beck. 
3. 359 ff. C£. Iuv. 5. 146-148 velibus 
ancipites fungi ponentur amicis, 
boletus domino, sed (‘and in fact’) 
quales. Claudius edit ante illum 
uxoris, post quem nihil amplius 


' edit (see on 4). — Caeciliane: for 


position see on r. 16. 2. 

3. dignum: freely, ‘fit punish- 
ment for’, — gula: prop. ‘throat’, 
then gluttony ; cf. 5.70. 5 o quanta 
est gula, centiens comesse; 35.22. 
5 N.; Iuv. I. 140-141 guanta est 
gula quae sibi totos Ponit apros. 

4. qualem . . . edit: ie. ‘such 
as will kill you’; cf. Iuv. 5. 146- 
148, cited on 2. — Claudius: the 


1. 25. 8] 


25 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 17 


Ede tuos tandem populo, Faustine, libellos 
et cultum docto pectore profer opus, 

quod nec Cecropiae damnent Pandionis arces 
nec sileant nostri praetereantque senes. 

s Ante fores stantem dubitas admittere Famanr 

teque piget curáe praemia ferre tuae ? 

Post te victurae per te quoque vivere chartae 
incipiant : cineri gloria sera venit. 


emperor His wife Agrippina 
used a boletus to poison him: see 
Suet. Claud. 44; Tac. Ann. 12. 
66-67 ; Iuv. 6. 620 ff. 

25. M. urges Faustinus, a 
wealthy friend, to publish his 
poetry while he. can enjoy the 
praise of his contemporaries. For 
a like suggestion cf. Plin. Ep. 2. 
IO. Possibly Faustinus allowed 
natural diffidence or mayhap love 
of ease to choke his ambition ; on 
his villas see 3. 58; 4.57. He 
was probably one of those who, 
having under the empire no polit- 
ical career, wrote for amusement 
or for the vecztatio.— Meter: § 48. 

ri. tandem: a compliment ; M. 
has waited long. 

2. cultum, worked over, re- 
Jined, polished (cf. 1. 3. 9-10). — 
docto pectore: join with cudtum 
rather than with profer. Doctus is 
said of one learned in Greek as 
wellas Latin literature, and so is 
used especially of poets ; cf. 1o. 76. 
6; 1. 61. 1; etc. Docto pectore thus 
= ‘with the soul of a true poet’; 
Cf. 9. 77. 3-4 et multa dulcz, multa 
sublimi refert, sed cuncta | docto 
pectore. 

3-4. ‘Your poems need not 
fear the critics, Greek or Latin’. 
— Cecropiae...arces: Cecrops 
was the fabulous founder of 


Athens; Pandion was a king of 
Athens, so tradition said. Cf. r. 
39. 3 32, quis Cecropiae madidus 
Latiaeque Minervae; Lucr. 6. 1143 
populo Pandionis = Atheniensibus. 
—nostri...senes: i.e. those in 
Rome whose judgment is worth 
having; he ignores the zuvenes 
and the zer of 1. 3. 5-6. — prae- 
tereant, sZzgA£; cf. Hor. A. P. 342 
celsi praetereunt austera poemata 
Ramnes. 

5-6. ‘Are you so apathetic that 
you refuse admittance to Fame 
when she knocks, or after all the 
care bestowed on your poems do 
you hesitate to accept distinction 
as your reward?’ Cf. Suet. Galb. 
4 sumpta virili toga somniavit For- 
tunam dicentem stare se ante fores 
defessam et, nisi ocius reciperetur, 
cuicumque obvio praedae futuram. 
— curae : cf. 1. 45. 1 edita ne bre- 
vibus pereat mihi cura libellis; 1. 
66. 5. 

7-8. ‘Your posthumous im- 
mortality may be sure, but you 
should yourself enjoy your fame 
now'.—victurae ...chartae: cf. 
II. 3.73 8. 73. 4. Charta is prop. 
‘a leaf of Egyptian papyrus’; here, 
as often in M., it = pagina, Liber, 
writing(s); cf. also Catull 1. 
5-6 ausus es unus Jtalorum omne 
aevum tribus explicare. chartis; 


18 2 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1 27. 1 


Hesterna tibi nocte dixeramus, 
quincunces puto post decem peractos, 
cenares hodie, Procille, mecum. 
Tu factam tibi rem statim putasti 

5 et non sobria verba subnotasti 
exemplo nimium periculoso : 
picó pvdpova avwrmrórav, Procille. 


Hor. C. 4. 8. 21 si chartae sileant 
quod bene feceris. — vivere: cf. 8; 
1. 15. 11-12. — gloria is often used 
of literary reputation, especially in 
the writings of the Empire; cf. 5. 
IO. 12 sz post fata venit gloria, non 
propero; 10. 103. 3; Plin. Ep. 3. 
9. 8; Prop. 4. 10. 3 magnum iter 
ascendo, sed dat mihi gloria vires. 
— sera, too late; cf. 1. 1. 4-6, with 
notes. 

27. The point lies in the play 
on the proverb in 7: ‘I positively 
hate a table-companion who can- 
not forget' (what may have been 
said at dinner) Cf. the promise 
of Hor. Ep. 1. 5. 24-25 that at his 
‘dinner party ze fidos inter amicos 
sit qui dicta foras eliminet. Procil- 
lus, unknown to us, is some hanger- 
on, or else the name masks some 
real person; $38. The word may 
be specially coined, to express con- 
tempt, from mpé + Kiros = asinus, 
a frequent term of abuse.— Meter: 
§ 49. 

1. nocte: during the comzs- 
satio, which followed the cena 
proper. — dixeramus: perhaps 
epistolary plpf. (A. 479; GL. 252), 
but probably rather a simple plpf. 
preceding in time the perfects of 
4-5. 

2. quincunces: a guincunx 
was five twelfths of any whole (as, 
libra, iugerum, etc.). Here it is five 
twelfths of the sextaréus (which 


itself was one sixth of a cozgzus, 
3.283 liters), and = five cyath7. See 
Marq. 335; Hultsch 118, Sect. 5; 
704 Tab. XI. Cf. 2.1.9; 11. 36.7 
guincunces et sex cyathos bessemque 
bibamus. Hor. S. 1. 1. 74 speaks 
of a sextarzus vini as a fair amount 
to be taken at a meal.— puto: 
M. doesn't know what he said ; cf. 
non sobria verba (s). Forthe 6 see 
§ 54, c. — peractos = exhaustos, 
finished, drunk of. In prose 
we should have postguam decem 
quincunces peracti sunt. The anno 
urbis conditae construction after a 
prep. belongs mainly to poetry and 
to Livy. 

4. factam ... rem: ‘you as- 
sumed at once that the thing was 
(as good as) done so far as you 
were concerned, and that you were 
sure of another dinner’; ‘ you took 
it as uz fait accompli! (P. and S.). 
Cf. 2. 26. 3 iam te rem factam ... 
credis habere ? 6.61.1 rem factam 
Pompullus kabet, Cf. the phrase 
dictum factum, *no sooner said 
than done', e.g. in Ter. Heau. 904 
dictum factum huc abiit Clitipho. 

5. subnotasti: ‘you lost no 
timein jotting down my invitation'. 
Procillus had foreseen the very 
thing that had happened, that M. 
would forget. 

6-7. exemplo, precedent; cf. 
luv. 13. 1 exemplo quodcumque 
malo committitur. 'The precedent 


1, 32. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


29 


. 


19 


Fama refert nostros te, Fidentine, libellos 
non aliter populo quam recitare tuos. 

Si mea vis dici, gratis tibi carmina mittam : 
si dici tua vis, hoc eme, ne mea sint. 


32 


Non amo te, Sabidi, nec possum dicere quare: 
hoc tantum possum dicere: non amo te. 


set by Procillus will be (1) danger- 
ous to men's pocket-books, if every 
invitation given as this was is to 
count at full value, (2) dangerous 
to life itself, mayhap, if guests 
takenotesof conversations. There 
was good reason for the popularity 
of the Greek proverb in 7 under 
emperors who fostered the de/a- 
tores. See also on 1o. 48. 21-22. 

20. M. puts Fidentinus, a 
chronic offender, in the pillory for 
plagiarism; cf. 1.38; 1. 53; 1.72; 
§ 37 fin. M.’s popularity seems to 
have made him a prey to others 
also: cf. 12. 63. 12-13 nz est dete- 
rius latrone nudo: nil securius est 
malo poeta; 1. 66; 2. 20. In ro. 
102 he speaks of one gzz scribi 
nihil et tamen poeta est. The pas- 
sion for recitations may well bave 
increased the temptation to pla- 
giarism. — Meter: § 48. 

1, Fama, Rumor. 

2. recitare: see I. 3. 5 N. 

3-4. ‘If, when reading my epi- 
grams, you are willing to give me 
due credit for them, then gratis 
tibi (mea) carmina mittam. Tf you 
will not give me credit, let me at 
least get some cash from them’. 
— hoc: ie. full title to owner- 
ship, with consequent right to use 
as one's own. Ancient notions of 


literary ownership differed in some 
respects from those current to-day; 
cf. the fashion of the Sophists of 
writing speeches for other men to 
deliver. Cf. 2. 20; 12. 63. 6-7 dic 
vestro, rogo, sit pudor poetae, nec 
gratis vecitet meos libellos; 1. 66. 
13-14. The lack of copyright laws 
made plagiarism easier. — For the 
ending of the pentameter see 
$48, b. — See App. 

32. Cf. the following vss. 
written by Thomas Brown (1663— 
1704) on Dr. John Fell, Dean of 
Christ Church, Oxford, about 1670: 
* [ do not like thee, Dr. Fell, The 
reason why I cannot tell; But 
this I know and know full well, 
I do not like thee, Dr. Fell". In 
Thomas Forde's Virtus Rediviva 
(1661) we have: “TI love thee not, 
Nell, But why I can't tell; Yet this 
Iknow well,I love thee not, Nell". 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Non amo = oZ (litotes). For 
the & here and in 2, cf. puto, 1. 27. 
2 N. With the poem cf. Catull. 85 
odi et amo. Quare id faciam fortasse 
requiris; nescio, sed fieri sentio et 
excrucior. See Paukstadt 4; 19.— 
quare: sc. zzoz fe amem. The subjv. 
is seldom omitted save when other 
subjunctives in the same const. 
are expressed in the sentence. 


20 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 33. 1 


33 


Amissum non flet, cum sola est, Gellia patrem, 
si quis adest, iussae prosiliunt lacrimae. 

Non luget quisquis laudari, Gellia, quaerit, 
ille dolet vere, qui sine teste dolet. 


G4 


38 


Quem recitas meus est, o Fidentine, libellus, 
sed, male cum recitas, incipit esse tuus. 


PN RUPEE. | 
Urbanus tibi, Caecili, videris. ' E 


33. Real versus crocodile tears. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. non flet: either because she 
had been made happy by the 
wealth his death had brought her, 
or because now she can live with 
less restraint. — patrem: for acc. 
with verbs of emotion'see A. 388; 
GL. 330, N. 2; L. 1139. 

2. lussae : weeping as a fine 
art is very ancient; cf. Ter. Eu. 
67-69 ; Ov. Am. 1. 8.83 quin etiam 
discant oculi lacrimare coacti ; Tuv. 
6. 273-275; I3. 131-133 nemo do- 
lorem fingit in hoc casu. (i.e. when 
friends die), vestem diducere sum- 
mam contentus, vexare oculos umore 
coacto, — lacrimae : for the rhyme 
see § 48, c. 

3. laudari: i.e. for filial regard 
( pietas). 

4. dolet, feels pazn, i.e. experi- 
ences thetrue innerfeeling of grief; 
luget (3) and luctus are used of 
grief manifested by outward signs, 
such as tears, mourning garb, etc. 
—sine teste: cf. so/a, 1. 

38. ‘Bad reading will spoil a 
good epigram'. Cf.1.29.— Meter: 
§ 48. 


' d ^ 

1-2. ‘Cé,Aus. Ep. 14. 14-15 haec 
quoque ne nostrum possint urgere 
pudorem, tu recita: et vere poterunt 
tua dicta videri. 

41. M., deriding Caecilius, a 
parasitus (scurra, ardelio, nuga- 
for), distinguishes urbanitas and 
vernilitas (scurrilitas). Cf. Quint. 
6. 3. 17 urbanitas ... qua quidem 
significari video sermonem pracfe- 
ventem in verbis et sono et usu pro- 
prium quendam gustum urbis et 
sumptam ex conversatione doctorum 
faciam eruditionem, denique cui 
contraria sit vusticitas. M. implies 
that the verzzZitas of Caecilius has 
not even the merit of honest zz- 
sticitas (cf. 10. 101. 4, cited on 16). 
— Meter: $ 49. 

_ 1. Urbanus, folished, refined, 
in manner or in speech; hence 
sometimes = facetus, tocosus, lept- 
dus, argutus. Cf. — ebrpámeNos, 
doreios. Cf. Domitius Marsus ap. 
Quint. 6. 3. 105 uzbanus homo erit 
euius multa bene dicta responsaque 
erunt, et qui in sermonibus, circulis, 
conviviis ... omni denique loco vidi- 
cule commodeque dicet; Cic. Off. 
I. 29. 104 duplex omnino est iocandi 


, 


* 


ut 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I. 41. 6] 


Non es, crede mihi. 


2I 


Quid ergo? verna, 


hoc quod transtiberinus ambulator, 
qui pallentia sulphurata fractis 


s  permutat vitreis, quod otiosae 


vendit qui.madidum cicer coronae, 


genus: unum inliberale, petulans, 
flagitiosum, obscenum, alterum. ele- 
gans, urbanum, ingeniosum, face- 
tum.— Caecili: prob. the zmpurus 
of 2. 72. : 

2. Quid ergo (es)? what then 
are you?—verna here = scurra. 
Slaves born in the master’s house 
(vernae) were much better treated 
than other slaves; Plutarch, Cato 
Cens. 20, declares that Cato’s wife 
did not think it beneath her to 
suckle ‘the children of vernae. 
Hence they became spoiled and 
assumed special liberty in speech 
and action; verzzla dicta thus = 
scurrilia dicta. See Beck. 2. 131 ff.; 
Marq. 166-167. Hence vernilitas 
often = ‘pertness’, as well as 
‘cringing servility’; cf. Hor. S. 2. 6. 
65-67 ante Larem proprium vescor 
Vernasque procaces pasco libatis 
dapibus; Tib. 1.5.25. Many vernae 
were pets; cf. Petr. 66 zam si ali- 
quid muneris. meo vernulae non 
tulero, habebo comticium. Such 
slaves were often trained as jesters 
and buffoons, and as favorites eas- 
ily secured manumission. 

3. hoc (es) . . . ambulator: 
* you're no gentleman, but rather 
whatthe street peddler is', etc. The 
Regio Transtiberina, on the west 
bank of the Tiber, was an unsavory 
district, largely given up to Jews,. 
peddlers, and representatives of the 
trades which were not tolerated 
on the eastern bank (e.g; tanning). 
In 6.93.4 M. mentions among 
malodorous objects detracta cani 
Transtiberina cutis; see also Luv. 
14. 200 ff. Yet on the hills of this 


district were some fine estates: 
4. 64 ; 1. 108, 1-2. 

4-6. qui... vitreis: it is un- 
certain whether the sz/jAzrata 
were bits of sulphur to be used 
as cement, or tinder, Le. bits of 
wood tipped with sulphur (Morgan, 
Harv. Stud. 1. 42-43; Smith D. of 
A. s.v. lgniaria). The broken 
glass vessels taken in exchange 
would be repaired with sulphur 
and sold again; cf. 12. 57. 14; 
10. 3. 2-4 foeda linguae probra 
circulatricis, quae sulphurato nolit 
empta ramento Vatiniorum prox- 
eneta fractorum; luv. 5. 47-48 
(cadicem) quassatum et rupto po- 
scentem sulpura vitro (cf. the scho- 
liast there: solent sulpure calices 
fractos sive calvariolas conponere); 
Stat. Silv. 1. 6. 73-74. On the use 
of sulphur as an ingredient in 
cement see Plin. N. H. 36. 199; 
Ency. Brit. 22. 635. — pallentia : 
the Romans, being dark complex- 
ioned, turned sallow rather than 
pale ; hence 2aZens, pallidus often 
= ‘yellow’. — fractis . . . vitreis: 
proverbial for anything worthkess 
or of small value (cf. Petr. 10); 
here, perhaps, trumpery in general, 
not merely glass.. For the const. 
see A. 417, b; GL. 404, N. 1; 
L. 1389. See also on 9. 22. 11-12. 
— otiosae ...coronae: corona is 
often used of a crowd of people, 
e.g. in the streets, the theater, the 
circus, or the camp; o/osae points 
to a crowd of idlers on the streets, 
or to people at some spectacle. 
When refreshments were not 
served at the Zug; by the editor, 


22 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 41. 7 


quod custos dominusque viperarum, 
quod viles pueri salariorum, 
quod fumantia qui tomacla raucus 


» 10 


circumfert tepidis cocus popinis, 


quod non optimus urbicus poeta, 


peddlers might bein demand there. 
Cf. 2. 86. 11, cited on 11; Hor. Ep. 
I. 18. 53 sczs quo clamore coronae 
proelia sustineas campestria; Ov. 
M. 13. 1-2 consedere duces et vulgi 
stante corona surgit ad hos... Aiax. 
— madidum cicer: boiled pease, 
or some kind of pea-soup sold hot, 
common food of the poor; cf. 
I.I103. I0; 5. 78. 21; Hor. S. 1. 6. 
II4-II5 inde domum me ad porri 
et ciceris vefero laganique catinum. 
Pease were also sold parched or 
roasted; cf. Hor. A. P. 249. Sin- 
gulars like cicer are often used 
in collective sense; cf. examples 
above; Hor. C. 1. 4. 10 fore terrae 
quem ferunt solutae. See App. 

7. ‘Caecilius is a loathsome 
fakir (cércudator), a charmer of 
venomous serpents’. Such fakirs 
were Orientals or came from the 
country districts of Italy, esp. 
from the mountainous districts 
east of Rome. The ancient crowds 
were very like the modern in their 
appreciation of fakirs, jugglers, 
rope-dancers, sword-eaters, etc.: 
cf. Ap. M. 1. 4. Athenis. . . ante 
Poecilen — porticum  circulatorem 
aspexi equestrem spatham prae- 
acutam mucrone infesto devorasse 
ac mox eundem invitamento exiguae 
stipis venatoriam lanceam...in 
ima viscera condidisse. See also 
the Prologues to the Hecyra of 
Terence. 

8. pueri = servz. — salario- 
rum: dealers in salt or in salt fish ; 
cf. 4. 86. 9. In C.LL.6. 1152 we 
have mention of a corpus salari- 
orum, though at a much later 


D 


time. See Marq. 469, N. 3. Salarius 
may be from the sermo plebeius; 
see Cooper 73 (§ 18); cf. Zeiciarzus, 
4. 64. 22; locarzus, 5. 24. 9. 

9. fumantia ... tomacla, 
steaming sausages. The contracted 
form ¢omaclum represents the, 
street cry. — raucus, doarse, from 
crying his wares ; cf. Sen. Ep. 56.2 
omnes popinarum institores, mer- 
cem sua quadam et insignita mo- 
dulatione vendentes. Raucus cir- 
cumfert involves juxtaposition of 
effect and cause. 

1o. circumfert... popinis: 
that the fopimae were not sim- 
ply drinking-places is very clear 
from Plaut. Poen. 835 Abitur, estur 
quasi im popina; luv. 11. 81 qui 
meminit calidae sapiat. quid vulva 
popinae. They were frequented 
by the lowest classes, and were 
mean and filthy; cf. 7. 61. 8 nigra 
popina; Tuv. 8. 171-176; Hor. S. 
2.4.62 immundis...popinis; Ep. 
I. I4. 21 uncta Popina. The law at 
one time forbade keepers of 2o- 
pinae to serve cooked meat to 
wine drinkers, but they were hard 
to regulate. — popinis is prob. a 
dat. of interest, ‘for the use of’, etc., 
or a dat. of limit of motion, the 
const. so common in Vergil. 

II, non... poeta: a common- 
place poet whose reputation is con- 
fined to the town; prob. a street- 
singer who, after the manner of 
southern Europe, dealt in improv- 
isations, and would make noise 
enough to gather a crowd; cf. 2. 86. 
II scribat carmina circulis Palae- 
mon, me raris iuvat auribus placere. 


I. 4I. 20] 


. 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 23 


12 quod de Gadibus improbus magister. 
14 Quare desine iam tibi videri 
15 quod soli tibi, Caecili, videris, 
qui Gabbam salibus tuis et ipsum 
posses vincere Tettium Caballum. 
Non cuicumque datum est habere nasum: 
ludit qui stolida procacitate 
zo non est Tettius ille, sed caballus. 


12. magister: the owner of the 
Gaditanae; see 1. 61. 9; 5. 78. 26 
de Gadibus inprobis puellae; Tuv. 
II. 162; Stat. Silv. 1. 6. 71. 

14. iam, at Jas! ; prop. ‘by this 
time’; /azdem is similarly used to 
give a tone of urgent appeal. — 
videri: emphasized by the repe- 
tition in videris, 15. 

16-17. qui...posses:weshould 
say, ‘a man competent to surpass’. 
— Gabbam: a court fool of Au- 
gustus; cf. 10.101. 1-4 Elysio redeat 
si forte remissus ab agro ille suo 
felix. Caesare Gabba vetus, qui 
Capitolinum | pariter Gabbamque 
Zocantes audierit, diet “Rustice 
Gabba, tace" ; Fried. SG. r. 152. — 
salibus, wetticisms, = dictis; cf. 3. 
99. 3: 3. 20. 9 Lepore tinctos Attico 
sales narrat , Hor. A. P. 270-271; 
luv. 9. 10-11 conviva ioco mordente 
facetus et salibus vehemens intra 
pomeria natis. Cf. ‘Attic Salt’. 
— posses: for the mood and the 
tense see A. 516, f; GL. 596, 2; 
L. 2089. Our translation of this 
const. is misleading; here we 
should say, ‘competent to sur- 
pass (had you lived in their day)’. 
Whenever a const. which, when 
the reference is to the future, 
remote or near, requires the pres. 
subj. is applied to the past, the 
pres. subj. is regularly changed to 
the impf. subj., e.g. in deliberative 
questions (cf. gzzd facerem ? with 


quid faciam ?) and the potential 
subj. (cf. laud facile discerneres 
with hand facile discernas). — 
Tettium Caballum: unknown to 
us, though M. thinks of him as 
a greater scurra than Gabba (note 
ipsum). Caballus may have been 
a nickname. 

18. * Power of proper apprecia- 
tion is rare (you certainly lack it)’. 
Cf. r. 3. 6. — cuicumque = eziis, 
cuilibet; see on ubicumque, 1. 2. 1. 
— datum est habere : cf. Prop. 
3.1. 14 non datur ad Musas cur- 
rere lata via. 

19. ludit, pokes fun at, makes 
game of (others); cf. 3. 99. 3. — 
stolida procacitate denotes stu- 
pid impudence, boldness meet 
only for a fool; cf. z. 41. 17; Tac. 
Hist. 3. 62 zatus erat Valens Ana- 
gniae equestri familia, procax mori- 
bus neque absurdus ingenio, mi 
famam urbanitatis per lasciviam 
peteret, 

20. caballus = xaBdddns, nag, 
pack-horse, cob ; cf. Petr. 134 debilis, 
lassus, tamquam caballus in clivo. 
The word is sometimes used iron- 
ically or jestingly for a nobler 
animal; Iuv. 3. 118 applies it to 
Pegasus. Here caéa//us is a play 
on Caéa//um, 17. The thought is 
* You are but a reflection of Tet- 
tius's worse half, of the four-footed 
rather than of the two-legged 
caballus’. 


24 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[t. 42. 1 


42 

Coniugis audisset fatum cum Porcia Bruti 
et subtracta sibi quaereret arma dolor, 

* Nondum scitis " ait * mortem non posse negari ? 
credideram fatis hoc docuisse patrem " 


Dixit et ardentis avido bibit ore favillas. 


* [ nunc et ferrum, turba molesta, nega ". 


43 


Bis tibi triceni fuimus, Mancine, vocati 
et positum est nobis nil here praeter aprum, 


42. Asomewhat rhetorical glo- 
rification of the suicide of Porcia, 
wife of M. Iunius Brutus, the 
tyrannicide. Fried. thinks the epi- 
gram was prompted by some work 
of art representing the event. Cf. 
I. 13. Introd. Cf.Val. Max. 4. 6. 5 
quae (Porcia), cum apud Philippos 
victum et interemptum virum tuum 
Brutum cognosses, quia ferrum non 
dabatur, ardentes ore carbones hau- 
rire non dubitasti, muliebri spiritu 
virilem patris exitum imitata. The 
ardentes carbones are prob. an in- 
vention of the Republicans; it is 
more likely that she inhaled the 
fumes of burning charcoal Cf., 
however, Shakespeare, Jul. Caes. 
4. 3 " With this she fell distract, 
And, her attendants absent, swal- 
low'd fire". — Meter: $ 48. 

1. fatum: M. often uses this 
word as equivalent to mors. 

2. subtracta: cf. Val Max, 
cited in Introd. — sibi: join with 
subtracta; it refers to Porcia, the 
main subject of discourse. In 
prose this vs. would run e sad- 
tracta arma quaereret dolens. 

3. negari: ie. every one has 
the right and the ability to destroy 
himself. 

4. "I thought my father amply 
had imprest This simple truth 


upon each Roman breast" (Lamb). 
— fatis = morte sua; cf. note on 1. 
Cato Uticensis, father of Porcia, 
committed suicide at Utica, near 
Carthage, after the battle of Thap- 
sus in 46 B.c., rather than survive 
Caesar's triumph; cf. r. 78. 9; 
Plut. Cato Min. ; Sen. Ep. 24. 6 ff. 

5. avido bibit ore : she drinks 
as if it were a refreshing draught. 
The juxtaposition of ardentis and 
avido is most effective. 

6. I nunc...nega: Porcia’s 
last words. 7 zuzc et + an imv. 
commonly has derisive sense; cf. 
Lib. Spect. 23.6 Z une et lentas 
corripe, turba, moras; 8. 63. 3 
i nunc et dubia vates am diligat 
ipsos; Lease A. J. P. 19.59. See 
also on z, fuge, I. 3. 12. —ferrum 
=ensem. 

43. An official dinner (cf. 1. 20. 
Introd. ; Iuv. 5), at which M. was 


one of the guests (!). — Meter: § 48. 


1. Bis... triceni... vocati: cf. 
turba spectante vocata, 1. 20. Y N. 
— triceni : often used indefinitely 
of a large host (so sescenti, mille) ; 
cf. 11. 35. 1; 11. 65. 1 sescenti ce- 
nant a te, Justine, vocati ; Hor. C. 
3. 4. 79-80 amatorem trecentae 
Pirithoum cohibent catenae. 

2. positum est: 7ozere often 
= ‘serve up at table’; cf. 3. 60. 8; 


I. 43. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 25 


non quae de tardis servantur vitibus uvae 
dulcibus aut certant quae melimela favis, 
s non pira quae longa pendent religata genesta 
aut imitata brevis Punica grana rosas, 
rustica lactantis nec misit Sassina metas 
nec de Picenis venit oliva cadis : 


7. 79. 4; Hor. S. 2. 2. 23 fosito 
favone. —nil...praeteraprum: 
a boar might be the 7zece de résis- 
tance of a cena, but it could not of 
itself make even a decent country 
dinner; much less would it suffice 
by itself where city style was pre- 
sumed. For boars served whole 
cf. Plin. N. H. 8. 210; Iuv. 1. 140- 
I41; Petr. 49.— here : mostly post- 
Augustan for herz; see Quint. 
I. 4. 7. 

3-8. The delicacies mentioned 
might have been expected at the 
mensae secundae, some of them 
even during the promulsis (gustus, 
gustatio). But here there was no 
promutsis at all. See Beck. 3. 325 
ff.; Marq. 323 ff. 

3. non: sc. positae sunt.— 
uvae : here not raisins, but grapes 
that ripened on the vines afterthe 
regular vintage. They were much 
prized, as dainties out of season; 
Cf. 3. 58. 8-9; Iuv. 11. 71-72 (at 
a cena) et servatae parte anni, 
quales fuerant in vitibus, uvae (the 
Scholiast explains as = «vae quas 
suspensas servavimus). 

4. certant : ie. in sweetness. 
— melimela, honey apples, sweet 
apples, pedyndra; cf. Plin. N. H. 
15.51 mustea (mala)... quae nunc 
melimela dicuntur a sapore melleo; 
Varr. R. R. 1. 59. 1 (mala) quae 
antea mustea vocabant, nunc mel- 
mela appellant. But Hehn, 242, 
thinks of a quince jam or mar- 
malade.— favis: ie. when filled 
with honey; for the poetical dat. 
see A. 413, b, N. ; GL. 346, N. 6; 


L. 1186. The juxtaposition me/s- 
mela favis helps syntax and sense. 
5. pira...genesta: broom- 
plant was made into cords by 
which pears picked before matu- 
rity were suspended for slow ripen- 
ing; such pears become very juicy. 
6. imitata: freely, *that resem- 
ble’. — brevis...rosas: drevis is 
a stock epithet of rosa (see e.g. 
Hor. C. 2. 3. 13-14); hence érevis 
here is not to be referred at all to 
Punica grana, though Plin. N. H. 
16. 241 says: brevissima vita est 
Punicis (cf. 17. 95 cito occidunt. . . 
ficus, Punica, prunus, etc.). — Pu- 
nica grana -— Punica mala, pome- 
granates. The red pulp inclosing 
the seeds was the part of the fruit 
most esteemed; this pulp has a 
pleasant acid taste. Served in 
slices it would more or less re- 
semble small roses. Cf. 7. 20. 10 
Punicorum pauca grana malorum 
Petr. 31 Syriaca pruna cum granis 
Punici mali; Ov. Pont. 4. 15. 7-8. 
7. rustica . . . Sassina: the 
Apennine mountain pastures about 
Sassina (Sarsina) were famous for 
sheep and cheese; cf. Plin. N. H. 
11.241; Sil.8. 461-462. Sarsina was 
the birthplace of Plautus.—lactan- 
tis... metas: small cone-shaped 
cheeses; cf. 3. 58. 35. — nec: for 
position see on Lib. Spect. r. 2. 
8. «Picenum, though famous 
for olives (cf. 11. 52. 11; 5. 78. 
19-20), did not produce a single 
specimen for that dinner!’ Olives 
were shipped in bottles, jars (cad?), 
or osier baskets (7. 53- 5)- 


26 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1.43.9 


nudus aper, sed et hic minimus qualisque necari 


IO 


a non armato pumilione potest. 


Et nihil inde datum est; tantum spectavimus omnes: 
ponere aprum nobis sic et harena solet. 

Ponatur tibi nullus aper post talia facta, 
sed tu ponaris cui Charidemus apro. 


47 


Nuper érat medicus, nunc est vispillo Diaulus : 
quod vispillo facit, fecerat et medicus. 


9. nudus, mere, only; the boar 
was served alone, without the ac- 
companiments requisite to a proper 
dinner.—sed et: sed and sed et 
are used, chiefly in Silver Latin, 
where we should say ‘and that 
too’, ‘aye, and’, i.e. they seem to 
us to have lost their adversative 
force; cf. 1. 117.7 scalis habito 
tribus sed altis; 2. 41.7; 6.70. 5; 
7.54. 3; 12. 18. 22; Luv. 5. 147 (fo- 
netur) boletus domino, sed quales 
Claudius edit. 'The adversative 
force is, however, commonly dis- 
coverable. The idiom arises by 
condensation from the familiar 
non modo sed etiam phrases. For 
sed et hic Cicero would prob. have 
said zt zs guidem. Et = etiam often 
enough, in poetry, Livy, etc. 

ir. Et = e lamen. —nihil... 
datum est: cf. 3.12. I-2 zzguen- 
tum, fateor, bonum. dedisti convivis 
here, sed nihil scidisti. — tantum 
spectavimus: it was a sfecta- 
culum, not a cena; cf. turba. spec- 
tantevocata, Y. 20. 1 N. Far different 
was the old-fashioned frugality ; 
cf. Hor. S. 2. 2. 89-92. rancidum 
aprum antiqui laudabant, non quia 
nasus ids nullus erat, sed, credo, 
hac mente, quod hospes tardius ad- 
veniens vitiatum commodius quam 
integrum edax dominus consumeret. 


12. ponere : there is a play on 
the meaning in 2, 13. — Sic : it is 
as easy to eat the boar in the one 
case as in the other. — et = etamz, 
ipsa, too; See on 9. 

14. ponaris: further play on 
ponere. ' May no boar be served 
to you, but may you be served to 
the boar’, etc. Cf. 2.14.18; 1.20.4. 
— cui Charidemus (fosztus est): 
Charidemus’s death in the arena 
had prob. involved the enacting 
of some mythological or (quasi-) 
historical scene; cf. 8. 30; 10.25; 
Lib. Spect. 7. For such horrid dis- 
plays the Romans had a morbid 
passion. — apro: neatly placed to 
go with both clauses of the verse. 

47. ‘Diaulus, the quack (1.30), 
has found his proper level; he has 
turned corpse-carrier. He has 
changed his trade, but not his oc- 
cupation, for he still puts people 
underground’. For denunciations 
of medical charletans cf. 6. 53; 8. 
74 Hoplomachus nunc es, fueras 
ophthalmicus ante ; fecisti medicus 
quod facis hoplomachus; luv. 1o. 
221. See Marq. 779; Fried. SG. 
I. 339. — Meter: § 48. 

1-2. vispillo: derivatives in 
-0, -onis, Were common in archaic 
Latin, but “were largely aban- 
doned to the sermo plebeius. Here 


I. 53. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


53 


27 


Una est in nostris tua, Fidentine, libellis 
pagina, sed certa domini signata figura, 
quae tua traducit manifesto carmina furto. 
Sic interpositus villo contaminat uncto 


urbica Lingonicus Tyrianthina bardocucullus, 


sic Arretinae violant crystallina testae, 


they survivedand flourished, chiefly 
as comic or vulgar expressions 
of abuse" (Cooper 54 ff.).— et, 
also; cf. 1. 43. 9 N. 

53. Cf. closely 1.29; r. 38. 
1. 52is kindred in theme.— Meter: 
$47. 

I, est...tua: ‘You wrote one 
page to enable you to publish 
something as your own'. Cf.2.20; 
IO. 100.1 qid, stulte, nostris verst- 
bus tuos misces? Note juxtaposi- 
tion in zostris tua. 

2. certa... figura: ‘that page 
is as surely yours as if it were ac- 
tually stamped with your portrait’. 
For portraits of authors in books 
see I4. 186. Introd. — certa, uz zis- 
takable.— domini: contemptuous ; 
Fidentinus is owner, not author, of 
the book. 

3. traducit, exposes to ridicule; 
cf. 6. 77. 5-6 rideris multoque magis 
traduceris, Afer, quam nudus medio 
si spatiere foro; luv.8.17. Cf. 
Eng. ‘traduce’. This sense, com- 
mon in Silver Latin, is perhaps 
derived from the public exposure 
of condemned criminals, or from 
the parading of prisoners in tri- 
umphs, — manifesto ... furto: 
instr. abl.; we should say, more 
fully, ‘by convicting you of’, etc. 

4 ff. ‘Your page is as incon- 
gruous in my book as a greasy 
weather garment over  Tyrian 
purple (5), or earthenware on a 
table beside the rarest vessels (6), 


or a raven among swans (7-8), 
or a magpie among nightingales 
(9-10). 

4-5. Sic... bardocucullus: 
the cucullus was a hood which 
could be attached to the 2aezu/a 
(1. 103. 5-6 N.) or the Zacerza, to 
be drawn over the head in bad 
weather, or to conceal the face ; cf. 
5.14.6; 10.76. 8-9; Blümner 137 ff. 
The éardocucullus, prob. made of 
wool with the nap (zZ/us) uncut, 
was cheap and of foreign origin. — 
villo . .. uncto: see App. The 
shaggy nap of an outer garment 
would soon become soiled; per- 
haps, however, the ezez//us was 
oiled to help it shed rain. — Lin- 
gonicus: ie. made among the 
Lingones, a people of Gaul; cf. 
14. 128. 1 Gallia Santonico vestit 
te bardocucullo; Luv. 8. 145. — Ty- 
rianthina: an adj. used as noun; 
cf. rupidvO@cvos. The reference is to 
purple (crimson) and violet-hued 
garments of a peculiar shade which 
resulted from dipping the cloth first 
in the violet ((av6os), then in the 
Tyrian purple; see Beck. 3. 298 ff. ; 
Fried. SG. 3. 72. — bardocucullus: 
see above. Perhaps the term was 
applied at times to the whole out- 
door garment as worn by the work- 
ing classes, esp. in the country 
(contrast urbica, 5); see Beck. 
3. 223. 

6. Arretinae ... testae: Ar- 
retium in Etruria was famous for 


28 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1.53.7 


sic niger in ripis errat cum forte Caystri 

inter Ledaeos ridetur corvus olores, 

sic ubi multisona fervet sacer Atthide lucus, 
10 inproba Cecropias offendit pica querelas. 

Indice non opus est nostris nec iudice libris : 

stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina “Fur es " 


red-glazed pottery; cf. 14. 98. r 
Arretina nimis ne spernas vasa 
monemus, Plim. N. H. 35. 160; 
Beck. 2. 371-372.— violant, spoz/ 
the beauty of; cf. 10. 66. 3; Iuv. 
3. 19-20 viridi si margine clude- 
ret undas herba nec ingenuum viola- 
rent ntarmora tofum.—crystallina 
(vasa): vessels of pure white, trans- 
parent glass, or of rock crystal ; cf. 
8. 77. 5 candida nigrescant vetulo 
crystalla Falerno; Sen. Ben. 7.9. 3 
video istic crystallina quorum ac- 
cenadit fragilitas pretium; Beck. 
2. 382. 

7-8. The Roman poets imitated 
Homer (Il. z. 461) in praising the 
birds (geese or swans) that gath- 
ered about the Caystros, a river 
which flows into the sea at Ephe- 
sus; cf. e.g. Verg. G. 1.383 ff. 
Hence Caystrius ales = cycnus, 
olor.— forte: the corvus is an 
intruder. — Ledaeos ... olores: 
cler is poetical for cycnus; Ledaeos 
alludes to' the myth which repre- 
sents Jupiter as visiting Leda 
under the guise of a swan. — cor- 
vus, subject of both clauses in 
7-8, is postponed to make an ef- 
fective juxtaposition of contrasts. 
In Latin poetry in general, how- 
ever, the joint subject of two 
clauses often stands in the second 
clause. 

9. multisona: the variety of 
the nightingale's tone is well 
known. — fervet: cf. 2. 64. 7 fora 
litibus omnia fervent. — Atthide 
— luscinia (metonymy). Ais, 


prop. an Athenian woman, here 
denotes Philomela, daughter of 
Pandion (1. 25. 3 N.), who was 
changed into a nightingale; see 
the classical dictionaries, s.v. Z*- 
reus. 

1o. inproba... pica: cf. Verg. 
G. 1. 388 tum cornix plena pluviam 
vocat improba voce; 1. Y19 improbus 
anser. Improbus is freely used of 
persons and things that transcend 
due bounds. — Cecropias: see on 
1.25. 3. — querelas: ie. of Philo- 
mela for her own fate and that of 
Itys. 

ir. ‘There is but one Martial 
in Rome and his literary individu- 
ality is well known'.— Indice, 
title. The title of a papyrus roll 
was inscribed on a narrow strip of 
parchment, which was attached to 
the upper edge (/zozs: see on 
1. 66. 10) of the roll; see Birt, 
Buchrolle, 237-239; 247, Abb. 159. 
Cf. 3. 2. 11. — nostris . . . libris: 
in sharp contrast to /za pagina, 12. 
— nec iudice: ‘nor do I have to 
go to court to prove my claim’. 

12. Stat contra: 'that page 
stands between you and escape’. 
Cf. Iuv. 3. 290 (the street bully-at 
night) stat contra starigue iubet; 
Pers. 5. 96 stat contra ratio et 
secrelam garrit in aurem. —tibi, 
(even) to yourself, as to all the 
world besides. — Fur es: for the 
meter see $ 47, d. 

61. An expression of M.’s love 
for his native Spain; see §§ 1; 14. 
‘You, Licinianus, and I shall make 


1, 6r. 5] 


61 


EPIGRAMMAT 


A SELECTA 29 


Verona docti syllabas amat vatis, 
Marone felix Mantua est, 
censetur Aponi Livio suo tellus 
Stellaque nec Flacco minus, 
s Apollodoro plaudit imbrifer Nilus, 


Bilbilis as famous in literary his- 
tory as is Verona, or Mantua, or 
Corduba'. It is significant that 
he does not include Rome; see 
$ 1. — Meter: §§ 52; 51. 

1. Verona... vatis: Catullus 
was born at Verona about 87 B.c. 
Cf. 14. 195. 1-2; Ov. Am. 3. 15. 7-8 
Mantua Vergilio gaudet, Verona 
Catullo; Paelignae dicar gloria 
gentis ego. For other references to 
Catullus see e.g. 4. 14. 13; 6. 34. 7; 
§ 34. — docti: a standing epithet 
of poets in general (see on I. 25. 2) 
and of Catullus in particular; here 
it is given to him, probably, because 
he made fashionable at Rome the 
hendecasyllabic meter (sy//adas); 
cf. 7.99. 7; 8. 73. 8; Ov. Am. 3.9.62 
docte Catulle. See Ellis, Commen- 
tary on Catullus, XXVI ff. — 
vatis: Catullus is more than a 
mere versifier; he is a truly in- 
spired poet. See Munro and Mer- 
rill on Lucr. 1. 102. 

2. Marone: P. Vergilius Maro. 
For M. and Vergil see $ 33; cf. also. 
14. 195, with notes; 14. 186, with 
notes; 4. 14. 14; 11. 48; 1.107. 3-4; 
8. 55; 12. 3. 1; 7.63. 5-6. Mantua 
did indeed owe its fame to the fact 
that Vergil was born in a neighbor- 
ing pagus (Andes). 

3-4. ‘Men measure the fame of 
Patavium by that of Livy, of Stella, 
of Flaccus. — censetur = /azda- 
tur, is considered worthy of mention 
and esteem; cf. 8.6.9; 9. 16. 5 felix, 
quae tali censetur munere tellus; 
Iust. 9. 2. 9 Scythas virtute animi 


et duritia corporis, non opibus cen- 
seri; luv. 8. 2, and elsewhere in 
Silver Latin. Strictly, the word 
means ‘to be rated’, and the abl. 
used with it is one of price or value. 
— Aponi . . . tellus: cf. 6. 42. 4. 
The medicinal hot spring Aponus 
or Aponi Fons (Aquae Patavinae) 
was not exactly at Patavium (mod- 
em Padua), as Vergil and Statius 
picture it, but six miles distant. 
See App.— Livio: the famous 
historian, T. Livius; see 14. 190. 
For the syntax see above, on cez- 
setur; the abl might also be re- 
garded as causal; see then Lib. 
Spect.1. 3 N.— Stella: L. Arruntius 
Stella (§ 17), esteemed by M. as pa- 
tron, friend, and poet; cf. 1. 7; 
5. 59. 2 Stella diserte; 12. 2. 11 
Stella facundus. He was a friend 
of Statius also, who dedicates to 
him Book I of the Silvae. He was 
born at Naples; he celebrated with 
Zudi the conclusion of Domitian’s 
Sarmatian War and was consul in 
101.— Flacco: unknown, if we 


agree with the later editors that. 


he is not Valerius Flaccus, author 
of the Argonautica. The phrase 
Antenorei spes et alumne laris, used 
of him in r. 76. 2, suggests that at 
Patavium he was honored as a 
man of ability. : 

5. Apollodoro: Fried. thinks 
this Apollodorus may have been an 
Alexandrian who came to Rome 
to enter the contest in Greek 
poetry or eloquence at the Agon 
Capitolinus of 86; see Fried. SG. 


30 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 61. 6 


Nasone Paeligni sonant, 
duosque Senecas unicumque Lucanum 
facunda loquitur Corduba, 
gaudent iocosae Canio suo Gades, 
10 Emerita Deciano meo: 
te, Liciniane, gloriabitur nostra 
nec me tacebit Bilbilis. 


2. 630 ff.; 3. 425. Others think of 
a Greek comic poet of Carystus 
in Euboea, contemporary with Me- 
nander (see on 14. 187). If this 
view is right, M. has erred about 
Apollodorus's birthplace (see on 
8. 18. 5). —imbrifer Nilus refers 
to the annual overflow of the Nile. 

6. Nasone = Nasozis nomine. 
P. Ovidius Naso, the poet, was born 
at Sulmo in the Ager Paelignus; 
cf. 2. 41. 2; 8. 73. 9; 3. 38.10; § 33. 
— sonant = resonant. 

7. duos . . . Senecas: see 
$8 1; 9; 16. — unicum, zzigue, 
peerless, M. ranks Lucan high 
(7. 21), despite the difference of 
opinion that obtained concerning 
him; cf. 14. 194; Quint. 10. 1. 90; 
Stat. Silv. 2. 7; Tac. D. 20. 6. — 
Lucanum: M. Annaeus Lucanus 
(39-65), author of the Pharsalia; 
see $8 1; 16. Lucan was a son of 
Annaeus Mela, brother of the 
younger Seneca. For the syntax 
see on loguztur, 8. 

8. facunda, e/oguent, in the writ- 
ings and the speeches of famous 
men whose birthplace it was. The 
word is used primarily of orators 
and lawyers, but often too of poets. 
—loquitur = ce/ebrat. For this 
trans. use of doguor, ‘speak of’, 
cf. 8. 55. 21; 9. 3. I1 quid loguar 
Alciden Phoebumque. So dico in 
poetry; cf. e.g. Hor. C. 3. 30. 10-14 
dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus, 
etc. The const. with Zegzor occurs 


once only in Cicero's speeches and 
once only in his philosophical 
works; Jegui de is the ordinary 
use. — Corduba: cf. 9. 61. 1-2.— 
For meter here and in 10 see § 51. 

9. gaudent . . . Gades: to 
Cadiz the fashionable world went 
for dancing girls (cf. 1. 41. 12 N.) 
and voluptuous songs (Gadztana, 
3. 63. 5). — Canio: Canius Rufus 
wrote poetry of the lighter sort; 
he distinguished himself as time- 
killer and giggler (3. 20; 8 17). 

10. Emerita = Emerita Au- 
gusta (modern Merida), a great 
city of Lusitanian Spain whose ex- 
tensive remains have won for it 
the title of ‘the Rome of Spain '. — 
Deciano: Decianus was a Stoic, 
*who, however, knew how to 
couple his philosophy with cau- 
tion” (Teuffel § 329). M. ad- 
dressed Book II to him; cf. 2. 5. 

i1-12. Liciniane: when Li- 
cinianus set out for Spain, M. 
addressed to him 1. 49. Cf. there 
Iff. vir Celtiberis non tacende 
gentibus nostraeque laus Hispaniae, 
videbis altam, Liciniane, Bilbilin, 
—nostra... Bilbilis: cf. 10. 103. 
4-6 (addressed to his fellow- 
townsmen) za decus et nomen 
famaque vestra sumus nec sua plus 
debet tenui Veroga Catullo meque 
velit dici non minus (quam Catul- 
lum) illa suum. For Bilbilis see 
§ 2.—nec me tacebit: cf. zon 
tacende, 1. 49. 1, cited on 11. M.'s 


1. 66. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 3i 


Erras, meorum fur avare librorum, 

fieri poetam posse qui putas tanti 

Scriptura quanti constet et tomus vilis : 

non sex paratur aut decem sophos nummis. 
s Secreta quaere carmina et rudes curas, 

quas novit unus scrinioque signatas 

custodit ipse virginis pater chartae, 


modest claim is made more beau- 
tiful by contrast with the stronger 
terms used by him of the other 
persons mentioned. 11-12 are of 
great value in helping to fix the 
interpretation of Hor. C. 3. 3o. 
IO-14; on those vss. see Knapp 
Proc. Amer. Phil. Ass. 25 (1894), 
pp. xxvii-xxx, and Class. Rev. 17. 
156-158. 

66. M. humorously offers to 
sell to a plagiarist of his poems 
(perhaps the offender of 1. 29; 
1. 38; 1. 53) an unpublished poem 
and guarantees silence about the 
transaction. On books and their 
publication see Birt, passim; Marq. 
799 ff.; Beck. 2. 425 ff.; Lanciani 
Anc. R. 183 ff. — Meter: § 52. 

3. scriptura, cogyzng, labor of 
copying.— tomus: prop. a cut, 
cutting, piece (cf. róuos), e.g. of 
papyrus; then a roll of papyrus in 
its unwritten state; finally a com- 
pleted volume, scro/; cf. Eng. 
‘tome’. Cf. M. Aurel. ap. Front. 
Ep. 2. 10 fecz . . . excerpta ex libris 
sexaginta in quinque tomis, Beck. 
2.440. The outlay for paper and 
for copying is after all the smallest 
part of the cost of a book. 

4. Sex... nummis: zummus 
commonly = xummus  sestertius, 
sesterce. M. is speaking here only 
of Book I (Fried.). According to 
13. 3.3 that book could be bought 


for two sesterces. In 1.117. 17 
there is reference to a more costly 
edition. Birt, 209, thinks the pa- 
pyrus here cost six sesterces, the'* 
copying ten. On the cost of books 
at Rome see Fried. SG. 3. 417 ff.; 
Birt 82 ff. — sophos: see 1. 3.7 N. 

5-6. * Look for somebody who 
has unfinished poems under lock 
and key and bargain for some of 
them". —rudes: the author may 
be more willing to part with poems 
to which he has not put the finish- 
ing touches. In 7.95.8 rudis is 
used of a girl too young fora lover; 
cf. virginis .. chartae, 7. — curas: 
cf. r. 25. 6. — unus: i.e. one only; 
explained by z2se .. . chartae, 7. — 
scrinio: see I. 2.4 N. — signatas: 
store chambers, chests, etc., were 
often sealed up. M. has his eye 
on Horace’s words to his book, 
Ep. 1. 20. 3 odisti clavis et grata 
sigilla pudico; see on 7 and on 1.2 
passim. 

7. custodit . . . chartae: the 
author of the still unpublished 
work watches it with care akin to 
that exercised by a father over his 
virgin daughter. — virginis: used 
adjectively; cf. Eng. ‘virgin soil’; 
anus in 1. 39. 2 (amicos) quales 
prisca fides famaque novit anus. — 
chartae: often used of anything 
written on papyrus, here of a poem; 
cf. 1. 25. 7-8 N.; IO. 20. 17. 


32 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


(1. 66. 8 


quae trita duro non inhorruit mento: 
mutare dominum non potest liber notus. 
io Sed pumicata fronte si quis est nondum 
nec umbilicis cultus atque membrana, 
mercare: tales habeo, nec sciet quisquam. 
Aliena quisquis recitat et petit famam 
non emere librum, sed silentium debet. 


8. quae... mento: the allu- 
sion is twofold: (1) to a virgin 
who has never been affrighted by 
contact with a man's face; (2) to 
the fresh papyrus, unsoiled by use. 
One who, after reading, sought to 
roll up a scroll held one end of it 
taut under his chin, while with his 
hands he rolled up tbe rest; cf. 
10. 93. 5-6 ut rosa delectat metitur 
quae pollice primo, sic nova mec 
mento sordida charta iuvat; Birt, 
Buchrolle, 116-118. 

9. mutare dominum: cf. 1. 52. 
6-7 et, cum se dominum vocabit ille, 
dicas esse meos manuque missos. — 
notus: contrast secreta .. . car- 
mina, S. 

zo-11. ‘If you can find a book 
that has not been published, buy 
that’.— pumicata fronte:- the 
ends (/zontes) of the scroll were 
carefully cut and then rubbed 
smooth with pumice-stone; cf. 1. 
117. 16; 3. 2. 8; 8. 72. 1-2 men- 
dum murice cultus asberoque morsu 
pumicis aridi politus; Ov. Tr. 1. 
I. II nec fragili geminae poliantur 
pumice frontes; 3.1.13 quod neque 
sum cedro flavus nec pumice levis; 
Hor. Ep. 1. 20. 2 (Aber) pumice 
mundus; Catull. 1. 2; 22. 8;. Tib. 
3. 1. 9-12; Beck. 2. 437; Birt, Buch- 
rolle, 236. — umbilicis: according 
to the view commonly held the pl. 
umbiliei denoted the projecting 
ends or knobs, colored or gilded, 
attached to the cylinder (um 


cus) to which the right end of the 
scroll was attached and on which 
the scroll was rolled; cf. 8. 61. 4-5 
nec umbilicis quod decorus et cedro 
spargor per omnes Roma quas tenet 
gentes; 3. 2. 9; 4. 89. 1-2 “belle, 
zam pervenimus usque ad umbilicos ; 
II. I07. 1-2 exglicitum nobis usque 
ad sua cornua librum ... refers; 
Beck. 2. 436. But Birt, Buchrolle, 
228-235, holds that the zmdilicus 
was not fastened to the roll and 
that it did not project beyond the 
frontes; it was merely inserted in 
the roll and was removable at will. 
When one unwound a scroll as he 
read, he could shift the wadilicus 
to form a center for the part read 
as he wound this up loosely. The 
use of two wmbilici began in Domi- 
tian’s time. Before the reading 
began both were within the roll; 
as the reading progressed one was 
allowed to remain in the roll, the 
other was inserted in the part read. 
—membrana, parchment; this 
was tougher than papyrus and was 
used as a cover for the papyrus 
volume. It was generally highly 
colored (purple or yellow); cf.8.72. 
I murice cultus; 1.317. 16; 3. 2. 105 
Catull. 22. 7 rubra membrana. 

12. mercare: cf. I. 29. 4; 2. 20. 

14. silentium: cf. Introd. 

79. The early moming call 
(salutatio) was one of the most 
onerous forms of the officium ex- 
acted from the clients by the patron. 


I. 70. 5] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


79 


33 


Vade salutatum pro me, liber: ire iuberis 
ad Proculi nitidos, officiose, lares. 

Quaeris iter? dicam. Vicinum Castora canae 
transibis Vestae virgineamque domum ; 


5 


It is the subject of frequent and 
bitter complaint by M. and his con- 
temporaries; see 5. 22; 9. 100; 10.74; 
12.29; luv. 3. 239ff.; 5. 19 ff.; 5.76ff.; 
Fried. SG. 1. 382 ff.; 1. 403 ff.; 
' Beck. 2. 194 ff. Here M. sends a 
book in his stead, and in excusing 
his past neglect delicately compli- 
ments Proculus. The identity of 
Proculus is uncertain; see Hüb- 
ner on C.LL. 2. 2349. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Vade salutatum: sc. Pro- 
cudum ; cf. Ov. Tr. 3.7.1 vade salu- 
latum ... Perillam; 1.1.15 vade, 
liber, verbisque meis loca grata sa- 
luta. — ire iuberis may hint at a 
request by Proculus for a copy of 
Book I. 

2. nitidos . .. lares, elegant 
palace. Lares stands here primarily 
for the well-ordered house (the 
wooden or silver images of the 
Lares were kept polished); yet, 
inasmuch as the Lares stood, at 
least originally, in the atrium, the 
word may here = atrium, saluta- 
tionem. Cf. atria, 12. — officiose: 
the officium of the poet, prob. neg- 
lected in the past, is now to be 
amply discharged by the book. 

3-4. Quaeris iter? is a substi- 
tute for a protasis; cf. 1.79. 2 N.; 
3. 4: 5; 3: 46. 5; 9. 18. 7. — iter: 
the route would be from M.’s dwell- 
ing on the Collis.Quirinalis to the 
palace of Proculus on the Palatine. 
Ov. Tr. 3. 1. 19-30 should be com- 
pared. The book is to go across 
the imperial fora, through the 


inde Sacro veneranda petes Palatia Clivo, 


Forum Romanum, along the Sacra 
Via, past the temple of Vesta and 
the Regia, through the Sacer Cli- 
vus to the Palatine. — Castora = 
Templum Castoris: note the Greek 
form of the acc. singular. This 
temple, the Aedes Vestae, and the 
Atrium Vestae, the residence of 
the Vestals (4), stood on the south 
side of the Forum Romanum; the 
Aedes Vestae and the Atrium 
Vestae lay just east of the Tem- 
plum Castoris. See Hülsen-Carter, 
The Roman Forum, 151 ff.; 191— 
205. — canae . .. Vestae: the 
Italian worship of Vesta was very 
ancient and stood in a closer rela- 
tion to the Romans than did much 
of their adopted mythology and 
religion; cf. Verg. A. 5. 744 canae 
penetralia Vestae. See on cana... 
Iura, I. 15. 2. 

5. Sacro... Clivo: instr. abl, 
by (traversing) the Sacer Clivus. 
The Sacer Clivus was the section 
of the Sacra Via which extended 
from the old forum to the Arch of 
Titus on the Velia; see Hiilsen- 
Carter 225-227. — veneranda: 
perhaps a piece of flattery for Do- 
mitian’s benefit, though not with- 
out thought of the Palatine as the 
seat of the original settlement at 
Rome. — Palatia: falatium at 
first meant Mons Palatinus; later, 
it was used of the imperial palace 
on the Palatine. The pl. may be 
a Pluralis maiestatis, used to mark 
the splendor of the imperial palace. 
Here and in the great majority of 


34 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 70. 6 


plurima qua summi fulget imago ducis. 
Nec te detineat miri radiata colossi 
quae Rhodium moles vincere gaudet opus. 
Flecte vias hac qua madidi sunt tecta Lyaei 
1o et Cybeles picto stat Corybante tholus. 
Protinus a laeva clari tibi fronte Penates 


cases in M. (though rarely else- 
where) the first a is long. 

6. plurima ...imago, many 
a statue. M. is fond of putting an 
adj. of quantity with a collective 
sing.; cf. e.g. 8. 3. 7; Ov. F. 4. 441 
plurima lecta rosa est; Iuv. 1. 120; 
14. 144; 4- 47; 3. 232; 8. 7, 58, 104. 
Busts and statues of the emperor 
(polished and gilded, if not of solid 
metal; cf. fu/ge?) were to be seen 
everywhere in Rome.— summi 
...ducis: cf. 1. 4. 4 N. 

7. Nec: see on Lib. Spect. 1. 2. 
— detineat: ie. to look at it. — 
radiata: Vespasian had trans- 
formed the statue (see on 8) into 
an image of the Sun-God. 

8. molesiscorrectly used of the 
immense statue of himself which 
Nero had erected within the limits 
of his Domus Aurea. It was called 
Colossus in rivalry of the Colossus 
at Rhodes, and was supposed to 
surpass the Seven Wonders of the 
World (see Lib. Spect. 1. Introd.); 
cf. Lib. Spect. 2. 1 szdereus propius 
videt astra colossus; 2.77. 3. — vin- 
cere gaudet: a const. common, 
in both prose and verse, from early 
times; cf. 1.93.2; 2.69. 3; 3. 58.31; 
Soed. 16. The inf. is common too 
with verbs. denoting painful emo- 
tion. 

9. Flecte vias: here the zer 
turns sharply to the right (south) 
at the Arch of Titus. — hac: sc. 
via Or farte. — madidi: madidus 
and wvzdus are stock epithets of the 
Wine-God and his worshipers; 


cf. Plaut. Aul. 573 ego te hodie red- 
dam madidum, si vivo, probe. — 
tecta Lyaei: the site of this Pala- 
tinetemple of Bacchus is unknown. 
Baumeister (1490) believes that it 
stood on the Summa Sacra Via; 
cf. K. and H. Form. urb. Rom. 
75. Lyaeus (= Avatos, the Care- 
Dispeller) is a frequent title of 
Bacchus, esp. in poetry; cf. 8. 50. 12; 
IO. 20. 19. 

10. Cybeles . . . tholus: the 
location of the Templum Magnae 
Matris on the Palatine is in dis- 
pute. Hülsen (cf. Hülsen-Jordan 
51—54) puts it on the side of the Pal- 
atine which overlooks the Circus 
valley; cf. Haugwitz, Der Palatin, 
24-25; 125. Fora different view 
see Richter, Topographie der Stadt 
Rom?, 137-139. See also Platner 
137-140 and Carter A.J. P. 28. 327. 
Cybeles is gen. sing., a Greek form; 
cf. 5.13.7; 9.11.6. Zholus (66dos) 
prop. = rotunda, but here denotes 
the whole building (note s¢at). See 
App.— picto... Corybante may 
refer to a painting on the inside of 
the dome; further, Coryóante may 
— Corybantibus, since the poets 
often use words which in them- 
selves have no collective notion 
(e.g. rosa, flos) as collective singu- 
lars (see on ezcer, 1. 41. 6). 

1r. Protinus: i.e. ‘immediately 
after you pass the Templum Cy- 
beles’. — laeva: sc. parte; cf. hac, 9. 
— clari: because of the /ronte, 
‘facade’. — tibi: dat. of agent (so- 
called) with adeundi,to be supplied. 


1. 72. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 35 


atriaque excelsae sunt adeunda domus. 
Hanc pete: ne metuas fastus limenque superbum : 
nulla magis toto ianua poste patet, 
15 nec propior quam Phoebus amet doctaeque sorores. 
Si dicet “Quare non tamen ipse venit ? " 
sic licet excuses ** Quia, qualiacunque leguntur 
ista, salutator scribere non potuit ". 


Nostris versibus esse te poetam, 
Fidentine, putas cupisque credi ? 
Sic dentata sibi videtur Aegle 


— Penates: sc. Proculi; see on 
lares, +. 
12, atria: the patron received 


his clients in his atrium; see on’ 


lares, 2. — adeunda: M. imitates 
Ovid's use of participial compounds 
of zve in the second half of the 
pentameter; Zingerle 13. 

I3. ne metuas: this visit is a 
new experience for the book, which 
has been accustomed only to M.'s 
plain surroundings. — limen . .. 
superbum: cf. Hor. Epod. 2. 7-8 
superba civium potentiorum limina. 
The phrase involves a trahsferred 
epithet; see on I. 15.7. . 

14. nulla... patet: cf. Ov. F. 
1. 280 tota patet dempta ianua nostra 
sera (* bar"). — poste: one of the 
twodoor-posts; in great houses they 
were made of fine marble. In the 
poets the pl. Zostes often = the door 
proper, fores, valvae; so too some- 
times in the sing., as here; Luc. 5. 
531—532 tum poste recluso dux ait. 

IS. propior = adv., more znti- 
mately. — quam: rel pronoun; 
with mec sc. wlla domus est. — doc- 
tae ... sorores: the Muses, so 
often mentioned with Apollo, when 


the latter is thought of as patron 
of literature and music; cf. 11. 93. 2 
hoc Musis et tibz, Phaebe, placet ? 
I2.11.4; 2.22.1 0 Phoebe novemque 
Sov ores. 

17-18. Forthe thought cf. 10.58, 
esp. I2; I. 108.10 mane tibi pro me 
dicet ** Haveto" liber.— sic licet ex- 
Cuses, you may say this in excuse. 
Licet is always (some 54 times) in 
M. used with the subjv.; see Lease 
Class. Rev. 12. 301. — ista: freely, 
‘that lies before you’; the book is 
speaking to Proculus of M.; cf. 
1. 40.1 son legis ista libenter.— 
salutator: disguised protasis, = sz 
Martialis ipse te salutatum venisset. 
For salutator used of the profes- 
sional hanger-on, who never neg- 
lects the salutatio, see 10. IO. 2; 
IO. 74. 2. 

72. Cf. 1. 29, with notes. — 
Meter: § 49. 

3. Sic: ie. by appropriating, 
through purchase or otherwise, 
what naturally belongs to others. 
— dentata: cf. Catull 39. 12 Za- 
nuvinus ater atque dentatus. Den- 
tatus was the cognomen of M*. 
Curius. 


36 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 72. 4 


emptis ossibus Indicoque cornu, 

5 sic, quae nigrior est cadente moro, 
cerussata sibi placet Lycoris. 
Hac et tu ratione qua poeta es, 
calvus cum fueris, eris comatus. 


Dimidium donare Lino quam credere totum 
qui mavolt mavolt perdere dimidium. 


O mihi curarum pretium non vile mearum, 
Flacce, Antenorei spes et alumne laris, 


4. emptis: cf. 5. 43, with notes; 
12. 23. 1-2 dentibus atque comis — 
nec te pudet— uteris emptis; quid 
facies oculo, Laelia? non emitur. — 
cornu: the tusk (dezs) of the ele- 
phant, ivory; cf. 2.43.9; 9. 37. 3 

5. cadente: ie. when fully 
ripe; cf. 8. 64.7 sit moro coma ni- 
grior caduco; Plin. N. H. 15. 97. 

6. cerussata: white lead (ce- 
russa) was used by women to 
whiten the skin; cf. 2. 41. 12; 7. 25.2; 
Ov. Med. Fac. 73-74 mec cerussa 
libi... desit; Beck. 3. 164 ff.; Marq. 
786 ff. — sibi placet: cf. 4. 59. 5; 
luv. 10. 41-42 szbi consul ne placeat. 
At this time blond complexions 
were fashionable. — Lycoris: cf. 
4. 62. 1 nigra Lycoris; 7. 13. 2 fusca 
Lycoris. 

8. calvus: the Romans were 
extremely sensitive on the score of 
baldness (they commonly did not 
wear hats); cf. 6. 57; 6.74. 1-2; 
12. 23; C.LL. r. 685 (= Ephem. 
Epigr. 6.64) Z. Antoni Calve peristi 
(a taunt on a leaden bullet thrown 
at the siege of Perusia, 41 B.C.); 
Suet. Iul. 45; Dom. 18. Iuv. 4. 38 
calls Domitian a calvus Nero! 


75- The shrewd creditor ver- 
sus the bad debtor. — Meter: § 48. 

1-2. donare, Zo give outright. — 
credere, /o /ez4.— mavolt: for 
spelling see $ 56. 

70. Law versus literature as a 
means of support. Since there 
were no copyright laws, and since 
men of letters were in large part 
born in humble circumstances, the 
patronage of the wellto-do had 
long been a necessity before Juve- 
nal wrote 7. 1—7. Cf.1. 107; 8. 55; 
Tac. D. 8; Fried. SG. 3. 429ff. 
Martial, ‘thinking probably of his 
own experience as a hanger-on, 
seeks to persuade Flaccus (see 
I.61.4 N.) to abandon literature 
and to practice law. — Meter: § 48. 

I. curarum . . . non vile: i.e. 
* whose friendship has been ample 
return forall my pains’. In Ov. Her. 
17 (18). 163-165 Leander says: Ais 
(= meis bracchits) ego cum dixi 
"Pretium non vile laboris, iam 
dominae vobis colla tenenda dabo", 
protinus illa valent. 

2. Antenorei... laris: Pata- 
vium, which, according to tradition, 
was founded after the fall of Troy 


I. 76. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 37 


Pierios differ cantusque chorosque sororum ; 
aes dabit ex istis nulla puella tibi. 
5s Quid petis a Phoebo? nummos habet'arca Minervae ; 
haec sapit, haec omnes fenerat una deos. 
Quid possunt hederae Bacchi dare? Pallados arbor 


by Antenor, a Trojan refugee; see 
Verg. A. 1. 242-249; Liv. 1. 1. — 
alumne: he was born and bred 
there. — laris: the new home 
where Antenor set up his Zar; cf. 
I, 70. 2 N. 

3. Pierios, poetic; Mt. Pierus 
in Thessaly and Mt. Helicon in 
Boeotia were sacred to the Muses. 
— differ: for the small returns of 
literature cf. 9. 73. 7-9 a£ me Lit- 
terulas stulti docuere parentes: ... 
frange leves calamos et scinde, 
Thalia, libellos; Iuv.7. 26-29 aut 
clude et positos tinea pertunde libel- 
los. Frange miser calamos vigila- 
laque proelia dele, qui facis in parva 
sublimia carmina cella, ut dignus 
venias hederis et imagine macra. — 
Choros... sororum: see App. 
Cf. 7.69. 8 quamvis Pierio sit bene 
nota choro; Ov. Pont. 1. 5. 57-58 
vos, ut recitata probentur carmina, 
Pierus invigilate choris.— soro- 
rum: cf. 1. 70.15. 

4. aes = pecuniam; for the 
thought cf. 11. 3. 1-6; 3. 38. — nulla 
puella often stands at the begin- 
ning of the second half of the pen- 
tameter; cf. e.g. 4.71.2; 7.29.4; 
9. 39. 4; 14. 205. 2; Tib. 4. 2. 24. 
For ex... puella M. might have 
said ex zstis puellis nulla. 

5. Phoebo: see I. 70. I5 N. — 
nummos = 425,4; see on I. 66. 4. 
—arca, money-chest, strong box; 
cf. 2. 44. 9 et quadrans mihi nullus 
est in arca; 2. 30. 4 N.; Luv. 1. 89- 
go; Catull. 24. 10 «ec servum tamen 
ille habet neque arcam. — Miner- 
vae: patroness of the practical 
(remunerative) arts and trades, in 


opposition to Apollo and Bacchus, 
who favored literature and the fine 
arts; hence she patronized forensic 
orators (10. 20. 14). M. may be 
attempting a compliment to Do- 
mitian, who claimed to be the espe- 
cial favorite, if not the son, of 
Minerva; see Preller-Jordan 1.297. 

6. haec sapit: perhaps a pro- 
verbial phrase; Minerva is worldly 
wisdom personified. See Phaedr. 
3.17.— fenerat: /ezero is used 
absolutely in 1. 85. 4; Petr. 76 sz- 
stuli me de negotiatione et coepi per 
Libertos fenerare. Schr. and Fried. 
hold that deos is used figuratively 
for deorum munera, and that fene- 
rat = bestows, i.e. ‘Minerva has at 
her disposal all that the gods to- 
gether have’. Fried. thinks that 
the const. fenerare aliquem (i.e. 
acc. of the person to whom money 
is lent) is inadmissible, but surely, 
since M. is in a humorous mood 
(3) 4 9), this const. is no harsher 
than Schrevelius’s explanation. 
The thought then is: ‘ Minerva is 
so much richer than all the other 
gods that she lends money to them, 
and gets her interest, too!’ Yet 
the const. is without parallel. 
Rather take fexerat as = puts out 
at interest; we speak of a million- 
aire as able to buy and sell his 
neighbors. The const, is then 
simple. For still another interpre- 
tation see Coning. Misc. Writ. 
1. 430. Kóstlin's zmfer una deos 
(see App.) is an attractive reading. 

7. Quid . . ; dare? ivy is not 
fruit-bearing (remunerative). The 
ivy was sacred to Bacchus and, 


38 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 76. 8 


inclinat varias pondere nigra comas. 
Praeter aquas Helicon et serta lyrasque dearum 
10 nil habet et magnum, sed perinane, sophos. 
Quid tibi cum Cirrha? quid cum Permesside nuda ? 
Romanum propius divitiusque Forum est. 
Illic aera sonant : at circum pulpita nostra 


since the Wine-God was supposed 
to give inspiration, was the poet's 
crown; seeon 3. Cf. Verg. E. 7. 25 
pastores, hedera crescentem ornate 
poetam; Hor. C. 1. 1. 29-30 me doc- 
larum hederae praemia frontium 
dis miscent superis. There were 
ivy-crowned busts and medallions 
of poets in the Palatine Library. 
C£. serta, 9.— Pallados arbor: the 
olive, whose fruit and oil could be 
turned into money. 

8. inclinat, makes... bend, 
with the weight of fruit. — varias 
...comas: the leaves are deep 
green on the upper side, hoary on 
the lower. — pondere: primarily 
. of the fruit, secondarily of the 
money bestowed by Minerva on 
lawyers (Kóstlin). — nigra is used 
of the tree laden with ripened fruit. 

9. aquas, springs, named Aga- 
nippe and Hippocrene. On the 
proverbial poverty of poets cf. 
10. 76; Ov. Tr. 4. 10. 21-22 saepe 
pater dixit "Studium quid inutile 
tempías? Maeonides (Homer) uuc- 
las ipse veliquit opes"; Petr. 82; 
Fried. SG. 3. 429ff.; 3.491. — H eli- 
con stands here for the poetic art, 
the pursuit of literature; cf. Cirrha 
... Permesside, 11. 

Io. et joins magnum ... sophos 
to the three accusatives in 9. — 
magnum... sophos, dravos loud, 
yes, but valueless. — perinane: 
adjectives compounded with 7er-, 
though they probably originated 
in the sermo plebeius, became semi- 
classic and * belonged rather to the 


easy tone of the sero cotidianus 
of the upper classes" (Cooper 
$ 63). — sophos: cf. 1. 3.7 N.; 
I. 66. 4; 1. 49. 37 mereatur alius 
grande et insanum sophos. 

ir. Cirrha, the old harbor of 
Delphi, and Permessis, a river 
rising on Helicon, shared with 
Delphi and Helicon the favor of 
Apollo and the Muses; cf. Iuv. 
I3. 79 Cirrhae .. . vatis (Apollo); 
Stat. Theb. 3. 106-107 CirrAaeaque 
virgo(Pythia).— Permesside: the 
nymph of the river; see on Helicon, 
9. C£.8. 70. 3-4 cum siccare sacram 
largo Permessida Posset (Nerva) ore. 
— nuda, mere, simple, i.e. unre- 
munerative. The adj. belongs with 
Cirrha too. 

1, Romanum . . . Forum: 
the great court of the Centumviri 
met to try civil cases in the Basilica 
Iuliaonthesouth side ofthe Forum 
Romanum. — divitius: cf. 2. 30. 5; 
I.17.1-2 cog me Titus actitare 
causas et dicit mihi saepe “Magna 
7és est". Brandt thinks M. came to 
Rome to practice law; § 7. 

13. aera: cf. aes, 4. — pulpita: 
at the recitations (see 1. 3. 5 N.) 
the reader stood while making 
his introductory remarks, expla- 
nations, or excuses; he then sat 
on a cushioned chair (cathedra) 
on a raised platform (padpitum). 
Some commentators, perhaps with 
better reason, explain steriles cathe- 
dras of the chairs of the audience. 
In luv. 7. 45-57 cathedrae are hired 
for a recitation for the part of the 


1. 79. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


39 


et steriles cathedras basia sola crepant. 


79 


Semper agis causas et res agis, Attale, semper ; 
est, non est quod agas: Attale, semper agis. 

Si res et causae desunt, agis, Attale, mulas. 
Attale, ne quod agas desit, agas animam. 


room immediately in front of the 
reader (orchestra); behind these 
are benches propped up for the 
occasion (axzabathra). 

14. basia: see I. 3.7 N. — basia 
sola: ‘kisses, but no cash’. There 
is a play in crepant, since that verb 
is at times used of the jingle of 
money; cf. 12. 36. 3; 5.19.14 gud 
crepet aureolos forsitan unus erit. 
Cf. sonant, 13. 

79. By asuccession of plays on 
agere M. satirizes a jack of all trades, 
who, though always busy, accom- 
plished nothing. The thought 
seems to be: ‘Attalus, you are 
always acting, yet you are after all 
only a player rather than a true 
actor in the drama of life’. Atta- 
lus’s name stamps him as an Orien- 
tal, prob. a freedman. Cf. 2.7.8; 
4. 78. 9-10; Phaedr. z. 5. 1-4 est 
ardelionum (‘busybodies’) guaedam 
natio, trepide occursans, occupata. in 
otio, gratis anhelans, multa agendo 
nihil agens, sibi molesta et aliis odio- 
sissima. The repetition of the 
name helps to mark M.’s contempt; 
cf. Paukstadt 27. — Meter: § 48. 

I. agis causas, you try cases, 
ie. play the lawyer.—res agis: 
Le. ‘you do anything and every- 
thing', *you try your hand at busi- 
ness’. Note the chiasmus. 

2. est, non est: it is possible, 
perhaps, to supply sz, or szve . . . s7ve. 
But it may be doubted whether 
there is any ellipsis in such cases; 
the writer makes an assertion, with- 


-way with yourself'. — For 


out throwing it into the conditional 
form; that statement takes the 
place of a genuine protasis. Ques- 
tions and commands also, in Latin 
as in English, often thus supplant 
protases: cf. note on I. 70. 3 quaeris 
"Her? 

4. agas animam: *make 
the 


ie. 


meter see § 48, b. 

85. M. here expresses the gen- 
eral contempt for praecones. They 
were of the lowest social rank and 
were debarred from the higher 
municipal offices. In 5. 56. 10-11 
M. says to a man who is seeking 
a calling for his son: sz Zur puer 
ingeni videlur, praeconem facias 
vel architectum. Yet they made 
large fortunes; see 6. 8; Iuv. 3. 33, 
157; Fried. SG. 1. 312-314. 

Marius was selling because of 
financial embarrassment, but of 
course wished the auctioneerto con- 
cealthisfact. The latter was, how- 
ever, so unskillful that he prompted 
the natural question of some by- 
stander (5). Upset by this, the 
praeco had no answer ready, and 
stupidly extemporized the dam- 
aging joke servos... locum; the 
flat ending (zon. . locum; we 
should expect some strong expres- 
sion) marks his embarrassment 
and makes for this interpretation. 
Some editors, however, hold that 
the plot was in fact unhealthy, and 
that the auctioneer in his pertur- 
bation revealed what he should 


40 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1 85. 1 


85 


Venderet excultos colles cum praeco facetus 
atque suburbani iugera pulchra soli, 
* Errat " ait “si quis Mario putat esse necesse 
vendere : nil debet, fenerat immo magis " 
5 ‘Quae ratio est igitur?" “Servos ibi perdidit omnes 
et pecus et fructus; non amat inde locum”. 
Quis faceret pretium nisi qui sua perdere vellet 


omnia ? 


Sic Mario noxius haeret ager. 


88 


Alcime, quem raptum domino crescentibus annis: 
Lavicana levi caespite velat humus, 


have kept to himself. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1-2. colles: the hills in Rome 
and near the city were much in 
demand for villasites. Execz/tos... 
suburbani and pulchra axe “all 
intended to indicate a kind of prop- 
erty that a man would not part with 
if he could help it” (Steph.).— 
facetus: ironical.— pulchra: cf. 
1. 116.2 culti zugera pulchra soli; 
11. 20. 6 dabo Setini iugera culta 
soli; Tib. 1. 1. 2. 

4. nil debet: a blunt lie. — 
fenerat... magis, zay, he rather 
lends money at interest; see on 
Jenerat, 1.76. 6. — immo is regu- 
larly corrective; it removes adoubt 
or misunderstanding or heightens 
a previous statement. Cf.1.10.3N. 

5-6. ratio: sc. vendendi or cur 
vendat. — Servos... fructus: this 
praeco had not taken to heart Cic. 
Off. 3. 13. 55 quid vero est stultzus 
quam venditorem eius rei quam ven- 
dat vitia narrare? quid autem tam 
absurdum quam si domini iussu 
ita praeco praedicet * Domum pe- 
stilentem vendo" ? — fructus: no 
slaves were left to gather the crop, 


or perhaps the place was so pesti- 
lential that even the fruit would 
not mature. 

7. faceret pretium: cf. Zzgztum 
tollere, digito liceri, see 9. 59. 20. 

8. noxius here — (1) pestzlen- 
tial and (2) troublesome, hard to 
get rid of. 

. On Alcimus, a favorite 
slave of M., who had died young. 
The rich had long built splendid 
family mausolea along the great 
roads leading from Rome. The 
tombs along the Via Appia were 
the. most famous, though the sites 
along the Via Latina and the Via 
Flaminia were decidedly fashion- 
able; cf. 11. 13; 6.28. 5; Iuv. 
I.170-171. Alcimus's burial-place 
lay near the Via Lavicana (Labi- 
cana), which, leaving Rome at the 
Porta Esquilina, ran southeast 
through Lavicum (Labicum),which 
lay between Tusculum and Prae- 
neste. Along this road ground was 
relatively cheap. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. domino: dative. 
_ 2. levi: sepulchral inscriptions 
often show S. T. T. L., which = sz¢ 
tibi terra levis; cf. 5. 34. 9 N. 


I. 88. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 41 


accipe non Pario nutantia pondera saxo, 
quae cineri vanus dat ruitura labor, 
s sed faciles buxos et opacas palmitis umbras 
quaeque virent lacrimis roscida prata meis. 
Accipe, care puer, nostri monimenta doloris: 
hic tibi perpetuo tempore vivet honor. 
Cum mihi supremos Lachesis perneverit annos, 
10 non aliter cineres mando iacere meos. 


3. accipe: the tomb, etc., were 
thought of as gifts likely to please 
the departed spirit; cf. 6. 85. 11-12 
accipe cum fletu maesti breve car- 
men amici atque haec apsentis tura 
fisse futa.— Pario . . . saxo: 
Paros, one of the Cyclades, was 
famous for its marble; cf. e.g. 
Hor. C. 1. 19. 5-6 Glycerae nitor 
splendentis Pario marmore purius. 
—nutantia: i.e. massive and top- 
heavy, as if about to fall; cf. Lib. 
Spect.1. 5. Many tombs were im- 
mense structures, e.g. the pyramid 
of C. Cestius near the Porta Osti- 
ensis and the tomb of Caecilia 
Metella on the Via Appia. 

4. vanus = (1) zse/ess, because 
of nature's destructive power, (2) 
empty, hollow, the result of fashion's 
rivalry, as compared with unpreten- 
tious but sincere grief.— ruitura: 
cf. e.g. 8. 3. 5-8; 10.2.9; Iuv. ro. 
144-146 saxis cinerum custodibus, 
ad quae discutienda valent sterilis 
mala robora fici, quandoquidem data 
sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcris. 

5. faciles, ye/ding, pliant; the 
box was readily cut and trained by 
the zopiarius into various fanciful 
forms and figures, a fashion that 
has at times prevailed since, esp. 
in France. As an evergreen the 
box may typify M.’s remembrance 
of the dead boy. See App.— 
palmitis: typical of the tender 
years of Alcimus. 


6-7. lacrimis ...doloris: cf. 
Ov. Tr. 3. 3. 81-82 fu tamen extincto 
(mihz) feralia munera semper deque 
fuis lacrimis umida serta dato.— 
roscida: poetical for wmzda; cf. 
4.18. 3 roscida tecta (of a dripping 
aqueduct). — prata, grass, turf. 

8. hic... honor, the honor my 
verse will give you. Nature per- 
petuating herself in turf and tree 
will outlast the work of man’s 
hands; man perpetuates himself 
in literature; cf. 9. 76. 9-10 sed ne 
sola famen puerum pictura logua- 
tur, haec erit in chartis maior imago 
meis; 10. 2. 9-12; Ov. Am. 1. 10. 
61-62. 

9. Lachesis: one of the Parcae, 
Disposer of Lots, who determines 
when the end ( ger- zever:t) of each 
man's life has been reached; cf. 
4. 54. 9-10; Luv. 3. 27 dum superest 
Lachesis quod torqueat. — perne- 
verit: most verbal compounds with 
per- belong to the early sermo 
plebeius; of 351 such forms Silver 
Latin supplies only forty-six; see 
Cooper $71. To this number M. 
contributes two, pernere, peroscu- 
lari (8.81.5). See App. 

to. ‘I need not wish for myself 
better resting-place than this’. — 
mando here = zuzéeo, in sense and 
const.; cf. Tac. Ann. 15. 2 manda- 
vitgue Tigranen Armenia extur- 
bare; Sil. 13: 480-481. See A. 563, 
a; GL. 546, N. 3. 


42 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 89. 1 


89 


Garris in aurem semper omnibus, Cinna, 
garris et illud teste quod licet turba, 
rides in aurem, quereris, arguis, ploras, 
cantas in aurem, iudicas, taces, clamas, 

s adeoque penitus sedit hic tibi morbus, 
ut saepe in aurem, Cinna, Caesarem laudes. 


Fabricio iunctus fido requiescit Aquinus, 
qui prior Elysias gaudet adisse domos. 


89. Cinnaisforever whispering 
in his neighbor's ears, just as.Ca- 
nius Rufus (3.20) and Egnatius 
(Catull. 39. 1-8) grin under the 
most incongruous circumstances. 
— Meter: § 52. 

a. Garris in aurem: cf. 5. 
61.3 nescio quid dominae teneram 
qui garrit in aurem; 3. 28. 2 gar- 
ris Nestor, in auriculam; 3. 44. 
12. 

2. garris: see App.— et — 
etiam, even. — teste . . . turba: 
Cinna whispers things that might 
be said aloud in the presence of 
all men. — licet: sc. Zi prologui 
(dicere). 

3. ‘ You can't even laugh aloud 
as ordinary people do'. 

4. iudicas, eive your opinions, 
perhaps in ordinary life, perhaps 
as a zudex in court. — taces: a par- 
adox. 

5. penitus . . . morbus: cf. 
Cels. 3. 1 longus tamen morbus cum 
genitus insedit .. . acuto par est. 
What in most men would be a 
mere cu/pa is in Cinna's case a 
morbus. Catullus (see Introd.) 
says of Egnatius: Aunc abet mor- 
bum; in Hor. S. 1. 6. 30 Barrus's 
vanity is a mordus; cf. Sen. Ep. 


8s. 10 numquid dubium est quin 
vitia mentis humanae inveterata et 
dura, quae morbos vocamus, immo- 
derata sint, ut avaritia, ut crudeli- 
las, ut inpotentia, ut impietas ? — 
sedit = zusedi?; see 1. 4. 2 N. 

6. in aurem: i.e. rather than 
where all men can hear you. Thus 
M. artfully makes his blame of 
Cinna serve as à compliment to 
the emperor (Ramirez). The mean- 
ing is twofold: (1) *your disease is 
chronic, so that you cannot even 
shout the praises of your emperor, 
as other men do'; (2) *you are a 
court flatterer’. 

93. On a double monument 
that marked the resting-place of 
two centurions; in life friends, in 
death they were not divided. — 
Meter: § 48. 

i. iunctus: in burial and in 
Elysium. — requiescit: i.c. from 
the wárfare of camp and of life. 
There is an intimation, too, that 
even in Elysium Aquinus was 
hardly at ease without his friend. 
Cf. the formal regzzescat in pace. 

2. Elysias . . . domos: the 
more enjoyable, because as pro- 
fessional soldier he had had no 
earthly home; cf. 9. 51. 5; 11. 5.6; 


1. 98. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


43 


Ara duplex primi testatur munera pili: 
plus tamen est titulo quod breviore legis: 


5 


“Tunctus uterque sacro laudatae foedere vitae, 


famaque quod raro novit amicus erat ". 


* 


98 


Litigat et podagra Diodorus, Flacce, laborat. 
Sed nil patrono porrigit: haec cheragra est. 


Ov. M. r4. r11-112. LElysiasgue do- 
mos et regua novissima mundi me 
duce cognosces (the Sibyl is speak- 
ing). Note the tenses; Aquinus 
is forever glad that his friend sur- 
vived him; cf. 1. 36. 4-6 quod pro 
fratre mori vellet uterque prior, 
diceret infernas et qui prior isset 
ad umbras “Vive tuo, frater, tem- 
pore, vive meo". For gaudeo with 
inf. see on 1. 70. 18. 

3. Ara: used for any stone 
monument, esp.a sepulchral monu- 
ment, upon which, figuratively 
speaking, offerings were made to 
the Di Manes. This monument 
may, however, have resembled a 
double altar. — primi... pili: of 
the sixty centurions in the legion 
the centurio primipilus (or primo- 
pilus) was first in rank; he had 
risen by promotion to the com- 
mand of the first cexturza of the 
first cohort in the legion. He was 
a member of the general's council 
and had charge of the money-chest 
and of the eagle of the legion. 

4. plus: freely, *of more inter- 
est’, ‘of greater significance’, i.e. 
than the complimentary record sug- 
gested by 3. The ava duplex con- 
tained at least two inscriptions: one 
to the two men, which stated their 
names, ages, military service, etc., 
and the shorter couplet given in 
5-6. It is possible, too, that each 
man’s career was given separately 


and that the shorter couplet was 
displayed elsewhere on the stone. 
— tamen: i.e. in spite of the full 
testimony to their merits indicated 
by 3. 

5. Iunctus .. . vitae: sc. erat 
(alterz) with zuzctus; cf.1. The sa- 
cramentum, the military oath taken 
by the troops in the name of the 
emperor, was regarded as far more 
binding than the zzs zwrandum 
taken in legal processes; hence 
sacro foedere. 

6. fama, the annals of fame. 
Men who are rivals for glory, esp. 
military glory, are apt to be jealous 
of each other.—-que connects zzz:c- 
tus (erat) and amicus erat.— quod 
. +. novit is in appos. with amicus 
erat. — amicus erat = wtergue al- 
teri amicus erat. 

98. Ona stingy man whose dis- 
ease, M. thinks, has been wrongly 
diagnosed. — Meter: $ 48. 

2. patrono, Zzs dawyer. — por- 
rigit: a humorous substitute for 
pendit, dat; M. pretends to believe 
that Diodorus is crippled in his 
hands too, and so is physically un- 
able to hold out a coin. Lawyers' 
fees depended largely on the gener- 
osity of the clients, and so were 
often small; see Iuv.7.105-149. 
Contrast 1. 76; but that epigram 
must not be taken too seriously. 
A law passed in 204 B.C. made it 
illegal to take any fee; Claudius 


44 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 100. 1 


100 
Mammas atque tatas habet Afra, sed ipsa tatarum 
dici et mammarum maxima mamma potest. 


102 
Qui pinxit Venerem tuam, Lycori, 
blanditus, puto, pictor est Minervae. 


103 
* Si dederint superi decies mihi milia centum ” 


repealed this but fixed the maxi- 
mum fee at 10,000 sestertzz. Plin. 
Ep. 6. 23.1 tells us that he spoke 
without compensation. Quint. 12. 
7. 8 declares that lawyer and client 
should not make a bargain before- 
hand, but also bids the client show 
his gratitude practically. 

100. On a woman far from 
young (probably a meretrix: cf. 
Giese 5; note her foreign name), 
who by her baby talk would make 
people believe her still youthful. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1-2. Mammas atque tatas: 
note the plural. She may have ad- 
dressed grandparents as well as 
parents, or even other persons, in 
this way. Non. 81 quotes Varro 
as saying that children cztum ac 
potionem buas ac pappas (vocant) et 
matrem mammam, patrem tatam. 
As with us such baby words finally 
became a part of the sermo famili- 
aris; this is attested by the inscrip- 
tions, which so often give us 
pictures of common life where 
literature fails; cf. Orelli-Henz. 
2813 Dis M. Zetho Corinthus tata 
eius et Nice mamma F.V.A.1. D. 
XVT, Abbott A. J. P. 19. 86-90. — 
tatarum ... maxima (sc. za£z), 
the very oldest tata and mamma 
of them all. Cf.10. 39; note the 
alliteration. 


102. M. has styled a Lycoris, 
perhaps this Lycoris, cerzssata 
(1. 72. 6), Zusca. (3. 39. 2), migra 
(4. 62.1), fusca (7.13.2). She was 
evidently of the demi-monde; such 
women often lived under assumed 
names. A certain Lycoris was a 
beauty famousas the mistress of M. 
Antonius and of Comelius Gallus, 
the brilliant but ill-starred poet. 
The picture referred to in the epi- 
gram may have represented Venus 
alone, or Venus, Minerva, and Juno 
together as they appeared before 
Paris on Mt. Ida; Lycoris herself 
posed as Venus. See Beck. 3. 97 ff. 
M. means, then, either that scant 
justice has been done to Venus’s 
charms or that the painter has 
failed to appreciate the beauty of 
Lycoris herself. — Meter: § 49. 

1-2. *Your painter, who has flat- 
tered Minerva at Venus's expense, 
was not so appreciative a judge as 
Paris’, Cf. 5. 40. 1-2 pinxisti Vene- 
rem, colis, Artemidore, Minervam, 
et miraris opus displicuisse tuum ? 

103. ‘One’s knowledge of how 
to live well is frequently in inverse 
proportion to his means; Scae- 
vola's meanness grew apace with 
his riches’. — Meter: § 48. 

I. decies . . . centum: 1,000, 
000 sestertz was the senatorial cen- 


. $us, 400,000 the equestrian. With 


1. 103. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 45 


dicebas nondum, Scaevola, iustus eques, 
* qualiter o vivam, quam large quamque beate!" 
Riserunt faciles et tribuere dei. 

5 Sordidior multo post hoc toga, paenula peior, 
calceus est sarta terque quaterque cute, 
deque decem plures semper servantur olivae 

explicat et cenas unica mensa duas, 


malia sc. sestertium, the older (not 
contracted) gen. pl of sestertius. 
The Romans reckoned large sums 
of money regularly in terms of the 
sestertius; commonly, too, za 
sestertium is omitted wholly from 
the expressions for such sums. 

2. dicebas: mark the tense, 
you used fo say.— iustus, ful, 
regular, true, legal; cf. matrimo- 
nium iustum, uxor iusta, etc.; 4. 67. 
3-4 dicebatque suis haec tantum 
desse trecentis, ut posset domino 
plaudere iustus eques. 

3. beate: ie. as a real deatus 
or rex (= dives; see on 2. 18. 5). 

4. Riserunt: the gods knew 
what the outcome would be and so 
with a chuckle granted his prayer. 
We may also take zzseruzt as = 
arriserunt; see on I. 4. 2. — faci- 
les, compliant; used frequently 
of the gods who answer prayer; 
cf. 12. 6. 10; Iuv. 10. 7-8. evertere 
domos totas . . . di faciles; Hor. S. 
I. I. 22; Luc. 1. 510 o faciles deos. 

5. Sordidior...toga: the 
toga, being of white wool, must 
be cleansed frequently by the fi/lo. 
For the general picture in 5-6 cf. 
Hor. S. 1. 3. 30-32; Ep. 1. 1.94-97; 
Iuv.3.147-151.—paenula: acloak 
of shaggy felt (gausapa) or leather, 
used by the well-to-do as a weather 
garment over the toga, by the poor 
and slaves as the ordinary outside 
garment, if anything at all was worn 
over the tunic, Scaevola seems to 


have beentoo mean to think of a /a- 
cerna. See Beck. 3. 215 ff.; Marq. 
564; Müller Die Tracht. d. R. 34. 

6. calceus: as necessary as the 
toga was to formal out-of-doors 
dress; soleae or crepidae were worn 
in the house. See Marq. 588 ff.; 
Beck. 3. 227 ff. — sarta . . . cute: 
cf.12.29.9; see on sordidior... 
toga, 5. 

7-9. Meanness dominates Scae- 
vola's dinners from the beginning 
(promulsis, gustus) to the comzs- 
satio at the end. 

7. plures . . . olivae: olives 
were regularly served at the 2zo- 
7ulsis, which preceded the fercula 
of the ceza proper; here only ten 
in all are served, yet more than 
half are carefully saved for an- 
other time; Scaevola will not eat 
them himself or leave them for the 
slaves. Cf.Iuv. 14. 126-133; con- 
trast 3. 58. 42-43. 

8. explicat... duas prob. 
refers to the ceza proper as dis- 
tinct from the 2romulsis (7) and 
the comissatio (9). Scaevola's ava- 
rice leads him to dispense with 
the mensae secundae. One fice de 
résistance, if anything worthy this 
name were served at all, must 
answer fortwo days! Cf.10.48.17. 
— explicat, sets out; cf. 1. 99. 9-13 
abisti in tantam miser esuritionem 
ut convivia sumptuosiora, toto quae 
semel apparas in anno, nigrae sor- 
dibus explices monetae (‘money’). 


46 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 103. 9 


et Veientani bibitur faex crassa rubelli, 


IO 


asse cicer tepidum constat et asse Venus. 


In ius, o fallax atque infitiator, eamus: 
aut vive aut decies, Scaevola, redde deis. 


107 
Saepe mihi dicis, Luci carissime Iuli, 


There is grim humor in the verb, 
which in itself suggests plenty. — 
mensa: here of what was put on 
the table, service, serving. 

9. Veientani...rubelli: Ve- 
ientan wine was commonplace; cf. 
3. 49. 1 Vezentana mihi misces, ubi 
Massica potas. In 2. 53. 3-4 M. 
says to Maximus: ‘You can be a 
true freeman’, cezare foris si, 
Maxime, nolis, Vetentana tuam si 
domat uva sitim.—faex crassa: 
M. may wish to imply that Scae- 
vola was careful to drain the am- 
phora, though /aex was used of wine 
that was thick and poor; cf. 11. 56. 
7-8 o quam magnus homo es, qui 
faece rubentis aceti et . . . nigro pane 
carere potes! On Italian wines see 
Marq. 449 ff.; Beck. 3. 434 ff. 

10. cicer tepidum: cf. madi- 
dum cicer, 1. 41. 6 N. — constat, 
stands at, costs, a mercantile term; 
Cf. 13. 3. 2; 6.88. 3 (note gen. there). 
—asse, penny; as is used in prover- 
bial expressions, as we use ‘copper’, 
‘nickel’. — Venus = meretrix; cf. 
2.53.7 ‘you can be truly free’, sz ple- 
beia Venus gemino tibi vincitur asse. 

iz. In ius... eamus, Ze us go 
into court, a phrase used of going 
before the praetor's tribunal; in this 
case the criminal is answerable to 
the court of heaven. Cf. 12.97. 10 
sit tandem pudor aut eamus in ius; 
luv. 10. 87-88 ne quis ... pavidum 
in fus cervice obstricta dominum 
trahat. The charge is perjury and 
misuse of a trust; the sentence is 


given in 12. —fallax: he belied 
the promise of 3.—- infitiator: 
used technically of one who denies 
a debt, whether of the ordinary 
kind, or arising out of money left 
with him as a deposztum ; the latter 
sin was accounted especially hei- 
nous. Cf. luv.13. 60 sz depositum 
non tnfitietur amicus; Ter. Phor. 
55-56. In Plin. Ep. ro. 96.7 the Bi- 
thynian Christians are represented 
as swearing ze fidem fallerent, ne 
depositum — appellati abnegarent. 
Scaevola received his wealth from 
the gods on conditions; he has 
failed to keep his promise and so 
has denied the Zegosztum. 

12. vive: cf. v7vam (3) and see 
on I. I5. I2. — redde deis: ie. 
*since you have proven false to 
your trust, give back to the gods 
what they gave you’. 

107. M.,while excusing himself 
from the undertaking of a magnum 
opus (see § 41), on the ground that 
leisure is indispensable for such 
an achievement, politely begs. On 
patronage of literature see 1. 76. 
Introd. Maecenas made it a part of 
state policy. It has been thought 
necessary almost down to our own 
times. For M. and such patronage 
see $8 8-11; 14; 15; 36. Cf. 3. 38; 
8. 55; luv. 7, esp. 1-12, 36-68, 105- 
123; Fried. SG. 3. 406 ff. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

I. Carissime implies close 
friendship; it is used by M. again 
only in 9. 97. 1. ae 


I. 107. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 47 


* Scribe aliquid magnum: desidiosus homo es ". 
Otia da nobis, sed qualia fecerat olim 
Maecenas Flacco Vergilioque suo: 
s condere victuras temptem per saecula curas 
et nomen flammis eripuisse meum. 
In steriles nolunt campos iuga ferre iuvenci: 


2. desidiosus homo, a /azy fe/- 
low ; said playfully, but well, of one 
who lived by his wits; cf. 8. 3. 12. 

3. Otia da nobis: ie. ‘give to 
us poets in general’; zo£zs is more 
than zz; 1. The command sup- 
plants the prot. of a conditional 
sentence; see on I. 70. 3; I. 79. 2. 
The sense is, *If you were to 
give, ... I would try’. Ofzum is 
freedom from business (zegotzum 
= nec + otium), such leisure as is 
made possible by wealth; hence 
otium came to mean ‘opportunity 
for literary work'; cf. Cic. De Or. 
2.13. 57 otzum suum consumpsit in 
historia scribenda; 'Tusc. s. 36. 105 
quid est enim dulcius otio litterato? 
Plin. Ep. 1. 22. 11 studiosum . 
otium.— sed: see on 1. 43. 9. — 
fecerat: cf. Verg. E. 1.6 deus nobis 
haec otia fecit. The plpf. often = 
aorist in the poets of the empire; 
cf. 2.41.2; 3.52.1; 5.52.4. See 
Guttmann 4o ff. Still the plpf. 
may here be exact, ‘had given 
leisure (before they produced their 
immortal works) ’. 

4. Maecenas: the typical pa- 
tron of literature; cf. 8. 55. 5 ff.; 11. 
3. 7-12; luv. 7. 94 quis tibi Mae- 
cenas ... erit? — Flacco: Horace's 
obligation to Maecenas, esp. for 
the Sabine farm, is common knowl- 
edge. Vergil too had reason to 
appreciate Maecenas's favor; for 
Roman tradition on this point com- 
pare Donatus (— Suet.) Verg. 20 
Georgica in honorem Maecenatis 
edidit, qui sibi mediocriter adhuc 


noto opem tulisset adversus veterani 
cuiusdam violentiam, a quo in alter- 
catione [itis agrariae paulum afuit 
quin occideretur (see, however, on 
8. 55. 9-10). Horace and Vergil 
are, howevér, but examples of a 
wider patronage which embraced 
Varius, Propertius, etc. See Meri- 
vale 4. 214. — suo: see on I. I3. I. 

5. condere ...curas: ie. to 
write poetry; cf. Verg. E. 10. 50-51 
Chalcdico quae sunt mihi condita 
versu carmina. For cura of care- 
fully wrought literary work cf. 
I. 25. 5-Ó N.; 1. 45. I edita ne órevi- 
bus pereat mihi cura libellis; O. Cru- 
sius Rhein. Mus. 44. 449, Anm. 2. 
— condere...temptem: the inf. 
with ¢empto is common in Silver 
Latin. — saecula: cf. IO. 2. 11 N. 

6. flammis: (1) of the funeral 
pyre, (2) of oblivion. For the 
thought cf. Hor. C. 3. 30. 6-7 zoz 
omnis moriar multaque pars mei 
vitabit Libitinam.— eripuisse here 
hardly means more than erigere 
would suggest. The pf. inf. seems 
often to be used without much 
regard to time, whether dependent 
on a verb, as here and in 2.1. 9, 
or dependent on an adj. as in 
6. 52. 4, esp. in dependence on 
forms of volo, nolo, malo, and at 
the beginning of the second half 
of the pentameter; in the latter 
case metrical convenience is at 
work. See L. 2225; Howard Harv. 
Stud. 1. 111-138, esp. 123. 

7. steriles: cf. 1. 76. 14; Iuv. 7. 
103 quae tamen inde (from literary 


48 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1. 107. 8 


pingue solum lassat, sed iuvat ipse labor. 


109 


Issa est passere nequior Catulli, 
Issa est purior osculo columbae, 
Issa est blandior omnibus puellis, 
Issa est carior Indicis lapillis, 

5 Issa est deliciae catella Publi. 


toil) seges, terrae quis fructus aper- 
tae?—iuvenci: even brutes pro- 
test against useless toil. 

8. pingue solum occurs in 
Verg. G. 1. 64; cf. Luc. 6. 382 giz- 
guis sulcus, a furrow drawn in rich 
soil. The chiasmus emphasizes 
the antithesis. —iuvat...labor: 
because in such a case there is 
reasonable expectation of a fair 
return; hope is no less a stimulus 
to the poet than to the farmer. 

109. M. compliments Publius 
on the likeness he had painted of 
a favorite lap-dog, whom he called 
Issa (but see on 18). It is possible 
that the man praised in 2. 57; 10. 98 
for elegance of dress and home 
appointments is this Publius. — 
Meter: $ 49. 

1. Issa: the ancient custom of 
applying personal names to pets, 
esp. love names and nicknames, 
has long survived the Romans. 
In Petr. 64 Croesus's pet puppy is 
named Margarita, ‘Pearl’. Zssais 
from the sermo familiaris, for ipsa; 
ps becomes ss  Zssa = domina, 
M'lady; see Bücheler, Petr., edit. 
maior, on 63; Lindsay L. L. 79. On 
Pompeian graffiti we have A prodite 
Jssa and Euge Issa; see C.LL. 
4.1589, 1590. — M. is fond of a 
succession of lines with like begin- 
ning or like ending; cf. 10. 35. 1, 3; 
2,4; 11, I2. See Paukstadt 25-27. 
—passere .. . Catulli: the spar- 


row of Lesbia, Catullus's mistress, 
whose praises are sung in Catull. 
2; 3. M. alludes to this sparrow 
also in I. 7; 4. 14. 13-14. — ne- 
quior, roguzsh, naughty. So neguz- 
Hae stands for a wantonness that 
charms in 4. 42. 4 meguztias tellus 
scit dare nulla magis. See App. 

2. osculocolumbae, the billing 
of a dove; doves were proverbially 
affectionate. — osculo, Zzss; dim. 
of os. The dim. is used perhaps 
of the mouth puckered (made 
smaller) for a kiss; perhaps, how- 
ever, the dim. is rather one of 
endearment. Cf. Ov. Am. 2. 6. 56 
oscula dat cupido blanda columba 
mari (‘mate’). 

3. blandior, more coaxing, more 
winsome, 

4. Carior, more precious. — In- 
dicis lapillis: J/afillus, dim. of 
lapis, is a general word for gems, 
precious stones; cf. Ov. A. A. 3. 129 
vos quogue non caris aures onerate 
lapillis. The Orient, esp. India, 
supplied the ancient world with 
gems; cf. 10. 38. 4-5 0 nox omnis 
et hora, quae notata est caris litoris 
Zndici lapillis ! 

5. This vs. identifies Issa, and 
satisfies the curiosity roused by 
I-4.— deliciae, pet; cf. passer, 
deliciae meae puellae, Catull. 2. 1; 
3. 4.— catella: dim. of endear- 
ment. As a pet the dog seems to 
have taken with the Romans the 


I. 109. 18] 


10 


iS 


à 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


Hanc tu, si queritur, loqui putabis; 
sentit tristitiamque gaudiumque. 
Collo nixa cubat capitque somnos, 
ut suspiria nulla sentiantur, 

et desiderio coacta ventris 

gutta pallia non fefellit ulla, 

sed blando pede suscitat toroque 
deponi monet et rogat levari. 
Castae tantus inest pudor catellae, 
ignorat Venerem; nec invenimus 
dignum tam tenera virum puella. 
Hanc ne lux rapiat suprema totam, 


49 


picta Publius.exprimit tabella, 


part played by the cat among us. 
Iuv. 6. 652-654 represents the 
woman of his day as thinking more 
of her puppy than of her husband. 
Cf. Petr. 71 aedificas monumentum 
meum quemadmodum te | Zussi? 
valde te rogo ut secundum pedes 
statuae meae catellam ponas. The 
dog of this epigram may have been 
the catella Gallicana of 14. 198. 1-2 
delicias parvae si vis audire catel- 
lae, narranti brevis est pagina tota 
mihi. For other pets see 7.87; 
5. 37-133 14. 73; Merrill on Catull. 
2.1; Marq. 152, Anm. 5; Beck. 2. 
148 ff. — Publi: for the form see 
8 56,c; Haupt Opusc. 3. 584. 

6. queritur: cf. Prop. 4. 3. 55 
catulae vox est mihi grata querentis. 

7. tristitiam: sc. Publi. 

8. Collo...cubat: presumably 
at night. 

9. ut... sentiantur, so gently 
that, etc.; she does not disturb 
her master’s repose. 

10. ventris = vesicae. 

11. pallia here = stragu/a; sc. 
tori.—fefellit, deceives, proves 
traitor to, an emotional substitute 


for a prosaic maculat, inguinat. 
For the gnomic pf. see A. 475; 
GL. 236, N.; L. 1611. 

12. suscitat: sc. dominum, cf. 
8-9. 

13. The inf. with moneo is not 
common; Phaedr. 3. 17. 13 has inf. 
with admoneo. Cf.note on mando, 
1.88. ro. — rogat levari: for ragare 
with inf. cf. Ov. Her. 6. 144; Catull. 
35. I0. — levari: sc. toro, or alvi 
seu vesicae onere (Schr.). 

14-15. Castae . . . Venerem: 
parataxis (coórdination); M. might 
have said casae . . catellae ut 
ignoret Venerem. 

17. lux...suprema: sc. z ae; 
supremus is used of the end of life 
in many phrases, esp. with des, 


tempus, hora, nox. —— rapiat = 
abripiat; see on I. 4. 2. 
18. picta...tabella: /aóe//a 


(dicta) = painting, picture; cf. Hor. 
Ep. 2. 2. 180-182 gemmas, marmor, 
ebur, Tyrrhena stgilla, tabellas . . . 
sunt qui non habeant, est qui non 
curat  Aabere. — exprimit: this 
verb is frequently used of repre- 
sentations in wax, clay, plaster; it is 


50 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1- 109. 19 


in qua tam similem videbis Issam 
20 ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa. 
Issam denique pone cum tabella: 
aut utramque putabis esse veram, 
aut utramque putabis esse pictam. 


113 
Quaecumque lusi iuvenis et puer quondam 
apinasque nostras, quas nec ipse iam novi, 
male conlocare si bonas voles horas 
et invidebis otio tuo, lector, 

s a Valeriano Pollio petes Quinto, 
per quem perire non licet meis nugis. 


usednextof repoussé work; finally, 
it is used figuratively of portrayal 
inwords oroil. Here it is most nat- 
ural tosuppose tbat Publius himself 
is painting Issa; still the verb could 
be used of him even if he were em- 
ploying some one else as artist. 

19. tam... Issam, az Zs5a so 
Zi&e (the living Issa). 

20. nec here = on, me... qui- 
dem, ie.its connective force is or 
seems to be wholly lacking. The 
usage is not infrequent in early 
Latin; later, it occurs only spo- 
radically aside from a few com- 
pounds (zecopinans, negotium). See 
GL. 442, N. 3; L. 1446 ; 1658; Rib- 
beck, Die latein. Partikeln, 24-26. 
Cf. 1. 113.2; 4.44.8; 5.62. 5; 5.69.4. 
Sometimes it is possible enough to 
see connective force in zec, by 
assuming condensation, as here 
from nec altera catella nec ipsa. 
See on sed, 1. 43. 9. 

21. pone = compone. The vs. 
well shows how componere came 
to mean ‘compare’. 

II3. Some one would seem to 
have asked the poet where his 


earlier poems could be purchased. 
The edition referred to may have 
been a reissue of pieces once pub- 
lished or a publication of early 
works not previously given to the 
world. See $89; 39; 1.117. Introd. 
— Meter: 8 52. 

1. Quaecumque lusi, whatever 
sportive triffes wrote. Ludois often 
thus used; cf. r4. 187. 1 hac prz- 
mum iuvenum lascivos lusit amores; 
Hor. C. 1. 32. r, etc. — et puer, yes 
(and earlier still), as a lad. 

2. apinas = zugas, gerras; cf. 
14.1.7 sunt apinae tricaegue et si 
quid vilius istis. The word is sup- 
posed to be derived from Apina, 
the name of a poor town in Apulia. 
— nec ipse = ze ipse quidem; see 
on I. IO. 20. 

3. male... horas, to make a 
bad investment of some good time.— 
conlocare: a common mercantile 
term, of putting things out on con- 
tract. 

4. Apurecholiambus; see$ 52,b. 

5. Pollio: see r. 2. 7 N. 

6. per...nugis: i.e. he pub- 
lishes my youthful trifles and keeps 


I. 117. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 5I 


117 


Occurris quotiens, Luperce, nobis, 

** Vis mittam puerum " subinde dicis, 

* cui tradas epigrammaton libellum, 

lectum quem tibi protinus remittam ?” 
5 Non est quod puerum, Luperce, vexes. 

Longum est, si velit ad Pirum venire, 

et scalis habito tribus, sed altis. 

Quod quaeris propius petas licebit. 


them from dying a natural death. 
— nugis: cf. note on xe 2. M. 
uses this word repeatedly of his epi- 
grams; cf. 2.1.6; 4.10.4; 8. 3. 11; 
etc.; Catull. 1. 3-4 zazque tu sole- 
bas meas esse aliquid putare nugas; 
and other authors. 

117. Cf.4.72. M. humorously 
urges a man who was always beg- 
ging the loan of a copy of the 
epigrams to go to the Argiletum 
(see on r. 2. 8) and. buy a copy. 
M.’s motive could hardly have been 
a mercenary one if, as most au- 
thorities hold, no royalty was paid 
to authors; see Fried. SG. 3. 429; 
Marq. 828; Beck. 2. 450 ff. Fora 
different view see Putnam, Authors 
and their Public in Ancient Times, 
188; 203 ff. At any rate M. seems 
to have looked for remuneration 
mainly to sources other than his 

, publishers, esp. to friends or to the 
emperor; on patronage see r. 76. 
Introd.; 1. 107. Introd. — Meter: 
§ 49. 

2. Vis mittam: a simple delib- 
erative subjv., zz/taz, would have 
sufficed. Beware of supplying z; 
in Greek we have ri Bovder rod; 
beside rf vo.9; — We really have 
parataxis; vis mittam — vis? mittam? 
For the simple sübjv. after vo/o 
see A. 563, b; GL. 546, Rem. 2; 
L. 1705; 1707. — puerum: cf. 


I. 41. 8 N. — subinde, repeatedly, 
reénforces 1. Vss. 3-4 supply good 
examples of final rel. clauses. 

5. M.’s (pretended) concern for 
the slave is of course only a studi- 
ously courteous snub. — Non est 
quod, there zs no reason why; this 
formula is regularly followed by 
the subjunctive. 

6. ad Pirum: M. dwelt at this 
time in lodgings on the Collis 
Quirinalis near the temple of Flora, 
by The Pear Tree; cf. 5. 22. 3-4; 
6. 27. 1-2 nam tu quoque proxima 
Florae incolis. Topographical no- 
menclature arising in the sermo 
Blebezus often becomes fixed. A 
bull of Pope Innocent III of the 
year 1199 mentions a locality ad Pz- 
rum on the Quirinal. See Jordan 
Arch. Zeitung, 1871, p.71; Hülsen- 
Jordan 427, N. 94. 

7. scalis...tribus: local abl., 
— tertio tabulato. M. was doubt- 
less living in a lodging-house 
(insula, so called because flanked 
on all sides by streets). In such 
the poor found quarters; cf. Iuv. 
3.193-202. For high zzsudae see 
7. 20; Tuv. 3. 197 ff., 269 ff.; Burn, 
Rome and the Campagna, p. Ixxi; 
Smith D. of A. 1. 666. — sed: see 
On I. 43. 9. 

8. petas licebit: see on 1. 70. 


175 


d 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1 117. 9 


Argi nempe soles subire letum : 


IO 


contra Caesaris est Forum taberna 


scriptis postibus hinc et inde totis, 
omnis ut cito perlegas poetas. 


Illinc me pete. 


Nec roges Atrectum 


— hoc nomen dominus gerit tabernae — : 


L5 


9. Argi...letum: simple tme- 
sis. We need not assume that M. 
recognized the old etymology, for 
which cf. Verg. A. 8. 345; see the 
lexicons. Note theirony; M. says: 
‘As a lover of literature, you surely 
go every day to the Argiletum’. 
He means of course that Lupercus 
hardly knows where to buy a book. 

zo. Caesaris... Forum: since 
the extent of the Argiletum is not 
clearly fixed, we cannot say cer- 
tainly which forum is meant. Cae- 
saris without further designation 
would naturally denote the reigning 
emperor, Domitian, who began the 
Forum Palladium; see 1. 2. 8 N. 

II. SCriptis postibus: shops 
were closed at night by shutters 
and doors. In the daytime the 
shutters, etc., were removed, and 
the shop was, wholly open to the 
street; only a low counter of ma- 
sonry, shaped like a carpenter's 
square, then separated the interior 
from the street. On either side of 
the whole shop-front were the 
postes (Hor. S. r. 4. 71-72 calls 
them 2z/ae). These the booksellers 
utilized for advertising the books 
for sale within and for the display 
of sample copies. See Overbeck, 
Pompeii, 378; Mau-Kelsey 276- 
278, esp. Fig. 131; Knapp Class. 
Rev. 11. 359. The best place to 
study the arrangements for closing 
Roman shops is in the shops to be 
seen in the eastern hemicycle of 


de primo dabit alterove nido 


Trajan’s Forum, hidden from the 
view of the ordinary visitor by 
modern houses. In these shops 
the stone lintel is yet in place; one 
sees a groove in the Zen, begin- 
ning at the point where the door 
stopped and running to the left 
postzs; up this postis a groove runs 
to the lintel; in the lintel a groove 
runs to the right, directly above 
that in the men; this stops over 
the point at which the groove be- 
gins in the threshold. In these 
grooves slid the board shutters. — 
hinc et inde: ie. to right and to 
left. 

13. me: ie. ‘my works’; cf. 
omnis... poetas, 12. — Nec roges: 
‘without a word from you the book- 
seller will hand you my poems, for 
which there is such demand that 
he has them ever within reach’. 
— Atrectum: see on I. 2. 7. 

I4. dominus: cf. Iuv. 2. 42 ze 
pudeat dominum monstrare taber- 
nae. 

15. nido: zzdus prop. =‘anest’, 
then any small receptacle; here it 
= capsa,armarium, loculamentum, 
pigeonhole. The reference may, 
however, be to shelves between 
floor and ceiling; cf.7.17.5. In 
the shops at Pompeii one often 
sees a small set of shelves arranged 
like a staircase (sca/a) on one side 
of the counter, evidently meant as 
a repository for articles much in 
demand — weights, measures, etc. 


I. 117. 18] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 53 


rasum pumice purpuraque cultum 
denaris tibi quinque Martialem. 
“Tanti non es " ais? Sapis, Luperce. 


16. On the cost of this edition 
see on I. 66. 10-11. 

17. denaris: the denarius, the 
silver coin most in use, which 
originally — 10 asses (— 4.55 gr. — 
18 to 20 cents), steadily decreased 
in weight and value, until at this 
time it contained only 3.41 gr., and 
was worth only about 12 cents. 
See Hultsch 269; 311. Note the 
form; the contraction of -zs to 
-7s in dat. and abl. pl. of the first 
two declensions is attested by 


inscriptions and by Mss. of vari- 
ous authors (including Cicero); 
see Neue-Wagener, Formenlehre, 
I. 47; I. 189-19o. 

18. Note the play on words. 
‘You are not worth so much’, 
Lupercus said of the book and 
its contents; M. humorously re- 
fers it to his financial condition. — 
Sapis, you have sense, is (1) iron- 
ical; (2) serious, ‘you are right; I 
am poor, and so loath to lend my 
books’, 


LIBER II 


I 


Ter centena quidem poteras epigrammata ferre : 
sed quis te ferret perlegeretque, liber ? 

At nunc succincti quae sint bona disce libelli. 
Hoc primum est, brevior quod mihi charta perit ; 


deinde, quod haec una peragit librarius hora, 


nec tantum nugis serviet ille meis ; 
tertia res haec est, quod, si cui forte legeris, 
sis licet usque malus, non odiosus eris. 


I. M. congratulates his book 
on its brevity, instancing three 
advantages possessed by a short 
book. Brevity, however, he con- 
tinues, though a virtue, would not 
alone redeem it from faults.— Me- 
ter: § 48. 

1. Ter centena: see on I. 43. 1. 
— poteras: as in 1. 3. 12; see note 
there. — ferre, carry the burden of. 
Book II has but 93 epigrams; 
Book I has 118, the highest num- 
berin any of the first twelve books. 

2. ferret: a pun on ferre, I. 
Vss. 1-2 constitute in sense a con- 
trary-to-fact conditional sentence, 
si ter centena epigrammata, ferres, 
quis te, etc. 

3. succincti: this word is said 
prop. of one who has girded up 
his flowing garments for easy or 
rapid movement; it was used, then, 
probably, of the garments tucked 
up, ‘shortened’, so to say; then, 
as here, it signified condensed, brief. 


54 


4. brevior...charta, less 
paper. The papyrus strip neces- 
sary for Book II would be literally 
shorter than that needed for Book 
I.— charta: see 1. 25. 7 N.; cf. 
6. 64. 22-23 audes praeterea quos 
nullus noverit in me scribere versi- 
culos miseras et perdere chartas. 

5. haec: sc. epigrammata. — 
una...hora: hardly to be taken 
literally. — peragit: ie. copies 
out; cf. Eng. ‘drive through’ a 
piece of work. — librarius, copyzst, 
one of the skilled slaves of the 
publisher; see Marq. 825. 

6. nec...serviet: ie. ‘he will 
not have to slave so much over 
my book'.— nugis: see on 1. 
113.6. 

7. si... legeris: the ancients 
systematically read aloud; works 
were often read aloud to them by 
slaves; cf.e.g. Nep. Att. 13. 3; Plin. 
Ep. 3. 5. 12; Norden, Antike Kunst- 
prosa, 6. 


z. 5. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


55 


Te conviva leget mixto quincunce, sed ante 


IO 


incipiat positus quam tepuisse calix. 


Esse tibi tanta cautus brevitate videris ? 
Ei mihi, quam multis sic quoque longus eris i 


5 


Ne valeam, si non totis, Deciane, diebus 
et tecum totis noctibus esse velim. 
Sed duo sunt quae nos disiungunt milia passum : 
quattuor haec fiunt, cum rediturus eam. 
5 Saepe domi non es, cum sis quoque saepe negaris : 
vel tantum causis vel tibi saepe vacas. 


9-ro. conviva leget: on the 
amusements, intellectual and other- 
wise, introduced during the comzs- 
satio of the cexa see Marq. 337 ff.; 
Beck. 3. 373 ff. — quincunce: see 
onI.27.2. Wine was mixed with 
ice or snow (see on 5. 64. 2) or with 
hot water (ca/da), according to 
taste, age, or time of the year; cf. 
Beck. 3. 430; 3. 441; Marq. 332-333. 
Mixto quincunce = postquam quin- 
cunx mixtus est. — positus: see on 
I. 43. 2. — quam: for position see 
on zec, Lib. Spect. 1.2. — tepuisse 
(from, zepesco), to cool; the verb 
more often = ‘to become tepid’. 
Book II is so short, says M., that 
though the guest does not begin it 
until his drink has been mixed, he 
will have finished the book before 
the mixture cools off. For the 
tense see on eripuisse, 1. 107. 6. — 
calix: a kind of foculum. 

1I. cautus, protected, from un- 
friendly criticism. 

12. quam: with zzztzs, not with 
longus.— sic quoque: ie. ‘short 
as you are!’ Cf. r. 5. 

5. ‘I esteem you as a friend, 
Decianus; yea, I would gladly live 
with you, but the trials of a.client 


are enough to break any friend- 
ship’. For Decianus see on 1. 61. 
10. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Ne valeam, si: cf. 4. 31. 3 
ze valeam st non res est gratissima 
nobis, A commoner way of ex- 
pressing this idea is dispeream si 
non, etc.. cf. e.g. I. 39. 8; 2. 69. 2 
See GL. 263, 1, N. — totis... die- 
bus: for the abl. of duration see A. 
424, b; GL. 393, Rem. 2; L. 1355. 
'The usage is common in phrases 
involving ¢ofws or its equivalent; 
cf. e.g. 4. 54. 3. 

3. passum = fassuum; so 
often. The shorter form of the 
gen. pl. of the fourth declension 
is attested by the Roman gram- 
marians and by good Mss., even 
of Cicero. 

5. domi non es: Decianus is 
either out of town, or a polite lie 
is told by his slave; cf. 5. 22. 9-10; 
9. 6; and esp. Cic. De Or. 2. 68. 
276.— negaris perhaps implies 
rudeness on the part of the slaves. 

6. tantum ... vacas: the ex- 
cuse of the ost/ar7us. — causis: i.e. 
of his clients. Either Decianus 
was a causidicus and was preparing 
a case or he had time only (Zaz£uz:) 


56 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2-5-7 


Te tamen ut videam, duo milia non piget ire: 
ut te non videam, quattuor ire piget. 


Declamas belle, causas agis, Attice, belle, 
historias bellas, carmina bella facis, 
componis belle mimos, epigrammata belle, 
bellus grammaticus, bellus es astrologus, 
5 et belle cantas et saltas, Attice, belle, 


for such clients as needed legal 
advice; to give such advice had 
been from very early times a duty 
of the patron. — tibi: M. charges 
Decianus with selfishness; the sa- 
Iutatío must have been at times 
little, if at all, less irksome to pa- 
tron than to clients. 

8. non goes closely with videam, 
andso may stand in the final clause: 
*to fail to see you I'm loath to go 
four miles’. See A. 531, I, N. 2; 
GL. 545, Rem. 2; L. 1947. 

7- M. holds up to scom the 
magnus ardalio, a jack of all trades 
who did everything de/e, but noth- 
ing well. Cf.1. 9, with notes; 3.63. 
— Meter: § 48. 

I. causas agis, you plead in 
court; declamas refers rather to 
practice speaking in the schools 
of rhetoric or in private; cf. 1. 79. 1. 
— Attice: a Greek freedman; cf. 
luv. 3. 75-80 quemvis hominem 
secum attulit ad nos: grammaticus, 
rhetor, geometres, pictor, aliptes, au- 
gur, schoenobates, medicus, magus, 
omia novit Graeculus esuriens ; in 
caelum tusseris, ibit. 

2. carmina, lyric poems; cf. 
e.g. Hor. Ep. z. 2. 91 carmina com- 
pono, hic elegos. 

3. mimos: from the end of the 
Republic the mus gradually sup- 
planted the regular drama, main- 


taining its popularity down to the 
end of the Empire. As a literary 
form it had been popularized 
especially by D. Laberius (about 
105-43 B.C.) and Publilius Syrus; 
the latter was at the height of his 
popularity about the time of his 
rival’s death. See Teuffel $ 8.— 
epigrammata: cf. 7.85. 3-4. 

4. grammaticus, a philologist, 
or rather, perhaps, a “itterateur; 
the grammaztici often lectured on 
the masterpieces of literature, esp. 
of poetry. See Sandys Hist. of 
Class. Scholarship 6-9. — astrolo- 
gus: an interpreter of the stars, 
astrologer. The word often also 
= ‘astronomer’; astronomy and 
astrology were not differentiated 
until the seventh century A.D. and 
astronomy did not rid itself of 
astrology until after the time of 
Copernicus(1473-1543). Belief in 
astrology, fostered by the court, 
was common under the Empire and 
seems to have been recognized in the 
Schools. See Iuv. 6. 553 ff.; Fried. 
SG. 1. 132; 1. 362 ff.; 1. 508-509. 

5. saltas: prob. in pantomime; 
cf. Hor. S. 1. 5.63 pastorem saltaret 
uti Cycloba rogabat. Dancing was 
unbecoming to a Roman gentle- 
man: see Cic. Mur. 6. 13 emo enim 
Jere saltat sobrius nisi forte insanit; 
Hor. S. 2. 1. 24-25. Singing, too, 


* 


z. II. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 57 


bellus es arte lyrae, bellus es arte pilae. 
Nil bene cum facias, facias tamen omnia belle, 
vis dicam quid sis? magnus es ardalio. 


Quod fronte Selium nubila vides, Rufe, 
quod ambulator porticum terit seram, 
lugubre quiddam quod tacet piger voltus, 


was improper; see e.g. Nep. Praef. 
Further, to appear in any public 
spectacle to amuse a crowd in- 
volved loss of caste, esp. if done 
for pay; actors, etc., were under 
serious civil disabilities. 

6. arte pilae: for ball-playing 
see Beck. 3.171 ff.; Marq. 841 ff.; 
Smith D. of A. s.v. PZa. 

7. bene... belle: cf. 10. 46. 
1-2 omnia vis belle, Mato, dicere. 
Dic aliquando et bene. 

8. vis dicam: see on ws mit- 
lam,1.117.2.— magnus . . . ar- 
dalio, @ great idle busybody; cf. 
Gloss. Laber. ar-delio, rohurpaypwr; 
Gell 11.16. Plin. Ep. 1. 9 bitterly 
enumerates the offcza that consume 
his time in Rome; the azdaZio con- 
tentedly makes a life business of 
such things. Cf. 4.78.9-10; Phaedr. 
2. $. I-4, cited in 1. 79. Introd.; 
Fried. SG. 1. 410 ff. 

II. Besides the legacy-hunters 
(1. 10) and the azZaZenes (2. 7) 
the dinner-hunters ( farasiti, scur- 
rae, laudicent) formed a distinct 
class of professional hangers-on. 
Cf. Plaut. Cap. 75-77; Plin. Ep. 
2.14.5. Of such spongers Selius 
is typical; cf. z. 14; 2.69; 2. 27 
laudantem Selium cenae cum retia 
tendit accipe, sive legas sive patronus 
agas: Effecte! graviter! cito! ne- 
quiter! euge! beate! hoc volui! Facta 
est iam tibi cena: lace. — Meter: § 52. 


I. Quod: freely, ‘though’; lit. 
as to the fact that. See A.572,4; 
GL. 525, 2, N. 3; L. 1844; 1845.— 
Rufe: see 2. 29. 

2. ambulator: freely,‘by cease- 
less promenading'; cf. Cato R.R. 
5.2 vilicus ne sitambulater. Foran- 
other use of the word cf. 1. 41. 3 N. 
— porticum terit: under the Em- 
pire the colonnades held a very im- 
portant place in the life of Rome, 
forming a network that almost cov- 
ered large portions of thecity. See 
2.14. 5- ION.; Lanciani Anc. R. 94— 
IOO. — terit: hyperbolical; cf. 3. 
20. IO-1I porticum ferit templi an 
spatia carpit lentus Argonautarum? 
Stat. Silv. 4. 6. 2-4 cum patulis tere- 
vem vagus otia Saeptis iam moriente 
die, rapuit me cena benigni Vindicis. 
— seram: transferred epithet ; the 
word belongs logically with azéz- 
lator. It can be best rendered by 
‘in the last hours of the day’. Cf. 
2. 14. 16, and orzente die in the 
passage just cited from Statius. 

3. His countenance shows a 
grief too deep for utterance (Zacet), 
befitting some terrible calamity. — 
quiddam: acc.; see A. 388,a; GL. 
330, Rem., and N. 2; 333, 1, N. 1; 
L.1139.— piger: characteristically 
dull, or, better, without its usual 
hopeful look. Translate: ‘ His face 
is dull and full of some voiceless 
agony’. 


58 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2. 11. 4 


quod paene terram nasus indecens tangit, 
5 quod dextra pectus pulsat et comam vellit, 

non ille amici fata luget aut fratris, 

uterque natus vivit et precor vivat, 

salva est et uxor sarcinaeque servique, 


nihil colonus vilicusque decoxit. 
19 Maeroris igitur causa quae? domi cenat. 


Nil intemptatum Selius, nil linquit inausum, 
cenandum quotiens iam videt esse domi. 
Currit ad Europen et te, Pauline, tuosque 
laudat Achilleos, sed sine fine, pedes. 
5 Sinihil Europe fecit, tum Saepta petuntur, 


4-5. terram . . . tangit: Selius 
is bowed to the earth by grief. — 
indecens, zg/y. — pectus pulsat: 
as if at a funeral; cf. Tac. Ann. i. 
23. 1 incendebat haec fletu et pectus 
atque os manibus verberans. —co- 
mam vellit: a common expression 
of profound grief; cf. e.g. Ov. Tr. 
3. 3+ 51 parce tamen lacerare genas 
nec scinde capillos. 

6. fata: see on 1. 42. 1. 

8. et, /vo, even, implies that the 
loss of the wife, who is mentioned 
in close connection with the chat- 
tels and the slaves, would not be 
so serious after all.—sarcinag: 
goods and chattels; traps would 
give the right tone. 

9. nihil... decoxit, Aas wasted 
nothing, by neglect or wantonness. 
decoquere prop.=‘diminish(reduce) 
by boiling’. Ifdone unskillfully this 
process involves waste; hence de- 
coquere = ‘waste’, se decoquere = 
“become bankrupt’. 

10. domi cenat: to Selius the 
worst possible misfortune; he has 
not been invited out. Cf. 3. 50. 10; 


5. 47. I5 5. 78. 1-2 sz tristi domi- 
cento laboras, Torani, potes esurire 
mecum., 

I4. Cf. 2. 11, with notes. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

1. Nil... inausum: cf. Hor. 
A. P. 285; Verg. A. 7. 308. 

3-4. Europen: the Porticus Eu- 
ropae, which took its name from 
some work of art representing the 
rape of Europe by Jupiter disguised 
as a bull. It was in the Campus 
Martius, but its exact location is 
unknown; see Platner 356; Becker 
Top. R. 596; Burm Joum. of Phil. 
Io. 6; Baumeister 1513. — Pau- 
line: unknown. Forathletic exer- 
cises in the Campus Martius see 
e.g. Hor. C. 1.8. — tuos... pedes: 
Selius makes a second Achilles out 
of this Roman runner. In Homer 
Achilles is zóóas wks, ekémovs, and 
a stock type of manly beauty and 
strength; see Otto s.v. Achilles. 
Cf. 12. 82. 9-10. — sed: see on 1. 
43. 9. 

5. Saepta: the Saepta Iulia, 
built of marble, to take the place 


2. 14. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 59 


si quid Phillyrides praestet et Aesonides. 
Hinc quoque deceptus Memphitica templa frequentat 
adsidet et cathedris, maesta iuvenca, tuis. 
Inde petit centum pendentia tecta columnis, 
10 illinc Pompei dona nemusque duplex. 
Nec Fortunati spernit nec balnea Fausti, 


of the primitive Ovile, or voting- 
place of the centuries. See Plat- 
ner 327; 364—366. When there was 
no longer need of a popular voting- 
place, the Saepta was used first for 
Judi of various kinds. Later it be- 
camea fashionable shopping-place; 
forthis purposeit was well adapted, 
since it consisted of a succession 
of arcades flanking the Via Lata. 
Cf. 9. 59. 

6. The Porticus Argonautarum 
lay a little north of the Saepta, 5. 
It was distinguished by frescoes 
representing the Argonautic Expe- 
dition. — Phillyrides: Chiron,the 
famous Centaur, son of Saturn and 
the nymph Phillyra. As tutor of 
Jason he might have a place in the 
frescoes.—Aesonideg: Jason, son 
of Aeson, leader of the Argonauts. 

7. Memphitica templa — 
Aegyptia templa, the temple of Isis 
and Serapis in the Campus Martius, 
west of the Saepta; Platner 339- 
340.— frequentat: he makes one 
of the throng (see on freguens, 5. 13. 
3) or, unwilling to give up, re- 
peatedly returns thither. 

8. adsidet, pays court to, hangs 
around, the women, the especial 

. devotees of Isis and Serapis (see 
Marq.-Wissowa 3. 78ft.), who occu- 
pied the cathedrae.— cathedris : 
cf, 1. 76.13 N.; 3. 63. 7; Marg. 726. 
— maesta iuvenca: since Isis 
was frequently represented with a 
cow's horns, and the cow was sym- 
bolic of her, she is naturally con- 
fused with the Greek Io, who was 


believed to have finally regained 
her human shape in Egypt; indeed, 
Io is sometimes spoken of as wed- 
ding Osiris, husband of Isis. Cf. 
8.81. 2-4; 10. 48.1; Ov. A. A. 1. 77 
nec fuge linigerae Memphitica tem- 
Ja tuvencae. — maesta, if said of 
Isis, refers to her grief over the 
murder and loss of Osiris; if said 
of Io, it refers to her persecution 


by Juno. 
9. centum .... columnis: per- 
haps the  Hecatostylon, which 


seems to have been a structure 
connected with the Porticus Pom- 
pei; Platner 354. The forticus 
itself was on the east side of the 
stage of the Theatrum Pompei. Cf. 
3.19. I-2 proxima centenis osten- 
ditur ursa columnis, exornant fictae 
qua platanona ferae. — pendentia: 
see on Lib. Spect. 1. 5. 

10. Pompei dona: presumably 
the Porticus Pompei rather than 
the Theatrum Pompei.— nemus 

. duplex: evidently a part of 
the 2erfzus or contiguous to it. 
An inside double row of trees may 
have extended down the length of 
the forticus or have led up to it; 
Platner 353. The portico is com- 
monly called Pompeia umbra: cf. 
II. 47. 3 cur nec Pompeia lentus 
spatiatur n umbra; Ov. A. A. 1.67; 
Prop. 4. 8. 75-76. 

II-I2. Spernit: these were in- 
ferior baths; yet Selius visits them 
all.— balnea: baths managed by 
private individuals; they did not 
necessarily differ in kind from the 


60 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[? 14. 12 


nec Grylli tenebras Aeoliamque Lupi, 
nam thermis iterumque iterumque iterumque lavatur. 
Omnia cum fecit, sed renuente deo, 
15 lotus ad Europes tepidae buxeta recurrit, 
si quis ibi serum carpat amicus iter. 
Per te perque tuam, vector lascive, puellam, 
ad cenam Selium tu, rogo, taure, voca. 


16 


Zoilus aegrotat : faciunt hanc stragula febrem ; 


great public Zzerzzae,of which there 
were at this time three in Rome. 
— Grylli tenebras: cf. 1. 59. 3 
redde Lupi nobis tenebrosaque bat- 
nea Grylli. Tenebrae is used else- 
where for a dark, forbidding place; 
cf. Iuv. 3. 225; Prop. 3. 15. 17. — 
Aeoliam . . . Lupi: humorous; 
Lupus's baths were draughty,a ver- 
itable cave of the winds. But 4eoZia 
may have been a popular name 
of these baths, based on a picture 
of Aeolus's cave which served asa 
sign-board (Fried.). 

13. See App. — thermis = da/- 
nea, 11; local abl, or, perhaps, 
instr. abl. In the latter case sc. 
aquis. 

14. Omnia...fecit: ie. has 
left no stone unturned; cf. Petr. 
II5 quae ergo dementia est omnia 
Sacere, ne quid de nobis relinguat se- 
pultura ? —renuente deo: i.e. in 
vain; cf. Tib. 1. 5. 19-20 at mihi 
felicem. vitam, si salva fuisses, fin- 
gebam demens, sed renuente deo. 

15. lotus: freely, ‘from the 
baths’. — tepidae: warmed by 
the rays of the (winter) sun; cf. 3. 
20. 12-14 an delicatae sole rursus 
KEuropae inter tepentes post meri- 
diem buxos sedet ? — buxeta: cf.3. 
20. 13, cited on /e?zdae above; Plin. 
Ep. 5. 6. 16 ante porticum xystus in 


plurimas species distinctus concisus- 
que buxo. 

16. serum. . 
ram, 2. 11. 2. 

ry. vector lascive: Jupiter, 
seen in the fresco as the bull who 
carried off Europe. 

18. ad cenam... voca: ‘invite 
him to yourself (in the arena) and, 
tossing him, make an end of him’. 
M. means that a good way to rid 
Rome of such a nuisance would be 
to make a dummy (2Z/a) of him 
and throw that to a bull in the 
amphitheater. For this sport cf. 
Lib. Spect. 22. 6 zactat ut inpositas 
taurus in astra pilas, 2. 43. 5.— 


. iter: see on se- 


rogo: for the paratactic use cf. e.g. 


2. 80. 2. 

16. M.repeatedly mentions Zo- 
ilus as a parvenu, vile, vulgar, rich, 
vain. In 5. 79 he makes Zoilus 
change his dinnerrobe eleven 
times during a single dinner. Cf. 
2. 19; 2.58; 11. 92. Thename may 
be fictitious; $ 38. — Meter: $48. . 

1. aegrotat: ironical; Zoilus's 
sickness is feigned.— stragula, 
coverlets laid upon the mattress 
(torus, culctta), which in turn rested 
on straps ( fasciae, institae, lora); 
cf. pallia, 1. 100. 11 N.; 14. 147. I 
stragula purpureis lucent villosa 
tapetis; Beck. 2. 330 ff. 


2. 18. 5] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


61 


si fuerit sanus, coccina quid facient ? 
quid torus a Nilo, quid Sidone tinctus olenti ? 
ostendit stultas quid nisi morbus opes ? 
5 quid tibi cum medicis ? dimitte Machaonas omnis: 
vis fieri sanus? stragula sume mea. 


18 


Capto tuam, pudet heu, sed capto, Maxime, cenam, 
tu captas aliam : iam sumus ergo pares. 
Mane salutatum venio, tu diceris isse 
ante salutatum : iam sumus ergo pares. 
5 Sum comes ipse tuus tumidique anteambulo regis, 


2. sanus, we//; cf. 6. 84. 1-2 
octaphoro sanus portatur, Avite, 
Philippus. Hunc tu si sanum cre- 
dis, Avite, furis; luv. 6. 235-236 
tune corpore sano advocat Archi- 
genen (a physician) ozerosaque pal- 
Jia iactat. — coccina: the stragula; 
cf. 2. 43. 8. — quid facient? = m7/ 
facient; they would not be seen at 
all by ordinary visitors to the house. 

3. torus a Nilo: Damascus in 
Syria and Antinopolis in Egypt 
were famous for the manufacture 
of mattresses and pillows. — Si- 
dóne = purpura, murice (me- 
tonymy). Tyre and Sidon were 
especially famous for purple dye; 
Cf. 11. 1. 2 (der) cultus Sidone non 
cotidiana(see on 3.2.10). So Zyros 
is used in 2. 29. 3; 6. 11.7. — olenti: 
Tyrian purple emitted a peculiar 
odor, which was especially pro- 
nounced in the case of the finer 
cloths, because these were repeat- 
edly dipped in the dye; cf. 1. 49. 32 
olidaeque vestes murice; 4.4.6 bis 
murice vellus znquinatum. 

5. Machaonas = medicos; Ma- 
chaon was a son of Aesculapius. 

6. fieri sanus involves a play 
on the two senses of saus, welland 


rational.—stragula...mea: they 
aresomean that Zoilus would never 
be tempted to repeat his trick. 

18. ‘My condition as cHens is 
hard enough; I decline to be chens 
to a cliens’. — Meter: § 48. 

1, Capto...cenam: theclient 
hoped to be invited occasionally 
to a cena popularis (cf. 1.20; 1.43). 
M. humorously classes himself 
with the legacy-hunters (2. 11; 2. 14) 
though his game is small See 
Marq. 204 ff.; Petr. 3 (adulatores) 

..cenas divitum. captant. — For 
the meter see $ 54, b. 

2. captas aliam: though a pa- 
tronus to M. and others, Maximus 
was in turn a cZezs to others above 
him; cf. 10. 10; Iuv. 1. 95-111; 3. 
126-130. — ergo: M. and Iuv. are 
prone to this use of ergo; cf. e.g. 
luv. 3. 104 on sumus ergo pares. 

3. Mane salutatum: see 1.70. 
Introd.; 1.55.6 e? matutinum por- 
tat ineptus * Have"; 4. 8. 1; luv. 5. 
19-23; 3. 126-130; Hor. S. 1. 1. 
9-10; Knapp A. J. P. 18. 329. — 
diceris: sc. by the ostiarius; cf. 
2. 5. 5-8. 

5. comes: it flattered the pride 
of the patron to have his clients 


62 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2. 18. 6 


tu comes alterius: iam sumus ergo pares. 
Esse sat est servum, iam nolo vicarius esse : 
qui rex est, regem, Maxime, non habeat. 


Felicem fieri credis me, Zoile, cena? 
felicem cena, Zoile, deinde tua ? 

debet Aricino conviva recumbere clivo, 
quem tua felicem, Zoile, cena facit. 


20 


Carmina Paulus emit, recitat sua carmina Paulus, 


attend him to the forum, etc.; cf. 
9. 22. 10; Iuv. 7. 141-143; IO. 44- 
46 hinc praecedentia longi agminis 
officia et niveos ad frena Quirites 
defossa in loculos quos sportula fecit 
amicos. Comes may, however, be 
used here of the single companion 
who walked on the left, or unpro- 
tected, side of the great man; cf. 
9. 100. 3 (me tubes) haerere tuo £a- 
teri, praecedere sellam.—tumidi... 
regis: the patron was styled dozi- 
nus and rex (perhaps originally in 
this sense slang terms of the sezzio 
familiaris); cf. 4. 40. 9 serum est 
alium mihi quaerere regem ,; Luv. 
1.136 rex horum vacuis . . . loristan- 
tum ipse iacebit. In comedy rex is 
used of the patron of the parasites. 
— anteambulo: for -ó see $ 54, c. 

7. Servum repeats the idea of 
tumidi ... regis, 5; the anteambu- 
lones proper were slaves. — vica- 
rius: an under-slave controlled or 
owned by another slave (ordina- 
rius),; cf. Hor. S. z. 7. 79-80 sive 
Vicarius est qui servo paret, uti mos 
vester ait, seu conservus; Beck. 2. 
133 ff. 

8. non habeat: this form (in- 
stead of ze habeat) is not uncom- 
mon in Silver Latin, both in prose 


and verse. Cf. note on zzc, Lib. 
Spect. 1. 2; L. 1547. 

IQ. See Introd. to 2. 11; z. 16. 
— Meter: $48. 

2. deinde: freely, ‘further’, 
‘nay, more’. Strictly, the sense is: 
*after holding the view suggested 
int’. 

3-4. debet...facit: ie. the 
ought to turn beggar, for only a 
beggar would enjoy your dinner’. 
— Aricino...clivo: beggars took 
advantage of the fact that vehicles 
found it hard to climb the ascent of 
the Via Appia near Aricia, sixteen 
miles south of Rome; many visit- 
ors came to the shrine of Diana at 
Lake Nemi, three miles distant. 
C£. 12. 32. 10 migrare clivum cre- 
deres Aricinum; luv. 4. 116—118 
caecus adulator ... dignus Aricinos 
qui mendicaret ad axes blandaque 
devexae iactaret basia raedae. — 
conviva: pred. nom. — recum- 
bere: ironical; the beggar, possi- 
bly feigning inability to walk, lies 
on the hill, as a guest lies on the 
lectus tricliniaris. 

20. On Paulus's titleto his Car- 
mina. Cf.r. 29; 12.47.— Meter: $48. 

i. Carmina... emit: ie. 
he buys a copy of M.s Carmina; 


2. 29. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 63 


nam quod emas possis iure vocare tuum. 


Rufe, vides illum subsellia prima terentem 


b 


cuius et hinc lucet sardonychata manus 
quaeque Tyron totiens epotavere lacernae 
et toga non tactas vincere iussa nives, 


perhaps M. himself, perhaps his 
booksellers (see on 1. 2. 7) sold it. 
See 2. 7. 2 N.; Fried. SG. 3. 46o0- 
461.— sua: they are legally, if 
not morally, his; cf. 6. 12. 1-2 
turat capillos esse quos emit suos 
Fübulla; numquid, Paule, perierat? 
Sen. Ben. 7. 6. 1. 

29. The decay of the old fami- 
lies was the opportunity of the 
freedmen; see Fried. SG. r. 392 ff. 
Court favor and immense wealth 
gave them entrance to the best 
society. They were only too anx- 
ious to hide whatever might recall 
their former servile condition. If 
^as slaves they had been branded 
in a conspicuous place, recourse 
was had to surgical aid to remove 
these marks (stigmata), or, if that 
failed, ‘beauty plasters’ (splenza, 
9) were worn. The parvenu of 
this epigram was doubtless typical 
of the Abertinus of the day, proud, 
forward, dressed in extremest fash- 
ion, and jealous of his rights. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1. It would be possible to print 
I-9 as .a question. — subsellia 
prima: i.e. the place reserved for 
the highest class (senators). See 
5. 14, with the notes. — terentem 
marks the uneasiness of one claim- 
ing privileges that did not belong 
to him, or else his desire to attract 
attention by frequent changes of 
attitude. 

2. ethinc:ie.'evenfrom where 
we are sitting’; freely, ‘even at this 


distance’. M., who had the rights 
of an eques ($8), was prob. with 
Rufus in one of the fourteen rows 
back of the senatorial places in 
the orchestra, but well across the 
theater from the parvenu, wher- 
ever the latter may have been 
sitting. — sardonychata manus: 
great extravagance in rings was 
common; rings set with the sar- 
donyx were at this time much 
esteemed. Sardonychatus seems 
to have originated in the sermo 
plebeius; see Cooper 320. 

3. Tyron: see on 2.16. 3.— 
totiens epotavere: for fotzens see 
on olenti, 2.16. 3. For the hyper- 
bole in epotavere cf. Iuv. 10. 176 
credimus .. . epota (esse). . . fumina 
Medo prandente. —lacernae: sc. 
lucent. The Jacerna was often worn 
over the toga, sometimes in place 
of it; when of a brilliant hue it 
relieved the plain white of the 
toga. The pl may be Z/urals 
maiestatis, perhaps, however, the 
man wore several /acerzae. See 
Beck. 3. 218 ff. 

4. toga ...nives: the toga had 
to be worn on formal occasions (e.g. 
in the law courts, at the sa/utatzo, 
in the theater and the circus) and 
good form required that it be kept 
white (see on 1. 103. 5); cf. 5. 37.6; 
Iuv. 10. 44-45 Aime praecedentia 
longi agminis officia et niveos ad 
rena Quirites. Forthe discomfort 
incident to wearing the toga see 
on 3. 63. 10; 10.47. 5. — non tactas 


64 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2. 29. 5 


5 cuius olet toto pinguis coma Marcelliano 
et splendent volso bracchia trita pilo, 
non hesterna sedet lunata lingula planta, 
coccina non laesum pingit aluta pedem, 
et numerosa linunt stellantem splenia frontem. 
Io Ignoras quid sit? splenia tolle: leges. 


30 


Mutua viginti sestertia forte rogabam, 


... nives: cf. Ov. Pont. 2. 5. 37-38 
tua pectora lacte et non calcata candi- 
diora nive. See on 5.37.6; 12.82. 7. 

5. olet. . . Marcelliano: per- 
fume and pomade were much used 
by the dandy of M.’s time; cf. 6. 55. 
— Marcelliano: sc. ¢heatro. The 
ruins of the Theater of Marcellus 
stand at the southern end of the 
Campus Martius, between the Cap- 
itoline and the Tiber; see Schnei- 
der, PlateIX, 7. Notethesynizesis. 
See App. 

6. volso... pilo: the cause of 
splendent (cf. 2. 36. 2); pio is col- 
lective singular. Removal of hair 
was sometimes effected by extrac- 
tion (cf. 3. 63. 6; 9. 27. 4), but the 
use of depilatories was common. 

7. non hesterna = hodierna, 
brand-new. —]lunata ... planta: 
planta prop. — foot', then sZoe(me- 
tonymy); cf. Sil. 6. 212 quadrupe- 
dem planta (= calcare) fodiens. An 
ivory crescent was worn on the ca/ 
ceus patricius (see on 8); it rested 
on the ankle and so was called 
by the Greeks émis@upiov. Since it 
served as an ornament and to mark 
the rank of the wearer, we may con- 
clude that it was on the front of 
the shoe; see Marq. 589 ff. — lin- 
gula, shoe-latchet. 

8. coccina . . . aluta: M. 
seems to be thinking of the calceus 


patricius or mulleus, a shoe of red 
leather, which came up high at the 
back of the foot; it was provided 
with little hooks (zzaZ/eozz), under 
oraround which the black corr7giae 
(‘laces’) were wound. Cf. Marq. 
589; Mommsen Staats. 3.888; Miil- 
ler Die Tracht. d. R. 35 ff.; Smith 
D. of A. 1. 334. — pingit = ornat, 
adorns, without pinching (zoz Jae- 
sum pedem).— aluta: fine leather, 
prepared by being treated with 
alum, and dyed red (with coccum, 
the oak gall of the scarlet oak). 
See Smith D. of A. s.v. Corzarzus. 

9. numerosa...frontem: so 
many are the beauty plasters on his 
face (he had been often branded; 
see Introd.) that his face reminds . 
one of the starry firmament; his ~ 
whole forehead is one daub (Z- 
nunt).—splenia: cf. 8. 33. 22 Za//a 
lunata splenia fronte sedent; 10. 
22.1 cur spleniato saepe prodeam 
mento, 

10. quid sit, what 7 means, ie. 
why he. wears these plasters. — 
tolle: see on 1. 70. 3 quaeris iter? 
—leges: sc. FUR or FUG. 
(= fugitivus). 

30. ‘Advice is cheap —and un- 
welcome, when it is an excuse for 
meanness’. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Mutua: pred.acc.; cf. 6.20. 1 
mutua te centum sestertia, Phoebe, 


2. 36. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 65 


quae vel donanti non grave munus erat, 
quippe rogabatur felixque vetusque sodalis 
et cuius laxas arca flagellat opes. 
s Is mihi “Dives eris, si causas egeris" inquit. 
Quod peto da, Gai: non peto consilium. 


i 


36 


Flectere te nolim, sed nec turbare capillos ; 
splendida sit nolo, sordida nolo cutis; 
nec tibi mitrarum nec sit tibi barba reorum: 


rogavi. The word is used espe- 
cially of loans without interest. — 
viginti sestertia = 20,000 seszezzi7. 
Distinguish sestertium and sester- 
tius; the former is a sum of money 
(1000 sestertzz), the latter a coin; 
see on I. 103. 1; Harper's Latin 
Dictionary, s.v. sestertzus, B, 3, c. 

2. vel donanti, evez if he were 
presenting it. 

3. quippe = zam, enim. — ro- 
gabatur, etc., che man to whom [ 
was appealing was, etc. See App. 

