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ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY
AT
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
3 1924 051 160 517
Cornell University
Library
The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924051160517
AN ILLUSTRATED.
DescrIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF THE
COLEOPTERA OR BEETLES
(EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA)
KNOwN TO OccuR IN INDIANA
Wiru BietioGRAPHY AND Descriprions oF New SPECIES
By W. S. BLaTcHLey
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
AGRICDLTT
6 ead
DIBRARYT
<—pa> -*
INDIANAPOLIS:
THE NATURE PUBLISHING (0.
INTRODUCTION.
uf all the many forms of life which exist upon the surface of
this old earth of ours, and which are our daily companions for good
or ill during our few years’ stay thereon, none are more numerous
or less known than insects. Not only are they abundant as indi-
viduals, but the number of species is many fold greater than that
of all other animals taken together. Both on Jand and in water they
occur by millions, yet the life history of even the house-fly is known
to but few. Many are the worst enemies with which the farmer
has to contend, while others are to him worth far more than their
weight in gold, yet to most farmers the beneficial and the injurious
are as one, because he has no way of telling them apart. Not only
from his wheat and corn, his grass and trees, his fruit and vege-
tables do the injurious ones take toll, but on his carpets, his clothes
and even his blood they prey. More than six hundred millions of
dollars is the average loss they entail to agriculture in the United
States alone each vear, yet not one farmer in thirty knows the
names of a score of different kinds.
The reason of this ignorance is not hard to understand. The
first thing which a boy, a girl, or even a man or woman asks about
something is, ‘‘What is it?’’? ‘‘What is its name?’’ If nobody
can tell them its name or even its position among and relation to
.the other things about them, they soon forget and ignore it for all
time to come, unless by its preying upon them or on their property
it causes such harm or loss as to cause them to give it a name of their
own. Some of their neighbors may also suffer loss or injury by the
same form of life and they may give it a wholly different name.
This may continue until the same thing, insect or whatsoever it be.
may have half a dozen or more common names. In time. however,
a scientist, or one with more knowledge of that particular group of
living things, comes along and recognizes that what is known by one
name in one place is the same thing called by another name some-
where else. He assigns a technical name, provided one has not al-
ready been given it by some other scientist, and shows its place
among and relation to all of its kind. If he ean do this in such a
way that the boy or girl, or the farmer ean understand, they will,
in future, he able to use the right name when talking or writing
about that particular object of nature. ;
(2)
NEED OF LITERATURE ON COLEOPTERA. 3
The name, the place which it holds among other objects of na-
ture, its relation to them and through them to mankind, is there-
fore the primary or essential knowledge concerning any bird, insect
or plant which the true student of nature should desire. He can
get the name and its place in nature only through books prepared
by the scientist, and if these are lacking his study of nature is most
seriously handicapped.
For 25 years the collecting and study of the beetles of Indiana
has been one of the hobbies to which I have given much spare time.
Happiest those days in which I have wandered far and wide through
field and woodland, adding here and there some specimen before un-
seen, noting now and again some life habit, some food-plant or place
of retreat, before unobserved. Ever and always, however, have I
felt the need of some one work to which I could refer, some manual
or descriptive list by which I could locate the name and place of
the specimens at hand. Since the beetles or Coleoptera form one of
the most abundant and attractive groups of insects and are easily
collected and preserved, thev would furnish a favorite subject for
study, especially in high schools, could they only be easily named
and placed. But the literature through which their original de-
scriptions are scattered comprises hundreds of papers and books,
many of which have been out of print for vears. The student,
therefore, who becomes interested and attempts their study soon
gives it up as a hopeless task, unless he has access for reference to
some large named collection, or can secure aid from specialists in
some locality where such collection is located. Having, as above
stated, experienced for years the need of a descriptive work which
included the species found in Indiana and adjoining States. and
having possessed myself at much cost and labor with most of the
scattered literature pertaining to the group, J have prepared the
present paper, not for specialists in Coleoptera, but for beginners,
a few of whom, I trust, may in time become enough interested to
devote their lives to the ever-pleasing, health-giving and inspirine
study of Nature. That many mistakes have crept into it there is
no doubt, but it is offered as the best that I can give with the facili-
ties at hand.
The paper is in very great part based upon species which I have
seen from Indiana. These are in my private collection, or if not
there represented, are in the collections of A. B. Wolcott of Chicago,
R. L. Webster of Ames, Iowa, or Chas. Dury of Cincinnati, who
have loaned me specimens from time tv time. In a very few in-
4 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
stances, all of which are noted in the text, I have included well
recognized species described by Thomas Say from Indiana, ex-
amples of which I have not seen from the State. Mr. Say was, from
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Sketch map of Indiana, showing the life zones of the State and the localities (marked by
x’s) in which collecting has been done. The Upper Austral life zone, represented by the Caro-
linian fauna, covers the entire State, overlapping the Transition Tlife zone represented by the
Alleghanian fauna in the north and the Lower Austral life zone,*represented by the Austro-
riparian fauna in the south. 7
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF AID RECEIVED. a)
1820 to 1834, the most noted of American Entomologists, and for
much of that time resided at New Harmony, Posey County, Indi-
ana, where much of his writing was done and where, doubtless, most
of his species mentioned as ‘‘from Indiana’’ were taken.
From the accompanying map of the State it will be seen that
the collection has been made from so many different localities as to
make it a fairly representative one. Wherever a species has been
taken in more than five widely separated counties they are not
mentioned in detail, but the phrases ‘‘throughout the State,’’
‘‘throughout the northern half of the State,’’ ete., are used.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—To one situated, as I have been, far from
any great reference collection, such a paper would not have been
possible had it not been for the aid, usually freely given,* which I
have received from noted students and specialists in Coleoptera,
throughout the country. To many of these, specimens have been
sent for examination, verification or naming. Those to whom espe-
cial acknowledgments are due are: Chas. Dury, of Cincinnati, one
of the most enthusiastic and successful of naturalists, who has col-
lected beetles for 40 years, and yet seems good for 40 more. He
has helped me out with many a species and his collection has added
a number to my list from the State. Chas. Liebeck, of Philadelphia,
compared and verified many specimens with those in the Horn
collection in that city. Frederick Blanchard, of Tyngsboro, Massa-
chusetts, one of the most careful and experienced of American Cole-
opterists, passed the Haliplide in review and compared many other
species with the Leconte types at Harvard. H.C. Fall and Dr. A.
Fenyes, both of Pasadena, California, are specialists, respectively,
of Ptinide and Aleocharine, and both have given me much aid in
those groups. Mr. Fall has also helped me with some of the Silph-
ide and Staphylinide. Chas. W. Leng of New York City has
passed in review the species of Cychrus and Donacia, an.) also veri-
fied numerous other species which have been sent him from time to
time. John B. Smith of New Brunswick, New Jersey, veiified all
*An er.ception must be made of a well known Coleopterist whose collection doubtless
contains many specimens from Indiana, When I asked the privilege of looking through it
for the purpose of making notes on these, he wrote: ‘I can not admit anyone to my collec-
tions for the purpose mentioned, for my specimens are delicately mounted and in places over-
crowded, and the resulting damage would be great.’’ When also asked to verify some speci-
meas of Phalacride, he wrote: ‘Il am too busy to undertake the identification of small
species in groups which I have monographed. I have made my descriptions clear and it
seems to me that you can make the identifications with the expenditure of your own time.
It is surely not a source of much satisfaction to me to find that a monograph, upon which I
have put much time and labor, will not serve the purpose for which it was intended, i. e., to
permit others to identify their material.”
6 COLEOPTERA OTF INDTANA.
doubtful specimens of Mordellide, of which family he has made a.
special study. Frederick Knab of the U. 8. National Museum at
Washington went over the MSS. and doubtful species of Chryso-
melide, and also compared for me many other species with the
types in the museum collection. A. B. Wolcott of the Field Mu-
seum of Natural History, Chicago, a specialist in Cleride, prepared
the MSS. for that family. Mr. Wolcott has also collected for years
in the northern part of Lake County, Indiana, especially in the
sand-dune region bordering Lake Michigan. All his Indiana ma-
terial was turned over to me for examination and furnished many
species which would otherwise not have been recorded from the
State. J. D. Hood of Urbana, Illinois, who has made a special
study of the sexual organs of Lachnosterna, passed in review my
species of that genus. Chas. A. Hart of the Illinois Museum of
Natural History, has kindly secured for me the loan of numerous
volumes from the library of that museum. To Dr. E. A. Schwarz
of Washington, D. C., and H. F. Wickham of Iowa City, Iowa, I
am also indebted for favors shown.
Nor must I forget the memory of Dr. F. Stein of Indianapolis,
with whom I spent many an hour going over and classifying speci-
mens. Dr. Stein had a large and varied assortment of beetles from
different parts of the United States, a portion of which came into
my hands some years after his death. The pin labels bearing the
abbreviation ‘‘Ind.’’ were, however, few, and the dates of capture
wholly lacking. For that reason very few, if any, of his specimens
have been considered in the present list, though doubtless many of
the unlabeled ones came from this State.
Harold Morrison of Indianapolis, (. C. Deam and E. B. William-
son of Bluffton, Dr. Robert Hessler of Logansport, and Mr. and
Mrs. Max Ellis of Bloomington, have, from time to time, taken and
turned over to me numerous specimens, which have either added to
the species’of the collection or aided much in showing their distribu-
tion within the State.
RELATION OF A BEETLE TO OTHER ANIMALS.
If we compare the body of a beetle with that of any vertebrate
animal, as a fish, bird or squirrel, we find at once great and import-
ant differences. The vertebrate is an animal with an inner bony
skeleton, two pairs of jointed limbs or appendages, and breathes by
means of lungs or gills, according as it dwells in air or water. The
THE CLASSES OF ARTHROPODA. 7
beetle is an animal which has no inner skeleton or bones whatever,
but only a hard crust on the surface which surrounds the muscles
and vital organs. This crust is composed of separate rings, placed
end to end.
Animals whose bodies are thus composed of rings are called Ar-
ticulata. They are in turn divided into two great groups, the
Vermes and the Arthropoda. The Vermes (worms) have all the
rings composing the body very nearly alike, not hardened into an
outer crust or exoskeleton, and without paired limbs which are
jointed. The Arthropods have a part of the rings bearing paired
jointed appendages, and have the cuticle or outer surface consisting
largely of a peculiar substance called ‘‘chitin,’’ which is secreted or
exuded by the cells which compose the cuticle. Chitin itself is in-
soluble and is not composed of cells, but consists of fine, irregular
plates. It hardens the cuticle and thus aids the latter in protecting
the delicate vital organs within, and also in forming a framework
to which the muscles of movement may be attached. Between the
joints the cuticle is devoid of chitin and is thin, delicate and flex-
ible, thus allowing the necessary freedom of motion.
The Arthropoda are divided into four classes, as follows:
(a) Crustacea (erayfish, lobster, etc.), mostly aquatic; having
the head and thorax usually united and distinct from the abdomen ;
breathing by means of gills or directly through the skin, the exo-
skeleton with carbonate and phosphate of lime in addition to chitin.
(b) <Aruchnida (spiders, mites, ete.), terrestrial; head and
thorax usually combined, and bearing four pairs of legs; breathing
by means of trachee.
(ce) Myriapoda (myriapods, centipedes, etv.), terrestrial; usu-
ally worm-like, with only the head distinct; legs numerous; breath-
ing by means of trachee.
(d) Insecta (grasshoppers, flies, beetles, etc.), in great part
terrestrial; legs six; adults usually with one or two pairs of wings;
breathing by a system of tubes called trachew, which branch and
ramify through every portion of the bedy, and which open exter-
nally in about ten places on each side of the body instead of at the
front end. The rings of the hody are grouped in three regions;
the head, the thorar and the abdomen. In general it may be said
that the head contains or bears the organs of sense and of pre-
hension and mastication of food; the thorax the organs of locomo-
tion, and the abdomen those of reproduction.
8 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA,
THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF A BEETLE.
Having thus seen that a beetle belongs to the class Insecta, it is
thought best, before giving its relation to the other orders of that
class, to describe briefly the external parts of a typical specimen.
The beginner may thus the more
readily grasp the name and loca-
tion of the parts used in classifica-
tion, as well as the meaning of
many of the technical terms which,
of necessity, have to be used in such
a paper. The three regions of the
body, the head, the thorax and the
abdomen, will therefore be consid-
ered in order.
THe HeEAD AND Its APPENDAGES.
The front part of the body, the
head, is composed of three or more
rings or segments, completely fused
or compacted into a single hard box
or cavity called the emcranium.
This contains the brain and acces-
sory ganglia, the mouth cavity and
the muscles moving the mandibles,
antenne and other sense organs
borne on the outer surface.
The heads of beetles vary great-
ly in shape and size, and are joined
by a membrane to the thorax. Usu-
ally the portion behind the eyes is
more or less constricted into a neck,
which may be very long and nar-
row, or short and partly or wholly
immersed in the thorax. The up-
per part of the head is divided into
three regions, the back part being
called the occiput, the middle part
behind the eyes the werter, while
prosternal
epimeron
mesosternal
ehimeron
Fig. 1. Under surface and head from
above of beetle (Hurpalus caliginosus) show-
ing the different parts. (After Smith.)
the frontal portion, as far down as a more or less prominent trans-
verse suture between or in front of the antenne, is called the front.
This suture is known as the clypcal or frontal suture, and its pres-
ence or absence, position, depth, etc., is often used in classification.
MOUTH AND MOUTESS PARTS OF A BEETLE. 9
Oftentimes, and especially in the vreater number of Rhyncho-
phora or snout beetles (not included in this paper), the front is
prolonged so that the distance between the eyes and mouth parts is
greater in length than the rest of the head. This prolonged por-
tion is called the rostrum or beak, and it usually has on each outer
side a groove or scrobe, varying much in length and used for the
reception of the long basal joints of the antennew when in repose.
In most beetles the front is short and the portion in front of the
suture is called the clypeus. This varies much in form and size,
being sometimes prolonged so as to extend over the mouth. When
small it is by some authors called the epistoma. Its form, texture
and the character of its front margin, whether dentate, sinuate,
truncate, etc., are much used in classification, especially in the fam-
ily Scarabeide.
The under surface of the head in front is variably excavated to
form the mouth. The parts beneath the eyes and behind the man-
dibles forming the side borders of the mouth are the gent or cheeks.
From the opening of the mouth two seams or sutures may usually
be observed running backwards. These are the gular sutures, and
they often converge at middle but separate at either end.
The Mouth und Mouth Parts. In front of or below the clypeus
and above the mouth there is usually a small movable flap, called
the labrum or upper lip. It is variable in form, is joined to the
elypeus and is sometimes almost or completely hidden by the latter.
In the majority of Rhynchophora the labrum is entirely wanting.
Immediately below the labrum are the jaws or mandibles. They
also vary much in shape and size but are usually curved, often
toothed on the inner side, and, in certain males, especially those of
the Lucanidxw, are long and often bear prongs, thus resembling
somewhat the antlers of a deer. In a number of genera, as those of
some Carabide, the mandibles have a groove or scrobe on the outer
side, and this often bears a large puncture from which arises an
erect seta or bristle-like hair. The mandibles of beetles are so
formed and attached to the epicranium as to move only in and out
or to and from a median line. They are used for prehending, cut-
ting, tearing and crushing the food; also often for defense, and
rarely as clasping organs. Their range of action is often increased
by movements of the entire head, which are permitted by the loose
union of the head and thorax.
Attached to the sides of the head just below or behind the man-
dibles is a pair of aiding or accessory jaws called maria, Faeh
10 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA,
ene consists of two basal pieces and three outer parts. The first or
lower one of the former is called the cardo, and is
used to hinge the other parts of the maxille to the
head. The second, the stipes, is jointed to the
-ardo usually at a more or less acute angle, and
forms a place of support for the outer parts. These
consist of two lobcs and one ma.cillary palpus. The
lobes vary much in form and sometimes one or the
other is so small as to be indistinct. The outer one,
Harpe linen % the galea, is often slender and divided into two
(After Smith.) jeints like a palpus. The inner lobe, known as the
lacinia, is more or less jaw-like and its inner margin is armed with
flexible or stiff bristles, spines or teeth which are variable in form
and often used as brushes by pollen-eatiny beetles. The maridlary
valpus (plural palpi) avises from an upper segment of the stipes,
called the palpifer. The palpi are usually 4-jomted, rarely 3-
jointed (in the genus Aleochara alone 5-jointed). The joints vary
ereatly in size and form and are therefore much used in classifica-
tion. The fourth one is most variable, sometimes being broad and
oval or subquadrate, more often triangular. or hatchet-shaped.
When suddenly narrowed and more slender than the preceding, the
palpi are said to be subulate or awl-shaped. The development and
shape of the maxilla of beetles, as of other insects, depend very
largely upon the nature of the food, as those organs serve not only
to seize and hold the food in the mouth, but also as accessory jaws,
aiding the mandibles in rendering the food more suitable for swal-
lowing. Their palpi are not only organs of touch, but in many
cases act as hands in prehending and carrying morsels of food to the
mouth.
The floor of the mouth beneath and between the maxille is
formed of two small pic: es called the mentum and the labium. The
mentum is joined to the gu/a or throat, which is the region behind
or below the mouth, the suture between them being the mental su-
. ture. The mentum varies greatly in form and size and is often
notched cr emarginate in front, with a tooth at the middle of the
emarginaticn. When deeply notched the side-pieces are called lobes.
The labium is usually in front of the mentum or in the notch
between the lobes; rarely it is almost entirely hidden. It is com-
posed of three parts, a central piece, the ligula, and two side-pieces
called the paraglossa. The labium is often wholly horn-like in tex-
ture, in which case the paraglossa are not distinct. In such case the
THE EYES OF A BEETLE. 11
terms ligula and labium are often used synonymously. However, in
the descriptions which follow, the term ligula is used to designate
the piece in front of the mentum bearing the labial palpi. These
palpi are usually 3-jointed (in certain Staphylinids 2- or even 4-
jointed). The terminal joint is often of the same form as that of
the maxillary palpi, and offers in many cases important characters
used in classification. Both mentum and labium form an under lip
which prevents the food from falling backwards out of the mouth
and, with the aid of the maxillw, pass it forward to be crushed be-
tween the mandibles, the two sets of appendages thus acting much
as the tongue of vertebrates.
The Eyes. The eyes of beetles vary greatly in size and shape,
and each is composed of a large number of facets or simple lenses
in each of which a single filament of the optic nerve ends. These
lenses also vary much in size, and the terms ‘‘coarsely granulated’’
and ‘‘finely granulated’’ are used to denote this variation. In the
family Gyrinide and in the genus Oberea the eyes are wholly di-
vided, two being above and two ou the lower surface of the head.
thus enabling the beetle to see upward and downward at the same
time. In many species of Cerambycide and other families they
are often deeply notched or emarginate, either in front or on one or
the other of the sides. Rarely they are wholly wanting; rarely,
also, as in certain Staphylinids, there are one or two simple eyes or
single lenses called ocelli located on the back part of the vertex, be-
tween the compound ones.
In the Cicindelide and many of the Carabidw, the head bears,
in addition to the regular pubescence, rather long, erect sete or
bristle-like hairs, which arise from special punctures located above
and close to the inner margin of the eyes. These are known as
supraorbital sete.
The Antenne. The principal appendages attached to the head
are the antennw. They vary greatly in form, point of insertion,
and number of joints, and these characters are much used in celassi-
fication. In the true Coleoptera they are inserted in front of or
more rarely between the eyes, often under the side margin of the
front. In the Rhynchophora they are borne upon some portion of
the beak. The number of joints varies from two in Adranes to 25
or 27 in Prionus, the usual number being 11. The basal joints are
usually less pubescent and of a firmer texture than the outer ones.
In the latter the surface is usually more or less covered with minute
pores which increase greatly the sensitive area. In those genera in
12 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
which the antenne end in an abrupt club the pores are confined to
its surface; in most cases, however, they are generally scattered
over all except the basal joints.
The principal forms of antennx are as follows:
(a) Filiform or thread-like, where the joints are cylindrical
and the outer ones not or scarcely enlarged.
(b) Setaceous or bristle-like, where the joints are oradually
more slender to the tip.
(c) Capillary or hair-like, where the joints are long, slender
and very loosely united.
Fig. 3. Serrate antenne and modifications: 1, serrate; 2, pectinate; 3, bipectinate; 4, flabellate;
5, plumose; 6, 7, 8, irregularly serrate. (After LeConte and Horn.)
(d) Moniliform or bead-like, when the joints are of nearly
uniform size and rounded, thus resembling a string of beads.
(e) Serrate or saw-like, when the joints are triangular and
compressed, presenting therefore a saw-tooth-like outline on the
front margin.
(f) Pectinate or ecomb-like, when the joints are short, with
their front angles much prolonged.
(g) Bipectinate, when each joint has a comb-like tooth on each
side.
(h) Flabellate or fan-like, when the prolongations from the
joints are very long compared with the antenne, and fold together
like a fan.
* (t) Plumose or feather-like, when the prolongations are long,
slender and flexible.
(j) Clavate or club-like, where the outer joints are more or
less enlarged, but not triangular or leaf-like. This is among beetles
_ the most common form of antennae, and it grades gradually into
. most of the other types.
THE ANTENNA OF A BEETLE. 13
(k) Capitate or head-like, when the outer joints are suddenly
larger, forming a compact rounded club.
Fig. 4. 1-10, Forms of clavate antenna; 11, capillary and verticillate; 12, moniliform; 13, 14,
15, lamellate; 16, irregular. (After LeConte and Horn.)
(1) Lamellate, a form of clavate antenne in which the outer
joints are leaf-like plates which may be brought closely in contact,
thus forming a transverse or rarely rounded elub, supported at one
side by the stem of the antenne.
The antenne are said to be geniculate or elbowed when the sec-
ond joint is attached to the first in such a way as to make an obtuse
angle, the joints after the second following in the same line as the
latter. In this form the first or basal joint is usually much longer
and is called the scape. When the antenna is both geniculate and
capitate, the joints between the scape and club are together called
the funicle.
The antennal groovcs are concave, usually elongate and narrow
areas on the under side of the head or prosternum, in which the an-
tenna are concealed or placed in repose. When on the under side
of the head they usually are close to the eye and converge on the
gula.
The antennv of beetles are supposed to be primarily organs of
smell, but also bear nerves of touch. In a number of species they
are put to other uses; it being said that certain Cerambycids in
walking along a slender twig use them as a rope-walker does his
balancing pole; while those of certain aquatic forms are used in
connection with respiration, and those of the male Jeloe as clasping
organs.
14 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
Tuer THORAX AND ITs APPENDAGES.
The second division or middle region of the body of an insect is
called the thorax and consists of three rings or segments, known
respectively as the prothorax, mesothorax and metathoraz. Within
these rings are located the muscles moving the legs and wings, as
well as some of the digestive organs, while attached to their upper
surface are the wings and to the lower one the three pairs of legs.
The Prothorax. In the beetles the prothorax or front ring is
separated from the other two and is usually freely movable. It con-
sists of a dorsal or upper surface of but one piece and a ventral or
lower part of five pieces. The upper part is often called the pro-
notum, but in this paper it is termed the thora.r, since it is the
median one of the three body parts visible from above. In the dif-
ferent species of beetles it varies greatly in size and sculpture, and
these variations are very extensively used in classification.
The dorsal surface is called the disk, and this is usually sep-
arated from the inflexed portion or flanks by a sharp edge or acute
margin. The relative width and length of the disk, the form of its
front and hind angles, the presence or absence of a median im-
pressed line and of impressions or fovew, the form, size and density
of the punctures when present, are but a few of the many points
pertaining to the thorax which are used in the description of a
beetle.
The Prosternum. The central part of the under surface of the
prothorax is the prosternum. It is situated in front of the coxx
of the first pair of legs and often has a process or spine which ex-
tends backward between these coxie, its tip sometimes, as in the
Elateride, fitting into a notch or groove in the mesosternum. The
prosternum is sometimes prolonged in front to form a prosternal
lobe, which more or less conceals the mouth when the head is in re-
pose. On either side of the prosternum and between its side mar-
gin and the flank of the pronotum (or thorax), are one or two
‘‘side-pieces.’? When both pieces are present the front one is called
the episternum (plural episterna), and the hind one the epimeron
(plural epimera). Most frequently the sutures or seams between
these pieces and also between them and the flank of the pronotum
are wanting, so that the disk and flanks of thorax form one un-
broken piece as far as the side of the prosternum. The sutures
separating the prosternum and the side-pieces are more often pres-
ent and are known as the prosternal sutures.
The cavities in which the first pair of legs are inserted are called
THE FRONT COXAL CAVITIES OF A BEETLE. 15
the front coral cavities and are either ‘‘entire’’? when they are en-
closed behind by the junction of the prosternum and the epimera
(the episterna never reaching the coxal cavities proper), or are
‘open behind’’ when a space is left protected only by a membrane.
They are “‘separate’’ when the prosternum extends between them,
or ‘‘confluent’’ when it is not visible between them.
Fig. 4a, p, indicates the prosternum; cc, the coxal cavities; es, the thoracic side-
pieces. Ina the coxal cavities are widely cpen behind and confluent; in b they are
narrowly open behind and separate; in ¢ they are closed behind and separate.
(After Wickham.)
Lhe Meso- and Metathorar, The middle or second thoracic seg-
ment is called the mesothorar, and in the beetles is very closely
united with the third or hindmost one, the metathorax. These two
form the trunk or main body of the insect, and support on their un-
der surface the middle and hind legs and on the sides above the
inner wings and elytra. The upper surface of these two segments
is for the most part covered by the elytra and therefore invisible.
It consists of four pieces, only one of which, the scutelliwm, a small,
shield-shaped or triangular plate, is usually visible from above be-
tween the bases of the elytra. The mesothorax is much reduced in
size, its chief function being to support the elytra and to help keep
them together by means of its scutellum.
The ventral or lower portions of these segments consist of the
same pieces as the prothorax, viz., the mesosieruum with its side-
pieces or episterna and epimera, and the meclasternum, with the
same. These pieces are usually distinct, except that the two of each
segment are often united to form a single piece. The suture which
separates the side-pieces of the mesosternum froin those of the me-
tasternum is always present. The form and size of these side-pieves
is a character much used in classification.
The Wings. The great majority of adult beetles possess two
pairs of wings. The first or outer pair, known as the elytra (sin-
cular elytron), or wing covers, are present, except in a few females
of the family Lampyride, are horn-like in texture and vary greatly
in shape and sculpture. They are attached to the mesothorax and
usually cover the upper surface of the abdomen, but in many genera
[2—23402]
16 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
are much shorter, leaving several segments of the abdomen exposed.
Almost always they fit closely together in a straight line along the
middle, this line of junction being called the suture. Rarely they
are somewhat separated near the tips, when they are said to be
dehiscent. Their outer front angle or shoulder is known as the
humerus (plural humeri). As in the thorax, the sides of the elytra
are often separated from the upper portion or disk by an acute
margin, beneath which a portion of each elytron is inflexed. Lying
next to the edge or margin is a piece of varying width and some-
times extending from base to apex known as the epipleura. The en-
tire inflexed portion is often, but wrongly, called the epipleura.
The tips or apiecs of the elytra vary greatly in shape, sometimes
being truneate, more often rounded and rarely ending in sharp
points or even spines. Oftentimes the side margins are more or
less deeply sinuate near the tips.
The sculpture of the elytra is much used in classification. Very
often the disk is marked with longitudinal impressed lines or fine
narrow grooves called strie. An elytron so marked is said to be
striate. The space between any two of these striew is termed an
interval. When the strie are fine and shallow, the intervals are
usually flat or nearly so; when deep and rather wide, the intervals
are more or less convex. Very often the striw are punctate, i. e.,
marked by rows of punctures or impressed dots. The intervals are
also often punctate or punctulate, the latter term meaning that the
punctures are very fine. When the punctures are absent from
strie or intervals they are said to be smooth or impunctate. When
the punctures are not in rows but seattered here and there over the
surface of the elytron they are termed irregular or confused.
In addition to the ordinary punctures above noted, or often
when the elytron is otherwise smooth there may be present one or
more larger impressions called dorsal puncturcs. These are usually
somewhere between the suture and the third stria, though they may
be anywhere on the disk. Quite often the entire upper surface of
the elytra (as well as that of either or both the head and the thorax)
may be seen under a lens to be very finely reticulated or covered
with minute cracks like the human skin. The surface is then said
to be alutaccous. When densely alutacveous the surface is generally
more or less opaque. In addition to the forms of sculpture above
mentioned the elytra may be granulate, or covered with many mi-
nute elevations; tuberculate, or with fewer and larger elevations.
They may also be pitted, foveate or impressed in many ways. In
addition to the sculpture they, as well as other parts of the body,
THE LEGS OF A BEETLE. 17
may be either sparsely. moderately or thickly clothed with hairs or
pubescence, which may be prostrate, suberect or erect in position.
‘When the pubescence is wholly absent and the surface bare they are
said to be glabrous.
The hind pair, known as the inner or true wings, of beetles are
membranous and attached to the metathorax. They are usually so
arranged as to form a joint near the apex so that the entire wing
can be folded under the elytra. In some species with short wing-
covers the inner wings extend straight along the dorsal surface of
the abdomen. Frequently they are abbreviated or wholly absent,
in which case the metasternum is usually short and the elytra «lose-
Iv united or connate along the suture.
The Legs. As already noted the three pairs of legs possessed
by the mature beetle are joined respectively to the under surface
of the pro-, meso- and metasterna. The first joint of cach leg, or
that by which it is attached, is called the cora (plural
core). These vary much in shape and size and their
form is therefore of great importance in classification.
The front coxal cavities are formed by the prosternum
and its epimera or side-pieces. The middle coxe are
surrounded by the meso- and metasterna and, in some
Carabide, by the epimera of the former. The hind
cox are placed between the metasternum and the
first segment of the abdomen.
At the outer end of the coxa and between it and
the femur is a small piece called the trochantcr. This
is usually situated in the axis of the thigh and varies
much in form, being more or less obliquely cut off.
The first long piece of the leg is the thigh or femur
(plural femora); following it is the shank or tibia
(plural tibi« ), the junction of the two being called the
knee. Both of these may be more or less toothed or
spined and the tibia usually bear at their outer or
lower extremity one or two movable spines called
tibial spurs. Attached to the tibie is the foot or
tarsus (plural furst), consisting of from one to five Nig dey cet
pieces placed end to end, though sometimes overlap 4 beetls Coawme
um. c, cOXa;
1 10] tr, trochanter; /,
ping. The number and form of these tarsal joints (trochanter | /.
= es Ni ee 4 7 eo Ibi e ps
varies exceedingly. The greatest number is fiv : es tral one oe
i 1 rs it is - ‘kin n sal claws.
when one disappears it is usually lacking on all the (ci com.)
tarsi. However, in one large group, the Hetcromera,
the front and middle tarsi each have five joints, while the hind ones
18 GOLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
have but four. Sometimes the number of joints varies in the sexes
of the same species.
In form the tarsal joints may be slender and cylindrical, com-
pressed, flattened and dilated, globular, triangular or cordiform.
Frequently the next to last joint is notched or even bilobed. In
some genera the under side of one or more of the joints bear mem-
branous flaps called tarsal lobes. Usually, however, the under side
is clothed with spines, hairs, spongy pubescence or small scales.
Oftentimes the nature of this lower covering varies according to sex.
The front or middle tarsi, or both, are often dilated in the male,
and simple, or not dilated, in the female of the same species.
The last joint of the tarsus bears two claws, often called ungues,
but in this paper termed tarsal claws. They also vary much in size
and shape and the character of their lower edge. They are usually
free and independently movable, but are sometimes united at base
or even nearly to the tip, when they are said to be connate. Other
terms apphed to them are (a) simple, when they have the ordinary
pointed form slightly but not suddenly broader at base; (b) diver-
gent, when without being distant at base they diverge slightly; (c)
dvaricate, when they arise from opposite sides of the joint and
form a right angle with it; (d) cleft, when each claw is deeply di-
vided into two acute parts which may or may not be of equal length;
(ce) bifid, when the tip only is divided; (f) appendiculate, when
provided with a square dilatation at the base; (g) toothed or ser-
rate, when they bear one or more acute teeth on the lower edge;
(h) pectinate, when the teeth are long, numerous and arranged like
those of a comb; (i) chelate, when the claws are capable of being
drawn back upon the last tarsal joint and thus enable the beetle to
vrasp more firmly small twigs or leaves. Between the claws there
often oceurs a small pad or flap which is more or less retractile.
ealled the onychium, One of the claws is often much smaller than
the other and rarely one or even both of them are absent.
THE ABDOMEN,
The third or hindmost portion of the body is called the abdomen.
It consists of nine or ten rings or segments placed end to end, the
hasal one being attached to the metathorax. Of these but five to
seven are usually visible, the others being retracted or coalescent at
base and tip. These rings are divided into two portions, the upper
or dorsal segments more or less covered by the elytra, and the lower
or ventral segments visible beneath. These dorsal and ventral seg-
ments are joined by membrane along the sides ahove, the next to last
THE ABDOMEN OF A BEETLE. 19
pair heing usually more firmly united. On raising the elytra the
number of dorsal segments visible is almost always greater than
those below, and in most cases their texture is less dense and often
membranous.
The breathing pores or spiracles, opening into the trachee or air
tubes, are located in the connecting membrane or in the upper in-
flexed portion of the ventral segments; an additional spiracle is
also usually located on the under side of the prothorax behind the
outer limit of the coxal cavity.
The anal opening is located between the last dorsal and the last
ventral and just below it is the genital opening. Each side of this
are horny valves, sometimes of very complex structure, termed the
genital armature.
Where the dorsal segments are uot covered by the elytra, the
last one is called the pygidium and the next to last the propygidian.
The ventral segments may be either entirely free, so that the abdo-
men is flexible, as in the Staphylinidwv, or they may be more or less
closely united so that the last one alone is movable. The cross su-
tures connecting them are usually plainly visible. Both they and
the dorsal segments are, however, often punctured or otherwise
sculptured, and pubescent, as is also the under surface in front of
the abdomen.
Stridulating organs, used for producing sound or sexual calls,
are present in a number of species, but are much less common and
more simple than in the Orthoptera. They usually consist of fine
wrinkles or ridges placed side by side, and the sound is produced by
rubbing over these some other nearby portion of the body. For the
most part these ridges are located upon some one of the abdominal
segments and are rubbed hy either the elyéra or the hind legs.
The above constitute the more important external parts of a
beetle, the characters of which are used in determining its name and
position among the members of the order Coleoptera. As already
seen, these different parts vary much in size and form, but the
names above given to them apply as well to the members of one
family as to those of another. Many other descriptive terms will
also be found in the pages which follow. but they, for the most part,
will be self-explanatory, or will be defined in the accompanying
glossary. By referring to such figures as are given and by observ-
ing very carefully the parts of the specimen in hand, the beginner
need have but little hesitation in deciding as to whether the deserip-
tion agrees with that specimen.
20 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
RELATIONS OF THE BEETLES OR COLEOPTERA TO OTHER
INSECTS.
All true insects can be separated into one of two great groups,
based upon the kind of changes or transformations which they un-
dergo before reaching the adult or winged stage. To one group, the
Hetcromctabola, belong those insects in which the metamorphosis
(or changes which they undergo after hatching from the egg) is in-
conplete. In this group the young, when hatched, is of the same
general form as the parent, but wholly wingless. As the insect
erows it moults its skin a number of times and wings develop grad-
ually, there being no sharp line defining the larval and pupal stages.
The young of all stages are called ‘‘nymphs;’’ they continue active
and feed from the time of hatching until they reach the final moult
and emerge therefrom mature or in the imago stage. Familiar ex-
amples of the Heterometabola are the locust, grasshopper, katydid,
dragon-fly, squash-bug and chinech-bug.
The second group, the Metabola, comprises those insects which
undergo what is termed a complete metamorphosis. In this group
there are four distinct stages—the egg, larval, pupal and imago—in
the order named. No insect is hatched from the egg with wings,
and when an insect reaches the winged stage it is adult, and never
crows thereafter. Thus the gnats and midges are not the sons and
daughters of the larger flies, but are full-grown insects of them-
selves, which are undergoing the fourth or last stage of their lives.