4. arca: see on 1. 76. 5. —laxas 
... Opes: the chest is so full that 
when one tries to shut down the 
cover it ‘flogs’ the coins; cf. 5. 13.6; 
3- 41. 2 ex opibus tantis quas gravis 
arca premit, Stat. Silv. 2. 2. 150- 
1§1 non fibi sepositas infelix stran- 
gulatarca divitias. Laxas=roomy, 
spreading, and so ample; the vs. = 
‘whose wealth is so ample that 
(the cover of) his strong box fairly 
beats it’. 

5. si causas egeris: cf. I. 17. 
1—2 cogit me Titus actitare causas 
et dicit mihi saepe ‘Magna res est” ; 
1. 76. 11-12. 

6. Gai: dissyllabic; cf. 10. 17. 1; 
F. D. Allen Harv. Stud. 2. 75. — 
consilium, advice. 

36. ‘True manliness is not so 
much a matter of clothes and body 


as of soul and spirit'. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. Flectere, curd, with pecten or 
calamistrum; ‘1 would not have 
you be a woman or a dandy'. Cf. 
3. 63. 3; Spart. Had. 26 satura fuit 
procerus, forma comptus, ffexo ad 
pectinem capillo. — nolim: con- 
trast z0/o, 2; M. becomes more 
emphatic as he goes along. — nec, 
also... mot. There is a fusion of 
nec flectere te nec turbare velim and 
(aut) flectere te aut turbare nolim. 
— turbare capillos: i.e.in order to 
look like a rustic or a man of the 
olden time. Cf. Hor. C. 1. 12. 41 
incomptis Curium capillis; Ov. 
A. A. 2. 169 me memzni iratum do- 
minae turbasse capillos. 

2. splendida: cf. 2. 29. 6. — 
nolo ...noló: on the quantity see 
§ 54, b. — sordida: i.e. neglected. 

3. nec...nec: see on Lib. 
Spect. r. 2. — mitrarum: prop. 
‘turbans’, ‘headbands’, used by 
Orientals, women, effeminate men, 
and the emasculated priests of Cy- 
bele (Gadi) ; here the word denotes 
those who wear the zra, persons 
who, like the Galli, had naturally 
little or no beard, or who, like the 
dandies, used depilatories (see on 
2. 29. 6) and affected such marks 
of effeminacy as the mztra. See 


66 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[?- 36. 4 


nolo virum nimium, Pannyche, nolo parum. 


Nunc sunt crura pilis et sunt tibi pectora saetis 


horrida, sed mens est, Pannyche, volsa tibi. 


38 


Quid mihi reddat ager quaeris, Line, Nomentanus ? 
Hoc mihi reddit ager: te, Line, non video. 


41 


“ Ride si sapis, o puella, ride” 
Paelignus, puto, dixerat poeta : 
sed non dixerat omnibus puellis. 
Verum ut dixerit omnibus puellis, 


non dixit tibi: tu puella non es, 


et tres sunt tibi, Maximina, dentes, 


Marq.-Wissowa 3. 368, N. 6.— 
barba reorum: during the late 
Republic and early Empire men 
in mourning or under accusation 
allowed the beard to grow; see 
Marg. 600. 

4. virum nimium: ie. Aorri- 
dum (Domit.). — parum (vzrum): 
i.e. effeminate. 

5. pilis: with Zorrida.— sae- 
tis, bristles; cf. 6. 56.1 quod tibi 
crura rigent saetis et pectora villis, 
Sil. 5.441 et villosa feris horrebant 
pectora saetis. 

6. mens est... volsa: out- 
ward signs of rugged virtue do not 
make a man; to be a man one 
needsa manlysoul. Render, ‘your 
soul gives no token of manliness’. 
For volsa see on 2. 29. 6. 

38. M. sets forth one advan- 
tage of his Nomentanum (§ 10). 
In 7.95 a Linus is mentioned as a 
very effusive person. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. On the spondaic verse see 


$4758. 


41. ‘Maximina, though old 
enough to have lost her teeth, 
would like to pass for a simper- 
ing miss'. Cf. r. 100. — Meter: 
§ 49. 

i. Ride...ride: possibly from 
some lost hendecasyllabic poem of 
Ovid, though M. may have had 
in mind A. A. 3. 279 ff., or A. A. 3. 
5I2-513. —Ssi sapis: ie. ‘if you 
wish to win or please a lover’. 

2. Paelignus ... poeta: see 
on I, 61. 6. — dixerat: for the tense 
see on I. 107. 3. 

3-4. non... omnibus puellis: 
he spoke only to the beautiful or 
to those who still had their teeth. 
For similar verses in sequence see 
IO. 35. In this Paukstadt (25 ff.) 
sees the influence of Catullus. See 
also on r. 109. r. — ut dixerit: 
concessive, ‘granting that’, etc.; 
see A. 527, a; GL. 608; L. 1963. 

6. tres: ie. only three; cf. 1. 
72.33 3. 93. 1-2 cum tibi trecenti 
consules, Vetustilla, et tres capilli 


2. 41. 19] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 67 


sed plane piceique buxeique. 
Quare si speculo mihique credis, 
debes non aliter timere risum 


ro quam ventum Spanius manumque Priscus 


2 


quam cretata timet Fabulla nimbum, 

cerussata timet Sabella solem. 

Voltus indue tu magis severos 

quam coniunx Priami nurusque maior. 
15 Mimos ridiculi Philistionis 

et convivia nequiora vita 

et quidquid lepida procacitate 

laxat perspicuo labella risu. 

Te maestae decet adsidere matri 


quattuorque sint. dentes. — Maxi- 
mina suggests maxima natu; cf. 
then, I. 100, esp. 2. See § 38 for 
fictitious names in M. 

7. sed: as in I. 43. 9. — picei 
... buxei: black and yellow re- 
spectively. 

8. speculo: the mirror was 
commonly of polished metal, not 
of glass; see Marq. 689; 758. 

10. Spanius: some dandy who 
fears that the wind may disarrange 
his hair, carefully combed orcurled. 
Perhaps Spanius was half bald 
(see on I. 72.8). Fried. thinks the 
name was coined from eávios; see 
also Crusius Rhein. Mus. 44. 455. 
— Priscus shrinks from the touch 
of others, lest his toga or Jacerza 
besoiledordisarranged; cf. 3.63.10. 

Ir. cretata . . . Fabulla: cf. 
8. 33.17 crassior zn facie vetulae 
stat creta. Fübullae; Petr. 23 inter 
rugas malarum tantum erat cretae, 
ut putares detectum parietem nimbo 
laborare. Whiteness of skin (caz- 
dor) and blond hair were fashion- 
able at this time. On the means 
used by women to enhance their 


beauty see Marq. 786 ff.; Beck. 
3. 163 ff. 

12. cerussata...solem: 
cerussa, because of the white lead 
it contained, would be changed in 
color by a bright sun; see r. 72. 
5-6 N.; 7. 25. z. 

14. coniunx Priami: Hecuba, 
who, acc. to tradition, suffered bit- 
terly in captivity after the fall of 
Troy. Cf. Ov. M. 13. 542-544 (He- 
cuba) interdum torvos sustollit ad 
aethera vultus, nunc positi (‘dead’) 
spectat vultum, nunc vulnera nati 
(Polydorus). — nurus . . . maior: 
Andromache, wife of Hector; her 
vicissitudes after the fall of Troy 
were sad enough. 

15. Mimos . . . Philistionis: 
Philistion, a mime-writer of the 
Augustan age, seems to have come 
from Magnesia or Nicaea and to 
have written in Greek; see Teuffel 
8254.6. Forthe mzmzseeon2z. 7. 3. 

16. vita: imperative. 

19. adsidere: used technically 
of attendance on persons ill or in 
distress; cf. Hor. S. 1. 1. 80-81 sz... 
altus casus lecto te adfixit, habes qui 


68 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[?- 41. 20 


20. lugentique virum piumve fratrem, 
et tantum tragicis vacare Musis. 
At tu iudicium secuta nostrum 
plora, si sapis, o puella, plora. 


Kowa idov haec sunt, haec sunt tua, Candide, «ouwd, 
quae tu magnilocus nocte dieque sonas : 
te Lacedaemonio velat toga lota Galaeso 
vel quam seposito de grege Parma dedit, 
s at me, quae passa est furias et cornua tauri, 
noluerit dici quam pila prima suam. 


adsideat, fomenta paret. — matri: 
like Hecuba. 

20. lugenti...virum, oze who 
25 mourning, etc.,e.g. Andromache. 
— pium: because of his 7;ztas he 
merits the grief feltat his taking off. 

21. tantum, oly. — tragicis 
... Musis: rather than for the 
mimi (18). — vacare, have leisure. 

22. iudicium ... nostrum: 
*my advice is for you better than 
Ovid's’. x 

43. On a man whose benevo- 
lence began and ended in quoting 
proverbs. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Kowa idov: cf. Eur. Orest. 
735 Kowd yap rà TOv $lNwv; Ter. 
Ad. 804; Cic. Off. 1. 16. 51 zu Grae- 
corum proverbio est amicorum esse 
communia omnia; Otto s.v. Amicus. 
For M.’s use of Greek see § 33.— 
haec: the conduct mentioned in 
3-14. — haec . . . kowá is ironical. 
haec ... haec... tua are the em- 
phatic words of the vs.— Candide: 
cf. 2. 24. 5-6 (Fortuna) dat tibi divi- 
Has: ecquid sunt ista deorum? das 
partem ? multum est? Candide, das 
aliquid? 

2. magnilocus...sonas: ‘in 
pompous fashion you unceasingly 


refer to your (intended) benevo- 
lence’. 

3. Lacedaemonio... Ga- 
laeso: the river Galaesus flowed 
into the Gulf of Tarentum; its wa- 
ters, in which sheep were washed, 
were supposed to contribute to the 
fineness of the fleece; cf. 12. 63. 3 
(Corbuba) albi quae superas oves 
Galaesi; 4. 28. 3 et lotam tepido 
togam Galaeso; and esp. Hor. C. 
2. 6. 10-12; Blümner 122; Beck. 
3. 281 ff. Tarentum was said to 
have been colonized from Sparta, 
by Phalanthus; cf. 5. 37. 2. 

4. Seposito, select, ie. kept 
apart from common  stock.— 
Parma: wool produced by the 
flocks of Parma in Gallia Cisal- 
pina was highly esteemed; cf. 5. 
13.8; 14. 155. 1-2 velleribus pri- 
mis Apulia, Parma secundis no- 
Ulis; Altinum tertia laudat ovis. 
See Blümner 99. 

5-6. me: sc. Zoga velat. — quae 
...tauri: hyperbolical; M.’s toga 
is as torn as a fila (6) tossed by a 
bull For this 27/a see on 2. 14. 18; 
Fried. SG. 2. 404. — prima: the 
animal would be apt to handle this 
more roughly than those exposed 


2. 43. 13] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 69 


Misit Agenoreas Cadmi tibi terra lacernas : 
non vendes nummis coccina nostra tribus. 
Tu Libycos Indis suspendis dentibus orbes, 
10 fulcitur testa fagina mensa mihi. 
Inmodici tibi flava tegunt chrysendeta mulli : 
concolor in nostra, cammare, lance rubes. 
Grex tuus Iliaco poterat certare cinaedo, 


to him after he had somewhat 
spent his rage. 

7. Agenoreas, Phoenician 
(Tyrian); Agenor was king of 
Phoenicia and father of Cadmus. 
Cadmus founded Thebes. Cf. 10. 
17. 7.—lacernas: see on 2. 29. 3. 

8. coccina: garments dyed with 
coccum ; M.’s garments are inferior 
both in texture and in dye. See 
2. 29. 8. 

9. Libycos . . . orbes: round 
tables of citrus-wood or maple 
(mensae citreae, mensae acernae) 
were at this time more fashionable 
than the old rectangular zezsae. 
The largest and most beautifully 
marked (made of the tubers and 
roots of the citrus) came from the 
Mt. Atlas region of Mauretania. 
Cicero gave 500,000 sesfertz for 
one; the price rose as high as 
1,400,000 sestertzz; see Plin. N. H. 
13. 92; Fried. SG. 3. 113 ff.; Marq. 
306ff.. Cf. Luc. 10.144-145 dentibus 
hic niveis sectos Atlantide silva im- 
posuere orbes. — Indis . . . den- 
tibus: see on Jndico... cornu, 
I. 72. 4. — suspendis: the slabs 
forming such tables rested some- 
times on a single column of ivory 
(monopodium), sometimes on three 
or four ivory tusks which served 
as legs; cf. 9. 22. 5; 10. 98. 6 (vis 
spectem) aut citrum vetus [ndi 
cosque dentes ? 

10. fulcitur testa: M. has but 
one table; contrast the pl. in 9. 


This, because of a broken leg, is 
propped up by a piece of earthen- 
ware. Cf. Ov. M.8. 661-662 mensae 
sed erat pes tertius impar: testa 
parem fecit. Perhaps, however, 
M. means that for him an earthen- 
ware vessel served as »enopo- 
dium! 

ir, Inmodici . . . mulli: the 
mullet was a great delicacy, and, 
when it grew to more than normal 
size (Plin. N. H. 9. 64 &as ... 
libras ponderis raro admodum ex- 
superant) brought enormous prices 
(from 5000 to 8000 sesterti); cf. 
Beck. 3. 332. The mz/i served to 
Candidus completely cover the 
dish. Cf. ro. 31. 1-43 3.45.5; Iuv. 
4. 15-16 mullum sex milibus emit, 
aequantem sane paribus sestertia 
fibris. — flava... chrysendeta: 
silver plate inlaid with gold or 
having gold edges (cf. xpucévde- 
ros). Cf. II. 29. 7 accipe vina, 
domum, pueros, chrysendeta, men- 
sas; 14.97. The huge red mullets 
are served on a white and yellow 
dish. 

12. concolor: i.e. of like color 
with the Zazx, which was prob. 
made of red earthenware. — cam- 
mare, craé,a mean dish; in Iuv. 
5. 84-92theclientgetsacamzmarus, 
the dominus a mullet. 

13. Grex: often of a band of 
slaves; here of the table attend- 
ants; cf. 8. go. 18.—TIliaco... 
cinaedo: Trojan Ganymedes, who 


7O M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2- 43. 14 


at mihi succurrit pro Ganymede manus. 
15 Ex opibus tantis veteri fidoque sodali 
das nihil et dicis, Candide, kowà Pirwv ? 


Hic quem videtis gressibus vagis lentum, 
amethystinatus media qui secat Saepta, 
quem non lacernis Publius meus vincit, 
non ipse Cordus alpha paenulatorum, 

5 quem grex togatus sequitur et capillatus 
recensque sella linteisque lorisque, 


supplanted Hebe as Jupiter's cup- 
bearer; cf. 3. 39.1 Z4aco similem 
uerum ... ministro. 

14. mihi... manus:'my own 
hand serves as my Ganymedes'; 
cf. Iuv. 5. 52-60. 

15. sodali: more than cZezti; 
see on I. 15. I; cf. 2. 30. 3. 

16. et = ef famen. 

57. On a man who, though he 
was really poor, sacrificed every- 
thing to make an appearance. He 
may be a dinner-hunter (see 2. 11; 
2. 14) who, having failed to get an 
invitation, must raise the wind at 
a pawnshop. — Meter: $ 52. 


I. quem...lentum,whom you 
see moving slowly about with aim- 
less footsteps. 


2. amethystinatus: his costly 
lacerna was of amethyst hue (violet- 
blue or purple); cf. 1. 96. 6-7 gaz 
coccinatos non putat viros esse ame- 
thystinasque mulierum vocat vestes; 
luv. 7.136. Seeon Zyrianthina, t. 
53. 5; Marq. 508. Forthe adj. itself 
see Cooper § 34; cf. coccindtos, 1.96. 
6.— media ...Saepta: seeon 2. 14. 
5.— secat perhaps suggests diffi- 
culty or slowness of movement 
because of the press. But cf. the 
familiar secare viam, Téuverv 606v. 


4. Cordus: cf. 5. 26. 1; 5. 23. 
8. He is perhaps the man whom 
Juvenal mentions in 1. 2; 3. 208. — 
alpha paenulatorum: Cordus was 
‘A No. 1’ among the exquisites 
whose specialty was the paenula 
(see on I. 103. 5). The Greeks 
used the letters of the alphabet 
instead of numbers; hence alpha 
= primus. 

5. grex togatus: i.e. the com- 
pany of clients, attired in togas 
(see on 2. 29. 4). Grex is frequently 
used with a certain tinge of con- 
tempt for the clients, as for slaves 
and actors; cf. 2. 43. 13 N.; Luv. 
1. 46-47 cum populum gregibus 
comitum premit hic spoliator pupilli. 
See Fried. SG. 1. 379 ff. — capil- 
latus (gvex): young slaves (pages), 
whose hair, by fashion’s decree, 
was allowed to grow long; cf. Petr. 
70 pueri capillati attulerunt un- 
guentum in argentea pelve. 

6. recens: freshly upholstered 
with brand-new curtains (ve/a; cf. 
linteis) and straps; by the straps 
the litter (Zectzca, sella) hung from 
the carrying poles (asseres). Sedan 
chairs are repeatedly mentioned in 
the literature of the Empire; see 
Beck. 3. 6 ff.; Marq. 736 ff. 


2. 66. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 71 


oppigneravit modo modo ad Cladi mensam 
vix octo nummis anulum, unde cenaret. 


Pexatus pulchre rides mea, Zoile, trita. 
Sunt haec trita quidem, Zoile, sed mea sunt. 


Unus de toto peccaverat orbe comarum 
anulus, incerta non bene fixus acu. 

Hoc facinus Lalage speculo, quo viderat, ulta est, 
et cecidit saevis icta Plecusa comis. 


7. oppigneravit, pledged, 
pawned. 

8. vix... nummis, for barely 
eight sestertiz,is surely hyperbolical; 
M. is seeking to emphasize how 
meanly the man lives when re- 
moved from the public eye. 

58. Cf. 2. 16; 2. 19. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Pexatus: Zoilus wears a toga 
pexa, i.e.a toga with nap carefully 
combed; M.’s toga is ¢rzta, smooth 
from long use’, ‘threadbare’; cf. 
2. 44. I emt seu puerum togamve 
exam ; Hor. Ep. 1. 1.95-96 sz forte 
subucula pexae trita. subest tunicae 

. rides. On the word 2exatus 
see Cooper § 34. 

2. quidem, yes, 7 grant you, 
quidem is often thus used, at all 
periods, both in prose and verse, to 
make a concession which is at once 
offset by a phrase with sed, tamen, 
or autem,—sed mea sunt: Zoilus 
did not pay his tailor. — On the 
pentameter ending see § 48, b. 

66. The condition of the slave, 
hardenoughat best,was aggravated 
when a slave-girl was unfortunate 
enough to be lady's maid to a high- 
strung, fastidious beauty. See 


Fried. SG. 1. 480; Beck. 2. 175 ff. 
Cf. Iuv. 6. 487-496; Ov. A. A. 5. 
239-242. — Meter: § 48. 

1-2, Unus...anulus: the 
elaborate styles of hair-dressing 
fashionable under the Empire are 
attested by works of art and literary 
evidence; see e.g. Tert. De Cultu 
Fem.2.7. Lalage's hair was done 
upinahigh ball-shaped mass (orzs: 
cf. Iuv. 6. 496), composed of sepa- 
rate ringlets (2727/7) kept in place 
by hair-pins or bodkins (acus cr?- 
nales). — Unus, only one, which 
could presumably be replaced. 
quickly. — peccaverat: hyperbol- 
ical; the curl shares the slave’s 
guilt ( faczuus, 3). 

3. Lalage: Hor. C. 1. 22. 23 
had used this name; cf. Aaday%, 
‘prattle’, *babbling'. — speculo: 
of metal (see on 2. 41. 8) and so no 
mean weapon. — quo viderat: in 
works of art the Roman woman is 
sometimes represented as holding 
in her hand a mirror in which she 
is watching the operations of her 
hair-dresser. See App. — viderat: 
Sc. facetus. 

4. saevis .. . comis: for case 
see on Zem/o, Lib. Spect. 1. 3. 


72 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2. 66. 5 


s Desine iam, Lalage, tristes ornare capillos, 
tangat et insanum nulla puella caput. 
Hoc salamandra notet vel saeva novacula nudet, 
ut digna speculo fiat imago tua. 


Invitum cenare foris te, Classice, dicis : 
si non mentiris, Classice, dispeream. 
Ipse quoque ad cenam gaudebat Apicius ire: 
cum cenaret, erat tristior ille, domi. 
5 Si tamen invitus vadis, cur, Classice, vadis ? 
* Cogor " ais: verum est; cogitur et Selius. 
En rogat ad cenam Melior te, Classice, rectam. 


Saevis is a transferred epithet; cf. 
peccaverat, Y N.; tristes...capillos, S. 
— Plecusa: the slave hair-dresser 
(ornatrix); cf. Ov. A. A. 3. 239. 
With the name cf. plecto, rréxw, 

7. Hoc: sc. cafut.—salaman- 
dra notet: cf. Plin. N. H. ro. 188 
eiusdem (i.e. the salamandra) sanie 
... quacumque parte corporis hu- 
mani contacta doti defluunt pili; 
Petr. 107 quae salamandra super- 
cilia tua exussit? —notet, mark, 
brand, and so disgrace, by making 
hideous (i.e. bald); see on 1. 3. Io. 

8. ut...tua: ‘that your im- 
age may be as savage as the mirror 
itself'; see 3-4. — digna: the final 
syllable is lengthened by the two 
consonants at the beginning of the 
next word; cf. Romana, 5. 69. 3. 
See A. 603, f£, N. 1; GL. 703, Rem. 1; 
L. Müller, De Re Metrica, 390. 

69. ‘Classicus is another Se- 
lius. Cf.2. 11. — Meter: § 48. 

2. si non... dispeream: see 
on 2. 5. I1; cf. Hor. S. 1. 9. 47-48 
adispeream mi summosses omnis; 
Catull. 92. 2. 

3. Apicius: inthe early Empire 
M. Gavius Apicius became prover- 


bial for all extravagances relating 
to the culinary art; cf. e.g. Iuv. 11. 
2-3; 4. 22-23; Plin. N. H. 10. 133. 
Even in the fourth century Aelius 
Lampridius wrote that Elagabalus 
comedit saepius ad imitationem 
Apicit, and cenas vero et Vitellii et 
Apicii vicit. Many stories were 
current of him. See Fried. SG. 
3. 18; Sen. Ep. 95. 42; Otto s.v. 
Apicius. 

4. tristior, rather dismal. 

6. Cogor: by the demands of 
etiquette or friendship.— cogitur: 
by hunger or meanness; a play on 
words. Cf. Ter. And. 658 scio: tu 
coactus tua voluntate es. 

7. cenam... rectam: a reg- 
ular, formal dinner; cf. 7. 20. 2 
(Santra) rectam vocatus cum cucur- 
rit ad cenam; 8. 49. 10 promissa 
est nobis sportula, recta data est; 
Suet. Dom. 7 sgortulas publicas 
sustulit, revocata rectarum cena- 
rum consuetudine; Beck. z. 204. — 
Melior: Atedius Melior, a friend 
of M. and Statius, apparently fa- 
mous for elegance of life and as a 
litterateur; cf. $ 20; Stat. Silv. 2. 5; 
and the dedication of Book II. 


2. 77. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 73 


Grandia verba ubi sunt? si vir es, ecce, nega. 


Candidius nihil est te, Caeciliane. 


Notavi : 


si quando ex nostris disticha pauca lego, 
protinus aut Marsi recitas aut scripta Catulli. 
Hoc mihi das, tanquam deteriora legas, 
5 ut conlata magis placeant mea? Credimus istud : 
malo tamen recites, Caeciliane, tua. 


Cosconi, qui longa putas epigrammata nostra, 
utilis unguendis axibus esse potes. 

Hac tu credideris longum ratione colosson 
et puerum Bruti dixeris esse brevem. 


8. si vir es: cf Ov. F. 6. 594 
si vir es, 1, dicas exige dotis opes! 
Hor. Epod. 15. 12 sz guid in Flacco 
wrt ésl. — nega: cf. Iuv. 14. 134 
invitatus ad haec aliquis de ponte 
(i.e. a beggar) zegatzt. 

71. On one who, though he 
praised M., was really jealous of 
the poet. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Candidius, more sincere, 
fairer; ironical. Contrast zzger, 
‘spiteful’. — nihil: see on I. ro. 3. 
— Notavi: sc. candorem tuum, out 
of candidius...te: For notare = 
animadvertere cf. 5. 49. 7; Petr., 
very often, e.g. 29 notavi etiam in 
porticu gregem cursorum. It is 
possible also to put a comma after 
notavi, and then to regard 1—3 as 
paratactic, for zotavz, si... lego, 
protinus aut Marsi te recitare aut 
serta Catulli. 

2. lego: evidently not at a 
formal recztatio, but at a dinner or 
the like. 

3. Marsi: Domitius Marsus, a 
famous poet of the Augustan age. 


In the Praefatio to Book I M. 
mentions together Marsus and Ca- 
tullus. Cf. 2. 77. 5; 7. 99. 7. 

4. Hoc...das, are you in act- 
ing thus doing me a favor ? —tan- 
quam...legas is subordinate to 
the zz-clause in 5. 

5. Credimus istud: ironical. 

6. ‘If you honestly wish me to 
shine by contrast, read your own 
distichs’. 

77: ‘A foot-rule is not a proper 
measure for literary productions’. 
Cf. 6. 65. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Cosconi: a Cosconius is 
ironically praised in 3. 69. 

2. utilis... potes: ie. ‘you are 
a failure as a critic of literature; 
your proper sphere is menial work 
in a stable’. The expression has a 
proverbial ring; cf. Otto s.v. Axis. 

3. ratione, ‘theory, principle, 
canon,—colosson: see 1.70.7-8 N. 

4. puerum Bruti: a statue of 
a boy by Strongylion, greatly ad- 
mired by Brutus the Tyrannicide; 
cf. 9. 50. 5; 14. 171; Plin. N. H. 34.82 


74 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2. 2755, 


s Disce quod ignoras: Marsi doctique Pedonis 
saepe duplex unum pagina tractat opus. 
Non sunt longa quibus nihil est quod demere possis, 
sed tu, Cosconi, disticha longa facis. 


Hostem cum fugeret, se Fannius ipse peremit : 
hic, rogo, non furor est, ne moriare, mori? 


Nil recitas et vis, Mamerce, poeta videri. 
Quidquid vis esto, dummodo nil recites. 


Quintiliane, vagae moderator summe iuventae, 


idem (Strongylion) fecil puerum 
quem amando Brutus Philippiensis 
cognomine suo inlustravit. 

5. Marsi: see on 2. 71. 3. — 
docti... Pedonis: C. Pedo Albi- 
novanus, a poet of the Augustan 
age, intimate friend of Ovid, com- 
plimented by Seneca as a conver- 
sationalist; mentioned by Quint. 
IO.1.90. For doc£z see on 1. 25. 2. 

6. duplex ... pagina = duae 
paginae of prose. — opus: prop. 
‘creation’, here epzgram. 

7. longa suggests both /ongand 
tedious. Cf. Plin. Ep. 5. 6. 42-43 
primum ego officium scriptoris exi- 
stimo ut titulum suum legat atque 
identidem interroget se quid coe- 
perit scribere sciatque, si materiae 
immoratur, non esse longum, lon- 
gissimum, si aliquid arcessit atque 
attrahit. Vides quot versibus Ho- 
merus, quot Vergilius arma, hic 
Aeneae, Achillis ille, describat: 
brevis tamen uterque est, quia facit 
quod institutt, 


8. tu...facis: ie. ‘compared 
with the two 2ages of Marsus and 
Pedo your two verses are tedious’. . 

80. Meter: § 48. 

2. rogo: asin 2.14.18.—furor: 
cf. 1. 20. 1; Sen. Ep. 24. 23 Ais adiczas 
et illud licet, tantam. hominum in- 
prudentiam esse, immo dementiam, 
ut quidam timore mortis cogantur 
ad mortem. 

88. Meter: $48. 

1. €t, and yet, i.e. without run- 
ning the gauntlet of public criti- 
cism. 

2. ‘The public will put up with 
any claim on your part, provided 
you do not inflict yourself upon 
it’. 

go. A reply to a rebuke by 
Quintilian; Quintilian had said, 
‘Why waste your time on verses?’ 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1. Quintiliane: M. Fabius 
Quintilianus, the most famous rhet- 
orician of his time (about 35-97), 
author of the Institutio Oratoria. 


2. 9o. 8] 


x 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 75 


gloria Romanae, Quintiliane, togae, 


vivere quod propero pauper nec inutilis annis, 
da veniam: properat vivere nemo satis. 
s  Differat hoc patrios optat qui vincere census 
atriaque inmodicis artat imaginibus. 
Me focus et nigros non indignantia fumos 
tecta iuvant et fons vivus et herba rudis. 


His birthplace, Calagurris, in His- 
pania Tarraconensis, was not far 
from Bilbilis; he was doubtless 
intimate enough with M. to justify 
him in rebuking the poet for idle- 
ness or fast living. — vagae . .. 
iuventae: the rising generation, 
which distinguished itself by excess 
in living as well as by a false liter- 
ary style. Vagus here = unstable; 
in 4. 14. 7 it is used of the freedom 
of the Saturnalia.— moderator 
summe: for over twenty years 
Quintilian waged vigorous combat 
with the tendency of his age to 
false and meretricious style, esp. 
with Seneca; cf. Quint. 10. 1. 125 ff. 
Summe may allude to the illus- 
trious character of Quintilian's cli- 
entage; Pliny the Younger and 
children of the imperial house 
were among his pupils, perhaps 
also Tacitus. 

z. gloria...togae: either ‘first 
among civilians’ or ‘glory of the 
Roman bar'. Quintilian practiced 
as a lawyer, though he was better 
known as a teacher. Zogatd often 
= advocati (see on 2. 29. 4). Cf. 
Aus. Commemoratio Professorum 
1. 2 alter rhetoricae Quintiliane 
togae. 

3-4. vivere...vivere: cf. 
I. 15. 4, II N.; I. 103. I2. — pauper 
++. annis: ‘though poor (and so 
having reason to work) and not 
yet disabled by yeàrs (and so with 
power to work if I would)’. 


5. hoc: enjoyment, zfa, as 
understood by M.— census, ?7of- 
erty; prop. ‘ratings’. 

6. atria... imaginibus: cf. 
5.20.5-7. Theatrium had become 
a show-place, crowded frequently 
not with the wax zmagines of real 
ancestors, for rich men when Zerz- 
tint had no maizores, but with coun- 
terfeit presentments of almost 
anybody whose image the owner 
of a fine house chose to set up. 
See Beck. 1. 37. — artat, crowds, 
crams; prop.‘narrows’,‘contracts’; 
the crowding of many objects into 
a given space seems to contract 
that space. ; 

7. Me: ‘I, whose wants are 
simple, can afford to enjoy life’. 
Cf. 10. 47 throughout. — focus: a 
real hearth in the old-fashioned 
atrium of M.’s house; this is clear 
from the allusion to the smoke; 
because of the fine marbles and 
paneled ceilings fires on a true 
hearth were unknown in the atria 
of the rich. 

8. fons vivus: a spring of nat- 
ural water, as distinct from water 
brought into a house by pipes. 
M. is perhaps thinking of his 
Nomentanum (8 10) with its plain 
house and natural charms, though 
elsewhere (9. 18) he declares that 
this estate was none too well 
supplied with water. — rudis: 
uncultivated, natural; cf. Iuv. 3. 
18-20, 


76 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[2- 90. 9 


Sit mihi verna satur, sit non doctissima coniunx, 
10 sit nox cum somno, sit sine lite dies. 


9. verna satur: ‘all I ask is a 
single house-born slave, who, be- 
cause he is well fed, is not likely 
to run away’; cf. 3. 58. 22, 43-44; 
Paulus Nolanus C. 4. 15 verna sa- 
tur... morigera coniunx. — non 
doctissima coniunx: if M. is to 
have a wife at all, she is not to be 
a high-strung, fashionable dame, 
nor is she to be a blue-stocking; 
cf. 11. 19. 1 quaerzs cur nolim te 
ducere, Galla? Diserta es; Tuv. 6. 
434-456; Fried. SG. 1. 492 ff. 

10. ‘I want a life of peace, by 
day and night’. M. evidently liked 
to sleep; cf. 9. 68. 9-10; 10. 47. 9— 
1I.— Sine lite dies: cf. 5. 20. 6; 


IO. 47. 5. — Note carefully the 
metrical treatment of sz¢ in these 
two verses. When a word is re- 
peated in the same verse or in 
adjacent verses in the same or in 
similar forms the Roman poets 
incline to vary the metrical treat- 
ment (cf. $ 54, b), unless some 
special purpose (rhetorical or logi- 
cal emphasis, assonance, or the 
like) is to be won by repeating the 
word with the same metrical treat- 
ment. Here we have variation in 
9, identity in 10; proper emphasis 
is thus given to sz, the important 
word of the prayer (‘let me have’, 
etc.). 


LIBER III 


2 


Cuius vis fieri, libelle, munus ? 
festina tibi vindicem parare, 

ne nigram cito raptus in culinam 
cordylas madida tegas papyro 


vel turis piperisve sis cucullus. 


Faustini fugis in sinum ? sapisti. 
Cedro nunc licet ambules perunctus 


2. For the author's address to 
his book cf. e.g. 1. 3, with notes; 
2. 15 Ov. Tr. 1. 1; Stat. Silv. 4. 4. 
— Meter: § 49. 

ri. Cuius... munus = cui vis, 
libelle, donari? Cf. Catull 1. 1 
cuz dono lepidum novum libellum ? 
— munus, 47/7, but with the fur- 
ther suggestion that reception of 
the book would impose an obliga- 
tion to defend it from criticism. 

2. vindicem = 2a£romum, de- 
Jfensorem ; cf. 1. 53.11. 

3-5. ne...cucullus: ‘unless 
you have some patron to sound 
your praises you will soon become 
waste paper forcooks and grocers'. 
— nigram: sooty, grimy.— cordy- 
las, tunny-fries, which were salted 
and smoked. After the cordyla 
was a year old, it was known as a 
thynnus. — madida . . . papyro 
involves juxtaposition of effect and 
cause, * wrap till your leaves are all 
wet'. For this use of scrolls cf. 4. 
86. 8-10; 3. 50. 9-10; 13. I. 1-3; 
Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 269-270; Pers. 1. 42- 
43 cedro digna... nec scombros me- 
tuentia carmina nec tus.— papyro: 


parchment had not yet come into 
generaluse for books. — cucullus: 
here a conical bag or screw, of 
paper, resembling more or less 
the pointed cowl or hood (see 
On I. 53. 4-5); such screws gro- 


* cers extemporized out of wrapping- 


77 


paper before ready-made bags came 
into use. 

6. Faustini:cf.1.25. M. men- 
tions him often, and sent to him 
Book IV (see 4. 10). He was ap- 
parently rich; his villas are men- 
tioned in 3. 58; 4. 57. The poet 
may intend some of these presen- 
tation copies as a polite hint to his 
friends to remember him substan- 
tially.—in sinum: i.e. for protec- 
tion, as if Faustinus were a second 
Maecenas; cf. 1.15. 10 N.; 3. 5. 7-8 
est illi coniunx quae te manibus sz- 
nugue excipiet.— sapisti: cf. 1.117. 
18 N.; 9. Io. 1-2. 

7-11. For the papyrus roll see 
on I. 53. I1; 1. 66. 10-11. 

7. Cedro . . . perunctus: cf. 
5. 6. 14-15; 14. 37, with notes; 
Pers. 1. 42, cited on 4 (the scholiast 
there says: mos apud veteres erat ut 


78 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- z. 8 


et frontis gemino decens honore 
pictis luxurieris umbilicis, 

1o et te purpura delicata velet, 
et cocco rubeat superbus index. 
Illo vindice nec Probum timeto. 


Romam vade, liber: si, veneris unde, requiret, 
Aemiliae dices de regione viae. 
Si quibus in terris, qua simus in urbe, rogabit, 
Corneli referas me licet esse Foro. 
5. Cur absim, quaeret, breviter tu multa fatere : 
“Non poterat vanae taedia ferre togae "'. 


chartae, in quibus nobilia carmina 
scribebantur, oleo cedrino inungeren- 
tur, quod et diu durabiles faceret et a 
neis conservaret) ; Ov. Tr. 3. 1. 13; 
Hor. A. P. 331-332 speramus car- 
mina fingi posse linenda cedro et levi 
servanda cupresso? — ambules: 
the book is now a traveler; in i. 
3. I1 it was a bird. 

8. frontis... honore: cf. Ov. 
"Tr. 1. 1. 1 I zeec fragili geminae polt- 
antur pumice frontes, 1.66. 10—11N. 
Frontis is gen. sing.; the thought 
might be more simply expressed by 
frontibus (duobus) decens ox ornatus. 

1o. purpura: the color of the 
parchment cover of the book. 

1r. cocco... index: cf. 1. 53. 
1I N.; Ov. Tr. r. 1. 7 nec titulus 
minio nec cedro charta notetur; 
Catull 22. 7; Tib. 3. 1. 9. 

12. nec Probum = ze Probum 
quidem; see on 1. 109. 20. M. Va- 
lerius Probus of Berytus was the 
most distinguished critic of his 
time; see Rhein. Mus. 26. 488; 27. 
63. Contrary to the usual custom 
of the grammarians he does not 
seem to have been ateacher. M.’s 


language implies that Probus was 
still alive. 

4. For the general theme, the 
meager returns of a literary life, 
cf. 1. 76; 5. 56. For M.’s sojourn at 
Forum Corneli see $ 12. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. Romam vade: cf. Ov. Tr. 
1. I. I5-19 vade, liber, verbisque 
mets loca grata saluta ... si quas 
qui quid agam forte requirat erit, 
vivere me dices.— requiret: sc. 
Roma as subject. 

2. Aemiliae . . . viae: ie. the 
regiontraversed by the Via Aemilia. 
This road ran from Ariminum on 
the Adriatic via Placentia, Bono- 
nia, and Forum Corneli (modern 
Imola). It was a continuation of 
the Via Flaminia. 

4. referas, ref/y.— Foro: abl.; 
Corneli . .. Foro is clearer than 
Corneli Fori (loc.) would havebeen. 

.5. quaeret: see on I. 70. 3; 
I. 79. 2; cf. 3. 46. 5. 

6. vanae: because it brings no 
substantial returns. — taedia ... 
togae: the nuisance of the daily 
salutatio; cf. note on 2. 29. 4. 


3.7. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA  ' 79 


* Quando venit ?" dicet: tu respondeto: * Poeta 
exierat: veniet, cum citharoedus erit "'. 


Centum miselli iam valete quadrantes, 
anteambulonis congiarium lassi, 
quos dividebat balneator elixus. 


8. citharoedus («:@apwids): a 
player on the cithara or lyre, who 
added a vocal accompaniment. 
Popular musicians made vast for- 
tunes. Cf. M.s advice about a 
boy's education, 5. 56; Luv. 7. 175- 
177; Fried. SG. 3. 354; 3. 359 ff. 

7- M.complains because a ‘din- 
ner’ is now given in place of the 
money sfortula. Under the Em- 
pire the patron was expected to 
repay his clients by a dole of food 
or of money known as a sfortula. 
In theory the sfortuz/a was a bas- 
ket of victuals given in lieu of the 
old-fashioned invitation to a ceza 
recta (2. 69. 7); when clients be- 
came numerous such a ceva was 
seldom given. The money dole 
was 100 guadrantes=25 asses— 
61 sesterti.. Under Domitian, how- 
ever, the ceza recta was again in 
fashion; see Suet. Dom. 7. Mean- 
ness and false economy, however, 
characterized the new order of 
things, to judge from the cheap 
menu and the poor service that 
marked such cenae rectae; cf 1. 20. 
1; 3. 60. 1. A daily ceza would not 
enable the client to shift for him- 
self as the dole in hard cash did 
(see 3. 14; 3. 30. 1-4 sportula nulla 
datur; gratis conviva recumbis; dic 
mthi, quid Romae, Gargiliane, facis? 
unde tibi togula est et fuscae pensio 
cellae? unde datur quadrans? unde 
vir es Chiones?). In a word, many 
of the clients could not live with- 
out the 100 guadrantes. The new 


arrangement did not last long, for 
there is no reference to it beyond 
this book; in Book 1V the money 
dole is mentioned. — Meter: § 52. 

1i. Centum...quadrantes: cf. 
6. 88. 3-4; Iuv. 1. 120-121 densis- 
sima centum quadrantes lectica 
petit. 

2. anteambulonis . . . lassi: 
see on 2. 18. 5; 10. 74. 3. — congi- 
arium: prop. a gift of the measure 
of a congius (see on guincunces... 
peractos, I. 27. 2); here = prae- 
mium, merces. The word is really 
an adj.; sc. donum.—lassi: ie. 
tired out by forcing a passage for 
the Zeczica or sella of his patron. 
The clients attended their patron 
from early morning till he reached 
his home or the bath after busi- 
ness hours. Cf. 3. 36. 3-6 Aorrzdus 
ut primo semper te mane salutem. 
ger mediumque trahat me tua 
sella lutum, lassus ut in thermas 
decuma vel serius hora te sequar 
Agrippae; 10. 70. 13-14; luv. 1. 
132-134. 

3. quos... elixus: a difficult - 
passage; ja/neator is variously in- 
terpreted. There was no uniform 
practice concerning the time and 
place of paying the sportula. Here, 
we may suppose, the distribution 
was made at some bathing estab- 
lishment. It must have been in 
many cases convenient for the pa- 
tron to pay off his clients before 
he bathed, that he might bathe at 
leisure and be rid of them for the 


80 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 7. 4 


Quid cogitatis, o fames amicorum ? 
5 regis superbi sportulae recesserunt. 
* Nihil stropharum est : iam salarium dandum est”. 


12 


Unguentum, fateor, bonum dedisti 

convivis here, sed nihil scidisti. 

Res salsa est bene olere et esurire: 

qui non cenat et unguitur, Fabulle, 
s hic vere mihi mortuus videtur. 


day. The éalneator is one of the 
slaves of the patron who came to 
the ¢hermae to serve him in the 
bath and to act as dispensator 
(Fried.). — elixus, parbozled, in the 
heated ¢hermae. The word sug- 
gests also the discomfort of the 
clients, and so reénforces mzsel/z, 1, 
lassi, 2. 

4. Quid cogitatis: addressed 
to the clients at the bath. — fames 
amicorum = /ameliei amici 
(Fried.); cf. 3. 14. 1. 

5. regis: see on 2. I8. 5. 

6. Nihil...est: theanswer to 
4; *we can see through that', *no 
slippery trick here’; a figure bor- 
rowed from the 7a/aestra, where 
the wrestlers smeared their naked 
bodies with oil. Cf.orpody, a twist, 
a sudden turn by a wrestler to de- 
ceive his antagonist, generally used 
in the plural. — salarium . . . est: 
the point lies in the humorous 
suggestion of what was altogether 
beyond expectation of realization. 
— salarium, pension, fixed annual 
salary. 

12. ‘Dinner-guests, who are 
richly anointed but get nothing to 
eat, are like dead folk’. The host 
here seems to have been ambitious 
to distinguish himself, but in a 
wrong way, as if a modern host 


were to lavish money on flowers, 
but set a mean table. See i. 20. 
Introd. — Meter: $ 49. 

1. Unguentum : perfumes and 
flowers belonged to the cozzzssazio; 
see Beck. 3. 451. Cf. 10. 20. 18- 
20; Hor. C. 2. 11. 13-17; Iuv. 11. 
120 ff. — fateor: this verb is often 
used paratactically in M.; cf. e.g. 5. 
I3. 1. 

2. nihil scidisti: cf. r. 43. 11. 
—scidisti = carpsist?; scissor = 
‘carver’, as e.g. in Petr. 36. We 
have here a hyperbole, or, as some 
old editors think, the 5z2ce de részs- 
lance of the dinner was a mere 
show-piece. 1 

3. Res salsa, droll business; cf. 
Catull 12. 4-5 (to one who stole 
the mappae of fellow-guests) hoc 
salsum esse putas? fugit te, inepte ! 
quamvis sordida res ei invenusta 
est. 

4. Fabulle: cf. t1. 35. 

5. mortuus videtur: on the 
extravagant use of perfumes at fu- 
nerals see Fried. SG. 3. 127; cf. 
luv. 4. 108-109 ef matutino sudans 
Crispinus amomo quantum vix re- 
dolent duo funera. The poet may 
further hint that Fabullus's feast 
might make a decent seZcergzzum 
or epulum funebre but not a dinner 
forliving men. Indeed Iuv. 5. 85 


3. 18. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 81 


14 
Romam petebat esuritor Tuccius 
profectus ex Hispania ; 
occurrit illi sportularum fabula : 
a ponte rediit Mulvio. 


15 
Plus credit nemo tota quam Cordus in urbe. 
** Cum sit tam pauper, quomodo ?" Caecus amat. 


18 


Perfrixisse tuas questa est praefatio fauces : 
cum te excusaris, Maxime, quid recitas ? 


so characterizes such a dinner: fo- 
nitur exigua feralis cena patella. 

I4. Cf. 3. 7, with notes. Spain 
contributed its share to the steady 
movement of provincials into 
Rome; see $ 1.— Meter: $8 5o- 
51. 

1-2. Romam . . . Hispania: 
both emphatic by position. — esu- 
ritor: from the sermo plebeius; see 
Cooper $ 17. 

4. ponte... Mulvio: several 
miles north of Rome; by it the Via 
Flaminia, the great northern road 
from Rome to Ariminum, crossed 
the Tiber; cf. Cic. Cat. 3. 2. 5-6. 
See also on 3. 4. 4. 

15. A jibe at Cordus’s credu- 
lity. — Meter: § 48. 

1. credit: M. plays on various 
meanings of credere: ‘give credit’, 
‘trust in a financial way’, ‘confide 
(trust) in one'.— Cordus: perhaps 
the Cordus of 2. 57. 

2. quomodo: sc. plus credit... 
urbe (cf. 1). We may also supply 
dicis (sc. istud), a colloquial usage 
seen e.g. in Roman comedy, as in 


colloquial Greek and familiar Eng- 
lish. — Caecus amat, Ze's blindly 
in love, he loves with his eyes shut, 
for the charms in which Cordus 
believes are imaginary. Cf. 8. 51. 
1-2 formosam sane, sed caecus dili- 
git Asper; plus ergo, ut res est, 
quam videt Asper amat; Hor. S. 1. 
3. 38-40 amatorem . . . amicae tur- 
pia decipiunt caecum vitia aut etiam 
ipsa haec delectant. 

18. A jeer at the excuses of a 
recitator. Cf. 4. 41; 6. 41.— Meter: 
8 48. 

1. Perfrixisse...fauces: the 
recitatio made a great demand upon 
the throat; see Pers. 1. 13-18; 
Fried. SG. 3. 421. — praefatio : M. 
hints that Maximus was lying to 
win the indulgence of the audience. 
Cf. Tac. D. 20 quis nunc feret ora- 
lorem de infirmitate valetudinis 
suae pracfantem ? qualia sunt om- 
nia fere principia Corvini. 

2. cum te excusaris: a pun; 
excusare = (1) ‘plead a thing as an 
excuse' (cf. r. 70. 17), (2) *excuse 
a person from a task’. 


82 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3. 22.1 


22 


Dederas, Apici, bis trecenties ventri, 
sed adhuc supererat centies tibi laxum. 
Hoc tu gravatus, ut famem et sitim ferres, 
summa venenum potione perduxti. 

s Nihil est, Apici, tibi gulosius factum. 


Si temperari balneum cupis fervens, 
Faustine, quod vix Iulianus intraret, 
roga lavetur rhetorem Sabineium : 
Neronianas hic refrigerat thermas. 


22. High living run mad. On 
Apicius see on 2. 69. 3; cf. Sen. 
Cons. Helv. 10. 8 (Acus) qui in 
ea urbe ex qua aliquando philosophi 
velut corruptores iuventutis abire 
iussi sunt scientiam popinae profes- 
sus disciplina sua saeculum infe- 
cit. — Meter: § 52. 

1. bis trecenties = sescenties 
centena milia sestertium, 60,000,- 
000 sesterti; see on 1. 103.1. M. is 
prob. speaking in round numbers; 
see on I. 43. I. 

2. centies . . . laxum: a full 
10,000,000 sestertiz; cf. laxas... 
opes, 2. 30. 4 N. 

3. Hoc:i.e.the sum left to you; 
ablative. — famem et sitim: any- 
thing less than downright profu- 
sion was to Apicius only another 
name for slow starvation.— ferres 
= auferres, get rid of, by rendering 
impossible; seeon pore, 1.4.2. But 
the rendering ‘bear’, ‘endure’, gives 
still better point. If ferre is read 
(see App.), 4oc is acc.; render ‘loath 
to endure this as but (zz) starvation 
and thirst’; grava with inf. occurs 
in Cicero and Caesar. 

4. summa = u/fima, suprema 


(see on I. 109. 17), as well as great- 
est; this Pot? was his greatest 


. distinction. — perduxti = efotasti, 


quaffed. See App. 

5. gulosius, more gluttonous; 
cf. 7. 20. 1 nihil est miserius neque 
gulosius Santra. See on r1. 20. 3. 

25. On Sabineius, most frigid 
of speakers. See on 2. 7. 1. — Me- 
ter: $ 52. 

1-2. temperari almost = refr7- 
gerari; cf. 10. 48. 3. — Faustine: 
cf. 1. 25. — quod .. . intraret, (evez 
so hot) that Julianus would, etc. 

3. lavetur has middle force, — 
se lavet, though slaves in fact ren- 
dered the bather much assistance. 
Rogare with simple subjv. is com- 
mon in M.; see Soed. 11. Seealso 
on 2. 14. I8. 

4. Neronianas .. . thermas: 
for these baths see 10. 48. 4; 7. 34. 
4-5 quid Nerone peius ? quid ther- 
mis melius Neronianis ? — refri- 
gerat is of course hyperbolic. For 
recitations at the baths see e.g. 3. 
44. I3 N.; Hor. S. 1. 4. 74-76; Lan- 
ciani Anc. R. go. 

35. On a splendid piece of 
metal work. — Meter: § 49. 


3. 38. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


35 


83 


Artis Phidiacae toreuma clarum 


pisces aspicis : 


38 


adde aquam, natabunt. 


Quae te causa trahit vel quae fiducia Romam, 
Sexte? quid aut speras aut petis inde? refer. 


* Causas "' 


inquis *agam Cicerone disertior ipso 


atque erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro " 


5 


Egit Atestinus causas et Civis — utrumque 


noras — , sed neutri pensio tota fuit. 


1. Phidiacae: see on Zozeua, 
below.—toreuma (rópevua): work 
in relief, opus caelatum, opus aspe- 
rum, in contrast to argentum pu- 
rum or argentum leve, see Beck. 
2. 373 ff.; Smith D. of A. s.v. Cae- 
latura. Cf. 4. 39. 4 N.; 8. 6. 15; 
Plin. N. H. 34. 54 (Phidias) primus 
artem toreuticen aperuisse atque 
demonstrasse merito iudicatur. 
Phidias was the great Athenian 
artist of the age of Pericles. An 
example of his skill was the chrys- 
elephantine statue of Athena in 
the Parthenon. See on 4. 39. 4. 
We need not suppose that M. 
really believed that this piece was 
actually from the hand of Phidias; 
the Romans liked to brag about 
the antiquity of their plate, etc.: 
cf. e.g. 8. 6; Hor. S. 1. 3. 90-91 
catillum Euandri manibus tritum. 
Render ‘fish wrought by Phidias's 
skillful hands’, or ‘fish wrought by 
hands skillful as Phidias’s own’. 

4. adde...natabunt: the fish 
are highly lifelike; cf. 3. 40. 1-2 
insería phialae Mentoris manu 
ducta lacerta viuit et timetur argen- 
£um;8.50.1-2,9-10. For the form 
of the sentence see on 1. 70. 3; 1. 


79. 2. 


38. ‘Rome is no place for a 


good man’. Cf. Iuv. 7, esp. 1-12, 
53-70; 105-123; 3. 21-57, 74-125. 
— Meter: § 48. 


1-2. Quae . . . inde: Sextus 
lacks the good sense of Tuccius 
(3. 14). Cf. 4. 5. 1-2 wir bonus et 
pauper Ainguaque et pectore verus, 
quid tibi vis, urbem qui, Fabiane, 
etis ? — refer = (mi) responde. 

3-4. Causas ...foro: cf. 1.76, 
esp. I2, N. — triplici...foro: the 
Forum Romanum, the Forum Cae- 
saris, east of the Capitoline, built 
by Julius Caesar, and the Forum 
Augusti, still further east. These 
three fora are often referred to 
together; cf. e.g. 7. 65. 1-2; Stat. 
Silv. 4. 9. 15; Sen. Ira 2. 9. 4; Ov. 
Tr. 3. 12. 24. The Forum Transi- 
torium (see on 1. 2. 8) was not 
finished till ten years after this 
epigram was published. In prose 
we should have zribws forzs (cf. 
note on duplex. . . pagina, 2. 
77. 6). : 

5-6. Atestinus... Civis: un- 
known to us.— neutri . . . fuit: 
they could not make ends: meet, 
much less get rich.— pensio, Zozse 
rent; cf. 3. 30. 3 fuscae pensio cellae ; 
7.92. 5. — fuit seems to imply that 


84 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 38. 7 


* Si nihil hinc veniet, pangentur carmina nobis : 
audieris, dices esse Maronis opus " 
Insanis: omnes gelidis quicumque lacernis 


IO 
* Atria magna colam ". 


“Quid faciam ? suade : nam certum est vivere Romae". 


sunt ibi Nasones Vergiliosque vides. 


Vix tres aut quattuor ista 
res aluit, pallet cetera turba fame. 


, 


Si bonus es, casu vivere, Sexte, potes. 


43 


Mentiris iuvenem tinctis, Laetine, capillis, 
tam subito corvus, qui modo cycnus eras. 


they had by this time found some- 
thing more remunerative or had 
left Rome. On the practice of law 
at Rome at this time see 1. 76. 
Introd.; 1.98. 2 N.; Luv. 7. 112- 
121, 141-145. 

4-8. pangentur . . . nobis: 
*I'll try my luck as poet’; 2azgere 
= componere. — audieris: cf. 3. 4. 
5 N.— Maronis: cf. Marone, 1. 61. 
2N. In 10 as in i1. 61. 6 Ovid is 
mentioned by his cognomen. 

9-10. gelidis: ie. thin and 
threadbare; cf. 6. 50. 2 ( eeszzus) 
errabat gelida sordidus in togula; 
7. 92. 7. — ibi: ie. at Rome; M. 
was writing in Cisalpine Gaul. See 
3.4. IN. 

ir-12. Atria .. . colam: ‘I’ll 
become a client to a millionaire’. 
The sa/utatiowas heldin the atrium; 
cf. 5. 20. 5; 9.100. 1-2; Luv. 7. 91-92 
tu nobilium magna atria curas? — 
colam: cf. 10. 96. 13; 12. 68. 1-2 
matutine cliens, urbis mihi causa 
relictae, atria, si sapias, ambitiosa 
colas. —res: ie. toadying to the 
rich. — pallet... fame: cf. 1. 59. 
1-2 dat Baiaua mihi quadrantes 
sportula centum. Inter delicias quid 
facit ista fames ? 


13. certum est (mih), Pm 
resolved. 

14. Si bonus es: i.e. ‘if you are 
an all-round scoundrel, you may 
live well at Rome’, but, as Rader 
quaintly remarks, *5Z vzr bons es, 
fortean te venti pascent Romae". — 
casu, dy chance, by your wits, or 
(with regard to the other, more 
common meaning of the word) 
miserably, from hand to mouth. 
The point lies in the abrupt change 
of thought, the apodosis failing to 
show how a good man could do 
anything at Rome. 

43. Onanageddandy.—Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Mentiris = callide simulas; 
cf. 6. 57. 1; Tib. 1. 8. 42-44 Heu 
sero revocalur . . . duventa cum 
vetus infecit cana senecta caput. 
Tum studium formae est: coma 
tum mulatur, ut annos dissimu- 
det viridi cortice tincta mucis.— 
iuvenem: one in the prime of 
manhood. — tinctis, dyed. 

2. corvus ... cycnus: appar- 
ently proverbial; cf. 1. 53. 7-8. 

3. Non omnes: ‘you may de- 
ceive yourfellow-citizens, but death 
is none the less to be reckoned 


3- 44. 12] EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 85 


Non omnes fallis; scit te Proserpina canum : 
personam capiti detrahet illa tuo. 


44 
Occurrit tibi nemo quod libenter, 
quod, quacumque venis, fuga est et ingens 
circa te, Ligurine, solitudo, 


quid sit scire cupis ? 


Nimis poeta es. 


s Hoc valde vitium periculosum est. 
Non tigris catulis citata raptis, 
non dipsas medio perusta sole, 
nec sic scorpios improbus timetur, 
nam tantos, rogo, quis ferat labores ? 
10 Et stanti legis et legis sedenti. 
12. In thermas fugio: sonas ad aurem. 


with’.— Proserpina: as the priest 
clipped the forelock of the victim 
as a preliminary sacrifice, so Pro- 
serpina was supposed to cut a lock 
from the head of the dying man or 
woman (Verg. A. 4. 698), who was 
thought of as a vzcfzma Orci (Hor. 
C. 2. 3. 24). 

4. personam: prop. ‘a player's 
mask’; here used figuratively, pre- 
tense; cf. Lucr. 3. 58 erpitur per- 
sena, manet res (‘reality’). 

44. Theliterary bore was much 
in evidence in Rome (Iuv. 1. 17). 
M. here shows how the itch for 
writing may make a nuisance of a 
man otherwise amiable. Cf. 3.45; 
3. 50; 1. 29. Introd. — Meter: § 49. 

I. quod: see on 2. 11. 1; for 
position see on zec, Lib. Spect. 
I. 2. 

4. quid sit, what it means. 

6. tigris . . . raptis: cf. Iuv. 
6. 270 tunc gravis illa viro, tunc 
orba tigride peior ; Plin. N. H. 8. 66. 
The Romans at this time saw the 


tiger in the vezatzozes; see 8. 26. — 
citata: ie. when in full rush for 
the hunter. 

7. dipsas (cf. duvds): a venom- 
ous African serpent, so called, says 
the scholiast on Luc. 9. 718, guod 
percussos (‘its victims?) sz mori 
faciat. — medio... sole: ie. 
parched by the tropical heat; cf. 
Luc. 9. 718 torrida dipsas; 9. 754 
dipsas terris adiuta perustis. 
The heat adds to the poisonous 
power of the snake. 

9. tantos... labores: ie. ‘as 
you seek to inflict on people’. — 
rogo: paratactic; see on 2. 14. 18; 
3. 25. 3. : 

10, Note the chiasmus. 

12. In thermas fugio: cf. 
3.25. 4 N.; Petr. g2 nam et dum 
lavor, ait, paene vapulavi, quia co- 
natus sum círca- solium. sedentibus 
carmen recitare, et postquam. de 
balneo tanquam de theatro. eiectus 
sum.—sonas ad aurem: cf. 
3. 63. 8; 1. 89. 


86 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3: 44. 13 


Piscinam peto: non licet natare. 
Ad cenam propero: tenes euntem. 


I5 


Ad cenam venio: fugas sedentem. 


Lassus dormio: suscitas iacentem. 
Vis quantum facias mali videre ? 
Vir iustus, probus, innocens timeris. 


45 


Fugerit an Phoebus mensas cenamque Thyestae 
ignoro: fugimus nos, Ligurine, tuam. 

Illa quidem lauta est dapibusque instructa superbis, 
sed nihil omnino te recitante placet. 


Nolo mihi ponas rhombos mullumve bilibrem, 


nec volo boletos, ostrea nolo: tace. 


13. Piscinam here seems to 
mean baptisterium, swimming-pool, 
into which M. plunges hoping to 
escape. — non ...natare: Liguri- 
nus follows him or sits on the edge 
and reads to him. On the o of peto 
and dormio (16) see § 54, c. 

14. tenes (ze) euntem: ‘you 
almost forcibly detain me, and, 
failing in that, you go too!’ 

15. The much abused custom 
of reading poetry at dinner, esp. 
during the comissatio, gave Ligu- 
rinus an excuse for his action. M., 
in 5. 78. 25, as an inducement to a 
friend to accept an invitation to 
dinner, promises: mec crassum 
dominus leget volumen; cf. 11. 52. 
16. — fugas sedentem: until the 
signal was given to recline on the 
dinner-couches the guests sat. M. 
means: ‘You put meto flight before 
I have a chance to take my place 
on the Zecus; I forego my dinner 
rather than endure your verses’. 

16. iacentem: note the climax: 
euntem ... sedentem ... iacentem. 
"Theassonanceat the beginning and 


the end of these vss. adds greatly to 
theeffect; cf. 4.43.5-8; 10.35.11-12. 

18. The point is made in the 
last word; instead of Zzzeris we 
expect colerzs or diligeris. 

45. ‘Fine as Ligurinus’s din- 
ners are, his verses rob them of all 
charm’. Cf. 3.44; 3. 50.— Meter: 
§ 48. 

I.cenam... Thyestae: 
Atreus, brother of Thyestes, served 
to Thyestes the latter’s own sons. + 

3. Illa: the dinner of Ligurinus. 
— dapibus of itself marks the 
meal as rich and sumptuous; cf. 
lauta and superbis. 

5-6. ‘Spare our ears; we shall 
contentedly forego your delicacies’. 
Cf. 6. 48. — ponas: see I. 43.2 N. 
Nolo... ponas is the negative of 
theconstruction seen in vzs mittam, 
I. 117. 2; see note there. — rhom- 
bos: cf. 3. 60.6; Hor. S. 1. 2. 115- 
116 zum esuriens fastidis omnia 
praeter pavonem rhombumque? 2. 
2. 95-96. — mullum... bilibrem: 
See on 2. 43. I t. — boletos: see 1. 
20. 2 N. — ostrea: the oyster was 


3. 46. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 87 


Exigis a nobis operam sine fine togatam. 
Non eo, libertum sed tibi mitto meum. 

“Non est" inquis “idem”. Multo plus esse probabo : 
vix ego lecticam subsequar, ille feret ; 

s in turbam incideris, cunctos umbone repellet : 

invalidum est nobis ingenuumque latus ; 

quidlibet in causa narraveris, ipse tacebo, 
at tibi tergeminum mugiet ille sophos ; 


much esteemed by the Romans; 
Plin. N. H. 32. 59 calls it palma 
mensarum. Cf. 12.17.43; 7.78. 3-4 
sumen, aprum, leporem, boletos, 
ostrea, mullos mittis; luv. 4. 139- 
143; Beck. 3. 338 ff.; Fried. SG. 
3. 57.— tace: abrupt, yet withal 
a polite intimation that M. wishes 
no more invitations to dinner, un- 
less Ligurinus's silence is a part of 
the menu. Cf. 5. 78. 25, cited on 
3- 44- 15; 11. 52. 16-18. 

40. A facetious epigram in 
which M. virtually takes leave of 
a patron, Candidus (see'2. 43, with 
notes), who had protested against 
thepoet'sattemptto excuse himself 
from the client's officium by sending 
a representative in his stead. See 
I. 70, with notes. — Meter: $48. 

1. Exigis: a strong expression ; 
the verb is used of collecting taxes, 
debts, etc. Cf. exactor, ‘tax-gath- 
erer'.—operam ...togatam: cf. 
10. 82. 2 mane vel a media nocte to- 
gatus ero; 2.20.4 N. Forthetrans- 
ferred epithet see on 1. 15. 7. 

.. 8. probabo, Z'Z/?rove (to you); 
Cf. 9. 50. 1 zngenzum miki Gaure, 


probas sic esse pusillum; Soed. 31. . 


4. lecticam : see 2. 57. 6 N. — 
subsequar : cf. 10. 10. 7; 3. 36. 3-6 
ut... per medium... trahat me 

. tua sella lutum, lassus ut in ther- 
mas... te sequar Agrippae. 


5. in... incideris: ie. when 
on foot. The great man was not 
always carried. For the form of 
the vs. see on 3. 4. 5. — cunctos 

. repellet: scant respect was 
shown to common folk by the rich 
or their slaves and retainers. See 
App.— umbone prob. = cudito or 
corpore; the umóoof the shield was 
sometimes used to repel a foe, etc. ; 
cf. Tac. Ann. 4. 51 miles contra de- 
turbare delis, pellere umbonibus. 
Umbone may, however, denote the 
curbing of the street, and so stand 
for the roadway itself; if so, it is 
abl. of separation. See Class. Rev. 
7. 203; cf. Stat. Silv. 4. 3. 47. On 
crowds in the streets of Rome see 
Iuv. 3. 243-248. 

6. invalidum . . . latus: for 
that duty a stout set of ribs is 
necessary.— ingenuum: a fine 
play on words; prop. *free-bom', 
then ‘such as a gentleman should 
have',then *weak','delicate',since 
gentlemen are not inured to hard- 
ship as slaves are. 'Some things 
clients are expected to do are be- 
neath a gentleman!’ Cf. ro. 47. 6; 
Ov. Tr. 1. 5. 71—72 Zi corpus erat 
durum patiensque laborum, invali- 
dae vires ingenuaeque mihi. 

7-8. quidlibet . . . sophos: 
‘good form and self-respect pre- 
clude my playing the réle of a 


88 M..VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 46. 9 


lis erit, ingenti faciet convicia voce, 
10 esse pudor vetuit fortia verba mihi. 
* Ergo nihil nobis " inquis “ praestabis amicus ? " 
Quidquid libertus, Candide, non poterit. 


Haec tibi, non alia, est ad cenam causa vocandi, 
versiculos recites ut, Ligurine, tuos. 

Deposui soleas, adfertur protinus ingens 
inter lactucas oxygarumque liber : 


claqueur. But my Zerius, not 
sparing his lungs, would ring the 
changes on applause'. See Plin. 
Ep. 2. 14. 4-10. — narraveris, 
chatter, babble; cf. 3. 63. 13; 8. 17. 
3; Petr. 44 zarratis quod nec ad 
caelum nec ad lerram pertinet. 
Professor Shorey, on Hor. C. 3 
19. 3, calls this use “ colloquial, al- 
most slangy, like French * Qu'est- 
ce que tu chantes?'" — tergemi- 
num = ziaxzmum.— sophos:see 
1.3.7 N4 1. 76. 10. 

9. lis: here personal wrangle. 
— faciet convicia = conviciabitur; 
cf. Ov. Am. 3. 3. 4I quid queror et 
toto facio convicia caelo ? 

ro. No gentleman could afford 
to bawl out on the streets. Cf. 
Plaut. Most. 6—7 quid tibi, malum, 
hic ante aedis clamitatiost? an ruri 
censes te esse? — fortia = magna, 
grandia, loud. 

ir. Candidus politely asks M. 
if heis going to give up his patron. 

12. Quidquid... poterit: sc. 
ego amicus praestabo; the emphasis 
is on amicus. ‘As your friend (i.e. 
if I receive a friend's treatment 
from you) I'll do what only a gen- 
tleman (6) and a friend can do’. 

50. C£. 3. 45. Introd. ; 3. 44; 6. 
43; 11. 52. IÓ N.; Pers.1. 30-31 ecce 
inter pocula. quaerunt. Romulidae 


saturi quid dia poemata narrent; 
Fried. SG. r. 433 ff. — Meter: $ 48. 

2. versiculos: dim. of con- 
tempt. — recites: if Ligurinus ate 
anything, it is improbable that he 
himself acted as recafor. It is 
more likely that, as usual, recourse 
was had to skilled slaves (azagno- 
stae, lectores). 

3. Deposui soleas: for the 
sake of greater ease or to avoid 
soiling the elegant szragu/a (2. 16. 
I NJ, sandals, which had been 
taken by the guests to the house 
of the host for use indoors, were 
removed when the guests took 
their places on the couches; so 
poscere soleas comes to mean ‘rise 
from dinner’. For the so/eae see 
also on I. 103. 6.— adfertur: a 
slave forthwith brings in the zzgezs 
liber; he does not even wait till 
the promudsis, during which the 
lactuca and the oxygarum were 
served (4), is over. 

4. oxygarum (ó£yapov) : one 
of several varieties of caviare (ga- 
rum), a condiment prepared with 
fish (generally scomder) and vinegar. 

5. perlegitur: note the force 
of the prep.; Ligurinus does not 
spare his guests.—fercula, courses. 
Ferculum prop. denotes that on. 
which something is carried, e.g. 


3. 52. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 89 


5 alter perlegitur, dum fercula prima morantur : 
tertius est neque adhuc mensa secunda venit : 
et quartum recitas et quintum denique librum ; 
putidus est, totiens si mihi ponis aprum. 
Quod si non scombris scelerata poemata donas, 
10 cenabis solus iam, Ligurine, domi. 


52 


Empta domus fuerat tibi, Tongiliane, ducentis : 
abstulit hanc nimium casus in urbe frequens. 


Conlatum est deciens. 


a tray, then that which is carried on 
the tray, e.g. food; then a course. 
Prima distinguishes the courses 
' proper, the main part of the dinner, 
from the mensae secundae, the des- 
sert. — morantur: we get the best 
effect by supposing that the serv- 
ice is purposely slow, to give time 
for the reading. The verb is then 


emotional; even the fzrcu/a are in , 


the plot to harass the guests. 

6. The dessert was called mezsa 
secunda or mensae secundae, be- 
cause it differed in kind from the 
Jercula that went before. It con- 
sisted of Ze//aria, fruits, nuts, pas- 
try, etc. There would naturally be 
a pause before the mensae secun- 
dae; cf. Petr. 68 interposito deinde 
spatio, cum secundas mensas Tri 
malchio iussisset adferri, sustule- 
runt servi omnes mensas et alias 
adtulerunt. 

7. quartum . . 
App. 

8. ‘We have grown tired of 
having your poetry as the caput 
cenae, just as, though we all appre- 
ciate a boar, we should dislike to 
have it served to us four or five 
times at a single dinner’. 

9. scombris ... donas: cf. 3. 
2. 3-5 N. 


. librum: see 


Rogo, non potes ipse videri 


52. On Tongilianus's way of 
increasing his property. — Meter : 
§ 48. 
a. fuerat: the tense is correct; 
the purchase preceded the loss, 2, 
and the contributions, 3. Zu, fu- 
eram, fuero, etc.,’are often used 
for sum, eram, ero, etc., in form- 
ing the compound tenses of the 
passive, in early Latin, in Silver 
Latin, and in the sermo plebeius.— 
ducentis: sc. mzbus sestertium 
(see on I. 103. 1), 200,000 seszertii. 
At this price the domus must have 
been a plain house. Cf. r. 117. 
7 N. 

z. nimium ...frequens: even 
after the Augustan age, despite 
the activity of the night watch 
(vigiles, Rome suffered greatly 
from fires; cf. e.g. Iuv. 3. 197-222. 
The loss fell heavily on persons of 
moderate means, because fire-in- 
surance associations were unknown 
to the Romans. See Fried. SG. 
I. 31 ff.; Lanciani Anc. R. 218 ff. 
— casus, misfortune, explained by 
Zncendisse, 4. 

3. Conlatum est (7/27): i.e. by 
friends. — deciens: five times his 
loss! — potes . . . videri: ie. are 
not people excusable if they sus- 
pect? 


90 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3. 52. 4 


incendisse tuam, Tongiliane, domum ? 


Baiana nostri villa, Basse, Faustini 
non otiosis ordinata myrtetis 
viduaque platano tonsilique buxeto 


4. incendisse...domum: i.e. 
in order to get a far better one. 
Cf. the modern trick of defrauding 
fireinsurance companies by firing 
buildings. See luv. 3. 212-222 
(note the similar phraseology) sz 
magna Asturici cecidit domus .. . 
tum gemimus casus urbis, tunc 
odimus ignem. Ardet adhuc et 
iam accurrit qui marmora donet, 
conferat inpensas; hic nuda et 
candida signa, hic aliquid praecta- 
rum Euphranoris et Polycliti, hic 
Asianorum vetera ornamenta deo- 
rum, hic libros dabit et forulos 
mediamque Minervam, hic modium 
argenti. Meliora ac plura reponit 
Persicus orborum | lautissimus et 
merito iam suspectus tamquam ipse 
suas incenderit aedes; Liv. 38. 60. 9 
collata ea pecunia a cognatis amz- 
cisque et clientibus est L. Scipioni, 
ut, si acciperet eam, locupletior 
aliquanto esset quam ante calami- 
latem fuerat (he had been con- 
demned for feculatus). 

58. The ordinary Roman did 
not resort to the sea-shore or to 
the mountains to farm, nor could 
he boast of a ras 7 urbe, as Sparsus 
could (12. 57. 20 ff). Faustinus 
could well afford to gratify his 
fancy here, for he had other villas 
which more rigidly corresponded 
to the prevailing fashions in such 
matters, e.g. one near Tibur (4. 57). 
Moreover, M. doubtless felt the 
need of utilizing to the full his own 
little Nomentanum (2. 38), and it 
was pleasant to have so distin- 
guished an exemplar as Faustinus. 


The vivid description suggests per- 
sonal acquaintance. — Meter: $ 52. 
i. Baiana...villa: Baiae 
maintained for over 500 years its 
preéminence as the most popular 
pleasure resort of theancient world. 
Here were displayed the utmost 
splendor of building and extrava- 
gance of living. See Fried. SG. 
2.118 ff. — nostri . .. Faustini: 
in 4.10 Faustinus is cazzs amicus; 
M. sent him Books III-IV of the 
epigrams (see 3. 2; 4. 10), which - 
Faustinus, as a poet (1. 25), doubt- 
less had the taste to appreciate. 
2. otiosis, zd/e and so unprofit- 
able, i.e. bearing no fruit. — ordi- 


Nata: join with 7z//a,1. *Faustinus's 


villa is not set out with . .. and 
does not', etc. For the sort of 
villa Faustinus does not have at 
Baiae see Hor. C. 2. 15. 1-10. — 
myrtetis: Hor. Ep. 1. 15. 5 men- 
tions the myrteta of Baiae. 

3. vidua ...platano: the Ro- 
mans thought of trees as (1) profit- 
able, because they produced fruit, 
or because they afforded suitable 
support for the vine, or (2) as 
affording shade or pleasure to the 
eye. Hence the vine is spoken of 
as wedded to trees like the elm, 
which, because its foliage was not 
very dense, made a good support 
for the vine; trees which could not 
be so utilized, e.g. the myrtle and 
the plane, are spoken of as wid- 
owed (vidua) or unwedded (caeebs) 
or barren (szerzEs). Cf. e.g. Hor. C. 
4. 5. 30 vitem viduas ducit ad ar- 
bores; 2. 15. 4-5 platanusgque caelebs 


3. 58. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA OI 


ingrata lati spatia detinet campi, 

s sed rure vero barbaroque laetatur. 
Hic farta premitur angulo Ceres omni 
et multa fragrat testa senibus autumnis ; 
hic post Novembres imminente iam bruma 
seras putator horridus refert uvas. 

to Truces in alta valle mugiunt tauri 
vitulusque inermi fronte prurit in pugnam. 


evincet ulmos; Verg. G. 2. 70; Iuv. 
8.78. As ashade-tree the oriental 
plane-tree was a great favorite, be- 
cause of its broad leaves (cf. Ten- 
nyson, “broad-leafed platan”). The 
myrtle and the plane were some- 
times planted in stately rows. See 
Fried. SG. 2. 192; Hehn 287 ff. — 
tonsili... buxeto: cf. Plin. N. H. 
I2. I3 primus C. Matius... divi 
Augusti amicus invenit nemora ton- 
sila; see 1. 88. 5 N.; Hehn 224 ff. 
On the word ézxefuzm see Cooper 
§ 20. — For the meter see § 52, b. 

4. ingrata, thankless, unappre- 
ciative, ie. unproductive; cf. ro. 
47. 4. — detinet: ie. from profit- 
able tillage; ‘appropriates abso- 
lutely to itself’. 

5. Insharpcontrast to artificial, 
man-made landscapes this estate 
shows the true country, wild and 
rustic (4arbaro). Cf. 10. 92. 3-4 has 
übi gemellas, barbari decus luci, 
commendo pinus. 

6. farta premitur, 7s packed 
down and pressed close. 

7. multa...testa: cf. plurima 
.. 227ag0, 1. 70. 6 N. Testa = am- 
phora, cadus; cf. 1. $3. 6 N.— 
senibus autumnis, o/Z vintages. 
Senibus is here an adj.; cf. fama 
anus, Y. 39. 2; 6. 27. 8 amphora 
anus. For autumnus = ‘fruits of 
autumn' (metonymy) cf. 2. 46. 2 
cum breve Sicaniae ver (i.e. the new 
flowers) gopulantur apes. 


8. post Novembres: in De- 
cember, when the vintage is over, 
but before it becomes too inclem- 
ent or cold to prune the vines. — 
imminente ...bruma: the work 
may have been put off till just 
before the solstice (recall the ety- 
mology of éruma); cf. 1. 49. 19-20 
at cum December canus et bruma 
impotens Aquilone rauco mugiet. 

9. seras... uvas: the putator 
(vinitor) picks the grapes which, be- 
cause they were unripe at vintage 
time, had then been left unplucked ; 
cf. 1. 43. 3 N. Even in December 
this villa is fruitful! — putator: it 
is instructive to trace the process 
by which 2z/o, which fundamen- 
tally means ‘cut’ (cf. azz2uto), came 
to mean ‘think’.—horridus, rough, 
true son of the soil. 

10. Truces...tauri: cf. Hor. 
Epod. 2. 11-12 aut in reducta valle 
mugientium — prospectat errantis 
greges. Truces = fiery, spirited. 

ir. vitulus . . . pugnam: the 
good blood of the sires (cf. truces 
... lauri) shows itself before the 
horns have had time to grow 
(¢xermi fronte). — inermi fronte: 
abl. abs., though its forehead, etc., 
or abl. of characteristic, horzless. 
— prurit in pugnam: cf. Eng. 
‘itch for a fight’; Hor. C. 3. 13. 3-5 
haedo cui frons turgida cornibus 
primis et venerem et proelia de- 
stinat. 


92 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 58. 12 


Vagatur omnis turba sordidae chortis, 
argutus anser gemmeique pavones 
nomenque debet quae rubentibus pinnis 
1s et picta perdix Numidicaeque guttatae 
et impiorum phasiana Colchorum ; : 
Rhodias superbi feminas premunt galli, 


12. sordidae, Jow/y; not neces- 
sarily ‘filthy’. M. is fond of using 
this adj. of outdoor things; cf. 
IO. 96. 4 Y.; 12. 57. 2 larem ... 
villae sordidum (said of the No- 
mentanum). 

i3ff. The list evidences the 
utility of the place; the members 
of the ¢wrbaare all edible orat least 
fit to adorn a fashionable table. 

13. argutus, clear-sounding, 
shrill; so often of the cry of a 
bird and of the human voice. Cf. 
9. 54. 8 arguto passere vernat ager. 
The ancients liked shrill sounds. 
Used of mental qualities the word 
means ‘sly’, ‘sagacious’. The epi- 
thet may have become proverbial 
in this latter sense of geese, be- 
cause geese were believed to have 
saved the Capitol from the Gauls. 
Fundamentally the word means 
‘bright’ in the physical sense. — 


anser: collective singular. — 
gemmei.. . pavones, spazgled 
peafowl. The peafowl, though 


long esteemed as a show-bird (cf. 
I Kings 10. 22; 2 Chron. 9. 21), 
did not become a table dish until 
a comparatively late time. The 
caprice of fashion enabled it to 
keep this place; its flesh is not 
comparable with that of many 
other fowls far less in demand. 
See 13. 70. Introd.; 13. 70. 2 N.; 
Hehn 342 ff. With gemmez cf. 13. 
70. 1 gemmantis . .. alas ( pavonis); 
Phaedr. 3. 18. 7-8 itor smaragdi 
collo praefulget tuo pictisque plumis 
gemmeam caudam explicas. 


14. nomen... quae (azz5): the 
phoenicopterus, flamingo, esteemed 
for its plumage, as was the avo. 
— rubentibus pinnis: cf. $ouuó- 
mrepos. Bon vivants ate only the 
tongue and brains of this bird. Cf. 
13. 71. 1-z dat mihi pinna rubens 
nomen, sed lingua gulosis nostra 
sait. 

15. picta perdix, the spotted 
partridge; cf. 13. 65. 1 ponitur Au- 
soniis avis haec rarissima mensis. 
—Numidicae...guttatae, 
guinea-hens; cf. Col. 8. 2. 2 Afri 
cana est, quam plerique Numidicam 
dicunt, meleagridi similis, nisi quod 
rutilam galeam et cristam capite 
gerit, quae utraque sunt in mele- 
agride caerulea; Hehn 353-354. — 
guttatae, spotted. On this word 
see Cooper § 53, p. 233. 

16. impiorum... Colchorum: 
the legends of the Argonautic 
expedition, esp. such as concerned 
Medea, gave to the Colchians a 
reputation for dealing in poison 
and the black art generally; cf. e.g. 
Hor. C. 2. 13. 8 Z//e venena. Colcha 
.. . tractavit.— phasiana (avis), 
the pheasant, named by the ancients 
from the river Phasis, in Colchis, 
the original home of the bird; cf. 
13. 72; luv. 11. 139 Scythicae vo- 
lucres. 

my. Rhodias . . . feminas: a 
breed of hens and cocks that came 
originally from Rhodes was much 
prized, the hens for size, the cocks 
for spirit. — premunt = caa, 
tread. 


3- 58^ 23] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 93 


sonantque turres plausibus columbarum, 

gemit hinc palumbus, inde cereus turtur. 
20  Avidi secuntur vilicae sinum porci 

matremque plenam mollis agnus expectat. 

Cingunt serenum lactei focum vernae 

et larga festos lucet ad lares silva. 


18. turres: pigeons make their. 


homes by preference in the very 


tops of buildings; see Ov. Tr. 1. 9. 


7-8 aspicis ut veniant ad candida 
tecta columbae, aspiciat nullas sor- 
dida turris aves ? — plausibus co- 
lumbarum describes the noise 
made by the flapping of their wings; 
gemit (19) describes their cooing. 
Columóa denotes the genus; PaZum- 
bus and turtur (19) give two species; 
see Hehn 335 ff 

19. gemit = guerztur; cf. Hor. 
Epod. 2. 26 gueruntur in silvis 
aves, Verg. E. 1. 57-58 mec tamen 
interea raucae, tua cura, palumbes, 
nec gemere aeria cessabit turtur ab 
umo; Tennyson, “the moan of 
doves in immemorial elms”.— 
cereus: ie. fat and sleek, like wax 
to the sight, though there may be 
thought also of the plumage as 
soft to the touch. Still, the refer- 
ence may be to color, yellow; cf. 
13. S. I cerea . . . ficedula; Verg. E. 
2. 53 cerea pruna. See also on 
aureus .. . turtur, 3. 60. 7. 

20. sinum: see on I. 15. 10. 

21. matrem...expectat: the 
lamb shut up at home waits for 
the return of the mother from 
the fields. —matrem... ple- 
nam: freely, ‘the rich stores of 
its mother’s milk’; plenam mollis 
is an effective juxtaposition. — 
expectat: i.e. shows by its bleating 
that it is waiting for (its mother). 

22-23. The scene shifts within 
doors, to the atrium of the villa. 
Here was the focus (see on 2. 9o. 7), 


near which stood the images of the 
Lares (see on I. 70. 2); there sac- 
rifices were made to the Lares. In 
the olden days everywhere, in later 
times in the country still, the house 
life centered there. 

22. Cinguntserenum... 
focum: cf. Hor. Epod. 2. 65-66 
positosgue (at supper) verzas... 
circum renidentis Lares; S. 2. 6. 
65-67. In our passage, probably 
(cf. 23), some special occasion is 
thought of, such as the Laralia or 
the dies natalzs of the head of the 
house; at such times the Lares were 
specially crowned. See Preller- 
Jordan 2. 107; Marq.-Wissowa 3. 
127-128. — serenum has regard 
not only to the good cheer of the 
fire, but to the well-kept condition 
of the hearth. See App. — lactei: 
either wAzte-s£zzzed, i.e. not tanned 
by exposure or outdoor labor, or, 
better, zursing, sucking; cf. yaa- 
Onvol. — vernae: see on i1. 4I. 2; 
2. 90. 9. 

23. larga... silva: the whole 
forest is drawn upon; there is no 
lack of fuel. Cf. 12. 18. 19-20; 
1. 49. 27 vicina in ipsum silva de- 
scendet focum.—festos . . . ad 
lares: see on 22, and on Zzcet be- 
low. The epithet, however, seems 
conventional and may merely serve 
to mark the general sense of 
contentment in the house; it was 
like a continual holiday there! — 
lucet: the polished Lares would’ 
be especially resplendent in the 
firelight. 


94 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 58. 24 


Non segnis albo pallet otio caupo, 

25 nec perdit oleum lubricus palaestrita, 
sed tendit avidis rete subdolum turdis 
tremulave captum linea trahit piscem 
aut inpeditam cassibus refert dammam. 
Exercet hilares facilis hortus urbanos, 

3o et paedagogo non iubente lascivi 
parere gaudent vilico capillati, 


24. On this estate everybody 
busies himself! The Roman whose 
land touched a highway was apt to 
follow Varro's advice, R. R. 1. 2. 23 
si ager (est) secundum viam et oppor- 
tunus viatoribus locus, aedificandae 
tabernae devorsoríae. See Fried. 
SG. 2. 41; Beck. 3. 35. Our eaugo 
not only took charge of the zaberna, 
which in such a place would hardly 
demand all his time, but did some- 
thing outdoors that put the color 
in his cheeks. — albo, whztening, 
pale-making; transferred epithet. 
Cf. 1. 55. 14 vivat et urbanis albus 
in officiis; Fried. SG. r. 37 ff. 

25. perdit oleum: ie. lose 
(spend vainly) his time; cf. Iuv. 
7.99 gerit hic plus temporis atque 
olei (said of the historians, who get 
nothing from their books). See 
on 13. I. 3. — lubricus: ie. with 
oil, which was smeared on the 
naked bodies of the wrestlers. — 
palaestrita: every great domus 
(sometimes too the vZ//2) had its 
gymnasium or palaestra. This fa- 
Jaestrita had come from town with 
the familia urbana and, finding his 
occupation largely gone, had taken 
to the useful diversions of 26-28. 

26. tendit. .. turdis: cf. Hor. 
Epod. 2. 33-34 aut amite levi rara 
Tendit retia, turdis edacibus dolos. 

27. tremula . . . piscem: cf. 
I. 55. 9 e (cui licet) piscem tremula 
salientem ducere saeta; Ov. M. 3. 


586-587; 8.217. T*emula = quiv- 
ering. — linea = saeta, seen in 
IO. 30. 16; 1. 55. 9, cited above. 

28. cassibus: from casses; cf. 
rete, plaga. — refert: sc. domum, 
as a proof of his skill — dam- 
mam: to the Romans, who did not 
eat beef and were surfeited with 
swine's flesh, venison must have 
been a delicacy. Cf. 13. 94. 2 N.; 
I. 49. 23-24 bi inligatas mollibus 
dammas plagis mactabis; luv. 11. 
120 ff. See 13. 94. Intród. 

29. Editors differ concerning 
the interpretation of this vs., esp. 
of Azares... urbanos. — Exercet, 
keeps busy. — hilares...urbanos: 
best taken of the familia urbana, 
of whom some were regularly 
brought from town to equip the 
villa, when the master made a so- 
journ in the country. — facilis, 
easy to work; render, ‘the garden 
provides easy work for’, etc. — On 
the meter see $ 52, b. 

30. paedagogo . . . iubente: 
ie. without being driven to such 
work, though the paedagogus lets 
up somewhat with the tasks of the 
paedagogium, or slave school, in 
which vezzae were trained to skilled 
services. On such 7aedagogía see 
Marq. 157-158; Beck. 2. 145 ff. 

31. parere . . . vilico: i.e. do 
whatever the farm-steward might 
bid them do. — capillati: sc. 2uer 
= servi, and see 2. 57. 5 N. 


3. 58. 41] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 95 


et delicatus opere fruitur eunuchus, 
Nec venit inanis rusticus salutator : 
fert ille ceris cana cum suis mella 
3; metamque lactis Sassinatis; de silva 
somniculosos ille porrigit glires, 
hic vagientem matris hispidae fetum, 
alius coactos non amare capones. 
Et dona matrum vimine offerunt texto 
40 grandes proborum virgines colonorum. 
Facto vocatur laetus opere vicinus 


32. delicatus, effeminate. For 
the meter see $ 52, b. 

33-44. Faustinus is on friendly 
terms with the neighboring coZozz. 
The ce/ezi bring to him simple 
gifts; he entertains them in his 
turn. — 

33. inanis, empty-handed. In 
Rome clients not only came zza- 
nes, but also expected the sportula. 
We need not infer that Faustinus 
maintained a daily sa/uzatie of the 
city sort. 

34. ceris...cum suis: honey 
in the comb could not be adulter- 
ated. — cana: “ight yellow, almost 
white, 

35-36. metam ... Sassinatis: 
see I. 43. 7 N. The reference may, 
however, be to cheeses madeon the 
farm of the giver; metae Sassinates 
wasperhaps a tradeterm forcheeses 
of a peculiar shape and color. See 
App.—de silva... glires: cf. 
Plin. N. H. 16. 18 fagum muri- 
bus gratissimum est, et ideo animalis 
eius una proventus ; glires quoque 
saginat.— somniculosos: cf. 13. 
59; Non. 119 Laberius in Aquis 
Caldis: et iam hic me optimus som- 
nus premit ut premitur glis. — 
porrigit : freely, * proffers'. — gli- 
res: dormice were accounted a 


delicacy; cf. Petr. 31 Pontzculs etiam 
Jerruminati sustinebant glires melle 
ac papavere sparsos. 

37. hic: sc. porrigit, fert. — 
vagientem . . . fetum, Jdleating 
Aid; the kid bleats because taken 
from the mother; cf. 7. 31. 3 e fe- 
tum querulae rudem capellae. 

38. coactos non amare = ca- 
stratos, 

39-40. The wives of the colonz 
pay their respects indirectly, per- 
haps to the wife of Faustinus. 
The simplicity and purity of the 
country are contrasted with the 
corruption of the metropolis. — 


vimine . texto, 7 a basket 
of oszers. — grandes, wedl-grown, 
sturdy. 

41. vocatur = adhibetur, i.e. ad 
cenam; cf. 1. 20. I N.j I. 43. 1. 
—]aetus: ie. satisfied because 


work is over, and anticipating the 
feast. 

42-44. In contrast to what is all 
too common at a cena pudlica in 
the city, Faustinus spares no ex- 
pense to make this dinner fine; be- 
sides, it is served to be eaten (ec 

.. Servat .. . dapes; contrast 1. 
103. 7; I0. 48. 17). Further, the 
delicacies are not alone for the 
host and a few particular friends, 


96 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 58. 42 


nec avara servat crastinas dapes mensa ; 
vescuntur omnes ebrioque non novit 
satur minister invidere convivae. 

45 At tu sub urbe possides famem mundam 
et turre ab alta prospicis meras laurus, 
furem Priapo non timente securus, 
et vinitorem farre pascis urbano 
pictamque portas otiosus ad villam 

so  holus, ova, pullos, poma, caseum, mustum. 
Rus hoc vocari debet, an domus longe ? 


but all, even the slaves, are well 
treated (43; contrast e.g. 3. 60). 

42. crastinas : proleptic; free- 
ly, ‘until tomorrow’, ‘for another 
dinner’. —dapes: cf. 3. 45. 3 N. 

43-44. novit. . . invidere: for 
the const. cf. 7. 25. 8; 8. 18. 6; 10. 2. 
12. — satur minister: the slaves 
who serve the dinner have so much 
to eat from what is left by their 
betters that they do not envy the 
guests their wine; cf. 2. go. 9. 

45. tu: Bassus, who had not 
chickens enough to keep him in 
eggs (3. 47. 14) or garden enough 
to raise the commonest vegetables, 
much less grain for his slaves. — 
sub urbe: cf. 3. 47 throughout. 
— famem mundam, elegant star- 
vation, i.e. an estate where neatness 
and order obtain everywhere but 
there is nothing to eat. Cf. 2zctazz 
... villam, 49. 

46. turre abalta: the rich liked 
to rear high palaces; cf. e.g. Hor. 
C. 1. 4. 13-14 fauperum tabernas 
regumque turres. Faustinus had 
his Zurres, but he had something 
else too. — meras laurus, zoth- 
ing but laurels. The outlook is 
agreeable, yes, but the /aurzs is 
to be classed with the trees of 


2-3. 


47. furem ... securus: ‘ma- 
rauders will not prey on your gar- 
dens, Bassus, for no thief cares for 
bay leaves’. Cf. 10. 94, esp. 3-4. — 
Priapo: Priapus was the protector 
of gardens, vineyards, and country 
life in general. His statue, gener- 
ally a rough red-stained Hermes of 
wood, was set up in gardens and 
served as a scarecrow for destruc- 
tive birds. Cf. Verg. G. 4. 110-111 
et custos furum atque avium cum 
Jalee saligna Hellespontiaci servet 
tutela Priapi; Hor. S. 1. 8. 1 ff.; 
Ov. F. 1. 415. 

48. vinitorem: cf. putator, 9. 
— pascis: fasco is prop. used of 
feeding beasts. — urbano, brought 
rom town ! 

49. pictam...villam: a mere 
show-place, such as one might see 
in a (Pompeian) wall-painting. — 
otiosus: freely, ‘idly’, or ‘you 
idler' The word contrasts the 
laziness and ineffectiveness of Bas- 
sus’s ‘farming’ with the busyscenes 
of Faustinus’s estate, where, with- 
out feeling any sense of strain, all 
work and make everything yield a 
profit. 

51. Rus...domus longe: a 
country villa (cf. 1. 12. 3; 4. 64. 25) 
or à town house in the country. 


3. 60. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 97 


Cum vocer ad cenam non iam venalis ut ante, 
cur mihi non eadem, quae tibi, cena datur ? 

Ostrea tu sumis stagno saturata Lucrino, 
sugitur inciso mitulus ore mihi: 

s sunt tibi boleti, fungos ego sumo suillos : 

res tibi cum rhombo est, at mihi cum sparulo: 

aureus inmodicis turtur te clunibus implet, 
ponitur in cavea mortua pica mihi. 


— longe: ie. far from where it 
naturally belongs. Zozge seems to 
belong closely with domus, but 
prob. M. had est more or less defi- 
nitely in mind. We have an adv. 
with a noun usually only (1) when 
the noun easily suggests a verb, as 
Verg. À. 1. 21 populum late regem 
(cf. regnantem), and (2) when the 
adv. is-closely associated with an 
adj. and a noun, as Verg. A. 1. 13- 
14 Carthago, Italiam contra Tibe- 
rinaque longe ostia; Liv. 21.8. 5 tres 
deinceps turres; Iuv.3. 34 quondam 
hi cornicines. 

60. Rader wittily remarks that 
M. here “guerztur etiam in recta cena 
non recte cenar". Cf. 1. 20, with 
notes; 1. 43; 3. 7. — Meter: § 48. 

I. vocer = adhibear; cf. 1. 20. 
I N. — ad ceham: sc. zeciam ; see 
2.69.7 N.— non... venalis: ie. 
not one whose company is weighed 
in the balance against so much 
hard cash, but one who is supposed 
to come as a friend. Cf. 3. 30. 1 
sportula nulla datur ; gratis conviva 
recumbis. — ut ante: ie. as when 
we received the money dole. 

3. Ostrea... Lucrino: cf. 3. 
45.6; 5. 37-3; 6. 11. 5. The Lu- 
crine oyster was in such repute that 
oysters were transplanted from 
other less favored localities to be 
fattened there. — stagno: after 





the construction of the Julian Har- 
bor there could have been little 
tide from the Mediterranean in the 
Lacus Lucrinus; cf. 3. 20. 20 piger 
Lucrino nauculatur in stagno ? 

4. sugitur: the apology for 
oysters served to M. had been 
only half opened; he could only 
suck the juice from the shell, and 
in trying to do this he cut his 
mouth. Zzciso ...ore may, how- 
ever, mean ‘having cut a hole 
therein’. — mitulus: the common 
edible mussel. 

5. boleti: see 1. 20. 2 N. — fun- 
gos...suillos: an inferior kind; 
cf. Iuv. 5. 146-148 vibus ancipites 
fungi ponentur amicis, boletus 
domino. 

6-8. Note striving for variety 
ine... zmplet, ponitur... miki;so, 
less markedly, in 3-5. —rhombo: 
see 3. 45. 5 N. — sparulo: a fish 
unknown to us, but clearly inferior 
to the rhombus; cf. Ov. Hal. 106 
et super aurata sparulus cervice 
refulgens. — aureus . . . turtur: 
cf. 3. 58. IQ N. Aureus may = very 
fine, first-rate, or may refer to the 
color of the flesh when cooked. — 
inmodicis...clunibus: the bird 
was very fat in the parts that ap- 
pear to have been most esteemed; 
cf. Plin. N. H. 10. 140 postea culz- 
narum artes, ut clunes spectentur 


98 M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3- 60. 9 


Cur sine te ceno, cum tecum, Pontice, cenem ? 
10 sportula quod non est prosit: edamus idem. 


Esse nihil dicis quidquid petis, inprobe Cinna: 
si nil, Cinna, petis, nil tibi, Cinna, nego. 


Cotile, bellus homo es: dicunt hoc, Cotile, multi. 
Audio: sed quid sit dic mihi bellus homo? 
* Bellus homo est, flexos qui digerit ordine crines, 
balsama qui semper, cinnama semper olet, 
s cantica qui Nili, qui Gaditana susurrat, 


(i.e. by the guests at table). — in 

pica: M. assumes that the 
magpie was found dead in its cage, 
for the pica was not kept to be 
eaten, and as a pleasure bird would 
not be wantonly killed. 

9. Pontice: cf. 4. 85. 1-2 zs 
bibimus vitro, tu murra, Pontice. 
Quare? prodat perspicuus ne duo 
vina calix; 9. 19. 

10. Sportula...est: the subj. 
of prosit; see 3. 7, with notes. — 
quod: see 2. 11.1 N. — prosit: sc. 
mihi or clientibus. — idem: cf. 
eadem ... cena, 2. 

61. M. gives Cinna, who had 
apparently resented his indiffer- 
ence (cf. zzprobe Cinna), just what 
Cinna asks for, i.e. 277. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. quidquid petis: 
esse. 

63. Cf. 1.9; 2.7; Fried. SG. r. 
431-432. — Meter: $ 48. 

ri. Cotile: prob. coined from 
xoriXos, ‘prattling’, ‘babbling’. 

2. Audio: i.e. everywhere. 

3. Cotilus answers, 3-12; M. 
makes him utterlycondemn himself 


subj. of 


(cf. 13-14). — flexos . . . crines: 
ie. curled on a calamistrum, curl- 
ing-iron; cf. 10.65. 6; 2. 36. 1. The 
fact that the Roman gentleman or- 
dinarily did not wear a hat encour- 
aged the fop in extravagant care 
of his hair. — ordine: abl. of man- 
ner, carefully, elaborately; cf. Ov. 
Am. 1. 11, 1-2 colligere incertos et 
in ordine ponere crines docta. 

4. Another mark of effeminacy 
unconsciously acknowledged by 
Cotilus. Cf. 2. 12. 3-4 hoc mihi 
suspectum. est, quod oles bene, Po- 
Sume, semper ; PostiBue, non bene 
olet qui bene semper olet. — cinna- 
ma: cf. 4. I3. 3. 

5. cantica... Nili: obscene 
ditties from Alexandria or, more 
probably, from Canopus; see Fried. 
SG. 3. 335 ff.; 3. 345 ff. Canopus, 
which was connected with Alexan- 
dria by a pleasure canal, was noto- 
rious for vice; cf. Fried. SG. 2. 
I59.— Gaditana: sc. cantica or 
carmina; cf. 1. 41. I2 N; I. 61. 
9 N. — susurrat, 475; note the 
onomatopcesia. Cf. szzare, Eng. 
‘hiss’, ‘buzz’, and like words. 


* 


3. 63. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 99 


qui movet in varios bracchia volsa modos, 
inter femineas tota qui luce cathedras 
desidet atque aliqua semper in aure sonat, 
qui legit hinc illinc missas scribitque tabellas, 
10 pallia vicini qui refugit cubiti, 
qui scit quam quis amet, qui per convivia currit, 
Hirpini veteres qui bene novit avos ". 


6. in... modos:ie.inchanging 
attitudes called for by the varying 
musical measures (mod2). Jn = 
tn accordance (harmony) with, to 
keep time with. In this sense ad is 
commoner. For the Roman atti- 
tude toward dancing see on 2. 7. 5. 
Saltare, saltatio, included move- 
ments also with arms or hands; cf. 
Ov. A. A. I. 595 (advice to a lover) 
si vox est, canta; si mollia bracchia, 
Salta; 2. 305 bracchia saltantis, vo- 
cem mirare canentis. — bracchia 
volsa: see on 2. 29. 6. 

7. inter femineas . . . cathe- 
dras: e.g. at the recitations; cf. 
I. 76. 13 N. The upholstered re- 
clining cathedra was essentially a 
woman's chair; cf. Hor. S. 1. Io. 
90-91 Demetri, teque Tigelli, disci- 
pularum inter iubeo plorare cathe- 
dras; Beck. 2. 348 ff.; Marq. 726 ff. 
—tota...luce: from morning 
to night; for the abl. cf. 7. 65. 3 
viginti litigat annis; 2.5.1 N. 

8. desidet, lounges idly away; 
cf. Sen. Ep. 7. 2 mil vero tam 
damnosum bonis moribus quam in 
aliquo spectaculo desidere; Lust. 21. 
5. 4 non contentus . . . conspici in 
popinis lupanaribusque, sed totis 
diebus desidere. —in aure sonat: 
ie. half privately, confidentially; 
cf. 1. 89. 4. — sonat = garrit; cf. 
Prop. 1. 12. 6 dulcis in aure sonat. 

9. The Ze//us homo receives bil- 
lets-doux (/a5e//as: sc. amatorias) 
from every quarter, and is in 


demand at banquets, 11; cf. Ov. 
A. A. 1. 383 dum (il/a) dat recipitque 
tabellas. 

10. See 2. 4I. IO N. — pallia: 
one of the foreign types of dress 
that from the end of the Republic 
tended to take the placeof thecum- 
bersome toga. — refugit, avozds, 
shrinks from. For the trisyllabic 
verse-ending see $ 48, b. 

1r. The ée//us homo knows all 
the town gossip, and is a profes- 
sionaldiner-out. Juvenal's typical 
town woman was also a gad-about: 
cf. 6. 402—404 haec eadem novit quid 
toto fiat in orbe, quid Seres, quid 
Traces agant, secreta novercae et 
pueri, quis amet, quis diripiatur 
adulter. 

12. The dellus homo has at his 
tongue's end the pedigrees of the 
favorite race-horses. See Fried. 
SG. 2. 333 ff.; Marq.-Wissowa 3. 
511 ff.; Lanciani Anc. R. 213 ff. 
—Hirpini: Hirpinus (named 
doubtless from his birthplace, the 
country of the Hirpini a well- 
known stock-raising region in 
southern Samnium) was a famous 
horse. He won the first prize 131 
times; his grandsire Aquilo won 
first place 130 times, second place 
88 times. Cf. Iuv. 8. 57 ff. nempe 
volucrem sic laudamus ecum, facili 
cul plurima palma fervet et exultat 
rauco victoria circo; ...sed venale 
pecus Coryphaei posteritas et Hir- 
pint, si rara iugo victoria sedit. 


IOO 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[3 63. 13 


Quid narras? hoc est, hoc est homo, Cotile, bellus ? 
res pertricosa est, Cotile, bellus homo. 


t i 


99 


Irasci nostro non debes, cerdo, libello : 
ars tua, non vita, est carmine laesa meo. 
Innocuos permitte sales: cur ludere nobis 
non liceat, licuit si iugulare tibi ? 


13. Quidnarras? M.interrupts 
abruptly. For zerrassee 3. 46. 7 N. 
—hoc... est: the repetition 
marks M.’s surprise and disgust. 

14. res pertricosa: pred.nom.; 
placed first for emphasis, and that 
the epigram may end with the three 
words with which it begins. With 
pertricosa cf. tricae, and note on 
apinas, 1. 113. 2. For fer- see on 
perinane, 1. 76. 10; Cooper § 31, 
p. 129. 

99. The word cerdo (cf. the 
name Képówv) seems to have been 
not only a common noun, but to 
have been used as a contemptuous 
soubriquet for those engaged in 
small trade and handicrafts, those 
whom Cic. Flac. 7. 17 calls szzores 
et zonaríi (see Duff on Iuv. 8. 182). 
The cerdo here ridiculed may be 
the man satirized in 3. 16; 3. 59 
sutor cerdo dedit tibi, culta Bononia, 
munus, fullo dedit Mutinae: nunc 
ubi copa dabit? We may suppose 
that he resented these epigrams; 
M. now, under the mask of an 
apology, makes matters worse. — 
Meter: $ 48. 


1. libello, Aasguinade, lampoon; 
cf. Suet. Aug. 55 efiam sparsos de se 
Zn curia famosos libellos nec expavit. 

2. arstua: ie. ‘your ars sutoria 
and your as gladiatoria, along with 
the new réle you are trying to play 
in society'. — non... meo: ‘my 
thrusts are harmless, which is more 
than I can say for yours’; cf. note 
on zzgulare, 4. — carmine laesa 
meo: cf. 3. 97. 2 (Chione) car mzne 
laesa meo est. Laedere is thus re- 
peatedly used of hurting with 
libelous or satirical verses. 

3. Innocuos: cf. 1.4. 7; 7. 12.9 
ludimus innocuz.— sales: cf. 1. 41. 
16 N. — ludere nobis: ie. ‘why 
may not we (I and those who with 
me enjoy the fun) have a Zudus on 
our own account, as you have your 
munus? Surely a man who kills 
other men ought not to think him- 
self mortally hurt when I make 


game of him’. For Zudere cf. 1. 41. 


I9; 1. 113. I. 

4. iugulare: the cerdo did this 
as editor spectaculorum; cf. 3. 59, 
cited in Introd.; Lib. Spect. 29, 
with notes, 


LIBER IV 


8 


Prima salutantes atque altera conterit hora, 
exercet raucos tertia causidicos, 

in quintam varios extendit Roma labores, 
sexta quies lassis, septima finis erit, 


5 


8. Addressed to Euphemus, 
with a presentation copy of Book 
IV for Domitian. Tous the interest 
of the epigram lies in M.’s account 
of the routine of the Roman day. 
The dies civilis began at midnight 
and was twenty-four hours long; the 
dies naturatis extended from sunrise 
to sunset. With the introduction of 
sun-dials (solaria horologia) about 
250 B.C. it became possible to divide 
the day into hours; these dials 
were, however, useless when the 
sun was obscured. Water-clocks 
(clepsydrae: see on 6. 35.1) subse- 
quently came into use and fixed the 
division into horae. These horae, 

, though of equal length at any given 
time of the year, were not horae of 
sixty minutes; they were much 
longer in summer than in winter. 
See Marq. 250 ff.; Beck. 2. 406 ff. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1, Prima... hora: forthe early 
hour of the salutatzo cf. 2. 18. 3 N.; 
Io. 58. 11—12. — conterit, uses uf, 
wastes; cf. Cic. De Or. 1. 58. 249 
cum in causis et in negotiis et in 
foro conteramur. The word well 
expresses M.’s disgust with the 
officium; see 1. 70. 


IOI 


sufficit in nonam nitidis octava palaestris, 


2. raucos is proleptic, /// they 
are hoarse; it gives the effect of 
exercet; cf. Hor. S. 1.4.65-66 Sud- 
cius acer ambulat et Caprius rauci 
male cumque libellis (‘their indict- 
ments’); Iuv. 8. 59 exzltat rauco 
victoria circo. 

3. in quintam: i.e. to the end 
of the fifth hour, to midday. 

4. quies lassis: with the sixth 
hour came cessation from work 
and then luncheon ( prandium, me- 
renda); in olden times this was the 
main meal, but later, when the 
formal ceza became the main meal, 
this was a sort of second break- 
fast. See Beck. 3. 319 ff.; Marq. 
266 ff. — septima . . . erit: the 
seventh hour was devoted to wind- 
ing up the day's work; cf. Hor. 
Ep. 1. 7. 46-48 strenuus et fortis 
causisque Philippus agendis clarus 
ab officiis octavam circiter horam 
dum redit. 

5. Ordinarily the eighth hour 
was devoted to physical exercise 
and to the bath; cf. 10. 48. 1. After 
the great ¢hermae were erected 
(see 2. 14. 11-12 N.), with ample 
apartments for the Zalaestra and 
for games of every sort, it became 


102 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 8. 6 


imperat extructos frangere nona toros : 
hora libellorum decima est, Eupheme, meorum, 
temperat ambrosias cum tua cura dapes 
et bonus aetherio laxatur nectare Caesar 
10 ingentique tenet pocula parca manu. 


fashionable to bathe there rather 
than at home, and exercise and the 
bath proper became virtually parts 
of one thing. — nitidis... palae- 
stris: the 2a/aestra was prop. a 
place for wrestling, then the exer- 
cise itself; cf. note on 2a/aestrita, 
3. 58. 25. — nitidis: ie. with oil; 
cf. 3. 58. 25 N. 

6. imperat . .. nona (ora): 
with regard to the dinner-hour cus- 
tomis law. In the best prose only 
the pass. inf. is used with zero. 
See Soed. 13.— extructos . . . 
toros: the bolsters, piled high on 
the lectus, which was in itself a 
mere framework. See 2. 16. 1 N. 
Cf. Verg. A. 11. 66 exstructosque 
toros obtentu frondis inumbrant. — 
frangere: ie. to disturb the per- 
fect order and smoothness of the 
Zecti, by taking their places on them 
(accumbere, discumbere); cf. 2. 59. 3 
frange toros, pete vina, rosas cape, 
Unguere nardo. 

7. hora... meorum: ie. ‘the 
tenth hour is the most favorable 
time for bringing my new book to 
the attention of the emperor’. 
Euphemus is not to force the book 
upon the emperor’s attention dur- 
ing the formal /ercz/a, but to wait 
until the coming of the mensae 
secundae affords opportunity or the 
comissatio puts the tyrant in good 
humor. — Eupheme: a Greek 
freedman, ¢ricliniarches or chief 
steward of the emperor, holding a 
position of importance and trust, 
esp. if he served also as the prae- 
gustator. The tricliniarches would 
seem to have remained on duty in 


the ¢riclinium during the whole 
dinner; cf. Petr. 22 zam et triclint- 
arches experrectus lucernis occiden- 
tibus oleum. infuderat. Here he 
may have introduced a reader 
(anagnostes) as an entertainer 
(acroama) to read from the new 
book (see 3. 50. 2 N.) and thus 
excite the interest of the em- 
peror. 

8. temperat: i.e. so plans and 
arranges as to have a dinner per- 
fectly proportioned in all its parts. 
— ambrosias . . . dapes: if Do- 
mitian were not yet in his own 
estimation a god, he was soon to 
be, and he must, according to M. 
and like flatterers, dine like a god; 
cf. 5. 8. 1; 10. 72; 8. 39. 1-4 quz 
Palatinae caperet convivia mensae 
ambrosiasgue dapes non erat ante 
locus; hic haurire decet sacrum, 
Germanice, nectar, et Ganymedea 
pocula mixta manu; Mommsen 
Staats. 2.759, N. 3. — cura, avxzely 
to please, watchful care. 

9. bonus... Caesar: for M.’s 
flattery of Domitian see §§ 8-9; 36. 
—aetherio...nectare: cf. notes 
on 8; Hor. C. 3. 3. 11-12 quos inter 
Augustus recumbens purpureo bibet 
ore nectar. — laxatur, zzbends, i.e. 
throws off the cares of state; cf. 
animum laxare. 

10. ingenti... manu: ie. with 
the hand that rules the world. — 
parca, sparing, temperate; cf. Suet. 
Dom. 21 prandebatque ad satie- 
tatem ut non temere super cenam 
praeter Matianum malum et modi- 
cam in ampulla potiunculam su- 
meret. 


4. 10. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


103 


Tunc admitte iocos: gressu timet ire licenti 
ad matutinum nostra Thalia Iovem. 


Dum novus est nec adhuc rasa mihi fronte libellus, 
pagina dum tangi non bene sicca timet, 

i puer et caro perfer leve munus amico, 
qui meruit nugas primus habere meas. 

5 Curre, sed instructus: comitetur Punica librum 

spongea: muneribus convenit illa meis ; 

non possunt nostros multae, Faustine, liturae 
emendare iocos: una litura potest. 


11-12, Tunc admitte iocos: 
see end of notes on 5; cf. 10. 20. 19— 
21.— gressu...lovem: as censor 
morum Domitian might for appear- 
ance's sake pose as the guardian 
of public virtue; see 1. 4, with notes. 
—ire: ie. to pay her respects to. 
For inf. with “met cf. 4. 10. 2; 
Tib. 1. 4. 21 zec zurare time; Soed. 
I 5. — licenti, bo/d, wanton. — ma- 
tutinum: ie. when busied with 
serious duties (cf. 1-3 above), and 
so not ready for lighter things such 
as ioci.— nostra Thalia: Thalia 
was the Muse of lighter poetry, 
esp. comedy; cf. 7. 17. 4; 9. 26. 8; 
IO. 20. 3. — Iovem: Domitian; cf. 
Stat. Silv. 1. 6. 25-26 ducat nubila 
Juppiter per orbem et latis pluvias 
minetur agris dum nostri Jovis hi 
ferantur imbres (i.e. presents). 

IO. To the Faustinus of 1. 25 
M. sends the new book. Perhaps 
M. and Faustinus were friendly 
critics of each other's work. — 
Meter: § 48. 

I. rasa... fronte: cf.1.66.10N. 

2. tangi . . . timet: cf. Ziset 
ire, 4. $. IL N. — non bene sicca: 
the ink (atramentum) used by the 
Romans was made of sootand gum; 


hence before it dried thoroughly 
it could be easily removed by 
sponge and water. 

3. i... et: here without the 
derisive force noted on I. 42. 6. — 
leve munus: a gift insignificant in 
size and trifling, light, in subject- 
matter. 

4. meruit... meas: because 
of his friendship and critical acu- 
men.— meruit...habere: cf. 5. 
22. 1N. — nugas: cf. 1. 113. 6 N. 

5. instructus: ie. properly 
equipped; the slave is to have not 
merely the book, but also a Pzzica 
spongea, to erase the writing if need 
be. Cf. Suet. Cal. 20 (ferunt) eos 

. scripta sua spongea linguave 
delere iussos, nisi ferulis obiurgari 
aut flumine proximo mergi maluis- 
sent. 

7-8. liturae: cf. 1. 3. 9 N.— 
emendare, remove the faults (men- 
dae) of. 

I4. M. wrote this epigram, it 
would seem, to accompany a copy 
of his poems which he sent to Silius 
Italicus as a present at the Satur- 
nalia (see on 6). Ti. Catius Silius 
Italicus, who was born about 25, 
is better known to us as author of 


104 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4.14 1 


Sili, Castalidum decus sororum, 
qui periuria barbari furoris 
ingenti premis ore perfidosque 
astus Hannibalis levisque Poenos 
5 magnis cedere cogis Africanis, 
paulum seposita severitate, 


the Punica, a long epic poem on 
the Second Punic War, than as a 
rich lawyer, a centumvir, and an 
art critic. Yet it was only after 
he had amassed wealth and had 
attained consular rank that he 
withdrew from public life and de- 
voted himself to literature. Beside 
other villas (one of which had been 
Cicero's) he had a Neapolitanum, 
and Friedlander thinks that M. 
made his acquaintance during the 
summer of 88, which M. seems to 
have spent near Naples; cf. 3. 58. 
Naturally Silius took Vergil as his 
model. He carried his esteem of 
Vergil almost to the point of wor- 
ship, the more so, doubtless, after 
he had come into possession of the 
ground on which stood the tomb 
of Vergil; cf. 11. 48; Plin. Ep. 3. 7. 
8. At the age of seventy-five, be- 
cause he was suffering from an in- 
curable malady, he starved himself 
to death. Cf. 7. 63. —Meter: $ 49. 

I, Castalidum . . . sororum: 
in M.’s flattery Silius is the glory 
not merely of the Italian Camenae 
but of the nine Muses, daughters 
of Zeus and Mnemosyne, to whom, 
as to Apollo, the Fons Castalia on 
Mount Parnassus was sacred; cf. 
7.12. 10 per genium Famae Castalz- 
umgue gregem; Apoll. Sidon. C. 
1.9 Castalidum chorus. 

2-5. qui... Africanis: ie. in 
the Punica; in this poem, naturally, 
the Scipios were national heroes. 


2. periuria... furoris: Car- 
thaginian patriotism is furor in a 
Roman's eyes; cf. 6. 19. 6 et periu- 
via Punici furoris; Sil. 1. 79 (Ha- 
milcar) sollers nutrire furores. To 
the Romans Hannibal is always 
periurus, perfidus; cf. Hor. C. 4. 4. 
49 perfidus Hannibal, Liv. 21.4.9 
tantas viri (= Hannibalis) virtutes 
ingentia vitia aequabant, . . . perfi- 
dia plus quam Punica; Stat. Silv. 
4. 6. 77—798 semper atrox dextra per- 
turogue ense superbus Hannibal; 
perjidos...astus Hannibalis, 3-4 
below, with note. Punica fides was 
proverbial.— barbari: see on Lib. 
Spect. 1. r. 

3-4. ingenti... ore, with 
mighty utterance. — premis = of- 
primis, overwhelm, i.e. set forth in 
words of proper scorn; M. is pay- 
ing a tribute to the realistic char- 
acter of Silius's poem. — perfidos 
... Hannibalis: see on 2. Perf- 
dus cannot be justly applied to 
Hannibal. It flattered Roman 
pride, however, to regard every- 
thing Carthaginian as naturally 
bad, and everything Roman as nat- 
urally good; cf. Val. Max. 5. 1. 
Ext. 6 si quidem illos Punico astu 
decepit, Romana mansuetudine ho- 
noravit. See App. — levis, fickée, 
false, to treaties, etc.; cf. Hor. C. 
3. 9. 22 fu levior cortice. 

6. paulum: ie. during the 
brief period of the Saturnalia. 
The festival of Saturnus, which 


4. 14. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


105 


dum blanda vagus alea December 
incertis sonat hinc et hinc fritillis 
et ludit tropa nequiore talo, 

10 nostris otia commoda Camenis, 
nec torva lege fronte, sed remissa 
lascivis madidos iocis libellos. 


occurredin December, after the har- 
vest and the vintage (cf. etymology 
of Saturnus), was a time of general 
merrymaking and good-natured 
license. Business was suspended; 
the courts adjourned; schools 
closed; presents were exchanged; 
slaves enjoyed unusual liberties; 
the legal prohibition of gambling 
was suspended. The toga was laid 
aside and men appeared in the 
parti-colored syzthes7s with conical 
caps (7/e): these were worn by 
newly emancipated slaves. See 
Marq.-Wissowa 3. 586 ff.; Preller- 
Jordan 2. 15 ff. 

7. blanda...alea: so alluring 
and seductive was gambling that 
men repeatedly defied the law (see 
on 6; cf. Hor. C. 3. 24. 58 vetita 
legibus alea); cf. 4. 66. 15; 5. 84. 
2-4 (tam) blando male proditus fri- 
Ulo, arcana modo raptus e popina, 
aedilem rogat udus aleator. Blanda 
... alea is causal abl. with vagus ; 
‘unrestrained, by reason of the al- 
lurements of the gaming-table’ will 
give-the sense. — vagus: a trans- 
ferred epithet; it prop. applies to 
the people who in December under 
the charms of the gaming-table for- 
get all restraint; see on I. 15. 7. 

8. incertis, Zazardous.—so- 
nat: cf. Apoll. Sidon. Ep. 2. 9. 4 
Srequens crepitantium fritillorum 
fesserarumque strepitus audieba- 
tur.—hinc et hinc: cf. 10. 83. 1; 
I2. 34. 5; 12. 57. 7. 

9. ludit... talo: see App. — 
ludit, deceives, deludes the player; 


cf. Hor. C. 3. 4. 5-6 auditis an me 
ludit amabilis insania ?* —tropa (cf. 
Tpóra): a game played by throwing 
dice or nuts from a fixed distance 
into a hole in the ground or into a 
jar; in it Za were used, not Zesserae. 
See Poll. Onom. 9. 193; Marq. 840. 
In Harper's Latin Dictionary £ropa 
is wrongly regarded as an adverb. 
The zal (dorpdyadou) were orig- 
inally made out of the ankle-bones 
of animals; they were oblong, with 
rounded ends. The ¢esserae were 
cubes, marked as dice are marked 
to-day. The value of a throw of 
the Zesserae depended on the sum 
of the points marked on the z2- 
turned faces; that of the /aZ de- 
pended on the faces on which the 
tali rested after the throw (specific 
values were assigned by the rules 
of the game to the various possi- 
ble combinations). See Fried. SG. 
1.423ff.; Marq.847 ff.—nequiore: 
because the throw from the hand 
gave more chancefor cheating than 
was afforded when the Zesserae or 
vali were thrown from a dice-box. 

10. commoda: an imv., end. — 
Camenis: Camena frequently — 
Moéca, then it = ‘poem’, ‘poetry’. 
C£. 12. 94. 5; 7. 68. 1 meas Camenas. 

11. nec... fronte repeats se- 
posita severitate, 6; cf. Hor. Ep. 1. 
Ig. 12-13 sz quis voltu torvo ferus 

.. stmulet .. . Catonem. 

12. madidos, overflowing with, 
steeped in; cf. I. 39. 3-4 sé quis 
Cecropiae madidus Latiaeque Mi- 
nervae artibus. 


106 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 14. 13 


Sic forsan tener ausus est Catullus 
magno mittere Passerem Maroni. 


Mille tibi nummos hesterna luce roganti 
in sex aut septem, Caeciliane, dies 


* Non habeo " dixi: 


sed tu causatus amici 


adventum lancem paucaque vasa rogas. 
5 Stultus es? an stultum me credis, amice? negavi 


mille tibi nummos : 


13. forsan: M, may well be 
cautious, since Catullus seems to 
have died in 54 B.c., when Vergil 
was but sixteen yearsold. Further, 
Catullus's Passer (see on 14) was 
written probably as early as 60 B.c. 
—tener... Catullus: cf. 7. 14. 3-4 
tenert ploravit amica Catulli Lesbia, 
nequitüs passeris orba sui. Tener 
seems to have been a favorite 
epithet of writers of erotic verse; 
cf. Ov. A. A. 3. 333 ef teneri possis 
carmen legisse Properti; Rem. Am. 


757 teneros ne tange poetas. Love 
is the ‘tender passion’. 
14. magno... Maroni: M. 


delicately flatters Silius, by com- 
paring him with Vergil. For the 
comparison of himself with Ca- 
tullus see § 34. As .SzE begins the 
epigram, so Maronz ends it; cf. 
II. 48; r1. 52. For M.’s laudation 
of Vergil see on 3. 38. 8. — Pas- 
serem: for the two poems see on 
I. 109. I. They constitute the first 
real pieces in our presentcollection 
of Catullus's poems; Carmen r1 is 
dedicatory. M. himself may use 
Passerem for one or both of these 
pieces as typical of all Catullus's 
work (Paukstadt 5-6), or it may 
have been the fashion generally so 
torefer to them; the modern writer 
often names his volume of tales or 


milia quinque dabo ? 


verse from the first piece in the 
book. See also on 8. 55. 19. 

I5. This epigram pokes fun at 
a thick-headed fellow who asks M., 
in effect, for a loan of 5000 seszertir, 
though M. had the day before de- 
clined to accommodate him with 
1000 sestertiz.— Meter: § 48. 

1. nummos: see I. 66. 4 N. 

2. in: freely ‘for’; properly 
*against'. — Caeciliane: if thisCae- 
cilianus is the man mentioned in r. 
20, he was a skinflint and a glutton. 

3. Non habeo: not necessarily 
more than a polite refusal, which 
the dull Caecilianus interprets lit- 
erally. — causatus, having set up 
as excuse. The verb belongs to 
poetry and Silver Latin; Ciceró 
does not use it. 

4. lancem . . . rogas: appar- 
ently for use at a dinner in honor 
of the coming friend. 

5. Stultus... amice? ‘You 
are either a fool who can't under- 
standa plain answer (3), or a knave, 
minded to trick me out of ny plate". 
— amice: ironical. 

6. milia quinque: i.e. the value 
of /azx and vasa. On the cost of 
Such luxuries see Fried. SG. 3. 
112 ff.— dabo: ie. ‘I might as 
well give them outright as to lend 
them to you’. 


4. 18. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


18 


107 


Qua vicina pluit Vipsanis porta columnis 
et madet adsiduo lubricus imbre lapis, 
in iugulum pueri qui roscida tecta subibat 
decidit hiberno praegravis unda gelu, 


5 


cumque peregisset miseri crudelia fata, 


tabuit in calido volnere mucro tener. 
Quid non saeva sibi voluit Fortuna licere ? 
aut ubi non mors est, si iugulatis, aquae ? 


18. The climate of Italy has 
undergone marked change; the in- 
cident described here could not 
occur today. This does not, how- 
ever, supply reason for discred- 
iting this pathetic story. For the 
thought, esp. in 7-8, cf. Hor. C. 
2.13. 13-14 quod quisque vitet num- 
quam homini satis cautum est in 
horas. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Qua... columnis: therefer- 
ence is to the Porticus Vipsania, 
which stood in the Campus Mar- 
tius; it lay on one side of the Cam- 
pus Agrippae, and extended north- 
wards from the Aqua Virgo along 
the Via Lata; see Platner 455. 
The forta was an archway span- 
ning a highway, one of the supports 
of the Aqua Virgo, the aqueduct 
built to supply the Thermae A grip- 
pae. This aqueduct, afterit reached 
Rome, was carried on arches from 
the Pincian Hill down into the 
Campus Martius. . See Platner 98- 
99; Burn Journ. of Phil. ro. 6; 
Baumeister r 514.— pluit: the aque- 
duct channel leaked. — Vipsanis: 
for the form see on I. 117. 17. 

2. madet... lubricus, zs wet 
and slippery. With pluzt... porta 
-.  Zmóre (1-2) cf. Iuv. 3. 11 su£- 
stitit ad veteres arcus madidumque 
Capenam (portam), said of the gate 
in the old Servian Wall wet with 


the drip from the Rivus Hercula- 
neus, a branch of the Aqua Marcia. 

3. in... pueri: the boy appar- 
ently kept looking up at the icicles 
as he approached, thus exposing 
his throat. Roscida is hardly a 
successful epithet if M. meant it 
as an attempt to deprive the death 
of its horror. Cf. 1. 88. 6 N. 

4. unda: forceful substitute for 
stiria (cf. si//a), the common word 
for icicle (cf. 7. 37. 5). 

5. peregisset...fata: cf. 5. 
37. 15-16. 

6. mucro: prop. point of sword 
or dagger, then dagger, sword. 
The metaphor is effective. So too 
is the epithet Zezez; this mucro is 
at once deadly and yielding. AZucro 
tener involves oxymoron. 

8. iugulatis is to be taken liter- 
ally, cut throats. ‘Who is safe 
anywhere, if water, naturally soft 
and fluid, becomes like steel, if 
water, that, when it causes death 
at all, does so by suffocation, takes 
to cutting throats as does the armed 
assassin’. 

26. Postumus, one of those 
patrons who paid with no definite 
regularity (Beck. 2.207), had appar- 
ently resented M.’s long-continued 
neglect of the officium (see I. 70, 
with notes). M. virtually bids him 
a long farewell. — Meter: § 48. 


108 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 26. 1 


26 


Quod te mane domi toto non vidimus anno, 
vis dicam quantum, Postume, perdiderim ? 
tricenos, puto, bis, vicenos ter, puto, nummos. 
Ignosces: togulam, Postume, pluris emo. 


Baiano procul a lacu, monemus, 
piscator, fuge, ne nocens recedas : 
sacris piscibus hae natantur undae, 


1-2. mane... non vidimus: 
ie. ‘I have not in a whole year 
presented myself at your sa/utatio’. 
— toto... anno: for const. see 
on 2. 5. 1. — Postume: for position 
see on I. 16, 2. 

3. tricenos . . . nummos: ‘I 
may on two occasions have lost 
30 sesterti, and thrice I may have 
missed 20'. The loss for the year 
was thus 120 sesfertz. By this 
time there had been a return to 
the money sportula; see 3. 7, with 
notes; 6.88. Note that more than 
the 100 guadrantes might be given, 
esp. if the dole was not a daily 
one; cf. 9. 100; IO. 27. 

4. Ignosces: i.e. ‘for my plain 
speaking and my severance of our 
old relations'. —togulam...emo: 
*your dole will not even pay for a 
toga, and a scanty one at that, 
much less help me to get food and 
drink’. Zogulam is dim. of con- 
tempt. The client watched his 
sportula account closely; cf. Iuv. 
I. 117-120 sed cum summus honor 
finito computet anno, sbortula quid 
referat, quantum rationibus addat, 
quid factemt comites quibus hinc 
toga, calceus hinc est et panis fumus- 
que domi? 

30. Fromtheendofthe Repub- 
lic fish-ponds and game-preserves 


(piscinae, stagna, vivaria) were 
essential to the typical villa. See 
e.g. Varr. R. R. 3. 3. 10; Plin. 
N. H. 9. 170; Hor. C. 2. 15. 2-4; 
Macr. Sat. 3.15.6. M. had doubt- 
less seen a fish-pond on the estate 
of Domitian near Baiae, where he 
may have heard the story told 
here, or one that gave rise to it. 
He makes use of it as an excuse 
for again playing court flatterer 
(4. 27 is addressed to Domitian). 
— Meter: $ 49. 

1-2. Baiano...lacu: the fz 
scina is compared with the Lucrine 
Lake itself, unless Domitian actu- 
ally laid claim to the fish of the 
Lucrine also. — monemus . .. 
fuge : for examples of such para- * 
taxis (instead of monere ut or ne) 
see Soed. 12.— piscator: any 
hypothetical poacher; M. is sound- 
ing a general warning. —ne. .. 
recedas : a final clause: ‘that you 
may not go away a guilty thing’. 
M. might have put his thought 
affirmatively, ut purus recedas; cf. 
14. — nocens = sacrilegus, dam- 
natus ; cf. impius, 8. M. talks as if 
Domitian were a god and his estate 
a temple; see on 4. 8. 9 ff. Cf. 
Sacris, 3; sacrilegos ... hamos, 12. 

3. sacris: see preceding note. 
Through the deification of the 


4. 30. 16] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA. 


109 


qui norunt dominum manumque lambunt 
s illam, qua nihil est in orbe maius : 
quid quod nomen habent et ad magistri 
vocem quisque sui venit citatus ? 
Hoc quondam Libys impius profundo, 
dum praedam calamo tremente ducit, 
10 raptis luminibus repente caecus 
captum non potuit videre piscem, 
et nunc sacrilegos perosus hamos 
Baianos sedet ad lacus rogator. 
At tu, dum potes, innocens recede 
15 iactis simplicibus cibis in undas 
et pisces venerare delicatos. 


emperor sacer often virtually = zz- 
perial; cf. e.g. Lib. Spect. 24. 2 
cui dux prima sacri muneris ista 
fuit. — natantur : cf. Ov. Tr. 5. 
2. 25-26 quot piscibus unda natatur, 
... lot premor adversis. In 14. 196. 
2 we have the active used with 
accusative. 

4. norunt : cf. Io. 30. 21-24. — 
dominum: Domitian. — manum 
. . . lambunt : they expect him to 
feed them; cf. Plin. N. H. 32. 16. 
e manu vescuntur pisces in pluribus 
quidem Caesaris villis. 

5. qua... maius: cf. 4. 8. 1o 
ingenti... manu. — For the meter 
see $ 49, d. 

6Íff. Amos may be correct in 
thinking that Domitian had put 
out the eyes of some one who had 
been caught fishing in his 2zsczza. 
M., however, represents the cruelty 
of the tyrant as an act of provi- 
dence. 

6-7. ad magistri . . . citatus: 
cf. Plin. N. H. 10. 193 pisces... 
audire ... palam est, utpote cum 
plausu congregari feros (‘the crea- 
tures’) ad cibum adsuetudine in 


quibusdam vivariis spectetur, et in 
piscinis Caesaris genera piscium ad 
nomen venire, quosdamque singulos. 
— citatus : cf. 10. 30. 23. Vss. 6-7 
may be freely rendered, ‘nay, more, 
they have’, etc. 

8. impius: see on zocens, 2. — 
profundo: cf. 10. 37. 15 zc piscoso 
modo vix educta (lina) profundo. 

9. calamo tremente: cf. 3. 
58. 27 N.; IO. 30. 16; I. 55. 9. 

10. luminibus: the use of /z- 
men in the sense of ‘the light of the 
eye’, ‘the eye’, is mostly poetical: 
cf., however, Cic. Tusc. 5. 39. 114 
Democritus luminibus amissis alba 
scilicet discernere et atra non poterat. 
The ancients often charged loss of 
sight to the gods as a punishment : 
for iniquity. ; 

13. rogator = mendicus; cf. 10. 

4 
$ 14. innocens recede: cf. we 
nocens recedas (2), with note. 

15. simplicibus: i.e. casting in 
only harmless food, instead of sa- 
crilegi hami and bait. 

16. pisces venerare : because 


_ they aie the property of a divine 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4- 32.1 


Et latet et lucet Phaethontide condita gutta, 
ut videatur apis nectare clusa suo. 

Dignum tantorum pretium tulit illa laborum : 
credibile est ipsam sic voluisse mori. 


Argenti genus omne conparasti, 
et solus veteres Myronos artes, 


personage. — delicatos, dainty, 
delicate, petted; cf. 10. 30. 22, and 
deliciae, ‘pet’. 

32. The tears shed by the sis- 
ters of Phaethon (Phaethontides, 
Heliades) for their brother’s fate 
were supposed to have become 
amber drops when the women were 
metamorphosed into poplars. Cf. 
Hyg. Fab. 154; Ov. M. 2. 340 ff. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Et latet et lucet: ‘hides 
itself and at the same time dis- 
closes itself’; cf. Aus. Mosel. 66- 
67 lucetgue latetque calculus (at the 
bottom of a spring). — condita, 
confined, buried.— gutta: cf. 6. 
15. 2; 4. 59. 2. 

2. apis: cf. 4. 59; 6. 15. 1-4 
dum Phaethontea formica vagatur 
in umbra, implicuit tenuem. sucina 
gutta feram ; sic modo quae fuerat 
vita contempta manente, funeribus 
facta est nunc pretiosa suis. —nec- 
tare... suo: the bee in the amber 
drop looked as if inclosed in a 
portion of its own honey; zectar 
is used not merely of the drink of 
the gods but of other delicious or 
precious liquid or semi-liquid sub- 
stances. Cf. Verg. G. 4. 163-164 
aliae (apes) purissima mella stipant 
et liquido distendunt nectare cellas. 
—clusa: cf. Tac. Ger. 45 sucum 


tamen arborum esse intellegas, quia _ 


terrena quaedam atque etiam volu- 
cria animalia plerumque inter- 
lucent, quae implicata umore mox 
durescente materia cluduntur ; Plin. 
N. H. 37. 43. 

3. Dignum . . . pretium: an 
ample return for a life of industry ; 
it is a positive distinction to win 
such a sepulcher. 

39. If this Charinus is the 
wretch of 1.77, as we can hardly 
doubt, the point (made in 9-10) is 
the more evident. M., while throw- 
ing doubt on Charinus's honesty as 
an art collector, takes occasion to 
press home the old charge of 
moral turpitude. Meter: $ 49. 

Vss. 1-8 recite Charinus's claims; 
his collection embraces all kinds 
of plate, and is the only genuine 
collection in Rome! M., however, 
in order not to spoil his point, 
mentions in detail only the gezzs 
caelatum (see 3. 35. 1 N.). 

1. Argenti, plate; cf. 8. 71. 1-2 
quattuor argenti libras mihitempore 
brumae misisti ante annos, Postu- 
miane, decem ; 7. 86.7 N. 

2-5. solus...habes: note the 
ironical repetition of solus. Cf. 
the claim made in 8. 6. Passion 
for collecting plate and works of 
art became a fad at Rome, in 
which the supreme motive was 
love of display; see on 3. 35. 1. 


4. 39. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


solus Praxitelus manum Scopaeque, 
solus Phidiaci toreuma caeli, 

s solus Mentoreos habes labores, 
nec desunt tibi vera Gratiana, 


To supply the demand for antique 
works of art * originals’ were manu- 
factured ; see Fried. SG. 2. 176 ff.; 
3. 308 ff.; Beck. 1. 41 ff. 

2. veteres . . . artes, o/d (and 
therefore genuine) masterpieces (cre- 
ations) of Myron. Artesisused here 
of the results of skill (metonymy) ; 
cf. Hor. C. 4. 8. 5-8 artium quas 
aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas, 
hic saxo, liquidis ille coloribus; Stat. 
Silv. 1. 3. 47 vidi artes veterumque 
manus. Cf. the use of Zabores, 5. If 
genuine, these articles of virtu were 
about five hundred years old, for 
Myron flourished in the fifth cen- 
tury B.c. He ranked among the 
greatest artists, as sculptor, statu- 
ary, and engraver. He excelled in 
the delineation of animals; much of 
his work was in bronze. His most 
famous creations were the statue 
of a cow and the Discobolus, both 
in marble. Cf. 8. 50. 1; Iuv. 8. 
102-104 e£ cum Parrhasii tabulis 
signisque Myronis Phidiacum vive- 
bat ebur, nec non Polycliti multus 
ubique labor, rarae sine Mentore 
mensae ; Fried. SG. 3. 310. 

3. Praxitelus : Greek form of 
genitive. Praxiteles, one of the 
most famous Greek sculptors and 
workers in bronze, was born at 
Athens about 400 B.C. As Phidias 
was the head of the earlier Attic 
school, so Praxiteles and Scopas 
represent the later. Praxiteles's 
most famous piece was the Venus 
of Cnidos. His Hermes was also 
famous and is yet extant, at Olym- 
pia in Greece. Cf. Priap. 10. 2-4 
non me Praxiteles Scopasve fecit, 
nec sum Phidiaca manu politus, 


sed lignum rude vilicus dolavit. — 
manum, Zazd7zwor£, used esp. of 
finishing touchesby artist or writer; 
so xelp. Cf. Verg. A. 1. 455-456 
artificumque manus intra se ope- 
rumque laborem miratur ; Petr. 83 
Zeuxidos manus; Stat. Silv. 1.3.47, 
cited on 2. — Scopae : Scopas of 
Paros — architect, statuary, sculp- 
tor of the fourth century B.c. See 
on Praxitelus above. 

4. Phidiaci... caeli: see on 
2; cf. 3. 35. 1 N. Phidias, thegreat- 
est sculptor and statuary of the 
Greeks, was bom about 490 B.C. 
His friendship with Pericles made 
him a sort of art director in the 
erection of the greatest structures 
at Athens, Elis, and Olympia. — 
toreuma: see on 3. 35.1. Cf. Plin. 
N. H. 34. 56 hic (Polyclitus) consu- 
masse hanc scientiam iudicatur et 
toreuticen sic erudisse, ut Phidias 
aperuisse.— caeli: the chisel or 
burin of the engraver (caelator) or 
sculptor; cf. 10. 87. 15-16 mrator 
veterum senex avorum donet Phi- 
diaci toreuma caeli. 

5. Mentoreos... labores: 
Mentor, who lived in the fourth 
century B.C., seems to have been 
the greatest of the caelatores; cf. 
e.g. 8. 51. 1-2; 9. 59. 16; Fried. SG. 
3. 311-312.— labores either de- 
notes the results of his separate 
endeavors (metonymy; see on 
artes, 2) or is a plurals mazestatis. 

6. vera Gratiana (vasa) : silver- 
ware, apparently Italian, named 
from the maker or from some one 
whohad popularizedit. Plin. N. H. 
33. 139, writing of the whims of 
fashion, says: zunc Furniana, nunc 


112 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4- 39.7 


nec quae Callaico linuntur auro, 

nec mensis anaglypta de paternis. 

Argentum tamen inter omne miror 
10 quare non habeas, Charine, purum. 


Quid recitaturus circumdas vellera collo? 
conveniunt nostris auribus ista magis. 


Clodiana, nunc Gratiana ... nunc 
anaglypta | asperitatemque | exciso 
circa linearum. picturas quaerimus. 
See Marq. 695. 

7. quae .. auro: ie. the 
chrysendeta; see on 2. 43. 11. — 
Callaico ... auro, Spanish gold; 
the Callaici (Gallaeci) inhabited 
Gallaecia in Hispania Tarraco- 
nensis. Cf. 14. 95. 1-2 (on a 2Z:a/a 
aurea caelata) quamvis Callaico 
rubeam generosa metallo, glorior 
arte magis, nam Myos iste labor; 
IO. 16. 3. — linuntur, are znlaid, 
are lined. 

8. anaglypta (vasa)= áváyAv- 
ara, üváyNvoa, ie. silver vessels 
ornamented in bas-relief; see Plin. 
N. H. 33. 139, cited on 6; note on 
toreuma, 3. 35. 1; Iuv. 14. 62 hic 
leve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat 
alter. — paternis: they are heir- 
looms. j 

9-10. Since Charinus had ar- 
genti genus omne (1), he of course 
had the kind technically known as 
argentum purum (see on 3. 35. 1). 
M., however, hints that after all 
none of his ware is furum, i.e. 
‘pure’, ‘clean’; all has been defiled 
by the touch of Charinus, a homo 
impurus. See Introd. M. may be 
hinting, too, that the claims made 
by Charinus for the genuineness 
of his plate would not bear investi- 
gation. 

41. Ona reader who appeared 
before the public with a woolen 


cloth ( /ocaZe) about his throat. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1. Quid. . . collo? men some- 
times wore such /oca/ia as a piece 
of affectation or effeminacy; cf. 
Hor. S. 2. 3. 254-255. In 12. 89 
Charinus on pretense of earache 
wraps a cloth about his head: quod 
lana caput alligas ... non aures 
Vbi, sed dolent capilli. Tf this man 
is actually hoarse, his croaking 
will offend the audience (2); ele- 
gance of presentation constituted 
no small part of the successful 
recitation. For pretenses at reci- 
tations see 3. 18, with notes. 

2. ista: contemptuous,as often. 
M. alludes not only to the possible 
physical disability of the man, but 
to the feebleness of his poetry. 
C£. 14.137. 1-2 sz recitaturus dedero 
tibi forte libellum, hoc focale tuas 
adserat auriculas. — In vellera collo* 
(sc. tuo) nostris auribus ista the 
chiasmus emphasizes the double 
contrast. 

44. A picture of Vesuvius be- 
fore and after the famous eruption 
of 79. This eruption destroyed Sta- 
biae, Pompeii, and Herculaneum, 
and made a waste of the Vesuvian 
slope, which up to that time had 
been famous for fertility. In 63 an 
earthquake had given warning that 
the normal quiet of the mountain 
was atanend. See Plin. Ep. 6. 16; 
6. 20; Dio Cass. 66. 21-23; Mau- 
Kelsey 19-24. — Meter: § 48. 


4: 47. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


44 


113 


Hic est pampineis viridis modo Vesbius umbris : 
presserat hic madidos nobilis uva lacus, 

haec iuga quam Nysae colles plus Bacchus amavit, 
hoc nuper Satyri monte dedere choros, 


haec Veneris sedes, Lacedaemone gratior illi, 


hic locus Herculeo nomine clarus erat. 
Cuncta iacent flammis et tristi mersa favilla 
nec superi vellent hoc licuisse sibi. 


47 


Encaustus Phaethon tabula tibi pictus in hac est: 


r. pampineis... umbris: cf. 
Verg. (?) Cop. 31 pampinea... 
umbra; Flor. 1. 11. 16. 5 ic (in 
Campania) amici vitibus montes 
Gaurus, Falernus, Massicus, et 
pulcherrimus omnium Vesuvius, 
Aetnaei ignis imitator.— modo: 
hardly ten years had elapsed since 
the eruption.—Vesbius: this form 
and Vesvius seem to belong to the 
sermo familiaris. 

2. presserat:.a strong word, = 
oppresserat, had overwhelmed, i.e. 
had filled to overflowing; see on 
1.4. 2. — madidos: proleptic, 7// 
they were filled full. —nobilis uva: 
Cf. 5. 78. 19 succurrent tibi nobiles 
olivae. —lacus: vats into which 
the grape juice flowed as it came 
from the press; cf. Cato R. R. 25 
in dolia picata vel in lacum vina- 
rium picatum. 

3. Nysae colles: Nysa (Nyssa) 
was the name of many places in 
Asia Minor and the Islands famous 
for the growth of the vine, or asso- 
ciated with Bacchus myths. 

4. Satyri: connected with Bac- 
chic worship as satellites of the god. 

5. haec . . . sedes refers to 
Pompeii in particular; Venus was 


the patron goddess of that town. 
See Mau-Kelsey 266; 344. — Lace- 
daemone: Cythera, where Venus 
was believed to have first touched 
land after rising from the foam of 
the sea, was off the southern coast 
of Lacedaemon. 

6. locus...erat refers to Her- 
culaneum, which was reputed to 
have been founded by Hercules 
when he was on his way back from 
Spain after stealing the oxen of 
Geryones (see on 5. 49. 11). 

7. tristi, dZs7za/; a transferred 
epithet, since the sense is rather 
sorrow-causing. 

8. nec:asin I. 109. 20; see note 
there. — superi: the gods, even 
Vulcan himself, might well lament 
such a display of power. — licuisse 
Sibi: cf. 4. 18.7 N.; 7. 21.4; Anthol. 
Lat. 2. 1362. 6 hoc quoque non vel- 
Jet mors licuisse sibi. 

47. ‘Why burn Phaethon a 
second time?'— For an allusion 
to the story of Phaethon see 4. 32. 
— Meter: § 48. 

r. Encaustus (£ykavoros), 
burned in, encaustic. In encaustic 
work the colofs were burned in 
with the help of amedium of melted 


114 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 47. 2 


quid tibi vis, dipyrum qui Phaethonta facis ? 


49 


Nescit, crede mihi, quid sint epigrammata, Flacce, 
qui tantum lusus illa iocosque vocat. 
Ille magis ludit, qui scribit prandia saevi 
Tereos aut cenam, crude Thyesta, tuam, 
5 aut puero liquidas aptantem Daedalon alas, 


wax mixed with oil. We know less 
about it than about any other kind 
of painting practiced in ancient 
times; see Smith D. of A. 2. 392 ff.; 
Middleton, Remains of Ancient 
Rome, 1. 97. 

z. dipyrum, Zwice exposed to 
Sire; cf. dlarvpos. 

49. Epigram versus epos (and 
tragedy); a defense of epigram as 
a serious form of literature. Epi- 
gram deals with real life, epos with 
that which is legendary and imagi- 
nary. Cf. 10. 4; see $ 33.— Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. crede mihi: ie. ‘I am seri- 
ous in this judgment; the prevail- 
ing opinion is due to ignorance’. 
Cf. $ 18, on the relation of M. to 
Statius; also $ 4o. — Flacce:itis 
uncertain how far we can identify 
persons of this name in M. 

2. tantum, ov/y.—lusus: cf. 
1. 113. I N.; Tac. D. 10 epigram- 
matum lusus. — iocos : cf. 1.4. 3 N. 

3-4. Hle... qui: M. may be 
thinking of Statius; see Introd. 
M. may have resented some words 
in Statius's Praefatio to Book II 
of the Silvae (addressed to Atedius 
Melior): sezs a me leves libellos 
quasi epigrammatis loco scriptos (cf. 
Praefatio to Book IV of the Sil- 
vae). Statius was engaged on the 
Thebais between 80 and 92; some 
parts of the poem had doubtless 
been heard at recitations. For 


M.s general thought cf. 8. 3; 9. 
50. 1-4 Zngenium miki, Gaure, pro- 
bas sic esse pusillum, carmina quod 
faciam quae brevitate placent. Con- 
fiteor: sed tu, bis semis grandia 
libris qui scribis Priami proelia, 
magnus homo es? & 53. 1-4 Col- 
chida quid scrtbis,quid scribis, amice, 
Thyesten? quo tibi vel Nioben, 
Basse, vel Andromachen ? materia 
est, mihi crede, tuis aptissima char- 
Us Deucalion vel, si non placet hic, 
Phaethon; luv. 1. 2-14. — prandia 
- .. Tereos : see on AfZthide, 1. 53. 
9. Note acc. in prandia; the best 
prose commonly shows abl. with 
de after scribo, but cf. Liv. 21. 1. 1 
licet mihi praefari .. . bellum me 
scripturum.—crude Thyesta: see 
3.45.1 N. Crudus prop.=‘bloody’, 
then ‘merciless’, crudelis; it is used 
with special reference to such can- 
nibalistic practices as this. Cf. 
Ov. Her. 9. 67-68 erudi Diomedis 
imago, eferus humana qui dape 
favit equas. 

5. puero: Icarus. The story 
was not only a favorite with the 
epic writers (cf. e.g. Iuv. 1. 52), 
but was acted in a realistic way. — 
liquidas, melting, molten, is pro- 
leptic, and refers to the melting of 
the wax by the sun’s rays (Schrev.) 
or to the ultimate fate of Icarus 
when he fell into the sea. In any 
case the adj. points out how worth- 
less was Icarus’s support. 


4- 54. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


II5 


pascentem Siculas aut Polyphemon oves. 
A nostris procul est omnis vesica libellis 
Musa nec insano syrmate nostra tumet. 
“Illa tamen laudant omnes, mirantur, adorant ". 


54 


Confiteor : laudant illa, sed ista legunt. 


O cui Tarpeias licuit contingere quercus 
et meritas prima cingere fronde comas, 


6. pascentem ... Polyphe- 
mon: M. seems to have in mind 
Vergil’s picture of the Cyclops; 
Cf. A. 3. 655-659 summo cum 
monte videmus ipsum inter pecudes 
vasta se mole moventem pastorem 
Polyphemum, etc. 

y. A... libellis: not an ex- 
travagant claim, when we consider 
the current exaggerated taste in 
epos and tragedy. — vesica : prop. 
*bladder'; here used figuratively 
for bombast, fustian. See § 35. | 

8. Musa... nostra: cf. zostra 
Thalia, 4. 8. 12 N. — insano syr- 
mate : the syrma (ctpya) was the 
long trailing robe of the tragic 
actor, assumed, as was the high 
boot (cothurnus), to magnify his 
height; cf. Iuv. 8. 228-229 ante 
pedes Domiti longum tu pone Thy- 
estae syrma vel Antigonae personam 
vel Melanippae. Used figuratively 
the word denotes tragedy or the 
fine frenzy appropriate to tragedy. 
C£. 12. 94. 3-4; Iuv. 15. 30-31. 

9. Flaccus's rejoinder. — Illa : 
eposand tragedy. Mark the climax 
in the verbs. 

10. istalegunt: ahigher tribute 
than mere mouth praise, which de- 
mands a minimum of time and 
pains, ** with of course the implied 
and very sound criticism that it is 
not so easy to write what shall be 
easy to read" (Saintsbury 1. 260). 


— ista, what lies before you (a 
meaning common in M.; cf. 1. 7o. 
18N.), i.e. ‘my epigrams’, or, if zstzis 
contemptuous (cf. 4. 41. 2.N.), what 
you decry. 

54. The poet advises Collinus, 
as true disciple of Epicurus, to 
make the most of life; literary 
fame cannot stay the hand of 
fate for a single day. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Tarpeias— Cafitolinas. The 
Mons Tarpeius was but a part of 
the Mons Capitolinus. It was in 
honor of Iuppiter Capitolinus that 
Domitian instituted the gzzzguen- 
nale certamen or agon Capitolinus. 
Cf. 9. 3. 8 quid pro Tarpeiae frondis 
honore (tbi solvere) potest? 9. 40. 
1-2 Tarpeias Diodorus ad coronas 
Romam cum peteret Pharo relicta. 
— quercus : the victors received 
chaplets of oak leaves; cf. 4. 1. 6; 
luv. 6. 387-388. Hence guercus = 
querceas coronas. 

2. meritas (from mereor): ie. 
that have fairly earned the poet's 
crown ; render by deserving, or by 
deservedly.— prima. .. fronde: cf. 
Verg. A. 8. 274 cingite frondecomas. 
Prima may mean that Collinus won 
a prize for Latin poetry at the first 
Agon Capitolinus, held in 86, or it 
may mean the highest of all the 
prizes given in that year. See 
Fried. SG. 3. 426. 


116 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4 54. 3 


si sapis, utaris totis, Colline, diebus 
extremumque tibi semper adesse putes. 
s  Lanificas nulli tres exorare puellas 
contigit : observant quem statuere diem. 
Divitior Crispo, Thrasea constantior ipso 
lautior et nitido sis Meliore licet, 
nil adicit penso Lachesis fusosque sororum 
10 explicat et semper de tribus una secat. 


3. sapis:cf. 1. 15. r1 N. ; Hor. C. 
i. II. 6—7 sapias, vina ligues, et 
spatio brevi spem longam reseces. 
—totis ... diebus: ‘lose no mo- 
ment of a single day ; enjoy every 
one’. Forthe sentiment cf. I. 15; 
5. 20; 7. 47. 

4. extremum (diem) = diem 
supremum ; see on I. 109. 17. Cf. 
10. 47.13; Hor. Ep. 1. 4. 13 omnem 
crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum ; 
Petr. 99 ego sic semper et ubique 
vixi ut ultimam quamque lucem 
lanquam non redituram consume- 
rem; Sen. Ep. 93. 6. 

5. Lanificas . . . puellas: the 
Parcae, Clotho, Lachesis, and 
Atropos, represented, both in liter- 
ature and in art, as spinning and 
cutting off the thread of life; cf. 
6. 98. 7-8 si mihi lanificae ducunt 
non pulla sorores stamina; Luv. 12. 
64-66. — exorare, fo prevail oz, i.e. 
to lengthen life. Lworare puellas 
recalls Ovid's exorare puellam, 
which ends a hexameter in A. A. 
I. 37; F. 4. 111; see Zingerle 23. 

7. Divitior Crispo: Vibius Cri- 
spus, as orator and spy (de/ator) un- 
der Domitian, became enormously 
rich and held many high offices. 
He was consul twice, curator aqua- 
rum, and proconsul of Africa. His 
wealth is variously estimated at 
from 200 to 300 million sesterti/. 
See 12. 36. 8-9; Tac. H. 2. 10; 
Suet. Dom. 3; and esp. Iuv. 4. 


81-93. — Thrasea: P. Thrasea 
Paetus, one of the noblest Stoics 
of his time, opposed the despotism 
of Nero, and was put to death by 
Neroin 66. Cf.e.g. 1. 8. 1-2; Tac. 


Ann. 16. 21. See also r. 13, with 
notes; $ 38 fin. 
8. lautior... Meliore: see 


2. 69. 7 N. — lautior, more elegant. 
— nitido: because of oil or clear 
complexion, well-kept, sleek. In 
Stat. Silv. 2. 3. 1-2 Melior is zzzz- 
dus. — licet, although; logically 
the first word of 7-8. See on 1. 
79. 17. ! 

9. penso: ezsum prop.—a 
given quantity of wool weighed 
out (cf. pexdere) to a slave for a 
day's spinning, then a spinner’s 
task. Here it denotes the parcel 
of wool allotted to a given man's 
life. Cf. 10.44. 5-6 gaudia tu differs, 
at non et stamina differt Atropos 
aique omnis scribitur hora dbi 
Sen. Herc. Fur. 181-182. — La- 
Chesis: see 1. 88. 9 N.— fusos, 
spindles. 

10. explicat, wnrolls, unwinds. 
— de tribus una: Atropos; cf. 
9. 76. 6-7 znvidit de tribus una soror 
et festinatis incidit, stamina pensis. 
— secat: see App. 

57- M., who has been sojourn- 
ing at Baiae or in the neighbor- 
hood, compares Baiae and Tibur, 
the two popular resorts. — Meter: 
$48. 


4. 57. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


117 


Dum nos blanda tenent lascivi stagna Lucrini 
et quae pumiceis fontibus antra calent, 

tu colis Argei regnum, Faustine, coloni, 
quo te bis decimus ducit ab urbe lapis. 

s Horrida sed fervent Nemeaei pectora monstri 

nec satis est Baias igne calere suo ; 

ergo sacri fontes et litora grata valete, 
Nympharum pariter Nereidumque domus. 


1. blanda, charming, seductive; 
cf. Stat. Silv. 3. 5. 96 sive vaporz- 
feras, Mandissima litora, Baias. — 
lascivi... Lucrini: see 3. 60. 3 N. 
During the season Baiae was a 
scene of festivity and of almost 
unbridled license; cf. e.g. Prop. 
1. II. 27; Sen. Ep. 5r. 3. 

2. quae... calent: the whole 
regionis volcanic. The hot mineral 
springs which gush from the tufa 
rocks at various points seem first 
to have made the place famous as 
a health resort.— pumiceis: i.e. 
that issue from the porous rocks. 
Pumex is used of soft porous rock 
in general. — antra: either natural 
or artificially made in furtherance 
of the medical treatment given at 
the springs. Since the poet was 
there so late in the year (5) it would 
appear that he was taking the 
waters forsome malady. Cf. Stat. 
Silv. 3. 1. 144-145 zjsae pumiceis 
virides Nereides antris extliunt 
ultro. 

3. colis... coloni: Faustinus 
(1. 25; 3. 58) doubtless had a villa 
near Tibur, where he was at this 
writing, enjoying the coolness of 
the hill. — Argei... coloni: tra- 
dition declared that Tibur was 
founded by Tiburnus, Coras, and 
Catillus, sons of Catillus, who was 
himself son of the Argive prophet 


Amphiaraus; cf. e.g. Hor. C. 2. 6. 5 


Tibur Argeo positum colono. See 
App. X ' . 

4. bis decimus... lapis: see 
I. I2. 3-4 N. 


5. Horrida, shaggy. —fervent 
... monstri: the Nemean lion 
after it was slain by Hercules was 
placed in the zodiac as the sign 
Leo. In the breast of Leo is Regu- 
lus, an especial brilliant star; 
cf. Plin. N. H. 18. 271 regza zn pec- 
tore Leonis stella; Hor. C. 3. 29. 
19-20 et stella vesani Leonzs ( furit), 
sole dies referente siccos. —monstri: 
sprung from Typhon and Echidna. 

6. satis est. ..calere: for 
const. cf. 11. 41. 8 Ze satis est nobis 
adnumerare pecus. —igne — calore. 
— suo: the southern latitude, not 
to speak of the heat of the sulphur 
baths, made Baiae warm long be- 
fore August. 

7. Sacri: in ancient poetry all 
springs are sacred, because, as Ser- 
vius says on Verg. E. 1. 52, omnibus 
aguis nymphae sunt praesidentes. 
Cf.8. Besides, these springs were 
prob. sacred to Aesculapius. — 
litora grata: no coast in the Ro- 
man world was so charming as 
that around the Bay of Naples. 

8. Nympharum .. . domus 
refers to sacri fontes, Nereidum 
... domus to the Z/fera grata. 


118 M. VALERI MARTIALIS [4 57. 9 
Herculeos colles gelida vos vincite bruma, 
xo ‘nunc Tiburtinis cedite frigoribus. 


59 


Flentibus Heliadum ramis dum vipera repit, 
fluxit in opstantem sucina gutta feram, 
quae, dum miratur pingui se rore teneri, 
concreto riguit vincta repente gelu. 
5 Ne tibi regali placeas, Cleopatra, sepulcro, 
vipera si tumulo nobiliore iacet. 


9. Herculeos... bruma: ie. 
‘as a winter resort you surpass 
Tibur'. For Tibur and Hercules 
see I. I2. I N. — vincite: the so- 
called permissive use of the imv.; 
the sense is, ‘for all I care you may 
surpass Tibur in the depth of win- 
ter’. Fora like use of the fut. ind. 
cf. 5. 42. IN.; Hor. C. 1.7. 1; Smith's 
edition of Horace's Odes, Introd. 
$79. — bruma: see 3. 58. 8 N. 

10, Tiburtinis .. . frigoribus, 
the cool days at Tibur. By contrast 
with Baiae Tibur reminds one of 
the winter's cold, for which /rigus 
is often used; cf. 1. 12. 1 gelidas... 
arces; $. 34. 5; 7. 65. 1; Hor. S. 2. 
6. 45 matutina parum cautos iam 
Srigora mordent. 

59. Cf.4, 32, with notes. Vipera 
(1) can hardly be taken literally; 
some small creeping thing more 
or less resembling a vipera may 
have been caught as described, or 
may have been artificially inclosed 
in a substance resembling amber. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Flentibus... ramis: seeon 
4. 32. 1; cf. Stat. Silv. 5. 3. 85-86 
cunctos Heliadum ramos lacri- 
mosaque germina. 

2. fluxit...feram: cf. 6.15.2, 
Cited on 4. 32. 2. — opstantem: 
ie. as it blocked the way of the 


drop.— feram is justified by z;- 
pera; render by creature. 

3. miratur. .. teneri: mzror 
with inf. occurs in Cicero. — rore 
— umore, agua. Amber, though 
viscid, is clear like vos or nectar. 
Cf. nectare = ‘amber’, 4. 32. 2. 

4. concreto, ¢hickened, harden- 

ing. Concretus is one of many 
deponent pf. participles of intr. 
verbs; cf. adultus, cautus, coalitus, 
cretus. Coniurati, conspirati, ‘con- 
spirators’, belong here.— gelu: 
here the thickening of the amber 
through atmospheric influence. 
, 5. Ne... placeas, do not pride 
yourself, cf. 1. 72. Ó 5.57.1 cum 
voco te dominum, noli tibi, Cinna, 
lacere. — regali . . . sepulcro: 
for case see on ¢emflo, Lib. Spect. 
I.3. Cleopatra finally shut herself 
up with her treasures in a splendid 
structure — which seems to have 
been intended for a mausoleum — 
and made away with herself there, 
in order that she might not be 
taken to Rome to adorn Augustus's 
triumph. — Cleopatra: her career 
was cut off as abruptly as was the 
life of the vzera. M. may have 
thought of her here because of 
the story that she died by the bite 
of an asp; see Suet. Aug. 17, with 
Schuckburgh's note. 


4. 64. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


II9 


Iuli iugera pauca Martialis 
hortis Hesperidum beatiora 
longo Ianiculi iugo recumbunt : 
lati collibus eminent recessus, 
s et planus modico tumore vertex 

caelo perfruitur sereniore 
et curvas nebula tegente valles 
solus luce nitet peculiari : 
puris leniter admoventur astris 

ro celsae culmina delicata villae. 
Hinc septem dominos videre montis 


64. A description of the estate 
of Iulius Martialis on the Ianicu- 
lum. Cf. r. r5. — Meter: $ 49. 

1i. iugera pauca: cf. 31. 

2. hortis Hesperidum: these 
gardens were variously located, 
sometimesonanisland in the ocean 
on the western verge of the world, 
sometimes in northern África near 
Mt. Atlas (because the Hesperides 
wereaccounted daughters of Atlas) 
or near Cyrene. 

3. longo... iugo: the Iani- 
culum is a long ridge or succession 
of summits on the west bank of 
the Tiber. For estates on the hills 
of Rome see on r. 85. 2.— re- 
cumbunt reflects the quiet retire- 
ment of the site, esp. as viewed 
from a distance. 

4. lati...recessus: i.e. broad, 
level stretches that run far back 
stand out in sharp relief on the 
several hills or summits of the 
ridge. Colibus is ablative. — emi- 
nent: freely, ‘are conspicuous’; 
lit. ‘stand out from’. See App. 

5. planus...vertex: the sum- 
mit was level or almost level. — 
modico tumore: abl. of char- 


acteristic, gently swelling. A prose 
writer would say, more exactly, 
planus vel potius modico tumore. 

6. perfruitur, ez/oys zz az ex- 
ceptional degree ( per-). 

7. curvas, wzzding. — nebula 
tegente, though the mist, etc. 

8. solus: see App.—peculiari, 
peculiarly its own. 

9-10. puris . villae: the 
roofs and gables of the house, 
itself on the top of the zug, rise 
one above the other in fairy-like 
fashion till, as seen from below or 
against a distant sky, they seem to 
pierce the clouds. — puris : above 
the fog and smoke of the neighbor- 
ing town; cf. 8. 14. 3-4 specularia 
puros admittunt soles et sine faece 
diem.— admoventur astris: cf. 
Lib. Spect. 2. 1 hic u& sidereus 
propius videt astra colossus; Ov. 
M. 1. 316 mons ibi verticibus petit 
arduus astra duobus. — delicata: 
cf. 7. 17. 1 ruris bibliotheca delicati 
(of this same zs). Render by 
graceful, fairy-like, dainty. 

ir, Hinc: the villa must have 
been on the northern point of 
the Ianiculum to command this 


120 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 64. 12° 


et totam licet aestimare Romam, 
Albanos quoque Tusculosque colles 
et quodcumque iacet sub urbe frigus, 
15 Fidenas veteres brevesque Rubras, 
et quod virgineo cruore gaudet 
Annae pomiferum nemus Perennae. 
Illinc Flaminiae Salariaeque 
gestator patet essedo tacente, 


bird's-eye view of Rome and the 
country beyond. — septem . .. 
montis: just what hills M. meant 
we cannot say. The list commonly 
given in modern books — Capitoli- 
nus, Palatinus, Aventinus, Caelius, 
Esquilinus, Viminalis, Quirinalis, 
ie. the hills of the Servian city — 
is not given in any ancient author. 
The first enumeration of seven 
hills dates from the time of Con- 
stantine. The phrase septem montes 
seems to have arisen from Septi- 
montium, name of an ancient fes- 
tival in Rome, for which see e.g. 
Platner 39-41; Burn, Rome and 
the Campagna, 37.— dominos, 
that vule the world; c£. Prop. 3. 11. 
57 septem urbs alta iugzs toto quae 
praesidet orbi ; dominae .. . Komae, 
I.3.3 N. 

12. aestimare : i.e. to measure 
with the eye. 

13. Tusculos...colles: Tus- 
culum (modern Frascati) lay on a 
spur of the Alban mountains, about 
ten miles southeast of Rome, just 
north of Mt. Algidus, which may 
be referred to here. 

14. quodcumque . . . frigus: 
esp. Tibur; cf. 4. 57. 10 N. — sub, 
near, not ‘below’ (for these places 
all lay higher than Rome).— 
frigus, cool spot; concrete for 
abstract. 

15. Fidenas veteres : Fidenae 
lay high, between the Tiber and the 


Anio, on the Via Salaria, about 
five miles northeast of Rome. At 
this time it was a broken-down 
place; cf. Hor. Ep. 1.11. 7-8; Iuv. 
10. 100.—breves ... Rubras: 
Rubra saxa or ad Rubras was a 
small town on the Via Flaminia 
about nine miles from Rome; the 
reddish color of the tufa rock gave 
the place its name. 

16-17, The Romansthemselves 
had no clear notion of the origin 
of the festival of Anna Perenna, 
which was celebrated on the Ides 
of March, apparently in an orchard 
near the first milestone on the 
Via Flaminia. It was the occasion 
for unbridled license of tongue 
and action. See Ov. F. 3. 523 ff., 
675-676, 695; Preller-Jordan 1. 
343 ff.; Roscher Lex. See App. 

18. Flaminiae Salariaeque: 
sc. viae. For the Via Flaminia, 
named from C. Flaminius, who 
fell at Trasumenus, see on 3. 14. 
4. The Via Salaria left Rome at 
the Porta Collina and ran through 
the Sabine country and Picenum 
to the Adriatic. 

I9. gestator: here z7der, not 
‘bearer’. See on 3. 14. 1. — patet 
|. . tacente, zs 2 full view though 
one does not hear the car; cf. 10. 
6. 6 (quando erit) tota... Flaminia 
Roma videnda via? The essedum 
was a vehicle that more or less re- 
sembled the British or Belgic war 


4. 64. 28] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I2I 


zo ne blando rota sit molesta somno, 
quem nec rumpere nauticum celeuma 
nec clamor valet helciariorum, 
cum sit tam prope Mulvius sacrumque 
lapsae per Tiberim volent carinae. 

25 Hoc rus, seu potius domus vocanda est, 
commendat dominus: tuam putabis, 
tam non invida tamque liberalis, 
tam comi patet hospitalitate : 


chariot of the same name, appar- 
ently in having but two wheels and 
no top; see Fried. SG. 2. 36 ff.; 
Beck. 3.15. Cf. the modern trade 
and fancy names given to vehicles, 
e.g. ‘victoria’, ‘brougham’. 

20. ne. . . somno: the final 
clause is very effective; what is 
really the effect or result of the 
distance it ascribes to the essedum 
as its deliberate purpose. — blando 

.. Somno: ie. of people in the 
vill. — rota . . . molesta: cf. 
Hor. Ep. t. 17. 7 sz te fulvis stre- 
pitusque rotarum (in Rome) Jaedzt. 

21-22. rumpere: cf. 14-125. I 
st matutinos facile est tibi rumpere 
somos; luv. 6. 415-416 nam si 
latratibus alti rumpuntur somni. 
With rumpere... valet cf. 8. 32. 
6. The const. is common in po- 
etry, but very rare in Cicero and 
Caesar. — celeuma («éAevua) : the 
call of the xeXevoryjs or fugleman, 
who gives the stroke to the rowers. 
There was much shipping on the 
Tiber in ancient days; see Lan- 
ciani Anc. R. 235 ff. clamor... 
helciariorum: the cries of the 
bargemen who towed (cf. £A«euw, 
@\xiov) the ships or lighters against 
the river from Ostia. Cf. Apoll. 
Sidon. Ep. 2. 10. 4-6 curvorum 
Aine chorus helciariorum respon- 
santibus alleluia ripis ad Christum 


levatamnicum celeuma. Helciarius 
belongs to the sermo plebeius; see 
on salariorum, 1. 41. 8. 

23-24. cum, although. — Mul- 
vius (2075): see on 3. 14. 4. The 
noises here referred to were due 
to the passing of vehicles across 
the bridge at night and of boats 
beneath it, and the disturbance 
created by beggars, etc., but esp. 
to the fact that under the Empire 
the people were accustomed to 
congregate there for nocturnal 
merrymaking ; cf. Tac. Ann. 13. 
47.— sacrum . . . Tiberim: see 
on sacri fontes, 4. 57. 7. As the 
spring had its nymph, the river 
had its god. Cf. Liv. 2. 10. 11 tum 
Codes '* Tiberine pater", ait, "t 
sancte precor, haec arma et hunc 

litem propitio fu accipias” 
—lapsae: freely, ‘gliding’. 

25. Hoc rus: with its villa; cf. 
I. I2. 3N.—domus: regularly of 
the city mansion; here 2a/ace. Cf. 
3. 58. 51 N. 

26-28. commendat dominus: 





-the charm of the host adds to the 


other attractions. — tuam puta- 
bis .. . hospitalitate: a good 
example of parataxis. Far less 
forceful would be tam non invida 
... hospitalitate ut tuam (domum 
esse) putes. — liberalis, gracious, 
hospitable; sc. domus (est). 


122 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4- 64. 29 


credas Alcinoi pios Penates 

30 aut facti modo divitis Molorchi. 
Vos nunc omnia parva qui putatis 
centeno gelidum ligone Tibur 
vel Praeneste domate pendulamque 
uni dedite Setiam colono, 

35 dum me iudice praeferantur istis 
Iuli iugera pauca Martialis. 


Invitas centum quadrantibus et bene cenas: 


29. Alcinoi... Penates: ie. 
the house of Alcinous, king of the 
Phaeacians, who royally enter- 
tained Ulysses. See Od. 7-12. 

30. facti... Molorchi: i.e. of 
a Molorchus who had not only the 
kindly spirit of the original Molor- 
chus, but wealth as well. Molorchus 
of Cleonae dwelt in or near the 
Nemean Forest and, though in 
poor circumstances, entertained 
Hercules when the latter was hunt- 
ing the Nemean lion. Cf. 9. 43. 
12-13; Stat. Silv. 3. 1. 29. 

31. omnia... putatis, you who 
find no acreage large enough.— 
parva: pred. accusative. 

32. centeno . . . ligone: ie. 
with a hundred slaves, each with 
his hoe. Note the sing. of the 
distributive adjective, a poetic 
usage; cf. Iuv. 1. 64-65 cum iam 
sexta cervice feratur . . . cathedra. 
See App. on 16. — gelidum ... 
Tibur: cf. 4. 57. IO N. 

33-34. Praeneste: modern 
Palestrina, one of the oldest towns 
of Latium; it lay on the edge of 
the Apennines, about twenty-three 
miles east of Rome. The roses and 
the nuts of the region were highly 
esteemed. — domate: poets and 


prose writers both often speak of 
the farmer, etc., as ‘taming’ the 
soil or the woods. — pendulam 
.. . Setiam: Setia from its lofty 
position on the Volscian moun- 
tains, in Latium, overlooked the 
Pomptine Marshes; as seen from 
a distance by the traveler on the 
Via Appia it must have seemed to 
hang from the mountain-side. Cf. 
pendentia Mausolea, Lib. Spect. 
I. 5 N. Setian wine ranked among 
the best; cf. 4. 69. 1; 10. 74. 10-11; 
13. 112. I pendula Pomptinos quae 
spectat Setia campos. — uni... 
colono: i.e. ‘make one vast estate, 
if you will, out of all Setia". 

36. Iuli... Martialis: cf. r. 
M. imitates Catullus in thus ending 
a poem with a verse like the first 
verse; cf. 2.41; 7. 17; Paukstadt 34. 

. Sextus was one of those 
who, when they invited theirclients 
to a dinner, ate and drank the best 
themselves, but treated the clients 
shabbily. Cf. 1.20; 1. 43; 3. 7; etc. 
— Meter: § 48. 

i. Invitas . . . quadrantibus: 
ie. ‘you invite to a dinner so poor 
that the daily dole (100 guadrantes) 
would pay for it’. Centum qua- 
drantibus is instr. abl. (— an abl. 


4. 75. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


123 


ut cenem invitor, Sexte, an ut invideam ? 


69 


Tu Setina quidem semper vel Massica ponis, 
Papyle, sed rumor tam bona vina negat : 
diceris hac factus caelebs quater esse lagona : 

nec puto nec credo, Papyle, nec sitio. 


O felix animo, felix, Nigrina, marito 
atque inter Latias gloria prima nurus, 


of price) with zzvitas, you entertain. 
— et = et tamen. 

2. Cf. 12. 29. 13-16. 

69. On Papylus’s wines.— 
Meter: § 48. 

1. Setina (vzza): cf. 4.64. 34 N. 
For the pl. (vzz2) see A. roo, b; 
GL. 204, NN. 5-6; L. 1108. After 
the supply of Caecuban failed, the 
wine of Setia held first place; cf. 
8. 51. IQN.; IO. 74. IO-II; 13.112; 
Iuv. 10. 25-27 sed nulla aconita 
bibuntur fictilibus: tunc illa time, 
cum pocula sumes gemmata et lato 
Setinum ardebit in auro; 5. 33-37; 
Beck. 3. 434 ff.; Marq. 449 ff. — 
Massica: the Mons Massicus lay 
near the sea and divided Latium 
from Campania; the Ager Falernus 
was contiguous to it, in Campania. 
Horace mentions this wine several 
times; cf. C. 2.7. 21; 3. 21. 5; Verg. 
G. 2. 143. — ponis: see I. 43. 2 N. 

2. rumor, Madame Rumor, 
town talk. — tam bona (oz): i.e. 
as many people suppose. Bona = 
(1) good, of fine bouguet, (2) harm- 
fess. People believe that there is 
poison in Papylus's cups. Poisoning 
was a common way of committing 
murder in ancient times, since it 
was not possible to prove scien- 
tifically that poison had been 


administered. There was a perma- 
nent quaestio de sicariis et veneficis 
at Rome as early as Sulla's time. 
Cf. 8. 43; Iuv. t. 69-72. 

3. diceris: i.e. ‘rumor says that 
four of your wives in succession 
drank poison mixed with your fine 
wines'. — caelebs: used of a wid- 
ower (vzduus) as well as of a bach- 
elor. —lagona: a long-necked, 
wide-mouthed, big-bellied jar or jug 
of Spanish earthenware that seems 
to have been placed at times upon 
the table, at times to have served 
for storage, as did the amphora. 

4. nec sitio virtually negatives 
nec... credo, which was said iron- 
ically. This zec — et tamen non, i.e. 
the vs. = quamquam non puto vina 
tua non bona esse, ea bibere tamen 
nolo. 

75. ‘Nigrina, wife of Antistius 
Rusticus, surpassed in conjugal 
devotion the storied Euadne and 
Alcestis’. In 9. 30 we learn that 
she carried the bones of her hus- 
band from Cappadocia, where he 
had died, to Rome. — Meter: § 48. 

1. animo = indole. 

2. Latias = Romanas. —nu- 
rus: prop. ‘daughters-in-law’; the 
poets, however, often use the word 
of young married women. Cf. e.g. 


124 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4.75.3 


te patrios miscere iuvat cum coniuge census, 
gaudentem socio participique viro. 
5  Arserit Euhadne flammis iniecta mariti 
nec minor Alcestin fama sub astra ferat : 
tu melius: certo meruisti pignore vitae, 
ut tibi non esset morte probandus amor. 


Ov. M. 15. 486-487 extinctum. La- 
tiaeque nurus populusque patresque 
deflevere Numam. 

3. patrios...census is the 
property that Nigrina had inherited 
and that was secured to her by law; 
this she nevertheless shared with 
her husband. By M.’s time the 
emancipation of women was an 
accomplished fact; women married 
more and more frequently szze con- 
ventione, in which case their prop- 
erty (the dos excepted) did not 
become the property of their hus- 
bands. See Fried. SG. 1. 467-468. 
— miscere = communicare, or else 
coniuge is briefly put for cozzugzs 
censibus (= bonis). Such compa- 
ratio compendiaria is common both 
in Latin and in Greek. Latin is 
capable of saying oculus equi ele- 
phanto (= quam elephanti oculus) 
maior est. 

4. socio participique: ie. as 
companion and partner(of joys and 
earthly goods). — viro = marito, 1. 

5. Arserit Euhadne: cf. Hyg. 
Fab. 243 Euadne... propter Capa- 
neum coniugem qui apud Thebas 
perierat in eandem pyram se con- 
zecit; Ov. A. A. 3. 21 ff. Verg. A. 
6. 447 places her among the hero- 
ines of the lower world. Arserit 
may be meant to suggest not 
merely Euadne’s physical sacrifice, 
but her passionate love. The subjv. 
here is volitive (subjv. of will) with 
concessive force, ‘let Euadnehave’, 
etc., = though Euadne, etc. — in- 
iecta: pass., but with middle force. 


6. minor, zz less measure, less 
Sreely—A\cestin: when the oracle 
declared that Admetus, king of 
Pherae in Thessaly, must die un- 
less some one should die in his 
stead, his wife Alcestis offered her- 
self. The story has been immor- 
talized by the Alcestis of Euripides; 
seealso Hyg. Fab. 243.—sub astra 
ferat: cf. Lib. Spect. 1. 6 (mec) 
laudibus tnmodicis Cares in astra 
Jerant; Ennod. C. 2. 12. 10 guod 
vincens aevum nomen ad astra 
Jerat. The devotion of Nigrina 
shines by contrast with Juvenal's 
picture of marital infidelity and 
heartlessness; cf. Iuv. 6. 652- 
654 spectant (sc. women in the 
theater) subeuntem fata mariti Al- 
cestim et, similis si permutatio 
detur, morte viri cupiant animam 
servare catellae. 

7-8. * You need not die vicari- 
ously to prove your devotion; Ly 
your living you have gained greater 
glory than they gained by their 
dying’. Cf. 1. 8. 5-6 nolo virum 
facili redemit qui sanguine famam ; 
hunc volo, laudari qui sine morte 
potest. — melius: sc. feczsti. — 
Certo, unmistakable, genuine. — 
vitae may be regarded either as 
gen. of definition or as subjective 
gen.; $zenore vitae = ‘a pledge 
supplied by your living. — ut... 
amor: a result clause; zerursti 
(7) = effecisti. We might rewrite 
certo . .. amor thus: certo pignore, 
vita non morte, effecisti ut tibi esset 
probandus amor. 


EJ 


4. 86. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


125. 


Hospes eras nostri semper, Matho, Tiburtini. 
Hoc emis; imposui: rus tibi vendo tuum. 


Si vis auribus Atticis probari, 
exhortor moneoque te, libelle, 
ut docto placeas Apollinari. 
Nil exactius eruditiusque est, 
5 sed nec candidius benigniusque : 
si te pectore, si tenebit ore, 
nec rhonchos metues maligniorum, 
nec scombris tunicas dabis molestas ; 


79. M. intimates that Matho, 
who has so frequently and for so 
long spunged upon him at his 
villa, might wellassume that it be- 
longed to him. In Roman law 
possession of property.for a given 
time gave legal title to it. — Meter: 
$48. 

I. nostri. . . Tiburtini: sc. 
praedi. M. must refer to his No- 
mentanum (2. 38 N.), which may 
have been midway between No- 
mentum and Tibur. 

2. emis: prob. ironical. ‘Better 
buy the place outright ; and yet, if 
I were to sellitto you, that would 
be a cheat, for it is yours already ’. 
—imposui, / have cheated you, in 
charging you anything for it. Cf. 
3.57. 1 callidus imposuit nuper mihi 
copo Ravennae.— rus: see App. 

86. Cf. 1. 3; 3. 2. — Meter: 
§ 49. 

1. auribus Atticis: ears of 
people most critical, who recognize 
only the highest standards. As 
Athens represented the high-water 
mark of everything Greek, A 
cus came to mean ‘preéminent’, 


‘learned’, ‘critical’; cf. 3. 20. 9 
lepore tinctos Attico sales narrat? 
Cic. Or. 7. 23 (Demosthenes) quo ne 
Athenas quidem ipsas magis credo 
fuisse Atticas. 

3. docto: cf. 1. 25. 2 N.— 
Apollinari: apparently Domitius 
Apollinaris, consul designatus in 97. 
Cf. 7. 893. 10. 30. 

4. Nil: see on 1. Io. 3. 

5. candidius, /azrer (in judg- 
ment); cf. 8. 28. 15-16 sed Jet 
haec primis nivibus sint aemula 
dona, non sunt Parthenio candi- 
diora suo. 

6. pectore . . tenebit: ie. 
‘shall appreciate you'. — tenebit 
ore: i.e. 'shall talk favorably about 
you’. 

7. rhonchos: cf. I. 3. 5. N. 

8. scombris. .. molestas: cf. 
3. 2. 4 N.; 3. 50. 9. The term 
tunica molesta, ‘shirt of pain’ 
(Duff), a tunic or shirt smeared 
with pitch in which criminals were 
burned (cf. ro. 25. 5-6; Iuv. 1. 
155-157) is here humorously ap- 
plied to the paper in which the fish 
are wrapped. Cf. 13. 1. 1. 


126 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[4. 86. 9 


si damnaverit, ad salariorum 
10 curras scrinia protinus licebit, 
inversa pueris arande charta. 


9. salariorum: cf. 1. 41. 8 N. 

10. scrinia: see 1.2. 4 N. Here 
the scrzzza are boxes in which the 
dealers in salt fish (9) and school- 
masters keep their scrap-paper 
(see on 11). With ad... scrinia 
cf Catull r4. 17-18 ad hbrario- 
rum curram scrinia. 

II. inversa . . . charta : papy- 
rus (see I. 25. 7-8 ; note on charta, 

66. 7) was prepared to carry 
writing on but one side. The un- 
used side often served as scrap- 
paper or as wrapping-paper; cf. 8. 
62 1 scribit in aversa Picens epi- 
grammata charta; lav. 1. 4-6; Plin. 
Ep. 3. 5. 1r7.— pueris: either 
clerks of the tradesmen, who com- 


puted accounts on the reverse side, 
or schoolboys, who wrote exercises 
thereon. See Marq. 815, NN. 3-4, 
for mention of an Egyptian papy- 
rus now in Leyden which has a 
child's school exercises on the un- 
used side. — arande = scrzbende, 
but with ironical force, to mark the 
rough service to which the papyrus 
will be put. Avo, ‘write’, is rare, 
but Cicero, Pliny the Younger, and 
Suetonius use exavo in this sense. 
Note the case; strictly we should 
have the nom., to agree with the 
subject of curras, but since 1-10 
are directly addressed to the book, 


‘the voc. is natural enough; it is, 


besides, far more effective. 


LIBER V 


8 


Edictum domini deique nostri 

quo subsellia certiora fiunt 

et puros eques ordines recepit 

dum laudat modo Phasis in theatro, 
s  Phasis purpureis rubens lacernis, 

et iactat tumido superbus ore 

“Tandem commodius licet sedere, 

nunc est reddita dignitas equestris, 


8. At Rome in the theater 
people sat in classes; the senators 
sat in the orchestra, the knights 
(equites) in the first fourteen rows 
(gradus, subsellia) back of the 
senators, the populace back of 
the knights. This privilege of the 
knights dates at least from the Lex 
Roscia, carried through by L. Ro- 
scius Otho, /rzéunus plebis in 67 B.C. 
The law was naturally unpopular, 
Since it unseated many persons 
who had occupied desirable seats 
on equal terms with the knights. 
Hence persistent attempts were 
made to circumvent it; Phasis is 
a representative of a large class. 
At various times attempts were 
made to give new force to the old 
enactment, e.g. by the Lex Iulia 
of Augustus (Suet. Aug. 44) and 
by the edict which Domitian as 
censor morum issued in 89 or at 
the end of 88 (Suet. Dom. 8). Al- 
lusions to the whole matter are 
numerous; cf. e.g. 5. 14; 5. 27. 3-4 
‘bis septena tbi non sunt subsellia 
tanti ut sedeas viso pallidus Oceano 


(a dissignator, ‘usher’); Iuv. 3. 
153 ff.; Hor. Ep. 1. 1. 62 ff. See 
Fried. in Marq.-Wissowa 3. 531 ff.; 
3. 534 ff.— Meter: § 49. 

1. domini deique: used here 
for the first time; cf. IO. 72. 3. 
Domitian so styled himself, accord- 
ing to Suet. Dom. 13. See also 4. 
8. 8 ff, with notes; Mommsen 
Staats. 2. 759. 

3. puros... ordines: i.e. rows 
of seats uncontaminated by the 
rabble. Cf. 9. — eques: collective 
singular. 

4. Phasis: perhaps a fictitious 
name (8 38), coined to stigmatize a 
freedman who, as slave, had been 
brought from Colchis. Perhaps, 
however, the man’s resplendent 
attire reminded M. of a pheasant 
(phasis). See on 3. 58. 16. 

5. purpureis...lacernis: see 
2. 29. 3 N.; cf. the pl. Jacerzas in 
12. M. is perhaps hinting that 
Phasis was all clothes. 

6. tumido, vauzting. 

7. commodius, more comfort- 
ably, more decently; explained by 9. 


127* 


128 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5.8.9 


turba non premimur nec inquinamur ", 
10 haec et talia dum refert supinus, 

illas purpureas et adrogantes 

iussit surgere Leitus lacernas. 


Languebam : sed tu comitatus protinus ad me 
venisti centum, Symmache, discipulis ; 

centum me tetigere manus aquilone gelatae : 
non habui febrem, Symmache, nunc habeo. 


Sum, fateor, semperque fui, Callistrate, pauper, 
sed non obscurus nec male notus eques, 


10. supinus: ie. lolling lazily 
on thecomfortable equestrian seat. 


12. surgere: ie. to leave the’ 


equestrian seats. — Leitus: a d/s- 
szenator, mentioned repeatedly ; cf. 
5.14. 11; 5. 25. 1-2 quadringenta 
dbi non sunt, Chaerestrate : surge, 
Leitus ecce venit; st! fuge, curre, 
late. 

9. M. tells how the visit of a 
prominent physician made him 
seriously ill. — Meter: $ 48. 

1-2. Languebam, /was feeling 
a little dull, T was under the 
weather. — comitatus . . . disci- 
pulis: there were no hospitals in 
Rome; hence Symmachus turned 
M.s bedchamber into a clinic. 
Symmachus seems to have had 
notoriety, if not fame: cf. 6. 70. 
4-6. On medical practice at Rome 
see Fried. SG. r. 339 ff.; Marq. 
771 ff. For the syntax cf. Verg. A. 
1. 312 ipse uno graditur comitatus 
Achate. 

3. centum... gelatae: every 
pupil felt M.’s pulse. — aquilone 
gelatae: the tramontana was 
blowing at the time. 


4. nunc habeo: i.e. ‘they gave 
me fever and ague'. For the pen- 
tameterending in 2 and 4 see 
§ 48, b. 

I3. Callistratus was evidently 
a Greek, probably a freedman, per- 
haps an egzes (see on 2, 6). That 
he was boastful and vain may be 
assumed from the tone of M.’s 
remarks. — Meter: § 48. 

i, Sum... pauper: on M/s 
poverty see §§ 8-11; 14-15; 36. 
In 10. 76 (where Maevins prob. is 
a substitute for AZartialis) he com- 
plains that the poet freezes in an 
ugly garb, while the jockey shines 
in splendid clothes. It is alto- 
gether improbable that M. ever 
possessed the equestrian census 
(400,000 sestertii), though this was 
small enough compared with the 
enormous fortunes amassed by 
some of the freedmen, esp. such 
as were in favor with the emperors 
(seeon6). M., however, had eques- 
trian rank; cf. 5. 17. 2; 9.49. 4; $8. 

2. non...eques: thatthe ordo 
equester had sunk very low at this 
time is wellknown ; cf. Iuv. 3. 1 53 ff. 


5. I3. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


129 


sed toto legor orbe frequens et dicitur “Hic est”, 
quodque cinis paucis, hoc mihi vita dedit. 
5 At tua centenis incumbunt tecta columnis 
et libertinas arca flagellat opes 
magnaque Niliacae servit tibi gleba Syenes 
tondet et innumeros Gallica Parma greges. 
Hoc ego tuque sumus: sed quod sum non potes esse: 
1o tu quod es e populo quilibet esse potest. 


— male notus = zgnotus. It may 
also mean evilly known (infamis), 
and contain a reference to the 
proverbially iniquitous means used 
by the freedmen (e.g. Callistratus) 
to enrich themselves. 

3. sed...est: for M.’s fame 
see $$ 39-40.— toto . . . orbe: 
cf. r. 1, with notes; Ov, Am. r. 
I5. 8 zn toto semper ut orbe canar. 
— frequens is prop. used of 
crowded places, then of persons 
or things that gather or are col- 
lected in numbers (e.g.. /reguezs 
senatus). Here the use is odd, for 
M., in order to cling to his con- 
trast of ego and fx, says in the 
pass. what he could have said more 
clearly in the active: me toto orbe 
homines legunt frequentes. Render 
by ‘throngs of readers". — Hic est: 
cf. r. 1. I N.; Shakespeare, 1 Henry 
the Fourth, 3. 2. 47-48 “But. like 
a comet I was wonder'd at, That 
men would tell their children, * This 
is he’”; Otto s.v. Digitus. 

4. quod... dedit: cf. 1. 1. 
4-6 N.; Herrick 624 *I make no 
haste to have my numbers read: 
Seldome comes Glorie till à man 
be dead". 

5-8. ‘You are rich, yes, but 
obscure ’. 

5. tua... columnis: M. may 
be thinking of the many columns 
of the peristylium or tecta may = 
domus (synecdoche). In the atrium 
and the feristylium, long before 


M.s time, expensive and multi- 
colored marbles were used. Cf. 
Hor. C. 2. 18. 3-5; Verg. A. 7. 
170 tectum augustum, Ingens, cen- 
tum sublime columnis. 

6. libertinas .. . opes: the 
wealth and arrogance of the freed- 
men were proverbial. On the rule 
of the freedmen see Fried. SG. 1. 
392 ff. ; Merivale, chap. 5o. Hence 
libertinas may merely = zzgentes, 
immensas. Butin this context the 
word prob. serves rather to score 
Callistratus'sinsignificance ; see on 
male notus, 2, and cf. the analysis 
of 5-8. — flagellat: cf. 2. 30. 4 N. 

7. Magna... Syenes: Rome 
relied largely on Egypt for its 
supply of grain. Syene (modem 
Assuan) was a Roman frontier 
town on the east bank of the Nile 
just below the Lesser Cataract. 
The famous syenite, which was 
quarried there, made the place well 
known. For the gen. form Syezes 
See on I. 70. 10.—servit tibi, 
ministers to you, yields you wealth. 
— gleba: prop. a clod turned up 
by the plow; hence, virgin or rich 
soil,such asthe Nile valley afforded 
in a good season. 

8. tondet: sc. 442; ‘you know 
where your next toga will come 
from: I don't*. — Gallica Parma: 
cf. 2. 43. 4 N. 

9-10. quod sum: ie. distin- 
guished, though poor. — quod es: 
ie. insignificant, though rich. 


130 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 14. 1 


Sedere primo solitus in gradu semper 
tunc, cum liceret occupare, Nanneius 
bis excitatus terque transtulit castra, 
et inter ipsas paene tertius sellas 

5 post Gaiumque Luciumque consedit. 
Illinc cucullo prospicit caput tectus 
oculoque ludos spectat indecens uno. 


I4. Cf. s. 8, with notes. — 
Meter: $ 52. 

I. primo... gradu: the first 
of the fourteen rows of seats in 
the theater assigned to the eguzzes. 

2. cum... occupare: i.e. be- 
fore Domitian's edict was issued. 
— occupare: occupo often = ‘get 
the start of (somebody or some- 
thing else)’; cf. Cic. Cato M. 16. 56 
Ahala Sp. Maelium ... occupatum 
interemit. Hereitis usedof getting 
a seat by coming early. Render, 
‘when the practice was, first come, 
first served’. 

3. excitatus: we may perhaps 
supply e somo, and suppose that 
Nanneius pretended to be asleep 
when the usher approached.— 
transtulit castra: i.e. moved on. 
Leitus keeps Nanneius on the 
march, as a general keepsan enemy 
moving by hanging on hisrear. As 
used of an individual, the phrase 
is prob. part of the slang of the 
camp (sermo familiaris). Cf. Prop. 
4. 8. 28 multato volui castra movere 
toro. 

4-5. inter... consedit is pure 
hyperbole, sheer fun; all attempts 
to interpret the words literally in- 
volve absolute disregard of the 
known conditions and arrangements 
of the Roman theater. Se//as appar- 
ently = ‘sittings’, 'sitting-places'; 
inter ...sellas marks a contrast with 
sedere (1), and thus makes consedit 


(5) a bit of grim humor (sad! took 
his position !). Formerly, Nanneius 
had a full, comfortable seat; now 
all he has is a place between two 
seats! —paenetertius: more grim 
humor; he was almost in line with 
the other two, yet after all very far 
from having seats as they had. — 
post... Lucium: the Romans 
used the names Gaius, Lucius, 
Seius, and Titius as the names 
John Doe and Richard Roe are 
now used, esp. by lawyers. Cf. the 
Digesta passim; Iuv. 4. 13-14 zam 
quod turpe bonis Titio Seiogue de- 
cebat Crispinum ; and the response 
of the bride in the wedding cere- 
mony guando tu Gaius, ego Gaia. 
Here Gaius and Lucius are true 
knights, fully entitled to seats in 
the fourteen rows.—-que... 
-que: a combination almost wholly 
confined to poetry; common in M. 
— consedit keeps up the military 
figure of 3; cozsido is often used 
of a general or army taking a given 
position. 

6. cucullo...tectus: heseeks 
to hide his face; cf. 1. 55. 4 N. We 
may supposethatthere was nothing 
in Nanneius's garb to attract the 
usher's attention; cf. 5. 8. 5, 11. 

7. oculo... indecens uno, 
am unsightly, one-eyed creature, 
gives the result of cucullo... caput 
tectus (6); oculo...uno is causal 
abl.— spectat: see 1. 4. 5 N. 


5. 20. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I3I 


Dy 


Et hinc miser deiectus in viam transit 
subsellioque semifultus extremo 

ro et male receptus altero genu iactat 
equiti sedere Leitoque se stare. 


20 


Si tecum mihi, care Martialis, 
securis liceat frui diebus, 
si disponere tempus otiosum 
et verae pariter vacare vitae, 

5 nec nos atria nec domos potentum 
nec litis tetricas forumque triste 


8. miser: mock sympathy. — 
deiectus: alsoa military term, used 
ofanenemy dislodged from his posi- 
tion. —viam: eitherone of the pas- 
sages running between the blocks 
of seats (cuzez), technically known 
as scalae, or, more probably, one of 
the praecinctiones. Two or three of 
the latter commonly ran round the 
theater, partly to separate the dif- 
ferent classes of seats, partly to 
facilitate ingress and egress. The 
viae afforded standing room to 
people not having regular seats. — 
For the czesura see § 52, c. 

9. subsellio... extremo may 
mean the end of a row, or, better, 
the last of the fourteen rows of the 
knights (contrast primo... gradu, r). 
Nanneius clings desperately to the 
equestrian seats; to gofurther back 
is to belost in the rabble. — semi- 
fultus, only half supported. 

10. male receptus: freely, 
‘resting uncomfortably’.— altero, 
one, almost = a/terutro. — iactat, 
boasts (cf. 5. 8. 6); with stare, 11, it 
= asserts; itneed not imply speech. 

II. equiti: collective singular. 
—sedere: ie. that he has a real 
seat as an egzes; cf. 1, and note on 


4-5.— Leito: see 5. 8. 12 N.— 
stare: as he evidently had a right 
to do, in the va, 8. 


20. Cf. 1. 15, with notes. — 
Meter: § 49. 
1-10. Si... liceat...nosse- 


mus...essent: M. has combined 
two different conditional forms: 
(1) sz... liceat .. . norimus . . . sint, 
and (2) sz... £ceret... nossemus ... 
essent. Fusion (confusion) of syn- 
tactical forms is common at all 
periods of Latin. 

3. disponere ...otiosum: cf. 
Plin. Ep. 4. 23. 1 ex communibus 
amicis cognovi te, ul sapientia tua 
dignum, est, et disponere otium et 
ferre. 

4. verae . . . vitae: cf. vivere, 
I4; notes On I. I5. 4; I. 103. 12; 
2. 9o. 3. — pariter, zz each other's 
company. 

5. domos potentum: houses 
to which clients, such as M. was, 
must resort at the daily levee; cf. 
I. 70.13; 12.18. 4-5; Hor. Epod. 
2. 7-8 forumque vitat et superba 
civium potentiorum limina. 

6. tetricas: cf. 10. 20. I4 N. — 
triste: because associated with 
funerals, litigation, and money 


132 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 20. 7 


nossemus nec imagines superbas, 

sed gestatio, fabulae, libelli, 

Campus, porticus, umbra, Virgo, thermae, 
10. haec essent loca semper, hi labores 

Nunc vivit necuter sibi bonosque 

soles effugere atque abire sentit, 

qui nobis pereunt et inputantur. 

Quisquam vivere cum sciat, moratur ? 


Mane domi nisi te volui meruique videre, 
sint mihi, Paule, tuae longius Esquiliae. 


losses. In the forum the funeral 
oration (/audatzo funebris) was pro- 
nounced; the Centumviri met in 
the Basilica Iulia; many of the 
brokers (argentari) did business 
there. Cf. foro abire, foro cedere, 
“become bankrupt’. 

7. imagines superbas: see 2. 
90. 6 N.; 3. 38. 11 N. ; Sen. Ben. 
3. 28. 2 qui zmagines im atrio ex- 
ponunt et nomina familiae suae 
longo ordine ac multis stemmatum 
inligata flexuris im parte prima 
aedium collocant, non noti. magis 
quam nobiles sunt ? 

8. gestatio: aplace of exercise, 
then the exercise taken in a gesta- 
tiv; cf. I. 12. $-8. — For the - see 
$ 54, c. — fabulae, conversation. 

9. Campus: see 2. 14. 3-4 N. 
— porticus: these colonnades 
were frequently flanked by rows of 
trees, which added to their beauty 
and comfort; see on 2. II. 2; 2. 
14. 3-4, 10.— Virgo: for this aque- 
duct see on 4. 18. 1. — The con- 
tinuous diaresis here (§ 49, d) is 
most effective; it makes each item 
named stand out distinctly. So in 
10 semper stands out. 

10. See App. 


II-I2. necuter = euer or ne 
alteruter quidem, neither of which 
is metrically admissible here. — 
bonos... soles: such days 
ought to be put to a better use. 
For soles in the sense of aes cf. 
Hor. C. 4. 5. 7-8 gratior it dies et 
soles melius nitent. 

13. pereunt: cf. 10. 58. 7-8. — 
et = ef lamen. —inputantur: ie. 
*are charged up to our account by 
the Fates, who keep the score’; cf. 
10. 30. 26-27; 10. 44. 5-6 gaudia 
tu differs, at non et stamina differt 
Atropos atque omnis  scribitug 
(= inputatur) hora tibi. 

14. Quisquam isused chieflyin 
negative sentences; hence the vs. 
= num quis. . moratur, The 
thought is, A/artialis, vivere nesct- 
mus, ego et fu. 

22. M. complains that his pa- 
tron Paulus has treated him un- 
fairly. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Mane: at the saZutatzo. — 
merui... videre: mereo with inf. 
occurs also in Ov., Iuv., Quint.; cf. 
4. IO. 4. 

2. sint: subjv. of wish; for the 
structure of 1-2 cf. 2. 1-2. 
Sint = absint. Down to the end of 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


133 


Sed Tiburtinae sum proximus accola pilae, 
qua videt anticum rustica Flora Iovem : 
5 alta Suburani vincenda est semita Clivi 
et numquam sicco sordida saxa gradu, 
vixque datur longas mulorum rumpere mandras 


the Republic the Mons Esquilinus 
was not a favorite place of resi- 
dence. The eastern part (the Cam- 
pus Esquilinus), outside of the 
Agger of Servius, was the place of 
executionanda common burial-plot 
where the bodies of the poor were 
disposed of under circumstances 
most revolting; see Lanciani Anc. 
R. 64 ff. Maecenas, the patron of 
Horace, bought the place, covered 
the burial-pits ( Pz£zezz) with thirty 
feet of earth, and laid out there 
the famous Horti Maecenatiani, in 
which he built his great palace. 
By M.s time many rich people 
lived there. Cf. Iuv. 3. 69 ff. M. 
could not, for metrical reasons, use 
Esquilinus. 

3. Sed: ‘but as a matter of 
fact I live far enough away’. — 
Tiburtinae . . . pilae: an un- 
known object, prob. a monument 
erected at a street-crossing. See 
Jordan Archaeol. Zeit. 4. 71 ; Bau- 
meister 1532. 

4. qua... Iovem: the Aedes 
Florae here referred to was on the 
northern side of the Quirinalis, 
prob. facing the Capitolium Vetus, 
which lay to the south of it. See 
Hiilsen Rhein. Mus. 49. 407 ff.; 49. 
419; Baumeister 1532.— rustica 
Flora: the worship of Flora was 


common enough in the rural dis-. 


tricts, e.g. among the Sabini and 
the Marsi, before it was brought to 
Rome. Rustica may, however, re- 
ferto the temple, which, according 
to some, lay outside the Agger of 
Servius and so was in the country. 


See Preller-Jordan 1. 431; Roscher 
Lex. M. at this time dwelt in 
lodgings on the Quirinalis (see 1. 
117. 6 N.); later he seems to have 
owned a modest house there. See 
9. 97. 7-8; Hülsen Rhein. Mus. 49. 
396; Brandt 3o. 

5. alta . . . Clivi: the Clivus 
Suburanus led from the Subura up 
the Esquilinus; cf. 10. 20. 4-5. It 
seems to have been both steep 
and narrow (cf. semita); hence 
locomotion was difficult in the 
crowds that swarmed in and out 
of the Subura. — vincenda = ;sz- 
peranda; cf. Verg. G. 3. 270 supe- 
rant montes et flumina tranant. 

6. et... gradu: the way is not 
only steep but muddy. Many of 
the aqueducts entered Rome by 
way of the Esquiline, and the drip- 
ping from countless pipes added 
to the mud. See Burn Joum. of 
Phil ro. 2. On the press and filth 
of the streets see Io. 10. 7-8; Iuv. 
3. 243-248. — gradu: collective 
sing.; the reference is to steps or 
stages in the steep grade of the 
street. 

7. mandras: mandra (cf. uáv- 
6pa) prop. —an inclosed space, esp. 
forcattle —‘pen’, ‘stable’; then a 
‘herd’ or*drove' of animals. Here 
the reference is to pack-animals 
strung out along the narrow semita 
(ongas), blocking it. Cf. Iuv. 3. 
237 stantis convicia mandrae, the 
wrangling of drivers whose pack 
has been brought to a stop in the 
Streets. — rumpere = perrumpere; 
see on pone, 1. 4. 2. 


134 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


quaeque trahi multo marmora fune vides. 
Illud adhuc gravius, quod te post mille labores, 
Io Paule, negat lasso ianitor esse domi. 
Exitus hic operis vani togulaeque madentis : 
vix tanti Paulum mane videre fuit. 
Semper inhumanos habet officiosus amicos : 
rex, nisi dormieris, non potes esse meus. 


8. trahi multo...fune: ic. 
being dragged through the Subura 
up the ascent; cf. Iuv. 3. 257—260. 

9. Illud. . . gravius, ls isa 
hardship still more trying. Illud 
is explained by guod. . . dom; ille 
often thus refers to what follows. 
— adhuc: this use of adhuc to 
strengthen a comparative is some- 
what late; cf. Iuv. 8. 36-37 s quid 
adÀuc est quod fremat in terris vio- 
lentius. —labores: sc. meos. 

10, negat...domi:cf.2.5. 5 N.; 
"Tib. 2. 6. 48 Zaec (i.e. his dozzna) 
negat esse domi; Sen. Brev. Vit. 
14. 4 quam multi per refertum clien- 
tibus atrium prodire vitabunt et per 
obscuros aedium aditus profugient ? 
quasi non inhumanzus sit decipere 
quam excludere; Hor. Ep. 1. 5. 
30-31. 

11. operis vani: cf. 4. 26 and 
many other wails of M. concerning 
theunprofitableness of the officium; 
Iuv. 5. 76-79. — togulae: dim., be- 
cause the toga of the poor client 
is scanty and threadbare; see on 
4. 26. 4. —madentis either — 
sweating (cf. sudatrix toga, 12. 18. 
5 N.), or is to be explained by a 
reference to 6. 

I2. vix tanti: cf. 1. I2. II N.; 
2.5.7-8. For like const. (with inf.) 
cf. 8. 69. 3-4. — videre: ie. (even) 
to see. 

13. Officiosus, a man who 
answers duty s call; said of Paulus, 
in part ironically because he 


wholly fails to do his duty by his 
clients, in part seriously, because, 
as M. intimates, though he is pa- 
tron to M. and others, he is still a 
client to others above him. For 
this state of things cf. 2. 32. 7-8 
non bene, crede mihi, servo servitur 
amico: sit liber, dominus qui volet 
esse meus; 2. 18, with notes. — 
amicos: ironical; cf. Sen. Ben. 
6. 33. 4 mon sunt isti amici qui 
agmine magno ianuam pulsant, qui 
in primas et secundas admissiones 
digeruntur. 

14. rex: cf. 2. 18. 5 N.; I. 112. 
1-2 cum te non nossem, dominum 
regemque vocabam ; nunc bene te 
novi: iam mihi Priscus eris.— 
nisi dormieris: i.e. ‘later (until I 
can reach your house), instead of 
starting forth early yourself to 
dance attendance on some other 
man’. * 

24. Onapopular gladiator. In 
Rome the great gladiators and 
jockeys (aurigae, agitatores) were 
in their day heroes; cf. Lib. Spect. 
29.3N. Hermes was evidently for 
a time a darling of the people. — 
Meter: § 49. 

ri. Hermes, Helius (5), Ad- 
volans (6) are prob. stage names 
(§ 38). They may, however, be 
genuine slave names (gladiators 
were either captives or slaves); 
owners named slaves sometimes 
from the places of their nativity 
(cf. Afer, Syrus, etc.), sometimes 


5. 24. 9] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


135 


Hermes Martia saeculi voluptas, 
Hermes omnibus eruditus armis, 
Hermes et gladiator et magister, 
Hermes turba sui tremorque ludi, 

s Hermes, quem timet Helius, sed unum, 
Hermes, cui cadit Advolans, sed uni, . 
Hermes vincere nec ferire doctus, 
Hermes subpositicius sibi ipse, 

Hermes divitiae locariorum, 


after some deity or mythological 
personage. — Martia: prop. so 
dierly; freely, ‘prince of gladiators’. 
Cf. 2.75.8 Martia non vidit maius 
harena nefas, — saeculi, of the age. 
—The repeated omission of the 
verb (est) makes the epigram virtu- 
ally a prolonged ejaculation. 

2. omnibus ... armis: most 
gladiators were trained to fight in 
some particular way (e.g. as retiariz 
or ZAraeces; see on Lib. Spect. 
29. 5) and were content to distin- 
guish themselves therein. On the 
gladiatorial schools see Fried. SG. 
2. 376 ff. 

3. gladiator... magister: 
Hermes notonly fights, but teaches 
others, either as a zagzster of a 
ludus gladiatorius, or as a private 
trainer (Jazzsta). 

4. turba . . . ludi: freely, ‘the 
terror and awe of his own school’. 
Hermes maintains perfect disci- 
pline and the rigorous training so 
necessary to the making of the 
great gladiator. The only /zzóa in 
Hermes's school he himself makes; 
the mere sight of him causes every 
one there to tremble. Cf. 5. 65. 
5-6 silvarumque tremor, tacita qui 
Jraude solebat ducere nec rectas 
Cacus in antra boves. 


5-6. Helius... Advolans: 
star gladiators. Helius (cf. 7s) 
is resplendent (in his armor) as the 
sun; Advolans flies at (cf. advolare) 
his opponent.— sed: true adver- 
sative conjunction; some wrongly 
compare sed in 1.43.9. The thought 
is: Hermen timet Helius sed (eum) 
unum (timet). Cf. 6. — cui: dat. 
of interest, ‘for whom’ = ‘before 
whom’. 

7. vincere...doctus: he isso 
skillful that he can render his foe 
hors de combat without giving him 
the fatal stroke, and so magnani- 
mous that he prefers to do this. 
The inf. with ptc. or adj. is common 
in poetry, e.g. in Vergil’s Eclogues 
and Horace’s Odes; cf. 6. 52. 4. 

8. subpositicius...ipse: 
Hermes is never worn out or 
wounded and so never needs a sub- 
stitute, ie. a fresh gladiator who 
takes the place of one killed or 
compelled to retire from the con- 
flict. Cf. C.LL. 4.1179; Petr. 45 
tertiarius (= subpostticius) mortuus 
pro mortuo (erat). 

9. divitiae locariorum: i.e. a 
veritable fortune to speculators in 
seats, because, when Hermes was 
to appear in the arena, all Rome 
came. It is well-nigh certain that 


136 : 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[ 5. 24. 10 


10 Hermes cura laborque ludiarum, 
Hermes belligera superbus hasta, 
Hermes aequoreo minax tridente, 
Hermes casside languida timendus, 
Hermes gloria Martis universi, 

1s Hermes omnia solus et ter unus. 


26 


Quod alpha dixi, Corde, paenulatorum 
te nuper, aliqua cum iocarer in charta, 


at least a part of the sittings was 
commonly reserved and sold; see 
Marq.-Wissowa 3. 492-493. Lo- 
carii were persons who speculated 
in seats by reselling places they 
had bought, or persons who, going 
early, took possession of free sit- 
tings which others were glad to 
buy of them. For the word see on 
salariorum, 1. 41. 8. 

ro. cura... ludiarum: Her- 
mes is the ‘anxious care ' and the 
‘toil’ of the Zuazae, i.e. the object 
of their anxious care and toil; cf. 
Hor. C. 1. 17. 18-20 fide Teta dices 
laborantes in uno Penelopen vitre- 
amque Circen; Y. 14. 18 mune 
desiderium curaque non levis (said 
of the ship of state). The mean- 
ing of Zudia is uncertain. The 
scholiast on Iuv. 6. 104 defines it 
as = ludis serviens (an ancilla in 
the service of the /udus glad/a- 
torius?), gladiator?s uxor. It might 
also stand for a ballet-dancer, 
pantomimist (cf. Zud/us). 

ir. M. makes Hermes a repre- 
sentative of three different classes 
of gladiators, distinguished here, 
as in actual combat, by their armor; 
cf. 2, with note. — belligera... 
hasta: Hermes is now a ve/es or 
Samnis. — superbus : freely, * ex- 
ulting in’, 


12. aequoreo. . tridente: 
ie. as retiarius, who sought to 
throw a refe over his foe and then 
kill him with a three-pronged 
spear, such as Neptune is repre- 
sented in art as using; hence 
aequoreo. Cf. Iuv. 8. 203-206. 

I3. casside...timendus: the 
obscurity of this vexed passage, 
which is prob. corrupt, is hardly 
lessened by the attempts of com- 
mentators to see in /azguzda a 
reference to the armor of an azda- 
bata (who, as he fought, wore a 
helmet that wholly covered his 
eyes), or to the drooping crest of 
a Samnite’s helmet. 

15. omnia solus, a// things in 
his single self; cf. Ov. Her. 12° 
161-162 deseror, amissis regno 
patriague, domoque, coniuge, qui 
nobis omnia solus erat. — ter unus, 
thrice unique, as champion in three 
kinds of fighting (11-13). Various 
editors suggest that M, is thinking 
of rpicuéyioros, an epithet of the 
god Hermes. — For the meter see 
§ 49, d. 

26. Cordus had apparently re- 
sented 2. 57. 4; M. now seeks to 
placate him. — Meter: $ 52. 

1, alpha... paenulatorum: 
see 2. 57. 4 N. 

2. charta: see 1. 25. 7 N. 


5. 34. 2] 


si forte bilem movit hic tibi versus 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


137 


Li 


dicas licebit beta me togatorum. 


29 


Si quando leporem mittis mihi, Gellia, dicis 
* Formonsus septem, Marce, diebus eris " 

Si non derides, si verum, lux mea, narras, 
edisti numquam, Gellia, tu leporem. 


34 


Hanc tibi, Fronto pater, genetrix Flaccilla, puellam 
oscula commendo deliciasque meas, 


3. bilem movit: cf. Hor. Ep. 
I. 19. 19-20 o tmitatores, servum 
pecus, ut mihi saepe bilem, saepe 
zocum vestri movere tumultus ! Tuv. 
15. 15-16 Uem aut risum fortasse 
quibusdam moverat. 

4. togatorum: men too poor 
to wear the more fashionable 
raiment ( ?aezz/a, lacernae). 


29. It was a popular notion 


that the eating of hare would have 
the effect, at least for a limited 
period, of adding to one's good 
looks. This view may have arisen 
from the confusion of /epus, ‘hare’, 
and depos (eor), ‘charm’, ‘ grace’. 
Cf. Plin. N. H. 28. 260; Ael. Lam- 
prid. Alex. Sev. 38. — Meter: § 48. 

1. leporem mittis: the hare 
was accounted a delicacy; cf. 13.92. 
I-2 inter aves turdus, si quid me 
iudice certum est, inter quadrupedes 
mattea primalepus. In 7.20.4-5 M. 
says of a glutton fer poscit apri 
&landulas, quater lumbum, et utram- 
que coxam leporis et duos armos. 

2. Formonsus: the earlier 
spelling of /orzzosz.s. — Marce: the 
poet himself. 

3. lux mea: ironical. For the 
phrase cf. 7. 14. 7-8 lux mea non 
capitur nugis neque moribus istis 


nec dominae pectus talia damna 
movent ; Catull. 68. 132 lux mea se 
nostrum contulit in gremium. 

34. Cf. 5.37; 10. 61. M. com- 
mends to Fronto and Flaccilla, 
his parents (8 6), now in the under- 
world, the little Erotion. Thechild, 
who had apparently been a petted 
verzia in M.'s house, had just died, 
and had in all probability been 
buried on the poet's estate. The 
name Erotion means ‘Little Love’. 
For Ms love of children see § 38; 
for his possession of a slave see 
§ 11. Forthe type of epigram here 
represented see $26 (1). Brandt, 
however, thinks that M. wrote this 
and other epigrams (e.g. 6. 28; 6. 
52; 7. 96; 10. 61) forpay. Cf. Van 
Stockum 28. In that case Fronto 
and Flaccilla would be the parents 
of the person for whom M. wrote 
the epigram. — Meter: § 48. 

r. Fronto... Flaccilla: par- 
ents of M.; so Fried. Einl. 11 ; Van 
Stockum 7; Teuffel, $ 322, 1. See 
on inter... patronos, 7. 

2. oscula...delicias: in app. 
tohanc... puellam. For oscula see 
onI.IO9.2. Here it is a term of 
endearment; cf. German KXZfichez. 
— delicias: see on 1. 109. 5. 


138 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5- 34-3 


parvola ne nigras horrescat Erotion umbras 
oraque Tartarei prodigiosa canis. 
5 Inpletura fuit sextae modo frigora brumae, 
vixisset totidem ni minus illa dies. 
Inter tam veteres ludat lasciva patronos 
et nomen blaeso garriat ore meum. 
Mollia non rigidus caespes tegat ossa nec illi, 
10 Terra, gravis fueris: non fuit illa tibi. 


3. parvola: cf. 5.— ne. 
horrescat: the dark specters and 
monsters of Orcus, esp. Cerberus, 
with his three (or more) heads and 
terrific bark, would be apt to 
frighten a little child. 

5-6. Inpletura fuit... vixis- 
set...ni: for the conditional 
formsee A. 517, d; GL. 597, Rem. 
3 (a).— sextae . . . brumae: i.e. 
she almost saw for the sixth time 
the winter solstice; cf. 3. 58. 8 N.; 
7.65. 1 te bis decumae numerantem 
Srigora brumae. —totidem = sex; 
join with Zzes. — minus: ie. than 
the number necessary to complete 
the full sixth year; cf. 5. 37. 15-16; 
6. 28. 7-8. 

7. Inter... patronos marks 
the contrast between the sedate 
old folks and the sportive child. 
The Patroni are Fronto and Flac- 
cilla ($6). Veteres could hardly be 
used of Erotion's own parents. — 
ludat lasciva: freely, ‘sport and 
frolic’. The natural jollity of the 
child is such that even the gloom 
of the lower world cannot conquer 
it. Onearth she had frolicked with 
M. (cf. 5. 37. 17); now she must be 
content with older persons. — pa- 
tronos: in generalsense, protectors. 

8. blaeso... ore: the poetsees 
in the girl’s lisp only added charm; 
cf. 10. 65. 10. 

9-10. Mark the antithesis in 
Mollia and rigidus, illi and tibi. 


— non...tegat: note zz (not ze) 
with subjv. of prayer; this usage 
is found but rarely in Cicero (per- 
haps only once), but is not infre- 
quent in Silver Latin, occurring 
even in prose, e.g. in Seneca. — 
nec...fueris: a poetic variation 
of the conventional sepulchral 
S.T.T. L. = sz£ tbi terra levis; cf. 
1. 88. 2N.; 6. 52. 5; 9. 29. 11 sz tii 
terra levis mollique tegaris harena. 
For zec here see on Lib. Spect. 1. 2. 
On the peculiar use of the pf. subjv. 
see Clement A. J. P. 21. 157. — non 
fuit: sc. gvav7s. Shewasnoburden 
to the earth as she walked and she 
gave the earth no trouble in other 
ways. Cf. Anthol. Lat. (Meyer) 
1349 Zerrague, quae mater nunc est, 
sibi sit levis, oro, namque gravis 
nulli vita futt pueri. * 
37. Paetus (18) had apparently 
ridiculed M. for displaying grief 
for Erotion's death (see 5. 34, with 
notes). M. intimates here that 
Paetus's ostentatious mourning for 
his dead wife is wholly assumed 
for effect, perhaps even to cover 
up suspicion of foul play used to 
get rid of her that he might pos- 
sess her wealth. Lessing ix. p. 31 
is of the opinion that the point of 
the epigram does not harmonize 
with what leads up to it and that 
this incongruous mixture of grave 
and gay violates the canon of the 
epigram (see $ 27). — Meter: $ 52. 


5. 37. 8] 


37 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


139 


Puella senibus dulcior mihi cycnis, 
agna Galaesi mollior Phalantini, 
concha Lucrini delicatior stagni, 
cui nec lapillos praeferas Erythraeos 

5 nec modo politum pecudis Indicae dentem 
nivesque primas liliumque non tactum, 
quae crine vicit Baetici gregis vellus 
Rhenique nodos aureamque nitellam 


r. senibus. ..cycnis: M. pic-* 
tures the grace and beauty of Ero- 
tion by a series of comparisons. 
If senibus = white with age, can- 
didis,then M. is ascribing to Erotion 
the brilliant whiteness of skin 
(candor) so much admired by the 
Romans at this time; cf. 1.115. 2 
loto candidior puella cycno; Verg. E. 
7. 37-38 Galatea, thymo mihi dul- 
cor Hyblae, candidior cycnis. But 
since swans were believed to have 
a wonderful power of song just 
before death (cf. 13. 77), M. may 
mean rather that the child had a 
sweet voice. Sezibushas adj.force; 
see on 1. 66. 7; 3. 58. 7. 

2. agna .. . Phalantini: cf. 
2.43.3 N. — agna . . . mollior: cf. 
Iuv.8. 15 e? Euganea quantumvis 
mollior agna, said of a man. 

3. concha...stagni: ie. the 
pearl in the oyster shells taken from 
the Lucrine Lake. Cf. 3.60. 3 N. 

4. cui: Erotion was a pearl; 
all ocean could not show her like. 
—lapillos...Erythraeos: 
pearls from eastern seas. For 
lapillos see 1. 109. 4N. The name 
Mare Erythraeum, which in later 
days was restricted to the Arabian 
and Persian Gulfs and to the sea 
South and east of Arabia, to Hero- 
dotus and the men of an earlier time 


included also the Indian Ocean. 
Cf. 9. 2.9 splendet Erythraeis per- 
lucida moecha lapillis; 9.12.5; Stat. 
Silv. 4. 6. 17-18 o bona nox!... 
nox et Erythraeis Thetidis signanda 
Japallis ! 

5. nec...dentem: the ivory 
of the elephant's tusk, like the dia- 
mond, is most valuable when cut 
and artificially polished. — modo, 
newly, freshly. — pecudis: applied 
tothe elephant as gregarious; /e/ua 
marks his size and ferocity. — den- 
tem: see on I. 72. 4; 2. 43.9. Mark 
the dactylin the first and third feet. 

6. nives...primas, vzrgzm 
snow; cf. I. I15. 3. ‘Whiter than 
snow’ has been proverbial in many 
literatures; cf. e.g. 12. 82. 7 N.; Ov. 
Pont. 2. 5. 37-38 (pectora) lacte et 
non calcata candidiora nive; Psalms 
51. 7; Otto s.v. Vix. — lilium... 
tactum: cf. 1. I15. 3; Prop. 2. 3. 10 
dila non domina sint magis alba 
mea. 

7-8. quae ... nitellam: Ero- 
tion's auburn or reddish tresses 
rivaled in color the wool of Bae- 
tica or the hair of the maidens of 
the Rhineland. Wool was some- 
times valued because of its native 
color; this varied with localities: 
see Beck. 3. 289. The flocks raised 
in the valley of the Baetis (modern 


140 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 37. 9 


— fragravit ore, quod rosarium Paesti, 

10. quod Atticarum prima mella cerarum, 
quod sucinorum rapta de manu gleba — 
cui conparatus indecens erat pavo, 


Guadalquivir) had fleeces of a 
golden yellow that was much liked 
at Rome; cf. Tert. Pall 3 zec de 
ovibus dico Milesits et Selgicis et 
Altinis, aut quis (= quibus) Ta- 
rentum vel Baetica cluet natura 
colorante. — Rheni...nodos: the 
yellow hair of the Germans was 
well known in Italy and was im- 
ported into Rome for the use of 
women not naturally blond, as was 
also Dutch pomade (sfuma Batava, 
caustica), which was used to bleach 
the hair to the fashionable hue. 
Cf. 5.68.1-2 Arctoa de gente comam 
Ubi Lesbia, misi, ut scires quanto 
sit tua flava magis. Many of the 
German tribes had peculiar ways 
of arranging their hair; these may 
have been somewhat imitated at 
Rome, esp. by women. Cf. Lib. 
Spect. 3. 9 crinibus in nodum torti 
venere (Romam) Sicambri, Sen. Ira 
3. 26. 3 nec rufus crinis et coactus 
in nodum apud Germanos virum 
dedecet. — Rheni: the name of a 
river often stands for that of the 
people living in the country watered 
by it (metonymy); cf. Hor. C. 3. 
29. 25-28 fu curas .. . quid regnata 
Cyro Bactra parent Tanaisque dis- 
cors (i.e. the Scythians). — auream 
-..nitellam: Servius interprets 
Verg. G. 1. 181 saefe exiguus mus 
by zitella, mus agrestis robeus. 
9-11. ‘Her breath was as fra- 
grant as roses, or honey, or amber’. 
M. breaks the string of relative 
clauses by inserting here an inde- 
pendent clause; 1—13, be it noted, 
are in app. with Zrotion, 14. — ore 
= breath, odore(metonymy).— quod 
...Paesti: sc. fragrat. Note that 
JSragro is now construed with the 


acc. (guod; cf. hoc in 3. 65. 9, cited 
below); the abl. is the ordinary 
const. with the verb (cf. ore). 1t 
should be noted that neuter pro- 
nouns (and adjectives) are freely 
used in the acc. sing., even in prose, 
with verbs that commonly require 
some other construction. — rosa- 
rium: there was a steady demand 
at Rome for roses, esp. in con- 
nection with dinners, so great a 
demand in fact that even the rose- 
farms of Paestum could not supply 
it, though the plants bloomed twice 
ayear. Cf. 6.80.6; 12. 31. 3; Verg. 
G. 4. 119 biferique rosaria Paesti; 
Prop. 4. 5.61 vid ego odorati victura 
rosaria Paesti. — quod .. . cera- 
rum: ie. ‘fragrance such as honey 
has when first taken from combs 
filled by Attic bees'. — prima may 
mean ew, fresh, such honey being 
more redolent than honey which 
has been exposed to the air, or, 
simply, the very finest, prime. Mt. 
Hymettus near Athens was famous 
for its bees and its marble; cf. 
7. 88. 8 N.— quod... gleba; 
Roman women frequently carried 
in their hands bits of amber or 
balls of glass or crystal, to cool the 
hands; when warmed by the hand 
amber gave forth a pleasant odor. 
Cf., then, 3. 65. 5-9 quod myrtus, 
quod messor Arabs, quod sucina 
trita... hoc tua... basia fragrant; 
luv. 6. 573; Beck. 3. 267. — suci- 
norum: see on 4. 32; 4. 59. 1.— 
rapta de manu: i.e. still warm and 
fragrant from contact with the 
hand. — gleba, 6z#, piece; see on 
5.13.9, 

12. Cui... pavo: cf. Ov. M. 
13. 802 (Galatea) daudato pavone 


5. 37- 24] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I4I 


inamabilis sciurus et frequens phoenix, 
adhuc recenti tepet Erotion busto, 
15 quam pessimorum lex amara fatorum 
sexta peregit hieme, nec tamen tota, 
nostros amores gaudiumque lususque. 
Et esse tristem me meus vetat Paetus 
pectusque pulsans pariter et comam vellens 
20  * Deflere non te vernulae pudet mortem ? 
ego coniugem " inquit **extuli et tamen vivo, 
notam, superbam, nobilem, locupletem ". 
Quid esse nostro fortius potest Paeto? 
ducentiens accepit et tamen vivit. 


superbior. See 3.58.13 N. — inde- 
cens: cf. 5. 14. 7 N. 

13. frequens phoenix: com- 
pared to Erotion, the phoenix, one 
of therarest of birds, wasacommon 
thing. Concerning this fabulous 
bird, to which tradition ascribed a 
resplendent plumage, many dif- 
ferent beliefs were current through- 
out the east. M.seems to have in 
mind the common opinion that it 
appeared in Egypt but once in five 
hundred years. See Tac. Ann. 6. 
28; Hdt. 2. 73. For frequens see 
on 5. 13. 3. — For the czsura see 
§ 52, c. 

14. adhuc... busto: Erotion’s 
ashes are hardly yet cold. — bu- 
stum, prop. the place where the 
funeral pyre was set up, here almost 
= the pyra itself. 

16. sexta... tota: cf. 5. 34. 


5-6 N.; 10. 61. 1-2. Sexta = only. 


(but) the sixth. The abl. is tem- 
poral; in prose we should have zz 
sexta hieme, etc. M. means that 
Erotion sex tantum hiemes vixit 
nec eas quidem totas. 

r7. nostros. .. lusus: cf. 5. 


34.2 N. 
18. Et, and yet, but. 


I9. pectus... vellens: cf. 2. 
II. 5 N. — pariter: sc. mecum. The 


‘vs. — 'though he shows as much 


grief outwardly as I'. — -que joins 
vetat, 18, and znquat, 21. 

20. vernulae: the dim. marks, 
objectively, the contempt of Paetus 
for the slave; M. makes the dim. 
express, subjectively, his own affec- 
tion for the child. 

21, extuli: cf. 4. 24. 2. — vivo 
= (1) manage to live; (2) enjoy life. 
Cf. 1. 15. I2 N. 

22. superbam: a natural epi- 
thet of a woman with blue blood 
in her veins (zo&/is) and independ- 
ently rich (Zocugées); cf. 5. 35. 6 
equiti superbo, nobili, locupleti,. — 
locupletém: theclimax well marks 
the mercenary basis of Paetus's 
regard as contrasted with that of 
M.'s affection for Erotion. 

23. Quid... Paeto: M. might 
have said z/ esse nostro fortius 
potest Paeto (see on I. 10. 3). 

24. ducenties: i.e. 20,000,000 
sestertiz; see on 3. 22. I. — et ta- 
men vivit: bitterly ironical play 
on e tamen vivo, 21. Cf. 2.65.1-6 
Cur tristiorem cernimus Saleia- 
num? "An causa levis est?” inguit. 


142 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 39. 1 


Supremas tibi triciens in anno 
signanti tabulas, Charine, misi 
Hyblaeis madidas thymis placentas. 
Defeci: miserere iam, Charine: 

5 Signa rarius, aut semel fac illud 
mentitur tua quod subinde tussis. 
Excussi loculosque sacculumque : 


“Extuli uxorem". O grande fati 
crimen! o gravem casum ! illa, illa 
dives mortua est Secundilla, centena 
decies quae tibi dedit dotis? nollem 
accidisset hoc libi, Saletane. — For 
the caesura see § 52, c. 

39. M., under pretense of pok- 
ingfunathimselfasalegacy-hunter, 
satirizes the class. See r. 1o. In- 
trod. To the contemporaries of 
the poet who knew himas a chronic 
beggar and hanger-on the epigram 
must have seemed double-pointed. 
— Meter: $ 49. 

1-2. Supremas ... tabulas = 
testamentum, last will and testa- 
ment; cf. 6. 63. 3. The will was 
generally written on tablets of wax 
(tabulae; tabellae). —triciens in 
anno: hyperbolic; whenever Cha- 
rinus thinks he is about to die 
or gets out of sweet-cakes (3), he 
announces his intention to make a 
new will. — signanti = odszgnantz. 

3. Hyblaeis... placentas: 
the placenta (cf. mAakoüs) was a 
small fancy sweet-cake, the essen- 
tial elements of which were cheese 
and honey; cf. e.g. Hor. Ep. 1. 10. 
II pane egeo iam mellitis potiore 
placentis. It was an appropriate 
present for a man racked by a 
cough. See rr. 86. 1-3. These 
cakes were expensive; the region 
of Mt. Hybla in Sicily vied with 
Hymettus in producing the finest 


and most costly honey. Cf. 5. 37. 
IO N.; 9. 26. 4. The quality of the 
honey was largely due to the sup- 
ply of flowers that the bees liked, 
esp. thymum: cf. Ov. Tr. 5. 13. 22 
(prius) careat dulci Trinacris Hy- 
bla thymo; Verg. E. 7. 37, cited on 
5- 37-1. 

4. Defeci: ‘I’veno more money 
for bait in the shape of placentae’. 
Hor. Ep. 1. 4. 11 has zoz deficiente 
crumena of a purse that fails not. 

5-6. Here the main thought 
comes in the middle of the epi- 
gram, with a double couplet before 
and after. See Paukstadt 33-34. 
Cf. note on 12. 24. 11. — semel: 
i.e. ‘once for all die and show that 
yourcough is not a pretense used to 
excite in us false hopesand thereby 
bring to yourself more cakes'. —, 
mentitur: freely, ‘lyingly suggests 
(promises)'.— subinde, epeatedly; 
see I. Other rich men had learned 
Charinus’s trick; cf. 2. 40; Sen. 
Brev. Vit. 7. 7 quot (dies) illa anus 
(abstulit) efferendis heredibus lassa? 
quot ille ad inritandam avaritiam 
captantium simulatus | aeger? — 
tussis: cf; 1. I0. 4; 2. 26. 1-4. 

7. Excussi...sacculum: ‘I’ve 
rattled all the money-coffers at 
home and shaken out my purse. 
Result: not a copper for cakes is 
left!’ Zoculus sometimes denotes 
a receptacle for money (= arca), 


5. 42. 3] EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 143 


Cróeso divitior licet fuissem, 
Iro pauperior forem, Charine, 
10 si conchem totiens meam comesses. 


42 

Callidus effracta nummos fur auferet arca, 
prosternet patrios impia flamma lares : 

debitor usuram pariter sortemque negabit, 


sometimes a coffer or case having 
compartments in which anything, 
e.g. keys, rings, jewels, may be 
kept. Cf.14.12.1-2 4os(— eburneos) 
nisi de flava loculos implere moneta 
non decet: argentum vilia ligna 
ferant; Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 175 gesti 
enim nummum in loculos demit- 
fere; luv. 1. 89-90 (Zocui versus 
arca). — sacculum (dim. of saccus, 
*bag?), Purse (crumena); cf. Iuv. 14. 
138-139 zmierea pleno cum turget 
sacculus ore, crescit amor nummi, 
Catull. 13. 7-8 nam iui Catulli 
plenus sacculus est aranearum 
(‘cobwebs’). 

8. Croeso: the Lydian mon- 
arch,whose riches becamea proverb 
(cf. *as rich as Croesus"), though 
beside modern multimillionaires 
Croesus would seem poor indeed; 
cf. e.g. It. 5. 4; Tuv. 14. 328-329 
mec Croesi fortuna umquam mec 
Persica vegna sufficient animo; 
Catull. 115. 3-6; Otto s.v. Croesus. 
—licet fuissem: see on I. 70. 17. 
The secondary sequence ( fuzssezz) 
is rare, but cf. 9. 91. 3 astra licet 
propius, Palatia longius essent. 
Here the plpf. is correct, because 
M. means eZamsi Croeso divitior 
fuissem. 

9. Iro pauperior: proverbial; 
cf. ‘as pooras Lazarus’. Irus was 
a nickname given to Arnaeus, a 
poverty-stricken hanger-on at the 
court of Ulysses in Ithaca, who 
was used as a go-between by the 


suitors of Penelope; cf. e.g. 6. 77. 1 
cum sis iam pauper quam nec mise- 
rabilis Iros; Ov. Tr. 3. 7. 42 Zrus 
et est subito qui modo Croesus erat. 
— See § 33 (p. xxix, notes 2 and 3). 
zo. conchem: cf. kóyxos; a sort 
of pea-soup made by boiling lentils 
with the pods, naturally a very 
cheap food. InIuv.3.292-293 the 
footpad who holds up Umbricius 
cries insultingly «de venis?... 
cutus aceto, cutus conche tumes? 

42. ‘Riches take wings; cheat 
Fortune while you may, by giving 
to friends’. This may be more 
than a taking paradox, namely a 
polite and artful beggar’s plea. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1. effracta...arca: cf. Hor. 
Ep. 1. 17. 54 aut cistam effractam 
et subducta viatica plorat.— aufe- 
ret: the fut. ind. here has permis- 
sive force (see on 4. 57.9), det the 
thief, etc., what if the thief, etc. — 
nummos = fecuniam; see on I. 
66. 4. — arca: see on r. 76. 5. 

2. patrios, azcestra]; because 
itis the old homestead its destruc- 
tion will seem the more dreadful; 
note the juxtaposition of patrios 
and zmpia. Cf. Hor. Epod. 2. 3 
paterna rura bobus exercet suis. — 
lares: see on I. 70. z. 

3. debitor...negabit: ie. ‘the 
debtor will snap his fingers in your 
face and your investment will be 
a dead loss'. — usuram: the fee 
for the use of money (cf. z/or), 


144 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 42. 4 


non reddet sterilis semina iacta seges : 
5 dispensatorem fallax spoliabit amica, 
mercibus extructas obruet unda rates ; 
extra fortunam est quidquid donatur amicis : 
quas dederis, solas semper habebis opes. 


43 


Thais habet nigros, niveos Laecania dentes. 
Quae ratio est? emptos haec babet, illa suos. 


47 


Nunquam se cenasse domi Philo iurat, et hoc est: 


interest. Faenus, ‘interest’, is from 
the root which gives femza, and so 
is prop. ‘breed of (barren) metal’. 
— sortem, principal. 

4. non reddet... seges: the 
crop may utterly fail, not even 
paying fortheseedsown. Cf.Tib. 

. 3. 61-62 at tibi dura Ceres . 
delude nulla semina certa fide. 

5. dispensatorem ... amica: 
the house steward may fall into 
the toils of a crafty sweetheart 
(amica generally = meretrix), who 
will fleece him well not only out 
of his own savings ( fecuZius) but 
out of his master's money too, to 
which, as confidential treasurer 
and accountant, he has access; cf. 
Priap. 68. 13 Aaec eadem socium 
tenera spoliavit amica. 

6. mercibus... rates: cf. 
Hor. C. 3. 29. 60-61 ze Cypriae Ty- 
riaeque merces addant avaro divi- 
"as mari. — unda: note the sing.; 
M. writes as if one great billow is 
to bury the ship. Cf. Ov. Tr. 1. 2. 
34 dumque loquor, vultus. obrui 
unda meos; Her. 7.78 zenibus erep- 
tos obruet unda deos? M. may have 
consciously or unconsciously repro- 
duced Ovid; see Zingerle 14. 


7. extra fortunam est: i.e. out 
of Fortune's reach. 

8. solas...opes: cf. Plaut. Mi. 
673-674 nam in mala uxore atque 
inimico si quid sumas (‘spend’), 
sumptus est: in bono hospite atque 
amico quaestus est quod sumitur. 

43. Meter: § 48. 

2. ratio, explanation. — emp- 
tos: cf. 1. 72. 3-4 N.; 9. 37. 3 "tec 
dentes alter quam Serica nocte 
reponas (i.e. lay aside when going 
to bed). 

47. Onaman who, while lying, 
told the truth. 2. 11isona similar | 
theme. — Meter: § 48. 

1. se...iurat: Philo, as if 
doubtful of his reputation for ve- 
racity, thinks it best to back his 
word by an oath. — cenasse: note 
the tense. Philo is taking oath to 
past events; hence the pf. is en- 
tirely correct. Cf. 8. 44. 12; 10. 
39. 1; 11. 62.1. The const. with 
pres. inf. (6. 12. 1) is quite similar. 
In all these cases zurare = cum 
ture turando adfirmare. The com- 
mon const. of zzro, ‘promise with 
an oath’, with fut. inf., is very dif- 
ferent. — hoc est: i.e. ‘it is true’, 
‘it is as he says’. 


5. 49. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


145 


non cenat, quotiens nemo vocavit eum. 


Vidissem modo forte cum sedentem 
solum te, Labiene, tres putavi ; 
calvae me numerus tuae fefellit : 
sunt illinc tibi, sunt et hinc capilli, 
s quales vel puerum decere possunt ; 
nudumst in medio caput nec ullus 
in longa pilus area notatur. 
Hic error tibi profuit Decembri, 


. 


tunc cum prandia misit Imperator : 


10 cum panariolis tribus redisti. 


2. non cenat: when he is not 
invited out, he goes without dinner. 

49. M. satirizes the greediness 
of Labienus. Though Labienus's 
head was wholly bald on top, it 
had an abundance of curly hair on 
the sides. Hence, as seen from 
the rear, he presented the appear- 
ance of three men in a row, a 
calvus between two cagz//ati, a bald- 
headed man with a shorter curly- 
headed man on each side. M. is 
of course speaking hyperbolically; 
yet at night (see on 8) the illusion 
would be not impossible. Cf. 10. 
83. Since Book V was addressed 
to the emperor (see 5. 1), who was 
himself bald and doubtless shared 
the Roman sensitiveness on the 
subject of baldness (see on 1. 72. 8), 
M. here and elsewhere seems to 
approach very near to the danger- 
line. — Meter: § 49. 

a. sedentem: perhaps in the 
Amphitheatrum Flavium. 

3. calvae... fefellit: ‘I made 
a mistake concerning the number 
of heads your bald head numbered’. 
For ca/va as noun cf. 10. 83. 2. 


5. vel, evez; a common use, 
especially with adjectives. 

6-7. nudumst... notatur: cf. 
10. 83. 2-3; Petr. 109 guod solum 
formae decus est, cecidere capilli, 
vernantesque comas tristis abegit 
hiemps. Nunc umbra nudata sua 
am tempora (temples of the head) 
maerentareaque attritis videt adulta 
giis. 

8. Decembri: ie. at*the time 
of the Saturnalia, apparently in 88, 
wben Domitian supplied refresh- 
ments to the whole people in the 
amphitheater by night; see Stat. 
Silv. 1. 6. 

19. panariolis: baskets for 
bread, etc. The dim. suggests some- 
thing fancy and delicate. Cf. Stat. 
Silv. 1. 6. 31-34 Ai panaria candi- 
dasque mappas subvectant epulasque 
Jautiores; ili marcida vina largiun- 
tur: [daeos totidem putes ministros 
(i.e. the cupbearers were all rivals 
of Ganymedes in grace).— redisti: 
the contents of the paxariola or 
sportellae might be eaten at once 
ortakenaway. Labienus evidently 
took his home. 


146 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


(5+ 49. 11 


Talem Geryonem fuisse credo. 
Vites censeo porticum Philippi : 
si te viderit Hercules, peristi. 


53 


Colchida quid scribis, quid scribis, amice, Thyesten ? 
quo tibi vel Nioben, Basse, vel Andromachen ? 
materia est, mihi crede, tuis aptissima chartis 


ir. Talem...credo: ‘I believe 
Geryon must have looked like you’. 
One of the Labors of Hercules 
was to steal the cattle of Geryon 
(Geryones), afabulous triple-bodied 
giant who lived on an island (Ery- 
thia) of the western sea, and to kill 
the monster himself. See § 33. 

12. Vites censeo: M. is fond of 
using verbs signifying command, 
urge, ask, etc. with the simple 
subjv. (ie. with subjv. without zZor 
ne). The subjv. in such cases is 
paratactic; cf. mozeo + paratactic 
imv., 4. 30. I-2 N. See also on 2. 
14.18; 3. 25. 3. — porticum Phi- 
lippi: this portico lay in the south- 
ern part of the Campus Martius, just 
northwest of the Porticus Octaviae; 
it seems to have been erected 
around a temple of Hercules Mu- 
sarum rebuilt by L. Marcius Phi- 
lippus; see Platner 355. 

I3. Si... peristi: the temple 
and the porticus contained various 
representations of Hercules in 
marble and in relief. — peristi, 
you are a dead man! The thought 
is: ‘If Hercules catches sight of 
you, he will take you for Geryon 
returned and will slay you forth- 
with’. JPeristi is thus used fre- 
quently in comedy; the use comes, 
perhaps, from the sermo plebeius. 
Yet the pf. is thus employed at 
times most effectively in dignified 
style; cf.e.g. Hannibalto his troops, 


Liv. 21. 43. 2 sz... eundem (ani- 
mum) mox .. . habueritis, vicimus, 
milites. So again Liv. 21. 44. 9. 

53. M. advises a man who is 
determined to write on tragic or 
epic themes to take subjects meet 
forhisfinished work, e.g. Deucalion 
or Phaethon. Since these names 
typify destruction by water and 
fire respectively, M. is hinting that 
Bassus's poetry deserves to per- 
ish by water or by fire. — Meter: 
$48. z 
1. Colchida: prop. ‘a (the) 
Colchian woman' (Medea); here a 
tragedy in which Medea is heroine. 
— Thyesten: see on 3. 45. 1. 

2. quotibi... Andromachen? 
a curious idiom, in which the dat. 
seems to be a dat. of interest, 
and the acc. to be exclamatory; 
see A. 397, d, N. 2; GL. 343, 1; 
L.1150. Cf. Hor. Ep. 1. 5. 12 quo 
mihi fortunam, si nom conceditur 
uti?— quo = to what end; lit. 
‘whither’. Render, ‘Of what use 
to you is’, etc. — Nioben: because 
Niobe, daughter of Tantalus and 
sister of Pelops, being mother of 
six boys and six girls, dared to 
disparage Leto (Latona), who had 
borne to Zeus only Apollo and 
Artemis, her children were slain by 
Apollo and Artemis and she herself 
was metamorphosed into stone. — 
Andromachen: wife of Hector, 
the son of Priam. 


5. 56. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


147. 


Deucalion vel, si non placet hic, Phaethon. 


56 


Cui tradas, Lupe, filium magistro 
quaeris sollicitus diu rogasque. 
Omnes grammaticosque rhetorasque 
devites moneo : nihil sit illi 
5 cum libris Ciceronis aut Maronis ; 
famae Tutilium suae relinquat ; 
si versus facit, abdices poetam. 
Artes discere vult pecuniosas ? 
fac discat citharoedus aut choraules ; 
ro Si duri puer ingeni videtur, 
praeconem facias vel architectum. 


4. Deucalion with his wife 
Pyrrha were believed to have been 
sole survivors of the great world- 
flood; see e.g. Ov. M. 1. 253 ff. — 
Phaethon: see on 4. 32. I. 

56. M.seeks to dissuade Lupus 
(see 10.48.6)from educating his son 
for a literary career. The profits 
of a career, he urges, are in inverse 
proportion to its respectability. Cf. 
1.76; 6.8, with notes.— Meter: § 49. 

3. grammaticos ... rhetoras: 
see on 2. 7. 1, 4. On the unpro- 
ductiveness of such careers see 
Iuv. 7. 215 ff., 150 ff.; Fried. SG. 
I. 322 ff. — rhetoras: this Greek 
form of the acc. is somewhat rare. 

4-5. devites moneo: note 
parataxis here and in fac discat, 9; 
see on vzfes censeo, 5. 49. 12. — 
nihil... Maronis: ie. let him 
not devote himself to oratory or 
to poetry. Cicero held a place in 
the training of the zZeor similar 
to that held by Vergil in the school 
of the grammaticus. 

6. Tutilium: a rhetorician, 
apparently a contemporary and 


kinsman of Quintilian; cf. Quint. 
3. 1. 21; Plin. Ep. 6. 32. 1. — suae 
refers to Tutilius, not to the gram- 
matical subject; see A. 300, 2, N.; 
GL. 309, 2; L. 2337. The vs. = 
suam Tutilius famam habeat. 

7. abdices: i.e. disinherit him; 
use every means to steer him into 
some other channel.— poetam: 
M. comically affects to think of a 
poet (!) as one beyond redemption. 

8. This vs., whether interroga- 
tive or declarative, is the protasis 
to 9; see on I. 70. 3; L 79. 2) 1. 
107. 3; etc. 

9. fac... citharoedus in sense 
= fiat citharoedus; see on devites 
moneo, 4.—citharoedus: see 3. 
4.8N. Note the nom.; we may 
supply esse, or take the nom. as in 
the predicate, ‘make him learn as 
citharoedus’, etc.—choraules: a 
flute-player (¢bicen) who accom- 
panied a choral dance. 

10. duri...ingeni: we should 
say ‘thick-headed’. s 

II. praeconem: see I. 85. 
Introd.; cf. 6. 8. 


.148 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 58. 1 


58 


Cras te victurum, cras dicis, Postume, semper. 
Dic mihi, cras istud, Postume, quando venit ? 

quam longest cras istud ? ubi est ? aut unde petendum ? 
numquid apud Parthos Armeniosque latet ? 

s jam cras istud habet Priami vel Nestoris annos. 

Cras istud quanti dic mihi posset emi? 

Cras vives? hodie iam vivere, Postume, tardum est : 
ille sapit, quisquis, Postume, vixit heri. 


Sextantes, Calliste, duos infunde Falerni, 
tu super aestivas, Alcime, solve nives, 


58. The point in this epigram 
is made by the unexpected con- 
trast of keri and eras. Cf. 1.15, 
with notes; Pers. 5. 67-70 sed cum 
lux altera venit, iam cras hester- 
num consumpsimaus: ecce aliud cras 
egerit hos annos et semper paulum 
erit ultra. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Postume: a modern reader 
thinks of Hor. C. 2. 14. 1 ff. EAeu 
fugaces, Postume, Postume, labun- 
tur anni, etc. Prob. M. did, too, 

3-4. longest = Jonge est; M. is 
fond of using /omge with sum. Par- 
thia and Armenia stand here for 
the uttermost ends of the earth. 

5. iam...annos: cf. z. 64. 1-3 
dum ... non decernis, Laure, quid 
esse velis, Peleos et Priami transit 
(= transit) et Nestoris aetas; 6.70. 
12-14. 

7. hodie...tardum est: cf. 
I.15.11—12; 8. 44.1—2 Titulle, moneo, 
vive: semper hoc serum est; sub 
paedagogo coeperis licet, serum est. 
See App. 

64. ‘Since death spares not 
emperors, it behooves us com- 


moner folk too to remember that 
we must die’ Cf. 5. 58. — Meter: 


§ 48. 
I. Sextantes: see I. 27. 2 N. — 


Calliste: Callistus and Alcimus 
are slaves. 
2. tu... nives: for the dilu- 


tion of wine see on guincunce, 2. 
1. 9. The wine was generally 
poured into the crater through a 
colum or saccus filled with ice or 
snow. Cf. 9.22.8; 12. 17. 6; 14., 
103 (on a colum nivarium) Setinos, 
moneo, nostra nive frange trientes; 
Sen. Ep. 78. 23 o infelicem aegrum! 
Quare? quia non vino nivem diluit, 
quia non rigorem potionis suae, 
quam capaci scypho miscuit, renovat 
fracta insuper glacie. Cf. Petr. 31 
discubuimus pueris Alexandrinis 
aquam im manus nivatam infun- 
dentibus for still greater luxury. 
— super: adv. — aestivas: ie. 
snow kept till summer. The adj. 
marks the time of the year. — 
solve = dissolve; see note on 
fine I. 4. 2. — Alcime: see 1. 
88. 


5. 66. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


149 


pinguescat nimio madidus mihi crinis amomo 
lassenturque rosis tempora sutilibus : 


5 


tam vicina iubent nos vivere Mausolea, 


cum doceant ipsos posse perire deos. 


66 


Saepe salutatus nunquam prior ipse salutas : 
sic eris aeternum, Pontiliane, vale. 


3. pinguescat... amomo: 
ie. ‘let my hair drip richly with 
pomade'. This pomade is to be 
redolent with amomum (&uwpor), 
an eastern spice-plant from the 
leaves of which a fragrant perfume 
was made. Cf. Stat. Silv. r. 2. 
III-II2 zec pingui crinem deducere 
amomo cessavit mea, nate, manus. 

4. lassentur: hyperbole; ‘make 
my temples ache with’, etc., ie. 
supply roses without stint. See 
5. 37. 9 N. Chaplets artificially 
constructed of separate rose-leaves 
sewed on strips of the inner bark 
of the linden ( 22Z/yza) were much 
in fashion; cf. e.g. 9. 90. 6 frontem 
sutilibus ruber coronis; Hor. C. 1x. 
38. z displicent nexae philyra coro- 
nae; Beck. 3. 443 ff. 

5. tam: with vicina. — Mau- 
solea: see Lib. Spect. 1. Introd., 
5-6N. Here the reference is prob. 
to the Mausoleum Augusti, built by 
Augustus in 27 B.C. at the northern 
end of the Campus Martius where 
the Via Flaminia approached the 
Tiber. It served as.an imperial 
sepulcher until Hadrian erected 
the Mausoleum Hadriani across 
the Tiber. See Platner 363-364. 
— For the pl. see on 1. 70. 5. 

6. deos: i.e. emperors and gran- 
dees; cf. Hor. S. 2. 6. 51-53 quz 
cumque obvius est me consulit: O 
bone (nam te scire, deos quoniam 
propius contingis, oportet), num- 
quid de Dacis audisti? 


66. M. declares that, since Pon- 
tilianus never honors him with a 
salve or ave, he shall be as good as 
dead to him hereafter. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. Salutatus: by salve or ave. 
—salutas: cf. 3. 95. 1 nunquam 
dicis “Have” sed reddis, Naevole, 
semper. 

2. sic, under these circum- 
stances; virtually therefore. — 
aeternum vale: a formula used in. 
addressing the dead.  Aeternum 
goes with va/e, éither as adv. = zx 
aeternum, or as acc. of the thing 
effected (inner object). Aeternum 
valetogether count as an adjectival 
or participial phrase, pred. nom. to 
eris, such as zz aeternum salutatus, 
— mortuus. Cf. Stat. Silv. 3. 3. 
208-209 salve supremum, senior 
mitissime patrum, sufpremumque 
vale; Verg. A. 11. 97-98 salve 
aeternum miht, maxime Palla, 
aeternumque vale. 

O0. Acondemnation of Marcus 
Antonius for the murder of Cicero. 
In the proscriptions that followed 
the formation of the so-called 
Second Triumvirate, Cicero was 
slain to satisfy the hatred of Anto- 
nius. This hatred dated from the 
execution, in 63 B.C., of Lentulus, 
the Catilinarian conspirator, who 
had married Iulia, the mother of 
Antonius ; the feeling was intensi- 
fied by Cicero's Philippic Orations. 
— Meter: § 48. 


150 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5- 69. 1 


69 


Antoni, Phario nil obiecture Pothino 
et levius tabula quam Cicerone nocens, 

quid gladium demens Romana stringis in ora ? 
.hoc admisisset nec Catilina nefas. 

s Impius infando miles corrumpitur auro 

et tantis opibus vox tacet una tibi. 

Quid prosunt sacrae pretiosa silentia linguae ? 
incipient omnes pro Cicerone loqui. 


1. Phario = Aegyptio; Pharos 
was an island near Alexandria 
upon which Ptolemy Philadelphus 
erected a great lighthouse. Cf. 4. 
II. 4 Phariae coniugis (= Cleo- 
patra) arma. — nil obiecture: be- 
cause Antony’s crime was worse 
even than Pothinus’s (see next 
note).— Pothino: a eunuch, 
regent in place of the young king of 
Egypt, Ptolemy Dionysus, brother 
of Cleopatra. Aided by Achillas, 
commander of the Egyptian troops, 
and Theodotus, a Greek sophist, 
he brought about the assassination 
of Pompey theGreat. After his de- 
feat at Pharsalus in 48 B.c. Pompey 
set out for Egypt, hoping to find 
refuge there with the young king, 
but just as he stepped ashore near 
Alexandria he was murdered. 

2. levius: adv., modifying zo- 
cens, ‘less deeply guilty".— tabula: 
sc. proscriptorum, the proscription 
list; cf. Iuv. 2. 28 tabulam Sullae. 
— Cicerone: ie. the murder of 
Cicero. For the abl. see on ¢em- 
plo, Lib. Spect. 1. 3. M. means 
that Antony outraged the feelings 
of the world more by the murder 
of Cicero than by the death of all 
the rest of the proscribed. 

3. demens Romana: juxta- 
position of effect and cause. ‘Bar- 
barians murdered Pompey; you 


slew a Roman'. — Romana... 
ora: M. writes as if all Roman 
eloquence had been silenced by the 
death of its chief representative 
(ora = 1s); cf. Val. Max. 5. 3. 4 ac 
protinus caput Romanae eloquentiae 
et pacis clarissimam dexteram per 
summum et securum otium ampu- 
zavit.— On the metrical value of 
the final a in Romana see on digna, 
2. 66.8; L. Müller, De Re Metrica, 
390. 

4. nec = zie... quidem; see on 
I. 109. 20. — nefas: the murder of 
Cicero is classed with crimes 
against the gods; cf. zmpzus and 
infando, 5. Note the juxtaposition 
in impius infando, and cf. sacrae, 7, 
with note. 

5. Impius... miles: C. Popil- 
lius Laenas, a ¢ribunus militum, 
who had once been defended by 
Cicero on a capital charge. 

6. et... tibi: ‘and in return for 
outlay prodigious a single tongue 
was silenced, to please you (alone)’. 
Laenas received 1,000,000 sestertiz. 
—tantis = fantis guantas pepen- 
disti. Tantus, talis, tot,etc., are often 
used of size, quality, number, etc., 
with which every one is familiar; 
so we use ‘such’ and ‘so’ with 
adjectives like ‘great’, ‘many’, etc. 
when we might say simply ‘great’, 
‘fine’, ‘many’, etc. 


5. 74- 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


ISI 


74 


Pompeios iuvenes Asia atque Europa, sed ipsum 
terra tegit Libyes, si tamen ulla tegit. 

Quid mirum toto si spargitur orbe? iacere 
uno non poterat tanta ruina loco. 


7. sacrae: M. speaks as if 
Cicero had been deified or listed 
among the heroes of earth. Cf. 
3. 66. 2. — pretiosa: the silentia 
Cost 1,000,000 seszez?i, yet earned 
for Antony only general execration. 

8. pro Cicerone: and so 
against Antony! Cicero cannot 
defend himself, but all the world is 
his champion. Hence Antony will 
forever hear countless tongues, 
not merely uza ... vox (6) Pro 
might also be taken, less effect- 
ively, as = zz place of. 

74. The extinction of the Pom- 
peii, father and sons, under circum- 
stances most tragic, could hardly 
fail to make a deep impression, 
even in an age hardened by the 
horrors of repeated proscriptions. 
For the death of Pompeius Magnus 
himself see on 5. 69. 1. His sons 
fought against Caesar at Munda 
in Spain in 45 B.c., but were de- 
feated there; Cnaeus was captured 
thereandputtodeath. Sextus, the 
younger son, maintained a powerful 
naval force for several years, but 
was finally caught by the soldiers 
of Antonius near Miletus in Asia 
and killed, 35 B.c. — Meter: § 48. 

I. ipsum: ie. Cn. Pompeius 
Magnus, the father. 

2. Libyes: cf. Cydeles, 1. 70. 
ION.—si...tegit: for the lan- 
guage, which apparently implies a 
doubt whether Pompey was really 
buried, cf. P. Terentius Varro Ata- 
cinus (in Anthol. Lat. 414) marmo- 
reo Licinus tumulo iacet, at Cato 
parvo, Pompeius nullo; Luc. 1.685. 


In describing Priam’s end in A. 2. 
557-558 Vergil perhaps had such 
a view of Pompey’s fate in mind. 
Yet such language may merely 
mean that Pompey was not fortu- 
nate enough to receive full, formal 
burial; cf. Luc. 10. 380-381 temu- 
dumque e pulvere parvoadspice, Pom- 
peli non omnia membra tegentem. 
In point of fact Pompey’s head was 
cut off and his body was thrown out 
ontheshore; a freedman buriedhis 
remains. With 1-2 cf. Sen. in an 
epigram (see Báhr. P. L. M. XLIII. 
Io = Anthol. Lat. 400) Magne, pre- 
mis Libyam, fortes tua pignera nati « 
Europam atque Asiam. 

3. toto. . . orbe: cf. Petr. 120 
tres tulerat. Fortuna duces, quos 
obruit omnes armorum strue di- 
versa feralis Enyo. Crassum Par- 
thus habet, Libyco iacet aequore 
Magnus, Julius ingratam. perfudit 
sanguine Romam, et quasi non pos- 
set tot tellus ferre (i.e. bear in one 
place) sepulcra, divisit cineres. — 
spargitur: as subject supply Pom- 
pei domus, or, what amounts to the 
same thing, Zaz£a ruzna (out of 4). 
— jacere: used here, as often, 
with the suggestion of ‘lying in 
death'; cf. the epigram cited on 4. 

4. tanta ruina: cf. note on 5, 
and an epigram ascribed to Sen. 
(Anthol. Lat. 456 = Bahr. P. L. M. 
XLIII. 66) diversis iuvenes Asia 
atque. Europa sepulcris distinet; 
infida, Magne, iaces Libya. Dis- 
tribuit magnos mundo Fortuna se- 
pultos, ne sine Pompeio terra sit 
ulla suo. 


152 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[5. 76. 1 


Profecit poto Mithridates saepe veneno, 
toxica ne possent saeva nocere sibi : 

tu quoque cavisti cenando tam male semper 
ne posses unquam, Cinna, perire fame. 


Semper pauper eris, si pauper es, Aemiliane: 
dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus. 


76. ‘Hunger can have no more 
effect on Cinna than poison had 
on Mithridates the Great, king 
of Pontus, who, when reduced to 
extremities, failed in the attempt 
to poison himself, because he had 
so thoroughly accustomed himself 
to antidotes that the poison would 
not work'. See Plin. N. H. 25. 5. 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1-2. Profecit... ne: M. has 
chosen to use a purpose clause in- 
stead of the clause of result which 


is the usual construction with /aczo 
and its compounds; numerous par- 
allels to M.'s construction may, 
however, be found, even in good 
prose. 

3. semper outdoes saefe, 1; 
Cinna's preparation was more thor- 
ough even than that of Mithridates. 

4. Cinna: cf. 8. 19. 1 pauper 
videri Cinna vult: et est pauper. 

81. Cf. 1. 103. 3; Matthew 
13. 12; Iuv. 3. 208-222. — Meter: 
$ 48. 


LIBER VI 


8 


Praetores duo, quattuor tribuni, 
septem causidici, decem poetae 
cuiusdam modo nuptias petebant 
a quodam sene; non moratus ille 


praeconi dedit Eulogo puellam. 


Dic, numquid fatue, Severe, fecit ? 


II 


Quod non sit Pylades hoc tempore, non sit Orestes 


8. M. writes ostensibly on 
choosing a son-in-law with an eye 
to business (cf. Iuv. 3. 160-161 guzs 
gener hic placuit censu minor atque 
puellae. sarcinulis impar?), but 
really on the meager returns from 
certain respectable professions, 
especially literature. Cf. 5.56, with 
notes. — Meter: $ 49. 

I-2. praetores: see App.— 
duo...quattuor...septem... 
decem: the numerical climax is 
suggestive. Fried. notes that the 
number of 'suitors increases in in- 
verse proportion to the probable 
income that men of the given class 
may hope for.— tribuni: see 5. 
13.1 N. — causidici: see 1.98.2 N.; 
4. 8.2. 

3. cuiusdam: sc. puellae; cf. 
nuptias Maronillae, 1. 10. 1 N. 

5. praeconi: cf. 5. 56. 11 N. 
The sezex (4) was sure that any 
and every Praeco had wealth; he 
could not be sure of finding even 


153 


one wealthy man among a host 
of representatives of the so-called 
respectable professions. — Eu- 
logo: a name specially coined 
(cf. eb + Aéyos) as appropriate for 
an auctioneer who must at least 
not underestimate what he sells 
(see § 38 fin.). 

6. numquid .. . fecit: note 
that M. has treated this question 
as independent of dic. This usage, 
easy and natural after an imv. (we 
may print dic: numguid... fecit ?), 
is common in comedy. — fatue... 
fecit: ironical. How far Severus 
is to be identified with others of like 
name in M. is uncertain, though 
Silius Severus, son of Silius Itali- 
cus ,the poet, may be meant here. 
See Spiegel II 27; Fried. on 2. 6. 3. 

II. ‘Realfriendship is based on 
mutual respect. Old-time friend- 
ship cannot be expected unless 
there is areturn to old-time equality 
of relations’. Cf. 1.43; 2. 43; 3. 60. 


154 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 11.2 


miraris? Pylades, Marce, bibebat idem, 
nec melior panis turdusve dabatur Orestae, 
sed par atque eadem cena duobus erat. 
5 Tu Lucrina voras, me pascit aquosa peloris : 
non minus ingenua est et mihi, Marce, gula. 
Te Cadmea Tyros, me pinguis Gallia vestit : 
vis te purpureum, Marce, sagatus amem ? 
ut praestem Pyladen, aliquis mihi praestet Oresten. 
10 Hoc non fit verbis, Marce: ut ameris, ama. 


The friendship of Orestes, son of 
Agamemnon, and Pylades was pro- 
verbial; see Otto 258. Orestesand 
Pylades were cousins.— Meter: $ 48. 

2. idem:i.e.that Orestes drank. 
C£. notes on 1. 20; 3. 60. 

5. Lücrina: see 3. 60. 3 N.— 
aquosa peloris: the giant mussel, 
prob. coarse and insipid. 

6. non minus: sc. guame tzbi. — 
ingenua, genteel, delicate; such as 
properly belongs to one high-born. 
Cf. 10. 47. 6; 12. 3. 6. — et = etiam, 
also, a meaning found in Plautus 
and Terence, in the Augustan 
poets, and in post-Augustan Latin. 

7. Cadmea Tyros: Cadmus 
was commonly supposed to have 
been a Phoenician. Here Tyrian 
purple is meant. Cf. Prop. 3.13.7 
et Tyros ostrinos (= purpureos) 
praebet Cadmea colores. — pinguis 
Gallia: ie. Gallia Cisalpina; see 
on 2. 43. 41 5. 13. 8. Pinguis = 
thick, coarse, or, perhaps, greasy. 
For the latter sense we may com- 
pare luv. 9. 28-30 pingues aliquando 
lacernas, munimenta togae, duri 
crassique coloris et male percussas 
textoris Decline Galli accipimus. 
Pinguis is a transferred epithet; it 
describes Gallia in terms better 
fitted to describe the products of 
that district. 


8. purpureum: ie. when 


clothed in Tyrian purple. — saga- 
tus, clad in a sagum ; see 1. 3. 8 N. 
The sagum is not fit garb for a 
gentleman in town. 

9. ut... Oresten: ‘if I am 
expected to be a Pylades, I must 
have my Orestes’. — praestem = 
reddam, praebeam. It is not neces- 
sary to supply me with praestem or 
se with praestet. 

10. ut... ama: proverbial; cf. 
Ov. A. A. 2. 107 ut ameris, amabilis 
esto; Sen. Ep. 9. 6 Hecaton ait: 
“ego tibi monstrabo amatorium sine 
medicamento, sine herba, sine ullius 
veneficae carmine: si vis amari, 
ama”; German Liebe erwirbt Liebe, 
and Liebe wird durch Liebe erkauft. 
See Otto s.v. Amare, 2. 

I7. Cinnamus, the freedman, 
is anxious to remove all reminders 
of his servile condition; hence he 
seeks to change his name, for a 
freedman's very name, was calcu- 
lated to betray his old condition 
almost as effectually as would the 
mark of a brandingiron. Cf. 6. 
64. 26 stigmata nec vafra delebit 
Cinnamus arte; z. 29. 9-10 N. In 
the case of the cognomen, which 
directly represented the old slave 
name, the change was compara- 
tively easy and increasingly com- 
mon. SeeCannegieter25ff.; Fried. 
SG. 1. 200. — Meter: § 49. 


6. 28. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


17 
Cinnam, Cinname, te iubes vocari. 
Non est hic, rogo, Cinna, barbarismus ? 
Tu si Furius ante dictus esses, 
Fur ista ratione dicereris. 


28 
Libertus Melioris ille notus, 
tota qui cecidit dolente Roma, 
cari deliciae breves patroni, 
hoc sub marmore Glaucias humatus 


155 


s iuncto Flaminiae iacet sepulcro, 
castus moribus, integer pudore, 


1. Cinname: for fanciful slave 
names see on 5. 24. I. If this man 
is the Cinnamus qz tonsor fueras 
tota notissimus urbe et post hoc domi- 
nae munere factus eques (7. 64. 1-2), 
he is prob. to be identified with the 
upstart barber in Iuv. 1. 24; 10. 225. 
See Mayor on luv. I. 24. 

3. For the dizresis see § 49, d. 

4. Fur: a fine pun. Fur was 
branded on the forehead of a slave 
given to pilfering (see 2.29. 9- 10 N.); 
hence fur is a common term of 
abuse in comedy. 77z/ur also oc- 
Curs, once, in Plautus. — ista rati- 
one, oz that principle, by that plan, 
ie. by changing names in this 
way. 

28. An epitaph-epigram (§ 26) 
on Glaucias, a freedman of Atedius 
Melior (see 2. 69. 7 N.). Cf. 6. 29. 
On this Glaucias Statius wrote a 
long poem (234 vss.): see Silv. 2. 1. 

2. tota... Roma: cf. Stat. 
Silv. 2. 1. 175-178 plebs cuncta nefas 
et praevia ferunt agmina, Flaminio 
quae limite Mulvius agger trans- 
vehit, immeritus flammis dum tri- 
stibus infans traditur. 


3. deliciae, fet; cf. 1. 109. 5 N.; 
Stat. Silv. 2. 1. 70-75 £u domino 
requies portusque senectae, tu modo 
deliciae, dulces modo pectore curae, 
etc. — breves: the boy, like the 
rose, was short-lived; cf. 1.43. 6N.; 
Hor. C. 2. 14. 22-25 neque harum, 
quas colis, arborum te praeter. in- 
visas cupressos ulla brevem. domi- 
21 sequetur. 

4. humatus = sepultus. 

5. iuncto Flaminiae (viae): 
see I. 88; 11. 13; Iuv. 1. 170-171 
illos, quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis 
atque Latina. On the road itself 
see 3. 14. 4 N.; 4. 64. 18. The dat. 
is common in poetry with zuzgere, 
miscere, and verbs of like meaning. 
— iuncto in sense = Zroximo; the 
tombs generally lay very close to 
the vzae. : 

6. castus... pudore: the boy 
was good, quick-witted, and hand- 
some; cf. (on the same boy) 6. 29. 
5-6 moribus hoc (his freedom) for- 
maeque datum: quis blandior illo? 
Stat. Silv. 2. 1. 39-43 Anc me forma 
vapit, rapit inde modestia praecox et 
pudor et tenero. probitas maturior 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 28. 7 


velox ingenio, decore felix. 

Bis senis modo messibus peractis 

vix unum puer adplicabat annum. 
10 Qui fles talia, nil fleas, viator. 


Septem clepsydras magna tibi voce petenti 
arbiter invitus, Caeciliane, dedit. 

At tu, multa diu dicis vitreisque tepentem 
ampullis potas semisupinus aquam. 


aevo. O uli (est) purpureo suffusus 
sanguine candor... et castigatae 
collecta modestia frontis? 

7. For the chiasmus cf. 1. 4. 8; 
6. 8. 1; 10. 47. 6, 8. 

8-9. Bis... annum: ie.the 
child was not yet thirteen years old. 
Cf. Stat. Silv. 2. 1. 124-125 Hercu- 
deos annis aequare labores coeperat 
adsurgens sedadhuc infantia mixta. 

8. messibus: cf. 6.70.1. For 
the dat. with adplicabat = addebat, 
see on the dat. with zuzcto, 5. 

10. Qui... viator: for like mor- 
tuary invocations to the passer-by 
see 10. 61. 5-6; 7. 96. 6; C.LL. 
passim. — fles is here trans., weep 
over; this use appears but once in 
Cicero, but is common everywhere 
in poetryandin post-Augustan prose. 

35- On a tedious lawyer, who 
drank much water while pleading 
in court. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Septem clepsydras: as in 
modern courts of justice, the time 
allowed to pleaders at the bar was 
limited. At Athens, and later at 
Rome, the time was measured by 
the clepsydra (kAe~vipa), a kind of 
horologium, consisting of a vessel 
so arranged that water escaped 
from it slowly through one or more 
apertures in the bottom (cf. the 
modern hour-glass). Cf. 8. 7. 1-4; 
Plin. Ep. 2. 11. 14 2zxi horis paene 


quinque, nam duodecim. clepsydris 
quas spatiosissimas acceperam sunt 
additae quattuor; Marq. 792; 798. 
— magna ...voce petenti: Cae- 
cilianus seems to have overawed 
the judge by his arrogant manner. 

2. arbiter: prob. here used for 
any zudex, though sometimes the 
arbiter was a sort of referee in a 
civil suit appointed by a praetor. 

3-4. At tu, etc.: *but then you 
are a lengthy, aye, and a thirsty 
speaker'. — multa diu: Caecili- 
anus has many heads to his speech 
and dwells long on each. — tepen- 
tem...aquam: as the waterflasks 
would prob. be filled with fresh 
water before the speaker began, 
the mention of the warm water calls 
attention anew to the length of the 
plea. — ampullis: long-necked 
vessels used for water, oil, or wine; 
see 14. 110; Marq. 649, Fig. 15. — 
potas: Caecilianus's energy and 
lengthy pleading have made him 
thirsty and have irritated his throat 
(cf. 5). To drink during a speech 
was bad form; cf. Quint. 11. 3. 136 
bibere aut etiam esse (eat) inter agen- 
dum, quod multis moris fuit et est 
quibusdam, ab oratore meo procul 
absit. — semisupinus: to drink 
from an ampulla, esp. if the con- 
tents were low, one must throw his 
head well back. 


6. 51. 1] 


5 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


157 


Ut tandem saties vocemque sitimque, rogamus, 


iam de clepsydra, Caeciliane, bibas. 


41 


Qui recitat lana fauces et colla revinctus, 
hic se posse loqui, posse tacere negat. 


48 


Quod tam grande sophos clamat tibi turba togata, 
non tu, Pomponi, cena diserta tua est. 


51 


Quod convivaris sine me tam saepe, Luperce, 


5-6. saties vocem: the water 
may temporarily afford relief to 
Caecilianus’s throat, but to stop 
speaking altogether will be the 
surest way. By drinking up his 
time(at Athens véwp, which = agua, 
came actually to denote the time 
represented by the outflow of the 
water in the clepsydra), he can kill 
two birds with one stone. — roga- 
mus... bibas: for the parataxis 
see on 3. 25. 3; 5. 49. 12. 

41. On the recitations in gen- 
eral see I. 3. 5; I. 76. 13; 3. 50. 2. 
With this epigram cf. 3. 18; 4. 41, 
with notes. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. lana... revinctus: the man 
seems to have worn a neck-cloth 
(focale) to protect his throat. See 
3. 18, with notes. — fauces ...re- 
vinctus: for the acc. with the pf. 
pass. ptc. cf. the poets passim. 

2. se posse loqui... negat: 
Le. because of the bad condition of 
his throat. — posse tacere negat: 
because of his passion forspeaking. 

48. ‘Any recitator will be 
praised if he is known to give good 
dinners’. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Quod: see on 2. 1r. 1.— 
grande sophos seems to be an 


echo of the sham applause only 
too common at the recitations; 
cf. I. 3.7 N. Pomponius evidently 


: wished to be accounted a littéra- 


teur.— turba: such applauders 
were dubbed /azdzceni or codokMets ; 
see 2. I1. Introd.; 1. 20. 1. The 
audience at the recitation wore the 
conventionaltoga. Note the triple 
alliteration. 

2. cena refers either to the 
hoped-for cena popularis (1. 20; 
I. 43) or to the sportula (3. 7, with 
notes). Cf. Petr. 10 muito me tur- 
pior es tu hercule, qui, ut foris 
cenares, poetam. laudasti. On the 
insincerity of the hearers see Sen. 
Ep. 95. 2 vecitator historiam ingen- 
tem adtulit, minutissime scriptam, 
artissime plicatam et, magna parte 
perlecta, “ Desinam” inquit “si 
vultis? ; acclamatur: “ Recita, re- 
cita" ab his qui illum obmutescere 


ilie cupiunt. 


51. Lupercus seems to have 
invited M. to dinner only when 
he had reason to believe that the 
poet would not come. — Meter: 
TQ 

1. convivaris: convivari im- 
plies more than cezaze would. 


158 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 51. 2 


inveni noceam qua ratione tibi. 
Irascor: licet usque voces mittasque rogesque — 


** Quid facies ? " inquis. 


52 


Quid faciam ? veniam. 


B 


Hoc iacet in tumulo raptus puerilibus annis 
Pantagathus, domini cura dolorque sui, 

vix tangente vagos ferro resecare capillos 
doctus et hirsutas excoluisse genas. 


5 


Sis licet, ut debes, tellus, placata levisque, 


artificis levior non potes esse manu. 


z. noceam ...tibi: ie. ‘to 
annoy you and so to get even with 
you’. 

3. usque, repeatedly, continu- 
ally; cf. 9. 48.4; 12.82. 12. — voces 
...Toges:aclimax. — voces: see 
I. 20. I N. — mittas: ie. send a 
special messenger with an urgent 
request. — rogesque: we may sup- 
pose that M. pauses here (aposio- 
pesis), unable at first to think of a 
suitable revenge. 

4. Quid facies? Lupercus 
breaks in, unable to bear the sus- 
pense. — veniam: the point lies in 
the unexpected turn in the thought; 
compliance, instead of the expected 
indignant refusal, is forthcoming. 
‘I will be revenged by coming’, 
says M. 

52. Anepitaphona slave barber 
who understood his business. Cf. 
8. 52. On the Zezsores see Beck. 
3. 237 ff. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Hoc...tumulo: a variation 
of the conventional Zzc zacet; cf. 
6. 28. 4-5. Tumulus is here not 
merely the swelling hillock of earth 
and turf, but = sepulcrum, as in 
4. 59. 6. 

2. Pantagathus, 4/-Goeed, is 
apparently a nickname; cf. ravra- 
ya06s. — domini...sui: half chi- 


astic in order. — cura: while alive; 
cf. 5. 24. 10 N. — dolor: now that 
he is dead; see on 6. 63. 7. 

3-4. vix... doctus: his skill 
was so great that one could hardly 
feel the blade. For barbers of a 
different sort see 7. 83; 11. 84.— 
vagos, strageling.— ferro = nova- 
cuda,—resecare and excoluisse 
depend on doctus; see on 5. 24. 7; 
cf. Ov. M. 11. 182 solitus longos 
ferro resecare capillos. — excolu- 
isse: cf. Tib. 1.8. 9 guid tibi nunc 
molles prodest coluisse capillos. 
Note the pf. here, but the pres. in 
3; the two tenses seem to denote 


exactly the same time. See on er 4 


fuisse, 1. 107.6. Resecuisse would 
be impossible in hexameter verse. 

5. tellus: vocative. For ss... 
tellus... . levisque see on 5. 34. 9-10. 
For the syntax in szs /ice? see on 
sic licet excuses, 1. 70. 17. 

6. artificis: cf. Tib. 1.8. 12 ard 
ficis docta subsecuzsse manu? 

55. On the basis of the para- 
dox that he who is always redolent 
of perfumes smells ill (cf. 2. 12) M. 
intimates that Coracinus uses per- 
fumes because he is naturally offen- 
sive to delicate nostrils or has been 
made so by his vices. — Meter: 


§ 49. 


6. $5. 2] 


55 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


159 


Quod semper casiaque cinnamoque 
et nido niger alitis superbae 
fragras plumbea Nicerotiana, 
rides nos, Coracine, nil olentis : 

5 malo, quam bene olere, nil olere. 


Mentiris fictos unguento, Phoebe, capillos 
et tegitur pictis sordida calva comis ; 


I. Casia...cinnamo: cf. 3.63. 
4 N.; Plin. N. H. 13. 18 ergo regale 
unguentum appellatum, quoniam 
Parthorum regibus ita temperatur, 
constat myrobalano, costo, amomo, 
cinnamo, comaco... casia, etc.; 
Beck. 3. 159 ff. 

z nido...superbae: ie. 
black with ointment got from the 
nest of the phoenix; cf. 9. 11. 4; 
IO. 16. 6; Plin. N. H. 12. 85 ezzza- 
momum et casias fabulose narravit 
antiquitas princepsque Herodotus 
avium nidis et privatim phoenicis 
...ex invits rupibus arboribusque 
decuti; 'Tac. Ann. 6. 28. On the 
phoenix itself see on 5. 37. 13. — 
niger: cf. 12. 17.7 circumfusa rosis 
et nigra recumbit amomo; 12. 38. 3 
crine nitens, nzger unguento. 

3. fragras here takes acc.; see 
on 5. 37. 9. — plumbea may in 
itself = vz/e, worthless, because 
adulterated (see on ro. 74. 4); cf. 
IO. 49. 5 plumbea vina. In that 
case sc. zzzguena (see next note). 
But this meaning does not fit the 
context; the perfumes of 1-2 are 
all good. It is better, then, to 
supply vasa with Micerotiana and 
to see a reference to the fact that 
this perfume was prepared, or at 
least stored, in leaden jars; cf. 
Plin. N. H. 13. 19 sol zuimicus fis 
(unguentis), quam ob rem in umbra 


conduntur plumbets vasis. Plum- 
bea then = pretiosa. — Nicero- " 
tiana: Niceros and Cosmus (cf. 
cosmianum) were well-known per- 
fumers whose names stand for their 
wares; cf. 9. 26. 2 N.; 12. 65. 4; 10. 
38. 8; Apoll. Sidon. C. 9. 322-326 
bonos odores, nardum ac pinguia 
Nicerotianis quae fragrant alaba- 
stra tincta sucis, Indo cinnamon ex 
rogo petitum quo Phoenix iuvenescit 
occidendo. | 

4. Coracine: perhaps a hu- 
morous coinage suggested by his 
appearance; cf. zzzeez, 2, and cora- 
cinus, 'raven-black', kopákivos. 
Fried., however, would identify him 
with the wretch of 4. 43. 

5. Cf. 2. 12. 3-4 hoc mihi su- 
spectum est, quod oles bene, Postu- 
me, semper: Postume, non bene olet 
qui bene semper olet. 

57. M. ridicules Phoebus, who 
was bald but by a skillful use of 
pomade imitated hair. Cf. 12. 45. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Mentiris ... capillos: cf. 
6. 74. 2-4 calvam trifilem semitatus 
(‘having made paths in’) wmguento 
fodit ...tonsis ora laxa lentiscis, 
mentitur. For mentiri with acc. 
see on 3. 43. 1; 5. 39. 6. 

2. pictis...comis: the black 
ointment (6. 55. 2) had the appear- 
ance of paint. — sordida: dirty 


160 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 57. 3 


tonsorem capiti non est adhibere necesse : 
radere te melius spongea, Phoebe, potest. 


Scis te captari, scis hunc qui captat avarum, 
et scis qui captat quid, Mariane, velit ; 

tu tamen hunc tabulis heredem, stulte, supremis 
scribis et esse tuo vis, furiose, loco. 

5 * Munera magna tamen misit". Sed misit in hamo; 

et piscatorem piscis amare potest ? 

hicine. deflebit vero tua fata dolore ? 
si cupis ut ploret, des, Mariane, nihil. 


with pomade instead of being 
washed clean (zztida); cf. 10. 83. 
2,11. — calva: see 5. 49. 3 N. 

4. spongea: rather than by 
razor or shears. 

63. M. ridicules the stupidity 
of Marianus in allowing himself to 
be victimized by a legacy-hunter. 
See 1. 10, with notes; II. 44.— 
Meter: $ 48. 

1. avarum (esse), 7s moved by 
avarice rather than by friend. 
ship. 

2. quid... velit: cf. 8. 27. 1-2 
munera qui tibi dat locupleti, Gaure, 
senigue, si sapis et sentis, hoc tibi ait 
“Morere”. 

3. tabulis... supremis: cf. 
5. 39. I2 N.; 5. 32. I-2 quadrantem 
Crispus tabulis, Faustine, supremis 
non dedit uxori. 


4. esse tuo... loco: ie. ‘to 
succeed to your wealth and social 
standing’. 


5. Munera... misit: Mari- 
anus’s rejoinder.—Sed...in 
hamo: the munera were but bait; 
cf. 4. 56. 3-6 sordidius nihil est, 
nihil est te spurcius uno, qui potes 
insidias dona vocare tuas: sic avidis 
fallax indulget piscibus hamus, 


callida sic stultas decipit esca feras. 
The figure antedates M.; cf. Hor. 
S. 2. 5. 23-26 captes astutus ubique 
testamenta senum,neu,si vafer unus 
et alter insidiatorem praeroso fuge- 
rit hamo, aut spem .deponas aut 
artem. illusus omittas; Sen. Ben. 
4. 20. 3. 

7. fata: cf. 1. 42. TN. — dolore: 
dolor is often used of grief for the 
dead; cf. 6. 52.2. For the thought 
cf. Pub. Syr. 221 Aeredis fletus sub 
persona (mask) risus est. 

8. des nihil: if Marianus leaves 
the captator nothing, the latter will 
mourn truly, not, to be sure, at 
Marianus’s death, but over his dis- 
appointment and his wasted efforts; 
cf. Iuv. 13. 134 ploratur lacrimis 
amissa pecunia veris. 

70. ‘An invalid's existence is 
no life at all. The proper measure 
of life is not mere length of days, 
as old Cotta knows, who, though 
sixty-two, has never been ill and 
still laughs at the doctors’. Cf. 
notes on I. 15. 12; I. 103. 12; 2.90. 3. 
It has been inferred from this epi- 
gram that M. himself was at this 
time not well; see $ 14. — Meter: 
§ 49. 


6. 70. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


161 


70 


Sexagesima, Marciane, messis 
acta est et, puto, iam secunda Cottae, 
nec se taedia lectuli calentis 
expertum meminit die vel uno; 

s ostendit digitum, sed inpudicum, 
Alconti Dasioque Symmachoque. 
At nostri bene conputentur anni 
et quantum tetricae tulere febres 
aut languor gravis aut mali dolores 

10 à vita meliore separentur : 
infantes sumus, et senes videmur. 


I. messis = aestas = annus; 
cf. 6. 28. 8. 
2. et joins the numeral adjec- 


tives in 1-2. — Cottae: so-called 
dat. of agent. 
3. taedia. ..calentis: said of 


onesuffering from protracted fever. 
— calentis, feverish. 

4. expertum: sc. esse. — vel: 
as in 5.49. 5. For its use with an 
adj. cf. Plaut. Trin. 963—964 £e tribus 
vérbis volo. Vel trecentis. 

5. digitum . . . inpudicum: 
the middle finger was called zz2z- 
dicus and infamis, because in a cer- 
tain obscene and insulting gesture 
the middle finger projected from 
the clenched fist; cf. Priap. 56. 1-2 
etimpudicum ostendis digitum mihi 
minanti; Luv. 10. §2—53 cum Fortu- 
nae ipse minaci mandaret laque- 
um mediumque ostenderet unguem. 
Ostendere digitum. (medium, infa- 
mem, inpudicum) = ‘jeer at’, ‘make 
fun of’, or ‘insult’, according to 
the context. — sed: cf. 1. 43. 9 N. 

6. Alconti: a Greek surgeon 
practicing in Rome; cf. 11. 84. 5. 
His name seems to have typified 
skillful medical practice; cf. Aus. 


Epigr. 73 medicus divis fatisque po- 
tentior Alcon.— Dasio ... Sym- 
macho: also medicz. For Symma- 
chus cf. 5. 9. 1N. On medici and 
chirurgi see Beck. z. 139. 

7-10. At...computentur... 
separentur: a volitive subjunc- 
tive, serving virtually as protasis to 
II; See on I. 70. 3; I. 79. 2. — bene, 
fairly, rightly; explained by 8—10, 
which in effect — *by deducting 
from... what fever’, etc. — quan- 
tum (‘emforis)... dolores is subj. 
of separentur, 10. —tulere = abstu- 
dere, have taken away; see on I. 
4. 2. — languor: weakness result- 
ing from disease; cf. 5. 9. 1 N.; Iuv. 
3. 232-233 ipsum languorem pepe- 
rit cibus inperfectus. — dolores: 
both bodily and mental; hence both 
pain and sorrow, distress. — vita 
meliore: i.e. true living; cf. 15. — 
separentur: see App. 

11. infantes: ie. as measured 
by the limited health and happi- 
ness of our existence. — et = and 
yet, et tamen. M. might have writ- 
ten quamquam senes videmur, or, 
still more effectively, gzazvis senes 
videamur. 


162 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 70. 12 


Aetatem Priamique Nestorisque 
longam qui putat esse, Marciane, 
multum decipiturque falliturque. 

15 Non est vivere, sed valere vita est. 


Ut nova dona tibi, Caesar, Nilotica tellus 
miserat hibernas ambitiosa rosas ; 
navita derisit Pharios Memphiticus hortos, 
urbis ut intravit limina prima tuae, 
s tantus veris honos et odorae gratia Florae, 
' tantaque Paestani gloria ruris erat, 


12. Aetatem, //e-span, viewed 
as a whole, without regard to the 
stages of life; so often. Cf. e.g. 
Cic. Tusc. 3. 25. 61 acta aetas ho- 
neste ac: splendide tantam. adfert 
consolationem ut, etc. — Priami... 
Nestoris: cf. 5. 58. 5; luv. 10. 246- 
247 rex Pylius, magno si quidquam 
credis Homero, exemplum vitae furt 
a cornice secundae. 

80. This epigram seems to 
have been prompted by the ar- 
rival in Rome of a messenger who 
brought to the emperor a present 
of winter roses from Egypt, only to 
find that the gift which the sender 
thought so rare was deprived of its 
value by an abundance of home- 
grown flowers. This was due either 
to an open winter (Fried. thinks it 
was the winter of 89-90) or to the 
increased culture of winter roses 
in the greenhouses of the rich in 
town. On the demand for roses in 
Rome see 5. 37. 9 N. — Meter: $48. 

1, Ut — /amquam or quasi; ut 
nova — in the thought that they 
wereararity. See Gilbert Q. C. ro. 
— Nilotica tellus: the Nile was 
almost literally Egypt; cf. /V/e, 10; 
1.61.5 N.; Luc. 9. 130 /VZ/otica rura. 


2. hibernas...rosas: cf. 4. 
29. 4; 13. 127; Sen. Ep. 122. 8; 
Macr. Sat. 7. 5. 32. — ambitiosa: 
ie. eager to gratify the emperor by 
something unique, something that 
no other quarter could offer. 

3-4. navita: archaic and poet- 
ical for zauta; the word is appro- 
priate because the messenger had 
come over seas. — derisit: i.e. lost 
all admiration for. — Pharios: see 
on 5. 69. 1t. — Memphiticus = 
Aegyptius; Memphis was impor- 
tant enough to stand for all Egypt. 
Cf. 14. 38. 1 dat chartis habiles cala- 
mos Memphitica tellus. —hortos: 
here esp. of rose-gardens. The Ro- 
man Zorti greeted the messenger 
even before he had got within the 
Servian Wall; the greatest of the 
parks, the Horti Pompeiani, Horti 
Lucullani, Horti Sallustiani, had 
been laid out beyond the Agger of 
Servius. However, “mina prima, 
4, may be understood literally, for 
there were many smaller, though 
elegant, Aorz/, within the walls. 

5. honos, grace, charm, beauty. 

6. Paestani... ruris: cf. 5. 
37. 9 N.; 9. 60. 4; Verg. G. 1. 168 57 
te digna manet divini gloria ruris. 


6. 82. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


163 


sic, quacumque vagus gressumque oculosque ferebat, 
tonsilibus sertis omne rubebat iter. 
At tu Romanae iussus iam cedere brumae 


IO 


82 


mitte tuas messes, accipe, Nile, rosas. 


Quidam me modo, Rufe, diligenter 
inspectum, velut emptor aut lanista, 
cum vultu digitoque subnotasset, 
“Tune es, tune" ait “ille Martialis, 


cuius nequitias iocosque novit 


aurem qui modo non habet Batavam ? " 


7. vagus: freely, zz his wan- 
derings; an important word. The 
messenger could see roses wher- 
ever he turned; he had no need to 
search for them as for rarities. 

8. tonsilibus sertis: see 5. 64. 
4N.—omne...iter: the very 
streets were ruddy with chaplets 
exposed for sale. 

9. tu Romanae: juxtaposition. 
— cedere, yield precedence to. — 
brumae: perhaps used to show 
that even the dead of winter did 
not interfere with the supply of 
roses; cf. 3. 58. 8 N. 

IO. tuas messes: i.e. /rumen- 
tum. Egypt and Africa fed the 
Roman populace.—accipe...ro- 
sas: Sc. zostras or a nobis, for, says 
M. to the Nile, ‘you cannot hope 
to rival ours’. 

82. M. has not forgotten how 
to pose elegantly as a beggar. See 
§ ro. — Meter: § 49. 

1-2. diligenter inspectum: 
inspicere is frequently used for a 
close, (half) professional exami- 
nation; cf. 9. 59. 3; Sen. Ep. 47. 16 
quemadmodum stultus est, qui ecum 
empturus non ipsum inspicit, sed 
stratum eius ac frenos; Luv. 3. 


44-45 ranarum viscera numquam 
inspexi (i.e. as augur, haruspex). — 
emptor aut lanista: the former 
is the ordinary non-professional 
buyer, the latter buys to secure 
proper material for the gladiatorial 
school. Each would in his way 
exercise great care. 

3. cum... subnotasset: the 
man eyed M. and felt him all 
over. 

4. tune. ..tune: effective 
repetition, picturing the man's 
doubts of M.’s identity. — ille: cf. 
I.I.IN. 

5. nequitias: cf. I. 109. I N.; 
11.16.7-8 tu quoque nequitias nostri 
lususque libelli .. . legas; 5. 2. 3-5 
tu, quem nequitiae procaciores delec- 
tant nimium salesque nudi, lascivos 
lege quattuor. libellos. — iocos: cf. 
I. 4. 3; 4- 49. z. — novit: the subj. 
is the antec. of gu, 6; everybody 
who has good literary taste and a 
critical ear knows M. 

6. aurem ... Batavam: the 
revolt of the Batavi (Hollanders) 
during the reign of Vitellius had 
not been forgotten. The Romans 
thought of the Batavi as brave 
fighters (Tac. Germ. 29) and as 





164 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[6. 82. 7 


Subrisi modice levique nutu 
me quem dixerat esse non negavi. 
“Cur ergo " inquit * habes malas lacernas ?”’ 


IO 


Respondi: * quia sum malus poeta”. 


Hoc ne saepius accidat poetae, 
mittas, Rufe, mihi bonas lacernas. 


88 


Mane salutavi vero te nomine casu 
nec dixi dominum, Caeciliane, meum. 


manufacturers of soap; see 5. 37. 
8 N.— qui modo non habet in- 
volves an interesting fusion of syn- 
tacticalforms. M. might have said 
simply, either caus... novit aurem 
qui non habet Batavam (the form of 
our text, minus modo), or cuzus ne- 
quitias iocosque quislibet novit, modo 
non (classical dummodo ne) aurem 
habeat Batavam. Two points, then, 
deserve especial notice: (1) modo 
= ‘only’,as in the so-called clauses 
of proviso with modo or dummodo, 
and (2) the mood of Aadet; with 
modo, ‘only’, the subjv. was to be 
expected. The ind. became pos- 
sible only when the combination 
became idiomatic and its origin 
was forgotten. Cf.Cic. Cat. 4.8. 16 
Servus est nemo, qui modo tolerabili 
condicione sit servitutis; Flacc. 27. 
64 quamquam quis ignorat, qui 
modo umquam mediocriter ves istas 
scire curavit. ; 

9. Cur...lacernas? better 
clothes, thinks the man, should go 
with distinction such as M. has 
won. For such clothes cf. 2. 29. 
3N.i 2.43. 7. 

10. malus poeta: poor poet 
exactly gives the play on words. 
M. of course wishes Rufus to think 
especially of ma/us as poverty- 
stricken; cf. zza/as, 9. 


11. M., becoming serious, uses 
poetae without epithet, as = true 
poet; note donas in 12 and cf. 
Hor. S. 1. 4. 1 Eupolis atque Cra- 
Unus Aristophanesque poetae. 

88. ‘The poor client pays in 
hard cash for any lapse in etiquette’. 
Caecilianus was a good specimen 
of the punctilious patron. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. salutavi...casu: ‘thought- 
lessly and without intentional slight 
I addressed you with Salve, Cae- 
ciliane’; see on 2. 

2. nec... meum: good form 
required the client to say .Sa/ve, 
domine, or Salve, rex; M.had failed 
to make it plain that he recognized 
Caecilianus as his superior. Cf. 
€.g. I. II2. I-2 cum te non HOSSEM, 
dominum regemque vocabam : nunc 
bene te novi: iam mihi Priscus eris; 
luv. 8. 160-161 /dumaeae Syro- 
phoenix incola portae hospitis ad- 
fectu dominum regemque salutat; 
Beck. 2. 194 ff. Since dominus 
prop. denoted a master of slaves, 
its use as a term of polite address 
in ordinary society spread but 
slowly; Augustus (Oros. 6. 22) and 
Tiberius (Suet. Tib. 27) allowed no 
onetoapplytheterm tothem. See 
also Suet. Aug. 53, with Peck's 
note. 


6. 88. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


165 


Quanti libertas constat mihi tanta requiris ? 
centum quadrantes abstulit illa mihi. 


3. libertas: see preceding note. 
‘I played the freeman’, says M., 
‘when I failed to call you dominus; 
I had to pay for that freedom’. — 
constat: cf. 1. 103. Io N. Note the 
mood of constat: the question is 
put directly, reguzris being brought 


in unexpectedly, almost parenthet- 
ically; see on 6. 8. 6. We might 
put a question mark after Zaza. — 
tanta is ironical. 

4. Centum quadrantes: for 
the importance of the money dole 
to the client see 3. 7, with notes. 


LIBER VII 


Cur non mitto meos tibi, Pontiliane, libellos ? 
ne mihi tu mittas, Pontiliane, tuos. 


Aera domi non sunt: superest hoc, Regule, solum 
ut tua vendamus munera: numquid emis ? 


Ruris bibliotheca delicati, 
vicinam videt unde lector urbem, 


inter carmina sanctiora si quis 
lascivae fuerit locus Thaliae, 
5 hos nido licet inseras vel imo 


3. In some cases, thinks M., 
like exchange ‘is undesirable; at 
the least such exchange would work 
injustice. Cf. 5. 73 throughout. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

16. With characteristic adroit- 
ness M. makes the very boldness 
and humor of his “ grotesque joke” 
(Spiegel) a mask behind which the 
beggar hides. See §10. For Regu- 
lus see 1.12. Introd. — Meter: § 48. 

17. Written to accompany an 
author's copy of Books I-VII (cf. 6) 
sent to Iulius Martialis (cf. I. 15, 
with notes) for his library. The 
bibliotheca is that of the villa de- 
scribed in 4. 64. — Meter: $ 49. 

1. Ruris... delicati: cf. 4. 64. 
10 N. — bibliotheca: from the end 
of the Republic the d7b/otheca was 
a regular part of the rich man's 
country-house. Trimalchio boasts 


thus (Petr. 48): duas bibliothecas 
habeo, unam Graecam,alteram Latt- 
nam. See Beck. 2. 418 ff.; Marq. 
114, esp. note 4; Lanciani Anc. R. 
179 ff. Little if any reading, how- 
ever, was done in the d7bliotheca 
itself; it was used simply for the 
storage of books. 

2. vicinam... 
64. 11-12 N. 

3. carmina sanctiora: i.e. the 
work of poets whose carmina have 
receiveda placein thesacred canon; 
cf. Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 54 adeo sanctum 
est vetus omne poema. 

4. lascivae . . Thaliae: see 
4. 8. 11-12 N. 

5. nido... imo: the poet's 
gift craves only a humble place 
in the library, near the floor. For 
nido see 1, 117. I5 N.; Beck. 2. 421. 
— vel imo: cf. vel uno, 6. 70. 4 N. 


. urbem: cf. 4. 


166 


a 


7.21.2]. 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


167 


septem quos tibi misimus libellos 
auctoris calamo sui notatos : 
haec illis pretium facit litura. 
At tu munere, delicata, parvo 

1o quae cantaberis orbe nota toto, 
pignus pectoris hoc mei tuere, 
Iuli bibliotheca Martialis. 


Haec est illa dies, quae magni conscia partus 
Lucanum populis et tibi, Polla, dedit. 


7. auctoris . . . notatos: ie. 
corrected by the author himself 
after it had left the hands of the 
copyist, and so enhanced in value; 
cf. 1.3.9-10. Of badly made copies 
there was in antiquity much com- 
plaint. Autograph copies, too,were 
prized. — calamo: cf. 7. 11. 1-2 
cogis me calamo manuque nostra 
emendare meos, Pudens, libellos. 

8. pretium ...litura: ‘my gift 
has at least one claim to value: I 
have corrected these books myself’. 
For books as gifts cf. 9. 99. 6-8 2, 
liber, absentis pignus amicitiae. Vilis 
eras, fateor, si te nunc mitteret emp- 
tor; grande tui pretium muneris 
auctor erit; Hor. C. 4. 8. 11-12 car- 
mina possumus donare et pretium 
dicere muneri. 

9. munere . . . parvo: partly 
causal, partly instrumental abl. with 
cantaberis; to join the phrase with 
delicata, as some do, in the sense 
of ‘charming because of my gift’, 
seems hardly consistent with 5.— 
delicata: voc.; see App. Its posi- 
tion seems due to the effort to 
secure juxtaposition with sarvo; 
compared with the existing charm 
(1-2) of the library M.’s gift is 
small; yet it will add to the fame 
of the collection. n 


a 


10. orbe... toto: cf. 1. 1.2 N. 
— nota; pred. nom. with cantaberis, 
* will be sung to fame". 

II. pignus pectoris: cf. pignus 
amicitiae in 9. 99. 6, cited on 8. 

21. An epigram addressed to 
Polla Argentaria, widow of M. An- 
naeus Lucanus, the brilliant but 
illstarred young poet (see r. 6r. 
7-8 N.). His great wealth and 
literary fame excited the jealousy 
of Nero, who sought to ruin his 
reputation and to clip his poetic 
wings. Accordingly, Lucan took 
part in Piso's conspiracy against 
Nero. For a graphic account of 
his enforced suicide see Tac. Ann. 
I 5. 70. — Meter: $48. 

1-2. haec .. . dedit: it is the 
anniversary of Lucan's birthday. 
Cf. 7.22; 7. 23. — conscia: cf. Verg. 
A. 4. 167-168 fulsere ignes et con- 
scius aether conubtis, Render by 
well aware of, witness of. — popu- 
lis, the nations, suggests that Lu- 
can's fame was wide-spread.— et 
tibi...dedit: i.e. ‘as your husband’, 
Her devotion became proverbial. 
See Apoll. Sidon. Ep. 2. 10. 6 rem;- 
niscere quod saepe versum Corinna 
cum suo Nasone complevit, Lesbia 
cum .Catullo... Argentaria cum 
Lucano, Cynthia. cum Propertio, 


168 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


JD. 21.3 


Heu! Nero crudelis nullaque invisior umbra, 
debuit hoc saltem non licuisse tibi. 


25 


Dulcia cum tantum scribas epigrammata semper 
et cerussata candidiora cute 
nullaque mica salis nec amari fellis in illis 
gutta sit, o demens, vis tamen illa legi! 
5 Nec cibus ipse iuvat morsu fraudatus aceti 
nec grata est facies cui gelasinus abest. 
Infanti melimela dato fatuasque, mariscas, 
nam mihi, quae novit pungere, Chia sapit. 


Delia cum Tibullo. Polla seems to 
have befriended M. In 10. 64 he 
addresses her as regina. 

3. nulla... umbra: i.e. ‘hated 
for Lucan's as for no other's death’ ; 
wmbra is causal ablative. For the 
thought cf. 5. 69. 2 Zevius tabula 
quam Cicerone nocens, with notes. 

4. licuisse: cf. 4. 44. 8 N.; an 
ironical allusion to Nero's witticism 
(Suet. Ner. 37): elatus inflatusque 
dantis velut successibus (murders 
and tyrannical acts) zegavzt guem- 
quam principum scisse quid sibi 
liceret. Note the tense; the pres. 
inf. is the regular use after all 
tenses of verbs of obligation, pro- 
priety, etc., but the pf. is sometimes 
used, by assimilation, after past 
tenses of such verbs. See also on 
eripuisse, Y. 107. 6. 

25. Addressed to a man who 
wrote epigrams which, though 
pretty and elegant, lacked point 
and sting. — Meter: § 48. 

2. cerussata . . . cute: see I. 
72. 6 N. — candidiora: perhaps 
used here of the clear unaffected 
style of the writer (cf. Quint. ro. 1. 
121 tam candidum et lene et spect- 
osum dicendi genus), though that 


sense conveys a compliment rather 
than the expected criticism. Prob- 
ably, therefore, the sense is rather 
‘more pallid’, and so ‘more feeble- 
looking’. M.isthen hinting that the 
public prefers epigrams that have 
piquancy anda wanton spice; ‘more 
spotless’ will render the point. 

3. nulla... salis: see 1. 41. 
16 N. The figurative use of sal, 
mel, felis common. To these words 
Pliny probably refers in Ep. 3. 21, 
cited in $ 38. 

5-6. Nec... abest: dull uni- 
formity is unattractive; one's food, 
for instance, needs a little spice. 
— morsu: ‘bite’, i.e. pungency; cf. 
pungere, 8. — gelasinus: a dimple 
produced by a smile; cf. yeAaatvos, 
from yeddw. 

7. Infanti... mariscas:sweets 
please only babies; adults have 
more discrimination. — melimela: 
See I. 43. 4 N.—mariscas: figs large 
but inferior, well characterized by 
fatuas, ‘silly’, ‘insipid’; cf. 11. 31.8 
fatuas . . . placentas. 

8. quae... pungere: cf. note 
on 210752, 5. — Chia: sc. ficus; here 
it typifies the egigramma mordens 
(Domit.). : 


7- 43. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


169 


36 
Cum pluvias madidumque Iovem perferre negaret 
et rudis hibernis villa nataret aquis, 
plurima quae posset subitos effundere nimbos 
muneribus venit tegula missa tuis. 
s  Horridus, ecce, sonat Boreae stridore December : 
Stella, tegis villam, non tegis agricolam. 