The second, the larval or worm-like stage, is the one in which the
insect of this group is commonly the most injurious, for then it eats
voraciously, and then is the only period of its life when it grows in
size. The pupal, or third stage, is usually a quiescent one, the in-
sect eating nothing and not increasing in size, but undergoing great
changes of form. Thus the homely and often repulsive grubs, mag-
gots and caterpillars, which are the larval forms of the beetles, flies
and butterflies, respectively, enter the third stage as worm-like,
crawling creatures, and emerge from it as beautiful winged forms,
sometimes glistening and gleaming with all the colors of the rain-
bow. This change of life and form is undoubtedly of great advant-
age to most of this group of insects, as it tends to prevent the ex-
tinction of the species; since, if at a given moment the parents were
swept out of existence, the young, living in a different station,
would continue to represent the species.
It is to this second group, the Metabola, whose members undergo
a complete metamorphosis, that the Coleoptera or beetles belong.
THE DEFINITION OF A BEETLE. 21
From the other orders of this group (viz., the Diptera or flies, the
Lcpidoptera or butterflies and moths and the Hymenoptera or auts,
bees and wasps), the Coleoptera may be known by having the front
wings or elytra not fitted for flight, but shell-like, reposing on the
back of the body and fitted together along the middle in a straight
line or suture; inner wings membranous and folded beneath the
elytra; mouth with mandibles; lower lip not divided along the
middle,
The name Colcoptera is derived from two Greek words, coleos, a
sheath, and pteron, a wing, and refers to the shield-like covering
afforded by the elytra. At the present time the Coleoptera are far
more numerous in species than any other order of insects, about
150,000 being known and named from the different regions of the
earth. Of these about 12,000 species are known from North Amer-
ica. While much more numerous than the flies, bees and butter-
flies, they are less often seen, as their habits are terrestrial rather
than aerial in nature.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF COLEOPTERA.
As in other classes and orders of animal and plant life, the
beetles or Coleoptera of North America have been carefully studied
by various students, and to each species has been given a specific
Latin name. Each species has also been assigned to a certain genus,
or group of species agreeing in some one character or series of char-
acters, which also bears a Latin name. These two Latin names com-
bined, followed by the name or abbreviation of the person who first
recognized the beetle as an undescribed form and gave it a specific
name, comprise the name by which the beetle is or should be known
whenever it is spoken or written about. For example: one of our
common June beetles was first described in 1844. by Dr. F. E.
Melsheimer, under the name rugosa. However, he assigned it to
the genus Ancylounycha of Dejean. If it had been left in that genus
its name for all time should have been written Aneylonycha rugosa
Melsh. However, later writers have found that this species, to-
gether with a large number of others, belong to a group whose com-
mon characters were first pointed out by Rev. F. W. Hope in 1837.
To this group Hope gave the generic name Lachnosterni, so that the
name of the beetle deseribed by Melsheimer is now recognized as
Lachnosterna rugosa Melsh. The genus, or generic name to which
any species is assigned is largely a matter of opinion, but the specific
name, if not before used for a member of that genus, is final unless
22 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
changed for some good reason by the deseriber himself. Of course
it often happens that the author of a supposed new species 18 wrong
in his conclusions, and that it has been described before under an-
other name not recognized by him. In such a case his name is but a
synonym and has no scientific standing.
In the name Lachnosterna rugosa the specific name rugosa cor-
responds to the given name as ‘‘ John”? or “*J ames,’’ and the generic
term Lachnosterna to the sur- or family name, as ‘‘Smith’’ or
‘<Jones.’? The name given the beetle is therefore of the same na-
ture as that given a man, but is in Latin and is written backward,
as Smith John. There may be any number of species of Lachno-
slerna, but there can only be one of them named rugosa. The gen-
eric name is always begun with a capital letter and the specific
name with a small letter, this being the common usage among zoolo-
gists in general.
The generic and specific names usually have some well-defined
meaning, ‘‘Lachuosterna’’ in the case mentioned, being derived
from two Greek words meaning ‘‘wool + breast,’’ as most species of
that genus have the sternum or breast more or less covered with
wool-like hairs. The specific name rugosa means ‘‘rough,’’ and was
given the beetle on account of the wrinkles on the elytra. After the
generic headings in the pages which follow, the date on which the
genus was first proposed by its author, and the derivation or mean-
ing of the generic name is, in most instances, given.
A group of genera, having certain characters in common, com-
prises a ‘‘tribe’’ or ‘‘subfamily,’’ and these in turn are merged into
larger assemblages called families. Our beetles are so little known
that as yet but few of them have common names. When such a
name is well established it is mentioned in connection with the spe-
cifie description. However, the species of each family have usually
one or more common names which are applied to them collectively,
as ‘‘tiger beetles’’ for the Cicindelide, and these names are always
given wider the family heading.
Keys of the Catalogue. In order that the student may deter-
mine the more readily the scientific name for himself, ‘‘keys’’ or
“tables of determination’’ are made an important part of the work.
These are, when necessary, for families, subfamilies, tribes, genera
and species in the order named. When there are but two species
belonging to a genus the specific key is usually omitted. These keys
contain, for the most part, a few of the more salient or easily recog-
nized characters separating the genera or species. In most in-
stances, to avoid repetition, these characters are not again given in
THE MEASUREMENTS OF A BEBTLE. 23
the brief descriptions which follow, and the keys should, therefore,
always be used in connection with the descriptions. It is also im-
portant to bear in mind that the characters used and statements
made, both in the keys and descriptions, are to be considered as ap-
plying only to the species of the Indiana fauna or those of adjoin-
ing States. They may be, and in general are, capable of much
wider application, but it is not safe to assume that such is the case.
In the ‘‘keys to genera’’ are included the characters leading up
to the names of those genera which, from their known representa-
tion in adjoining States, are probably represented in Indiana, even
though no species belonging to them has as yet been taken. The
same is often true of the ‘‘keys to species.’? Many species are
therein included, but not thereafter described, whose known range
is such that it is very probable that they occur in some part of the
State. The future collector or student will therefore be able to
identify almost any species which may come to hand from Indiana
or adjoining territory.
The number in parenthesis before the name of each species is
that of the Henshaw ‘‘List of the Coleoptera of America north of
Mexico,’’ or the Third Supplement to the same.
The dates given after the description of each species are only
the earliest and latest at which the species has been noted in the
State and do not, therefore, necessarily show the actual time of
appearance or disappearance. The asterisk (*) preceding the name
of a species indicates that the species was taken in the winter sea-
son in Vigo County, and was mentioned: specifically in my ‘‘ Notes
on the Winter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana,’’ published in
Psyche, vol. VII, 1895-96.
Measurements.—Since the beetles are mostly of small size, the
unit of measurement used in the descriptions is the millimetre
(mm.) which = .0394, or a little more than 54; of an inch. The
smaller divisions of the accompanying scale (Fig. 5a) show, as ac-
hae me ee ne ae
Pinar
4 2 3 4 5 6 a
Fig. 5a.
curately as can be represented, the length of a millimetre. For all
practical purposes it may be remembered that 2.5 mm. = 45 inch;
3mm. —i-+inch; 4mm.-= ¢+ inch; 5mm. =+inch; 7.5mm. =
,?; inch; 10 mm. = #inch; 12.6 mm. = 4inch; 15 mm. = # inch; 17.5
24 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
mm. == j, inch; 20 mm. = #inch. The divisions of the scale sepa-
rated by the longer lines 1, 2, 3, ete., are centimetres.
Bibliography and Synonymy. The titles, with names of the
authors, of the principal papers used in the preparation of the
‘“‘Deseriptive Catalogue’’ are given under each family, tribe or
genus. These papers have been used freely, but in general no credit
has been given them. This was not from a lack of a sense of
‘«Justice due,’’ but solely in order to save space. Wherever possible
the species in hand has been studied in connection with the original
description and the citation given after the name of each species is
to that description alone. However, in the case of species described
by Thomas Say, the citation is not only to the place of original
description, but after the term ‘‘ibid,’’ to the volume and page of
the Leconte edition of Say’s works, which is the one in common use.
Aside from the papers mentioned in the body of the work there
is one to which especial tribute should be paid, and without which
the preparation of this or any other paper dealing with the ma-—
jority of families and genera of North American Coleoptera would
be practically impossible. This sine qua non is Leconte and Horn’s
‘‘Classifieation of the Coleoptera of North America,’’ published in
1883 as No, 507 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. It is
a veritable storehouse of knowledge, which is a lasting monument
to the fame of the two greatest Coleopterists which this country ever
had or probably ever will have. From it have been taken the main
facts used in characterizing the families and most of the genera
represented in Indiana. The only fault to find with the ‘‘Classifi-
cation’’ is its extensive use of technical language, which renders it
a kind of ‘‘bug-bear’’ to beginners. This I have tried to remedy
by simplifying, in many instances, the terms there used, even at the
expense of space which could be ill spared.
In addition to the ‘‘Classifieation,’? LeBaron’s ‘‘Fourth Annual
Report on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Ilinois,’? Com-
stock’s ‘‘Manual for the Study of Insects,’’ and Sharp’s “‘Insects—
Part IT,’’ have been the general works most used.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF BEETLES. 25
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA
(EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA. )
KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA.
The insects of the Order Coleoptera, sufficiently defined on a
preceding page, are separated into two suborders as follows:
KEY TO SUBORDERS OF COLEOPTERA.
a. Mouth parts normal, rarely unfit for use, never aeparting from the
ordinary type; palpi always flexible, maxillary usually four-jointed,
labial three-jointed; gular sutures double, at least before and behind ;
prosternal sutures distinct. Suborder I. CoLropTera (genuina).
ad, Head more or less prolonged in front to form a beak; palpi usually
rigid and not evident; gula not evident; prosternal sutures wanting.
Suborder II. RuyNcHOPHORA.
On account of a lack of time and space, the Rhynchophora of the
State are not treated in the present paper. A large collection of
them is, however, at hand, and they will, if circumstances allow,
be catalogued and described in a future treatise.
Suborder I. COLEOPTERA (genuina.)
This suborder is divided into the following series or groups of
families:
KEY TO SERIES OF COLEOPTERA (genuina).
a, Hind tarsi (except in a few Clavicornia) with the same number of
joints at least as the others.
vb. Fourth and fifth tarsal joints not united, the fifth, when present,
always distinct.
c. First three ventral segments united, the first divided by the hind
coxal cavities so that the sides are separated from the very
small median portion; all the tarsi five-jointed; antennz fili-
form or nearly so; habits mostly predaceous.
Series I. ADEPHAGA, p. 26.
cc, First ventral segment visible for its entire breadth (except in
Rhyssodidz).
d. Antennz with the terminal joints not Jamellate or leaf-like and
capable of separation.
e. Antenne clavate or capitate, very rarely serrate; species liv-
ing for the most part in decaying animal and vegetable
matter. Series IT. CLAVICORNIA, p. 242.
ec. Antenns with joints from the third onward more or less ser-
rate or saw-toothed, very rarely clavate or capitate; food
variable, but rarely decaying animal matter.
Series III. SERRICORNIA, p. 686.
26 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.
dd. Antenne with the terminal joints forming a lamellate club com-
posed of movable plates cr leaves, capable of separation and
usually of accurate apposition; legs more or less fossorial ;
tarsi five-jointed; food variable, either decaying wood, dung,
earrion or foliage. Series IV. LAMELLICORNIA, p. 903.
bb. Fourth and fifth tarsal joints firmly united, the fourth joint very
small, the tarsi therefore appearing but four-jointed; sole usually
densely pubescent; antenne filiform, rarely serrate or thickened
towards tip; leaf-eaters or wood-borers.
Series V. PuytToPpHaGa, p. 1005.
ad. Front and middle tarsi five-jointed, hind tarsi four-jointed, the joints
usually slender and bare or at most sparsely haired or spinose;
other characters and food habits very variable. :
Series VI. Herreromera, p. 1242.
Series IL. ADEPHAGA.
The members of this series always have the mouth parts highly
developed, the outer lobe of the maxille being nearly always di-
vided into a two-jointed palpus, so that there appear to be six palpi.
Abdomen with the exposed segments one more in number at the
sides than along the middle, the number usually being five along the
middle and six at each side. They are for the most part active, pre-
daceous and carnivorous in habit. Five of the seven families com-
prising the series are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF ADEPHAGA.
a. Terrestrial species; antennse with at least the six outer joints pubes-
cent; metasternum with an antecoxal piece, separated by a well
marked suture, reaching from one side to the other and extending
in a triangular process between the hind coxze.
vb. Antenne inserted on the front above the base of the mandibles;
inner lobe of the maxille ending in a movable hook; eyes large
and prominent; head vertical, wider than thorax.
Family I. Cictinprenip.2, p. 27.
bb. Antennze arising from the side of the head between the base of the
mandibles and the eyes; inner lobe of maxilla not ending in a
movable hook; eyes usually of moderate size; head horizontal
or slightly inclined, usually narrower than thorax.
Family IJ. Carasio.x, p. 36.
aa, Aquatic species; antennse destitute of pubescence; metasternum (ex-
cept in Haliplidse) without an antecoxal piece but prolonged behind
in a triangular process.
ce. Kyes ‘two; antennee slender and filiform or setaceous; abdomen
with six segments.
d. Antenne ten-jointed; hind coxze prolonged as large plates cover-
ing the femora and a large part of the abdomen; hind legs not
formed for swimming. Family WI. Hauivuiv.n, p. 200.
THE TIGER BEETLES. 27
did. Antenne eleven-jointed; hind coxal plates not covering the fe-
mora; hind legs with fringes of long hairs, usually compressed
and formed for vigorous swimming.
Family IV. Dytiscips, p. 204.
ce. Eyes four; antenne irregular, very short; abdomen with seven
segments; middle and hind legs forming short, broad paddles.
Family V. Gyrinipa, p. 236.
Family I. CICINDELID A.
Tue Tiger BEEres.
To this family belong those oblong, predaceous ground beetles
which occur for the most part along sandy banks of streams, road-
ways and woodland paths. They are among the most handsome and
agile of our beetles, the legs being slender and adapted to running.
Most of the species possess inner wings and when pursued they
often run swiftly for several feet, then take a quick flight, but usu-
ally alight several rods in advance of where they were flushed.
Upon alighting they usually turn so as to face the pursuer.
The antenne are 11-jointed, filiform and slender, inserted on
the front above the base of the mandibles, which are long and
sharply toothed; terminal hook of the maxille movable; eyes
prominent; tarsi all 5-jointed; hind coxew mobile and simple.
The name of the principal genus, Cicindela, is derived from the
Latin candela, a candle or taper, and was applied by the ancients
to the glowworm. The common name, tiger beetle, portrays well
the habits of the mature insect, which is ever eager to seize upon
some weaker form of life which will serve it as prey. The name is
also suggestive of the stripes or spots with which the elytra of many
of the species are marked. The males may be known by their hay-
ing the sixth ventral segment broadly notched, so as to expose a sev-
enth segment, which is invisible in the female; and by having the
first three joints of the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent on
the under side.
The larve of the tiger beetle are whitish grubs, with large, flat,
metallic colored heads and long toothed mandibles. They live in
vertical burrows in sandy banks, beaten paths and dry plowed
fields. These burrows are often a foot or more in depth, and in
their upper portion the larva props itself so that the head serves as
a plug or stopper for the hole. The prop with which it holds itself
in place is a hump on the fifth segment of the abdomen, to which are
28 FAMILY I.—CICINDELID.
ge attached two hooks. These are curved in such a way as to
aa prevent the larva from being jerked out of the burrow when
it happens to ‘‘catch a tartar’’ in the form of some larger
or stronger insect than itself. (Fig. 6.) While waiting
for prey its jaws, like those of a steel trap when set, are
wide open, ready to seize the first unwary insect that walks
te, OVE the living trap. It drags its victim, when captured,
Comstock) to the bottom of the burrow and there devours it at leisure,
squeezing out the juice and softer parts and rejecting the hard and
innutritious portions.
The principal works of reference on the family are as follows:
LeConte.—‘‘ Revision of the Cicindelidex,’’ in Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soe., XI, 1857, 27-63.
Schaupp.— ‘Revision of the Cicindelide,’’ in Bull. Brook. Ent.
Soe., VI, 1883-84, 73-108; 121-126, Pls. I-V.
Leng.—‘‘Revision of the Cicindelide of Boreal America,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVIII, 1902, 93-186, Pls. I-IV.
About 1,400 species of Cicindelide are known, 93 species and
numerous varieties of which have been described from the United
States. These belong to five different genera, only two of which
are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CICINDELIDA:.
a. Third joint of maxillary palpi longer than the fourth. I. TETRACHA.
aa. Third joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the fourth. II. CrIctnpELa.
I. TerracHa Hope. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘in four parts.’’)
This genus is represented in the southern portion of the United
States by two rather large metallic green species which are noc-
turnal in habit, hiding during the day and hunting by night. One
of the two occurs in the southern third of Indiana, while the other
has been found in southern Tlinois and should be looked for in the
southwestern counties of this State. They have the head large,
with large circular eyes; mandibles with four teeth; thorax
smooth, broader than long, with a large triangular impression at
middle; elytra slightly convex, broader than base of thorax, deeply
and coarsely punctate.
THE TIGER BEETLES. 29
1 (18). Trrracua virernica Linn., Syst. Nat., II
1735, 567.
Dark gold green; elytra blackish at middle, their
sides with a broad metallic green stripe; antenne,
legs and last ventral segment dull brownish-yellow.
Length 20-24 mm. (Tig. 7.)
’
Vigo, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties;
frequent. June 30-September 25. Probably oc-
curs in most of the counties covered by the Au-
stroriparian fauna. It is found beneath stones, Bleed
wheat shocks and other hiding places, especially along and near
streams, and is often attracted by electric and other lights.
The other species, 7. carolina Linn., is slightly larger and of a
lighter green hue, with the apical portion of the elytra, legs and
antenne yellow.
II. Cromnnena Linn. 1735. (L., ‘‘a candle or taper.’’)
This genus is represented in the United States by 75 or more
species and many varieties. In shape they are very uniform, but
differ much in size and color, and have the head large, with promi-
nent eyes; thorax varying from cylindrical to a flattened trape-
zoidal form and narrower than head; elytra usually quite convex
and subparallel at the sides with the tips usually rounded, emar-
ginate in one group.
Unlike most other members of the family the species of Cicin-
dela are diurnal in habit, hiding by night and on cloudy or rainy
days in holes dug in the sand, or beneath bark, chips, stones and
rubbish. On bright sunny days, however, they are out in numbers,
frequenting those haunts for which nature has fitted them. Here,
as long as motionless, their hues blend with their surroundings in
such a manner as to render them unnoticeable to higher forms. It
is very probable that several species which occur in early spring
hibernate in the perfect or imago stage. A number of them are
double brooded.
Fifteen members of the genus have been taken in Indiana, while
two others may occur. These may be distinguished one from an-
other by the following table. Since in it numerous references are
made to the white markings on the elytra, the following explana-
tory terms regarding them are given:
30 FAMILY I.—CICINDELIDA.
When the markings are in bands, as in Fig. 8: (C. repands.)
1 = humeral lunule.
2 = marginal line.
3 = middle band.
4 = apical lunule.
When the markings are in dots as in Fig. 9:
5 (See fig. 23) = basal dot.
6 = humeral dot.
7 = posthumeral dot.
8 = marginal dot.
Fig. 8. Tig. 9.
= supplementary dot. Cities Lene
10 = discal dot.
11 = anteapical dot.
12 = apical dot.
When these markings are of the style shown in figure (C. hirti-
colis) they are said to be complete; when lacking in part or broken
up into dots, they are called incomplete.
NWN —
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CICINDELA.
«a. Under side of abdomen metallic blue or green.
bd, Thorax more or less flattened, its sides margined.
ec. Abdomen not hairy; front of head flat; elytra flattened and with
a white marginal dot. 2. UNIPUNCTATA.
ce. Abdomen sparsely hairy; front concave; elytra with a vague de-
pression on basal third, dull brown or black with humeral,
posthumeral and anteapical dots and narrow middle band.
LONGILABRIS.
ob. Thorax convex, not margined; elytra convex.
d. Pubescence beneath either erect or lacking; outer margin of ely-
tra in female not angulate.
e. Thorax much narrowed behind; markings incomplete, reduced
to dots or spots; colors usually bright.
f. Elytra without well defined median band.
g. Thorax quadrate; elytra green or purple; markings dis-
tinct.
h. Elytra smooth or nearly so; apical Iunule and one or
more marginal spots present; color purplish bronze.
3. LECONTEI.
hh. Elytra distinctly punctured; markings reduced to smali
smooth, 4, SEXGUTTATA.
ag. Thorax subcylindrical; elytra black or dark bronze; mark-
, ings very indistinct. 18. PUNCTULATA.
ff. Elytra with well defined median band.
i. Color either bright or bluish-green; front of head smooth.
5. PATRUELA.
THE TIGER BEETLES. 31
it, Color coppery or purplish-green; front of head hairy;
elytra granulate-punctate. 6. PURPUREA,
«ec. Thorax slightly or not at all narrowed behind; markings com-
plete or nearly so; colors usually dull.
j. Elytral markings quite broad, connected at margin; humeral
: lunule obliquely prolonged backward; labrum three-toothed ;
i larger, 16-18 mm. 7. GENEROSA.
Ji. Elytral markings narrower, less prominent, complete or in-
complete, not wholly connected at margin.
| k. Humeral lunule obliquely prolonged backward; middle band
| not extended along the margin. 8. VULGARIS.
kk. Wumeral lunule C-shaped, not prolonged backward; mid-
die band (except in 12-guttata) more or less extended
along the margin.
i. Labrum three-toothed; apical limule bent forward and
inward. 9. ANCOCISCONENSIS.
i. Labrum one-toothed; apical lunule not bent as above.
m. Marginal white line not connected with humeral lunule,
the latter not bent upward at posterior end; thorax
less hairy.
n. HWiytral markings complete. 10. REPANDA.
nn. Elytral markings broken into dots; form broader and
flatter. 11. 12-cvuTTata.
mm. Marginal white line connected with humeral Iunule, the
latter bent upward at its hind extremity; thorax
very hairy. 12. HIRTICOLLIS.
dd, Pubescence beneath prostrate or decumbent; outer margin of
elytra in female angulate near apex.
o, Elytra white with a few dark markings. 15. LEPIDA.
ov. Elytra cupreous or bronze; markings complete.
14. CUPRASCENS.
aa, Under side of abdomen partly red.
p. Elytra dark brown without a marginal white band, the markings
normal. 16. RUFIVENTRIS.
pp. Elytra greenish or fuscous with a white submarginal band.
MARGINIPENNIS.
2 (17). CICINDELA UNIPUNCTATA Fab., Syst. Ent., 1775, 225,
Dull brown, beneath dark blue; elytra rough with green
foyea and punctures, and with a triangular marginal white
dot. Length 16-18 mm. (Fig. 10.)
Southern half of State: frequent in Crawford and
Posey counties, less so in Vigo and Putnam. May 4
September 5. Occurs singly or in pairs on bare spots
in upland woods and along woodland paths. Instead
of flying when alarmed, it often attempts to hide be- Fig. 10.
neath leaves and stones. and can usually he readily — (After Leng.)
captured with the hand.
[83—23402]
32 FAMILY I.—-CICINDELID.®.
C. longilabris Say probably occurs sparingly in the northern
third of the State, as its range includes Michigan and Wisconsin.
8 (19e). CICINDELA SCUTELLARIS LECONTEL Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci. VI, 1858, 361.
Elytra purplish or coppery bronze with apical lunule, one or
two marginal spots and sometimes with a humeral spot, these
rarely confluent. Front hairy in male, nearly bald in female.
Fig. 1, Femora, flanks of thorax and front and middle cox Eather dense-
(AfterLeng ) ly clothed with long white hair. Length 12 mm. (Fig. 11.)
This handsome variety of the western species scutellaris has so
far been taken only in Lake and Porter counties, and is probably
confined to the sandy areas of the northwestern portion of the State.
Where found it is frequent in open sandy spots and along sandy
pathways, usually distant from water. April 21-September 9.
Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 15a.
(After Wickham.)
4 (24). CrIcINDELA SEXGUTTATA Fab., Syst. Ent.. 1775. 226.
Bright green above, often with a strong bluish reflection; each
elytron with one to five white dots. these sometimes indistinct or
even wholly lacking. Front not hairy: under surface with only
a few scattered white hairs. Elytra convex, granulate-punctate.
Length 10-14 mm. (Wigs. 12 and 16.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9—-September J
15: One of the most attractive of our tiger beetles. It is PS pacman
found most frequently along pathways in open woodlands; —
also often on logs, beneath the loose bark of whieh it hides by night
and in cloudy weather. It has been noted on the cement sidewalks
near the center of Indianapolis.
5 (24h). CIecrnpeEL.A PATRUELA Dej., Spec. 1, 1825, 62,
Resembles serguttata Iut usually larger and somewhat darker, Me-
dian band and often the humeral lunule complete: apical and anteapical
dots more distinct. Under side mueb more hairy. the coxn, pro- and metas-
ternn being especially pilose. Length 12-14.5 mim. :
THE TIGER BEETLES. 33
Lake and Lawrence counties; rare. May 7-July 27. Occurs
in shaded pathways on high, dry hills. Usually placed as a variety
of sexguttata, but Leng considers them distinct.
© (25). CICINDELA PURPUREA Oliy., Ent., II, 1794, 14.
Reddish cupreous, margins and suture of elytra green; mark-
ings consisting of a narrow oblique middle band, an apical dot
and sometimes an anteapical and humeral dot. Thorax deeply
impressed, granulate and rugose. Length 14-16 mm. (Figs. 13 NX
and 17.)
This handsome beetle has so far been noted only in rs
southern Indiana, where it has been taken in a half dozen |e n.)
or more counties. However, it probably occurs through-
out the State, as its general range includes the entire United States.
It frequents the grassy margins of roads and meadow pathways.
Double brooded and probably hibernates. April 23-October 15.
The variety I/mbalis Klug., in which the middle band is long
and sinuate and with humeral, posthumeral, apical and anteapical
dots usually present, probably occurs sparingly in the State, its
range being given as ‘‘Maine to Colorado and Kansas.’’
7 (26a). CICINDELA FORMOSA GENEROSA Dej., Spec. V, 1831, 251.
Dull reddish cupreous or brownish-bronzed; white markings wide,
prominent and connected on margin, the middle band bent backward, then
forward and almost reaching the suture. Thorax broader than long, granu-
late, very hairy on the flanks. Length 16-15 mm. (Tig. 14.)
This eastern form of Say’s furmosa has been taken only in Lake,
Porter, Laporte, Vigo, Perry and Posey counties, where it occurs in
numbers on bare sandy spots and along sandy roads. May 13-Oc-
tober 1. It is more wary and difficult to capture than most of its
kind and when flushed often makes a prolonged flight. Gcnerosa
and unipunctata are the largest of our tiger beetles, and the former
will probably be found over most of the sand covered areas of the
State.
S (82). CICINDELA VULGARTS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., I, 1818,
409; ibid. IT, 422.
Brownish-bronze above, dark green beneath; elytral markings
consisting of humeral lunule obliquely prolonged: a middle band
s but slightly expanded on margin, entering obliquely and bent at
Fig. 18. an obtuse angle, and an apical lunule. Length 13-16 mm. (Figs.
(After Leng.) 15 ancl 18.)
34 FAMILY I.—CICINDELID&.
Throughout the State; common. April 2-October 9. Occurs
usually on sandy or mud flats, 20 and more feet back from running
water; also along sandy roads or on bare spots and pathways in
open upland woods. One specimen was taken April 3d on a cement
walk in Indianapolis.
9 (31). CICINDELA ANCOCISCONENSIS Harr., Family Visitor, 1853,
No. 3, p. 2.
Brown-bronzed above, bright metallic green beneath; humeral
lunule scarcely curved; middle band obtusely bent and extended
along the margin toward the apex; apical lunule bent forward
and inward. Front hairy; thorax subquadrate; elytra granulate-
punctate. Length 14-16 mm. (Fig. 19.)
Fig. 19, .
Cher beng} Fulton County; scarce. July 14. Taken in small
numbers along the borders of Bruce Lake and along ditches
in peat bogs and tamarack swamps. Probably occurs sparingly in
like situations throughout the northern third of the State, its range
being given as ‘‘New Hampshire to Illinois.”’
10 (83). CICINDELA REPANDA Dej., Spec., I, 1825, 74.
Brownish-bronze with a more or less greenish or coppery re-
flection; humeral lIunule C-shaped; middle band rectangularly
bent, connected with a marginal white line which nearly but never
quite reaches the apical and humeral lunules. Front sparingly Fig. 20
hairy. Thorax nearly square, hairy on the sides. Elytra granu- (After Leng.)
late-punctate, parallel in the male, suddenly dilated before the
middle in the female. Length 12-13 mm. (Fig. 20.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 18—-October 5. Occurs
most abundantly on sand banks and gravel bars; also along the
borders of roads, fields and railway tracks.
11 (88¢). CrIcInDELA 12-curratT, Dej., Spec., I, 1825, 73.
Brownish-bronze; elytral markings consisting of humeral, post-
humeral, apical, anteapical and upper discal dots and a very nar-
row middle band, scarcely reaching the discal dot. From repandu
of which it is usually considered a variety, it differs also “by the
more flattened form, by the shorter and less convex thorax and
Fig.21. by the elytra of the female being only gradually dilated.”
(After Leng.) (Leng.) Length 12-15 mm. (Jig. 21.)
Lake, Starke, Fulton, Vigo and Posey counties. May 27—October
10. Occurs sparingly only alone the margins of ditches in peat
bogs and low, moist grounds.
THE TIGER BEETLES. 35
12 (35). CIcinpELA wWIRTICOLLIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. I.
1818, 411; ibid. II, 2.
Browh bronze above; beneath yxreen, very hairy; lhumeral
lunule bent upward at its hind extremity and connected by a
marginal line with middle band, the marginal line usually broken
before the apical lunule. Front hairy. Thorax quadrate, flat,
very hairy. Elytra granulate-punctate, suddenly dilated before
the middle in both sexes. Length 13-14 mm. (Figs. 15a and 22.)
Mee Fig. 22.
Abundant along the shore of Lake Michigan and on the (after Leng.)
sand dunes back from the lake; also found on the sandy
beaches of other large lakes in northern Indiana. May 13-Sept. 5.
13 (40). CicrINDELA PUNCTULATA Oliv., Ent. II, 1794, 27.
Slender, subcylindrical. Black, dark brown or greenish-bronzed above;
greenish-blue beneath; the whitish markings, except the apical lunule,
usually reduced to one or two minute dots, with rarely a broken humeral
lunule and interrupted middle band present. Front without hairs. Thorax
sparsely hairy, very finely granulate. Elytra densely punctured, each with
a row of larger green punctures near the suture. Length 11-14 mm.
Throughout the State; one of the most common and widely dis-
tributed of tiger beetles. Often found about electric lights and on
the walks of the cities; also along dry upland roads and especially
pathways in open woods. May 25—November 4.
14 (45). CICINDELA CUPRASCENS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1852, 65.
Cupreous or greenish-bronzed above; markings complete and
connected along the marginal line. Front hairy. Thorax flat-
tened, nearly quadrate, slightly rounded at sides, thinly clothed
with white hairs. Outer margin of male elytron slightly sinuate;
of female elytron strongly sinuate with a tooth one-fourth from
the tip. Length 12-14 mm. (Tig. 23.).
Frequent along the sandy beach of Lake Michigan, near
Pine, Lake County and Dune Park, Porter County; also a
single example from a sand bar in Putnam County. Probably wide-
ly distributed in the State. July 5-September 1.
Those found along the beach of Lake Michigan are more slender,
less strongly punctured and with the marginal tooth of the female
elytron more obtuse than in the Putnam County form. They are to
be referred to the variety macra Lec.
15 (55). CICINDELA LEPIDA Dej., Spec., V, 1831, 255. |
Flat and broad. Head and thorax greenish-bronze, hairy;
elytra white with a few green or bronze dark lines; under sur-
face densely clothed with white hair. Elytra sinuate at apex
more deeply so in female. Length 9-12 mm. (Fig. 24.)
Fig. 23.
(After Leng.)
Fie. 24.
” (After Leng.)
Taken in the State only on the bare white sand along the beach
of Lake Michigan near Pine, Lake County, and Dune Park, Porter
36 FAMILY I.—CARABID.
County. June 27-September 5. As its eolor harmonizes so closely
with that of its resting place. it must be marked down and then
kept in view until close enough to capture with the net. It is said
to fly to electric light.
16 (G4). CICINDELA BUFIVENTRIS Dej.. Spee. I. 1825, 102.
Dark smoky brown. bronzed above: bluish-sreen beneath. ab-
d-men red: elytral markings consisting of apical lunule and
humeral. posthumeral. marginal and two discal dots: the latter
s.metimes wanting. s:ietimes united t form a short. sinuate
middle band. Head finely striate. not hairy. Thorax suljuad-
Fig.25. vate with sparse hairs each side. Elytra faintly punctate. Length
Cheloor 12 mm, 1 Fle: 25.)
This species has so far been taken in Indiana only on bare spots
en the slopes and tops of high hills near Wyandotte Cave. Craw-
ford County. Here it is quite common from June 15 to Septem-
ber. and can be readily approached and easily taken with a net. It
probably occurs in like situations in many localities in the southern
third of the State.
Cicindela marginipennis Dej. has been taken by Dury on a sand
bar of the Little Miami River near Batavia Junction. Ohio. May
17. It therefore very probably oecurs alone the streams of the
southeastern portion of Indiana.
Family Il. CARABID_E.
THE (ROUND BEETLES.
This family has more representatives in Indiana than any other
family of Coleoptera. Its members are to be looked for anywhere
on or ¢clese to the grcund, where by day they usually hide beneath
whatever cover presents itself. At night they roam about in eager
search for anything which will furnish food. All the species have
long legs and run with great rapidity. While the inner wings are
present in most forms. they seldom attempt to escape by flight:
though some of the smaller rnexs are seen flying in numbers during
the first warm days of spring or about electric lights during summer
evenines. The principal characters of the family may be brietly
diagnosed as follows: .
Head narrower than thorax, directed forward; mentum deeply
emareimate; maxilla with the outer che destitute of a movable
hook at the tip; antenna: 11-jointed. filiform. inserted under a
frontal ridge behind the hase of the mandibles. the joints (except
THE GROUND BtETLES. 37
the basal ones) covered with a minute pubescence; epimera and epi-
sterna of thorax distinct; abdomen with six, rarely (Brachinini)
with seven ventral segments, the first visible only at the sides; legs
slender, the hind ones not very different from the middle pair;
front and middle coxx globular, hind coxe dilated on the inner
side; tarsi 5-jointed.
The majority of the species cf Carabide are predaceous and
beneficial, feeding in part upon the larve and mature forms of
other insects; their mouth parts being excellently adapted to catch-
ing and masticating such food. Dr. S$. A. Forbes examined 175
specimens representing 38 species and 2U genera. Of these 83 speci-
mens, obtained in miscellaneous situations, had derived 42 per cent.
of their food from the animal kingdom, while of 70 specimens taken
in an orchard where canker-worms were abundant, 77 per cent. of
their food was of animal origin, 21 per cent. being canker-worms.
Of the 175 specimens examined, 57 per cent. of the food was of ani-
mal origin, 86 per cent. being composed of the remains of insects ;
the other 21 per cent. being made up of mollusks, earthworms, myra-
pods and arachoide. The vegetable matter eaten was composed of
the remains of eryptogamic plants and the pollen of grasses and
Composite.*
A few members, especially those belonging to the genera [Har-
palus, Anisodactylus and Amara, are seed eaters and probably do
more damage than good; while the larve of Omouphron and some of
the species of Clivina have been known to be quite destructive to the
soft sprouting grains of corn. However. on aecount of their great
numbers and predaceous habits, both in the larval and perfect
stages, our Carabide doubtless play an important part in holding ~
in check the excessive multiplication of other and more injurious in-
sect forms.
The larve of the Carabidx are mostly long, flattened grubs,
with the body of nearly equal breadth throughout. They have sharp
projecting mandibles and the hind end of the body bears a pair of
conical bristly appendages. Like the adults they are predaceous,
living in burrows just beneath the surface of the ground, and feed-
ing up the soft hodied larve: of many leaf eating insects which
enter the ground to transform. When fully crown they change to
pup under ground in small earthen cells which they form for this
purpose. When ready to emerge as imagoes, the color changes
*“The Food Relations of the Carabide and Coccinellide,” in Bull, No, 6, Ill, Lab, Nat, Hist, 1883,
38 FAMILY IJ.—CARABID®.
from almost white to that of the perfect insect. and leaving the old
pupal skin behind the young beetle crawls forth to the shelter of
some object which will protect it by day. while at night it roams
freely in search of food or a mate with which to perpetuate its kind.