43 
Primum est ut praestes, si quid te, Cinna, rogabo; 
illud deinde sequens, ut cito, Cinna, neges. 


36. M. again acts the beggar 
gracefully. He suggests to his 
benefactor that it is a scant benefi- 
cence to protect the farm-house if 
the farmer is neglected. — Meter: 
$48. 

1, madidum . . . Iovem: i.e. 
bad weather. Juppiter often = 
*weather' (metonymy), esp. bad 
weather. The phrase /uppiter plu- 
vius is rare in Latin; in this pas- 
sage, too, Jovem does not stand for 
the god. See Morgan Trans. Am. 
Phil. Ass. 32. 99. Cf. Varr. L. L. 
5. 65 ut ait. Ennius: Istic est is 
Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci 
vocant aerem, qui ventus est et nubes, 
imber postea, atque ex imbre frigus, 
ventus post fit, aer denuo" ; Hor. C. 
I. 22. 19-20 quod latus mundi ne- 
bulae malusque Juppiter urget. — 
negaret: for negare, ‘refuse’, with 
inf., cf. Prop. 2. 10. 13-14 Za negat 
Euphrates equitem. post terga tueri 
Parthorum ; Soed. 15. 

2. rudis... villa: a farm-house 
(M.’s own) at best rough and ill- 
made; zuds may, however, picture 
the result of age and neglect. Cf. 
also rudzs...porticus, Y. 12. 5 N. 
— hibernis ..: aquis: winter cold 
is added to the discomfort of water. 


3-4. plurima ... tegula: see 
on 1. 70. 6 — subitos... nimbos: 
ie. even the sudden hard shoyers. 
M.’s complaint had been made, 
apparently, during the winter, and 
relief had come before the spring 
rains. — effundere, shed. 

5. Horridus is a common epi- 
thet of winter (personified) and of 
bad weather; cf. 7. 95.1 drama est 
et riget horridus December; Verg. 
G. 3. 442-443 horrida cano bruma 
gelu. — December: M. thinks of 
the Saturnalia as a good time to 
appeal to Stella foranother present. 

6. Stella: L. Arruntius Stella; 
see I. 61. 4 N. — tegis: a pun on 
tegula, 4, spite of the difference in 
quantity. See on 9. 6. 4. — tegis 
agricolam: i.e. with a new toga. 

43. M. tells Cinna that to 
promise without fulfilling the 
promise is worse than to refuse 
outright. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Primum, of first importance. 
Primum est = maxime volo, and so 
may be construed with w¢ and the 
subjunctive. 

2. ut... neges: ie. ‘if you 
cannot comply with promptness’. 
Cf. 6. 20. 1-4 mutua te centum se- 
stertia, Phoebe, rogavi, cum tnihi 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7- 43-3 


Diligo praestantem ; non odi, Cinna, negantem : 
sed tu nec praestas nec cito, Cinna, negas. . 


47 


Doctorum Licini celeberrime Sura virorum, 
cuius prisca graves lingua reduxit avos, 
redderis — heu, quanto fatorum munere ! — nobis, 
gustata Lethes paene remissus aqua. 
5 Perdiderant iam vota metum securaque flebat 
Tristitia et lacrimis iamque peractus eras: 


dixisses  Exigis ergo nihil ?" Ingui- 
ris, dubitas, cunctaris meque diebus 
deque decem crucias: iam rogo, 
Phoebe, nega; 6. 30. 

47. M. congratulates L. Li- 
cinius Sura on his restoration to 
health after a sickness in which his 
life had been despaired of. Sura, 
who came from Hispania Tarraco- 
nensis, was orator, soldier, states- 
man, natural philosopher, thrice 
consul under Trajan, and a close 
friend of that emperor. As Ver- 
ginius Rufus won fame by thrice 
refusing the purple, Sura may be 
said to have distinguished himself 
by virtually making two emperors, 
Trajan and Hadrian.—Meter: § 48. 

1. Doctorum...celeberrime: 
Sura seems to have been a learned 
naturalist and philosopher; cf. Plin. 
Ep. 4. 30. 

2. cuius... avos: ie. when 
Sura spoke he seemed to represent 
the orators of a time long past 
and in himself to bring back the 
worthies of a better age, men who 
possessed the typical Roman 
gravitas, — prisca...lingua may 
have reference to quaint or archaic 
phraseology, but more prob. sug- 
gests the old-fashioned directness 
of speech that formed so marked 
a contrast to the rhetorical and 


poetic prose of M.’s time, e.g. of 
Seneca. 

3. heu belongs closely with 
quanto, ‘by the mighty, ah me! by 
the too mighty gift of the Fates’. 
In his rejoicing M. shudders as he 
thinks how near Sura came to 
death; that near approach of death 
made the munus Fatorum need- 
lessly great. 

4. Lethes: the famous river of 
the under-world; cf. Hor. C. 4. 7. 
27-28 mec Lethaea valet Theseus 
abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo. 
Had Sura tasted this river, he had 
forgotten all the affairs of earth, 
even all his friends; see Verg. A. 
6. 713-715. For the form of the 
gen. cf. Cybeles, 1. 70. 10 N.; 5. 
13. 7. 
5-6. Perdiderant... metum: 
ie. *our prayers (vows) had lost 
the element of fear; we no longer 
feared that you would die, for to 
us you seemed already dead’. — 
secura...Tristitia: the Romans 
freely personified mere abstract 
qualities. M. means that the ex- 
pected loss was so great that Tris- 
titia herself shared in the general. 
hopelessness and manifested her 
feelings not merely in look but by 
tears. — secura, z2 calm despair 
(Steph.).— lacrimis .. eras: 


7. 47. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


i21 


non tulit invidiam taciti regnator Averni 
et raptas Fatis reddidit ipse colus. 
Scis igitur quantas hominum mors falsa querelas 
10 moverit, et frueris posteritate tua. 
Vive velut rapto fugitivaque gaudia carpe : 
perdiderit nullum vita reversa diem. 


freely, our tears had already dis- 
patched you; i.e. ‘we thought you 
dead and lamented accordingly’. 
M. may mean that the friends of 
Sura were so sure of his death 
that the conclamatio was actually 
uttered. See App. 

7. invidiam: cf. 1. 12. 9-10 N. 
Even Pluto, pictured ordinarily as 
tllacrimabilis, dared not risk the 
odium that Sura’s taking-off would 
involve. — taciti... Averni: near 
the Lacus Avernus, which lay just 
back of the Lacus Lucrinus, the 
poets placed the entrance to the 
lower world; hence they used 
Avernus in both numbers for the 
infernal regions. Cf. Verg. A. 6. 
126 facilis descensus Averno; Ov. 
Am. 3.9.27 &unc quoque summa 
dies nigro submersit Averno. Aver- 
nus is Zaczízs because it is ordi- 
narily thought of as the abode of 
silent specters, but there is a refer- 
ence also to the mundane Avernus, 
over which, said the poets, e.g. 
Verg. A. 6. 237-242, the silence of 
death brooded, because of the pesti- 
lential exhalations from the lake. 

8. Fatis: ancient conceptions 
of the Parcae were very indetermi- 
nate, and the use of Za/a = Parcae 
became increasingly common from 
the Augustan epoch, until the two 
terms were practically synonymous. 
See Preller-Jordan 2. 193-194; 
Roscher Lex. s.v. Mora. For the 
Parcae as spinners see on 1. 88. 9; 
4. 84. 5. — colüs: prop. ‘distaffs’; 
here = fila or persa (see 4. 54. 9 N.). 


9. Scis igitur: ‘you know what 
yourcontemporaries really thought 
of you'. — hominum: with gze- 
velas. —falsa: i.e. falsely reported. 

io. frueris... tua: cf. Plin. Ep. 
2. I. 1 (Verginius Rufus) ¢riginta 
annis gloriae suae supervixit; legit 
scripta de se carmina, legit historias, 
et posteritati suae interfuit. 

i1. Vive... carpe: ie. make 
the most of this new lease of life. 
— rapto: hereanoun; cf. the idiom 
rapto (ex rapto) vivere. This new 
span of life is like plunder stolen 
from Pluto himself, which Pluto 
may at any moment seek to re- 
cover; hence one who wishes to 
get full use of it must use it at once. 
—fugitiva... gaudia: cf. 1. 15. 
8 N. — carpe: cf. Hor. C. 1. 11. 8 
carpe diem; Ov. A.A. 3. 661 aliae 
tua gaudia carpent. 

12. perdiderit... diem: i.e. 
a life (— chance to live) that has 
been given back, when it seemed 
to have gone out forever, cannot 
afford to lose a single opportunity 
for enjoyment. Perdiderit is best 
taken as subjv. of command. The 
pf. tense in such commands is rare; 
by dwelling on the completion of 
the act commanded it gives a 
tone of urgency. See À.439, N. 1j 
GL. 263, 3 N.; L. 1549. 

46. Another peep at a cena 
publica (cf. 1. 20; 1. 43; etc). A 
fashionable trick is used as a cover 
for downright meanness; the food 
is passed around to the guests by 
slaves, instead of being brought in 


172 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7. 48. 1 


48 


Cum mensas: habeat fere trecentas, 
pro mensis habet Annius ministros : 
transcurrunt gabatae volantque lances. 
Has vobis epulas habete, lauti : 

s nos offendimur ambulante cena. 


Semper mane mihi de me mera somnia narras, 
quae moveant animum sollicitentque meum ; 
iam prior ad faecem, sed et haec vindemia venit, 


in a more formal way on the fercu/a, 
and the process is so hurried that 
the guests can do little more than 
taste the viands. See Beck. 3. 368 ff.; 
Marq. 321 ff. — Meter: § 49. 

1. Cum, although. — mensas, 
as often = orbes (cf. 2. 43. 9N.; 1. 
103.8 N.). Atan earlier period the 
table was literally removed at the 
end of each course ( ferculum); cf. 
the idioms zezsa prima, mensae 
secundae, mensas removere, etc. 
It would be possible also to say 
that Annius did not have the dishes 
placed on the single table that was 
brought into use, but had them 
handed round by slaves, because 
he wished to save his ores; per- 
haps, however, he really had none! 
— trecentas: cf. I. 43. 1 N. 

2. pro, zz place of, in lieu of. 

3. transcurrunt .. . lances: 
Le. the dishes seem animated and 
to be on the run; they fairly fly 
(as borne by the attendants). — 
gabatae: apparently dishes deeper 
than the flat /azx; cf. 11. 31. 18-19 
inplet gabatas paropsidesque et leves 
scutulas cavasque lances. The ety- 
mology of the word is uncertain. 

4. vobis... habete: cf. 2.48.8 
et thermas tibi habe Neronianas, 


and the formula of divorce, ves Zuas 
tibi habeto.—lauti almost = azvites, 
reges (see on 2. 18. 5). 

54. M. begs Nasidianus to 
dream no more, or to keep his 
dreams to himself; otherwise at- 
tempts to ward off their evil effects 
will utterly ruin the poet. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. Semper... narras: ie. ‘you 
recount to me daily at the salutatio 
nothing but yourdreamsofme’. In 
view of the constitutional supersti- 
tion of the Romans, it was but natu- 
ral that ominous dreams should 
disquiet them, and that theyshould 
seek to ward off the evils that such 
visions were supposed to prognos- 
ticate. M. may be speaking wholly 
seriously of himself (cf. then Plin. 
Ep. 1. 18), or he may be merely 
laughing at the superstition of 
others. s 

2. quae... meum: either ‘such 
that they stir’, etc., or ‘to stir’, etc., 
ie. the clause may be taken either 
as consecutive or as final. 

3. prior...venit: the wine of 
two seasons has been utterly used 
upinattempted propitiation. Prior 
in sense = froximi anni. —sed et: 
See I. 43.9 N. 


cd 


7. 63. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


173 


exorat noctes dum mihi saga tuas, 


consumpsi salsasque molas et turis acervos, 


decrevere greges, dum cadit agna frequens, 
non porcus, non chortis aves, non ova supersunt. 
Aut vigila aut dormi, Nasidiane, tibi. 


59 


Non cenat sine apro noster, Tite, Caecilianus : 
bellum convivam Caecilianus habet. 


63 


Perpetui nunquam moritura volumina Sili 
qui legis et Latia carmina digna toga, 


4. exorat: conative present, Za; 
been trying to appease (exorcise); 
cf. Ov. Tr. 2. 22 exorant magnos car- 
mina saepe deos. — saga: cf. 11. 49. 


7-8 amphora nunc petitur nigri 


cariosa Falerni expiet ut somnos 
garrula saga tuos. 

5. salsas... molas: ie. the 
money expended in buying the cakes 
andincense(Domit.). Spelt, ground 
and salted, was in sacrifice sprinkled 
over the victim; cf. Tib. 1. 5. 13-14 
ipse procuravi ne possent saeva no- 
cere somnia ter sancta deveneranda 
mola. 

6. frequens = 2/uzzma; see on 
I. 70. 6. 

7. chortis: cf. 3. 58. 12; 7. 31. I 
raucae chortis aves et ova matrum. 


— ova: cf. Ov. A. A. 2. 327-330 


quotiensque libebit, quae referas dli 


somnia laeta vide; et veniat quae 
lustret anus lectumque locumque 
praeferat et tremula sulpur et ova 
manu. 


8. vigila: ie. keep awake. — 
dormi...tibi: ie. 'dream about 
yourself’. 


59. Caecilianus is one of the 
gluttons who prefer to partake of 


a formal dinner alone. See 1. 20, 
with notes. — Meter: $48. 

I. apro: see I. 43. 2 N.; Iuv. 
I. 94; I. 140-141 quanta est gula 
quae sibi totos ponit apros, animal 
propter convivia natum! 

2. bellum convivam: Caecili- 
anus has one guest, a pig! M. 
insinuates that host and guest are 
well matched. For deus see on 
1.9. . 
965. To a reader of Silius Itali- 
cus. Cf.4.14, with notes. M.’s ful- 
some praise of Silius in this and 
other epigrams may not have been 
wholly disinterested; Silius was 
rich. Plin. Ep. 3. 7. 5 says: (Silius) 
scribebat carmina maiore cura quam 
ingenio.— Meter: § 48. 

1. Perpetui, zmzortal; cf. 6. 
64. 10 (zugas) quas et perpetui di- 
gnantur scrinia Sili. volumina: 
Silius's Punica. 

2. Latia...toga: ie. which 
may risk comparison with the 
greatest Latin models. 7292 here 
denotes Rome and all that Rome 
stands for, with a special reference, 
of course, to matters of poetic 
genius and style. 


174 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7. 63. 3 


Pierios tantum vati placuisse recessus 
credis et Aoniae Bacchica serta comae ? 
5 Sacra cothurnati non attigit ante Maronis 
implevit magni quam Ciceronis opus: 
hunc miratur adhuc centum gravis hasta virorum, 
hunc loquitur grato plurimus ore cliens. 
Postquam bis senis ingentem fascibus annum 
10 rexerat adserto qui sacer orbe fuit, 


3-4. The thought is: *Do you 
fancy that he gave heed only to 
poetry?'— Pierios ... recessus: 
see 1. 76. 3 N. — vati: cf. 1. Or. 1 N. 
—Aoniae...comae: Aonia= 
Boeotia; hence Zeus Aonius = 
Bacchus, and the Aonides are the 
Muses (cf. Aonzdum turba = Musae 
omnes in 7. 22. 2). Thus Aonzae... 
comae denotes garlands such as are 
worn by Bacchus and the Muses 
(who are often named together). — 
Bacchica serta: cf. 1.76. 5-7; Ov. 
Tr. 1.7. 2 deme meis hederas, Bac- 
chica serta, comis. 

5-6. Sacra ...opus: i.e. Silius 
did not begin to imitate Vergil in 
epic poetry until he had rivaled 
Cicero in eloquence. — Sacra 
(carmina): the poet, as the favorite 
of Bacchus, Apollo, and the Muses, 
is sacer, a kind of Zusarum sacer- 


dos. Cf. Hor. C. 3. 1. 1-4; 4. 9. 28 " 


vate sacro. — cothurnati: here 
Jofty (in style), not simply ‘tragic’; 
see 8. 3. 13 N. Cf. 5. 5. 8 grande 
cothurnati pone Maronis opus.— 
Maronis...Ciceronis: cf. 4.14.14; 
5. 56. 5; 11. 48. 

7. hunc... virorum: the cen- 
tumviral court (cf. 1. 76. 12 N.) had 
to do with civil cases, ie. with 
questions of ównership of land, 
etc. As a symbol of ownership a 
hasta was set up where the centum- 
viri met. Cf.thelike use of aspear 
at auctions, esp. at the sale of booty 


in the camp, prob. the original use; 
see Blackstone 2. 20. This spear 
came to stand for the court itself; 
cf. Quint. 5. 2. 1 partibus centum- 
viralium quae in duas hastas divisae 
sunt, The vs. praises Silius for. 
eloquence; cf. Plin. Ep. 9. 23. 1 /7e- 
quenter agenti mihi evenit ut cen- 
tumviri, cum diu se intra iudicum 
auctoritatem. gravitatemque leuuis- 
sent, omnes repente quasi victi coac- 
tique consurgerent laudarentque. — 
gravis, reverend, is a transferred 
epithet; it pictures rather the 
judicum gravitas (cf. Pliny above). 

8. hunc...cliens: his clients 
thank him from full hearts, because 
he wins his cases. For the syntax 
in Auge loquitur see on loguitur, 
I. 61. 8. — plurimus ... cliens: 
see on I. 70. 6. 

9-10. Postquam ... rexerat:" 
ie. after the year of his consulship, 
68, the year of Nero's death. — bis 
senis...fascibus: twelve lictors 
with /asces preceded the consul 
in public. — ingentem (az): 
explained by adsezto ... fuit; the 
year was preéminently great, be- 
cause then the world was freed 
from Nero's tyranny. — adserto 
...orbe: for adserere see notes on 
I. 15. 9-10. Cf. Plin. N. H. 20. 160 
Julium Vindicem, adsertorem illum 
a Nerone libertatis. Adserto... orbe 
is best taken as an abl. abs., equiva- 
lent to a causal clause. Translate, 


7. 73. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


175 


emeritos Musis et Phoebo tradidit annos 
proque suo celebrat nunc Helicona foro. 


73 


Esquiliis domus est, domus est tibi colle Dianae, 
et tua Patricius culmina Vicus habet, 

hinc viduae Cybeles, illinc sacraria Vestae, 
inde novum, veterem prospicis inde Iovem. 


*which was hallowed by the freeing 
of the world'. — sacer: the men 
of a later day thought of the azz/: 
mirabilis (cf. 9) with something of 
the grateful reverence with which 
men of a far earlier day looked 
back on the Mons Sacer. 

II, emeritos ... annos: freely, 
‘the years of his retirement’; the 
figure is derived from the thought 
of a soldier who has served out his 
campaigns and has retired from the 
public service. Emerztos is from 
emereor, and = qui stipendia eme- 
riti erant. Cf. Ov. M. 15. 226-227 
emeritis medii quoque temporis an- 
nis labitur occiduae per ter declive 
senectae; Plin. Ep. 3. 7. 6 (of Silius) 
novissime ita suadentibus annis ab 
urbe secessit seque in Campania 
tenuit. — Musis et Phoebo: see 
On I. 70. 15; I. 76. 5. 

I2. pro... suo...foro: Silius 
is devoting himself to poetry rather 
than to the law and public life. — 
suo, which he had made his own; 
there had been no one to dispute 
his preéminence as a pleader.— 
celebrat, freguents. The word sug- 
gests intimate and continued asso- 
ciation, and so balances so. 

73. ‘For a patronus to live 
everywhere is almost as bad as it 
is for him to live nowhere, so far 
as the appearance of the client at 
his levee’ is concerned. Maximus 
has too many town houses!’ On 


the numerous villas of the Romans 
see Fried.SG. 3. 99 ff.— Meter: $48. 

1. Esquiliis: see 5. 22. 2N.— 
colle Dianae: i.e. the Aventine, 
called Diana’s hill because on it 
was the chief seat of the worship 
of Diana, a temple said to have 
been founded by Servius Tullius 
(Liv. 1.45). Cf. 12.18. 3; 6. 64.13 
Aventinae vicinus Sura Dianae. 

2, Patricius... Vicus: this 
street ran from the Subura north- 
east; see Platner 425. 

3-4. The best effect is got by 
supposing that M. is mentioning 
four other houses of Maximus; cf. 
Iuv. 14. 274-275 tu propter mille 
talenta et centum villas temerarius; 
1. 94-95 quis totidem erexit villas 
...avus? Others suppose that M. 
is giving the outlooks commanded 
by the three houses of 1-2, but 
they find great difficulty in adjust- 


- ing four outlooks to three houses, 


andin determining to what portions 
of 1-2 hinc, illinc, inde refer. Be- 
sides, if M. mentions only three 
houses in all, zgue in 6 is flat be- 
cause too exaggerated. — viduae: 


- because her beloved Attis is dead; 


cf. Catull. 63. — Cybeles ...sa- 
craria: cf. 1. 70. IO N. —novum 
... lovem: the Capitoline temple 
of Jupiter, rebuilt after the destruc- 
tive fire of 80; cf. Suet. Dom. 5 
plurima et amplissima opera in- 
cendio absumpta restituit, in quis 


176 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7- 73: 5 


5 Dic ubi conveniam, dic qua te parte requiram : 
quisquis ubique habitat, Maxime, nusquam habitat. 


79 


Potavi modo consulare vinum. 
Quaeris quam vetus atque liberale ? 
Ipso consule conditum : sed ipse 
qui ponebat erat, Severe, consul. 


* Triginta toto mala sunt epigrammata libro ". 


(= quibus) et Capitolium, quod rur- 
sus arserat.—veterem ... Iovem: 
the Capitolium Vetus on the Collis 
Quirinalis; see 5. 22. 4 N. — pro- 
spicis: cf. 2. 59. 2 ex me Caesareum 
prospicis ecce tholum. On the site 
of this villa see Hülsen Rh. Mus. 
49. 408. 

5. qua ... parte: sc. zzzózs. 

6. Maxime: the whole epigram 
has a ring of reality, but the man M. 
has in mind cannot be identified. — 
nusquam habitat: cf. Sen. Ep. 
2. 2 nusquam est, qui ubique est; 
Tert. Praes. Her. 10 ero ztagze nus- 
quam, dum ubique convenior. 

79. M. writes humorously of 
the wine served at a recent dinner. 
He calls it vzzzz consulare, as if 


it were good wine, put up long be-- 


fore (2), but hastens to explain that 
the consul involved is the consul 
of the current year. The wine, 
after all, was but vzwum Aornum. 
— Meter: § 49. 

1. consulare vinum: ampho- 
rae, esp. those containing good 
wines, were often marked with the 
names of the consuls in whose year 
the wine was made. Roman hosts 
prided themselves on having old 
and good wines; cf. e.g. 3.62.2 sub 
rege Numa condita vina bibis; Iuv. 


5. 30-31 thse capillato diffusum con- 
sule potat calcatamque tenet bellis 
socialibus uvam; Petr. 34 allatae 
sunt amphorae ... quarum in cer- 
vicibus pittacia erant affixa cum hoc 
titulo: Falernum Opimianum anno- 
rum centum. Ninum Opimianum, 
made in 121 B.C, was especially 
famous. 

2. liberale, generous, such as a 
gentleman should drink. See 4. 
64. 27 N. 

3. Ipso consule: M. writes as 
if he were going to add Ofimzo (see 
on 2) or the name of some other 
consul whose year was famous for 
its vintage. — conditum, stored up, . 
inthe amphorae, which were placed 
in the wine-room (afotheca), which 
was sosituatedthat thesmokefrom 
the bath furnace could play round 
the jars; the smoke was supposed 
to hasten the mellowing of the 
wine. See on 12. 82. 11. 

4. ponebat: cf. 1.43.2 N. — Se- 
vere: see 6.8. 6 N. 

81. M. intimates, in reply to 
the criticisms of Lausus, that there 
is no good wheat without chaff. 
Cf. 7.85; 7. 88. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Triginta toto: juxtaposi- 
tion, duesurely to M. himself rather 
than to Lausus, for the words as 


7. 86. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


177 


Si totidem bona sunt, Lause, bonus liber est. 


Eutrapelus tonsor dum circuit ora Luperci 
expingitque genas, altera barba subit. 


Quod non insulse scribis tetrasticha quaedam, 
disticha quod belle pauca, Sabelle, facis, 

laudo, nec admiror. Facile est epigrammata belle 
scribere, sed librum scribere difficile est. 


Ad natalicias dapes vocabar, 


they stand would naturally mean, 
‘In your whole book (but, only) 
thirty epigrams are bad’; M. does 
not fairly state Lausus's criticism 
(which ran, * There are fully thirty 
bad epigrams in your book’; Lau- 
sus, we may be sure, did not use 
totus at all in his criticism), but 
phrases it in such a way as at once 
to remove its sting. 

2. bona: i.e.as measured by the 
tests of point, wit, variety, etc. ap- 
plied to the epigram; cf. 1. 16; 7.90. 

83. Ona barber who belied his 
name. Cf. 8. 52. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Eutrapelus (cf. eórpámeXos): 
prop. ‘Nimble’, a man who is skill- 
ful, who can tum himself to any- 
thing; here, however, the name 
is “xar’ ávríópasw fictum" (Van 
Stockum 59), i.e. given on the prin- 
ciple of contrasts. 

85. M. comments again on the 
difficulty of composing an array of 
epigrams all on a high level of ex- 
cellence; see 7. 81, with notes. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1-2. insulse: note the ety- 
mology, and cf. 1. 41. 16 N.; 3.99. 3- 


—tetrasticha...distichá: 
Greece affected not only the sub- 
ject-matter and the spirit, but also 
the rhetorical terminology of Latin 
literature. — belle: see on 1. 9; 
zy 7. 

3. nec = ef tamen non. — epi- 
grammata: sc.fazca,suggested by 
quaedam, Y, pauca, 2. 

. M. is resentful because 
Sextus omitted him from the list 
of guests invited to his birthday 
dinner. — Meter: § 49. 

1. natalicias dapes: the birth- 
day (xatalis dies), as sacred to the 
Genius, was carefully kept (cf. 7. 21, 
with notes); frequently there was 
a sacrifice to the Genius; cf. Iuv. 
11. 83-85. Sometimes the patron 
sought on this day to discharge 
his social obligations en masse by 
giving a cena publica; cf. 10. 27. 1-2. 
Inrecognition of the day the guests 
were expected to bring presents to 
the host. — dapes: the occasion 
would demand something fine; cf. 
3.45. 3 N. — vocabar: note the 
tense: ‘was invited year after year’; 
cf. 4. 


178 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7. 86. 2 


essem cum tibi, Sexte, non amicus : 
quid factum est, rogo, quid repente factum est, 
post tot pignora nostra, post tot annos 
5 quod sum praeteritus vetus sodalis ? 
Sed causam scio: nulla venit a me 
Hispani tibi libra pustulati 
nec levis toga nec rudes lacernae. 
Non est sportula, quae negotiatur ; 
10 pascis munera, Sexte, non amicos. 
Iam dices mihi ** Vapulet vocator "'. 


2. non amicus: much less a 
sodalis (5). 

4. pignora: sc. amicitiae.— 
nostra: freely, mzdual. Post... 
nostra = postquam inter nos tot pi- 
gnora dedimus. 

5. quod... praeteritus: cf. 
Cic. Phil. z. 16. 41 fratris filium 
practertit..., te quem numquam 
viderat aut certe numquam. saluta- 
verat fecit heredem.— vetus so- 
dalis: cf. 1. 15. 1 N.; 2. 30. 3. 

6. venit a me: i.e.*on your last 
birthday, if not on sundry like occa- 
sions’, 

7. Hispani... pustulati: ie. 
a piece of silver plate, weighing a 
pound. Cf. 10. 57. 1. — pustulati: 
prop. ‘blistered’. See Forcellini 
Lex. s.v. Pustula. The pustulae 
presumably appeared during the 
process of refining or as a result of 
that process; if so, render Pustulatz 
by'refined'. Forsilverasaproduct 
of Spain see Plin. N. H. 33. 96. 
Cf. 8. so. 6 niveum felix pustula 
vincit ebur; Suet. Ner. 44 (Nero) 
exegit ingenti fastidio et acerbitate 
nummum asperum, argentum. fu- 
stulatum. Since, however, 2ustulati 
ought to refer to the final appear- 
ance of the plate when it is sent to 
Sextus, the word may mean ‘blis- 
tered’ in the sense of ase7z; the 


Romans liked such plate. See on 
3. 35. 1. 

8. levis toga: a smooth toga, 
made of smooth thin cloth (cf. Zoga 
rasa, 2. 85. 4) or of cloth with long 
silky nap (¢oga fexa, 2. 58. 1). Toga 
trita (2.58.1),2721ae lacernae(7.92.7), 
are different. — rudes: unused, and 
so new. —lacernae: see 2. 29. 3 N. 

9. sportula: ie. ‘an actual 
(genuine) present', *true entertain- 
ment’. See 1. 20. 1; 3. 7. —quae 
negotiatur, which trades and 
traffics; a hospitality bestowed for 
value received or to gain an ex-, 
pected return is no hospitality at 
all. Cf. 6. 48; Sen. Ben. 4. 13. 3 ez 
est beneficium, quod in quaestum mit- 
titur — hoc dabo et hoc recipiam — 
auctio est. Notethe gender of quae; 
strictly, in such a generalizing for- 
mula we should have guod; thefem. 
is due to the attraction of the sub- 
ject pron. to the gender of the pred. 
noun (5fortz/a), the normal usage. 

Io. pascis...amicos: ‘it is 
for presents, not for friends, that 
your board is spread’ (Steph.). 
Sextus was of like mercenary mind 
with Clytus (8. 64), who multiplied 
birthdays for what was to be got 
out of them. 

11. Iam, dy this time, ‘when I 
have told you plainly what I think 


7. 88. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


88 


179 


Fertur habere meos, si vera est fama, libellos 
inter delicias pulchra Vienna suas : 

me legit omnis ibi senior iuvenisque puerque 
et coram tetrico casta puella viro. 

5 Hoc ego maluerim quam si mea carmina cantent 

qui Nilum ex ipso protinus ore bibunt, 

quam meus Hispano si me Tagus impleat auro 
pascat et Hybla meas, pascat Hymettos apes. 


of such treatment’. — dices mihi: 
the excuse was probably well-worn 
and not invented to suit a single 
case. — vocator = zzvitator, the 
slave who issued the invitations. 
In this sense the word seems to 
be as technical as zomenclator or 
dissignator. Cf. Plin. N. H. 35. 89 
Apelles invitatus (by the trick of a 
court fool) aZ cenam venit indzgnan- 
tigue Ptolemaeo et vocatores suos 
ostendenti, ut diceret a quo eorum 
invitatus esset, adrepto carbone ex- 
tincto e foculo imaginem (of the man 
who played the trick) zz pariete 
deliniavit; Suet. Calig. 39. 

88. M. pits the opinion of the 
literary world about himself against 
that of Lausus. Cf. 7. 81. For 
M.’s fame see 88 39-40. — Meter: 
$48. 

2. delicias: see I. 109. 5 N. — 
pulchra Vienna: on the Rhone, 
in Gallia Narbonensis (modern 
Vienne). Bythistime Latin writers 
were read everywhere throughout 
the provinces (Beck. z. 454; Marq. 
827-828); cf. 5. 13. 3; I. I. 1-2; 10. 
104; 8. 3. 4-8. 

4. tetrico ... viro: as zz» here 
= maritus, so Puella = uxor, with 
the further suggestion that the 
wife is young. Cf. 10. 35. 1. M. is 
adroitly insisting that his epigrams 
are above reproach; though the 


husband is stern and the wife young 
and chaste, she openly reads M.’s 
books. See r.4, with notes. 

s. Hoc... maluerim: a com- 
pliment to Vienna. That town was 
a near-by rival of Lugdunum (a lit- 
erary center: see Iuv. r. 44; Suet. 
Calig. 20), and M. may have in 
mind the whole region in which 
the two towns lay.— mea car- 
mina cantent: cf. 2. 7. 5; 3. 63. 5. 

6. qui... bibunt: the people 
inhabiting the ill-defined terra 
incognita lying to the south of civi- 
lized Africa, to which the name 
Aethiopia was applied. Cf. Lib. 
Spect. 3. 5 gui prima bibit deprensi 
flumina Nile. 

7. meus . .. Tagus: ie. ‘the 
stream of my native Spain'. The 
Tagus shared with the Pactolus, 
the Ganges, etc., the reputation of 
being gold-bearing; cf. 10. 17. 4; 
IO. 96. 3; 12. 2. 3; Luc. 7. 755 guid- 
quid Tagus expulit auri ; Iuv.3.55; 
14. 298-299; Otto s.v. Zagus. — 
me...impleat: ie. ‘were to en- 
rich me’. 

8. Hybla: see 5. 39. 3 N.; cf. 
Ov. Tr. 5. 6. 38 florida quam multas 
Hybla tuetur apes. — Hymettos: 
See 5. 37. IO N.; 13. 104 hoc fibi 
Thesei populatrix misit Hymetti 
Pallados a silvis nobile nectar 


apis. 


180 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7- 88. 9 


Non nihil ergo sumus nec blandae munere linguae 
1o decipimur: credam iam, puto, Lause, tibi. 


89 


I, felix rosa, mollibusque sertis 

nostri cinge comas Apollinaris, 

quas tu nectere candidas, sed olim — 
sic te semper amet Venus — memento. 


Iactat inaequalem Matho me fecisse libellum : 
si verum est, laudat carmina nostra Matho ; 

aequales scribit libros Calvinus et Umber: 
aequalis liber est, Cretice, qui malus est. 


10. credam ...tibi: ironical, 
and so to be interpreted by con- 
traries; M. really means that now 
he must believe that there are not 
thirty bad pieces in his book 
(7. 81. 1 Nj). We may, however, 
take M. seriously, by giving full 
heed to the note on ¢rigznta toto, 
7. 81. r. 

89. Domitius Apollinaris (see 
on 4. 86. 3) seems to have been 
popular. Plin. Ep. 2. 9, addressing 
him, says: dligerzs, coleris, frequen- 
laris. — Meter: § 49. 

1-2. I...-que...cinge: see 
I. 42. 6 N.; here there is, of course, 
no derisive force. Further, the 
conjunction is -gue, not e/, — felix: 
ie. in being thus distinguished. — 
rosa: see 5. 37. 9 N.; 5.64. 4 N. 

3. candidas = cum candidae 
factae erint. — sed olim: i.e. ‘but in 
future (= distant) days’. The two 
words contain a prayer that comae 
candidae will be long in coming to 
Apollinaris. For o/zm said of the 
future, a rare use, cf. Quint. Io. 
1. 104 vir saeculorum memoria di- 


gnus, qui olim nominabitur; Verg. 
A. 1. 20, 234. 

4. Sic, under those circum- 
stances, in that case, then, i.e. ‘if you 
fulfill my commands’. With sic... 
Venus cf. the use, common in the 
sermo familiaris, of amare in assev- 
erations, e.g. sic (/fa) me Juppiter 
amet (amabit). The rose was sacred 
to Venus; see Preller-Jordan 1. 433. 

90. Cf. 7. 81; 7. 85. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

1. Iactat, crzes wildly, flings 
abroad the statement; for iacto of 
wild utterance cf. e.g. Verg. A. 1. 
102 talza iactanti .. . procella velum 
adversa ferit. — Matho: cf. 4. 79 
for possible identification. For 
final é see § 54, c. 

3. aequales: ie. equally dull 
in all parts; successful only in 
maintaining a dull level of medi- 
ocrity (Saintsbury r. 261). — Cal- 
vinus: see App. 

Q2. ‘Baccara is always profuse 
in promising help, but is never able 
to see when help is needed’. Cf. 
2. 43. — Meter: $ 48. 


7. 96. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 181 


92 
«Si quid opus fuerit, scis me non esse rogandum " 


uno bis dicis, Baccara, terque die. 
Appellat rigida tristis me voce Secundus : 
audis et nescis, Baccara, quid sit opus ; 
s pensio te coram petitur clareque palamque : 
audis et nescis, Baccara, quid sit opus ; 
esse queror gelidasque mihi tritasque lacernas : 
audis et nescis, Baccara, quid sit opus. 
Hoc opus est, subito fias ut sidere mutus, 
10 dicere ne possis, Baccara, “Si quid opus ". 


Conditus hic ego sum, Bassi dolor, Urbicus infans, 


3. Appellat, duns; cf. Quint. 
5. I3. I2 heres eras et pauper et 
magna pecunia appellabaris a credi- 
toribus. — rigida tristis: juxta- 
position of cause and effect; for 
tristis see on 4. 44. 7. — Secundus: 
a money-lender; cf. 2. 44. 7 seplem 
milia debeo Secundo. 

4. et = el tamen. 

5. pensio: see 3. 38. 6 N.— 
Coram: withze. ‘Youcannot plead 
ignorance, for my landlord duns 
mebefore your very eyesand speaks 
in no whisper’. 

6. audis et nescis: the repe- 
tition (cf. 8) intensifies the sar- 
casm. 

7. tritas: the opposite of rudes, 
7. 86. 8; see note there. 

9. sidere: instr. abl; trans- 
late ‘that you may of a sudden 
be rendered dumb by (the influ- 
ence of) some star’. Cf. 2.7. 4N.; 
II. 85. 1 sidere percussa est subito 
tibi, Zotle, lingua; Liv. 8. 9. 12 ii 
haud secus quam pestifero sidere 
icti pavebant. The evil influence 


was called stderatio, a term first 
used of a blight upon vegetation, 
then applied to sudden paralysis ; 
see Plin. N. H. 17. 222. Belief in 
astrology was widespread at Rome. 

10. See App. 

96. Asepulchralepigram (§ 26); 
cf. 5. 34; 6. 28; 6.52. If M. wrote 
such epigrams for money (see 5. 34. 
Introd.), they may have been actu- 
allycut upon thetombs themselves. 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1. Conditus = sepultus. Cf. 
an epitaph on Vergil by Palladius 
(Bahr. P. L. M. 4. 133, p. 122) con- 
ditus hic ego sum, cuius modo ru- 
stica musa per silvas, per rus venit 
ad arma virum; Verg. A. 3. 67-68. 
— Bassi: perhaps Saleius Bassus; 
the poet, of whom Quint. 1o. 1. go 
says: vehemens et poeticum inge- 
nium Saleit Bassi fuit nec ipsum 
senectute maturuit. Tac. D. 5 calls 
him absolutissimus poeta. — dolor: 
see 6. 52. 2 N. — Urbicus: the 
name indicates that the babe was 
probably a verna or freed-child. 


182 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[7- 96. z 


cui genus et nomen maxima Roma dedit. 
Sex mihi de prima deerant trieteride menses, 
ruperunt tetricae cum male pensa deae. 


5 


Quid species, quid lingua mihi, quid profuit aetas ? 


Da lacrimas tumulo, qui legis ista, meo: 
sic ad Lethaeas, nisi Nestore serior, undas 
non eat, optabis quem superesse tibi. 


98 


Omnia, Castor, emis : sic fiet, ut omnia vendas. 


2. genus .. . dedit seems to 
mean that the child was born in 
Rome. — nomen: Urbicus. Rome 
is often called simply zzós (Urs), 
‘the City'. — maxima Roma: cf. 
Io. 58. 6; dominae ... Romae, 1. 
3. 3 N.; Prop. 4. 1. 1 maxima Roma. 

3. trieteride (cf. rpiermpís): the 
child was thirty months old. Cf. 
IO. 53. 3. 

4. ruperunt...deae: the god- 
desses are theParcae;see on 4.54.5; 
7. 47. 8. — tetricae: cf. 4. 73. 6 
moverunt tetricas tam pia vota deas; 
7. 88. 4.— male = maligne. See 
App.— pensa: cf. 4. 54.9 N. Verses 
3-4 give a good example of cum 
inversum; see A. 546,a; GL. 581; 
L. 1869. Cf. 8. 3. 9. 

5. species, deauty; cf. Curt. 7. 
9. 19 cum specie corporis aequaret 
Hephaestionem. — lingua, my baby 
voice. — aetas, my tender years. 

6. Da... meo: cf. 6. 28. 
10 N.—tumulo: cf. 4. 59. 6; 6. 
52. I. 

7. Sic:cf.7.89. 4 N.—Lethaeas 
...undas: see 7. 47. 4 N.; Verg. (?) 
Cul. 214-215 a£ mea manes viscera 
Lethaeas cogunt transnare per 
undas. — nisi...serior: ie. until 
he has surpassed Nestor's prover- 
bialage. Cf.5.58.5N.;6.70. 12N.; 
Sen. Apocol 4 vincunt Tithoni, 


vincunt et Nestoris ammos.— se- 
rior: see App. 

8. non eat: for zez in wishes 
or commands see on 2. 18. 8. — 
quem: verses 1-6 suggest /ilius 
(us) as antec. to guem, but M. 
has purposely made his language 
vague, to give it wider scope. To 
the Romans there was something 
peculiarly sad in the death of chil- 
dren (even adult children) before 
the death of the parents. With 
7-8, then, cf. e.g. Plaut. Asin. 16-19; 
Ter. Heau. 1030 ff.; Plin. Ep. 1. 12. 
I1 decessit superstitibus suzs 3.7.2; 
Iuv. 10. 241; Tac. Agr. 44; Cic. 
Cato M. 23.84; and many passages 
in the inscriptions. 

98. “If for mere wantonnes$ 
you buy so fast, For very want you 
must sell all at last" (Bouquet). — 
Meter: § 47. 

QQ. M.begs Crispinus to say to 
Domitian a good word for his book. 
Crispinus is the low-born Egyptian 
whom Juvenalso unmercifully casti- 
gates (1. 26-29) and who as a freed- 
man at Rome played his infamous 
part so well He was at first a 
fish-peddler, but became prixceps 
equitum, and apparently for a time 
praefectus oe under Domi- 
tian. See Mayor's notes on Iuv. 
1. 26-29. — Meter: $48. 


7. 99. 8] 


99 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


183 


Sic placidum videas semper, Crispine, Tonantem 
nec te Roma minus quam tua Memphis amet : 
carmina Parrhasia si nostra legentur in aula 
— namque solent sacra Caesaris aure frui —, 
5 dicere de nobis, ut lector candidus, aude : 
* Temporibus praestat non nihil iste tuis, 
nec Marso nimium minor est doctoque Catullo ". 
Hoc satis est: ipsi cetera mando deo. 


1. Sicis explained in full by the 
sz-sentence in 3-7. — placidum: sc. 
tibi. — semper: i.e. always, as at 
present; a timely wish at a period 
when men rose to favor or lost all 
at a tyrant's whim. — Tonantem: 
ie. Domitian, identified with Iup- 
piter Tonans; cf. sacra aure, 4; ipsi 
deo, 8; 4.8. 9 N.; 5.8. 1 N.; 9. 86.7 
aspice Tarpeium Palatinumque To- 
nantem; 12. 15. 6 haec sunt pocula 
quae decent Tonantem. 

2. Memphis = degyftus; see 
6.80. 3N. C£. verna Canopi, luv. 
1. 26, said of Crispinus. 

3. Parrhasia...aula: Do- 
mitian's palace on the Palatine. 
The name Parrhasia was applied 
to a part of Arcadia; hence — be- 
cause, said tradition, the Arcadian 
Evander settled on the Palatine — 
Parrhasius= Palatinus, ‘imperial’. 
Cf. 7. 56. 2 Parrhkasiam mira qui 
struts arte domum; 12. 15.1 quid- 


quid Parrhasia nitebat aula; Verg. 
A. 11. 31 Parrhasio Euandro. — 
aula = regia, Palatio; Prop. 4.11.5 
te licet orantem fuscae deus audiat 
aulae. 

4. Solent: sc. carmina nostra. 
—sacra...aure: cf. 4. 30. 3 N. 

5. dicere...aude: cf. 4. 8. 
7-12, with notes. — ut... candi- 
dus: i.e. as an impartial critic. Cf. 
2.71.1 N. 

6-7. non nihil = aZiguzd = ali- 
quid magnum.-——iste: ‘the man 
whose poems you are reading’; see 
on 1. 70. 18; 4. 49. 10. — Marso: 
see 2.71. 3 N.; 2.77. 5 N. —nimium 
= multo; a colloquialism.— docto 
...Catullo: see on 1. 61. 1; 1. 
109. 1; 2. 71. 31 4.14.13. For docto 
see I. 25.2 N. 

8. cetera: ie. ‘the propermone- 
tary or other recognition of my 
genius'. — deo: Domitian; see on 
Tonantem, Y, 


LIBER VIII 


* Quinque satis fuerant, nam sex septemve libelli 
est nimium : quid adhuc ludere, Musa, iuvat ? 
sit pudor et finis: iam plus nihil addere nobis 
Fama potest: teritur noster ubique liber, 
5 et cum rupta situ Messalae saxa iacebunt 
altaque cum Licini marmora pulvis erunt, 


3. M. adroitly excuses himself 
for writing more epigrams and for 
not undertaking the more serious 
and ambitious forms of poetry. In 
1-8 he seems to reply to the Muse, 
who has urged him to resume his 
writing; in 11-22 we have her con- 
vincing rejoinder. — Meter: § 48. 

2. adhuc — etiam nunc, still, yet. 
— ludere: see 1. 41. 19; 1. 113. 1; 
Sen. Epigr. 39. 2-3 (in Bahr. P. L. M. 
4. p- 72) /udere, Musa, iuvat: Musa 
severa, vale. Supply ze as subject; 
M. throws all responsibility on the 
Muse.— Musa: see on 9. 

4. teritur...liber: see on 
I.1. 1-2; 5.13. 31 7. 88. 2. Teritur 
-—ds thumbed, ds read; cf. 11. 3. 
3-4 N.; Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 91-92 aut 
quid haberet quod legeret tereretque 
viritim publicus usus? 

5-6. * My literary fame will out- 
last the splendid Mausolea of the 
rich!' — rupta situ...iacebunt, 
shall be corroded and shall lie in 
ruins. Here and in 10. 2. 9-12 (see 
notes) M. has his eye on Hor. C. 
3. 30. 1-2 exegi monumentum aere 
perennius regalique situ pyrami- 
dum altius, but in Horace situ prob. 
means ‘site’; he is thinking of 


‘pyramids built by the hand of 
kings’. — situ: prop. ‘position’ (cf. 
sino, pono, which contains szzo), 
then the mold that gathers on 
things that lie long in one position, 
then decay, corrosion, as here.— 
Messalae saxa: the cognomen 
Messala (Messalla) belonged to 
the most distinguished family of the 
Gens Valeria; of that family the 
most celebrated member was M. 
Valerius Messala Corvinus, orator, 
poet, historian, grammarian, pa- 
tron of letters, intimate friend of 
Tibullus (cf. Tib. 4. 1; passim), 
much esteemed by Horace. At 
Philippi he fought with the Repub- 
licans, but later sided with the 
Triumvirs and at Actium com- 
manded a part of Octavianus's 
fleet; he was consul in 31, but 
soon afterward retired to private 
life. — Licini: Licinus was one of 
the richest of the freedmen (see 2. 
29. Introd). Julius Caesar brought 
him from Gaul as a slave, and 
made him his adispensator, He was 
emancipated probably by Caesar's 
wil, for he is spoken of as a 
freedman of Augustus. Sent by 
Augustus in 15 B.C. to govern his 


184 


* 


8. 3. 14] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


185 


me tamen ora legent et secum plurimus hospes 
ad patrias sedes carmina nostra feret "'. 

Finieram, cum sic respondit nona sororum, 

10 cui coma et unguento sordida vestis erat : 

“Tune potes dulcis, ingrate, relinquere nugas ? 
Dic mihi, quid melius desidiosus ages ? 

an iuvat ad tragicos soccum transferre cothurnos, 
aspera vel paribus bella tonare modis, 


native Gaul, he'amassed enormous 
wealth by plundering it; cf. Sen. 
Ep. 120. 19 modo Licinum divitis, 
Apicium cenis, Maecenatem deliciis 
provocant; uv.1.109. His monu- 
ment on the Via Salaria near the 
second milestone was a show-piece. 

7. ora legent: cf. Ov. M. 15. 
877-878 quaque patet domitis Ro- 
mana potentia terris ore legar 
fopuli. On literature in the prov- 
inces see on 7. 88. r1. — plurimus 
hospes: see on I. 70. 6. 

8. feret: i.e. from Rome. 

9. Finieram cum: an example 
of cum inversum , see on 7. 96. 3-4. 
— nona sororum merely = one of 
the Muses nine, not the ninth (last) 
Muse. The reference is to Thalia, 
the patroness of comedy and lighter 
poetry in general; cf. 1.70.15; 2.22. 
1-2 quid mihi vobiscum est, o Phoebe 
novemque sorores? ecce nocet vati 
Musa iocosa suo; 12. 94. 3; 4. 8. 
12 N. 

10. cui...erat: cf. Ov. Am. 
3. 1. 5-7 hic ego dum spatior tectus 
nemoralibus umbris,quod mea quae- 
rebam Musa moveret opus; venit 
odoratos Elegeia mexa capillos. — 
sordida, streaming, drenched. 
Thalia, as the Muse of Comedy, is 
appropriately described in terms 
often used of those who are on 
pleasure bent; cf. e.g. the mention 
of perfumes in Horace in connection 
with feasts. 


it. Tune... nugas: ironical 
and indignant.—dulcis: i.e. ‘which 
Rome lovesto readand talk about’. 
Note the juxtaposition dulcis in- 
grate, M. fails after all to appre- 
ciate what he owes to the world 
for its favor (3 ff.); if he did not, 
he could not talk as in 1-3. 

12. desidiosus: cf. 1.107. 2 N. 
The vs. — eum desidiosus sis, nil 
melius ages. For the parataxis in 
this vs. see on zumquid .. . fecit, 
6. 8. 6. 

13. an: frequently used after 
such a question as that in 12, to 
set forth an alternative which to 
the writer is really unthinkable. 
Cf. e.g. Hor. S. 1. 10. 74-75 an tua 
demens vilibus in ludis dictari car- 
mina malis? —soccum ... co- 
thurnos: as the low-soled soccus 
worn by comicactors came to denote 
comoedia or light poetry in general 
(e.g. epigrams), so the high buskin 
(cothurnus) worn by tragic actors 
(at least in later times; see K. K. 
Smith in Harv. Stud. 16) came to 
stand for ¢vagoedia. Cf. e.g. 7. 63. 
5-6 N.; I2. 94. 3; Ov. Rem. Am. 
375-376 grande sonant tragici: 
tragicos decet ira cothurnos; usibus 
e mediis soccus habendus erit; Pont. 
4. 16. 29-30 Musague Turrani tra- 
gicis innixa cothurnis et tua cum 
socco Musa, Melisse, levi. 

14. aspera... modis: ie. to 
write epic poetry in hexameter 


186 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 3. 15 


15  praelegat ut tumidus rauca te voce magister 
oderit et grandis virgo bonusque puer ? 
Scribant ista graves nimium nimiumque severi, 
quos media miseros nocte lucerna videt. 
At tu Romano lepidos sale tinge libellos : 
20 adgnoscat mores vita legatque suos. 


verse. — paribus... modis: hex- 
ameters, which, as contrasted with 
the lines of the elegiac couplet, are 
approximately equalin length. Cf. 
Hor. A. P. 73-75 res gestae regum- 
que ducumque et tristia bella quo 
scribi possent numero monstravit 
Homerus: versibus impariter iunc- 
tis querimonia primum, post etiam 
inclusa est vott sententia compos; 
Ov. Tr. 2. 220 zmparzbus ... car- 
mina facta modis.—tonare, £o 
thunder forth. The verb is appro- 
priately used of the epic style, but 
it carries also, probably, a side 
thrust at the prevailing fashion of 
reading such poems at the reci- 
tations; cf. 7. 23. 1-2 cum bella 
tonanti ipse dares Latiae plectra 
secunda lyrae; Tuv. 1. 12-13 Fron- 
tonis platani convulsaque marmora 
clamant semper et adsiduo ruptae 
lectore columnae (Juvenal was writ- 
ing especially of tragedy and epos). 
M. may be thinking of Statius: see 
4. 49 3 Ni IT. 3. 8. 

15. praelegat . . . magister: 
‘that the pompous grammaticus 
may dictate your works till he is 
hoarse’, That magister = gram- 
maticus (see on 2. 7. 4) seems clear 
from 16. Oral teaching, dictation, 
and memory work played a greater 
part in ancient teaching than in 
our times. M. seems to have his 
eye on Hor. S. 1. 10. 74-75, cited 
on 13. On the use of the poets 
in Roman schools see Fried. SG. 
3. 378 ff.; Beck. 2. ror ff.; Marq. 
105 ff. — tumidus . . . magister: 


cf. I0. 104.16, though there magzster 
has a different sense; Ov. M. 8. 396 
talia magniloquo tumidus memora- 
verat ore. — rauca . . . voce, ZZ/ 
his voice ts hoarse, is proleptic, as in 
4. 8. 2; it gives the result of prae- 
Jegat. Cf. note on della tonare, 14. 
Raucus seems frequently to be 
contemptuous; cf. 4.8. 2; 1. 41. 9j 
7- 31. 1 raucae chortis aves. 

16. grandis virgo: cf. 3. 58. 40. 
— bonus: an important adj. here; 
even a well-behaved boy willloathe 
tragedy and epos. 

18. ‘Writers of such long-drawn- 
out epics haveto burn the midnight 
oil’. M. implies that time and toil 
enter more largely into such poetry 
than do genius and poetic art. Cf. 
Ov. Am. 3. 9. 29-30 durat opus va- 
tum: Troiani fama laboris tardaque 
nocturno tela retexta dolo; luv. 7.99 
perit hic (in the labor of historians) 
plus temporis atque olei. plus.— 
miseros: because of tedious and 
toilsome labors. — lucerna: prop. 
*amp', then socturnal labor; cf. 
Iuv. 1. 51 Aaec ego non credam Ve- 
nusina digna lucerna? 

19. Romanolepidos: see App. 
—lepidos sale: the former word 
may refer to the verse itself, the 
latter to the spice put into it. Cf. 
II. 20. 9-10 absoluis lepidos nimi- 
rum, Auguste, libellos, gui scis Ro- 
mana simplicitate logui.—sale: 
see I. 41. IÓ N. 

20. ‘Continue to hold a mirror 
up to nature and let society see 
itself’. Cf. 10. 4. 7-10 guid te vana 


8. 6. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


187 


Angusta cantare licet videaris avena, 
dum tua multorum vincat avena tubas ". 


Dum donas, Macer, anulos puellis, 
desisti, Macer, anulos habere. 


Archetypis vetuli nihil est odiosius Aucti 
— ficta Saguntino cymbia malo luto —, 


Zuvant miserae ludibria chartae? 
Hoc lege quod possit dicere vita 
“Meum est". Non hic Centauros, 
non Gorgonas Harpyiasque inve- 
nites: hominem pagina nostra sapit. 
For M.’s realism see §§ 30-31. 

21. Angusta...avena: the 
shepherd’s reed-pipe, an insignifi- 
cant, weak instrument, compared 
with the big, loud ¢wéa; cf. e.g. Ov. 
Tr. 5. 10. 25 pastor iunctis pice 
cantat avenis; Verg. E. 1. 2 silve- 
strem tenui Musam meditaris 
avena. Avena here symbolizes the 
simple, lowly themes of common 
life, zwbas (22) the ‘lofty’ subject- 
matter of heroic epos and tragedy. 
—videaris: ie. to the uncritical 
and the thoughtless. The vs. = 
‘let men think of you as playing 
on’, etc. 

.22. dum, provided that. M.has 
in fact eclipsed Silius, Statius, Lu- 
can,and Valerius Flaccus.—tubas: 
the tuba was the trumpet used by 
infantry, and so well symbolizes 
heroic (epic) poetry. 

5. The equites had the right to 
wear the angustus clavus on the tu- 
nic, and the zus anuli aurez. Ma- 
cer, however, has squandered so 
much money in rings given to girls 
of the demi-monde that he has 
lost the equestrian census, i.e. he 


hasnot enough left toentitle him to 
wear the gold ring. — Meter: $ 49. 

r. puellis: cf. azezcas, 4. 24.1. 

2. desisti.. . habere: cf. Iuv. 
1I. 42-43 lalibus u dominis post 
cuncta novissimus exit anulus et 
digito mendicat Pollio nudo. 

. M/s complaint is twofold: 
Auctus shows bad taste in dilating 
on his rare plate and in serving 
poor wine. The poet insinuates 
also that Auctus lies about his 
plate. Cf. 3. 35. I N.; 4. 39, with 
notes; 7. I9 (on a pretended frag- 
ment of the ship Argo); 14. 93; 
Hor. S. 2. 3. 20-21 olim nam quae- 
rere amabam quo vafer ille pedes 
lavisset Sisyphus aere; Petr. 52. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

1. Archetypis, originals, an- 
tigues, or what passed for such 
(see on 4. 39. 2-5). — vetuli, o/dzsh ; 
the dim. is contemptuous. Auctus 
seems as old as his plate! — odio- 
sius, more of a bore. — Aucti: see 
App. 

2. ficta... luto: honest earthen- 
ware is preferable to fictitious plate. 
For ficta see on 1. 53. 6. — Sagun- 
tino... luto: Saguntine earthen- 
ware was good; cf. 14. 108. 2 sume 
Saguntino pocula facta luto; luv. 
5. 29, cited on 7. — cymbia (cf. 
kvu[ilov): bowls without handles, 


188 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 6. 3 


argenti fumosa sui cum stemmata narrat , 
garrulus et verbis mucida vina facit : 
5s * Laomedonteae fuerant haec pocula mensae: 
ferret ut haec muros-struxit Apollo lyra ; 
hoc cratere ferox commisit proelia Rhoetus 
cum Lapithis: pugna debile cernis opus ; 


deep but long, bearing more or less 
resemblance to a skiff. 

3-4. fumosa, smoke-begrimed, 
ie. ‘time-honored’, ‘genuine’. Cf. 
z. 90. 7 N.; Sen. Ep. 44. 5 ze facit 
nobilem atrium plenum fumosis 
imaginibus; Luv.8.7-9 (guis fructus) 
posthac multa contingere virga fu- 
mosos equitum cum dictatore magt- 
stros, si coram Lepidis male vivitur. 
See App.— stemmata (cf. créupa), 
family trees. The word prop. = 
*chaplets', ‘wreaths’. Here, how- 
ever, it is used of pedigrees, genea- 
logical charts painted on the 
walls of the atria of distinguished 
families; the names in these charts 
were surrounded by painted gar- 
lands and were joined together in 
such a way as to make clear the 
interrelations of the members of 
the family. The stemmata were 
distinct from the zmagines (2. 90. 
6 N.); see Duff on Iuv. 8. 1; Len- 
drumin Hermathena 6. 360. Hence 
stemmata frequently = zobility, 
high birth, as here; cf. 4. 40. 1 atria 
Pisonum stabant cum stemmate 
toto; Yuv.8. 1 stemmata quid faciunt, 
quid prodest, Pontice, longo sanguine 
censeri.—narrat garrulus: Auctus 
talks much because after all his 
plate is not genuine; he tries by a 
wealth of details to carry convic- 
tion. Besides, his garrulity is a 
natural failing of the vezulus (1). 
—verbis... facit: for politeness’ 
sake the guests must listen and 
praise, without drinking (15-16). 
Meanwhile the wine becomes vapid. 


5. Laomedonteae... men- 
sae: the cups were part of the 
table service of Laomedon, father 
of Priam! Elsewhere also a form 
of Laomedonteus begins the verse 
and the noun ends it; cf. Verg. G. 
I. 502 Laomedonteae . . . Troiae; 
Ov. M. 11. 196 Laomedonteis ... 
arvis. See Wagner Io, and note 
on I. I. 3. — haec: Auctus points 
to each object as he speaks; cf. 
hoc, 7, hi, 9, hic, 11, hac, 13. Who 
can doubt when the owner is so 
explicit ? 

6. haec: identical with Zaec, 5. 
According to one account Neptune 
and Apollo had to build the walls 
of Troy as a punishment for having 
conspired with Juno against Jupiter. 
—struxit... lyra: cf. Ov. Her. 
16. 179-180 Llion adspicies firma- 
lague turribus altis moenia, Phoe- 
beae structa canore lyrae. 

7-8. At the wedding feast of 
Pirithous, king of the Lapithae,” 
and Hippodamia, the chief Cen- 
taurs were guests. An attempt by 
one of the Centaurs to steal the 
bride led to a fierce conflict. — 
hoc cratere: such a mixer would 
serve a Centaur well as an extem- 
porized weapon. Cf.Iuv. 5. 26-29 
zurgia proludunt, sed mox et pocula 
torques saucius et rubra deterges 
vulnera mappa, inter vos quotiens 
Jibertorumque cohortem pugna Sa- 
guntina fervet commissa lagona; 
Petr. 74 Trimalchio contra offensus 
convicio calicem im faciem Fortu- - 
natae immisit; Verg. G. 2. 455-457 


8. 6. 16] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


189 


hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi: 
10 pollice de Pylio trita columba nitet ; 
hic scyphus est, in quo misceri iussit amicis 
largius Aeacides vividiusque merum ; 
hac propinavit Bitiae pulcherrima Dido 
in patera, Phrygio cum data cena viro est”. 
15 Miratus fueris cum prisca toreumata multum, 
in Priami calathis Astyanacta bibes. 


alle furentes Centauros leto domutt, 
Rhoetumque Pholumque et magno 
Hylaeum Lapithis cratere minan- 
tem.—ferox: cf. Luc. 6. 390 Rhoete 
ferox; Ov. M.12.235-244.— debile, 
weakened, i.e. dented, mutilated 
(because of misuse); cf. 7. 20. 12 
debilis boletus, said of a mushroom 
that has been bitten. — cernis 
opus: can any man refuse to be- 
lieve what he sees? — opus: the 
crater; c£. 3. 35. 1 N. 

9. longaevo.. . Nestore: i.e. 
because Nestor once owned them. 
See 5.58.5; 6. 70. 12.—censentur: 
see 1. 61. 3 N.; Luv. 8. 1, cited on 3. 
—fundi, cups. Fundus prop. = 
‘the bottom’ of anything; here, 
however, the part seems put for the 
whole (synecdoche), the depth of the 
vessel being emphasized. Auctus 
professes to have the famous 
drinking-cup of Nestor, which, 
according to Hom. Il. 2. 622 ff., 
had two fundi (mv6uéves) and four 
handles (obara). 

IO. pollice... nitet: the same 
visible proof asin 8. 'The thumb of 
the user would rub on the columba 
which ornamented the handle. 

1i. scyphus (cf. cxtgos): a big 
deep tankard; no ordinary oculum 
would serve such a hero. Cf. Sen. 
Ep. 83. 23 intemperantia bibendi et 
ile Herculaneus ac fatalis scyphus 
condidit (Alexandrum); Hor. Epod. 


9. 33 capaciores adfer huc, puer, 
scyphos. 

12. largius... vividius: M. 
has in mind Hom.Il. 9. 201 ff. The 
scyphus is a crater in Homer; we 
seem here to have a slip on the part 
of Auctus. ‘Perhaps M. means 
a sneer at the ignorance of his 
host" (Steph.). — Aeacides: here 
Achilles. 

13-14. propinavit: cf. 2. 15. 1-2 
quod nulli calicem tuum propinas, 
humane facis, Horme, non superbe. 
— Bitiae... patera: cf. Verg. A. 
1.723-740 for the banquet given by 
Dido to Aeneasat Carthage. Verses 
737-738 explain propznavizt; in 
Greece and Rome one who would 
drink another’s health drank lightly 
first himself and then passed the 
cup to the one whom he would 
honor. The other must drain the 
cup.— pulcherrima Dido: cf. 
Verg. A. 1. 496 forma pulcherrima 
Dido; 4. 60.— patera: a round 
saucerlike vessel (the gidAn).— 
Phrygio... viro: Aeneas; in 
Verg. A. 4. 103 Aeneas is Phrygio 
marito. 

rs. Miratus fueris: i.e. 'shall 
have expressed your wonder in 
words of praise’; mirari here = 
admirari.— prisca toreumata: 
cf. 3. 35. I N. 

16. Priami calathis: i.e. old 
enough to have been owned by 


190 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 9. 1 


Solvere dodrantem nuper tibi, Quinte, volebat 
lippus Hylas, luscus vult dare dimidium. 

Accipe quam primum ; brevis est occasio lucri : 
si fuerit caecus, nil tibi solvet Hylas. 


Emit lacernas milibus decém Bassus 
Tyrias coloris optimi: lucri fecit. 


*Adeo bene emit?" inquis. 


Priam.— calathis (cf. káAaBos): 
prop. vase-shaped baskets for fruit, 
wool, etc. But the word was used 
for drinking-cups of similar shape; 
cf. 9. 50. 15; 14. 107. I-2 20s (=cala- 
thos) Satyri, nos Bacchus amat, nos 
ebria tigris, perfusos domini lambere 
docta pedes. — Astyanacta bibes: 
ie. new (and here inferior) wine, 
wine as young as Astyanax, son of 
Hector, grandson of Priam. Such 
wealth and such plate demand wine 
of corresponding value and excel- 
lence. Cf. 10. 49. 3-5 propinas 
modo conditum Sabinum et dicis 
mihi, Cotta, * Vis in auro?" | Quis- 
quam plumbea vina volt in auro? 
9. A fling at Hylas, who will 
not pay his debts. — Meter: $ 48. 
1, Solvere dodrantem: i.e. to 
pay three fourths of a sum due. 
Solvereis often used of paying debts. 
2. lippus, d/ear-eyed, i.e. when 
he was but half blind (in one eye: 
seenextnote). TheRomansoften 
used Zif$us in derision because they 
thought that Z22ztudo was due to 
irregular living; see Kiessling on 
Hor. S. 1. 1. 120. —luscus, oze- 
eyed, i.e. when he had entirely lost 
the sight of the eye affected. 
3. brevis. . . lucri: aphoristic 
in ring; cf. Pub. Syr. 449 occaszo 
aegre offertur, facile amittitur; 


Immo: non solvet. 


Cato Dist. 2. 26 /ronte capillata, 
post est occasto calva (cf. Eng. ‘take 
time by the forelock’). 

IO. On Bassus's easy way of 
providing himself with fine clothes. 
— Meter: $ 52. 

1. lacernas: if we take the pl. 
literally, we shall regard Bassus as 
a dandy who must have a large 
supply of clothes with a proper 
range of color; see on 2. 29. 3; 2. 
43. 7. The pl. may, however, be 
pluralis mazestatis (see on 1.70. 5); 
in that case Bassus bought but one 
lacerna. — milibus decem: ie. 
at 10,000 sesterti? apiece (if the first 
view suggested on /acerzas above 
iscorrect). Cf.4. 61. 4-5 dum fabu- 
lamur, milibus decem dixti emptas 
lacernas munus esse Pompullae; 
Fried. SG. 3. 72 ff.; Marq. 509 ff. 

2. coloris optimi: cf. 2. 29. 3 N. 
— lucri fecit: despite the price he 
hasmade money. Lucr7is pred. gen. 
of possession, ‘made... gain’s’; 
cf. compendi facere, ‘shorten’. 

3. Adeo bene: i.e. so shrewdly, 
at such a good bargain; cf. Sen. 
Ben. 6. 15. 4 practerea nihil vendi- 
tori debet qui bene emit. Contrast 
male emere. —Ymmo: see 1.10. 3N. 
—non solvet: his shrewdness 
consists not in buying well but in 
avoiding payment. See on 8.9. 1. 


8. 13.2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I9I 


Uxorem quare locupletem ducere nolim 
quaeritis? uxori nubere nolo meae. 
Inferior matrona suo sit, Prisce, marito: 
non aliter fiunt femina virque pares. 


Morio dictus erat: viginti milibus emi. 
Redde mihi nummos, Gargiliane : sapit. 


12. M. tells his friend Teren- 
tius Priscus (see 12. 3) why he does 
not marry a Roman fortune. — 
Meter: § 48. 

2. uxori... meae involves 
a very fine play on vzzo nubere, the 
phrase ordinarily used of a woman's 
marriage; contrast zz matrimonium 
ducere, uxorem ducere, said of the 
man. *When I marry’, says M., ‘I 
don't propose to play the woman's 
part’. Cf. xo. 69. 1-2 custodes das, 
Polla, viro, non accipis ipsa: hoc 
est uxorem. ducere, Polla, virum 
(uxorem is subject). Roman com- 
edy shows many examples of hus- 
bands in subjection to richly 
dowered wives; cf. e.g. Plaut. Men. 
766-767; Asin., passim. 

3. Inferior... marito: ie. 
ready to do his will, as the rich 
wife of a poor man, who feels her 
financial independence, is not apt 
to do; cf. Ov. Her. 9. 32 sz qua 
voles apte nubere, nube pari; Iuv. 
6.460, 136-141; Hor. C. 3. 24. 19-20 
nec (among the tribes of the North) 
dotata regit virum coniunx nec 
nitido fidit adultero. Several hun- 
dred years before M.’s time Anax- 
andrides had written: révys... rijv 
yvvatka TAovclav Aagàv exer 0£- 
omroway, od yuvatk’ &ri.. See Fried. 
SG. x. 468 ff. 

I3. Evencultured Romans had 
a strange liking for fools, dwarfs, 


idiots, jesters, especially if some 
physical deformity was added to a 
mental defect or peculiarity (cre- 
tins); Suetonius takes pains to note 
(Aug. 93) that Augustus did not 
share this liking. They were much 
in evidence at meal-times, when 
they were subjected to all sorts of 
insult and abuse. Cf. such words 
as scurra, nanus, fatuus, morio, and 
see Beck. 2. 148 ff. Cf. also the 
court fools of medizval times. M. 
feels that he was cheated by Gar- 
gilianus (a praeco or mango), be- 
cause the ‘fool’ for whom he had 
paid a large price turned out to 
have good sense and was therefore 
worth no more than an average 
slave. M. can hardly be writing of 
himself; the keeping of such fools 
was a luxury, and the price named 
in r was high. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Morio (cf. uepós), az arrant 
fool, a real idiot; cf. Aug. Ep. 26 
quidam tantae sunt fatuitatis, ut non 
multum a pecoribus differant, quos 
moriones vulgo vocant. — viginti 
milibus: 20,000 sestertii7. See 
Marq. 173 ff.; Beck. 2. 148 ff. 

2. nummos: see I. 66. 4 N. 

I4. To an unnamed patron, 
who took better care of his plants 
and fruit-trees than of his clients. 
On the ford of the rich see 6. 80. 
3N.; Mayor's exhaustive note on 
Iuv. 1. 75. — Meter: § 48. 


192 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


14 


[8. 14. 1 


| Pallida ne Cilicum timeant pomaria brumam 
mordeat et tenerum fortior aura nemus, 
hibernis obiecta Notis specularia puros 
admittunt soles et sine faece diem, 
5 at mihi cella datur non tota clusa fenestra, 


1. Pallida: not inaptly used of 
the greenish-yellow color of grow- 
ing things; cf. yAwpés and the note 
on I.41. 4. — pomaria: prop. ‘fruit- 
gardens','orchards'. lf the word 
bears this sense here, the identity 
of the trees in these Czlicum... 
pomariaisunknown. The Romans 
understood the use of hot-houses 
to which the sun was admitted 
through glass or mica; cf. 6. 80, with 
notes; 8. 68; Plin. N. H. 19. 64. 
Some, however, have held that the 
pomaria did not contain fruit-trees, 
but oriental saffron plants (crocus: 
see Hehn 255ff.), the Crocus sativus, 
popularamong the Romans because 
of its odor and its yellow hue, seen 
in the stigmas; among Orientals it 
vied with purple as a dye. The 
best came from Cilicia; cf. 3. 65. 2 
quod de Corycio (‘Cilician’) guae 
venit aura croco. But nemus, 2, 
and eréoris, 8, point rather to trees 
than to plants; besides, the Crocus 
is (at least to-day) very hardy. 
If, then, M. had the Crocus in mind, 
he was using Jomarza loosely, and 
exaggerating in zemus and arboris, 
and was using texerum, z, ironic- 
ally, representing his patron as 
taking particular care of a plant 
hardy enough to look after itself. 
— brumam: see 3. 58.8 N. 

2. mordeat, z^ w7th frost; cf. 
Hor. S. 2. 6. 45 matutina parum 
cautos iam frigora mordent; Shake- 
speare, Hamlet 1. 4. 1, ‘The air bites 
shrewdly; it is very cold". — tene- 
rum: i.e. not indigenous to Italy, 


flourishing only in an Oriental 
clime. 

3-4. hibernis... Notis: a 
southern exposure enabled the 
hot-house to profit to the fullest 
extent by the winter sun. —specu- 
laria: window-panes made of talc 
or mica (‘isinglass’, Jagés specu- 
laris; the best came from Spain 
and Cappadocia) or glass (vztrum). 
They were in common use. Cf. 
Plin. Ep. z. 17. 4 egregium hae 
(porticus) adversus tempestates 
receplaculum, nam specularibus ac 
multo magis imminentibus tectis 
muniuntur, Beck. 2. 315; Marq. 
757-758.— puros ... soles: cf. 
4. 64. 9 N. — sine faece: the prep. 
phrase here — an adj., a usage not 
uncommon in Silver Latin, esp. in 
phrases with s7ze. — diem = /ucem. 

5. cella, dez, garret, cabinet, a 
marked contrast to a house big 
enough for a.zemus (2). Cella is 
always used of a small apartment, 
frequently of the abode of a poor 
man, or slave, or prostitute; cf. 


Eng. ‘cell’; 3. 30. 3 /scae pensio 


cellae, Luv. 7. 28 gui facis in parva 
sublimia carmina cella. —non... 
fenestra: ie. ‘not only are my 
quarters contracted, but they are 
not tight at that: the one window 
admits cold wind'.— non tota, 
incomplete, ill-fitted. For the phrase 
non totus cf. 9.68.9; 9.82.5. Mon 
... fenestra is really oxymoric; we 
should say, far less effectively, 
‘but imperfectly closed (ie. pro- 
tected) by its window’. 


* 


8. 18. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


I93 


in qua nec Boreas ipse manere velit. 
Sic habitare iubes veterem crudelis amicum ? 
arboris ergo tuae tutior hospes ero. 


17 


Egi, Sexte, tuam pactus duo milia causam : 
misisti nummos quod mihi mille, quid est ? 

* Narrasti nihil " inquis “et a te perdita causa est ". 
Tanto plus debes, Sexte, quod erubui. 


18 


Si tua, Cerrini, promas epigrammata vulgo, 


6. nec: see on I. 109. 20. — 
Boreas = A4guzlo, the very wind 
that brings lowering or wet weather 
and cold. Cf. 7. 36. 5. 

7. veterem is here used most 
strictly, of something that has long 
existed and still exists; cf. Hor. S. 
2. 6. 80-81 rusticus urbanum ma- 
rem mus paupere fertur accepisse 
cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum. 
The position of amicum empha- 
sizes M.’s question. 

8. arboris: collective sing.; see, 
4.64. 32 N. — tutior: ie. ‘in less 
danger of perishing than in my 
windy garret'. Cf. 7. 36 in full. — 
hospes: pred. nom., as a guest. 

17. The protest of a lawyer 
who wanted a thousand sesterces 
as a relief to his feelings. For M. 
as a lawyer see $9fin. But M. 
need not be speaking of himself; 
see 8. 13. Introd. — Meter: $ 48. 

I. pactus duo milia: on law- 
yers’ fees see 1. 76. Introd.; 1. 
98. 2 N.; Fried. SG. 1. 327 ff. 

2. nummos: cf. 1. 66. 4 N. — 
quod: see 2.11.1N.; 3.44. I. The 
vs. — * What do you mean by send- 
ing’, etc. 

3. Narrasti nihil: *you made 
no statement of facts even, much 


less did you make a plea’. This 
interpretation rests on the use 
of zarratio as a technical term of 
rhetoric for a formal statement of 
facts; such a statement is a neces- 
sary part of alawyer's plea. It may 
well be, however, that Sextus was 
using arrastz in the sense explained 
in the note on 3. 46. 7; if so, the 
sense is: ‘what you said was worth- 
less, yes, worse than worthless (a ze 
... est)’, Sextus, then, charges M. 
at first with leaving his casezzdizcta, 
then with deliberately betraying it. 

4. quod erubui (sc. zarrare): 
ie. ‘because I was ashamed to 
* make a statement" of so shame- 
less a case, and so saved you more 
than you would have won, had you 
gained your case at such a cost’. 

18. Cerrinius was one of the 
many poetasters whose verses have 
long since perished. M.’s high- 
flown praise is not to be taken 
in such cases at its face value. — 
Meter: $48. 

I. promas...vulgo suggests 
that Cerrinius has an abundant 
store of epigrams on which he can 
draw at will, as a butler or house- 
wife draws on the supply of wine; 
cf. e.g. Hor. Epod. 2. 47 e£ horna 


194 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 18. 2 


vel mecum possis vel prior ipse legi, 
sed tibi tantus inest veteris respectus amici, 
carior ut mea sit quam tua fama tibi. 
5 Sic Maro nec Calabri temptavit carmina Flacci, 
Pindaricos nosset cum superare modos, 
et Vario cessit Romani laude cothurni, 
cum posset tragico fortius ore loqui. 
Aurum et opes et rura frequens donabit amicus : 
10 qui velit ingenio cedere, rarus erit. 


dulci vina promens dolio; Plaut. 
Pseud. 608 condus promus sum, 
procurator peni. 

z. vel...legi: see App.— vel 
...vel is effective; it implies that 
the choice lies with Cerrinius him- 
self. — mecum: as an equal.— 
prior (we): as even superior. 

3. veteris . amici: cf. 8. 


14.7 N. 
5. Maro: Vergil; cf. 1. 61. 2 N. 
— Calabri...carmina Flacci: 


i.e. Horace's lyric poetry. ' Horace, 
however, was not a Calabrian; he 
was born at Venusia, near the 
boundary between Lucania and 
Apulia. Hence he says (S. 2. 1. 34), 
perhaps with a touch of humor, 
sequor hunc (= Lucilius), Lucanus 
an Apulus anceps; cf. 12.94. 5. M. 
seems strangely ignorant or care- 
less at times in matters of fact. 
He gives Arpi, instead of Arpinum, 
as the birthplace of Cicero (4. 55). 
See also on 1. 61. 5; $35fin. For 
Horace see also I. 107. 4. 

6. Pindaricos. .. modos: as 
if to show how easily Vergi] might 
have distanced Horace in lyric 
poetry, M. says that he could have 
eclipsed Pindar himself, with 
whom Horace expressly disclaimed 
rivalry (C. 4. 2. 1-4,25-32). Pindar, 
a Greek lyric poet, of Thebes in 
Boeotia (about 520-450 B.C.), was 


consummate master of every form 
of lyric poetry. — modos: cf. Hor. 
C. 4. 2. 9-12; Ep. t. 3. 12-13 fidé- 
busne Latinis Thebanos aptare mo- 
dos studet auspice Musa, an... ? 

7. Vario: L. Varius Rufus, 
friend of Maecenas, Vergil, and 
Horace, one of the literary execu- 
tors of Vergil, was, at the begin- 
ning of the Augustan epoch, the 
greatest epic writer at Rome. 
He distinguished himself also in 
tragedy; his Thyestes, which was 
acted at the games held in honor 
of Actium and for which Augustus 
paid him a million sesterces, in 
public opinion divided with Ovid's 
Medea the honor of being the 
greatest Roman tragedy. See e.g. 
8. 55. 21; 12. 3; Hor. S. 1. 10. 43; 
C. 1.6; Quint. ro. 1. 98. — laude: 
abl. of specification, or, better, abl. 
of separation, ‘yielded from’, etc. 
— cothurni: cf. 8. 3. 18 v. 

8. fortius: frequently used as 
a rhetorical term with reference to 
vigor of style.— ore: cf. Hor. C. 
4. 2. 7-8. fervet. inmensusque ruit 
profundo Pindarus ore. 

9. frequens... . amicus: cf. 
14. I22. I ante frequens, sed nunc 
rarus nos donat amicus. 

zo. ingenio cedere: this de- 
mands a personal sacrifice, which 
the giving of aurum, opes, or rura 


* 


8. 24. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


195 


Esse tibi videor saevus nimiumque gulosus, 
qui propter cenam, Rustice, caedo cocum: 
si levis ista tibi flagrorum causa videtur, 
ex qua vis causa vapulet ergo cocus ? 


Si quid forte petam timido gracilique libello, 
inproba non fuerit si mea charta, dato, 


does not of necessity involve. — 
With the epigram as a whole cf. 
II. IO. 1-2 contulit ad saturas zn- 
gentia pectora Turnus. Cur non ad 
Memoris carmina? Frater erat. 

23. M. explains why he beat 
his cook. — Meter: § 48. 

i. gulosus: cf. 7. 20. 1-2 xzhil 
est miserius neque gulosius Santra. 
Rectam vocatus cum cucurrit ad 
cenam, etc.; 3. 22. 5 N. See also 
on I. 20. 3. 

2. Rustice: perhaps a jeering 
epithet, rather than true name, 
‘you simple fool’, ‘you rustic, 
unacquainted with the ways of city 
folk'.— caedo: we get the best 
effect by taking this word at its 
fullest value, of cutting through the 
skin (see on /fagrum, 3), though 
in practice caedo often bore a sense 
less severe, even when used of flog- 
ging. The vs. thus = ‘for meting 
out punishment so severe for of- 
fense so trifling’. 

3. levis: in sharp contrast to 
agrorum. The flagrum or flagel- 
Ium (ironical diminutive) was a cat 
o' nine tails, or knout, at times 
knotted with bits of metal or bone. 
Verbs like caedere, scindere, rum- 
fere, and secare are used to de- 
Scribe its effect; cf. Hor. S. 1. 3. 119 
horribili... flagello; 1. 2. 41-42 ile 
flagellis ad mortem caesus. 


4. exqua...causa:ie.except 
failure to get up good dinners. M. 
grimly challenges Rusticus's esti- 
mate of the value of a ceza and of 
the shortcomings of a cook who 
fails to do his duty. —vis.. va- 
pulet: for syntax see on vis zuzt- 
lam, 1.117. 2. With the epigram 
as a whole cf. 3. 43. 1-4; 3.94. 1-2 
esse negas coctum leporem poscisque 
flagella : mavis, Rufe, cocum scin- 
dere quam leporem , Petr. 49. 

24. ‘Olympian Zeus does not 
resent petition, even though he 
must deny the request. Our mun- 
dane Jupiter should not do less’. 
See 4. 8.8; 7. 99; $8. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

i. timido: cf. 5.6. 7-8 admittas 
timidam brevemque chartam intra 
limina sanctioris aulae. — gracili: 
used with ZZe//o in the more gen- 
eral sense of that word (cf. 1. 1. 3; 
I3. 3. 1 Zn hoc gracili Xeniorum 
... &bello), though M. seems to be 
thinking also of Zeus = ‘peti- 
tion’. Cf. 5. 6 throughout. 

2. inproba: prop. ‘not accord- 
ing to the standard'; here, accord- 
ing to the sense of Z/e//o (1), it = 
lacking in literary merit, or, morally 
bad (and so calculated to offend 
Domitian as cezser morum: see 
I. 4. Introd.), or, aunoying, rude, 
unreasonable. 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 24. 3 


et si non dederis, Caesar, permitte rogari: 
offendunt nunquam tura precesque Iovem. 

5 Qui fingit sacros auro vel marmore vultus, 

non facit ille deos: qui rogat, ille facit. 


29 


Disticha qui scribit, puto, vult brevitate placere: 
: quid prodest brevitas, dic mihi, si liber est? 


Aéra per tacitum delapsa sedentis in ipsos 
fluxit Aratullae blanda columba sinus. 
Luserat hoc casus, nisi inobservata maneret 

permissaque sibi nollet abire fuga. 


3. permitte rogari: for inf. 
with permitto see Soed. 16, for 
many examples; cf. e.g. 10. 30. 25. 

5-6. ‘The true worshiper is not 
the man whois content with making 
a graven image of his god, but the 
man who prays to him because he 
believes that the god can and will 
answer prayer’. 

5. fingit: the verb is used pri- 
marily of what is fashioned in clay; 
it especially designates the work 
of men’s hands. 

29. On true brevity. ‘Brevity 
becomes prolixity when a man who 
writes epigrams because the epi- 
gram is short and so more likely to 
be read writes a whole book of 
them’. Cf. 7. 85; 1. 110. 1-2 sezz- 
bere me quereris, Velox, epigram- 
mata longa. Ipse nihil scribis: tu 
breviora facis. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Disticha: cf. 2. 77. 8; 2. 
71. 2; 7. 85. r N. 

2. quid... brevitas, of what 
profit zs this brevity? — si liber 
est: cf. 7. 85. 3. 

32. The Roman, by nature 
superstitious, was prone to see 


something supernatural or prog- 
nostic in anything unusual, espe- 
cially in connection with the flight 
of birds. M. would have Aratulla 
see in the circumstances described 
in this epigram an omen of her 
brother's return from exile in Sar- 
dinia, and in the same words veils 
a delicate petition to the emperor 
to recall him. — Meter: $ 48. 

1-2. Aéra...delapsa: the 
dove was not driven by stress of 
weather to seek refuge, but came of 
itsownaccord. Delapsa and ffuxit* 
finely picture the easy, gentle 
(unaffrighted, voluntary) movement 
of the "bird. — blanda columba: 
Cf. 11. IO4. 9 basta me capiunt blan- 
das imitata columbas; Ov. Am. 2. 
6. 56 oscula dat cupido blanda 
columba mari (‘its mate’). The fact 
that Venus’s own bird comes to 
Aratulla hints at her charms. — 
sinus, dosom, or, more probably, 
lap (gremium); see on 1. 15. 10. 

3-4. Luserat...nisi: 'this 
had been a mere freak of chance 
(as it was not), but for the fact 
that’,etc. Forthe mood of Zuserat 


8. 43. 1] 


5 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


197 


Si meliora piae fas est sperare sorori 
et dominum mundi flectere vota valent 


5 


haec a Sardois tibi forsitan exulis oris, 
fratre reversuro, nuntia venit avis. 


35 


Cum sitis similes paresque vita, 
uxor pessima, pessimus maritus, 
miror non bene convenire vobis. 


43 


Effert uxores Fabius, Chrestilla maritos, 


see on 5. 34. 5-6. — hoc: aac. of 
effect (inner object); see on 5. 66. 2. 
—inobservata: i.e. though not 
detained in any way. — maneret 

. . nollet: M. uses the impf. to 
emphasize the long continuance of 
the bird's stay; see A. 517, a; GL. 
597; L. 2092; 2094, b. 

5. meliora: the pardon and 
return of the exiled brother. 

6. dominum mundi: Domi- 
tian. See 1. 4. 2 N. — flectere: cf. 
II. 9I. 12; Verg. A. 6. 376 deszne 
fata deum flecti sberare precando. 
— flectere .. . valent: for constr. 
see on 4. 64. 21-22. 

7-8. Sardois...oris: or7s is 
used appropriately of an island. 
Banishment to an island (which 
ordinarily meant one of the very 
small islands), as taking one from 
the centers of culture and life, was 
looked upon as little better than 
a living death. Further, Sardinia 
was proverbially unhealthy.—for- 
sitan... venit: in Cicero forsitan 
(= fors sit an = ‘it would be prob- 
lematical whether’) naturally is 
construed only with the subjv.; the 
constr. with the ind. belongs chiefly 
to poetry and to post-Augustan 
prose. — exulis...venit: freed 


fróm metrical restraints M. might 
have said exwZs fratris reversuri 
nuntia venit, or, better, exulem fra- 
trem reversurum esse nuntia venit. 
Exulis and fratre denote the same 
person. £xzls is obj. gen. with 
nuntia; logically, of course, the 
real object of zzzia is the idea 
involved in reversuro,— nuntia: 
pred. nom. 

35. “Both man and wife as bad 
as bad can be: I wonder they no 
better should agree" (Hay).— 
Meter: § 49. 

1, pares... vita, well-matched 
in conduct; cf. Macr. S. 7. 7. 12 
similibus enim similia gaudent; 
Cic. Cato M. 3. 7 pares autem ve- 
tere proverbio cum paribus facillime 
congregantur ; Otto s.v. Par. 

2. Note the chiasmus; cf. r. 
4. 8; 6. 28. 7; 8. 43. 1. 

3. miror... convenire: for 
the syntax see on 4. 59. 3. — non 
... VObis, that you do not agree per- 
fectly. Convenire is impersonal; 
cf. Petr. 10 zztellego nobis convenire 
non posse. 

43- M. suggests that a sure 
way of ridding the world of such 
adepts at poisoning as Fabius and 
Chrestilla are will be to make them 


198 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 43. 2 


funereamque toris quassat uterque facem. 
Victores committe, Venus, quos iste manebit 
exitus una duos ut Libitina ferat. 


50 


Quis labor in phiala? docti Myos anne Myronos ? 


man and wife, that they may try 
theirskilloneach other. See 4.69; 
9.15; 9. 78 funera post septem nupsit 
tibi Galla virorum, Picentine; sequi 
vult, puto, Galla viros. — Meter: 
48. 
i. Effert: cf. 4. 24. 2. — Chre- 
stilla: fem. dim. of Chrestus (cf. 
xpnorés = utilis, bonus); the name 
is derisive, given xar' ávr($paciv 
(see on 7.83. 1). For the chiasmus 
in this vs. see on 8. 35. 2. 
2.funeream... facem: not 
only was a fax used to light the 
funeral pyre, but torches were 
carried at funerals, a survival, 
probably, from the time when all 
funerals took place at night, as did 
those of slaves and the poor even 
in M.'s time. Cf. Verg. A. 11. 142- 
144 Arcades ad portas ruere et de 
more vetusto funereas rapuere 
faces; lucet via longo ordine flam- 
marum et late diseriminat agros. 
— toris: the Zectws genialis of both 
houses. Cf. Ov. M. 6. 430-431 
Lumenides tenuere faces de funere 
raptas, Eumenides stravere torum 
(at the marriage of Progne and 
Tereus). We have either a dat. 
of interest (disadvantage), a bit of 
grim humor, or a free use of the 
local abl. (= super toros). 

3-4. Victores committe: M. 
compares Fabius and Chrestilla to 
gladiators who have vanquished 
their opponents and must now 
fight each other to a finish. Since 
illicit love has been the motive of 
the murders committed by them, 
M. appropriately calls on Venus to 


act as editor spectaculorum, in a 
fight szue missione; see Lib. Spect. 
29, with notes. — committe: a 
term from the arena; cf. Iuv. 1. 
162-163 securus licet Aenean Rutu- 
dumque ferocem. committas. For 
the czesura in 3 see $ 52, c. — quos 
...ferat: the antec. of guos is 
duos, 4; iste .. . exitus is death by 
poisoning (cf. 1-2); in zanebzt M. 
turns prophet. Render, ‘that two, 
who will surely die themselves by 
poison, two, I say, one bier may 
bear away’. For the sense given 
to zste (‘that which you have in 
mind’, or the like), see on 1.70. 18. 
It is possible, also, to make wictores 
the antec. of gwos, and regard vs. 4 
as a result clause explanatory of 
iste, which then virtually = ZaZrs. — 
Libitina: prop. goddess of fu- 
nerals; see e.g. Hor. C. 3. 30. 6-7 
non omnis moriar multaque pars 
mei vitabit Libitinam. Here the 
word = a lier, feretrum, sandapila 
(metonymy). — ferat = auferat; 
see on I. 4. 2. 

50. M. goes into raptures over 
a phiala presented to him by his 
friend Istantius Rufus. — Meter: 
$48. 

I. Quis labor (est): ie. ‘what 
artist made it?’ Cuzus labor est 
would have been simpler. Lador 
is very aptly used of the severe toil 
of the caelator; cf. 4. 39. 5; 14. 95, 
cited below. — phiala ($u4Aq): a 
saucer-like drinking vessel, gener- 
ally of gold or silver, like the pateru. 
See 8. 6. 14; 14. 95 (on a phiala 
aurea caelata) quamvis Callaico 


- 


8. 50. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


199 


Mentoris haec manus est an, Polyclite, tua ? 
Livescit nulla caligine fusca nec odit 
exploratores nubilà massa focos ; 
5 vera minus flavo radiant electra metallo, 
et niveum felix pustula vincit ebur. 
Materiae non cedit opus: sic alligat orbem, 


rubeam generosa metallo, glorior arte 
magis, nam Myos iste labor. — 
Myos: Mys was a master engraver, 
a contemporary of Phidias and 
Parrhasius. — anne: see A. 332, c, 
N. 2; GL. 457, 1, N. 2. — Myronos: 
see 4. 39. 2 N. 

2. Mentoris: see 4. 39. 5 N. — 
manus: see 4. 39. 3 N. — Poly- 
clite: Polyclitus rivaled Phidias as 
a sculptor; cf. 9. 59. 12; 10. 89; 
Fried. SG. 3. 309 ff. Fried. remarks 
on this vs. that the names of famous 
artists were very freely used by the 
Romans, esp. in connection with 
works of the sort here described. 

3-4. Livescit. .. fusca (sc. 
phiala or massa): the surface of 
the vessel is clear and undimmed; 
therein it differed from most of the 
antiques. — nulla: M. might have 
said nec Livescit ulla caligine fusca. 
— nec odit...focos: it is no 
dun lump of metal that has to be 
tested to prove its genuineness or 
that has cause to fear such tests. 
In Latin, sentences containing 
negatives are often so much con- 
densed that a literal rendering con- 
veys a false impression. Here 
translate: *no blackness makes it 
Swart and tamished; there is no 
cloud upon its whole mass, and it 
shrinks not from', etc. — explora- 
tores... focos,crucibles, furnaces; 
exploratores is adj., testing (see on 
1. 66. 7; 3. 58. 73 5. 37. 1). Cf. 

_ Claud. IIT Cons. Hon. Praef. 11-12 
| exploratores oculis qui pertulit ignes 
sustinuitgue acie nobiliore diem. 


5. vera... metallo most natu- 
rally — *real amber is less resplen- 
dent than the yellow metal of this 
phiala’. If this rendering is right, 
the 54:4/a must be of gold or of 
the metal called electrum. Vet it is 
not likely that M. would receive a 
Pphiala of gold, unless it were like 
the unsubstantial one of 8. 33. 
Further, the comparison with 
amber lacks point unless this cup 
were composed of e/ectrum. The 
basis of this metal was gold, but 
it resembled amber because of the 
silver (1 or more) which entered 
into it. So far as syntax goes, the 
vs. may = ‘real amber shines with 
a luster less golden’ than the luster 
of this cup. — electra: for the pl. 
see on 4. 69.1. 

6. et... ebur: from this it 
appears that silver was used some- 
where on the surface of the phzala. 
— felix pustula: cf. 7. 86. 7 N. 
Felix apparently = an adv.; it de- 
scribes the happy combination of 
metals. 

7-8. opus, workmanship; cf. 
Ov. M. 2. 5 (of the palace of the 
Sun) zaterzam superabat opus. — 
sic...nitet: ‘so the moon binds 
together her orb whenat her largest 
she shines with allhertorch’. The 
poets often thus speak of the moon 
as binding together her horns into 
an orb; cf. Ov. M. 7. 530-531 Zunctzs 
explevit cornibus orbem luna. The 
important word in 7-8 is zzaterzae; 
this is illustrated at length in 9-16 
by the description of the graver’s 


200 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 50. 8 


plurima cum tota lampade luna nitet. 
Stat caper Aeolio Thebani vellere Phrixi 
10 cultus : ab hoc mallet vecta fuisse soror ; 
hunc nec Cinyphius tonsor violaverit et tu 
ipse tua pasci vite, Lyaee, velis. 
Terga premit pecudis geminis Amor aureus alis, 


skill. It may well be, therefore, that 
M. has in mind the patterns with 
which the full moon is chased (*the 
man in the moon’). The phzaéa, 
then, is adorned as gloriously as 
is the moon, when, at last waxed 
full, she shows us the complete 
splendor of her decoration. — plu- 
rima... luna: cf. Ov. M. 14. 
53-54 medio cum plurimus orbe sol 
erat. — lampade: cf. Verg. A. 4.6 
postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade 
terras; Lucr. s. 610 rosea sol alte 
lampade lucens. 

9. Stat caper: a goat was em- 
bossed on the phiala; cf. luv. 1. 76 
(criminibus debent) argentum vetus 
et stantem. extra pocula caprum. 
Stat = exstat; cf. Ov. M. 12. 235- 
236 forte fuit iuxta signis exstan- 
dHbus asper anticus crater. The 
goat was an appropriate relief on 
a drinking cup, for, as especially 
destructive to the vine, it was a 
favorite victim on the altars of 
Bacchus. — Aeolio . . . Phrixi: 
the hair of this goat reminds one 
of the famous Golden Fleece itself. 
Phrixus and his sister Helle, fleeing 
from their stepmother Ino, were 
carried through the air on a ram 
with golden fleece. Helle fellinto 
the sea (the Hellespont), but 
Phrixus made his way to Colchis; 
after sacrificing the ram he hung 
up its fleece there in the grove of 
Mars. The fleece was brought 
back to Greece by the Argonauts. 
Athamas, father of Phrixus, was 
at first king of Orchomenos in 


Boeotia; later he lived in Thessaly. 
— Aeolio = Z^oeotio or Thessalo; 
the Aeolians, one of the three great 
divisions of the Hellenic race, occu- 
pied both Boeotia and Thessaly. 
— Thebani: M. is either careless 
(see on 8. 18. 5), forgetting the 
facts of Athamas's career (see 
above), or he is thinking that 
Phrixus fled from Ino, his step- 
mother, who was daughter of Cad- 
mus, the founder of Thebes. 

10. ab hoc: i.e. by the goat on 
the hala rather than by the ram 
of the story. — mallet... fuisse: 
see GL. 258; L. 1559; 2223. 

zur. hunc: the cafer.—nec: 
see perhaps on 1. 109. 20. But mec 
(neque) .. . -que (et) is not uncom- 
mon, even in prose; cf. obre. .. ré. 
We might also say that M. at first 
thought of writing zec.. . vzolaverit 
nec tu ipse... Lyaee nolis. — Ciny- 
phius tonsor: the region about 
the Cinyps, a stream of Libya' 
flowing into the Mediterranean 
betweenthe two Syrtes,was famous 
for a breed of goats from whose 
hair a felt or sort of hair-cloth was 
made which rivaled the Cilician 
product; cf. 7. 95. 11-13 7zgetque 
barba qualem forficibus metit supi- 
nis tonsor Cinyphio Cilix marito. 

12. pasci is an example of the 
middle voice. — Lyaee: see I. 70. 
9 N. — velis, would be willing that, 
would suffer (permit). 

13. pecudis: the cager.— au- 
reus: the epithet applied so often 
to Venus (aurea) may be bestowed 


8. so. 22] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


20I 


Palladia et tenero lotos ab ore sonat: 
15 .sic Methymnaeo gavisus Arione delphin 
languida non tacitum per freta vexit onus. 
Imbuat egregium digno mihi nectare munus 
non grege de domini, sed tua, Ceste, manus ; 
Ceste, decus mensae, misce Setina: videtur 
20 ipse puer nobis, ipse sitire caper. 
Det numerum cyathis Istanti littera Rufi, 
auctor enim tanti muneris ille mihi: 


here on her son, or the tiny figure 
may have been of gold. Cf. Ov. 
Rem. Am. 39 mouzt Amor gemmatas 
aureus alas. Note that aureus is 
often used in poetry of things per- 
fect after their kind. 

14. Palladia... lotos: Pallas’s © 
pipe; cf. Fest. 119 Lotos: arboris 
genus, ex cuius materia frequenter 
tibiae fiebant. Minerva was ac- 
counted the inventor of certain 
wind instruments; cf. Ov. F. 6.697- 
698. See App. 

15. Methymnaeo... Arione: 
the wonderful story of Arion, of 
Methymna in Lesbos, the distin- 
guished player on the lute (c/thara), 
may be read in Gell. 16. 19; Ov. F. 
2. 79 f£; etc. — gavisus . . . del- 
phin: remarkable stories were 
told of the dolphin, giving to the 
creature attributes almost human. 

16. languida . . . freta: Arion 
quieted the waters by his strains; 
cf. Ov. F. 2. 116 aeguoreas carmine 
mulcet aguas, and the stories of 
Orpheus.—non tacitum... onus? 
the burden (Arion) was melodious. 
The thought of 13-16 lies primarily 
in 14 and in zoz Zacztum onus, 16. 
Verses 15-16 = ‘so ’twas no voice- 
less burden that the dolphin’, etc. 

17. Imbuat, /// (for the first 
time), christen (Steph. ) 4mbuo is 
often thus used of doing something 


for the first time. The subj. is 
manus, 18. —nectare: see 4. 32. 
2 N.; cf. 3.82. 24 Opimianum nectar. 

18. grege: see 2. 43. I3. — de: 
postpositive, for metrical conven- 
ience. This is common enough 
in poetry, esp. with a dissyllabic 
preposition. Further, grege de 
domini somewhat resembles the 
common prose usage by which a 
monosyllabic preposition stands 
between an adj. and a noun.— 
domini: Rufus, not M., for M. 
probably had no great array of 
slaves (grex). We may suppose 
that M. received the gift at Rufus's 
table. 

19. decus mensae: Cestus is 
a very Ganymedes in beauty and 
skill.— Setina: see 4. 69. 1 N. 
Setia, a town of Latium, overlooked 
the Paludes Pomptinae. Its wine 
was a favorite with most of the 
emperors. For the pl. (sc. vzza) 
see on 4. 69. I. 

, 20. Such nectar is enough to 
make even the goat and his rider 
look thirsty. 

21-22. Det... Rufi: whenever 
a health was proposed, the number 
of cyathi must coincide with the 
number of letters in the name of 
the person honored; cf. 1. 71. 1-2; 
9. 93. 3-4. — cyathis: see I. 27. 
2N.—Istanti... Rufi: see App. 


202 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 50. 23 


si Telethusa venit promissaque gaudia portat, 
servabor dominae, Rufe, triente tuo ; 


25 si dubia est, septunce trahar ; 


si fallit amantem, 


ut iugulem curas, nomen utrumque bibam. 


55 


Temporibus nostris aetas cum cedat avorum 
creverit et maior cum duce Roma suo, 
ingenium sacri miraris deesse Maronis 
nec quemquam tanta bella sonare tuba. 


— littera: collective sing., used ap- 
parently for metrical convenience. 
— auctor... mihi: M. means that 
the 2Aza/a must first be used to 
toast Rufus, since it was a gift from 
him. 

23. Telethusa: M.’s amica (real 
or pretended). 

24. servabor is a middle; ‘I 
shall watch myself, I shall drink 
so as not to lose my head’, — tri- 
ente tuo: instr. abl, ‘by (confining 
myself to) the third of your name’, 
Le. by drinking but four cyathi, 
representing the letters of the voc. 
Aufe, necessarily used in address- 
ing the person whose health was 
to be drunk. 

25. si dubia est: ie. if by her 
delay she makes her coming 
doubtful. — septunce trahar, 7 
shall be allured by, ie. shall be 
tempted to the extent of, seven cya- 
thi, answering to the voc. /stanti. 
Cf. 3. 82. 29 septunce multo deinde 
gerditus stertit. For this use of 
trahere cf. Verg. E. 2. 65 traAzt sua 
quemque voluptas. —fallit aman- 
tem: cf. Ov. M. 4. 128-129 ze fallat 
amantem, illa redit. 

26. iugulem curas: so we 
talk of ‘killing (drowning) care’.— 
curas:i. e. *mychagrinat herfaihure 
to come’. 


55. M.’s theory of the making 
of a great literature is very simple: 
Vergils will spring up like mush- 
rooms, provided Maecenases sup- 


. ply the seed and fructify the soil 


(S. Cf. 1. 76; 1. 
Meter: § 48. 

1-2. Temporibus... suo: for 
like flattery of Domitian see 5. 19. 
1-5. In fact, with slight excep- 
tions, e.g. under Agricola in Britain, 
Rome suffered great loss in prestige 
and territory under Domitian. See 
1.70.6N. M. doubtless hoped 
that this flattery would bear fruit 
and help literature as represented 
by himself.— cum: prob. szzce; 
though will also fit the context. — 
maior: pred. nom. with creverit, * 
which = facta sit.— cum: here 
the prep. — suo, her beloved; see on 
I. I3. 13 cf. Ov. Tr. 4. 2. 66 Jaeta- 
que erit praesens cum duce turba 
350. 

3. sacri: cf. 5.69.7 N.; I. 12. 3N. 
— deesse: dissyllabic, to suit the 
meter. Cf. 10. 48. 10; deerunt, 5. 
So deest becomes a monosyllable; 
Cf. 7. 34.6 non deest protinus, ecce, 
de malignis. ' 

4. sonare: cf. 7. 23. 1; 8. 3. 14i 
Stat. Silv. 4. 2. 66-67 cum modo 
Germanas acies modo Daca sonan- 
tem proelia Palladio tua me manus 


107; 3. 38.— 


8. 55. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


203 


5 Sint Maecenates, non deerunt, Flacce, Marones 
Vergiliumque tibi vel tua rura dabunt. 
Iugera perdiderat miserae vicina Cremonae 
flebat et abductas Tityrus aeger oves ; 

risit Tuscus eques paupertatemque malignam 
IO reppulit et celeri iussit abire fuga: 


indus auro. 
see 8. 3. 22 N. 

5. Maecenates: this wail over 
the increasing lack of patronage — 
a wail that grew louder and louder 
as the years pissed — had an ele- 
ment of sincerity. Cf. 1. 107. 3-4; 
II. 3. 6-10; 12. 3; Tuv. 7. 94 ff. — 
deerunt: see on Zeesse, 3. — 
Flacce: not to be identified with 
certainty, but perhaps the Flaccus 
of 4. 49. 1; IO. 48. 5. 

6. Vergilium...dabunt: ‘even 
yourfarm (i.e. your money properly 
bestowed) could produce a Vergil 
as easily as it raises corn or olives. 
You yourself may have honor like 
that of Maecenas, if you will but 
pay for it’. — rura: cf. 1. 12. 3 N. 

7-8. Iugera...oves:in41 B.C., 
after the success of the Triumvirs, 
nearly 175,000 veterans had to be 
provided with land. The resultant 
confiscations of land embraced 
regions far distant from Rome and 
involved in ruin not only the foes 
of the Caesarians, such as Cre- 
mona, but in some cases their ad- 
herents, as, for example, Mantua 
and the surrounding region. Vergil 
himself was ejected from his estate, 
but he recovered it by grace of 
Octavianus. Tityrus, the shepherd 
of Vergil’s first Eclogue, is Vergil 
himself, who has regained the land 
he had lost. — miserae: because 
of the ruin of the town and the 
small landholders brought about 
by the confiscations. — vicina 
Cremonae: M.isthinking of Verg. 


See App.— tuba: 


E. 9. 28 Mantua, vae, miserae mi- 
mium vicina Cremonae. The Tri- 
umvirs meant to confiscate only 
the lands of Cremona, but since 
these were not ample enough, 
Mantuan territory was taken. In 
fact the two towns were about forty 
miles apart. — Tityrus: cf. Apoll. 
Sid. C. 4. 1-8. — aeger: cf. Verg. 
E. 1. 12-13 ez, 7pse capellas Protinus 
aeger ago, said by Meliboeus, the 
shepherd who, less fortunate than 
Tityrus,isleaving thefarm of which 
he has been dispossessed. M. is 
again inaccurate; see on 8. 18. s. 

9-10. risit. .. eques: M. is 
again inaccurate (see on 8); Mae- 
cenas had nothing to do with the 
restoration of Vergil’s farm (his 
name does not occur in the Ec- 
logues; he was not yet a factor in 
the Roman state. See 1. 107.4 N.). 
Vergil's benefactors at that time 
were Asinius Pollio, Alfenus Varus, 
and Octavianus. Later, however, 
Maecenas did much for Vergil, as 
he did for Horace.— eques: 
though the Tuscan ancestors of 
Maecenas were of very high rank 
(cf. Hor. C. 3.29.1 ZyrrAena regum 
progenies; Y. I. 1 Maecenas atavis 
edite regibus), at Rome he never 
aspired to be more than an egzes; 
cf. e.g. 12. 3. 2 Maecenas, atavis 
regibus ortus eques; Hor. C. 1. 20. 5 
care Maecenas eques; 3. 16. 20 Mae- 
cenas, equitum decus. — abire: the 
subject is paupertatem, 9. 

ir-12. vatum ... esto: as if 
worry about material things were 


204 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. §5. 11 


* Accipe divitias et vatum maximus esto ; 
tu licet et nostrum " dixit *Alexin ames ". 
Adstabat domini mensis pulcherrimus ille 
marmorea fundens nigra Falerna manu, : 
15 et libata dabat roseis carchesia labris, 
quae poterant ipsum sollicitare Iovem. 
Excidit attonito pinguis Galatea poetae 
Thestylis et rubras messibus usta genas ; 


the only hindrance to great literary 
achievement. Cf. Iuv. 7. 52-73, 
94-97. — vatum: cf. 1. 61. I N. — 
nostrum .. . Alexin: Alexis is 
the beautiful slave boy of Vergil's 
second Eclogue. M. speaks as if 
Maecenas had given the boy to 
Vergil, or at least owned him and 
invited Vergil to share with him the 
society of the boy. But see notes 
on g-Io. Other ancient writers 
say the boy belonged to Pollio. 
C£. 8. 73. 9-10; 6. 68. 6 ic amor, 
hic nostri vatis Alexis erat. 

13. domini: Maecenas; verses 
13-16 seem to explain that the gift 
was made while Vergil was dining 
with Maecenas. M. may, however, 
berather describing what happened 
in Vergil’s house after the gift; in 
that case adstabat — adstare solebat. 
Verses 13-16 will then give the 
result of 12. This view fits daéat, 
15, better. — pulcherrimus: cf. 
Verg. 2. 1 formosum Alexim. 

14. marmorea... manu: the 
boy was fair-skinned ; marmorea = 
candida; cf. Petr. 126 (of a woman) 
iam mentum, iam cervix, iam ma- 
nus iam pedum candor intra auri 

gracile vinculum positus: Parium 
marmor extinxerat. — nigra Fa- 
lerna: Falernian wine, though fine, 
was at this time hardly ranked by 
epicures with some other kinds, 
e.g. Setian and Caecuban. It was 
darker (dark red) than some others; 


cf. 9. 22. 8; 8. 77. 5 candida nigre- 
scant vetulo crystalla Falerno. 

15. libata... labris: the fa- 
vorite drinks first; the wine touched 
by his lips (15) seems better. — 
carchesia (cf. kapxjstor): a splen- 
did drinking beaker of Greek origin, 
somewhat narrower in the middle 
than at the top orthe bottom. The 
word is generally found in the pl.; 
cf. e.g. Verg. A. 5. 77. 

17-20. Once in possession of 
Alexis, Vergil forgot his country 
loves, chubby Galatea and sun. 
burned Thestylis, ie. he aban- 
doned bucolic poetry to write an 
epic, which should in its scope and 
fulfillment be commensurate with 
the glory of imperial Rome, whose 
origin it sought to immortalize. 

17. Excidit (sc. zemorza), was 
forgotten,a sense common in Silver 
Latin; cf. too Verg. A. 1. 25-26 mec- 
dum etiam causae irarum ... exci- 
derant animo; Prop. 3. 24. 20, cited 
below on Zee/ae. The position and 
the tense give the force of ‘forth- 
with forgot’. The same idea is 
differently expressed in 19. — atto- 
nito, zzspzred; cf. Verg. A. 7. 580 
attonitae Bactho matres; Hor. C. 
3. 19. I4 attonitus vates. — pinguis, 
plump, and so coarse. — poetae: 
dat.; cf. Prop. 3. 24. 20 exciderant 
surdo tot mea vota Jovi. 

18. Thestylis: as Galatea is 
more chubby than the city beauty 


8. 57. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


205 


protinus ITALIAM concepit et ARMA VIRUMQUE, 


20 


qui modo vix Culicem fleverat ore rudi. 


Quid Varios Marsosque loquar ditataque vatum 
nomina, magnus erit quos numerare labor ? 
Ergo ero Vergilius, si munera Maecenatis 
des mihi? Vergilius non ero, Marsus ero. 


57 


Tres habuit dentes, pariter quos expuit omnes, 
ad tumulum Picens dum sedet ipse suum, 


liked to be, so such tan as reddened 
thecheeks of Thestyliscity maidens 
carefully avoided; cf. 5. 37. Y N.; 
Hor. Epod. 2. 41-42 perusta solibus 
pernicis uxor Apuli. For Thestylis 
cf, Verg. E. 2. 10-1 1. 

19. Italiam concepit (azzmo), 
he had a vision of, etc. 7taliam and 
Arma virumque stand at the begin- 
ning of the second and the first 
verses of the Aeneid as the poem 
is commonly printed. Some Mss., 
however, put four other verses be- 
fore arma virumque, and those 
verses are recognized by some 
ancient Roman authorities. See 
the editors of Vergil, e.g. Coning- 
ton, and, for a recent discussion, 
Fitz Hugh, Proc. Amer. Phil. Ass. 
34 (1903), pp. xxxii-xxxiii. The 
ancients were not wont to mention 
a given work by a set title, but 
referred to it in some less technical 
but no less direct way, as, for in- 
stance, by quoting the opening 
words. Cf. 14. 185. 1-2 acczpe fa- 
cundi Culicem, studiose, Maronis, ne 
nucibus positis Arma Virumque le- 
gas. Seealso on Passerem, 4.14.14. 

20. vix... rudi: his early inspi- 
ration scarcely sufficed to enable 
him to sing, in unpolished verse, 
the dirge of a gnat and similar 
lowly themes. Cf. the themes of 


the Carmina’ Minora ascribed to 
Vergil A poem called Culex is 
extant, but scholars are divided in 
opinion whether it was written by 
Vergil or by some one who sought 
to imitate his style. For a very 
recent and excellent discussion of 
this question see Mackail in Clas- 
sical Review, 22. 65-73. 

21. Varios: see 8. 18. 7 N. — 
Marsos: cf. z. 71. 3; 2. 77. 53 7. 
99. 7. — loquar: used with acc. as 
in 1.61.8; see note there. — ditata: 
transferred epithet, for it logically 
modifies vatum. M. ends as he 
began; given generous patrons, we 
shall always have good poetry in 
plenty. 

23-24. M. answers ‘a hypothet- 
ical objection that his argument 
proves too much. — Ergo: see r. 
41. 2 N. 

57- On an elderly man who 
assists, in part at least, in his own 
interment. — Meter: $48. 

r. Tres . . . dentes: they were 
the last,too. — pariter...expuit: 
as the result of a single cough; cf. 
Priap. 12. 1, 8-9 Quaedam, Cumaeae 
soror, ut puto, Sibyllae, .. . hesterna 
quoque luce dum precatur, dentem 
de tribus excreavit unum. 

2. tumulum ... suum: his 
family monument beside one of 


206 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 57.3 


collegitque sinu fragmenta novissima laxi 
oris et adgesta contumulavit humo. 
s Ossa licet quondam defuncti non legat heres : 
hoc sibi iam Picens praestitit officium. 


Miraris veteres, Vacerra, solos 
nec laudas nisi mortuos poetas. 
Ignoscas petimus, Vacerra: tanti 
non est, ut placeam tibi, perire. 


the great roads. Such tombs were 
often erected before the demise 
of the head of the family. Cf. 4. 
59. 6; 6. 52. 1. 

3. collegit: as one might for 
mercy's sake collect and cover un- 
buried bones of some unfortunate 
who had notreceived proper burial. 
— sinu: ie. of his toga; see on I. 
15.10. Picens cherishes the frag- 
menta. A Roman reader would 
remember that after the body was 
burned on the funeral pyre the 
bones were carefully gathered, 
sometimes at least in a mourning 
robe; cf. Tib. 3. 2. 19 ff. — laxi, 
loose, flabby. 

4. adgesta . . . humo: cf. Ov. 
Ib. 462 (aut zt) saucius ingesta con- 
tumuleris humo. 

5. Ossa... heres: ‘though his 
heir by and by fail to gather’, etc.— 
Ossa...legat: cf. e.g. Suet. Aug. 
100 religuias (Augusti) legerunt 
primores equestris ordinis, tunicati 
et discincti bedibusque nudis, ac mau- 
soleo condiderunt. — quondam is 
here said of the future, a rare use; 
cf. Verg. A. 6. 876-877 nec Romula 
quondam ullo se tautum tellus zac- 
tabit alumno. — defuncti (vita): 
euphemistic for mortuz; prop. one 
who has discharged the duties of 
life and has been mustered out, as 
veterans are mustered out. 


6. praestitit officium: he has 
buried himself so far as his teeth 
are concerned. For the phrase cf. 
Prop. 2. 18. 14 (Aurora) zzeztum et 
lerris praestitit officium. 

69. ‘Post-mortem glory, at least 
of some sorts, is not worth dying 
for’. — Meter: § 49. 

ri. Miraris: see 8. 6. 15 N.— 
veteres: used esp. of ancient 
writers, ‘the writers of the good 
old days’; cf. Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 19 ff., 
50-89; Quint. 9. 3. 1 wt veteres et 
Cicero praecipue. For the terms 
veteres, antiqui, etc., as applied to 
writers in the pages of Silver Latin, 
and the admiration which, begin- 
ning even in Cicero's time, was 
bestowed in increasing measure on 
the az£iguz until in Hadrian’s time* 
the archaizing tendency became 
supreme, see Knapp, Studies in 
Honour of Henry Drisler, 126-141. 

2. nec... poetas: Vacerra did 
not waste time on the recitations. 

3. Ignoscas petimus: for the 
Syntax see on 5. 49. 12. 

4. perire: stronger than 2:977; 
Cf. 5. I0, esp. 11-12 vos tamen o no- 
stiri ne festinate libelli: si post fata 
venit gloria, non propero; 1.1. 4-6, 
with notes. 

73- ‘Love has ever been the 
poet’s inspiration. Give me what 
Propertius and others had and I 


8. 73. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


207 


Istanti, quo nec sincerior alter habetur 
pectore nec nivea simplicitate prior, 
si dare vis nostrae vires animosque Thaliae 
et victura petis carmina, da quod amem. 
5 Cynthia te vatem fecit lasciva, Properti, 
ingenium Galli pulchra Lycoris erat, 
fama est arguti Nemesis formosa Tibulli, 


Lesbia dictavit, docte Catulle, tibi: 


too will write worthily'. If the 
person here addressed is the man 
of 8. 50, the kindness ascribed to 
him there may have emboldened 
M. to ask for more. — Meter: § 48. 

2. nivea = candida; see 2.71.1. 
r— simplicitate: cf. 1. 39. 4 (Deci- 
anus) vera simplicitate bonus. — 
prior: cf. 12.44.4 Pectore non minor 
es, sed pietate prior. In writing 1-2 
M. may have had in mind Hor. S. 
I. 5. 41-42 (Vergil and Varius) azz- 
mae qualis neque candidiores terra 
tulit neque quis me sit devinctior 
alter. 

3. nostrae . 
8. 12 N. 

4. victura: cf. 1.25.7; Ov. Am. 
3. 1. 65 das nostro victurum nomen 
amori. — quod amem: ie. some 
deliciae. 

5-8. M. mentions, though not 
in chronological order, the greatest 
Roman writers of erotic elegy and the 
women who inspired their verses. 

5. Cynthia: so Propertius calls 
his mistress; her true name was 
Hostia. (In the Latin poets sucha 
‘nom de plume’ regularly has the 
same metrical value as the name 
for which it is a substitute). She 
was “the mistress of his life, the 
directress of his inspiration ” (Post- 
gate).—lasciva: see App. Cf. 
Ov. Tr. 2. 427 szc sua lascivo cantata 


. . Thaliae: cf. 4. 


est saepe Catullo femina cui falsum 
Lesbia nomen erat. 

6. ingenium: cf. 8. 55. 3.— 
Galli: the ill-starred C. Cornelius 
Gallus was, if we may judge from 
ancient testimony, a worthy rival 
of the others here named. His 
love fer Lycoris was the burden 
of the four books of erotics that 
we know he wrote. His work has, 
however, perished, unless Mackail 
is right in ascribing some at least 
of the Carmina Minora current 
under Vergil's name to Gallus; see 
Class. Rev. 22. 65-73. With 5-6 
cf. 12. 3. 5-6. 

4. arguti, melodious; cf. 6. 34. 7 
argute Catullo; 3. 58.13 argutus 
anser (see note there); Hor. Ep. 2. 
2.90 quz( how") minus argutos vexat 
Juror iste poetas ? — Nemesis suc- 
ceeded Delia as Tibullus's mis- 
tress; cf. Ov. Am. 3. 9. 31 sze Memesis 
longum, sic Delia nomen habebunt. 

8. Lesbia: Clodia, wife of Q. 
Caecilius Metellus Celer, sister of 
Cicero’s bitter enemy, P. Clodius 
Pulcher. She was to Catullus 
“the mastering passion of his life” 
(Merrill). — dictavit: cf. Anthol. 
Lat. II. 937. 1 seribenti mi dictat 
Amor monstratque Cupido; Ov. 
Am. 2. I. 38 carmina purpureus 
quae mihi dictat Amor.— docte: 
cf. 1. O1. 1 N. 


208 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[8. 73. 9 


non me Paeligni nec spernet Mantua vatem, 
10 si qua Corinna mihi, si quis Alexis erit. 


* Dic verum mihi, Marce, dic amabo ; 
nil est quod magis audiam libenter "' 
Sic et cum recitas tuos libellos 

et causam quotiens agis clientis, 

.5 Oras, Gallice, me rogasque semper. 
Durum est me tibi, quod petis, negare ; 
vero verius ergo quid sit audi: 
verum, Gallice, non libenter audis. 


9. Paeligniand Mantua stand 
for those who appreciate good 
poetry. Ovid was born at Sulmo in 
the region of the Paeligni (1.61.6), 
Vergil in the neighborhood of 
Andes near Mantua. 

10. Corinna: the name under 
which the mistress of Ovid passed. 
— Alexis: see 8. 55. 12 N. 

76. M. declines to favor Gal- 
licus with the honest criticism of 
his verses and legal speeches which 
Gallicus (dishonestly) invites. — 
Meter: $ 49. 

1. Marce: the praenomen was 
used in familiar address. Cf. 5. 63. 
1-2 “guid sentis", inquis, “de no- 
stris, Marce, libellis?" sic me solli- 


citus, Pontice,saepe rogas.—amabo, 
L beg of you, please, do (lit. ‘I shall 
love you, if’, etc). The word thus 
used belongs to the sermo famili- 
aris; it occurs chiefly in comedy, 
being used there by women or in 
speeches addressed to women. Cf. 
Apoll. Sid. C. 9. 1 2e, dic, quod peto, 
Magne, dic, amabo. Perhaps M. is 
hinting that Gallicus is effeminate. 

7. Forthedizresis see $49, d.— 
vero verius, Zruer than the truth i- 
self, has a proverbial ring ; cf. 6. 30.6 
vis diam tibi veriora veris? Sen. 
Ep. 66.8 niil invenies rectius recto, 
non magis quam verius vero, quam ^ 
temperato temperatius, Q.N. 2.34.2 
vero verius nihil est. 


LIBER IX 


Dicere de Libycis reduci tibi gentibus, Afer, 
continuis volui quinque diebus “Have” ; 

“Non vacat" aut **dormit" dictum est bis terque reverso: 
jam satis est: non vis, Afer, havere: vale. 


Nubere vis Prisco: non miror, Paula; sapisti. 
ducere te non vult Priscus : et ille sapit. 


Nomen cum violis rosisque natum, 


6. ‘I have wanted to congratu- 
late you, Afer, on your safe return 
to Rome, but can never gain ad- 
mission to your presence. If Imay 
not say to you * How do you do?”, 
let me say “ Farewell" '. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1, reduci: cf. Verg. A. 1. 390- 
391 zamque tibi reduces socios clas- 
semque relatam. nuntio. — Afer: 
perhaps a rich freedman, who has 
returned to Rome after revisiting 
his native land. 

2. Have: the imv. serves as a 
noun in acc., object of Zzcerz, 1. 

3. Non... dormit: words of 
the ostiarius; cf. 2.5. 5N.; 4.8.4N.; 
5. 22. 10.— bis terque, in the light 
of 2, must = zdentidem. — reverso: 
SC. "mihi. 

4. havere: perhaps a pun on 
Afer is intended (spite of the dif- 
ference in quantity: see on 7. 36. 6). 
— vale: cf. 5. 66. 2 N. 


IO. About two people who 
show worldly wisdom in desiring 
things diametrically opposed to 
eachother. Priscus was well-to-do 
and apparently of high social stand- 
ing; Paula is apparently the zezgzer 
infamis of 1. 74, etc. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Nubere: see 8. 12.2 N. Cf. 
10. 8. 1-2 zubere Paula cupit nobis, 
ego ducere Paulam nolo: anus est. 
Vellem, si magis esset anus. 

II. Flavius Earinus was a 
freedman and eunuch of Domitian, 
and his cup-bearer or fzaegustator. 
Here, as in 9. 12; 9. 13, M. plays 
upon his name. The play was 
rendered possible by the fact that 
Karínus could be referred to éapivés 
(from gap = Latin ver, ‘spring’). 
See Saintsbury 1. 263. — Meter: 
§ 49. 2 NNNM 

r cum...natum: ie. in 
spring. Cf.9.12. 1-2 nomen habes 
teneri quod tempora nuncupat anni, 


209 


210 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 11. 2 


quo pars optima nominatur anni, 
Hyblam quod sapit Atticosque flores, 
quod nidos olet alitis superbae, 

5 nomen nectare dulcius beato, 
quo mallet Cybeles puer vocari 
et qui pocula temperat Tonanti, 
quod si Parrhasia sones in aula, 
respondent Veneres Cupidinesque, 


ro nomen nobile, molle, delicatum 


versu dicere non rudi volebam, 
sed tu, syllaba contumax, rebellas. 


cum breve Cecropiae ver populantur 
apes; 9. 16. 4 nomine qui signat tem- 
fora verna suo. — violis rosisque: 
cf. Ov. Tr. 4. 1. 57 vere prius flores, 
aestu numerabis aristas. 

2. pars...anni: as coming 
into sharp contrast, both within 
and without doors, with winter, 
which was Aorz:da in an especial 
degree to the Romans; cf. 9. 13. 
2 N. horridus ... December, 7.30. 5. 
See Lowell's essay, A Good Word 
for Winter. 


3. Hyblam... flores: see 5. 
39. 3; 5. 37. 10. 
4. nidos... superbae: cf. 5. 


37.13: 6. 55. 2 N. 

5. nectare dulcius: prover- 
bial; cf. Apoll. Sid. C. 23. 288 suco 
nectaris esse dulciorem ; Otto s.v. 
Nectar. Paukstadt, 20, sees here a 
reflection of Catull. 99. 2 saviolum 
dulci dulcius ambrosia. Fornectare 
See 4. 32. 2 N. — beato: perhaps 
wealthy (nectar is used of the drink 
of gods and of the wines of the 
rich: see I. 103. 3 N.), perhaps 
happy, in the sense of causing hap- 
piness (cf. Hor. Ep. r. 5. 16-20). 

6. Cybeles puer: Attis; cf. 7. 
73.3 N. For the form Cybeles cf. 
I. 70. IO N.5 5. 13. 7. 


7. qui... Tonanti: Gany- 
medes;see2.43.13-14. Cf.9.16.6 
nec (Earinus) Gazymedeas mallet 
Aabere comas. 'Attis and Gany- 
medes would gladly exchange 
names with Earinus’. 

8. quod: sc. zomez.— Par- 
rhasia... aula: cf. 7. 99. 3 N.; 
9. 12. 8 (Earznus, nomen) quod decet 
in sola Caesaris esse domo; 9. 16. 3 
ule puer tota domino gratissimus 
aula, also said of Earinus. 

9. respondent: the ind. after 
sones, 8, is most effective. —Ve- 
neres Cupidinesque: another 
echo of Catullus. See Catull 3. 1, 
lugete, o Veneres Cupidinesque; 
13. 12 donarunt Veneres Cupidi- 
nesque. Veneres is pluralis maie- 
statis (see on 1. 70. 5); Venus is the 
incarnation of all charms and 
graces. See also on 11. 13.6. 

ii non rudi: ie. polished, 
refined, perfect, fitting the name. 

12. contumax, stubborn, un- 
yielding, defying every effort 
to work Edrinus, Edrinég, into 
hendecasyllabic verses (both forms 
are impossible also in hexameters). 
Syllaba may refer to the frstsyllable 
of the name Zarznuus (cf. 13-15), 
or may be collective sing., used 


9. 15. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


Dicunt za77zoz tamen poetae, 

sed Graeci, quibus est nihil negatum 
15 et quos" Apes "Apes decet sonare : 

nobis non licet esse tam disertis, 

qui Musas colimus severiores. 


Si daret autumnus mihi nomen, Oporinos essem, 
horrida si brumae sidera, Chimerinos ; 

dictus ab aestivo Therinos tibi mense vocarer : 
tempora cui nomen verna dedere quis est ? 


Inscripsit tumulis septem scelerata virorum 
se fecisse Chloe; quid pote simplicius ? 


of hendecasyllabic verse in general. 
In the latter case cf. 1. 61. 1; 10.9. 1 
undenis pedibusque syllabisque. 

13-14. poetae... Graeci: the 
Greek poets used the form elapivés, 
and so escaped the metrical diffi- 
culties of éapuós (see on 12). 

15. ^ Apes "Apes: cf. Hom. Il. 
5. 31 “Apes, “Apes Bporodovyé, jaau- 
$óve, TerxerimARTA, with Leaf’s 
note. Cf. Lucil 354-355 (Marx) 
seribemus “pacem: placide; Janum, 
aridum: acetum", ? Apes, "Apes 
Graeci ut faciunt. M. forgets that 
Roman poets handle the quantity 
of proper names with great free- 
dom, esp. in names of Greek origin; 
cf. e.g. Verg. E. 6. 44 clamassent, ut 
[itus “Hyla, Hyld" omne sonaret. 

i7. Musas... severiores: 
ie. poetry more subject to rule, 
less disposed to lend itself to poetic 
license. — severiores = more aus- 
tere, more strait-laced. 

13. As in g. 11, the point lies 
in the difficulty of putting the name 
of Flavius Earinus into verse. Here 


Earinusis represented as speaking. 
— Meter: § 48. 

I. Oporinos: cf. érwpivds. 
émwpa = the latter part of the sum- 
mer (late July, August, and early 
September). 

2. horrida: see 7. 36. 5 N.; 9. 
II. 2 N. — sidera, season, weather. 
Cf. Amm. Marc. 27. 12. 12 szdere 
flagrante brumali. — Chimerinos: 
Cf. xemuepivds. Xeiióv = hiems. 

3. Therinos: cf. 0epuós. Oépos 
= aestas. 

4. tempora .. 
9. 11. Introd. 

I5. On poisoning in ancient 
Italy see on 4.69.2; 8.43. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1i. tumulis: see 6. 52. 1 N. — 
virorum: see 7. 88. 4 N. 

2. se fecisse: the point lies in 
a play on /ecisse. In accordance 
with the usual form Chloe would 
have had cut on the monuments of 
the septem viri the words CHLOE 
FECIT (sc. Zumulum, monumen- 
tum). M., perhaps, intimates that 


. dedere: cf. 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 18. 1 


18 


Est mihi — sitque precor longum te praeside, Caesar— 
rus minimum parvi sunt et in urbe lares. 
Sed de valle brevi quas det sitientibus hortis 
curva laboratas antlia tollit aquas : 
s sicca domus queritur nullo se rore foveri, 
cum mihi vicino Marcia fonte sonet. 


the more appropriate ellipsis for 
such a poisoner would be sceera. 
Butincertain contexts fécz is almost 
a technical term, ‘I am guilty’; cf. 
luv. 6. 638 ff. sed clamat Pontia 
* Feci, confiteor, Puerisque meis aco- 
nita paravi... facinus tamen ipsa 
peregi"; 4. 12 et tamen alter si 
fecisset idem. — simplicius, truer; 
cf. nivea simplicitate, 8. 73. 2 N. 

18. The poet petitions Domi- 
tian for the privilege of tapping the 
Aqua Marcia (without the payment 
of water rent) for his house in town. 
See $88; 10. — Meter: § 48. 

ri. Est... Caesar: cf. 1. 108. 
1-2 est tibi — sitque precor multos 
crescatque per annos — pulchra ... 
domus. M.is praying (1) that the 
rus may long be his, (2) that Do- 
mitian may have a long reign. — 
longum: sc. mihi; longum in sense 
= din; cf. 1. 31. 7-8 utque tuis lon- 
gum dominusque puerque fruantur 
muneribus. 

2. rus minimum: the Nomen- 
tanum; see 2. 38. I N.; 4. 79. I. — 
parvi...lares: a small house will 
make small demand upon the great 
aqueduct. The chiasmus, which 
brings minimum and parvitogether, 
emphasizes M.’s poverty. — lares: 
See I. 70.2 N.; 1.76.2. At this time 
even the plural of /av was used of a 
single house, interchangeably with 
penates; cf. 819.61.5,15. For Ms 
city houses see § 11. 

3. de valle brevi: i.e. from a 
spring or stream in a vale on the 


Nomentanum. Iuv. 3. 226-227 
hortulus hic (in the country) pzte- 
usque brevis nec veste movendus in 
tenuis plantas facili diffunditur 
Aaustu is similar in language, but 
the tone is quite different; see on 4. 
4-6. ‘But, though I can get water 
on my country estate (only, to be 
sure with great labor), I have none 
at all in my city house’. — labo- 
ratas...aquas: ‘though the 
valley from which my water sup- 
ply comes is not deep (3), serious 
toil is afterall necessary to raise the 
water’. — antlia (cf. àvrAa) here 
prob. = ZoZ/eno, an old-fashioned 
well-sweep, which would bend 
(curva) with the weight of the full 
bucket.— sicca: the city house 
(domus) is absolutely without water 
supply. — rore = agua, as often in 
poetry; cf. Verg. A. 6. 230-231 spar- 
gens vore levi et ramo felicis olivae * 
lustravit... viros; Hor. C. 3. 4. 
61-62 (Apollo) gzz rore puro Casta- 
Jae lavit crinis solutos. The word 
suggests that the supply is limited 
or that water is gently applied in 
some way.— foveri: often used of 
applying healing (prop. ‘warm’) 
remedies to the human body; then 
used generally as = freshen, cheer, 
etc. — cum, although.— Marcia: 
the aqueduct known as Aqua Mar- 
cia, which, because of the poor qual- 
ity of the watersupplied by the Anio 
Vetus and the inadequacy of the 
Aqua Appia, Q. Marcius Rex was 
empowered to construct in 144 B.C. 


9. 22. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


213 


Quam dederis nostris, Auguste, penatibus undam, 
Castalis haec nobis aut Iovis imber erit. 


19 


Laudas balnea versibus trecentis 
cenantis bene Pontici, Sabelle : 
vis cenare, Sabelle, non lavari. 


22 


Credis ob haec me, Pastor, opes fortasse rogare 
propter quae populus crassaque turba rogat, 
ut Setina meos consumat gleba ligones 
et sonet innumera compede Tuscus ager, 


Its water was highly esteemed. — 
fonte: one of the many fountains 
which the aqueducts supplied. — 
sonet: hisinability to use the water 
is the more exasperating in that he 
can hear it as it leaps or spouts. 

7-8. Quam...undam... 
haec: the antec. is thus regularly 
incorporated in the relative clause 
when the relative clause precedes. 
— Auguste: regular title of the 
reigning emperor. — penatibus: 
see on Jazes, 2; cf. 4. 64. 29. — un- 
dam = aquam, lympham, a use 
frequent in the poets (with the 
suggestion of plentiful supply; 
contrast note on zoe, 5); cf. 6. 42. 
19-20 guae (the Marcia) tam caz- 
dida, tam serena lucet ut nullas ibi 
suspiceris undas. — Castalis... 
nobis: i.e. not only because of the 
clearness and purity of the water, 
but because the material help will 
inspire poetic effort. M. is here 
referring in complimentary terms to 
Domitian’s literary aspirations; in 
5. 6.18 he calls Domitian dominus 
"ovem sororum.— lovis imber: 
Cf. 5. 8. 1 N.; 8.24. 

Ig. ‘Sabellus is a dinner- 
hunter’, Cf. z. 11. — Meter: § 49. 


1. balnea: see 2. 14. 11-12 N. 
— trecentis: cf. 1. 43. I N. 

22. M. professes to despise the 
reasons which prompt the vulgar 
crowd to crave wealth. His own 
reasons for desiring it, which are 
made more forceful by his abrupt- 
ness (16), may beafterallonly a hint 
of what hehopes thatothers will do 
for him. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. haec: i.e. desire for landed 
estates, fine furniture and plate, 
outward display, etc., described in 
3-14- 

2. populus here= vz/gus,those 
who see in wealth only means for 
vulgar enjoyment. Of this class 
the rich freedmen afforded daily 
a lively illustration. See App.— 
crassa, coarse, gross, thick-headed. 

3. Setina: see 4. 64. 33-34 N. 
This word is the most important 
in this vs., which = ‘that the soil 
which wears out ... may be that 
of Setia itself'.— gleba: see 5. 
13. 7 N. — ligones lit. = hoes, mat- 
tocks, but, as in 4. 64. 32, carries a 
secondary reference to the slaves 
who handle them. 

4. Sonet... ager: the great 
estates were tilled by slaves, the 


214 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 22. 5 


5 ut Mauri Libycis centum stent dentibus orbes 
et crepet in nostris aurea lamna toris, 
nec labris nisi magna meis crystalla terantur 
et faciant nigras nostra Falerna nives, 
ut canusinatus nostro Syrus assere sudet 
10 et mea sit culto sella cliente frequens, 
aestuet ut nostro madidus conviva ministro, 


least reliable of whom by day 
worked in chain-gangs and were 
loaded with fetters, and'at night 
were housed in horrible quarters 
(frequently underground) known 
as ergastula. — sonet: cf. Tib. z. 
6. 25-26 spes etiam valida solatur 
compede vinctum: crura sonant 
ferro, sed canit inter opus. —innu- 
mera compede: the slaves on 
the great estates (/atifundia) were 
numbered by the hundred. For 
innumerus with the sing. cf. 8. 
53. 2 Znnumero quotiens silva leone 
furit; see also on r. 70. 6. — 
compede: cf. Ov. Pont. r. 6. 31-32 
haec facit, ut vivat. fossor quoque 
compede vinctus liberaque a ferro 
crura futura putet; luv. 11. 80; 
Tib. 2. 6. 25, cited on soze? above. 

5. Mauri... orbes: seeon 2. 
43. 9: 7. 48. 1. — Libycis... den- 
tibus: see on I. 72. 4; 2. 43. 9; 5. 


37: 5. 

6. crepet...lamna: the ex- 
posed parts of the /ectus were 
veneered with expensive woods or 
covered with plates of gold orsilver 
(amnae) or with gold leaf (&raczea). 
But this interpretation makes cre- 
pet difficult to explain; how could 
firmly fastened /azzaerattle? Per- 
haps M. means ‘that gold plate may 
rattle over my dinner-couches 
(tables)'. For this use of Jamza 
see Ov. F. 1. 208 at levis argenti 
lammina crimen erat (i.e. to own 
silver plate, thin plate, too, of little 


weight, once exposed one to criti- 
cism). In this case /amna suggests 
the delicacy and value of the plate. 
— toris = Zeczzs, or rather mensis; 
see 2. I6. I, 3. 

7. nec... terantur = e£zulla 
(pocula) nisi magna, etc., ‘that no 
goblet, save huge goblets of pure 
crystal, shall be fretted by my lips’. 
—crystalla (ie. pocwla): see 1. 
53-6; 10. 66. 5. 

8. nigras... nives: cf. 8.55. 
I4 N.,8.77. 5 candida nigrescant ve- 
tulo crystalla Falerno. IVigras is 
pred. accusative. 

9. canusinatus: i.e. attired in 
a paenula (see 1. 103. 5-6 N.) of red 
or dark Canusian wool, the ordi- 
nary livery of Zecticarzz. Therégion 
about Canusium in Apulia pro- 
duced excellent wool; cf. 14. 127; 
Suet. Ner. 30 canusinatis mutio- 
"ibus. Even the slaves of the rich 
wear luxurious clothing. — nostro 

.. sudet: ie. ‘sweat under my 
litter-poles’. For the sedan-chair 
(lectica, sella) see on 2. 57.6; 3. 46. 4. 
— Syrus: Syrians and Cappa- 
docians were much in demand as 
lecticarít, though some preferred 
Medes or Germans. 

10. sit... frequens: i.e.accom- 
panied by a great retinue of well- 
clad clients; cf. 2. 57. — culto, 
natty, well-dressed. — frequens, 
thronged; see on 5. 13. 3. 

11-12. aestuet...velis:ie.be 
able to give a great banquet where 


9. 22. 16] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


215 


quem permutatum nec Ganymede velis, 
ut lutulenta linat Tyrias mihi mula lacernas 
et Massyleum virga gubernet ecum. 
15 Est nihil ex istis: superos ac sidera testor. 
Ergo quid ? ut donem, Pastor, et aedificem. 


the cup-bearers shall be the most 
beautiful (and expensive) boys the 
slave market can afford. Cf. the 
picture in 8. 55. 13-16. — aestuet, 
fall in love with.— quem... 
velis: *whom you would decline 
to exchange even for Ganymedes’. 
— permutatum . . . Ganymede: 
verbs of exchanging (mutare, ver- 
zere,and compounds) take properly 
an acc. of the thing surrendered, an 
abl. of the thing taken in exchange. 
The abl. is instr.; the idea is that 
of changing one thing by means 
of another (substituted for it). In 
practice, however, either thing is 
put in the acc., and the other, of 
course, stands then in theabl. See 
alsoon r.41. 4-5.— Withquem... 
velis cf. 2. 43. 13; Iuv. 5. 56-57 flos 
Asiae ante ipsum pretio maiore 
paratus quam fuit et Tulli census 
pugnacis et Anci. —nec: see on 
1. 109. 20. 

13-14. The mule held much the 
same place as a road animal in 
ancient times as the horse has 
held in more recent days (cf. e.g. 
Hor. S. 1. 6. 104-105), and still 
plays an important róle in classic 
lands,esp.in Greece. Toavoidthe 
fate mentioned here people rode 
much in the ges/azie; cf. 1. 12, with 
notes; Luv. 7. 178-181. — Massy- 
leum ... ecum: a horse of Nu- 
midian blood and training; cf. 10. 
14. 2; 12. 24. 6. The Massyli occu- 
pied what is to-day eastern Algeria, 
part of ancient Numidia. The 
Numidians were famous horsemen, 
as the Romans had come to know, 


* 


esp. since Hannibal's time; Nu- 
midianslaves were much in demand 
as drivers and outriders. See Fried. 
SG. 2. 35 ff. The Massylian horses 
were perfectly broken, being taught 
to obey the whip, spur, and voice 
without the aid of bridle. Cf. Luc. 
4. 682-683 et gens, quae nudo resi- 
dens Massylia dorso ora levi flectit 
Jrenorum nescia virga. The an- 
cients generally appear to have 
depended more on the whip than 
do modern horsemen. See App. 
— gubernet: sc. mzhi, from 13. 

15. Sidera: see 7. 92. 9 N.— 
ac: the only occurrence of ac in 
M. On afgue and ac in Juvenal 
and Martialsee Lease, Gildersleeve 
Studies, 412 ff. 

16. ut... aedificem: these 
words are to be interpreted in part 
simply, at their face value, in part 
as a hint to Pastor; see Introd. 
M. seems to be speaking somewhat 
bitterly; his Nomentanum and his 
city house were both modest; see 
9. I8, with notes. The mania for 
building great town houses and ex- 
tensive villas in the mountains and 
on the seashore was acute; see, 
Fried. SG. 3. 107; 3. 58, with notes; 
Iuv. 14. 86-95; Sen. Ep. 89. 21; 
Hor. C. 3. 1. 33-37- 

26. The man whose poetic 
ability is here lauded was after- 
ward the emperor Nerva. Pliny, 
in defending himself for dabbling 
in verse (Ep. 5. 3. 5), after citing a 
number of well-known names, adds: 
et si non sufficiunt exempla privata, 
divum Julium, divum Augustum, 


216 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 26. 1 


26 


Audet facundo qui carmina mittere Nervae 
pallida donabit glaucina, Cosme, tibi, 

Paestano violas et cana ligustra colono, 
Hyblaeis apibus Corsica mella dabit : 

5 sed tamen et parvae nonnulla est gratia Musae ; 

appetitur posito vilis oliva lupo. 

Nec tibi sit mirum, modici quod conscia vatis 
iudicium metuit nostra Thalia tuum : 


divum Nervam, Tiberium Caesa- 
vem (decuit poesis). See $20. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

1. facundo characterizes Nerva 
as poet; cf. 1. 61. 8 N. It may con- 
tain an additional compliment; the 
grandfather and father of Nerva 
had been distinguished jurists, an 
ability which Nerva himself prob- 
ably shared. Cf.8.70.1 guanta quies 
placidi tanta est facundia Nervae. 

2. pallida... glaucina: an oil 
or perfume of some kind, made, 
perhaps, from the plant called 
glaucium,celandine; see Plin. N.H. 
27. 83. — Cosme: one might infer 
that Cosmus stood at this time at 
the head of perfumers in Rome; 
cf. 1.87. 2 pastillos Cosmi luxuriosa 
Voras; 3. 55. 1—2; 3. 82. 26 et Cosmi- 
anis ipse fusus ampullis 6.55.3 N.; 
II. 15. 5; 14. 59. 2; 14. 146. 1; Luv. 
8. 85-86 dignus morte perit, cenet 
licet ostrea centum Gaurana et Cosmi 
toto mergatur aéno. Donabit... 
libi thus suggests a superfluous, 
senseless act, like ‘carrying coals 
to Newcastle’. Further, pallida 
must mean that yellow (see on 1. 
41. 4; 8.14.1) glaucina was infe- 
rior; the adj. will then play the róle 
sustained by. Corsica, 4. 

3. Paestano...colono: see 
on 5. 37. 9; 6. 80. 6. — violas... 
ligustra: not likely to be appreciated 


by one who had the finest of red 
roses. — cana ligustra: cf. Ov. 
M. 13. 789 candidior folio mivei, 
Galatea, ligustri;Verg. E. 2. 18 alba 
ligustra cadunt. 

4. Hyblaeis apibus: see on 
5. 39. 3; 7. 88. 8. — Corsica mella: 
Corsican honey was so inferiorthat 
the bees of Hybla would despise 
it; cf. r1. 42. 3-4; Ov. Am. 1. 12. 
9-10; Plin. N. H. 30. 28 cum melle 
Corsico, quod asperrimum habetur. 

5-6. sed... lupo: ‘but still 
there is a demand for common 
products; fine fish and common 
relishes may go together; though 
one cannot rival Nerva, he need 
not maintain absolute silence'.— 
et — efiam, even. — appetitur 
...lupo: ie. people who rave 
over the Zufus o not think the 
less of the viZs o//va. — posito: 
cf. 1.43. 2 N. — lupo: cf. 2. 37. 4i 
2. 40. 4; IO. 30. 21; II. 49.9 mune 
et emam grandemve lupum mul. 
lumve bilibrem. 

7. tibi: Nerva. — modici... 
vatis: to our feeling modic/ carries 
the main part of the thought; we 
should say, 'conscious of the 
mediocrity of the poet'. — vatis: 
Martial. 

8. iudicium: critical acumen, 
literary taste. — nostra Thalia: 
see on 4. 8. 12; 8. 3. 9. 


9. 46. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


217 


ipse tuas etiam veritus Nero dicitur aures, 
10 lascivum iuvenis cum tibi lusit opus. 


Cappadocum saevis Antistius occidit oris 


Rusticus. 


O tristi crimine terra nocens! 


Rettulit ossa sinu cari Nigrina mariti 
et questa est longas non satis esse vias, 


s cumque daret sanctam tumulis quibus invidet urnam 


, 


visa sibi est rapto bis viduata viro. 


Gellius aedificat semper: modo limina ponit, 
nunc foribus claves aptat emitque seras, 
nunc has, nunc illas reficit mutatque fenestras. 
Dum tantum aedificet, quidlibet ille facit, 
s .oranti nummos ut dicere possit amico 
unum illud verbum Gellius * Aedifico ". 


9. ipse... aures: the efforts 
of Nero to pass for poet and mu- 
sician are well known. 

ro. lascivum . . . opus: cf. on 
I. 4. 8; 4. 14. 12. — iuvenis, zz the 
days of his youth. Nero was but 
thirty-one when he died. — lusit: 
Cf. I. 113. 18.58. 3. 2; Hor. C. 4.9.9 
sz quid olim lusit Anacreon. 

30. See 4. 75, with notes. — 
Meter: § 48. 

r. saevis... oris: cf. 6. 85. 
3-4 (of another man) zmpza Cappa- 
docum tellus et numine laevo visa 
Tibi cineres reddit et ossa patri. 

3. Rettulit... sinu: she as- 
sumed personal charge of the cin- 
erary urn, carrying it as something 
too precious to be intrusted to 
another. So Agrippina, the widow 
of Germanicus, bore his ashes from 
Syria to Rome; see Tac. Ann. 2. 


75 


4. longas...vias: it was a 
last mournful privilege — too soon 
over — to bear and guard the ashes 
of her dead. For the rhyme see 
§ 48, we 

5. sanctam: because it con- 
tains the ashes of a sanctus homo. 
— invidet: on account of theirnew 
acquisition, her husband’s ashes. 

6. bis viduata: first, when he 
died, again, when she must finally 
surrender his ashes. 

46. ‘Gellius seeks to hide his 
parsimony by saying “Iam building 
and so have no spare cash”’. On 
the passion for building see 9. 22. 
16 N. — Meter: $ 48. 

1-2. modo... nunc: either 
modo...modo or nunc... nunc 
(3) is more regular. 

4. Dum tantum = dummodo; 
cf. lantum, ‘only’, with subjv. 
in 10. 34. 6; 11. 84. 12. 


218 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


48 


[9. 48. 1 


Heredem cum me partis tibi, Garrice, quartae 
per tua iurares sacra caputque tuum, 

credidimus — quis enim damnet sua vota libenter ? — 
et spem muneribus fovimus usque datis, 

sinter quae rari Laurentem ponderis aprum 

misimus: Aetola de Calydone putes. 

At tu continuo populumque patresque vocasti ; 
ructat adhuc aprum pallida Roma meum: 

ipse ego — quis credat ? — conviva nec ultimus haesi, 


IO 


sed nec costa data est caudave missa mihi. 


De quadrante tuo quid sperem, Garrice? nulla 
de nostro nobis uncia venit apro. 


48. M. humorously relates how, 
though he threw out his best bait as 
acaptator (see 1.10; s. 39; 6. 63), he 
himself was caught.— Meter: § 48. 

1. Heredem... quartae = 
heredem ex quadrante... & sole heir 
was heres ex asse; cf. 3. 10. 5 Zdem 
te moriens heredem ex asse reliquit. 
— me: sc. fore. — Garrice: see 
App. ] 

3. quis... vota: i.e. what man 
would not give his hopes a chance? 

4. spem: ie. of a fat legacy. 
— fovimus, zursed; cf. 9. 18. 5 N. 
— usque: as in 6. 51. 3. 

5. rari... aprum: the flavor of 
the Laurentian boar was not, how- 
ever, accounted as fine as that of 
the Umbrian and Tuscan animals. 
Cf. Hor. S. 2. 4. 42 nam Laurens 
malus est, ulvis et harundine pin- 


uis. Forthe boar at the ceza see 
I. 43. 2 N. 
6. Aetola... putes: the an- 


imal made one think of the Caly- 
donian boar, that ravaged Aetolia 
about Calydon until it was slain by 
Meleager. Cf. 13. 93 (ager) qui Dio- 
medeis metuendus saetiger agris 


Aetola cecidit cuspide talis erat; Luv. 
5. 114-116 ante ipsum... flavi 
dignus ferro Meleagri spumat aper. 

7. populumque patresque: as 
if the dinner were an imperial ban- 
quet to which the mob, as well as 
the élite, were bidden; cf. 8. 49. 
7-8 vescitur omnis eques tecum popiu- 
lusque patresque et capit ambrosias 
cum duce Roma dapes. 

8. pallida: either because of 
overeating or from the disgusting 
but common use of*emetics. See 
App. 

9. ipse ego: doubly emphatic: 
‘T, the one man of all who deserved 
to be invited, was left out!' —nec . 
— ne...quidem ;see on I. 109. 20. 
— haesi: sc. eco. The word sug- 
gests that not even the smallest 
part of a couch was given to M. 

10. nec: as in 9.— costa... 
cauda: the meanest parts. Verses 
9-10 = ‘Not only was I not invited, 
but not even a morsel was sent to 
me to my house’. 