About 13.000 species of Carabide are known, more than 1.200
of which have been described from the different parts of the United
States. Of these 366 representing 73 genera have. up to the pres-
ent. been taken in Indiana. The principal papers treating of each
genus will be mentioned under the tribal or generic heading. Fora
general classification of the family the student is referred to the fol-
lowing papers:
LeConte.— Notes on the Classification of the Carabide of the
United States.’ in Trans. Amer. Phil. Sov... X. 1593. 363-403.
Horn —*On the Genera of Carabide with special reference to
the fauna of Boreal Ameriea.’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
IX, 1881. pp. 91-196. pls. TT-N.
By Dr. Horn the Carabidw were divided into three subfamilies.
two of whieh are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF CARABID.
a. Middle coxal cavities not entirely enclosed by the
sterna alone. the epimeron of the mesosternum
reaching the coxa on the outer side. (Fig. 26.)
Subfamily I. CaraBin. p. 38.
aa. Middle coxal cavities entirely enclosed by the sterna.
Fig. 26. the epimeron not reaching the coxa: head without
(After Leng.) antennal grooves beneath and with one or more
1, Coxa) cavities; 2. distinct bristly hairs above the eyes.
i 3 3. Mesosterna; ‘ .
aera Pere Subfamily II. Harparin-e. p. 63.
Subfamily I. CARABINAE,.
In this subfamilv the epimera of the mesosternum nearly equal
the episterna in size and reach the coxal cavities. forming a part of
their enclosing walls. The head has one or two large punctures
above each eve. each bearing a bristly hair; sides of thorax usually
with two similar punctures. Front tibie either entire. obliquely
grooved or emarginate. The subfamily is divided into 15 tribes. of
which but six are represented in Tndiana.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CARARIN AR
a. Front coxal cavities open behind.
bv. Hind coxre separated: labrum deeply forked.
Tribe I]. Cycurint, p. 41,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 39
bb, Hind coxee not separated; labrum nut forked.
c. Mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side;
size large, 1S or more mm. Tribe III. Caraprni, p. 4.
cc. Mandibles each with a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side;
smaller, not over 12 mm. - Tribe V. NEBRIINI, p. 50.
ad, Front coxal cavities closed behind.
d. Prosternum prolonged and dilated, entirely concealing the mesv-
sternum; scutellum invisible. Tribe I. OMOPHRONINI, p. 3).
dd. Prosternum not concealing the mesosternun.
e. Antenne free at base; body not pedunculate, the bases of thorax
and elytra in contact; scutellum visible.
Tribe IV. ELAPHRINI, p. 48.
ee. Antenne arising under a frontal plate; body pedunculate, the
bases of thorax and elytra remote; scutellum not visible; hind
coxie contiguous. Tribe VI. ScarRiTINI, p. 53.
Tribe I. OMOPHRONINI.
Antenne slender, inserted under a slight frontal margin, four
basal joints glabrous; mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture on
outer side; second joint of labial palpi with several sete or bristle-
like hairs; body not pedunculate; mesosternum covered by the
prolonged prosternum. The tribe is represented by the single
genus:
I. OmopuHron Latr. 1802 (Gr., ‘‘savage-like.’’)
Form oval, convex; scutellum invisible. The species occupy
holes in wet sand along the margins of streams, ponds and lakes.
They are also often
found under stones or
in holes between the
roots of plants along the
water’s edge, and are
frequently caught in
minnow seines. By
throwing water over the
sand banks they can be
forced out and are then
easily captured, as they
do not fly. For detailed
papers on the genus see:
Horn.—‘‘Synopsis of
O mo phron,’’ in
Trans, Amer.
Ent. Soe., III,
1870, 71 % Fig. 27, Omophron labiatum Fab. ™ 9. (After Forbes.)
40 FAMILY 11.—CARABID.E.
Horn.—'‘Sinoptic table of the genus Omophron,”’ in Bull.
Brook. Ent. Soc.. I, 1878. 4.
Nine species are known from the United States, of which four
have been taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OMOPHRON.
a. Broadly oval. shining; elytral strive almost entirely obliterated at apex
and indistinct on side, the intervals flat; median line of thorax
very faint.
v. Rows of elytral punctures reaching only to middle; color dark
brown or nearly black. the side margins of thorax and elytra pale.
LABIATUM.
bb. Rows of elytral punctures reaching two-thirds the distance from
hase to apex; color dark metallic green, pale at sides.
Li. NiITIpDeM,
aa. Less broadly oval. Jess convex and less shining; elytral striz reach-
ing to very near the apex. distinct on sides. the intervals convex.
c. Elytra 14-striate; strive shallow. indistinct at apex, punctures large.
distant. 1s. ROBUSTIM.
ce. Elytra 15-striate: strite deep, distinct at apex.
d. Thorax with side margin only pale. 19. AMERICANUM.
dd. Thorax with sides, basal and apical margins pale.
PU. TESSELLATUM.
O. lubiatum Fab. occurs in the ‘* Middle and Southern States.”
and should be looked for in southern Indiana. (Fig. 27.)
17 (71). OMopHRon NiTipUM Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848. 447.
Dark metallic green, shining: thorax and elytra with a narrow, pale
margin, that of the elytra with three irregular projections. the first and
second of which extend inward to the eighth and sixth striwe: the third
longer. subquadrate and near the apex. Thorax without punctures on
pale margins and at center, coarsely and sparsely punctured near base
and apex. Punctures of elytra large. distant. Length 5-6 mm.
Lake County: searce. Taken by A. 3. Woleott from the beach
of Lake Michigan near the station of Pine. April 29—May 28.
18 (74). OMoOPHRON RoBUSIUM Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. ITI, 1870, 73.
Pale brownish-yellow; elytra with broken green cross-markings; the
strive with course distant punctures. Thorax with a narrow green eross-
band. which extends forward and backward at the middle. and an oval
green spot each side. Length 6.5 mm.
Stein collection from southern Indiana. Probably throughout
the State, but svarce. Taken by Dury at Cincinnati.
19 (76). OMMOPITRON AMERTCANUM Dej.. Spec, Vo 1831, 583.
Bronzed or greenish-black; head mostly green: thorax and elytra
with pale margins, these of the former very narrow. Punctures of elytral
strive rather fine, the intervals strongly convex. Length 6-7 mim.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 41
Common throughout the State. April 23-Neptember 5. Some-
times occurs under rubbish remote from water.
20 (77). OMOPHRON TESSELATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci. TIT, 1823, 152; ibid. 11, 97.
Pale brownish-yellow; head with a greeu band across the
base; thorax with a small, subquadrate green spot which is
prolonged backward and forward along a deeply impresset
median line; elytra with cross-markings metallic green, the
punctures of the striwv close and fine. Thorax coarsely punc-
tured near base and apex, more finely and very sparsely at middle and
sides, Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 28.)
Commen in the northern part of the State; rare in the southern
portion. May 22—August 22.
Fig. 28,
(After Leng.)
Tribe II. CYCHRINI.
Head more or less constricted; neck often semi-vlobose; an-
tenne slender, inserted under a feeble frontal ridge; labrum deep
ly forked; body not pedunculate; scutellum very small. Proster-
num not prolonged behind the coxew; hind cox separated by a tri-
angular process of the abdomen. The tribe is represented in the
eastern United States by two genera, separated as follows:
KEY TO GENERA OF CYCHRINI.
a. Antenne with four basal joints glabrous. II. Cycurus.
aa, Antenne with two basal joints glabrous. NOMARETUS.
Of these only specimens of Cychrus have as yet been taken in
Indiana, though two or three species of Vomarcfus should be found
here. They are black or violaceous in color and 10-13 mm. in
length.
II. Cycurus Fab. 1794. (Gr., ‘‘a ground runner.’’)
Beetles of medium or large size, violaceous or brownish-purple
in color, having the head elongate, the mandibles long, slender,
curved and without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side;
labial and maxillary palpi very long, the last joint hatchet-shaped
and concave. The elytra have 14 to 18 very distinct strie, which
are sometimes irregular or replaced by tubercles. The speries live
beneath stones and leaves. usually in moist woods, and feed upon
snails, their long heads having, in the course of time, be-ome especi-
ally adapted to extracting these animals from their shells. For
synopses of the genus see;
42 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis ofthe Species of Cychrus Inhabiting Boreal
America.’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., VII, 1879, 168-185.
Horn.—Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., I, 1879, 79-82.
About 30 species of Cychrus are known from the United States.
Of these but five have so far been taken in Indiana, though two
others perhaps occur.
’
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYCHRUS.
a. Smaller, not over 15 mm.; front tarsi of male broadly dilated, those
of female not dilated; maxille hidden beneath the broad cheeks:
legs stout.
bd. Hind angles of thorax very obtuse; length 12-14 mm.
c. Thoracic punctures very few, limited to the basal impressions;
elytral strive interrupted only at apex. 21. STENOSTOMUS VAR.
ec. Thorax with liumerous punctures between and in the basal im-
pressions; elytral strise interrupted behind the middle.
22, LECONTEL
bb. Hind angles of thorax rectangular; elytral stris interrupted on
sides and apex; length 11-12 mm. CANADENSIS.
aa, Larger, 18-28 mm; front tarsi of male but narrowly dilated; mavxille
exposed; legs slender.
d. Thorax nearly as wide as elytra. the sides much elevated, the hind
angles prolonged backward.
e. Smaller, length less than 20 mm. 23. ELEVATUS.
ce. Larger, length more than 25 mm. 24. UNICOLOR.
dd. Thorax much narrower than elytra, moderately reflexed. the hind
angles not prelonged backward.
f. Form robust; margins of thorax rather wide, distinctly retiexed.
VIDUUS.
ff. Form slender; margins of thorax very narrow, not reflexed.
25. ANDREWSII VAR.
21 (82). CycCHRUS STENOSTOMUS INDIANA: Leng, MS.
Oval, slender. Black; elytra violaceous, their margins bluish. Thorax
broader than long, sides curved, strongly converging on basal half; hind
angles obtusely rounded; disk smooth, the basal impressions linear, deep,
with very few punctures. Elytral intervals slightly interrupted at sides.
more distinctly on apical fourth, but not tuberculate. Length 11-12 mm.
Marion, Posey, Crawford and Jennings counties; scaree. April
4-September 20, Mir. Chas. W. Leng, of New York City. who has
recently made a special study of North American Cychrus, states
that this is a distinct variety of sfenostomus Web.. which differs
from that species by the usually ‘‘total absence of the transverse
basal impression of the thorax.’* [le has given it the varietal name
indiane,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 43
22 (82a). Cycurus Lecontrr Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 15.
Oval, rather robust; color of the preceding. Basal impressions of
thorax broad, with numerous punctures. Elytra deeply striate with closely
placed punctures, the intervals interrupted from the middle to apex, thus
forming elongate tubercles. Length 12--14 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 20-November 5. In
the north it occurs beneath sphagnum mosses and about the borders
of lakes and tamarack marshes, while in the southern counties it is
found in lowland woods.
C. canadensis Chaud. has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati,
and doubtless occurs sparingly in southern Indiana.
23 (86). CycuRcs rLevatus Fab., Mant., I, 198.
Oval, robust. Violaceous or cupreous. Antenne slen-
der, three-fourths the length of body, first joint longer
than third. Thorax with hind angles prolonged over the
elytra, the latter with humeral margins much reflexed.
First joint of front tarsi of male spongy pubescent over
one-half its lower surface. Length 18-19 mm. (Fig. 29.)
Fulton County; rare; one specimen from near pip 99, (After Leng.)
DeLong. July 30. Two were in the Stein collec- Natural size.
tion from Indiana, but without definite locality. Our form, accord-
ing to Leng, is var. flammeus Hald., which ‘‘differs from the true
elevatus by being broader and flatter.’’
24 (86a). CyYcHRUS UNICOLOR Oliv., Bnt., III, 1795, 47.
Resembles elevatus but much larger and more robust. Elytra with a
slight emargination or sinuation a little behind the middle, which is not
present in elevatus. Length 26-28 mm. ;
Monroe, Lawrence, Knox, Crawford and Harrison counties; one
or two specimens from each. Occurs beneath stones in deep ra-
vines. May 3-November 14. 'This is the form often called elevatus
var. heros; the name wnicolor, however, has priority. It is un-
doubtedly distinct from elevatus.
25 (—). CycuHRUS ANDREWSII GERMARI Chaud., Bull.
Mosce., II, 1861, 495.
Oval, rather slender. Violaceous above, black be-
neath. Thorax longer than wide, subcordate, hind
angles obtuse; disk almost smooth, punctate along
the sides, margins narrow, slightly reflexed. Tirst
joint of front tarsi of male as in elevatus. Length
19-22 mm. (Fig. 30.)
A species of southern range, found in small
numbers near Charlestown Landing, Clark Coun-
Fig. 90. (Alter Leng) tY; Also one sperimen from Brown County.
x14 May 21-October 1. This is the form often called
44 FAMILY If.—CARABID.E.
andrewsii Harr.. but. according to Leng. typieal andrewsti occurs
only in the mountain region of North Carolina. is smaller. more
slender and lacks the interruption of some of the strie usually
noted on the apical third of the Indiana specimens.
Tribe III]. CARABINI.
Species of medium or large size. for the most part noted for
their beauty of form, color or s-ulpture. Head not constricted be-
hind the eves; labrum broad and emarginate: mandibles stout.
curved and without bristle-bearing puncture on outer side. Body
not pedunculate; scutellum small. Prosternum prolonged, the
front coxal cavities open behind. the hind cosx not separated.
Males with the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent beneath.
The tribe is represented in the United States and Indiana by two
genera, separated as follows:
KEY TO GENERA OF CARABINI.
a. Third joint of antenne cylindrical. ITI. CaRasts.
aa. Third joint of antennze compressed. . IV. CaLosoma.
TI. Carasts Linn. 1765. (Gr.. ‘fa horned beetle.’**)
Black or brewnish-black species above the average in size and
with the surface of the elytra more or less sculptured. They occur
beneath stones and loves and are nowhere common, not more than 40
specimens having been taken in the State during 25 years’ collect-
ing. Nine or ten species are known from the United States. Of
these four have been taken in Indiana while another probably oc-
curs. For synoptie tables separating the United States species see:
Crotch —Trans. Amer. Ent. Sor.. V. 1876, 247.
Crotch.—Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe.. I. 187s. 66.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARABUS.
a. Thorax punctate beneath; color brassy-brenze; elytra finely granu-
late with broken and continuous elevations. M-EANDER,
aa. Thorax not punctured beneath.
b. Elytra each with three rows of fover or little pits. 2. SYLYOSUS.
bb. Elytra without fovere but with the fourth, eighth and twelfth inter-
vals broken so ax to resemble a series of links.
c. Margin of elvira serrate near the base. 27. SERRATUS.
ec. Margin of elytra not serrate.
d. Elytra black. the margins bluish: intervals equal.
2S.) LIMBATUS.
dd. Elytra bronzed: four of the intervals elevated so as to form
slender ridges. 20, VINES
TUE GROUND BEETLES. 45
C. meander Fisch. is a boreal species which has been taken by
Wolcott near Chicago and doubtless ovcurs in the northern third of
Indiana. He finds it in spring, early summer and autumn, by
tearing the sod away from the large exposed roots of oak and other
trees in sparsely wooded pasture land, the beetle occurring between
the sod and the roots.
26 (120). Carabts sytvosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1828, 75;
ibid. IL, 492.
Elongate-oval, robust. Black; margins of thorax and elytra blue.
Thorax broader than Icng, slightly punctured, margins reflexed. Elytra
elongate-oval, the striwe very fine. Length 27-30 mm.
Laporte, Knox and Vigc counties; rare. May 12—October 3.
Occurs beneath logs in upland sandy woods.
27 (121), CARABUS SERRATUS Nay, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
TI, i823, 77; ibid. IT, 494.
Oval, rather slender. Black with violet margins. Thorax
broad, disk smooth, margins punctured and slightly reflexed.
Elytra elongate, the margin with two or three slight notches
ear the base; strive with distant, deep punctures. Length
20-24 uum. = (Fig. 31.)
Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; rare. Taken from
beneath logs in damp localities. April 15-May 21. Fig. 31.
28 (122). CARABUS LIMBATUS Say, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. II, 1823, 77;
ibid. IT, 493.
Oval, robust. Black with bluish margins. Thorax one-
half wider than long, rather sparsely and shallowly punctate. Elytra
deeply striate, punctures distinct and reziular, intervals convex. Length
25-28 mm.
Fulton, Marion, Vermillion, Vigo, Posey, Monroe and Franklin
counties; one or two specimens from each. April 10-September 3.
Occurs in moist upland woods.
PO (128). CaraBts vinctts Web... Obs. Ent.. 1801, 42.
Elongate-oval. rather slender, Dull black, bronzed:
thorax with a greenish tinge at borders, its surface not
punctate, but more or less finely rugose. Broken inter-
vals of elytra more prominent than in the preceding
species; the striw finely and irregularly granulate-punc-
tate. Length 25-30 mm. (Tig. 32.
Knox, Gibson, Dubois and Spencer counties;
scarce. April 23-June 14. Occurs beneath bark
and other cover in low, moist woods.
Fig. 32.
46 FAMILY II.—CARABID®.
IV, Carosoma Weber, 1801. (Cir, ‘beautiful + body.’””)
Laree species. green, black or bronze in color, having the tooth
of mentum simple and third joint of antenne strongly compressed.
Some of them are very common beneath logs and stones in open
woods and about the borders of cultivated fields. and are often at-
tracted in numbers by electric lights. They are among the most
beneficial of the Carabidx. feeding almost wholly upon caterpillars.
cutworms and other injurious larve. About 25 species are known
from the United States. five of which have been taken in Indiana,
while another doubtless o-curs. The following papers are the prin-
cipal ones treating of the genus:
LeConte.—* Notes on the Spevies of Calosuma Inhabiting the
United States’’ in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. 1862. 52.
LeConte,— Synoptic Table’’ in Bull. Brook. Ent. Sue.. I, 1375.
64.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALOSOMA.
a. Elytra without rows of metallic spots.
b. Elytra black with blue border; iength 20 min. 30. EXTERNUM.
bb. Elytra metallic green with red margin.
e. Length more than 25 mm. 31. SCRUTATOR
ec. Length less than 20 mm. S2. WHILLCOXL
aa. Elytra black, each with three rows of golden or metallic green im-
pressed spots.
d. Spots of elytra green.
e. Length 2U mim.: front tarsi of males with four joints hairy be-
neath. 33. FRIGIDUM.
ee. Length 25 or more mm.: front tarsi of male with two joints hairy
beneath. SAYE
dd. Spots of elytra golden, very rarely green; front tarsi of male wit
three joints hairy beneath. 34. CALIDUM.
30 (124). CaLosomMA ENTERNUM Say. Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Set. TET, 1823; Tours ibid.
TW 96:
Elongare, robust. Blvek, subopaque; side margins
of thorax and elytra blue. Thorax with sides rounded.
broadly flattened and reflexed behind; hind angles
obtusely reunded. Elytra almest parallel to apicai
fourth. the strize with distinet punctures. Teneth
-40 mm. (Fig. 33.)
Throughout the State but nowhere common.
May 13-0 tober 18. O-eurs singly or in pairs
Fig. 338. | After Leng.)
heneath cover in open woods,
THE GROUND BUETLES. 47
31 (127). Catosoma scrurator Fab., Sys.
Hnt., I, 1785, 239.
Oval, robust. Disk of thorax blue or
purplish-black, the margins golden or red-
dish-bronzed; legs blue; abdomen green and
red. Thorax very short, more than twice as
wide as long, nearly smooth, sides and hind
angles rounded. Wlytra striate, punctured.
Middle tibiz of male curved and with a
dense brush of hairs on the inner surface
near the tip. Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 34.) ©
This large green species is one of the
most common and most handsome of the
ground beetles. It occurs in all parts of © Fig, 34.
the State and is often attracted by hund-
dreds to the electric lights of the cities. It is sometimes called the
‘‘searcher’’ or ‘‘caterpillar hunter,’’ as it ascends trees in search of
caterpillars, catching and feeding upon many injurious forms.
Both it and C. calidum give off a very disagreeable odor when
handled. May 11-July 14.
82 (128). CaLosoma wiLLcoxt Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 446.
Very similar to scrutator but much smaller and with a narrower
thorax. Margin of elytra sometimes green. Middle tibice of male straight;
not hairy. Length 18 mm. :
Very common along the beach of Lake Michigan in.May and
June; less frequent in southern Indiana. April 26-June 10. Often
attracted by electric light.
Be / 38 (129). CaLosoMA FrRicipuM Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.,
. IV, 1837, 19.
Oval, rather slender. Black above, greenish-black below ;
thorax and elytra with narrow green margins. Head and
thorax sparsely and rugosely punctate. Elytra with fine
punctured strize, each with three rows of distant, round,
green impressed spots. Length 20 mm. (Fig. 35.)
A northern species which has been taken in Indi-
ana only along the beach of Lake Michigan, where it
is found in May and June in small numbers. May
27-June 29.
34 (142). CaLosoma caLipuM Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1785, 287.
Oval, robust. Black above and below; elytra with three rows of red-
dish or copper colored pits. Head and thorax finely rugose, not punctate,
the latter with broad basal impressions. Blytral strie deep, finely punc-
tured; intervals broad and, as in several of the other species, appearing as
if composed of overlapping scales. Length 21-23 mm. (Fig. 86.)
[423402]
4s FAMILY 1f.—CARABID.E.
Common throughout the State in meadows,
cultivated fields. gardens, ete. It is called the
“fiery hunter,’’ as it is often seen in daytime on
the search for cutworms and other juicy larve.
It is also known to feed upon the voung of the
Colorado potato beetle. The grubs are called
“eutworm Llions.”’ as they capture and destroy
many of those injuricus worms. May 2-July 20.
Fig. 36.
Tribe IV. ELAPHRINI.
Beetles of small or medium size. blackish or bronze in color,
having the eves more or less prominent, antenne rarely longer
than head and thorax. with three basal joints glabrous; labrum
truneate; mandibles stout, coneave and with one bristle-bearing
puneture on the outer side. Body not peduneulate, seutellum dis-
tinct. Elytra not or feebly margined at base. Prosternum not
prolonged hehind the cox, the ¢oxal cavities closed. The tribe is
composed of three genera, two of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ELAPHRINI.
a. Elytra not striate, but with prominent impressions or pits: eyes promi-
nent; tooth of mentum large. emarginate. Vv. ELaparts.
dl. Elytra striate, with small pits beetween the strive; eyes not prominent;
tooth of mentum short, bifid at tip. VI. BLETHISA.
Vo Enapurvs Fab. 1775.) (Gr.. ‘ight in moving;’’ i. e., swift.)
Bronzed and metallic beetles. similar in form but much smaller
than these of the genus Cicindela. They may be found on sunny
days running on sand bars and mud flats near streams and lakes.
and in cloudy weather hiding under plants and rubbish. Head. in
our species, wider than thorax, the latter without marginal bristle-
bearing puncture. Elytra with rows of large, shallow. orbicular
impressions. Eleven species are known from the United States.
five of which have been taken in Indiana. For synoptie tables of
both this genus and the next, see:
Crotch.—Trans. Amer. Ent. Noc., V. 1876, 246.
Crotch —Bull. Brook. Entom, Soc., I, 1878, 6-7
KEY TO INDIANA SPECTES OF ELAPTIRUS.
a, Thorax sparsely punctate; front tarsi of males with four joints di-
lated.
b, Elytra smooth, not punctured.
THE GROUND BEETLES. AQ
e. Under surface of thorax conrsely aud sparsely punctate.
35. CLAIRVILLEI,
ec. Under surface of thorax finely and densely punctate; legs piceous.
36. LaEVIGATUS.
bb. Elytra punctate, at least on sides.
d. Whole surface of elytra sparsely and coarsely punctate; length
7-7.5 mm. 8T. CICATRICOSUS.
dd. Raised portions of elytra between the impressions not punctate;
length S-8.5 mi. Do. FULIGINOSUS
aa, Thorax finely, evenly and densely punetate; front tarsi of male with
three joints dilated; length 6 min. 39. RUSCARIUS.
89 (150). Exnapurus ciarkvituer Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837.
Elongate-oblong. Obscurely bronzed, shining; elytra with a purplish
tinge; legs paler. Tead sparsely punctate, vertex foveate, occiput deeply
impressed. Thorax not wider than head, disk with a deep fovea each side,
the base and apex sparsely punctured on the sides. Elytra with four rows
of eye-like fover, Length 8.5 mm.
One in Field Museum collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Probably
from near South Bend. A member of the boreal fauna.
36 (151). ELarHRUs LevicaTus Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., VY, 1852, 200.
Bronzed. shining, Jegs piceous. Elytra not punctured, the favew
purplish. Length 7-S mm.
Two specimens in Field Museum labelled ‘‘Ind.’’? Ranges from
Michigan to California.
37 (153). FELaprrrus cicaTricosus Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. TV. 1848, 348.
Elongate-oblong. Dull brassy above; bluish beneath; tibize and tarsi
dull yellow. Thorax with a deep median impression and a small circular
fovea each side; the punctures, as well as those of elytra, much more
eoarse and irregular in size than in ruvscurius. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Mud flats, border of cypress swamp, Knox County; frequent lo-
cally. June 29-September 2.
gS (155). Evapirtus FULIGINOSUs Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. LV. 1834,
417; ibid. II, 52!).
Brassy-black. tinged with green above. metallic green below; tibize
and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax and sides of elytra sparingly punctate ;
(lisk of latter in part smooth. Length S-8.4 mm.
A northern species taken sparingly along the bearh of Lake
Michigan near Pine, Lake County. May 20-June 29.
39 (160). Erapirus RuscARIUS Say, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc..
IV, 1834, 417: ibid. IT, 496. 530.
Dull brassy above; metallic green beneath; impressions :
of elytra purplish; Jegs reddish-brown. Thorax coarsely punc- Fig. 37.
tate beneath, the disk with a faint median impression. Length (After Leng.)
6mm. (Fig. 37.)
a0 FAMILY IT.—CARABID-F.
Common along streams and margins of ponds and lakes through-
out the State. April 3-December 25. One specimen from Putnam
County was taken on the latter date. indicating that the species
probably hibernates in the imago stage.
VI. Buernis, Ben. 1513. (Gr., ‘‘to throw.’’)
Resembling Elaphrus but much larger, with proportionally nar-
rower head and smaller eves. Head and thorax parallel, the for-
mer with a deep groove each side; last joint of maxillary palpi-
short. They live during summer near rain pools or small bodies of
water. One of the four species known from the United States has
been taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BLETHISA.
a. Thorax quadrate, smooth above and beneath except in the basal im-
pressions; length 15 mm. QUADRICOLLIS.
aa, Thorax subcordate, finely and densely punctate beneath; length 12 mm.
MULTIPUNCTATA.
40 (164). BLETHISA QUADRICOLLIS Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad.
d Nat. Sei., TIT, 1847. 149.
| Blackish er coppery bronze above: black beneath. Thorax
quadrate, sides feebly curved, margins strongly reflexed,
basal impressions sparsely punctate, hind angles obtusely
rounded. Elytra striate. punctured. each with about ten
fovere arranged in three rows. Length 15 mm. (Fig. 3.1
Represented in the collection by a single specimen.
taken August 15 from beneath rubbish near a deep
pool in the center of a tamarack marsh. one half mile
south of DeLong. Fulton County. Specimens from
Lake and St. Joseph counties are in the Wolcott and
Field Museum collections at Chicago.
B. multipunctata Linn. has been taken in Michigan and northern
Illinois. and doubtless occurs in the northern third of Indiana.
Tribe V. NEBRIINI.
Speries of small ov medium size. mostly black in color: antenne
with four basal joints glabrous: mandibles with bristle-bearing
puncture on outer side; elytra margined at base. Prosternum pro-
longed behind the cox, the eavitivs open behind: hind cox: touch-
ing. Five genera represent the tribe in the United States. two of
which oceur in Indiana,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 51
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NEBRIINI.
a. Size small, not over 5 mm.; front tibia very obliquely truncate, the
inner spur above the apex; vertex suleate. VII. NotTIoPpHILus.
aa. Size medium, S or more mm.; front tibisee not obliquely truncate, spurs
terminal; vertex not suleate. VIII. Nepria.
VOI. Norioppmrs Dum. 1806. (Gr., ‘spring +loving.’’)
Small oblong black or bronzed beetles, having the head hori-
zontal, triangular, striate. and as broad as or broader than the
thorax; eyes prominent; elytra with sides almost parallel, but
little broader than thorax. They oecur beneath leaves along the
margins of open woods and cultivated fields, and in early spring
are frequent about the bases of trees and stumps and the sides of
logs. Eleven species are known from the United States, three of
which have been taken in Indiana. Our species belong to the group
having the front 5-striate.
The latest and best paper on the genus is that of:
Fail, H. C_—‘‘A Review of of the North American Species of
Notiophilus’’ in Psyche, NJIJ, 1906, 79-92.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NOTIOPHILUS.
a, Legs and antennie entirely pale reddish-brown; head much wider than
thorax, the sides of the latter deeply sinuate behind the middle.
41. ANEUS.
aa, Legs dark, cr with the tibize alone paler; antennze pale at base only.
bd, Elytra each with one apical annulate puncture; second elytral in-
terspace equal to two intervals in width; size larger, form stouter.
: 42. SEMISTRIATUS.
bb. Elytra each with two apical annulate punctures; second elytral
interspace broader, equal to three intervals in width; size smaller,
more slender. 43. NOVEMSTRIATUS.
41 (178). NorropHiLus aNEUS Hbst., Col., X, 1806, 235.
Metallic bronze, shining. Thorax coarsely punctured near
base and apex, disk smcoth; hind angles acute, prominent. Punc-
tures of elytral striae deep at base, becoming indistinct behind
the middle; the second elytral interspace as in semistriatus, Fig. 39.
3 (AfterLeng.)
Length 5 mm. (Fig. 39.)
Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce, May 18—June 18.
2 (177). Novrrorriints SEMISTRIATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sve, II,
Se", S13 ibid. TI, 497.
Rather steut. Blackish or purplish-bronze, strongly shining; tibiwe
and four basal joints of antenne usually pale. Terminal joint of palpi
dilated and truncate. Thorax coarsely punctate at sides, apex and base,
{he disk smooth; sides strongly sinuate behind the middle. Elytral strize
ae FAMILY II.—CARABID®.
entire, the inner ones faintly impressed at apex, punctures fine. Length
5 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Putnam, Marion and Posey counties: scarce. April
23-October +. This. according to Fall, is the form usually known
as sibiricus. it having been wrongly placed under that name by Le-
conte.
43 (——). NoTIOPHILUS NovemsTrRIaTts Lec.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. TV,
Is4s, 450.
Shorter, more slender. Metallic brenze. shining: tibise and four basal
joints of antenne pale. Thorax as in semistriatus. the sides less sinuate.
Elytral alutaceous at tip. the strive entire. regularly and distinctly pune
tured. The second elytral interspace is wider than in either of our other
species and. as a consequence, the lateral stri:e are more crowded. Length
+ mm.
Southern half of State: frequent. March 6-October 9. Prob-
ably hibernates as imago. This is the scmistriatus of Leconte. nec.
Say.
VOL. Nesria Latr., 1502.
Species of medium size. having the antenne slender. two-thirds
er more the length of body. joints cylindrical: maxille armed be-
neath with bristles; scutellar striw of elytra always very distinct.
About 24 species are known from the United States. Of these but
one has been taken in Indiana, though two others may possibly oc-
eur. These three spevies are black and have the elytra truncate at
base, the humeri distinct. the third interval with four or five large
dorsal punctures. For literature see :
Horn.—‘ Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of Vebria of the
United States’? ix Trans. Amer. Ent. Sov.. III, 1870, 97-104.
Horn.— Synoptic Table in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soe., I, 1971.
30.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEBRLA.
a. Sides of elytra subparallel.
b, Sides of thorax oblique. not sinuate near base: less black.
SUTURALIS.
bb. Sides of thorax sinuate near base: legs brown or piceous. the tibie
paler. SAHLBERGI.
aa. Sides of elytra rounded: legs pale yellow. +H.) ~PALLIPES.
NY. suturalis Lee., 10-11.5 mm.. and NV, sahlbergi Fisch.. 10 mm.
in length. belong to the boreal, fauna and range from New Hamp-
shire westward. They are likely to be found with other members
of that fauna in the northern third of Indiana,
THE GROUND BEETLES, 53
44 (201). NEBRIA PALLIPES Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 78; ibid.
II, 494.
Elongate-oval. Black, shining; legs and antenne pale yellow. Thorax
short, broad, much narrowed behind, margins rather wide, strongly re-
fexed; hind angles obtuse; disk smooth with a deep median impressed
Ine. Elytra deeply striate, the stri:e finely punctured on the sides; inter-
vals conyex, the third with five larger punctures on the outer side. Length
10-12 mm.
Lawrence, Franklin and Vige counties; scarce. April 15—July
11. Occurs beneath stones and rubbish close to running water.
Probably to be found sparingly throughout the State.
Tribe VI. SCARITINI.
Species variable in size, having the antenna rising from under
a frontal plate; head with one or two bristle-bearing punctures
above the eves; mandibles without a similar puncture on the outer
side; labrum short, emarginate or sinuate. Body pedunculate, scu-
tellum not visible. Elytra not, or rarely, slightly margined at
hase; prosternum not prolonged behind the cox; front coxal cavi-
ties closed behind; hind coxa touching; legs stout, more or less
adapted to digging. The tribe is composed of six genera, all of
which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF SCARITINT.
a. Species of large or medium size, 15 or more mm. in length; basal joint
of antenn:e long; mentum broad, concealing at the sides the base
of the maxillze; one bristle-bearing puncture above the eye and one
at hind angles of thorax.
». Form broad, size large; bind angles of thorax distinct: elytra with
humeral carina. IX. PAsIMACHUS.
bb. Form narrow, size medium; hind angles of thorax wanting; elytra
without humeral carina. X. SCARITES.
aa. Species of small size, Jess than 10 mm. in length; basal joint of an-
tenn:ie short; base of maxille not covered hy the mentum; two
bristle-bearing punctures above each eye and two at hind angles of
thorax.
c, Margin of elytra entire; mandibles flat and curved.
d. Front tarsi slender in both sexes.
e. Thorax globular or oval; terminal joint of male palpi dilated
and excavated beneath. XI. Dyscutrius.
ec. Thorax more or less quadrate; palpi similar in the sexes, not
dilated or excavate in male. XII. Crivina.
dd. Front tarsi dilated in both sexes.
f. Head not striate; mentum feebly emarginate.
XIII. ASPIDOGLOSSA.
ff. Ifead with numerous fine stric or longitudinal grooves; mentum
deeply emarginate. XIV. ScHIZOGENIUS.
54 FAMILY I[.—CARABIDA.
ec. Margin of elytra interrupted behind the middle and with a fold
along the suture; mandibles slender, prolonged, not curved; front
tarsi dilated. XY. ARDISTOMIS.
IX. PasimMacnvs Bon. 1813. (Gr., ‘‘all+fight.’’)
Large, broad species, having the color black, the thorax and
elytra usually bordered with blue; thorax broad, with distinct hind
angles; elytra rounded or subacute at apex; front tibie palmate.
They oecur beneath stones, logs and rubbish in open woods and
along the borders of cultivated fields, preferably in sandy places,
and feed upon larve of various kinds, especially those of the army
worm. For this reason they are to be classed among the most bene-
ficial of the Carabidx. Eleven species are known from the United
States, four of which have been taken in Indiana. The principal
papers treating of the genus are as follows:
LeConte.— ‘Notes on the Species of Pasimachus’’ 7n Bull. Buf-
falo Soc, Nat. Sci., I, 1874, 266.
Le Conic —* Synoptic Table’? tn Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe., I, 1879,
15.
a eee
+ a
4 |
‘hse
fo v \
he is
i < J y \
, N SL 7
A
-
Fig. 40. Fig. 41. Fig. 42.
(After LeConte.) (After LeConte.) (After LeConte.)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PASIMACHUS.
a. Klytra obtusely rounded at apex, feebly striate; spine of middle tibie
compressed, obtuse at tip; hind angles of thorax obtuse, not promi-
nent. . 45. SUBL-EVIS.
au, elytra subacute at apex, not striate; spine of middle tibize slender,
acute; therax more or less constricted ut base. its hind angles promi-
nent.
>. Hind tibie of male not densely pubescent on inner side; form
broad; elytra smooth. 46. DEPRESSUs.
bb. Hind tibiw of male densely pubescent on inner side near the tip.
THE GROUND BEETLES. DO
c. Form elongate; humeral carina long, curved outward in front;
elytra smooth; length 23-26 mm. 47. ELONGATUS.
cc, Form broader; humeral carina short; elytra usually with pairs
of punctures; length 28-30 mm. 48. PUNCTULATUS.
E> (210). PasimMacHUs suBL&vIS Bon., Obs. Ent., 1813, 46.
Elongate-oblong. Black with blue margins. Thorax subquadrate,
rent angles prominent, sides feebly curved, suddenly converging at basal
hird. Elytra with sides parallel, convex; disk with faint rows of small
yunctures. Length 21-28 mm. (Fig. 40.)
Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken from beneath
1 log on the sandy margin of the old canal north of Terre Haute,
Vigo County. May 16.
15 (214). PasIMACHUS DEPRESSUS TF ab., Syst. Ent., I, 1792, 94.
Black, usually with blue margin. Labrum broadly and feebly trilobed ;
nandibles feebly or not at all striate. Hind tarsi long and slender. Fe-
male dull, male shining: Length 24-30 mm. (Fig. 41.)
Common singly or in pairs beneath stones and logs on the slopes
of high hills near Wyandotte, Crawford County. May 17-June 26.
17 (217). PastMacHus ELONGATUS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Iist., LV, 1848,
147,
Black with blue margins. More elongate and less broad than the pre-
-eding; hind tibize and tarsi less slender. Labrum broadly trilobed, the
middle lobe the wider; mandibles finely but distinctly striate. Length
23-26 mm.
Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. May 16-August 26.
18 (218). Pasimactits PuncruLtatus Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
299.
Allied to P. depressus, but differing by the hind tibize and tarsi being
less slender and less elongate, and by the hind tibie of the male being
Jensely pubescent on inner side near tip. Elytra usually with rows of
punctures, approximate by pairs. Mandibles deeply and coarsely striate.
Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 42.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 2-July 6.
X. Scarrres Fab. 1775. (NL, ‘‘a scratcher.’’)
Narrow, oblong black beetles having the body very plainly pe-
Junculate; hind angles of thorax wanting; elytra parallel, rounded
nehind and without humeral carinw; front tibim widened, flattened
ind toothed on outer side.
Two species occur in our fauna, and are quite cu1mmon about
vardens and borders of cultivated fields beneath logs, stones and
rubbish. They feed apon animal food alone and are very hen-
oficial, :
56 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
49 *(220). ScCARITES SUBTERRANEUS Fab.. Syst. Ent., I, 1785. 124.
Black, shining. Head with two deeply indented parallel lines. Thorax
subquadrate, sides nearly straight. finely margined. apex truncate. base
angulate. Elytra distinctly striate. the strise without punctures. Length
15-20 mm.
Throughout the State; common. January 1-July 20. Hiber-
nates as Imago.
HO (2200). SCARITES sUBSTRIATUS Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. IL,
ISH. 54.
Differs from subterrancus only in size. I have seen no intermediate
specimens. nor do I find record of any; hence I regard it as a distinct
form. Length 25-50 mm.
Common throughout the State. April 1-July 7.
XI. Dyscumen-s Bon. 1813. (Cir. “bad +hand.’’)
Small blaek or bronzed. shining species. having a globular thorax
and fiat bowed mandibles. They live in burrows in wet sandy
places. along streams and lakes and may be taken in the evening,
when they run freely about, or at any time by pouring water over
their burrows. which causes them to emerge. About 40 species are
known from the United States. eight of which have been taken in
Indiana, while two or three others perhaps oceur. The principal
papers on this and the next three genera are as follows:
Leconte —*Synopsis of the Species Clivina and Allied Genera
Inhabiting the United States”? in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
1857, 75-83.
Leconte —‘‘Synoptie Tables’? in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., II, 1879,
17. 32. 34.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DYSCHIRIUS.
a. Dorsal punctures of elytra, when present. on third interval only.
b. Third interval of elytra with three punctures.
c. Front without a visible transverse impression: elytral strim reach-
ing apex: femora black. ol. NIGRIPES.
cc. Front with a deep transverse impression.
d. Strie extending to base of elytra, obliterated behind the middle.
e. Thorax transversely ovate: legs and antenne wholly reddish-
brown. o2. GLOBULOSUS.
ce. Thorax globular.
f. Flytral strisze deeper: tibisee and base of antenne reddish-
brown. 93. LONGULUS.
ff. Elytral strive feeble: legs and antenne black. -ENEOLUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 57
dd. Strisee not extending to base of elytra; tip of elytra rufous.
y. Elytral strive strongly punctate; thorax ovate, broader than
long. 54. H2MORRHOIDALIS.
yy. Elytral strive feebly punctate; thorax quadrate-globose.
55. TERMINATUS.
bb. Third interval of elytra with two punctures or none at all.
h. Apical spur of front tibie very short; elytral strive coarsely punc-
tured, absent Gn apicai third: thorax longer than wide.
BREVISPINUS.
hh. Apical spur of front tibie long.
7. Elytral strim deep, entire; clypeus bisinuate and with three
teeth. 56. SPH-ERICOLLIS.
ii. Elytral strive partly abbreviated at base; clypeus truncate.
j/. Thorax ovate, broader than long. TRUNCATUS.
Jj. Thorax oval, not wider than long. 57. ERYTHROCERUS.
aa, Blytra with third, fifth and seventh intervals each furnished with xin-
gle rows of setw-bearing punctures; thorax globose; elytral stri-:e
coarsely punctured. DS. HISPIDUS.
O1 (225). DyscHiriIts NiGRIPES Lee., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 896.
Elongate, slender. Black. strongly shining; anteunze piceous, the
basal joint, tibiz# and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Clypeus bidentate. Thorax
globose with a very fine, median impressed line. Elytral strive fine, dis-
tinctly punctured only on basal half. Vength 3-3.2 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 5. A member of the boreal fauna.
52 (232). DyYSCHIRIUS GLOBULOStS Say, Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc.. II, 1823, 23; ibid. II, 452.
Black or dark reddish-brown, strongly shining; legs
and antennse rufous. Thorax ovate, broader than long,
disk with a median impressed line. Elytral strive ex-
tending to base, distinct, coarsely punctate; wholly ab-
sent on apical third. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 43.)
Throughout the State, frequent; much more so
northward. March 5-August 24. Often taken
from beneath the loose bark of logs in low ground
Fig. 48. (Original.)
woods. x 18,
53 (231). Dyscuirrus LtoncuLus Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 204.
Allied to the preceding but a little smaller and having the antenne
fuscous at apex. Thorax subglob:se (the length equal to the breadth) and
not narrowed in front. Elytra more elongate, with deeper strisw, the punc-
tures of which are absent on apical half. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 17-—October 1.
D. wncolus Lee., black, shining, and 3.8 mm. in length, is also a
member of the boreal fauna and very likely occurs in the northern
third of the State.
wr
Lee
FAMILY U.—CARABID.£.
54.1255). DYScHIRINS ILEMORRHOIDALIS Dej.. Spec. V. 1830, 511.
Blackish-bronzed. strenzly shining: antemue. legs and tips of elytra
pale reddish-brown. Thorax ovate, transverse. LElytral striw coarsely and
deeply punctate, abbreviated at base and obsolete cn apical third. Length
2.$-3.3 mm.
Starke. Lawrence and Fayette counties; frequent. May 11-
August 23.
bo (234). DYSCHIRITS TERMINATUS Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1845.
D2.
Elongate, slender. Black, slightly bronzed, strongly shining; antennz,
legs. abdomen and apical third of elytra obscure reddish. Thorax as broad
as long, strongly convex, without a longitudinal impressed line. Elytral
strie indistinct at base and wholly wanting on apical third, their punctures
indistinct; the dorsal punctures ef third interval located one on basal
third, one near the middle and one slightly behind the middle. Length
aoe TT,
Posey County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath rubbish
in cornfield near river bank.
D. brevispinus Lee., black, shining. 3.4 mm. in length, occurs in
Michigan and Ohio and doubtless in Indiana. ©
56 (237). DyscHIRIUs SPH=RICOLLIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II.
1823. 23; ibid. II, 452.
Black-bronzed; antennz and legs dark red. Thorax ovate, not broader
than long; disk with a median impressed line. Elytra deeply striate, the
strie entire, punctures indistinct on apical half. Length 5.5 mm.
Fayette and Posey counties; rare: also two in Webster collec-
tion. July t-August 23. Our largest species.
D. truncatus Lee., blackish-bronzed, 5.5 mm. in length, occurs in
Illinois and Missouri and probably in western Indiana.
57 (240). DyscHIRIUs ERYTHROCERUS Lee.. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
ISS7,, TS.
Elongate. Blackish-bronzed, shining; legs and antennze reddish-brown.
Front of head with a transverse impression between the eyes. Thorax
subovate, slightly longer than broad, with a fine, median impressed line.
Elytral strie slightly abbreviated at base and absent on apical third.
coarsely punctured; dorsal punctures of third interval located one in front
of middle, the other, very fine. on apical third. Length 4-5 mm.
Putnam Ccunty; rare. July 4.
o 9 (254). Dyscnirivs Hispipts Lee, New Spec. N. Amer. Col.. I. 1882. 4.
Blackish-bronzed. strons!y ~hining; antenne yellowish; legs reddishb-
brewn. Thorax selubese, as broad as long. Clypeus emarginate, two-
teothed. Tlytral strim impressed and coarsely punctate except on apical
THE GROUND BEETLES. 59
third; the punctures of the third, fourth and seventh intervals fine bul
distinct, each bearing a long bair readily visible under a lens when viewed
from the side. Length 3 mm.
Posey and Clark counties; rare. April 18-May 6. Taken from
beneath boards on the banks of the Wabash and Ohio rivers.
XII. Crmina Lat. 1802. (A proper name.)
Small black or reddish brown species closely allied to Dyschirius
but having the thorax more or less quadrate, the sides either strong-
ly oblique or rounded near base; the disk with a median impressed
line. Palpi similar in both sexes, not dilated nor excavated in the
male. They occur in damp places, along streams and lakes, and
may be captured by throwing water on their burrows and then
picking them up as they emerge. Some of the species, as probably
some of the Dyschirius, hibernate in the perfect stage. Twenty-
two species are known from the United States. Of these seven
have been taken in Indiana, while three others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLIVINA.
a. Middle tibise with a spur near the outer tip; clypeus with a lobe each
side; dorsal punctures of elytra three or more.
6. Front femora dentate near the tip; color black. 59. DENTIPES.
bb. Front femora thickened, not dentate; color reddish-brown or piceous.
c. Vertex sulcate.
d. Vertical groove deep and long; head sparsely punctate behind
the eyes; larger, 6-6.5 mm. 60. IMPRESSIFRONS.
dd. Vertical groove shorter, more shallow; head and thorax punc-
tured; smaller, 5-5.5 mn. G1. PUNCTIGERA.
ce. Vertex not suleate; head and thorax smooth; basal angle of
thorax dentate. 62. RUBICUNDA.
aa. Middle tibise without a spur on the outside of tip.
e. Clypeus with a lobe each side; front of head with a pit; front
femora beneath deeply sinuate near the tip; dorsal punctures
three or more.
f. Color in part or wholly brownish-red.
g. Elytra entirely light brownish-red. 63. RUFA.
gg. Elytra brownish-red with a broad black suture. COLLARIS.
ff. Color black; legs dark reddish-brown, antennee paler.
64. AMERICANA.
ee. Clypeus rounded at sides; front femora thickened, not sinuate be-
neath; dorsal punctures two or none.
h. Vertex suleate; thorax elongate; color reddish-brown. FERREA.
hh. Vertex not or faintly suleate; thorax subquadrate; black, elytra
with reddish spots.
i. Thorax nearly smooth. 65. BIPUSTULATA.
ui. Thorax punctate. POSTICA.
60 FAMILY II.—CARABIDA.
59 (258). Curvina pEyTipes Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 415.
Elongate, slender. Black, shining; legs piceous; antenne and
tarsi reddish-brown. Elytral strie distinct, finely punctured.
Length 7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 44.)
Throughout the State: frequent. April 6—Octo-
ber 9.
Fig. 44.
(After Leng) 99 (259). CLIviNa IMpPREssIFRONS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., II, 1844, 50.
Readily known by its uniform reddish-brown hue and the deep groove
of vertex. Elvtral strie distinct. finely punctured. Length 6-6.5 mm.
(Fig. 45.)
Frequent throughout the State, beneath stones
along the sandy margins of streams and lakes, and in
low, damp cultivated fields. April 1-August 30. Said
to do much damage to sprouting corn grains.
61 (263). Curvina puNcrigERA Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei., 1857, 81.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown; elytra
piceous, the antenne and legs a little paler. Vertical groove
evident but shallow, with numerous fine punctuces near its front
end and coarser ones on sides. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral
strie deep, the punctures fine; the third stria with four dorsal punctures.
Length 5-5.5 mm.
Fig. 45.
Dubois County; rare. May 11. Resembles impresstfrons but |
smaller, with shorter and more shallow vertical groove and with
the outer front angles of the clypeus less advanced. A southern
form described from South Carolina.
62 *(264). CLivina ruUBICUNDA Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1857, $1.
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax, antenne and legs reddish-brown;
elytra darker. Head smooth, vertex foveate. Thorax with one or two
dull teeth on each basal angle. Length +.8—5.2 mim.
Vigo and Posey counties; searee. February 10-May 7. Oc-
eurs beneath logs and chunks some distanee from water. Hiber-
nates as imago. A handsome little species, also of southern range.
63 (266). Crivina RUFA Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, IS57, 81.
Uniform light brownish-red. Elytral strive entire, finely punctate.
Length 5 min.
Floyd County; searce, September 29-October 9.
C. collars Werbst, an introduced European species, 5.2 mm. in
leneth, has been taken near Cineinnati and probably occurs in
southern Indiana.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 61
64 (269). CLiIvINA AMERICANA Dej., Spec., V, 1830, 503.
Elongate, slender. Black; legs and very narrow outer margin of
thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown; antennze paler. Elytral striz en-
tire, finely punctulate. Length 5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 1—July 23.
C. ferrea Lec., 5.2 mm. in length, has been taken in Illinois and
perhaps occurs in western Indiana.
65 (275). CLivINA BIPUSTULATA Fab., Syst. EL, I, 1801, 125.
Black, usually with two large, obscure red spots at base of elytra
and two near the apex; legs and antenne reddish-brown. Elytral stris
deeply punctate. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Frequent in the southern half of the State; taken in the north
only in Lake County. April 4—July 4.
C. postica Lee., a southern species, 5.2 mm. in length and hay-
ing the front tibie armed with two teeth, has been taken near Cin-
cinnati and probably occurs in the southern third of Indiana.
XII. Asprpoctossa Putz. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘a shield + tongue.’’)
Represented in the United States by a single, small, black spe-
cies having the mentum feebly emarginate; thorax subglobose;
head without fine grooves; front tarsi dilated in both sexes.
GG (280). ASPIDOGLOSSA SUBANGULATA Chaud., Bull. Mosc.
IV, 1843, 738.
Black, strongly shining; antenne and legs reddish-brown;
elytra with a reddish spot on apical fourth. Thorax short,
subglubose, apex truncate; disk smooth without median line.
Elytra deeply striate. the strive coarsely punctate; second
interval with seven or eight, the fourth with five or six,
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 46.)
Southern third of State; frequent. April 8-Sep- 4
tember 19. Occurs beneath the bark of logs in low,
moist woods; also beneath stones and rubbish near
water. Resembles closely Clivina bipustulata and doubtless con-
fused with that species in many collections. Readily distinguished
by the shorter, more globose thorax and the numerous dorsal punc-
tures of second and fourth intervals. A member of the Austrori-
parian fauna.
XIV. Scuizocgentus Putz. 1846. (Gr., ‘cleft +chin.’’)
Small blackish or reddish brown beetles allied to Clivina, but
having the mentum deeply emarginate: head with numerous fine,
62 FAMILY II.—CARABIDAS.
lengthwise grooves; thorax subquadrate, apex truncate, sides
straight to near base, then strongly oblique or rounded; disk
smooth, with an entire median and two shorter impressed lines;
front tarsi more or less dilated in both sexes. Like the members of
the three preceding genera, they live mostly in damp sandy places.
Three of the eight species known from the United States have been
taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCHIZOGENIUS.
«a. Color blackish; elytra somewhat depressed, strise deep, finely and close-
ly punctate. 67. LINEOLATUS.
aa. Color reddish-brown.
b. Blytra eylindrical, stris indistinctly punctured. GS. FERRUGINEUS.
bb. Elytra strongly depressed; hind angles of thorax prominent before
the base. 69. AMPHIBIUS.
G7 (283). ScHIZOGENIUS LINEOLATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
22; ibid. II, 451.
Uniform blackish or piceous above; dark reddish-brown beneath; an-
tennze and legs somewhat paler. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Vigo and Franklin counties; rare. April 1-June 11.
GS (285). ScHIZOGENIUS FERRUGINEUS Putz., Mon., 1846, 653. :
Color uniform pale reddish-brown; elytral strize deep, punctures feeble.
Length 3 mm.
Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, and Pine, Lake County;
frequent locally. April 29-July 23.
GD (286). ScHizoGENIUS AMPHIBIUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., J,
1842, 299.
Dark reddish-brown; elytra darker than the other parts. Hind angles
of thorax represented by a distinct tooth or cusp before the base. Length
3-3.5 mm.
Fountain, Clay and Owen counties; rare. June 15-August 13.
Known from New York and Missouri.
XV. Arpistomis Putz. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘high + mouth.’’)
Small black or greenish shining beetles having the thorax round-
ed, considerably narrower than elytra: mandibles slender, pro-
longed, not curved. They occur in low moist woods, beneath bark,
stones and rubbish. Five are known from the United States, two
ef which have been taken in Indiana,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 63
TO (202). ARDISTOMIS ViRTbIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Suc.
TI. 1825. 21; ibid. I, 451.
Greenish-black, shining; mandibles, antennie and legs red-
dish-brown, Thorax with a median impressed line. smooth
except along the margins. Elytra not striate. each with three
or four rows of rather fine, scarcely impressed punctures. each
puncture bearing a short. erect hair. the bairs plainly visible
only from the side. Length 5 mm. (Fig. 47.)
Fig. 47.
(After Leng.)
Lake, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. May 16-August
15,
71 (293). ARbistomis PUNCTICOLLIS Putz. Mon. S46, 129.
Resembles viridis, lt more slender and with the disk of thorax spiarse-
ly and coarsely punctured. each puncture bearing a bristie-like hair. Punc-
- tures of elytra coarser and more numerous. Length 5 min.
Southern half of State; frequent. Hibernates as imago. Feb-
ruary 23—June 23.
Subfamily II. HARPALINAE,
The members of this subfamily have the epimera of the meso-
sternum variable in width but not reaching the coxa, the middle
voxal cavities therefore enclosed on the outer side by the junction
of the meso- and metasterna; head marked with one or two bristle-
bearing punctures over each eve; thorax with a similar puncture
at the side and another at the hind angle, very rarely without the
jatter and still more rarely without either; front tibiz always
either obliquely sinuate or deeply emarginate within, the inner spur
remote from apex.
For convenience the subfamily was divided by Horn into two
great groups or sections as follows:
IEY ‘TO SECTIONS. OF TIARPALINCT.
w. ead with two punctures above the eve. each bearing a single bristly
hair. Section I. HARPALIN.E BISETOS.E, p. G4.
ad. Tead with but one bristle-hearing puncture above the eye.
Section II. Harparinae UNISETOS.E, J. 15.
When two punctures occur, the front one is close to the margin
of the eve in front, and the hind one a little remote from the eye.
opposite its hind inarein, Where there is but one bristle-bearing
puneture it is a little removed From the margin of the eve, and is
situated opposite the middle of the eve or a little behind that point,
[5—25dor |
64 FAMILY IT.—CARABIDA.
The internal elytral fold mentioned in the key can only be seen
by lifting one of the elytra. Its purpose is to afford a means of
support to the edge of the abdomen, and at the point of origin of
the fold behind, the last ventral segment is held firmly when the
insect is in repose.
Section I. HARPALIN.E BISETOS.L.
This section is divided by Horn into 2+ tribes, of which 12 are
known to be represented in Indiana, while members of two others
probably occur.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF HARPALIN BISETOS£.
a. Mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture in the groove (scrobe) on
the outer side.
b. Antenne slender. with at most two basal joints glabrous; abdominal
segments entirely cornecus or horn-like.
c, Last joint of palpi awl-shaped; mesosternal epimera wide; length
less than S mm. Tribe IV. BeMBIDIINI. p. 67.
cc. Last joint of palpi slender. elongate or subcylindrical; mesoster-
nal epimera narrow. Tribe V. PoGonrtnt. p. S6.
%), Antenne moniliform or bead-like. feur basal joints glabrous: ab-
dominal segments 3. 4 and 5 narrowly coriaceous or leather-like
on their hind margins. Tribe II. NowqmNr, p. 66.
aa. Mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the scrobe.
d. Margin of elytra interrupted at posterior third and with a distinct
internal fold.
e. Four basal joints of antennz glabrous: body slightly pedunculate:
antennze moniliform; front tibie dilated; length 12-16 mm.
Tribe III. Mortronini. p. 66.
ce, Three (or fewer) basal joints of antenne vlabrous.
f. Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a semi-globu-
lar neck; last joint of maxillary palpi arising obliquely from
the preceding joint. Tribe I. PANAG.-EINI. p. 65.
ff. Head not constricted behind the eyes: last joint of maxillary
palpi arising normally from the end of the preceding joint.
Tribe VI. PTEROSTICHINI. p. SS.
dd. Margin of elytra not interrupted pusteriorly and without an internal
fold.
g. Front of head short; labrum imypressed.
Tribe VII. Licixixi, p. 112.
gg. Front of head normal.
h. Next to last joint of labial palpi with but two bristly hairs.
i. Head elongate, prolonged behind the eyes: neck constricted
and dilated behind into a semiglobular knob.
j. Flytra entire. Tribe XN. CTENoDACTYLINE, p. 157.
jj. Elytra truncate: three basnl joints of antenn:e glabrous.
Tribe XI. OpacaNTHINI. p. 135.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 65
ii. Head not prolonged behind the eyes; neck not semi-globose.
kh. Elytra rounded at tip; tarsal claws simple.
Tribe [X. ANCHONODERINI, p. 187.
kk, Wiytra not rounded at tip.
l. Hlytra obliquely sinuate at apex.
Tribe VIII. PLatTyNIni, p. 119.
ll. Elytra truncate at tip.
m. Front tibise slender; paraglosse membranous.
Tribe XIII. Lrsirnti, p. 141.
mm, Front tibie rather stout, gradually broader to tip; para-
gloss horn-like. Tribe XIV. HELLUONINI, p. 155.
hh. Next to last joint of labial palpi with a number of bristly hairs
in front and always longer than the terminal joint; eyes nor-
mal; first antennal joint elongate.
Tribe XII. Dryptini, p. 139.
Tribe I. PANAGABINI.
Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a semiglobular
-neck; mentum emarginate; labrum with only four sete; anten-
ne rising from under a distinct frontal ridge, three basal joints
glabrous. Body not pedunculate, scutellum distinct. Elvtra not
margined at base, their sides narrowly inflexed. Hind coxe con-
tiguous. Males with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated
and hairy beneath.
The tribe is represented in Indiana by the single genus:
XVI Panagmus Latr. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘all-holy.’’)
Medium sized black or reddish-brown beetles having the clyp-
eus prolonged beyond the base of the scissors-like mandibles; up-
per surface coarsely punctured, and: clothed with erect hairs;
thorax semi-globose, strongly constricted near base, its hind angles
rectangular. They occur beneath stones and logs, usually in sandy
localities. Three species are known from the United States, two of
which occur in Indiana.
72 (295). PaNAGaUS CRUCIGERUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1823,
69; ibid. II, 489.
Head and thorax black; elytra each with two large red spots extend-
ing from the margin to the first or second strize. Thorax with numerous
coarse, deep punctures, its hind angles sumall, acute; elytral strise and punc-
tures deep. Length’ 11 mm.
Two in Stein collection labeled ‘‘Ind.’’; probably from Posey
County. One in Dury collection from Laporte County, Indiana.
Taken also by Dury near Cincinnati.
66 FAMILY If.—CARABID.E.
75 (290). DANAGEUS FASCIATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Bee. TT, 128, 72 ibid, Ty 45%.
Head and therax reddish-brown: elytra reddish-brown
with a black cross-hand behind the middle and another at
tips: jeg< and abdomen piceous. Thorax and elytra punc-
tured as in the preceding. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 48.1
Fig. 45. Thronghout the State; scarce, January 14-Octo-
(AfterLeng.) = her 10, Sometimes found crawling along woodland
paths; hibernates as image.
Tribe Il, NOMIINT.
Antenne arising from beneath a distinct frontal ridge. the
third joint nearly as lone as the two following. Head stout. oval,
neck broad; labrum short, broadly emarginate; mandibles curved.
with a feeble tooth on inner «dee at middle and a bristle-bearing
puncture in the outer groove. Body peduneulate. scutellum in-
visible. Elytra slightly margined at base. Hind cox contiguous:
tarsi not dilated.
The trihe is represented in southern Europe and the United
States by a single species. Vomius pygmaus Dej.. an elongate-ob-
long, chestnut brown or piceous beetle. 7 mm. in length. having the
apex of thorax nearly twice the width of base and the elytra feebly
striate-punctate. While its range is given as ‘*New Jersey. Canada
and Lake Superior. southward and westward to California,”’ no
verified specimen has been seen from Indiana. though one was in
the Stein collection without locality label. It is said to oceur under
stones In moist places and to exude a very ill-smelling liqnid when
disturbed.
Tribe IIT. MORIONINI.
Head suddenly narrowed behind the eves. neck stout: mentum
deeply emarginate. last joint of palpi evlindrical. Elytra feebly
mareined at base, the disk with a single dorsal puncture on the
apical third of third interval, Tlind cox contiguous: front tibia
triangular. not spinose at the onter apical angle: first three joints
of front tarsi Sivhily dilated in the male,
The tribe is represented in the Southern States by a single spe-
cles, Morro monilicornis Latr.. eloneate. shining black, 12-16 mm.
in lenyth, the thorax with deep basal impressions. It lives beneath
bark, has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati. and very probably
ocenrs In the southern third of Indiana.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 67
Tribe IV. BEMBIDIINI.
Beetles of small size, black, reddish-brown: or bronzed in hue,
having the antennex slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal
margin, the first or the first two joints glabrous; mandibles feebly
curved, acute at tip; last joint of palpi awl-shaped, the next to last
elub-shaped and with two setw. Thorax with a bristle-bearing
puneture at the side and another at hind angle; prosternum not
prolonged. Elytra with sides narrowly inflexed, margin inter-
rupted behind the middle, the disk with dorsal punctures; surface
in our genera glabrous.
The tribe is represented in the United States by four genera,
three of which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BEMBIDIINI.
a. Front tibiae not obliquely truncate at apex; sutural strize of elytra not
recurved at apex; scutellar strize present.
b. Eyes large or moderate. XVII. BrmBipIUM.
bb. Eves entirely wanting. XVIII. ANILLUS.
ad, Front tibize obliquely truneate at apex; sutural striz recurved at apex;
scutellar strize absent. XIX. TacuHys.
XVII. Bempipium Latr. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘a buzzing insect + little.’’)
A large genus of small black, greenish, or bronzed beetles, hav-
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Elytra glabrous,
striate; front tibia deeply emarginate, apical angle not obliquely
truncate; hind coxw touching. Males with the first two joints of
front tarsi dilated, the first joint being slightly elongate and nearly
quadrate, the second more or less triangular, with the inner angle
usually slightly prolonged.
The Bembidids occur for the most part along the banks of
streams, ponds and lakes, especially on mud flats and bars. A few
are found in moss and amongst old leaves about the trunks of
trees and stumps or beneath the bark of logs. Several, perhaps
most, of the species hibernate as imagoes.
The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows:
Leconte -—* Catalogue of the Species of Bembidium found in
the United States’? 72 Proe. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sei., 1857, 2.
Hayward, Roland.—‘On the Species of Bembidium of America
North of Mexico’? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. XXTV, 1897.
32-143.
Hayward, Roland—‘Synonymical Notes on Bembidium and
Descriptions of New Species’? 77 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..
NXVIIT, 1901, 156-158.
68 FAMILY It.—CARABID.®.
About 130 species of Bembidium are known from the United
States. Of these 27 have been taken in Indiana, while eleven others
perhaps occur. On account of this large number of species the
genus has, for convenience, been divided into three groups based
upon the position of the dorsal punctures and the form of the hu-
meri of the elytra. The dorsal punctures are located either upon
the third interval or the third stria. In two of the species. how-
ever, viz., levigatum and semistriatum, there are irregular rows of
small punctures upon all of the intervals. These are placed in
their proper sequence in the group having the ‘‘dorsal punctures on
third interval.’’ The form of the humeri, whether rounded into
the sides of the elytra or subangulate with the latter, is also used
as a character of importance. The tables which follow have been
adapted from those given by Hayward, loc. cit., to fit the species
occurring in the State.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BEMBIDIUM.
a. Elytra with two or more dorsal punctures on the third interval.
b. Humeri of elytra subangulate; eighth stria distinct from the margin.
Group A.
ob. Humeri of elytra rounded. Group C.
aa. Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third stria. Group B.
Group A.
In this group the first puncture usually oceurs on the third in-
terval just in front of or just behind the middle, the second one-
third to one-fourth from apex. The humeri are more or less an-
gulate where they meet the sides of the elytra. It includes the In-
diana species of Groups I to IV of Hayward.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a, Elytral strive more or less abbreviated or indistinct behind the middle:
mentum with a short, bifid tooth.
b. Elytral intervals with irregular rows of sparsely placed, setze-bearing
punctures; color green or bronzed. 74. LEVIGATUM.
bb, Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third interval: color black.
very shining. 75. NITIDUM.
aa. Elytral strive entire; mentum with a large entire tooth.
e. Elytra with two quadrate impressions on the third interval, each en-
closing a dorsal puncture.
d. Flytra with the fourth stria sinuate.
ce, Slender, elongate, convex; thorax as long as wide, not wider at
base than apex. 76. IN-EQUALE.
ee, Broader, less convex; thorax distinctly wider than long, slightly
wider at lise than apex. LITTORALE.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 69
dd, Elytra with the fourth stria straiglit.
f. Broad, slightly depressed; thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
not wider at base than apex. 77. CARINULA.
ff. Robust; thorax about one-half wider than long, wider at base
than apex. 7S. PUNCTATOSTRIATUM.
ce. Hlytra without yuadrate impressions; two dorsal punctures on the
third interval.
g. Thorax wider at base than apex, nearly twice as wide as long;
color bronzed, shining. ROBUSTICOLLE.
gg. Thorax not wider at base than apex.
h. Feebly convex; elytral strise deeply punctate, the punctures not
greenish; legs bronzed piceous. 79. CONXENDIX.
hh, More robnst; elytra less deeply striate. punctures greenish; legs
pale brownish-yellow. 80. CONFUSUM.
74 (421). Beneipium Lavicatum Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
St; ibid. II, 499, 550.
Robust, convex. Green or bronzed, shining; antennwe fuscous, the basal
joints and legs dull yellow, the femora darker; under surface nearly black.
Thorax subquadrate, more than one-half wider than long, sides broadly
curved from apex to behind middle, thence sinuate to bise, margins re-
ffexed; hind angles rectangular and carinate; disk smooth, the basal im-
pressions broad and deep. Elytra less than one-half wider than thorax,
the strive coarsely punctured but not impressed. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Southern half of the State; frequent in sandy localities. April
15-July 28.
75 (313). Breupipium niTipum Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., LV, 1537, 55.
Robust, slightly convex. Black or blackish-bronzed, strongly shining.
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, distinctly wider at
base than apex; basal impressions broad, bistriate; bind angles rectan-
gular, finely carinate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate-
Lunctate; the first, and sometimes the second striz entire, the others ab-
breviated behind; intervals flat. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Taken in small numbers by Wolcott near Indiana Harbor, Lake
County. April 23-May 13. A member of the boreal fanna.
76 (308). Brempiwium InquaLe Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., IIT, 1828, 151; ibid. II, 97, 549.
Bronzed, shining; antenne piceous, the basal joint pale
red; legs blackish-green, femora at base and tibi:e more or
less dull yellow. Thorax with sides curved from apex to
behind middle, sinuate in front of hind angles, which are
subacute, not carinate; disk finely alutaceous, median line
deep, basal impressions small, deep, Elytra more than one-
half wider than thorax, alutaceous, deeply striate, the strive
punctured ; intervals convex, the third to sixth more or
less sinuate or irregular. Length 4.7-5.5 mm. (Fig. 49.) Fig. 49. Original.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April 12-Oct. 17. mo
B. littorale Oliv., coppery or greenish bronze in hue and 5-6.5
70 FAMILY II.—CARABID.E.
mm. in length, oe-nrs in Canada and Michigan and probably in
northern Indiana.
71 (305). BEMBIDIUM CARINULA Chaud.. Rev. et Mag. Zool, XX. 1SGS. 239).
Broad, slightly depressed. Coppery bronze to black; antenne and
femora bronzed-picreous. the tibiwe and tarsi often paler. Thorax with the
sides curved in trent, deeply sinuate behind; hind angles subacute. cari-
nate; disk alutaceous, finely wrinkled near base and along the median
line; basal impressions broad. deep. bistriate. Elytra one-balf wider than
thorax. alutaceous, finely striate. the strie finely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm.
A handsome bronzed form, common along the beach of Lake
Michigan and the larger lakes of northern Indiana; also in Craw-
ford County. May 13-Ovtober 21.
TS (304). BEMBIDIUM PUNCTATOSTRIATUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II,
Ta2s.. 842 Wid, IT. ats. S50,
Iobust, moderately convex. Bronzed. more or less coppery: antenne
and legs bronzed-piceous. the femora at base and the tibiwe beneath often
reddish-yellow. Thorax with sides slightly curved in front. sinuate behind:
hind angles prominent. acute. not carinate: disk slightly rugose at base
and along the median Jine, the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytral
strive deep and very distinctly punctate. Length 6.2-7.5 min.
Crawford County; rare. May 17. The larvest species of the
group.
B. robusticelle Hayw.. 5.7-6.2 mm. in length. is known from
Michigan, Jowa and Kansas. and doubtless occurs in northern In-
diana.
7) (311). BeMBIDIUM COXENDIX Say. Journ. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci. II.
1823, 151: ibid. II, 97.
Slightly elongate. rather slender. Greenish-bronze or bluish-black.
shining; antenne, femora and tarsi bronzed-picesus: tibiwe. base of femora
and two basal joints of antennw reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider
than long, sides moderately curved in front. sinuate behind: hind angles
slightly prominent. subacute. very finely carinate: disk minutely alu-
taceous. the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytra one-third wider
than thorax, deeply striate-punctate. TLeneth 5.5-0.5 mm.
Throughont the State; scarce. April 19-September 7. Ovcurs
along moist sand bars of streams. One of the most handsome mem-
bers of the genus.
SO ¢311a). BeEMBIDIUM COoNFUSUM Hayw., Trius. Amer. Ent. Soc., NNIV.
TSO H2,
Moderately robust. convex. Bronzed, vsually coppery. shining: disk
of elytra dull brownish-yellow; legs and lasal third of antenne pale yel-
low, Thorax less than one-half wider than Jong, sides curved nearly to
base; hind angles net prominent, subrectanguar, feebly carinate: disk
THE GROUND BEETLES. 71
alutaceous, finely rugose at Dase, the basal impressions broad, deep, bistri-
ate, Klytra about one-half wider than thorax, the iutervals less convex
than in corcendir. Length 4.5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent; more so in the northern coun-
ties. May 1-September 4. Tuisted as B. nitidulum Dej., which
name was preoccupied. Resembles corendiz, but easily separated
hy the pale lees and green punctures of elytra.