11-12, Dequadrante: seeon I. 
— tuo and nostro are the impor- 
tant words, standing in emphatic 


9. 59. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


219 


52 


Si credis mihi, Quinte, quod mereris, 
natalis, Ovidi, tuas Aprilis 
ut nostras amo Martias Kalendas. 
Felix utraque lux diesque nobis, 

5 signandi melioribus lapillis ! 
hic vitam tribuit, sed hic amicum. 
Plus dant, Quinte, mihi tuae Kalendae. 


59 


In Saeptis Mamurra diu multumque vagatus, 
hic ubi Roma suas aurea vexat opes, 


contrast; uncia too is important. 
The whole = ‘Why should I hope 
to get the whole of the promised 
fourth of your property? You gave 
me not one twelfth of my boar!’ 

52. M. declares that the birth- 
day of his friend Q. Ovidius has 
brought him more than has his 
own. Q. Ovidius (§ 20) was a coun- 
try neighbor of M. at Nomentum. 
Fried. thinks it probable that he 
and M. were clients of Seneca and 
owed to him their little estates. 
It is said that Ovidius voluntarily 
accompanied into exile another 
friend, Caesonius Maximus, who 
was banished in connection with 
Piso’s conspiracy. See Fried. SG. 
3- 443.— Meter: § 49. 

1. quod mereris: freely, as you 
deserve. Strictly, however, guod is 
the rel. pronoun; its antec. is the 
clause zatalis... Kalendas, 2-3. 

2. natalis: see 7. 86. 1 N. — 
Aprilis : sc. Kalendas. 

3. nostras... Kalendas: § 3. 

4-5. Felix,/zc£y, andso worthy 
of the melzores lapilli. —melioribus 
lapillis: ie. with white counters; 
unlucky days were des atri. The 
custom of marking lucky days with 
white stones or white marks (cf. 


Eng. ‘red-letter days’) andunlucky 
days with black marks was.re- 
garded as of eastern origin; it was 
referred to the Scythians, the Cre- 
tans, andthe Thracians. Cf. e.g. 8. 
45.2; 12. 34. 5-7; Pers. 2. 1-2 hunc, 
Macrine, diem numera meliore la- 
pillo qui tibi labentis apponit candi- 
dus annos; Plin. Ep. 6. 11. 3 o diem 
laetum. notandumque mihi candi- 
dissimo calculo; Tib. 1. 7. 63-64 at 
tu, natalis, multos celebrande per 
annos, candidior semper candidior- 
que veni; Catull 107. 6 o Jucem 
candidiore nota; 68. 148; Hor. C. 
1. 36. 10; Aeven oos; German Dez 
Tag will ich mir im Kalender rot 
anstreichen. — signandi: the pl. is 
natural enough, since (ztergue) 
dies, 4, virtually = ambo dies. 

6. hic...hic: for the more 
frequent fic... illic. 

7. Plus: ie. than my own. 

59. Ashopping picture, whose 
scene is the great bazaar, the Saepta 
Iulia (see2. 14. 5 N.). A pretended 
purchaser (a man!) makes endless 
trouble for the salesfolk but in the 
end buys next to nothing. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

2. aurea: in the Saepta the 
golden splendor of Rome could be 


220 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 59. 3 


inspexit molles pueros oculisque comedit, 
non hos, quos primae prostituere casae, 
5 Sed quos arcanae servant tabulata catastae 
et quos non populus nec mea turba videt. 
Inde satur mensas et opertos exuit orbes 
expositumque alte pingue poposcit ebur, 
et testudineum mensus quater hexaclinon 


seen, as it were, massed. Cf. Ov. 
A. A. 3. 113-114 zeuze aurea Roma 
est et domiti magnas possidet orbis 
opes; Aus. Ord. Urb. Nob. t prima 
urbes inter, divum domus, aurea 
Roma.—vexat, harries, ie. sub- 
jects to grievous wear and tear at 
the whim of buyers. Rome is said 
to do what her sons do; see ont. 
I5. 7. 

3. inspexit: cf. 6. 82. 2 N.; Io. 
8o. 1-2 orat Eros, quotiens macu- 
Josae pocula murrae inspicit (in the 
Saepta) aut pueros nobiliusve ci- 
trum.— molles, soft, effeminate. 
Such beautiful boys were service- 
able as cup-bearers and pages (9. 
22. 11-12 N.). They commanded 
fabulous prices. — oculis . . . 
comedit: cf. 1.96. 12 spectat oculis 
devorantibus draucos. 

4. quos... casae: whom the 
slave-pens, first seen on entering 
the bazaar, exposed to the vulgar 
gaze. 

5. arcanae... catastae: the 
catasta (karác rasis) was the scaf- 
fold or elevated stage on which the 
slave was exposed for sale. Cf. 
10. 76. 3-4. To render inspection 
easier, it was sometimes made to 
revolve. On this arcana catasta 
‘private sales’ took place. The 
catasta, if movable, was probably 
made of wood. But see below, on 
tabulata. — servant, reserve. — 
tabulata: prop. ‘planking’, *floor- 
ing'; then, often, 'story' (of a 


building, siege tower, etc.). Per- 
haps, then, the pl. Zaóz/ata looks to 
the various stories of the building, 
each of which had its cazasza; in 
that case the primae catastae were 
on the ground floor. 

6. populus almost = vzgus; cf. 
9. 22. 2.— mea turba: i.e. ‘com- 
mon folks like myself’. 

7. satur: ie. with looking (cf. 
oculis .. . comedit, 3).— opertos 
... Orbes: see 2. 43. 9; 7. 48. 1. 
The expensive tables were covered 
with gausape to keep them from 
being scratched; cf. 14. 139. I zo- 
bilius villosa tegant tibi lintea ci- 
trum.— exuit: Mamurra has the 
covers removed that he may prop- 
erly inspect the tables. 

8. expositum... ebur:hehas 
theivory supports, that hung above 
the tables, taken down. See r. 72. 
4 N.; 2. 43. 91 5. 37. 5. — alte: the 
harder they are to get down, the 
better Mamurra is pleased. — pin- 
gue: greasy, oily, with the oil with 
which the ivory was rubbed and 
polished. 

9. testudineum... hexa- 
clinon: the ordis required a dif- 
ferent sort of dinner couch from 
that needed with the old-fashioned 
rectangular mensa. Hence a new 
style of lectus, called sigma (from 
its resemblance to the Greek letter 
C, Sigma) or stébadium, was forth- 
coming. The sigma was not re- 
stricted to three persons; cf. 10. 


- 


9. 59. 17] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


221 


10 ingemuit citro non satis esse suo. 
Consuluit nares an olerent aera Corinthon 
culpavit statuas et, Polyclite, tuas, 
et turbata brevi questus crystallina vitro 
murrina signavit seposuitque decem. 
15 Expendit veteres calathos et si qua fuerunt 
pocula Mentorea nobilitata manu, 
et viridis picto gemmas numeravit in auro, 


48.6. The hexaclinon could accom- 
modate six. That the sigma might 
in elegance match the ors, it 
was inlaid or veneered with silver, 
ivory, or tortoise-shell Cf. Dig. 
32. 100. 4 Zectos testudineos pedibus 
inargentatos. — quater: as if he 
could not give up the thought of 
buying. Zzgemuit, 10, also marks 
his pretended interest. 

10. ingemuit...esse: forcon- 
struction see on I. 70. 8. — citro — 
orbi. See on 2. 43. 9. 

11, Consuluit.. . Corinthon: 
the manufacture of the ware known 
as aes Corinthium was even in 
antiquity one of the lost arts. 
Naturally, imitations were sold. 
Connoisseurs professed to identify 
the genuine ware by its peculiar 
smell, The story of the origin of 
this ware given in Plin. N. H. 34.6 
(cf. 34. 8-on the ¢rza genera) ap- 
pears fanciful. See Beck. 1. 43.— 
Corinthon: acc. of effect (inner 
object); see on 5. 66. 2. 

12. culpavit: perhaps to air his 
special knowledge of art; perhaps 
he questions their genuineness, to 
get a better price. For Polyclitus 
see 8. 50. 2 N. 

I3. brevi... vitro, by a speck 
of common glass. 

14. murrina (vasa): vessels of 
murra. Somehold that zzrzra was 
fluorspar, others that it was red and 
white agate (the most probable 


view), still others argue that it was 
porcelain. It is clear from Plin. 
N.H. 33.5 that it wasa mineral sub- 
stance found in the East; hence it 
cannot have been porcelain (which 
is a manufactured product). Pom- 
pey the Great first brought such 
vessels to Rome as part of the 
booty of the Mithridatic War. 
Enormous sums were paid for pure 
murrina; Nero paid for a capis 
murrina 1,000,000 sestertz. Cf. 3. 
26, 2-3 aurea solus habes, murrina 
solus habes, Massica solus habes et 
Opimi Caecuba solus; luv. 7. 133 
empturus pueros, argentum, mur- 
rina, villas. — signavit : i.e. he had 
them marked with his seal. — de- 
cem: an important word; he acted 
as if he were going to make a very 
elaborate purchase. 

1s. Expendit: ie. he held in 
his hand and examined critically. 
— veteres is emphatic; age added 
value. Cf.8.6, with notes.— cala- 
thos: see 8. 6. 16 N. — si qua — 
quaecumque, omnia quae. The 
words imply that such cups were 
scarce. 

16. Mentorea... 
qon a. : 

iy. viridis . . . gemmas: Le. 
emeralds (szaragdz), which were 
in high esteem ; cf. 4. 28. 4; 5. 11. 
1-2; 11. 27. 10 (me. . . poscat amica) 
aut virides gemmas sardonychasve 
pares. See Fried. SG. 3. 79. — 


manu: see 


222 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9 59. 18 


quidquid et a nivea grandius aure sonat. 
Sardonychas veros mensa quaesivit in omni 
20 et pretium magnis fecit iaspidibus. 
Undecima lassus cum iam discederet hora, 
asse duos calices emit et ipse tulit. 


Seu tu Paestanis genita es seu Tiburis arvis, 
seu rubuit tellus Tuscula flore tuo, 
seu Praenestino te vilica legit in horto, 


picto... in auro: the gold is re- 
splendent ( 2zcZo) with the emeralds 
which adorn it. Such Oriental 
ornamentation came much into 
vogue at Rome. Cf. 14. 109; Plin. 
N.H. 33. 5 urba gemmarum pota- 
mus et smaragdis teximus calices; 
luv. 10. 26-27 func a (poison) 
time, cum pocula sumes gemmata. 
— numeravit: he is bound to get 
the worth of 77s money. 

18. quidquid . . . sonat: he 
counted also the big pearls or drops 
in a pendant such as might adorn 
a woman's ear. See I. 109. 4 N. ; 
Iuv. 6. 458-459 cum virides gem- 
mas collo circum dedit et cum auribus 
extentis magnos commisit elenchos 
Fried. SG. 3. 81 ff. — grandius may 
be adv. with sozaz, or adj. with 
quidquid. 

19. Sardonychas: cf. 4. 28. 4; 
5. II. I-2.-— veros: see Ápp.— 
mensa...in omni: ie. of the 
sellers of gems. 

20. pretium... fecit, set a 
price on, he made an offer for. Cf. 
1. 85. 7 N. — magnis . . . iaspi- 
dibus: the size adds to the value. 
See 5. 11. 1; Verg. A. 4. 261 ZH 
(Aeneas) stellatus iaspide fulva 
ensis erat; Iuv. 5. 43-45. 

22. asse . . . emit: the point 
lies in the contrast. He spends one 


copper coin, whereas the goods he 
had examined or had caused to be 
laid aside for him were worth mil- 
lions of seszeziz. He had spent a 
day to accomplish what might have 
been done in a minute or two; 
despite his airs he was not accom- 
panied by a single Pedzsecus, where- 
as a retinue of slaves would have 
been necessary to carry the numer- 
ous articles he had pretended to 
be so anxious to purchase. 

60. To a rose-chaplet sent by 
M. to his friend Caesius Sabinus 
of Sassina. In 7. 97. 2 M. calls 
Sabinus montanae decus. Umbriae, 
and then says (5-7): zustent mille 
dicet premantgue (eum) curae, no- 
stris carminibus tamen vacabit,, 
nam me diligit ille. — Meter: § 48. 

a. The repeated seu in 1-4 
showsthat M. does notknow where 
the roses that he has bought in 
Rome grew, and that it does not 
matter. — Paestanis . . . arvis: 
cf. 5. 37. 9 N. — Tiburis: Tibur ap- 
pears, however, to have been more 
famed for fruit than for roses. 

2. tellus Tuscula: Tib. r. 7. 57 
has Zwscula tellus; see on Tuscu- 
los... colles, 4. 64. 13.—flore: col- 
lective singular; see on 1. 41. 6. 

3. Praenestino...horto: cf. 
Plin. N. H. 21. 16 genera eius (the 


9. 61. 5] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


223 


seu modo Campani gloria ruris eras, 


pulchrior ut nostro videare corona Sabino, 


de Nomentano te putet esse meo. 


61 


In Tartesiacis domus est notissima terris, 
qua dives placidum Corduba Baetin amat, 
vellera nativo pallent ubi flava metallo 
et linit Hesperium brattea viva pecus. 


5 


rose) zostri fecere celeberrima Prae- 
nestinaqn et Campanam ,21. 20 prae- 
cox (rosa) Campana est,sera Milesia, 
novissime tamen desinit Praene- 
stina. —vilica: the wife of the vzZ- 
cus (see 2. 11. 9); cf. 10. 48. 7-8. 

4. Campani . . . ruris: see 
Plin. N. H. 21. 16, cited on 3; 18. 
III. 

6. Nomentano... meo: see 2. 
38.1 N. 

61. On a plane-tree (Platanus 
orientalis, represented in the west- 
ern world to-day by the Platanus 
occidentalis, the American syca- 
more or buttonwood) set out by 
Julius Caesar in the peristylium of 
a house at Corduba in Spain. On 
the plane-tree, ‘the aristocratic 
tree’ of antiquity, see Hehn 283 ff. 
— Meter: § 48. 

I, Tartesiacis = fas; cf. 
7. 28. 3; 8. 28. 5; Sil. 13. 674 Zar- 
Tessia tellus; 15. 5-6. 

2. dives...Corduba:asacom- 
mercial center Corduba was sur- 
‘passed in Spain only by Gades. See 
I.61.8-9. — placidum... Baetin: 
cf. 8. 28. s-6 an Tartestacus, stabuli 
nutritor Hiberi, Baetis in Hesperia 
te quoque lavit ove? In writing 
placidum M. speaks from observa- 
tion. — amat: because ofits beauty 
and its commercial advantages. 


Aedibus in mediis totos amplexa penates 


3-4. vellera . . . pecus: the 
Sheep of this region had wool of 
a golden or blond hue; cf. 5. 37. 
7-8; 12.63. 3-5 (Corduba) a/& quae 
superas oves Galaesi nullo murice 
nec cruore mendax, sed tinctis gregi- 
bus colore vivo; 14. 133. — nativo 
pallent... metallo: the wool has 
the pale yellow hue that Spanish 
gold possesses; cf. Ov. M. 11. 110 
saxum quoque palluit auro; Catull. 
64. 100. On pallor, pallidus, see on 
I. 41. 4; 8. 14. I5 cf. 8. 44. 10.— 
linit = zzaurat(Rader). Thesheep 
seem coated with gold, but the gold 
has life (zv2)! There is no thin 
artificial gilding (/razzeae) here such 
as is seen on animals in public 
spectacles or in temples (see Fried. 
SG. 2. 401-402), but nature’s own 
genuine work.—Hesperium, 
Spanish; cf. 8. 78. 6 Hesperio qui 
sonat orbe Tagus. 

5. aedibus in mediis: appar- 
ently the tree stood in the peri- 
stylium of the house; cf. Stat. Silv. 
I. 3. $9 guae medits servata penatibus 
aróor.— amplexa penates: ie. 
throwing its ample shade over the 
whole house. Cf. Verg. A. 2. 512— 
514 (of Priam's palace) aedibus in 
mediis ...veterrima laurus, incum- 
bens arae atque umbra complexa pe- 
nates; 7.59-67-(of Latinus's palace). 


224 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 61. 6 


stat platanus densis Caesariana comis, 
hospitis invicti posuit quam dextera felix, 
coepit et ex illa crescere virga manu. 
Auctorem dominumque nemus sentire videtur : 
10 sic viret et ramis sidera celsa petit, 
dumque fugit solos nocturnum Pana per agros, 
saepe sub hac latuit rustica fronde Dryas. 
Saepe sub hac madidi luserunt arbore Fauni 
terruit et tacitam fistula sera domum, 
15 atque oluere lares comissatore Lyaeo 


6. platanus:thenameis derived 
from maris, because of the broad 
leaves of the tree. ** Der Ruhm des 
Platanenbaums erfüllt das ganze 
Alterthum" (Hehn); cf. Plin. N. H. 
12. 6 quis non ture miretur arborem 
umbrae gratia tantum ex alieno pe- 
titam orbe? platanus haec est. — 
densis. . . comis: Caesar was pro- 


praetor in Further Spain in 61 B.C., 


If set out then, the tree was now 
over 150 years old. 

7. hospitis: Caesar would seem 
to have been asked by his host to 
set out the tree as a reminder of 
his visit. — posuit, set ozt. 

8. virga, sprout, shoot; cf. Ov. 
Rem. Am. 85-86 guae praebet ja- 
tas arbor spatiantibus umbras, quo 
posita est primum tempore virga 
Suit. 

9. Auctorem... videtur: i.e. 
whatever Caesar put hand to felt 
his power and responded to his 
touch; nature's realm, as well as 
his fellowmen, acknowledged him 
as dominus.—nemus: the tree is 
so large that it might almost be 
mistaken for a whole zemus; cf. 
Ov. M. 8. 743-744 stabat in his in- 
gens annoso robore quercus, una 
nemus. See App 

10. ramis . . . petit: if one 
standing in the peristylium viewed 


the tree at close range this hyper- 
bole would seem literally true. 

11-14. See App. 

11-12. fugit... Pana... Dry- 
as: there was ever need for the 
nymphs to be on the lookout for 
Pan; cf. Hor. C. 3. 18. 1 Faune, 
nympharum fugientum amator. — 
Pana: the Greek Pan rather than 
the Roman Faunus. — rustica... 
Dryas: some wood nymph, e.g. 
Echo or Pitys, whom Pan loved. 
Cf. Ov. M. 8. 746 saepe sub hac 
Dryades festas duxere choreas. For 
the position see on 1. 53. 8. 

13. madidi: see 1. 70. 9. 

14. terruit:i.e. has often roused 
the sleeper by a music that seemed 
unearthly.— fistula sera: ie. the 
strains ofa Faun playing in the dead 
of night on the pipe of Pan (cópry?) ; 
cf. Verg. E. 2. 32-33 Pan primus 
calamos cera coniungere pluris in- 
stituit. 

15. atque . . . Lyaeo: ‘yea, 
more;the Godof Wine "himseltheld 
his revels beneath its branches, till 
the whole house was fragrant with 
wine'. —lares: cf. 9. 18. 2 N. — 
comissatore Lyaeo: abl. abs. 
*when Bacchus himself was the 
reveler’. 

16. effuso... mero: poured 
out to make libations or spilled in 


9. 68. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


225 


crevit et effuso laetior umbra mero, 
hesternisque rubens deiecta est herba coronis 
atque suas potuit dicere nemo rosas. 
O dilecta deis, o magni Caesaris arbor, 
20 ne metuas ferrum sacrilegosque focos ; 
perpetuos sperare licet tibi frondis honores : 
non Pompeianae te posuere manus. 


Quid tibi nobiscum est, ludi scelerate magister, 
invisum pueris virginibusque caput ? 


revelry. It was supposed that the 
platanus liked wine and throve 
the better when wine was poured 
about it. See the story in Macr. 
S. 3. 13. 3. — laetior: freely, more 
beautifully, more luxuriantly. 

IJ. hesternis. . . coronis: ie. 
the turf was littered (lit. bent 
down) with the dinner chaplets of 
yesterday's banquet (see 5. 64. 4 N.). 
— rubens: pred. nom., and pro- 
leptic, ‘till it grew red’; the roses 
were flung in such profusion that 
the grass (kerba=gramen) ap- 
peared red. 

18. atque . . . rosas heightens 
the effect of rubens; the garlands 
lay mingled togetherin inextricable 
confusion. 

20, ne... focos: ‘no man will 
ever lay ax to your root; to make 
fire-wood of you would be to com- 
mit sacrilege by outraging Divus 
Caesar; the focis itself would lose 
its sacred character, if used to con- 
sume you’. — ferrum = securim. 

21. perpetuos belongs logically 
with frondis rather than with 
honores. 

22. non... manus = zon enim 
Pompeianae (sed Caesaris) te posu- 
ere manus. Caesar was everywhere 
successful, Pompey's line had been 


overwhelmed by failure and death. 
See on 9; cf. 5. 69; 5. 74. 

- To a schoolmaster whose 
noisy school near M.'s house on 
the Collis Quirinalis spoiled the 
poet's morning nap. On Roman 
teachers see Fried. SG. 1. 318 ff. 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1. Quid tibi . . . est: ‘what 
have you to do with ws ? why plague 
us?! Cf.2.22. 1 quid mihi vobiscum 
est, o Phoebe novemque sorores ? — 
ludi... magister: a teacher in 
the elementary school (= ypaypa- 
TwrT's), in distinction to the gram- 
maticus, who taught the schoolnext 
higher in rank, the school of gram- 
mar and literature. Cf. 10. 62. 1; 
12. 57. 5.— scelerate: M.’s pa- 
tience, if not his health, has been 
severely tried, and he curses the 
schoolmaster. On M.’s fondness 
for sleep see on z. 9o. 1o. 

2. invisum. . . caput: cf. 8. 3. 
15-16. — pueris virginibusque: 
the rising generation, those young 
and teachable; cf. 3. 69. 7-8; Hor. 
C. 3. 1. A virginibus puerisquecanto. 
— caput = vita = homo; cf. Hor. C. 
I. 24. 1-2 quis desiderio sit pudor 
aut modus tam cari capitis? on 
which Professor Shorey remarks: 
“This use of caput is warm with 


226 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 68. 3 


Nondum cristati rupere silentia galli: 
murmure iam saevo verberibusque tonas. 
s Tam grave percussis incudibus aera resultant, 
causidicum medio cum faber aptat equo, 
mitior in magno clamor furit amphitheatro, 
vincenti parmae cum sua turba favet. 


feeling, whether of love or hate", 
and cites Shelley, Adonais 3,** Thaw 
not the frost which binds so dear 
a head". Kápa and xepad7 are simi- 
larly used. 

3-4. Nondum... galli: cf. 14. 
223. I-2 surgite: iam vendit pueris 
Zentacula pistor cristataegue sonant 
undique lucis aves; Ov. Am. I. 13. 
17-18 £u (Aurora) Pueros sommo 
fraudas tradisque magistris ut sube- 
ant tenerae verbera saeva mus. 
— murmure, grumbling, scolding. 
— verberibus . . . tonas: disci- 
pline was severe in Roman schools 
and the ferw/a was often in use; 
cf. 10. 62. 10 ferulaegue tristes, 
sceptra paedagogorum ; 14.80; Luv. 
I. I5 e nos ergo manum ferulae 
subduximus, ‘I too have gone to 
school’. Hor. Ep. 2. 1. 70 has im- 
mortalized one of his teachers as 
plagosus Orbilins; Marq. 113; Wil- 
kins 49-50. — For the early hour at 
which Roman schools began cf. 9. 
29.7 matutini cirrata caterva ma- 
&istri, 12. 97. 4-5 negant vitam ludi 
magistri mane; luv. 7. 219-227 
(*work, teacher, work from mid- 
night and then remit part of the fee 
agreed on") dum modo non pereat 
totidem olfecisse lucernas quot. sta- 
bant pueri, cum totus decolor esset 
Flaccus (Horace) et haereret nigro 
Juligo Maroni (Vergil); Ov. Am. 
I. 13. 17, cited on 3. 

5. Tam grave, so loudly. Note 
varying forms of expression in 5-6, 
7-8.— aera: equestrian statues 
(cf. 6) were ordinarily of bronze. 


6. causidicum: see 1. 98. 2. — 
aptat: i.e. rivets the statue of the 
man to the back of the horse (cast 
separately), to complete the eques- 
trian statue. For equestrian statues 
of lawyers see Iuv. 7. 124-128; 
Fried. SG. r. 327 ff. 

7. in magno . . . amphithe- 
atro: the Flavian amphitheater 
had at this time been finished 
about fourteen years. See Lib. 
Spect. r. — clamor: the noise of 
cheering, applause. The /actzones 
of the theater and the amphithea- 
ter (see Fried. SG. 2. 388 ff.) were 
noisy enough, though not quite so 
violent and lawless as those of the 
circus (10. 48. 23 N.); cf. Lib. Spect. 
29. 3 missio saepe viris magno 
clamore petita est. — furit: it is not 
only a mob (ua, 8), but like an 
enraged wildbeast. Cf.Sil.16.319- 
328 (describing a race in the circus) 
tollitur in caelum furiali turbine 
clamor ... hic studio furit acris 
equi, furit ille magistri. 

8. parmae: for Zhraeci (me- 
tonymy); the gladiators known as 
Thraeces carried a parma (see 
on Lib. Spect. 29. 5). Not only 
individual gladiators but whole 
classes of gladiators had their 
special adherents. Those who 
favored the Thraeces were known 
as parmularii,those who supported 
the Sammnites and the mirmillones 
were called scztarii. Though the 
excesses of the factzones of the am- 
phitheater never equaled those of 
the circus, the spirit was the same; 


9. 88. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


227 


Vicini somnum — non tota nocte — rogamus, 
10 nam vigilare leve est, pervigilare grave est. 
Discipulos dimitte tuos: vis, garrule, quantum 
accipis ut clames, accipere ut taceas ? 


Lector et auditor nostros probat, Aule, libellos, 
sed quidam exactos esse poeta negat. 

Non nimium curo, nam cenae fercula nostrae 
malim convivis quam placuisse cocis. 


88 


Cum me captares, mittebas munera nobis : 
postquam cepisti, das mihi, Rufe, nihil. 

Ut captum teneas, capto quoque munera mitte, 
de cavea fugiat ne male pastus aper. 


cf. Quint. z. 11.2 A4Zzs (i.e. another 
rhetorician) percontanti Theodoreus 
an Apollodoreus esset * Ego" inquit 


“parmularius sum".— sua: see 
on 5. 56. 6. 

9. nontota nocte: see on 8. 14. 
5; 2. 5. I. 


ro. pervigilare: the emphasis 
is on the prefix, throughout the live- 
long night. Cf. Plaut. Amph. 314 
continuas has tris noctes pervigilavi. 

12. clames: derisive, daw/ (not 
teach); cf. clamor, 7. 

81. On an envious rival poet. 
Jealousy and petty spite seem to 
have had free course with the 
writers of antiquity. See Fried. 
SG. 3. 451 ff. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Lector, the private reader, 
and auditor, the hearer at a reci- 
tation or a dinner, together typify 
everybody except the poet of 2.— 
probat, approves.— Aule: the use 
of the Araenomen implies that M. 
is addressing some one with whom 
he is intimate (see on 8. 76. 1). 


Giese, 28, identifes Aulus with 
Aulus Pudens. See r2. 51. 

2. quidam... poeta: perhaps 
the guzdam of 9. 97. 1. — exactos, 
finished, polished; cf. 4. 86. 4 nil ex- 
actius eruditiusque est. See Saints- 
bury r. 263-264. 

3-4. nam... cocis: ‘the lit- 
erary feast I serve is meant for the 
public (cozvzvis) rather than for 
rival poets (cocis)’. M.thus insinu- 
ates that the poeta of 2 is cocus 
rather than true vates. 

88. To a legacy-hunter (see r. 
10; 5. 39) who, having caught his 
prey, ceased to feed it. — Meter: 

48. 
I. mittebas: note the tense; 
*you were always sending pres- 
ents’. 

2. postquam cepisti (me): i.e. 
*after you found that I had made 
you a legatee in my will’. 

4. de cavea .. . aper involves 
a metaphor where a simile would 
seem to us more natural; so often 


228 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[9. 97. 1 


97 


Rumpitur invidia quidam, carissime Iuli, 
quod me Roma legit, rumpitur invidia, 

rumpitur invidia, quod turba semper in omni 
monstramur digito, rumpitur invidia, 

s rumpitur invidia, tribuit quod Caesar uterque 

ius mihi natorum, rumpitur invidia, 

rumpitur invidia, quod rus mihi dulce sub urbe est 
parvaque in urbe domus, rumpitur invidia, 

rumpitur invidia, quod sum iucundus amicis, 


in Latin. M. means, ‘lest, if you 
give me nothing more, I shall 
break away from you (ie. erase 
your name from my will), as a boar 
when starved breaks out of his 
cage’. The cafiator is here, as often, 
represented asa hunter (more often 
still he is pictured as a fisherman) ; 
cf. Tac. Ann. 13. 42. 7 Romae testa- 
menta et orbos velut indagine eius 
(Seneca) cagz; Hor. Ep. 1. 1. 77-79 
sunt qui...excipiant senes quos in 
vivaria mittant. 

97- On some jealous enemy. 
Cf. 9. 81. — Meter: § 48. 

1i, Rumpitur invidia: cf. Verg. 
E. 7.25-26 Aedera crescentem or- 
nate poetam, Arcades, invidia rum- 
pantur ut tlia Codro; Ter. Ad. 369 
disrumpor (with anger or chagrin); 
Phaedr. 1.24. 2-10 (the story of the 
frog that sought to rival the dos); 
Otto s.v. Rumpo.— quidam: see 
9.81.2 N. —carissime Iuli: prob. 
Iulius Martialis; see 1.15; 4. 64; 
note on I. IO7. I. 

2. quod... legit: cf. 1. 1. 1-2 
N.; 3. 95. 7-8; 8. 61. 1, 3-7 Jivet 
Charinus, rumpitur, furit, Borat : 

. non iam quod orbe cantor et 
legor toto, nec... quod spargor per 
omnes Roma quas tenet gentes, sed 
quod sub urbe rus habemus aestivum 


vehimurque mulis non ut ante con- 
ductis. 

3. turba . . . in omni: ie. 
on the street, at the /zdz, etc. 

4. monstramur digito: cf. 
Pers. 1. 28 a£ pulchrum est digito 
monstrari et dicter “Hic est"; 
Hor. C. 4. 3. 22 quod monstror 
digito braetereuntium ; Plin. Ep. 9. 
23.4. See also on I. 1. I. 

5-6. tribuit. .natorum: see 
$8. The zus trzum liberorum was 
frequently granted to people who 
had fewer than three children or 
had no children at all (this was M.’s 
case). The emperors here meant 
are almost certainly Titus and 
Domitian; the latter apparently 
confirned what Titus had prom- 
ised or given. Mommsen, how- 
ever, Staats. 2. 888. 4, thinks the 


emperors were Vespasian and 
Titus. 
7. rus... Sub urbe: the No- 


mentanum; see z. 38, with notes; 
9. 18. 2; 9. 60. 6; 8. 61. 6-7, cited 
on 2. — dulce: because affording 
a refuge from the distractions and 
discomforts of the town. Cf. 3. 20. 
18 an Pollionis dulce currit ad 
quartum ? 

8. parva. . 


. domus:.see 9. 
18. 2. 


9. 100. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


229 


IO quod conviva frequens, rumpitur invidia, 
rumpitur invidia, quod amamur quodque probamur : 
rumpatur quisquis rumpitur invidia. 


100 


Denaris tribus invitas et mane togatum 
observare iubes atria, Basse, tua, 
deinde haerere tuo lateri, praecedere sellam, 
ad viduas tecum plus minus ire decem. 
5 Trita quidem nobis togula est vilisque vetusque : 
denaris tamen hanc non emo, Basse, tribus. 


11, probamur: cf. 9. 81.1. 

12. rumpatur: a curse, = ais- 
pereat; cf. Prop. 1. 8. 27 rum- 
gantur iniqui. 

IOO. Another variation of the 
client's dirge. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Denaris tribus: if this were 
promised as a daily dole, it was 
nearly twice as large as the normal 
sportula (100 quadrantes ; cf. 3. 7, 
with notes; 4. 26. 3). Sometimes, 
however, clients (and others) were 
employed for a special service, at 
special fees; see Plin. Ep. 2. 14. 6 
here duo nomenclatores mei ternis 
denariis ad laudandum traheban- 
tur. For the form denaris cf. 1. 
117.17 N.; 4. 18. 1.— mane toga- 
tum: the toga must be worn by 
the client and he must present 
himself early ; cf. 2. 29. 4 N.; 1. 108. 
7 sed tibi non multum est, unum si 
praesto togatum. — For the czesura 
see $ 47, c. 

2. Observare, keep my eyes al- 
ways on, dance attendance on. 

3. praecedere sellam: i.e.asan 
anteambulo (cf. 3. 7. 2 N.), a duty 
the more galling because it was 
ordinarily performed by slaves. 
See also 2. 57. 6 N. 


4. viduas: such women were 
much exposed to the arts of the 
legacy-hunters, esp. if childless; 
cf. 2. 32. 6 respondes " Orba est, 
dives, anus, vidua" ; Juv. 3. 127— 
130. Vetulas (see App.), sArzveled- 
up old women, also makes excel. 
lent sense. — plus minus... 
decem: cf. 8. 71. 4 venerunt plusve 
minusve duae (this latter passage 
well illustrates the rule that the 
omission of guam after plus, minus, 
longius, and amplius is normally 
without influence on the construc- 
tion). 

5. trita: see z. 58. 1 N. — to- 
gula: the dim. may imply that the 
toga was not voluminous enough 
to be fashionable, or may give an 
effect like ‘my poor (sorry) toga’. 
Cf. 3. 30. 3 unde tibi togula est et 
Jfuscae pensio cellae; 4. 26. 4 N.; 4. 
66. 3. — vetus: in town one ought 
not to wear one toga long; cf. 
10. 96. 11-12 guattuor hic (at 
Rome) aestate togae pluresve te- 
runtur, auctumnis ibi (in Spain) 
me quattuor una tegit. With the 
whole vs. cf. Ov. M. 8. 658-659 sed 
et haec vilisque vetusque vestis erat. 
See App. 


LIBER X 


2 


Festinata prior decimi mihi cura libelli 
elapsum manibus nunc revocavit opus. 

Nota leges quaedam, sed lima rasa recenti ; 
pars nova maior erit: lector, utrique fave, 

s lector, opes nostrae, quem cum mihi Roma dedisset, 

* Nil tibi quod demus maius habemus " ait. 

* Pigra per hunc fugies ingratae flumina Lethes 
et meliore tui parte superstes eris. 


2. On the revised edition of 
Book X. See § 13. — Meter: § 48. 

1-2. Festinata prior: the pub- 
lication had been hurried, appar- 
ently, to get the book ready forthe 
Saturnalia of 96. Festinata con- 
tains the logical subject of revoca- 
vit; render, ‘the hastewhich marked 
the publication of the earlier edi- 
tion. . . recalled (i.e. made it neces- 
sary to recall)'. The syntax, then, 
is that seen in the familiar axxo 
urbis conditae, or in angebant . . . 
Sicilia Sardiniague amissae, Liv. 
21. I. 5$. — cura : the work of prepa- 
ration and anxiety for the success 
of the book; cf. 1. 25. 6 N.; 1.66. 5. 
Festinata...curais really oxymoric. 
— elapsum: the book slipped out 
as if by stealth, or like an escaping 
bird (1. 3. 11 N.); it was not ezzs- 
sus, i.e. deliberately sent out after 
full preparation. 

3. Nota, familiar, because they 
appeared in the first edition. — 
lima, revzsion ; cf. Ov. Tr. 1. 7. 30 
defuit et scriptis ultima lima meis; 
Vor. A. P. 291 “mae labor. — rasa: 


a figure suggested by the literal 
sense of Zima; cf. Ov. Pont. 2. 4. 
17-18 utque meus lima vasus liber 
esset amici non semeladmonitu facta 
litura tuo est. 

4. utrique (Paz/): the xova 
pars of 4, the ota quaedam of 3. 

5. opes nostrae: in app. with 
lector: ‘you, reader, are everything 
to me; your favor makes or mars 
my position'. — quem: the Jec- 
tor; So hunc, 7. 

6. Nil. . . habemus: literary 
fame rather than wealth or prefer- 
ment is the greatest gift that Rome 
can bestow. 

7. Pigra... flumina: every- 
thing in the lower world lacks the 
activity associated with the life of 
earth. Flumina is pluralis maie- 
statis. — Lethes: see 7. 47. 4 N. 

8. meliore...parte: i.e.*your 
fame'; the poet's work is his true 
self. Cf. Hor. C. 3. 30. 6-7 multa- 
que pars met vitabit Libitinam ; Ov. 
Am. I. 15.42 vivam, parsque mei 
multa. superstes erit; M. 15. 875- 
876 parte tamen meliore mei super 


230 


IO. 5. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


231 


Marmora Messallae findit caprificus et audax 
10 dimidios Crispi mulio ridet equos : 
at chartis nec furta nocent et saecula prosunt, 
solaque non norunt haec monumenta mori ". 


Quisquis stolaeve purpuraeve contemptor 
quos colere debet laesit impio versu, 


alta perennis astra ferar, nomenque 
erit indelebile nostrum. 

9-12. See 8. 3. 5-8, with notes. 

9-19. Marmora denotes the 
monument itself (synecdoche). — 
Messallae: see 8. 3. 5 N. — findit 
...ridet: the tense makes it easy 
to take Messallae and Crispi in a 
generic sense, i.e. as standing for 
the rich and noble in general. — 
findit caprificus: cf. Iuv. 10. 143- 
146 Jaudzs titulique cupido haesurz 
Saxis cinerum custodibus, ad quae 
discutienda valent sterilis mala 
robora fici, quandoquidem data sunt 
ipsis quoque fata sepulcris.— 
audax: the mu/zo is a rude dolt, 
who has no respect even for death 
and its tokens and fears them not. 
— dimidios = dimidiatos, broken, 
mutilated; cf. luv. 8. 4-5 (quid 
prodest... . ostendere) Curios iam 
dimidios umerosque minorem Cor- 
vinum et Galbam auriculis nasoque 
carentem. — Crispi: see on findzt 
.  Fidet,9. M.was probably think- 
ing of C. Passienus Crispus, the 
second husband of Agrippina, who 
was mother of Nero by her for- 
mer husband. Cf. 12. 36. 8-9. — 
equos: part of a work of art, e.g. 
a quadriga, that surmounted the 
monument. 

II. nec... et: see on 8. po. IT. 
—furta: sneak thieves cannot ap- 
propriate to themselves what be- 
longs to the whole world, what 


every man is guarding. — saecula, 


the ages, the generations. See 1. 
107. 5. 

12. norunt . . mori: see 8. 
18. 6. 


5. A denunciation of all who 
publish libels on the great. If the 
foul-mouthed poet of ro. 3 is re- 
ferred to here, M. had a personal 
basis for his indignation in that 
this poet had circulated his work 
under M.’s name. See ro. 3. 1-6. 
— Meter: § 52. 

1. Quisquis: here an adjective; 
normally the word is a substan- 
tive.— stolae: ie. pure woman- 
hood, as typified by honorable 
matrons; the s/o/a was as charac- 
teristic of the matrona as was the 
toga of the male citizen. The 
courtesan had to wear a toga.— 
purpurae: men of rank and posi- 
tion, senators and magistrates dis- 
tinguished by the purple of the 
tunica laticlavia and the toga prae- 
texta respectively. Cf. 8.8.4 (to 
Janus) purpura te felix, te colat 
omnis honos. 

2. laesit: at all periods /aedo 
was virtually a technical term for 
injuring by scurrilous or libelous 
writing or utterance. — impio: 
freely, ribald, licentious; the word 
is really far stronger, as implying 
an offense against heaven. Cari- 
caturists and libelists in verse 
were much in evidence under the 


232 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1o. 5. 3 


erret per urbem pontis exul et clivi, 
interque raucos ultimus rogatores 

s oret caninas panis inprobi buccas ; 
illi December longus et madens bruma 
clususque fornix triste frigus extendat ; 
vocet beatos clamitetque felices 
Orciniana qui feruntur in sponda. 

ro At cum supremae fila venerint horae 


Empire, as early as the time of 
Augustus; cf. Tac. Ann. 1. 72. 4. 
Domitian had issued an edict 
against lampoons (1. 4. 7 N.; Suet. 
Dom. 8); this explains why M. 
is so eager to prove that cer- 
tain lampoons current under his 
name are not really his. 

3-5. With these verses cf. Ov. 
Ib. 113-114 exul, zzops erres, alie- 
naque limina lustres, exiguumque 
petas ore tremente cibum. 

3. pontis... clivi: gradients 
in great highways gave beggars a 
favorable place to intercept and 
harry travelers (cf. 2. 19. 3-4 N.). 
Many bridges, owing to extreme 
elevation in the center, offered two 
such gradients. Cf. Iuv. 5. 8 zu//a 
crepido vacat? Nusquam pons? 
(Le. as a place to beg); Sen. Vit. 
Beat. 25.1. We have metaphor 
again, not simile (see on 9. 88. 4); 
M. prays that the libelous poet may 
be as poor as a beggar who, ex- 
iled from the ordinary (profitable) 
haunts of beggars, can only wan- 
der about the town. 

4. raucos: i.e. with unremitting 
begging.— rogatores: cf.4.30. 13N. 

5. caninas . . . buccas: ie. 
mouthfuls of bread fit only for 
dogs; coarse bread made of barley 
was sometimes fed to dogs. Cf. 
Iuv. 5. 10-11 (‘why be a client’) 
cum possit ( one can’) honestius ... 
sordes farris mordere canini ? 


6-7. ‘May he not only starve, 
but freeze’. ; 

6. madens bruma: M. prays 
that the bitterness of the dead of 
winter may be intensified by damp- 
ness and rain. See 3. 58. 8. 

7. clusus matches Jongus and 
madens, 6; hence this vs. — *may 
even the arches be closed against 
him and so prolong’, etc. The 
language is hyperbolic; if even 
arches are to be closed against the 
man, where can he hope for shel- 
ter? — fornix: collective singular. 
In such places, normally always 
open, beggars could generally find 
a refuge, sorry though it was; M. 
prays that even this resource may 
be denied to the libelous poet. — 
extendat: M. prays that the tor- 
ture of the libelist may be long 
drawn out. 

8. clamitet: sc. eos esse. 

9. Orciniana: Cooper, $ 36a, 
pP. 144 ff, holds that forms in 
-anus belong to the sezzeo plebeius. 
— sponda: prop. the framework 
of a bed or couch, then a ‘bed’, 
*couch', used by the living rather 
than by the dead. Here Orciniana 

. sponda = sandapila, the plain 
bier, used for burying the bodies of 
the poor or unfortunate, — ferun- 
tur = efferuntur; see 4.24. 2; 8. 

OE 
ro. fila: of the Fates; see 4. 
54:53 7- 96. 4. 


IO. 10. 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


233 


diesque tardus, sentiat canum litem 
abigatque moto noxias aves panno. 
Nec finiantur morte supplicis poenae, 
sed modo severi sectus Aeaci loris, 

15 nunc inquieti monte Sisyphi pressus, 
nunc inter undas garruli senis siccus 
delasset omnis fabulas poetarum, 
et cum fateri Furia iusserit verum, 
prodente clamet conscientia ** Scripsi ". 


IO 


. Cum tu, laurigeris annum qui fascibus intras, 


1r. tardus: emphatic by posi- 
tion; ‘slow may it be in coming’. 
—sentiat ...litem: ie. may he 
realize, before death releases him, 
that the dogs are already fighting 
for his body and that he will be 
deprived of honorable burial. 

I2. abigat: i.e. may he be com- 
pelled to drive away. — noxias . .. 
aves: vultures; such birds often 
attack the dying. — panno, rags. 

13. supplicis is the noun and 
depends on foenae, but may be 
best rendered by an adj, szj- 
pliant, abject. Translate, then, 
‘and let not his punishment be 
ended even by an abject death’. 

14. modo:  coórdinate with 
nunc... nunc, 15-16; see on 9. 
46. 1-2. —sectus: cf. e.g. Hor. 
Epod. 4. 11 sectus flagellis hic tri- 
umviralibus ; luv. 10.316; Ov. Am. 
2. 7.22; see on 8.23. 3. — Aeaci: 
Aeacus, Minos, and Rhadamanthus 
were the fabled judges of men in 
the lower world; cf. Iuv. 1.9 guas 
torqueat umbras Aeacus; Ov. Ib. 
187-188. 

15. inquieti:inthe lower world 
Sisyphus is ever rolling a huge 
stone (*onte) up a steep incline; 


cf. 5. 80, 1o-11 mam securus erit 
nec inquieta lassi marmora Sisy- 
phi videbit. On earth, as king of 
Corinth, Sisyphus had been noto- 
riously wicked. 

16. nunc... siccus: ie. may 
he suffer the torments of Tanta- 
lus, condemned in the lower world 
to endless thirst and hunger, 
though he stood in water and 
though tempting viands were dis- 
played before him or hung over 
his head. — garruli: he could not 
keep the secrets he had learned 
at the banquet to which he had 
been invited by Jupiter. 

i7. delasset personifies the. 
fabulas and turns them into exe- 
cutioners; *may he bring into play, 
aye, till he wearies them to exhaus- 
tion, all the punishments told of in 
the tales of the poets’. 

19. Scripsi: sc. the libels which 
he attributed to others. M. writes 
as if the confession, wrung from 
the man by the Fury, were to be 
the severest punishment of all. 

. IO. Anotherwailfrom the poor 
dependent. See 2. 18.— Meter: $48. 

1. laurigeris . . . intras: at 
this time the consuls took office 


234 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 10. 2 


mane salutator limina mille teras, 
hic ego quid faciam? quid nobis, Paule, relinquis, 
qui de plebe Numae densaque turba sumus ? 
5 Qui me respiciet, dominum regemque vocabo ? 
hoc tu — sed quanto blandius ! — ipse facis. 
Lecticam sellamve sequar? nec ferre recusas 


on January t. They were escorted 
from their homes by a sort of tri- 
umphal procession to the Capitol; 
the fasces (see 7. 63. 9 N.) carried 
by the lictors seem to have been 
decorated with bay or laurel, as in 
a true triumph. Cf. Claud. IV. 
Cons. Hon. 14-15 zec te laurigeras 
pudeat, Gradive, secures pacata ge- 
stare manu; Mommsen Staats. 1. 
414 ff. 

2. mane salutator: cf. I. 70; 
3. 4. 6; 4. 8. 1; 9. 100. r. — limina 
... teras: for consuls and prae- 
tors who stooped to be clients cf. 
Iuv. 1. 99-102 zubet a praecone vo- 
cari (to receive the sportzla) ipsos 
Troiugenas, nam vexant limen et 
ipsi nobiscum: “Da praetori, da 
deinde tribuno" ; 1.117-120; 3. 126- 
130. Seealsoon 2.18.2; 5.22. 13.— 
limina mille: hyperbole; but cf. 
Sen. Brev. Vit. 14. 3. — teras: cf. 
2.11. 2; 8. 44. 4 sed omne limen 
conteris salutator. Cf. vexant limen, 
Iuv. 1. 100, cited above. 

' 3. hic = Aomae. — nobis, as 
defined by vs.4, is in sharp con- 
trast to Zz, 1, as defined there by 
laurigeris...zntras. 

4. de plebe . . . turba: plain 
Romans, poorand numberless. For 
metrical convenience, perhaps, M. 
here substitutes the name of the 
second king of Rome for that of 
Romulus; cf. Iuv. 10. 72-73 sed 
quid turba Remi? Butsince Numa 
was famed for his piety, M. may 
well mean by this verse, *we, the 
host of pious, honest(though poor) 


sons of Rome'. Cf. s. 38. The 
theme .of Juvenal’s third Satire 
(*Rome is no place for a man at 
once poor and honest") may then 
be compared. Join de plebe with 
sumus (= exsistimus), not with 
turba; the prepositional phrase = 
an adj., plebert (see on 8.14. 3-4). — 
densa ...turba: cf. 1.20. r; Iuv. 
I. I20-I21 denszsszma centum qua- 
drantes lectica petit. Here the 
phrase = ‘the lower classes’, ‘the 
masses’, countless in number, and 
not worth individualizing. 

5. Qui... respiciet: ‘who will 
look condescendingly upon me’, 
‘who will give me nothing but a 
patronizing glance’; cf. Iuv. 3. 184- 
185 guzd das ut Cossum aliquando 
salutes, ut te respiciat clauso Veiento 
labello? —dominum regemque: 
pred. acc. The primary object of 
vocabo is (eum), antec. of gui. Cf. 
2.18. 5; 2. 68. 2 quem regem et 
dominum prius vocabam; 4. 83. 5% 
luv. 5. 137. — vocabo: distinguish 
such a question (naturally an- 
swered by zoz vocabo or the like) 
from a question with deliberative 
subj. (vocem, *would you have me 
call. ..?’), to which the answer 
would be made in terms of an imv., 
voca, or of a prohibition, of vocare. 

6. sed may be taken as in 1. 
117.7, Or as true adversative con- 
junction. 

7-8. Lecticam...sequar:see 
2. 57. 6 N.; 3. 46.4; Fried. SG. 1. 
384.— nec .. . et: see on 8. 50. 
II; IO. 2. I1; ‘you are willing even 


10. 13. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


235 


per medium pugnas et prior ire lutum. 
Saepius adsurgam recitanti carmina? tu stas 


IO 


et pariter geminas tendis in ora manus. 


Quid faciet pauper, cui non licet esse clienti ? 
dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas. 


13 


Ducit ad auriferas quod me Salo Celtiber oras, 
pendula quod patriae visere tecta libet, 


to take a slave's place as bearer of 
the litter'. — per medium... lu- 
tum: cf. 12. 29. 8; 3. 36. 3-4 orre- 
dusut primosemper te mane salutem 
per mediumque trahat me tua sella 
/utum. For mud in streets see also 
7.61.6; etc. — et... ire: see App. 
The vs. — ‘You seek to outstrip 
all other bearers of litters'. For 
inf. with pugnare cf. Ov. M. 2. 822 
ia quidem pugnat recto se attol- 
lere trunco. ‘The verb has in these 
passages the sense and the constr. 
of conor in prose, of Zezto, nitor in 
poetry. 

9-10. Saepius... manus: 'at 
the recitation I am equally help- 
less, for no one can outdo you in 
rising to give applause, or in throw- 
ing kisses; you stand all the time 
and throw kisses with both hands’. 
— adsurgam: ie. ‘rise from my 
seat in (pretended) enthusiasm’. 
Further, to rise before another 
was a compliment; cf. Cic. Cato M. 
18. 63; Plin. Ep. 6. 17. 2, cited on 
I0; Quint. 2. 2. 9 minime vero per- 
miltenda fueris, ut fit apud pleros- 
que, assurgendi exultandique in 
laudando licentia. Julius Caesar 
gave great offense by remaining 
seated while receiving the senate 
(Suet. Iul. 78). — recitanti: dat. 
of interest, ‘in compliment to’, etc. 
—geminas... manus: ie. ‘you 
bring both hands up to your face 


in blowing kisses or in applause’; 
Cf. 1. 3. 7 N.; Iuv. 3. 104-106 (the 
Greekling) semper et omni nocte 
dieque potest . . . iactare manus, 
laudare paratus; Quint. 2. 2. 9, 
cited above; Plin. Ep. 6. 17. 2 suz- 
dis mutisque similes audiebant; 
non labra diduxerunt; non move- 
runt manum, non denique adsur- 
rexerunt. 

1i. Quid... pauper: cf. Iuv. 
I. 117-I20. See on 4 above. 

12. dimisit: an effective word, 
because it understates the case. 
M. says ‘has dismissed’, i.e. ‘has 
relieved’; he means ‘has ousted’. 
— purpura vestra: the Zoga prae- 
texta (see 10. 5. 1 N.) of clients who 
are magistrates has taken the place 
of the plain white togas of com- 
mon folks. 

I3. Who Manius, the poet's 
countryman, was cannot be deter- 
mined; the use of the praenomen 
implies intimacy (see on 8. 76. 1; 
9. 81. 1). See § 41. — Meter: § 48. 

1-2. Ducit... me Salo: sev- 
eral epigrams in this book voice 
M.’s longing for his native coun- 
try; cf. 10. 96; 10. 104. For the 
Salo see $2. — auriferas... 
oras: cf. 12. I8. 9 auro Bilbilis et 
superba ferro. In Romethere were 
no auriferae orae for M. — quod 
... quod: cf. 2. r1. 1 N. M. says 
“My going to Spain, my resolve to 


236 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 13. 3 


tu mihi simplicibus, Mani, dilectus ab annis 
et praetextata cultus amicitia, 
5 tu facis, in terris quo non est alter Hiberis 
dulcior et vero dignus amore magis. 
Tecum ego vel sicci Gaetula mapalia Poeni 
et poteram Scythicas hospes amare casas, 
Si tibi mens eadem, si nostri mutua cura est, 
10 in quocumque loco Roma duobus erit. 


Dotatae uxori cor harundine fixit acuta, 
sed dum ludit, Aper: ludere novit Aper. 


visit home are due to you’. — pen- 
dula . tecta: Bilbilis was 
perched on an elevation above the 
river; $2. Cf. note on pendentia, 
Lib. Spect. 1. 5; 1. Or. 11-12 N.j 4. 
64. 33. — patriae... tecta: an ad- 
ditional motive for bidding fare- 
well to Rome. 

3. simplicibus... ab annis: 
i.e. ‘from the time we lived the 
simple, provincial life of our 
Spanish home’. 

4. praetextata: freely, youth- 
Jl, boyish. Their friendship began 
early, when they wore the /oga 
praetexta together. 

5. interris... Hiberis:i.e.in 
all Spain. Forthe pl. cf. 12.18. 11- 
12 Celtiberis haec sunt nomina cras- 
siora terris. 

7-8. * With you I would brave 
the dangers and solitude of the 
most barbarous regions’. For this 
proverbial test of friendship cf. e.g. 
Catull. 11. 1-12; Hor. C. 2. 6. 1-4. 

7. vel: see 10. 20. 21. — sicci 
... Poeni: ie. any point of Africa, 
as the confused allusion to the Gae- 
tuli and the Carthaginians shows. 
The Romans habitually picture 
Africa as savage and dangerous 


(by reason of its wild animals and 
its uncivilized tribesmen). — sicci: 
because the desert was near.— 
mapalia: these rude dwellings 
would afford scant comfort to men 
who knew the luxury of Rome. 
But the companionship of his 
friend would make M. oblivious 
of discomforts. Cf. Sall. Iug. 18. 
8 aedificia Numidarum agresti- 
um, quae mapalia illi vocant, ob- 
longa incurvis lateribus tecta quasi 
zavium carinae sunt. 

8. poteram: see on foferas, 1. 
3. 12. 

9. si nostri... est (707): ie.* 
‘if you return my love’. Cf. Ov. 
M. 7. 800 mutua cura... duos 
habebat; F. 2. 64 mutua cura tut; 
Tib. 3. t. 19 cla mihi referet, si no- 
stri mutua cura est. —nostri: ob- 
jective gen. with cura. 

Io. quocumque = 40715, Quo- 
libet, i.e. omni; in 1. 2. 1 ubicumque 
= ubique; in t. 41. 18 cuicunque = 
cufvis. 

I6. Aper, while playing (!) 
Shot his rich wife through the 
heart. — Meter: § 48. 

2. Aper may involve a pun on 
aper; if so, Aper is as dangerous 


10. 17. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


237 


17 


Si donare vocas promittere nec dare, Gai, 
vincam te donis muneribusque meis. 

Accipe Callaicis quidquid fodit Astur in arvis, 
aurea quidquid habet divitis unda Tagi, 

s quidquid Erythraea niger invenit Indus in alga, 

quidquid et in nidis unica servat avis, 

quidquid Agenoreo Tyros inproba cogit aheno: 
quidquid habent omnes, accipe, quomodo das. 


as a boar. —ludere: a good play 
on Judit; ‘Aper is a sportsman’ 
(B.and L.). For inf. with zezz? cf. 
7. 25.8; 10. 33. 9-10. 

7. M.professes a benevolence 
equal to that of Gaius. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Si... dare: promittere nec 
dare is obj. of vocas, donare is pred. 
acc.; ‘if you call promising... 
giving’. 

3. Callaicis. .. arvis: see 4. 
39.7 N.— quidquid: here, as in 
4-8, suggestive of plenty, ‘all that’. 
— Astur: the country of the As- 
tures, in Hispania Tarraconensis. 
This was the richest gold-bearing 
district in Spain; cf. Plin. N.H. 
33. 78; Sil. 1. 231 ff. 

4. Tagi: see 7. 88. 7 N. 

5. quidquid .'. . in alga: i.e. 
pearls. M. may mean that pearls 
are so plentiful along that coast as 
to be found in the seaweed on the 
shore. But we get a closer par- 
allelism with 3-4 and 6 by think- 
ing rather of weeds rooted on the 
bottom of the sea, among which 
the diver gropes for the pearl 
oysters. Jzvenit, which regularly 
implies careful search, agrees well 
with this picture. It may be noted 
that the ancient Hebrew (and, 
we may suppose, Phoenician) name 
of: the Mare Erythraeum meant 


* Sea of Weeds (Reeds)'; and the 
Greco-Roman name has by some 
been taken to refer to red sea- 
weed seen through the water. — 
Indus: M. is using Lrythraea 
freely; see on 5. 37. 4. 

6. quidquid . . . avis: ie. per- 
fumes from the nest of the phoenix; 
see on 5. 37-13; 6. 55. 2. — unica 

. . avis: see 5. 37. 13 N.; Ov. Am. 
2. 6. 54 et vivax phoenix, unica sem- 
per avis. — 

7. quidquid... aheno:ie.the 
finest Tyrian dye.— A genoreo... 
aheno:i.e. in Phoeniciancaldrons; 
Agenor was the reputed father of 
Cadmus. Cf. 2. 43. 7.N.; Sil. 7. 642 
purpura Agenoreis saturata micabat 
aenis.— inproba, tricky (see on 
I. 53. 10; 8. 24. 2) ; the Phoenicians 
(e.g. the Carthaginians) were from 
very early times accounted most 
deceitful. There may, however, be 
specialreference to counterfeit dye. 

20. M., addressing his Muse 
(cf. 3), sends through her a copy 
of his book to Pliny the Younger. 
Pliny seems to have been much 
pleased and to have manifested his 
appreciation by supplying M. with 
the means (viaticum) of returning 
to Spain. See $58. Plin. 3.21.5cites 
vss. 12-21 of this epigram. Pliny 
was one of the greatest lawyers of 
his time, and frequently pleaded 


238 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 20. 1 


20 


Nec doctum satis et parum severum, 
sed non rusticulum nimis libellum 
facundo mea Plinio Thalia 
i perfer: brevis est labor peractae 

5 altum vincere tramitem Suburae. 
Illic Orphea protinus videbis 
udi vertice lubricum theatri 


before the centumviri (see on 1. 76. 
12; 7. 63. 7). — Meter: $ 49. 

r. Nec doctum satis: ie. for 
so great a scholar, who knows good 
poetry ; cf. 1. 25. 2 N. — parum se- 
verum: not austere enough for a 
lawyer, esp. a lawyer of such strict 
morality as Pliny. Pliny came from 
Gallia Cisalpina; in Ep. 1. 14. 4-6 
he speaks in the highest terms of 
the morality of that district. Cf. 
1I. I6. 7-8 £u quoque nequitias no- 
stri lususque libelli ..., puella, leges, 
sis Patavina licet. 

. 2. non. . . nimis: the book 
after all has a fair share of zróa- 
nitas; see 1. 41. Introd. 

3. facundo... Plinio: cf. In- 
trod.— mea. ..Thalia:cf. 4.8.12 N. 

4-5. i, perfer: see 7. 89. 1 N. — 
peractae... Suburae: the Subura 
(the most important thoroughfare 
between the region about the Fora 
and the eastern part of the city) was 
traversed before the ¢vames was 
entered. See 5.22.5N. The path, 
though steep, is soon mounted. 
Render, ‘it is easy, after you have 
gone through the Subura, to climb 
its steep path (i.e. the steep path 
that leads out of it)'. — vincere — 
superare,asin 5.22.5. Pliny'shome 
was on the Esquiline; cf. Plin. Ep. 3. 
21. 5 (Martialis) edloguztur Musam, 
mandat ut domum meam Esquiliis 
quaerat, adeat reverenter. 


6-7. Illic: i.e. on the Esquiline. 
— Orphea . . . theatri: on the 
north side of the Esquiline was a 
Lacus Orphei, a fountain with a 
semicircular pool (¢heatri) into 
which the water fell. In or on this 
fountain was a representation of 
Orpheus playing, surrounded by 
the entranced birds and beasts. 
Jordan, Top. 2. 127, is probably cor- 
rectin locating it near the churches 
S. Lucia in Orfea and S. Martino 
in Orfea near the Thermae Traiani. 
See K. and H. Formae Urb. R. — 
udi: i.e. besprinkled with the spray 
of the fountain. See on ¢heatri be- 
low.— vertice: the Orpheusfigure 
rose above the others. Orpheus 
doubtless stood erect; the beasts, 
soothed by the music, crouched 
before him.— theatri: we may* 
easily see in this word two ideas 
at once. M. has in mind, in part, 
a semicircular pool (see above), 
perhaps with steps similar to the 
gradus of a theater, but he is think- 
ing more of the beasts giving ear 
to Orpheus’s performance; Or- 
pheus is actor or rather musicus, 
the beasts and the eagle are audi- 
ores spectaculi in theatro. In writ- 
ing zzi M. had in mind especially 
this latter train of ideas. The vs.= 
‘standing, slippery with moisture, 
at the top of (above) the theater- 
like pool and the listening beasts’. 


Io. 20. 18] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


239 


mirantisque feras avemque regis, 

raptum quae Phryga pertulit Tonanti, 
r0 illic parva tui domus Pedonis 

caelata est aquilae minore pinna. 

Sed ne tempore non tuo disertam 

pulses ebria ianuam videto : 

totos dat tetricae dies Minervae, 

15 dum centum studet auribus virorum 
hoc quod saecula posterique possint 
Arpinis quoque conparare chartis. 
Seras tutior ibis ad lucernas : 


8. avem . . . regis: the eagle, 
bird of Jupiter. 

9. raptum... Phryga: Gany- 
medes; cf. 2. 45. 13. 

ro. Pedonis: Pedo Albino- 
vanus ; see 2. 77. 5. 

Ilt. caelata... pinna: ie. 
‘adored with a graven eagle whose 
plumage spreads less widely’ (i.e. 
than that of the avis regis, 8). 

I2-I3. non tuo: ie. unfavor- 
able. See 19. — disertam . . . ia- 
nuam: cf. Jacundo ... Plinio, 3.— 
pulses ebriaianuam:asa drunken 
Bacchanal might do.— pulses: 
the Romans beat at doors with 
their feet; cf. Plaut. and Ter. 
passim; Hor. C. 1.4. 13-14 pallida 
mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum 
tabernas regumque turris.— ebria, 
wantonly. The book is to go zeve- 
renter; cf. Plin. Ep. 3. 21. 5, cited 
on 4. — videto has the sense and 
the constr. of curato; cf. 6. 21. 4 £u 
ne quid pecces, exitiose, vide. 

14. tetricae: this adj. seems to 
have been conventionally applied 
to Minerva; cf. Apoll. Sidon. C.9. 
142 atgue inter tetricae choros Mz 
nervae. Cf.also 5. 20.6 “itis tetricas 
Sorumque triste. — Minervae: cf. 
1. 76. 5 N. 


15. centum... virorum: Pliny 
repeatedly mentions his practice 
before this court; cf. e.g. Ep. 2. 14. 
1 destringor centumviralibus causis, 
quae me exercent magis quam de- 
lectant. 

16. saecula: see IO. 2. II N. 

17. Arpinis . . . chartis: i.e. 
the speeches of Cicero, who was 
bom at Arpinum. Pliny did in fact 
use Ciceroas his model; cf. Plin. Ep. 
I. 5. I2 est enim mzhi cum Cicerone 
aemulatio nec sum contentus elo- 
quentia saeculi nostri. Tacitus, too, 
in his earlier works, esp. the Dia- 
logus, took Cicero as his model. 
In this they show the influence of 
Quintilian; see 2. 90. I N. 

18. Seras...lucernas:i.e.the 
closing hours of the dinner, when 
the wine flowed and there was a 
tendency to unbend, 19 (the comzs- 
satio). — tutior ibis: M. may have 
in mind Ov. M. 2. 137 medio tutis- 
simus ibis. — ad : best taken simply 
as — £o; it may, however, be taken 
asin the phrase ad /uzam,for which 
cf. Iuv. 10. 21 motae ad lunam tre- 
pidabis harundinis umbram ;, Petr. 
103 notavit sibi ad lunam tonsorem 
intempestivo inhaerentem ministe- 
710. 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1o. 20. 19 


haec hora est tua, cum furit Lyaeus, 


20 


cum regnat rosa, cum madent capilli : 


tunc me vel rigidi legant Catones. 


21 


Scribere te quae vix intellegat ipse Modestus 
et vix Claranus quid, rogo, Sexte, iuvat? 
Non lectore tuis opus est, sed Apolline libris : 

iudice te maior Cinna Marone fuit. 


5 Sic tua laudentur sane: 


grammaticis placeant, 


19. haec... tua: cf. 4. 8. 7-12. 
For this use of Aora cf. Sil. 12. 193 
perge, age, fer gressus, dexter deus 
horaque nostra est. — Lyaeus : see 
I. 70. 9; 8. 50. 12; 9. 6t. 15. 

20. cum regnat rosa: for roses 
at the comzssatio see 5. 64. 4 N.; 9. 
61. 17. — madent: i.e. with oint- 
ments (see on 3. 12. 1); cf. Petr. 65 
oneratusque aliquot coronis et un- 
guento per frontem in oculos fluente 
practorio loco se posuit (at table). 

21. tunc . . . Catones: even a 
Cato unbends at the comzssato and 
has an ear for something light and 
sportive. — vel = eZaz:. — rigidi, 
stern, strictly moral; cf. severum, 
1; Sen. Ep. 11. 10 eZige ttague Cato- 
nem: sihi tibi videtur nimis rigi- 
dus, elige remissioris animi virum 
Laelium.—legant ... Catones: 
cf. Praef. to Book I; 11. 2. 1-2 Zrzste 
supercilium durique severa Catonis 
ons ; Sen. Ep. 97. 10 omne tempus 
Clodios, non omne Catones feret; 
Otto s.v. Cato. 

21. This unknown Sextus is a 
type of the versifiers who imagined 
that obscurity of subject matter 
and display of erudition were 


proofs of inspiration. — Meter: 
§ 48. . 
1-2. quae . . . Claranus: ie. 


what even a professional gram- 


mea carmina, Sexte, 
ut sine grammaticis. 


marian can scarcely understand. 
Modestus is generally identified 
with Julius Modestus, freedman of 
C. Julius Hyginus, himself a freed- 
manof Augustus. Fried., however, 
identifies him with Aufidius Mo- 
destus, mentioned by Plutarch as 
acontemporary. So Teuffel, § 282. 
I. Claranus is placed by Teuffel, 
§ 328. 4, under Domitian. 

3. Apolline: ie.an interpreter. 
Apollo was é&nynr%s, interpreter 
and expounder of the future to 


men. *Your books need some 
divine power to explain their 
meaning’. 


4. maior... fuit: aproof of the 
assertion of 3.— Cinna: C. Hel- 
vius Cinna, contemporary of Catul- 
lus, wrote a long erudite poem 
called Smyrna(Zmyrna). Cf. Catull. 
95. I-2 Zmyrna mei Cinnae nonam 
post denique messem quam coepta est 
nonamque edita post hiemem. His 
“fancy for out-of-the-way words we 
can see, even in the petty wreck- 
age of his work that time has fated 
to us" (Saintsbury 1. 264). 

5. Sic, on that principle (cf. 5. 
66. 2; 7. 89. 4), Le. that obscurity 
affords a better title than clearness 
to popular appreciation. 

6. ut: sc. placeant, a clause of 
result, ‘in such wise, however, that 


10. 23. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


23 


241 


Iam numerat placido felix Antonius aevo 
quindecies actas Primus Olympiadas 
praeteritosque dies et tutos respicit annos 

nec metuit Lethes iam propioris aquas. 


5 


Nulla recordanti lux est ingrata gravisque, 


nulla fuit cuius non meminisse velit. 
Ampliat aetatis spatium sibi vir bonus: hoc est 
vivere bis, vita posse priore frui. 


they shall please (the world)’, etc. 
M. means: * I have no objection to 
the recognition of scholars, pro- 
vided that scholars do not have a 
monopoly of appreciation; I would 
have the common reader able to 
enjoy my poetry because it is free 
from book-learning’.—sine gram- 
maticis = sixeinterprete (Domit.). 

23. M.congratulates Antonius 
Primus on his advanced age and 
his success in life. — Meter: § 48. 

1. placido felix... aevo, 
blessed in the calm of his old age. 
His earlier years had been some- 
what checkered. Born at Tolosa 
in Gaul, he was a man of affairs, but 
utterly unscrupulous, cruel, and a 
turncoat in his political and per- 
sonalrelations. He was banished 
from Rome under Nero because of 
forgery, but was restored to favor 
by Galba. He then supported 
Otho, and finally rendered impor- 
tant service to Vespasian against 
Vitellius. Cf. 10. 32 ; in 10. 73 M. 
thanks him for a new toga. 

2. quindecies . . . Olympi- 
adas: if Olympiadas is to be under- 
stood literally, Antonius would be 
but 60 years old; yet he seems to 
have been much older than that in 
98. Fried. therefore holds that M. 
uses Olympias as = lustrum,aspace 
of five years. The word clearly 
bears this sense in 4. 45. 4, being 


interchanged there with guznguen- 
nium, 3. In 7. 40. 6 it may perfectly 
well be interpreted of a period of 
four years, though the passage is 
more effective if we take the word 
of the longerperiod. In this M. per- 
haps follows Ovid’s example; see 
Pont. 4. 6. 5 zz Scythia nobis quin- 
quennis Olympias acta est. Ovid's 
reckoning of a szze/e Olympiad as 
covering five years is quite in ac- 
cord with the Greco-Roman prac- 
tice of counting in both ends of a 
period of time; M's use here and 
in 4. 45. 4 is strange and forced. 

3-4. praeteritos: join with both 
annos and dies; tutos also modifies 
both nouns, as pred.acc. Antonius 
‘looks back on . . . and finds them 
safe'. — tutos: an important word, 
in view of Antonius's checkered 
experiences; it suggests that the 
years actually lived are safely 
one's own, whereas the future is 
wholly uncertain. See App. If 
lotos is read, the sense is ‘he sur- 
veys all his life and yet finds noth- 
ing to make him fear death’. JVec, 
4, then = e£ non tamen.— Lethes 

. aquas: see 7. 47. 4; 7.96.7; 
IO. 2. 7. 

5-6. lux — dies. — meminisse: 
for the tense see on er7puisse, 1. 
107. 6. 

7-8. Ampliat, zzcreases, adds to. 
— spatium: the span or course of 


242 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


25 


[1o 25. 1 


In matutina nuper spectatus harena 
Mucius, inposuit qui sua membra focis, 
si patiens durusque tibi fortisque videtur, 
Abderitanae pectora plebis habes, 
5 nam cum dicatur tunica praesente molesta 
“Ure manum ", plus est dicere “ Non facio ". 


life (a figure from the race-course). 
— bonus contains the logical sub- 
ject; the sense is 'virtue adds 
years to a man's life’. M. explains 
in hoc... frui, which = hoc enim 
est, etc. Hoc is explained mainly 
by what follows, vzfa . . . frui. 

25. The Roman stage had be- 
come horribly realistic in its de- 
generacy. “Comedy mustbeactual 
shame, and tragedy genuine blood- 
shed....It was the ultimate ro- 
mance of a degraded and brutal- 
ized society" (Farrar, Early Days 
of Christianity, 1.69). M. writes 
as if he had witnessed this stage 
scene,in which a condemned crimi- 
nal was compelled to enact the 
story of Mucius Scaevola and actu- 
ally burn off his hand in a slow 
fire to save himself from the ex- 
cruciating death by the £uzzca mo- 
lesta (see on 4. 86. 8). 8. 30 is on 
the same theme. In Lib. Spect. 7 
a malefactor is torn to pieces on a 
cross by a wild boar. See Fried. 
SG. 2. 408-410. — Meter: § 48. 

1. matutina... harena : veza- 
tiones, executions, and exhibitions 
such as that described here took 
place during the morning hours; 
cf. 8. 67. 3. — spectatus: cf. 1. 4. 
5N.; I. 43. I1; 5. I4. 7. 

z. Mucius: the unfortunate 
man plays the róle of C. Mucius 
Scaevola, who, when caught in a 
plot to assassinate King Porsenna, 
and threatened with being burned 


alive, showed his contempt of the 
king's threats by thrusting his 
hand in a sacrificial fire conven- 
iently near, and holding it there 
until it was burned off. See 1. 21; 
Liv. 2. 12. 

3. patiens . . . videtur: cf. r. 
21.5. The subj. of videtur is Mu- 
cius, 2. 

4. Abderitanae . . . habes: 
i.e. ‘you are as great a fool as the 
veriest Abderite'. The people of 
Abdera in southern Thrace were 
proverbially stupid, though the 
city produced several men of abil- 
ity, e.g. Democritus the philoso- 
pher (see Iuv. 10. 47-50); cf. Cic. 
Att. 7. 7. 4 id est’ ABSnpirixédy (‘ fool- 
ish’), ec enzm senatus decrevit nec 
populus iussit me imperium in Sr 
cilia habere; Otto s.v. Abdera. 

5.dicatur: the subj. is ure, 
manum; so dicere non facio is 
subj. of est, 6. — tunica ... mo- 
lesta: ie. as an alternative to 
burning off his hand. Cf. Sen. Ep. 
14. 5 cagzta hoc loco carcerem et cru- 
ces et eculeos et uncum et adactum 
per medium hominem qui per os 
emergeret stipitem et distracta in 
diversum actis curribus membra, 
"am tunicam alimentis ignium et 
inlitam et textam, et quicquid aliud 
praeter haec commenta saevitia est. 

6. plus, the more heroic thing. 
— Non facio, ‘I am not doing it’, 
is more effective than zoz faciam 
or facere nolo,- 


10. 30. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


243 


Natali, Diodore, tuo conviva senatus 
accubat et rarus non adhibetur eques 
et tua tricenos largitur sportula nummos : 

nemo tamen natum te, Diodore, putat. 


O temperatae dulce Formiae litus, 
vos, cum severi fugit oppidum Martis 
et inquietas fessus exuit curas, 
Apollinaris omnibus locis praefert. 


27. Although Diodorusinvites 
the best society to his birthday 
dinner, men refuse to forget that 
he was a base-born slave. On the 
libertini see 2. 29. Introd.; 5. 13. 
6 N. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Natali... tuo: see7.86.1 N. 
— Diodore: the Greek name im- 
plies that he was a freedman. — 
conviva: pred. nom., in the sing. be- 
cause the senate is there ez masse. 

2. rarus... eques: theneg.be- 
longs very closely with the verb, 
*few indeed are the knights who 
fail to get an invitation’. adhzbere 
aliguem cenae is idiomatic. 

3. tua... sportula here prob. 
denotes apophoreta, things given to 
the guests to be carried away; see 
14. 37. Introd.— tricenos . .. num- 
mos: if this is to be taken literally, 
this sportula was larger than the 
normal cez£um quadrantes, but 
smaller than the dole of zres de- 
"arii mentioned in 9. 100. I (see 
note there). 

4. nemo . . . putat: 'people 
think of you precisely as if you 
had never seen the light at all’. 
Cf. Petr. 58 ergo aut tace aut melio- 
rem noli molestare, qui te natum 
non putat; Sen. Apocol 3 zemo 


enim umquam illum natum putavit. 
In the view of Roman law slaves 
had no parents; hence M. means: 
*you have no parents, you were 
never born at all; you have no 
right to celebrate a dies natalis’. 

30. M. rallies his friend Domi- 
tius Apollinaris (see on 4. 86. 3; 7. 
89) on maintaining a villa in a 
charming place (Formiae), to be 
enjoyed after all only by his slaves, 
while he himself slaved in town, too 
busy to enjoy life. — Meter: $ 52. 

r. O... litus: Forziaeis voc. 
(cf. vos, 2); Ztus is in app. with it. 
Formiae layon the coast of Latium 
and was easy of approach by the 
Via Appia; many Romans had 
villas there. At his villa there 
Cicero was murdered; see 5. 69. 
N. The town was well sheltered, 
lying in a recess of the Sinus Caie- 
tanus (cf. 11-15). — dulce... 
litus: because of the mild climate 
and delightful outlook. 

2. severi: Mars is the natural 
foe of rest and relaxation. — op- 
pidum is seldom used of Rome. 
Fried. cites Liv. 42. 36; Varr. L. L. 
6. 14. 

3. inquietas fessus: juxtapo- 
sition of cause and effect. 


244 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 30. 5 


5s Non ille sanctae dulce Tibur uxoris 
nec Tusculanos Algidosve secessus, 


Praeneste nec sic Antiumque miratur, 


non blanda Circe Dardanisve Caieta 
desiderantur, nec Marica nec Liris, 
tro nec in Lucrina lota Salmacis vena. 


5. sanctae . .. uxoris: Apol 
linaris had married a woman of 
Tibur, or else his wife owned a 
villa there. — sanctae: esteemed 
and beloved for her virtues. — 
dulce Tibur: cf. 1. 12. I N.; 4. 57. 
10. On the beauty of Tibur (mod- 
ern Tivoli) see e.g. Hare, Days 
Near Rome, 1. 193 ff. 

6. Tusculanos...secessus: 
see 4. 64. 13 N.; Fried. SG. 2. 
107 ff. — Algidos: rare as adj. ex- 
cept with J/ous; cf. Ov. F. 6. 722 
in campis, Algida terra, tuis. The 
poets (esp. Horace) not infre- 
quently convert place names into 
adjectives, without adding the 
proper adjectival termination or 
suffi. In some of these cases, 
however, the adj. use may after 
al be the original use, and the 
substantival use may have arisen 
through ellipsis of some obvious 
noun; so we may suppose A/gidus 
Mons to have given way to a 
shorter and more convenient 4/- 
&idus. The eastern slopes of the 
Alban Hills, known as Mons Algi- 
dus, afforded favorite sites for vil- 
las; cf. Sil. 12. 536 azoena Algida. 

7. Praeneste: see 4.64. 33 N. 
Tibur(Z7voZ) Tusculum (rascat:), 
and Praeneste (Palestrina) were 
the most fashionable hill resorts 
east of Rome; cf. Stat. Silv. 4. 4. 
15-17 hos Praeneste sacrum, nemus 
hos glaciale Dianae Algidus aut hor- 
vens aut Tuscula protegit umbra, 
Tiburis hi lucos Anienaque frigora 
captant; Suet. Aug. 72; luv. 14. 


86-90. — Antium: delightfully sit- 
uated on a promontory, nearer to 
Rome than was Circeii or Caieta, 
Antium was the favorite of more 
than one emperor. See Fried. SC. 
2. 1IO. ; 

8. blanda Circe: i.e. the Cir- 
ceian promontory (about midway 
between Antium and ‘Caieta), 
named after the enchantress Circe, 
who, story said, had dwelt there; 
see Preller-Jordan 1. 410. M. writes 
Manda, as if Circe were still there, 
or as if her charms were reflected 
in the loveliness of the region. 
For the metonymy in Cree cf. 
Marica, Liris, Salmacis, 9-10. — 
Dardanis ... Caieta: the prom- 
ontory and town of Caieta on the 
Sinus Caietanus were said to have 
derived their name from the fact - 
that Aeneas's nurse, Caieta, was 
buried there; see Aen. 7.1-2 fz 
quoque litoribus nostris, Aeneia nu- 
trix, aeternam | moriens famam, 
Caieta, dedisti. 

9. desiderantur: ie.solongas 
Apollinaris can stay at Formiae. 
— nec Marica nec Liris: the 
nymph Marica had a temple in a 
sacred grove not far from Min- 
turnae near the mouth of the 
Liris, the river between Latium 
and Campania. Cf.13.83; Hor. 
C. 3. 17. 7: Preller-Jordan 1. 412. 

1o. in Lucrina... vena: ‘the 
nymph who bathes in (— dwells 
in) the Lucrine waters'. Salmacis, 
a Carian nymph, fell in'love with 
Hermaphroditus, who bathed in 


10. 30. 18] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


245 


Hic summa leni stringitur Thetis vento, 
nec languet aequor, viva sed quies ponti 
pictam phaselon adiuvante fert aura, 
sicut puellae non amantis aestatem 

15 mota salubre purpura venit frigus. 
Nec saeta longo quaerit in mari praedam, 
sed e cubili lectuloque iactatam 
spectatus alte lineam trahit piscis. 


her fountain. The waters of this 
fountain were supposed to be en- 
ervating; cf. Cic., Off. r. 18. 6r. 
M. for some reason unknown to us 
transfers her to the Lucrine Lake 


(for which see 3. 60. 3 N.; 4. 57. 1)., 


Probably Zuerzza ... vena stands 
here for Baiae, with all its natural 
charms and wanton gaiety, with 
special emphasis on the latter. — 
vena is seldom used alone for agza 
or lacus; Ov. Tr. 3. 7. 16 has /e- 
cundae vena aquae. 

ir. Hic: at Formiae. — summa 
... Thetis, the surface of the sea. 
Thetis, name of the daughter of 
Nereus and Doris, in poetry and 
late prose = mare; cf. 10. 14. 4 e£ 
Thetis unguento palleat uncta tuo; 
Verg. E. 4. 32 temptare Thetim 
ratibus. 

12. nec languet aequor: there 
is not a dead calm, but a zzva 
quies; the breeze is gentle, but 
still lively enough to make sailing 
possible. Mec = e£ tamen non. 

13. pictam phaselon: a pleas- 
ure yacht (named from a fancied 
resemblance to the d$áew«Nos, or 
kidney bean), adapted to sailing 
in quiet waters. They were some- 
times constructed of papyrus or 
baked clay, which could easily be 
painted; cf. Verg. G. 4. 289 fictis 
phaselis, Luv. 15. 126-127 vulgus, 
parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela 
Jhaselzs. 


14. puellae: gen. with purpura, 
I5.— aestatem, summer heat; 
cf. Hor. C. 1. 17. 2-3 Faunus ... 
igneam defendit aestatem capellis. 

I5. mota... purpura, through 
the movement of, etc. — purpura: 
prob. a ‘fan’ (flabellum) of pea- 
cock’s feathers; such fans were 
much used by Roman women. 
Fried. interprets of a purple pada, 
‘cloak’. 

16. saeta, fish-line, made of 
hair; cf. 1. 55. 9 ef piscem tremula 
salientem ducere saeta; Ov. Hal. 
34-35 atque ubi praedam. penden- 
dem saetis avidus rapit.—longo 
...in mari: ie.far out at sea; 
longo = longinguo. 

17-18. sed... piscis: he can 
throw his fish-line either from his 
cubiculum or from his triclinium. 
—cubili: see App.—lectulo: 
Plin. Ep. 9. 7. 4, describing two of 
his villas on the Lacus Larius, 
says: ex illa possis dispicere piscan- 
tes, ex hac ipse piscari hamum- 
que de cubiculo ac paene etiam de 
lectulo ut e naucula iacere. Prob- 
ably Apollinaris's villa, like many 
around the Bay of Naples, was ex- 
tended out over the water; cf. Hor. 
C. 2. 18. 18; 3. 1. 33. —spectatus 
alte: either ‘seen deep downinthe 
water’ or ‘seen from a height’. 
In either case the phrase empha- 
sizes the clearness of the water 
(and perhaps the size of the fish). 


246 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 30. 19 


Si quando Nereus sentit Aeoli regnum, 

20 ridet procellas tuta de suo mensa : 
piscina rhombum pascit et lupos vernas, 
natat ad magistrum delicata murena, 
nomenculator mugilem citat notum 
et adesse iussi prodeunt senes mulli. 

25  Frui sed istis quando Roma permittit ? 
quot Formianos inputat dies annus 
negotiosis rebus urbis haerenti ? 

O ianitores vilicique felices! 
dominis parantur ista, serviunt vobis. 


19. Si... regnum: i.e. when- 
ever a storm rages, thus prevent- 
ing sea-fishing. — Nereus (prop. 
name of the son of Oceanus) often 
= mare; cf. note on ZZetzs above, 
11. — Aeoli regnum: cf. Verg. A. 
I. 52 ff. Aic vasto rex Aeolus antro 
Juctantis ventos tempestatesgue so- 
noras imperio premit ac vinclis et 
carcere frenat. — regnum almost 
= imperium. 

20. tuta de suo, safe (from =) 
by virtue of its own resources. 
Apollinaris’s table has a supply in- 
dependent of the sea (21-24). 

21. piscina: here a salt-water 
fish-pond; such 2zsezmae were a 
comparatively late fad. Cf. Plin. 
N. H. 9. 170; Macr. S. 3. 15. 6; 
Beck. 3. 57 ff. — rhombum: see 
3 45. 5 N.j 3. 60. 6. —lupos: see 9. 

. 6N. —vernas: i.e. home-raised 
in the piscina. On the word see 
I. 41. 2; 2. 90.9; 3. 58. 22. Here it 
is virtually an adjective. 

22. magistrum: Apollinaris. 
— delicata murena: the best sea- 
eelscamefrom Sicily. With Ze/icata 
cf. pisces . . . delicatos, 4. 30. 16 N. 

23. nomenculator: prop. the 
slave whose business it was to 
know the names of those whom 


his master was likely to meet, esp. 
at the sa/ztatio, and to remind his 
master of their names (see Beck. 
2. 156; 198), but here the slave 
who could call the fish-friends of 
his master by name. Momenclator 
is the usual spelling; with the text 
cf. navita ( = nauta), 6. 80. 3. — 
mugilem . . . notum: cf. 4. 30. 
3-7, with notes. 

24. senes: adj., the primary 
use. See also on 1.66.7 ; 3. 58. 7; 5. 
37.1. The word plays thesameróle 
as notum, 23; master and fish are 
old friends. — mulli: see2. 43. 1t N. 

25. istis, these delights. — per- 
mittit: sc. Apollinari. See App. 

26. Formianos ... dies: de- 
lightful days spent at Formiae. — 
inputat, charges up to the account 
of. This use of zzputo is post- 
Augustan ; cf. Iuv. 5. 14-15 fructus 
amicitiae magnae cibus: inputat 
hunc rex, et quamvis rarum tamen 
znputat. 

27. negotiosis . . . urbis: cf. 
e.g. Hor. 5.2. 6; Plin. Ep. 1. 9. — 
haerenti: general, *to one who de- 
votes himself to’. 

28. felices: because they are al- 
ways at Apollinaris’s (praedium) 
Formianum. 


10. 32. 4] 


31 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


247 


Addixti servum nummis here mille ducentis, 
ut bene cenares, Calliodore, semel. 
Nec bene cenasti: mullus tibi quattuor emptus 
librarum cenae pompa caputque fuit. 
5 Exclamare libet: “Non est hic, inprobe, non est 
piscis: homo est; hominem, Calliodore, comes "'. 


Haec mihi quae colitur violis pictura rosisque 
quos referat voltus, Caediciane, rogas ? 

Talis erat Marcus mediis Antonius annis 
Primus : in hoc iuvenem se videt ore senex. 


31. M. satirizes the gluttony 
of his time by an epigram on a 
gourmand who, to get money to 
buy a big mullet, sold a slave. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

i. Addixti, sold. Addico prop. 
= ‘knock down to the highest bid- 
der’, i.e.‘sell byauction’; here and 
elsewhere it merely = venumdare, 
vendere. Note the (contracted) 
form: cf. 12. 16. 1 addixti, Labiene, 
tres agellos. —here: see on I. 43. 2. 

2. Calliodore: evidently a 
freedman.— semel: i.e. for once at 
least. 

3. Nec = et famen non. — mul- 
lus: see 2. 43.11 N. M. means: 
‘All you had as the préce de részs- 
tance of your dinner(!) was a four- 
pound mullet’. 

4. pompa caputque: the chief 
dish, which the perverted and 
depraved taste of the time re- 
quired should be striking because 
of rarity, size, cost, or display of 
the culinary art. — pompa: it was 
brought into the triclinium with 
great ceremony, as the wine was 
carried into Nasidienus's banquet 
in Hor. 8.2.8. 13-152 Attica virgo 


cum sacris Cereris procedit fuscus 
Hydaspes Caecuba vina ferens. Cf. 
12. 62. 9-10 cernis ut Ausonio simi- 
lis tibi pompa macello pendeat; 
Petr. 60 avidius ad (kanc) pompam 
manus porreximus ; Knapp Class. . 
Rev. 10. 427-428. — caput: cf. Cic. 
Tusc. 5. 34. 98 ubi cum tyrannus 
cenavisset Dionysius, negavi se iure 
(‘broth’) lo migre, quod cenae 
caput erat, delectatum. 

5. Exclamare libet: cf. 2.75.9 
exclamare libet “ Crudelis, perfide, 
praedo”...; luv. 8. 29-30 excla- 
mare libet populus quod clamat 
Osiri invento. 

6. homo... comes: cf. Tuv. 
4. 25-26 hoc pretio squamae (emptae 
sunt)? potui fortasse minoris pi- 
scator quam piscis emi.— comes: 
from comedo. 

32. Ona picture of M. Antonius 
Primus. Cf. 10. 23. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Haec ( pictura): subj. of re- 
ferat, 2.— colitur...rosis: chap- 
lets were hung about the picture. 

3. mediis... annis: i.e. in his 
prime; cf. Zuvenen, 4. 

4. ore, Zi£eness; prop. the face 
shown in the picture. 


248 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[1o. 32. 5 


5 Ars utinam mores animumque effingere posset! 
pulchrior in terris nulla tabella foret. 


Omnes Sulpiciam legant puellae 
uni quae cupiunt viro placere, 
omnes Sulpiciam legant mariti 
uni qui cupiunt placere nuptae : 

s non haec Colchidos adserit furorem, 
diri prandia nec refert Thyestae, 
Scyllam, Byblida nec fuisse credit : 
sed castos docet et pios amores, 
lusus, delicias facetiasque. 

ro Cuius carmina qui bene aestimarit 


S. Ars... posset: cf. the 
verses written by Ben Jonson to 
accompany the Droeshaut engrav- 
ing of Shakespeare printed in the 
first folio of Shakespeare's works: 
“QO, could he but have drawn his 
wit As well in brasse as he hath 
hit His face, the print would then 
surpasse All that was ever writ in 
brasse”’. 

35- Sulpicia, whose wedded 
love is commemorated here, was 
a contemporary of M. and wrote 
erotic elegy. Cf. 10. 38. 2; Teuffel, 
§ 323. 6, 7. — Meter: § 49. 

1. puellae: for the thought cf. 
7. 88. 3-4. Puella is used of a 
(young) wife in poetry and post- 
Augustan prose; cf. 7. 88. 4 N. See 
below on 3, 20. 

2. uni... placere: ie. who 
are faithful to their marriage vows. 

3. mariti proves clearly the 
sense to be ascribed to puellae, 1. 

5. Colchidos...furorem: 
she does not appropriate as her 
theme the lust and crimes of a 


Medea. — Colchidos: see 5. 53. 1 N. 
— adserit: see on I. 15. 9. 

6. diri... Thyestae: see 3. 
45. 1 N.; cf. Apoll. Sidon. C. 23. 277 
sive prandia quis refert Thyestae. 

7. Scyllam...credit: Sulpicia 
does not credit certain stories of 
impure love; much less does she 
deem them worthy of her song. 
For Byblis see Ov. M. 9. 454-455. 

8. docet: Sulpicia is like a 
moral teacher or preacher. — pios 
amores: see App. 

9. lusus: Domitius thinks of 
dalliance **zmZer coniuges". This 
sense is possible enough after 
amores, 8; ludere is likewise used 
of amorous playing. But we may 
rather interpret /wsas by the nouns 
that follow and think then of 
‘frolics’ in general. In any case 
the adjectives of 8 must be car- 
ried over into this verse. — deli- 
cias, charming badinage (Steph.). 
— facetias: wit and humor. 

10-12. bene, fairly. — aesti- 
marit... dixerit: for the tenses 


IO. 35. 19] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


249 


nullam dixerit esse nequiorem, 
nullam dixerit esse sanctiorem ; 
tales Egeriae iocos fuisse 
udo crediderim Numae sub antro. 

15 Hac condiscipula vel hac magistra 
esses doctior et pudica, Sappho, 
sed tecum pariter simulque visam 
durus Sulpiciam Phaon amaret. 
Frustra, namque ea nec Tonantis uxor 


see A. 516, c, N.; L. 1627. — nequi- 
orem: cf. Zusus, 9, zocos, 13; see 
1. 109. 1 N.; 6. 82. 5 N. For the 
marked similarity of 11 and r2 cf. 
3. 44. 14-15; 4. 43. 7-8 zuro per 
Syrios tbi tumores, iuro per Be- 
recyntios furores; 5. 24. 5-6, etc. 
This usage, common in M., occurs 

- chiefly in his hendecasyllabics, the 
meter Catullus made so pecu- 
liarly his own; Catullus himself 
was fond of such repetitions (cf. 
e.g. I. 3 Passer, etc.). Seeon2. 4t. 
3-4; I. 109. 1; § 34.— sanctio- 
rem: cf. 10. 30. 5. 

13. Egeriae: one of the old 
Italian Camenae, who was said to 
have assisted King Numa in estab- 
lishing the religion of Rome. See 
Liv. 1. 19. 5; Ov. F. 3. 275. She is 
variously spoken of as the conzunx 
or the amzca of Numa; one tradi- 
tion declared that he met her ina 
spelunca near the Porta Capena at 
Rome, another made the grove 
of Aricia their rendezvous. See 
Preller-Jordan 2.129; Roscher Lex. 

14. udo» because of the water 
running from the spring in the 
cave. 

15-16. ‘Sappho might have 
learned both wisdom and good 
morals, had she been so fortunate 
as to be a schoolmate or pupil of 
Sulpicia Sappho and Alcaeus 


were the chief representatives of 
the Afolic school of lyric poetry. 
Brilliant Sappho surely was; 
modern scholars refuse to accept 
the view once current which rep- 
resented her as immoral.— esses: 
for tense see on amaret, 18. — doc- 
tior: see on I. 25.2; 1.61.1; etc. 
— pudica, following doctior, has 
comparative force. 

17. sed: there would have been 
loss to Sappho to offset her gain. 
—tecum...visam: ie. ‘had you 
and Sulpicia been seen together by 
Phaon’. 

18. durus: i.e. toward Sappho. 
—amaret: we might have had 
amasset (the protasis is in vzsaz, 
16); so for esses, 16, we might have 
had fuisses. But M. is writing as 
if Sappho were alive; we have in 
the unreal condition, then, a usage 
akin to that seen in the historical 
present. It would be possible, also, 
to say that we have a ‘future less 
vivid’ condition (of the sz plus 
pres. subjv. type) used of the past ; 
See on fosses, I. 4I. 17. 

19. Frustra (amaret): ‘Phaon 
would have loved her in vain; nay, 
no god even could win her from 
Calenus'. — ea: Sulpicia. — To- 
nantis: see I0. 20. 9 N. — Tonantis 
uxor: Juno. Uxor and puella (20) 
are pred. nominatives. 


250 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 35. 20 


20 nec Bacchi nec Apollinis puella 
erepto sibi viveret Caleno. 


Consule te Bruto quod iuras, Lesbia, natam, 


mentiris. 


Nata es, Lesbia, rege Numa ? 


sic quoque mentiris, namque, ut tua saecula narrant, 
ficta Prometheo diceris esse luto. 


Septima iam, Phileros, tibi conditur uxor in agro: 
plus nulli, Phileros, quam tibi, reddit ager. 


20. Bacchi: join with ze. 
— puella here hasa different sense 
from that seen in 1; render by 
‘lass’, ‘love’, We may suppose 
that Jupiter is mentioned in 19 for 
his majesty, which nonecould share 
with him save by wedlock, and that 
Bacchus and Apollo are named for 
their youthful beauty, which was, 
according to story, the undoing of 
many maids who did not become 
"xores of these gods. 

2r. erepto . . . Caleno = a 
protasis in plpf. subjunctive. — vi- 
veret: on this same wedded life 
See IO. 38. I-3, 9-14. 

39- ‘Lesbia is wrong about her 
age'. — Meter: $48. 

1. Consule... Bruto: i.e. in 
the first year of the Republic. 

2. rege Numa: at a time far 
antedating Brutus. 

3. namque: see App.— sae- 
cula, generations, centuries; nom., 
though some make it acc. See 
I. 107. 5; 5. 24. I. — narrant, 7e 
the story. 

4. Prometheo... .]luto: of the 
many confused Prometheus myths 
M. has used that which represents 
Prometheus as having created man 
out of clay; he thus created Pan- 





dora, the first woman. On another 
old woman cf. 1o. 67. 1-5. 

43. ‘His private burial-plot 
affords Phileros his best harvest; 
he has been enriched by the dowry 
of seven wives, who successively 
died’. M. insinuates that the wives 
died by Phileros’s help. On poison- 
ing in Rome see on 4. 69. 2; 8. 43; 
9. 15; cf. Iuv. 14. 220-222 elatam 
iam crede murum, si limina vestra 
mortifera cum dote subi: quibus 
ida premetur per somnum digitis! 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1. Septima... uxor: cf. 9. 15; 
9. 78. 1-2 funera post septem nupsit 
tibi Galla virorum, Picentine: sequi 
vult, puto, Galla viros. -— tibi. is 
both dat. of interest and dat. of 
the agent (so-called). — conditur 
= sepelitur; cf. 7. 96. 1 N.; Pers. 
2. 14 AVerio iam tertia conditur 
uxor. 

2. ager, the countryside, farm 
land, a (his) farm. Roman law re- 
quired that the burial-plot should 
be outside the city walls. Until 
wealth and luxury had made com- 
mon great mausolea along theroads 
leading from the city, this plot was 
apt to be strictly private, on a farm; 
there are many such old family 


* 


10. 47. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


251 


Vitam quae faciant beatiorem, 
iucundissime Martialis, haec sunt : 
res non parta labore, sed relicta, 
non ingratus ager, focus perennis, 

5 lis numquam, toga rara, mens quieta, 
vires ingenuae, salubre corpus, 


burial-plots in our own land. Cf. 
I. 114. I-4; I. IIÓ. 1-3. On the 
word ager see Kirk Class. Journ. 
2. 81. 

47- What constitutes a happy 
life? — Meter: § 49. 

2. Martialis: Iulius Martialis; 
see on 1. I5; 4. 64; 5. 20; etc. 

3. res — res familiaris, money, 
wealth, a frequent meaning, esp. in 
poetry. — relicta: i.e. by kinsfolk 
or friends; we should say zuAerzzted. 
Cf. Hor. Epod. 2. 1 ff. beatus z//e 
qui... paterna rura bobus exercet 
suis, solutus omni faenore. M.’s 
point is made clear by Plat. Rep. 
330 B-C; there Socrates declares 
that those who have inherited their 
wealth are generally free from the 
vice of caring too much for it. 
Excessive regard for wealth keeps 
one from using it. 

4. non ingratus: see 3. 58. 4N.; 
Cic. Cato M. 15. 51 Zerra, quae num- 
quam recusat imperium nec unt- 
quam sine usura reddit quod accepit. 
— focus perennis stands for an 
unfailing supply of food and the fuel 
necessary to cook it (metonymy); 
cf. Tib. 1. 1. 5-6 me mea paupertas 
vitae traducat inerti, dum meus ad- 
siduo luceat igne focus. 

5. lis, Jazszits, though less for- 
mal disputes may be included; cf. 
2. go. Io. — toga rara: the toga 
was costly in itself and in the ex- 
pense of keeping it clean (1. 103. 
5 N.), heavy, and in warm weather 


hot. The disposition to disuse it, 
by laying it off temporarily within 
one's own house or in the country, 
or by substituting for it in public 
something lighter, like the /acerna, 
was natural and tended to increase 
(3.63. 10 N.). Men, however, had 
to wear it at the various Zudi, and 
the client was burdened with it 
when he danced attendance on his 
patron (2. 29. 4 N.). With the text 
Cf. I. 49. 31 znusqua toga (of life in 
Spain); 10. 51. 6 o soles, o tunicata 
quies (in the country)! 12. 18. 17; 
luv. 3. 171—172 pars magna Italiae 
est, si verum admittimus, in qua 
nemo togam sumit nisi mortuus; 
Plin. Ep. 5. 6. 45 nula necessitas 
togae (at his Tuscan villa). — qui- 
eta: ie. free from worry. 

6. ingenuae: see 6. 11. 6N.; 
Ov. Tr. 1. 5. 71-72 Zl corpus erat 
durum patiensque laborum: inva- 
lidae vires ingenuaeque mihi. M. 
desires such strength as is needed 
by a gentleman, ie. by one who 
does not depend on sheer physical 
force for his livelihood. The word 
may, however, = zzzatae, éy'yevets. 
—salubre corpus: cf. Sen. Ep. 
Io. 4 roga bonam mentem, bonam 
valetudinem animi, deinde tunc 
corporis; Petr. 61 omnes bonam 
mentem bonamque valetudinem sibi 
optarunt; Luv. 10. 356 orandum est 
ut sit mens sana in corpore sano. 
Note the chiasmus in this vs.; cf. 
8. 2. 6; Paukstadt 31, 


252 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 47. 7 


prudens simplicitas, pares amici, 
convictus facilis, sine arte mensa, 
nox non ebria, sed soluta curis, 

10 non tristis torus, et tamen pudicus, 
somnus, qui faciat breves tenebras : 
quod sis esse velis nihilque malis ; 
summum nec metuas diem nec optes. 


Nuntiat octavam Phariae sua turba iuvencae, 


7. simplicitas: cf. 8. 73. 2 z/vea 
szmplicitate , 11. 20. 10 qui scis Ro- 
mana simplicitate loqui, 1. 39. 3-6 
5i quis...vera simplicitate bonus... 
erit. — pares: perhaps of equality 
in rank, wealth, etc., with the 
thought that friendship is possi- 
ble only between equals; perhaps, 
rather, well-matched, congenial. For 
the latter sense cf. Hor. Ep. 1. 5. 25 
(‘come to dinner with me: I will 
see to it") z£ coeat par iungaturque 
part; Cic. Cato M. 3. 7 pares autem 
vetere proverbio cum paribus facit- 
lime congregantur. 

8. facilis: because the amici 
are Pares. — sine arte mensa: a 
plain, old-fashioned dinner, plainly 
served, such as ro. 48 describes. 

9. nox... Curis: ie. let there 
be just wine enough at the cozzzs- 
satio to make us forget the burdens 
of life. 

IO. tristis, prudish. 


ii. Somnus .. . tenebras: i.e. 
sound, unbroken sleep. See on 
z. 90. I0; 9. 68.1. 


12-13. quod sis: pred. nom. to 
esse velis. — sis: subjv. because 
dependent on other subjunctives 
(attraction). — velis... optes: 
these four subjunctives of wish or 
prayer, coming as they do after a 
long array of nouns in app. to haec, 


2, seem at first sight abrupt; it 
should be noted, however, that 
M.'s statement of the essentials of 
happiness really involves a prayer 
for their acquisition. We should 
say something like *willingness to 
be what you are, absence of all 
desire for change, no fear of death, 
no craving for its coming’. — nihil 

. malis: cf. Iuv. 10. 356-362. 
See $37. —summum. ... diem 
= supremum diem, death; see on 
I. 10g. I7. — nec optes: ie. on 
account of life's burdens. 

48. A picture of a simple din- 
ner. Cf. 5.78; 11. 52. See $18. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1. Nuntiat: i.e. as water-clock 
or sun-dial or slave-crier might; 
cf. 8. 67. 1 horas quinque puer non- 
dum tibi nuntiat; Petr. 26. The 
noise of the metallic rattle (s¢stra) 
used in the worship of Isis an- 
nounces to the goddess that the 
hour for the realistic ceremony has 
arrived. See Preller-Jordan 2. 381. 
— octavam: sc. horam.— Phariae 
...iuvencae: see 2. 14. 7-8 N.; 
Ov. F. 5. 619-620 hoc alii signum 
Phariam dixeve iuvencam, quae bos 
ex homine est, ex bove facta dea. 
‘For the Isis Pharia see Preller- 
Jordan 2. 374; 382; on the cow- 
symbol see id. 2. 375; 377; 381. 3; 


10. 48. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


253 


et pilata redit iam subiitque cohors. 
Temperat haec thermas, nimios prior hora vapores 
halat et inmodico sexta Nerone calet. 
5 Stella, Nepos, Cani, Cerialis, Flacce, venitis ? 
septem sigma capit: sex sumus ; adde Lupum. 
Exoneraturas ventrem mihi vilica malvas 


Roscher Lex. — turba: the wor- 
ship of Isis was very popular; the 
word covers priests as well as 
devotees. Cf. 12. 28. 19 Ji»zgeri 
Sugiunt calui sistrataque turba. 

2. pilata... cohors: an ob- 
scure verse, of uncertain text and 
variously interpreted; see App. 
It is perhaps hopelessly corrupt. 
Fried., following Gronovius, inter- 
prets 2Z/aa as ‘equipped with pz/a’ 
(cf. Verg. A. 12. 121) and 2Zaza 
cohors as a cohort of the Praetorian 
Guard, which has just been relieved 
from duty by another cohort (see 
Marq.-Wissowa 2. 476. 7) and on 
its way back to the Castra Prae- 
toria has approached M.’s dwelling 
on the Quirinal. But we have no 
proof that the watch was regularly 
changedatthe eighth hour; further, 
the change of tense and the omis- 
sion of the terminus ad quem 
(domum meam, or the like) are 
very harsh and very unlike M.’s 
usually limpid style. Scaliger read 
atque pilata, and made pilata cohors 
the company of devotees of Isis 
with shaven heads (pilata = depi- 
lata = calva; see 12. 29. 19, cited 
on 1) returning to the temple from 
a religious procession. The temple 
of Isisin the Campus Martius would 
probably be visible from M.’s lodg- 
ing on the Quirinal. 

3. Temperat: i.e. from the 
eighth hour the water is more tem- 
pered and agreeable than at an 
earlier hour, prob. because that 
hour suited the greatest number 


of bathers. On the bathing hours 
see Beck. 3.152 ff.; Marq. 269 ff. — 
haec: sc. hora.—thermas: see 
2. I4. 11-12 N.; 4. 8. 5. — nimios 
-.. vapores: heat too great for 
the ordinary bather, shown by ex- 
cess of steam. 

4. inmodico. .. Nerone: i.e. 
the baths of Nero (see 3. 25. 4), 
popular with the exquisites, and 
apparently heated earlier and to a 
higher temperature than the other 
thermae. For the metonymy cf. 
9. 61. IS N.; IO. 24. II post hunc 
JVestora (i.e. such a life as Nestor 
might have lived) zec diem rogabo. 

5. Stella: see r. 61. 4 N.; 7. 36.6. 
— Nepos: a friend and city neigh- 
bor of M. — Cani: see 1. 61.9 N.— 
Cerialis: Iulius Cerialis; on his 
poetry see 11. 52. 17-18.— Flacce: 
prob. the Flaccus of 4. 49; 8. 56; 
etc. — venitis: it is now time for 
dinner. The word is semi-techni- 
cal; cf. 11. 52.2; Plin. Ep. 1. 15. 1 
heus tu promittis ad cenam nec 
venis! ‘The usual hour for dinner 
was the ninth; ‘see 4. 8. 6-7 N.; 11. 
52. 3; Marg. 297-298. 

6. sigma: cf. 9. 59. 9 N.; 14.87. " 
1-2 accipe lunata scriptum testu- 
dine sigma; octo capit; veniat quis- 
guis amicus erit. — Lupum: cf. 
$$ s : 

7. vilica: perhaps the wife of 
the vzcus on his Nomentanum; 
see 19; cf. 9. 60. 3. — Verses 7-12 
tell what was served during the 
gustus (see 1. 43. 3-8 N.; 1. 103. 
7-8).— malvas: esteemed as a 


254 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 48. 8 


adtulit et varias, quas habet hortus, opes, 
in quibus est lactuca sedens et tonsile porrum, 


IO 


nec deest ructatrix mentha nec herba salax ; 


secta coronabunt rutatos ova lacertos, 
et madidum thynni de sale sumen erit. 


Gustus in his ; 


una ponetur cenula mensa, 


haedus, inhumani raptus ab ore lupi, 


laxative; cf. Hor. Epod. 2. 57-58 
gravi malvae salubres corpori, C. 
I. 31. 16 Zevesque malvae. 

8. varias... opes: in an- 
tiquity vegetables were the staple 
food of the poor; meat was too 
expensive. 

9. lactuca... porrum: /actuca 
and porrum were sometimes 
allowed to grow before they were 
used; sometimes the leaves were cut 
off as they came up, and were used 
forthwith. The former sort was 
called capitatus, the latter secziZs, 
sectivus, tonsilis, sessilis, sedens; see 
Beck. 3. 352. Cf. 3. 47. 8 (Ire vi- 
deres) utrumque porrum sessilesque 
lactucas. — sedens: a picturesque 
epithet of the dactuca (porrum) 
sectilis; translate by squat, dwarf. 
In comparison with this the other 
sort of dactuca and porrum would 
tower high.—tonsile porrum, 
tops of cut leek, cut-leek tops. Porrum 
was a poor man’s dish; cf. Hor. S. 
I. 6. 114-115 inde domum me ad 
Borri et ciceris refero laganique 

' catinum ; Luv. 3.293-294 quis tecum 


sectile porrum sutor ... comedit; 
Beck. 3. 356. 
I0. deest: see 8. 55. 3 N. — 


mentha: cf. Plin. N. H. i» 160 
grato mentha mensas odore per- 
currit in rusticis dapibus. — herba 
salax: some spice or aphrodisiac, 
prob. eruca (or satureia), is meant. 
Cf. Ov. A. A. 2. 421-423 candidus 

- bulbus et ex horto quae venit 


herba salax ovaque sumantur; 
Beck. 3. 356. 

II. secta... ova: no rarity; 
cf. Iuv. 5. 84-85 sed tibi dimidio 
constrictus cammarus ovo ponitur. 
— coronabunt, w// garnish ; prop. 
‘will surround’; cf. 1o. 62. 5; see 
on coronae, I. 41. 5. —rutatos... 
lacertos: the /acertus was a salt- 
water fish of which several varieties 
were recognized; cf. 11. 52. 7-8; 
Beck. 3. 331. The rue (rata) was 
served, perhaps, as sauce, as we 
serve mint sauce with lamb; per- 
haps the leaves were used as gar- 
nishing, as in 11. 52. 7-8. 

12. madidum...sumen: the 
udder and the matrix of ^ young 
sow, esp. when the pigs had been 
taken away from the mother before 
they had sucked, were in fact ac- 
counted great delicacies, and are 
often found at a dinner more elabo- 
rate than this is supposed to be; 
cf. 7. 78. 3 sumen, aprum, leporem, 
boletos, ostrea, mullos. M.’s dinner, 
though simple, is fine. — madidum 

. de sale: the udder was spiced 
with a brine (zzz7a) made from the 
thynnus.—thynni: see 3. 2. 4 N. 

I3. una... mensa: a modest 
feast served as a single course 
(ferculum). Note the dim. cenzla. 

14. haedus: rather than the 
conventional afer. — inhumani 

. . lupi: ie. the kid was not 
killed specially for the cezzu/a ; cf. 
Hor. Epod. z. 60 vel haedus ereptus 


ca 


10. 48. 22] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


255 


15 et quae non egeant ferro structoris ofellae, 
et faba fabrorum prototomique rudes ; 
pullus ad haec cenisque tribus iam perna superstes 
addetur. Saturis mitia poma dabo, 
de Nomentana vinum sine faece lagona, 
20 quae bis Frontino consule trima fuit. 
Accedent sine felle ioci nec mane timenda 
libertas et nil quod tacuisse velis : 


lupo, with Smith's note; Prop. 4. 4. 
54 nutrit inkumanae dura papilla 
Jupae. Shorey on Hor. Epod. 2. 60 
remarks that *there was a belief 
that the wolf selected the best, 
and that rd Avuxófpera were the 
most toothsome (Plut. Sympos. 
2. )". ' 
15. ferro, Zzfz. —structoris = 
scissoris; carving had been re- 
duced to an art; see 3.12.2N.; 
luv. 5. 120-124; Beck. 3. 369 ff.; 
Marq. 146. — ofellae: small bits of 
meat, cuts; cf. 12. 48. 17. Ofellae 
were sometimes very elaborately 
prepared; see Apic.7.265. The 
word, a dim. of offa, belongs to the 
sermo plebeius; see Cooper, § 41. 
16. faba: food of the poor; cf. 
Hor. S. 2. 6. 63-64 0 guando faba 
Pythagorae cognata simulque uncta 
satis pingui ponentur holuscula 
lardo? Beck. 3. 358; Fried. SG. 
I. 295. — fabrorum: with faba; 
logically it—an adj. simplex. — 
prototomi: i.e. early sprouts, esp. 
of caulis and coliculi; cf. Col. ro. 
369 sed iam prototomos tempus de- 
cidere caules. — rudes: perhaps 
common, simple, perhaps young. 
17. Cenis . . . superstes: i.e. 
the ham would now be served for 
the fourth time. Among the rich 
to serve the same food more than 
once was accounted niggardly. 
Cf. 1. 103. 7; 3. 58. 42; Tuv. 14. 
129-133. In Petr. 41 a boar is 


pilleatus, because cum heri summa 
cena eum vindicasset, a convivis 
dimissus est itaque hodie tamquam 
[libertus in convivium revertitur. 

18. Saturis (vodis): ie. ‘after 
you have fared well on the sub- 
stantial part of the dinner'. The 
mensae secundae come now (18- 
20); see 3. 50. 6 N. 

19. Nomentana...lagona: 
for M.’s Momentanum see 2. 38; 
9. 18. 2; etc.; for /agona see 4. 69. 
3N. M.hints that he had raised 
this wine himself and that there- 
fore it has value, though in itself 
a common sort of wine.— sine 
faece: added as further compen- 
sation for the fact that the wine 
was none of the best. 

20. quae. . . fuit: M. is speak- 
ing playfully (see on 7. 79. 1); it 
has some age, too, to recommend 
it. — bis. . . consule: ZZ; replaces 
the normal #terum,arare use. The 
date meant is 98 or 97; see Klein 
52. Gilbert Rh. Mus. 4o. 216 dif- 
fers. — trima: see App. 

21-22. Accedent in sense — 
addentur. — nec...libertas: zec 
— et non; et non mane timenda is 
then restrictive, as szze fel/eis with 
foci. The thought is: ‘there will be 
freedom of speech, yes, but not the 
sort that calls for repentance the 
day after’ M. is thinking of 
the dangers that beset men under 
rulers like Tiberius and Domitian, 


256 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 48. 23 


de prasino conviva meus venetoque loquatur, 
nec faciunt quemquam pocula nostra reum. 


Frangat Idumaeas tristis Victoria palmas, 
plange, Favor, saeva pectora nuda manu ; 
mutet Honor cultus et iniquis munera flammis 


when innocent remarks of a private 
conversation were purposely mis- 
construed and when traps were 
set to tempt men to utter words 
that turned out to be their death- 
warrants (see on 1. 27. 6-7). It is 
instructive to find M. talking un- 
der Nerva as if such dangers still 
threatened men. — tacuisse velis: 
see on I. I07. 6. 

23. de... loquatur: ie. ‘let 
my guests discuss harmless mat- 
ters’. There were originally two 
factiones circi, i.e. two companies 
that provided the horses, chariots, 
and jockeys; these were the White 
(aléata) and the Red (russata). To 
these were soon added the Green 
(2rasina) and the Blue (vezeta). 
Domitian added two, the Gold and 
the Purple. The spectators cham- 
pioned the various colors, showing 
passionate enthusiasm and hatred 
of rival partisans. See Gibbon, 
chapter 40. 2, on the great riot in 
Constantinople in 532. See 9. 68. 8 
N.; Fried. SG. 2. 336 ff.; Marq.- 
Wissowa 3. 517 ff.; Lanciani Anc. 
R.213-217.— prasino... veneto: 
sc. colore; cf. 11. 33. 1-2 saepius ad 
palmam prasinus post facta Neronis 
pervenit et victor praemia plura re- 
Jert; 14. 131. 1-2 sz veneto prast- 
nove faves, quid coccina sumes? ne 
fias ista transfuga sorte vide; Plin. 
Ep. g. 6, in full. 

24. faciunt...reum: ie. be- 
cause of what he has unwittingly 
said. Note shift of moods in 21-24. 


50. On the death of Flavius 
Scorpus, a famous charioteer 
(aurzga, agitator) of the circus. 
See Fried. SG. 2. 327; 515. In 
IO. 74. 5 and r1. 1. 16 Scorpus is 
spoken of as living; this epigram, 
then, was written for the second 
edition of Book X (see ro. 2. In- 
trod.). Fried. thinks that Scorpus 
died between December 96 and the 
summer of 98. — Meter: § 48. 

1, Frangat... palmas: since 
Victory's favorite son has at last 
met a conqueror in death, ‘let Vic- 
tory mourn and lay aside all sym- 
bols of success’, — Idumaeas. . . 
palmas: parts of Judaea produced 
fine palms; cf. Verg. G. 3.12 primus 
Jdumaeas referam. tibi, Mantua, 
palmas. For the bestowal of the 
palm, symbol of victory, on the 
victorious charioteer cf. Iuv. 8. 
57-59 nempe volucrem sic lauda- 
mus ecum, facili cui plurima palma 
Servet et exultat. rauco victoria 
circo; Marq.-Wissowa 3. 522. 

2. plange... pectora: a com- 
mon expression of grief, prob. 
Oriental in origin; cf. Ov. M. 6. 
248-249 aspicit Alphenor laniata- 
que pectora plangens advolat. For 
display of grief at funerals see 
Beck. 3. 503-504; 512 ff. — Favor: 
the applause or favor of the spec- 
tators personified; cf. Plin. Ep. 9. 
6. 2 nunc favent (spectatores) panno 
(i.e. their favorite colors). 

3. mutet ... cultus: ie. put 
on mourning. — munera: pred. 


10. 53. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


257 


mitte coronatas, Gloria maesta, comas. 
5 Heu facinus! prima fraudatus, Scorpe, iuventa 
occidis et nigros tam cito iungis equos. 
Curribus illa tuis semper properata brevisque 
cur fuit et vitae tam prope meta tuae? 


Ille ego sum Scorpus, clamosi gloria circi, 
plausus, Roma, tui deliciaeque breves, 


acc.; cf. Val. Flac. 3. 312-313 e£ 
socios lustrate rogos; date debita 
caesis munera, quae nostro misisset 
Cyzicus igni; Suet. Iul. 83; Beck. 
3- 527-528. 

4. mitte... comas: Glory is 
not merely to rend her hair (sczz- 
dere comas), but to offer it to the 
dead man. In coronatas there is an 
allusion to the fact that the vic- 
torious drivers received crowns. 

5-6. prima. . . occidis: Scor- 
pus died at 27 (see ro. 53. 3); cf. 
Ov. M. 10. 196 daderis, Ocebalide, 
prima fraudate iuventa. — nigros 

. equos: M. writes as if Scor- 
pus were to continue in the lower 
world his earthly occupations. Ob- 
jects in Hades were conventionally 
dark-hued. Various commentators 
make Pluto appropriate Scorpus 
as his own charioteer; for Pluto's 
black horses cf. Ov. M. 5. 359-361. 

7. illa: i.e. of the circus; join 
with z:e£a, 8. The metae were sets 
of cone-shaped turning-posts, three 
in each set, at the ends of the spzza, 
the low wall which ran down the 
race-course for about two thirds of 
itslength, to divideitinto two parts. 
Oneset marked the close of the race. 
— properata, quickly traversed. 

8. et — etam, quoque; it adds 
vitae to ?//a, 7. — meta: for the fig. 
use cf. Ov. Tr. 1.9.1 detur inoffensam 


vitae tibi tangere metam; Verg. 
A. IO. 471—472 etiam sua Turnum 
fata vocant metasque dati pervenit 
ad aevi; 12. 546 hic tibi mortis erant 
metae. — prope: note the adv. with 
fuit. Sum, as meaning ‘exist’, was 
originally construed only with an 
adverb. Certain adverbs (éexe, 
male, aegre, clam, ut, sic, ita, aliter, 
contra, prope, procul) are used with 
the verb in classical prose ; in collo- 
quial language many others are so 
used (see on Pulchre esse, 12. 17. 9). 
— We might set a colon after 7 and 
supply /74; this, however, would 
be harsh. Yet the mixture of the 
literal and the fig. sense of meza in 
one sentence in our interpretation 
is also harsh. 

53. Seero. 5o. Introd. — Meter: 
$48. 

i-2. clamosi . . . circi: cf. 10. 
50. I-2 N.; Aus. Epitaph. 33 (35). 1 
clamosi spatiosa per aequora circi; 
Sen. Ep. 83. 7 ecce Circensium ob- 
strepit clamor; subita aliqua et 
universa voce fertuntur aures meae. 
— gloria...plausus...breves: 
cf. 9. 28. 1-2 dulce decus scaenae, 
ludorum fama, Latinus ille ego sum, 
plausus deliciaegue tuae, — plau- 
sus: Rome had applause for no - 
one else; cf. Zavor, 10. 50. 4 N.— 
deliciae: see 1. 109. 5 N.; 7. 88. z. 
—breves: cf. 10. 50. 7-8 N.; 6. 28. 3. 


258 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 53. 3 


invida quem Lachesis raptum trieteride nona, 
dum numerat palmas, credidit esse senem. 


54 


Mensas, Ole, bonas ponis, sed ponis opertas ; 
ridiculum est: possum sic ego habere bonas. 


Argenti libram mittebas ; facta selibra est, 
sed piperis. Tanti non emo, Sexte, piper. 


Anxuris aequorei placidos, Frontine, recessus 


3. Lachesis: subject of both 
verbs in 4; cf. 1. 88. ON.; 4. 54. 9. 
—raptum...nona:i.e. he was but 
27 years old. aptum emphasizes 
the cruelty of his untimely taking- 
off; cf. 1. 88. 1-2 Alcime, quem 
raptum. domino crescentibus annis 
Lavicana levi caespite velat humus; 
C.I.L. III. Suppl. 8376 militia zn- 
signi raptus trieteride sexta.— 
trieteride: see 7. 96. 3 N. 

4. numerat palmas: see Io. 
50.1N. According to C.LL.6. z. 
10048 Scorpus won 2048 victories. 
— credidit...senem: cf. 4. 73.8 
segue mori post hoc credidit ille 
senem, —senem: i.e. a fit subject 
for death. Cf. Consol. ad Liv. 
447—449 quid numeras annos? vixi 
maturior annis: acta senem faciunt: 
haec numeranda tib his aevum 
fuit implendum, non segnibus an- 
nis; Curt. 9. 6. 19 ego... non annos 
meos, sed victorias numero: st mu- 
nera fortunae bene computo, diu 
Vixi. 

54. Meter: $48. 

1. Mensas: see 7. 48. 1-2. — 
ponis: see 1. 43. 2 N. — opertas: 


See 9. 59. 7 N. 


2. ego: emphatic; *even a poor 
man like myself’. 

57. To a patronus, whose 
presentat the Saturnalia has dimin- 
ished from year to year. Cf. 8.71. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Argenti libram: prob. a 
small piece of plate. — mittebas 
= olim mittere solitus es. 

2. sed piperis: as in 1. 43. 9. 
Facta ... piperis = facta non modo 
selibra sed etiam piperis est. — 
Tanti = argenti libra; M. humor- 
ously represents the current gift, 
selibra piperis, as bought by the 
argenti libra he received in other 
days, and so says ‘I am not in the 
habit of buying pepper for twice 
its weight in silver’. Cf. 4. 26. 4; 
9. 100. 6. 

58. M. makes his excuses for 
failing to pay his respects to Fron- 
tinus (see Io. 48. 20) at Rome as 
he had at Anxur. — Meter: § 48. 

r. Anxuris aequorei: Anxur 
was an old Volscian town, situated 
where the Via Appia touched the 
sea at the southern end of the 
Paludes Pomptinae. 7arrácina, 
its Roman name, cannot stand 


10. 58. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


259 


et propius Baias litoreamque domum, 
et quod inhumanae cancro fervente cicadae 
non novere nemus flumineosque lacus 
s. dum colui, doctas tecum celebrare vacabat 
Pieridas: nunc nos maxima Roma terit. 
Hic mihi quando dies meus est? iactamur in alto 
urbis et in sterili vita labore perit, 
dura suburbani dum iugera pascimus agri 
10 vicinosque tibi, sancte Quirine, lares. 


in dactylic verse. — placidos... 
recessus: a marked contrast to 
the bustle and drive of Rome(6-8); 
c£. 10. 51. 6-8 o tunicata quies! o 
nemus, o fontes solidumque ma- 
dentis harenae ditus et aequoreis 
splendidus Anxur aquis. —reces- 
sus, retreat; cf. secesszes, 10. 104. 14; 
Iuv. 3. 4-5 (Cumae) zazza Bazarum 
est et gratum litus amoeni secessus. 

2. propius Baias, a nearer 
Baiae, involves a metaphor and the 
use of adv. with a noun (see on 3. 
58. s1). ‘Anxur is a second Baiae, 
aye, more than a second Baiae, for 
it is nearer to Rome’. See Gilbert 
Q.C. 2, N. 2. —litoream . . . do- 
mum: a seaside villa with the com- 
forts of a town palace (domus). 

3. inhumanae: applied to the 
cicadae because their presence 
always betokens heat; cf. e.g. Verg. 
E. 2. 13 sole sub ardenti resonant 
arbusta cicadis. The cicada (rér- 
Ti£) is not the grasshopper, but a 
hemipterous insect which lives on 
trees (its American representatives 
are the harvest-fly and the seven- 
teen-year locust); cf. Plin. N. H. 
II.95czcadae non nascuntur in rari 
late arborum .. . nec in campis nec 
in frigidis aut umbrosis nemoribus. 
— cancro fervente: i.e. at the hot 
period, when the sun is in the sign 
of the zodiac called Cancer and 


the cicadae are unusually noisy; cf. 
Ov. M. ro. 126-127 solisque vapore 
concava. litorei fervebant bracchia 
cancri. 

4. non novere: the grove is so 
cool that the czcadae are not found 
there; see on 3. — flumineos .. 
lacus: prob. the canalthat ran from 
Forum Appi through the Paludes 
Pomptinae to Anxur. In 10.51.10 
M. says this same villa vide hinc 
puppes fluminis, inde maris. Flu- 
men is used elsewhere of a canal. 
Horace’s amusing account of expe- 
riences on this canal (S. 1. 5. 11-23) 
is known to all classical readers. 

5. colui = zzcoui. — vacabat 
(mhz): impersonal, ‘I had leisure’. 

6. Pieridas: see 1. 76. 3 N.— 
maxima Roma: see 1. 3. 3 N.; 
7. 96. 2. — terit: cf. 4. 8. 1 N. 

7. Hic: at Rome. — iactamur 
in alto: ‘I am storm-tossed on the 
sea of city life’. 

8. sterili: see 1. 76. 14 N. 

9-10. See $8 10-11. — subur- 
bani... agri: seeon 2. 38; 9. 18. 
2; 9. 60. 6; 9.97. 7. —dura . .. 
iugera: see 1.85.2; cf. seri... 
labore, 8. — pascimus: i.e. ‘I keep 
the farm, it does not keep me’. Cf. 
9. I8, with notes; 10. 96. 7. — vici- 
nos... lares: the temple of Qui- 
rinus was on the western slope of 
the Collis Quirinalis and evidently 


260 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 58. 11 


Sed non solus amat qui nocte dieque frequentat 
limina nec vatem talia damna decent. 

Per veneranda mihi Musarum sacra, per omnes 
iuro deos: et non officiosus amo. 


61 


Hic festinata requiescit Erotion umbra, 
crimine quam fati sexta peremit hiems. 
Quisquis eris nostri post me regnator agelli, 
manibus exiguis annua iusta dato: 
5 Sic lare perpetuo, sic turba sospite solus 
flebilis in terra sit lapis iste tua. 


not far from M.'s town house. — 
lares: see 1.70.2;9.18. 2 N. Lan- 
ciani, P. and Chr. Rome 192, thinks 
that M. didnot live in his own house 
here, but “was the guest of his 
wealthy relative and countryman, 
Valerius Vegetus, cos. 91 A.D., whose 
city residence occupied half the 
site of the present building of the 
Ministry of War on the Via Venti 
Settembre”. Cf. Hiilsen Rh. Mus. 
49. 396 ff. 

11-12. nocte dieque: for met- 
rical reasons this order is frequent 
in verse; cf. 11. 55. 6; Iuv. 3. 105. 
JVocte emphasizes the earliness of 
the saZutatio. — vatem: see I. 61. 
I N.58. 55. 11. — damna: constant 
attendance on patrons involves 
loss of time that might be put to 
profitable use; cf. 1. 70. 17-18. 

13. veneranda logically be- 
longs with Musarum rather than 
with sacra. Per... sacra = ‘by 
my art that I am bound to love 
above all else’. 


14. et non officiosus: ‘even. 


though I am remiss in discharging 
my duty as a client’. — officiosus: 
cf. 1.70.2 N. 

61. On Erotion. See 5. 34; 
5.37. M.’s anxiety lest the subse- 


quent owner of the Nomentanum 
should neglect the tomb of Erotion 
was increased by his intention to 
leave Rome and return to Spain. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. festinata: i.e. that overtook 
her all too soon; cf. 2; 5. 34. 5-6.: 
— umbra: sc. monumenti, tumuli; 
local ablative. 

2. crimine . . . fati: cf. 11. 93. 
3-4 0 scelus, 0 magnum facinus 
crimenque deorum, non arsit pari- 
ter quod domus et dominus; Stat. 
Silv. 1. 4. 17 sec tantum induerint 
fatis nova saecula crimen. — sexta 
. .. hiems: see 5. 34. 5-6. : 

3. regnator, master. Asrex = 
patronus, so regnum = ‘the (a) rich 
man’s estate’; cf. 12. 31. 8; 12. 57. 
I9. — agelli: dim. of affection. 

4. manibus exiguis = manibus 
huius tam parvae puellae. Manes 
= ‘the spirits of the good’; cf. 
Preller-Jordan 2. 66; Roscher Lex. 
With exzguis cf. parvola, 5. 34. 3. 
— annua iusta: rites in honor of 
the dead were celebrated on the 
anniversary of the death, and at 
the Parentalia (February 13-21); 
see Preller-Jordan 2. 98 ff. 

5-6. lare...sospite: abl. abs. 
with causal force. — perpetuo:ie. 


10. 62. 7] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


62 


261 


Ludi magister, parce simplici turbae : 
sic te frequentes audiant capillati 

et delicatae diligat chorus mensae, 
nec calculator nec notarius velox 


maiore quisquam circulo coronetur. 


Albae leone flammeo calent luces 
tostamque fervens Iulius coquit messem : 


remaining in the undisturbed pos- 
session of your family. — turba, 
your household; cf. Iuv. 14. 166- 
167 saturabat glaebula talis patrem 
ipsum turbamque casae. — flebilis 
— either flendus (freely, cause for 
tears), or fetus, bemoaned. Ct. Hor. 
C.1.24.9. The sense is ‘may no 
one else in all your household die’. 
Cf. 6. 28. 10. 

62. Anappealtoschoolmasters 

to deal gently with their pupils 
in summer. Cf. 9. 68. — Meter: 
§ 52. 
1. Ludi magister: see 9. 68. 1. 
—simplici, Zezder, youthful. See 
on 2. 

2. sic = quod si feceris; see on 


forth on a reckoning-board (a/a- 
cus). Cf.also Isid. Orig. 10. 43 cal- 
culator (est, ‘is derived’) a calculis, 
id est lapillis minutis, quos antiqui 
2u manu tenentes numeros. compo- 
nebant; Beck. 2. 101; Marg. 97. 


— notarius, a shorthand writer. 


Stenography (zotae Tirontanae), 
which had been brought to a high. 
state of perfection by this time, 
seems to have beenin great demand 


: in the courts, in the schools, and 


7. 89. 4.—capillati: boys wore: 


their hair long till they laid aside 
the toga praetexta. See 2. 97. 51 3. 
58. 30-31; 9. 29. 7 ec matutini cir- 
rata caterva magistri. 

3. delicatae: transferred epi- 
thet; it would be used more prop- 
eily of the children who sit at the 
master's table. See on I. 15. 7. 
Perhaps, however, 4Ze/afae pic- 
tures the result of ze... diligat, 
* love you till they count your table 
their heart’s delight’. C£, then, 
deliciae = * pet',and note the juxta- 
position of effect and cause. 

4. calculator: a teacher of 
arithmetic ; in reckoning, counters 
(calculi) were moved back and 


even in the houses of the well-to- 
do; see 14. 208. 

5. circulo: a ring of people, 
here of pupils ; cf. chorus, 3; 2. 86. 
11-12 scribat carmina circulis Pa- 
laemon, me varis tuvat auribus 
placere.—coronetur: cf. 10. 48. 
II N. 

6. Albae . . . luces, cloudless 
days. With the vs. cf. 4. 57. 5 N. 

4. tostam, ZZ// zt is parched; 
cf. note on ZeZcatae, 3. — Iulius 
(mensis): July. The months long 
known as Quintilis and Sextilis 
were named Iulius and Augustus 
in honor of Julius Caesar and 
Augustus.— coquit: cf. Pers. 3. 
5-6 szccas insana canicula messes 
zam dudum coquit. We might also 
render this vs. by ‘is positively 
cooking the parched earth’. 

8-10. M. is playful;she cannot 
find words strong enough to ex: 
press his horror. 


262 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 62. 8 


cirrata loris horridis Scythae pellis, 
qua vapulavit Marsyas Celaenaeus, 

10 ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedagogorum, 
cessent et Idus dormiant in Octobres : 
aestate pueri si valent, satis discunt. 


Cum te municipem Corinthiorum 


8. cirrata .. . pellis, the Scyth- 
zan’s skin ringleted (tufted) with 
bristling thongs, is grimly humorous 
for ‘the cat-o-nine-tails of curling 
Scythian leather’. M. seems to be 
thinking of a flagellum; see on 
8.23.3. Another view is that the 
instrument consisted of but one 
lash, whose side (sides) was (were) 
cut into short strips which hung 
loose about it. When this lash had 
been wet, by blood, perspiration, 
or otherwise, these tags of leather 
(oris) would curl up (czrzata) and 
stand out stiff and hard (Aorrz- 
dis) till they were wet again, and 
so when the scourge was first 
brought into use on any occasion 
they would have much the same ef- 
fect as the loading of the /age//um 
(8.23.3 N.). — Scythae is gen.sing. 
masc. The Scythians were typical 
barbarians; Hdt. 4. 64 describes 
the uses to which they put the 
skins which they stripped from 
their dead foes. M. thinks of the 
Scythian as fit source of the lashes 
with which schoolmasters flog boys 
(see on 9. 68. 4). ; 

9. qua: ie. the like of that 
which Apollo used to flog Marsyas, 
before he flayed him alive for 
having dared to vie with him in 
musical skill. — vapulavit: this 
verb is regularly pass. in sense, 
though always active in form. — 
Celaenaeus: Apollo and Marsyas 


contended at Celaenae in Phrygia. 
Xenophon Anab. 1. 2. 8 mentions 
the flaying of Marsyas (but not the 
flogging). 

1o. ferulae: rods fashioned 
from the giant fennel (váp8m£) were 
used as an instrument of punish- 
ment in schools; cf. Iuv. 1. 15 ezgo 
manum ferulae subduximus; Suet. 
Gramm. 9 sz quos Orbilius ferula 
scuticague cecidit. — sceptra: cf. 
Aus. Ep. 14. 1 Awsonius, cutus fe- 
rulam nunc sceptra verentur. 

1r. Idus... in Octobres: this 
passage is often taken to imply 
that schools were regularly closed 
from July to October (see editors 
on Hor. S. 1. 6. 75) ; but no such 
inference concerning school prac- 
fice can be drawn from a single 
man's appeal to the schoolmaster 
to give a long vacation — unless in- 
deed it be the inference that such 
vacation was exceptional: else why 
the appeal? 

12. valent, keep their health. 

65. M. resents the familiarity 
of Charmenion, a Greek fop, and 
threatens retaliation in kind.— 
Meter: § 49. 

I. municipem prop. designates 
a citizen of a free town; Corinth, 
however, was in M.’s day a colonia, 
established by Julius Caesar. The 
old city, which was destroyed by 
L. Mummius in 146 B.c., had been 
accounted the most luxurious and 


10. 65.15] 


IO 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


iactes, Charmenion, negante nullo, 
cur frater tibi dicor, ex Hiberis 

et Celtis genitus Tagique civis ? 

an voltu similes videmur esse ? 

Tu flexa nitidus coma vagaris, 
Hispanis ego contumax capillis, 
levis dropace tu cotidiano, 

hirsutis ego cruribus genisque ; 

os blaesum tibi debilisque lingua est, 
nobis filia fortius loquetur : 

tam dispar aquilae columba non est, 


263 


nec dorcas rigido fugax leoni. 
Quare desine me vocare fratrem, 
15 ne te, Charmenion, vocem sororem. 


effeminate city in Greece; cf. Iuv. 
8. 112-113 despicias tu forsitan in- 
bellis Rhodios unctamque Corinthon. 

2. Charmenion: doubtless a 
freedman. 

3-4. Hiberis. . . genitus: cf. 
I. 61. 11-12 N.; 4. 55. 8 nos. Celtis 
genitos et ex Hiberis. The Hiberi 
and the Celtae are frequently men- 
tioned together; cf. 10. 78. 9-10 os 
Celtas, Macer, et truces. Hiberos 
... petemus. Though the Romans 
had learned to respect the Gauls 
and the Spaniards for their virility 
and rugged strength, they still com- 
monly regarded them as lacking in 
culture. — Tagi: cf. 7. 88. 7 N.; 
IO. 17. 4. 

5. an... esse: seeon 8. 3. 
13. 

6. flexa... coma: cf. flexos 
++. vines, 3. 63. 3 N. — nitidus: 
Cf. 3.63. 3:4. 54. 8. — vagaris: i.e. 
in the porticoes, the fora, and the 
Campus Martius, as a man of 
leisure can. In 7 and 9 some more 
general verb (eo) is needed. 


7. contumax capillis: cozzz- 
max is a transferred epithet; it 
prop. belongs with cagz//z, ‘I with 
my stubborn Spanish locks ’.. 

8. dropace: for depilation cf. 
2. 29. 6 N. ; 3. 74. 1 pstlothro faciem 
Jevas et dropace calvam. 

9. cruribus: cf. Iuv. 8. 114- 
II5guzdresinata tuventuscruraque 
Totius facient tibi levia gentis? 

10. os blaesum: cf. 5. 34. 8. 
Charmenion's lisping was probably 
an affectation. 

ir. filia . . . loquetur: ‘my 
daughter (should I have one) will’, 
etc. See $ 15; Gilbert Q.C. 15. 
See also App. 

12. aquilae columba: the king 
of birds is contrasted with one of 
the weakest of birds; cf. Hor. C. 
4. 4. 31-32 neque imbellem feroces 
progenerant aquilae. columbam ; 
German Adler órüten keine 
Schwichlinge. 

6. On a cook whose beauty 
fitted him for a higher place. Cf. 
12. 64. — Meter: § 48. 


264 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


66 


[10. 66. 1 


Quis, rogo, tam durus, quis tam fuit ille superbus, 
qui iussit fieri te, Theopompe, cocum ? 

Hanc aliquis faciem nigra violare culina 
sustinet, has uncto polluit igne comas ? 


5 


Quis potius cyathos aut quis crystalla tenebit ? 


qua sapient melius mixta Falerna manu? 
Si tam sidereos manet exitus iste ministros, 
Iuppiter utatur iam Ganymede coco. 


72 


Frustra, Blanditiae, venitis ad me 
adtritis miserabiles labellis : 


r, durus, rugged, boorish, blind 
to physical graces.—superbus, 
arrogant, perhaps in slighting 
beauty wholly, perhaps rather in 
decreeing that his very cooks must 
be beautiful, expensive slaves. 

3-4. nigra... culina: cf. 3. 2. 
3. — violare: cf. 1. 53. 6. — violare 

. . sustinet: for the constr. cf. 
Iuv. 14. 127-128 neque enim omnia 
sustinet (‘brings himself to’) . 
fanis consumere frusta. — uncto, 
greasy, sooty with grease. 

5-6. cyathos: see 1.27.2; 8. 
so. 21. — crystalla: see 9. 22. 7. — 
tenebit: i.e. as cup-bearer. — qua 

. manu: with mixta. Even the 
best wine can be improved by 
right handling. — Falerna: see 4. 
69. 1; 8. 55. 14. 

7. sidereos, Jdeautiful, excel- 
lent, superlative ; cf. 9. 36. 10 fazta- 
que sidereos vix capit aula mares; 
Hor. C. 3. 9. 21-22 sidere pulchrior 
ile est; and the name Asterie (e.g. 
in Hor. C. 3. 7). — exitus = eventus, 
fate, lot. —iste: contemptuous. 

8. utatur: hortatory, ‘let Jupi- 
terforthwith use’, etc. The thought 
is, ‘if you with your beauty are to 


be but a cook, Jupiter ought to 
degrade Ganymedes to a like posi- 
tion’, Le. ‘you are as worthy to be 
cup-bearer as is Ganymedes himself". 

72. While asserting that the 
flattery which was expected by 
Domitian and hence was fashion- 
able under him is not in place 
under the present régime, M. actu- 
aly flatters the new emperor 
(Rader). If this epigram was a 
part of the first edition of Book X, 
Nerva is the emperor referred to 
(Stobbe Phil. 27. 637); if it was 
written for the second edition of 
the book, Trajan is meant (Momm- 
sen Herm. 3.121; Fried., Einleitung, 
64). Nerva died in January 98. — 
Meter: § 49. 

1. Frustra: Van Stockum, 37- 
38, holds that Book X was written 
in the year in which Nerva suc- 
ceeded Domitian, and sees then in 
1-4 one of the chief reasons that 
influenced M. to leave Rome, i.e. 
the realization that his occupation 
was gone. But see § 14. 

2. adtritis: freely, shameless, 
debased'; prop. ‘worn’, i.e. by kiss- 
ing the throne or the feet of the 


10. 74. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


265 


dicturus dominum deumque non sum. 
Iam non est locus hac in urbe vobis ; 
s ad Parthos procul ite pilleatos 
et turpes humilesque supplicesque 
pictorum sola basiate regum. 
Non est hic dominus, sed imperator, 
sed iustissimus omnium senator, 
10 per quem de Stygia domo reducta est 
siccis rustica Veritas capillis. 
Hoc sub principe, si sapis, caveto 
verbis, Roma, prioribus loquaris. 


Iam parce lasso, Roma, gratulatori, 


Jasso clienti: 


monarch after the Oriental fashion 
(cf. 5-7). Still,in8. 59. 2 subadtrita 
fronte; 11. 27.7 cum perfricuit fron- 
lem posuitgue pudorem; luv. 13. 
241-242 quando recepit eiectum 
semel adtrita de fronte ruborem ? 
the thought seems to be of a face 
(forehead) rubbed so smooth that 
it cannot show shame (that shame 
will not cling to it, so to say). 

3. dominum deumque: see 
5.8.1N. 

4. For the dizresis at every 
foot see $ 49, d. 

5. pilleatos, Zazted, in marked 
contrast to the Roman, who ordi- 
narily wore no hat. 

7. pictorum: a derisive term, 
used of Oriental kings as attired in 
gaudy splendor (parti-colored or 
embroidered garments, gold, and 
jewels); we might say ‘embroid- 


ered'. — sola: sc. Pedum. 
8-9. Non... dominus: see on 
5.8. 1. —sed ... sed: for double 


or triple sed or af thus used cf. 


quamdiu salutator 


Hor. 8.1. 3. 32-33; Ov. M. 5. 17- 
18; 507-508. So occasionally in 
English we find repeated ‘but’. 

10, per quem: ie. who by 
his actions as a senator made men 
believe that Veritas had actually 
returned to earth.— de Stygia 
domo: truth had perished from 
theearth, and was with the dead, 
beyond the Styx in Orcus. 

II. SiCCis . . . capillis: ie. 
Truth with all the simple, rugged 
virtues of the country. scs... 
capillis prop. = ‘with locks not 
drenched by perfumes’; the per- 
fumes stand for the excesses of 
the town (see on 2.95. 5; 3.63. 4; 
3. 12. I). 

12-13. caveto . . . loquaris: 
for the syntax see d: 450; 565, 
N. 1; GL. 548, N. 3; L. 1711. 

74- Another wailfrom the long- 
suffering client. — Meter: § 52. 

1, gratulatori = salutator7; cf. 


= 2. quamdiu, how much longer. 


266 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 74. 3 


anteambulones et togatulos inter 
centum merebor plumbeos die toto, 
5 cum Scorpus una quindecim graves hora 
ferventis auri victor auferat saccos ? 
Non ego meorum. praemium libellorum 
— quid enim merentur ? — Apulos velim campos ; 
non Hybla, non me spicifer capit Nilus, 
10 nec quae paludes delicata Pomptinas 
ex arce clivi spectat uva Setini. 
Quid concupiscam quaeris ergo? dormire. 


3. anteambulones: cf. 2. 18. 
5 N.; 10. I0. 8$. — togatulos: note 
the dim.; cf. the noun /egu/a in 
4. 26. 4; 11. 24. 10-11 wt Zibi fuorum 
sit maior uumerus togatulorum. — 
inter: for the postposition see on 
8. 50. 18. 

4. centum . . . plumbeos 
(zummos): for the daily dole cf. 
3. 7. Y N. Plumbeus is prop. used 
of leaden (i.e. counterfeit) coins; 
then it is used of anything mean 
and worthless; cf. 6. 55. 3 N.; Petr. 
43 zn manu illius plumbum aurum 
fiebat. M. in his bitterness de- 
nounces the dole not only as pal- 
try, but as paid in counterfeit coins. 
Plumbeos, then, is contrasted with 
aurt, ‘pure gold’, 6. 

5-6. ‘Compare by contrast the 
enormous gains of Scorpus, the 
successful auriga’. See 10. 50; ro. 
53.— cum: either szzce or although 
fits the context. —una .. . hora: 
ie.as the result of a single race 
in the circus. — quindecim . .. 
saccos: ie. bags or purses of 
money; quindecim seems to be 
used indefinitely; cf. 11. 6. 12-13 
bibenti succurrent mihi quindecim 
poetae. Forthegains of charioteers 
cf. e.g. Iuv. 7. 113-114 sz Zibet, hinc 
centum patrimonia causidicorum, 
parte alia solum (‘estate’) russati 


pone Lacertae.—ferventis, re- 
splendent, shining, as if fresh from 
the mint. See App. 

7-8. Non... velim: ‘I would 
not crave (ask for)’; sc. sz guzs me 
roget quid velim. — Apulos... 
campos: the plains of northern 
Apulia afforded excellent pastur- 
age in winter and spring, when the 
wind called Atabulus did not blow; 
on great estates in Apulia the very 
finest wool was produced; cf. e.g. 
2. 46.6; 8. 28. 3. 

9. Hybla: cf. 5. 39. 3 N.; 7. 88. 
8. — spicifer... Nilus: see 1.61. 
5 N.; 6.80.10. Egypt was one of 
the main sources of the grain sup- 
ply of Rome.— capit, captrvates, 
charms, with visions of wealth. 

IO-II. quae: the antec. is zz, 
Ir.— delicata: because Setian 
wine was the very finest (see on 
4. 64. 341 4. 69. 1). — ex arce clivi 
... Setini: cf. Pendulam Setiam, 
4. 64. 33 N. —uva = vinea. 

12. dormire: almostas difficult 
as money for the client to secure, 
on account of the early hour of the 
salutatio. Cf. 12. 57 passim; 12. 68. 
5-6 otia me sommusque iuvant, 
quae magna negavit Roma mihi. 
The poor in general found it hard 
to sleep in Rome, since they had 
to live near the busy quarters; 


10. 76. 9] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


267 


76 


Hoc, Fortuna, tibi videtur aequum ? 
civis non Syriaeve Parthiaeve 

nec de Cappadocis eques catastis, 
sed de plebe Remi Numaeque verna, 


iucundus, probus, 


innocens amicus, 


lingua doctus utraque, cuius unum est 
sed magnum vitium, quod est poeta, 
pullo Maevius alget in cucullo, 

cocco mulio fulget Incitatus. 


See e.g. I2. 57; I2. 68; Iuv. 3. 232- 
238. 

76. ‘The slave muleteer is re- 
splendent in scarlet, while the poor 
poet, free-born Roman though he 
is, freezes inan ugly paenula’. Cf. 
1. 76; Iuv. 7. — Meter: $ 49. 

2. non . Parthiae: ie. no 
despised Oriental; see Lib. Spect. 
I. I N.; 2. 29. Introd. ; 10. 27; 
Fried. SG. r. 229-233. — Syriae: 
here prob. used in its wider sense, 
to embrace all the region between 
the Mediterranean and the Tigris. 
The literature of the time abounds 
in references to Syrian slaves; 
many of them, when freed, became 
rich; indeed some of them were the 


richest men in the Empire. Cf. 
2. 29. Introd. 
3. de... eques catastis: i.e. 


now a knight, but once a slave of 
the poorest sort (see on 9. 59. 4-6) ; 
cf. Tib. 2. 3. 59-60 regnum iste tenet 
quem saepe coegit barbara gypsatos 
ferre catasta pedes. 

4. de... verna: i.e. a knight 
of the people of Remus, true son 
of Numa; sc. egues with de plebe 
Remit, For verna see on 1.41.2. 
M., emphasizing one part of its 
true force, takes it as (veras) 
fius, — plebe Remi: cf. Iuv. 10. 


73 turba Remi. — Numae: see Io. 
IO. 4 N. 

5. innocens: ie. not malignus. 

6. lingua... utraque: a com- 
mon expression for Greek and 
Latin, as if all other languages 
were unworthy of consideration; 
cf. e.g. Hor. C. 3. 8. 5 docte ser- 
mones (literature, ‘lore’) utriusque 
linguae; Stat. Silv. 5. 3.90 gemina 
plangat Facundia lingua. — doc- 
tus: see I. 6r. I N.; 8. 735.8. 

8. pullo... cucullo: the hood 
of the ugly 2aezzula(or of alacerna); 
see I. 53. 5 N. — Maevius: this 
name, prop. that of an enemy of 
Vergil (cf. Serv. on Verg. E. 3. go 
Maevius et Bavius pessimi fuerunt 
poétae, inimici tam Horatio quam 
Vergilio), became proverbial for a 
poetaster. Here, as in eius... 
poeta, 6-7, M. is humorously giv- 
ing the world's view of poets, in- 
cluding himself. — alget: for the 
language cf. Iuv. 1. 74 probitas 
laudatur et alget. On literature as 
a means of support see r. 76; 6. 8. 
2; 10. 74. 4-5; Fried. SG. 3. 429. 

9. Cocco: see 2. 29.8 N. — mu- 
lio: if Zucztatusis the right reading, 
mulio prob. = muleteer; Zncitatus 
thenisa slave name, possibly given 
kar dvrlppacw (see on 7. 83. 1), 


268 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 83. 1 


83 


Raros colligis hinc et hinc capillos 
et latum nitidae, Marine, calvae 
campum temporibus tegis comatis, 
sed moti redeunt iubente vento 

5 reddunturque sibi caputque nudum 
cirris grandibus hinc et inde cingunt : 
inter Spendophorum Telesphorumque 
Cydae stare putabis Hermerotem. 
Vis tu simplicius senem fateri, 

to ut tandem videaris unus esse? 
calvo turpius est nihil comato. 


because he was so slow. But since 
Incitatus was the name ofa favorite 
race-horse (Suet. Cal. 55), mulo 
/ncitati, a conjecture of P. Faber, 
should perhaps be read; zu/zethen 
= auriga, agitator. 

83. Ona bald-headed man who 
brushed his hair from the sides of 
his head, so as to cover as far as 
possible the exposed parts. Cf. 
5. 49, with notes. — Meter: § 49. 

1. hinc et hinc: see 4. 14. 8 N. 

2-3: latum ... campum: cf. 
5. 49. 3, 6-7; 6. 57. 2. — nitidae: 
cf. 4. 54. 8. — temporibus ... co- 
matis: instr. abl, a grotesquely 
humorous way of saying that Ma- 
rinus combs the hair back from 
the temples. 

4. redeunt: i.e. to their proper 
place, the temples. 

7-8. inter... Hermerotem: 
ie.one will surely think that a bald 
head is flanked by two heads which 
nature has favored with plenty of 
hair. Cf. 5. 49. 1-7. Some see a 
reference to three statuettes, but the 
vss. have more point if three living 
men are referred to. — Cydae... 
Hermerotem: prob. best taken 
as = ‘Hermeros, slave (freedman, 


son) of Cydas’, whose baldness 
was well known at Rome (Fried.). 
For the expression cf. Verg. A. 
1. 41 Aiacis Olei; 6. 36 Deiphobe 
Glauci; Plin. Ep. 6. 16. 8 Rectinae 
Tusci (‘Rectina, wife of Tascus’); 
Ter. And. 3$7 Auius Byrriam (a 
slave); the Didascalia to Ter. And. 
modos fecit Flaccus Claudi, ‘the 
music was composed by Flaccus, 
slave of Claudius’. The gen. is pos- 
sessive ; there is no ellipsis. 

9. Vis tu... fateri: for this 
use of vis or vis fu with inf. to 
express an urgent command or: 
exhortation cf. Hor. S.2.6.92, with 
Bentleys note; Petr. 111 vis /u 
reviviscere? vis discusso muliebri 
errore, quam diu licuerit, lucis com- 
modis frui? luw. 5. 74-75 vis fu 
consuetis, audax conviva, canistris 
impleri panisque tui novisse colo- 
rem? Cic. Fam. 4. 5. 4 visne tu te, 
Servi, cohibere et meminisse homi- 
nem te esse natum ? — simplicius 
— both more naturally and more 
Srankly (see on nivea simplicitate, 
8.73. 2). 

ir. calvo . . . comato, a dald- 
headed man with luxurious hair. 
Cf. 1.72. 8 N. 


10. 94. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


269 


Iuno labor, Polyclite, tuus et gloria felix, 
Phidiacae cuperent quam meruisse manus, 
ore nitet tanto, quanto superasset in Ide 
iudice convictas non dubitante deas. 
5 Iunonem, Polyclite, suam nisi frater amaret, 
Iunonem poterat frater amare tuam. 


Non mea Massylus servat pomaria serpens 
regius Alcinoi nec mihi servit ager, 


89. On the Juno of Polyclitus. 
For Polyclitus see 8. 50. 2 N.; cf. 
luv. 8. 103-104 PAidiacum vivebat 
ebur,nec non Polycliti multus ubique 
labor. — Meter: § 48. 

1. labor: cf. 8. 50.1 N.; Luv. 8. 
104, cited in Introd. — labor... 
felix : cf. 8. 53.13 unde tuis, Libye, 
tam felix gloria silvis ; 9.44.2 opus 
laborque felix. — tuüs: for the 
quantity see $ 54, a; cf. 7. 44. 1 
Maximus ille tuis, Ovidi, Caesonius 
hic est. 

2. Phidiacae .. . manus: i.e. 
which Phidias would be proud to 
have made.— manus: cf. 4. 39. 
3N. 

3-4. ore... deas: freely, ‘is 
resplendent with such marvelous 
beauty that the judge on Ida's 
slopes would have shown no hesi- 
tation and she would have sur- 
passed’, etc.; more literally, ‘with 
& beauty thanks to whose mar- 
velousness the judge', etc. M. de- 
clares Polyclitus's statue superior 
in beauty to Juno herself. Quanto 
supplants the protasis to superasset, 
and in sense = quantum si habuis- 
set (Zuno ipsa). — in Ide: Mt. Ida 
(Ide) in Asia Minor, the scene of 
the zudizum Paridis (Verg. A. 1. 
27).— superasset... deas: Le. 


would have surpassed not only the 
real Juno and Minerva, who both 
lost in the actual zudzezum Paridis, 
but also Venus, who won. — iudice 
-.. non dubitante: in the famous 
contest Paris hesitated long. — 
convictas: a strong word, used 
most frequently of convicting per- 
sons of crime or error or of refuting 
their claims; superasset ...com- 
victas — *would have refuted all 
their claims to beauty and have 
surpassed’. 

5. frater: Jupiter was brother 
and husband of Juno; see Verg. 
A. 1. 46-47. 

6. poterat: see on Poferas, I. 
3.12; cf. II. 3. 7. 

94. This epigram was appar- 
ently written to be sent with a 
present of fruit. — Meter: $ 48. 

1-2. ‘My fruits are not like 
those of the garden of the Hes- 
perides, or those which Alcinous 
set before Ulysses'. — Massylus 

. serpens: see 4. 64.2 N. For 
Massylus see 9. 22. 14 N.; here the 
word is used loosely; the Hesperi- 
des were generally located farther 
to the west, near Mt. Atlas. — 
Alcinoi...ager: see 4. 64. 29 N. 
Cf. Hom. Od. 7. 117 ff.; Iuv. 5. 
151-152 (goma) qualia perpetuus 


270 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[10. 94. 3 


sed Nomentana securus germinat hortus 
arbore nec furem plumbea mala timent. 
s Haec igitur media quae sunt modo nata Subura 
mittimus autumni cerea poma mei. 


Saepe loquar nimium gentes quod, Avite, remotas 
miraris, Latia factus in urbe senex, 

auriferumque Tagum sitiam patriumque Salonem 
et repetam saturae sordida rura casae. 


Phaeacum autumnus habebat, cre- 
dere quae fossis subrepta sororibus 
Afris; Verg. G. 2. 87 pomague et 
Alcinoi silvae; Ov. Am. 1. 10. 56 
praebeat. Alcinoi poma benignus 
ager. — servit: cf. 5.13. 7 N. 

3-4. Nomentana logically 
modifies £or£us rather than arbore. 
However, to put two adjectives 
with hortus and leave arbore un- 
modified would be inartistic, as 
destroying the balance of the sen- 
tence. Cf. e.g. Hor. C. i. 9. 7-8 
deprome quadrimum Sabina... 
merum diota.—securus: M.’s 
garden tempts no thieves; cf. 4; 
3. 58. 47 N. — plumbea: see on 6. 
55.3; I0. 74. 4. The apples of the 
Hesperides were aurea. 

5-6. ‘All I can do, therefore, is 
to send you some apples from—the 
Subura’.— media . . . Subura: 
M.’s apples are like ‘fish caught 
with a silver hook’, The markets 
of the Subura were convenient to 
M.’s house on the Quirinalis (cf. 5. 
22.5 N.). Cf. 7. 31. 9-12 guidquid 
vilicus Umber aut colonus aut rus 
marmore tertio notatum aut Tusci 
dbi Tusculive mittunt, id lota mihi 
nascitur Subura. For the phrase- 
ology cf. 12. 21. 5 zzul/a nec in media 
certabit nata Subura.— cerea, ripe, 
mellow-looking. For the color cf. 


3. 58. 19 N.; Verg. E. 2. 53 addam 
cerea. pruna. 

96. M. again voices his discon- 
tent with the conditions of life in 
Romeand longs forhis old Spanish . 
home. L. Stertinius Avitus was 
consul in 92, from the Kalends of 
May (Klein 50); see also 1. 16; 
§ 17; Fried. SG. 3. 443. 

r. loquar... quod involves 
indirect discourse; M. is quoting 
Avitus. For position of guod (*be- 
cause’) see on ze, Lib. Spect. 
I. 2. — gentes . . . remotas is 
explained by 3-4. For the acc. 
with /ogu7, ‘to speak of’, see on 
I. 61. 8. 

z. Latia... senex: see $14; 
cf. 10. 103. 7-8 quattuor accessit tri-» 
cesima messibus aestas .. . moenia 
dum colimus dominae pulcherrima 
Komae; 10. 104. 9-10; 12. 34. I. 

3. auriferum . . . Tagum: cf. 
7. 88. 7 N.; Stat. Silv. 1. 3. 108 Zio 
splendente Tagus.— sitiam is to 
be taken partly in its literal, partly 
in its figurative sense; chirst after 
gives both senses. 

4. repetam: ‘I am ever revis- 
iting, in imagination and hope of 
retum’.—saturae .. . casae: 
farms and houses are poor, but 
plenty reigns in them, Fried. re- 
marks on 1. 49. 28 that M. often 


IO. 96. 14] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


271 


s Illa placet tellus, in qua res parva beatum 
me facit et tenues luxuriantur opes : 
pascitur hic, ibi pascit ager; tepet igne maligno 
hic focus, ingenti lumine lucet ibi ; 
hic pretiosa fames conturbatorque macellus, 
10 mensa ibi divitiis ruris operta sui ; 
quattuor hic aestate togae pluresve teruntur, 


autumnis ibi me quattuor una tegit. 


- 


I, cole nunc reges, quidquid non praestat amicus 
cum praestare tibi possit, Avite, locus. 


uses sordidus of outdoor objects 
without meaning to ridicule them 
(see also on 3. 58. 12). The word 
then means merely Alain, simple; 
city throngs and things are zzZzga. 

5. tellus: poetic for vegzo or 
terra. Van Stockum sees here one 
of M.’s two chief reasons for leav- 
ing Rome. For the other see 1o. 
72.1 N.— res: see 10. 47. 3 N. — 
parva beatum: effective juxta- 
position. For Zeatuz see I. 103. 
3N. 

6. tenues . . . opes: ie. per- 
sons of small means (metonymy). 
Tenuis is often used as the op- 
posite of dives, locuples; cf. Cic. 
Invent. 1. 25. 35 servus sit an liber, 
pecuniosus an tenuis; Hor. Ep. 1. 
20.20 me libertino natum patre et 
in tenui re. 

7. pascitur hic: cf. ro. 58. 9 N. 
—tepet: freely, zs ‘scarcely made 
warm, — maligno, spiteful, ie. 
‘niggardly’, ‘scanty’. ‘Fuel is so 
dear I cannot get sufficient to keep 
warm’. Cf. Verg. A. 6. 270 per zn- 
certam lunam sub luce maligna. 

8. focus: see on 2. 90. 7; 3. 58. 
22.— ingenti... ibi:-cf. 1. 49. 27 
(said of Spain) vzeima in ipsum 
sva descendet focum; 3. 58. 23 
larga festos lucet ad lares silva 
(said of Baiae). 


9. pretiosa fames: in Rome it 
is costly to starve to death! Cf. 
Iuv. 3. 166-167 (Romae) magno 
hospitium miserabile (constat), 
magno servorum ventres et frugi 
cenula magno. — conturbator... 
macellus: the market bankrupts 
men; cf. 7.27. 10 conturbator aper 
rationem (ratzones) conturbare, ‘to 
become bankrupt’. Cozturbator is 
effective ; nouns in -/or commonly 
suggest the repeated performance 
of an act; conturbator ...macellus 
thus= macellus qui rationes contur- 
bare solet. — macellus: this masc. 
form is very rare; here, probably, 
it is due to attraction to the gender 
of conturbator. 

10. operta, buried. 

11-12. With these vss. cf. note 
on Zaga rara, 10. 47. 5; 4. 66. 3-4 
(of the country) /dtbus et raris 
togula est excussa. Kalendis duxit 
et aestates synthesis una decem. — 
autumnis .. . quattuor: for the 
constr. see on 2, 5. I. 

13-14. I... nunc: distinctly 
scornful; see on I. 3. 12. — reges: 
see I. I03. 3 N.; 2. 18. 5; 3. 7. 5. 
There is a contrast between this 
scornful reges and locus, 14;. ‘in 
Spain a place (the very ground) 
gives you what in Rome patrons (I) 
deny ’.— praestat: cf. 3. 46. 11. 


272 


IO 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


104 

I nostro comes, i, libelle, Flavo 
longum per mare, sed faventis undae, 
et cursu facili tuisque ventis 

Hispanae pete Tarraconis arces : 

illinc te rota tollet et citatus 

altam Bilbilin et tuum Salonem 
quinto forsitan essedo videbis. 

Quid mandem tibi quaeris ? ut sodales 
paucos, sed veteres et ante brumas 
triginta mihi quattuorque visos 

ipsa protinus a via salutes 

et nostrum admoneas subinde Flavum, 
iucundos mihi nec laboriosos 

secessus pretio paret salubri, 


[10. 104. 1 


IO4. By Flavus, who is about 
to return to Spain, M. sends one 
or more copies of his book to his 
old home friends. See § 14.— 
Meter: § 49. 

2. longum per mare: Flavus 
prob. sailed from Ostia to Tarraco. 
— sed ... undae is in effect a 
prayer for safe arrival; the gen. is 
one of characteristic. 

3. tuis: ie. favorable, auspi- 
cious; cf. Io. 20. 19; 10. 20. 12 Zem- 
pore non tuo. 

4. arces, heights. Tarraco lay 
about 750 féet above sea level. Cf. 
Aus. Clar. Urb. 84 arce potens Tar- 
raco. 

6. altam Bilbilin: see 1. 61. 
II-12 N.; IO. I3. 1-2; § 2. — Sa- 
lonem: see 1. 49. 12; I0. 13. 1; $2. 

7. quinto... essedo: i.e. after 
five days’ journey, whether M. is 
thinking of a single car harnessed 
five times, or means that a new 
essedum will be hired daily; after 


* 


five stages will preserve the am- 
biguity. — essedo: see 4.64. 19 N. 
— forsitan: ie. if good time is 
made; for forsitan with ind. see 
on 8. 32. 7-8. 

9-10. ante brumas ... visos: 
see on 10. 96. 2; Zrzeinta. .. brumis 
ante visos would be the usual ex- 
pression ; see L. 1394. — brumas: 
see 3. 58. 8 N.; 5. 34. 5. 

ir. ipsa... a via: ie. without 
delay; cf. the familiar ex zmere 
oppugnare (adgredi), e.g. in Caes. 
B.G. 1.25.6; 2.6.1; 2.12.2; 3. 
21.2. 


12-14. admoneas . .. paret: 
for constr. see on 5. 56. 4. 
14. secessus: prop. ‘retire- 


ment’, but here place of retirement, 
retreat; cf. luv. 3. 4-5 zanua Dara- 
rum est (Cumae) et gratum litus 
amoeni secessus; Plin. Ep. 1. 3. 3; 
and often; Ov. Tr. 1. 1. 41 car 
mina secessum scribentis et otia 
quaerunt, — salubri, healthful, i.e. 


IO. 104. 19] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


273 


15 qui pigrum faciant tuum parentem. 
Haec sunt. Iam tumidus vocat magister 
castigatque moras, et aura portum 
laxavit melior: vale, libelle: 
navem, scis, puto, non moratur unus. 


moderate, reasonable; cf. Plin. Ep. 
6. 30. 3 attendimus ergo ut quam 
saluberrime reficiantur; 1. 24. 4 
praediolum istud quod ...tam salu- 
briter emerit. 

15. pigrum: i.e. able to indulge 
in repose because freed from the 
exactions of a client's life; cf. 12. 
18. 10. — parentem: the ZjeZus 
(1) is M.’s offspring; cf. Ov. Tr. 
1.7.35 orba parente suo... volu- 
mina; Pont. 4. 5.29 quidque pa- 
rens ego Uester agam. 

16. Haec sunt: sc. guae tibi 
mando (cf. 8).— tumidus, zzpe- 
riows.— magister: sc. avis; so 


often. Cf. e.g. Verg. A. 5. 176 ipse 
gubernaculo rector subit, ipse ma- 
gister; I. 115. 

17-18. portum ... laxavit: i.e. 
has made the harbor (seem) more 
spacious by allowing ships to sail. 
The tense implies that Flavus’s 
vessel is already late in getting 
under way. 

I9. navem . . . non moratur 
unus: cf. ‘time and tide wait for no 
man'. — scis puto: this parenthet- 
ical use of sczo comes from the 
sermo familiaris; cf. 12. 88. 1 7on- 
gilianus kabet nasum, scio, non ego. 


See Soed. 28. 


* 


LIBER XI 


Non urbana mea tantum Pimpleide gaudent 
otia nec vacuis auribus ista damus, 
sed meus in Geticis ad Martia signa pruinis 
a rigido teritur centurione liber 
s dicitur et nostros cantare Britannia versus. 
Quid prodest? Nescit sacculus ista meus. 
At quam victuras poteramus pangere chartas 
quantaque Pieria proelia flare tuba, 
cum pia reddiderint Augustum numina terris, 
10 et Maecenatem si tibi, Roma, darent! 


3- M.’s excuse for not being a 
greater literary light. Cf. 1. 107; 
8. 3; 8. 55. — Meter: $ 48. 

1-2, Non urbana ... otia: ie. 
not only the leisure class in Rome. 
— otia: abstract for concrete (me- 
tonymy); see I. 107. 3 N. — Pim- 
pleide = 775a; Pimplea (Pimpla) 
was a fountain sacred to the 
Muses. — ista: as in 1. 70. 18; 4. 
49. 10. 

3. in Geticis. . . pruinis: in 
the camps on the northern fron- 
tiers of the empire. For Getzezs 
2. pruinis cf. luv. s. 50 (agua) 
Jrigidior Geticis petitur decocta pru- 
inis. On the early dissemination 
of Latin literature see on I. 1. 2; 
7. 88.2; Beck. 2. 454; Marq. 827- 
828. 

4. a rigido . . . centurione: 
*even rough centurions, chosen 
primarily for brute strength, thumb 


my epigrams'. — teritur: cf. 8. 
3. 4. 

5. Britannia stands for the 
western frontiers of semi-civiliza- 
tion, as the land of the Getae (3) 
stands for the eastern. 

6. sacculus: see 5. 39. 7N.;, 
the dim. is grimly humorous. 

7. quam: with vrcturas ; freely, 
what immortal; cf. 1. 25.7; 10.2. 
II.— poteramus : see on 7oferas, 
I. 3. 12; cf. 10. 89. 6. 

8. quanta...tuba: M. inti- 
mates that he might have competed 
successfully with the great repre- 
sentatives of the epos, had con- 
temporary patronage matched the 
patronage of Vergil's days. — Pi- 
eria ...tuba: cf. 10. 64. 4 Pieria 
caneret cum Sera bella tuba; 8. 3. 14, 
nos notes. 

9. cum... reddiderint, seeing 
that (since) they have, etc. The 


. 0274 


11. 5. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


5 


275 


Tanta tibi' est recti reverentia, Caesar, et aequi 
quanta Numae fuerat: sed Numa pauper erat. 

Ardua res haec est, opibus non tradere mores 
et, cum tot Croesos viceris, esse Numam. 

5 Si redeant veteres, ingentia nomina, patres, 

Elysium liceat si vacuare nemus, 

te colet invictus pro libertate Camillus, 
aurum Fabricius, te tribuente, volet, 


clause gives the reason why M. 
utters the regret expressed in 1o. 
—reddiderint Augustum: ie. 
have restored Augustus to us in 
the person of Nerva. Augustus 
was a patron of literature, perhaps 
at the suggestion of Maecenas. 

10. et, also. — Maecenatem: 
see on 8. 56; 1. 107. 4. 

5. Atribute to the uprightness 
of the emperor Nerva.— Meter: 
$48. 

I. recti reverentia: cf. Luc. 9. 
192 cui non ulla fuit iusti reverentia. 

2. Numae: revered as founder 
of the religion of the state; see Io. 
IO. 4 N.; IO. 76. 4. Numa's type of 
morality was, according to Juve- 
nal, at this time virtually extinct ; 
cf. luv. 3. 137-141 da testem Komae 
tam sanctum quam fuit hospes nu- 
minis Idaei, procedat vel Numa vel 
qui servavit trepidam flagranti ex 
aede Minervam ; protinus ad cen- 
sum, de moribus ultima fiet quaestio. 
— pauper: i.e. free from the temp- 
tationsinseparable from wealth and 
luxury. 

3. opibus... mores: i.e. not 
to sacrifice character to (ie. to 
amass) wealth. The vs. has an 
aphoristic ring; cf. Sen. Vit. Beat. 
26. 1 divitiae enim apud sapientem 
virum in servitute sunt, apud stul- 
tum in imperio. 


4. Croesos: see 5. 39. 8 N. 

5. veteres . . . patres: the 
worthies of the past who made 
Rome great. 

6. Elysium . . . nemus: for 
the delights of Elysium see e.g. 7. 
40. 4 Elysium possidet ambo nemus; 
Verg. A. 6. 673-675 nulli certa 
domus; lucis habitamus opacis ripa- 
rumque toros et prata recentia rivis 
incolimus. —liceat: sc. ezs = vete- 
ribus patribus. 

7. te colet: the fut. ind., 
with its prophetic tone, is very 
effective after s... redeant . . . 
“iceat st, 5-6. — invictus pro liber- 
tate, undaunted champion of liberty. 
Tradition said that when the Gauls 
had got possession of all Rome 
save the Capitol, 390 B.c., Camillus 
forgot his private wrongs, accepted 
appointment as dictator, collected 
an army, and defeated the Gauls. 
Again in 367 B.c. he forced the in- 
vading Gauls to retire. He long 
held place with Curius Dentatus, 
the Decii, and Fabricius as a na- 
tional hero; cf. e.g. Hor. C. 1. 12. 
39-44- 

8. aurum . . . volet: ie. he 
will not spurn it as he did when 
Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, tried to 
bribe him with an offer of money, 
or when the Samnite ambassadors 
offeredhimalargesum (Gell. 1. 14). 


F 


276 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 5.9 


te duce gaudebit Brutus, tibi Sulla cruentus 
10 imperium tradet, cum positurus erit, 
et te privato cum Caesare Magnus amabit 
donabit totas et tibi Crassus opes. 
Ipse quoque infernis revocatus Ditis ab umbris 
si Cato reddatur, Caesarianus erit. 


Quisquis Flaminiam teris, viator, 
noli nobile praeterire marmor : 


— te tribuente: i.e. ‘such is your 
reputation for honor that Fabricius 
would feel certain that an offer of 
gold from you could not bea bribe’. 
Cf. Claud. Panegyr. Manl. Theod. 
Cos. 163-165 zunc Brutus amaret 
vivere sub regno, tala succumberet 
aulae Fabricius, cuperent ipsi ser- 
vire Catones. 

9. te... Brutus: i.e. ‘Brutus, 
who helped to expel Tarquin, will 
(would) welcome your leadership’. 
— Sulla cruentus: Sulla’s merci- 
less proscription of the defeated 
Marians long made his name syn- 
onymous with cruelty. Cf. Sen. 
Suas. 6. 3 civilis sanguinis Sullana 
sitis in civitatem redit. 

10. imperium: his dictator- 
ship. — positurus = Zefoszturus. 
In 79 B.c. Sulla unexpectedly re- 
signed his dictatorship and retired 
to private life. M. accommodates 
the mood and tense of fositurus 
erit to those of tradet (see on fe 
colet, 7). 

II-I2. et te... Opes: ie. ‘all 
the men composing the so-called 
First Triumvirate — Julius Caesar, 
Pompey the Great, and Crassus — 
will (would) lay aside their personal 
ambitions, and as private citizens 
give you their warm esteem’. — 
amabit: i.e. ‘will love you, though 
they hated and fought each other’. 


—totas... opes: ie. ‘for you 
Crassus will impoverish himself'. 
Crassus was known as Dives, be- 
cause of his enormous wealth; to 
that wealth he owed his place in 
the Triumvirate. 

13. infernis... umbris: cf. 
4-16. 5 magnusabinfernisrevocetur 
Tullius umbris. 

14. si... reddatur . . . erit: 
for moods see on Ze colet, 7.— 
Cato: see I. 42. 4 N. — Caesari- 
anus: ie. a supporter of Nerva ; 
Cato killed himself to escape the 
rule of Julius Caesar. 

I3. An epigraphic epigram 
(88 22; 26-27), written as if for the 
tomb of Paris, the very popular 
pantomime of Domitian's time, put 
to death by Domitian because of 
a liaison, supposed or real, with 
the empress Domitia. He is not 
to be confounded with the Paris 
who was put to death by Nero. 
Paris was probably merely his 
stage-name ; actors often assumed 
the names of distinguished prede- 
cessors. On tombs along the vzae 
see 1. 88. Introd. — Meter: $ 49. 

ri, Flaminiam: on the Via Fla- 
minia see 3. 14. 4 N.; 4. 64. 18. The 
Mausoleum Augusti was quite 
near this road, between it and the 
Tiber; the tombs began imme- 
diately outside the Servian Wall 


* 


11. 18. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


277 


urbis deliciae salesque Nili, 
ars et gratia, lusus et voluptas, 
5 Romani decus et dolor theatri 
atque omnes Veneres Cupidinesque 
hoc sunt condita, quo Paris, sepulcro. 


18 


Donasti, Lupe, rus sub urbe nobis, 
sed rus est mihi maius in fenestra. 
Rus hoc dicere, rus potes vocare? 
in quo ruta facit nemus Dianae, 


at the very foot of the Capitoline. 
— teris: cf. 2. 11. 2; IO. IO. 2. — 
viator: for such addresses see on 
6. 28. 10. 

3. deliciae: cf. 1. 109. 5 N.; 7. 
88.2; 10. 53. 2. —sales... Nili: 
for sales cf. 1. 41. 16 N.; 3.99. 3; 7- 
25.3. Paris would seem to have 
been born in Egypt. The Alexan- 
drians were especial noted for 
obscene witticisms ; cf. 1. 6I. 5 N.; 
3- 63. 5; 4- 42. 3-4; Quint. 1. 2. 7. 

5. dolor: see on 6.63. 7. 

6. Veneres Cupidinesque: 
see 9. 11. 9. The Latin poets used 
the pl. of Amor, Cupido, in part at 
least because Greek writers had 
pluralized “Epws. Cf. Ov. F. 4. 1 
geminorum mater Amorum; Hor. 
C. 1. 19. 1 mater saeva Cupidinum. 
For the pl Veneres see Ellis on 
Catull. 3. 1. 

7. condita: for the gender see 
A. 287. 3, 4; GL. 286. 1. The pl. is 
due to the long array of subjects. 
— With 3-7 cf. the epitaph of Plau- 
tus, given in Gell. 1.24. 3: postguam 
est mortem aptus Plautus, Comoedia 
luget, scaena est deserta, dein risus, 
ludus, iocusque et numeri innumeri 
simul omnes conlacrimarunt. 

18. On a farm that was not 
worth as much as a good lunch- 


eon. The epigram may well be a 
jest, based on a Greek original 
(Brandt 31; Spiegel 2. 30). — 
Meter: § 49. 

I. TUS: see I. I2. 3; the hyper- 
bole throughout suggests that this 
rus is purely imaginary. It is not 
easy to referit tothe Nomentanum 
(see § 10; note on 8. 61.6; 9.97. 7; 
9. 18. 2; 10. 58. 9), as Van Stockum, 
84, and others refer it.—sub 
urbe: the rus is a suburbanum. 

2. rus... in fenestra: i.e. in 
the potted plants on the window- 
ledge of histown residence; cf. Plin. 
N. H. 19. 59 zam zn fenestris suis 
plebsurbana imagiue hortorum coti- 
diana oculis rura praebebant ante- 
quam praefgi prospectus omnes 
coegit multitudinis innumerae saeva 
latrocinatio. luv. 3.270, in speak- 
ing of rzmosa et curta vasa as falling 
fenestris, may have this custom in 
mind. 

4. ruta: for the rue as an em- 
blem of insignificance cf. Petr. 37 
quemvis ex istis .. . in rutae folium 
coniciel ; 58 mec sursum nec deor- 
sum non cresco,nisi dominum tuum 
in rutae folium coniecero; Luke 11. 
42 “Ye tithe mint and rue”. The 
hyperbole is intensified if we sup- 
pose that M. had in mind the grove 


278 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 18. 5 


5 argutae tegit ala quod cicadae, 
quod formica die comedit uno, 
clusae cui folium rosae corona est, 
in quo non magis invenitur herba 
quam Cosmi folium piperve crudum, 
10 in quo nec cucumis iacere rectus, 
nec serpens habitare tota possit. 
Urucam male pascit'hortus unam, 
consumpto moritur culix salicto, 
et talpa est mihi fossor atque arator. 
15 Non boletus hiare, non mariscae 
ridere aut violae patere possunt. 
Fines mus populatur et colono 
tamquam sus Calydonius timetur, 
et sublata volantis ungue Prognes 
20 in nido seges est hirundinino ; 


of Diana near Aricia (see 2. 19. 5 N.). 
On the worship of Diana among 
country folk see Preller-Jordan 1. 
312 ff. 

5. argutae: cf. 3. 58. I3 N.; 8. 
73. 7 N. — cicadae: see 10. 58. 3 N. 

7.clusae .. . est: ie. which 
could be surrounded (covered) by 
the leaf of a rose-bud that has not 
yet opened. For this sense of co- 
rona see on coronabunt, 10. 48. 11. 
It seems unnecessary to see in 
corona an unknown technical sense 
such as ‘parterre’ (Fried.; Gilbert). 

9. Cosmi folium: prob. a leaf 
of spikenard, from which was ex- 
tracted the famous zzguentum fo- 
datum or nardinum; see 9. 26. z 
N.; Marg. 783. Cf. 14. 146. 1 Hague 
caput Cosmi folio: cervical olebit. 
See App.— crudum: i.e. thegreen 
fruit, as distinct from the dried fruit 
that was imported. Pepper was an 
Oriental product. 


Io. nec... rectus: it must 
stand on end! Perhaps, however, 
M. is thinking of the vine rather 
than of the fruit. The runners of 
the cucumber tend to grow in 
straight lines; on this zs, however, 
they have to curve.—rectus, at 
full length (or, perhaps, straight). 

14. talpa... arator: ie. a ^ 
ground mole can do all the dig- 
ging and plowing of which the 
rus admits. 

rs. mariscae: see App. Cf. 7. 
285.7 

16. ridere: i.e. to split open, as 
the mouth opens when one laughs 
aloud. 

17-318. Fines . . . populatur: 
burlesque use of military language. 
— sus Calydonius: see 9. 48. 6 v. 

19-20. sublata . . . hirun- 
dinino: ‘my whole crop can be 
swept off by a swallow (whose 
flight will not be disturbed by the 


11. 42. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


279 


22 non est dimidio locus Priapo. 
Vix implet cocleam peracta messis 
et mustum nuce condimus picata. 
25  Errasti, Lupe, littera sed una, 
nam quo tempore praedium dedisti, 
mallem tu mihi prandium dedisses. 


Ignotos mihi cum voces trecentos, 
quare non veniam vocatus ad te 
miraris quererisque litigasque. 
Solus ceno, Fabulle, non libenter. 


Vivida cum poscas epigrammata, mortua ponis 
lemmata. Quid fieri, Caeciliane, potest ? 


effort) and stored within her nest’. 
— Prognes: see 4. 49. 5 N.; I. 70. 
Io N. (on Cyéeles). — seges: spe- 
cifically the grain crop. This crop 
is all straw and no wheat. 

22. Priapo: see 3. 58. 47 N. 

24. nuce: i.e. in a nutshell in- 
stead of in an amphora. The mz- 
stum was regularly racked off from 
the vat (dolium), where the grape 
juice had been allowed to ferment, 
into amphorae. — picata: the 
stopper of the amphora was often 
sealed with pitch; M. with extrava- 
gant humor hints that, if one takes 
such precautions with a nut as 
one takes with the amphora, one 
nut will securely hold all the wine 
grown on the rus. 

25. una, only one. 

27. mallem . . . dedisses: for 
mallem see A. 442, b; GL. 258 and 
N. 1; for dedisses see on vis mittam, 
I. I17. 2. The whole = zizam tu 
mihi...dedisses. — prandium: 
*when you gave me a field, I wish 


youhadgiven mea feed (P.and S.). 

35. M. objects to his loneli- 
ness amid a crowd of strange 
guests at a cena popularis (see 1. 
20; 3. 58. 42). — Meter: $ 49. 

I. cum, although. — voces: 
see I. 20. I N.; I. 43. I. — trecen- 
tos: cf. 1. 43. IEN.; 9. I9. 1 ; 11. 6S. 1. 

z. Vocatus ad te: see App. 

4. Solus: for the play on so/us 
cf. Cic. Off. 3.1.1 Publium Scipi- 
onem . . . dicere solitum. scripsit 
Cato... numquam se... minus 
solum (esse) quam cum solus esset. 

42. ‘No worthy poem is pos- 
sible withouta worthy theme’. The 
epigram shows that M. wrote in 
some sense “to order”. Cf. 5. 34. 
Introd. Perhaps 10.47 was written 
on a lemma propounded by his 
friend: guae beatiorem vitam fa- 
ciunt? — Meter: § 48. 

2. lemmata (Mjugara), themes. 
The word prop. denotes the mat- 
ter, substance of a sentence, as dis- 
tinct from its style, then ‘theme’ 


280 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 42. 3 


Mella iubes Hyblaea tibi vel Hymettia nasci 
et thyma Cecropiae Corsica ponis api! 


Orbus es et locuples et Bruto consule natus : 
esse tibi veras credis amicitias ? 

Sunt verae, sed quas iuvenis, quas pauper habebas : 
qui novus est, mortem diligit ille tuam. 


Silius haec magni celebrat monumenta Maronis, 


iugera facundi qui Ciceronis habet. 


5 


Heredem dominumque sui tumulive larisve 
non alium mallet nec Maro nec Cicero. 


in general; then, since the subject 
(e.g. of an epigram) is indicated 
by its title, it = ‘title’; cf. 14. 2. 
3-4 lemmata si quaeris cur sint 
adscripta, docebo: ut, si malueris, 
Jemmata sola legas; 10. 59. 1 con- 
sumpta est uno si lemmate pagina. 
— Quid fieri: see App. 

3. Mella... Hyblaea: see on 
5. 39. 3; 7. 88. 8; 9. 11. 3; 9. 26. 4; 
10. 74. 9. — Hymettia: see 5. 37. 
ION. 

4. et —et lamen. —thyma ... 
Corsica: see 9. 26. 4 N.— Cecro- 
piae, Attic; see 1. 25. 3 N.; Verg. 
G. 4. 270 Cecropium thymum. 

44. Another warning against 
the captatores. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Orbus: for attentions to 
orbi (orbae) see 1. 10; 2. 32. 5-6 
retinet nostrum. Laronia servum: 
respondes “Orba est, dives, anus, 
vidua" (i.e.*I dare not risk offend- 
ing her by trying to get your slave 
for you’); I. 49. 34 zmper:a vidua- 
rum; Sen. Ad Marc. 19. 2 zn civitate 
nostra plus gratiae orbitas confert 
quam eripit. — Bruto consule na- 
tus: i.e. very old; cf. 10. 39. 1 N. 


4. novus (sc. azzcus): i.e. *ac- 
quired since you became rich’. 

48. On the honor paid by 
Silius Italicus to the tomb of Ver- 
gil. Silius had secured and re- 
deemed from neglect the ground 
near Naples hallowed by Vergil’s 
tomb. See 4. 14. Introd.; 7. 63; 
II. 50. — Meter: § 48. 

1. celebrat . . . Maronis: cf. 
Plin. Ep. 3. 7. 8 multum ubique (i.e. 
in Silius's various villas) . . . zzzagz- 
num,quas non habebat modo verum 
etiam venerabatur, Vergilii ante 
omnes, cuius natalem religiosius 
quam suum celebrabat, Neapolt 
Maxime, 

. 2. iugera ...habet: which of 
Cicero’s numerous villas had come 
into the possession of Silius is 
not clear. De Rossi thinks, with 
reason, that an inscription found 
near Tusculum proves that it 
was the Tusculanum; Nissen and 
Schmidt argue for the Arpinum, 
Teuffel for the Cumanum. — iu- 
gera: see 1. 85. 2 N. 

4. non... Cicero: for Silius's 
devotion to Cicero see 7. 63. 5-6 N. 


11. 52. 10] 


52 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


281 


Cenabis belle, Iuli Cerialis, apud me ; 
condicio est melior si tibi nulla, veni. 
Octavam poteris servare; lavabimur una: 

scis quam sint Stephani balnea iuncta mihi. 
5 Prima tibi dabitur ventri lactuca movendo 
utilis, et porris fila resecta suis, 
mox vetus et tenui maior cordyla lacerto, 
sed quam cum rutae frondibus ova tegant ; 
altera non deerunt tenui versata favilla, 
10 et Velabrensi massa coacta foco, 


52. Aninvitation to Iulius Ce- 
realis (see Io. 48. 5) to attend a 
plain dinner. Cf. 1o. 48; 5. 78; Plin. 
Ep. r. 15; Hor. S. 2. 2; Ep. 1. 5. — 
Meter: § 48. 

1. belle: see 2. 7. 7 N.; II. 34. 
4 cenalit belle, non habitabit. Afer. 
M. has in mind Catull. 13. 1 cexadis 
bene, mi Fabulle, apud me. 

2. condicio: a broad term, like 
‘proposition’; here zzvztatzon, en- 
gagement. Cf. Plaut. Cap. 179-180 
(Ergasilus the parasite accepts 
Hegio’s invitation to dinner) zs 
qui meliorem adferet quae mi at- 
que amicis placeat condicio magis; 
Hor. Ep. 1. 5. 27-28 nis cena prior 
potiorgue puella Sabinum detinet 
adsumam (eum: i.e. ‘I will add him 
to our dinner-party’). 

3. Octavam (sc. horam): the 
bathing hour; see 4.8. 4-5; 3. 36. 
5-6. The usual dinner hour was 
the ninth; see 4.8. 6-7; 10. 48. 1. 
— Octavam ...servare: ie.*you 
can bathe at your usual time*. — 
una: adv., together. 

4. quam... iuncta mihi: cf. 
6. 28. 5 Zuncto Flaminiae iacet se- 
pulcro.— Stephani balnea: pri- 
vate baths; cf. 14. 60. 2 sz clara 
Stephani balnea luce petes. 


5. lactuca: see to. 48. 9 N. 

6. porris... suis: the green 
tops of the chives (secte porrum : 
see on IO. 48. 9); cf. 13. 18. 1-2 
(on porri sectivi) fila Tarentini 
graviter redolentia porri edisti quo- 
tiens, oscula clusa dato. 

7. vetus: perhaps fud/ grown 
(cf. maior), perhaps smoked, salted. 
—cordyla: see 3. 2. 4 N.; 13.1. I. 
—lacerto: see 10. 48. 11 N. The 
lacertus is commonly part of a 
plain, or even mean meal; acces- 
sories (here eggs and rue) were 
needed to make the fish palatable. 
Cf. 12. 19. 1-2 zz thermis sumat lac- 
tucas, ova, lacertum, et cenare domz 
se negat Aemilius. 

8. sed: a saving qualification. 
— quam = /alem ut eam.— cum 
... tegant: cf. ro. 48. r1 N. 

9. altera: sc. ova. — deerunt: 
dissyllabic; see 8. 55. 3 N. — tenui 
... favilla: ie. eggs thoroughly 
roasted in a thin bed of hot ashes; 
cf. Ov. M. 8. 667 ovaque non acri 
(ie. not excessively hot) Zevzter 
versata favilla. 

10. Velabrensi...foco: prob. 
smoked cheese (caseus fumosus), 
for the making of which the cheese- 
mongers of the Velabrum (between 


282 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 52. 11 


et quae Picenum senserunt frigus olivae. 
Haec satis in gustu. Cetera nosse cupis ? 

mentiar, ut venias: pisces, conchylia, sumen 
et chortis saturas atque paludis aves, 

15 quae nec Stella solet rara nisi ponére cena. 

Plus ego polliceor: nil recitabo tibi, 

ipse tuos nobis relegas licet usque Gigantas 
Rura vel aeterno proxima Vergilio. 


Senos Charinus omnibus digitis gerit 
nec nocte ponit anulos 


the Palatine and the Tiber) had a 
well-deserved reputation. Cf.13. 32 
non quemcumque focum nec fumum 
caseus omnem, sed Velabrensem qui 
Dibit, tlle sapit. For such cheese 
goat's milk was best; cf. Plin. 
N. H. 11. 240-241. — coacta: per- 
haps merely manufactured (prop. 
‘coagulated’, ‘curdled’, ‘solidified’), 
perhaps forced, i.e. ripened arti- 
ficially (Steph.). For the former 
sense cf. in a way I0. 17. 7 N.; for 
the latter cf. 10. 36. 1 znproba Mas- 
siliae quidquid fumaria cogunt. 

Ir. quae... olivae:such olives 
were not the best; cf. 7. 31. 4 «ec 
iam frigoribus pares (‘a match for’) 
olivas. For the olives of Picenum 
see 1. 43. 8 N.; 9. 26. 6. 

I2. gustu: see on I. 43. 3-8; 
I. 103. 7-8. — Cetera: the cena 
proper. 

13. mentiar...venias: 'I'll 
make lying promises to get you to 
come", — pisces, by contrast with 
7-8, = ‘fine fish’, e.g. the mullet.— 
conchylia, oysters. See 3.45. 6 N. 
— sumen: see 10. 48. 12 N. 

14. Chortis.. . aves: ie. do- 
mestic fowl; cf. 3. 58. 12; 9. 54. 11 
mittimus ergotibi barvae munuscula 


chortis. — saturas, fat, is to be 
taken twice with aver. — paludis 
aves: esp. wild geese and ducks. 

IS. nec — ze ...quidem; see on 
I. 109. 20. — Stella: see on 1. 61. 4. 

16. ego: emphatic; it implies 
that the promises of 13-15 are 
made by many. — nil... tibi: the 
value of this promise appears from 
3. 50. 7 (see notes); 5.78. 25 nec 
crassum dominus leget volumen. 

17. licet: see on 1. 70. 17. It 
is possible to put a heavier stop 
after 7767, 16, and to interpret ‘but 
you yourself may’, etc. — Gigan- 
tas: Cerialis had written a Giganto-. 
machia as well as an agricultural 
poem (Azza, 18), in both imitating 
Vergil. On Vergil's immense in- 
fluence on subsequent poets see 
Fried. SG. 3. 454 ff. 

18. aeterno . . . Vergilio: cf. 
10. 26. 7 sed datur aeterno victurum 
carmine nomen. 

59. On Charinus's ostentatious 
display of his finger-rings. On the 
use of rings see Beck. 3. 244 ff.; 
Müller Hdb. IV 2, p. 93o. — Meter: 
88 50-51. 

1. Charinus (cf. Xaptyos): prob. 
a Greek freedman. 


11. 80. 5] EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


nec cum lavatur. Causa quae sit quaeritis ? 
Dactyliothecam non habet. 


67 
Nil mihi das vivus; dicis post fata daturum : 
si non es stultus, scis, Maro, quid cupiam. 


80 


283 


Litus beatae Veneris aureum Baias, 
Baias superbae blanda dona naturae, 
ut mille laudem, Flacce, versibus Baias, 
laudabo digne non satis tamen Baias. 
5 Sed Martialem malo, Flacce, quam Baias ; 


4. Dactyliothecam (cf. óakrv- 
Aohjkm): cf. 14. 123 (a dactyliotheca 
speaks) sacpe gravis digitis elabitur 
anulus unctis, tuta mea fiet sed tua 
gemma fide; Plin. N. H. 37. 11. — 
non habet: Charinus is too poor 
to have so many rings and a jewel- 
casket too. : 

67. M. playing the róle of beg- 
gar, says, ‘If you don't give, I shall 
have to take the attitude of a cap- 
lator'. See 1. 10. — Meter: § 48. 

I. post fata = post mortem; i.e. 
‘by your last will and testament’; 
see on I. 42. I. — daturum: sc. Ze 
esse; the omission of both subj. 
and esse with the fut. inf. is com- 
mon, esp. in Livy. 

2. quid cupiam: i.e. ‘your 
speedy death’, 

80. A somewhat obscure epi- 
gram, since it is not clear whether 
Martialem, $, denotes the poet him- 
self or his friend Iulius Martialis 
(see 1. 15, with notes; 4. 64; etc.), 
and since the text is disputed in 7. 
Flaccus seems to have asked M. to 
come to visit him at Baiae (cf. 6). 
— Meter: § 52. 


i. Litus... aureum: cf. Iuv. 
3-4-5 /anua Baiarum est (Cumae) 
et gratum. litus amoeni secessus; 
Stat. Silv. 3. 5. 96 vaporzferas, blan- 
dissima tora, Baias. For Baiae 
in general see 3. 58. 1 N. — Vene- 
ris: on the Venus-cult in this 
locality see C.I.L. 10. 3692. Cer- 
tain ruins are still pointed out as 
those of the temple of Venus at 
Baiae, but the identification is un- 
certain. Baiae belonged to Venus, 
surely, as the home of pleasure 
and revels of all sorts. — aureum: 
see 8. 50. 13 N. 

2. superbae...naturae: as 
if nature was proud of her gift to 
men. — blanda, alluring; cf. 4. 
57. 1; Stat. Silv. 3. 5. 96, cited on r. 

3. ut, although; see on 2. 41. 4. 
— Flacce: see 4. 49. 1; 8. 55. 5; 
10. 48. 5. 

5. Martialem: it is far more 
natural to think here of Iulius 
Martialis (see Ihtrod.) than of the 
poet himself. Verses 1-5 =‘I know 
how lovely Baiae is, but I prefer to 
remain here with Martialis'. See 
on 7. 


284 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 80. 6 


optare utrumque pariter inprobi votum est. 
Quod si deorum munere hoc tibi detur, 
quid gaudiorum est Martialis et Baiae! 


84 


Qui nondum Stygias descendere quaerit ad umbras 
tonsorem fugiat, si sapit, Antiochum. 

Alba minus saevis lacerantur bracchia cultris, 
cum furit ad Phrygios enthea turba modos, 


6. optare... pariter: ie. to 
wish for the society of my friend 
and the life at Baiae at the same 
time. — inprobi, zzreasonabfe, 
shameless. "The vs. —'I am not 
unreasonable enough to crave both 
together; hence I give up Baiae’. 

7. Quod... detur: it is clear 
from 5-7 that Martialis was not at 
Baiae. Perhaps he was in his fine 
villa on the Ianiculum (see 4. 64), 
but we have no means of deciding 
the point. — tibi: see App. 

8. quid gaudiorum = gzantum 
gaudiorum, quanta gaudia. 

84. Onabadbarber. Cf. 7.83. 
Until about 300 B.c. the Romans 
did not shave; Plin. N. H. 7. 211 
states that barbers came from Sicily 
with other Greek innovations. On 
the care of hair and beard see Beck. 
3. 237 ff.; Marq. 597 ff. Cf. Sen. 
Brev. Vit. 12. 3 quis est istorum (the 
dandies) guz non malit rem publi- 
cam suam turbari quam comam ? 
qui non sollicitior sit de capitis sui 
decore quam de salute? qui non 
comptior esse malit quam honestior ? 
Barbers not only shaved and cut 
hair, but were manicures. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Stygias . . . umbras: cf. 1. 
IOI. 5 ze famen ad Stygias famulus 
descenderet umbras, Y. Y14. 5; 12. 
90. 31 1. 36. 5 znfernas ad umbras; 
9. 29. 2 ad infernas aquas. See 
App. — descendere: cf. Verg. A. 


6. 126 facilis descensus Averno, 
For quaero with inf. see on I. 2. 2. 

2. Antiochum: some freed- 
man. For fancy names given to 
slaves see on 5. 24. I. 

3-4. lacerantur: the Bellonarii, 
priests of the Asiatic goddess Bel- 
lona, whose worship was intro- 
duced into Rome from Comana in 
Cappadocia about 100 B.C, cut 
their arms and thighs with knives 
(see Preller-Jordan 2. 386; Marq.- 
Wissowa 3. 76); theself-mutilation 
of the devotees of Cybele is well 
known. Cf. Sen. Vit. Beat. 26. 8 
cum aliquis secandi lacertos suos 
artifex bracchia atque umeros su- 
spensa manu cruentat. There is a 
fine double juxtaposition in the 
verse; the adjectival elements are 
brought together at the beginning, , 
the substantival at the end. — ad 
... modos: the Oriental music 
produced by the cornu, cymbala, 
tympana, and tibiae is horribly dis- 
cordant to western ears, and seems 
fit concomitant to fanatical rites. 
—Phrygios: the worship of 
Cybele (the Magna Mater) was 
brought to Rome from Pessinus, a 
town in a part of Galatia that 
originally belonged to Phrygia. 
For the orgiastic worship of Cybele 
see e.g. Ov. F. 4. 212-214 aera deae 
comites raucaque terga movent; 
cymbala pro galeis, pro scutis tym- 
pana pulsant : tibia dat Phrygios, ut 


11. 84. 13] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


285 


s mitior inplicitas Alcon secat enterocelas 
fractaque fabrili dedolat ossa manu. 
Tondeat hic inopes Cynicos et Stoica menta 
. collaque pulverea nudet equina iuba ; 
hic miserum Scythica sub rupe Promethea radat : 
10 carhificem nudo pectore poscet avem ; 
ad matrem fugiet Pentheus, ad Maenadas Orpheus, 
Antiochi tantum barbara tela sonent. 
Haec quaecumque meo numeratis stigmata mento, 


dedit ahte, modos; Ib. 453-454 at- 
tonitusque seces ut quos Cybeleia 
mater incitat ad Phrygios vila 
membra modos. The Phrygian 
pipes (Zzae) were distinguished 
from the Lydian and the Dorian 
measures. — enthea turba: the 
wild mob of frenzied worshipers. 
Cf. 12. 57. 11 mec turba cessat en- 
theata Bellonae. Entheus (£v0cos) is 
common in the post-Augustan 
poets, esp. of the Maenads and 
others who participate in orgiastic 
rites. 

5. inplicitas ... enterocelas: 
ie. strangulated hernia. — Alcon: 
see 6. 70. 6 N. On Roman surgery 
see Fried. SG. 1. 341 ff. 

6. dedolat, chops away, a pur- 
posely rough word to describe the 
removal of splinters of bone pre- 
paratory to setting or dressing. 

7. Tondeat, c/zZ, is in sharp 
contrast to vadat, 9. Antiochus 
should confine himself to cutting 
hair; even then he should select 
only such mortals as can endure 
much. Philosophers were often 
bearded; cf. e.g. Hor. S. 1. 3. 133- 
134 vellunt tbi barbam  lascivi 
pueri; Pers. 1. 133 si Cynico bar- 
bam petulans nonaria vellat. 

9. miserum . .. radat: for the 
story that Prometheus was fastened 
toa rock of the Scythian Caucasus 
and torn by an eagle (vulture) cf. 


e.g. the Prometheus of Aeschylus. 
The imperativalsubjunctive clause 
serves as a protasis; see on I. 70. 
3i I. 79. 2; 1. 107.3; etc. So 12is 
protasis to 11. 

1o. ‘Prometheus willclamorfor 
the eagle to escape Antiochus '. — 
carnificem: cf. Sil. 1. 173 carnifi- 
caeve manus. — poscet: for mood 
and tense see on Ze cot, 11. 5. 7. 

ir. ad... Pentheus: Pentheus 
will regard his mother, Agave, as 
more merciful than Antiochus, 
though she and his sisters, think- 
ing him a beast, in their frenzy tore 
him to pieces, because they dis- 
covered him watching their Bac- 
chanalian orgies. As king of 
Thebes he had opposed the intro- 
duction of the rites of Bacchus. — 
ad... Orpheus: Orpheus was 
torn to pieces by the Thracian 
women when they were engaged 
in a Bacchanalian orgy. — Maena- 
das (Mauváóes, ‘the raving ones’): 
the Thracian Bacchanals, who re- 
sented Orpheus’s devotion to his 
dead wife Eurydice. 

12. tantum = ‘only’, modo, 
dum; cf. note on dum tantum, 9. 
46. 4.— barbara tela: his zova- 
cula; cf. saevis . . . cultris, 3. 

14. pyctae: this word is from 
the Greek ;' 2ycta, pyctes = wvxrns. 
The Latin word is pug/. The 
caestus, boxing-gloves, were well 


286 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[11. 84. 14 


in vetuli pyctae qualia fronte sedent, 


15 non iracundis fecit gravis unguibus uxor : 
Antiochi ferrum est et scelerata manus. 
Unus de cunctis animalibus hircus habet cor : 
barbatus vivit, ne ferat Antiochum. 


Leniat ut fauces medicus quas aspera vexat 
adsidue tussis, Parthenopaee, tibi, 
mella dari nucleosque iubet dulcesque placentas 
et quidquid pueros non sinit esse truces. 
s At tu non cessas totis tussire diebus : 
non est haec tussis, Parthenopaee, gula est. 


calculated to cut and bruise; a 
leather strap, in which plummets 
of lead and iron were fastened, 
was wrapped round and round the 
hands; cf. e.g. Verg. A. 5. 401-408. 

15. gravis, disagreeable (witha 
hint that her physical prowess is 
not to be despised in a brawl). 

16. est: since the logical sub- 
ject, stigmata (13), is rather remote, 
the verb naturally takes the number 
of the pred. nominatives. — scele- 
rata manus: cf. Sil. 1.173, cited 
on IO. 

Ij. cor, judgment, sense,a mean- 
ing common in early Latin, and 
seen in cordatus and the name 
Corculum; cf. 3. 27. 4 ef mi cor 
non est, et tibi, Galle, Pudor; 2. 8. 
5-6 guod si non illum (the copyist) 
sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te 
credam. cordis habere nihil. See 
Cic. Tusc. 1. 9. 18. 

86. M. insinuates that Par- 
thenopaeus feigns illness because 
helikes theremedies administered. 
— Meter: $ 48. 

1. fauces: the upper throat; 
guia is the gullet. See further the 
note on 6. 


2. Parthenopaee: the former 
slave name of some freedman ; on 
fanciful slave names see on 5. 24. 1. 
The original Parthenopaeus was 
son of Meleager and Atalanta. 

3. mella. . . nucleos... 
placentas: these are all things 
whose lubricity and sweetness 
would tend to allay tickling and 
irritation due to cold. Cf. Plin. 
N. H. 22. 108 (wed est) faucibus, ton- 
sillis, anginae omnibusque oris de- 
sideris utilissimum. — placentas: 
see 5.39. 3 N. The remedies are at 
once palatable and substantial. 

4. quidquid .. .truces: ie. 
whateverkeeps children in good hu- 
mor; cf. Hor. S. 1. 1. 25-26 ut pueris 
olim dant crustula blandi doctores, 
elementa velint ut discere prima. 

6. gula: *your disease lies be- 
low the part of the throat that the 
doctor is treating’ (see on 1). For 
the play on words cf. 2. 40. 80 
stultz, febrem creditis esse? gula est. 
For guda, * gluttony’, see on I. 20. 
313. 22.5. 

OI. A tender epitaph-epigram 
(see § 26) on Canace, a little slave 
girl, who seems to have died of 


1I. 92. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


287 


Aeolidos Canace iacet hoc tumulata sepulcro, 
ultima cui parvae septima venit hiems. 
Ah scelus, ah facinus! properas qui flere, viator, 
non licet hic vitae de brevitate queri : 
s tristius est leto leti genus: horrida vultus 
apstulit et tenero sedit in ore lues, 
ipsaque crudeles ederunt oscula morbi, 
nec data sunt nigris tota labella rogis. 
Si tam praecipiti fuerant ventura volatu, 
10 debuerant alia fata venire via, 
sed mors vocis iter properavit cludere blandae, 
ne posset duras flectere lingua deas. 


02 


Mentitur qui te vitiosum, Zoile, dicit : 
non vitiosus homo es, Zoile; sed vitium. 


cancer of the lip.— Cf. 5. 34. — 
Meter: $48. 

1. Canace: the Canace of leg- 
end was a daughter of Aeolus. On 
the name here cf. Antiochum, 11. 
84. 2N.; Parthenopaee, 11. 86.2 N. 

3. Ah...facinus: cf. 11.93. 3 
o scelus, o magnum facinus crimen- 
que deorum. — qui: the antec. is 
libi, to be supplied with Zzcez, 4. — 
viator: cf. 11. 13. I N. 

4. non licet . . . queri may 
mean either ‘you may not weep 
because her life was short', since 
her death was a mercy, or ‘you may 
not weep merely over the short- 
ness of her life’, since her life was 
not merely short but full of suffer- 
ing. In the onecase M.says* Weep 
not at all’, in the other: he says 
‘Weep not till you know how 

much there is to lament’. 
] 5. leto: a poetic word, sug- 
gestive of annihilation. 


6. lues: a wasting disease, here 
prob. cancer; cf. 1. 78. 1-2 zndienas 
premeret pestis cum tabida fauces 
inque suos vultus serperet atra lues; 
I. 101. 6 zreret ... cum scelerata 
lues. 

7. oscula: see 1. 109. 2 N.; cf. 
labella, 8. 

9-10. Si... debuerant: a 
simple condition. — volatu: cf. 
Eng. ‘wings of fate’ and like ex- 
pressions. — fata: see 7.47. 8N.; 
1.42.1 N. For position see on I. 
53. 8; 9. 61. 11-12. 

11. blandae, persuasive ; cf. 4. 
57. 11 8. 32. 2; 11. 8o. 2. 

12. deas: the Parcae. 

92. A fling at Zoilus. See z. 
16; 2. 19; 2. 58. — Meter: § 48. 

2. non . . . vitium, you are 
depravity personified; cf. Iuv.2.34— 
35 nonne igitur dure ac merito vitia 
ultima (‘bad men’) fictos contem- 
nunt Scauros ? 


LIBER XII 


3 


Quod Flacco Varioque fuit summoque Maroni 
Maecenas, atavis regibus ortus eques, 
gentibus et populis hoc te mihi, Prisce Terenti, 
fama fuisse loquax chartaque dicet anus : 
5 tu facis ingenium, tu, si quid posse videmur, 
tu das ingenuae ius mihi pigritiae. 


6 


Contigit Ausoniae procerum mitissimus aulae 


3- M. calls Priscus Terentius, 
his patron (see 8. 12. 3 N.), a second 
Maecenas. See 8. 55, with notes. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Flacco: see 1. 107.4N.; 8. 
18. 5. — Vario: cf. 8. 18. 7 N.; 8. 
55. 21.—summo. .. Maroni: see 
I. 107. 4 N.; 5. 56. 5; II. 52. 18 
aeterno Vergilio. 

2. Maecenas ... eques: cf. 
Tuscus eques, 8. 55. 9, with note. — 
atavis regibus ortus: cf. Hor. C. 
1.1.1 Maecenas, atavis edite regibus. 

3. gentibus et populis: on 
M.’s wide-spread fame cf. 1. 1; 5. 
I3; 9. 97. 2; $ 40. — hoc: pred. 
acc. with fzisse. 

4. fama .. loquax: cf. Lib. 
Spect. r. 8 fama loguetur, and note 
on charta below.— charta . . . 
anus: cf. Catull. 68. 46 (— 68 b. 
6) facite haec charta loguatur anus. 
For anus as adj. (= annosa, ‘long- 
lived’) cf. 1. 39. 2 guales prisca fides 
Jamaque novit anus. Such a charta 
contains victura carmina, 8.73. 4, 
vividum . .. carmen, 12. 61.1. 


5. ingenium (zz): cf. 8. 73. 
5-6 n.—si quid... videmur is 
more modest than guzdguzd or quzd- 
cumque posse videmur. Sc. facis 
with tw... £z. 

6. ingenuae... pigritiae : i.e. 
a gentlemanly leisure; cf. sense of 
ingenuus in 10.47. 6; 6. 11. 6. 

6. M. lauds the changed con- 
ditions under the emperor Nerva. 
Cf. 11. 5; 8. 70. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Ausoniae . . . aulae: see 
on Parrhasía ... aula, 7. 99. 3. 
Ausonius often merely = Roma- 
nus; Cf. 8. 53. 5 idm Ausonia... 
harena ; 12.62. 9 Ausonio macello; 
13. 65. 1 Ausoniis mensis. — proce- 
rum denotes the men who have 
held high positions or have glori- 
fied their country, and so is more 
inclusive and more complimentary 
than principum or Caesarum would 
have been. — mitissimus : Nerva 
repressed the' de/afores, lessened 
taxation, protected the senate, and 
recalled the exiles. Contrast Sulla 
cruentus, 11. 5. 9. 


288 


12. 6. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


289 


Nerva: licet toto nunc Helicone frui: 
recta Fides, hilaris Clementia, cauta Potestas 
iam redeunt ; longi terga dedere Metus. 
5 Hoc populi gentesque tuae, pia Roma, precantur : 
dux tibi sit semper talis, et iste diu. 
Macte animi, quem rarus habes, morumque tuorum, 
quos Numa, quos hilaris possit habere Cato. 


2. licet... frui: ie. under a 
good emperor men of letters are 
encouraged to do their best; the 
Muses have a fair and full chance. 
There is a personal compliment 
also to Nerva; cf. 9. 26, with notes ; 
8.70. 7-8. See App.— Helicone: 
see I. 76. 9 N.; 7. 63. 12. 

3. recta Fides: that the adj. 
is not superfluous is shown by the 
familiar phrase bona fides. — hi- 
laris Clementia: if a Nero or a 
Domitian ever showed clemency 
or mildness, it was but a freakish 
perversity of a nature thoroughly 
depraved; Nerva's benignity was 
characteristically cheerful. — cau- 
ta: ie. that observes due metes 
and bounds. — Potestas is legal, 
constitutional power; Pofenfia is 
personal authority, illegal or extra- 
constitutional. In Italian podesta 
= ‘a magistrate". 

4. longi... Metus: M. is 
thinking primarily of Domitian's 
long reign of 15 years, 81-96 (see 
on this reign Tac. Agr. 3, cited in 
Introduction, p. xxxii, n. 1). Still, 
from 14, when Tiberius succeeded 
Augustus, till Nerva ascended the 
throne, with the exception of the 
administrations of Vespasian and 
Titus (69-81), Rome had had little 
government that made patriots 
happy or hopeful Long? = diu- 
turni. — Metus: for the pl. see 1. 
15.7N. 

‘5. pia Roma: the real object 
ofthe Roman's worship was Rome; 


his 27eas embraced not simply pa- 
rentes and dei, but Patria. Hence 
temples were erected to (dea) 
Roma ; see Preller-Jordan 2. 353 ff. 

6. dux: often applied to the 
emperor in the poetry of the Em- 
pire, in place of the more formal 
princeps, cf. 12. 11. 6. — et iste 
diu (Zi dux sit): cf. Hor. C. 1. 2. 
45-46 (of Augustus) seruszz caelum 
redeas diugue laetus intersis populo 
Quirini. ste = Nerva; see on 1. 
70. 18. 

7-8. Macte... Cato: ‘all hail 
to a soul and to a character which 
are in these days rare indeed, aye, 
were known only in far distant 
times '. — Macte animi: cf. Stat. 
Silv. 5. 1. 37 macte anim; Theb. 2. 
495 macte animi, tantis dignus qui 
crederis armis. Animi may be 
gen. in imitation of the gen. of 
source much used in Greek in con- 
nection with words (interjections) 
and expressions of emotion; it may, 
however, be locative (azmz is cer- 
tainly locative in a number of 
phrases). /acteis more often used 
with the abl. ; cf. the familiar macte 
virtute. 'The origin and nature of 


- macte itself are uncertain; see 


A. 340, c, and n.; GL. 85, c; 325, 
Rem. 1; Conington on Verg. A. 
9. 641. — rarus: cf. 10. 78. 2 zii 
rara fides amorque recti; luv. 8. 
27-28 rarus civis. —morum . . . 
tuorum: cf. 11. 5. 5. — Numa (/a- 
buit) see 10. 10. 4; 11. 5. 2. Nerva 
was religious. — hilaris . . . Cato, 


290 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12.6.9 


Largiri, praestare, breves extendere census, 
10 et dare quae faciles vix tribuere dei 
nunc licet et fas est. Sed tu sub principe duro 
temporibusque malis ausus es esse bonus. 


Habet Africanus miliens, tamen captat : 
Fortuna multis dat nimis, satis nulli. 


Parthenio dic, Musa, tuo nostroque salutem, 


a Cato grown cheerful (B. and L.) ; 
Nerva has the uprightness and 
the probity of Cato the Censor 
(see 10. 20. 21) without his asper- 
ity and narrowness. — hilaris — 
si hilaris sit. For the real Cato 
M. had little sympathy ; cf. 11.2.1-6. 

9-1o. Largiri, praestare: to 
win distinction in any way, even by 
true beneficence, was dangerous 
under a Domitian. Such benefi- 
cence betokened wealth; wealth 
such emperors craved. Note the 
four expressions for giving, rising 
to a climax in 10; /azgzri and 
largitio often enough, when used 
alone, suggest rather bribery. — 


faciles... dei: see I. 103. 4 N.. 


vix: even from /acz/es dei money 
is not always easy to get. 

II. Sub principe duro: esp. 
Domitian. For M.’s treatment of 
the dead Domitian see $ 36. — For 
the meter see $ 47, i. 

12. temporibus . . . malis: 
luv. 4.80 uses zemporibus diris of 
Domitian’s reign of terror. 

IO. On a specially avaricious 
captator. — Meter: § 52. 

i. miliens: sc. centena milia 
(see 3. 22. 1 N.); the amount is 
100,000,000 sestertiz. 

2. Fortuna... nulli: pro- 
verbial; cf. German Das Glick 


gilt vielen zu viel, aber niemandem 
genug; Publ Syr. 174 Fortuna 
nimium quem fovet stultum facit; 
Otto s.v. Fortuna 12; 13. Similar 
in thought is Hor. Ep. 1. 2. 56 
semper avarus eget; Sen. Ep. 94. 
43 avarus animus mullo satiatur 
lucro; Otto s.v. Avarus. Petronius 
makes a freedman say: zemzni nil 
satis est. 

II. A sort of epistolary epi- 
gram. Parthenius had been cuéz- 
cularius or high chamberlain at the 
palace under Domitian. See Fried. 
SG. 1.114 ff. He helped to assas- 
sinate Domitian, but later (in 97) 
met a horrible death at the hands 
of the Praetorians. M. had used 
his good offices to introduce Book« 
V to the emperor (5. 6.1). The 
brevis libellus in whose interest he 
now asks Parthenius’s help (7) can- 
not be Book XII, for that book did 
not appear until after Parthenius’s 
death. Perhaps the reference is to 
the selection from books X-XI 
of which M. writes in 12. 4. The 
poem accords honor to Parthenius’s 
literary ability, to which M. pays 
tribute in several other places. — 
Meter: § 48. 

I. dic. . . salutem, greet; a 
variation of the formula S.D. or 
S.P.D. (= salutem (plurimam) 


12. 17. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


291 


nam quis ab Aonio largius amne bibit ? 
cuius Pimpleo lyra clarior exit ab antro? 
quem plus Pierio de grege Phoebus amat ? 
s etsi forte — sed hoc vix est sperare — vacabit, 
tradat ut ipse duci carmina nostra roga 
quattuor et tantum timidumque brevemque libellum 
commendet verbis * Hunc tua Roma legit". 


Quare tam multis a te, Laetine, diebus 
non abeat febris quaeris et usque gemis. 

Gestatur tecum pariter pariterque lavatur ; 
cenat boletos, ostrea, sumen, aprum ; 


dicil) used in the headings of let- 
ters. — tuo: see on szo, I. 15. I. 

2. Aonio . amne: the 
springs of the Muses on Mt. Heli- 
con. Seer. 76.9 N.; 7. 63. 4. 

3. Pimpleo . . . antro: the 
Pierian grot which the Muses 
loved; to this, figuratively speak- 
ing, Parthenius resorted for inspi- 
ration. Cf. 11. 3. 1; Catull. 105. 1 
(poeta) conatur Pipleum scandere 
montem. — lyra, lyric strains 
(metonymy). — clarior: pred. 
nom. to exzt, ‘issues’. We should 
use an adverb. 

4. Pierio de grege: see 1.76. 
31 10. 58. 5-6; cf. 9. 86. 3 cum grege 
Pierio maestus Phoebogue querebar. 
— Phoebus: as patron of art, 
music, etc.; see 1. 70. 15; 1. 76. 5; 
7. 63. 11. 

5. Siforte... vacabit: a com- 
pliment, because it suggests that 
Parthénius had many important 
duties; cf. 11. 1. 6 (of Parthenius) 
nec Musis vacat, aut suis vacaret. 
est = “cet, is possible; cf. 11. 98. 1 
effugere non est, Flacce, basiatores. 

6. tradat... duci...roga: 
cf. 4. 8. 7-12. — duci: see 12. 6. 6 N. 


7-8. quattuor...tantum... 
verbis, with just four words.— 
timidum...libellum: in 5. 6 
M., requesting Parthenius to pre- 
sent Book V to Domitian, says in 
7-8: admittas timidam brevemque 
chartam intra limina sanctioris 
aulae. — brevem might easily be 
applied to any of the separate 
books. Zrevem ... libellum gives 
the effect of a double diminutive. 

17. To Laetinus, a high-liver, 
who feeds his fever so well that it 
will not leave him. Laetinus may 
be the man of 3. 43. 1. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

r. tam multis... 
for the abl. see on 2. 5. 1. 

3. Gestatur: cf. 1.12. 8 N.; Iuv. 
7. 178-179 ( porticus) in qua geste- 
tur dominus quotiens pluit; Sen. 
Ep. 15. 6 gestatio et corpus concutit 
et studio non officit: possis legere, 
possis dicare, possis logui, fossis 
audire.—tecum...pariterque : 
see App. Note the chiasmus. 

4. boletos: see 1.20.2 N.; 3. 
60. 5. — ostrea: see 3. 45. 6 N. — 
sumen: see 10.48.12N.—aprum: 
See I, 43. 2, etc. 


diebus: 


292 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 17. 5 


5 ebria Setino fit saepe et saepe Falerno 
nec nisi per niveam Caecuba potat aquam ; 
circumfusa rosis et nigra recumbit amomo 
dormit et in pluma purpureoque toro. 
Cum sit ei pulchre, cum tam bene vivat apud te, 
10 ad Damam potius vis tua febris eat? 


18 


Dum tu forsitan inquietus erras 


5. Setino: see 4. 69. 1 N.; 8. 
50. 19. — Falerno: see 4.69. 1 N.; 
8. 55. 14. 

6. per . . . aquam: on the 
cooling of wine see on 2. 1. 9-10; 
5. 64. 2. — Caecuba: see 4. 69. 1 N. 

7. circumfusa rosis: .at a 
dinner roses were not only used for 
chaplets but were scattered about 
the triclinium. See on 5. 37. 9; 5. 
64.4; 6.80.— nigra... amomo: 
see 5. 64. 31 6. 55. 2 N. — recum- 
bit: cf. 3. 50. 3; 4.8. 6; 10.27. 2. 

8. pluma: i.e. down pillows; cf. 
10. 14. 6 dormiat in pluma nec me- 
Jiore Venus; Prop. 3. 7. 50 fultum 
(erat) pluma versicolore caput; Luv. 
I. 158-159 vehatur pensilibus 
plumis; 10. 360-362 pottores Her- 
culis aerumnas credat. saevosque 
labores et venere et cenis et pluma 
Sardanapali. — toro: torus is used 
here for the vestes stragulae or 
stragula laid upon it; see 2. 16. 
1-3. 

9. Cum sit ei pulchre: ie. 
'since your fever fares so well'. 
The idiom 2zZcAre esse is from the 
sermo familiaris; cf. Hor. S. 2.8. 
18-19 guzs (— quibus) cenantibus 
una, Fundani pulchre fuerit tibi 
nosse laboro; Plaut. Mer. 583-584 
quin ergo imus atque obsonzum 
curamus, pulchre ut simus? See 
on IO. 50. 8. Lene (melius) esse is 
far commoner: cf. e.g. Hor. S. 2. 2. 


120-121 bene erat non piscibus urbe 
petitis, sed pullo atque haedo; 2.8. 
3-4 sic ut mihi numquam in vita 
fuerit melius. See App. 

10. Damam: Dama seems to 
be used in a half conventional way 
for any slave, as Gaius stands for 
any free citizen (see on 5. 14. 5); 
cf. e.g. Hor. S. 1. 6. 38-39 fune Syr? 
Damae, aut Dionysi filius, audes 
deicere de saxo cives aut tradere 
Cadmo ? Pers. 5. 76 hic Dama est 
non tresis agaso.— vis . . . eat: 
see on vis mittam, 1. 117. 2. — eat 
= abeat, 2. Danysz, 60, sees the 
influence of Catullus in this simi- 
larity of the beginning and the end 
of an epigram. 

18. ‘While you, Juvenal, are 
still bearing the burden of life in 
Rome, I am happy in Spain’. For* 
M.’s return to Spain see §§ 14-15. 
Cf. 1.49. There seems no good 
reason to doubt that this Juvenal 
is the famous satirist; see § 19. 
Juvenal’s third satire may then be 
compared advantageously with this 
epigram, not only because it pre- 
sents Juvenal’s ideal of country 
life, but because it enables us to 
see what M. had gained.— Meter: 
§ 49. : 

1. Dum... erras: ie. stroll 
about at random, in leisurely fash- 
ion, in contrast to his definite 
destinations (Zimzna, 4) and his 


12. 18. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


293 


clamosa, Iuvenalis, in Subura 
aut collem dominae teris Dianae, 
dum per limina te potentiorum 

s sudatrix toga ventilat vagumque 
maior Caelius et minor fatigant, 
me multos repetita post Decembres 
accepit mea rusticumque fecit 
auro Bilbilis et superba ferro. 

1o Hic pigri colimus labore dulci 
Boterdum Plateamque — Celtiberis 


breathless hurry as client on the way 
to the sa/uZatio, 3-6. Juvenal was 
perhaps gathering materials for his 
Satires; he writes himself (1. 17-18, 
45-80) as if he were on the street, 
composing as he moved about. 
Juvenal's first book of Satires did 
not appear till 107 (Fried. SG. 3. 
492), whereas this book of epi- 
grams was published as early as 
IOIL or 102. At this time Juvenal 
may have been a pleader by neces- 
sity; cf. facunde ... Juvenalis, 7. 
91. I. — forsitan... erras: see on 
8. 32. 7-8. 

2. clamosa .. Subura: the 
dense population and busy trade 
of the Subura made it the noisiest 
part of Rome; cf. 7. 31. 9-12; Io. 
20. 4-5; IO. 04. 5. 

3. collem . . . Dianae: see 7. 
73.1 N.— teris: see 2. II. 2 N. 

4. limina . . . potentiorum: 
cf. 1. 70.13; 5. 20.5. Translate by 
‘at portal after portal of the great’. 

5. sudatrix toga: for refer- 
ences to the discomfort of wear- 
ing the toga see on 3. 4. 6; 10. 47. 
5; cf. 17 below. For sudatrix see 
Cooper, § 17, p. 69. Juvenal fans 
himself with his toga, but gets no 
relief; even his toga is sweating. 
Contrast algentem .. . fogam, 12. 
36.2 N. 


6. maior Caelius: the Mons 
Caelius proper, in distinction from 
the Caeliolus, which M. designates 
as Caelius Minor. It is not clear 
to what portion of the Caelius the 
name Caeliolus was applied. Many 
great palaces stood on the Caelian, 
especially after the emperors had 
preémpted the Palatine, e.g. those 
of Mamurra, the Pisones, and the 
Laterani. 

7. nultos.. Decembres: 
34 years; see $ 14. In 16 M. uses 
round numbers. 

9. auro... ferro: cf. 4. 55. 
II-I2, 14-15; I. 49. 3-4. 

10-12. pigri: cf. IO. IO4. 15 N. 
— colimus: 'instead of dancing 
attendance upon a patron (cf. colere 
atrium, 3. 38. 11), I reverence the 
wood-nymphs at Boterdum’, i.e. 
‘I visit Boterdum for pleasure’. 
Boterdum was somewhere near 
Bilbilis and had a grove; it was 
prob.a place of resort for the people 
of the town. Cf.1.49.7-8. Platea, 
too, was near Bilbilis; cf. 4.55. 8-13 
Nos Celtis genitos et ex Hiberis no- 
strae nomina duriora terrae grato 
non pudeat referre versu: saevo 
Bilbilin optimam metallo, quae vin- 
cit Chalybasque Noricosque, et ferro 
Plateam suo. sonantem. — Celti- 
beris... terris: cf. 1. 49. I vir 


294 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 18. 12 


haec sunt nomina crassiora terris ; 
ingenti fruor inproboque somno 
quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora, 

15 et totum mihi nunc repono quidquid 
ter denos vigilaveram per annos. 
Ignota est toga, sed datur petenti 
rupta proxima vestis a cathedra. 
Surgentem focus excipit superba 

20 vicini strue cultus iliceti, 


Celtiberis non tacende gentibus. — 
crassiora, rougher and more 
uncouth; cf. 4. 55. 8-13, cited above 
on IIl; 4. 55. 21-29 Turgontique 
lacus Perusiaeque, et parvae vada 
pura Tuetonissae, et sanctum Bura- 
donis ilicetum, per quod vel piger 
ambulat viator, et quae fortibus ex- 
colit iuvencis curvae Manlius arva 
Vativescae. Haec tam rustica, de- 
licate lector, rides nomina? rideas 
licebit: haec tam rustica malo quam 
Butuntos. 

13. inprobo: see on I. 53. 10; 
8. 24. 2; 11. 80. 6. 

14. nec= ve... quidem; see 
on I. IO9. 20. — rumpit: cf. 1. 49. 
35-36 non rumpet altum. pallidus 
somnum reus, sed mane totum dor- 
mies.— For the dizeresis see § 49, d. 

15. totum agrees with guzdguid 

.. annos taken as a noun. On 
M.’s craving for sleep when he was 
in Rome see on 2. 90. 10; 9. 68. 1; 
10.47.11; IO. 74. I2. Cf. also Hor. 
S. 2. 6. 60-63 o rus, quando ego te 
adspiciam ? quandoque licebit nunc 
veterum libris, nunc somno et iner- 
libus horis ducere sollicitae tucunda 
oblivia vitae? For sleep in Spain 
see I. 49. 35 (cited on 14); 12. 68. 
5-6. Cf. too Plin. Ep. 7. 3. 2 quiz 
ergo aliquando in urbem vedis?... 
quousque vigilabis cum voles, dor- 
mies quam díu voles? quousque 


calcei nusquam, toga feriata (‘ona 
holiday")? — repono: prop. used, 
as here, of paying a debt. 

16. See on 7. 

i7. Ignota... toga: see on 5. 
— petenti: ie. ‘as I call for my 
clothing upon rising in the morn- 
ing’. 
18. rupta...cathedra: plain 
tunics and broken chairs go to- 
gether in the country. — proxima 
vestis includes the Zzzzca (which 
was frequently worn in the country 
as an outer garment) and possibly 
a lacerna (see 2.29. 3 N.). Proxima 
vestis denotes, as we might say, 
the first clothes that come to hand, 
clothes easy to find on the cathedra 
where they had been left at bed- 
time, instead of being carefully 
folded and put away by a special 
slave (vestipiica) in a press( prelunt), 
as was done in houses of the rich 
in Rome (2. 46. 3). The manners 
of Bilbilis were doubtless simple, 
but it is grotesque to imagine, as 
some have done, apparently in all 
seriousness, that M. wrapped him- 
self in a stragulum or chair-cover. 

19. superba, royal. At Rome 
the client freezes, as he hurries 
through the wintry air to his pa- 
tron's house. 

20. vicini ...iliceti: ie. good 
fuel, and easy to get; cf. 1. 49. 27 


12. 21. 4] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


295 


z1 multa vilica quem coronat olla. 
24  Dispensat pueris rogatque longos 
25 levis ponere vilicus capillos. 

Sic me vivere, sic iuvat perire. 


Municipem rigidi quis te, Marcella, Salonis 
et genitam nostris quis putet esse locis ? 
tam rarum, tam dulce sapis. Palatia dicent, 

audierint si te vel semel, esse suam : 


vicina in ipsum silva descendet fo- 
cum (at Bilbilis). — cultus, graced, 
honored; M. writes as if the wood 
were a sacrifice offered to the hearth 
(ie. the Lares). — iliceti: see on 
buxeto, 3. 58. 3. 

21. vilica: see 9. 60. 3 N.; 10. 
48. 7. — coronat: see on corona- 
bunt, 10. 48. 11. 

24-25. Dispensat.. . vilicus: 
the farm-steward himself (see 2. 
11.9) portions out the food (demen- 
sum, cibaria) to the slaves; for this 
purpose on great estates and in 
town palaces a special official was 
provided. At Bilbilis the slaves 
may eat in the atrium, a practice 
common in the more primitive 
times. — rogat ...capillos: the 
meaning is not plain. Many mod- 
ern editors supply puerorum with 
capillos and me with ponere. But 
M.'s slaves at Bilbilis cannot have 
been cagzZ//ati in the sense borne 
by that word in 2. 57. 5; 3. 58. 30-31; 
such slaves belong to luxurious 
city life. Why then does the v/Zicus 
urge M. to have their haircut? that 
they may be graduated, so to say, 
into the ranks of grown-up slaves 
liable to work? But to insist on 
that idea is to spoil the epigram; 
freedom from work, ease of living, 
is its keynote. We must then sup- 


ply szos with capzllos; the beardless 
steward (éévis, 25) thinks himself 
grown-up. This fits the picture 
well enough; since little or no 
serious work is needed, a simple 
boy may be velicus. It must be 
confessed, however, that the ellip- 
sis of me is very harsh. — rogat 
... ponere: vogat seems to have 
the force and the constr. of zuóet 
(cf. 1. 109. 13); verbs of command- 
ing often take the inf. in poetry. — 
ponere = depounere; cf. II. 5. 10; 
Luv. 3. 186 crinem hic deponit amati. 

260. vivere: see I. 15. I2 N. 

21. A tribute to Marcella, his 
Spanish patroness; see $15.— 
Meter: § 48. 

1. rigidi. . . Salonis: see Io. 
13. I; IO. 96. 3; 10. 104. 6. A'gidi 
isa transferred epithet. M. habitu- 
ally represents his country as un- 
couth; cf. note on Io, 65. 3-4. 

3-4. tam...sapis:ie.'culture 
such as yours is rare anywhere, aye, 
it is to be found only in Rome’. — 
rarum ... dulce: acc. of effect 
(inner object); see on 5. 66. 2. — 
Palatia: i.e. Rome, as the seat of 
the highest culture of the world. 
For the pl. see 1. 70. 5 N.; cf. Ov. 
A. À. 3. 119 Palatia fulgent. With 
Palatia ... suam. cf. 11. 53. 1-4 
(of Claudia Rufina, the British 


296 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 21. 5 


5 nulla nec in media certabit nata Subura 
nec Capitolini collis alumna tibi, 
nec cito ridebit peregrini gloria partus, 
Romanam deceat quam magis esse nurum. 
Tu desiderium dominae mihi mitius urbis 
10 esse iubes: Romam tu mihi sola facis. 


O iucunda, covinne, solitudo, 


wife of Pudens) Claudia caerulers 
cum sit Rufina Britannis edita, 
guam Latiae pectora gentis habet! 
Quale decus formae! Romanam cre- 
dere matres Italides possunt, Atthi- 
des esse suam. —vel, even; see 10. 
I9. 21 N. — esse: the subject Ze is 
to be got out of the /e actually 
written in the verse. 

5-6. nulla nec.. . nec: for this 
type of double neg. common 
enough at all periods, both in prose 
and in verse, see A. 327; GL. 445; 
L. 166r. — in media... Subura: 
ie.in the very heart of Rome; cf. 
Iuv. 10. 155-156 “Actum”, iuquit 
(Hannibal), *zzAz/ est, sis Poeno 
milite portas (Romae) frangimus et 
media vexillum pono Subura”; 
Apoll. Sidon. C. 23. 235-237 et te 
seu Latialiter sonantem. tamquam 
Romutlea satum Subura, seu, etc. — 
tibi: for syntax see A. 413, b, N.; 
GL. 346, N. 6; L. 1186. 

7-8. These vss. are obscure. If 
the text is sound, the best interpre- 
tation, perhaps, is that of Rader: 
' not soon will any (other) maiden 
born outside of Rome itself, even 
though she is the best that foreign 
lands can show, smile (at her 
birth on her parents) better fitted 
to be a daughter of Rome’. In 
ridebit M. is perhaps thinking of 
Verg. E. 4. 6off., itself a difficult 
passage. There Vergil says to the 


child whose birth is to mean so 
much to the world, Zuczge, parve 
puer, visu cognoscere matrem. See 
the editors there; Fowler Harv. 
Stud. 14. 17-35. For M. and Ver- 
gil see § 33; he knew well that his 
contemporaries were thoroughly 
conversant with Vergil's poems. 
Yet, after all, we may well take 
the vss. more simply: *not in long 
ages will there be a smiling, high- 
born maiden of foreign birth more 
fit’, etc. — peregrini . . . partus 
involves metonymy, ‘a maid that 
is the fairest flower of’, etc. 

9-10. For the discontent visible 
here with his life in Spain see § 15. 
—dominae... urbis: see I. 3. 
38.53. 1. 519. 64. 4. 

24. In praise of a covinnus, a 
present from his friend Aelianus 
The covinnus was properly a Brit- 
ish war-chariot; here, however, it 
is a traveling vehicle much like the 
essedum (4. 64. 19 N.); it was two- 
wheeled and topless; it had but 
one seat and could accommodate 
only two persons. See Beck. 3. 
18ff.; Marq. 734. For the Roman 
tendency to name vehicles some- 
what fancifully see on 4. 64. 19.— 
Meter: § 49. 

1. solitudo: the covzgzus was 
an unpretentious vehicle; the 
traveler might drive himself, thus 
getting rid of any eavesdropping 


12. 24. 11] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


297 


carruca magis essedoque gratum 
facundi mihi munus Aeliani! 
Hic mecum licet, hic, Iuvate, quidquid 
s in buccam tibi venerit loquaris : 
non rector Libyci niger caballi 
succinctus neque cursor antecedit ; 
nusquam est mulio: mannuli tacebunt. 
O si conscius esset hic Avitus, 
10 aurem non ego tertiam timerem. 
Totus quam bene sic dies abiret ! 


muleteer, and there was no call for 
display of outriders or footmen. 

2. carruca . . . gratum: the 
carruca was an ambitious convey- 
ance; it was prob. larger and 
heavier and more expensive even 
than the typical raeda. See 3.62. 
5: 3- 47- 13-14; Dig. 34. 2. 13 (14) 
carruca dormitoria (prob. for night 
travel). 

3. facundi... Aeliani: we 
cannot identify Aelianus; the adj. 
would suggest a lawyer or rhetori- 
cian. Giese and Gilbert, however, 
make him the author of a work on 
Roman military tactics (Taxrixy 
Oewpia). Hirschfeld, Verwaltungs- 
gesch. 224. 29, and others think that 
M. had in mind Casperius Aelianus, 
commander of the Praetorians un- 
der Domitian and Nerva. He was 
apparently a fellow-countryman of 
M. (Fried.), for the present was 
evidently made in Spain. 

4-5. Iuvate: some Spanish 
friend. — quidquid . . . venerit: 
a phrase of the sermo familiaris, = 
quidquid venerit in mentem. Cf. 
Cic. Att. I. 12. 4 tu velim saepe ad 
nos scribas: si rem nullam habebis, 
quod in buccam venerit scribito; 7. 
10 tu, quaeso, crebro ad me scribe 
vel quod in buccam venerit. See 
Otto s.v. Bucca. 


6-7. rector . cursor: for 
African drivers and outriders see 
9. 22. IA N. Rector = driver. — 
cursor, a fore-runner, who, girded 
for running (szeczzetus) and often 
expensively and gaudily attired, 
preceded the carriage of the gran- 
dee (cf. the anteambulo of the 
Jectica ; see on 2.18. 5; 3. 7. 2 ; 10. 
74. 3); see Fried. SG. 2. 35 ff.; 
Marq. 150, N. 6. Cf. Iuv. 5. 52-53 
Ubi pocula cursor. Gaetulus dabit, 
aut nigri manus ossea Mauri ; Petr. 
28 hinc involutus coccina gausapa 
lecticae impositus est praecedentibus 
AAaleratis cursoribus quattuor. 

8. nusquam .. . mulio: see 
on 1; cf. 11. 38 mulio viginti venit 
modo milibus, Aule. Miraris pre- 
dum tam grave? surdus erat. — 
mannuli tacebunt: the ponies 
will betray no secrets. Mannuli 
(dim. of mzannus) were small Gallic 
horses or ponies prized by the 
well-to-do for speed and endur- 
ance; cf. Plin. Ep. 4. 2. 3 Aabebat... 
mannulos multos et iunctos et solu- 
tos; Prop. 4.8. 15. For the word 
see Cooper, § 41. 

9. conscius: pred. nom., /e 
sharemysecrets.— Avitus: L. Ster- 
tinius Avitus; see $ 17. 

11. Paukstadt, 33-34, sees in this 
and other epigrams of M. (e.g. 5.20) 


298 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 29. 1 


29 


Sexagena teras cum limina mane senator, 
esse tibi videor desidiosus eques, 
quod non a prima discurram luce per urbem 
et referam lassus basia mille domum. 
5 Sed tu, purpureis ut des nova nomina fastis 
aut Numidum gentes Cappadocumve regas : 


an imitation of Catullus, because 
the poet places the important part 
of his theme in the middle of the 
epigram (4-8) with an equal num- 
ber of verses before and after the 
chief matter. Cf.note on 5. 39. 5-6. 

29. A rejoinder to the senator 
who had charged M. with neglect 
of his duties as a client. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

1. Sexagena: see on I. 43. 1; 
3.22. Ir. — teras . . . limina: cf.8. 
44. 4 sed omne limen conteris salu- 
lator. On feras see IO. IO. 2; II. 
I3. I. —senator: for the attend- 
ance of the great or high-born on 
the sa/utatio see 10. 10. 2 N. 

2. desidiosus: see I. 107. 2. — 
eques: on M. as eques see 5. I3. 
I-2 N. 

3. aprima...perurbem: on 
the early hour of the salutatzo see 
4. 8. 1 N.; cf. 9. 92. 5-6 Gaius a 
prima tremebundus luce salutat tot 
dominos. — discurram: cf. 4. 78. 3 
discurris tota vagus urbe. 

4. basia mille: a poor retum 
for a day's service at best uncom- 
fortable (cf. 8-10). Kissing was 
common in ancient Rome. Not 
only intimate friends, but mere 
acquaintances were greeted in this 
fashion. See rr. 98 entire, esp. r ff. 
effugere non est (‘is possible’), 
Flacce, basiatores: instant, moran- 
tur, persecuntur, occurrunt et hinc 
et illinc, usquequaque, quacumque. 
See Beck. 1. 88; Lanciani Anc. R. 
270 ff. 


5-6. Sed tu: sc. Zerzs limina. 
purpureis... regas: ie. 'that 
you may get a consulship and so 
have your name recorded in the 
Fasti Consulares and subsequently 
obtain a province with its oppor- 
tunities for wealth and.exercise of 
power'.— purpureis ... fastis: 
the officiallists of the higher magis- 
trates, who wore the Zoga praetexta 
(in purpureis, then, we have a fine 
transferred epithet); cf. 11. 4. 5-6 
et qui purpureis tam tertia nomina 
fastis, Jane, refers Nervae; Apoll. 
Sidon. Ep. 8. 8. 3 “cet tu... fastos 
recolus purpurissatos. —nomina: 
the pl. is strictly correct; the free 
Roman had at least three names, 
praenomen, nomen, cognomen. — 
Numidum: Numidia was organ- 
ized at first as a province called 
Africa Nova, but in 30 it was 
united with the province of Africa 
as a Senatorial province governe 
by a proconsul See Marq.-Wis- 
sowa I. 466. This form of the gen. 
pl belongs to poetry; see Neue- 
Wagener, Formenlehre, 1. 34-35. 
The form in -z is older than the 
longer form in -azz:; it is in no 
sense a contraction of the latter. 
See App. — Cappadocum: after 
70 Cappadocia and Galatia were 
united as a single province gov- 
erned by a consular legatus; see 
Marq.-Wissowa I. 367. — regas: 
a strong verb, used to mark a rule 
that required more or less display 
of military force. See App. 


12. 29. 14] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


299 


at mihi, quem cogis medios abrumpere somnos 
et matutinum ferre patique lutum, 
quid petitur? rupta cum pes vagus exit aluta 
10 et subitus crassae decidit imber aquae 
nec venit ablatis clamatus verna lacernis, 
accedit gelidam servus ad auriculam 


et * Rogat ut secum cenes Laetorius " 


inquit. 


Viginti nummis? non ego: malo famem 


7T. Cogis: conative present; 
see A. 467; GL. 227, N. 2; L. 
2301.— medios. . . somnos: for 
the language cf. Ov. Am. 2. 10. 19 
at mihi saevus amor somnos abrum- 
pat inertes; Verg. G. 3. 530 nec 
somnos abrumpit cura salubris. 
For the salutatio as foe to sleep 
cf. 10. 70. 5 zon resalutantes video 
nocturnus amicos; 12. 18. 12-16 N. 

8. matutinum .. . lutum: cf. 
3- 36. 3-4 horridus ut primo semper 
te mane salutem. per mediumque 
trahat me tua sella lutum; 10. 
10.8 N. —ferre patique: half 
idiomatic; cf. Lucr. 2. 291 (sed ve 
mens ipsa) devicta quasi hoc coga- 
tur ferre patique; Hor. Ep. 1. 15. 
17 rure meo possum quidvis per- 
Serre patique. 

9. vagus exit: the foot is no 
longer held snugly by the broken 
Shoe, but, so to say, roams at will; 
cf. Ov. A. A. 1. g16 mec vagus in 
laxa pes tibi pelle natet. M. fre- 
quently uses zwgor and vagus to 
describe tramping about Rome; 
cf. 1.2. 6; 4. 78. 3. déscurris tota 
vagus urbe. — aluta here = calceo; 
see 2. 20. 8 N.; cf. Ov. A. A. 3. 271 
Bes malus in nivea semper celetur 
aluta. With rupta ... aluta cf. 
I. 103. 5-6; Iuv. 3. 149-150 icd 
calceus alter pelle patet. 

IO. Crassae .. . aquae: a per- 
fect downpour; cf. Ov. Am. 3. 6. 8 
(of a river) et turgi crassas gurgite 


volvís aguas. See Zingerle 15. — 
decidit: cf. Tib. 1. 2. 30 cum multa 
decidit imber aqua. 

II. nec... lacernis: the 
poet's acerna (see 2. 29. 3 N.; 2.43. 

7) had been taken by a fine house- 
slave, and now, when he calls lus- 
tily for it, the slave takes his time, 
leaving M. unprotected in the rain. 
This vs. matches rufa . . . aluta, 
9.— verna: see 1. 41. 2 N.; 2.90. 
9. The word might refer to M.'s 
own fedisecus; if so, see § II. 

12-13. accedit: ie. ‘while lam 
waiting for the rain to cease’. — 
servus . . . inquit: the patron 
does not condescend to give the 
invitation in person ; the invitation 
is thus as mean as the meal to 
which it bids M. See on r1. 20; r. 
43; etc. Verses 9-14 = ‘when I 
am without good shoes, and cloak- 
less too, some one bids me come 
(forthwith) through the rain to a 
worthless dinner’. 

14-15. Viginti nummis: sc. 
cenem (deliberative subjv.): ‘what, 
dine on twenty sesterces?’ Note 
the hyperbole; the patron will not 
spend twenty sesterces on the 
whole dinner! The sum named, if 
expended upon each guest, would 
provide an ample repast.— malo 

. mereamur (16): see on ws 
mittam, 1. 117. 2. — quam, ¢han.— 
merces: i.e. ‘the pay for our serv- 
ices as clients’, "The commercial 


300 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 29. 15 


15 quam sit cena mihi, tibi sit provincia merces, 
et faciamus idem nec mereamur idem. 


Hoc nemus, hi fontes, haec textilis umbra supini 
palmitis, hoc riguae ductile flumen aquae, 

prataque nec bifero cessura rosaria Paesto, 
quodque viret Iani mense nec alget holus, 


word well marks the commercial 
character of the amicitia at this 
time, as does mereamur, 16. 

10, nec: = e amem won.— 
mereamur, earn; cf. stipendium 
merere (mereri). 

31. On the home which Mar- 
cella (see 12. 21) gave to M. after 
his return to Spain. It must have 
been in marked contrast to the 
Nomentanum (cf. 2. 38. 1 ; 9. 18. 2; 
etc.), to judge from the charming 
description of 1-6. See $15. — 


Meter: § 48. 

1-2, Hoc...hi...haec... 
hoc, yonder; M. points to object 
after object. — nemus is more 


than sZ/vae; the estate has wood- 
land that affords a good place to 
keep stock. Cf. véuos. — fontes: 
the estate has good naturalsprings, 
an independent water supply; con- 
trast the situation on his Nomen- 
tanum and at his city house (9. 18). 
—haec..  palmitis: ie. the 
dense shade afforded by the inter- 
woven shoots and leaves of the 
vine; the words suggest not simply 
a cool retreat from summer heat, 
but a supply of wine. Cf. Hor. C. 
1. 38. — supini palmitis: the 
Romans ordinarily trained the vine 
about trees (3. 58. 3 N.) or over 
poles; the former arrangement 
constituted an ardustium, the latter 
a vinea. M.seems to have had a 
vinea; hence supini, low-lying 


(prop. ‘lying on its back"). This 
adj., however, might well describe 
a vineyard on a terrace or hillside; 
cf. Hor. C. 3. 4. 23 7rbur supinum. 
—hoc... aquae, yender chan- 
neled stream of fertilizing water. 
M. points to some aqueduct that 
was tapped for purposes of irriga- 
tion; the abundant flow gives rise 
to the hyperbole in J/Zumen.— 
riguae: active in sense; cf. Verg. 
G. 2. 485 rágui . .. in. vallibus am- 
nes. Irrigation was commonly prac- 
ticed in ancient Greece and ancient 
Italy; see e.g. Cic. Cato M. 15. 53 
quid ego irrigationes ... proferam, 
quibus fit multo terra fecundior and 
F. G. Moore's note there: “The 
art was learned by the Romans 
from its past-masters, the Etrus- 
cans". —ductile: cf. aguae duc- 
Zus, ‘aqueduct’. * 

3. prata: cf. 1. 88. 6 N. —nec 
—né... quidem; see on 1. 109. 
20.— bifero . . . Paesto: see 5. 
37. 9N.; 6. 80. 6; 9. 60. 1. For a 
similar hexameter-ending cf. Verg. 
G. 4. 119; Prop. 4. 5. 61. 

4. viret... alget: the winter 
climate of central Spain is distinctly 
more severe than that of Rome, 
but the local conditions at Bilbilis 
in general or on M.’s farm there 
in particular may have been espe- 
cially favorable; itis probable, also, 
that M. had paid much less atten- 
tion to the possibilities of winter 


12. 31. 10] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


301 


5 quaeque natat clusis anguilla domestica lymphis, 
quaeque gerit similes candida turris aves, 
munera sunt dominae: post septima lustra reverso 
has Marcella domos parvaque regna dedit. 
Si mihi Nausicaa patrios concederet hortos, 
10 Alcinoo possem dicere * Malo meos". 


vegetables at Rome than at Bilbilis; 
in that case he might have regarded 
here as a rare phenomenon what 
hadbeen common enough at Rome, 
though he knew it not. 

5. anguilla domestica, tame 
eels, kept prob. in a preserve or 
‘reservoir (2sczza: cf. clusis... 
Lymphis); cf. 10. 30. 21-24. For the 
collective sing. see 3. 58.13; 7. 
89. 1; 4. 64. 32. — lymphis: this 
word denotes clear water and sug- 
gests that the reservoir was con- 
structed by damming a rivulet 
from one of the /oz/es (1). Met- 
rical considerations precluded put- 
ting the antec. in this verse at the 
end, as in 4, 6. 

6. gerit: ie. gives a home to. 
—similes . . . aves: ie. white 
doves. Cf. 3. 58. 18 N.. With szgiz- 
les sc. sibi = turri. — candida tur- 
ris: cf. Col. 8. 8 Zotus autem locus 
et ipsae columbarum cellae poliri 
debent albo tectorio, quoniam eo 
colore praecipue delectatur hoc genus 
avium; Ov. Tr. 1. 9. 7. 

7. dominae: on the strength 
of this word some (e.g. Brandt 35; 
Van Stockum 39) have held that 
Marcella was M.'s wife; see $ 15. 
Domina was indeed used by the 
husband in addressing his wife, 
butit was also used by clients of 
their patronesses. Cf. dominus — 
patronus (see on 2.18. 5). All M.'s 
expressions concerning Marcella 
can easily be explained as the ut- 
terances of beneficiary concerning 
benefactor. — post . . . lustra: 


See I2. I8. 15-16 N. — reverso: 
SC. zii. 

8. domos: see App.— parva 
|. .Tegna: zegza often in poetry = 
domain (cf. note on 10. 61. 3). But 
the sense may rather be that M. 
proudly feels himself at last a true 
rex, le. a dives, a homo beatus 
(see on 2.18.5), even though his 
realm is small; cf. 4. 40. 3 prae- 
tulimus tantis solum te, Postume, 
regnis; 12. 48. 16; 12. 57. 19. 

9. Nausicaa: the lovely 
daughter of Alcinous, king of the 
Phaeacians (see 4. 64. 29 N.; 10. 
94. 2). In this comparison M. 
seems to have in mind the fruit- 
producing virtue of his garden; 
cf. Priap. 16. 3-4 (fompa) qualia 
credibile est spatiantem rure paterno 
Nausicaam pleno saepe tulisse sinu , 
Stat. Silv. 1.3.81 guid bifera Al- 
cinot laudem pomaria ? — For the 
final Z of Nausicaa see § 54, a; cf. 
14. 187. 2 nec Glycerd pueri, Thais 
amica fuit. 

34. M.’s thoughts after his re- 
turn to Spain must have reverted 
often to Rome; see $ 15fin. In 
Rome he had suffered much (3), 
but the balance had been after all 
on the side of enjoyment. Of one 
phase of that enjoyment, the pos- 
session of friends, M. is thinking 
especially. Thepoem then means: 
*Leaving Rome was worse than I 
thought; I didn't realize what I 
was going to lose by breaking the 
ties of my friendships at Rome. 
Verily, friendships are a nuisance; 


302 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


34 


[12. 34. 1 


Triginta mihi quattuorque messes 
tecum, si memini, fuere, Iuli, 
quarum dulcia mixta sunt amaris, 
sed iucunda tamen fuere plura, 


et si calculus omnis huc et illuc 


diversus bicolorque digeratur, 

vincet candida turba nigriorem. 
Si vitare velis acerba quaedam 
et tristes animi cavere morsus, 


IO 


nulli te facias nimis sodalem : 


gaudebis minus et minus dolebis. 


36 


Libras quattuor aut duas amico 


they make one suffer so at parting’. 
— Meter: § 49. 

1. Triginta... messes: see 
12.18. 16 N.. For messis = annus 
(metonymy) cf. 6. 70. 1; 10. 103. 7 
quattuor accessit tricesima messibus 
aestas. 

2. Iuli: for Iulius Martialis see 
1.15; 4.64; 5. 20. 1; etc. 

5-6. sicalculus...digeratur: 
for the custom of marking days 
with stones of different colors see 
9. 52. 4-5 N. — diversus bicolor- 
que: pred. nom., giving the result 
of huc et uc... digeratur; we 
may render, freély, ‘in two heaps 
so that the two colors show’. The 
two colors are white (for the Zu/cza 
and zucunda of 3-4), black (for the 
amara of 3).— For the dizresis in 
5 see § 49, d. 

8-12, The second person is gen- 
eralizing (we should say ‘one’); in 
such cases the subjv. is the usual 
mood; cf. note on 1. 15. 5. 


9. animi... morsus: torture 
of soul, due to separation, tempo- 
rary or permanent. 

10. sodalem: see 1.15.1 N.; 
7.86. 5; 2. 43. 15; IO. 104. 8. 

ir. gaudebis minus: i.e. ‘you 
(one) will lack the undeniable 
pleasures of friendship'. — minus 
dolebis: separation from persons 
not sodales will give no pain. 

36. M. reminds Labullus, a 
patronus otherwise unknown, who 
had perhaps boasted of his gener- 
osity, that his self-congratulation 
is not justified, for, measured by the 
standards of the past, his generos- 
ity becomes downright meanness. 
— Meter: § 49. 

1. Libras: sc. argenti; silver 
plate was a common present, e.g. 
at the Saturnalia. Cf. 2. 44. 1-2; 
2. 76. 1; 7. 86. 7; 8. 71. 1-2 quattuor 
argenti libras mihi tempore brumae 
misisti; 10. 15. 7—8; 10. 57. 1-2. The 
value of such plate was estimated by 


12. 36. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


303 


algentemque togam brevemque laenam, 
interdum aureolos manu crepantes 
possint ducere qui duas Kalendas, 

5 quod nemo, nisi tu, Labulle, donas, 
non es, crede mihi, bonus. Quid ergo? 
ut verum loquar, optimus malorum es. 
Pisones Senecasque Memmiosque 


weight; the weight was sometimes 
engraved on the plate itself; cf. 
C. L. L. 3. 1. 1769; Petr. 31 Zegebant 
asellum duae lances, in quarum 
marginibus nomen Trimalchionis 
inscriptum erat et argent pondus; 
Fried. SG. 3. 123-124; 163 ff. — 
The accusatives in 1-3 are objects 
of (donat...) denas, 5.— quat- 
tuor... duas: i.e. only four, just 
two. 

2. algentem...togam:a toga 
so thin that it freezes itself! how 
can it keep any one warm? Cf. 4. 
34. 2 quisquis te niveam dicit habere 
togam ; 14. 135. 2 cum teget algentes 
alba lacerna togas; contrast suda- 
trix toga, 12. 18. 5 N. —brevem 
... laenam: the deena was a gar- 
ment of the sagzzz or lacerna type 
(see 2. 29. 3 N. ; 2. 43. 7), not easy 
to distinguish from the /acerza. It 
was heavier than the toga and 
seems to have been worn over it, 
or even over the /acerna, perhaps 
as a weather garment. Under the 
Empire it was used as a thick warm 
outer garment instead of the toga. 
It might be of various colors, and 
was held in place by a brooch or 
clasp at the shoulder. Cf.Iuv. 3. 
282-284 quamvis improbus annis 
atque mero fervens cauet hunc quem 
coccina laena vitari iubet et comitum 
longissimus ordo; Pers. 1. 32 circum 
umeros hyacinthina laena est; Beck. 
3.221.— breve m: too short for 
style or warmth; cf. drevis toga, 
IO. 15.7; Zogu/a, 4. 26. 4; etc. 


3. aureolos...crepantes: 
cf. 5. I9. 14 qui crepet aureolos for- 
san unus erit. Theaureus, a gold 
coin equivalent to 100 seszertz or 
25 denarii,corresponded to an Eng- 
lish sovereign or to an American 
half-eagle. See Hultsch 308 ff.; Hill, 
Handbook 54. The dim. marks M.’s 
contempt (see on 4. 26. 4; 5. 37. 20); 
the noun thus plays the róle played 
by the adjectives in 1-2. On the 
other hand manu crepantes, which 
suggests that the money was real (it 
rang true), plays the part filled by 
the nouns of 1-2. We thus get very 
pleasing as well as subtle variety. 

4. ducere = producere, protra- 
here; we may, however, render by 
last, endure, as if the verb were here 
intransitive. Cf. 4.66. 4 duxit... 
aestates synthesis una decem. The 
vs. is artificial; M. might have said, 
more simply, quibus possis ducere 
duas tantum Kalendas. See on 
catenati . . . labores, 1. 15. 7. — 
Kalendas = menses (synecdoche). 

5. nemo: sc. dozat; quod nemo, 
nisi tu, Labulle, donat is the com- 
moner form. 

6. non... mihi: cf. 1. 41. 2. 

gy. ut... loquar, ¢o speak 
plainly, not to mince matters. See 
A. 532; GL. 545, Rem. 3; L. 1962. 
—optimus... es: forthe thought 
cf. Sen. Ep. 79. 11 ec enim bonitas 
est pessimis esse meliorem. 

8. Pisones: the Pisones, 
though of a plebeian gens, consti- 
tuted an old and very illustrious 


304 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 36. 9 


et Crispos mihi redde, sed priores : 
10. fies protinus ultimus bonorum. 

Vis cursu pedibusque gloriari ? 

Tigrim vince levemque Passerinum : 

nulla est gloria praeterire asellos. 


39 


Odi te, quia bellus es, Sabelle: 
res est putida bellus et Sabellus ; 


family. M. is thinking of its last 
great representative, C. Calpur- 
nius Piso, after whom the great 
conspiracy against Nero in 65 was 
named; see $9; Fried. SG. r. 
249ff.; Merivale chap. 53. This 
Piso was noted for his liberality ; 
see Tac. Ann. 15. 48. There ap- 
pears no reason to doubt that the 
liberality of the patrons had been 
steadily diminishing for a gener- 
ation; see Fried. SG. 1. 381. — 
Senecas: see $ 9; 1. 61. 7 N.; 4. 
40. 1-2 atria Pisonum stabant cum 
stemmate toto et docli Senecae ter 
numeranda domus. The three 
Senecas alluded to in 4.40, as 
perhaps here also, were the phi- 
losopher, an older brother Junius 
Gallio, and a younger brother 
Annaeus Mela. Junius Gallio is 
believed to be the proconsul of 
Achaia before whom St. Paul ap- 
peared at Corinth (Acts 18. 12); 
see e.g. Teuffel, § 268.7. To the 
philosopher M. probably owed his 
Nomentanum ; see $ 10. — Mem- 
mios: C. Memmius Regulus, 
consul in 63, was prob. in M.'s 
thoughts. 

9. Crispos: see 4. 54.7 N. 
With Pisones ... Crispos cf. Iuv. 
5. 108-111 nemo petit (nunc) modi- 
cis quae mittebantur amicis a Se- 
neca, quae Piso bonus, quae Cotta 
solebat largiri, namque et titulis et 


Jascibus olim maior habebatur. do- 
nandi gloria. — priores: none of 
their stingy descendants, but lib- 
eral givers like to those of the 
good old days. For Seneca’s idea 
of liberality cf. e.g. Ben. 2. 1. 1 s 
demus quomodo vellemus accipere, 
ante omnia libenter, cito, sine ulla 
dubitatione, 2.1.2 proximus esta 
negante qui dubitavit. Publilius 
Syrus has 4s dat qui cito dat. 
11-13. ‘Would you win true 
fame as a benefactor? Be willing 
then to outdo worthy contestants’. 
—Tigrim... Passerinum: 
famous race-horses; see 7. 7. 8-10. 
On the public furor over such ani- 
mals see Fried. SG. 2. 335 ff. — 
levem, ZegAt-footed, swift.— asel- 
los: dim. of contempt; see on az- 
reolos, 3. For the thought cf. Hor.« 
8. 1. 1. 90-91 infelix operam per- 
das, ut si quis asellum in Campo 
doceat parentem. currere. frenis ? 
M. is not thinking of the stupidity 
of the ass, but of his lack of speed. 
39. M. jeers at Sabellus (see 
7. 85; 9. 19), playing on his name. 
Note the similarity of verse termi- 
nation, after the manner of Catul- 
lus (see on r. 109. 1; 2. 41. 3-4). 


— Meter: $ 49. 
1. bellus: see 1. 9, with notes; 
3.63. 


2. putida, rotten, decaying, and 
so disgusting; the word perhaps 


12. 54: 1] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


305 


bellum denique malo quam Sabellum. 
Tabescas utinam, Sabelle, belle ! 


Difficilis facilis, iucundus acerbus es idem: 
nec tecum possum vivere nec sine te. 


5I 


Tam saepe nostrum decipi Fabullinum 
miraris, Aule? semper homo bonus tiro est. 


Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, lumine laesus 


suggests that Sabellus was suffer- 

‘ing from some offensive malady, a 
result of excesses ; tabescas, 4, may 
point the same way (but see note 
there). In 3. 98; 6. 33; 12. 43, a 
Sabellus, perhaps the man named 
here, is described as filthy and li- 
centious. — bellus: sc. homo. 

3. bellum... Sabellum: M. 
works to a climax; ‘in short (de- 
mque) Sabellus is worse than a 
bellus homo’. One may, however, 
get a far better effect by seeing a 
play on dellum, ‘war’; ‘I prefer 
war with all its horrors to Sabellus’. 

4. Tabescas: see on putzda, 2 
The inference there stated is of 
course not inevitable; the vs. may 
be only a sort of informal devotio. 
— Tabescas ... belle is as oxy- 
moric as ¢aées bella would be. This 
view seems more effective than 
the other interpretation (good as 
that is), got by omitting the comma 
after Sabel/e and taking de//e as 
adjective. 

46. On a testy friend. — 
Meter: § 48. 

i. Difficilis, captious, hard bo 
get along with. 


2. nec tecum... sine te: cf. 
Ov. Am. 3. 11. 39 sze ego nec sine te 
nec tecum vivere possum; Hor. C. 
3. 9. 24 (‘spite of your faults’) Zecum 
vivere amem, tecum obeam libens. 

51. ‘Good men are ever unso- 
phisticated'. — Meter: § 52. 

2. Aule: see 9. 81. t. — tiro: a 
greenhorn among sharpers; prop. 
a raw recruit among veterans. 

54. A pen picture of Zoilus. 
See 2. 16; z. 19; z. 58. — Meter: 
$ 48. 

i. Crine ruber = zz/zs. Red 
hair is proper to one who had been 
a slave; cf. the conventional red- 
haired wigs and masks worn by 
the actors who personated slaves 
in comedy (see e.g. Ter. Phorm. 51). 
— niger ore — nigra facie,swarthy. 
Perhaps M. is hinting that this 
nigra facies is but a reflection of 
the malignity of the inner man. 
Cf. Hor. S. 1. 4. 85 ic niger est, 
hunc tu, Romane, caveto, and the 
secondary meaning of pédas.— 
brevis pede: one (foot =) leg is 
shorter than the other. As manus 
often = ‘arm’, so fes often = ‘leg’, 
or = crus, the lower part of the 


306 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 54. 2 


rem magnam praestas, Zoile, si bonus es. 


Cur saepe sicci parva rura Nomenti 

laremque villae sordidum petam quaeris ? 

Nec cogitandi, Sparse, nec quiescendi 

in urbe locus est pauperi: negant vitam 
5 ludi magistri mane, nocte pistores, 

aerariorum marculi die toto ; 


leg. — lumine laesus perhaps — 
luscus; perhaps, however, the refer- 
ence is to a disfigurement that re- 
sulted from injury, or even from 
punishment inflicted on him while 
he was a slave. 

z rem... praestas, you are 
a veritable miracle.—si...es: 
Le. ‘if in spite of such an exterior 
you are a man of morals’, 

57- ‘The poor man has no ad- 
equate relief from the noises of the 
town’. — Meter, § 52. 

1. sicci. . . Nomenti: on M.'s 
Nomentanum see 2. 38. I N.; etc. 
Sici indicates that the soil was 
unproductive, for the water supply 
was poor; see 9. I8. 5 N. — parva 
rura: see 9. 18. 2; 9. 97. 7. There 
was little at the Nomentanum, and 
that little was but mediocre. 

2. larem . . . sordidum: for 
lar (ares) see 1. 70. 2 N.; 1. 76. 2; 
9. 18. 2; etc. — sordidum logically 
modifies vz//ae rather than /arem ; 
for its meaning see IO. 96. 4 N. 

3. cogitandi: on the time- 
stealing exactions of life in town 
see Plin. Ep. 1.9; Hor. Ep. 2.2.65- 
80 (the latter passage ends with zz 
me inter strepitus nocturnos atque 
diurnos vis canere et contracta se- 
quivestigia vatum ?).— quiescendi 
includes freedom from such noises 
as preclude literary work, but pri- 
marily refers to opportunity to 


sleep; cf. then 10.74. 12 N.; 12. 18. 
15-16 N. Plin. Ep. 9.6.1 welcomes 
the Ludi Circenses only because 
they attracted such crowds that the 
town was quiet enough to admit of 
some literary work. The extreme 
narrowness of the streets and the 
tendency of shopkeepers to en- 
croach more and more on the high- 
way itself added to the press and 
the resulting confusion and noise; 
see Fried. SG. 1. 27 ff. 

4. vitam: ie. such life as is 
worth the living; see 1. 15.4, 12 N. 

5. ludi magistri mane: see 
9. 68, with notes. — mane, nocte 
together give the parts of the night 
and so together balance e toto, 6; 
we need not be troubled because 
M. does not mention these parts 
in proper sequence. — pistores, 
bakers, who had then, as now, to 
prepare their wares in the night. 
They seem also to have cried their 
wares before daylight; see 14. 223. 
1—2 surgite: dam vendit fueris ien- 
tacula pistor cristataeque sonant 
undique lucis aves, — Note the 
chiasmus. 

6. aerariorum, braszers,copper- 
smiths.—marculi: acomparatively 
rare word; cf. Lucil. 1165-1166. 
Marx (=1181-1182 Lachmann) z 
velut in fabrica ferveus cum mar- 
culus ferrum. tinnitu multo cum 
magnis ,.. ictibus tundit. 


12. 57. 12] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


307 


hinc otiosus sordidam quatit mensam 
Neroniana nummularius massa, 
illinc palucis malleator Hispanae 

10 tritum nitenti fuste verberat saxum ; 
nec turba cessat entheata Bellonae, 
nec fasciato naufragus loquax trunco, 


7. otiosus, Jouzgzng; he spends 
much of his time waiting for cus- 
tom. — sordidam, arty, whether 
in the literal sense, orin the figura- 
tive, mean, paltry.— quatit men- 
sam: when business is dull, the 
nummularius (8) shakes the table 
and the coins, that the chink of the 
money may attract the attention of 
possible customers. The man is a 
money-changer (at least this is the 
usual sense of zummularzus); his 
table is in the open air. Money- 
changers were frequently called 
mensarit. See Marq.-Wissowa 2. 
66 ff. 

8. Neroniana... massa, wth 
his supply of money of Nero’s coinage; 
massa, prop. ‘lump’, ‘bar’, ‘ingot’, 
is frequently used of money in quan- 
tity; cf. the etymology and uses of 
‘bullion’. Itis probable that Nero’s 
coinage is singled out for mention 
because he debased the currency. 
He reduced the denarius to gg Ib. 
(3-41 gr.) of silver, the aureus to 
7.4 gr. of gold. From Augustus's 
time the aureus had contained 7.8 
gr. of gold; this again was the aver- 
age weight long after Nero’s time 
(Hultsch 311; 318; Hill, Handbook 
53-54). After the old coinage had 
been restored, the mensariz were 
doubtless often called upon tomake 
exchange between the debased and 
the better currency. The debased 
coinage on the table of this man is 
a part of the characterization of the 
small curb-stone broker. /Vero- 
niana ... massa seems to be abl. 


of char., with the usual adjectival 
force (‘tricky’,‘cheating’). P.and 
S., however, thinking that a money- 
changer could not make noise 
enough to interfere with sleep, in- 
terpret zzummularius of a ‘coiner’, 
striking out coins with hammer and 
die. This agrees well with 9-10, 
and makes JVeroziaza .. . massa 
an easy instr. abl., but there seems 
no authority for taking zzzumula- 
vius as *coiner'. 

9. palucis, gold-dust. Thisisa 
Spanish word, of uncertain spelling; 
see Harper's Latin Lexicon s.v. 
Ballux. See App. Hultsch thinks, 
perhaps rightly, that this man ham- 
mered Spanish gold-dust into leaves 
of gold which he used for gilding. 
On the word see Cooper, § 17. 

10. tritum, worn, i.e. by the fz- 
sis. — nitenti, i.e. bright with the 
particles of gold adhering to it. — 
fuste, deetle, of wood. 

11. entheata — fanatica, an epi- 
thet applied to priests of Cybele, 
Isis, Serapis, and Bellona. Cf. 11. 
84. 4 furit ad Phrygios enthea turba 
modos, with notes ; Iuv. 6. 511—512 
ecce. furentis Bellonae matrisque 
deum chorus intrat. See Preller- 
Jordan z. 386. On the word see 
Cooper, $ 8o. 

12. fasciato...trunco:acom- 
mon street sight in antiquity was 
the shipwrecked sailor, real or pre- 
tended, begging alms, sometimes 
singing or telling his tale of woe. 
Such beggars often carried a piece 
of the wrecked vessel or a picture 


308 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 57. 13 


a matre doctus nec rogare Iudaeus, 
nec sulphuratae lippus institor mercis. 


15 Numerare pigri damna quis potest somni ? 
dicet quot aera verberent manus urbis, ‘ 


of the wreck; cf. Pers. 1. 88-90 men 
moveat (naufragus) ?... cantet sz 
naufragus, assem protulerim ? can- 
tas, cum fracta te in trabe pictum 
ex umero portes? Yuv.14, 301-302 
mersa rate naufragus assem dum 
rogat et picta se tempestate tuetur; 
Phaedr. 4. 22. 24-25 ceter tabulam 
suam portant rogantes victum. Here 
Jasciato . . . trunco is commonly in- 
terpreted of a picture of the ship- 
wreck painted on a fragment of the 
lost vessel, wrapped in bands to 
protect it. But the picture would 
have effectiveness only because 
uncovered and visible to every 
passer-by. Besides, rzzcus is com: 
monly used not of a fragment of 
anything, but of the thing from 
which a part is cut, e.g. of the trunk 
stripped of branches, not of the 
several branches. Further, on this 
view it is difficult, if not impossible, 
to explain the syntax of fasciato. . . 
trunco. It is better, then, to regard 
the phrase as an abl. of character- 
istic, to render by ‘the wordy 
mariner of the swathed (bandaged) 
body’, and to suppose that the 
man, feigning great bodily injury, 
has his body wrapped in bandages, 
pretending, perhaps, to have lost 
an arm oraleg. Fora similar trick 
cf. 7. 39. 5-9 quam ( podagram) dum 
volt nimis adprobare veram et sanas 
Hnit obligatque plantas inceditgue 
gradu laborioso . . . desit (= destit) 
fingere Caelius podagram (i.e. he 
became lame in very fact). 

13. a... Iudaeus: in the Latin 
poets the Jew is a professional beg- 
gar or fortune-teller; see Fried. 
SG. 3. 617 ff. Because of prejudice 


and enactments against them, esp. 
after the destruction of Jerusalem 
by Titus, they were virtually forced 
to beg in order to live. Cf. Iuv. 3. 
13-16 nunc sacri foutis nemus et 
delubra. locantur. Judaeis, quorum 
cophinus faenumque supellex, om- 
nis enim populo mercedem pendere 
iussa est arbor et edectis mendicat 
sva Camenis. 

14. sulphuratae . . . mercis: 
see I. 4I. 4-5 N. — institor, 7ed- 
dier; cf. 7. 61. 1 Ov. A. A. 1. 421- 
422 instzlor ad dominam veniet 
discinctus emacem, expediet merces 
teque sedente suas; Hor. C. 3. 6. 30. 
— lippus: see on 8.9.2. Here, 
however, the Z22ztudo may be due 
to the sulphur fumes, if the zstitor 
mended broken glassware (see on 
I. 4I. 4-5). 

15. pigri... somni: sleepsuch 
as a man enjoys who thinks that he 
has a right to be lazy and to livea 
life of inglorious ease. Cf. 12. 62. 
1-2 antiqui rex magne poli mun- 
digue prioris, sub quo pigra quies 
nec labor ullus erat. The question * 
serves as protasis to 16; ‘if any 
man tells... he will also be able 
to tell', etc. 

16. quot... urbis: ie. how 
many tinkling cymbals or brazen 
instruments are used in Rome to 
exorcise the evil spirits that, as 
men believe, have bewitched Luna. 
Cf. Iuv. 6. 442 ff.; Liv. 26. 5. 9; 
Ov. M. 4. 332 ff. ; Tib. 1. 8. 21 ff.; 
'Tac. Ann. 1. 28; etc. The din was 
intended to drown out the incan- 
tations by which the magicians 
(cf. 17) had affected the moon and 
so to break their spell. 


12. 57. 23] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


309 


cum secta Colcho Luna vapulat rhombo. 
Tu, Sparse, nescis ista nec potes scire, 
Petilianis delicatus in regnis, 

20 cui plana summos despicit domus montes 
et rus in urbe est vinitorque Romanus 
— nec in Falerno colle maior autumnus — 
intraque limen clausus essedo cursus, 


17. Colcho . rhombo: ie. 
is tortured and sorely wounded by 
the magician's circle or wheel. — 
Colcho: because Medea, famed 
for her magic skill, was a Colchian, 
Colchus or Colchicus = magicus ; 
see 3. 58. 16 N.— vapulat: forthe 
meaning see on 10. 62. 9. — rhombo 
(cf. pouBos): cf. 9. 29.9—10 guae nunc 
Thessalico lunam deducere rhombo 
...sctet, The Latin name for the 
rhombus was turbo; cf. e.g. Hor. 
Epod. 17.7, with Smith'snote. The 
turbo was a small lozenge-shaped 
board, to one end of which was at- 
tacheda cord ; itwas whirled round 
and round to make. a loud buzz- 
ing noise; the witch meanwhile 
chanted herincantations. The in- 
strument (known as a ‘bull-roarer’) 
is still in use in this way among un- 
civilized peoples. 

19. Petilianis...regnis: see 
12. 31. 8 N. Though the estate of 
Petilius had passed into the hands 
of Sparsus, still, after a custom 
which to this day has abundant 
illustration, it is known by the 
name of him who conferred dis- 
tinction upon it by owning or in- 
habiting it. In Iuv. 3. 212-222 the 
magna Asturici domus seems now 
to be owned by a man named Per- 
sicus. The exact reference may 
be to Q. Petilius Cerialis Caesius 
Rufus, consul suffectus in 70 and 
again in 74 (Klein 43-44), or to his 
Son or brother, Q. Petilius Rufus, 


consul in 83 (Klein 47, N. 4). — de- 
licatus: i.e. living luxuriously ; see 
On 4. 50. 16. 

20. cui... domus: see 1. 117. 
7 N.—plana...domus:anobscure 
phrase. It seems least unsatisfac- 
tory to say that the adj. carries the 
main thought; the sense is then 
*the levels (roof) of your house 
(palace) look down on the moun- 
tain tops’; cf. then 4.64. 10-12, with 
notes. 

21. rus in urbe: ie. country 
enjoyed in town ; cf. 8. 68. 1-2 gui 
Corcyraei vidit pomaria regis, rus, 
Entelle, tuae praeferet ille domus; 
3. 58. 45. This ras in urbe was 
apparently as large as that of Iulius 
Martialis (4. 64) was small; it had 
ground enough for a large vineyard 
(22) and an ample gestatzo (23). On 
the great ortz in Rome see 6. 8o. 
3 N.; 3. 58. 2-4. — Romanus = 
urbanus, n urbe ipsa. A far com- 
moner epithet of a vzzzZor in Italy 
would be Campanus. 

22. Falerno colle: see 4. 69. 
I N.; 5.64. 1.—autumnus = zzz- 
demia, vintage; cf. 3.58. 7. 

23. limen: ie.of the range of 
buildings or of the estate. Cf. 12. 
50. 5 (on a highly ornamental man- 
sion) pulvereumque fugax hipfo- 
dromon ungula plaudtt.— clusus: 
freely, ‘private’. The other read- 
ing, Jatzs, ‘spacious’, also yields a 
good sense. See App.— essedo: 
see 4. 64. 19 N. —cursus: ie. 


310 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 57. 24 


et in profundo somnus, et quies nullis 
25 offensa linguis, nec dies nisi admissus. 
Nos transeuntis risus excitat turbae, 
et ad cubile est Roma. Taedio fessis 
dormire quotiens libuit, imus ad villam. 


Maiae Mercurium creastis Idus, 
Augustis redit Idibus Diana, 
Octobres Maro consecravit Idus : 


gestatio, curriculum (hippodromos), 
porticus; see on I. 12. 5. 

24. in profundo somnus: cf. 
the quietude of the Ianiculum; see 
4.64.18-23. Evenata distance from 
the city great pains were taken to 
insure easy sleep; cf.e.g. Plin. Ep. 
z. 17. 22 (of a cubiculum in his villa 
at Laurentum) zoz maris murmur, 
non tempestatum motus, non fulgu- 
rum lumen ac ne diem quidem sentit, 
nisi fenestris apertis. 

25. dies = /ux diez. Plin. Ep. 
9. 36. 1-2, writing of his life on his 
Tuscan estate, says: evigilo cum 
“but... clausae fenestrae manent 
... cogito... notarium voco et die 
admisso quae formaveram dicto. — 
admissus: freely, with your con- 
sent. 

26. excitat — expergefacit; cf. 
Plaut. Mer. 160 dormientis specta- 
dores metuis ne ex sommo excites? 
C£. note on excitatus, 5.14. 3. 

28. imus ad villam: cf. Hor. 
Ep. i. 17. 6-8 sz fe grata quies et 
primam somnus in horam delectat, 
si de pulvis strepitusque rotarum, si 
laedit caupona, Ferentinum ire iu- 
bebo. — On the meter see § 52. 

67. Another tribute to Vergil. 
See on verses 3-4; § 33.— Meter: 
§ 49. 

ri. Maiae ... Idus: vocative. 
— Mercurium creastis: ie. for 


the Romans, esp. from the time 
when the first temple was dedicated 
to Mercury (then revered as the 
god of trade) on the Ides of May, 
299 B.C.; see C.I.L. i, p.393; Marq.- 
Wissowa 3. 367; 575. M. calls the 
festival observed annually on 
May 15 in honor of Mercury the 
dies natalis of the god ; cf. Fest. 148 
Maiis [dibus mercatorum dies festus 
erat, quod eo die Mercurii aedes esset 
dedicata. ; 

2. Augustis... Idibus: there 
was a festival of Diana on Au- 
gust 13. It was a slave's holiday; 
her temple on the Aventine was a 
slave’s sanctuary. Cf. Fest. 343 
servorum dies festus vulgo existi- 
matur Idus Aug., quod eo die Ser. 
Tullius, natus servus, aedem Dia? 
nae dedicaverit in Aventino. See 
Preller-Jordan 1. 316 ff.; Marq.- 
Wissowa 3. 581. For the form of 
the adj. 4ugustzs see on: Algidos, 
Io. 30. 6. — Diana here = ‘ Diana's 
festival'. 

3. Octobres... Idus: cf. Dona- 
tus(Suet.) Vita Verg. 2 zatus est Cn. 
Pompeio Magno M. Licinio Crasso 
primum consulibus Iduum Octo- 
brium die.— Maro consecravit: 
cf. Comparetti 49: “Vergil was 
then already (i.e. by M.’s time) the 
saint of poets; and, of all the apo- 
theoses of the Roman Empire, this 


12. 82. 3] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


311 


Idus saepe colas et has et illas, 
5 qui magni celebras Maronis Idus. 


Ne laudet dignos, laudat Callistratus omnes : 
cui malus est nemo, quis bonus esse potest ? 


Effugere in thermis et circa balnea non est 
Menogenen, omni tu licet arte velis. 
Captabit tepidum dextra laevaque trigonem, 


deification of Vergil, though ill- 
defined in its origin and exaggerated 
in its effects, was, without doubt, 
the only one inspired by a really 
generous sentiment”. Note that 
M. speaks as highly of Vergil as he 
does of Mercury and Diana. 

4. saepe colas: the’ subject 
may be wholly indefinite; still it is 
easy to think that M. had in mind 
Silius Italicus. Cf. 4.14,with notes; 
11. 48; 11. 5o. — has: the Ides of 
October. — illas: the Ides of May 
and August. For the custom of 
honoring the memory of a great 
man by observing his birthday cf. 
7.21, with notes; 7. 86. 1 N.; 10.27.1; 
luv. 5. 36-37 (vinum) quale coronati 
Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant Bru- 
torum et Cassi natalibus ; Sen. Ep. 
64.9 guidni ego magnorum virorum 
et imagines habeam incitamenta ant- 
mi et natales celebrem ? quidni ego 
illos honoris causa semper adpellem? 
M.’s regard for Vergil seems to 
have been something deeper than 
the high, but conventional, esteem 
in which his name was held by M.’s 
contemporaries; cf. 3. 38. 8; 5. 56. 
51 4. I4. I4 magno... Maroni; 11. 
52. 18 aeterno .. . Vergilio; 12. 3. 
I summo .. Maroni; 14. 186. 1 
inmensum ... Maronem (but see 
note there). 


80. ‘Callistratus praises with- 
out discrimination'. — Meter: $ 48. 

r. Ne...dignos: ‘that he may 
not praise the worthy ozZy', *that 
he may not confine his praise to the 
worthy’ (to do that is to run risk 
of offending those who are not 
praised); sarcastically interpreted, 
the clause — *that he may not 
praise the worthy at all'. This form 
of wit, which consists in a sarcastic 
ascription of purpose in a given 
act, a purpose which of course the 
actor never in fact entertained at 
all, appears elsewhere in Latin, e.g. 
several times in Horace. 

2. quis... potest: sc. e, a dat. 
of interest, ‘in the eyes of him’. 

82. On a persistent dinner- 
hunter, who resorts to the lowest 
means to gain his end. Cf. 2. 11; 
2. 14. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Effugere . . . non est: see 
on I2. 1I. 5; cf. II. 98. 1 effugere 
non est... basiatores. 

2. Menogenen: doubtless a 
freedman. — licet: cf. 1. 70. 17 N. 

3-4. Captabit... pilas: to 
translate this passage is easy 
enough, but our knowledge of Ro- 
man ways of playing ball is too lim- 
ited to enable us to interpret it with 
certainty. On the general subject 
see Beck. 3. 171 ff.; Marq. 841 ff.; 


312 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 82. 4 


inputet acceptas ut tibi saepe pilas, 


Smith D. of A. 2. 421 ff.; McDaniel 
Trans. Am. Phil. Ass. 37. 121-134. 
The ¢rigon (rpiywv) or pila trigo- 
nalis was a game played by three 
persons who stood in the form of 
an equilateral triangle. The ball 
used was the ordinary pz/a; each 
player had a ball. It would seem 
that a player might arbitrarily strike 
or throw the ball to either of the 
other two players (ie. there was 
no necessary routine of throws); 
hence, since a player might be 
compelled at any moment to handle 
two or even three balls simulta- 
neously or nearly so, to play the 
game well one must be as skillful 
with the left hand as with the right. 
Cf. 14. 46. 1-2 sz me (= pilam tri- 
gonalem) mobilibus scis expulsare 
sinistris, sum iua. Tu nescis? ru- 
stice, redde pilam. The phrase caf- 
tabit ... filas is grimly humorous; 
Menogenes carries his captatio so 
far that he is captator ipsarum 
farum !— tepidum, warm, in 
the sense of warming, causing per- 
spiration; bal and game are de- 
scribed in terms of their effects 
(transferred epithet). The ¢rigox 
was a very active game; hence the 
players stripped wholly or nearly 
so for the play. Cf. 4. 19. 5-9 sez 
lentum ceroma teris tepidumve tri- 
gona, sive harpasta manu pulveru- 
lenta rapis, plumea seu laxi partiris 
pondera follis.—inputet... pilas: 
the obscurity (see on 3) lies here. 
The vs. seems to = ‘that he may 
charge up his many catches against 
you’. It is clear that Menogenes 
helps some player by catching balls 
that the player ought himself to 
catch, and that he charges his skill 
in doing this against the player, 
as entitling him to a dinner. Ac- 
cording to Marq. 844 there were in 
the zrzgoz three persons, standing 


one behind each player, whose busi- 
ness it was to stop the balls missed 
and in the shortest possible time 
to get them back into the hands 
of the player, and three other 
persons to keep score; cf. C.LL. 
4. 1936 Amzanthus Epaphra Ter- 
Uus ludant; cum Jfedysto Lucundus 
Nolanus petat (i.e. collect the 
balls missed); szmeret Citus et 
Acus Amiantho; Petr. 27. In this 
view Menogenes is not a player at 
all, but a member of the second 
group of three; he assists one 
player by catching the balls that 
player misses. This is substan- 
tially McDaniel's view (published 
after the above was written; see 
Trans. Am. Phil. Ass. 37. 126-128); 
Menogenes is thus a ‘chaser’ 
or ‘backstop’, whose attentions 
it is impossible for the players 
to escape, particularly since such 
attentions, when rendered by the 
right person, were most helpful 
and welcome (as they are in tennis 
to-day). But it seems hardly likely 
that under such circumstances 
he would be called upon to display 
much skill and activity (cf. 3), un- 
less the man he is trying to assist 
wereaverypoorplayer. It remains 
then to suppose that Menogenes ià 
a player proper, who plays into the 
hands of his patron by displaying 
extraordinary activity and skill and 
thus taking, in place of the other, 
balls he might not be able to 
handle. For a hint of this view 
see Smith D. of A.2.425. But why 
does one who wants to escape Me- 
nogenes engage with him “in any- 
thing so voluntary as 4 game of 
ball? (McDaniel), and why should 
any one else enter into a game 
so unfairly conducted or remain 
therein? Finally, McDaniel (129- 
130) interprets the passage cited 


12. 82. 9] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


313 


5 colliget et referet laxum de pulvere follem, 
et si iam lotus, iam soleatus erit ; 
lintea si sumes, nive candidiora loquetur, 
sint licet infantis sordidiora sinu ; 
exiguos secto comentem dente capillos 


above from C.LL. 4. 1936 some- 
what differently. — inputet: cf. 12. 
48. 13 Znputet ipse deus nectar mihi, 
fiet acetum, *let Jupiter charge 
against me ...(and) it will become’, 
etc. —acceptas, caught, znter- 
cepted; accipere pilam was a tech- 
nical phrase, like our *catch a ball’. 

5. colliget...follem: another 
way of playing ball, practiced ap- 
parently in an open court (cf. de 
pulvere) with the follzs, a large but 
light ball, filled merely with air; cf., 
then, the modern basket-ball. This 
light ball was struck by the fist or 
palm or forearm, affording exercise 
less violent than that given by the 
trigon, and so adapted to the needs 
of boys and older men; cf. 14. 47. 
1-2 ite procul, zuvenes ; mitis mihz 
(= folii) convenit aetas ; folle decet 
pueros ludere, folle senes. The man 
Menogenes is helping is old.— 
colliget et referet, zw:/ pick out 
of the dirtand return to the player. 
Colliget ... follem involves zeugma, 
since co/Zigere . . . fol/em is not a 
natural phrase; M. is thinking 
rather of colligere pulverem, ie. 
the vs. = follem laxum tam arden- 
ter referet ut pulverem ipsum colli- 
gat.—laxum: this adj. is regularly 
used of the /o/As as soft, spread- 
ing; Cf. 4. 19. 7, cited on 3; 14. 45. 
1-2 (on the pila paganica) haec 
quae difficili turget paganica pluma 
folle minus laxa est et minus arta 
pila. 

6. et si, although. — iam lotus 

. soleatus: ie. already bathed 
and dressed for dinner; he will 
not hesitate to risk spoiling hie 


best clothes. —-soleatus: see 3. 50. 
3N. 
7. lintea . . . sumes: ie. to 
rub down, after exercise and bath 
are both over. Lintea = mantelia 
(mantilia), towels brought to the 
bath by slaves for the master's 
use; cf. Ap. M. 1.23 ac simul ex 
promptuario oleum unctui et lintea 
lersui ac cetera huic eidem usui 
profer ociter et hospitem meum per- 
duc ad proximas balneas; Petr. 28 
?"aque intravimus balneum . . . iam 
Trimalchio unguento perfusus ter- 
gebatur, non linteis, sed palltis ex 
lana mollissima factis. —nive can- 
didiora (esse); cf. 4.42. 5 sz nzve 
candidior; $. 37. Ó N.; 7. 33. 2 can- 
didior prima... nive; Catull. 8o. 
1-2 quare rosea ista labella hiberna 
fant candidiora nive; repeatedly in 
Ov., e.g. Am. 3. 5. IL candidior nivi- 
bus. We may supply esse or take 
loquetur asin 1. 61. 8; 10. 96. 1 and 
candidiora as pred. accusative to 
ea = lintea. 

8. licet: as in 2. — sinu: the 
front of an infant's outer garment; 
freely, 625. 

9. exiguos .. . capillos: 
*though the locks you are comb- 
ing with the toothed ivory are 
scanty indeed’. Jxzegues carries 
the emphasis. Note position of 
the adj. and the noun at the ends 
of the verse; see on argus... 
Iibellis, 1. 1. 3. — dente: collective 
sing., = ectine (synecdoche). Itis 
possible also to take dente as — 
‘ivory’; cf. 5. 37. 5 N. In either 
case secto = cut, sawn. Combs were 
often made of boxwood. 


314 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 82. 10 


Io dicet Achilleas disposuisse comas ; 
fumosae feret ipse tropin de faece lagonae, 
frontis et umorem colliget usque tuae ; 
omnia laudabit, mirabitur omnia, donec 


ro. Achilleas . . . comas: M. 
may be thinking of the tradition 
told e.g. by Hyg. Fab. 96 that 
Thetis, mother of Achilles, to keep 
him out of the Trojan War, sent 
him in his early boyhood to the 
court of Lycomedes king of Scy- 
ros, to grow up there in female at- 
tire among the daughters of the 
king. Here his hair grew long. 
Cf. 5. 48. 5-6 la/s deprensus 
Achilles deposuit gaudens, matre 
dolente, comas. Homer gives. to 
Achilles, as to the other heroes, 
£av6ij kóum, fair golden hair, which, 
because it was in fact less familiar 
to the Homeric people than dark 
hair, was accounted the ideal of 
youthful beauty. Again, in Ho- 
mer certain of the Greeks are 
kapmkouómvres, long-haired. M. 
may be thinking of all this, or of 
the convention of the Greco- 
Roman stage by which all fighting 
men were represented as long- 
haired; cf. Plaut. Mil. Glor. 61-64 
rogitabant (me mulieres) “Hicine 
Achilles est 2"... Zmmo eius fra- 
ter”, inquam, “est”. lí illarum 
altera ‘Ergo mecastor pulcher est" 
inquit mihi “et liberalis: vide cae- 
saries ( hair") guam decet!" Inart 
Achilles is generally represented 
with his helmet on, so that his hair 
is for the most part concealed. In 
an Attic vase-painting of the sixth 
century B.C., in which Achilles and 
Ajax are represented as playing a 
game of backgammon (?), Achilles's 
hairis abundant, hanging below the 
helmet (see Schreiber-Anderson 
Pl XXXVI, Fig. 8). 

ir. fumosae: amphorae care- 
fully pitched (see 11. 18. 24N.) were 


exposed to the smoke and heat 
of the bath-room furnace, because 
this process was supposed to has- 
ten the mellowing of the wine ; cf. 
7. 79. 3 N.5 Ov. F. 5. 518 promit 
Jumoso condita vina cado; Hor. C. 
3. 8. 9-12 Ax dies anno redeunte 
festus corticem adstrictum pice di- 
movebit amphorae fumum bibere 
institutae consule. Tullo. —feret 
ipse: he will do a slave's work. — 
tropin de faece: the very dregs of 
the dregs, the residuum at the very 
bottom of the amphora, which is 
compared to bilge-water in the 


.bottom of a ship (cf. rpéms = 


carina, keel. The point of this 
vs. cannot be clearly determined. 
Can feret — auferet (see on 1.4.2), 
and is the meaning that he will 
carry away the dregs asif they were 
a treasure (to be drunk later, as 
Santra carries off food to be eaten 
later: see 7. 20)? Zpse will then 
suggest that the patron drinks the 
rest. Still, fere¢ may merely mean 
‘will endure’, ‘will put up with’. 
— faece: see I. 103. ON. 

12. frontis . . . tuae: editors 
generally take this verse in close 
connection with rr and suppose 
that the Zrog/s was rubbed on the 
patron's skin or taken by him asan 
emetic, with /rozis umor as the 
result. In this case Menogenes 
carries the lees for another's use. 
But 12 need not have any connec- 
tion at all with 11; the vs. is most 
effective if taken by itself, as a 
crowning example of Menogenes’s 
sycophancy. — usque: see 9. 48. 
4N.; Menogenes can never be 
moderate in his services; for him 
ne quid nimis has no meaning. 


12. 94. 6] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


315 


perpessus dicas taedia mille * Veni!" 


902 


Saepe rogare soles qualis sim, Prisce, futurus, 
si fiam locuples simque repente potens. 

Quemquam posse putas mores narrare futuros ? 
dic mihi, si fias tu leo, qualis eris ? 


94 


Scribebamus epos ; coepisti scribere: cessi, 
aemula ne starent carmina nostra tuis ; 
transtulit ad tragicos se nostra Thalia cothurnos : 
aptasti longum tu quoque syrma tibi ; 
s filalyrae movi Calabris exculta Camenis : 
plectra rapis nobis, ambitiose, nova ; 


14. Veni: ie. to dinner (cf. 11. 
52.2 N.); abruptly said in self- 
defense ; we should have expected 
rather a curse. 

92. M. answers a hypothetical 
question of Priscus by asking one 
himself. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. Prisce: probably Terentius 
Priscus (see 8. 12. 3 N. ; 12. 4), de- 
spite Friedlander’s objections. 

4. qualis eris: for the ind. 
after the imv. dic zz, whereas in 
I after rogare soles we have the 
subjv., see on 6.8. 6; 6. 88. 3. 

94. ‘Imitation is the sincerest 
form of flattery, but, Tucca, it can 
be carried too far'. — Meter: § 48. 

1. Scribebamus epos: placed 
at the head of the various depart- 
ments of literature; so Quint. 1o. 
I. 46; 10. 1. 85 places epic at the 
head of Greek and Latin literature. 

2. This vs. is not to be taken 
too seriously. 

3. transtulit . . . cothurnos 
may well = ‘I shifted from comedy 
to tragedy’, ie. ‘I tried comedy, 


then tragedy’; in that case he says 
nothing of Tucca's comedies. But 
nostra Thalia need mean no more 
than ‘my poetic genius’ (cf. 4. 8. 
I2; 7. 17. 4) ; in that case comedy 
is not mentioned at all here or any- 
where else in the epigram, unless 
it is suggested by e2zgrammata, 9. 
For the language of this vs. see 8. 3. 
I3 N.; 8. 18. 7; 5. 3o. 1 Varro, So- 
phocleononinfitiande cothurno; Ov. 
Tr. 2. 393 ¢mpia nec tragicos tetzgis- 
set Scylla cothurnos; Am. I. 15. 15. 

4. longum . . . syrma: see 4. 
49. 8 N. 

5. fila lyrae movi = lyrica 
(carmina) scripsi; lyric poetry was, 
in theory, written to be sung or 
chanted. — Calabris... Came- 
nis: see 8.18. 5 N.— Camenis: see 
4. I4. IO N. 

6. plectra: the Z/e£rum (cf. 
TAHRKTpov, wARTTwW) was a quill or 
stick, generally of ivory or gold, 
used to strike (pick) the chords 
of the Zyza (‘lyre’); cf. e.g. Hor. C. 
2. 13. 26-28 et te sonantem. plenius 


316 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[12. 94.7 


audemus saturas: Lucilius esse laboras ; 
ludo leves elegos: tu quoque ludis idem. 
Quid minus esse potest? epigrammata fingere coepi : 
10 hinc etiam petitur iam mea palma tibi. 
Elige quid nolis — quis enim pudor omnia velle ? — 
et si quid non vis, Tucca, relinque mihi. 


aureo, Alcaee, plectro dura nauis, 
dura fugae mala, dura belli, — 
rapis = eris; rapio and its com- 
pounds constantly suggest rude 
force and haste. — nobis may be 
construed with za2zs, or with zova, 
or with both; in any case the sense 
is *you snatch the quill out of my 
hands before I have had time to 
become accustomed to its use’. 

7. audemus saturas: under 
the Empire to write satire, at least 
such personal satire as Lucilius 
wrote, was dangerous; see Iuv. 1. 
151-171. Audemus may, however, 
have a very different point, i.e. it 
may mean that to venture another 
form of literature was to draw on 
himself once again Tucca’s rivalry ; 
that is a danger to make any man 
flinch! Forazdemzs cf. Hor. A. P. 
382, cited on 9, and Eng. ‘venture’ 
insimilar connections.— Lucilius: 
C. Lucilius, who died in 103 B.c. 
The date of his birth is disputed; 
he was born at Suessa Aurunca. 
He was a member of the Scipionic 
circle at Rome. That he was a 
writer of great vigor and boldness 
we know both from the extant 
fragments of his works and from 
the testimony of the ancient writ- 
ers themselves. He converted the 
miscellany or medley that had long 
been known as Satura intoa poem 
of which personal invective was an 
essentialfeature. Further, he made 
the heroic verse (the hexameter) 
the vehicle of that invective; in 
modern literatures the heroic verse 


of a given nation has become the 
v@hicle of its satire. Hence modern 
and ancient writers both regard 
Lucilius as the typical satirist. See 
e.g. Hor. S. 1. 4. 1-13; 2. 1. 62ff.; 
Quint. 10. 1. 93; Iuv. 1. 165-167; 
Pers. 1.114. Of his thirty books of 
Saturae about 1400 verses remain. 
M. thus naturally makes Lucilius 
rather than Persius or his friend 
Juvenal the typical satirist.— esse 
laboras: for the constr. cf. e.g. 10. 
3. 11 cur ego laborem notus esse tam 
prave? 

8. ludo: cf. 1. 113. 1; 8. 3. 2; 9. 
26.10. The verb particularly fits 
the erotic elegy of Ovid, Tibullus, 
and Propertius. 

9. minus: ie. lower in the 
literary scale. — epigrammata: 
for M.’s opinion of the epigram 
see 4. 49. — fingere, compose, a 
common meaning; cf. Hor. C. 4. 2. 
27-32 ego apis Matinae more modo- 
que... parvus carmina fingo; A.P, 
382 gui nescil versus tamen audet 
fingere; Suet. Tit. 3 (perztisszmus 
Titus erat) Latine Graecegue, vel in 
orando vel in fingendis poematibus. 

ro. mea palma: i.e. ‘my fame’, 
‘my reputation’; see IO. 50. I; IO. 
53: 4- 

ir. quis . . . velle: an ironical 
query, in sense an exclamation 
ratherthanaquestion; *'tisastrange 
modesty (i.e. 'tis no modesty at all) 
to wish',etc. Pudor prop.=‘regard 
for the proprieties’, such respect 
for public opinion as restrains one 
from doing wrong. 


[LIBER XIII] 
XENIA 


I 


Ne toga cordylis et paenula desit olivis 
aut inopem metuat sordida blatta famem, 
perdite Niliacas, Musae, mea damna, papyros : 
postulat ecce novos ebria bruma sales. 


I. On Books XIII-XIV see 
$13. They come in time between 
the Liber Spectaculorum and 


Book I of the Epigrams; they" 


were published at the Saturnalia 
of 84 or 85 (perhaps one collection 
appeared in each of these years). 
The separate pieces were intended 
as sentiments or labels attached to 
gifts at the Saturnalia or to favors 
given to guests at dinner; they 
thus represent the earliest stage of 
the epigram ($$ 22; 26), being in 
theory written on the gift itself. 
For such a purpose they would 
find a ready sale. Nearly all the 
Xenia are for presents that cater 
to the needs of the inner man. — 
Meter: $ 48. 

1. Ne... olivis: cf. 3.2. 4-5 N. 
— cordylis: see 3. 2. 4 N.; 11. 52.7. 
— paenula: see 1. 103. 5-6 N. 

2. aut... famem: cf. 14. 37. 2. 
—sordida: the //a//a loves dark, 
musty places.— Verses 1-2 perhaps 
mean ‘That fish and olives may 
have clothes, though I have none, 
thatroaches may have food, though 
I myself starve’. 

3. perdite... papyros: i.e. 
*inspire me to fill (destroy) paper 
enough to satisfy these demands". 


317 


— perdite: cf. 2. 1.4; 6. 64. 22-23 
audes praeterea quos nullus noverit 
in me scribere versiculos miseras 
et perdere chartas; luv. 1. 17-18 
stulta est clementia, cum tot ubique 
vatibus occurras, periturae parcere 
chartae; 7. 99 perit hic (in writing 
history) plus femporis atgue olei 
plus. In this sense ferire is the 
pass. of perdere; the use is a reflec- 
tion of the proverbial oeuz et ope- 
ram perdere; see Otto s.v. Oleum. 
— Niliacas...papyros: see 3. 2. 
4,7 N. The Nile valley was the 
chief source of papyrus. This was 
so abundant and cheap that it long 
held its place against parchment 
(membrana: see 1. 2. 3 N.; 1. 66.11) 
as asubstance on which books were 
written, spite of the superior ad- 
vantages of parchment (see on 14. 
188. 1r). — mea damna: i.e. both 
in paper and in time spent in filling 
it, with the secondary thought that 
the toil after all brings no adequate 
return. 

4. novos... sales: ie. a 
new collection of witticisms. The 
Saturnalia (see 4.14. 6-7) was a 
season of relaxation and festivity 
for all classes; wine flowed freely 
then. Cf. 14. 1.9 sed quid agam 


318 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[13.1.5 


5 Non mea magnanimo depugnat tessera talo 
senio nec nostrum cum cane quassat ebur ; 
haec mihi charta nuces, haec est mihi charta fritillus: 
alea nec damnum nec facit ista lucrum. 


potius madidis, Saturne, diebus; 

Stat. Silv. 1. 6. 1-7 (on the Kalen. 
dae Decembres) et Phoebus pater et 
severa Pallas et Musae procul ite 
Jeriatae: Lani vos revocabimus 
Kalendis, etc.; Sen. Ep. 18. 4 hoc 
multo fortius est, ebrio ac vomitante 
populo siccum ac sobrium esse (i.e. 
at the Saturnalia). mous see 
I. 41. 16; 7. 25. 3. 