Group B.
In this group the dorsal punctures are on the third stria instead
of the interval and the humeri are either rounded or subangulate.
It inclides the Indiana species of (troups V to X of Hayward.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
«a. Kighth stria of the elytra moderately near but distinct from the margin.
». Humeri of elytra subangulate; elytral striz entire.
ce Elytra with the dorsal punctures large, round impressions; elytra
finely siviate, shining. S81. AMERICANUM.
ec, elytra with the dorsal punctures normal.
d, Form broad, dilated, depressed; hind angles of thorax obtuse;
size larger, G.o=7.2 mm. DILATATUM.
dd. Forma more or less convex and more slender; hind angles of
thorax subrectangular; size smaller, 5.5-6.5 mm.
ce. Feebly convex; thorax scarcely narrower at base than apex ;
elytral stria: moderately impressed. 82. HONESTUM.
ee. More convex; thorax more narrowed behind; elytral striz
more deeply impressed, almost crenulately punctate.
83. CHALCEUM.
bb. Ifumeri of elytra rounded; robust, very convex; elytral strive di-
lated, the first and second entire, the others abbreviated behind ;
blackish-bronzed, the elytra often tinged with green. S4. NIGRUM.
ad. Eighth stria of elytra indistinct from margin ; humeri rounded.
f. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely convex, the basal fovea with either one
stria or with two and the outer one very feeble; legs rufous or
dull yellow. the femora rarely darker.
g. Basal impressions of thorax with the outer stria small but dis-
tinct; size smaller, 4.8-6.2 mm.
h. Blytra with five inner stri:e only entire; thorax one-half wider
than long. S85. GUEXI.
fh. Wlytra with six inner strive entire; thorax more than one-half
wider than long; the elytra less wide as compared with the
thorax; color nearly black, tinged with bronze. FUGAX.
yy. Basal impressions of the thorax with the outer strin obsolete ;
elytra with six inner strise entire, their color variable, usually
dull yellow with darker transverse bands; size larger, 6-8.5 mm.
TRANSVERSALE.
4 FAMILY IT.—CARABID-E.
ff. Thorax cordate. convex. the basal fovea with two striz.
i. Elytra greenish-black, each with a well defined basal and another
subapical spot pale; legs dull reddish-yellow; thorax distinctly
narrower at base than apex. USTULATUM.
ij. Elytra either without spots or with a single pale submarginal one
near apex.
j). Head small, narrower than thorax at apex: elytra with all the
strie entire, dilated on the disk and much finer at sides and
tip: brownish-bronzed with a large oblique. submarginal. pale
spot one-third from apex. POSTREMUM.
jj. Head as wide as the thorax at apex: elytra with only the first
and second striz entire. the others abbreviated on apical hals.
St. PICIPES.
S1 (317). BEMBIDICM AMERICANUM Dej.. Spec... V. 1831. S4.
Rather broad, subdepressed. Uniform blackish-brenzed, mure or less
shining. Antenne one-half the length of body. piceous. the first and second
joiuts and the tibize dark reddish-brown. Thorax more than one-half wider
than long: apex nearly truncate, slightly broader than base: hind angles
subrectangular; disk finely ruzose at base. median line distinct. basal im-
pressions shallow. Elytra finely alutaceous, about one-half wider than
thorax. finely striate, the striw distinctly punctate to behind the middle.
Length 5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 7-September 17.
B. dilatatum Lee., having the sides of thorax strongly curved in
front and the legs dark reddish-brewn. is known from Pennsylvania
and Oklahoma and should oceur in Indiana.
S2.(319). BEMBIDIUM HONESTUM Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. IT, 1823.
S2; ibid. IT, 498-550.
Rather elongate. subdepressed. Bronzed. more or less coppery, rarely
bluish or greenish. shining: antenne and legs piceous. Thorax less than
one-half wider than long, apex emarginate: sides slightly curved in front.
feebly sinuate behind: disk rugese at base. median line deep. abbreviate l
before and behind. Elytra one-half wider than thorax. deeply striate
punctate. the punctures almost obsolete at tip. Length 5.7.7 min.
Lake, Franklin, Marion and Putnam counties: scarce. April
23-December 7. Listed as B. antiquum Dej., but Say's name has
priority.
$5 (320). BEeEMBIDIUM CHALCEUM Dej.. Spee. VW) 1831. 89,
More slender and more convex than honcstum. Coppery bronze. rarely
greenish or bluish-black; less rufo-piceous. the femora at base and tibie
paler. Thorax with sides more strongly curved in front, distinetly more
narrowed and deeply sinuate behind than in honestum. the apex truncate.
Elytra oblong-oval, deeply striate: intervals convex. Length 5.5-.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 15—-September 4.
1b GRUUND biitt LES, 3 73
S4 (325). BEMBIpIUM NIcRUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 85;
ibid. II, 500
Black, feebly bronzed, strongly shining; antennze fuscous, the basal
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than
long, slightly narrower at base than apex; sides curved in front, very
feebly sinuate behind; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate; hind an-
gles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, striee
coarsely and deeply punctate. Length 3.7-4.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. July 10. Probably occurs sparingly
throughout the State.
85 (341). Bempiprum cuexi Chaud., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XX, 1868, 242.
Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed ;
elytra dark brown or piceous, strongly shining; antennze fuscous, the basal
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than Jong, very
slightly narrower at base than apex, hind angles subrectangular, indis-
tinctly carinate. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax, the five inner
strive entire, punctate, the sixth and seventh obsolete on apical half, the
seventh often wanting. Length 4.7-5.5 mm.
Fulton, Vigo, Jackson and Franklin counties; scarce. April
14-August 20. Listed as B. planwn Hald., which name was pre-
oceupied.
B. fugax Lee., 5.5-6.2 mm.; B. transversale Dej.; B. ustulatum
Linn., 5.2-6.2 mm., and B. postremwm Say, 6-7 mm. in length, each
have a known distribution which might bring them within the limits
of Indiana, yet no specimens have as yet been seen from the State.
86 (858). BrmBipium Piciprs Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 18387, 54.
Elongate, rather slender, moderately convex. Black, shining, some-
times slightly bronzed or bluish; elytra rarely with a submarginal pale
spot one-fourth from apex; antenne piceous or fuscous, the basal joint
and legs reddish-brown. ‘Thorax one-half wider than long, narrower at
base than apex; sides strongly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind,
hind angles rectangular, carinate; disk with median line fine, basal im-
pressions deep. Elytra about one-half wider than thorax, rather deeply
striate, the fifth stria represented by a groove at apex. Length 5-6 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 11-October 6. Oc-
curs beneath stones by running water.
Group C.
The species belonging to this group have the dorsal punctures
on the third interval and the humeri rounded into the sides of the
elytra. It comprises the Indiana species of Groups XI to XXI,
inclusive, of Hayward.
a+ FAMILY II.—CARABID.%.
KEY TO.INDIANA SPECLES OF GROUP C.
u. Eyes large or moderately large. convex; outer lobe of maxilke with
the two joints distinct. .
b. Dorsal punctures of elytra on the third interval only.
c Str on front of head normal; elytra distinctly striate. with at
least the first and second stiri entire; strive punctate.
d, Thorax narrower at base than apex.
c. Form depressed; all the striz of elytra entire.
f. Thorax cordate. nearly twice as wide ax long. much nar-
rower at base than apex; legs and base of antenne dull
brownish-yellow. SJ. CORDATUM.
ff. Thorax subyguadrate. but slightly narrower at base than
apex: legs dark reddish-brown. SS. LINTERMEDIUM.
ce. Form more or less convex.
y, Elytra with all the striz entire: head alutaceous.
h. Larger. 5-t) mm.; blackish or piceous. bronzed, the elytra
with pale markings. SO, GRACILIFORME.
Ah. Smaller, +45 mm.
i. Elytra dull brownish-yellow with two fuscets cross-
bands. one slightly behind the middle and another
between this and apex; strize scarcely less deep at
tip. OBERTHURI.
ii, Elytra greenish-bronzed with pale markings; strie.
much finer at tip. , PFRATERNUM.
gg. Elytra with several of the strive abbreviated behind.
j. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate; head very
finely or not at all alutaceous: size very small. not over
3.9 mn. O1. VERSICOLOR.
jj. Hind angles of thorax very finely carinate; head dis-
tinctly alutaceous: bronzed, tinged with green, elytra
with dull yellow markings; size 4.2-5.5 mm.
CONSTRICTUM.
dd. Thorax not perceptibly narrower at base than apex.
k. Thorax squarely truncate at base, the hind angles rectangu-
lar; elytra black, with dull yellow markings: length less
than 5 mm. 92. VARIEGATUM.
kk. Thorax slightly obliquely truncate each side at base: elytra
dull yellow with a bar behind the middle and two or three
spots blackish; length 5 or more mm. 98. POSTFASCIATUM.
ec, Strive on front of head double. often convergent.
7. Frontal striz more or less oblique.
m. Frontal strive but slightly oblique. the outer one interrupted:
size small. not over + mm.
n, Thorax cordate. the base pedunculate or subpedunculate.
o. Moderately convex: thorax scareely wider than leng:
elytra brownish-green with a subhumeral and a small
submarginal spot dull yellow. 94. PEDICELLATUM.
oo. Slightly depressed: thorax one-half or more wider than
long: elytral spots as fn preceding but larger: pune-
tures of elytra finer. 95. QUADRIMACULATUM.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 75
An, Phorax cordate, the base truncate.
pv. Thorax slightly wider than long, distinctly narrower at
Dave than apex; elytra black, slightly bronzed, with
dull yellow markings along the margin. OG. AFEINE,
pp. Thovax Gne-halt wider than Jong, but slightly narrower at
base than apex; elytra piceous or nearly black, with-
out pale spots on margins. MUSCICOLA.
won, Vrontal strive very oblique, strongly convergent, the-outer one
the shorter and often very faint; thorax cordate, truncate
at base.
q. Thorax distinctly wider than long, the hind angles acute;
elytra black, scarcely bronzed, with submarginal spot and
apex more or less dull vellow: larger, 3.2—+ min.
97. ANGULIFERUM.
qq. Thorax scarcely wider than long, the hind angles rectangu-
lar; elytra brownish-bronzed with subapical spot and
apex pale; smaller, 2-2.7 mm. 9S, ASSIMLLE.
i. Frontal strim nearly straight. the cuter one entire; elytra black
or sreenish-black. shining. with a submarginal spot and apex
dull yellow; length 3.2-3.5 mm. SULCATUM.
bb. Dorsal punctures of elytra in irregular rows on all the intervals,
each puncture bearing a distinct, bristle-like hair; all the strix
abbreviated behind the middle. 99, SEMISTRIATUM.
ad. Isyes small, flattened; outer lobe of maxilke with the two joints united;
color uniform reddish-brown. OBLONGULUM,.
ST (366). Brarpinrem corpartum Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Iist.. IV, 1S48, 457,
Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax coppery or greenish-
bronzed, alutaceous; elytra dull brownish-yellow, with a humeral spot, a
smnall oblong spot on third interval and two cross-bands connected by a
sutural line, bronzed or nearly black. ‘Thorax with sides strongly curved,
sinuate near base: hind angles rectangular, finely carinate; basal impres-
sions rather deep, bistriate. ‘the outer stria very feeble. Elytra one-third
wider than thorax, striw finely punctate to behind the middle; intervals
flat. Length 5.5-6.2 min.
Vigo County; rare. June 19-July 3.
SS (38S) BEMBIDICM INTERMEDIUM Kirby, Faun. Bor.
Aiiwer.,. TV's Tseng si
Elongate, slightly depressed. Dark yreenish-bronzed ;
elytra with the apex, a small subapical spot near the
margin and rarely a short cross-band in front of middle.
dull brownish-vellow ; antenne fuscous, the basal joints
paler. lead and thorax alntaceous, the latter with sides
curved to behind middie. thence oblique to base; hind
angles obtuse. carinate; dasa! impressions small, rather
deep, bistviate. Ielytra one-third wider than thorax, the :
stri finely punctured to lehind the middle; intervals Fig. 50.
fiat. Length 3.74.5 min. (Fig. 50.) (Original.) 6,
TH FAMILY IT.—CARABID.£.
Throughout the State; scarce. February 1-December 25. Hi-
bernates as imago beneath logs. etc.. in low. damp places.
So) (——). BEMBIDIUM GRACILIFORME Hayw.. Trans. Amer. Ent. Sec.. RNY,
IS0T. OT,
Elvneate. rather slender. slightly convex. Head and thorax blackish-
brouzed; elytra bronzed piceous. shining. with a subhumeral blotch. a
cress-band behind the middle and sometimes the apex. paler. the markings
often indistinct: antenme piceoux, the basal joints and legs dull yellow.
Thorax subcordate. one-half wider than long. distinctly narrower at base
than apex: sides curved nearly to base. deeply sinuate in front of hind
angles, which are rectangular and carinate. Elytra slightly wider than
thorax. the strive distinctly punctate to behind middle; intervals convex.
Length 5-3.7 mm.
Lake and Vigo ccunties; scarce. April 25-October 1.
B. oberthiiri Hayw.. +4.5 mm. in length. is known from Massa-
chusetts. IHinois and Iowa and should oceur in northern Indiana.
90 (377). BEMBIDIUM FRATERNUM Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Us57. 6.
Slightly robust. moderately convex. Dark wzreenish-bronzed; elytra
with a narrow transverse band one-third from base, another one-third from
apex and an apical spot. paler. the three usually connected along the mar-
gin, often indistinct; antenne picecus. paler at base: lezs reddish-brown.
Thorax slightly subcordate. finely alutace;us. one-half wider than long:
basal impressions broad. deep; sides broadly curved, sinuate near base;
hind angles rectangular. carinate. the carine lone. Elytra one-half wider
than thorax. the xstriw punctate to behind middle; intervals nearly flat.
Length +4.5 mm.
Steuben. Fountain and Lawrence counties; scarce. July 6
August 16.
1 (301). BeEMBIDIUM VERSICOLOR Lec... Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 184s. 460.
Slightly elongate. moderately ccnvex. Head and thorax greenish-
black. slightly bronzed: elytra usually dull yellow. with three cross-bands.
more or less connected along the suture. piceous or nearly black; antenn:e
piceous, the basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subcordate. one-
half wider than long: sides stronzly curved in front. deeply sinuate near
base: hind angles rectangular. carinate. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, the strive rather deep. distinctly punctate to behind middle. the
outer ches chsolete on apical half. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. March 1-October 11. One
of our smallest species.
B. constrictum Lee.. has a wide distribution over the Eastern
United States and should occur in Indiana,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 77
*92 (387). BreMBIDIUM VARIEGATUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
893; ibid. II, 499, 550.
Moderately broad, slightly convex. Iead and thorax blackish-bronzed,
alutaceous; elytra black with a few dull yellow markings, or dull yellow
with black markings (form patrucic) ; antenne fuscous, the basal joints
puller; legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex;
sides slightly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind; basal impressions
hroud, deep, bistriate; hind angles rectangular, strongly carinate. Elytra
one-half wider than thorax, strive entire, distinctly punctate to behind mid-
dle; intervals convex. Length 3.5-4.7 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Often
attracted in summer by electrie light. February 26-December 25.
In the form patruele the ground color of the elytra is dull brown-
ish-yellow with a humeral spot, a narrow line along the suture and
three more or less interrupted, sinuous cross-bars, black. In a
large assemblage of specimens these dark markings gradually be-
come broader and more extended until the black predominates, the
elytra being then spotted and banded with dull yellow as in the
typical variegatum. Both forms are common in Indiana, the dark
one being much the more so.
93° (9252). BEMBIDIUM POSTFASCIATUM Hamilton, Can. Ent., XXYV., 1893,
305.
Form broad, dilated, slightly convex. Head and thorax coppery-bronze,
alutaceous; elytra dull brownish-yellow with a small spot on third in-
terval, a cross-band about the middle and another near the apex blackish ;
legs dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long,
as wide at base as apex; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate; hind
angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than thorax,
deeply striate, the striz dilated at base, finely punctate; disk with a trans-
verse depression behind the scutellum. Length 5-G mm.
Southern fourth of State; frequent. February 11-July 28.
Taken along the Wabash and White rivers from beneath the bark
of sycamore and other trees; also on low, sandy mud flats. Huiber-
nates as imago.
94 (419). BEMBIDIUM PEDICELLATUM Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., 1857, 6.
Elongate, moderately convex. Piceous bronzed, elytra
each with two pale spots; antenne fuscous, paler at base;
legs pale yellow. ‘Thorax cordate, one-half narrower at
base than at apex, sides curved in front, sinuate behind;
basal impressions small, hind angles scarcely evident, not
earinate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, the stri:e
distinctly, not closely, punctate; intervals nearly flat. Length
3-8.7 min. (Fig. 51.)
Southern half of State; frequent. March 25-No- Fig. 51.
(Original.) 6.
vember 10.
Ts FAMILY 1f.—cARABID.E.
95 (417). Bempipiea QuapRimactiatTtum Linn.. Syst. Nat. TI. 175s, 416;
Sing ds, bey TT. S01, Si:
Moderately elongate. slichtly depressed. Wead aud thorax bronzed or
blackish-bronzed. shining: elytra brownish or black. with a triangular
subhumeral spot and a smaller «ne behind the middle. dull yellow: an-
tenme piceous. the Intsal joints and lez< dull yellow. Length 2.7-3.7 mn.
Southern half of State: scarce. April 11-December 27. Re-
sembles pediecllaftum but is less convex and with punctures cf ely-
tra finer and more closely placed: elytral spots more distinet. H1-
bernates as Imago.
96 (407). BEMBIDIUM AFFINE Say, Trans. Amer. (hil. Soc... TE. son. sa:
ibid. TL, 401.
Slightly elongate. convex. Black or piceous. siightly bronzed. shining :
elytra with a small spet near humerus. a large. triangular submaryin il
one at middle, a small one one-fourth from apex and often the apex. dull
yellow: antennie fuxcous, the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Thorax
slightly wider than long. sides curved in front, sinuate behind. hind antes
rectangular, very finely carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than
thorax. strive distinctly punctate the first and second only entire. TLeneth
25-3. nm,
Throughout the State; common February 20-November >.
Hiibernates as imago.
B. muscieola Hayw., 2.5-3.2 mm. in length. has been taken in
Michigan and northern Illinois and should be found in the north-
ern third of Indiana.
7 (410). Besepipluy ANGULIFERUM Lec.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. WV. iss2. 185,
Slightly elongate. convex. Black. feebly bronzed. shining: elytra with
dull yellow markings as given in key: legs reddish-brown to piceous.
Thorax much narrower at base than apex: basal impressious deep, with
one stria; sides curved in front. sinuate behind: hind angles acute. cari-
nate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax. strie punctate. feebly impressed.
especially on sides: intervals nearly flat. Length 3.2-4+ mm.
Lake County; rare. May 5. A species of northern range. ex-
tending across the continent.
OS (414). BespritmM AssIMILE Gyll.. Ins, Sue. TI, 1810. 26,
Moderately robust. Black: elytra pice sus or brownish with submar-
ginal spot and apex paler: anterne fuscous, paler at base: legs dull yel-
low. ‘Thorax narrower at base than apex, sides strongly curved in front.
distinctly sinuate behind: hind anzles rectangular. disk sparsely and
coarsely punctate at base and apex: basil impressions deep. unistriate.
Klytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, coarsely punctate. the punctures
obsolete on apical half. Leneth 2-2.7 mm.
Lake. Laporte and Vigo counties: svaree. May 5-Ocvtober 21.
Our smallest species. The subopaque pale spot is ovellate, beinw
THE GROUND BENTLES. 79
surrounded by a distinct ring; darker than the remaining surface
of-elytra.
B. silcatum Lee., a member of the boreal fauna, has been taken
in Michigan and northern [linois and should occur in northern In-
diana.
89 (420). BespioremM semistervrem Wald, Proe. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci. 1,
IS43, 303.
Slightly elongate, convex. Nearly black, feebly bronzed, the elytra
often tinged with brownish; antenne piceous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Frontal grooves single, straight, parallel. Thorax subcor-
date, one-half wider than long, distinetly narrower at lase than apex;
sides strongly curved in front, sinuaie behind; Jasal impressions deep,
histriate; hind angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, finely striate, the striz with deep, rather distant punetures, these
obsolete on apical half; intervals flat, with punctures as mentioned in
key. Length 3.7-4.2 mm.
Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from beneath dead
leaves above a hillside spring. The seta arising from the dorsal
punctures are very distinct beneath a lens. Oveurs from New Ene-
land to Kentucky.
B, oblongulum Mann., +.2-5.5 mm. in length, has been taken in
Ohio and Michigan. It is a member of the boreal fauna and should
be found along the northern border of Indiana. Two specimens
were in the Stein collection without locality label.
XVIIL Anmuts Duval. 1851.) (Gr.. ‘‘ without + lght.’’)
Very small brownish species, having the eves entirely wanting
and hind coxe separated. They live in caves or under stones on
the slopes of wooded hills. Four species are known from the
United States, one of which has been taken in Indiana,
100 (429). ANILLUS rorTIS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1868, 127.
Klongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, shining; antenme and legs pale yel-
low. Lend with a shallow groove each side of front. ‘Thorax wider than
long, sides slightly curved to behind middle, thence feebly converging to
base, which is narrower than apex and squarely truncate; disk with a
single bristle-bearing puicture each side near front angle, median line
fine, hind angles rectangular. Elytra with a few discal rows of very fine
punctures, some of which bear single. long, erect hairs; the punctures ab-
seut on sides and apex, plainly, visible only when viewed from the side.
Length 1.7-2 mm.
Rare, or so small-as to be overlooked, Two specimens were
taken from beneath stones on a wooded slope near Wyandotte Cave,
Crawford County. May 27. When their cover was removed they
ran aimlessly about, instead of seeking some new retreat,
PE—BSA02 |
Mw FAMILY II.—CARABID-£.
XIX. Tacuys Schaum. 1360. (Gr., ‘‘swift.””)
Very small black or brownish species having the characters of
the tribe Bembidiini. Front tibie obliquely truncate at apex;
elytra glabrous. either striate or wholly without stria, except
that at suture, which is recurved at apex. They occur for the most
part in damp places. beneath the bark of partly decayed logs and
stumps; also in moss and ant hills and beneath chunks on mud
fiats. When uncovered they run very rapidly, whence the generic
name. Abeut 45 species are known from the United States: of
these 15 have been taken in Indiana.
The only paper treating of the genus is by:
Hayward —‘ A Study of the Spe+ies of Tachys of Boreal Amer-
ica’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NN VI, 1599, 191-238,
For convenience Hayward divided the genus into nine groups.
his primary division being based upon the presence or absence of
punctures on the mentum. Of this character he savs: ~*‘The
mentum varies in the different species being more or less emargi-
nate in front. with a tosth of varying prominence at the bottom of
the emargination. In rather more than half of the United States
species there may be observed, behind the tooth, two large fora-
meniform punctures which are entirely absent in the other group.
These are not difficult to detect, even with a hand lens. and as soon
as recognized. their presence or absence ean be readily determined.
even in the smallest forms.’’? Since only one-third of the spesies
treated by Hayward oceur in Indiana, they will be separated into
but two groups. and this is done only to lessen the length of the
keys to species.
Fiz. 52. a, mentum of T. rivar; 6. mentum of T. prerimu:: ¢, thorax of T. inecrts: d, thorax of T. ‘rij wretatwe.
After Hayward.)
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA TACHYS.
a. Mentum without large punctures behind the median tooth (Fig. 52. a1:
marginal xtrin of elytra interrupted or Jess deep at middle.
; Group A.
ac. Mentum with two large forameniform punctures behind the tooth.
CEG. 52.0.) Group B.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 81
Group A.
This group ineludes the Indiana species of Groups I-IV of Hay-
ward.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
¢. Thorax broadly muargined, the margin translucent; third interval of
elytra with two small dorsal punctures very near the third stria;
apical third of elytra yellowish. 101. FLAVICAUDA.
aa. Thorax narrowly margined, the margin not translucent.
v. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria parallel to the
margin; dorsal punctures two, the first on the fourth stria near
the base, the second on the third stria near the apex; color jet
black. 102. NANUS.
bb. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria short, nearly
parallel to the suture; dorsal punctures two, placed on the third
stria when the latter is present, the second but slightly behind the
middle.
«. Elytra with none of the striz punctate.
d. Thorax with the transverse impression near base not tripunc-
tate at middle (Fig. 52, ¢); elytra with the sutural stria
deep, the other striz obsolete.
c. Very convex; thorax scarcely as wide at base as apex, the
sides strongly rounded in front, oblique behind.
108. GRANARIUS.
ec. Moderately convex; thorax a little wider at base than apex,
the sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind;
elytra distinctly wider than thorax.
f. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the elytra with an ill-de-
fined stripe each side, or with subhumeral and subapical
spots, paler; form moderately elongate. 104. INcURVUS.
ff. Uniform light readish-brown or brownish-yellow, elytra
rarely slightly darker on the disk; form very elongate.
105. DoLosus.
dd, Thorax with the transverse impression near base with three
large punctures at middle. (Fig. 52, d.)
g. Thorax not wider at base than apex; elytra distinctly wider
than thorax with a sutural and one to three abbreviated
dorsal striz. 106. XANTHOPUS.
gg. Thorax wider at base than apex.
h. Form subdepressed; dark brown or piceous; thorax but
slightly wider at base than apex. 107. TRIPUNCTATUS.
hh. Form convex.
i. Reddish-brown or piceous, the elytra paler at sides and
tip; thorax distinctly wider at base than apex.
108. vIVAx.
ii, Black, very shining: legs pale; sides of thorax rounded
to behind the middle, sinuate behind. 109. CAPAX.
ce, Elytra with the sutural stria distinctly punctulate; form robust;
reddish-brown ; thorax tripunctate at base. 110. FERRUGINEUS.
Se FAMILY I1.—CARABIDE.
#101 (450). Tacuys FLlasicatps Say. Trans. Amer.
Phih See. IL wen. st: ibid. IT. 502,
Rather broad. fteebly convex. Dark piceous or near-
ly black. the apical third of elytra yellowish: anten-
ne and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax sulquadrate. one-
half wider than long: sides feebly curved, base trun-
eate, a little wider than apex; hind angles rectangu-
lar, not carinate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax.
z : the five inner strive moderately distinct. Leneth 1.5-
Fig. 53. (Original) 1S mm. (Fig. 53.)
Throughout the State; frequent. January 6—-Décember 25.
Ocecurs beneath bark. especially that of elm and butternut.
2102 (449). Tactrys Nants GylIb. Ins. Suee.. TL 1810, 30.
Flonezate. depressed. Black, shining. very finely alutaceous: antenne
piceous. the basal joints and tibiz and tarsi more or less reddish-brown.
Thorax subyuadrate. abuut one-half wider than Jong. not wider at base
than apex: sides rounded in front, slichtly sinuate near base. hind anzlex
rectangular, not or but feebly carinate. Elytra subparallel. slightly wider
than thorax, the four or five inner strise distinct. without punctures.
Length 2.2-3 mm.
Throughout the State: common. January 1!—-November 20.
Oveurs beneath bark and leaves.
103 (462). TacHys GRANARIUS Def... Spec. Vo isc, 61,
Robust. convex. Color variable. usually piceous or nearly black: elytra
often mere or less brownish and somewhat translucent. s:metimes reddish-
brown, very shining: antenn fuscous. the basal joints and legs dull yel-
low. Thorax subquadrate. one-half wider than long: base truneate. hind
angles subrectanzular with a short. fine carina: transverse impression near
base deep, finely punctulate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax. dorsi
punctures small. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Putnam County; scarce. March 5-Oetober 10. Oveurs beneath
stones and leaves on damp. woeded hillsides.
*104 (461). Tacnys rnctryeus Say. trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. TV. 1834. 440:
ibid, II. 554,
Elongate. moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown to nearly black.
shining: the elytra with an indistiuct pale yellow stripe reaching from
humerus nearly te apex. this often interrupted at middle: antennze fuse wus.
the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Thorax quadrate. one-half wider
than Jeng: transverse impression near base. deep, finely punctate: hind
angles rectansular, with a short carina. Elytra distinctly wider than
thorax. with only a moderately deep sutural stria, a second faint one often
visive, “Leweth 17-25 im,
Threngheut the State; common. lanuary 21-October 21, Qe-
curs beneath rubbish in open woodland and often in nests of ants.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 83
105 (466). Tacuys porosus Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., [V, 1548, 470.
Very elongate, slightly convex. Brownish-vellow or pale reddish-brown,
shining; antenn and legs paler. ‘Phorax quadrate, about one-half wider
than long, slightly wider at base than apex; basal impressions small, mod-
erately deep; hind angles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra elongate,
nearly one-half wider than thorax, with a deep sutural stria which does
not reach the base. Length 2.2-2.7 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 21-June 26. A few specimens taken
from beneath cover in sandy places near Pine and Clark Junction.
106 (456). Tacuys xanTHoptUs Dej., Spec. V, 1831. 60.
Robust, convex. Piceous or nearly black, shining, the elytra indis-
tinctly paler at tip; antemme piceous, the basal joints aud legs dull yellow.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved in front, oblique
behind; basal impressions broad. deep; hind angles subobtuse, not cari-
nate. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-October 17. Often
found running about on mud flats in the daytime.
107 (453). Tacuys rrrpunctatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,
439; ibid. II, 553.
Rather elongate. subdepressed. Brown or piceous, shining, the elytra
slightly paler at the sides; antenuw fuscous, the basal joints paler; legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than long; sides rounded
in front, slightly sinuate near base; hind angles rectangular, with a short,
fine carina. Elytra with a sutural and three or four abbreviated dorsal
strive, the inne three deep, the first only entire. Length 2.7-8.2 mm.
Perry County; rare. May 16. Described from Posey County.
108 (454). Tacuys vivax Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Ilist., IV. 1S48, 46s.
Rather robust, convex. Reddish-brown., rarely rufo-piceous, shining.
the elytra pater at sides and tip: antenne and legs pale yellow. Thorax
more than one-half wider than long; sides rounded in front. feebly sinuate
behind; hind angles rectangular with a short fine carina. Elytra with three
ot
or four inner strive distinct, the inner two deeper. Length 2.2-2.7 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. April 17—-Neptember 9.
109 (455). Tacuys capax Lec. N. Sp. N. Am. Col., [, 1863, 20.
Rather elongate, convex. Black, very shining; antenne dark fuscous.
paler at base. Thorax one-half wider than long, wider at base than apex,
basal impressions broad, deep; sides strongly rounded to behind the middle.
sinuate for a short distance in front of hind angles, which are rectangular
and finely carinate. Elytra oblong-oval. less than one-half wider than
thorax, the two inner strive deep, the third feebly marked. Length 2.3-3 mm.
Knox and Fayette counties; rare. April 25-Jime 25. A spe-
cies of southern range, taken from the edge of evpress swamp.
84 FAMILY II.—CARABID&.,
110 (459). Tacuys FreRRUGINEUS Dej., Spec. V, 1831, 59.
Robust, strongly convex. Uniform reddish-brown, shining, often trans-
lucent; antenn:e dusky, paler at base. Thorax one-half wider than long,
sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind; hind angles rectangu-
lar, not carinate. Elytra inorce than one-half wider than thorax, with a
deep sutural and a finer abbreviated second stria, rarely with traces of a
third. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent; much less so northward.
April 17—May 28. Occurs usually in the nests of ants, though some-
times beneath chunks in damp localities.
Group B.
In this group the mentum is marked behind the median tooth
with two large deep punctures. Five species are known from the
State. They comprise the Indiana species of Groups V-IX of
Hayward.
DES
Fig. 54. a, Front tarsus of 1. prozimus (male); b,
a \ antenna of 7. levus; c, front tarsus of 7. corruscus
\\\N (male.) (After Hayward.)
ad
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIKS OF GROUP B,
a. Elytra with the marginal stria broadly interrupted at middle (obsolete
in l@vus).
b. Recurved portion of the sutural stria very short, parallel with the
suture, not hooked at tip; two dorsal punctures on the third in-
terval near the third stria; form depressed; length 1.2-1.5 mm.
111. Lvus.
bb. Recurved portion of the sutural stria loug, nearly parallel to the
suture, distinctly hooked at tip; the first dorsal puncture on fourth
interval, the second enclosed within the recurved portion of the
sutural strin; length 2.3-3.2 mim.
c, Male with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated (Jig.
54, «) 3 elytra oblong-oval, pale with an ill-defined dark blotch
behind the middle. 112. PROXIMUS.
ce. Male with only the basal joint of the front tarsi dilated (Tig.
54, ¢).
d, Males with the immer angle of the dilated joint of front tarsi
without a spine; color more reddish than in prorimus, with
the dark blotch of elytra better defined, frequently extending
to the margin. 118. scITULUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 85
dd. Males with a prolonged spiniform process at inner angle of di-
lated basal joint of front tarsi; elytra uniform piceous or dark
reddish-yellow. lit. corruscws.
aa. Elytra with the marginal stria deep, entire; twe small dorsal punctures
on third interval; thorax much narrowed at base; elytral strise punrc-
tate. 115. EPHIPPIATLS.
111 (445). Tacuys tavus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1828, 88; ibid.
II, 503.
Oblong, subdepressed. Head and elytra piceous; thorax dark reddish-
brown; antenne bead-like (Fig. 54, ), fuscous, two basal joints and legs
pale. Thorax narrowed behind, nearly twice as wide as long; sides strongly
curved to near the base, which is slightly narrower than apex; basal im-
pressions small, deep; hind angles obtuse, not carinate. Elytra about one-
half wider than thorax, with a sutural and one to three abbreviated dorsal
strie; marginal striz obsolete. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 18-June 17. Occurs
especially beneath leaves along the borders of marshes. Our smal-
lest Tachys and one of the smallest of our Carabide.
*112 (4383). TacHys PROXIMUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 88;
ibid. II, 503.
Elongate, subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous; elytra dull yellow,
usually with an ill-defined dusky cloud on the middle of disk, their surface
shining with a silken luster; antennee fuscous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than long, as wide at
base as apex, sides curved in front, more or less sinuate behind; hind
angles subrectangular. Wlytra with two or three inner striz distinct, not
punctate, the others obsolete. Length 2.7~3.2 mm.
Throughout the State, common in the southern counties; less so
northward. February 26—October 31. Hibernates as imago.
118 (485). Tacuys sciTtuLus Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 471.
Slightly elongate, dépressed. Dull reddish-yellow, the head, and rarely
the thorax, darker; elytra with a more or less distinct fuscous or piceous
cross-band behind the middle; antennie fuscous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex, nearly twice
as wide as long; sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base, hind
angles obtuse. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, finely striate, the four
or five inner striz usually distinct, not punctate. Length 2.5-3 mun.
Southern half of State; frequent; much less so northward.
April 19-October 17. Occurs on mud flats or beneath rubbish close
to water. The females of this species are difficult to separate from
the paler ones of pro.rimus. They have the thorax proportionally
wider as compared with the length, the sides very slightly if at all
sinuate near base. The color is usually more reddish, with the dark
discal space forming a transverse band instead of an ill-defined
blotch.
86 FAMILY TI.—CARABEDLE.
Tit (440). Tacutys corruscus Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., LV. 1S48, 472.
Itather slender, subdepressed. Uniform black to piceous, rarely dark
reddish-vellow ; antenme fuscous, the basal joints paler; legs pale yellow.
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, as wide at base as
apex; sides curved in front, oblique near base; hind angles obtuse, not
cavinate. Elvtra each with a sutural and one to three feebly impressed
dorsal strike, and with four to six long, pale. erect hairs near the tip.
Length 2.2-2.7 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent; rare in the northern coun-
ties. April 18-Octoher 17. The elytra are often more or less iri-
descent. The uniform dark color and pale legs, taken in connec-
tion with the other characters, render its identification easy.
Tis (470). Taenys spuipriaTts Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. See, IV. 1834,
439. ibid. TI, 553,
Elongate, slender, convex. Pale brownish or reddish-yellow. shining ;
elytra with a large, common dark brown spot on middle and usually a
smaller indistinct one near the scutellum; antennz and legs dull yellow.