5-6. ‘My gámbling stakes at 
the Saturnalia will be small, mere 
child's play’. On gambling at the 
Saturnalia see 4. 14. 6-8 N. — mea 

. talo: on Zesserae and /aZ see 4. 
14. QN. —mea...nostrum: such 
changeof numberis not uncommon, 
even in prose. — magnanimo... 
talo: i.e. gambling that is reckless, 
for high stakes. With the use of 
magnanimo cf. luv. 1. 88-89 alea 
quando hos animos (habuit) ? Note 
the fine double juxtaposition; the 
adjectives are brought together at 
the beginning of the verse, the 
nouns at the end, as in 11. 84. 3. 
See App.— depugnat: note the 
force of the prep. Forthe thought 
cf. Amm. Marc. 14. 6. 25 ex turba 
vero imae sortis et paupertinae... 
nonuulli...pugnaciter aleis cer- 
tant. —senio...ebur: ‘my dice- 
box concerns itself neither with the 
best nor with the worst throw’, ie. 
‘I donot gambleatall’.—senio, ¢he 
six-throw, the sice. The best throw 
with the tesserae (actus Venereus 
or Zasz/icus) was made when three 
sixes were turned up, the worst 
throw (canis, canicula, iactus dam- 
70545) was made when three aces 
(uniones) were tumed up. Cf. e.g. 
Pers. 3. 48-50 etenim id summum, 


quid dexter senio ferret scire, erat 
in voto, damnosa canicula quantum 
raderet. — cum cane: cum with 
abl. is used at times where e and 
the proper case (here the nom.) 
might be employed. In prose M. 
might have said zostrum ebur nec 
Senmio nec camis quassat.— ebur: 
the ivory dice-box (see on /z/z- 
lus, 7) or the dice themselves. 

7. nuces here has a double 
meaning: (1) sport, amusement 
(children played with nuts, esp. at 


_the Saturnalia, which was a school 


vacation; cf. the proverb reéin- 
quere nuces, ‘to come to man's es- 
tate’); (2) gains, from gambling 
(among children, and in friendly 
sport between older people, where 
money was not risked, nuts were 
often the stake), Cf. 4. 66. 15-16 
subposita est blando numquam tibi 
tessera talo, alea sed parcae sola 
fuere nuces; 14.19.1 adea parva 
nuces et non damnosa videtur. See 
Preller-Jordan 2. 17. — fritillus: 
see 4. 14. 8 N.; 5.84. 3. 

8. alea is to be taken in the* 
double sense of gambling and 
children's play; see on zzees, 7. — 
damnum...lucrum: common 
technical terms of business; cf. 
Eng. ‘profit’ and ‘loss’. See e.g. 
Hor. S. 2. 2. 95-96 grandes rhombi 
patinaegue grande ferunt una cum 
damno dedecus; Sen. Apocol. 12 fin. 
vosque in primis qui concussomagna 
parastis lucra fritillo; Pub. Syr. 
297 lucrum sine damno alterius feri 
non potest. 

3. ‘Talk about presents! 
Here’s a book full, and for but a 
few coppers’. — Meter: § 48. 


13. 3. 8] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


3 


319 


Omnis in hoc gracili Xeniorum turba libello 
constabit nummis quattuor empta tibi. 

Quattuor est nimium? poterit constare duobus 
et faciet lucrum bibliopola Tryphon. 

s Haec licet hospitibus pro munere disticha mittas, 

si tibi tam rarus, quam mihi, nummus erit. 

Addita per titulos sua nomina rebus habebis : 
praetereas, si quid non facit ad stomachum. 


1, gracili: here, as often, M. 
appears to use a word in a double 
sense, as (1) slender, slight, phys- 
ically (gracili... Zbello gives the 
effect of a double dim.), (2) szz- 
ple, unadorned in style. For the 
latter sense cf. Quint. 12. 10. 66 sed 
neque his tribus quasi formis (‘kinds 
of style’) Zuc/usa eloquentia est, nam 
Inter gracile validumque ter- 
tium aliquid constitutum est; Gell. 
6. 14. 1-3; Hendrickson, The Ori- 
gin and Meaning of the Ancient 
Characters of Style, A. J. P. 26. 
249—290, esp. 268-276, 288-289. 

2. constabit: see I. 103. ION. 
— nummis quattuor: four ses- 
terces. The price is low (see on 
I. 66. 4; 1. 117. 17), but if we con- 
sider the value of slaves and re- 
member that a large number could 
copy at the dictation of a single 
reader, there is no reason to ques- 
tion it. 

3. poterit... duobus: ie. 
there is an edition still cheaper. 
Cf. Stat. Silv. 4. 9. 7-9 zester pur- 
pureus novusque charta et binis 
decoratus umbilicis praeter me mihi 
constitit decussis (10 asses: perhaps 
Statius is joking). 

4. et = et tamen. — bibliopola 
Tryphon: cf. 4. 72. 1-2 exzgzs, ut 
donem nostros tibi, Quinte, libellos : 
non habeo, sed habet bibliopola Try- 


phon. Tryphon was publisher also 
for Quintilian ; see the epistle ad- 
dressed to him by Quintilian as 
preface to the Institutiones. See 
also on r. 2. 7. 

7. titulos: the lemmata or titles 
of the various couplets; see 11.42. 
2N. The vs. shows that the lem- 
mata in this book are genuine. — 
rebus: the various objects de- 
scribed in the book. 

8. praetereas: cf. 14. 2. 3-4 
lemmata si quaeris cur simt ad- 
scripta docebo ; ut, si malueris, lem- 
mata sola legas. — stomachum, 
taste, liking. Cf. Plin. Ep. 1.24. 3 
in hoc autem agello, si modo ad- 
riseri pretium, Tranguilli mei 
stomachum multa sollicitant, viczni- 
tas urbzs, opportunitas viae, etc. 

70. A protest against the eat- 
ing of a bird so beautiful as was 
the peacock. We must not take 
the protest too seriously, especially 
if we recall 13. 1. Introd.; the giver 
of a pavo would hardly question 
seriously the propriety of his own 
gift. For similar humor, frequent 
enough in these two books, cf. e.g. 
13. 87; 13. 94. On the favo see 3. 
58.13 N. In Varro's time a single 
egg of the Pavo was worth five de- 
nari, and a bird fifty denarz. Cf. 
Suet. Tib. 60 mzlitem praetorianum 
ob surreptum e viridiario pavonem 


320 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[13. 70. 1 


PAVONES 


Miraris quotiens gemmantis explicat alas 
et potes hunc saevo tradere, dure, coco? 


CycnlI 


Dulcia defecta modulatur carmina lingua 
cantator cycnus funeris ipse sui. 


MvunIcEs 


Sanguine de nostro tinctas, ingrate, lacernas 
induis, et non est hoc satis: esca sumus. 


capite puniit. That the Romans 
raised these birds extensively we 
know from Varro and Columella. 
See Beck. 1. 109; Mayor on Iuv. 1. 
143. — Meter: § 48. 

I. Miraris = admiraris; cf. 8. 
6. 15; 8.69. t. — gemmantis: cf. 
gemmei... pavones, 3. 58. 13 N. — 
explicat: cf. Phaedr. 3. 18. 7-8 
nitor smaragat collo praefulget tuo 
pictisque plumis gemmeam caudam 
explicas; Ov. Am. 2. 6. 55 explicat 
ipsa suas ades Iunonia pinnas ; Med. 
Fac. 33-34 /audatas homini volu- 
cris Iunonia pinnas explicat. 

4, et = et tamen.— potes, have 
you the heart? (cf. dure). On the 
use of the peacock at dinner see 
3. 58. 13 N. Hortensius the lawyer 
first had one served at dinner. 
Later, it was for a season indis- 
pensable to an up-to-date cena; 
gluttons who tired of the fleshy 
parts served up the brains or 
tongues of the birds. 


77. For the song sung by the 
swan, esp. atits death,see on 5.37.1; 
cf. Ov. Her.7.1-2 sic ubi fata vocant, 
udis abiectus in herbis ad vada Mae- 
andri concinit albus olor; Sen. 
Phaed. 302 dulcior vocem moriente 
cycno. — Meter: § 48. 

1. defecta, failing, dying; note 
the juxtaposition, helped by allit- 


eration, in dudcia defecta. — modu- 


latur: cf. Verg. E. 10. 51 carmina 
pastoris Siculi modulabor avena. 

2. cantator... sui: the bird 
supplies in himself a substitute for 
the conventional praeficae and nenia. 

87. The lament of the murices. 
—Meter: § 48. 

i. Sanguine... nostro = pur- 
pura (see 2.16. 3 N.). — ingrate: 
cf. dure, 13. 70. 2 : ‘instead of show- 
ing gratitude you eat us' (cf. 2). — 
lacernas: see 2. 29. 3 N.1 2. 43. 7- 

2. esca sumus: the mollusk 
from which the purple dye was ex- 
tracted was edible. 


13. 126. 2] 


94 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


321 


DAMMAE 


Dente timetur aper, defendunt cornua cervum : 
inbelles dammae quid nisi praeda sumus ? 


126 


UNGUENTUM 


Unguentum heredi numquam nec vina relinquas : 
ille habeat nummos, haec tibi tota dato. 


4. Thedamma cannot beiden- 
tified with certainty. It may have 
been the chamois (cf. Plin. N. H. 
8. 214 on the various kinds of ca- 
grae: sunt et dammae et pygargi 
et strepsicerotes multaque alia haud 
dissimilia; sed illa Alpes, haec trans- 
marini situs mittunt), or, perhaps, 
anantelope. They appeared in the 
venatioues of the Empire; M. had 
prob. seen them there. See Fried. 
SG. 2.544. In 4.35.1 dammae fight 
in the arena; in 1.49. 23-24 M. says 
they were hunted in Spain. They 
are mentioned here because they 
were good to eat; Iuv. 11.120-122 
at nunc divitibus cenandi nulla vo- 
luptas, nil rhombus, nil damma 
sapit, putere videntur unguenta 
atque rosae. See also on 3. 58. 28. 
— Meter: § 48. 

1. Dente, tusk; cf. 11.69. 9 (on 
a dog killed by a boar) fumineo 
spumantis apri sum dente perempta ; 
Ov. M.10. 550 fulmen habent acres 
in aduncis dentibus apri. For the 
thought cf. Hor. S. 2. 1. 52-53 dente 
Jupus, cornu taurus petit: unde nist 
Intus monstratum ? 

2. inbelles: cf. Isid. Orig. 12. 1. 
22 damula vocata, guod de manu 
effugiat: timidum animal et imbelle 
(Le. the word damula, dammula 
is derived from de + manzus'); Hor. 


C. 1.2. 11-12 superiecto pavidae 
natarunt aequore dammae. 

126. M. urges his reader to 
be an Epicuiean (in the sense in 
which many Romans — e.g. Hor- 
ace — understood that term) and 
to use up in self-enjoyment what 
he can, while he may. — Meter: 
§ 48. 

I. unguentum and vina, which 
suggest the comzssatio (see on 1. 27. 
I; 3. I2. 1; 10. 20. 20), typify the 
pleasures of life. With the vs. as 
a whole cf. 8. 77. 3-8; Hor. C. 4. 7. 
19-20 cuncta manus avidas fugtent 
heredis amico quae dederis animo; 
2. 3. 19-20 cedes ef exstructis in 
altum divitiis potietur heres (‘there- 
fore enjoy life while you may’, 
13-16); 2. 14. 25-28 absumet heres 
Caecuba dignior servata centum cla- 
vibus et mero tinguet pavimentum 
superbo, pontificum potiore cenis 
(the ode is addressed to “a man 
of wealth, surrounded by all the 
comforts... of life, but perhaps 
a trifle overcareful in the use of 
his means" (Smith)); Ep. 1. 5. 13- 
14 parcus ob heredis curam nimt- 
umque severus adsidet insano. 

2. nummos: ie. only ‘such 
money as you can not eat or drink 
or spend in any way upon your. 
self’. 


322 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[13- 127. 1 


127 


CORONAE ROSEAE 


Dat festinatas, Caesar, tibi bruma coronas: 
quondam veris erat, nunc tua facta rosa est. 


I27. This piece naturally and 
appropriately follows 126. On the 
use of roses at Rome see on 5. 37. 
9; IO. 20. 20; on the corozae con- 
viviales (sutiles) see on 5. 64. 4; 9. 
61. 17. — Meter: $ 48. 

1. festinatas, forced; freely, 
early. The garlands are made of 
roses raised under glass in hot- 


houses; see 8. I4. I-4 N.; 4. 22. 
5 condita sic puro numerantur. [i- 
“a vitro. — bruma: on the word 
see 3. 58. 8; 5. 34. 5. For winter 
roses cf. 6. 80, with notes; Macr. 
S. 7. 5. 32 nec sic admitto varieta- 
tem, ut luxum. probem, ubi quae- 
vuntur aestivae nives et hibernae 
rosae, 


[LIBER XIV] 


APOPHORETA 


37 


SCRINIUM 


Selectos nisi das mihi libellos, 
admittam tineas trucesque blattas. 


186 


VERGILIUS IN MEMBRANIS 


Quam brevis inmensum cepit membrana Maronem ! 


37. On this book see 13.1. 
Introd. The pieces of this book 
were written to accompany dinner 
favors (apopAoreta) which the 
guests carried away in their nap- 
kins (mafpae); for such apophoreta 
cf. e.g. 10. 27. 3 N.; Petr. 56; 60. — 
Scrintum commonly denotes, as 
here, a receptacle for books, cylin- 
drical in shape, a larger capsa; cf. 
1.2. 4 N. For other book recep- 
tacles see 1. 117. I5 N. — Meter: 
§ 49. 

1. Selectos:i.e.fewand choice. 
— mihi: the scrzzium speaks; this 
device M. often uses in this book. 

2. tineas . . . blattas: see 6. 
61.7 quam multi tineas pascunt 
blattasque diserti; Luv. 7. 24-26 
quae componis dona Veneris ...ma- 
rito (i.e. ‘give to Vulcan to burn’) 
aut clude (in scrinio) et positos tinea 
pertunde libellos. For the use of oil 
of cedar to preserve books from in- 
sects see 3.2.7N. Plin. N. H. 15. 
86, quoting Cassius Hemina con- 


cerning some books found in the 
coffin of King Numa when it was 
dug out of the Ianiculum, says: 
mirabantur alit, quomodo illi libri 
durare possent, ille ita rationem red- 
debat . . . libros citratos fuisse, prop- 
terea arbitrarier tineas non tetigisse. 

186. Ona miniature or pocket 
edition of Vergil, a parchment co- 
dex. On these handy editions in 
parchment see 1.2. 3-4, with notes. 
Cf. 14. 188. — Meter: $ 48. 

I. brevis... membrana:since 
one could write on both sides of 
parchment (see 1. 2. Introd.) and in 
a very fine hand (things not easily 
done well on papyrus), a small 
parchment book would hold much. 
— inmensum, voluminous; note 
the antithesis with órezzs. But the 
word also refers to Vergil’s literary 
greatness; see I2. 67. 3-4 N., and 
cf. Hor. C. 4. 2. 7-8 inmensusque 
ruit profundo Pindarus ore. The 
emphasis is intensified by the juxta- 
position of the two adjectives. 


323 


324 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[14. 186. 2 


ipsius vultus prima tabella gerit ! 


187 


Mevdvépov ais 


Hac primum iuvenum lascivos lusit amores ; 
nec Glycera pueri, Thais amica fuit. 


188 
CICERO IN MEMBRANIS 


Si comes ista tibi fuerit membrana, putato 


2. The value of the copy was 
further enhanced by a portrait of 
Vergilonthefirst page. Beforethe 
end of the first century portraits of 
popular authors were common not 
only in the public libraries, along 
with statues in marble and bronze, 
but in their works. M. himself en- 
joyed this distinction (see O. Cru- 
siusin Rh. Mus. 44. 455). See Fried. 
SG. 3. 239 ff. Varro produced 
a work called Imagines, which 
contained 700 such portraits; 
see Teuffel, $ 166. s. — vultus, 
features, looks; see 1.53. 2 N. 

187. On the Thais, a play of 
Menander. Menander, who flour- 
ished during the latter part of the 
fourth century B.C., was the greatest 
representative of the New Attic 
Comedy; this is attested both by 
his reputation among the Greeks 
and by the use made of his plays 
by Roman playwrights, esp. Afra- 
nius, Caecilius, and Terence. The 
play here meant was named after 
Thais, the Athenian Ze/aera, who 
was famous not only for her wit 
and beauty, but as having been 
the mistress successively of Alex- 
ander the Great and Ptolemy, king 
of Egypt. — Meter: § 48. 

ri. Hac: sc. fabula or dramatis 
persona; render by ‘in this play’ 


or ‘under the guise of this charac- 
ter’; instr. ablative. The gift in 
this case was a copy of the play. 
—lusit: see 1. 113. 1; 8. 3.2; 9. 
26.10.— lusit amores: for syn- 
tax see on 5. 66. 2. 

2. nec... fuit: ‘and in fact 
not Glycera, but Thais was the 
love of his youth'. — Glycera: a 
name often adopted by the hetaerae 
(cf. the meaning of T'Avképa). A 
woman of this name is said to 
have been the mistress of Menan- 
der. — For the quantity of GZycerá 
see $ 54, a. — pueri: ie. of Me- 
nander in his youth, when he is 
said to have been unusually hand- 
some. — Thais  . . fuit: not to 
be taken literally. M. rather means , 
that Menander fell in love with the 
heroine of his comedy. 

188. A parchment pocket edi- 
tion of Cicero is recommended as 
a handy traveling companion. Cf. 
14. 186. Introd. One could not 
well handle a papyrus volume in a 
wagon. There is nothing here to 
show how much of Cicero was 
included in the edition to which M. 
refers; contrast note on 14. 190. 2. 
Fried., however, maintains that 
we are to think of several volumes. 
— Meter: § 48. 

I. Comes: see I. 2, I-2 N. 


14. 190. 2] 


EPIGRAMMATA SELECTA 


325 


carpere te longas cum Cicerone vias. 


189 


MoNosvBLos PROPERTI 


Cynthia, facundi carmen iuvenale Properti, 
accepit famam, nec minus ipsa dedit. 


190 


Trrus Livius iN MEMBRANIS 


Pellibus exiguis artatur Livius ingens, 
quem mea non totum bibliotheca capit. 


2. carpere . . . vias: carpere 
viam, carpere iter often — ire with 
a suggestion of rapid progress; cf. 
eg. Hor. S. 2. 6. 93 carpe viam, 
mihi crede, comes; Ov. M. 8. 208 
me duce carpe viam; Verg. A. 6. 
629 sed iam age, carpe viam.— 
longas: but rendered short by a 
companion so agreeable. Cf. Pub. 
Syr. cited on r. 2. 1-2. 

189. The Monobiblos (Mové- 
BigXos) was the first book of Pro- 
pertius. That book. begins with 
the word Cyzthia, the assumed 
name of Propertius's mistress (see 
on 8. 73. 5); the name Cynthia is 
given to the book in at least one 
Ms. of Propertius. For Roman 
ways of referring to books see on 
4.14.14; 8. 55. 19. — Meter: $48. 

1-2. Cynthia... famam: for 
the thought cf. 8.73. 5.N. Cynthia 
here suggests the woman rather 
than the book; she has been im- 
mortalized by Propertius’s work. — 
— facundi: see on 1. 61. 8. — ac- 
cepit: sc. « Propertio. —nec .. . 
dedit: sc. Propertio. But for his 
mastering passion for Cynthia, says 
M., Propertius would have missed 
immortality. 


I9O. See 14. 186. Introd.; note 
on totum, 2. — Meter: $ 48. 

i. Pellibus shows clearly that 
the book is written on parchment 
(membrana). — exiguis... in- 
gens: antithesis similar to that 
in érevís inmensum. in 14. 186. 1; 
the antithesis is helped here, too, 
by word-order, though in a some- 
what different way; the contrasted 
expressions, treated as wholes, 
are set at the opposite ends of 
the verse.— artatur . . . ingens: 
cf. 1.2. 3 N. 

2. totum throws light on 1, 
and shows that M. has in mind an 
epitome of Livy. We still know of 
at least two epitomes of Livy; re- 
cently an Oxyrhynchus papyrus has 
given us a fragment of an epitome 
not identical with that previously 
known. The epitome of our text 
may, however, well have been in 
several volumes; see 14. 188. In- 
trod. The practice of making 
epitomes of lengthy works was 
well established .by the Augustan 
age and became increasingly com- 
mon later. — capit: note the mood; 
M. talks as if he had already tested 
the matter. 


326 


M. VALERI MARTIALIS 


[14- 194. 1 


194 
Lucanus 


Sunt quidam qui me dicant non esse poetam, 
sed qui me vendit bibliopola putat. 


195 
CATULLUS 


Tantum magna suo debet Verona Catullo, 
quantum parva suo Mantua Vergilio. 


208 


NOTARIUS 


Currant verba licet, manus est velocior illis : 
nondum lingua suum, dextra peregit opus. 


194. For Lucan see on tI. 61. 
7-8; 7. 21. — Meter: $ 48. 

i. Sunt... poetam: quidam 
implies that this was not the con- 
sensus of critical opinion. These 
quidam may have echoed an older 
depreciation of Corduba as a lit- 
erary center; see Fried. S.G. 3. 379- 
380. See on zzcum, 1. 61. 7. 

2. putat: sc. me esse poetam. 
‘The rapid sale of my books is 
proof enough of what the world in 
general thinks’. 

I95. On Catullus see 1. 61. 
IN.; 2. 71. 3; 4. 14. 13; § 34; etc. 
— Meter: § 48. 

I. magna... Verona: Ve- 
rona was great only by comparison 
with 2arva Mantua (see 8. 73.9); 


Mantua can hardly be said to have 
had any place in Roman history 
until a comparatively late tire, 
except in so far as Vergil's career 
made the town known as his birth- 
place. See 1. 61. 1-2, with notes. 
— suo, her beloved; see on 1. 13. 1; 
8. 55. 2. Cf. 10. 103. 5 ec sua plus 
debet tenui Verona Catullo (*than 
Bilbilis to me"). 

208. On the notarius see 10. 
62. 4 N.; Beck. 1. 62 ff.; Marq. 826. 
— Meter; § 48. 

r. licet: as in 11. 52. 17. — 
manus... illis: cf. Sen. Ep. go. 25 
quid verborum notas, quibus quam- 
vis citata excipitur oratio et celert- 
tatem linguae manus sequitur ? 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 


For a brief account of the more important Mss. see Introd. §§ 42 ff. 
For a more complete account see the Praefatio of Professor W. M. 
Lindsay’s critical edition of Martial in the Scriptorum Classicorum 
Bibliotheca Oxoniensis; Lindsay, Ancient Editions of Martial; Fried- 
lander, Einleitung, 67-108. Only the more important variants can be 
cited here. For a more complete apparatus criticus see the editions of 
Friedlander, Lindsay, and J. D. Duff (in Postgate’s Corpus Poetarum 
Latinorum). When the name of a modern scholar follows a reading, it 
is to be understood that the reading is a conjectural emendation by that 
scholar. To save space, where all or a majority of the best Mss. of a 
given class support a reading, no specific reference to separate Mss. is 
ordinarily given. Since Lindsay’s text is the latest, its readings are given 
where they differ from those followed in this book. The reading given 
in black-face type is that of the text in this edition. 


ABBREVIATIONS 
a = all or some of the best Mss. of the A-class (§ 43). 
b — 6 & [n € € « e € — B-class (§ 44). 
cuc & « “cc & e “cs “ C-class (88 45-46). 


m — some inferior Mss. 
A = Codex Leidensis (Vossianus) 56. See § 46. 
B= ^" Leidensis 121. 
C= * Leidensis 89. 
=  * Edinburgensis. See § 46. 


F= ^* Florentinus Mediceus. 

=  * Florentinus (on fifteenth century paper). See § 44. 
G= ^*  Gudianus Wolfenbuttelensis 57. 

=  *" Vindobonensis See § 43. 
L= “  Lucensis612. See § 44. 


Ly = Lindsay’s edition. 
P = Codex Palatinus Vaticanus 1696. See $ 44: 
Q— *"  Arundellianus 136. See § 44. 
R= ^" Leidensis (Vossianus) 86. See § 43. 
=  *"  Thuaneus(Colbertinus or Parisinus) 8071. See § 43. 
=  * Vaticanus 3294. See § 46. 
Parisinus (Puteanus) 8067. See $ 46. 


327 


Xx 
HT 


^ 


328 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


LIBER SPECTACULORUM 


I. 2 Assyrius Alciatus adsiduus T Qm 3 Iones Scaliger Zo- 
nores T Q m If this is read, /ezz2/o is local abl., and Aozores will denote 
the temple itself, the works of art it contained, etc., thought of to- 
gether as a complex honor to Trivia 4deum Qm dein T Delon 
J. F. Gronovius Ly 7cedit cedat Qm 8 loquetur /eguatur Qm 

29. 5 parma Wagner fossita... palma H positam ... palmam R 
palma seems unlikely in view of 22/zasin 9 (Fried.) — 9 utrique (after 
mist) Scaliger utrisque H — utriusque R irte sub Scaliger “di 
HR 


Book I 


3. 5 rhonchi E m. vonchiLQ | runt H iuvenesque senesque 
aE Zzwvenisque senisque c Early (not later) Latin shows -zs in nom. 
pl. of declension 3; see A. 73 and footnote; GL. 38,1 

IO. 1 Gemellus Tb vezustus or gemellus venustus c Asa coinage 
to represent some disguise (see on 8. 73. 5), Venustus (cf. Pulchra in 3) is 
more probable than Geme/us, but the latter is better attested — 4 peti- 
turac appetitur LQ 

I2. 1 Herculei gelidas b (L) c (E) herculeas gelidi T 5um- 
bras T c auras b (L) Io par tam  faría L Q 12 deos b c 
deum T 

I3. rtraderet /raAeret c (E) 2strinxerat Tb zraxerat c (E) 
3feci /fetL 4quod tu Tc(E) :« quod b (L) 

I5. rsodales b sodalis c (E) 5quod b(L) gzaec 1o fluunt 


bm fluent c (E) i2nimis mzgisL 

25. 2 pectore ectine O. Mueller; see Hermes, 12. 304 

27. 2 quincunces wi nunc est c (E) 3, 7; Procille procille c 
procelle b (L) v 


29. 3 5i tua vis dici L. Martens, Festgabe für W. Crecelius (Elber- 
feld, 1881), 27 ff. 4 5i dici mea vis L. Martens, ibid. hoc be 4aec 
Qm ex (eme) Schn. 

4I. 6 madidum  caZ/dum Heinsius — Zepidum Mordtmann (cf. 1. 
103. IO; 5. 78. 21) i1 urbicus — Urbius Scriverius 17 posses 
fossis Scriverius 1621 

42. rfatum /actum T 4fatisG satis T Qc(E) Most modern 
editors read fatzs (abl); cf. fau, 1. But saz/s has the support of at 
least two classes of Mss. Desides, the sentence profits by an adv. bal- 
ancing zozdum, 3. If, however, sd¢is is read, further changes are, for 
metrical reasons, necessary, e.g. satis hoc edocuisse C or satis hoc vos 
docuisse X Scriverius 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 329 


43. 3 tardis  sezzs Flach (cf. 3. 58. 8) 6 grana T mada c (E) 
7lactantis J/actantesT X V. Jactentes c (EG) Sassina sas/za (sas- 
sina) T fuscina C (E) fiscina Scriverius io armato amato T 

53. 3 carmina crimina c (E) 4interpositus c /nxterposito b 
(L) uilo Heinsius «i b(L) vitioc(E) wviE...unco Scriverius 
9 multisona dzczsona Heinsius Atthide alte T 

61. rsyllabas syZ/abos O. Crusius in Rh. Mus. 47. 71 3 Aponi 
aponi b(L) aponoc(E) aponam 5 Apollodoro .4o//izari Giese 
15 plaudit b gaudet c (E) 3 

66. 3 constet b(L) constat c (E) 4sophos nummis mis 
sophosb(LQ) 10pumicata punicata b (LQ) irumbilicis | z:- 
bilicus c (E) 

70. 5 veneranda venerandoc(E) rotholusbc /orzsT 13ne 
Tb mec c(E) Seeon Lib. Spect. 1.2; App. on 7. 92. 10 limenque 
lumenque T is propior c (E) jpotior T amet amat b (L) 
rjpsicb szc(E) excuses excussesLy Forms like caussa, divissio 
(i.e. with double s after a long vowel) were used by Cicero and Vergil, 
but by Quintilian’s time were uncommon; see Quint. 1. 7. 20 

72. 3 Sibib 7b c (E) 

76. 3cantusque chorosque b (L) cantus citharamque c Ly 
6 omnes zer Kóstlin (i.e. haec inter fenerat una deos) 8 varias 
varios b (L) vario Schmieder 9dearum deorum c (E) 10 sed 
perinane c semper inane b ii Permesside nuda permesside 
nuda b — permessidis uuda c (E)  parnaside nuda Q 12 propius 
proprius L divitiusque dvitiumgue c (E) 

88.3 accipe ac aspice b (L) Pario parvo T Fario (Phario) 
Em 5faciles Tc /ragiles b (L) yaccipe, care acum pectore T 
monimenta b (L)c(E) monumenta c momenta T 8 vivet b c 
vivit T 9 perneverit supremus Lachesis peruenerit annus 'T QE 

89. 2 garris m garrire L E Ly garrire, the better attested read- 

‘ing, would depend on “cet. But the repetition Garris... garrzs, 1-2, is 
more in M.'s manner; see on Io. 35. 11-12; 3. 44. 16 5 adeoque b 
adeone c (E) s 

93. 1 Aquinus in lemm. of L amicus b (L) 2adissec asse 
b (L) 4plus tamen est b  zzsezriptum est c (E) legis b Zeges 
c (E) 6raro rarosb quos raros Rooy 

103. 4riserunt Azserwnt archetype of the C-class (according to 
Ly) audierunt Heinsius 6 est e Heinsius terque quaterque b 
bisque quaterque c (E) 7 semper c(E) ti nunc b (L) 8 cenas 
...Quas mensas... duas Rooy irinius, o 7/7/50 (out of inluso) 
b(L) iniusto c (E) 


330 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


107. 1 carissime clarissime P 

IOQ. 1-5 Issa /psa POL Bi 4lapillis  cagzzs c (E) 8 colle 
colla b (L) nixa exa c (E) 13 monet et rogat b. raga? et 
monet elevari c (E) 19-21 Issam  Zjsam PQL 

II7. 6velit veZs c uaelis E 13 pete fetes c (E) The fut, 
ind. often enough is equivalent to an abrupt imv.; the usage belongs 
to colloquial style — Atrectum  arrectum (through adrectum, atrec- 
tum) c(E) See Renn 57 17 denaris c dezarZzs L (unmetrical) 


Book II 


I. 2 perlegeretque perlegeretve Ps 5 peragit a LQ peraget 
c(E) 

5. 3disiungunt a distingunt (or distinguunt) b (L) c (E) 

7. 1 Attice attice a attale b (L) c (E) 5 Attice attice ab 
attale c (E) 6esarte ef arteb(L) 7facias tamen  /aczs famen 
b(L)c(E) /acs attamen Q 

II. 2 seram c. sera b (L) Ly prints sezazz, but thinks sera may 
be right 10 cenatbc cena est T 

I4. 5tum c (E)  Zuzc b (L) vy hinc zc Scriverius 13 nam 
thermis iterumque iterumque iterumque lavatur b(L) az ther- 
mis iterumque iterumque lavatur c (E) nam thermis iterum ternis ite- 
rumque lavatur Heinsius 15 tepidae  Zegzda b (L) 

18.8 Maxime waxime ab postume c (E) but the lemma shows 
Ad Maximum Ly thinks that Postume may have been an old variant 
in 1,8 

20. 2iure vocare R.. dicere ‘ure c (E) 

290. 1 terentem c (and L) Zezezzem P QF 5 Marcelliano b 
marcellino G (perhaps rightly, says Ly. See Müller, De re metrica, 299)» 
marcelliniano Y (which perhaps arose, as Ly suggests, out of Mar- 


celliano) 8laesum album Young Class. Rev. 6. 305 pingit b . 
cingit c(E) | stringit Heinsius 

30. 3 felixque ac  fídusgue b.(L) The latter reading may be cor- 
rect, either in the sense of ‘ (once) faithful’ or with ironical force 

38. 2 reddit reddet c 

41. T gives a different order, thus: 9, 10, 12, 11,6, 7, 13-23 6 et 
nam T 13 severos saevos T 20 lugentique b (L) c (E)  Zugez- 
tive a piumvea piumgue b (L) c (E) 

43. 2 sonas ;sezas? (with Kowà $(Xwv! in 1) Duff 4 Parma 
terra c(E) Ly compares 2, 46. 6, though with hesitation 

57. 7 Cladi Salmasius gladib(L) c/audic(E) 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 331 


66. 2incerta izsertaHeraldus 3quobFc guodT 4getceci- 
dit caedztur et Heinsius saevis secs Merula [* with her hair (i.e. 
scalp) cut" (P. and S.)] Plecusa Jlecusa or plecussaac phlegusa 
(L) or phlecusab = comis gens Markland (who also read sectis for sae- 
vi) G6tangat /angu'T ¢angito Heinsius 8tuaab(L) zuoc(E) 

71. rcandidius bc  ga/Zius T (a mere graphic blunder for ca/Z- 
dius) 2legoab fegisc(E)  sistudac Z/b(L) 


Book III 


2. 4madida c madidas b (L) 5 piperisve b (E) piserisque 
c(E) irrubeat rvubeasc(E) 12 vindice zzdiec(E) 

4. rrequiret reguirit T 3 rogabit b (L) rogarit T rogavit 
c (E) sabsimac aósz b (L) quaeret, breviter quae breviter 
quaeret E. breviter quaeret X BG yrespondeto responde poetae 
c (E) 

12. 3 salsa /aha TQCG 

22. 2sed or set b(L) ec Ly 3 ferres c(E) The other Mss 
have ferre 4 summa suma Heinsius perduxti Scriverius 
duxistib(L) perduxitc(E) - 5 nihil b (zzz L) "um c (E) 

25. 4hicc z;LLy s/P 

38. 3 disertior c (E) disertius b (L) But discretior T — 9 pan- 
gentur Z/azgentur c (E) 

43. 3 fallsab  /aZes c (E) 

44. 4 quid guod b (L) c (E) I2 sonas ad aurem  Zezes euntem 
c (E); cf. 14 13 licet Tb — szuzs c(E) I4 tenes euntem  sozasad 
aurem c (E); cf. 12 i5fugas fuga T c(E) 18 probusac donus 
b (L) . 

45. 3illaac zs/ab(ZseL) ^ 5rhombosab rhombum c(E) 

46. s cunctos cuneos Turnebus Heinsius Schn.? 7causaa c 
causam b cena [coena] Hartman Mnemos. 25. 338 

50. 5 perlegitur b (L) perletor G1 porrigitur X C Go perge- 
tor E 6 neque b (PQ) ze E Ly venitb(PQ) ju c (E) 
7 liberum b(LP Q) éruma c(E AV BgG) broma X. Bpüpa. Gilbert 
Q. C. r, un. 1. promis Fried. Acad. Alb. Regim. 1878, I, p. 4; id. ibid. 
1878, II, p. 3 drama and deinde (for denique) poema Heinsius 

52. r ducentis ducens Scriverius 

58. 16 phasiana phasianae c (E) 21agnus EA G annus X 
anus B. amus C 22serenum /erennem Mordtmann (cf. ro. 47. 4) 
26 subdolum c szódo/e b (L) 35 Sassinatis; de silva Sassinate de 
silva Mss Ly (with ; after sz/va) This reading is possible enough; the 
Romans pastured their cattle largely in the woods; see e.g. Smith on 


422 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


Hor. C. 1. 31.5 Sassinatis, de silva Heinsius Sassinatis ; e silva Rooy 
39 vimine offerunt Heinsius czmuneo ferunt LE 

60. 1 vocera D vocor b (L) c(E) 4sugiturab swmitur c(E) 
5suillosc /usillosT b 6atTc eb(L) 

63. 6 modos c chores b (L) This may be the correct reading 
9 missas ssa c(E) 

99. 3 innocuos b (L) c(E) on nocuos T ludereab /aedere c 
(see on 3. 99. 2; Lo. 5. 2) 4liceat, licuit b (Q) | Zeuit, Ziceat T c (E) 


Book IV 
8. 1 conterit c continet b (L) 6 extructos c (E) excelsos b 
(L), probably a gloss on extructos II gressu timet ire gressu me- 


tire Pf. gressum metire L E 

14. 4astus b  /astus c (E) 9tropa Brodaeus pofab(L) rota 
c (E) 

18. 2 madet  zazet c (E) 

30. 1 monemus b recede (i.e. a Jacu recede) c (E) 13 rogator 
rogatur E 

32. 3laborum malorum b (L) 

39. 3 manum c manusPQ 6 Gratiana grantianab(L) gra- 
niana c(E) Grattiana Postgate 

41. 2ista Z/ab(L) 

44. 6 nomine Tb zzgzze c (E) 

49. r nescit T. zescis b (L) 2illab(L)c(E) za T ^ vocatac 
putas b (L) 

54. 2 cingere Zizgere (doubtless from contingere, 1) b fronde 
Sronte b (L) 5nullic zz/sb(LQ) 10 secat Heinsiys  zeget b 
negat c (E) L Ly 2egat may well after all be right; it fits well with z/ 
adicit penso, 9, and even better with Jazzficas . . . contigit, 5-6 x 

57. tlucrinibc zeronis T 2calent /atent b (L) 3 Argei 
Heinsius argioT argivib(L) argo c(E) 

59. 2guttaa gemma b(L)c(E) 

64. 4 eminent b(L) zmmznentc This text P. and S. interpret as = 
*wide sweeps (reaches, or hollows) overlook the hills on the other 
side of the Tiber". But this inartistically anticipates ro ff. Further, 
such a qualification of co//ibus as P. and S. suppose should be clearly 
indicated by the author, not. left to the reader to supply 8 solus 
solis G Schn. This may be the correct reading 16 virgineo cruore: 
a troublesome passage, generally regarded as corrupt. Heinsius con- 
jectured wirgineo canore, virgineo rubore, or virginea cohorte, based 
on Ovid's testimony (see Commentary) to the license and immorality 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 333 


connected with the festival. Precisely because of this, I believe that vz7- 
gineo cruore may stand for the loss of virginity by the girls who went 
there. Munro's conjecture, virgine neguiore, which has the merit of mak- 
ing good sense, is further supported by the tendency of M. to use a sing. 
instead of the plural; cf. e.g. 1. 70. 10; 9. 22. 4; 9. 22.10 18 illinc b 
illic c (E) 19 patet b(Q) zace c (E) 32centenoc comento (con- 
tentum) b (Q) 

69. 1ponisbc fotas T 2PapyleL E  PazA/e Renn 58 

75. 4 participique c(E) participegueP  participemque L Q parti 
cipare T See Gilbert Rh. Mus. 39. 518 5iniecta zzlecta T b (L) 
intecta c (E) 7 certo certe Q pignore fignora c (E) vitae 
bc /amam T (cf. 6) 

79. 21rus b zus c (E) 


Book V 


8. 3 recepit zeczjz b — srubensb(L) ruber c Ly 

I4. 4 paene tertius  sezuferiius Hartman Mnemos. 24. 339 
1I sedere Scriverius se dedere L QE Leitoque Jetogue b (L) 

20. roloca ceca Madv. Adv. Cr. 2. 163; cf. Fried. Burs. Jahresb. 
2.1142 ri necuter sibi Schn. xeuter sibi b(L)  mecuteiusibo c(E) 

22. 5 Suburani = sudurbani LE 7 mulorum rorum b (L) 
rumpere b zzzcezre c (E) 

34. 3 parvola (parvula) ne a (R T) c (E X)F pallida nec b (L) 
paulula ne Scriverius 

37. 5 Indicae dentem indicentem T indicae gentem c (E) 
12pavo Pazo Tb avus c(E) 22notam  zeram c(E) Schenkl, 
putting a period after 21, read seram superbam (eam), nobilem, locu- 
pletem., and gave the verse to M. The passage thus treated is, however, 
far less effective 

42. 7 quidquid (quicquid) b (L) séguéd c (E) 

49. 5 possunt a b (LQ) possint c (E) 9 tunc b (L) c (E) 
tum a 11 Geryonem Geryonen Renn 66 (cf. Burs. Jahresb. 72. 
185) Ly 

56. 4devites divites b (L) c (E) 6 Tutilium Zum c (E) 
relinquat b (L) redinguas c (E) 

58. 3longest Jonge est b (L) Jonge (without est) c Ly (though he 
suggests that /ongest should perhaps be read) 6 posset b(L) Posszc 
7tardum b (L) serum c Ly This may be the correct reading 

64. 5tam b. zaz c (E) 

76. 1 poto ffo b (L) c (E) 

81. 2 null T. zs b(Q) F c(E) Ly nulliusR 


334 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


Book VI 


8. 1 praetores pracconesT This reading would hopelessly ruin 
theepigram — 6 dic,numquid dignoneqguidb(L) dignum quid c(E) 

28. 6 integer c innocens b (E) 8 messibus mensibus b (L) 
9 adplicabat afplicarat (?) Postgate 

35. 3 dicis R b (L, corrected from ducis) ducis T 

51. 4inquisb zzguzt Tc(E)Ly zzguitis possible enough (supply 
Lupercus as subject), but is less effective than zzguzs. We may get a 
still better effect by setting a question-mark after zegquzs 

70. 1o separentur Mss separetur J. D. Duff 

80. 8tonsilibus T R b. zexzibus c (E) sutilibus Scriverius 

82. 6 Batavam fabebat avam F Boetam Ruhnken Cf. Gilbert 
Rh. Mus. 39. 520; Müller, De re metrica, 287 

88. 3 constat T L4 constet b (Lz) E 


Boox VII 


3. 2ne... mittas b sec... mittasR nec... mittis c (E) 

17. 9 delicata c(E) Q See Munro Jour. of Phil.9.219 dedicata b (L) 
See Fried. Rec. loc. Mart. 5 

21. 1quae magni R Qc magni quae b (L) Ly 

47. 5 flebat /ebant Postgate 6 Ly regards this verse as corrupt; 
he prints t £rzstizia et lacrimis zamque peractus erast: Tristitia ¢ristia 
PQ et lacrimis ¢ristia cum lacrimis Scriverius dlacrimans Gil- 
bert 2 dacrimis Munro (this phrase he connects with secura) Tristitia 
exanimis Zingerle iamque peractus Ly thinks that sam reparatus 
may perhaps be read 8raptas ruptas Gronovius 

54. 1 mera E F mii B P Q mala Gilbert Rh. Mus. 40. 212 
nova Rooy tua Schn? 

85. 3 belle /zleb(L) . 

86. ; Hispani argentic(E) ^ 81levisc emuisb(L) This read- 
ing, however, is contrary to M.'s practice of writing a spondee in the first 
foot of a hendecasyllabic verse; see § 49, a 

88. 9 blandae b Jd/ande L (in late times e often replaced ae) 
blandic(E) magnae T 

90. 3 Calvinus calvianusT — Cluvienus Schn? (see Philol. 3. 331) 

92. 1scis Tc Zb(L) 2unobis Tc Jzszobisb(L) Io ne 
bFc ze'TBV xonE ecmay well enough be read; after an afirma- 
tive clause of purpose zec (not zeve) is common enough, even in good 
prose. If zec is read, omit the comma after 9 si quid opus Gilbert 
Q.C.1 guid sit opus Mss 

96. 4 male Heinsius mal Mss — 7 seriorb (L) serdusc (E) 


* 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 335 


Boox VIII 


3. 19 Romano lepidos b(L) vomanos lepidos T romano lepido 
c(E) romanos lepido G 22tubas uam c (E) 

6. 1 Aucti F and the lemmata of E (AVCTI) and of T (AVTI) as 
well as the gloss atr@ in E (where the text reading is szuaoszws zl/o) 
make for Aucti as against Ezcti b (L) | z/oc 3 fumosa Lipsius and 
most editors furiosa Mss Ly cariosa Heinsius It seems impossible 
to interpret furiosa. The note in B. and L. (“possibly ‘maddening in 
its antiquity ’”) seems absurd 5 Laomedonteae Jaomedontea c (E) 

IO. 3 solvet c(E X)  so/vi? b (L) 

I4. 4 sine faece bc sine soleR 

17. 3narrasti zavasti A. Palmer, Hermathena, 9. 165 

18. 1si sicc(E)  2possis poscisb(L) ^ O6nossetbc fos 
sit T The reading of T may perhaps, as Ly suggests, have arisen out 
of an original 2osse (cf. 8) 

32. 3 hoc casus occasus TLE 4sibi T c(E)F d4izb(PQf) 

50. 7 orbem urbem b (L) 14 Palladia et Heinsius | Pa//adzus 
Mss Ly The word, however, seems everywhere else to be feminine 
21 Istanti Munro iustantib instantisc(E) See App. on 8. 73. 1 

55. 4sonare /oxare Heinsius 5sint bc(E) suntT If sunt 
is read, see on I. 79. 2 21 ditataque dictataguec(E)LQ _ dzcata- 
que T 23 ergo erob(L)c(E) ergo ego T 

57. rexpuitc expulit b (L) 

73. 1 stanti — Znstami b (L) stant c (E) See App. on 8. 5o. 21 
5lasciva b (L) ZJascive c Ly (with comma after feci) pulchra (6) and 
formosa (8) make for Zasczva 


Book IX 


II. 12 rebellas b (ze/e//a L) F  repugnas c (E) 

I5. rtumulis b uuo c (E) 

18. 4tollit uci c (E) 

22. 2 populus b (L) valgus c (E) vulgus is probably a gloss on 
populus 3 ut Setina vos etinac(E) On the basis of the reading 
of c Oudendorp wrote guo Setina 14 massyleum b (mossileum 
virga L) This seems a better reading than the Mss Massyla meum, 
which is kept by Ly (who thinks that the reading of b arose out of 
Massylaeum = Massyla meum); the local epithet fits ecum far better 
than it would suit vga i5 superos ac sidera superos ad sidera 
€(E) siderague et supera b (L) 

30. 5 daret sanctam dare sanctis c (E) 


336 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


46. 3 nunc illas Re 2u£ Zia: b (L) mutatque R mutatve b 
mutuatve L On punctuation of 3-4 see J. S. Reid Class. Rev. 11. 351 
and Friedlinder’s note on these verses 

48. x, 11 Garrice | Ga//ice c (E), but De Garricois in the lemma of c 
8 pallida Dousa; Heinsius ca//da T b (Q; calida L) E Ly So too B. 
and L., who interpret caliida Roma as =“the Roman gourmet”, thus 
understanding caZ/idz of Rome's knowledge of table-dainties ; cf., then, 
in a way, the description of Montanus in luv. 3. 139-142 »u//i maior fuit 
usus edendi tempestate mea: Circeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum 
Rutupinove edita fundo ostrea callebat primo deprendere morsu (note 
especially ca//ebat in 142). But after all caZ/ida, thus interpreted, does 
not square with the note on 5 

50. 13 vitro | zzzro b (L) 19 veros Aldus verob viroc (E) 

60. 6 putet putatc(E) pudet T 

61. 1 Tartesiacis /azfesacis c (E) 9 nemus b szuz c (E) 
11-14 The order of verses differs in the Mss. P Q have in sequence 13, 
14, 11, 12; this order Ly adopts. E has 14, 11, 13, 12. The order adopted 
in this edition is due to Munro (see Friedlander’s notes on this epigram), 
who calls attention to the fact that in the Ovidian passage which M. 
evidently has in mind (M. 8. 746-748 saepe sub hac Dryades festas duxere 
choreas, saepe etiam manibus nexis et ordine trunci circutere modum) 
the verses beginning with saepe immediately follow each other 12 la- 
tuit b Z/acuz c (E), possibly the correct reading. The thought then 
is that, though the nymph fled, Pan caught up with her 

68. 4tonas T sonas b(L) tonosE 6 causidicum medio... 
equo b(P)c causidico medium ... equum 'T medico LQ 

81. 4 malim Tc madlem b (L) 

88. 2cepisti b — coepisti R.—— desisti c (E) 2 

100. 4 viduas b (L) vetulas c (E) 5 vetusque b (F) putris- 
que c (E) See Lindsay Anc. Ed. M. 20 


Book X 


2. 4utrique c wbigue b (L) ii et saecula T R.— zec saecula 
b (L) c(E) nee saecula desunt Burmann 

5.3urbembc urbs T 

IO. 3 hic ego dic ego Heinsius 5 respiciet respicies c (E) 
8etb(L) sec(E) ezmay stand perfectly well after zec, 7 ; frequently 
after a negative sentence ef and -gue have (apparently) adversative 
force. For the position of z/ see on Lib. Spect. 29. 2 ireb(L) Zzsse 
C Ly zszec(E) For the tense of zsse, if read, see on evipuisse, 1. 167. 6 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 337 


13. 3 Mani, dilectus b. mansuetusc (E). Mani consuetus Schn. Ly 
thinks the reading of E may have arisen out of an original Aaz con- 
suetus. Consuetus, however, is not a very happy reading; it too readily 
suggests the phrase cozsuescere cum aliquo, which, though used at times 
in an honorable sense, is more often employed iz ma/am partem. Diligo, 
on the other hand, is always a noble word, denoting affection based on 
esteem 8hospesb hoste E hostisX hos et T 

17. 7 Cogit coxit Heinsius 

20. 2 tamen b (L) /sZa« c (E) Ly thinks this reading may have 
arisen out of Thalia (thalia) in 3 rs studet b (L) vacat c (E) 
studet is supported by the Mss of Plin. Ep. 3. 21 

21.2,5 Sexte sextec(sextaeE) crispe b (L) 6utb e c(E) 

23. 3 tutos b (Zzos L) c (E) zotos T 

25. 3 durusque tibi fortisque ab — forzisgue tili durusque c (E) 

27.3 et bc at T 

30. r7 cubili b(L) cudbiculo c (E) 25 permittit b (L) 2erzzt- 
tis c Ly With this reading Roma must be set off by commas 

31. 1ducentis Tc(E) zreceutisb(L) | 6comesTc vorasb(L) 

32. 5 posset b 2osszs c (E) 

35. 8 pios amores b (L) frobos amies c (E) probos amores Ly 
18 amaret b amarit L (corrected to amaret) amaratc See Gilbert 
Q. C. 23 

39. 1quod Tb guid c(E) 3namque, ut Tc zam gui b (L, 
but without z) narrant T b xarres c (E) 

47. 1 faciant T c(E) factunt b (L) beatiorem c Zeazorum T 
(Ly thinks this may have arisen out of beatiorum)  iocundiorem bL) 
This reading, thinks Ly, may be due to the proximity of zzcuzdissizie in 2 

48. 2 redit iam subiitque cohors Paley and Stone This reading 
is given by Fried. in his text ^ reZ/ zamque suditgue cohors Mss Ly 
redit iam aere iubente (or sonante) cohors Wagner (see Fried. Rec. loc. 
Mart. 7) e£ pila iam, tereti iam subit orbe (or aere) trochus Heinsius 
3 nimios... vapores b (P)  szmzo...vapore c (E) II rutatos 
ructatos T  rutaceos f  voctatos l) roratos P r..atosQ 20 trima 
Heinsius See Hermes, 3. 122 (Haupt) prima L E Ly Paley and 
Stone, who retain frzma, interpret it as meaning “either ‘which was first 
laid down in the second consulship of Frontinus’, or ‘which was the 
choicest product of that year'". It is hard to see, however, how they 
get the first interpretation; the other gives too high praise to the wine, 
praise out of keeping with the spirit of the epigram (unless we suppose 
playful irony, and so interpret by contraries) 21 accedent P Q f (but 
accedant L) accedunt T 23 de prasino conviva meus venetoque 


338 CRITICAL APPENDIX 


loquatur T (see Lindsay Anc. Ed. M. r4) de prasino scutogue meus 
conviva loguatur b (L) ‘This Gruter followed, except that in place of 
scutogue he conjectured Scorpogue de prasino conviva meus scipiogue 
loquatur c (E) Ly thinks that scipiogue in the reading of c may have 
arisen out of an original Scorpogue 24 faciunt Tc (E)  /acent b 

50. 7 semper «ayy A. Palmer, Hermathena, 9. 165 ff. 

65. 11 filiab fistula Schn.2 nobis nil Laco fortius loguetur Munro 
nobis ilia fortius loguentur Haupt Opus. 3. 562 za. . . doguuntur Gilbert 

66. 4 polluit 2aZzzR igneb déleR 

74. 6 ferventis /aventis Heinsius 

83. 4 iubente zwuemte c iuuante C 

89. 1 labor, Polyclite, tuus  Zzzs, Polyclite, abos Heinsius — 2 me- 
ruisse eferisse Heinsius 

96. 9 macellus b. ace/Z c (E) 


. Book XI : 

3. 1 Pimpleide pierideb(L) pipedde c(E) 10 darent Heinsius 
daret Mss 

5. 7tecoletQ Zho/e? E A te volet X. tollet V 

I8. 9 Cosmi T cos; c E This may well be the correct reading; 
it would give far greater symmetry to the verse, in view of the Eastern 
origin of $z5er; both references would then be to Eastern plants 
i2 urucam T c (E) erucam b (eruca L) 15 mariscae aristae Gil- 
bert Rh. Mus. 4o. 218 myricae Fr. Schoell 

35. 2adte LE 272m 

42. 2quid TF c gzuib(L)Ly This is a very effective reading; 
translate, ‘(but) how can that be done?’ QzuzZ? Gilbert Rh. Mus. 40. 219 

52. 13 conchylia c (conchilia E) coloephiab(L) This may be cor- 
rupted from co/zgia, ‘knuckles of beef or pork’ 

80. 6 inprobic(E) zwprobum b(L) "tibi Ai Gilbert Q.C. 2; 
so too in his second edition, in the critical notes on this passage — ayez 
Munro : 

84. rumbras TQ zzdas L c(E) 2fugiatab fugiet c (E) 
4furit fuerit T fugit c(E) and L (corrected to furit) 5 mitior 
b (mictor L) c (E) | mitius T 10 nudobc duroa Ly 

86. 6haecab(Aec L) Aoc c (E) 

QI. 3qui c (guia E) guid b (L) 


Boox XII 
3. 4 dicetc dit b(L) 5 videmur centur c (E) 6 mihi 
minus c (E) 


CRITICAL APPENDIX 339 


6. 2toto /w/eGilbert Friedlander would compare 12.5.3 7 ha- 
besb abet c(E) F Óiinunc Zzzcc(E) This wholly impossible 
reading arose easily out of confusion of H and N 

I7. 3 tecum pariter pariterque P Qf  zecum pariter tecumque 
T Ly tecum pariterque b (L) A tectum parzterque c 9 cum sit ei 
pulchre b (L) cum si te pulcrec(E) sit tam N cum recubet pulcre 


T Ly 

IB. rerras eras L Q 24 dispensat pueris c dispensant pueri 
b (L) : 

290. 1sexagena Voss sexaginta Mss 6 Numidum  zsuma- 


dum b Nomadum Schn. Ly regas Heinsius e/as b Ly regas is 
far the better reading i1 ablatis oé/atzs Heinsius 
31. 5lymphis Tc xymphisb(L) xympha = agua is possible in 


poetry 8 has... domosb c has... dapes T hos... lares 
Heinsius 
34. 1 messes b menses Lc (E) 3 quarum b  gzoruz c (E) 


8 velis b (L) c(E) voles T 

57. 5 magistriac magisterb(L) ^ 9 palucis Friedlander padw- 
dis b(L)c(E) éa/ucis Turnebus Heinsius 22colle b monte c (E) 
23 clausus c (E) Zazus b (L) Ly 

82. 4 acceptasb exceptasc(E) | 5laxum Japsum Q ^ 5,12col- 
liget G colligit LE 10 dicet dices c (E) ii feret d7bet Hart- 
man tropin m  Zzopiz Mss 

04. 5 Calabris calabris T doctis b (L) c (E) 9 potest b 
potes a c (E) fingere coepi aP scribere coepi L Qf — pingere possis 
c (E) io palma T famabc(E) formal 


Book XIII 


I. 5 talo b(L) c(E) ¢e/o T Ly This is a possible reading; gam- 
bling is often enough described in military terms (cf. e.g. Iuv. 1. 90-92 
fostta . . .luditur arca. Proelia quanta illic dispensatore videbis armigero! 
Cf. also depugnat in our text, with note 

3. 4 facietb c faciat T Ly 

77. x defecta c defacta a — deficiens b (L) 


Book XIV 


37. 1selectos T constrictos b (L) c (constictos E) 

187. 1hacac ZaebE 

189. riuvenale TRe zwvemile QF — 2necbc(E) mon TR 
194. 1dicant TPc dicunt RQ 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED IN 
THE NOTES 


The various works cited are indicated by the abbreviations used in 
the notes. 

This index supplies material for interesting and instructive study. 
When all allowances have been made for personal bias of an editor for 
certain parts of Latin literature and for his consequently greater famil- 
iarity with such parts, the illustrative passages cited by him in his 
Commentary throw much light on the range of his author’s interests, 
subject-matter, reading, etc. Thus, what is said in § 33 about the limi- 
tations of M.’s acquaintance with Greek models is fully confirmed by 
the very small number of passages to be found in this index from Greek 
authors. In like manner the passages cited from Catullus, Horace, 
Ovid, and Vergil illuminate §§ 33-34. How deeply interested M. was 
in the subjects that claimed the attention of his contemporaries is seen 
by the passages cited from Pliny the Younger, Petronius, Statius, and 
Juvenal. The passages from Juvenal light up § 19; those from Statius 
supplement § 18. 


Aelius Lampridius, Alex. Sev. (38) — Apollonius Sidonius, Ep. (2. 9. 4) 


5. 29. Introd. 4. 14. 8; (2. 10. 4-6) 4. 64. 22; 
Aeschylus, Prometheus, 11. 84. 9. (2. 10. 6) 7. 21. 2; (8. 8. 3) 12. 
Ammianus Marcellinus (14. 6. 25) 29. 5. 

13. 1. 5. Apuleius, M. (1. 4) 1. 41. 7 ; (1.23) 
Anthologia Latina (937. 1) 8. 73.8 ; 12. 82. 7. 

(1349 Meyer) s. 34. 10; (2. — Augustinus, Ep. (26) 8. 13. 1. 

1362. 6) 4. 44. 8. M. Aurelius, ap. Front. Ep. (2. 10) 
Apicius (7. 265) 1o. 48. 15. 1. 66. 3. 

Apollonius Sidonius, C. (1. 9) 4. — Ausonius, Clar. Urb. (84) 10. 104. 4. 

14. 1; (3. 8) 1. 3. 5-6; (4. 1-8) Commemoratio Professorum, 

8. 55. 8; (9. 1) 8. 76. 1; (9. 142) (1. 2) 2. 9o. 2. 

IO. 20. 14; (9. 322-326) 6. 55. Ep. (14. 1) 10.62. 10; (14. 14-15) 

33 (9. 342-343) I. 3. 6; (15. I. 38. 1-2. 


189) r. 4. 2; (23. 235-237) 12. Epitaph. (33 (35). 1) 10. 53. 1-2. 
21. 5-6; (23. 277) 10. 35. 6; Idyll. (15. 13-14) 1. 15. 7. 
(23. 288) 9. 11. 5. Ord. Urb. Nob. (1) 9. 59. 2. 

341 


342 


Caesar, B. G. (1. 25. 6) 10. 104. 11; 
(2. 6. 1) 10. 104. 11; (2. 12. 3) 
IO. 104. I1; (3. 21. 2) 10. 104. 
Il. 
Cato, Dist. (2. 26) 8. 9. 3. 
R.R. (5. 2) 2. 11. 2; (25) 4. 44. 2. 
Catullus (1. 1) 3. z. 1; (1. 2) 1. 66. 
10; (1. 3-4) 1. 113. 6; (1. 5-6) 
1. 25.73 (2) 1. 109. 1; (2. 1) 
1. 109. 5; (3) I. 109. 1; (3. 1) 
9. 11.9; IO. 35. II-I2; II.I3. 
6; (3. 4) 1. 109. 5; (5. 1) 1. 15. 
12; (11. 1-2) 10. 13. 7-8; (12. 
4-5) 3. 12. 3; (13. 1) 11. 52. 1; 
(13. 7-8) 5. 39. 7; (14. 17-18) 
4. 86. 10; (22. 7) 1. 66. 11; 3. 
2. 11; (22. 8) 1. 66. 10; (24. 10) 
1. 76. 5; (35. 10) 1. 109. 13; 
(39. 12) 1.72.33 (63) 7. 73:35 
' (64. 100) 9. 60. 3; (68. 46) 12. 
3. 41 (68. 132) 5. 29. 3; (68. 
148) 9. 52. 4-5; (78) 1. 9. 1; 
(80. 1-2) 12. 82. 7; (85) 1. 32. 
1; (92. 2) 2. 69. 2; (95. 1-2) 10. 
21. 4; (99. 2) 9. 11. 5; (105. 1) 
I2. 11.3; (107. 6) 9. 52. 4-5; 
(115. 3-6) 5. 39. 8. 
Celsus (3. 1) 1. 89. 5. 
Cicero, Att. (1. 12. 4) 12.24. 4-5; 
(7-7-4) 10. 25. 41 (7. 10) 12. 
24. 4-5. 
Cat. (3. 2. 5-6) 3. 14. 4; (4. 8. 16) 
6. 82. 6. 
Cato M. (3.7) 8. 35. 1; 10. 47.73 
(15. 51) 10. 47. 4; (15. 53) 12. 
31. 2; (16. 56) 5. 14. 2; (18. 63) 
10. 10. 9; (23. 84) 7. 96.8. 
De Or. (1. 58. 249) 4. 8. 1; (2. 13. 
57) 1. 107. 3; (2. 59. 239) 1. 4. 
4; (2.68. 276) 2. 5. 5. 
Fam. (4. 5. 4) 10. 83. 9. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Cicero, Flacc. (7. 17) 3. 99. Introd.; 
(27. 64) 6. 82. 6. 

Invent. (1. 25. 35) 10. 96. 6. 

Mur. (6. 13) 2. 7. 5. 

Off. (1. 16. 51) 2. 43. 1; (1. 18. 61) 
10. 30. 10; (1. 29. 104) I. 41. 1; 
(3: 1. 1) 11. 35.45 (3: 13. 55) 
1. 85. 5-6. 

Or. (7. 23) 4. 86. 1. 

Phil. (2. 16. 41) 7. 86. 5. 

Rosc. Amer. (6. 17) Lib. Spect. 
29. 9; (46. 133) 1. 12. 3. 

Tusc. (1. 9. 18) 11. 84. 17; (3. 25. 
61) 6. 70. 12; (5. 34. 98) 10. 31. 
4; (5. 36. 103) 1. 1. 1-2; (5. 36. 
105) 1. 107. 3; (5. 39. 114) 4. 
30. Io. ; 

Claudius, III Cons. Hon. (Praef. 
I1I-12) 8. 5o. 4. 

IV Cons. Hon. (14-15) 10. 10. I. 

Panegyr. Manl Theod. Cos. 
(163-165) 11. 5.8. 

Columella, R. R. (8.8) 12.29.6; 
(10. 369) 10. 48. 16. 

Consol. ad Liv. (447—449) 10. 53.4. 

C. L. L. (1, p. 393) 12. 67. 1; (1. 685) 
1.72.8; (3.1. 1769) 12. 36.1; 
(3. Suppl. 8376) 10. 53.5; (4, 
1179) 5. 24. 8; (4. 1589, 1590) 
I. 109. 1 ; (4. 1936) 12.82. 3-4; 
(6. 1152) 1. 41. 8; (6. 2. 10048) 
10. 53. 4; (10. 3692) 11. 8o. I. 

Curtius (7.8. 24) 1. 15.9; (7. 9.19) 
7.96. 5; (9. 6. 19) To. 53. 4. 

Digesta (32. 100. 4) 9. 59. 9; (34. 2. 
13 (14)) 12. 24. 2. 

Dio Cassius (66. 21-23) 4. 44. 
Introd. 

Donatus, Vita Verg. (2) 12. 67. 3. 

Ennodianus, C. (2. 12. 10) 4. 75. 6. 

Euripides, Orest. (735) 2. 43. 1. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 343 


Festus (148) 12. 67. 1; (343) 12. 
67. 2.. 

Florus (1. 11. 16. 5) 4. 44. 1. 

Gellius (1. 14) 11. 5.8; (1. 24.3) 11. 
13. 7; (6. 14. 1-3) 13. 3. 15 (11. 
16) 2. 7. 8; (16. 19) 8. 50. 15. 

Herodotus (4. 64) 1o. 62. 8. 

Homer, Il. (1. 528-530) 1. 4. 2; 
(2. 461) 1. 53. 7-8; (2. 622 ff.) 
8. 6. 9; (5. 31) 9. 11. r5; (9. 
201 ff.) 8. 6. 12. 

Od. (7-12) 4. 64. 29; (7. 117 ff.) 
IO. 94. 2. 

Horace, A. P. (73-75) 8. 3. 14; 
(189-190) 1.4. 5; (249) 1. 41. 
5-6; (270-271) 1.41.16; (285) 
z. 14. 1; (291) 10. 2. 3; (331- 
332) 3. 2. 7: (342) 1. 25. 4; 
(382) 12. 94. 6, 9. 

C. (1. 1.1) 8. 55. 9; 12. 3. 2; (1.2. 
11-12) 13. 94. 2; (1. 2. 45-46) 
12.6.6; (1.4. 10) 1. 41. 6; (1.4. 
13-14) 3. 58. 46; 10.20. 12-13; 
(1. 7. 1) 4. 57. 9; (1. 8) 2. 14. 
3-4i (1. 9. 7-8) To. 94. 3; (1. 
11. 6-7) 4. 54. 3; (1. 11. 8) 7. 
47. 11; (1. 12. 39-44) 11. 5. 7; 
(1. 12. 41) 2. 36. 1; (1. 14. 8) 
5. 24. I0; (1. 16. 30) 9. 52. 4-5; 
(1. 17. 2-3) 10. 30. 14; (I. 17. 
18-20) 5. 24. 10; (1. 19. 1) r1. 
13. 6; (1.19. 5-6) 1. 88. 5; (1. 
20. 5) 8. 55. 9; (1. 22. 19-20) 
7. 36. 2; (1. 22.23) z. 66. 3; 
(1. 24. 1-2) 9. 68. 2; (1. 24. 5) 
I. IO. 4; (1. 24. 9) 10. 61. 6; 
(1. 32. 1) 1. 113. 1; (1. 38) 12. 
31. 1-2; (1. 38.2) 5.64.4; (2. 3- 
19-20) 13. 126. 1; (2. 3. 24) 3. 
43. 33 (2. 6. 1-4) 10. 13. 7-8; 
(2. 6. 5) 4. 57. 3; (2. 6. 10-12) 


Horace, C. (continued). 


2.43.33 (2. 7. 21) 4. 69. 1; (2. 
11. 13-17) 3. 12. 1; (2. 13. 8) 
3. 58. 6; (2. 13. 13-14) 4. 18. 
Introd.; (2.13. 21-22) 1. 12.6; 
(2. 13. 26-28) 12.96. 6; (2. 14. 
Iff) 5. 58. 1; (2. 14. 22-25) 
6. 28. 3; (2. 15. 1-2) 1. 12. 7; 
(2. 15. 2-4) 4. 30. Introd.; (2. 
18. 3-5) 5. 13. 5; (2. 18. 18) 10. 
30. 17-18; (2. 20. 17-20) 1.1.2; 
(3: 1. 1-4) 7.63: 5; (3. 1. 4) 9. 
68. 2; (3. 1. 33) 10. 30. 17-18; 
(3. 1. 33-37) 9. 22. 16; (3.3. 
11-12) 4.8. 9; (3. 4. 5-6) 4. 14. 
8; (3. 4. 22) 1. 12. 1; (3. 4. 23) 
I2. 31. 1-2; (3. 4. 61-62) 9. 
I8. 5; (3. 4. 79-80) 1. 43. 1; 
(3. 6. 30) 12. 57. 10; (3. 7) 10. 
66. 7; (3. 8. 5) 10. 76.6; (3.8. 
9-12) 12. 82. 11; (3. 9. 21-22) 
Io. 66. 7; (3. 9. 22) 4. 14. 4; 
(3. 9. 24) 12. 46. 2; (3. 13. 3-5) 
3. 58. 11; (3. 16. 20) 8. 55. 9; 
(3. 17. 7) 10. 30.95 (3. 19. 3) 
3. 46. 7-8; (3. 19. 14) 8. 55. 17; 
(3- 21. 5) 4.69. 1; (3.24. 19-20) 
8. 12. 3; (3. 24. 58) 4. 14. 7; 
(3. 29. 1) 8. 55. 9; (3. 29. 10) I. 
12. 7; (3. 29. 19-20) 4. 57. 5; 
(3. 29. 25-28) 5. 37. 8; (3. 29. 
41—43) 1. 15. 12; (3. 29. 60-61) 
5.42. 6; (3. 30) 1. 61. 10-11; (3. 
30. 1-2) 8. 3. 5-6; (3. 30. 6-7) 
10. 2. 8; 8. 43. 4; (3. 30. 10-14) 
1. 61. 8, 11-12; (4. 2. 1-4) 8. 18. 
6; (4. 2. 7-8) 8.18.8; 14. 186. 1; 
(4. 2. 9712) 8. 18. 6; (4. 2. 25- 
32) 8. 18. 6; (4. 2. 27-32) 12. 
94-93 (4. 3: 22) 9. 97. 41 (4. 4- 
31-32) 10. 65. 12; (4. 4. 49) 4. 


H 


344 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Horace, C. (continued). Horace, Epod. (continued). 


14. 2; (4- 5. 7-8) 5. 20. 11-12; 
(4- 5. 30) 3- 58. 33 (4 7. 19-20) 
13. 126.1; (4. 7. 27-28) 7. 47.4; 
(4. 8. 5-8) 4. 39. 2; (4. 8. 11- 
12) 7. 17. 8; (4.8. 21) 1.25.7; 
(4.9.9) 9. 26. 10; (4. 9. 28) 7. 
63. 5; (4- 14- 43-44) 1. 3. 3- 
Ep. (1. 1. 2) Lib. Spect. 29. 9; 
(1. 1.62 ff.) 5. 8. Introd.; (1. 1. 
77-79) 9- 88. 4; (1.1. 94-97) 1. 
103. 5; (1. 1. 95-96) 2. 58. 1; 
(1.2. 56) 12. 10. 2; (1.3. 12-13) 
8. 18. 6; (1.4. 11) 5.39.4; (1.4. 
13) 4- 54- 4i (1. 5.12) 5.53. 2; 
(1. 5. 13-14) r3. 126. 1; (1. 5. 
16-20) 9. 11. 5; (1. 5. 24-25) 1. 
27. Introd.; (1.5.25) 10. 47.7; 
(1. 5. 27-28) 11. 52. 2; (1. 5. 
30-31) 5. 22. 10; (1.7. 44) 1. 3. 
3; (1. 7. 46-48) 4. 8. 4; (1. 10. 
II) 5. 39. 3; (1. 11. 7-8) 4.64. 
15; (I1. I4. 2I) 1.41.10; (1. 15. 
5) 3. 58. 2; (1. 15. 17) 12. 29.8; 
(1. 17. 6-8) 12. 57.28; (1. 17. 7) 
4. 64. 20; (1.17. 54) 5. 42. 1; 
(1. 18. 53) 1. 41. 5-6; (1. 19. 
12—13) 4. 14. 11; (1. 19.19-20) 
5. 26. 3; (1.20) 1. 3. 11; (1.20. 
2) 1. 66. 10; (1.20.3) 1.66. 6; 
(1.20. 20) ro. 96. 6; (1.20. 20- 
21) 1. 3. Introd.; (2. 1. 15-22) 
1.1.6; (2. 1. 19 ff.) 8.69. 1; (2. 
I. 54) 7. 17. 3; (2. 1. 70) 9. 68. 
3-4; (2.1. 91-92) 8. 3. 4; (2. 1. 
175) 5. 39. 7; (2. 1. 269-270) 3. 
2. 4-5; (2.2. 65-80) 12. 57. 3; 
(2. 2. 90) 8. 73. 7: (2. 2. 91) z. 
7. 2; (2.2. 180—182) 1. 109. 18. 
Epod. (2. 1 ff.) 10. 47. 3; (2. 3) 1. 
12.3; 5. 42.2; (2. 7-8) 1.70.13; 


5.20.5; (2. 11-12) 3. 58. 10; (2. 
26) 3. 58.19; (2. 33-34) 3.58. 
26; (2. 41-42) 8. 55. 18; (2. 47) 
8.18.1; (2. 57-58) 10. 48. 7; (2. 
60) 10. 48. 14; (2. 65-66) 3. 58. 
22; (4. 11) 10. 5. 14; (9. 33) 8. 
6. 11; (15. 12) 2. 69.8; (17. 7) 
8. 57. 17. 


. (1.1. 9-10) z. 18. 3; (1. 1.22) 


1. 103. 4;. (I. 1. 25-26) 11. 86. 
43 (1.1. 74) 1.25.23 (1. 1.80- 
81) z. 41. 19; (1. 1. 90-91) 12. 
36. 13; (1. 1. 120) 8. 9. 2; (1. z. 
41-42) 8. 23. 3; (1. 2. 115-116) 
3.45. 5; (1. 3. 30-32) 1. 103. 5; 
(1. 3. 32-33) 10.72.8-9; (1.3. 
38-40) 3. 15. 2; (1. 3. 119) 8. 
23.3: (1. 3:133) 1. 3: 115 (1.3. 
133-134) 11.84. 7; (1.4. 1) 6. 
82. 1; (1. 4. 1-13) 12.94. 7; (1. 
4-65-66) 4.8.2; (1.4. 71-72) 
I. I17. I1; (1. 4. 74-76) 3. 22.4; 
(1.4.85) 12. 54. 15 (1. 5. 11-23) 
10. 58.4; (I. 5. 41-42) 8.73. 2; 
(1. 5.63) 2.7. 5; (1.6) 8.18.7; 
(1. 6. 5) 1. 3.6; (1. 6. 38-39) 12. 
17. I0; (1. 6. 75) 10.62. 11; (I. 
6. 104-105) 9. 22. 13-14; (1. 6. 
II4—1I5) I. 41. 6; 10.48. 9; (1. 
8.1 ff.) 3.58.47; (1.9. 47-48) 
2.69. 1; (I. 10. 43) 8. 18. 7; 
(1. 10. 74-75) 8. 3.13, 15; (1. 
10.90-91) 3.63.7; (2. 1.24-25) 
2. 7. 5; (2.1. 52-53) 13. 94. 1; 
(2. 2) 11. 52. Introd.; (2.2.23) 
1. 43. 2; (2. 2. 89-92) 1. 43. 11; 
(2.2.95-96) 13. 1. 8; (2.2. 120- 
121) 12. 17.9; (2. 3. 20-21) 8. 
6. Introd.; (2. 3. 254—255) 4. 
4I. 1; (2.4.22) 9. 48. 5; (2.4. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Horace, S. (continued). 

62) 1. 41. 10; (2. 5) 1. 10. In- 
trod.; (2. 5.23-26) 6.63.5; (2. 
5. 106-109) 1. 10.4; (2. 6) ro. 
30. 27; (2. 6. 16) 1. 12. 1; (2.6. 
45) 4- 57. 10; 8. 14.2; (2.6. 51- 
53) 5-64. 6; (2.6.60-63) 12. 18. 
15; (2.6.63-64) 10. 48. 16; (2. 
6. 65-67) 1. 41.2; 3. 58. 22; (2. 
6. 80-81) 8.14.7; (2.6.93) 14. 
188. 2; (2. 7. 79-80) 2.18. 7; 
(2. 8. 3) 12. 17. 9; (2.8. 13-15) 
IO. 31. 4; (2. 8. 18-19) 12. 17. 
9; (2. 8. 64) 1. 3.6; (2.8. 79) 
I. 4. 5. 

Hyginus, Fab. (96) 12.82. 10; (154) 
4. 32. Introd.; (223) Lib. Spect. 
I. Introd.; (243) 4.75.6. 

Inscriptions: see C. I. L. 

Orelli-Henzen (2813) 1.100. 1-2; 
(6446) 1.16. Introd. 

Isidorus, Orig. (10. 43) 10. 62. 4; 
(12. 1. 22) 13. 94. 2. 

Justinus (9.2.9) 1.61.3; (21.5.4) 
3.63. 8. 

Juvenal (1. 2-14) 4. 49. 3-4; (1.3) 
I. IO. 4; (1. 4-6) 4. 86. 11; (1. 
12-13) 8. 3. 14; (1. 15) 9. 68. 
3-4; 10. 62. 10; (1. 17-18) 12. 
18. 1; 13. 1. 3; (1.24)6. 17. 1; 
(1. 26) 7.99. 2; (1. 26-29) 7.99. 
Introd.; (1. 36) 1. 4. 5; (1. 44) 
7. 88. 5; (1. 45-80) 12. 18. 1; 
(1. 46-47) 2. 57- 5; (1. 51)8. 3. 
18; (1. 52) 4. 49. 5; (1. 64-65) 
4. 64. 32; (1. 69-72) 4. 69. 2; 
(1.74) 1.10. 4; 10. 76. 8; (1.75) 
8. 14. Introd.; (1. 76) 8. 50. 9; 
(1. 88-89) 13. 1. 5-6; (1. 89- 
go) 1. 76. 5; (1.94-95) 1.20. 2; 
(1. 94) 7. 59. 1; (1. 95-111) 2. 


345 


Juvenal (continued). 
18. 2; (I. 99-102) ro. 10. 2; 
(1. 109) 8. 3. 6; (1. 117-120) 
4. 26. 4; 10. I0. 2, 11; (I. 120) 
1. 70. 6; (I. 120-121) 3. 7. 1; 
IO. IO. 4; (I. 132-134) 3. 7. 2; 
(1. 136) 2. 18. 5; (1. 140-141) 
1. 20. 3; I. 43. 2; 7. 59. 15; (I. 
151-171) 12.94.7; (1. 155-157) 
4.86. 8; (1. 165-167) 12.94. 7; 
(1. 170-171) 1. 88. Introd.; 6. 
28. 5; (2. 28) 5. 69. 2; (2. 34- 
35) 11.92. 2; (2. 42) 1. 117. 14; 
(3) 10. 10. 4; (3. 4-5) 10. 58. 1; 
IO. 104.14; (3. 11) 4. 18. 2; (3. 
13-16) 12. 57. 13; (3. 18-20) 
2.90.8; (3. 19-20) 1. 53. 6; (3. 
21—57) 3. 38. Introd.; (3. 27) 
1. 88. 9; (3. 33) 1. 85. Introd.; 
(3. 34) 3: 58. 51 ; (3. 34-37) Lib. 
Spect. 29. 3; (3. 44-45) 6.82.2; 
(3. 55) 7.88.7 ; (3. 58-125) Lib. 
Spect. 1. 1; (3. 69 ff.) 5. 22.2; 
(3. 74-125) 3. 38. Introd.; (3. 
75-80) 2. 7. 1; (3. 104) 2. 18. 2; 
(3. 104—106) ro. 1o. 10; (3. 105) 
10. 58. 11-12; (3. 107 ff.) 1. 117. 
7; (3. 126-130) 2. 18. 2, 3; 10. 
10. 2; (3. 127-130) 9. 100. 4; 
(3. 137-141) 11. 5. 2; (3. 147- 
151) 1. 103. 5; (3. 149-150) 12. 
29. 9; (3. 153 ff.) 5. 8. Introd.; 
5.13. 2; (3. 157) 1. 85. Introd.; 
(3. 166-167) 10. 96.9; (3. 171- 
172) 10. 47. 5; (3. 184-185) Io. 
IO. 5; (3. 186) 12. 18. 25; (3. 
190) 1.12. 1; (3. 197-222) 3. 52. 
2; (3. 212-222) 3. 52. 4; 12. 57. 
19; (3. 225) 2. 14. 12; (3. 226- 
227) 9. 18. 3; (3. 232) 1. 70. 6; (3. 
232-233) 6. 70. 9; (3. 232-238) 


346 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Juvenal (covtinued). Juvenal (continued). 


IO. 74. I2; (3. 239 ff.) 1. 70. 
Introd.; (3. 243-248) 5. 22. 
6; (3. 247) 5. 22.73 (3. 257- 
260) 5. 22. 8; (3. 269 ff.) 1. 117. 
7; (3. 270) 11. 18. 2; (3. 282- 
284) 12. 36. 2; (3. 290) I. 53. 12; 
(3. 292-293) 5. 39. 10; (3. 293- 
294) 10. 48. 9; (4. 12) 9. 15.2; 
(4-13-14) 5. 14. 5; (4. 15-16) 2. 
43. 11; (4. 22-23) 2. 69. 3; (4- 
25-26) 10. 31. 6; (4. 38) 1. 72. 
8; (4. 47) 1. 70. 6; (4. 80) 12. 6. 
12; (4. 81-93) 4. 54. 7; (4. 108- 
109) 3. 12. 5; (4. 116-118) 2. 
19. 3; (4. 117-118) 1. 3. 7; (4. 
139-143) 3. 45. 6; (4. 145) 1. 4. 
4; (5) 1. 43. Introd.; (5.8) 10. 
5. 33 (5. 10-11) 10. 5. 5; (s. 
14-15) 10. 30. 26; (s. 19 ff.) 1. 
70. Introd.; (5. 19-23) 2. 18. 3; 
(5. 20) 11. 3. 3; (5. 26-29) 8. 6. 
7-8; (s. 29) 8. 6. 2; (5. 36-37) 
12. 67. 4; (5. 43-45) 9. 59. 20; 
(5.4748) 1. 41. 4-51 (5. 52-53) 
12. 24. 6-71 (5. 52-60) 2. 43. 14; 
(5. 56-57) 9. 22. 12; (5. 74-75) 
10.83.9; (5. 76 ff.) 1. 70. Introd.; 
(5. 76-79) 5. 22. 11; (5. 84-85) 
10. 48. 11; (5. 84-92) 2. 43. 12; 
(5.85) 3. 12. 5; (5. 108-111) 12. 
36.9; (5. 114-116) 9. 48.6; (s. 
120-124) To. 48. 15; (5. 137) 
IO. IO. 5; (5. 146-148) 1. 20. 2; 
1.20. 41 3.60. 5; (5.147) 1.43.9; 
(5. 151—152) 10. 94. 2; (6. 66) 
1.4.5; (6. 66-68) 1. 4. 4; (Schol. 
on 6. 104) 5. 24. 10; (6. 136- 
141)8.12.3; (6. 204) Lib. Spect. 
29.6; (6. 235-236) 2.16. 2; (6. 
270) 3. 44. 6; (6. 387—388) 4. 54. 


1; (6. 402-404) 3. 63. 11; (6. 
415-416) 4. 64. 21-22; (6. 435- 
436) 2. 90. 9; (6.442) 12. 57. 16; 
(6. 458-459) 9. 59. 18; (6. 460) 
8. 12. 3; (6. 487—496) 2. 66. 
Introd.; (6. 496) 2. 66. 1-2; (6. 
5II—SI2) 12. 57. 11; (6. 533 f£.) 
2. 7. 41 (6. 573) 5. 37. 11; (6. 
620 ff.) 1. 20. 4; (6.638) 9. 15. 
2; (6.652-654) 1. 109. 5; 4.75. 
6; (7. 1-12) 1. 107. Introd.; 3. 
38. Introd.; €&7. 24-26) 14. 37. 
2; (7. 26-29) 1. 76. 3; (7. 28) 
8. 14. 5; (7. 36-68) 1. 107. In- 
trod.; (7. 45-47) 1. 76. 13; (7. 
52-73) 8. 55. 11-12; (7. 53-70) 
3. 38. Introd.; (7. 91-92)3. 38. 
II-I2; (7. 94) 1. 107. 4; (7. 
94 ff.) 8. 55. 5; (7. 94-97) 8. 55. 
11-12; (7. 98) 13. 1. 3; (7. 99) 
8. 3. 18; (7. 103) 1. 107. 7; (7. 
105—123) 1. 107. Introd.; 3. 38. 
Introd.; (7. 105-149) r. 98. In- 
trod.; (7. 112-121) 3. 38. 5-6; 
(7. 113-114) 10. 74. 5-6; (7. 
124-128) 9. 68. 6; (7. 130) 1.3. 
6; (7. 133) 9. 59. 14; (7. 138) 
2. 57. 2; (7. 141—143) 2. 18. 5; 
(7. 141-145) 3. 38. 5-6; (7. 150 
ff.) 5. 56. 3; (7. 175-177) 3 4- 
8; (7. 178-179) 1. 12. 5; 12. 
17. 3; (7. 178-181) 9. 22. 13- 
14; (7. 215 ff.) 5. 56. 3; (7. 
219-227) 9. 68. 3-4; (8. 1) 8. 
6. 3,93 (8. 2) 1. 61. 3; (8. 7) 
1. 70. 6; (8. 7-9) 8.6. 3-4; (8. 
15) 5.37. 23 (8.17) 1. 53. 3i 
(8. 27-28) 12. 6. 7; (8. 29-30) 
IO. 31. 5; (8. 36-37) 5. 22.8; (8. 
57 ff.) 3.63. 12; (8.:57-59) 1o. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED. 347 


Juvenal (continued). 


56. 1; (8. 58) 1. 70. 6; (8. 59) 
4.8.2; (8. 77) 1. 12. 7; (8.78) 
3- 58. 3: (8.85-86) 9. 26.2; (8. 
102-104) 4. 39. 2; (8. 103-104) 
10.89. Introd., 1; (8. 104)1.70.6; 
(8. 107) 1. 4. 5; (8. 112-113) Io. 
65. 1; (8. 114-115) 10. 65. 9; 
(8. 145) t. 53.4-5; (8. 160-161) 
6.88. 2; (8. 171-176) 1. 41. 10; 
(8. 203-206) 5. 24. 12 ; (8. 228- 
229) 4. 49. 8; (9. 10-11) 1. 41. 
16; (9. 28-30) 6. 11.7; (1o.7- 
8) 1. 103. 4; (10. 21) ro. 20. 18; 
(10. 25-27) 4.69. 1; (10. 26-27) 
9. 59. 17; (10. 44-45) 2. 29. 4; 
(10. 44-46) 2. 18. 5; (10. 47) 1. 
4- 4; (10. 47-50) Io. 25. 3; (ro. 
52-53) 6. 70. 5; (10. 72-73) Io. 
10. 4; (10. 87-88) 1. 103. 11; 
(1o. 100) 4. 64. 15; (10. 143- 
146) 10. 2. 9; (10. 144-146) I. 
88. 4; (10.176) 2. 29. 3; (10. 
201-202) 1. 10. Introd.; (ro. 
221) 1. 47. Introd.; (10. 225) 
6.17.1; (10. 241) 7. 96.8; (10. 
246—247) 6.70.12; (10. 316) ro. 
5. 14; (10. 356) 10. 47. 6; (1o. 
356-362) 10. 47. 12-13; (II. 
2-3) 2. 69. 3; (11. 42-43) 8. 5. 
2; (11.71—72) 1.43.3; (11.81) 
I. 4I. IO; (11.120 ff.) 3. 12.1; 
3. 58. 28; (11. 120-122) 13. 


Juvenal (continued). 


126-133) 1. 103. 7; (14. 127- 
128) 10. 66. 3-4; (14. 129-133) 
IO. 48. 17; (14. 134) 2. 69. 8; 
(14. 138-139) 5. 39.7 ; (14.144) 
1.70.6; (14. 166—167) 10. 6r. 
5; (14. 200 ff.) 1. 41. 5; (14. 
220-222) 10. 43. Introd.; (14. 
274-275) 7. 73: 3-45 (14. 301- 
302) 12.57.12; (14. 328-329) 
5. 39- 8; (15. 15-16) 5. 26. 3; 
(15. 30-31) 4. 49. 8; (15. 126- 
127) 10. 30. 13. 


Livy (1. 1) 1. 76. 2; (1. 19. 5) 10. 35. 


I3; (2. 10. 11) 4. 64. 23-24 ; (2. 
12) 10. 25. 2; (8. 9. 12) 7. 92. 9; 
(21. 1. 1) 4. 44. 3; (21. 1. 5) 10. 
2. 1-2; (21. 4. 9) 4. 14. 2; (21. 
8. 5) 3. 58. 51; (21. 43. 2) 5. 49. 
13; (21. 44. 9) 5. 49. 13; (26. 5. 
9) 12. 57. 16; (38. 60. 9) 3. 52. 
4; (42. 36) Io. 3o. 2. 


Lucan (1. 504) r. 103. 4; (1. 685) 5. 


74. 2; (2.291) 12. 29.8; (4. 
682-683) 9. 22. 14; (5. 531- 
532) 1. 70. 14; (6. 382) 1. 107. 
8; (6. 390) 8.6. 7; (7.755) 7.88. 
7; (8. 208) 1. 4.2; (8. 542) Lib. 
Spect. 1. 1; (9. 130) 6. 8o. 1; (9. 
192) 11. 5. 1; (9. 718) 3. 44. 7; 
(Schol. on 9. 718) 3. 44. 7; (9. 
754) 3-44.75 (10. 144-145) 2. 
43-9; (10. 380-381) 5. 74. 2. 


94. Introd.; (11. 139) 3. 58.  Lucilius (Marx) (354-355) 9. 11.13- 
16; (1r. 162) r1. 41. 12; (12. 14; (1165-1166) 12. 57. 6. 
64-66) 4. 54. 5; (13. I) 1. 27. Lucretius (6. 1143) 1.25. 3. 

6; (13. 14) 6. 63. 8; (13. 60) Luke (11. 42) r1. 18. 4. 

I. 103. I1; (13. 79) 1. 76. 11; — Macrobius, S. (3. 13. 3) 9. 60. 16; 
(13. 241—242) 10. 72. 2; (14. (3. 15. 6) 4. 30. Introd.; (3. 15. 
62) 4. 39. 8; (14. 86-90) 1. 30. 16) 10. 30. 21; (7. 5. 32) 6. 8o. 
7; (14. 86-95) 9. 22. 16; (14. 2; 13. 127. 1; (7. 7. 12) 8. 35. 1. 


348 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Matthew (13. 12) 5. 81. Introd. 

Nepos, Att. (13. 3) 2. 1. 7. 

Orosius (6. 22) 6. 88. 2. 

Ovid, Am. (1. 8. 83) 1. 33.2; (1. 10. 
56) 10. 94. 2; (I. 10. 61-62) I. 
$8. 8; (1. 11. 1-2) 3. 63. 3; (1. 
12. 9-10) 9. 26. 4; (1. 13. 17)9. 
68. 3-4; (I. 13. 17-18) 9. 68. 5; 
(1. 15.8) 5. 13. 3; (1. 15. 13) 1. 
1. 2; (1. 15. 15) 12. 94- 3; (1.15. 
42) 10. 2. 8; (2. 1. 38) 8. 73. 8; 
(2. 6. 54) 10. 17. 6; (2.6. 55) 15. 
70. 1; (2. 6. 56) 1. 109. 2; 8. 32. 
2; (2. 7. 22) 10. 5. 14; (2. 10. 
19) 12. 29. 7; (3. 1. 5-7) 8. 5. 
10; (3. 1. 65) 8.73. 45 (3- 3- 41) 
3. 46. 9; (3- 5. 11) 12. 82. 7; (3. 
6. 8) 12. 29. 10; (3. 9. 27) 7. 47- 
73 (3. 9. 29-30) 8. 3. 18; (3. 9- 
31) 8. 73.7; (3.9.62) 1. 61. 1; 
(3. 11. 39) 12. 46.2; (3. 15. 7-8) 
1.61.1. 

A.A. (1. 37) 4. 54. 8; (1. 67) 2. 14. 
10; (1. 77) 2. 14. 8; (1. 383) 3- 
63. 9; (1. 421-422) 12. 57. 14; 
(1. 516) 12. 29. 9; (1. 595) 3. 63. 
6; (2.107) 6. 11. 10; (2. 169) 
2. 36. 1; (2. 327-330) 7. 54. 7; 
(2. 421-423) 10. 48. 10; (3. 21 
ff.) 4.75. 5: (3- 33) 4- 14. 13; 
(3- 113-114) 9. 59. 2; (3. 119) 
12. 2I. 3; (3. 129) 1. 109. 4; (3. 
239) 2. 66. 4; (3. 239-242) 2. 
66. Introd.; (3. 271) 12. 29. 9; 
(3.279 ff.) 2. 41. 1; (3. 512-513) 
2. 41. 1; (3. 661) 7. 47. 11. 

F. (1. 208) 9. 22. 6; (1. 280) 1. 70. 
14; (1. 415) 3. 58. 47; (2. 64) 
IO. 13.9; (2. 79 ff.) 8. 50. 15; 
(3. 275) 10. 35. 13; (3. 523 f£) 
4. 64. 16-17; (3. 675-676) 4. 


Ovid, F. (continued). 


64. 16-17; (3. 695) 4. 64. 16- 
17; (4. 1) 11. 13. 6; (4. 111) 4. 
54. 5; (4. 212-214) 11.84. 3-4; 
(4. 441) 1. 70. 6; (5. 518) 12. 
82. 11; (5. 619-620) To. 48. 1; 
(6. 594) 2. 69. 8; (6. 697-698) 
8. 50. 14; (6. 722) 1o. 30. 6. 

Hal. (34-35) 10. 30. 16; (106) 3. 
60. 6. 

Her. (4. 55-56) Lib. Spect. 1. 4; 
(6. 144) 1. 109. 13; (7. 1-2) 13. 
77. Introd.; (7. 78) 5. 42. 6; 
(9. 32) 8. 12. 33 (9. 67-68) 4. 
49. 4; (12. 161-162) 5.24. 15; 
(16. 179-180) 8. 6. 6; (17 (18). 
163-165) r. 76. 1; (21. 99) 
Lib. Spect. 1. 4. 

Ib. (113-114) 10. 5. 3-5; (453- 
454) 11. 84. 3-43 (462) 8. 57. 4. 

Med. Fac. (33-534) 13.70. 1; (73- 
74) 1. 72. 6. 

M. (1. 253 f£.) 5. 53. 4; (1. 316) 
4.64.9; (2.5) 8. 50. 7; (2. 116) 
8. 50. 16; (2. 137) 10. 20. 18; 
(2. 340 ff.) 4. 32. Introd.; (2. 
822) 10. 10. 7-8; (3. 586-587) 
3. 58. 27; (4. 128—129) 8. so. 
25; (4. 332 ff.) 12.57. 16; (5.* 
17-18) 10. 72.8-9; (5. 359-361) 
IO. 50. 5-6; (5. 507—508) r0. 72. 
8-9; (6. 248-249) 10. 50. 2; 
(6. 430-431) 8. 43. 2; (7. 530- 
531) 8. 5o. 7-8; (7. 800) 10. 13. 
9; (8. 208) 14. 188. 2; (8. 217) 3. 
58.27; (8. 396) 8. 3. 15; (8. 526) 
1. 3. 5; (8. 658-659) 9. 100. 5; 
(8. 661-662) 2. 43. 10; (8. 667) 
II. 52. 9; (8.743-744) 9: 60.9; 
(8. 746) 9. 6o. 12; (9. 454-455) 
IO. 35. 7 i (10. 126—127) 1o. 58. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 349 


Ovid, M. (continued). 


3; (10.196) 10. 50. 5-6; (1o. 
550) 13.94. 1 ; (11. 110) 9. 6o. 
3; (11.182) 6. 52. 3-4; (11. 196) 
8.6. 5; (12. 235-236) 8. 50. 9; 
(12. 235-244) 8. 6. 7-8; (13. 
I-2) I. 41. 5-6; (13. 542-544) 
2. 41. I4; (13. 789) 9. 26. 3; 
(13. 802) 5. 37. 12; (14. 53-54) 
8. 50. 8; (14. 111-112) 1.93.2; 
(15. 226-227) 7.63. 11; (15. 
486-487) 4. 75. 2; (15. 875- 
876) 10.2.8; (15. 877-878) 
8. 3. 7. 

Pont. (1. 5. 57-58) 1. 76. 3; (1. 6. 
31-32) 9. 22. 4; (2. 4. 17-18) 
10. 2. 3; (2. 5. 37-38) 2. 29.41 
5. 37. 6; (2. 8. 26) 1. 4. 2; (4. 5. 
29) 10. 104. 15; (4.6. 5) 10. 23. 
2; (4. 15. 7-8) 1. 43. 6; (4.16. 
2-3) I. 1. 6; (4. 16. 29-30) 
8.3. 13. 

Rem. Am. (39) 8. 5o. 13; (85-86) 
9. 60.8; (375-376) 8. 3. 13; 
(757) 4. 14. 13. 

Tr. (1. 1) 3. 2. Introd.; (1. 1. 1) 
1. 3. Introd. ; (1.1.7) 3. 2.11; 
(1. 1. 11) 1.66. 10; 3. 2. 8; (1.1. 
15) 1.70.1; (1. 1. 15-19) 3.4. 1; 
(1. 1. 41) 1o. 104. 14 ; (1. z. 34) 
5.42. 6; (1. 5. 1) 1. 15. 15 (1. 5. 
71-72) 3. 45. 6; 10. 47.6; (I. 
7.2) 7.63. 4; (1. 7. 30) 10. 2. 3; 
(1. 7. 35) 10. 104. 15; (1.9. 1) 
IO. 50.8; (1. 9. 7) 12. 29. 6; (1. 
9. 7-8) 3. 58. 18 ; (2. 22) 7. 54. 
4; (2. 70) 1. 4. 41 (2. 220) 8. 3. 
14; (2. 353-354) 1.4.85 (2. 
393) 12.94. 3; (2. 427) 8. 73. 5; 
(3. 1. 13) 1. 66. 10; 3. 2.7 5 (3. 1. 
19-20) 1. 70. 3; (3. 3. 51) 2. 11. 


Ovid, Tr. (continued). 


53 (3. 3. 81-82) 1. 88. 6-7; (3. 
7- 1) t. 70. 1; (3. 7. 16) 10. 30. 
10; (3.7. 42) 5-39-93 (3. 12.24) 
3- 38. 3-43 (4. 1. 57) 9. 11. 1; (4. 
2. 66-67) 8. 55. 2; (4.8. 23-24) 
Lib. Spect. 29.9; (4. 10. 21-22) 
1. 76. 9; (4.10. 121-122) 1. 1. 
4-5; (4. 1o. 127-128) 1. 1. 2; 
(5. 2. 25-26) 4. 30. 3; (5. 6. 38) 
7. 88.8; (5. 10. 25) 8. 3. 21; (5. 
13. 22) 5. 39. 3. 


Palladius, Epigram (P. L. M. 4. 133, 


p. 122) 7. 96. 1. 


Paulus Nolanus, C. (4. 15) 2. 90.9. 
Persius (1. 13-18) 3. 18. 1; (1. 28) 


I. I. I-2; 9. 97. 4; (1. 30-31) 
3. 5o. Introd.; (1. 32) 12. 36. 2; 
(Schol. on 1. 42) 3. z. 7; (1. 42- 
43) 3- 2- 4-5; (1. 88-90) 12. 57. 
12; (1. 114) 12. 94. 7 ; (1. 118) 
1. 3.6; (1. 133) 11. 84. 7; (2. 
1—2) 9. 52. 4-5; (2. 14) 10. 43. 
1; (3. 5-6) 1o. 62. 7; (3. 48- 
50) 13. 1. 6; (5. 67-70) 5. 58. 
Introd.; (5. 76) 12. 71. 10; (5. 
96) 1. 53. 12. 


Petronius (3) 2. 18. 1; (10) I. 41. 


4-5; 6. 48. 2; 8. 35. 3; (22) 
4.8.7; (23) 2. 41. 11; (26) 1o. 
48. 1; (27) 12. 82. 3-4; (28) 12. 
82. 7; (29) 2. 71. 1; (31) 1. 43. 
6; 5. 64. 2; 12. 36. 1; (34) 7- 
79. 1; (36) 3. 12. 2; (37) 11. 
18. 4; (40) 1. 3. 7 ; (41) 10. 48. 
17; (43) 10. 74. 43 (44) 3. 46. 
7-8; (45) 5. 24.83 (49) 1. 43- 
2; 8. 23. 4; (52) 8.6. Introd.; 
(58) 10. 27. 4; 11. 18. 4; (60) 
IO. 31. 4; (61) 10. 47. 6; (65) 
10. 20. 20; (66) 1. 41. 2; (68) 3. 


350 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Petronius (continued). Pliny, Ep. (continued). 


50. 6; (70) 2. 57. 5; (71) 1. 109. 
5; (74) 8. 6. 7-8; (76) 1. 76.6; 
(82) 1.76. 9; (83) 4- 39. 3: (92) 
3. 14. 123 (99) 4: 54-4; (103) 
10. 20. 18; (107) 2.66. 7; (109) 
1. 4.4; 5. 49. 6-7; (111) ro. 
83.9; (115) 2. 14. 14; (120) 5. 
74. 31 (131) 1. 12. 5; (134) I. 
41. 20. 
Phaedrus (1. 24. 2-10) 9. 97. 1; (2. 
5. 1-4) 1. 79. Introd.; 2. 7. 8; 
(3. 17. 13) I. 109. 13; (3. 18. 
7-8) 13. 70. 1; (4. 22. 24-25) 
12. 57. 12; (5. 7. 28) 1. 5. 7. 
Plato, Rep. (330 B-C) 10. 47. 3. 
Plautus, Amph. (314) 9. 68. 10. 
Asin. (16-19) 7. 96. 8. 
Aul. (573) 1. 70. 9. 
Cap.(75-77) 2. 11. Introd.; (179- 
180) 11. 52. 2; (956-957) 1. 9. 
Introd. 
Men. (766-767) 8. 12. z. 
Mer. (160) 12. 57. 26; (583-584) 
12. 17. 9. 
Mi. G. (61-64) 12. 82. 10; (673- 
674) 5. 42. 8. 
Most. (6—7) 3. 46. ro. 
Poen. (835) 1. 41. 10. 
Pseud. (608) 8. 18. 1. 
Trin. (963—964) 6. 70. 4. 
Pliny, Ep. (1. 3. 3) 10. 104. 14; (1. 5) 
1. I2. Introd.; 11. 52. Introd. ; 
(1. 5. 12) 10. 20. 17 ; (1.9) 2. 7. 
8; 10.30.27; 12.57.3; (1. 
I2. 11) 7. 96. 8; (1. 14. 4-6) 10. 
20.1; (1.15) rr. 52. Introd.; 
(1. 15. 1) 10. 48.5; (1. 18) 7. 
54. Introd.; (r1. 22. 11) r. 107. 
33 (1. 24. 3) 13. 3. 85 (1. 24. 4) 
IO. 104. 14; (2. I. I) 7. 47. 10; 


(2. 9) 7. 89. Introd.; (2. 10) 1. 
25. Introd.; (2. 11. 4) 6. 35. 
Introd.; (2.14.1) 10.20. 15; 
(2. 14. 4-10) 3. 46. 7-8; (2. 14. 
5) 2. 11. Introd.; (2. 14.6) 9. 
100. 1; (2. 17) 1. 12. 5; (2. 17. 
4) 8. 14. 3-4; (2. 17. 22) 12. 57. 
24; (2. 20) 1. 1o. Introd. ; 1. 12. 
Introd.; (3. 5. 12) 2. 1. 7; (3. 5. 
17) 4. 86. 11; (3. 7. 2) 7. 96. 8; 
(3. 7. 5) 7. 63. Introd.; (3. 7. 6) 
7.63. 11; (3. 7.8) 4. 14. Introd.; 
11. 48. 1; (3.9.8) 1. 25. 8; (3. 
16. 6) 1. 13. Introd.; (3. 21) 7. 
25. 3; (3. 21. 5) 10. 20. Introd., 
5; (4. 2. 3) 12. 24. 8; (4. 23. 
I) 5. 20. 33 (5. 3. 5) 9. 26. 
Introd.; (5.6) 1.12.5; (5.6. 
16) 2.14.15; (5. 6. 42-43) 2. 
77.73. (5. 6. 45) 10.47. 5; (6. 
1I. 3) 9. 52. 4-5; (6. 16) 4. 44. 
Introd.; (6. 16. 8) 10. 83. 8; (6. 
17. 2) 10. 10. 9-10; (6.21. 1) 
1. 1.6; (6.23. 1) 1.93. 2; (6. 
30. 3) 10. 104. 14; (6. 32. 1) 5. 
56.6; (7.3.2) 12. 18. 15; (9. 
6) 10. 48. 23; (9. 6. 1) 12. 57. 
3: (9. 7. 4) 10. 30. 17-18; (9.* 
23. 1) 7.63. 7 i (9. 23. 4) 9- 97- 
43 (9. 36. 1-2) 12. 57. 25; (10. 
96. 7) 1. 103. 11. 


Pliny, N. H. (7. 211) 11. 84. Introd.; 


(8. 66) 3. 44. 6; (8. 210) 1. 45. 
2; (8. 214) 13. 94. Introd. ; (9. 
64) 2. 43. 11; (9. 170) 4. 30. 
Introd.; ro. 30. 21; (10. 133) 
2.69. 3; (10. 140) 3. 60.7; (10. 
188) 2. 66. 7 ; (10. 193) 4. 30. 
6-7; (1r. 95) 10. 58. 3; (11. 
240-241) II. 52. I0; (11. 241) 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Pliny, N. H. (continued). 
1. 43.7; (12. 6) 9.60.6; (12. 
85) 6. 55.2; (13. 18) 6. 55. 1; 
(13. 19) 6. 55. 33 (13. 86) 14. 
37.23 (13.92) 2. 43-91 (15. 51) 
I. 43-43 (15. 97) 1. 72. 5; (16. 
18) 3. 58. 35-36; (16. 157) 1. 3. 
IO; (16. 241) 1. 43. 6; (17.95) 
I. 43. 6; (17. 222) 7. 92.9; (18. 
271) 4. 57. 5; (19. 59) 11. 18. 
2; (19. 64) 8. 14. 1; (19. 160) 
10. 48. 10; (20. 160) 7. 63. 10; 
(21. 16) 9. 60. 3,4; (22. 96) r. 
20. 2; (22. 108) 11. 86. 3; (27. 
83) 9. 26. 2; (28. 260) 5. 29. 
Introd.; (30. 28) 9. 26. 4; (32. 
16) 4. 30.43 (32. 59) 3.45. 6; 
(33- 5) 9. 59-14; 9. 59- 17; (33- 
78) 10. 17. 3; (33. 96) 7. 86. 7; 
(33-139) 4- 396,8; (34-6) 9. 59. 
11; (34-8) 9. 59. 11; (34. 54) 3 
35- 1; (34- 56) 4. 39.45 (34. 82) 
2. 77. 2; (35. 89) 7. 86. 11; (35. 
160) 1. 53. 6; (36. 61) Lib. 
Spect. 1. 5-6; (36. 199) 1. 41. 
4-5; (37. 11) 11. 59. 4i (37 
43) 4. 32. 2. 

Plutarch, Cato Cens. (20) 1. 41. z. 

Pollux, Onom. (9. 193) 4. 14.9. 

Priapea (10. 2-4) 4.39.3; (12.1, 
8-9) 8.57.1; (16. 3-4) 12.29. 9; 
(56. 1-2) 6.70. 5; (68. 13) 5. 
42. 5; (75. 8-9) 1. 12. 1. 

Propertius (1. 6. 31) Lib. Spect. 
1. 3; (1.8. 27) 9. 97. 12; (1. 11. 
27) 4. 57. 15 (1. 12. 6) 3.63.8; 
(2. 3. 10) 5. 37-6; (2. 4. 14) 8. 
57. 6; (2.10. 13-14) 7.36.1; 
(3. 1.14) 1. 41. 18; (3. 1. 21-24) 
1.1.6; (3. 7. 50) 12.17. 8; (3. 
11. 57) 4.64.11; (3.13. 7) 6. 


351 


Propertius (continued). 
II. 7; (3-15.17) 2. 14. 12; (3. 
24. 20) 8. 55. 17 ; (4. 1. 1) 7. 96. 
25 (4. 4. 54) 10. 48. 14; (4. 5. 
61) 5. 37. 9; 12. 29. 3; (4. 7.81- 
82) 1. 12: 1 ; (4. 8. 15) 12. 24.8; 
(4. 8. 28) 5.14.3; (4.8. 75-76) 
2. 14. IO; (4.10. 3) 1.25.8. 
Publilius Syrus (104) 1. z. 2; (174) 
12. IO. 2; (221) 6.63. 7; (297) 
13. 1. 8; (449) 8. 9. 5. 
Quintilian (1. 2.7) 11. 13. 3; (1.4. 
7) 1. 43. 2; (2. 2. 9) 10. 10. 9-10; 
(2. 11.2) 9.68.8; (3. 1.21) 5. 
56.6; (5.2. 1) 7. 63. 7; (5. 3t. 
12) 7. 92. 3; (6.3.17) 1. 41. 
Introd.; (6. 3. 105) 1. 41.1; 
(9. 3. 1) 8. 69. 1; (xo. 1. 46) 12. 
94. 1; (10. 1.85) 12. 94. 1; (10. 
I. 90) 1. 61.7; 2. 77. 5; 7.96. 
I; (10. 1. 93) 12. 94. 7 ; (10. 1. 
98) 8. 18. 7; (10. 1. 104) 7. 89. 
3; (10. 1. 121) 7. 25. 2; (10. 1. 
125 ff.) 2. 9o. 1; (11. 3. 136) 
6. 35. 3-43 (12.7.8) 1.93. 2; 
(12. 10. 66) 13. 3.1. 
Sallust, Iug. (18. 8) 10. 13. 7. 
Seneca, Suas. (6. 3) 11. 5. 9. 
Seneca, Ad Marc. (19. 2) 11. 44. 1. 
Apocol. (4) 7. 96. 7 ; (12) 13. 1. 8. 
Ben. (2. 1. 1) 12. 36. 9; (2. 1.2) 
12. 36. 9; (3. 28. 2) 5. 20. 7; 
(4. 13. 3) 7. 86. 9; (6.15. 4) 8. 
10. 3; (6. 33- 4) 5. 22. 13; (7. 6. 
I) 2. 20. 1; (7. 9. 3) 1. 53. 6. 
Brev.Vit. (7. 7) 5. 39. 6; (8) 1. 15. 
12; (12. 3) 11. 84. Introd. ; (14. 
3) Io. 10. 2; (14. 4) 5. 22. To. 
Cons. Helv. (10. 8) 3. 22. Introd. 
Epigram(39.2-3 = Bahr. P. L. M. 
4, p. 72) 8. 3. 2; (Bahr. P. L. M. 


352 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Seneca, Epigram (continued). Statius, S. (continued). 


XLIII. 10 = Anthol. Lat. 400) 
5.74.2; (Bahr. P. L. M. XLIII. 
66 — Anthol. Lat. 456) 5.74.4. 

Ep. (2. 2) 7. 73. 6; (7. 2) 3. 63. 
8; (9. 6) 6. 11. 10; (10. 4) ro. 
47. 6; (11. 10) 10. 20. 2; (14. 
5) 10. 25. 5; (15. 6) 12. 17. 
33 (18. 4) 13. 1. 4; (24. 6 f£.) 1. 
42.4; (24. 23) 2.80. 2; (44. 5) 
8. 6. 3-4; (47. 16) 6. 82. 2; 
(51. 3) 4. 57. 15 (56. 2) 1. 41.9; 
(64. 9) 12. 67. 4; (66. 8) 8. 76. 
7; (78. 23) 5. 64. 2; (83. 7) 10. 
53. 1-2; (83. 23) 8. 6. 11; (85. 
10) 1. 89. 5; (89. 21) 9. 22. 16; 
(90. 25) 14. 208. 1; (93. 6) 4. 54. 
4; (94. 43) 12. 10. 2; (95. 2) 
6. 48. 2; (97. 10) 10. 20. 21; 
(114. 13) 1. 1. 6; (120. 19) 8. 
3. 6; (122. 8) 6. 8o. z. 

Herc. Fur. (181—182) 4. 54. 9." 

Ira (2. 9. 4) 3. 38. 3-4; 3. 26. 3. 

Phaed. (302) 13. 77. Introd. 

Q. N. (2. 34. 2) 8. 76. 7. 

Vit. Beat. (25. 1) 10. 5. 3; (26. 1) 
II. 5.3; (26. 8) 11. 84. 3-4. 
Servius (on Vergil E. 3. 90) 10. 76.8. 
Silius Italicus (1.79) 4. 14.2; (1. 
173) 11. 84. 10, 16; (1. 231 ff.) 
10. 17. 3; (5. 441) 2. 36. 5; (6. 
612) 2. 29. 7 ; (7. 642) 10. 17. 
73 (8. 461-462) 1. 43. 7 ; (12. 
193) 1o. 20. 19; (12. 536) Io. 
30. 6; (13. 480-481) 1. 88. 10; 
(13. 674) 9. 61. 1; (16. 319- 

328) o. 68. 7. 


9. 60. 5; (1. 3. 81) 12. 29. 9; (1. 
3. 108) 10. 96. 3; (1. 4. 17) 10. 
61.2; (1.6. 1-7) 13. 1. 4; (1.6. 
25-26) 4.8. 12; (1. 6. 31-34) 
5. 49. 10; (1. 6. 71) 1. 41. 12; 
(1. 6. 73-74) 1. 41. 4-5; (2. 1) 
6. 28. Introd.» (2. 1. 39-43) 6. 
28.6; (2.1. 70-75) 6. 28. 3; 
(2. 1. 124-125) 6.28.8-9; (2.1. 
175-178) 6.28. 2; (2. 2. 150- 
151) 2. 30. 4; (2. 3) 2. 69.7; 
(2. 3. 1-2) 4. 54.8; (2. 7) 1. 6r. 
73 (3. 1. 29) 4. 64. 30; (3. 1. 
144-145) 4. 57. 21 (3. 3. 208- 
209) 5. 66.2; (3. 5. 41-42) I. 
12.9-10; (3.5.96) 4. 57. 1; II. 
80. 1, 2; (4. 2. 66-67) 8. 55. 4; 
(4. 3- 47) 3- 46. 55 (4. 4) 3. 2. 
Introd.; (4. 4. 15-17) 10. 30. 
17; (4. 6. 2-4) 2. 11. 2; (4. 6. 
17-18) 5. 37. 41 (4.6. 77-78) 4. 
14.2; (4-9. 7-9) 13. 3. 3; (4- 9. 
15) 3. 38. 3-4; (5. 1. 37) 12. 6. 
7-8; (5. 3- 85-86) 4. 59. 1; (5. 
3-90) 10. 76. 6. 
Theb. (3. 106-107) 1. 76. 11. 


Suetonius, Aug. (17) 4. 59. 5; (44) 


5.8. Introd.; (53) 6.88.2; (55) 
3. 99. 1; (72) 10. 30.7; (93) 8. 
13. Introd.; (100) 8. 57. 5. 

Cal. (20) 4. 10. 5; 7. 88. 5; (39) 
7. 86. 11; (55) 10. 76. 9. 

Claud. (21) Lib. Spect. 29. 6; 
(44) 1. 20. 4. 

Dom. (3) 4. 54. 7: (5) 7-73-45 
(7) 2.69.7; (8) 5. 8. Introd.; 


Sophocles, Ajax (961-965) r. 1. 6. 
Spartianus, Had. (26) 2. 36. 1. 
Statius, S. (1. 2. 111-112) 5. 64. 3; 


(1. 3: 47) 4. 39 2 33. (1. 3- 59) 


IO. 5. 2; (13) 5.8. 1; (15) 1.4.5; 
(18) 1.72.8; (21) 4. 8. 10. 
Galb. (4) 1. 25. 5-6. 
Gramm. (9) ro. 62. 1o. 


INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Suetonius, Tul. (45) 1. 72. 8; (49) 
1. 4. 3-8 ; (51) 1. 4. 3-8; (83) 
10. 50. 3. 

Ner. (30) 9. 22. 9; (44) 7. 86. 7. 

Oth. (2) 1. 5. 8. 

Tiber. (27) 6. 88. 2; (60) 13.70. 
Introd. N 

Tit. (3) 12. 94. 9. 

Tacitus, Agr. (1. 1) 1. 1. 6; (3) 12. 
6. 4 (44) 7- 96. 8. 

Ann. (1.23. 1) 2. 11. 5; (1.28) 12. 
57. 16; (1. 72-74) to. 5. 2; (2. 
88) 1.1.6; (4. 51) 3. 46. 5; (6. 
28) 5.37. 12; 6. 55. 2; (12.66- 
67) 1.20.4; (13.42. 7) 9.88. 4; 
(13-47) 4- 64. 23; (15.2) 1.88. 
10; (15. 48) 12. 36. 8; (16. 21) 
4. 54. 7- 

D. (5) 7. 96. 1; (8) 1. 76. Introd.; 
(10) 4. 49. 2; (18) 1. 1. 6; (20) 
3. 18. 1; (20. 6) 1. 61. 7. 

Ger. (45) 4. 32. 2. 

H. (2. 10) 4. 54. 7; (3. 62) 1. 41. 
19; (4. 42) 1. 12. Introd. 
Terence, Ad. (369) 9. 97. 1; (804) 

2. 43. I. 

And. (Didascalia) 10. 83. 7-8; 
(357) 10.83. 7-8; (658) 2.69.6. 

Eu. (67-69) 1. 33. 2. 

Heau. (904) 1. 27. 4; (1030 ff.) 
7. 96. 8. 

Hec. (Prologue) 1. 41. 7. 

Phor. (51) 12. 54. 1; (55-56) 1. 
103.11. 

Tertullian, De Cultu Fem. (2. 7) 
2. 66. 1-2. 

Praes. Her. (10) 7. 73. 6. 

Tibullus (1. 1.2) 1.85.2; (1.1. 5-6) 
10. 47. 4; (I. 2. 30) 12. 29. 10; 
(1. § 13-14) 7. 54- 5; (1. 5. 19- 
20) 2. 14. 14; (1. 5.25) 1. 41. 2; 


353 


Tibullus (continued). 

(1.7. 63-64) 9. 52. 4-5; (1.8.9) 
6. 52. 4; (1. 8. 12) 6. 52.6; (1. 
8. 21 ff.) 12. 57. 16; (1. 10. 33) 
I. 20. 1; (2. 3. 59-60) 10. 76. 3; 
(2. 3. 61-62) 5. 42. 4; (2.6. 25- 
26) 9. 22. 11; (2.6.48) 5.22. 10; 
(3. 1. 9) 3. 2. 11; (3. 1. 9-12) 
I. 66. 10; (3. 1. 19) 10. 13. 9; 
(3. 2. 19 ff.) 8. 57. 3; (4. 1) 8. 
3-5; (4. 2. 24) 1. 76. 4. 

Valerius Flaccus (3. 212-213) ro. 
50. 3. 

Valerius Maximus (4. 6. 5) 1. 42. 
Introd.; (5. 1. Ext. 6) 4. 14. 
3-4: (5. 3- 4) 5. 69. 3. 

Varro Atacinus (Anthol. Lat. 414) 
5. 74. 2. 

Varro, ap. Non. (56) 1. 15. 12; (81) 
I. 100. 1-2. 

L. L. (5. 65) 7. 36. 1; (6. 14) 1o. 
30. 2- 

R. R. (1.2.23) 3. 58. 24; (1. 59.1) 
1. 43. 4; (3. 310) 4. 30: Introd. 

Vergil, A. (1. 13-14) 3. 8. 51; (1. 
21) 3. 58. 51; (1. 25-26) 8. 55. 
17; (1. 27) 10. 89. 3-4; (1. 
41) 10. 83. 8; (1. 46-47) 1o. 
89. 5; (1. 115) 10. 104. 16; (1. 
152 ff.) 10. 30. 19; (I. 242- 
249) 1.76.2; (I. 292) 1.15.2; 
(1. 312) 5.9. 1-25 (1. 390-391) 
9. 6. 1; (1. 455-456) 4. 39. 3; 
(1. 496) 8.6. 13; (1. 723-740) 
8. 6. 13-14; (2. 512-514) 9. 6o. 
53 (2. 557-558) 5.74. 2: (3- 
67-68) 7.96. 1; (3. 655-659) 
4.49.6; (4.6) 8. 50.8; (4. 60) 
8.6.13; (4. 103) 8.6.14; (4. 
167-168) 7. 21. 1; (4. 261) 9. 
59. 20; (4. 698) 3. 43. 33 (5-77) 


354 INDEX OF PASSAGES CITED 


Vergil, A. (continued). Vergil, E. (continued). 


8. 55. 15; (5. 176) 10. 104. 16; 
(5. 401—408) 11.84. 14; (5.744) 
1.70. 4; (6.36) 10. 83.8; (6. 
44) 9. 11. 15; (6. 126) 7. 47. 7; 
11. 84. 1; (6. 230-231) 9. 18. 5; 
(6. 237-242) 7.47.73 (6. 270) 
10. 96. 7; (6. 376) 8. 32. 6; (6. 
407) 4. 75. 53 (6. 629) 14. 188. 
2; (6.673-675) 11. 5. 6; (6. 
712-715) 7. 47. 45 (6.876-877) 
8. 57. 5; (7. 1-2) 10. 30.8; (7. 
59-67) 9.60. 5; (7. 170) 5. 13. 
5; (7. 308) 2. 14.1; (7. 580) 
8. 55.17; (8.274) 4- 54. 2; (8. 
345) 1. 117. 9; (10. 471-472) 
IO. 50. 8; (11. 31) 7. 99. 3; (11. 
66) 4. 8. 6; (11. 97-98) 5. 66. 2; 
(11.142-144) 8. 43. 2 ; (12. 121) 
10. 48. 2 ; (12. 546) ro. 50. 8. 

(?) Copa (31) 4.44.1; (37-38) 
I. I5. 12. 

(?) Culex (214-215) 7. 96. 7. 

E. (1. 2) 8. 3. 21; (1.6) 1.107. 3; 
(1. 12-13) 8. 55. 8; (1. 52) 4. 57. 


73 (1. 57-58) 3. 58. 19 ; (2. 10- 
11) 8. 55. 18; (2. 13) 10. 58. 3; 
(2. 18) 9. 26. 3; (2. 32-33) 9. 6o. 
14; (2. 53) 3. 58. 19; 10. 94.6; 
(2. 65) 8. 50.25; (4. 32) 10. 30. 
11; (4. 60 ff.) 12. 21. 7-8; (7. 
25) 1. 76.7 5 (7. 25-26) 9 97. 1; 
(7. 37) 5 39.3: (7- 37-38) 5. 
37. 1; (10. 50-51) r. 107. 5; 
(10. 51) 13. 77. 1. 

G. (1. 64) t. 107. 8; (1. 119) 1. 53. 
10; (1. 168) 6.80.6; (1.181) - 
5. 37-83 (1. 383 f£.) 1. 53. 7-8; 
(1. 388) 1. 53. 10; (1. 502) 8. 6. 
5; (2. 70) 3. 58. 3; (2. 87) 1o. 
94. 2; (2. 143) 4. 69. 1; (2. 455- 
457) 8.6. 7-8; (3. 12) To. 50.1; 
(3. 270) 5. 22. 5; (3. 442-443) 
7. 36. 51 (3. 530) 12. 29.7 i (4. 
IIO-III) 3. 58. 47; (4. 119) 
5.37.9; 12.29.3; (4. 163- 
164) 4. 32. 2 ; (4. 270) 11.42.4; 
(4. 289) 10. 30. 13. 


Xenophon, Anab. (t. z. 8) ro. 62. 9. 


GENERAL INDEX 


This index seeks to include the more important matters treated in the 
Introduction and the Notes. It is not in any sense an ‘ndex verborum ; 
occasionally, however, for the sake of completeness, references (inclosed 
in marks of parenthesis) are given to verses in which the lemma, word or 
phrase, occurs, though there is no discussion of the particular matter in 
the commentary on the verses themselves. 


a final, long before sg, z. 66. 8; 
before stv, 5. 69. 3; JVausicad, 
12. 31. 9; Glycerd, 14. 187. 2. 

abacus, in schools, 10. 62. 4. 

Abdera, noted for stupidity, ro. 
25. 4. 

ablative, of duration, z. 5.1; 3. 63. 
73 4.25.1; 9.68.9; 12. 17.1; of 
cause, Lib. Spect. 1. 3; with cozzz- 
latus, 5. 9. 2. 

abstract ideas and qualities per- 
sonified, 7. 47. 5-6. 

ac, once only in M., 9. 22. 15. 

accedere = passive, 10. 48. 21. 

accipere pilam, 12. 82. 4. 

accusative, of exclamation, 5. 53. 
2; of effect, 5. 34. 5-6; 8. 32. 3; 
9. 59. 11; I2. 21. 3-4; with verbs 
of feeling, 1. 33. 1 ; with /ragrare, 
5-37-93 with scribere, 4. 49. 374; 
with ¢acere, 2. 11. 3; with Zogus, 1. 
61. 8; 7. 63.8; 8. 55. 21; Io. 96. 
1; I2. 82. 7; with pf. pass. ptc., 
6. 41. 1. 

Achilleae comae, 12. 82. 10. 

Achillei pedes, 2. 14. 4. 

Achilles, type of manly beauty, etc., 
in Homer, 2. 14. 4. 


355 


addicere = vendere ox venumdare, 
IO. 31. 1; addixtz, form, 10. 31. 1. 

adhibere, ‘invite’ (to dinner), ro. 
27.2. 

adhuc, ‘still’, ‘yet’, 8. 3. 2; with 
comparative, 5. 22. 9. 

adjective, of number or quantity 
with sing. noun, 1. 70. 6; 3. 58. 
7: 7.36.3741 7- 63.8; 8.3.7; 
9. 22. 4; distributive, in sing. 
4. 64. 32; — adv., 1. 70. 15; 8. o. 
6; carries main idea, 9. 26. 7 ; 10. 
23.7; from proper names, IO. 
30. 6. 

ad lucernas, 10. 20. 18. 

ad Pirum, 1. 117. 6. 

adplicare, with dat., 6. 28. 8. 

adserere,1.15.9-10; 7. 63. 10; IO. 
35. 5. 

adsidere, of attending the sick, 2. 
41. I9. 

adtritus, ‘shameless’, 10. 72. 

adverb, used with noun, 3. 58. 51 ; 
with sad, 10. 50. 8; 12. 17. 9. 

Advolans, 5. 24. 1, 6. I 

Aeacides = Achilles, 8. 6. 12. 

Aeacus, IO. §. 14. 

Aedes Florae, 5. 22. 4. 


2 


356 


Aegle, 1. 72. 3. 

Aelianus, friend of M., 12. 24. 3. 

Aemilianus, 5. 81. I. 

Aemilia Via, 3. 4. 2. 

Aeneid, beginning of, 8. 55. r9. 

Aeolía, name of Lupus’s bath, 2. 
I4. 12. 

Aeolius, 8. so. 9. 

Aeolus, 10. 30. 19. 

aes, of equestrian statues, 9. 68. 5. 

aes Corinthium, 9. 59. 11. 

Aesonides = Jason, 2. 14. 6. 

aestuare, ‘fall in love with’, 9. 22. 11. 

aetas = vita, as a whole, 6. 70. 12. 

aeternum vale, s. 66. 2. 

Aethiopia, 7. 88. 6. 

Afer, 9. 6. Introd., 1. 

Afra, 1. 100. Introd. 

Africa, savage land, 10. 13. 7. 

African drivers, etc., 9. 22. 14; I2. 
24. 6-7. 

Africanus: see Scipio. 

Aganippe, on Helicon, r. 76. 9. 

agellus, 10. 61. 3. 

Agenor, 2. 43. 7; 10. 17. 7. 

Agenoreus, 2. 43. 7; 10. I7. 7. 

ager, ‘countryside’, 10. 43. 2. 

agere, plays on, 1.79; animam, 1.79. 
4; causas, 1. 79. T; res, 1. 79. T. 

agitatores, popular, 5. 24. Introd. 

Agon Capitolinus, 4. 54. 1. 

Albinovanus: see Pedo Albinova- 
nus. 

Albula, r. 12. 2. 

Alcestis, 4. 75. 6. 

Alcimus, slave of M., 1.88. Introd. ; 
5. 64. 2. 

Alcinous, 4. 64. 29; 10. 94. 2; I2. 
31. IO. 

Alco, 6. 70. 6; 11. 84. 5. 

alea, 4. 14. 7; 13. 1. 8. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Alexandria, epigram at, § 23; wit 
and obscenity of, 11. 13. 3. 

Alexis, 8. 55. 12; 8. 73. 10. 

algens toga, 12. 36. 2. 

Algidus mons, 10. 30. 6. 

alpha, 2. 57. 4; 5. 26. 2. 

alphabet, used by Greeks instead 
of numbers, 2. 57. 4. 

alter = alteruter, 5. 14. 10. 

aluta, 2.29.8; = calceus, 12. 29. 9. 

amabo, ‘please’, 8. 76. 1. 

amber, 4. 32. Introd, 2; 4. $9. 
Introd.; balls of, carried by Ro- 
man women, 5. 37. II. 

ambulator, ‘lounger’, 2. tr. 2; 
*peddler', 1. 41. 3. 

amethystinatus, 2. 57. 2. 

amica = meretrix, 5. 42. 5. 

amomum, S. 64. 3; 12. 17. 7. 

Amor (Cupid), 8. 50. 13. 

Amphitheatrum Flavium (Colos- 
seum), Lib. Spect. 1; 9. 68. 7. 

amphora, names of consuls on, 7. 
79. 15 sealed with pitch, rr. 18. 
24; 12. 82. 11. 

ampulla, 6. 35. 4. 

an, in emotional questions, 8. 3. 13; 
Io. 62. 5. 

anaglypta (vasa), 4. 39. 8. 

anagnostae, 3. 50. 2. 

andabata, 5. 24. 13. 

Andromache, z. 4I. 14; 5. 53. 2. 

anguilla, 12. 31. 5. 

animam agere, 1. 79. 4. 

animi, as loc., 12. 6. 7. 

animus = indoles, 4. 75. 1. 

Annaeus Mela, 1. 6t. 7. 

Anna Perenna, 4. 64. 16-17. 

anne, 8. 50. 1. 

Annius, 7. 48. 1,2. 

anno urbis conditae const., 1. 27. 3. 


GENERAL INDEX 


annua iusta, to the dead, 10. 61. 4. 

anteambulo, 2. 18. 5; 3. 7. 2; 9. 100. 
3; 10. 10. 8; 10. 74. 3. 

antecedent incorporated in rel. cl., 
9. 18. 7-8. 

Antenor, I. 76. 2. 

Antiochus, 11. 84. 2. 

antique plate, 3. 35. 1; 8. 6 pas- 
sim, esp. 1; fictitious, 4. 39. 2-5. 

antiqui, said of writers, 8. 69. r. 

Antistius Rusticus, 4. 75. Introd.; 
9. 30. 1-2. 

Antium, IO. 30. 7. 

antha = tolleno, 9. 18. 4. 

Antonius, M., 5. 69. Introd., 1, z. 

Antonius Primus, $ 20; 10. 23. In- 
trod., 1, 2, 3-4; 10. 32. Introd. 

anulus aureus, worn by eguites, 8. 
5. Introd. 

anus = adj. annosa, 12. 4. 4. 

Anxur, Io. 58. 1, z, 4. 

Aonia = Boeotia, 7. 63. 4. 

Aonides — Musae, 7. 63. 4. 

Aonius, 7. 63. 4; 12. 11.2; Aoniae 
comae, 7.63. 4; Aonius (deus) = 
Bacchus, 7. 63. 4. 

Aper, 1o. 16. Introd., 1. 

aper, at the cena, 1. 43.2; 7. 59. 1; 
9. 48. 5. 

apheresis, common in hendecasyl- 
labics, $ 49, c. 

Apicius, 2. 69. 3; 3.22. Introd. 

afinae tricaeque, 1. 113. 2. 

Apollinaris : see Domitius Apolli- 
naris. 

Apollo, 3. 45. 1; IO. 35. 20; built 
walls of Troy, 8. 6.6; ara of, at 
Delos, Lib. Spect. 1. 4; patron 
of music, literature, art, 1.70. 15; 
I. 76. 5; 7. 63. 11; 12. 10.5; as 
yrs, 10. 21. 3. 


357 


Apollodorus, t. 61. 5. 

Aponi tellus (or fons), 1. 61. 3. 

apophoreta, 10. 27. 3; 14. 37. Introd. 

aposiopesis, 6. 51. 3. 

appellare, ‘dun’, 7. 92. 3. 

applause, at recitatio, 10. 10. 9-10; 
exclamations of, 1. 3. 7 ; see jasia 
tactare; sophos. 

Apulia, good pasturage in, 10. 74. 
7-8. 

aquae, 1.76.9; medicinal springs, I. 
12. 2; Aquae Albulae, 1. 12. 2; 
Aquae Patavinae: see Aponi fons. 

Aqua Marcia, 9. 18.6; Aqua Virgo, 
4. 18. 1; 5. 20. 9. 

Aquinus, I. 93. I. 

ara — monumentum sepulchrale, 1. 
93. 3- 

arare — scribere, ‘scratch’, 4. 86. 11. 

Aratulla, 8. 32. Introd. 

arbiter = iudex, 6. 35. 2. 

arca, 1. 76. 5; 2. 30. 4; 5. 42. 1. 

archaism (zavita), 6. 80. 3. 

archetypi, 8. 6. 1. 

ardelio, ardalio, 1. 41. Introd.; 1. 79. 
Introd.; 2. 7. Introd., 8. 

arena, realistic scenes enacted in, 
I. 43. 14. 

argentariz, in forum, 5. 20. 6. 

argentum, ‘plate’, 4. 39. 1; 10. 57. 
1; pustulatum, 7.86.7; purum, 
Jeve, 3. 35. 1i 4. 35. 9-10. 

Argiletum, 1.2. 6, 8; 1. 117. Introd., 
9, 10. 

Argonautarum Porticus, 2. 14. 6. 

argutus, ‘bright’, ‘witty’, 1. 1. 3; 
‘shrill’, 3. 58. 13; 11. 18. 5; 
‘melodious’, 8. 73. 7. 

Aricia, z. 19. 3-4; clus of, and 
the beggars, ibid. (cf. 10. 5. 3); 
grove of Diana at, 11. 18. 4. 


358 


Arion, 8. 50. 15, 16. 

armarium, for books, 1. 117. 15. 

arma virumque — the Aeneid, 8. 
55. 19. 

Arpinae chartae, Yo. 20. 17. 

Arpinum, birthplace of Cicero, 10. 
20. 17. 

Arretium, famous for earthenware, 
I. 53. 6. 

Arria, the elder, wife of Caecina 
Paetus, 1. 13; the younger, wife 
of Paetus Thrasea, 1. 13. Introd. 

Arruntius Stella: see Stella. 

ars Phidiaca: see Phidias. 

artare, * crowd', 2. 9o. 6. 

art-collecting, 4. 39. 2. 

artes, ‘works of art’, 4. 39. 2. 

as, ‘penny’, I. 103. IO. 

asellus, 12. 36. 13. 

Asinius Pollio: see Pollio. 

astrologus, a. 7. 4. 

astrology, belief in, 2. 7. 4; not 
distinguished from astronomy, 
ibid. 

Astures, gold of, ro. 17. 3. 

Astyanax = ‘young (new) wine’, 
8. 6. 16. 

Atedius Melior: see Melior. 

Atestinus, 3. 38. 5. 

Athamas, 8. 50. 9. 

atramentum, 4. 10. 2. 

Atrectus, I. 2. 7; I. 117. 13-14. 

atrium, imagines in, z. 90. 6; 5. 20. 
7, etc.; clients received in, at 
salutatio, 1. 70. 2, 12; 3. 38. 11- 
12; focus in, 3. 58. 22; fine mar- 
bles in, 5. 13. 5. 

atrium colere, 3. 38. 11. 

Atropos, 4. 54. IO. 

Attalus, 1. 79. Introd. 

Althis = luscinia, 1. 93. 9. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Atticus, 2. 7. I. 

Atticus, ‘learned’, ‘preéminent’, 
4. 86. 1. 

Attis, 9. 11. 6. 

attraction, of gender, 7. 86. 9; of 
mood (subjv.), to. 47. 12-13. 

A uctus, 8. 6. Introd. 

August 13, festival of Diana on, 
12. 67. 2. 

Augustus regulates seats in thea- 
ter, 5. 8. Introd.; patron of lit- 
erature, II. 5. 9. 

Augustus, title of reigning empe- 
ror, 9. 18. 7. 

Augustus (mensis), 10. 62. 7. 

aula = regia ox palatium, 7.99.3; 
12. 6. 1. 

Aulus, 9. 81. 1; 12. 51. 2. 

aureolus, a coin, 12. 36. 3. 

aureus, ‘fine’, ‘perfect’, 3. 60. 7; 
8. 50. 13; 9. 59. 2; tr. 80. 1. 

aurigae, of circus, 5. 24. Introd. 

aurum: see Callaicum. aurum ; 
Spain. 

Ausonius = Romanus, 12. 6. 1. 

authors’ royalty, 1. 117. Introd. 

‘fruits of autumn’, 
‘vintage’, 3. 58. 7; 12.57.22. , 

avena, 8. 3. 21. 

Aventine: see Déanae collis. 

Avernus, ‘the lower world’, 7. 47.7. 

Avitus, L. Stertinius: see Ster- 
tinius. 


4 


autummus, 


Baccara, 7. 92. Introd. 

Bacchica serta, 7. 63. 4. 

Bacchus, ivy sacred to, 1. 76. 5-7; 
IO. 35. 20; temple of, 1. 70. 9. 
See Lyaeus; Nysa. 

Baetica, wool of, 5. 37. 7-8; 9. 61. 
3-4. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Baetis, 9. 61. 2. 

Baiae, 3. 58.1; 4. 3. Introd, 1; 4. 
57. Introd., 1, 2, 6, 7, 10; 10. 58. 
2; 11. 8o. Introd, 1, 5, 7. 

baldness, Roman sensitiveness 
about, 1. 72. 8. 

ball, games of, among the Ro- 
mans, 2.7.6; 5. 49. Introd. ; 6. 57. 
Introd.; 10. 85. Introd., 7-8 ; 12. 
82. 3-4, 5. 

balnea, 2. 14. 11-12; 9. I9. 1; of 
Stephanus, I1. 52. 4. See cher- 
mae; Gryllus; Aeolza. 

balneator, 3. 7. 3- 

banishment, as punishment, 8. 32. 
7-8. 

baptisterium, of thermae, 3. 44. 13. 

barbarus, ‘outlandish’, Lib. Spect. 
I. 1; 4. I4. 2. 

barber(s), at Rome, 6. 52. 3-4; 11. 
84. Introd.; epitaph on, 6. 52; 
7.83. 

bardocucullus, 1. 53. 4-5. 

basia iactare, Y. 3.7; 1. 76. 14; IO. 
IO. 9-10; bastum = suavium, 1. 
3.71 (1. 76. 14). 

Basilica Iulia, 1. 76. 12; 5. 20. 6. 

basilicus (lactus with dice), 13. 1. 6. 

Bassus, unknown, 3. 58. 1; 5. 53. 
2; 8. 1o. Introd, 1; (= Saleius 
Bassus ?), 7. 96. 1. 

Batavi, 6. 82. 6. 

baths, private, 2. 14. 11-12; bathing 
hour, the, 4. 1. 2; 10. 48. 3; II. 
52. 3. 

beans, food of poor, 1o. 48. 16. 

beard, sign of mourning, 2. 36. 3. 

beatus (beate) = dives, Y. 103. 3; 10. 
96. 5. 

beauty, means used to attain, 2. 
41. 1I. 


359 


beauty-plasters (s/ezza), 2. 29. In- 
trod., 9. 

beggars, on bridges and hill-slopes, 
IO. 5. 3; tricks of, 12. 57. 12; at 
Aricia, 2. I9. 3-4; Jews as, 12. 
57. 13. 

bellaria, 3. 50. 6. 

belle: see bellus. 

Bellona, Bellonarii, 11. 84. 3-4; 12. 
57. 1I. 

bellus (belle), 1. 9. 1, 2; 2. 7; 3. 63. 
9, 11, 12; 7. 59. 2; 7. 85 t; II. 
52. 1; I2. 39. 1, z, 4- 

bene, ‘fairly’, 10. 35. 10. 

bibliopolae, Ms, 1.2. 7; 1.117. 11; 
I3. 3. 4. See Atrectus; Secun- 
dus; Tryphon. 

bibliotheca, 7. 17. 1. 

Bilbilis, $ 2; 1. 61. 11-12; 10. 104.6; 
12. 18. (9), 10-12, 20, 24-25; 12. 
31. 4. 

bilem movere, s. 26. 3. 

birds, omens from, 8. 32. Introd., 
1-2, 

birthday, celebrated, 7. 86. 1; 9. 52. 
Introd., 2; of great men honored, 
12. 67. 4. 

bis = iterum, 10. 48. 20. 

Bitias, 8. 6. 13. 

blanda columba, 8. 32. 2. 

dandus, 4. 97. 1. 

blanket, tossing in, 1. 3. 8. 

Matta, enemy of books, 14. 37. 2. 

blondes at Rome, 1. 72. 6; 5. 37. 1. 

boar, species of, 9. 48. 5; at cena: 
see afer. 

boletus, 1. 20.2; 3. 60. 5; 12. 17. 4. 

books, publication and sale of, r. 
2. 7; 1. 66. Introd.; cost of, at 
Rome, 1. 66. 4; 1. 117. 16-17; 
13. 3. 2, 3; often faulty, 7. 17.7; 


360 


corrected by the author himself, 
7. 17. 7, 85; as gifts, 7. 17. 8; 
ancient titles of, 8. 55. 19; por- 
traits of authors in, I. 53. 2; 14. 
186. Introd, 2; old, used as 
wrapping-paper, 3. 2. 3-5; 3 
50. 9; 4. 86. 8; 13. 1. 1-2; recep- 
tacles for: see capsa, armarium, 
scrinium, etc.; size of, I. I. 3; 
Jrons of, 1. 53. 11; 1. 66. 10; 
manner of rolling up, 1. 66. 
8; royalty on sales of, 1. 117. 
Introd.; publication of M.’s, 
$ 13; 10. z. Introd., 1-2; 1o. 72. 
Introd, 1; 12. 11. Introd. See 
membrana; scroll; cedrus. 

booksellers of Rome, 1. 2. 7; 1. 
117.11; 13. 3. 4. See dz2blopolae ; 
bookshops. 

bookshops, 2osfes of, 1. 117. 11. 

Boreas, 8. 14. 6. 

Boterdum, 12. 18. 11. 

branding of slaves, z. 29. Introd., 
9, IO. 

brevis, of roses, I. 43. 6; typical of 
life, 6. 28. 3; 10. 50. 7-8; 10. 53.2. 


bridges: seebeggars; Mulvius Pons. 


Britannia, 11. 3. 5. 

bruma, 3. 58. 8; 4. 57-93 5. 34-53 
8. 14. 1; 10. 104. 9; I3. 127. 1. 

Brutus, L. Iunius, first consul, ro. 
39. I; II. 5. 9; II. 44. 1; M. 
Iunius, the tyrannicide, 1. 42. 
Introd.; $xer of, 2. 77. 4. 

bucca (in buccam venire), 12. 24. 5. 

bucolic czesura, § 47, f. 


building, passion for, 9. 22. 16; 9. 46. 


bustum, S. 37. 14. 
buxetum, 3. 58. 3. 
buxus, carefully trained, 1. 88. 5. 
Byblis, 10. 35. 7. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Caballus: see Tettius Caballus. 

caballus, 1. 41. 20. 

Cadmus, 2. 43. 7; 6. 11. 7. 

Caecilianus, various persons, I. 20. 
Introd.; 2. 71. 1; 4. 15. 2; 6 
35. 2; 6. 88. 2; 7. 59. Introd.; 
II. 42. 2. 

Caecilius, 1. 41. Introd. r. 

Caecina Paetus, 1. 13. Introd. 

Caecubum vinum, 4. 69. 1; 12. 17. 6. 

caedere, ‘flog’, 8. 23. 2, 3. 

Caedicianus, (10. 32. 2). 

caelebs, of a tree, 3. 58. 3; = viduus, 
of a widower, 4. 69. 3. 

Caeliolus, 12. 18. 6. 

Caelius Maior, 12. 18. 6. 

caelum, graver's tool, 4. 39. 4. 

Caesar, Iulius, 11. 5. 11; planted 
platanus in Spain, 9. 61. Introd., 
6. 

Caesar, ‘the emperor’, Lib. Spect. 
29.4; I. 117. 10; Caesareus, ‘im- 
perial', Lib. Spect. r. 7. 

Caesius Sabinus, 9. 6o. Introd. 

caestus, 11. 84. 14. 

czsura, in choliambics (scazons), 
$ 52, c; in hendecasyllabics, § 49, 
b; in hexameters, § 47, b-f. See . 
also 1. 15. 7; 8. 43. 3; 9. 100. I. 

Caieta, 10. 30. 8. 

Calabrae Camenae, Y2. 94. 5. 

Calagurris, birthplace of Quin- 
tilian, $ 1; 2. go. r. 

calamistrum, 3. 63. 3. 

calamus, ‘fishing-pole’, 4. 30. 9; 
*pen', 7. 17. 7. 

calathus, 8. 6. 16; 9. 59. 15. 

calceus, 1. 103. 6; calceus patricius, 
z. 29. 7, 8. 

calculator, Yo. 62. 4. 

calda, 2. 1. 9-10. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Calenus, husband of Sulpicia, 1o. 
35. 21. 

calix, 2. 1. 10. 

Callaicum aurum, 4. 39. 7 ; 10.17. 3. 

Calliodorus, 1o. 31. z. 

Callistratus, 5. r3. Introd., 6; 12. 
80. Introd. 

Callistus, 5. 64. 1. 

calva, 5. 49. 3; 6. 57. 3. 

Calvinus, 7. 9o. 2. 

Calvus, § 33. 

calvus, 1. 72. 8. 

Calydonian boar, 9. 48. 6; 11. 18. 
17-18. 

Camenae, 4. 14. 10; 12. 94. 5. 

Camillus, 11. 5. 7. 

cammarus, 2. 43. 12. 

Campus Esquilinus, 5. 22. 2. 

Campus Martius, 5. 20. 9; exercise 
in, 2. 14. 3-4; for buildings in, 
see e.g. Argonautarum Porticus, 
Europe, Saepta, Memphiticus, 
Porticoes, Hecatostylon, Pompei 
Porticus, Marcellus, Porticus 
Vipsania, Mausoleum Augusti, 
Porticus Philippi. 

Canace, a slave-girl, 11. 91. Introd.; 
of legend, 11. 9r. 1. 

Candidus, 2. 43. 1; 3. 46. Introd. 

candidus, ‘sincere’, ‘fair’, ‘impar- 
tial’, 2. 71. 1; 4. 86. 5; of style, 
7.25.2. See nix. 

candor, of complexion, 5. 37. 1. 

canicula or canis (actus at dice), 
13.1. 6. 

Canius Rufus, §17; 1.61.9; 10. 48.5. 

Canopus, 3. 63. 5. 

cantica Nili, 3. 63. 5. 

canus, epithet of Vesta, I. 70. 3; 
‘light yellow’, 3. 58. 34. 

canusinatus, 9. 22. 9. 


361 


Canusium, wool of, 9. 22. 9. 
capillatus, of slaves, 2. 57. 5; 3. 
58. 31; 10. 62. 2; 12. 18. 24-25. 

Capitolinus agon, 4. 49. 1, 2. 

Capitolium Vetus, 7. 73. 4. 

Cappadocia, government of, 12. 
29. 6; slaves from, 9. 22. 9. 

caprificus, among tombs and ruins, 
IO. z. 9. 

capsa, 1. 2. 4. 

captatio, 12. 82. 3-4. 

captatores, 1. 10. Introd. ; 2. 18. 1; 
5. 39; 6. 63. Introd, 8; 9. 48. 
Introd.; 9. 88. Introd.; 9. 100. 
4; I1. 4. 41 I1. 67. 7; I2. IO. 
Introd.; described as hunters 
or fishermen, 9. 88. 4. 

caput, emotional, = vita, homo, 9. 
68. 2. 

caput cenae, 10. 31. 4. 

carckesia, 8. 55. 15. 

Cares, Lib. Spect. 1. 6. 

carmen, ‘lyric poem’, 2. 7. 2. 

carpere viam (iter), 14. 188. 2. 

carruca, 12. 24. 2. 

Carthaginians, treacherous, 4. 14. 
2, 4. 

casia, 6. 55. I. 

Castalia fons, 4. 14. I. 


' Castalides sorores, 4. 14. 1. 


Castalis, 9. 18. 8. 

Castor, temple of, r. 70. 3. 

Castora, Greek acc. sing., 1. 70. 3. 

castra transferre, S. 14. 3. 

casus, ‘misfortune’, 3. 52. 2. 

catasta, platform for slaves, 9. 59. 5; 
10. 76. 3. 

cathedra, at recitations, 1. 76. 13; 
2.14.8; 3.63. 7; woman's chair, 
3. 63. 7- 

Cato the Censor, I0. 20. 21; 12. 6.8. 


362 


Cato Uticensis, I. 42. 4; 1I. 5. 14. 

Catullus, Q. Valerius, $8 28; 34; 
I. I. 3 (end); 1. 61.1; 1. 109. 1; 
2.71. 33 4. 14. 13,14; 8.73. 8; 
14. 195. Introd. ; imitated by M., 
I. 109. I; 2. 41. 3-4; 4. 64. 36; 
5.37. 5-6; 10. 35. 11-12; I1. 52. 
I; I2. I7. IO; 12. 24. I; I2. 39. 
Introd.; and Verona, 1.61.1; 4. 
14. I3. See doctus. 

caupo, 3. 58. 24. 

causari, 4. 15. 3. 

causas agere: see agere. 

causidicus, 6. 8. 2; 9. 68. 6. 

Caystros, swans of, 1. 53. 7-8. 

Cecropius, * Athenian’, 1.25. 3; 1. 
53. 10; 11. 42. 4. 

cedrus, oil of, used to protect 
books, 3. 2. 7; 14. 37. 2. 

Celaenaeus, epithet of Marsyas, 
10. 62. 9. 

celeuma, 4. 64. 21. 

cella, 8. 14. 5. 

Celtae, 10. 65. 3-4. 

Celtiberae terrae, 12. 18. 11. 

cena, hour of, 4.1.4; 10.48. 9; II. 
52. 3; distinguished from pro- 
mulsis and comissatio, 1. 103. 8; 
guests at, at first seated, 3. 44. 16; 
poetry read at, 3. 44. 15; 3. 45. 
Introd., 5-6; 3. 50. Introd., 2, 5,8; 
hunters of, 12. 82. Introd. See 
comissatioy gustus, promulsis; 
soleae; morio; roses. 

cena popularis, 1. 20. Introd.; 1.43. 
Introd.; 3.58.42; 6.48.2; 7.48. 
Introd.; 7.86. 1; 11. 35. Introd. 

cena publica: see cena popularis. 

cena recta, 2. 69:7; 3. 60. 1; 3. 7. 
Introd.; substitute for sportxda, 
2. 69. 7; 3. 7. Introd. 


GENERAL INDEX 


censere — laudare, 1.61. 3; 8.6.9. 

censor morum, Domitian as: see 
Domitian. 

census, ‘rating’, ‘property’, 2. go. 
5; of equites, 1. 103. 1; of sena- 
tors, I. 103. I. 

Centaurs and Lapithae, 8. 6. 7-8. 

centenz, round number, 2. 1. 1. 

Centumviri, court of, 1.76. 12; 5. 
20. 6; 7. 63. 7; 10. 20. 15. 

cerdo, 3. 99. Introd. 

cereus, 3. S8. 19; 10. 94. 6. 

Cerialis, Iulius, 10. 48. 5; 11. 52. 
Introd. See Petilius Cerialis. 

Cerrinius, 8. 18. Introd. 

certamen quinquennale, 4. 94. 1. 

certare, with dat., 1. 43. 4; I2. 21. 
5-6. 

certum est (mihi), ‘I’m resolved’, 
3. 38. 13. 

cerussa, 1. 72. 6; 2. 41. I2; 7. 25. 1. 

Cestus, 8. 5o. 18. 

chaplets: see corona. 

Charidemus, 1. 43. 14. 

Charinus, 4. 39. 1; 5. 39. 2; II. 59. 
Introd. 

charioteers, gains of, 10. 74. 5-6. 

charlatans, medical, 1. 47. Introd. 

Charmenion, 10. 65. Introd., 2. 

charta, ‘writing(s)’, 1.25.7; 2.1.4; 
5. 26. 2; (8.24.2); (10. 2. 11); 
‘poem’, 1. 66. 7. 

cheese: see Sassina; Velabrum. 

Chian figs, 7. 25. 8. 

chiasmus, 1. 4. 8; 1.79.1; 6. 28. 7; 
8.35.2; 8. 43. 1; 9. 18. 2; ro. 
47. 6; 12. 17. 3. 

children, death of, before parents, 
esp. sad to Romans, 7. 96. 8. 
See zws trium liberorum. 

Chimerinos, 9. 13. 2. 


* 


GENERAL INDEX 


Chiron, centaur, 2. 14. 6. 

chirurgus, Y. 47. 1. 

Chloe, 9. 15. 2. 

choliambus, § 52; pure, I. 113. 4. 

choraules, 5. 56. 9. 

chortis aves, 7. 54. 7; 1. 52. 14. 

chorus (of scholars), 10. 62. 3. 

Chrestilla, 8. 43. 1. 

chrysendeta, z. 43. 11; 4. 39. 7- 

cicadae, 10. 58. 3; 11. 18. 5. 

cicer (madidum, frictum), 1. 41.6; 
tepidum, 1. 103. 10; in collective 
sing., 1. 41. 6. 

Cicero, M. Tullius, (3. 38. 3); mur- 
der of, 5.69. 1,2,4; 7.63.6; bom 
at Arpinum, 10.20. 17; works of, 
carried on a journey, 14. 188; 
model of the rhetores, 5. 56. 5; 
villa of, owned by Silius Italicus, 
11. 48. z. 

Cilicia, cloth of, 8. 50. 11; crocus 
from, 8. 14. I. 

Cinna, various persons, 1. 89. In- 
trod.; 3.61. Introd.; 5. 76. Introd., 
4; 6.17; 7. 43. Introd.; C. Hel- 
vius, IO. 2I. 4. 

cinnamum, 3. 63.4; 6. 55. 1. 

Cinnamus, 6. 17. Introd., 1. 

Cinyps, river, goats of, 8. 5o. 11. 

Circe: see Circeii. 

Circeii (and Circe), ro. 3o. 8. 

circulator, ‘street fakir’, I. 41. 7. 

circulus, of persons, I. 41. 5-6; Io. 
62. 5. 

circus, noise of, 10. 53. 1-2. See 
factiones. 

Cirrha, 1. 76. 11. 

citharoedus, 3. 4.8; 5. 56. 9. 

citreae mensae: see mensae. 

citrus-wood tables: see mensae. 

Civis, 3. 38. 5. 


363 


Cladius, 2. 57. 7. 

clamare, * bawl', 9. 68. 12. 

clamor, applause, 9. 68. 7. 

claqueurs, 3. 46. 7-8; 6. 48. 1. 

Claranus, Io. 21. 1-2. 

Classicus, 2. 69. Introd. 

Claudius, emperor, poisoned by 
boletus, Y. 20. 2, 4. 

clavus angustus, 8. 5. Introd. 

Cleopatra, 4. 59. 5. 

clepsydra, 4. 8. Introd.; 6. 35. 1. 

clientes, officium of, 1.70; 2. 18. 5; 
3. 7- 2; 9. 22. 10; among official 
class, 10. I0. 2, 12; received in 
atrium, 1.70. 2, 12; had to wear 
toga, 2. 20.4 1 2. 57. 5; 9. 100. 15 
10. 74. 3; attended se//a, lectica, 
9. 100. 3; IO. 10. 7-8; woes of, 
2. 18; 6. 88. Introd.; 10.10; 10. 
74. Seesalutatio; salutator; spor- 
tula; cena publica; toga; officium. 

climate, of (ancient) Italy, 4. 18. 1; 
of Spain, 12. 31. 4. 

Clivus Aricinus, 2. 19. 3. 

Clivus Sacer: see sacer. 

Clivus Setinus, 10. 74. 11. 

Clivus Suburanus, 5. 22. 5; 10. 20. 
4-5. 

Clodia — Lesbia, 8. 73. 3. 

clothes, care of, 12. 18. 18. 

coactus, of cheese, 11. 52. 1o. 

coccina, 2. 43. 8. See coccum. 

coccum, 2.29.8; 10.76.9. Seecoccina. 

codex, 1. 2. Introd. 

codicilli, 1. 2. 3. 

cogere, ‘force’, ‘ripen artificially’, 
II. 52. IO. 

Colchis, 3. 58. 16; 10. 35. 5. 

Colchis = Medea, 5. 53. I. 

Colchus = magicus, 12. 57. 17. 

colere atrium, 3. 38. 11. 


364 


collective singular: see singular. 

colles: see hills; septem montes. 

Collinus, 4. 54. Introd. 

colloquialisms, 3. 15. 2; 7. 99. 7. 

colonnades: see porticus; Porticoes. 

Colossus of Rhodes: Lib. Spect. r. 
Introd.; 1. 70. 8; 2. 77. 3. See 
Nero. 

colum, for wine, 5. 64. 2. 

columba, 3. 58. 18; bird of Venus, 
8. 32. 1-2. 

colis = fila, pensa, 7. 47. 8. 

comam vellere, sign of grief, 2. 11. 
5i 5. 37. 19- 

combs, 12. 82. 9. 

comissatio, 1. 103. 8; 10. 20. 18, 20; 
13. 126. 1; amusements at, z. I. 
9—10; 3.44. 15; 4.1.7; perfumes 
at, 3. 12. I. 

comitatus, with abl., 5. 9. 2. 

committere, ‘match ’ in fight, 8. 43. 
3 à 

comparatio compendiaria, 4. 75. 3. 

conative present: see present. 

conca, ‘pearl’, 5. 37. 3. 

conchis, ‘pea-soup’, food of poor, 
5. 39. 10. 

conchylia, 11. 52. 13. 

concretus, 4. 59. 4. 

condere — sepelire, 4. 32.1; 7.96.1; 
IO. 43.1; ‘store up’ wine, 7. 79. 3. 

condicio, ‘invitation’, ‘chance’, 11. 
52:2; 

congiarium, 3. 7. 2. 

conjunction, postponed, Lib. Spect. 
I. 2; 2. I. I0; 3. 44.1; IO. 96. 1. 

conlocare, commercial term, 1. 113. 
a, 

considere, 5. 14. S... 

constare, ‘cost’, 1. 103. 10; 6. 88. 3; 
13. 3. 2. 


GENERAL INDEX 


consul= annus, 1.15.3; entrance of, 
upon Office, 10. 10. 1; as client, 
10. IO. 2. 

conterere, 4. 1. I. 

convenire, ‘agree’, impers., 8. 35. 3. 

convicia facere, 3. 46. 9. 

convivari, 6. S1. 1. 

cooling of wine: see wine, xix 
Snow. 

copyists : see Ziórarzus. 

copyright laws, unknown in Rome, 
1. 29. 3-4. 

cor, ‘judgment’, ‘sense’, 11. 84. 
17. 

Coracinus, 6. 55. 4. 
Corduba, as a literary center, 1. 61. 
8; 14. 194. 1; wool of, 9. 61. z. 
Cordus, z. 57. 4; 3. 15. Introd., 1; 
5. 26. Introd. 

cordyla, 3. 2. 45 11. 52. 7; I3. I. I. 

Corinna, Ovid’s, 7. 21. 1-2; 8.73.9. 

Corinthian bronze: see aes Corin- 
thium. 

Corinthus, 10. 65. 1. 

Corneli Forum, 3. 4. 1. 

corona, Y1. 18. 7 ; ‘circle’ of men, 1. 
41. 6; convivialis, 5.64. 4; 9. 61. 
17; of the aurigae, 10. 50. 4. 

coronare, ‘garnish’, 10. 48. 11; 10. 
62. 5. 

correction of books, 7. 17. 7. 

Corsican honey, inferior, 9. 26. 4; 
II. 42. 4. 

Corvinus: see Messala. 

Cosconius, 2. 77. Introd. 

cosmetics, use of, 1.72. 6. See 
cerussa; creta. 

Cosmus, unguentarius, 6. 55.3; 9. 
26. 2; 11. 18. 9. 

cothurnatus, of style, ‘lofty’, 7. 63. 


5. 


* 


inus 


GENERAL INDEX 


cothurnus, 4. 49.8; = tragoedia, 8. 
3. 13; 8. 18. 7. 

Cotilus, 3. 65. 1. 

Cotta, 6. 70. Introd.; unknown, r. 
9. I. 

courts, time allowed for speeches 
in, 6. 35. I. 

covinnus, 12. 24. Introd., 1. 

Crassus, 11. 5. 12. 

crassus, ‘gross’, * coarse’, 9.22.2; 
of rain, 12. 29. 10. 

crater, 1. 27. 2; 8. 6. 7. 

credere, play on, 3. 15. 1. 

Cremona, 8. 55. 7. 

crepare, ‘chink ’, 1.76. 14; 12.36. 3. 

crepidae, 1. 103. 6. 

crescent, of ivory, on calceus patri- 
cius, 2. 29. 7, 8. 

creta, used by women to whiten 
complexion, 2. 41. II. 

Creticus, 7. 9o. 4. 

crimen, 10. 61. 2. 

Crispinus, 7. 99. Introd. 

Crispus, Passienus, 4. 54.7; 10. z. 
10; 12. 36.9; Vibius, 4. 54. 7; 
12. 36. 9. 

crocus (sativus), 8. 14. 1. 

Croesus, 5. 39. 8; II. 5. 4. 

crudus = crudelis, 4.49.4; ‘green’, 
IT. I8. 9. 

erystalla, 9. 22. 7; 10. 66. 5. 

crystallina, 1. 53. 6. 

cucullus, ‘bag’, 3. 2. 5; ‘cowl’, r. 
53. 4-5; 5. 14. 6; 10. 76. 8. 

culcita, 2. 16. 1. 

Culex (of Vergil?), 8. 55. 20. 

cultus, ‘refined’ (of literary work), 
1.25. 2; ‘well-dressed’, 9. 22. 
10. 

cum, ‘whenever’, 8. 76. 3; Znver- 
sum, 7. 96. 4; 8. 3. 9. 


365 


cune?, in theater, 5. 14. 8. 

Cupido, in pl, 9. 11. 9; 11. 13. 6. 

cura, of literary trouble and work, 
1.25.6; 1. 66. 5; 1. 107. 5; IO. 
2. 1; = opus (literary), 1. 25. 6; 
I. 107. 5. 

Curius Dentatus, 11. 5. 8. 

cursor, 12, 24. 7. 

cyathus, 1. 27. 2; 8. $0. 21-22; 10. 
66. 5. 


"Cybele, cult of, at Rome, 7. 73. 


3-4: 11. 84. 3-4; tholus of, 1. 
70. 10. 

Cybeles, Greek gen., I. 70. 10; 7. 
73- 3-43 9. 11. 6. 

Cybeles Puer: see Attis. 

Cygnus, 13.773 5. 37. 1. See Ca- 
ystros. 

cymbium, 8. 6. 2. 

Cynthia, Propertius's, 7. 21. 1-2; 8. 
73- 55 14. 189. 1-2. 

Cythera and Venus, 4. 44. 5. 


dactyliotheca, 11. $9. 4. 
Dama = servus, 12. 17. 10. 


. damma, 3. 58. 28; 13. 94. Introd. 


dancing among Romans, 2. 7. 5; 
3. 63. 6. See saltare; saltatio. 
daps (dapes), 3. 45. 33 3. 589. 423 
7. 86. 1. 

Dasius, 6. 70. 6. 

dative, of ‘agent’, 1. 70. 11; of 
interest, 1. 41. 10; of limit of 
motion, I. 4I. 10; with adplicare, 
6. 28. 8; with certare, 1. 43. 4; 
12. 31. 5-6; with zungere, mi- 
scere, 6. 28. 5. 

day, ordo of Roman, 4. 8. Introd., 
1, 3) 45 5 6, 7, 11-12; marked 
with stones, white or black, 9. 
52. 4-5; 12. 34. 5-6. 


366 


de, postpos., 8. 50. 18. 

dead, honors to, to. 61. 4. 

debilis, 8. 6. 8. 

Decianus, §7; I. 61. 10; 2. 5. 
Introd. 

declamare, z. 7. 4. 

declension, forms of: see forms. 

decoguere, ‘run through one’s 
money’, 2. II. 9. 

dedolare, of surgery, 11. 84. 6. 

deesse (deest), deerunt, dissyllabic, 
8. 55. 3; 10. 48. 10; II. 52. 9. 

defunctus = mortuus, 8. 97. 5. 

Delia, Tibullus's, 7. 21. 1-2; 8.73. 7. 

deliberative subjv., in question, 1o. 
IO. 5. 

delicatus, 3. 58. 32; 4. 30. 16; 4. 
64. 10; 10. 30. 22; IO. 74. II; 
I2. 57. I9. 

deliciae, Y. 109. 53 5. 34. 2; 6. 28. 
3; 7. 88. 2; 10. 35. 9; 10. 53. 
23 i1. 13.3. 

Democritus, Io. 25. 4. 

denarius, weight and value of, 1. 
117.17; dat. and abl. pl. of, 
denaris, 1. 117. 17 ; 9. 100. I. 

dens, ‘elephant tusk’, ‘ivory’, 1. 
72. 41 2. 43-93 5-37-53 9. 22. 
5; 13. 94. 1 ; = pecten, 12. 82. 9. 

depilatories, 2. 29. 6; 2. 36. 6; .3. 
63. 6; 10. 65. 8. See dropax; 
salamandra. 

deponent pf. part., 4. 59. 4 (con- 
cretus), 

deponere soleas: see soleae. 

desidiosus (homo), 1. 107.2; 8. 3.12. 

Deucalion, 5. 55. Introd., 4. 

deus, — *nabob', ‘great man’, 5. 
64.6; of Domitian, 7. 99. 8. 

dieresis, 6. 17. 3; 8. 76. 7 ; 10. 
72. 43 12. 18. 4; 12. 34. 5; con- 


GENERAL INDEX 


tinuous, in hendecasyllabics, 
$ 49, d; in hexameters, $ 47, i. 
See also 5. 20. 9. 

Diana, temple of, at Ephesus, Lib. 
Spect. 1. Introd.; worshiped in 
country, 11. 18. 4; festival of, 
on August 13, 12. 67. 2; grove 
and shrine of, at Aricia, 2. 19. 
3-4; 11. 18. 4. 

Dianae collis, 7. 73. 1; 12. 18. 3. 

diastole, $ 54, a. 

Diaulus, a medicus, 1. 47. Introd. 

dice, throws of, 13. 1. 5-6. See 
lali, tesserae. 

dice-box: see /rititlus. 

dico, ‘speak of’, with acc. in 
poetry, 1. 61. 8. 

dictation in Roman schools, 8. 3. 
I5. 

Dido, 8. 6. 13. 

dies — lux diei, Y2. 57. 25. 

dies civilis, naturalis, 4. 8. Introd. 

dies felices, atri, 9. 52. 4-5. 

dies natalis, carefully kept, 7. 86. 1; 
9. 52. 2; IO. 27. 1 ; I2. 67. 4. 

digitus medius, inpudicus, infamis, 
6. 70. 5; ad digitum concurrere, 
Lib. Spect. 29. 5. 

dimidius = dimidiatus, YO. z. 10. 

diminutives, of contempt (I. 4. 1); 
4. 25. 43 5. 37. 20; I2. 36. 3, 
13; of endearment, I. 2. 1; I. 
109. 5; 5. 49. 10; IO. 58. 3. 

dinner: see cena. 

dinner-hunters, 2.11. Introd.; 9. 19. 

Diodorus, 1. 98; 10. 27. Introd., 1. 

dibsas, 3. 44. 7. 

Discobolus, of Myron, 4. 39. 2. 

dispensator, 5. 42. 5. 

dispeream (si non .. . dispeream), 
2. 69. 2. 


GENERAL INDEX 


dissignator, in theater, 5.8. Introd.; 
5. 14. 6. See Leitus. 

dissimulare deum, Lib. Spect. 1. 
4; VS. szmulare, Lib. Spect. 1. 4. 

distich, elegiac, § 48. 

disticha, 8. 29. 1. 

distributive adj. in sing., 4. 64. 32. 

doctae sorores, the Muses, 1. 7o. 
T5. 

doctus, ‘cultured’, 1. 25. 2; of 
Catullus in particular, 1. 61. 1; 
7. 99. 7; 8. 73. 8; with inf, 5. 
24. 7; 6. 52. 3-4. 

dog, as pet, I. 109. 5. 

dolere vs. lugere, 1. 33. 4; play on 
meanings of, 1. 13. 4. 

dolium, Y1. 18. 24. 

dolor, for the dead, 6. 52. 2; 6. 63. 
7; 7-96. 1. 

dolphin, stories about, 8. 50. 15. 

domare, of the soil, 4. 64. 33. 

domina Roma, 1. 3. 3; domina urbs, 
I2. 21. 9. 

dominus = patronus, 2. 18. 5; 10. 
IO. 5; in direct address, 6. 88. 2. 

dominus deusque, said of Domi- 
tian, 5. 8. 1; 10. 72. 3; zo? used 
of Nerva, Io. 72. 8. 

dominus mundi, said of Domitian, 
8. 32. 6. 

Domitian, helped M., § 8; censor 
morum, 1. 4. Introd, 7; 1.70.5; 
4. I. 11-12; 5. 8. Introd.; 10. 5. 
2; as god, 4. 8. 8, 9, 12; 4. 30. 2, 
3 16; 7. 99. 4,8; 5.8.1; 8. 24; 
9. 18. 8 (see deus; dominus de- 
usque; dominus mundi; luppi- 
ter); M.'s flattery of, 8. 55. 1-2; 
I. 4. Introd., 2, 3-8; 1. 76. 5; 1. 
89. 6; 4. 8. 8, 9, 12; 9. 18. 7-8; 
war record of, 1. 70. 6;.8. 55. 


367 


I-2; M. presents book to, 4. 1; 
M. asks favor from, 9. 18; death 
of, 12. 11. Introd.; M.’s treat- 
ment of, when dead, 8 36 ; 12. 6. 
4, II, 12. 

Domitius Apollinaris, 4. 86. 3; 7. 
89. Introd. ; 10. 30. Introd. 

Domitius Marsus, § 33; 2. 71. 3; 
2. 77. 85i 7-99. 71 8. 55. 21. 

domus, ‘city mansion’, 3. 58. 51; 
4. 64. 25; palaestra in, 3. 58. 25; 
called after former owner, 12. 
57. 19. 

doors, Roman, kicked at in *knock- 
ing’, 10. 20. 12-13. 

double negative, 12. 21. 5-6. 

dreams, 7. 54. Introd., 1. 

drinking at ceza, 8. 50. 21 (see 
comissatzo) ; in speech in court 
bad form, 6. 35. Introd., 3-4, 
5-6. 

dropax, 10. 65. 8. 

Dryads, 9. 61. 11-12. 

ducere = producere, 12. 36. 4; = ex- 
istimare, 1. 15. 6. 

dum = dummodo, 8. 3. 22; dum 
lantum = dummodo, 9. 46. 4. 

duplex with sing. = duo with pl, 
2. 77. 6. 

durus, Yo. 66. t. 

dux = imperator, princeps, 1. 4. 43 
12. 6. 6; 12. 11. 6. 

dwarfs, Roman liking for, 8. 13. 
Introd. 


Earinus, Flavius, 9. 11. Introd., 
12; 9. 13. Introd. 

earthenware: see Arretium, Sa- 
guntum. 

ebrius, * wanton ’, IO. 20. 13. 

ebur, support for ordes, 9. 59. 8. 


368 


eclipses of moon, 12. 57. 16. 

editor muneris, Lib. Spect. 29. 3. 

eels, in preserves, 12. 31. 5. 

effect, acc. of : see accusative. 

efferre = sepelire, 8. 43. 1. 

Egeria, 10. 35. 13. 

Egypt, grain from, 6. 8o. 10; ro. 
74: 9- 

Liarinos, 9. 11. 13. 

electrum, 8. 50. 5. 

elegiac distich, § 48. 

elephant tusks: see dens. 

elision, in choliambics, § 52, d ; in 
hendecasyllabics, rare, § 49, c; 
in pentameter, I. 15. 12. 

Elysiae domus, 1. 93. z. 

Elysium nemus, 11. 5. 6. 

emendare, of literary productions, 
4. 10. 8. 

emerald, esteemed, 9. 58. 17. 

Emerita Augusta, I. 61. 10. 

emeritus, 7. 63. 11. 

emetics, use of, 9. 48. 8. 

emotion, verbs of, with acc., I. 33. 1. 

emperor, statues and busts of, in 
Rome, 1. 70. 6. 

éncaustic painting, 4. 47. I. 

ending of hexameter, I2. 3I. 3. 
See also pentameter. 

enterocele implicita, 11. 84. 5. 

entheatus, 12. §7. 11. 

entheus, 11. 84. 4. 

Ephesus: see Diana, temple of. 

epics, 12. 94. 1; decried, 8. 3 pas- 
sim, esp. 14-18. 

epigram, definition and history of, 
§§ 21-29 ; among Romans, $$ 28- 
29; classes of, § 26; mixed char- 
acter of, § 25; satirical element 
in, § 26; parts of, § 27; essentials 
of, § 27 ; vs. epos, 4. 49. Introd. ; 


GENERAL INDEX 


begins and ends with like verses, 
4. 64. 36; defended by M., 8. 3. 
Introd.; epigraphic (epitaphic), 
II. 13; II. 91; 7. 96. Introd.; 
epistolary, 12. 11. 

epigrammaton, Greek gen. pl, 1. 
I. 3. 

epos: see epics. 

epulum funebre, 3. 12. 5. 

equestrian census: see census. 

equestrian rank, conferred by em- 
peror, § 8; 5. 13. 1. 

equestrian statues, of bronze, 9. 
68. 5-6; to lawyers, 9. 68. 6. 

equites, insignia of, 8. 5. Introd. ; 
seats of, in theater, 2. 29. 2; 5. 
8. Introd. 

ergastula, 9. 22. 4. 

ergo, betrays feeling, 1. 10. 4; 1. 
41. 2; 8. 55. 24; much used by 
M. and Juvenal, z. 18. z. 

Erotion, 5. 34. Introd.; 5. 37. 14; 
Io. 61. Introd. 

Lrythraeus, 5. 37. 4$ 10. 17. 5. 

Esquiliae (Esquilinus), residences 
On, 5. 22. 2; 7. 73. 1; Pliny's 
house on, 10. 20. 4-5; Lacus 
Orphei on, ro. 20. 6-7. 

Esquilinus Campus : see Campus 
Esquilinus. 

essedum, 4.64.19; 10. 104.7; 12. 57. 
23; ‘a day's journey ', ‘stage’, 
10. 104. 7. 

est, ‘is possible’, 12. 82. 1. 

estates, called after former owner, 
12. 57. 19; tilled by slaves, 9. 
22. 4. 

esuritor, 3. 14. 1. 

et = et lamen, ‘and yet’, ‘but’, 
I. 15. 4; I. 43. 11; 2. 43. 16; z. 
88. 1; 4. 68. 1; 5. 20. 15; 5. 37- 


GENERAL INDEX 


18; 6. 70. 11; 7. 92. 4; I1. 42. 
4; 13. 3- 45; I3. 70. 2; = etzam, 
1. 3. 65 a. 43. 11, 12; 1. 89. 2; 
‘even’, I. I2. II; 2. 11. 8; 9. 
26. 5; ‘also’, 6.11.6; 10. 50. 8; 
out of logical place, Lib. Spect. 
29. 2. 

Euhadne, 4. 75. 5. 

Eulogus, 6. 8. 5. 

Euphemus, 4. 8. Introd., 7. 

Europe, porticus of, 2. 14. 3-4. 

Eutrapelus, 7. 83. 1. 

exactus, ‘finished’, ‘polished’, 9. 
81. 2. 

exchanging, verbs of, syntax with, 
I. 4I. 5-6; 9. 22. I2. 

excidere, ‘forget’, 8. 55. 17. 

excitare, ‘awaken’, 12. 57. 26. 

excusare, play on, 3. 18. 2. 

exemplum, ‘precedent’, 1. 27. 6. 

exigere, 3. 46.1. See exactus. 

expendere, ‘examine critically’, 9. 
59. 15- 

explicare, ‘set out a table’, 1. 
103. 8. 

exprimere, of fine art, 1. 109. 18. 

extremus (dies) = supremus. dies, 


4. 54- 4 


faba, food of poor, 1o. 48. 16. 

Fabius, 8. 43. Introd. 

Fabricius, a centurion, 1.93; (the 
famous), 11. 5. 8. 

fabulae, ‘conversation’, 5. 20. 8. 

Fabulla, 2. 41. 11. 

Fabullinus, 12. 51. 

Fabullus, 3. 12. 4 ; I1. 35. 4. 

facere, ‘be guilty’, 9. 15. 2; facere 
pretium, ‘bid’, at auction, 1. 
85. 7; in the Saepta, 9. 59. 20. 

Jacetíae, 10. 35. 9. 


369 


facilis (hortus), 3. 58. 29; facies 
dei, 1. 103. 4; 12. 6. To. 

facta ves, 1. 27. 4. 

Jactiones of theater, 9. 68. 7; of 
circus, 10. 48. 23; of amphi- 
theater, 9. 68. 9. 

facundus, x. 61. 8; 9. 26. 1; 14. 
189. 1-2. 

Jfaemus, 5. 42. 3. 

faex, 1. 103. 9. 

fakirs in Rome, 1. 41. 7. 

Falernus (ager), 4. 69. 1; 9. 22. 8; 
collis, 12. 57. 22; Falernum vi- 
num, 5. 64.1; 8. 56. 14; 10. 66. 
6; 12. 17. 5. 

fallere, used fig., = znquinare, 1. 
109. II. 

Jama, ‘talk’ of men, Lib. Spect. 
1.8; ‘annals of fame’, 1. 93. 6. 

Fama, ‘Rumor’, t. 29. 1. 

familia urbana et rustica, 3. 58. 29. 

fancy names, for slaves, 5.24.1; II. 
84. 2; for vehicles, 4.64.19; 12. 
24. Introd. 

Fannius, 2. 80. 1. 

fasces, of consul, 7. 63. 9-10; 
laurigeri, YO. IO. 1. 

Jasti ( purpurei), 12. 29. 5. 

fastidia, 1. 3. 3. 

fata = Parcae, 7. 47. 8. 

fateor, used paratactically, 3. 12. 1. 

Fates: see Parcae. 

fatum = mors, 1. 42. 1; 2. 11. 6; 
6. 63. 7; 11. 67. 1. 

fatuus, ‘insipid’, 7. 25. 7. 

Sauces vs. gula, 11. 86. 1, 5. 

Faustinus, 1. 25. Introd.; 3. z. 6; 
3. 25. 25; 3. 58. Introd. 1; 4. 10. 
Introd. 

Faustus, baths of, 2. 14. II. 

Favor, 10. 5o. z. ! 


370 


Jax, at funerals, 8. 43. 2. 
Senerare (aliquem), 1.76.6; 1.85.4. 
Jera, ‘creature’, 4. 59. z. 

Sercula, 3. S0. 5. 

Verre = auferre, 6.70.8; = efferre, 
IO. 5. 9; pun on, z. 1. 2; ZJaudz- 
bus ferre, 'extol', Lib. Spect. 1.6. 

Serre patique, 12. 29. 8. 

Serrum = ensis, 1.42.6; = securis, 
9. 61. 20; ‘knife’, 10. 48. 15. 
Jerula, used in schools, 10. 62. ro. 
Jervens, ‘resplendent’, 10. 74. 6. 
Jestinatus, ‘forced’, said of roses, 

I3. 127. I. 

Jestuca, 1. 15. 9-10. 

fictitious names in M., $ 38 ; 2. 41. 
6; 5. 24. 1. 

Fidenae, 4. 64. 15. 

Fidentinus, plagiarist, t. 29.Introd.; 
I. 38; 1. 53. 

fides, 1. I5. z. 

figs (Chian), 7. 25. 8. 

figura = imago,‘ portrait ', 1. 53. 2. 

final cl., after /aczo, Proficio, 5.76. 2. 

fingere, of literary work, 12. 94. 
9; work in clay, 8. 6. 2; 8. 24. 5; 
(10. 39. 4). 

finger-rings, use of, z. 29. 2; gold, 
worn by equites, 8. 5. Introd.; 
display of, 11. 59. Introd. 

fire-insurance, unknown, 3. 52. 2. 

fires in Rome, 3. 52.2; set, 3. 52. 4. 

fishing, 3. 58. 25. See calamus; 
linea; saeta. 

fish-ponds, 4. 3o. Introd. 
piscina; stagna ; vivaria. 

fistula, of Pan's pipe, 9. 61. 14. 

Flaccus, 4. 49. 1; 8. 56. 5; 10. 48. 
5; 11. 80. 3; of Patavium?, 1.61. 
4; 1.76. Introd. See Horatius 
Flaccus. 


See 


GENERAL INDEX 


Flaccilla, mother of M., § 6; 5. 34. 
Introd., 1, 7. 

flagellare, z. 30. 4; 5. 13. 6. 

flagellum (flagrum), 8. 23. 3; 10. 
62. 8. 

flamingo, eaten, 3. 58. 14. 

Flaminia Via, 3. 4. 2; 3. 14. 4; 4. 64. 
18; 11. 13. 1. 

Flavus, 10. 104. Introd. 

flebilis, 10. 61. 5-6. 

flere, with acc., 1. 33.1; 6. 28. 10. 

Flora, temple and worship of, 5. 22. 4. 

Jlumen, ‘canal’, 10. 58. 4. 

focale, 4. 41. Introd. 

focus, 8.50.4; 9. 61.20; 10. 96.8; 
12. I8. 19; = fornax, ‘crucible’, 
8. 50. 4; sacred to /azes, 2. 9o. 7; 
3. 58. 22. 

foedus, 1. 10. 3. 

Joliatum unguentum, Y. 18. 9. 

fellis, in game of ball, 12. 82. 5. 

fools: see morio. 

Formiae, 10. 30. I. 

Sormonsus, 5.29. z. 

forms: in declension 1, dat. and 
abl. pl. in -2s (not -zzs), 1. 117. 17; 
4. 18. 1; gen. pl. in -zz;s, 12. 29. 6; 
in declension 2, gen. sing. in ~ 
(not 7), 1. 109. 5; dat. and abl. 
pl. in zs (not zz), 1. 117. 17; in 
declension 4, gen. pl. in -z (not 
-uum), 2.5.3; of verb, addixti, ro. 
31.1. See alsoarchaism; Greek; 
here. 

Soro abire, cedere, s. 20. 6. 

Sorsitan, with ind., 8. 32. 7-8; 10. 
104. 7; I2. IB. 1. 

Jortis, of style, 8. 18. 8; of sound, 
‘loud’, 3. 46. 10. 


fortune-hunting : see captatio, cap- . 


tatores. 


* 


GENERAL INDEX 


forum: see Forum Romanum. 

Forum Appi, canal from, ro. 58. 4. 

Forum Augusti, 1. 2. 8; 3. 38. 4. 

Forum Caesaris, 1. 2.8; 3. 38. 4. 

Forum Corneli, 3. 4. 1. 

Forum Nervae, 1. 2. 8; 3. 38. 4. 

Forum Pacis, 1. z. 8. 

Forum Romanum, legal practice, 
etc., in, 1. 76. 12; 5. 20. 6. 

Forum Transitorium, 1.2.8; 3. 38.4. 

forum, triplex, 3. 38. 41 triste, 5. 
20. 6. 

Sovere, 9. 18. 5; 9. 48. 4. 

fracta vitrea, Y. 41. 4—5. 

Sragrare with acc., 5. 37.9; 6. 55.3. 

freedmen : see Zzbertini. 

Srequens, 5.33. 33 5. 37. 13: 9. 22. 
10; 7. 54. 6. 

frigora, ‘cool days’, 4. 57. 10; 
‘cool retreat’, 4. 64. 14. 

fritillus, 4. 14. 8; 13. 1. 7. 

frons, ‘brow’, ‘expression’, 1. 4. 
6; of book, 1. 53. 11; 1. 66. 10; 
4. IO. 1. 

Frontinus, $ 17; 10. 48. 20; 10. 58. 
Introd. 

Fronto, 5. 34. Introd, 1, 7. 

fui, fueram, fuero (= sum, eram, 
ero), as auxiliaries, 3. 50. I. 

fundus, ‘cup’, 8. 6. 9. 

funerals, at night, 8. 43. 2; gifts 
at, IO. 50. 3. 

fungi, 1. 20. 2; suilli, 3. 60. 5. 

Sur, 6. 17. 4. 

Juror, 1. 20. 1; 2. 80. 2. 

fusion of expressions, z. 36. 1; 5. 
20.,1—10; 6. 82. 6. 

future ind., effect of, 1. 13. 4; in 
question, 10. 10. 5; with permis- 
sive force, 5. 42. 1; in prophecy, 
II. 5. 7. 


371 


future inf., omission of subj. and 
esse With, 11. 67. 1. 


gabata, 7. 48. 3. 

Gabba, court fool of Augustus, 1. 
41. 16. 

Gades, songs and dancing-girls of, 
I. 61.9. 

Gaditana (carmina), 1.61.9; 3.63. 5. 

Gaetula mapalia, 10. 13. 7. 

Gaius, 2. 30.6; 10.17. Introd. 

Gaius, trisyllabic, (5.14.5); =‘John 
Doe’, 5. 14. 5; Gaz, voc., dissyl- 
labic, 2. 30. 6; (10. 17. 1). 

Galaesus (river) famed for its 
sheep, z. 43. 3; 5. 37. z- 

Gallia Cisalpina, wool of, 6. 11. 7; 
see Parma ; morals of, 10. 20. 1; 
visited by M., 8 12. 

Gallicus, 8. 76. Introd. 

gallinae: see Rhodiae gallinae. 

Gallio, Iunius, 12. 36. 8. 

Gallus, C. Cornelius, 8. 73. 6. 

gambling, forbidden, 4. 14.7; al 
lowed at Saturnalia, 4. 14. 6, 7; 
13. I. 5-6. See aea; basilicus ; 
Sritillus. 

game-preserves, 4. 30. 3. 

Ganymedes, 2. 43. 13, 14; 9. 11.7; 
9. 22. 12; 10. 20. 9; 10. 66. 8. 

Gargilianus, 8. 13. 2. 

Garricus, 9. 48. 1. 

gaudere, with inf., 1. 70. 8. 

Gauls, capture of Rome by, 11. 5. 7. 

gelasinus, 7. 25. 6. 

gelidus, ‘thin’, ‘threadbare’, 3. 38. 
9: (7. 92. 7) 

Gellia, 5. 29. 1, 4. 

Gellius, 9. 46. Introd. 

gelu, of amber, 4. 59. 4. 

Gemellus, 1. 10. Introd. 


372 


gemere, of doves, 3. 58. 19. 

gemmans, said of wings of Pavo, 
13. 70. I. 

gemmeus, ‘spangled’, said of 2avo, 
3. 58. 13. 

gender, attraction of, 7. 86. 9. 

genitive, forms of: see forms; of 
lineage, 10. 83. 7-8; obj., with 
nuptiae, 1.10.1; 6. 8. 3. 

gentes et populi, 12. 3. 3. See populi 
gentesque. 

Geryones, 5. 49. II. 

gestare, ‘take the air’, 1. 12. 8; 12. 
17. 3- 

gestatio, 1. 12. 5; 5. 20. 8; 9. 22. 
13-14. See porticus. 

gestator, ‘rider’, 4. 64. 19. 

Geticae pruinae, 11. 3. 3. 

Gigantomachia, by Cerialis, 11. 
52. 17. 

gladiatorial fighting, Lib. Spect. 
29. Introd., 5; see udus gladiato- 
vius and names of kinds of glad- 
jators, e.g. zeZarius, Thraex; 
emoluments of gladiators, Lib. 
Spect. 29. 6; gladiators popular 
heroes, Lib. Spect. 29. 3; 5. 24. 
Introd.; 9. 68. 8; training of, 5. 
24. 2; kinds of, 5. 24. 2, 11. 12. 
3. 

gladiators: see gladiatorialfighting. 

gladius = sica, 1. 13. 1. 

glass, broken vessels of, exchanged, 
I. 4I. 4-5. 

Glaucias, 6. 28. Introd. 

&laucina, 9. 26. 2. 

gleba, 5. 13. 7; 9. 22. 3. 

glis, ‘dormouse’, delicacy, 3. 58. 
35-36. 

Gloria, 10. 5o. 4. 

&loria, literary reputation’, 1. 25.8. 


GENERAL INDEX 


gluttony, 7. 59; 10. 31. Introd. 
See gula. 

Glycera, name of meretrix, 14. 187. 
2; Glycerd, 14. 187. z. 

goats, victim offered to Bacchus, 
8. go. 9. See Cinyps; Cilicia. 

gold (Spanish), 7. 88. 7; 12. 18. 9. 
See Astures ; Callatcum aurum ; 
Spain; Tagus. 

gold-bearing rivers, 7. 88. 7. 

Golden Fleece, 8. 5o. 9. 

gracilis libellus, 8. 24. 1; 13. 3. 1. 

gradus, in theater, 5. 8. Introd.; 5. 
14. I. 

grammaticus, 2. 7. 4; 5. 56. 3; 8. 
3. 15; 9. 68. 1. 

grandis, ‘loud’, 1. 3. 7; 6. 48. 1; 
‘well-grown’, 3. 58. 39-40; 8.3.16. 

Gratiana (vasa), 4. 39. 6. 

gravis, in two senses, 5. 34. IO. 

Greek, in M.: see Martialis, M. 
Valerius; forms: gen. sing. of 
decl. 1 in -es, 1. 70. I0; 5. I3. 7; 
5-74-23 7 4743 7.73: 3745 gen. 
sing. of decl 3 in -Zs, 4. 39. 3; 
acc. sing. of decl. 3 in -a, 1.70. 3; 
gen. pl. of decl. 3 in -oz, 1. 1. 3; 
acc. pl. of decl. 3 in -as, 5. 56.3; 
proverb in, 1.27.7; 2. 43: 1. 

Greek forms : see Greek. 

Greek proverbs: see Greek. 

greenhouses: see hot-houses. 

grex, of slaves, 2. 43. 13; 8. 50. 18; 
of clients, 2. 57. 5. 

Gryllus, baths of, 2. 14. 11-12. 

guinea-hens, 3. 58. 15. 

ula, ‘gluttony’, 1. 20. 3; vs. fauces, 
11. 86. 1, 5. 

gulosus, 3. 22. 5; 8. 23. Introd. 

gustus (gustatzo), 1. 43. 3-8; 1. 103. 
7; 10. 48. 7; 1I. 52. 12. 


* 


GENERAL INDEX 


guttatus, 3. 58. 15. 
gymnasium, 3. 58. 25. 
gymnastics at Rome, 4. 8. 5. 


hair, removal of, 2. 29.6; 2. 36. 6; 
3. 63. 6; 10. 65. 8; worn long 
by pages: see capillati; of Ger- 
mans, how dressed, 5. 37. 7-8; 
imported to Rome, s. 37.8; lock 
of, cut by Proserpina, 3. 43. 3; of 
slaves, red, 12. 54. 1. 

haircutting (first), a holiday, 12. 
18. 24. 

hair-dressing, of men, z. 36. 1; 3. 
63. 3; 10. 65. 6; of women, 2. 66. 
1-2, 3. See darba; capillatus. 

Hannibal, accounted by Romans 
dirus, perfidus, 4. 14. 4. 

hare, delicacy, 5.29.1; eating of, con- 
ducive to good looks, 5. 29. Introd. 

harundo = calamus scriptorius, 1. 
3. 10. 

hasta, symbol of ownership, 7. 63. 7. 

hats, not commonly worn by men, 
3. 63. 3; 10. 72. 5. 

health, how drunk, 8. 50. 21-22, 24. 
See propino. 

Hecatostylon, 2. 14. 19. 

Hecuba, 2. 41. 14. 

hedera, sacred to Bacchus, 1. 76. 7. 

helciarius, 4. 64. 22. 

Heliades, 4. 32. Introd. 

Helicon, 1. 76. 3, 9; symbolical of 
poetry, (7. 63. 12); 12. 6. 2. 

Helius, 5. 24. 1, 5. 

Helle, sister of Phrixus, 8. 50. 9. 
hendecasyllabics, $ 49; popularized 
at Rome by Catullus, 1. 61. 1. 
Herculaneumand Hercules, 4. 44.6. 
Hercules, cult of, at Tibur, 1. 12.1; 


4. 57-9. 


373 


Herculeus, stock epithet of Tibur, 
1j 12.0. 

here, post-Augustan for keri, 1. 43. 
2; IO. 3I. 1. 

heres ex asse, ex quadrante, 9. 48. 1. 

Hermeros, 1o. 83. 8. 

Hermes, a gladiator, 5. 24. 

Hesperides, 4. 64. 2; 10. 94. 1. 

Hesperius = Hispanus, 9. 61. 4. 

hexaclinon, 9. 59. 9. 

hexameter, $ 47; ending of, 12. 31. 
3; described as pares modi, 8. 
3. 14. 

Hiberi, 1o. 65. 3-4. 

hic... hiec i... ille, 9. 52. 6. 

highways, beggars on, 10. 5. 3. 

hills, in or near Rome, in demand 
for villa-sites, 1.85. 1; 4.64.3, 11. 

hinc et hinc, 4. 14. 8; 10. 83. 1. 

Hippocrene, 1. 76. 9. 

Hirpinus, race-horse, 3. 63. 12. 

honey: see Corsican honey; Hybla; 
Hymettus. 

hora (haec hora est tua), 10. 20. 19. 

horae, length of, 4. 8. Introd.; cried 
by slaves, ro. 48. I. 

Horatius Flaccus, $ 33; 1. 107. 4; 
8. 18. 5; 12. 3. 1; relation to 
Maecenas, 1. 107. 4; imitated by 
M., 8. 3. 5-6, 15; 8. 73. 2. 

horridus, of weather, esp. winter, 
7. 36. 4; 9. 11. 23 9. I3. I. 

horse-races at Rome, 3. 63. 12. 

horses, Numidian, 9. 22. 13-14. 

horti at Rome, 6. 8o. 3-4; 8. 14. 
Introd. 

hospitals, lacking in Rome, 5. 9. 1. 

Hostia — Cynthia, 8. 73. 5. 

hot-houses, 6. 80. Introd. ; 8. 14. 1, 
3-4 

hours: see orae. 


B 


374 


houses, town, of Romans, 7. 73. 
Introd., 3-4; known by name of 
earlier owner, 12. 57. 19. See 
Martialis, M. Valerius. 

humare = sepelire, 6. 28. 4. 

Hybla, Mt., honey of, 5. 39. 3; 7. 
88. 8; 9. 11. 3i 9. 26. 4; 10. 74. 
9; II. 42. 3. 

Hylas, a debtor, 8. 9. Introd. 

Hymettus, Mt., famous for marble 
and honey, 5. 37. 10; 5. 39. 3; 
7. 88. 8; 11. 42. 3. 


z + imv., scornful, 1. 3. 12; 10. 96. 
13-14; not derisive, 4. 10. 3. See 
Z nunc et. 

lacere, ‘lie dead’, 5. 74. 3. 

zactare, of wild utterance, 7. go. 1. 

lactus damnosus (at dice), 13. 1. 6. 
See canicula. 

zam, ‘at last’, 1. 41. 14. 

iambic dimeter, $ 51; iambic trime- 
ter, $ 5o. 

Ianiculum, 4. 64. 3, 11. 

ianuam. pulsare, 10. 20. 12-13. 

Iason, z. 14. 6. . 

aspis, 9. 59. 20. 

Icarus, 4. 49. 5. 

Ida, in the Troad, ro. 89. 3. 

Jdumaeae palmae, 10. 50. 1. 

ilicetum, 12. 18. 20. 

ille, ‘well-known’, 6. 82. 4; of what 
follows, 5. 22. 9. 

imagines (maiorum), 2. 90. 6; 8.6. 
3-4- 

imbuere, ‘fill for first time’, 8. 50. 
17. 

immo, 1. YO. 3; 1. 85. 4; 8. 10. 4. 

imperare, with inf., 4. 1. 6. 

imperative, with permissive force, 
4. 57. 9. 


GENERAL INDEX 


imperfect subj. 1. 14. 16-17; 10. 
35. 18; in unreal condition, 8. 
22. 3-4. 

impius, 10. 5. 2. 

imponere, ‘impose on’, 4. 79. 2. 

inanis, ‘empty-handed ’, 3. 58. 33. 

Incitatus, 10. 76. 9. 

index, ‘title’ of book, 1. 53. 11; 
3. 2. 1I. 

India, gems of, 1. 109. 4; ivory of, t. 
72.412. 43. 9: 5. 37- 4. See Zndus. 

indicative, in questions after an 
imv. (esp. dic), 6. 8. 6; 6. 88. 3; 
12. 92. 4; in unreal condition, 
5. 34- 5-6; 8. 32. 3-4; with for- 
sitan: see forsitan. 

Indus, 10. 16. 5. 

infinitive, tenses of, with zuo, 5. 
47. 1 ; with verbs of obligation, 
etc., 7. 21. 4 ; pf. for pres., I. 107. 
6; 2. 1. 10; 6. 52. 3-4; pf., with 
malo, 8. go. 10; pf., with volo, 
IO. 23. 6; 10. 48. 22; pf., with 
debuit, 7.21.4; used with verbs 
of emotion, 1. 70. 8; with zero, 
4.1.6; with zzgemo, 9. 59. 10; with 
laboro, 12, 94. 7 ; with mando, 1. 
88. 10; with mereo, 4. 10. 43 5. 
22. 1; With mzror, 4. 59. 3; 8. 35. 
3; with 2720, 1. 109. 13; with 
nego, ‘refuse’, 7. 36. 1; with zosco, 
IO. 2. 12; with permitto, 8. 24. 
3; with 24270, 10. 10. 8; with 
quaero, 1. 2.2; 11.94. I; With rogo, 
I. 109. 13; 12. 18. 24-25; with 
sustineo, 10.66. 3-4; with zempto, 
I. 107. 5; with dimeo, 4. 8. 11; 
with valeo, 4. 64. 21-22; 8. 32.6; 
with vis Z«, 10. 83. 9; with adj., 
5.24. 7; 6. 52. 3-4. 

infittator, 1. 103. 11. 


GENERAL INDEX 


ingemere, With inf., 9. 59. 10. 

ingenuus, ‘genteel’, ‘delicate’, 3. 
46.6; 6.11.6; 10. 47. 6; 12.3.6. 

ingratus, ‘unproductive’, 3. 58. 4. 

in ius iré, I. 103. 11. 

ink, 4. 10. 2. 

inprobus, ‘transcending bounds’, 
I. 53. I0; 8. 24. 2; 10.17.73 11. 
80. 6; 12. 18. 13. 

inputare, ‘charge up to’, 5. 20. 13; 
IO. 30. 26. 

inspicere, 6. 82. 1-2; 9. 59. 3- 

institor, 12. 97. 14. 

insula, *lodging-house', I. 117. 7. 

insurance, fire, unknown, 3. 52. 2. 

inter, postpos., 10. 74. 3. 

i nunc et, with imperative, 1. 42. 6; 
IO. 96. 13-14. 

Io, confounded with Isis, 2. 14. 8. 

ioct, said by M. of his epigrams, 
1. 4. 31 4. 49. 2; 6. 82. 5. 

Iones, molles, Lib. Spect. t. 3. 

ipse, ‘even’, I. I2. II. 

irrigation, 12. 31. 1-2. 

Irus = Arnaeus, 5. 39. 9. 

Isis and Serapis, temple and wor- 
ship of, at Rome, z. 14. 7, 8; 10. 
48. 1. 

Issa, lap-dog, 1. 109. 

Issa = domina, 1. 109. 1. 

Istantius Rufus, 8. 50. Introd., 21— 
22; 8. 73. 

iste, contemptuous, 4. 41. 2; 4. 49- 
10; 10. 66. 7; * what lies before 
you’, 1. 70. 18; 4. 49. I0; 7. 96. 
6; 7. 99. 6; 8. 43. 3; II. 3. 2. 

Italicus: see Silius Italicus. 

Italy, climate of, 4. 18. 1. 

judicium. centumvirale : 
tumviri. 

iugera, 1. 85. 2; 10. 58. 9. 


see Cen- 


375 


Iulianus, 3. 25. 2. 

Iulius Cerialis: see Cerialis. 

Iulius Martialis: see Martialis, 
Iulius. 

Julius (mensis), 10. 62. 7. 

iungere, with dat., 6. 28. 5. 

Iuppiter, temple of, on Capitoline, 
4. 54. 1; 7. 73 4; "madidus, 7. 
36. 1; novus, 7. 73. 4; vetus, 7. 
73. 4; 2 Domitian, 7. 99. 1; 8. 
24; 9. 18.8; PIuvius, 7. 36. 1; 
(9. 18. 8); Zonans, (10. 19. 9); 
IO. 35. 19; =‘(bad) weather’, 
7. 36. 1. See Capitolium Vetus; 
Jupiter. 

iurare, tenses of inf. with, 5. 47. 1. 

fus (zm ius ire), 1. 103. II. 

ius zurandum, 1. 93. 5. 

ius trium liberorum, 9. 97. 5-6; 
possessed by M.: see Martialis, 
M. Valerius. 

iustus, ‘regular’, ‘legal’, 1. 103. 2. 

Iuvatus, 12. 24. 4. 

Tuvenalis, §§18-19; 12.18. Introd.,r. 

iuvenesque senesque, Y. 3. 5. 

ZUVENTS, 3. 43. I. 

ivory, from Africa, 9. 22. 5; from 
India, 5. 37. 5; supports of, for 
tables, 9. 59. 8. See dens; ebur. 

ivy: see hedera. 


jasper, 9. 59. 20. 

Jews, beggars and fortune-tellers, 
12. 57. 15. 

jockeys, popular, 5. 24. Introd. 

jugglers at Rome, r. 41. 7. 

Juno of Polyclitus, 10. 89. 

Jupiter, Domitian as: see Domi- 
tian; statue of, by Phidias, at 
Olympia, Lib. Spect. 1. Introd. 
See Iuppiter. 


376 


Juvenal: see Iuvenalis. 

juxtaposition, 1. 42. 5; 1. 43. 45 I. 
53.158; 3.2. 41 3. 58. 21; 5. 42. 
2; 5.69.4; 6.80.9; 7. 17. 9; 
7.81. 1; 7. 92. 3; 8. 3. 11; 10. 
30. 3; 10. 62. 3; 10. 96. 5; 11. 
84. 35 13. 77- 1; 14. 186. 1. 


Kalendae — mensis, 12. 36. 4. 

kaT ávriópacw name, 7. 83. 1; 8. 
43. 1. 

kisses, throwing of: 
Zactare. 

kissing in Rome, 12. 29. 4. 

kod plrwy, 2. 43. I. 


see basia 


Laberius, D., writer of mimes, 2. 
73 ^ 

Labienus, 5. 49. Introd. 

labor, 8. so. 1 ; 10. 89. I. 

laborare, with inf., 12. 94. 7. 

Labullus, 12. 36. Introd. 

lacerna, 2. 29. 33 2. 43. 7 1 5. 8. 5; 
6. 82. 9; (7. 92. 7); 12. 29. 11; 
12. 36. 2; 13. 87. 1; price of, 8. 
IO. I. 

lacertus, 10. 48. 11; II. 52. 7. 

Lachesis, 1.88.9; 4. 54. 9; 10. 53. 3. 

lactei (vernae), 3. 58. 22. 

lactuca, 10. 48. 95 11. 52. 5. 

lacus, * wine-vat', 4. 44. 2. 

Lacus Avernus, 7. 47. 7. 

Lacus Lucrinus: see Lucrinus Lacus. 

Lacus Orphei, on Esquiline, ro. 
20. 6-7. 

Laecania, 5. 43. t. 

laedere, of satirical writing, 3. 99. 
2; IO. 5. z. 3 

laena, 12. 36. 2. 

Laetinus, 3. 43. 1; 12. 17. I. 

Laetorius, 12. 29. 13. 


GENERAL INDEX 


lagona, 4. 69. 3; 10. 48. 19. 

Lalage, 2. 66.5. 

lamna, 9. 22. 6. 

lances, cost of, 4. 15. 6. 

land confiscated by triumvirs, 8. 
55. 7- 

languidus, applied to water, 8. 50. 
16. 

languor, from disease, 6. 70. 9. 

lanificae puellae = Parcae, 4. 54. s. 

lanista, s. 24. 3; 6. 82. 2. 

Laomedon, 8. 6. s. 

Laomedonteus, adj., position of, 8. 
6. 5. 

lapilli, ‘gems’, 1. 109. 4. 

lapis = miliarium, 1. 12. 43 4. 57. 
41 specularis, 8. 14. 3. 

Lapithae, 8. 6. 7-8. 

lares, Y. 70. 2; 1. 76. 2; 3. 58. 22, 
233 5.42.2 ; 9. 18. 2; 9. Gr. 15; 
IO. 58. 9-10; 10. 61. 5; 12. 57. 2. 

largiri, largitio, of bribery, 12. 6. 9. 

lascivus, ‘playful’, 1. 3. 11; 1. 4.8; 
9. 26. 10. 

Latin literature widely read, r. r. 
2; 5.13.31 7. 88. 1i 11. 3. 3. 

Latinus, mime-player, 1. 4. 5. 

Latius = Romanus, 4. 75. 2. 

Jatus clavus, 10. 5. 1. 

laudatio funebris, s. 20. 6. 

laudiceni ( parasiti), 2. 11. Introd. 

Laurentum, boars from, 9. 48. 5. 

Lausus, 7. 81. Introd.; 7. 88. Introd. 

lautus = dives, rex, etc., 7. 48. 4. 

Lavicana Via, 1. 88. Introd. 

law, practice of, and lawyer’s 
emoluments, 1. 76. Introd., 5, 6; 
1. 98. 2; (2. 30. 5); 3. 38. 5-6; 
8.15.47 

laxus, of wealth, z. 30. 4; 3.22.2; 
of the /o/zs, 12: 82. 5. 


GENERAL INDEX 


lectica, 2. 97. 65 3. 46. 41 9. 22. 9; 
IO. IO. 7-8. 

lecticarit, 9. 22. 9. 

lector, 3. 50. 2. 

lectus, z. 16.1; 4.8.6; genialis, 8. 
43. 2. See torus; sigma; stra- 
gula; stibadium. 

Leda and Jupiter, 1. 55. 8. 

legacy-hunting : see captatio; cap- 
tatores. 

legal profession, rewards of: see 
law. 

Leitus, 5. 8. I2; 5. 14. 3, 11. 

lemma, 11. 42. 2; 13. 5. 7. 

Leo, sign of Zodiac, 4. 57. 5. 

Leonidas of: Tarentum, epigrams 
of, $ 23. 

lepidus, 1. 9. 1. 

lepus, a delicacy, 5. ay. 1; effect 
of eating, 5. 29. Introd. 

Lesbia, Catullus’s, 7. 21. 1-2; 8. 
73. 8. 

Lethaeae undae, 7. 96. 7. 

Lethe, 7. 47. 4; IO. 23. 4. 

Lethes, Greek gen., 7.47.4; 10.2.7. 

letum, 11. 9t. 5. 

lewis, ‘fickle’, 4. 14. 4. 

Jevis (foga), 7. 86. 8. 

lex Julia, about theater, 5. 8. Introd. 

lex Roscia, 5. 8. Introd. 

libelists, numerous, 10. 5. 2. 

libellus, used by M. of his books, 
1.1. 33 T. 2. 15; 1.4.13 21. 3; 
‘pasquinade ’, 3. 99. I. 

libels, denounced, 10. 5; Domi- 
tian’s edict against, IO. 5. 2. 

liberalis, 4. 64. 27; ‘generous’ (of 
wine), 7. 79, z 

Liber Spectaculorum, $ 13. 

libertini, 9. 22.2; 10.27 ; wealth and 
pride of, 2. 29. Introd. ; 5. 13. 6; 


id 


I2. 54. Introd.; change of names 
by, 6. 17. Introd. 

libertinus, as adj., 5. 13. 6. 

Libitina = feretrum or sandapila, 
8. 43. 4. 

librarius, 2. 1. 5. 

library: see 9z0ZotAeca. 

Libyes, Greek gen. sing., 5. 74. z. 

licet (licebit), with verbal force, with 
subjv., 1.70. 17; 1. 117. 8; (5. 26. 
4); as conjunction, with subjv., 
4- 54- 8; 5. 39. 8; 6. 52. 5; IT. 
52. 17; 12. 82. 2, 8; 14. 208. 1; 
with pf. subjv., 5. 39. 8. 

Licinianus, § 17; 1. 61. 11-12. 

Licinius Sura, 7. 47. Introd, 1, z. 

Licinus, a Zibertznus, 8. 3. 6. 

lictores, of consuls, 7. 63. 9. 

ligo — servus, 4. 64. 32; 9. 22. 3. 

Ligurinus, 3. 44. 3; 3. 45. 2; 3 
50. 2, 10. 

ligustra, 9. 26. 3. 

like verses in sequence, Io. 35. 11- 
12; like beginnings and endings: 
see lines. 

“ima, ‘revision’, Io. 2. 3. 

limina terere, 12. 29. 1. 

Jinea, ‘fish-line ’, 3. 58. 27. 

linere = inaurare, 9. 61. 4. 

lines, with like beginnings and 
endings, in sequence, I. 109. 1; 
2. 4I. 3-43 3. 44. 16. 

Lingones, ZLzmgomicus, Y. 53. 4-5. 

lingua utraque = Greek and Latin, 
To. 76. 6. 

lingula, of shoe, 2. 29. 7. 

linteum = mantele, 12. 82. 7. 

Linus, 1. 75. 1; 2. 38. Introd. 

lippus, derisive term, 8. 9. 2; 12. 
57. 14. 

Liris, the river, to. 30. 9. 


378 

fis, ‘lawsuit’, 10. 47. 5; ‘personal 
quarrel’, 3. 46. 9. 

literary bore, 3. 44. Introd. 

literature, as means of support, 
1. 76. Introd., 3; 3. 4. Introd. ; 
5. I3. 1; 6. 8. Introd.; 8. 3; 
8. 55. Introd.; 10. 76, esp. 8; 
1I. 3; national, 8. 55. Introd.; 
patronage of, 1. 76; r. 107. 
Introd.; 8. 55 passim; 11. 3. 9; 
immortality of, ro. 2; property 
in, I. 29. 3-4; works of, how 
referred to, 4. 14. 14; 8. 55. 19; 
in the provinces, 7. 88. 1; 8. 3. 7. 
See Latin literature. 

litotes, 1. 32. 1; (9. 8r. 3). 

litters: see Zectica; sella. 

litura, 1. 3. 9; 4. 10. 7-8. 

Livius, T. 1. 61. 3; 14. rgo. 
Introd., 2. 

locarii, 5. 24. 9. 

loculamentum, for books, 1. 117. 15. 

loculus, 5. 39. 7. 

longe, with sum, 5. 58. 3—4. 

longus = diuturnus, 12. 6. 4; * tedi- 
ous’, 2. 77. 7. 

logui, with acc., ‘speak about’, r. 
61. 8; 7. 63. 8; 8. 55. 21; ro. 
96. 1; 12. 82. 7. 

lotos, fem., 8. 50. 14 (see App); 
Palladia, 8. 50. 14. 

love, the poet's inspiration, 8. 73 
passim. 

Lucanus, M. Annaeus, § 16; t. 61. 
7; 7. 21. Introd., 1-2; 14. 194. 
Introd. 

Lucensis, 1. z. 7. 

lucerna, ‘midnight labor’, 8. 3. 18. 

Lucilius, 12. 94. 7. 

Lucius, ‘Richard Roe’, 5. 14. 5. 

lucri facere, 8. 10. 2. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Lucrinus Lacus, 3. 60. 3; 4. 57. 1; 
IO. 30. 10; ostrea from, 3. 60. 3; 
5. 37-33 6. 11. 5. 

Jucrum, commercial term, 13. 1. 8. 

ludere, of erotic elegy, 12. 94. 8; 
‘write sportively’, 1. 113. 1; 3. 
99. 3; 8. 3. 2; 9. 26. 10; 14. 
187. 1. 

ludia, 5. 24. 10. 

ludus, ‘school’, 9. 68. 

ues, 11. 91. 6. 

Jugere vs. dolere, Y. 33. 4. 

lumen, ‘eye’, 4. 30. 10. 

Luna, eclipse of, 12. 57. 16. 

luna plurima, 8. so. 8. 

Lupercus, 1. 117. 1 ; 6: 51. Introd. ; 
7- 83. 1. 

Lupus, 5. 56. Introd.; 10. 48. 6; 
11. I8; baths of, z. 14. 12. 

lupus, fish, 9. 26. 6; 10. 30. 21. 

luscinia, 1. 93. 9. 

luscus, 8. 9. 2. 

Jusus, 10. 35. 9; of light writing, 
4- 49. 3+ 

lutum, ‘earthenware’, 8. 6. 2. 

lux = dies, 10.23.5; lux mea, 5.29.3. 

Lyaeus (Bacchus), 1. 70. 9; 8. 
50. 12; 9. 61. 15; IO. 20. IQ. 

Lycoris, 1. 72. 6; 1. 102. Introd.; 
mistress of Cornelius Gallus, 
8. 73. 6. 

Iympha, 12. 31. 5. 

lyra, lyric poetry or genius, 12. 
II. 3; “yrae fila =lyrica (car- 
mina), 12. 94. 5. 


macellus = macellum, 10. 96. 9. 
Macer, 8. 5. Introd. , 
Machaon = medicus, 2. 16. 5. 
macte anima, 12. 6. 7. 

madens (tegula), 5. 22. 11. 


GENERAL INDEX 


madidus, stock epithet of Bacchus, 
I. 70. 9; 9. 61. 13; ‘overflowing 
with’, 4. 14. 12; 4. 44. 2; mad? 
dum cicer, 1. 41. 6. 

Maecenas, 8. 55. Introd, 9-10; 
I. 107. 4; Il. 3. 10; gift by, to 
Vergil, 8. 55. 11-12, 13; lineage 
and rank of, 8. 55. 9-10; 12. 3.2; 
Maecenatiani horti, 5. 22. z. 

Maenades, 11. 84. 11. 

Maevius, 1o. 76. 8. 

magister — gubernator, 10. 104. 16; 
magister ludi, (5. 56. 1) ; 8. 3. 15; 
9. 68. 1; 10. 62. 1; 12. 57. 5; 
owner of Gaditanae, 1. 41. 12. 

magistrates as clients, 1o. 10. 12. 

Magna Mater: see Cybele. 

magnanimus, ‘reckless’, 13. 1. 5. 

Maiae Jdus, sacred to Mercury, 
12. 67. 1. 

male = maligne, 7. 96. 4. 

malignus, ‘scanty’, 10. 96. 7. 

mallet... . fuisse, 8. 5o. 10; malo 
«377 I2. 29. 14-15. 

malvae, 10. 48. 7. 

Mamercus, 2. 88. 1. 

mamma = mater, 1. 100. I. 

Mamurra, 9. 59. I. 

Mancinus, I. 43. I. 

mandare, with inf., 1. 88. 10. 

mandra, 5. 22. 7. 

Manes, to. 61. 4. 

Manius, Spaniard, 1o. 13. Introd. 

mannulus (mannus), 12. 24. 8. 

Mantua, 1. 61. 2; 8. 55. 7-8; 8. 
73-9; 14. 195. I. See Vergilius 
Maro, P. 

manumission of slaves, 1. 15. 9-10. 

manus, ‘handiwork’, 4. 39. 3; 10. 
89.2; 12. 54. 1; = opus, 8. 51.2. 

mapalia Gaetula, 10. 13. 7. 


379 


Marcella, $15; 12. 21. Introd.; 
I2. 31. 7. 

Marcellus, theater of, 2. 29. 5. 

Marcia (aqua), 9. 18. 6. 

Marcianus, 6. 70. 1. 

marculus, 12. 57. 6. 

Marcus, 5. 29. 2; 6. 11. z. 

Marianus, 6. 63. Introd. 

Marica, 1o. 30. 9. 

Marinus, 10. 85. Introd., z. 

mariscae, 7. 25. 7 ; 11. 18. 5. 

marmoreus = candidus, 8. 55. 14. 

Maro, 11. 67. 2. See also Ver- 
gilius Maro, P. 

marriage, szze conventione, 4. 75. 3. 

married women and property, 4. 
75. 3- 

Mars — certamen, Lib. Spect. 29. 2. 

Marsus: see Domitius Marsus. 

Marsyas, 1o. 62. 9. 

Martialis, Iulius, 1. 15. Introd.; 
I. I07. 1 ; 4. 64; 5. 20. 15 9. 97. 1; 
7. 17. Introd., 1, 12; 10. 47. 1; 
11. 80. Introd, 5; 12. 34. 2. 

Martialis, M. Valerius, birth of, 
8 3; of humble origin, § 4; name 
of, $5; parents of, $6; see 
Flaccilla; rank of, $8; 5.13. 1-2; 
death of, $ 15; came to Rome, 
$7; lived 34 years in Rome, 
§ 14; 12. 18.7; 12. 34.1; houses 
of, at Rome, $ 11; 1. 117. 6; 
5. 22. 4; 9. 18; 9. 22. 16; 9. 68. 
Introd.; 9. 97. 8; ro. 58. 9-10; 
went to Gallia Cisalpina, § 12; 
3. 4. 15; 3. 38. 10; as captator, 
9. 48. Introd.; 11. 67. Introd.; 
as beggar, $10; 1. 107. Introd.; 
5. 42. Introd.; 6. 82. Introd.; 7. 
16. Introd. ; 7. 36. Introd.; 7. 63. 
Introd.; 9.22.Introd.; poverty of, 


380 


$810; 11; 14; 5.13.13; as client, 
$9; 12. 29. Introd., 4; flatters 
Domitian: see Domitian; flatters 
Nerva, 1. 72. Introd.; see Nerva; 
flatters others, $$8; 36; sends 
poems to Domitian, 8 13; 1. 4; 
to Silius Italicus, 4. 14. Introd. ; 
to Pliny the Younger, ro. 20. In- 
trod.; to Iulius Martialis, 7. 17. 
Introd. ; see Iuvenalis ; Statius ; 
discontented with Rome, ro. 96. 
Introd.; return of, to Spain, 
$814-15; had home in Spain 
from Marcella, 12. 21. 1; 12. 31. 
Introd.; in Spain, $ 15; 12. 18. 
Introd, 10-12; in Spain, longs 
for Rome, 12. 34; 12. 21. 9-16; 
excuses himself for not writing 
epic or tragedy, 8. 3. Introd.; 
as author, $8 9; 10; 13; dates 
of publication of his various 
books, $153; epigrams of, $$ 29- 
34; qualities of, as writer, $ 33; 
realism of, § 33 ; 8. 3. 20; variety 
of, $ 31; models of, $8 33-34; 
grossness of, $8 32; 37; claimed 
to be sincere, $ 38; independence 
of, § 35; use of Greek, § 33; 2. 
43-13 5. 39. 9; good qualities of, 
as man, § 38; metrical matters 
in, §§ 47-54; Mss. of, $$ 42-46; 
orthography of, §§ 55-56; mis- 
statements of, 8. 18. 5; 8. 50.9; 
8. 55. 9-10; fame of, $8 39-40; 
I. I. I-2, 4-5, 6; 9. 97. 2; 12. 
3- 33 12. 94. 10; booksellers of: 
see bibliopolae; illustrated edi- 
tions of, 14. 186. 2; suffered 
from plagiarists: see plagiarism ; 
liked to sleep, 2. 9o. 10; 9. 68. 1; 
IO. 47. I1 ; 12. IS. I5; as lawyer, 


GENERAL INDEX 


$7; 1. 76.12; 8. 17. Introd. See 
Marcella; Nomentanum. 

Martia turba, Y. 3. 4. 

massa, 12. 97. 8. 

Massicus mons, Massicum vinum, 
4. 69. I. 

Massyli, 10. 94. 1-2 ; horses from, 
9. 22. 13-14. 

Massylus serpens, 10. 94. 1. 

matches: see su/phurata. 

materia, constructions with, 1. 4. 4. 

Maternus, § 17. 

Matho, 4. 79. 1; 7. 90. 1. 

mausolea: see tombs. 

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Lib. 
Spect. 1. Introd., 5-6. 

Mausoleum Augusti, 5. 64. 5; 11. ° 
13. I. 

Maximina, 2. 41. Introd., 6. 

Maximus, 2. 18; 7. 73. 5. 

May, Ides of, festival of Mercury 
on, 12. 67. 1. 

Medea, of Ovid, 8. 18. 7. See also 
Colchis. 

medical practice at Rome, 5.8. 1-2; 
6. 70. 6; frauds, 1. 47. Introd. 

medius sol, 3. 44. 7. 

mel, as medicine, r1. 86. 3; in fig. 
sense, 7. 25. 3. 

Mela, Annaeus (Seneca), 1. 61. 7; 
12. 36. 8. 

Meleager of Gadara, epigrams of, 
§ 24. 

melimela, y. 43. 4; 7. 25. 7. 

Melior, Atedius, $ 20; 2. 69. 7; 4. 
54. 8; 6. 28. Introd. 

membrana, 1. z. Introd.; 14. 186. 1; 
‘cover’ of book, 1. 66. 11. 

Memmius: see Regulus,C.Memmius. 

Memphis = Aegyptus, 6. 80. 3; 7. 
99. 2. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Memphiticus = Aegyptius, 6. 80. 3; 
Memphitica tempia in Campus 
Martius, 2. 14. 6. 

Menander, 14. 187. Introd., 2. 

Menogenes, 12. 82. Introd. 

mensa, ‘service’, ‘serving’, 1. 103.8; 
= ferculum, 10. 48. 13. 

mensae, citreae, acernae, 2. 43. 9; 
7. 48. 1; 9. 22. 5; 9. 59. 10: see 
orbes; supports of, 2. 43. 9; re- 
movedat meals, 7. 48. 1; secundae, 
I. 43. 3-853. 50. 5, 6; 10. 48. 18. 

mensarit, 12.57. 7, 8. 

mentha, 10. 48. 10. 

mentiri, with acc. = callide simu- 
lare, 3. 43. 1; 6. 57. 1; ‘lyingly 
promise’, 5. 39. 6. 

Mentor, a cae/ater, 4. 39. 5; 8. 50. 2; 
9. 59. 16. 

Mercurius, temple of, at Rome, 12. 
67. 1. 

merenda, 4. 8. 4. 

merere, with inf., 4. 10. 4; 5.22. I. 

Messala (M. Valerius Messala Cor- 
vinus), 8. 3. 5; 10. 2. 9. 

messis = annus, 6. 28. 8; 6. 70. 1; 
= frumentum, 6. 8o. 10. 

metae, of cheeses, 1.43. 7; 3. 58. 35; 
in circus, Io. 50. 7. à 

metaphor, not simile, 9.88.4; 10. 5.3. 

meter, metrical matters, $8 47-54. 
See a; apheresis; czsura ; cho- 
liambus; dizresis; Zzarinos; 
elision; hendecasyllabics; hex- 
ameter; 0; Palatium; pentame- 
ter. See also 1. 53. 12; 1. 61. 8; 
I. 107. 6; z. 36. 2; 3. 58. 3, 29; 
4. 30-53 5. 37- 5 

metonymy, of proper name, Lib. 
Spect. 29. 2; in common nouns, 
4- 39. 2 (artes); 4. 39. 5 (abores); 


381 


5. 37. 9 (ore); 10. 48. 4. See 
transferred epithet. 

metus, in pl., 12. 6. 4. 

middle voice, 3. 25. 3; 8. 50. 12, 24. 

milestones on roads, 1. 12.4; 4. 57.4- 

mimus, form of drama, 2. 7. 3; of 
Philistion, 2. 41. 15. See Labe- 
rius; Syrus. 

Minerva, patron of law, 1. 76. 5; 
10. 20.14; patron of remunera- 
tive arts, 1. 76. 5; 8. 50. 14. See 
lotos. 

mirari = admirari, 8.6.15; 8.69.1; 
13.70. 1; with inf., 4. 59. 3; 8. 35. 3. 

mirmillones, 9. 68. 8. 

mirror, of metal, 2. 41. 8; 2. 66. 5. 

missio, gladiatorial, Lib. Spect. 29. 
Introd., 3, 9. 

Mithridates, the Great, 5. 76.Introd. 

mitis, said of Nerva, 12. 6. 1. 

mitra, 2. 36. 3. 

mitulus, 3. 60. 4. 

Modestus, Iulius, 1o. 21. 1-2. 

modo... nunc, 9. 46. 1-2; modo 

.. mune... HUC, 10. 5. 14-16. 

mola salsa, 7. 54. 5. 

moles, of massive constructions, I. 
12. 7; I. 70. 8. 

mollis, ‘luxurious’, Lib. Spect. 1. 3; 
9. 59. 3: 

Molorchus, 4. 64. 30. 

70560, with inf, 1. 109. 13; with 
paratactic imv., 4. 30. 1-2. 

money, large sums of, how reck- 
oned, r. 103. I. 

Monobiblos of Propertius, 14. 189. 
Introd. 

monopodium, 2. 43. 9, 10. 

monumentum, 1. 88. 

moon: see Luna. " 

morbus = culpa, vitium, 1. 89. 5. 


382 


mordere, of cold, 8. 14. 2. 

morio, at dinner, 8. 13. Introd. 

morsus, ‘pungency’, 7. 25. 5. 

morsus animi, 12. 34. 9. 

morus, 1. 72. 5. 

Mucius, story of, enacted by ‘male- 
factor, 10. 25. Introd. See also 
Scaevola. 

mucro, 4. 18. 6. 

mule, as roadster, 9. 22. 13-14. 

mulio, 10. 76. 9. à 

mullus, 2. 43. 31; 3. 45. 5; 10. 30. 24; 
IO. 31. 3. 

multa, ‘many a’, 3. 58. 7. 

Mulvius Pons, 3. 14. 4; 4: 64. 23. 

municeps, 10. 65. I. 

murena, Yo. 30. 22. 

murex, z. 16. 3; 13. 87. 

murrina, 9. 59. 14. 

Musae severiores, 9. 11. 17. 

Muses, associated with Apollo, i. 
70. 15; 7. 63. 11. See Camenae; 
Helicon; Pierides; Pezzzs; Casta- 
lides sorores. 

music, Oriental, discordant, r1. 84. 
3-4- 

mustum, 11. 18. 24. 

mutuus, 2. 30. 1. 

Myron, 8. 50. 1; 4. 39. 2. 

myrtela, 3. 58. 2. 

Mys, a caelator, 8. 50. 1. 


names, kar' ávríópacw, 10. 76. 9; 
freely treated in meter, 9. 11. 15. 
Seefancy names; fictitious names; 
freedmen. 

nanus, 8. 13. Introd. 

nardinum, 11. 18. 9. 

narrare, ‘chatter’, ‘babble’, 3. 46. 
7, 8; 3. 63. 13; as term of rhet- 
oric, 8. 17. 3. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Nasidianus, 7. 54. Introd. 

Naso: see Ovid. 

nasus rhinocerotis, 1. 3. 6. 

natalis dies: see dies natalis; birth- 
day. 

natare, trans., 4. 30. 3. 

natus (nemo natum te putat), 1o. 
2754; 

Nausicaa, 12. 31. 9; Vausicad, ibid. 

navita — nauta, 6. 8o. 3. 

nec = NE... quidem, 1. 109. 20; I. 
II3. 2; 3. 2. I2; 4. 44. 8; 5. 69. 4; 
8. 14. 6; 9. 22. 12; 9. 48. 9-10; 
IO. 2. I1; IO. IO. 7; I I. 52. 15; 12. 
18. 4; 12. 31. 3; = neve, neu, Lib. 
Spect. 1. 2; 1. 70. 6; 2. 36. 3; 5. 
34. 9; Critical Appendix on 7. 
9I. I0; — e famen non, 4. 69. 4; 
IO. 29. 16; IO. 30. 12; IO. 31. 2; 
nec... €f, IO. 2. I1 ; IO. IO. 7-8; 
nec... -gue, 8. 50. 11. 

nectar, 4. 32. 2; = vinum, 8. 50.17; 
9. II. 5; zectare dulcius, pro- 
verbial, 9. 11. 5. 

necuter = neuter or ne alteruter 
quidem, 5. 20. 11. 

negare, with inf., 7. 36. 1. 

negative, double, 12. 51. 5-6; nega- 
tive sentences, condensation in,» 
8. 50. 3-4. 

Nemean lion, 4. 57. 5. 

Nemesis, Tibullus's, 8. 73. 7. 

nemus, 12. 31. 1-2; 8. I4. 1-2; 9. 
61. 9. 

Nepos, friend of M., ro. 48. 5. 

Neptune builds walls of Troy, 8. 
6. 6. 

nequam, ‘roguish’, 1. 109. 1; IO. 
35. II. 

nequitiae, used of epigrams, 6. 82. 5. 

Nereus, 10. 30. I9. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Nero, colossus of, 1. 70. 8; 2.77.3; 
debased coinage of, 12. 57. 8; as 
poet, 9. 26. 9; thermae of, 2. 14. 
1I—I2; 3. 25. 4; 10. 48. 4; witti- 
cism of, 7. 21. 4. 

Nerva, § 20; 11. 3. 9; 11. 5; 9. 26. 
Introd.; 12. 6; uprightness of, 
II. 5; praise of, ro. 72. Introd.; 
12. 6. Introd., 1, 2, 3; as poet, 9. 
26. 1. 

Nervae Forum, i. z. 8. 

Nestor, 5. 58. 5; 6. 70. 12; 7. 96. 7; 
8. 6. 9. 

ne valeam si-— moriar nisi, dis- 
peream si non, 2. S. 1. 

Niceros, perfumer, 6. 55. 3. 

Nicerotiana (vasa), 6. 55. 3. 

nidus, for books, 1. 117. 15; 7. 17. 5. 

niger, ‘spiteful’, 2. 71.1. 

night, amphitheatrical games by, 
5. 49. 8. : 

Nigrina, 4. 75. Introd.; 9. 30. 3. 

nil NS. nemo, 1. 10. 3; 4. 86. 4. 

Nile: see Nilus; Jus. 

Miliaca papyrus, 13. 1. 3. 

Nili cantica, 3. 63. S. 

Nilotica tellus = Aegyptus, 6. 80. 1. 

Nilus; 7. 88. 6; 10. 74. 9. 

Nilus, imbrifer = Aegyptus, 1. 61. 5. 

nimium — multo, 7. 99. 7. 

Niobe, 5. 53. 2. 

nitidus, 3. 58. 25; 4. 1. 5; 4. 54. 8; 
IO. 65. 6; 10. 83. 2. 

niveus = candidus, 8. 73. 2. 

nix, used to cool wine, z. 1. 9-10; 
5. 64. 1-2; nives non (actae, 2. 
29. 4; nive candidior, 12. 82. 71 
nives primae, 5. 37. Ó. 

nobilis, ‘choice’, * fine ’, 4. 44. 2. 

nocens — impius, sacrilegus, 4. 30. 2. 

nocte dieque, 10. 58. 11-12. 


383 


nolo with subjv., 3. 45. 5. See vis, 
volo. 

nomenculator, 10. 30. 23. 

Nomentanum (rzs), § 10; 2. 38; 2. 
90.8; 4.79.1; 9. 18. 2, 3; 9. 22. 
16; 9. 60. 6; 9. 97. 7 ; 10. 48. 19; 
IO. 58. 9-10; Io. 61. Introd. ; 10. 
94. 3-4; 1I. 18. I; 12. 57. 1; vz- 
num, 10. 48. 19. 

zon, in final clause, 2. 5. 8; with 
subjv. in prohibitions, z. 18. 8; 
with subjv. of wish, 5. 34. 9; 
7. 96. 7. 

non totus, 8. 14. 5; 9. 68. 9. 

noonday rest, 4. 1. 4. 

noscere, with inf., 3. 58. 43-44; (8. 
18. 6); 10. 2. 12. 

notae Tironianae, 10. 62. 4. 

notare, ‘brand’, ‘disgrace’, r. 
3. 10; 2. 66. 7 ; = animadver- 
fere, z. 7Y. 1. 

notarius, 10. 62. 4; 14. 208. Introd. 

noun = adj, 1. 66. 7 (virgo); 8. 
50. 4 (explorator); 10. 30. 21 
(verna); 12. 3. 4 (anus). 

nubere, 8. 12. 23 9. 10. I. 

nuces, used by children and in 
gambling, 13. 1. 7. 

nudus, ‘mere’, ‘only’, I. 43. 9; 
1. 76. 10. 

nugae, of epigrams, I. 113. 6; z. 
1.6; 4. 10. 4; (8. 3. 11). 

nulla guella,at beginning of second 
half of pentameter, 1. 76. 4. 

Numa, type of morality, 10. I0. 4; 
II. 5. 2; 12.6.8; 10. 35. 13; 10. 
76. 4; type of antiquity, 10. 39. 2. 

numbers, indefinite: see ¢recentz, 
tricent. 

Numidae, 12. 29. 6. 

Numidia, government of, 12. 29. 6. 


384 


Numidians, as horsemen, outriders, 
etc., 9. 22. 13-14. 

Numidicae aves, ‘guinea-fowl’, 3. 
58. 15. 

nummularius, 12. 57. 7. 

nummus, 1. 66. 4; 4. 15. 15; 8. 
13. 24 8) 175, 25 (Io 35. 1); 


nummi = aes, pecunia, 1. 76. 537 


5. 42. I. 

nuptiae, with obj. gen., I. 10. 1; 
6. 8. 3. 

nurus, ‘young married woman’, 
4. 75. 2. 

Nysa, 4. 44. 3. 


-0, -onis, nouns in, belong to sermo 
plebeius, r. 47. 1-2; short final 
2,854, €; r. 27. 2 (puto); 5 
20. 8 ( gestatio) ; 3. 44. 13 (feto) ; 
3: 44. 16 (dormio) ; 2. 18. 5 (ante- 
ambulo); 7. 9o. 1 (Matho). 

observare, ‘pay court to’, 9g. 100. 2. 

occupare, ‘get the start of’, s. 
I4. 1. 

October, Ides of, birthday of Vergil, 
12. 67. 3. 

odtosus, 8. 6. 1. 

ofella, o. 48. 15. 

officiosus, 10. 58. 14. See dici. 

officium, of clients, 1. 70; 3. 46. 
Introd.; 4. 26. 1; unprofitable, 
5. 22. II. 

ointments, at comzssatio, 10. 20. 20. 

oleum perdere, 3. 58. 25; 13. 1. 3. 

olim, of the future, 7. 89. 3. 

oliza, the tree, 1. 76. 7 ; the fruit, 
served at promulsis, 1. 103. 7; 
I. 43. (3), 8; (11. 52. 11, 12); 
shipped in cadz, etc., 1. 43. 8; 
from Picenum, i. 43. 8; ir. 
52. II. 


GENERAL INDEX 


olor — cycnus, 1. 53. 8. 

Olympias — lustrum, 10. 23. 2. 

omission of subj. and esse with 
fut. inf., 11. 67. 1. 

onomatopoeia, I. 3. 5; 3. 63. 5. 

Opimianum (vinum), 7. 79. 1. 

Opimius, L., 7. 79. 3. 

Oporinos, 9. 12. 1. 

oppidum, said of Rome, ro. 30. 2. 

opus, of literary work, 2. 77. 5; 
‘creation’, 8. 6. 8; of silverware, 
3. 35. 1; ‘workmanship ’, 8. 50. 7. 

oral teaching in Roman schools, 
8. 3. 15. 

orbes, 9. 22.5; 9. 59. 7; Libydi ... 
orbes, 2. 43. 9; covered, 9. 59. 7; 
IO. 54. 1; couch with, 9. 59. 9. 
See mensae. 

orbi, attention to, by captatores, 
II. 44. I. 

Orciniana (sponda), 10. 5. 9. 

Orestes, 6. IT. 1. 

Orientals, despised by Romans, 
Lib. Spect. 1. 1; their music, 
discordant, 11. 84. 3-4. 

Orphei Lacus, to. 20. 6. 

Orpheus, 11. 84. 11. 

osculum = suavium, 1. 
34. 2; II. 9I. 7. 

Osiris, 2. 14. 8. 

ossa legere, 8. 97. S. 

ostrea, * oysters ’, 3. 45. 6; 3. 60. 3; 
5. 37-33 12. 17. 4. 

Otho, L. Roscius, 5. 8. Introd. 

otium, 1. 107. 3; TI. 3. I. 

otiosus, ‘unprofitable’, 3. 58. 2. 

outriders, Numidian, 9. 22. 13-14. 

Ovid (P. Ovidius Naso), 3. 38. 7-8, 
(10); birthplace of, 1. 61. 6; 2. 
41. 2;8. 73. 9; Medea of, 8. 18. 7; 
directly quoted, 2. 41. 1-2; M.’s 


109. 2; 5. 
a 


GENERAL INDEX 


relation to, § 33; 1. 4. 8 (end); 
I. 70. 12; 4. 54. 53 5. 42. 6; 10. 
20. 18. 

Ovidius, Q., friend of M., $20; 
9. 52. Introd. 

oxygarum, 3. 50. 4. 

oxymoron, 4. I8. 6; 8. 14. 5; 12. 
39: 4- 

oysters, 
Lacus. 


Lucrine: see Lucrinus 


Pactolus, 7. 88. 7. 
paedagogium for slaves, paedago- 


gus, 3. 58. 30. 


Paeligni, (1. 61. 6); 8. 73. 9; Paelz- 


gnus poeta, = Ovid, 2. 41. 2. 

paenula, 1.103. 5; 2. 57.41 9. 22.9; 
wrapper for olives, 13. 1. I. 

paenulatus, z. 97. 43 5. 26. 2. 

Paestum and its roses, 5. 37. Introd., 
9, 18; 6.80. 6; 9. 26. 3; 9. 60. 1; 
12. 31. 3. 

Paetus, 5. 57. Introd., 18, 23. See 
also Caecina Paetus; Thrasea 
Paetus. 

pages, long-haired, 2. 57. 5. 

painting, 1. 109. Introd.; 10. 32. 
Introd, 1, 4. See encaustic 
painting ; Zicta tabella; portraits. 

palaestra, 3. 58. 25; 4. 8. 5. 

palaestrita, 3. 58. 25. 

Palatine Library, busts, etc., of 
poets in, 1. 76. 7. 

Palatium, 1. 70. 5; Pa/atza, ‘élite 
of Rome’, 12. 21. 3; first @ in, 
long in M., 1. 70. 5. 

Palladis arbor, 1. 76. 7. 

Palladium Forum, r. 2. 8. 

pallens, 1. 41. 4. 

pallere, 9. 61. 3. 

pallidus, 1. 41. 45 9. 26. 2; 8. 14. 1. 


385 


pallium = stragula of torus, 1. 109. 
11; foreign type of dress, 3. 63. 
10. 

palma, given to victorious gladi- 
ator or auriga, Lib. Spect. 29. 
9; IO. 50.1; 10. 53.4; = ‘fame’, 
I2. 94. IO. 

palmae Idumaeae, Yo. so. 1. 

palmes, 12. 31. 1. 

palumbus vs. turtur and columéa, 
3. 58. 18. 

palux, Hispana, 12. 57. 9. 

Pan, 9. 61. 11-12, 14. 

panariolum, at theater = sportella, 
5. 49. 10. 

Pandion, king of Athens, 1. 25. 3. 

Pandora, 10. 39. 4. 

pangere = componere (writings), 3. 
38. 7. 

panis, canina, YO. 5. 4. 

Pannychus, 2. 36. 4, 6. 

Pantagathus, 6. 52. 2. 

Papylus, 4. 69. Introd. 

papyrus, reverse side of, used as 
scrap-paper, 4. 86. r1; in books, 
1. 2. Introd.; 1.3.9; 3. 4 4, 7- 
II; I3. I. 3; roll of, protected 
by oil of cedar, 3. 2. 7. 

mapa poo doxiav joke, I. 10. 4. 

parasiti = laudiceni, 2. 11. Introd. 

parataxis, I. 109. 14-15; I. 117. 2; 
4. 64. 26-28; 5. 49. 123 5. 53. 
4-5; 6.8.6; 6. 35. 5-6; 8. 3. 12; 
8. 69. 3; 10. 104. 12, 19. See fa- 
deor ; moneo; rogo; subjunctive. 

Parcae, 4. 54. 5; 7. 47-8; 7.96. 4; 
IO. 5. 10. See fata; Lachesis. 

parchment for books, 1. z. Introd., 
3; 13.1. 3-. See membrana. 

pares, 8. 35. 1. 

pares modi = hexameters, 8. 3. 14. 


386 


Paris, judgment of, ro. 89. 3. 

Paris, a mimus, 11. 13. Introd., 3. 

Parma, wool of, 2. 43. 4; 5. 13. 8. 

parma, used by Thraex, Lib. Spect. 
29. 5; = Thraex, 9. 68. 8. 

garmulariz, 9. 68. 8. 

Paros, marble of, 1. 88. 3. 

Parrhasius = Palatinus,'imperial', 
7- 99. 3; 9. 11. 8. 

Parthenius, 12. 11. Introd., 5, 6. 

Parthenopaeus, freedman, 11. 86. 
Introd., 2. 

Parthia, 10. 76. 2. 

participle carries main idea, 1. 27. 
2; 1O. 2. 

pasci, as middle voice, 8. 50. 12. 

Passer (= Catullus 2; 3), 4. 14. 14. 

passer, of Catullus, 1. 109. 1. 

Passerinus, 12. 36. 12. 

Passienus: see Crispus. 

assum = passuum, 2. 5. 3. 

Patavium, 1. 61. 3; 1. 76. z. 

patera, 8. 6. 14. 

Patricius Vicus, 7. 73. 2. 

patronage: see literature. 

patronus, ‘lawyer’, 1. 98. 2; *pa- 
tron’, 1. 20; 3. 7; 4. 26. Introd.; 
5. 34. 7; gave legal advice to 
clientes, 2. 5.6; himself cZezs to 
others, 2. 18. Introd., 2; called 
dominus and vex: see dominus ; 


1E. 


Tex. 

Paula, 9. 10. Introd. 

Paulinus, 2. 14. 3. 

Paulus, 2. 20. Introd.; 5. 22. Introd. ; 
IO. IO. 3. 

avo, 3. 58. 13; 5. 37. 12; 13. 70. 
Introd., z. 

Pax, forum and temple of, 1. 2. 8. 

pearl, from East, 5. 37. 14; 10. 17. 
5. See concha ; lapilli. 


GENERAL INDEX 


pectus doctum, 1. 25. 2 pectus pul- 
sare, sign of grief, 2. 11. 5; 5. 
37. 19; So Pectus plangere, Yo. 
50. z. 

Pedo Albinovanus, 2. 77. 5; ro. 
20. IO. 

pellis, 14. 194. I. 

peloris (aguosa), 6. 11. 5. 

Penates — domus, 4. 64. 29; 9. 18. 
7; 9. 61. 5. 

pendens, of bridges, roofs, etc., 

' Lib. Spect. 1. 5; 2. 14. 9. 

pendulus, of a town, 4. 64. 34 ; 10. 
13. 2. . 

pensio, ‘rent’, 3. 38. 6; 7. 92. 5. 

pensum, 4. 54. 9; 7. 96. 4. 

pentameter, § 48, a, b; ending of, 
I. 29. 3-4; 2. 58. 2; 3. 63. 10; 
5. 9. 4; favorite uses in second 
half of: of participial com- 
pounds of zve, 1. 70. 12; of 
nulla puella, 1. 76. 4; of proper 
name, 1. 16. 2; 4. 26. 2. 

Pentheus, 11. 84. 11. 

per, adjectives compounded with, 
I. 76. 10; 3. 63. 14; verbs com- 
pounded with, 1. 88. 9. 

perdere oleum: see oleum perdere. 

perdix, 3. 58. 15. " 

perfect, gnomic, I. 109. II. 

perfect inf.: see infinitive. 

perfect pass. ptc. with acc., 6. 41. I. 

perfect subjv., in prohibitions, 5. 
34. 9-10; in commands, 7. 47. 12. 

perfumes, used by dandies, 2. 29. 
53 3. 63. 4; 6. 55. Introd., 5; 10. 
72.11; at comissatio, 3.12.1; at 
funerals, 3. 12. s. See amomum; 
casia; cinnamum ; Cosmus; A- 
cerotiana ; phoenix. 

perinanis, 1. 76. 10. 


GENERAL INDEX 


pertre, pass. of perdere, 13. 1. 3; 
peristi, 5. 49. 13. 

peristylium, 5. 13. 5; tree in, 9. 6r. 
5, IO. 

Permessis, 1. 76. 11. 

permissive imv., 4. 57. 9; permis- 
sive fut. ind., 4. 57. 9. 

permittere, with inf., 8. 24. 3. 

persona, 3. 43. 4. 

pertricosus, 3. 63. 14. 

pes, 12. 54. 1. 

Petilius Cerialis, 12. 57. 19. 

pets among the Romans, 1. 109. 5. 

pexatus ( pexata toga), 2. 38. 1. See 
sermo plebeius. ‘ 

Phaéthon, 4. 32. Introd.; 4. 47. 
Introd.; 5. 53. 4. 

Phaethontides, 4. 32. Introd. 

Phalaecian verse, $ 49. 

Phalanthus, 2. 43. 3; 5. 37. 2- 

Pharius = Aegyptius, 5. 69.1; 6. 
80. 3; Pharia iuvenca = Isis, 
10. 48. 1. 

phaselos, 10. 30. 13. 

phasiana (avis), 3. 58. 16. 

Phasis, 5. 8. Introd., 4. 

pheasant, 3. 58. 16. 

phiala, 8. so. 1. 

Phidiaca ars: see Phidias. 

Phidias, Lib. Spect. 1. Introd.; 3. 
35. 1; 4- 39. 4; 10. 89. 2. 

Phileros, 10. 43. Introd. 

Philippi Porticus, 5. 49. 12. 

Philistion, writer of zzz, 2. 41. 15. 

Phillyrides = Chiron, z. 14. 6. 

Philo, 5. 47. 1. 

Philomela, 1. 53. 9. 

philosophers, bearded, 11. 84. 7. 

philyra, for chaplets, 5. 64. 4. 

Phoebus, a calvus homo, 6. 57. 
Introd. See Apollo. 


387 


Phoenicopterus, ‘flamingo’, 3. 58. 
14. 

phoenix, ointment from nest of, 5. 
37- 13; 6. 55. 2; 9. 11. 5; 10. 
17. 6. 

Phrixus, 8. 5o. 9. 

Phrygii modi, 11. 84. 4. 

Phrygius vir — Aeneas, 8. 6. 14. 

physical exercises at Rome, 4. 8. 
5. See ball; Campus Martius; 
gymnasium; gymnastics ; 2a/ae- 
stra; palaestrita; pilae. 

pica, 3. 60. 8. 

picatae amphorae, 11. 18. 24. 

Picens, 8. 57. 

Picenum, famous for olives, 1. 43. 
8; 11. 52. 11. 

picta tabella, * picture’, 1. 109. 18. 

Pierides, 1o. 58. 6. 

Pierius, grex, 12. 11. 4; cantusque 
chorique, 1. 76. 3; recessus, 7. 
63. 3; tuba, 11. 3. 8. 

piger, 2. 11. 3; sommus, 12. 57. 15. 

ila, ‘ball’, 2. 7. 6; ‘dummy ’, 2. 
I4. 18; 2.43. 5-6; pila trigonalis, 
12. 82. 3-4. 

pilata cohors, 10. 48. 2. 

pila Tiburtina, 5. 22. 3. 

pilleatus, 10. 72. 5. 

pilleus, 4. 14. 6. 

Pimpleis, 11. 3. 1. 

Pimpleum antrum, 12. 11. 3. 

Pindar, 8. 18. 6. 

pingue solum, 1. 107. 8. 

piscina = baptisterium, in thermae, 
3. 44. 13; ‘fish-pond’, 4. 3o. 
Introd. ; 10. 30. 21. 

Piso, C. Calpurnius, 12. 36. 8. 

Pisones, 12. 36. 8. 

pistor, 12. 57. 5. 

placenta, 5. 39. 3 ; 11. 86. 5. 


388 


placere sibi, 4. 59. S. 

plagiarism, 1. 29. Introd, 3-4; 1. 
38; 1. 53; 1. 66. Introd.; 1. 72. 

plana (domus), 12. 57. 20. 

plangere fectus, sign of grief, 1o. 
5o. 2. 

planta, 2. 29. 7. 

platanus, 9. 61. Introd., 6; vines 
trained on, 3. 58. 3; liked wine, 
9. 6r. 16. 

plate, passion for, 4. 39. 2-5; 8. 
6 passim; value of, determined 
by weight, 12. 36. 1 ; as gift, 12. 
36. 1. 

Platea, 12. 18. 11., 

play on words, 1. 13. 4; 1. 4I. 20; 
I. 43. I2, I4 ; 1. 66. 8; 1. 70. 8; 
1. 76. 14; 1. 79. Introd.; 1. 107. 
6; 1. 117. 18; 2. 16. 6; 2. 69. 65 
Za tgs Th 3.18.21 3:22; 433. 
46. 6; 3. 97. 3; 4. 69. 2; 4. 75. 
53 5. I3. 25 5. 37. 21, 24; 6. 17. 
4; 6.82.10; 8. 12.2; 9.6.4; 
9. 11. Introd. ; 9. 15. 2; ro. 16. 
23 II. 35. 4. 

plectrum, 12. 94. 6. 

Plecusa, 2. 66. 4. 

Plinius Minor, 1o. 20. Introd., 2; 
house of, on Esquiline, 10. 20. 
4-5. 

pluma, ‘down pillow’, 12. 17. 8. 

plumbeus, ‘vile’, ‘worthless’, ‘adul- 
terated’, 6. 55. 3; 10. 74. 4 ; 10. 
94. 4. 

pluperfect, force of, 1. 27. 1; 1. 
107.3; 2. 41. 2; 3. 52. 1 ; 5. 39. 8. 

plural, of abstract nouns, I. 15. 7 ; 
pluralis maiestatis, 1. 70. 5; 2. 
29. 3i 4- 39. 5; 5. 64. 5; 8. Io. 
1; IO. 2. 7 ; of fastidium, 1. 3.3; 
of vinum, 4. 69. 1; of electrum, 


GENERAL INDEX 


8. 50. 5; of Amor, Venus, and 
Cupido, 9. 11. 9; 11. 13. 6; of 
Palatium, 12. 21. 3. See also 9. 
52. 5. 

plurimus, ‘many a’, t. 70. 6; of 

~ sun and moon, 8. 50. 8. 

Pluto, igri equi of, to. 50. 6. 


_ pocket editions, r4. 186. Introd. ; 


14. 188. Introd.; 14. 190. In- 
trod., z. 

Poeni, 10. 13. 7 ; Zeves, 4. 14. 3-4. 

poetry, as means of livelihood, r. 
76. 5, 9; 10. 76. See literature; 
royalty. 

poets, use of, in Roman schools, 
8. 3. 15; poverty of, 1. 76. 9. 
See literature. 
‘point ’, of epigram, $8 27; 29. 
poisoning, 4. 69. 2; 8. 43. Introd.; 
9. 15. Introd. ; ro. 43. Introd. 
Polla Argentaria, widow of Lucan, 
7. 21. Introd. 2. 

Pollio, Asinius, 1. 3. 5; 8. 55. 9-10. 

Pollius, Valerianus, bookseller, 1. 
II3.93 22. Fe 

Polyclitus, 8. 50. 2 ; 9. 59. 12; 10.89. 

Polyphemus, 4. 49. 6. 

pomaria, 8. 14. 1. 

pompa, chief dish at ceza, 10. 31. 4.* 

Pompei, Porticus, 2. 14. 9, 10; Thea- 
trum, z. 14. 9. 

Pompeia Umbra, 2. 14. 10. 

Pompeii, father and sons, fate of, 
5. 74. Introd.; 9. 61. 22. 

Pompeius Magnus, burial of, 5. 69. 
2; death of, 5. 69. 1; 11. 5. 11. 

Pomponius, 6. 48. 1, 2. 

ponere = deponere, 11. $. 10; 12. 
18. 24; ‘serve up at table’, 1. 43. 
2; 2. I. 10; 3. 45. 53 4. 69. 1; 
9. 26. 6; IO. 54. I. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Ponticus, 3. 60. 9; (9. 19. 2). 

Pontilianus, 5. 66. Introd.; 7. 3. 

Popilius Laenas, C., 5. 69. 5, 6, 7. 

popinae, 1. 41. 10. 

populi gentesque, 12.6.5. See gen- 
tes et popull. 

populus = vulgus, 9. 22. 2; 9. 59.6. 

Porcia, wife of Iunius Brutus, sui- 
cide of, 1. 42. Introd. 

porrum, 10. 48. 9; 11. 52. 6. 

Porticoes, in Rome: Porticus Eu- 
ropae, 2. 14. 3-4; Argonautarum, 
2.14.6; Octaviae, 5.49. 12; Pom- 
pei 2. 14. 9, 10; Vipsania, 4. 18. 
1; Philippi, 5. 49. 12. 

porticus, in Rome, 2. I1. 2; 5.20.9; 
of a villa, 1. 12. 5. 

portraits of authors, in their books, 
1. 53. 2; 14. 186. Introd., 2. 

poscere soleas: see soleae. 

post cineres, 1. 1. 6. 

postes, postis = fores, valvae, Y. 70. 
14; of shops, I. 117. II. 

Postumus, 4. 26. 1; 5. 58. 1. 

potentia vs. potestas, 12. 6. 3. 

potential subjv., in past, impf. in, 
I. 41. 17. 

poteram, poteras, poterat, potera- 
mus, Y. 3. 12; z. I. 1; 10. 3. 8; 
11,5; 7: 

potestas vs. potentia, 12. 6. 3. 

Pothinus, 5. 69. 1. 

praccinctiones, in theater, 5. 14. 8. 

graeco, 1. 85. Introd.; 5. 56. 11; 
6. 8. 4. 

praefatio, of recitatio, 1. 76. 13. 

Praeneste, 4. 64. 33; roses of, 4. 64. 
33; 9. 60. 5; 10. 30. 7. 

praenomen, in familiar address, 8. 
76. 1; 9. 81. 1. 

praestare, 10. 96. 13. 


389 

praeterirve, ‘snub’, ‘overlook’, 7. 
86. 5. 

prandium, 4.8.4; = refreshments 


at theater, 5. 49. 8. 

Praxiteles, 4. 39. 3. 

Praxitelis, Greek gen. sing. 4. 
39- 3 

preposition, postpositive, 8. 5o. 18; 
prep. phrase = adj., 8. 14. 4; 10. 
IO. 4. 

present, conative, 7. 54. 4. 

pretium facere, ‘bid’, at auction, 
1.85. 7; in the Saepta, 9. 59. 20. 

Priamus, 2. 41. 14; 5. 58. 5; 6.70. 12. 

Priapeia, $ 33. 

Priapus, 3. 58. 47; 11. 18. 22. 

primipilus, primopilus, (primus 
pilus), 1. 93. 3. 

primum est, with subjv., 7. 43. 1. 

primus, 4. 94. 2. 

princeps, used of the emperor, Lib. 
Spect. 29. 11. 

Priscus, a gladiator, Lib. Spect. 
29; unknown, 2. 4I. 10; 9. IO. 
Introd. 

probare, 1. 12. 12; 9. 81. 1. 

Probus, M. Valerius, 3. 2. 12. 

probus, 1. 4. 8. 

procacitas, stolida, 1. 41. 19. 

proceres, 12. 6. 1. 

Procillus, 1. 27. Introd. 

Proculus, 1. 7o. Introd. 

professions, returns from, 6. 8. 
Introd. See law; literature; po- 
etry. 

proficio ne, etc., 5. 76. 2. 

Progne, 11. 18. 19. 

prohibitions, with zez and subjv., 
2. 18. 8. 

prolepsis, 3. 58. 42; 4.1.23 4. 44. 
2; 4. 49. 5; 8. 3. 15; 9. GI. 17. 


390 

Prometheus, 10. 39. 3; 11.84. 9-10. 

promulsis, 1. 43. 3-8; 3- 50. 33 
olives served at, 1. 43. (3), 8; 1. 
103.7; (11.52.11,12). See gustus. 

prope, with sum, 10. 50. 8. 

proper name, from adj., 10. 30. 6. 

Propertius, § 33; 8. 73. Introd., 5; 
14. 189. Introd., 1-2. 

property rights of women, 4. 7 5. 3. 

propinare, 8. 6. 13-14. 

Proserpina, 3. 43. 3. 

protasis, substitute for, 1. 79. 2; 
3. 35. 21 5. 56. 8; 6. 70. 7-10; in 
a command, I. 107. 3; 2. 29. 10; 
inimv. subjv. clause, 11. 84.9; in 
a question, I. 70.2; 3.4. 5; ina 
statement, 3. 38. 8; 3. 46. 5; in 
a wish, 6. 70. 7-10; in a parti- 
ciple, 1. 12. 12; in abl. abs., ro. 
35. 21. 

prototom?, 10. 48. 16. 

proverbs, 1. 3. 6; 1. 27. Introd., 7; 
2.49 15 2.77.23 3«43« SH Se E 
3i 5. 37- 63 5. 39. 9; 6. 11. 10; 
6. 11. Introd.; 7. 88. 7; 8. 9. 3; 
9. 11. 5; I0. I3. 7-8 ; 11. 5. 3; 12. 
10. 2. See Greek. 

provinces, Roman writers born in, 
$ 1. 

provincials, gravitation of, toward 
Rome, § 1; 3. 14. Introd. 

Publilius Syrus: see Syrus. 

Publius, 1. 109; z. 57. 3. 

pudor, 12. 94. 11. 

puella = uxor, 7. 88. 4; 
I, 3; ‘lass’, 10. 35. 20. 

puer = servus, 1. 41. 8. 

pueri molles, slaves, 9. 59. 3. 

ueri virginesque, 9. 68. 2. 

pugillares, 1. 2. EN 

pugnare, with inf., ro. ro. 8. 


IO. 35. 


GENERAL INDEX 


pulchre esse, with dat., 12. 17. 9. 

pulpitum, at recitatio, 1. 76. 13. 

pulsare ianuam, 10, 20. 12-13. 

pulsare pectus, sign of grief, 2. 11. 
5i 5. 37. 19- 

pumex, used to smooth frontes of 
books, 1. 66. 10; 4. 57. 2. 

pumitiones, fought in arena, 1. 43. 
(19) 

Punica, of Silius Italicus, 4. 14. 
Introd., 2-5, 3-4. 

Punica fides, 4. 14... 

Punica grana (mala), 1. 43. 6. 

Punica spongea, 4. 10. 5-6. 


purple, Tyrian, z. 16. 3; (2.43. 7); 


6. 11. 7, 8; 10. 17. 7; 13. 87; 
smell of, 2. 16. 3. See murex; 
Sidon; Tyrianthina; Tyros. 

purpura, 2. 16. 3; ‘men of rank’, 
10. 5. 1; = ffabellum, Yo. 30. 15; 
— parchment cover of book, 3. 
2. 10. See purple. 

pusillus, 1. 9. 2. 

pustulae, on silver, 7. 86.7; 8. 50. 6. 

pustulatum (argentum), 7. 86. 71 
(8. 5o. 6). 

putator, 3. 58. 9. 

pycta, pyctes, 11. 84. 14. 

Pylades, 6. 11. 1. 

Pyrrha, 5. 53. 4. 

Pyrrhus, 11. 5. 8. 


quacks, medical, 1. 47. 

quadrantes centum, amount of sfor- 
tula, 3. 7. Introd.; 4. 64. 1; 6.88.4. 

quaero, with inf., 1. 2. 2; 11. 84. 1. 

quam, omission of, after zs, etc., 
9. 100. 4. 

quantity, variation in, § 54, b. 

"Qué... -que, S. 14. 5. 

quercus = quercea corona, 4. 94. I. 


GENERAL INDEX 


question, in indic., after imv. (esp. 
dic), 6. 8. 6; 6. 88. 3; 8. 3:125 
12.92. 4; deliberative subjv. in, 
IO. IO. S. 

quicumque = quivis, 1.41.18 ; quo- 
cumque = quovis, 10. 13. 10. 

quidem, concessive, 2. 58. 2. 

quincunx, Y. 27.2; 2. 1. 9. 

quindecim, used indefinitely, 10. 
74. 5. 

quinquennale certamen, 4. 54. x. 

Quintilianus, M. Fabius, §§ 1; 16; 
2. QO. I, 2; IO. 20. 17. 

Quintilis (mensis), 1o. 62. 7. 

Quintus, 8. 9. 1. 

Quirinus, temple,of, 10. 58. 9-10. 

quisquam, in neg. sentences, 5. 
20. 14; as adj., 10. 5. 1. 

quod, ‘as to the fact that’, 2. r1. 1; 
3. 44. 15 6. 48. 1; 8. 17. 2; Io. 
13. 1-2. 

quomodo (sc. dicis), colloquialism, 
3: 15: 2: 

quondam, of future, 8. 57. 5. 

quo tibi, with acc., 5. 53. I. 


race-horses, favorite, 3. 63. 12; 12. 
36. 12. 

raeda, 12. 24. z. 

raptum, as noun, 7. 47. II. 

ratio, ‘ theory ’, ‘ principle ’, 2. 77. 3. 

raucus,1. 41. 9; 4.1.2; used con- 
temptuously, 8. 3. 15. 

reading aloud in ancient times, 2. 
T 

realism, in the amphitheater, 1. 43. 
14; IO. 25. Introd. 

recessus, 10. 58. I. 

recitare, 2. 88. 1. 

recitationes, 1. 3. 5; 1. 25. Introd.; 
I. 29. Introd.; 3.18. Introd., 1-2; 


391 


3.44.15; 3. 50; 3. 63. 7; pul 
pitum at, 1. 76. 13; at baths 
(thermae), 3. 25. 4; at dinner, 
3- 44. 15; 3. 45. Introd.; 3. 
50. Introd.; 6. 48. Introd.; rr. 
52. Introd.; applause at, r. 3. 
7; tricks of readers at, 4. 41. 
Introd., 1; 6. 41. 1; delivery at, 
8. 3. 14. 

reckoning, ways of, 1o. 62. 4. 

rector, ‘driver’, 12. 24. 6. 

recumbere, at cena, 12. 17. 7. 

red-haired wigs worn by slaves in 
comedy, 12. 54. 1. 

redux, passive in sense, 9. 6. 1. 

refreshments at Zud?, 1. 41. 4-6. 

regnator = dominus, 10. 61. 3. 

regnum, ‘estate’, 10. 61. 3; 12. 
31. 8; 12. 57. 19. 

Regulus, C. Memmius, 12. 36. 8. 

Regulus, M'. Aquilius, captator 
and delator, $ 20; 1. 10. Introd. ; 
1. 12. Introd.; 7. 16. Introd. ; 
villa of, near Tibur, 1. 12. 1, 2. 

Remus, 10. 76. 4. 

repeated words, metrical treatment 
of, 2. go. 10. 

repono, of paying debts, 12. 18. 15. 

requiescere, of the dead, 1. 93. I. 

res = res familiaris, ‘money’, 
‘wealth’, 10. 47. 3; 10. 96. 5. 

ves salsa, 3. 12. 3. 

retiarius, 5. 24. z, 12. 

rex = dives, 1. 103. 3; = fatronus, 
z. 18. 5; 3. 7. 5; 5. 22. 14; (10. 
IO. 5); 10. 61. 3; 10. 96. 13. 

Rhenus = Germani, 5. 37. 8. 

rhetoras, Greek acc. pl., 5. 56. 3. 

rhetores, 5. 56. 3. 

rhetoric, schools of, 2. 7. 1. 

rhinoceros, 1. 3. 6. 


392 


Rhodiae gallinae, 3. 58. 17. 

Rhoetus, 8. 6. 7. 

rhombus, 3. 45. 5; 3. 60. 6; 10. 
30. 21; ‘bull-roarer’, 12. 57. 17. 

rhonchus, 1. 3. 5; 4. 86. 7. 

rhyme, § 48, c; 1. 12. 2; I. 33. 2; 
9. 30. 4. 

ridere, of a fig, 11. 18. 16. 

riguus, act. in sense, I2. 3I. 2. 

rings: see finger-rings. 

rising before another, a compli- 
ment, 10. IO. 9—Io. 

river, name of, for name of people, 
5. 37. 8. See Milus; RAenus. 

rogator = mendicus, 4. 30. 13; 10. 
5. 4. 

rogo, with inf., I. 109. 13; 12. 18. 
24-25; used paratactically, 2. 
14. I8; 2. 80. 2; 3. 44. 9; with 
simple subjv., 3. 25. 3; 6. 35. 5-6. 

Roma, aurea, 9. 59. 2; domzna, 1. 
3. 3; maxima, 7. 96. 2; 10. 58.6; 
pia, 12. 6. 5. 

Roman writers, born in provinces, 
$ 1; widely read, 1. 1. 1-2; 11. 
3. 3. See Latin literature. 

Romanus = urbanus, 12. 97. 21. 

Rome, montes of, 4. 64. 11; estates 
on hills of, 4. 64. 3; smoke of, 
4. 64. 9-10; distractions of life 
in, noises of, 12. 57. 3; captured 
by Gauls, 1t. 5. 7; worship of, 
9. 18. 5. 

ros = aqua, 9. 18. 5; — umor, 4. 
59. 3 

roscidus = umidus, 1. 88. 6. 

Roscius Otho: see Otho. 

roses, demand for, in Rome, 5. 
37. 9; 5$. 64. 4; 6. 80. 6; 7. 
89. 1, 4; at dinner, 12. 17. 7; 
13. 127. Introd.; cultivated in 


GENERAL INDEX 


hot-houses, 6. 80. Introd.; in 
winter at Rome, 6. 8o. 2, 9; 
brought from Egypt to Domi- 
tian, 6. 80. Introd. 

royalty, to authors, 1. 117. Introd. 

Rubra saxa ot ad Rubras, 4. 64. 15. 

"udis, given to discharged gladi- 
ator, Lib. Spect. 29. 9. 

rudis, ‘rough’, ‘rustic’, * boorish ', 
I. I2. 5; lacerna, 7. 86. 8; of 
unpublished books, 1. 66. 5; of 
herba, ‘uncultivated’, 2. go. 8; 
of vegetables, 10. 48. 16; of an 
estate, 7. 36. 2. 

Rufus, z. 11. 1; 2. 29. 1; 6.82. 1; 9. 
88.2. See Canius Rufus ; Istan- 
tius Rufus; Verginius Rufus. 

rumor, 4. 69. 2. 

rumpere = perrumpere, 5. 22. 7; 
rumpitur invidia, 9. 97. 1. 

rus, *estate', 1. I2. 3; 8. 55. 6; 
II. 18. 1; verum barbarumque, 
3. 58. 5; rus in urbe, 12. 57. 21. 

rusticitas, 1. 41. Introd. 

Rusticus, 8. 23. 2. See Antistius 
Rusticus. 

ruta, 10. 48. 11; 11. 18.4; 11. 52.8. 


Sabella, 2. 41. 12. 

Sabellus, 7. 85. 2; 9. 19; 12. 39. 

Sabineius, 3. 25. Intred. 

Sabinus, Caesius, 9. 60. Introd. 

sacculus = crumena, 5. 39. 7; 11. 
3. 6. 

saccus, used in cooling wine, 5.64. 2. 

sacer, 5. 69. 7; ‘imperial’, 4. 30. 3; 
of the Tiber, 4. 64. 24; of springs, 
4. 57. 7; of poets and poetry, 
7. 63. §-6; 8. 55. 3; of Cicero, 
5. 69.7; of the year of Nero's 
death, 7. 63. 10; Clivus, r. 70. 5, 


GENERAL INDEX 


Sacer Clivus: see sacer. 

sacra, for dead: see annuu fusta. 

sacramentum, 1. 93. S. 

saeculum, 1. 107.5; 5.24. 1; I0. 2. I1 ; 
IO. 20. 16; 10. 39. 3. 

Saepta Iulia, 2. 14. 5; 2. 57. 2; 9. 
59. Introd., z. 

saeta, ‘fishing-line’, 10. 30. 16. 

sagatus, 6. 11.8. 

sagum, 1. 3. 8; 6. 11. 8. 

Saguntum, earthenware of, 8. 6. 2. 

sailors, shipwrecked, turn beggars, 
12. 57. 12. 

sal, sales, ‘wit’, 1. 41. 16; 3. 99. 3; 
7.25.3: 8. 3. 19; 11.13. 3; 13.1. 4. 

salamandra, 2. 66. 7. 

Salaria Via, 4. 64. 18. 

salarium, 3. 7. 6. 

salarius, 1. 41. 8; 4. 86. 9. 

Saleius Bassus, 7. 96. 1. 

Salmacis, 10. 30. 10. 

Salo, § 2; 10. 13. 1; 10. 21. 1; (10. 
96. 3); 10. 104. 6. 

salsa mola, 7. 54. 5. 

salsa res, 3. 12. 3. 

saltare, defined, 3. 63. 6; in panto- 
mime, 2. 7. 5. See dancing. 

saltatio, defined, 3. 63. 6. 

salubris, of price, 10. 104. 14. 

salutatio, early, 1. 70. Introd.; 2. 
18. 3; 3. 4. 6; 3. 38. 11-12; 4. 1. 1; 
4. 8. 1; 5. 20. 5; 5. 22. 1; 6. 88. 
1, 2; 9. 100. I; I2. 29. I, 3, 7- 
See salutator; atrium, toga. 

salutator, 1. 70. 18; 10. 10. 2. 

salutem. dicere, 12. Y1. Y. 

salve, domine (salve, rex), said in 
the salutatio, 6. 88. 2. 

Samnites, gladiators, 9. 68. 8. 

sanctus, 9. 30. 5; IO. 30. 5; 10. 35.12. 

sanus, play on, 2. 16. 6. 


393 


Sappho, Io. 35. 15-16, 17, 18, 19. 

sarcina, 2. 11. 8. 

Sardinia, unhealthy, place of ban- 
ishment, 8. 32. 7-8. 

sardonychatus, 2. 29. 2. 

sardonyx, z. 29. 2; 9. 59. 19. 

Sassina(Sarsina) in Umbria, cheese 
from, I. 43. 7; 3. 58. 11. 

satire, dangerous, 12. 94. 7. 

Saturnalia, 4. 14.6; 5.49.8; 7.36. 5; 
Io. 5o. Introd.; 13. 1. 4; presents 
at, 7. 36. 4; 10. 57. Introd.; 12. 
36. 1; gambling at, 13. 1. 5-6. 

Scaevola, unknown, 1. 103; Mucius, 
IO. 25. Introd., z. 

scalae in theater, 5. 14. 8. 

scazon, § 52. 

schools, at Rome, 9. 68; hours of, 
9. 68. 2, 3-4; 12. 57. 5; vacations 
in, ro. 62. 11; methods in, 8. 
3. 15; discipline in, severe, 9. 68. 
3-4; 10. 62. Introd., 8, ro. 

scindere = carpere, ‘carve’, 3.12.2. 

scio, paratactic, 10. 104. 19. 

Scipio Africanus, 4. 14. 2-5. 

SCISSOY, 3. 12. 2. 

scomber, 4. 86. 8. 

Scopas, 4. 39. 3. 

Scorpus, Flavius, an az77ga, 10. 50, 
esp. 5-6; IO. 53, esp. 4; 10. 74. 
5-6. * 

scribere, with acc., 4. 49. 3-4. 

Scribonianus, r. 13. 

scrinium, Y. 2. 4; 1. 66. 6; 4. 39. 
3-4; 4. 86. 10; 14. 37. Introd. 

scroll, hów read and re-rolled, 1. 66. 
8, 10-11. 

scurra, scurrilitas, 1. 41. Introd., z. 

scutarii, 9. 68. 8. 

scyphus, 8. 6. 11. 

Scythian leather, to. 62. 8. 


394 


seal, put on chests, book-boxes, 
etc., I. 66. 6; on merchandise 
bespoken, 9. 59. 14. 

seats at munera and in theater, 
2. 29. 12; 5. 8. Introd.; 5. 14. 1; 
sometimes sold, 5. 24. 9. 

secare, 'lash', 10. 5. 
Saepta, 2. 57. 2. 

secessus, ‘place of retirement’, 10. 
104. 14. 

second pers. sing., in generalizing 
expressions, with subjv., 1.15. 5; 
12. 34. 8-12. 

secundae mensae: see mensae. 

Secundus, bookseller, 13. 2. 7; 
money-lender, 7. 92. 3. 

sed, sed et, ‘and in fact’, ‘aye, and’, 
1.43-93 1.117.753 2.14.43 2. 4I. 
73 7. 54- 33 sed... sed, 10. 72. 
8-9. 

sedan chairs, 2. 57. 6; 3. 46. 4; 9. 
22. 9; IO. 10. 7-8. See /ectica; 
sella gestatoria. 

sedere = insidere, Y. 89. 5. 

Selius, 2. 11. Introd.; 2. 14; 2. 69. 6. 

sellae, ‘sittings’, in theater, 5. 14. 4. 

sella gestatoria, 2.57. 6. 

senarius, § 50. 

senatorial census: see census. 

Seneca, L. Annaeus, the philoso- 
pher, $8 1; 9; 16; 1. 61.7; 2. go. 1; 
style of, 7. 47. 2; M. Annaeus, 
the rhetorician, $$ 1; 9; 16; 1. 61. 
7. See Gallio; Mela. 

Senecae, 12. 36. 8. 

senex, as adj., 3. 58. 7; 5. 37. 1; 10. 
30. 24; 12. 4. 4. 

senio, 13. 1. 6. 

septem montes of Rome, not named 
by Roman writers, 4. 64. 11. 

septunx, 8. 50. 25. 


14; secare 


GENERAL INDEX 


sepulchral epigrams, $ 26; 5. 34; 
6. 28; 6. 52; 7. 96. 

Serapis: see Isis and Serapis. 

serenus ( focus), 3. 58. 22. 

sermo plebeius, words from: 1. 
88. 9; amethystinatus, 2. 57. 2; 
adjectives in Zez- 1. 76. 10; 3. 
63. 14; salarius, 1. 41.8; vispillo, 
1. 47. 1-2; esuritor, 2. 14. 1; 
buxetum, 3. 58. 3; guttatus, 3. 
58. 15; Vesbius (= Vesuvius), 4. 
44.1; helciarius, 4. 64. 22; pexa- 
tus, 2. 58. 1; sardonychatus, 2. 
29. 2; locarius, 5. 24.9; peristi, 
5. 49. I3; topographical names 
in, 1.117. 6. See also 8. 76. 1; 
IO. 5. 9; IO. 48. 15; 12. I8. 5; 12. 
24. 8; 12. 57. 11. 

serta tonsilia, 6. 8o. 8. 

servire, 5. 13: 7 ; 10. 94. 2. 

sestertius, used in reckoning large 
sums of money, 1. 103. 1; 3. 52. 1; 
5. 37-24; I2. IO. I ; VS. sestertzum, 
2. 30. I. 

Setia, 4. 64. 33; 8. 50. 19; 9. 22. 3; 
10. 74.11. See Setinum vinum. 

Setinum vinum, 4. 69. 1; 8. 50. 19; 
9. 22. 3; I0. 74. I1; 12. I7. 5. See 
Setia. M 

Setinus Clivus, ro. 74. II. 

Seven Wonders of the World, Lib. 
Spect. 1. Introd. 

Severus, 6. 8. 6; 7. 79. 4. 

sexagent, 12. 29. I. 

sextarius, Y. 27. 2. 

Sextus, 4. 68. Introd.; 7. 86. In- 
trod., 10; 8. 17; 10. 21. Introd.; 
IO. 57. 2. 

shipwrecked mariners, real or pre- 
tended, as beggars, 12. 57. 12. 

shopping in the Saepta Iulia, 9. 59. 


GENERAL INDEX 


shops, fostes of, 1. 117. 11; other 
arrangements in, I. 117. 15. 

Short final o: see o. 

sic in prayers (curses), 7. 89. 4; 7. 
99. I; 10. 62. 2; sic... non eat, 
7. 96. 7 i sic te semper amet Venus, 
7. 89. 4. 

sidera, influence of, 7. 92. 9. 

sideratio, 7. 92. 9. 

sidereus, 10. 66. 7. 

Sidon = purpura, 2. 16. 3. 

sigma, 9. 59. 9; IO. 48. 6. 

silicernium, 3. 12. 5. 

Silius Italicus, $16; 4. 14. Introd., 
I, 2-5, 3-4; 7. 63. Introd., 1, 5-6, 
12; honored tomb of Vergil, 11.48. 
Introd.; owned villa of Cicero, 
11. 48. 2; devotion of, to Cicero, 
11. 48. 4; 12. 67. 4. 

silver plate, value of, 12. 36. 1. See 
argentum ; plate. 

Simonides of Ceos, epigrams of, 
§ 22. 

simple verb used for compound, 
I. 4. 2; I. 61. 6; 1. 103. 4; 1. 
109. 17, 21; 3. 22. 3; 4.14. 33 4- 
44. 23 5. 39- 2; 5. 64. 2; 6.70.8; 
8. 43. 4; 10.5. 9; IO. 58. 5; 11. 
5. 10; I2. I7. 10; I2. 36. 4; 12. 
94.6; 13. 70.1. — 

simplex, *true', 9. 15. 2. 

simplicitas, 8. 73. 2; 10. 47. 7. 

simulovs. dissimulo, Lib. Spect. 1.4. 

sine, phrases with, = an adj., 8. 14.4. 

singing among Romans, z. 7. 5. 

singular, 5. 42. 6; collective, 1. 41. 6 
(cicer); 1. 70. 10; z. 29. 6; 3. 
58. 13; 5. 8. 3; 5. 14. I1; 5. 22. 6; 
8. 14. 8; 8. 50. 21-22; 9. IT. 2; 
9. 22. 4, (10); 9. 60. 2; 10. 5. 7; 
12. 89. 9; with adj. of quantity: 


395 


see adjective; of distrib. adj., 4. 
64. 32. 

sinus, ‘bosom’, ‘lap’, 8. 32. 2; 
child's *bib', 12. 82. 8; of toga, 
I. I5. I0; 8. 57. 3; ‘embrace’, 1. 
15.10; 3. 2. 6; 3. 58. 20. 

sistrum, 10. 48. 1. 

Sisyphus, ro. 5. 15. 

sitive, 10. 96. 3. 

S. T. T. L, in sepulchral inscrip- 
tions, 1. 82. 2; 5. 34. 9-10. 

situs, 8. 3. 5. 

Si vir es, z. 69. 8. 

slaves, condition of women, 2. 66. 
Introd.; till estates, 9. 22. 4; 
condition of, on estates, 9. 22. 4; 
names (fancy) of, 5. 24. 1; 6.17.1; 
11. 84. 2; 11. 86. 2; sales of, in 
the Saepta, 9. 59. 3-6; branded, 
z. 29. Introd., 9, 10; hair-dresser 
(woman), 2.66. 4; moles, as pages, 
9. 59. 3; on stage, red-headed, 12. 
54.1. See capillatus; Syri. 

sleep, in country, 12. 18. 15; 12. 
57. 24; in Rome, hard to get, 
IO. 74. I2; 12. 57. 15. 

smaragdus: see emerald. 

Smyrna, poem, 1o. 21. 4. 

snake-charmer, I. 41. 7. 

snow, mixed with wine, 2. I. 9-10; 
5. 64. 2. 

soap, from the Batavi, 6. 82. 6. 

soccus = comoedia, 8. 3. 13. 

sodalis (sodalitas), 1. 15. 15 2. 43.15; 
7. 86. 5; (10. 104. 8); 12. 34. 10. 

sol = dies, 5. 20. 12. 

solarium horologium, 4. 8. Introd. 

soleae, 1. 103. 6; at dinner, 3. 50. 3. 

soleatus, 12. 82. 6. 

solus, play on, 11. 35. 4- 

solvere, ‘pay debts’, 8. 9. I. 


396 


fomnia, in superstition, 7. 54. I. 

sonare = resonare, 1.61.6; of style, 
8. 55. 4. 

sophos, I. 3. 7; 1. 66. 4; 1. 76. io; 
3. 46. 8. 

sordidus, of outdoor things, 3. 58. 
12; IO. 96. 4 ; 12. 57. 2. 

sorores doctae = Musae, 1. 70. 15; 
1. 76. 3. 

Spain, Roman writers born in, § 1; 
winter climate of, 12. 31. 4; gold 
of, 4. 39. 7; 7. 88. 7; 9. 61. 3-4; 
uncouth names in, 12. 18. 10-12. 
See Astures; Baetis; Bilbilis; 
Calagurris; Callaicum aurum, 
Salo; Tagus; Tarraco. 

Spanius, 2. 41. 10. 

Sparsus, 12. 57. 3. 

sparulus, 3. 60. 6. 

spectare, y. 4. 55 1. 20. 15 1. 43. I1; 
5. I4. 7; IO. 25. I. 

specularia, 8. 14. 3. 

speculum, 2. 41. 8; 2. 66. 3; of 
metal, 2. 41. 8. 

speech, freedom of, unknown under 
the empire, 10. 48. 21. 

Spendophorus, 1o. 83. 7. 

splenia, 2. 29. Introd., 9. 

sponda = sandapila, 10. 5. 9. 

spondaic verse, § 47, g; 2. 38. 1. 

Spongea (Punica) 4. 10. 5-6; 6. 
57: 4- 

sportel/a, at theater, 5. 49. 10. 

sportula, 3. 7. Introd., 3; 3. 60. 10; 
4- 26. 3, 4; 7. 86. 9; 9. 100. 1; 
IO. 27. 3; IO. 74. 4. 

stare contra, Y. S3. 1I. 

stars, evil influence of, 7. 92. 9. 

Statius, $ 16; relation of M. to, 
818; 4. 49. 1, 3-4; 6. 28. Introd. ; 
8. 3. 14. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Stella, L. Arruntius, $ 17; 1.61.4; 
7. 36. 6; 10. 48. 5; 11. 52. 15. 

stemmata, 8. 6. 3-4. 

stenography, Io. 62. 4. 

Stephanus, baths of, 11. 52. 4. 

sterilis, ‘unprofitable’, 1. 76. 14; 
IO. 58. 8. 

Stertinius Avitus, L.,$ 17; 1. 16. 
Introd.; 10. 96. Introd. ; 12. 24.9. 

stibadium, 9. 59. 9. 

stola, *matronhood', Io. 5. 1. 

stomachus, ‘taste’, ‘liking’, 13. 3.8. 

stones, white or black, used to mark 
days, 9. 42. 4-5. 

stragula = vestes straguíae, 2. 16. 1. 

streets, crowds in, 3. 46. 5; proper 
conduct in, 3. 46. 10; noise in, 
filth in, s. 22. 6; 10. 10. 7-8. 

Strongylion, artist, z. 77. 4. 

stropha, 3. 7. 6. 

structor, 10. 48. 15. 

Stygia domus, 10. 72. 10; Stygiae 
umbrae, 11. 84. 1. 

sub, ‘near’, 4. 64. 14; II. 18. 1. 

sub astra ferre, 4. 75. 6. 

subjunctive, with generalizing sec- 
ond sing., I. 15. 5-6; 12. 34. 8- 
12; of wish (volitive), 5. 22. 2; 
non with subjv. of wish, 5. 34. 8; 
7. 96. 8; volitive, with conces- 
sive force, 4. 75. 5; volitive — 
protasis, 6. 70. 7-10; delibera- 
tive, 10. 10. 5; with Zze£: see 
licet; with dum tantum, 9. 46. 4; 
after caveto, 10. 72. 12-13; after 
primum est, 7. 43. 1; paratactic, 
with verb of command, 5. 46. 
4-5; 5.49. 12; 5. 56.9; 8.69.5; 
IO. I04. 2; by attraction, Io. 47. 
I2-13; of command, pf. in, 7. 
47. 12; omission of, I. 52. I. 


GENERAL INDEX 


24. 
s 





dcin (gt aiat ), 5. 24. 8. 

subsellium, in theater, 5. 14. Introd. 

substitute for protasis: see protasis. 

Subura, 10. 20. 4-5; 10. 94. 5-6; 
12. 21. 5; clamosa, 12. 18. z. 

Suburanus Clivus, 5. 22. 5. 

succinctus, ‘short’, z. 1. 3. 

sucinum, S. 37. 11. 

sudatrix (toga), 12. 18. 5. 

suilli: see fungi. 

Sulla, the dictator, 11. 5. 9. 

sulphur, ingredient in cement, 1. 
41. 4; I2. 57. 14. 

sulphurata, 1. 41. 4. 

Sulpicia, ro. 35. Introd., 7-8. 

sum: see adverb; longe; pulchre 
e5se. 

sumen, YO. 48. 12; 12.17. 4. 

summus — ultimus or supremus, 3. 
22. 4; IO. 47. 12-13. 

sun-dial, 4. 8. Introd. 

supercilium, 1. 4. 2. 

superstition among Romans, 8. 32. 
Introd. See dreams; eclipses. 

supremae tabulae = testamentum, 5. 
39. 1; 6. 63. 3. 

supremus (summus) dies, suprema 
lux, 1. 109. 17; IO. 47. 15. 

Sura, Licinius, $ 20; 7. 47. I. 

surgery, Roman, 11. 84. 5. 

sustinere, with inf., 10. 66. 3-4. 

sutiles (coronae), 5. 64. 4. 

suus, ‘beloved’, 1. 13. 1; 8. 55. 2; 
refers to logical subj., 5. 56. 6; 
9. 68. 8. 

swans of Caystros, 1. 53. 7-8; song 
of, before death, 5. 37. 1; 13. 77. 
Introd. 

Syene, 5. 13. 7. 

Syenes, Greek gen. sing., 5. 13. 7. 

syllabae = hendecasyllabi, 1. 61. 1. 


397 


Symmachus, 5. 82; 6. 70. 6. 

synthesis, dinner robe, 4. 14. 6. 

Syri, as slaves, 10. 76. 2; as Jectz- 
cari, 9. 22. 9. 

syrma, 4. 49. 8; 12. 94. 4. 

Syrus, Publilius, writer of mimes, 
2:39.35: 


tabella, = pagina, 1. 2. 3; (14. 186. 
2); — tabella picta, 1. 109. 18; 
tabellae amatoriae, 3. 63. 9. 

tabernae, of Argiletum, 1. 3. 1; 1. 
117. 9; on country estates, 3. 58. 
24. 

tables: see ovbes; mensae. 

Tabulae supremae=testamentum, 5. 
39. 1-2; 6. 63. 3. 

tabulata, 9. 59. 5. 

tacere, with acc., 2. 11. 3. 

Tacitus, $ 16. 

Tagus, 7. 88. 7; 10. 17. 4; 10. 65. 
4i 10. 96. 3. 

ali, ‘dice’, 4. 14. 9; 13. 1. 6. 

Tantalus, 10. 5. 16. 

tanti, x. 12. 11; (8. 69. 3); 10. 57. 
2; lanti est, s. 22. 12. 

lantum = modo, dum, ‘only’, z. 
Al. 21; 4. 49. 2; 9. 46. 4; 11. 
84. 12. 

tantus, S. 69. 6. 

Tarentum, settled from Sparta, 2. 
43. 3; wool of, 2. 43. 3. 

Tarpeius = Capitolinus, 4. 54. 1, 2. 

Tarracina, 10. 58. 1. 

Tarraco, 10. 104. 4. 

Tartesiacus = Hispanus, 9. 61. 1. 

tata = pater, Y. 100. I. 

teachers, Roman, 9. 68. Introd., 1. 

Telesphorus, 1o. 83. 7. 

Telethusa, 8. 50. 23. 

tellus = regio, terra, 10. 96. 5. 


398 


temptare, of literary efforts, 8. 18. 
5; with inf., 1. 107. 5. 

tenebrae, ‘dark, forbidding place’, 
2. 14. LI-12. 

tener, epithet of erotic writers, 4. 
14. 13; of plants, 8. 14. 1, 2. 

tenuzs, ‘poor’, 10. 96. 6. 

tepescere, 2. 1. YO. 

Terentius Priscus, 8. 12. Introd.; 
I2. 3. Introd.; 12. 92. Introd. 
terere, thumb" a book, 8. 3. 4; 11. 
3. 4; ‘tread’ (Zerere limen), 10. 

IO. 2; II. I3. 1 ; I2. 29. I. 

Tereus, 4. 49. 4. 

terrarum, for orbis terrarum, Y. 4. z. 

tesserae, ‘dice’, 4. 14. 9; 13. 1. 6; 
‘tickets’, 5. 49. 10. 

testa, ‘earthenware’, 1. 53.6; = am- 
phora, 3. 58. 7. 

tetricus, 5. 20. 6; 7. 96. 4; of Mi- 
nerva, IO. 20. 14. 

Tettius Caballus, 1. 41. 17. 

Thais, 5. 43. 1; of Menander, 14. 
187. Introd. 

Thalia, 4.8. 12; 7. 17.4; 8. 3. 9, 10; 
8. 73. 3; 9. 26. 8; Lo. 20. 3; 12. 
94. 3 

theater, seats in, 2. 29. 12; 5. 8. 
Introd.; 5. 14. Introd.; seats in, 
sold, 5. 24. 9; Lex Roscia and 
Lex Iulia concerning, 5.8. Introd. 
See cunei; dissignator; equites; 
factiones, gradus; Marcellus; 
ganariolum ; praecinctiones; sel- 
lae; subsellium ; tesserae; viae 

"Theopompus, 1o. 66. 2. 

Therinos, 9. 12. 3. 

thermaeé, 2. 14. 11-12, 13; 3: 44. 12; 
4.8. 5; bathing hours in, 10. 48. 3; 
of Nero, 3. 25. 4. 

Thetis = mare, 10. 30. 11. 


GENERAL INDEX 


tholus, of Cybele, 1. 70. 10. 

Thraex, Lib. Spect. 29. 4; 5. 24. 2; 
9. 68. 8. 

Thrasea Paetus, 1. 13. Introd.; 4. 
54. 7- 

Thyestes, 3. 45. 1; 4. 49. 41 5$. 53. 1; 

. 8.18.7; play by Varius, ro. 35. 6. 

Thymele, r. 4. 5. 

thynnus, 3. 2. 4; muria from, 10. 
48. 12. 

tibiae, 11. 84. 4. 

Tibullus, § 33; 8. 73. 7. 

Tibur, cool, 1. 12. 1; 4. 57. In- 
trod., 9, 10; 4. 64. 32; 10. 30. 5, 
7; roses of, 9. 60. 1; sulphur 
springs near, I. 12. 2; Hercu- 
Jeum, stock epithet of, 1. 12. 1; 
founded from Argos, 4. 57. 3. 

Tiburtina pila, 5. 22. 3. 

tiger at venationes, 3. 44. 6. 

Tigris, a race-horse, 12. 36. 12. 

timere, with inf., 4. 8. X1; 4. 10. 2. 

tinea, 14. 37. 2- 

titles, of books, 1. 53. 11. 

Titus, unknown, 7. 59; the em- 
peror, arch of, 1. 70. 5; helped 
M., $8. 

tmesis, Argi.. . detum, 1. 117. 9. 

toga, use of, 2. 29. 4; 2. 57. 55; 3°° 
4. 65 3. 63. 10; 9. 100. 5; I0. 
47- 5; IO. 96. 12; discomfort of, 
2. 29. 4; 3. 63. 10; IO. 47. 5; 
Jevis, 7. 86. 8; of prostitutes, Io. 
5. 1; pexa, z. 58. 1; praetexta, 
IO. 5. 1; IO. I3. 4; sordida, 1. 
103. 5; Zria, 2. 58. 1; algens, 
12. 36. 2; sudatrix, 12. 18. 5; 
toga = Rome and all it stands 
for, 7. 63. 2; worn by lawyers, z. 
go. 2; worn by clients, 2. 29. 4; 
3. 46. 1; 9. 100. 1; laid aside in 


GENERAL INDEX 


country, 12. 18. 17, and at Satur- 
nalia, 4. 14. 6. For fig. use of the 
word ¢oga see 2. 9o. 2; 7. 63. 2. 

togati = clientes, 5. 26.4; = advo- 
cati, ‘lawyers’, 2. 9o. 2. 

togatuli, 10. 74. 3. 

togula, dim. of contempt, 4. 25. 4; 
5. 22. II; 9. IOO. I. 

tolleno, 9. 18. 4. 

tomacla, 1. 41. 9. 

tombs and mausolea, 5. 64. 5; 
along the vzae, 1. 88. Introd., 3; 
6. 82. 5; 10. 2. 9-10; 10. 43. 2; 
II. I3. 1 ; erected before death 
of head of family, 8. 55. 18. 

tomus, 1. 66. 3. 

Tonans, said of Domitian, 7. 99. 1. 

tonare, of epic style, 8. 3. 14. 

Tongilianus, 3. 52. I, 4. 

tonsile porrum, 10. 48. 9; tonsilia 
serta, 5. 64. 4; 6. 80. 8. 

tonsor, 6. 52. Introd. 

toreuma (toreutice), 3. 35. 13 4. 


39. 4; 8. 6. 1. 
torus, 2. 16. 1, 3; ‘bolster’, 4. 8. 6; 
= mensa, lectus, 9. 22.6; = lec- 


tus genialis, 8. 43. 2; (10. 47. 10); 
— vestes stragulae, 12. 17. 8. 
tossing in a blanket, 1. 5. 8. 
traducere, ‘ridicule’, 1. 53. 3. 
trahere, ‘allure’, 8. 50. 25. 
transferre castra, S. 14. 3. 
transferred epithet, 1. 15. 7; 1. 
70. 13; 2. II. 2; 2. 14. 16; 2. 
66. 4; 3. 46. 1; 3. 58. 243 4. 
14. 7; 4. 44. 7; 6. 11. 75 8. 
55. 21; 9. 59. 2; I2. 21. 15,12. 
82. 3-4. 
Transtiberina regio, 1. 41. 3. 
trecenti, trecenties, triceni, of in- 
definite number, 7. 48. 2; 9. 19. 


399 
I; II. 35. 15 3. 22.13 1. 43 1j 
10. 27. 3. 
trees, viduae, caelibes, steriles, 3. 
58. 3. 


tricae: see apinae tricaeque. 

iriceni: see trecenti. 

tricliniarches, 4. 8. 7. 

triens, 5. 39. 1; 8. 50. 24. 

trigon, 12. 82. 3-4. 

triplex... forum = tria fora, 3. 
38. 4. 

Tristitia, 7. 47. 6. 

tritus, of lacerna, 7. 92. 7 ; of toga, 
9. 100. 5. 

triumphus, bantering at, 1. 4. 3-4. 

Triumvirs (first), 1r. 5. 11-12; 
(second), distributed’ lands to 
veterans, 8. 55. 7-8. 

tropa, game of, 4. 14. 9. 

tropis, 12. 82. 11. 

Troy, walls of, built by Apollo 
and Neptune, 8. 6. 6. 

trux, ‘fiery’, ‘spirited’, 3. 58. 10. 

Tryphon, bookseller, 1. 2. 7; 13. 
3. 4- 

zuba, of lofty themes, 8. 3. 21; 8. 
55. 41 Pieria, 11. 3. 8. 

Tucca, 12. 94. 12. 

Tuccius, 3. 14. 1. 

tumidus (magister), 8. 3. 15. 

tumulus, 4. 59.6; 8. 57-25 9. 15. 1; 
6. 52. 1; 7. 96. 6. 

tunica, laticlavia, 10. 5. 1; molesta, 
4. 86. 8; 10. 25. 5; outer gar- 
ment in country, 12. 18. 18. 

turba, 1. 20. 1; 9. 22. 2; IO. IO. 4. 

turdus, 3. 58. 26. 

zurres, on private houses, 3. 58. 18, 
46; for doves, whitewashed, 12. 
31. 6. 

turtur, 3. 58. 19; 3. 60. 7. 


400 


Tusculum, 4. 64. 13; 10. 30. 6, 7; 
roses of, 9. 60. 2; Zusculi colles, 
4. 64. 13. 

Tutilius, 5. 56. 6. 

tuus, ‘favorable’, ‘auspicious’, Io. 
104. 3; Zuzs, 10. 89. 1. 

tympana, 11. 84. 4. 

Tyre, 6. 11. 7. 

Tyrian purple, 2. 16. 3. See purple; 
purpura; Sidon; Tyrianthina; 
Tyre; Zyros. 

Tyrianthina, 1. 53. 5. 

Tyros = purpura, 2. 29. 3; 6. 11. 7. 


ubicumque = ubique, 1. z. 1. 

-um, gen. pl. in, in decl. 1, 12. 29. 6; 
in decl. 4 (for -z), 2. 5. 3. 

Umber, 7. 9o. 3. 

umbilicus, 1. 66. x1. 

umbo, 3. 46. 5. 

umbrae infernae, 11. 5. 13. 

unda = aqua, lympha, 9. 18. 7; 
= stiria, 4. 18. 4. 

unguentum, at comissatio, 3. 12. 1; 
IO. 20. 20; 13. 126. 1; foliatum, 
II. 18. 9. 

unreal condition, indic. in, 5. 34. 
5-6; 8. 32. 3-4. 

urbanitas, Y. 41. Introd., 1. 

urbanus, Y. 9. 1; I. 4I. I. 

Urbicus, 7. 96. 7. 

urbs = Rome, 7. 96. 2. 

usher: see disszgzator. 

usque, ‘continually’, (2.1.8); 6.51. 
3; 9. 48. 4; 12. 82. 12. 

usura, ‘interest’, 5. 42. 3. 

ut, concessive, 2. 41. 4; 11. 80. 2; 
= quas, tanquam, 6. 8o. 1. 

uva — vinea, 10. 74. 11; left to 
ripen on vines, 1. 43. 3; 3. 58. 9. 

uxori nubere, 8. 12. 2. 


GENERAL INDEX 


vacations in schools, Io. 62. 11. 

Vacerra, 8. 69. 1. 

vagari, 12. 29. 8. 

vagus, *unstable', *fast' morally, 
z. 90. 1; 4.14.7; pes, I2. 29. 9; 
(12. 18. 5). 

valere, with inf., 4. 64. 21-22; 8. 
32. 6. 

Valerianus Pollius: see Pollius. 

Valerius Messala: see Messala. 

Valerius Probus: see Probus. 

vanus, 1. 88. 4. 

vapulare, pass. in sense, 10. 62. 9; 
I2. 57. 17. 

Varius Rufus, L., 8. 18.7; 8. 55.21; 
12. 3. 1. 

Varus, Alfenus, 8. 55. 9-10. 

vates vs. poeta, 1. 61. 1; 8. 55. 11; 
IO. 58. 11-12. 

vegetables, food of poor, to. 48. 8. 

vehicles, fancy names for, 4. 64. 19; 
12. 24. Introd. 

Veientanum vinum, commonplace, 
1. 103. 9. 

vel, ‘even’, 5. 49. 5; 6. 70. 43 7. 
17. 5; IO. I3. 7 ; IO. 20. 21; 12. 
21. 4; vel... vel, 8. 18. 2. 

Velabrum, cheese of, 11. 52. Io. 

veles, 5. 24. 1I. 

vena = aqua or lacus, 10. 30. 10. 

Veneresque Cupidinesque, 9. 11. 9; 
1I. 13. 6. 

Venereus iactus, with dice, 13. 1. 6. 

venire (ad cenam), Yo. 48. 5; 12. 
82. 14. 

venison, 3. 58. 28. 

Venter = vesica, 1. 109. 10. 

Venus, 8. 43. 3; cult of, at (near) 
Baiae, r1. 80. 1; and Cythera, 
4- 44. 5; patroness of Pompeii, 
4- 44. 5. 


GENERAL INDEX 


Venus, in pl, 9. 11. 9; 11. 13. 6; 
= meretrix, 1. 103. 10. 

verb,simpleforcompound: see sim- 
ple verb; forms of: see forms. 

Vergilius Maro, P., § 34; 1. 61.2; 
I. 107. 4; 3. 38. 8; 4. 14. 14; 
5. 56. 5; 7.63. 5; 8.18. 5; 8. 55. 
Introd., 6; 8.73.9; 10.21.4; 11. 
52. 18; 12. 3. 1; 12. 67; 14. 186; 
esteemed by Silius Italicus, 4. 
14. Introd.; 11. 48. Introd.; the 
saint of poets, 12.67. 3-5; pocket 
edition of, 14. 186; Carmina Mi- 
nora of, 8. 55. 20; 8. 73. 6; bene- 
factors of, 8. 55. 9-10; lost his 
lands, 8. 55. 7-8; imitated by M., 
8. 55. 7+ 

Verginius Rufus, 7. 49. Introd. 

Verna, 1. 41. 23 2. 90. 9; 3. 58. 22; 
IO. 30. 21; IO. 76. 4; 12. 29. I1; 
as adj., 10. 30. 21. 

vernilitas, 1. 41. Introd., 2. 

vernula, 5. 37. 20. 

Verona, birthplace of Catullus, 1. 
61. 1; 14. 195. I. 

vero verius, 8. 76. 7. 

Verus, gladiator, Lib. Spect. 29. 1. 

Vesbius, Vesvius = Vesuvius, 4. 
44. I. 

vesica, ‘bombast’, 4. 49. 7. 

Vespasianus, forum of, 1. 2. 8. 

Vesta, temple and worship of, 1. 
7o. 3. 

Vesuvius, Mt., 4. 44. Introd. 

Vesvius: see Vesbzus. 

veterans, lands given to, by trium- 
virs, 8. 55. 7-8. 

veteres, of writers, 8. 69. 1. 

vetulus, contemptuous, 8. 6. 1. 

vetus, 8. 14. 7; 8. 18. 5. 

Via Aemilia, 3. 4. 2. 


401 


viae, in theater, 5. 14. 8. 

Via Flaminia, 6. 28. 5; 11. 13. 1. 

Via Lavicana, 1. 88. Introd. 

Via Salaria, 4. 64. 18. 

viator, in epitaphs, II. I3. 1; II. 
QI. 3. 

Vibius Crispus: see Crispus. 

vicarius, 2. 18. 7. 

videre ne, 1O. 20. 12-13. 

viduae, pursued by captatores, 9. 
100. 4; of trees, 3. 58. 3. 

Vienna, in Gallia Narbonensis, 7. 
88. 2, 5. 

vilica, 3. 58. 20; 9. 60. 3; 10. 48. 7. 

vilicus, 9. 60. 3; 10. 48. 7; 12. 18. 
21; as dispensator, 12. 18. 24. 

villas, 3. 58. Introd., 1, 2; 7. 73. 
Introd.; over sea or lake, 10. 30. 
17-18. 

vindicta, Y. 15. 9-10. 

vines, modes of training, 3. 58. 5; 
12. 31. 1-2. 

vinitor, 3. 58. 48. 

vinum, consulare, 7. 79. Introd.; 
picatum, 11. 18. 24; exposed to 
smoke, 12. 82. 11; in pl, 4. 69. 1; 
Opimianum, 7.79.1. See Caecu- 
bum; Falernum; Setinum; wine. 

violare, ‘spoil the beauty of’, 1. 
53. 6. 

Vipsaniae columnae, 4.18. 1; Vipsa- 
nis = Vipsaniis, 4. 18. 1. 

vir = maritus, 4. 75. 4; 7. 88. 4i 
9. 15. I. 

virgo, used as adj., 1. 66. 7. 

Virgo = Aqua Virgo, 4. 18. 1; 5. 
20. 9. 

viridarium, 9. 61. 5. 

vis with subjv., 1.17. 2; 2. 7. 8; 8. 
23.41 I2. 17. 10; vis or vis tu, with 
inf., = command, ro. 83. 9. 


402 


vispillo, 1. 47. 2 

vita, ‘a life full of enjoyment’, 
1.15.4; 5. 20. 4; 6. 70. 10, 15; 
12. 57. 4; 8. 3. 20. See vivere. 

vitrea fracta: see fracta vitrea. 

vivereé, Y. Y5. I2; I. 103, 12; z. go. 
3; (5. 20. 11); 12. 18. 26. 

vivus, ‘natural’, not artificial, 2. 
9o. 8. 

vocare, ‘invite’ (to dinner); I. 20. 1; 
I. 43. I; 3. 58. 41; 3. 60. 1; 6. 
51. 3i II. 35. I. 

vocator, 7. 86. 11. 

volitive subjunctive: see subjunc- 
tive. 

volo, with subjv., I. 117. 2. 

volumen, 1. z. Introd.; 3. z. 7- r1. 

volumes, handy, 1. 2. Introd, 2; 
14. 186; 14. 188; 14. Igo. 


water-clock, 4. 8. Introd. 

‘whiter than snow’, 2. 29. 4; 5. 37. 
6; 12. 82. 7. See nix. 

white stones, days marked with, 
9. 42. 4-5. 


GENERAL INDEX 


will and testament, 5. 39. 1; 6.63. 3. 

window-gardens, t1. 18. 2. 

wine, mixed with ice or snow, 2. t. 
9-10; 5. 64. 2; 12. 17. 6; old, 7. 
79: 1; exposed to smoke: see 
Vinum ; used to irrigate //aazus, 
9. 61. 16. See also amphora; 
comissatio; vinum. 

wish, subjv. of: see subjunctive; 
non with, 5. 34. 9; 7. 96. 8. 

woman, learned, avoided, 2. 9o. 9; 
property rights of, 4. 75. 3. 

wool, 5. 37. 7-8. See Baetica; 
Canusium; Corduba; Galaesus; 
Gallia Cisalpina; Parma ; Taren- 
tum. 

word-order, 1. 1. 3; 1. 16.2; 1. 43. 14; 
II. 91. 9-10. See conjunction; 
et; juxtaposition; preposition. 


Xenia, 13. 1. Introd. 
Zmyrna, poem, Io. 21. 4. 


Zoilus, 2. 16. Introd. ; 2. 19; 2. 58; 
II. 92; 12. 54.