Thorax subcordate, narrower at base than apex. widest before the middle;
sides curved in freut, sinuate behind, hind angles rectangular. Elytra one-
half wider than thorax, dorsal strive six, moderately deep, punctured.
Length 2.5-3.2 mim.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 12—September 3. Oc-
curs on damp sandy spots along the margins of streams; also taken
hy sifting in early spring.
Tribe V. POGONINI.
Small or medium sized beetles, having the antennx slender, aris-
ing from under a feeble frontal ridge, the first two joints glabrous;
labrum short, truncate or broadly emarginate; mandibles feebly
curved, with a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove; last
joint of palpi not awl-shaped, the next to last not pubescent.
Thorax with a bristly hair on each side and at hind angles. Body
not peduneulate, scutellum distinct. Elytra more or less striate,
with dorsal punctures present. Hind coxe slightly separated hy
the mesosternum. Front tarsi of males with two joints dilated and
covered beneath with small scales.
Four veuera represent the tribe in the United States, three of
which oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF POCGONINI.
«a Terminal joint of palpi more or less cylindrical and obtuse at tip, that
of the labial palpi as long as the preceding; head more ov Jess con-
stricted or transversely impressed behind the eyes.
XX. PAarrosvs.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 87
aa. Terminal joint of palpi sleuder, acute at tip, that of the labial palpi
shorter than the preceding.
». Head with distinct eyes. XXI. TRECHUs.
bb. Head without eyes. XXII. ANOPHTHALMUS.
XX. Parrosus Dej., 1825.
Beetles of medium size, 10 or more mm. in length, having the
elytra elongate, not margined at base, their sides subparallel. For
literature regarding this and the next genus see:
Horn.— ‘Synoptic Tables”? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Sov., V, 1874,
130; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., V, 1882, 47, 48.
Seven species are known from the United States, one of which
oecurs in Indiana.
*116 (472). Parropus LonGicorNis Say, Traps. Amer.
Phil. Soc.. II, 1828, 40; ibid. IL, 466.
Elongate-oval. Black above, piceous beneath; antennie
reddish-brown, half as long as body; legs paler. Tast
two joints of maxillary palpi equal. Vhorax convex, a
little broader than long; sides curved to behind middle.
thence sinuate tu buse; frout transverse impression and
median impressed line deep, hind angles rectangular ;
basal impressions broad, deep, punctured. Elytral strive
deep and distinctly punctured; intervals convex on disk,
flattened on sides. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 55.) Fig. 55. (After Leng.)
Throughout the State; common. January 1—-December 25. Oc-
curs beneath stones and rubbish along streams, lakes, etv.; hiber-
nates as imago. Most common in May.
XXI. Trecuus Clairv. 1806. (Gr.. ‘fa runner.’’)
Elytra oblong-oval, almost twice as Jong as wide; front tibie
slightly broader to tip, the emargination extending nearly to the
middle of the tibix; length less than 6 min. Four species oceur
in the northern and western parts of North America, one of which
extends down into northern Indiana.
WT (4831. Trees etianvec.s Ij. Spee, VY, Isat) 1.
Elongate-oval, Black ov dark brown with a bluish gloss; antenie
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax sulajuadrate, one-third wider than long:
sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base: disk smooth, median
impressed line distinct, basal impressions deep, not punctate, bind angles
subrectangular. Eedytra oblong-oval, with four or five dorsal strive, the
outer two very faint; strie finely puuctite. Inner wings absent. Length
5 mim.
Steuben County; rare. May 13, One specimen was taken from
beneath leaves in low moist woods on the eastern edge of Clear Lake.
8s FAMILY II.—CARABID.F.
XXII. ANOPHTHALMUS Starm. Is+4. (Gr., ‘‘without eyes.’’)
Small, pale brown, eveless beetles found in caves. Eight species
are known from the United States. two of which were described
from Wyandotte Cave, Indiana. For literature see:
Horn.—*Synoptie Table’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., X. 1883,
270; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., V, 1882, 48.
4 118 (489). ANOPHTHALMUS TENUIS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent.
j Soc., III, 1871. 327; Geol. Surv. Ind. 1872.
aaah
: Elongate, slender. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Head
hergee ’ oval, front with two curved impressed lines. Thorax broader
\ than head, slightly longer than wide; sides curved in front,
‘. sinuate behind, median line distinctly impressed: hind
NG angles rectangular, acute. Elytra elongate-oval. two-thirds
\ longer than broad, surface finely alutaceous; strize faint but
: . evident, with three bristle-bearing punctures along the third.
ie echt) Length 45-6 mm. (Fig. 56.)
Caves of Monroe, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent in
Wyandotte. April 15-September 20. They occur only in the re-
mote parts of the caves, where they may be found crawling rapidly
over mud, sand or rocks in damp localities. Like other Carabids,
these small blind beetles are supposed to be carnivorous. In Wvyan-
dotte specimens of mites, spiders, springtails and harvestmen were
taken in the same locality as the beetles, and probably furnish the
latter a scanty supply of food.
119 (491). ANOPHTHALMUS EREMITA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. III,
S71, 828: Geol. Surv. Ind.. 1872. 1N0.
Of the same color as tenuis and resembling that species but broader.
Thorax wider than long and wider than head; hind angles less prominent.
Elytra more distinctly alutaceous. with scarcely any traces of striwe, the
surface subopaque. Length 5 mm.
Very rare; originally described from a single male specimen
taken in Wyandotte Cave. Crawford County. The type is in the
Horn collection at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
Tribe VI. PTEROSTICHINI.
Beetles of medium or large size, having the antenne arising from
beneath a distinct frontal ridge, the three basal joints glabrous;
mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove:
mentum broad. usually deeply emarginate and toothed. Thorax
with at least one bristle-bearing puncture at side and one at hind
angle. Body not pedunculate. seutellum distinct. Elytra narrowly
inflexed, margin strongly interrupted behind the middle and with
THE GROUND BEETLES. 89
a well-marked internal fold; disk usually with dorsal punctures.
Front tibia broader at tip, deeply emarginate within, the inner spur
situated at the summit of the notch; hind cox contiguous. Front
tarsi of males rather hroadly dilated and covered beneath with small
scales,
The tribe is represented in the United States by five genera, al!
- of which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF PTEROSTICHINI.
a. Terminal joint of palpi dilated; elytra without dorsal punctures.
NXIII. Myas.
aa. Terminal joint of palpi cylindrical or slightly oval.
b. Front tarsi of male normally dilated.
c. Last joint of palpi as long as or longer than the next to the last,
the latter with two set (bristly hairs) in front.
XXIV. PTEROSTICHUS.
ec, Last joint of palpi shorter than the next to last, the latter with
a number of sete in front.
d. Elytra with one dorsal puncture; size larger, 14 or more mm.
XXV. EVARTHRUS.
dd. Elytra without dorsal punctures; size smaller, not over 12 mi.
XXXVI. AMARA.
bb. Front tarsi of male obliquely dilated; form oblong, subdepressed ;
black, very shining, usually with iridescent reflections; dorsal
punctures one. NXXVITI. Loxanprus.
XXIII. Myas Dej., 1828.
Beetles of medium size and broad form, having the head and
thorax black and elytra purplish. Two species occur in the United~
States. Of these but one has as yet been taken in Indiana, though
Dury has taken the other at Cincinnati, Ohio. They may be sepa-
rated as follows:
KEY TO SPECIES OF MYAS.
wu. Thorax depressed at sides; elytral strin punctured; length 18-20 nun.
120. CORACINUS.
aa. Thorax not depressed at sides; elytral striae not or very obsoletely
punctured; length 13-15 mm. CYANESCENS.
120 (494). Myas coractnus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TT, Paes, as
ibid. II, 482. ‘
Black, elytra purplish. Thorax broad, transversely quadrate, front
angles rounded, hind angles rectangular, margin purplish. Elytra broad
with acute strie which are finely punctured. Length 18-20 nun.
Throughout the State but scarce; taken in nine widely separated
counties. Occurs beneath logs and chunks in open woods with a
loose soil. May 21—-October 7.
90 FAMILY II.—CARABID.¥.
XNIV Prerosticuts Bon, 1813. (Cre. wing = compact.”")
£
Black or greenixh-shining beetles of medium or large size. hav-
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Form elongate. more
or less depressed; head but little constricted behind the eyes: mar-
gin of elytra strongly interrupted posteriorly.
The members of this genus are among the most common of our
Carabide. Thev are found in woods and along the borders of fields
under logs. stones and leaves. A number of the species hibernate
in the perfert stage. Dr. Forbes dissected thirteen specimens of
this genus and found that 43 per cent. of the food was of insects.
canker worms. caterpillars. «tv. The vegetable food was of fungi
and flowering plants.
The principal papers dealing with the genus are as follows:
Le Conte — ‘Synopsis of the Species of Pferostichus and Allied
Genera Inhabiting Temperate North America.’* in Journ.
Phil. Aead. Nat. Sti., I. 1852. 224,
Li Conte — "The Pterostichi of the United States.”” in Proe.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1873. 302.
De Conte, —*Synoptieal Table.” in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe.. V.
USS2.. 14. cf seq,
Wickham.—In Tourn. N. Y. Ent. Soe... TIT, 1895. 181.
About 125 species are known from the United States. Of these
24 have been taken in Indiana. while 5 others may oceur. For con-
venience the Indiana species are first arranged in four groups. and
these are then treated in order.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA PTEROSTICILUS.
a. Dorsil punctures none or one only. Group A.
da, Dorsal punetures two or more,
4. Last joint of palpi cylindrical, truncate at tip: size larger. usually
10 or nore mim.
e, Side pieces of metathorax short. their length distinctly less than
twice their width at litse. Group B.
ce, Side pieces of metathorax long. narrowed from base to apex, their
length being mare than twice the width at base. Group €.
bb. Last joint of palpi elonsiate-oval, scarcely trunente: size smaller, not
ever 8.5 mun. Group PD.
(rROUR AL
To this group beleng smali or medium sized species either wholly
without dorsal punctures or with one puncture behind the middle
on the third interval, close to the second stria. They have the thorax
usually rounded or trapezoidal. much narrowed behind. the margin
narrow, not reflexed. the base without a marginal line. Six species
THE GROUND BEETLES, 91
probably oecur in the State, though but three of them have as vet
been taken,
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a, lytra without a dorsal puncture.
». Head of moderate size; thorax longer than brond, the basal impres-
sions linear, single. 121. ADOXUs.
bb. Head very large; thorax quadrate, its basal impressions broad; hind
trochanters rounded at tip. ROSTRATUS.
aa. Wlytra each with oue dorsal puncture behind the middle on the third
interval.
¢ Basal impressions of thorax double or bistriate.
d. lind angles rectangular. longer and prominent; elytral striie
puuctilate. SUBSTRIATUS.
dd, Hind angles subobtuxe or very small; elytral strive not punctu-
late. APALACHIUS
cc. Basal impressions of thorax single.
e, find angles of thorax rounded or obtuse; larger, 10 mm.; thorax
without an impressed line in front. 122. OBSOLETUS.
ce. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, prominent; elytral strire
deep: small, not vver S mim. 128. WONESTUS.
121 (519). PrerosTicHts spoxts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1823,
46; ibid. II, 472.
Elongate, rather slender, Black; antennee and palpi dark reddish-
brown; legs and abdomen piceous. Thorax widest in front of middle,
thence gradually narrowed to base; sides excurved near hind angles, which
are rectangular and denticulate; Jasal lines deep. Elytral strie not punc-
tured, intervals subconvex. Length 13-15 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 18-October 6. Occurs
beneath logs and stones on the slopes of deep wooded ravines.
122 (532). PreROSTICHUS OBSOLETUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV.
(S34, 424; ibid. IT, 537.
Plongate, slender. subconvex. Black or piceous. shining; antennee and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax orbicular, sides strongly rounded; basal ini-
pressions rounded, deep and sinall, Elytra a little wider than thorax, the
strive punctured, indistinctly so on sides and apex. Length 9.5-10.5 mm.
Described from Indiana; occurs throughout the State. Mareh
21—Angust 22. Frequent in hilly regions beneath stones and old
logs.
WB (OBO. Prerosticuts HONESTUS Say, rans. Amer,
Phil. Soe, If, 18v3. 51; ibid. 11, 475.
Elengate-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous: antenme
wud legs reddish-brown, Thorax scarcely longer than
wide, much narrowed behind the middle and sinuate on
sides: basal impressions narrow and deep, with the space
between them coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra
more oval and convex than usual, much broader than Fig. 57.
x, the strixe deep, not punctured. Length S mm, — (After Leng).
thora
(Tig. 57.)
92 FAMILY IIJ.—CARABIDA.
Fulton, Parke, Vigo. Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties;
searce. Occurs principally beneath logs in deep shaded ravines.
April 13—November 4.
P rostratus Newm., 14-16 mm., P. substriatus Lee., 12-14 mm.,
and P. apalachius Horn, 12 mm. in length, have a known range
which favors the probability of their occurring in Indiana.
Group B.
This group comprises black, medium sized species ranging in
length from 10 to 16mm. They have two or three dorsal punctures
on each elytron; thorax narrowed behind and not margined at base,
except in permundus; the inner wings lacking except in obscurus.
The side pieces (episterna) of the metathorax are short, and nearly
as broad at apex as base. Of the seven species whose characters and
range are such as to be included in the group, five are represented
in the collection at hand, while two others perhaps occur in the
State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Thorax narrower at base than apex; prosternum not margined behind.
b. Outer strive of elytra indistinct ; thorax finely margined; elytral strie
not punctured. 124. OBSCURUS.
bb. Outer strive of elytra nearly or quite as deep as inner; thorax strong-
ly margined.
ec. Dorsal punctures two (rarely three or four).
d. Basal impressions of thorax linear, deep. LACHRYMOSUS.
dd, Basal impressions large, broad.
e. Hind angles of therax carinate.
f. Basal impressions without a tubercle. 125. CORACINUS.
ff. Basal impressions with an obtuse flattened tubercle.
126. sTyvercr's,
ee. Hind angles not carinate; impressions without a tubercle.
12i. REMICTUS:
ec. Dorsal punctures four; hind angles carinate. SUPERCILIOSUS.
aa. Thorax broader at base than apex; prosternum margined behind; dor-
sal punctures three. 128. PERMUNDUS.
124 (542). PreRosTICHUS obscurts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, IV, 435:
ibid. IT, 53s.
Elongate, slender. Black; antenn, tibix and tarsi dark reddish-brown.
Thorax someyhat trapezoidal in shape, navrowed behind ; basal impressions
short, narrow, punctured, hind angles very obtuse, rounded. Elytra witb
three dorsal punctures, the first and second on or near the third stria, the
third on second stria; intervals flat, striu shallow. Length 10.5-12 mm.
Throughout the State: scaree. April --November 17. In one
specimen hefore me there are four dorsal punctures on one side
and three on the other.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 93
125 (545). Prrerosticuus CORACINUS Newn., Entom. Mag.,
V, 1838S, 386.
Elongate-oval, rather robust. Black, shining; antenne
and legs piceous. Thorax quadrate, somewhat narrowed be-
hind, sides broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal im-
pressions broad, deep, rugosely punctured. TElytral strie
deep, not punctured; intervals flat or nearly so. Length
15-17.5 mm. (Fig. 58.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the \
northern counties. May 13-October 3. Oceurs be- eek:
neath logs and stones in open woods. In this and the
next two species the side margins of thorax are wider and more
reflexed than in any of those preceding; the two (rarely three or
four) dorsal punctures are located on the second stria, one before,
the other behind the middle. In one specimen from Cass County
there are four distinct dorsal punctures on the second stria. From
the keys, as usually given, it was at first referred to superciliosus
Say, but the thorax is not narrowed behind as in that species and
the elytra are jet black, not purplish. I have concluded, there-
fore, that it is but a sport of coracinus, with which it agrees in all
other respects.
P. lachrymosus Newm. and P. superciliosus Say, both 15 mm.
in length, very probably inhabit the State. The former has been
taken by Dury at Cincinnati and the latter in Michigan.
126 (546). Prerosricuus stycicts Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
41; ibid. II, 467.
Closely allied to the preceding. Distinguished principally by the small
tubercle in the thoracic impressions; carina of hind angles very short.
Elytral intervals more convex. Length 14-16 mm.
Very common throughout the State beneath logs, ete., in open
woods. March 31-October 20. The so-called ‘‘tubercle’’ is only
an elevated space between the two strie of the basal impression. It
is my opinion that a large series of specimens will show coracinus
to be only a form of stygicus, Say’s name having priority.
127 (547). PTEROSTICHUS RELICTUS Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 387.
Resembles both coracinus and stygicus. Thorax longer, more distinctly
narrowed behind and without carina at hind angle or tubercle in basal im-
pressions, the latter, therefore, being single. WPlytral strive deeper, with
narrower, much more convex intervals. Length 16-17 mm.
Putnam, Vermillion, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. May 25-
September 18. Occurs beneath stones in deep ravines.
O4 FAMILY 11.—CARABIDAG.
12S (555). PTEROSTICHUS PERMUNSUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. TY.
TS34. 426: ibid. IT. 540.
EXiptical or broadly oval. Black
ot purplish. shining with iridescent
reflection ; antenn:e and legs piceous,
Thorax broad. quadrate. a little nar-
rower at front than at base, side
margins narrow in front. wider. de-
pressed and punctured lehind the
middle; basal impressions two ch
each side. punctured. the outer very
short. Elytral strice not or very finely
punctured; the first dorsal puneture
on the third stria. the others on the
second, Leugth 12-14min. (Fig. 59.)
Deseribed from Indiana. O«-
curs frequently throughout the
southern half cf the State be-
neath logs in open sandy woods.
Most common in autumn.
March 31-Octoher 20.
(GROUP C.
To this group belong large or
medium sized black. greenish or
bluish species haying the side
pieces of metathorax long and
eradually narrowed from base to apex. The thorax varies much
in form. and its hind angles are never rounded. The dorsal punc-
tures range in number from three to six. and the inner wings are
Fig. 59. 5. (After Forbes).
always present. Thirteen species comprise the group.
KEY TO sPin Ils OF GROCP C.
a. Three basal joints of antenme distinetiy carinate: basal impressions of
thorax double.
b. Legs black: dorsal punctures twor body above green or bronzed. pol-
ished: under surface not punctured. 12, Saal.
bb. Lees usually reddish: dorsal punctures four: body above green or
Hinish., net polished ; under surface punctured.
150, LUCUBLANDL s.
ad, Basal joints of antenne simple. not carinate; color black. rarely pur-
plish.
e Dorsal puneiures of elytra three or four.
da. Hind augles of thorax carinate: brasd impressions Lirge and deen,
bistriate,
©. Thorax inach narrowed behind, the angles rectanelar aud promi-
nent.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 95
f. Basal impressions not or very sparsely punctured; elytra iri-
descent. the strie fine; size larger, 14-16 mm.
131. EBENINUS.
ff. Basal impressions distinctly punctulate; elytral strise deeper :
smaller, not over 11.5 mm. 132. CAUDICALIS.
ee. Thorax less narrowed behind, the angles small, rectangular, but
slightly prominent, impressions punctured.
g. Smaller, not over 10 mm.; form slender. 133. LucTUOSUS.
gg. Larger, 14-15 mm.; form broader. 134. coRVINUS.
dd. Hind angles of thorax not carinate, basal impressions single.
h. Basal impressions wide and deep; thorax strongly margined;
ligula obtusely carinate.
1. Size very large, 22 or more mm.; surface but little polished.
female dull. 135. HALDEMANI.
ui. Size smaller, not over 20 mm.; surface polished, shining.
j. Elytral strive deep, distinct to apex; surface moderately
brilliant; size 16-20 mm. 136. TARTARICUS.
jj. Elytral strive fine, very faint towards apex; surface very
brilliant; size 15 mm. 137. SCRUTATOR.
hh. Basal impressions linear; thorax finely margined; ligula not
carinate.
k. Color purplish; basal impressions not punctured.
138. PURPURATUS.
kk. Color black; basal impressions punctured. 139. MUTUS.
cc. Dorsal punctures of elytra five or six, large, deeply impressed.
1, Hind angles of thorax small, dentiform; elytra black, shining.
140. PENNSYLVANICUS.
Ul. Hind angles obtuse; elytra dark reddish-brown, feebly bronzed.
141. Luczorit.
129 (564). PTEROSTICHUS SAyYI Brulle., Silb., Rev. Entom., III, 277.
Oblong, somewhat flattened. Bronzed or green above; sometimes nearly
black; basal third of antenne reddish-brown. Thorax a little wider than
long, feebly narrowed behind, more so in front; margins not depressed;
basal impressions deep, punctate, the outer much the shorter; hind angles
rectangular. Elytral strie deep, punctate. Length 10-12.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 19-October 20. Prob-
ably hibernates.
*130 (565). PTEROSTICHUS LUCUBLANDUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823, 55; ibid. I, 177; II, 478.
Resembles the preceding but less flat and without the brilliant polish
of surface. Color exceedingly variable, usually green or bluish. Thorax
wider, not narrowed behind; margin wider, more reflexed, depressed near
the hind angles. Elytral strie smooth, rarely finely punctate; intervals
subconvex, finely alutaceous. Length 10-14 mm. (Fig. 60.)
Very common throughout the State. February 21-September
92. Wibernates as imago. The dorsal punctures are usually four.
[7—23402]
ne
96 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
located on third interval, one near end of seutellar stria, one just
behind the middle, the cubes two on apical third. In one specimen
at hand there are six on each ely-
tron, those on the left all on third
interval; those on right. four in
regular position on third interval
and two on fifth. opposite the
hinder pair on third.
*131 (568). PTEROSTICHUS EBENINLUS
Dej., Spec. III, 1827.
507.
Elongate-oblong. Black or yiceous.
shining; elytra more or less iridescent.
Thorax wider at apex than base, sides
much rounded, sinuate near hind an-
cles. Elytral strie shallow, very fine-
ly punctured; intervals flat. Length
74-16 mm.
Lake. Fulton. Vigo and Knox
counties: frequent. Usually found
beneath logs and rubbish near
Fig. 60. + 52. (After Forbes.) water. Hibernates. February 23-
October 22. In this and the next three species the scutellar stria
is long and the elytra each have three dorsal punctures. the first
one on the third stria. the other two near the second stria behind
the middle.
¥132 (560). baa cei CAUDICALIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Sow. 1,
S23. 56: ibid. II, 480.
Elongate. slender. Black, shining: antennz reddish-brown. legs piceous.
Thorax shaped as in ecbeninus, the margin more narrow, less reflexed at
base; impressions, as well as the space between them. sparsely and coarsely
punctured. Striz of elytra deeper. finely punctured. Length 10-11.5 mm.
Throughout the State: common. March 19-—October 17. Hi-
bernates.
188 (570). PTEROSTICHUS LUctuosts Dej.. Spee. TIT. Wet. 2S4.
Resembles caudicalixs but smaller and more slender. Thorax more
quadrate. less narrewed behind. FElytra but little wider than thorax. the
strie deep, very finely punctured. Length S-? mm.
Throughout the State: common in the northern counties. less se
in the southern portion. Occurs heneath rubbish. usually near
water. May 10-A\neust 27.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 97
134 (571). Prerosticuts corvixts Dej., Spec. LIT, 1827, 2S.
Elongate, more robust. Black, antenne and tarsi piceous. ‘lhorax
rather short, sides rounded, not sinuate, hind angles very slightly promi-
nent or subobtuse; basal impressions yery deep, sparsely and coarsely
punctured. Elytral striae deep, nat or very finely punctured. Length
13.5-15 mm.
Frequent about the margins of lakes in the northern half of
the State; not yet taken in the southern half. May 5-October 29.
185 (572). Prerosticuus HALDEMANT Lee., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848,
341.
Oblong, very robust. subdepressed. Black, elytra not shining; an-
tenn and tarsi piceous. Thorax a little broader than long, narrowed be-
hind, sides scarcely sinuate, basal impressions not punctured. Elytral
striz narrow, deep, not punctured; intervals convex. Length 22-24 mm.
A southern form, rare in Indiana. Two specimens from mar-
gins of cypress swamp. Knox County. April 23-May 25. This
species and the next two were formerly classed under the genus
Lophoglossus Lee., distinguished by the hgula being obtusely cari-
nate for its whole length. They also have the thorax strongly re-
flexed, gradually wider behind, the front transverse line deep, dis-
tant from margin, the hind angles obtuse; dorsal punctures three.
136 (573). PTEROSTICHUS TARTARICUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, II,
1823, 44; ibid. II, 469.
Oblong, depressed. Black, shining, antennie, tibia and tarsi piceous.
Thorax with sides distinctly sinuate towards the base. LElytral strie finely
and indistinetly punctate, intervals subconvex. Male with subapical tooth
on inner surface of middle tibise short, obtuse; the apical process large,
acute. Length 16-20 mm.
Throughout the western half of the State, common; especially
so in sandy localities near water. Hibernates. April 17—Decem-
ber 28.
137 (574). Prerosticuts scrvutaror Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1V, 184s,
342.
Oblong, depressed. Black, very shining; legs and antenn piceous.
Wind angles of thorax less prominent than in tertaricus and elytral striz
differing as mentioned in key. Male with subapical tooth of middle tibiw
long and sharp; the apical process not distinct. Length 15-16 min.
Cass County; rare. September 15. Two specimens taken by
Dr. Robert Hessler from a ditch dug about a burning peat bog near
Royal Center.
9s FAMILY II.—CARABID-¥.
138 +577). PresosticHts PpurpuraTus Lec... Juurn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
II, 1853, 242.
Elongate. rather robust. Head and thorax black. shining; elytra and
femora with a distinct purplish tinge; antennz and tarsi piceous. Thorax
subquadrate. but little narrowed behind, sides rounded, hind angles ob-
tuse. Elytral strie deep, not punctured : intervals convex. Length 13-14 mm.
Knox and Lawrence counties: rare. August 31-September 25.
This and the next species have the hind tarsi with three joints
erooved on the outer side: the dorsal punctures three and the front
transverse line of thorax short and interrupted.
#139 +575). PYEROSTICHUS MUTUS Say. Trans. Amer.
Phil. See. IT. sz. 44: ibid. IT. 470.
Elonzute, rather slender. subdepressed. Black. shin-
ing: antenn and legs piceous. Thorax more evident-
ly narrowed ai base, side- less rounded, hind angles
distinct. Elytral <triz deep. finely punctured. inter-
vals subconvex. Length 10-125 mm. (Fig. 60a.)
Throughout the State: common. Hibernates.
Fig. 60a. (After Leng). April s—December 12.
140 15801). PrEgosTICHUS PENNSYLVANICUS Lec.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei. 1873. 314.
Elongate. rather robust. Black, very shining; palpi, tibie and tars
dark reddish-brown. Side margins of thorax a little wider toward the
base, basal impressions linear with a few punctures. Elytral strie deep.
indistinctly punctured; intervals slightly convex. the third with five large
punctures, the basal one near the third stria. the others on or near the
second. Length 11-12.5 mm.
A northern species taken in Lake County. near Pine; rare.
June 26.
141 (583). Prerosticuts Luczotm Dej.. Spec.. ITI. 1827. 321.
Elongate-oval, rather slender. subdepressed. Head and thorax black:
antenne, legs and elytra dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrowed behind:
sides oblique. narrowly depressed; hind angles obtuse, basal impressicn<
sparsely punctured. Elytral strie finely punctured. the second and third
with five or six large, indented dorsal punctures placed somewhat alter-
nately; intervals nearly fiat. Length 11-12.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. August 15. Four specimens were taken
from beneath leaves in a low wooded tract on the eastern border
of Clear Lake. A species of northern range.
Grote D.
Three small species comprise this group. In addition to the
characters given in key to Groups. they have the side pieces of
THE GROUND BEETLES. 99
metathorax long; dorsal punctures three; hind tarsi with three or
four joints grooved on outer side; basal impressions of thorax deep,
single; wings wanting except in erythropus.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D.
a. Scutellar stria wanting; thorax subquadrate, hind angles strongly
rounded. 142. ERKYTHROPUs.
ad, Scutellar stria long.
b. Elytral striz not punctured; hind angles subrectangular, slightly
prominent. 148. PATRUELIS.
bb. Basal half of elytral strise punctured; hind angles obtuse.
144. FEMORALIS.
J42 (4585). PrreRosticHUS ERYTHROPUS Dej., Spec. III, 1827,
240.
Elongate-oval. Black, strongly shining; antenne and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax nearly square, sides feebly
curved. widely depressed near the hind angles, which are
strongly rounded; basal impressions and elytral strie not
punctured. Length 8-8.5 mm. (Fig. 61.)
‘Throughout the State, frequent; usually beneath
rubbish in sandy localities near water. Probably hi- Wate beng:
bernates. March 19—November 5.
143 (587). PTEROSTICHUS PATRUELIS Dej., Spec. V, 182!), 759.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; antenne and
legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax feebly narrowed behind, sides mod-
erately rounded, basal impressions sparsely punctured. Elytral strise deep;
intervals nearly flat. Length 7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; more frequent in the northern half.
March 26—October 25. :
*144 (58S). PreRosTICHUS FEMORATIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837,
81.
Resembles the preceding, but the form is less slender, the hind angles
of thorax more obtuse and the elytral strize finely punctured at least as
far as the middle. Length 7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Feb-
ruary 6—December 18.
XXV. Evarturus Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘‘good+ joint.’’)
Black beetles of medium or large size, possessing the characters
of the tribe Pterostichini as above given. Last joint of labial palpi
shorter than the next to last, the latter with several long sete in
front. Elytra with rounded humeri and one dorsal puncture, lo-
cated near the third stria just behind the middle. Hind tarsi not
grooved on outer side. Wings wanting; mandibles striate. Pro-
sternum not margined behind.
100 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.F.
The members of this genus resernble thuse of Pferostichus and
are found in the same situations. though less frequently. Of seven
specimens dissected by Dr. Forbes. insects such as eanker worms
and caterpillars had formed 93 per rent. of the food. so that they
may be classed as hivhly beneficial.
For literature treating of the gents se the first two papers bys
I..-Conte mentioned under Pfrrostichns, also the following:
LeConte — ‘Synoptic Table” 7» Bull. Breok. Entom. Soc.. TIL
1ssh. 21, 49. 73.
Wickham.— ‘Coleoptera of Northeastern America” in Journ.
N.Y. Ent. Soc.. TH. 1895. 159-190.
Thirteen species of Evarthrus are known from the United
States. Of these. six have been taken in Indiana, while another
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIEs OF EVARTHRU Ss.
a. Thorax subquadrate, but little constricted at base: prostermum deeply
sulcate.
b. Thorax wider than lenz: ~cutellar stria wantine.
& Strhe of elytra -trenely: punetured.
d. Margin of thorax wide. especially at buse. 145. SEXDMPRES‘ts.
dd. Margin of thorax narrow, nearly uniform. 146. SIGILLATUS.
ce, Strie of elytra finely punctured. 147. AMERICAN:
6b. Thorax as lung as wide: xcutellar stria present. rather long.
145. ORBATUs.
aa. Thorax strongly con~tricted behind: prosternum feebly or vbs-letely
sulcate. P
e. Hind angle< of thorax prominent: stri:e of elytra fine. COLUsst =
ce, Hind angles of thorax shi rter. les< prominent: <rriz of elytra deep.
f. Sides of thorax much rounded. 149.00 soDALIs.
ff. Sides of thorax lexs rounded. more oblique. 150. FURTIVU~.
145 6610). EvarTarees SEXIMPRESStS Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hisr.. IV. iss.
350.
Elengateorval. Black. head and thorax feebly ~hininzg: apical half
of antenne and tarsi reddixh-brown: basal joints of antenne. femora and
tibia piceous. Thorax not punctate. ~!dex rounded. Elytra very finely
alutaceous. opaque: intervals flat. Leneth 14.5-15.5 mm.
Southern half of Stare. frequent: less so in the northern coun-
ties. April 29-November 19. Occurs mostly on dry wooded slopes
beneath logs and stones. In this and the next three species the
thorax has the hind angles obtuse and the sides not sinuate near
base.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 101
146 (611). Evarrurus siginnatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., Lf. 1823,
42; ibid. IT, 468.
Very close to serimpressus. Thorax with more narrow margin which
is not inflexed or widened near base, the basal impressions more shallow.
Female dull black; male often more shining. Length 15-17 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. May 12—October 20.
147 (612).. Evarrurus americanus Dej.. Spec. III, 1827, 392.
Form proportionally broader than in the two preceding species. Thorax
with hind angles less obtuse and elytra more finely punctured. Thorax
slightly narrowed in front, the margin fine, not reflexed. Elytra in both
sexes subopaque. Length 15-18 mm.
Crawford, Knox and Perry counties; searee. May 15-Septem-
ber 10.
148 (613). HvarTHrus ornatus Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 386.
Thorax not broader than long, slightly narrowed be-
hind, the margin narrow and scarcely refiexed ;‘ hind an-
gles less strongly carinate. BElytral stris deeper than in
the preceding species, rather finely punctate; intervals
more convex. Length 15-17 mm. (Fig. 62.)
Marshall and Posey counties; rare. April 10-
October 17.
E. colossus Lee., 16-22 mm. in length, has been
taken in Kentucky and Illinois, and doubtless oc-
curs in southern Indiana. Fig. 62
149 (620). EvarTHRuUS SoDALIS Lec.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 349.
Elongate-oblong. Dull black, the apical half of antenne and tarsi
reddish-brown. ‘Thorax suborbicular, the sides strongly rounded to near
base, then suddenly sinuate, the base much narrower than apex. BHlytra
finely alutaceous, rather deeply striate, the strive coarsely punctured; in-
tervals subconvex. Length 15-17 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; not yet taken in the northern
counties. April 3-September 16.
150 (621). Evarrirmts rurtivus Lec., Journ. Vhil. Acad: Nat. Sci., 1852,
233.
Differs from sodalis in having the thorax more broadly and obliquely
rounded on the sides, which are but slightly sinuate near the hind angles.
Length 15-16.5 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; less so northward. April 3--
September 27,
102 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.
XNVI. Amara Bon. 1513. (Gr., ‘‘to shine.’’)
Black, brownish or bronzed beetles of medium size, possessing
the characters of the tribe Pterostichini as previously given. Form
usually oval or oblong. convex: last joint of labial palpi shorter
than the next to last. the latter with several sete in front: thorax
usually wider than long and in most species as wide at base as
elytra. the latter without dorsal punctures. (fales with the first
three joints of the front tarsi dilated. with two rows of scales be-
neath.
The genus Is a large one and the species very difficult to sep-
arate by a table or key unless both sexes are present. Even then
a number of the species resemble one another so closely as to be
only doubtfully placed. Its members are. according to Dr. Forbes,
mainly vegetable feeders, though one of the larger ones. obesa, is
known to feed largely upon the eggs of locusts or grasshoppers.
They occur mostly in moist situations. beneath logs. stones, ete..
and several species are known to hibernate as imagoes.
The following are the principal papers on the North American
species:
LeConte.— ‘Notes on the Amare of the United States.’’ in Proc.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VIT. 1555. 346.
Horn.—‘Synoptie Tables.’? in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., V.
1874, 127.
Horn.—‘ A Study of Amara,’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIN.
1892, 19.
Wickham.—In Journ. N. ¥. Ent. Soc.. TV, 1596. 33.
Hayward.— ‘Studies in Amara.’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..
XXXTV. 1908, 13-66.
About 70 species are known from the United States. Of these
19 have been taken in Indiana. while two or three others probably
occur. For convenience the Indiana species are separated into
three groups. and these in turn into species.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA AMARA.
a. Thorax distinctly broader in front «f than at the base. and usually more
or less cordiform. Group 4.
aa. Thorax broadest at base. thence gradually narrowed to apex.
b. Hind tibize rubescent on the inner side in the males. Group B.
bb. Hind tibire net distinctly pubescent on the inner side in the males.
Group C.
Group A.
But five species. whose known range is such as to probably in-
elude Indiana, belong to this group. With one exception they are
THE GROUND BEETLES. 108
our largest species, and are elongate-oblong and convex in form,
black or piceous in hue. usually strongly shining, rarely very feebly
bronzed. The apical spur of front tibie is always simple and the
elytral striz are punctured. It includes the Indiana representa-
tives of the subgenera Cyrtonotus, Leiacnemis and Bradytus of
Tayward’s paper.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a, Prosternum not margined at tip; middle tibixe of male with two teeth
on the inner side; punctures on base of thorax limited to the im-
pressions. 151. PENNSYLVANICA.
aa. Prosternum margined at tip; middle tibizee of males not toothed.
b. Hind tibice of males not distinctly pubescent on the inner side;
thorax punctured from side to side at base. 152. AvIDA.
bb. Hind tibie of males distinctly, usually densely pubescent on the
inner side; basal impressions of thorax broad, bifoveate, with few
or no punctures between them.
e, Seutellar stria very short or obsolete; side pieces of metasternum
punctured. 158. EXARATA.
ee. Secutellar stria long; side pieces of metasternum smooth.
d. Prosternum of male with a shallow sparsely punctured oval
space at middle, simple in the female; larger, 8.7-10.5 mm.
154. LATIOR.
dd. Prosternum of male not punctured, but with a lengthwise groove,
more feebly grooved in female; smaller, T-S mm. SCHWARZI.
151 (645). AMARA PENNSYLVANICA Hayward, ‘rans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XXXIV, 1908, 34.
Elongate-oblong, moderately convex. Black or piceous, shining; an-
tenn and legs rufous. Thorax less than one-half wider than long, slightly
wider at base than apex, widest a little in front of middle; hind angles
rectangular, «urinate; basai impressions broad, deep, indistinctly bifoveate,
coarsely punctured. Elytral strive punctured, more finely toward the apex.
Length 10-11.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. Hibernates. February 26-
October 9. Listed as fuluipes Putz. but Hayward shows this name
to have been preoccupied.
162 (623). Amara AvipA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., II, 1S25, 148;
ibid. TI, 95, 541.
Oblong, convex. Black or piceous, shining; antennz and legs rufous.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, widest in front of middle, as wide
at base as apex; hind angles rectangular, not carinate, basal impressions
ill-defined; disk smooth at middle. sparsely punctate near apex. more
densely and coarsely across the base. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax,
the stris deep, distinctly punctured, intervals convex. Length S-9.F mm.
(Pig. 6%.)
Vigo and Flevd counties: searee. April 26—June 23,
104 FAMILY II.—CARABID&.
155 (O40). AwarRa EXaRaTa Dej.. Spec.. IIT. 1828. 500.
Oblong-oval, rebust. very convex. Blackisb-piceous. =hinine: antenne
and legs reddish-brown. the former as long us the head and thorax. Thorax
subquadrate, about one-half wider than long. basal impressions broad.
double, punctured ; hind angle~ small, acute, very obtusely carinate. Elytra
slightly wider than thorax, the sirie deep. closely punctured. Length
S10 mm. (Fig. 64.)
Throughout the State: common. Hibernates. January 13—No-
vember 11.
Fig. 64. 3%. ( riginal -
. +
Fig. 63. < 5. (After ~mith.)
154 «47>. AwaRsA Lation Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer... TV. 1807. 36.
Elongate-cblong, feebly convex. Piceous to black. often <lightly bronzed.
surface finely alutaceous in females. Thorax abcut enehalf wider than
long, not xinuate near base: hind angles subrectangular. very obtusely cari-
nate, basal impressions broad. bifoveate, punctate, the inner fovea longer
than the outer. Elytra slightly wider than thorax. rather deeply <triute.
the striz finely punctured. indistinctly so on the apical half. Lengt:
{+10.5 mm.
One specimen from the margin of Lake Michigan near Miller.
Lake County. July 29. A member of the Alleghanian fauna
which probably occurs throughout the northern third of the State.
A. sehivarzi, Hayward. usually listed as se ptentrionalis Lee.. was
described from Lake Superior and may also oceur in northern In-
diana.
GrotP B.
To this group belong nine medium-sized oval. black or piceous.
and usually bronzed-shining <pecies. The antenne are black or
piceous with the two to four basal joints paler. The elytra are
rarely. and then only slightly. wider than the thorax at base and
THE GROUND BEETLES. 105
their strix are distinctly punctured in but one of the nine, while
the hind angles of thorax are never carinate. The group includes
the subgenera Triwna and Amara of Hayward’s paper.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Apical spur of front tibiex trifid; scutellar stria of elytra terminating
in an wcellate (eye-like) puncture at base; antenns with the three
or four basal joints pale.
6, Thorax narrowed from base to apex, its hind angles obtuse; fourth
joint of antennie in great part pale. 155. ANGUSTATA.
bb. Thorax narrowed from slightly behind the middle to apex, hind
angles sharply rectangular; fourth joint of antennew in great part
piceous.- PALLIPES.
aa. Apical spur of front tibiz simple.
¢. Basal joints of antenn:e not carinate; prosternum of male not pune-
tured.
dad. Seutellar stria terminating in an ocellate puncture; femora piceous
ov dark reddish-brown, tibi:se and tarsi paler.
156. IMPUNCYICOLLIS.
dd. Scutellar stria without ocellate puncture.
¢, Eelytral stvias punctared; base of thorax finely punctured.
157. BASILLARIS.
ce, Elytral striz not or obsoletely punctured; base of thorax smooth.
f. Thorax narrowing from basal angles to apex; form broad, ro-
bust; terminal spur of frout tibixe stouter than usual.
CRASSISPINA,
/f. Thorax narrowing from in front of base; form oblong-oval ;
terminal spur of front tibis normal. 158. CUPREOLATA.
ec, Antenne with basal joints 2 and 3 carinate above.
g. Seutellar stria ending in an cvellate puncture. 159. FALLAX.
gg. Seutellar stria without puncture.
h. Basal impressions of thorax very faint; larger, 7.5-9 mm.
160. PROTENSA.
hh. Basal impressions of thorax distinct, the outer oblique; smaller,
6-7 mm. 161. POLITA.
155 (651). AMARA ANGUSTATA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1828, 36;
ibid. II, 463, 542.
Oval, convex. Black, bronzed. shining ; legs dull reddish-yellow., Thorax
one-half wider than long, hind angles obtusely rounded, outer basal impres-
sion obsolete. the inner small, sparsely or not at all punctured. Elytra
not wider than thorax. eradually narrowed from the base; surface finely
alutaceous. the stri:e not punctured, or sparsely punctate at base; seutellar
stria ending in a large eve-like puncture. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Common in southern half of the State: less so in the north.
April 10-Iune 20, On the first warm days of early spring this spe-
cies and the next are often found running rapidly about near the
hages of trees and stumps in open woodland pastures.
106 FAMILY IT.—CARABIDZ.
156 (657). AMARA IMPUNCTICOLLIS Say. Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 36; ibid. II, 463.
542,
Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, often with a faint
greenish tinge; femora piceous, tibiz and tarsi paler.
Thorax subquadrate, narrowed from slightly behind
middle to apex; surface smooth; inner basal impres-
sion often evident, not punctured, outer one obsolete.
Elytra as wide at base as thorax, strie shallow, not
punctured; a single large puncture at junction of sec-
ond and sutural strie. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 65.)
ae is Throughout the State: common. Probably hi-
Fig. 65. 44. (Oneal) emmates. March 12-October 21. The females
have the upper surface alutaceous.
*157 (659). AMARA BASILLARIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1825, 35;
ibid. II, 462. 542.
Oblong-oval. convex. Blackish-bronzed or purplish-black, shining; legs
reddish-brown. the femora darker. Thorax subquadrate, nearly twice as
wide as long, narrowed from about the middle to apex; basal impressions
double, with numerous distinct punctures, the inner longer than the outer.
Elytral strie rather deep. punctured. Length 7-8.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. January 13. Taken from beneath mullein
leaves.
158 (661). AMARA CUPREOLATA Putz.. Mem. Liege, I. 1S66. 180.
Oblong-oval, convex. Bronzed or purplish-black. shining. the females
finely alutaceous; antennz and legs piceous. Thorax one-half wider than
long. narrowed from about one-third in front of base and rounded to apex:
basal impressions feeble or wanting; hind angles obtusely rounded. the
puncture near them distant from side margin and much nearer the basal.
Elytra not wider than thorax. subparallel to behind the middle. the strie
not or very finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; our most common species. Mareh +
July 24. Resembles impuncticollis but readily distinguished by the
lack of ocellate puncture at hase of scutellar stria.
159 (664). AMARA FALLAX Lec.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV. 1848. 362.
Oval. moderately convex. Blackish-bronzed. shining in males, alu-
tacecus in females: under surface and femora black. tibiz and tarsi dark
reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. narrowed from
slightly in front of base to apex. basal impressions indistinct. hind anyles
rectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax. strie not punctured: the
ocellate puncture at junction of scutellar and second stria smaller than in
impuncticollis, Length 7.5-9.5 mm.
Lake, Laporte. Marion. Vigo and Posey counties: scarce. March
26-May 28. Distinguished from fmnuneticollis only by carinate
basal joints of antenne and the more broadly rounded tip of pro-
sternum.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 107
160 (667). AMARA PRoreNsa Putz., Mem. Liege, 1, 1866, 183.
: Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Purplish-black or bronzed, alutaceous
in both sexes, more Strongly in females; antenne and legs piceous; under
surface black. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, very distinctly wider
at base than apex; basal impressions very faint, not punctured; hind angles
subrectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate, the striz
smooth. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.
Laporte County; rare. May 20. A species of northern range
which probably oceurs throughcut the northern third of the State.
161 (668). Amara potrra Lec., Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 364.
Oval, moderately convex. Bronzed or blackish-bronzed, shining, often
with a bluish tinge; femora black, tibiee and tarsi reddish-brown. ‘Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed from about one-third in front of
base, hind angles rectangular; basal impressions small, deep, not punctured.
Elytra very slightly wider than thorax, the striie smooth. Length 6.2-7 mun.
Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. March 26-June 26. Easily
recognized by the carinate antenne, oblique outer basal depression
of thorax and smaller size.
A. pallipes Kirby, 5.5-8 mm., and A. crassispina Lec., 7.2-9 mm.
in length, are members of the boreal fauna ranging from Massa-
chusetts to Lake Superior and Wisconsin, and probably occur in
the northern counties of Indiana.
Group C.
This group of eight species comprises the Indiana members of
the subgenus Celia and includes our largest and smallest species of
Amara. For the most part they are oval, brown or piceous, rarely
bronzed species, having the thorax broadest at base, the hind tibie
never pubescent on inner side in males, and the ocellate puncture
at base of scutellar stria always lacking.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C,
a. Antenne and legs piceous black.
b. Elytra strongly alutaceous, the intervals more or less uneven.
162. INTERSTITIALIS.
bb. Elytra shining; intervals flat, smooth and even. 1638. ERRATICA.
aa. Antenne pale, legs usually so.
ec. Size very large for the genus, 9-12 mm.; prosternum with a number
of sete (bristly hairs) at tip. 164. OBESA.
ec. Size medium or small, not over 8 mm.; prosternum with either two
sete or none at tip.
d. Prosternum of male with an irregular group of small punctures
near the middle.
e. Sides of thorax distinctly flattened; prosternum with two setu
at tip; reddish-brown, the males shining.
165. REMOTESTRIATA,
108 FAMILY IJ.—CARABIDF.
ee. Sides of thorax not flattened; prosternum without sete; piceous.
shining. 166. CHALCEA.
dd. Prosternum of male smooth as in the females and without sete:
sides of thorax not flattened. *
y. Elytral strie fine. the intervals flat; thorax distinctly emarginate
at apex. 167. SUBENEA.
ff. Elytral stricee deep. the intervals convex; thorax nearly truncate
at apex.
g. Form oblong; hind angles of thorax much rounded; sides of
metasternum coarsely punctate; larger, 6-7 mm.
168. RUBRICA.
gg. orm more oval: hind angles -ulrectangular or obtuse: me-
tasternum smooth; smaller. not over 5.5 mm.
169. 3fUSCULUS.
162 (670). ALARA INTERSTITIALIS Dej.. Sp. Gen. IIT. 1528. 472.
Oblong-oval. moderately convex. Color variable: brownish-bronze to
green, cupreous or nearly black. Thorax lexs than twice as wide at base
as long, apex feebly emarginate. hind angles rectangular: basal impressions
usually distinct but shallow. the cuter oblique. the inner short, not punc-
tured. Elytral strive with very fine. indistinct )unctures: intervals more
or less convex with undulating surface. Tength 7-9 mi.
A species of northern range. rare in Indiana. <A single speri-
men was taken in Vigo County from beneath drift in a swamp.
Several others were cbtained near Hessville and Wolf Lake, Lake
County. by Woleott. Mareh 26—-Mav 26.
163 (669). AMARA ERRATICA Sturm. Deutsche lus... VI, 55.
Elongate-cval. Bronzed-cupresus or nearly black. <lining: antenne
piceous black, the two basal joints often reddish: under ~urface and legs
piceous, shining. Thorax not twice as wide at base as long at middle. side>
narrowing to front. hind angles rectangular: basal impressions very feeble.
the outer usually the smaller and obliquely placed: surface rarely slightly
punctate near the inner depression. FElytra finely striate, the strix finely
but distinctly punctured: intervals flat or slightly convex. alutuceous in
female. Length '-7.5 mm.
Lake County: scarce. March 26—June 26. <A circumpolar spe-
eles which finds its southern limit in the transition life zone of
northern Indiana. Although Horn says in his key that the surtace
is not alutaceous it is distinctly so in the female.
S TW 1674). AMARA OBESA Suy. Trans. Amer. Phil. See. IL.
AF 28. 37: ibid. IT. 464.
Oblung-oval. robust. not very convex. Piceous black. shin-
ing; elytra opaque in female: antenne and legs reddish-
,; brown. Thorax one-half broader than long. hind angles
jk — rectangular: basal impressi nx double, finely punctate. the
%, Cuter deeper and with an external carina. Elytral strin
ro ee} more deeply iinpressed at apex. very finely pnnetured. Length
(After Riley.) 9-12 mm. (Fig. a.)
THE GROUND BEETLES. 109
Lake County. frequent along the south shore of Lake Michigan ;
also taken in Lagrange and Marion counties. June 15—October 28.
Probably occurs throughout the Ntate.
165 (678).. AMARA REMOTESTRIATA Dej.. Sp. Gein, ILL, 1828, 475.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Reddish-brown or slightly piceous,
males shining. females dull; anteune and legs pale reddish yellow. Thorax
one-half broader at base than long, hind angles sharply rectangular; basal
impressions double, shailow, sparsely and coarsely punctate, the outer some-
what triangular, the inner liuear. Elvtral strise fine, sincoth or very finely
punctate; intervals flat. Length 6.5-S min.
Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. April 20-September 21.
166 (677). AaRA CHALCEA Dej., Spec. Gen., III, 1828, 476.
Form more broadly oval and more convex than the next. Piceous,
shining, surface slightly bronzed; antenne and legs reddish-brown. Thorax
nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, hind angles rectangular;
basal impressions double, rather large and deep, sparsely and rather coarse-
ly punctured. Elytral strike not punctured: intervals fiat. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Vigo County; rare. April 17.
167 (682). AMARA SUBAONEA Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 20s,
Oblong-oval. Lliceous or dark reddish-brown, faintly bronzed, shining:
antennze and legs dark reddish-yelow. Thorax about one-balf wider at
base than long at middle, distinctly narrowed at apex, front angles distinct,
hind angles rectangular; basal iimpressions rather deep, the inner larger,
sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytral striw finely and crenately punc-
tured. Length 5.5-6.5 mim.
A northern form, known from Indiana by a single specimen
taken by Wolcott near Clarke Junction, Lake County, June 24.
168 (681). Axara RUBRICA Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, ——, 501.
Oblong, moderately convex. Reddish to chestnut-brown, shining; an-
tenn and legs paler. Thorax not twice as wide as long, hind angles very
obtuse; baxal impressions shallow, usually punctured. Elytra slightly wider
at base than thorax, striw finely. crenately punctured; intervals convex.
Length 6-7 mm.
Southern third of State; scarce. May 6—October 9.
169 (683). AmMaRA MUscULUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Svc., Il, 1823, 35;
ibid. II, 462.
Oblong-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, shining; antenne and
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, distinctly nar-
rowed in front; basal impressions almost obliterated, sparsely punctate or
smooth. Elytral stria as in rabricu, which species it cloyely resembles and
from which it is best separated by its smaller size and lack of punctures
on sides of metasternum. Length 5-5.5 mm,
110 FAMILY IT.—CARABIDZE.
Our smallest member of the genus; common throughout the
State. Often found in autumn on flowers of goldenrod (Soli-
dago). April +-October 27.
XXVIII. Loxanprrs Lee. 1242. (Gr.. ‘‘oblique + male.’’)
Flattened. elongate-oblong or oval. black or piceous beetles of
medium or stall size, possessing the characters of the tribe Pteros-
tichini. Differing from Pterostichus and allied genera by having
the front tarsi of males obliquely dilated; mandibles not striate;
mentum tooth emarginate. The thorax is scarcely or not at all
narrowed behind and has the basal impressions single, linear and
straight and the front transverse line distinct. very close to the
apical margin. The wings are always present and there is one
dorsal puncture on the third interval just behind the middle. Al
though they are shining and often more or less iridescent. they are
rarely with color markings other than the piceous or vellow shades
of the antenne and legs. and. as a result, are very difficult of sep-
aration. They live beneath stones. logs and bark, especially that
of oak, usually in damp locations, and when uncovered run very
swiftly. The following are the principal papers treating of the
genus:
LeCoute.—‘Svnopsis.’’ in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IL
1852. 250.
LeConte— ‘Svnoptic Table.’’ in Proce. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XVIL
375: and im Bull. Brook. Entom. Soe.. TIT. 1880. 19.
About twenty species are knewn from the United States. six of
which have been taken in Indiana. while another may vecur. They
belong to that division of the family in which the side margin of
the thorax is not flattened toward the hind angles.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LOXANDRLUS.
a. Larger, 9-13 mm.
b. Lags, or at least the tibi:se and tarsi, reddish-brown: elytral strice
punctate.
ec. Thorax cne-half wider than long; length 11.5-13 min.
170: “RECTUS:
ec, Thorax very slightly wider than long: fenora often pice ws: length
9-10 mm. 171.) MINOR.
bh, Legs whelly black or pice: us: elytral strie not punctate.
qd. Thorax wider than leony. its hind angles rectangular.
172. BREVICOLLIs.
dd. Thorax longer than wide. hind angles obtuse. 173. ERRATICES.
aa, Smaller. not over 7.7 mm.
e. Elytra uniform black or piceous: legs pale to dark reddish-brown.
WW4. AGITIs.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 111
ee, Elytra with a common sutural reddisn spot behind the middle.
f. Legs dull yellow; hind angles rounded at tip. 175. VELON.
ff. Legs dark; hind angles not rounded. CELER.
*170 (694). LoxaNpRUS RECTUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 58;
ibid. II, 481, 534.
Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining; antenne, palpi and legs red-
dish-brown. Thorax nearly as broad as elytra; sides feebly curved; basal
impressions deep, not punctured. Elytral strise deep, finely punctured on
their sides; intervals convex. T.eugth 11.5 nun.
Vigo County; rare. January 7. .\ member of the Austrori-
parian fauna.
171 699). Loxanprus minor Chaud., Bull. Mosc., IV, 1843, 766.
Black or piceous, iridescent, shining; anteume, tibie
and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrower than
elytra, very slightly wider than long; sides feebly curved,
hind angles cbtuse, with the extreme tip rounded. Ely-
tral strive shallow. very finely punctured; intervals sub-
convex. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig, Gi.)
Southern half of State, frequent; Kosciusko
County only in the north. April 20—October 20.
Occurs in sandy localities near water. The legs of
this species vary in hue, being usually wholly red-
dish-brown ; sometimes, however, the femora (and ee "i
rarely the tibiz) are piceous. From brevicollis and (Original. )
and erraticus the individuals with dark legs can be distinguished
by their smaller size and by the minute elongate punctures at the
bottom of the striz.
J
172 (GOS). LoXaNDRUS BREVICOLLIS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1548, 338.
Black, iridescent, shining; antenne, tibiz and tarsi dark reddish-
brown, femora piceous. Thorax subquadrate. nearly as broad as elytra:
sides curved to behind middle, thence obiique to base; basal impressions
wider and more shallow than in rectus, Elytral strie shallow; intervals
flat. Length 11-12 mm.
Cypress swamp, Knox County, and near mouth of White River,
Gibson County; rare. April 30-July 6. Also a species of south-
ern range.
173 (700). Loxanprus ERRATICUS Dej. Spec., III, 1828, 240.
Black, shining, iridescent; antenne dark reddish-brown, the two basal
joints paler. Thorax subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, basal impres-
sions rather shallow. Elytral striw not or very obsoletely punctured; in-
tervals subconvex. Length 9-10.5 mm.
Fulton avd Knox counties; rare. May 20-August 31.
[8—23402]
112 FAMILY If.—CARABIDE.
*174 (702). Loxanprvus acGitis Dej.. Spec. III, 182s. 24d.
Black or piceous. shining, feebly irideseeut; anteume dusky. the basal
joint paler: legs pule tu dark reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, as wide
us long; sides more strongly curved than in minor: basal impressions large,
sparsely and finely punctate, hind angles rounded. Elytral striz finely but
distinctly punctate: intervals subconvex. Length 5.5-7 min.
Fulton, Vigo and Dubois counties: scarce. January 7—August
20. Oceurs under bark of oak stumps and logs,
175 (707). Loxanprus vELOX Dej.. Spree. TIT, 182s. 245.
Black or piceous. shining; three basal joints of antenne reddish-yellow.
remainder darker. Thorax slightly wider than long. sides feebly curved.
basal impressions narrow. Elytral strive distinctly punctured: intervals
flattened. Length 5-4 mm.
Marion. Vigo. Lawrence and Crawford counties: searce. Jan-
uary 7-October 23. The reddish-yellow svtural spot near apex 1s
sometimes indistinct.
L. celer Dej., 6-7 mm. in length. is known from Illinois. Florida
and Texas. and probably occurs in the scuthern third of Indiana.
Tribe VIL. LICININI.
Antenne moderately long, arising from beneath a distinct fron-
tal plate. two or three basal joints glabrous; head short. with two
sete above the eves: labrum short. emarginate. longitudinally im-
pressed: mandibles stout. more or less curved. mentum deeply
emarginate. without a tooth. Thorax with one (rarely two) bris-
tle-bearing punctures on the side and one near the hind angles.
Body not pedunculate. Elytra striate, margined at base. not in-
terrupted on the margin. Hind coxa contiguous; front tibie deep-
Ivy emarginate on imner side. Males with two or three joints of
front tarsi rather broadly dilated. spongy pubescent beneath and
ciliate at the sides.
Four genera represent the tribe in the United States. three of
which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENEKA OF LICININI.
a, Antenne with three basal joints entirely glabrous: size medium er
large. 10 or more mm. :
b. Elytra with one dorsal puncture on the third interval (except in
obtusa) ; eighth and ninth striwe very close.
NXNVILL. Drerocwina.
bb. Elytra without dorsal puncture: eighth and ninth strie well Se]ic
arated. XXIX. Dic-etts.
aa. Antenne with only two basal joints ghibreus: size small. net over 7
mm.; third interval with two dorsal punctures. SAX. BavisTEe:
THE GROUND BEETLES. 113
XXVIII. DieLocnma Brulle. 1835. (Gr., ‘‘double +lip.’’)
Smooth black beetles of small or medium size. Elytra usually
with one dorsal puncture near the middle of the third interval, the
apex feebly sinuate. They live beneath stones and rubbish, usually
in damp places. Three species and two varieties are known from
the United States, all of which occur in Indiana. The following
table is based on that of Dr. Horn in Bull. Brooklyn Entomological
Society, ITI, 1880, p. 52:
KEY TO SPECIES OF DIPLOCHILA.
«. Ilind angles of thorax distinct.
b, Seventh stria of elytra feeble or almost obsolete; base of thorax
broader than apex.
ec. Smaller, 13-15 mm. 176. LATICOLLIS.
cc, Larger, 18 or more niu. 17a. var. MAJOR.
bb. Seventh stria about as distinct as sixth; thorax Jess narrowed jn
front, base more narrowed, scarcely broader than apex.
d. Elytral intervals all black. 177. IMPRESSICOLLIS.
dd, Alternate elytril intervals reddish-purple.
177a. var. ALTERNANS.
aa. Hind angles of thorax obtusely rounded: elytral strie finer, seventh
almost obsolete; length 11-12 mm. 178. OBTUSA.
*176 (710). DrPLocHILA LATICOLLIS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848,
319.
Black. feebly shining; antennre and tarsi dark brown, the basal joints
of both piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides curved to behind
middle. thence oblique to base; hind angles rectangular. Elytra finely
alutaceous, the striz shallow, not or very faintly punctured; intervals flat.
Length 13-15 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 6—-October 9. Some-
times attracted by electric lghts.
176a (710a). DiIPLocHILA LATICOLLIS MAJOR Lec., loc. cit., 318.
In addition to its larger size, this form has the basal impressions of
thorax broader and more shallow, the elytral strise finely but distinctly
punctate, the seventh fainter, often wholly obsolete. Length 18-20 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Mareh 18-October 27. Usually
considered a variety of lalicollis, but probably distinct.
177 (711). DiPLocHILA IMPRESSICOLLIS Dej., Spec. V. 1820, 682.
Black. Apex of thorax less narrowed than in Jaticollis, nearly as
broad as base. EKlytral strias deeper. rather coarsely punctured; intervals
more convex. Length 16-17 mm.
Take, Laporte and Vigo counties; searee. Mareh 18—July 7.
114 FAMILY IIl.—CARABIDZ.
177a (——). DIPLOCHILA IMPRESSICOLLIS ALTERNANS Casey.
Differs from typical impressicollis only as shown in table. size the
same.
Vigo and Lake counties: rare. May 30-Jume 7.
17S (712). Drprocwits opttsa Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1S48. 320.
Black, feebly shining: antenn reddish-brown: tibi# and tarsi piceous.
Thorax nearly one-half wider than long, base wider than apex. sides feebly
curved. basal impressions deep. Elytral strie not punctured; intervals
feebly convex, the third without dorsal puncture. Length 11-12 mm.
Rare: two specimens from Vigo County. April 11.
XXIX. Dicztrs Bon. 1513. (Gr., ‘‘two-pitted.’’)
Black, violet or bronzed-purple beetles of large size. possessing
the characters of the tribe Licinini as above given. From allied
genera they are separated by the absence of dorsal punctures and
hy having three joints of the antenne smooth. In our species the
elytra are deeply striate. with the seventh interval carinate from
the humerus to a varving distance. and with the eighth and ninth
strie well separated. The generic name refers to the impressions
near base of thorax. Their focd has been shown by Dr. Forhes to
be wholly of insect origin. thus proving their beneficial habits. They
eceur beneath logs and stones. usually in high. dry. open woods.
Seventeen species are known from the United States. Of these
nine have been taken in Indiana. while another perhaps occurs.
For literature see:
Horn.— Synoptic Table”? in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. IT.
1580. 51.
Wickham.— ‘Coleoptera of Northeastern America.’’ in Journ.
N.Y. Entom. Soe.. TV. 1596, 44.
KEY To INDLANA SPECIES OF DIC-ELUS.
a. Elytral intervals very irregular. interrupted by large punctures.
179. SCULPTILIS.
aa. Elytral intervals regular, not interrupted.
6. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base.
e. Elytra net uniform black: leueth 1-25 mm.
d. Elytra violaeecus or purplish. JM PURPURATUS.
dd, Elytra brilliant brassy or cuprecus. SPLENDIDUS.
ec. Elytra black.
e. Intervals of elytra alternately broader and more convex; hu-
meral carina very Icng. 181. FURVUS.
ce. Intervals of elytra equal.
f. Two bristle-bearing punctures on margin of thorax near mid-
dle: form moderately elongate. the elytral intervals equal.
182. ELONGATUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 115
ff. One bristle-bearing puncture on margin of thorax near middle.
g. Smaller, 15-16 mm.; basal transverse impression of thorax
feeble. 183. OVALIS.
gg. Larger, 20-25 mm.; basal transverse impression distinct.
h. Form elongate; margin of thorax reflexed near base.
184. AMBIGUUS.
hh. Form broad; sides of thorax not or but slightly reflexed
near base; elytral intervals rather narrow, convex; hu-
meral carina two-thirds the length of elytra.
185. DILATATUS.
bb. Thorax as wide or wider at apex than base.
i. Surface scarcely shining; thorax decidedly narrowed behind.
186. TETER.
wi. Surface shining; thorax nearly square, not narrowed behind; hu-
meral carina very short. 187. POLITUS.
179 (722). Dica#Lus scutpTinis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., II, 1823, 68; ibid. I, 58.
Broad, subconvex. Black, shining; antennz piceous, paler
at tip. Thorax very slightly widest at base, the margin
broad; disk finely alutaceous, minutely rugose, not punctate.
Readily known hy the rough upper surface of the elytra.
Length 17-19 mm. (Fig. 68.)
Southern portion of State, scarce; not taken north
of Wayne and Fountain counties. April 17-October
16. Oceurs most commonly in low, damp woods.
Fig. 68.
(After Say.)
180 (718). Dic.eLvs puRPURATUS Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1818, 447; Say, I, 51.
Purplish or violaceous, without brassy tinge; antennze
(as in all the succeeding species) piceous at base, grad-
ually paler to apex; legs black. Thorax with fine, wavy
transverse lines. Elytra alutacesus, the strize deep ;, in-
tervals very convex. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig. 69.)
_ This large beetle is one of the most handsome of
our Carabide. It occurs frequently in southern
Indiana, hut in the north has been taken only in
_ Kosciusko County. April 6-August 11.
Fig. 69. (After Say.) D, splendidus Say, 18-25 mm. in length, occurs
in Illinois and possibly in western Indiana.
181 (723). Dica us Frurvus Dej.. Spec., I. 1826, 388.
Short and rather broad. Blackish, opaque or feebly shining. Thorax
as in purpuratus, the median line feeble. the margins but slightly reflexed.
Elytra minutely granulate; the interval between the fifth and sixth striz
with several punctures near the base. Length 15-16 mm.
Putnam, Vigo, Dubois. Posey and Dearborn counties; scarce.
March 25-September 16. The humeral carina extends almost to
apex and unites at tip with the fifth interval.
116 FAMILY II.—CARABID.©.
182 (726). Dica&Lus ELONGATUS Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813, 447.
Much more elongate. Black, shining. Thorax with deep, distinct
median line and two bristle-bearing punctures on sides just in front of the
middle. Elytra granulate and punctate as in furvus, the strie deep; in-
tervals convex; humeral carina reaching beyond middle. Length 15-18 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 9—October 17.
183 (725). Dic-ELUs ovauis Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848. 027.
Short, rather broad. Black, feebly shining. Thorax with median line
very distinct, deeper near base and apex. Elytral strive deep; humeral
carina reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 15-16 mm.
Kosciusko, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. May 17—Octo-
ber 27. This species is of the same form and size of furvus, but is
easily distinguished by the equal elytral intervals.
IS4 (727). Dic&eLUs ampietts Laf., Rey. Zool. 1841. 48.
Elongate, subparallel. Black. more or less shining. Sidex of thorax
more strongly reflexed than in any of the preceding species. Elytral strize
deep: intervals quite convex: humeral carina not reaching middle. Length
19-22 mm.
Frequent in the southern portion of State. as far north as Ver-
million County. April 9-October 6.
185 (715). Dic-eLUs DILATATUS Say, Lrans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1823. 6s:
ibid. I, 53.
Broad, very robust. Black. dull or very feebly shining.
Thorax with the margins but little reflexed: transverse
ae I basal impression very deep. Elytral strize deep, broad.
chsoletely punctured toward the tip; humeral carina
. reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig.
= AA
Southern half of State. frequent; not taken north
of Vigo County. April 18-October 21. Our larg-
vst member of the genus.
Fig. 70. (After Say.)
186 (728). DiceLts TeTER Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813. 449.
Elongate. rather slender. Black, feebly shining. Thorax broadest in
front of middle; margins strongly retiexed. transverse basal impression ex-
tending almost from middle to base. Elytral strim deep. intervals very con-
vex: humeral carina reaching to middle. Length 20-22 mm.
Crawford County: rare. May 18. On account of the form of
the thorax, this speries has the general appearance of a Pterostichus.
187 (729). DiczxL~ts potirus Dej.. Spee. II. 1826, 391.
Elongate-oblong. Black. strongly shining. Thorax subqundrate. a lit-
tle longer than wide. apex and base equal. Elytra regularly and deeply
striate. Length 11-14 mm.
Southern half of State. frequent: Kosciusko County ouly in
the north. April 9-Septemhber 6. Our smallest species. Resem-
THE GROUND BEETLES. 117
bles Ptcrostichus permundus, but easily distinguished by the lack
of dorsal punetures.
XXX. Bavister Clairv. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘a fast walker.’’)
Small piceous, brownish or spotted beetles, possessing the char-
acters of the tribe Licinini. but having only the two basal joints of
‘antenne entirely glabrous; the elytra with the eighth and ninth
striz well separated and the tips not sinuate. They occur beneath
stones and logs, usually singly and in damp localities, and are com-
paratively rare. The following papers are cited for students in-
terested in the North American forms:
LeConte—‘‘Short Studies of North American Coleoptera,’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 165.
LeConte.—‘‘Synoptical Table,’’ in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., V,
1882, 7.
Eleven species are known from the United States. Of these
five have been taken in Indiana. Two others may also occur, while
a new form is herewith described.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BADISTER.
a. Elytral strive deep, the intervals narrow. convex; antenne and legs
reddish-yellow ; elytra reddish-brown, darker behind.
‘ ISS. NOTATUS.
aa. Elytral strive shallow, intervals Nat or nearly so.
U. elytra spotted.
ce. Thorax, legs and elytra yellow; elytra with a broad middle band,
interrupted at the suture. and an apical spot, black, iridescent.
189. PULCHELLUS.
cc. Thorax black, legs and basal third of elytra orange; apical two-
thirds of elytra black with an orange spot near apex.
190. MACULATUS.
bv. Elytra not spotted. sumetimes bicolored.
d. Thorax and legs dull brownish-yellow: elytra piceous. margined
at sides, buse and suture with yelluwish-brown ; Jength 5.5-4 min.
OBTUSUS.
dd. Black or piceous, legs yellow.
c¢. Hind angles of thorax very much rounded; length 6 mm.
FLAVIPES.
ee. Hind angles obtuse, not or feebly rounded.
f. Head as broad as thorax: margins of latter of same color as
disk. 191. LATICEPs.
ff. Head narrower than thyrax ; margins of latter paler than disk.
g. Larger. 5-6 mm.; margins of thorax narrow, not more re-
flexed towards the base. 192. MICANS.
gg. Sialler, not over + mm.; margins of thorax wider and more
reflexed towards the base. 193. REFLEXUS.
118 FAMILY IT.—CARABID=.
ISS (731). BavistTER Notatus Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. I, 299.
Elongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax black, shining; color other-
wise as given in key. Thorax obcordate; hind angles obtuse; basal impres-
sions deep, linear; median impressed line entire. deep. Length ++.5 mm.
Lake. Marion. Crawford and Posey counties; rare. May 5—No-
vember 8.
1S) *( 782). BRapisrER PULCHELLUs Lee... Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848. 418.
Elengate-oval. Head black, antennze dusky, first
joint yellow. The two black spots on each elytron
are sometimes connected by a broad stripe. Thorax
obeordate, the basal impressions broad and shallow.
Length 5.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 70a.)
Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo ceunties; scarce. Oc-
curs beneath logs and bark along the margins of
\ marshes and lakes. Hibernates as imago. : Jan-
Fig. 703. (Original) ulary 6—October 29.
190 (734). BabIsTeR MactLatTts Lec.. Traus. Amer, Phil. Soe... X. 387.
Elongate-oval. Color as given in key. Thorax obcordate with a deep.
transverse line between the basal impressicus. the latter prominent: me-
dian impressed line entire. deep. Length 6 mm.
One specimen from Vigo County. Found beneath log in sandy
upland woods. October 17. Known before only from Pennsylvania.
B. obtusus Lee.. is a boreal species which may vet be found in
northern Indiana. B. flavipes Lec.. is recorded from Cincinnati.
in] (——). BaAbISTER LATICEPS sp. nov.
Elongate-oval. Piceous. shining: antenne and legs yellow. the apical
half of former gradually dusky; narrow margin of elytra and epipleura
dull yellow. Head as brond as thorax. faintly alutaceous; eres prominent.
Thorax slightly broader than long. narrowed from in front of middle to
base: margins narrowly reflexed. scarcely more so near hind angles. which
are obtuse: surface finely alutaceons. basal impression deep. median line
entire. Elytral strize well impressed on disk. more shallow on sides: in-
tervills subconvex. Length 6 mni.
Vigo. Knox. Clark and Perry counties: scarce. April 15—-Sep-
tember 27. Resembles micans closely and confused in my collec-
tion with that species until the type was examined at Cambridge.
In addition to differences mentioned in key the thorax in laticeps
is less transverse and has the besal impressions deeper and better
defined. From ferrvgineux., a Californian species, to which it is
also closely allied. it differs by the less transverse thorax and the
pale antenne.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 119
192 (740). BapisvErR mMIcans Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 52.
Blongate-oval. Above picecus with a bluish luster, the head darker;
antenne dusky brown, the basal joint paler. Thorax one-half wider than
long, the basal impressions broader and more shallow than in Jaticcps.
Elytral strive feebly impressed: intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Kosciusko County: rare. October 29.
193 (741). BapisTeR rerLexus Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., VIII, 1880,
166.
Elongate-oval, slender. Piceous, feebly shining. the narrow margin of
thorax and elytra dull yellow, translucent; antenne dusky, tip of last
joint paler; legs dull yellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, trapezoidal,
narrowed behind; basal impressions and median line deep; margins wider
than in the two preceding species and more reflexed near the hind angles,
which are obtuse. not rounded. Blytral strie fine; intervals broad, nearly
flat. Length 4 mm.
Laporte. Marshall, Vigo and Knox counties; rare. May 20-Sep-
tember 2.
Tribe VIII. PLATYNINI.
Beetles of medium or small size. having the antenne slender.
arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge, three basal joints gla-
brous; head oval, rarely elongate. the eyes not very distant from
thorax: mandibles moderately prominent, feebly curved, without a
seta in outer groove; mentum deeply emarginate, toothed or not.
Thorax variable in form with a bristle-bearing puncture at sides
and a second at or in front of the hind angle. Elytra margined at
base, sides narrowly reflexed, apex obliquely sinuate, disk striate
and in our species with dorsal punctures. Prosternum not pro-
longed at tip; hind coxe contigucus. Males with three joints of
front tarsi feebly dilated and clothed beneath with small scales.
Four of the five genera oecur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PLATYNINI.
@. Highth elytral stria distant from the margin, not deeply impressed;
thorax truncate or emarginate at base.
b. Tarsal claws more or less serrate: mentum toothed; tarsi glabrous
above. XXXII. CALATHUS.
bb. Tarsal claws not serrate.
ec. Mentum toothed. XXXII. PLatynus.
ec. Mentum not toothed. XXXIII. OListHoPus.
aq. Highth elytral stria united with the margin in its basal half, deeply
impressed and reaching the suture. XXXIV. PrERIGONA.
120 PAMILY If.—CARABIDE.
XNNI Canatavs Bon, Is135 (NL. ‘fa ecireular basket” or
*fealyx-like.")
Brownish or black beetles of medium or small size, possessing
the characters of the tribe Platvnini. From allied genera they are
separated by the smooth tarsi. the claws of which are serrate. Six
examples of our most common species (aregarius) were dissected
by Dr. Forbes. who found that two-thirds of their food consisted
of caterpillars and other insect larve. and the remainder of the
pollen of yvrasses. Our species occur beneath logs. ete.. usually in
dry upland words. They are diffieult te separate. and the only
papers treating of them are by
LrContc.—In Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. VIZ, 1s54. 36; 1560,
317.
Ten species have been described from the United States, three
of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALATHUS.
a. Thorax not narrowed behind. its base as wide as base of elytra; basal
impressions feeble or wanting.
b. Entire upper surface polished, shining; sides of thorax moderately
refiexed. 194. GREGARITS.
vb. Head and thorax shining. elytra dull, opaque: sides of thorax de-
pressed. broader behind, net retiexed. 195. OPACULUS.
aa. Thorax broadest rather before the middle. slightly narrowed toward
the base. the latter narrower than base of elytra; basal impressions
distinct. 196. IMPUNCTATES.
“194 1742). CaLATHUS GREGARIUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1S25.
47: ibid. II, 472.
Elongate-oval. Dark chestnut or reddish-brown. the margins of thorax
paler; antenne and legs reddish-brown. Therax slightly longer than bread.
Lind angles rounded. Elytral striw# shallow. not punctured. Length 10-11 mim.
Throughout the State: commen. January 11-November 17. Gre-
garious in cold weather.
“105 (744). CaLatTats opacurts Lec., Proc. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci.. VII, 1834. 87.
Form of gregarius, Tend and thorax reddish:
ov chestnut-brown ? antenne and legs paler: elytra
dull piceous or very dark brown. Thorax net
longer than wide, slightly narrowed toward apex.
Elytra minutely alutacesus. the strige very fine.
Length 8$.5-10 mm. + Fig. 71.)
Lake. Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties:
frequent. January 1-Neyvember 24. Prob-
Fig. 71. 3. (Original) ably occurs throughout the State.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 121
196 (750). Carvrnces mpunxcrarus Say, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
45; ibid. II, 471.
Elongate-oval, Black or piceous, shining; antennse and legs pale red-
dish-brown. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly curved, hind
angles obtusely rounded, basal impressions not punctured. Elytral strise
deep, not punctured: intervals convex, the third with two distinet punc-
(ures. Length 10.5 11.5 mm.
Northern half of State: searee. June 17—August 21.
XXXII. Prharynus Bon. 1813. -(Gr., ‘‘flat or depressed.’’)
A large genus of black, green or bronzed beetles of medium size
and possessing the characters of the tribe. Palpi slender, with the
last two joints subequal; first, third and fourth joints of antenne
of about the same length. Body usually somewhat slender with
the elytra nearly twice as wide as the head or thorax. Thorax very
variable in form, being either oval, cordate, square or rounded;
the margin sometimes barely visible. Elytra oval or oblong, some-
times elliptical, usually slightly sinuate at apex, sometimes almost
truncate ; the interval between the second and third strie with from
three to seven dorsal punctures.
The members of the genus occur beneath cover in all kinds of
situations, some species being found only along the margins of
ponds, streams and Jakes, others in high, dry upland woods, and
still others only in sandy locations. A number are known to hiber-
nate as imagoes. The two papers treating of the species of the
United States fauna are as follows:
LeConte.—‘‘Synopsis of the Species of Platynus and Allied
Genera Inhabiting the United States,’’ 7m Proe. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., VIT, 1854, 35.
LeConte.—‘‘Synopsis of the North American Species of Platy-
nus,’’ in Bull. Brook. Entom. Sor., II, 1879, 48-58.
About 90 species of Platynus have been described from the
United States. Of these +1 are known to occur in Indiana. Since
the number of species is so large, the genus in the table which fol-
lows is first divided into groups, and these in turn into species.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA PLATYNUS.
a. Elytra oval without humeral angles; side pieces of metathorax shurt.
not much longer than wide; thorax ovate, narrowed behind, usually
strongly margined at sides. Group A.
aa. Blytra with broadly rounded humeral angles; side pieces of metathorax
longer than wide.
b. Hind angles of thorax not rounded.
ce. Front tarsi without grooves, middle and hind tarsi with grooves
on the sides; thorax narrowed bebind. Group B.
122 FAMILY IT.—CARABIDE.
ce. All the tarsi with distinct grooves on the sides; hind angles of
thorax obtuse or rectangular. Group ¢.
bb. Hind angles of thorax much rounded, rarely obtuse or somewhat de-
fined.
d. Side margins of thorax wider toward the base and refiexed; tarsi
with distinet lateral but no medial grooves. Group D.
dd. Side margin of thorax narrow, but little if at all reflexed.
v. Dorsal punctures of elytra three; thorax rounded-oval, its basal
impressions punctiform; pubescence of antenne beginning on
fourth joint. Group £.
ce, Dorsal punctures 4+ to 6; basal impressions not punctiform ;
pubescence of antenne beginning on third joint; thorax oval,
margin narrowly reflexed. Group F.
Group A.
The species of this group are of a slender form, without inner
wings or with feeble ones in quadrimaculatus; legs and antennz
long; thorax usually elongate; elytra regularly elliptical without
distinct humeral angles, sinuate toward the tip and with the lateral
margin broader and more reflexed than in the other groups. Four
species whose range is such as to include Indiana belong to this
group.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP a.
«a. Suture of elytra prolonged and divergent at tips; front tarsi with
medial grooves on upper surface. 197. CAUDATUS.
aa. Suture of elytra not prolonged at tips; front tarsi without grooves.
bv. Hind angles of thorax rounded; elytral strize deep.
ce. Alternate intervals of elytra with numerous punctures; antenne
and legs pale reddish-brown. 198. HYPOLITHUS.
ce. Third interval of elytra with four punctures; antenne and legs
black. ANGUSTATUS.
bb. Hind angles of thorax rectangular; stris of elytra shallow; thorax,
base of elytra and subapical spot yellow.
199. QUADRIMACULATUS.
197 (755). PLATYNUS CAUDATUS Lec., New Sp., I, 1868, 7.
Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-brown; antenne and legs paler. Third
joint of antenne nearly twice as long as fourth. Thorax elongate-ovate.
side margins strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse. Elytral margin strongly
reflexed, obliquely sinuate near apex; strive almost obsolete; alternate in-
tervals with an irregular row of rather Jarge shallow punctures. Length
12.5 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties; very rare. May 17-May 25. Oc-
curs beneath rubbish or flat stones near water.
198 (759). PLATYNUs uwYPOLITHUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., LI, 1823,
59; ibid. II, 482.
Blongate, slender, large for the genus. Black, shining; legs and an-
tenn pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half longer than wide, narrowed
THE GROUND BFETLES. 123
behind, margin strongly refiexed, basal impressions deep. Elytra elliptical;
strice moderately deep; intervals convex, the alternate ones with a row of
rather large punctures on the sides. Length 13-15 mm. ( Fig. 72.)
Vigo, Putnam, Monroe and Franklin counties; scarce. May 8-
October 4. Occurs beneath stones in deep wooded ravines.
ly (762). PhaTyNUS QUADRIMACULAItS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
XII, 1885. 130.
Elongate-cval, slender. Antenne, legs and thorax reddish-yellow ; head
und elytra black. the latter with basal third and large rounded subapical
spot reddish-yellow. Thorax somewhat curdiform. a little longer than wide,
narrowed at bese, with an extremely narrow reflexed margin. Elytra oval,
big. 73.
Fig. 72. + 2¢. (Original.) (After Horn.)
broader behind; intervals flat, the third with three very small dorsal pune
tures. Length 7-7. mm. (Fig. 73.)
Knox and Posey counties; rare. April 20-April 25. Occurs
beneath cover in moist localities.*
P. angustatus Dej., 13-14 mm. in length, is said to inhabit the
Middle and Southern States. and perhaps occurs in the hilly por-
tion of southern Indiana.
Group B.
Composed of winged species, black or piceous in color, having
the thorax strongly margined, basal impressions large and deep,
hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Elytra one-half or more
broader than thorax, truncate at base, more or less sinuate toward
the extremity, the striz fine to deep, the second strie or third in-
terval with three or four impressed punctures.
See
*See Can. Ent. XX XVIII, 1906, p. 267.
124 FAMILY If.—CARABID.©.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
u. Form rather broad; elytral strize deep.
b. Black, shining; elytral intervals convex.
c. Larger, 12-14 mm., more depressed; elytra more deeply sinuate
behind: hind angles of thorax ohtnse: side pieces of metathorax
not punctured. 200. DECENs.
ce. Smaller, 11 min.. Jess depressed; hind angles of thorax rectangu-
lar; side pieces of inetathorax punctured. 201. SINUATUs.
bb. Subopaque; elytral intervals flat, the stri:e less deep; hind angles of
thorax obtusely rounded. 2U2. OPACULUs.
aa. Form slender; antennze and legs very long; elytral strice fine.
d. Elytra each with three dorsal punctures; piceous brown, the margin
of thorax not paler.
¢. Hind angles of thorax almost rounded; side margins strongly re-
. flexed only on basal half; elytral intervals alutaceous.
203. CINCTICOLLIS.
ee. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, not rounded; side margins strongly
refiexed their full length; legs and antennz pale reddish-brown:
intervals not alutaceous. 204. REFLEXUS.
dd, Elytra each with four or five dorsal punctures; dark reddish-brown.
the margin of thorax translucent. 205. PARMARGINATUS.
400 (Tub). Dnarysus pecens Say. Trans. Amer, Phil. Soe, D1. 152, 38:
ibid. II, 477.
Rather broad, depressed. Black; legs, antenne and margin of thorax
piceous. Thorax subcordate, narrowed behind, basal impressions punc-
tured; hind angles obtuse, margin of moderate width, reflexed. Elytral
striz deep, not or very obsoletely punctured; intervals convex, finely alu-
taceous. Length 12-14 mm.
Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. April 10-August 2s.
In this and the next two species the median line and front trans-
verse impression of thorax are rather deep, the elytra more than
one-half broader than thorax and slightly sinuate near their tips.
201 (766). PuLaTyNus sinuatTus Dej., Spec. III.
108.
Resembles deccns but smaller, less depressed and
more shining. Basal impressious of thorax wider.
Elytra less deeply striate, finely punctured: in-
tervals less convex. Length 10.5-11 mm. (Tig.
TH.)
Throughout the State; searee. April 10-
August 13.
202 (767). Pratynvs opactitts Lee., New Spec.
N. Amer. Col., I, 1863. 8.
: Rather slender, depressed. Dull piceous or sub-
Fig. 74. <3. (Original.) opaque. ‘Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in
THE GROUND BEETLES. 125
front and behind, the margin rather strongly reflexed; basal impressions
wide, deep, not punctured. Elytral strise shallow, not punctured; intervals
flat, alutaceous. Length 12-13 mm.
Lake and Posey counties; rare. May 14-May 20.
203 (769). PLarynus cincricoLiis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
52; ibid. I], 476.
Elongate, slender. Liceous black. Thorax widest at_middle, more
narrowed behind than in front. margins strongly reflexed near the hind
-tngles; basal impressions deep, not punctured. Elytral strie not punc-
tured ; intervals slightly convex. Length 9.5-11 mm.
Throughout the State: common. Jlibernates. February 9-
October 29.
204 (770). PLaTyNUs REFLExUS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.
Resembles cincticollis in form. Distinguished readily by the lighter
colored antennze and legs. Thurax longer, more narrowed behind; side
margins more strongly reflexed, as wide in front as towards the base;
front angles more prominent. Elytral strisw deeper; the intervals a little
more convex. Length 9.5-11 mm.
Laporte, Lawrence and Owen counties; frequent beneath rocks
along streams, especially those within but near the mouths of
caves. April 15-November 8.
205 (9272). PLATYNUS PARMARGINATUS Ham., Can. Ent., XXV, 1893, 305.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-brown; antenne, legs and
margin of thorax lighter brown. Thorax about as wide as long, side mar-
gins wide, strongly reflexed their full length; front angles prominent, ob-
tusely rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions deep, finely and
sparsely punctate. Elytral striz deep, not punctured; intervals subconvex,
the third with three or four punctures near the third stria and another
near the apex of the second stria. JLength 8-10 mm.
Crawford and Jackson counties; svarce. Occurs beneath stones
in channels or shallow ravines on the slopes of high wooded hills.
May 16-September 24.
Group C.
The species of this group are winged, brownish, bluish or
greenish in color, with base of antenne, legs and occasionally the
thorax, reddish-yellow. The thorax is longer than wide, the mar-
gin less strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Ely-
tra elongate, about twice as wide as thorax, scarcely sinuate near
apex, humeri broadly rounded, strie deep but fine, the intervals
nearly flat. the 1hird with three to seven punctures,
126 FAMILY IT.—CARARID.F.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. Color greenish or bluish. base of antennz, palpi and legs reddish-yel-
low: base of thorax not cylindrical.
b. Basal impressions of thorax deep.
ec. Thorax with the basal half distinctly narrowed. the impressien.
long. curved; color purplish or dull green.
206. EXTENSICOLLIs.
ec. Basal portion of thorax not distinctly narrowed. the impressions
shorter, less curved; thorax and elytra bright green.
206a. var. VIRIDIs.
bb. Basal impressions small, narrow; therax and scutellum reddish-yel-
low. 207. DECORTs.
aa. Color piceous or reddish-brown; base of thorax subcylindrical; elytral
intervals convex. marked with a rew of small punctures. each pune-
ture bearing a fine hair. 208. PUSILLTS.
206 (772). PLATYNUS EXTENSICOLLIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IT. 1823.
54; ibid. IT, 47s.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish or bronzed, shining;
elytra dull greenish or purplish. Base of thorax finely punctured, the im-
pressions with a small. blunt tubercle on the outer side near the hind
angles, the latter obtuse. Elstral strie shallow. not punctured; intervals
slightly convex, alutaceous, the third with four or five small, remote punc
tures. Length S-9.5 mm.
Shores of Fish Lake, Steuben County: frequent. Lake County
by Wolcott. March 26—July 19.
*206a (772b). PLATYNUS EXTENSICOLLIS vinipIs Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist..
IV, 1848. 222.
Differs from the preceding mainly as mentioned in key. Head some
times blackish-green. Thorax with hind angles more rounded and the basal
impressions without tubercles. Varies in depth of elytral strize and con-
vexity of the intervals; in some specimens the striz are finely punctured.
Throughout the State; rather common beneath rubbish in damp
localities. Hibernates. February 21—-November 28.
© e207 (773). PratyNts pDEcorts Say. Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc., II. 1828. 53: ibid. I. 477.
Elongate. slender. Head green or greenish-bronze:
thorax. scutellum, legs and base of antenn reddish-
yellow; elytra blackish. often green near margins.
Thorax a little longer than wide, slightly narrowed
at base. hind angles obtuse: elytral striae shallow. not
punctured ; intervals slightly convex. finely alutaceous.
distinctly punctured, the third with five to seven small
dorsal punctures. Length 7.7-8.5 mm. (Fig. 75.)
: Throughout the State. but scarce. Hiber-
Fig. 75. <4. (Original) nates. February 8-October 23. Occurs. be-
THE GROUND BEETLES. 127
neath old logs in dry. upland open woods. In two specimens the
intervals are much more coarsely punctured, more convex and
strongly alutaceous,
*208 (784). Puatynus pusmivs Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII.
1854, 39.
Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous, the elytra usually
reddish-brown; antennze and legs light brown. Thorax long and cordate;
base much narrowed, subcylindrical; impressions elongate and narrow.
hind angles rectangular; median line deep, surface sparsely and rather
coarsely punctured. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, tips rounded, strize
deep and finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. January 21-
September 11.
GrourP D.
A large group of winged species, usually black, the legs and an-
tenne sometimes of the same hue, more often piceous or reddish-
brown. Thorax rounded, the margin usually slightly widened and
refiexed toward the base, hind angles very obtuse or altogether
rounded, basal impressions variable, either broad and shallow or
deep and narrow, sometimes almost obsolete. Elytra often not
much wider than thorax, humeri broadly rounded, the base trun-
eate or subemarginate, tips rounded and hardly sinuate; intervals
mostly flat, the third with three to seven punctures. Tarsi with
distinct lateral but no medial grooves.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D.
a. Thorax transversely oval or rounded, rarely subquadrate; elytra not
deeply emarginate at base.
b. Either black (rarely bronzed), or green with disk of elytra cu-
preous; hind angles of thorax usually much rounded.
c. Dorsal punctures three.
d. Antenne, and usually the legs, wholly black or piceous.
e. Thorax with side margins wider and strongly reflexed near
the base.
f. Elytral striz fine, the intervals flat.
g. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rather distinct.
211. MaRENS.
gg. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded. 212. TENUIS.
ff. Elytral striae deep, the intervals more or less convex.
h. Elytral strie strongly punctured; hind angles entirely
rounded. 213. COLLARIS.
hh. Elytral strie not or feebly punctulate.
i. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded; elytral inter-
vals distinctly convex, 214. ATRATUS.
[928402]
128 FAMILY If.—CARABID.®.
ii, Tlind angles very obtuse but distinct; elytral intervals
feebly convex. 215. MELANARIUS,
ee, Thorax with side margins only narrowly reflexed at the edge.
j. All three dorsal punctures on third stria; hind angles en-
tirely rounded. 217. corvus,
jj. Second and third dorsal punctures near or on second stria.
hk. Piceous or black above.
i. Thorax with hind angles somewhat distinct, basal im-
pressions without a tubercle. 216. AFFINIS,
WU. Thorax with bind angles more rounded, impressions
with a distinct tubercle. CARBO.
kh. Metallic or blackish-bronzed above.
m. Head, thorax and margin of elytra green, disk of elytra
coppery. 218. CUPRIPENNIS.
mm. Blackish-bronzed; dorsal punctures large, foveate.
219, EXCAVATUS.
dd. Four outer joints of antennze white; thighs dark, tibize and tarsi
yellowish. 224. ALBICRUS.
ce. Dorsal punctures four to seven; sides of thorax broader and more
reflexed behind.
n, Dorsal punctures large, foveate; green, with disk of thorax
and elytra bronzed, base of antennze and legs brown.
225. OCTOPUNCTATTS
nun. Dorsal punctures of usual size; base of antennz brown; sides
of thorax rather strongly reflexed. 226, PLACIDUS.
bb. Either metallic or bronzed green, the elytra uniform in hue.
o. Thorax at least one-third wider than long. the margins on basal
half wider and distinctly reflexed.
p. Blytral strie wholly without punctures; second dorsal puncture
near second stria and far behind the middle. 209. ERRANS.
pp. Elytral strize finely but distinctly punctulate; second dorsal
puncture usually on third stria and near the middle.
210. SUBCORDATUS.
oo. Thorax not or very slightly wider than long. the margins narrow.
not refiexed.
q. Basal impressions deep, punctured; elytral strie strongly punc
tured; elytra bronzed-black. tibisee and tarsi light brown.
220. FERRUEUS.
qq. Basal impressions of thorax small.
r. Elytral strive not punctured.
s. Dorsal punctures three; legs yellow. ell, WASATIR.
ss, Dorsal punctures five or six; legs veddish-vellow. thighs
darker. 292. NUTANS.
rr. Elytral strive punctured; dorsal punctures five.
t. Thorax slightly wider than long. 228. STRIATOPUNCTATUS.
tt. Thorax longer than wide. CRENULATCS.
aa. Thorax transverse, narrower behind. side margin narrow, basal impres-
sions broad and shallow: elytra deeply emarginate at base. with three
small dorsal punctures, 227. BOGEMANNI.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 129
LOO (7S). PLATYNUS ERRANS Nay. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., TTT, 1825,
147; ibid. LI, 4.
Elongate-oval, rather broad. Head and tiorax bluish-green, elytra
with a brassy tinge; under surface black. ‘Thorax one-third wider than
long. much narrowed behind, hind angles rounded ar obtuse. Hlytral stria
narrow, shallow; intervals flat. Length 7-S min.
Lake County; rare. June 21.
410 (7860). PLatyNus stpcorpatus Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 2U5.
Differs from the preceding by the characters given in key and by hav-
ing the thorax less narrowed behind and the basal impressions more dis-
tinctly punctured. The elytra are propertionally broader, the intervals
very slightly convex and more distinctly alutaceous. Length 7.5-8.5 mim.
Northern third of State, frequent; Knox County, rare. May
3-October 17. Oceurs beneath rubbish along the borders of lakes
and marshes. Appears sufficiently distinct to take specific rank.
211 (7ST). PLATYNUS MGRENS Dej., Spec. LIT, 1827, 152.
Klongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous black. Thorax subrotund, a
little wider than long, basal impressions broad, shallow, hind angles ob-
tusely rounded. Hlytral strix not punctured, the second puncture on third
interval close to second stria. Length S-8.5 mm.
Starke, Vigo and Knox counties: rare. July 6—October 8.
212 (788). PLaryNnus TENUIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1854, 48.
Blongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous or bronzed-black, shining.
Thorax subrotund, wider than in the preceding, the margin more narrowly
yet distinetly reflexed, the base and hind angles more reunded than in
mecercens, FElytra one-half wider than thorax, broadly depressed behind
the scutellum; strize fine. not or very indistinctly punctured; intervals flat
or slightly convex. Length 9-9.5 mm.
Laporte, Marshall and Kosciusko counties, scarce; also in
Webster collection. August 17-October 29. In this and the next
three species the second dorsal puncture is on or near the third
stria.
218 (789). PLaATYNUS COLLARIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, IV, 1854,
470; ibid. II, 534.
Elongate-oval. Tslack with a tinge of purple, shining; tibix and tarsi
piceous. Thorax subquadrate, wider than long, the margins narrow in
front, broader and strongly reflexed tow:rd the hind angles, which are
very obtuse. Blytra with acutely impressed striw, strongly and regularly
punctured; intervals flat. Length 8.7-9.5 mm.
Described from Posey County; more common southward. I
have not seen a specimen from the State.
130 FAMILY II.—CARABID.F.
214 (790). PLatyNus atTratus Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Black, shining; apical portion of an-
tennie and tarsi piceous. Thorax subrotund, a little wider than long, the
reflexed margin but little wider toward the base; basal impressions deep
with a small tubercle. Hlytra but little wider than thorax, the strie very
finely or obsoletely punctate; intervals distinctly convex. Length S-9 mm.
Steuben, Laporte and Kosciusko counties; frequent. August
J1-August 28. A member of the boreal fauna.
*215 (791). PLATYNUS MELANARIUS Dej., Spec. III. 1827, 152.
Elongate-oval. rather broad. Black, shining; tibiz, tarsi and basal
joint of antennz dark reddish-brown. Thorax subrotund, as wide as long,
the margin wider and more strongly reflexed toward the base; depressions
large, with a distinct rugosity or tubercle near the angle. Elytra distinctly
wider than thorax, the strive of moderate depth, finely punctate. Length
8.5-9.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. MHibernates. January 1-
October 12.
216 (704). PLATYNUS AFFINIS Kirby. Fauna Bor. Amer., LV, 1837, 27.
Elongate-oval, rather broad, Black or piceous, shining. ‘Thorax sub-
rotund, a little wider than long, side margins narrow, scarcely reflexed
toward the hind angles, which are obtuse; depressions wide, shallow and
without a tubercle. Elytra one-half wider than thorax. striz shallow, not
punctured, the fifth usually with a dilated shallow impression near the
apex; intervals flat. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.
Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties; scarce. Occurs along the
sandy beaches of lakes. April 9-October 24.
P carbo Lec., length 8-9 mm., was described from Lake Su-
perior and may possibly occur in northern Indiana.
217 (796). PLaryntus corvus Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1860, 319.
Hlongate-oval; rather broad. Piceous black, shining. Thorax slightly
broader than long, sides rounded into base: margins rather broad. narrowly
reflexed; basal depressions wide. shallow, without a trace of tubercles.
Elytra oblong, much wider than thorax; strie rather deep, not punctured:
intervals slightly convex, alutaceous. Length 9.5 mm.
Laporte and Kosciusko counties; rare. October 21-October 22.
Taken beneath rubbish along the beach of lakes. Our only species
having all three dorsal punctures on third stria. .A member of the
boreal fauna.
218 (800). PLaTyNUS CUPRIPENNIS Say, Trans. Amet. Phil. Soc., IL, 1823,
50; ibid. II, 474,
Elongate, rather broad. Green, strongly polished; disk of elytra cu-
freous; under surface blackish-bronzed. Thorax longer than wide, the
THE GROUND BEETLES. 131
depressions narrow and shallow. Elytral strie fine, not punctured; in-
tervals flat. Length 7.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 78.)
Throughout the northern part of the State; frequent. Not
taken south of Vigo County. Hibernates. January 6—-Novem-
ber 24,
219 (802). Pratynus excavaTus Dej., Spec. III, 1827, 169.
Blongate, rather slender. Viceous bronzed, shining; base of antenne
and legs dull reddish-brown. Thorax about as long as wide, but slightly
narrowed behind, sides regularly rounded; basal impressions narrow, deep,
punctured; hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytral strie fine, not or in-
distinctly punctured; intervals flat. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; frequent.
April 4-October 17. Occurs on sand and gravel bars of lakes and
streams. The dorsal punctures are larger than in any of our spe-
cies except octopunctatus, the first near third stria, the other two
near second,
220 (803). PLaTYNUS FERREUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, T, 299.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish-black; antenne piceous.
Thorax oval, nearly as long as wide, sides rounded, hind angles obtuse.
Elytral striz deep and strongly punctured on basal half; more faint and
less distinctly punctured towards the apex. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Marion, Lawrence, Knox and Posey counties; one specimen
from each. March 21—August 28. Occurs near water.
221 (804). PLatynus BAsalis Lec., Ann. Lyc., IV, 1848, 227.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed; elytra bronzed
green, shining; antenne piceous, the basal joints and legs reddish-yellow.
Thorax a little longer than wide, narrowed toward the base, hind angles
rounded; basal impressions small, deep, finely punctate. Elytral strix
rather deep; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. Hibernates. May 24—Decem-
ber 18. The dorsal punctures are small and the second and third
vary much in position, though LeConte says they are placed on the
second stria. Resembles extensicollis but the basal impressions of
thorax much shorter, rounded instead of elongate, the margin not
wider at base.
*292 (805). PLATYNUS NUTANS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 52;
ibid. Il, 476.
Blongate, slender. Head and thorax bronzed green; elytra blackish-
green or cupreous. Thorax oval, a little longer than wide, margin nar-
rowly refiexed, more strongly toward the hind angles, which are rounded;
132 FAMILY IL.—CARABIDE.
basal impressicus rather deep, smooth, Elytral strike very fine; intervals
nearly flat. finely alutaceous; fourth and fifth Qursal punctures on or near
the second stria, the others near the third. Length 7-S mm.
Frequent in the northern half of the State: not taken south of
Putnam and Vigo counties. Ttibernates. January 7-October 26,
225 ¢subi, DLAry xs SPRIATOPUNCTATUS Dey, Spec, LLL 1823, Ida:
Flongate. rather slender. Bronzed black or piceous, shining; first
joint of antennze and legs dark reddish-yellow. Thorax oval, sides rounded
into base; margins sligbthy wider and more strongly reflexed toward the
base than in vutaus; inipressions deep. finely and sparsely punctured.
Elytral strive moderately deep. distinctly punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex, alutacecus, the third with five or six punctures. Length 6-7.5 min.
Lake. Vigo, Knox, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April
18-September 3.
eet ¢s07). PLatynxts Abpicrts Dej.. Spec. IIT, 1827. 15s.
Elongate. slender. DPiceous. feebly bronzed. shining. Thorax sub-
quadrate, slightly longer than wide. margin of basal half wider and more
ceflexed, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions narrow, deep. net pune-
tured. Elytral strive rather deep, not punctured: intervals moderately
conyex, distinctly alutaceous. the third with three dursal punctures. Length
G.5-7.5 nom.
Knox County; rare. Two specimens from the margins of the
eypress swamp. July +-July 9.
Ly (814). PLatyNts octropunctTatus Fab.. Ent. Syst..
Suppl... 1798. 65: Say. II, 476.
Elongate, rather slender. Color above as given in key;
under surface shining blackish-green. Thorax wider than
long. sides rounded into base, very finely muargined:
basal impressions small. deep, net punctured. Elytral
striw fine. not or indistinctly punctured: intervals nearly
flat. alutaveous. the third with four (rarely three or
five) punctures. each set in a large quadrate impression.
Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 76.)
Lake. Porter, Putnam and Dubois counties, rare:
ie ae Vigo County, frequent. Hibernates. February
14-November 4. Occurs on slopes of sparsely
wooded hills, usually in sandy localities.
226 (STH). PhatyNts pracipts Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TE, sen. 43:
ibid. 11, +409.
Elongate, moderately broad. TWead and thorax greenish-black; elytra
Dluish-black, subopaque. ‘Thorax subquadrate. slightly wider than long;
basal impressions wide and rather shallow. Elytral strive very fine, not
punctured; intervals slightly convex, distinctly alutaceous; dorsal pune-
tures five or six. the apical two on second stria, the others on or near
third. Length 7.5-9 mm.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 133
Throughout the State; vommon. Tlibernates. (tregarious in
cold weather. January 1-November 24.
P. crenulatus Lee., 5.5-6 mm. iv leneth, is a member of the
Austroriparian fauna, which may occur in the southern counties.
*227 (821). PLaryNnus BoGEMANNI Gyll., Ins. Suec., III, 1810, 697; obso-
letus Say. IT, 481,
Elongate, slender. Black or piceous. shining. Thorax heart-shaped,
wider hefore the middle, rounded to a narrow base. Elytra oblong, twice
as wide as thorax, strize very fine or obsolete, not punctured; third inter-
yal with three very small dorsal punctures. Length 5.5-6.5 nm.
Lake, Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. Tlibernates. Janu-
ary 14-July 28.
Group E.
A small group of winged species in which the thorax is rounded
oval or slightly cordiform, narrowly margined, hind angles obtuse
or rounded, basal impressions usually deep and punctiform; elytra
nearly or quite twice as wide as thorax. with punctured strie and
three (rarely four) dorsal punctures placed along the middle of
the third interval.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP E.
a. Tarsal grooves present.
b. Piceous bronze; strise of elytra very fine; tarsal grooves on first
joint. 228. ASRUGINOSUS.
bb. Black, legs brown; striz feebly punctured; tarsal grooves on first
and second joints. 232. PUNCTIFORMIS.
ad. Tarsal grooves wanting.
«. Black or dark reddish-brown; base of antenn, palpi, legs and sides
of elytra brownish-yellow. 229. LIMBATUS.
ce. Black, legs reddish-yellow or reddish-brown.
d. Blytral strie coarsely punctured; larger, 7.5-8 mm.
230. CRENISTRIATUS.
dd, Elytral strie finely punctured; smaller, 6.2-7 mm.
231. RUBRIPES.
#228 (824). PLATYNUS aRUGINOSUS Dej., Spec. III, 1827, 168.
Hlongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous; antenne, elytra and
legs dark brown, bronzed, shining. Thorax oval, convex. very narrowly
margined; basal impressions very small or obsolete. FElytra oval, convex,
emarginate at base; strie finely punctate; intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm,
Throughout the State; common. Occurs in damp localities.
Hibernates. April 3-December 18.
P99 (S25). PLATYNUS LIMBATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe.. TT. 1823, 49:
hid. TI, 475.
Blongate, rather robust. Color as given in key. Thorax subrotund,
margin very narrow, hind angles wholly rounded; basal impressions small,
134 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.
circular, deep. Elytral stria moderately deep, distinctly punctured; in-
tervals slightly convex. Length 8.5 mm.
Rare. A southern species. one specimen of which was taken
near Cannelton, Perry County. May 14.
230 (S26). PLATYNUS CRENISTRIATUS LLec.. New Sp. N. Am. Col.. I. 1863, 9.
Elongate, rather slender. Black. shining; base of antenne and legs
reddish-yellow. Thorax oval, a littie longer than wide, narrowed on basal
half; basal impressions small. deep. Elytral strie deep, strongly punc-
tured; intervals one to four distinctly convex, the others nearly flat. Length
7.5-8 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent; scarce in the northern coun-
ties. Probably hibernates. March 7—Julv 28.
*231 (827). PLATYNUS RUBRIPES Zimm., ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II. 1869,
244.
Elongate, rather slender. Black. shining; palpi and antenns brownish-
yellow; legs reddish-brown. Thorax almost as long as wide, sides rounded
into base; impressions broad, shallow with a small deep fovea. Elytral
strie deep. finely but distinctly punctured; intervals slightly convex. Length
6.2-7T mom.
Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 5-Oc-
tober 1. A smaller species than the preceding with darker legs
and more finely punctured strie.
#232 (S28). PLATYNUS PUNCTIFORMIS Say, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc., III, 1823, 58; ibid.
II. 481, 536.
Flongate. rather robust. Black, shining; base of
antenne, tibiz and tarsi reddish-brown: femora pice-
ous. Thorax subrotund, convex, narrowly margined,
hind angles rounded; basal impressions shallow, with
a large. round. deep fovea. Elytra rather deeply stri-
ate, very Mnely and distinctly punctuate only on basal
half; intervals subconvex, finely alutaceous. Length
4 7-9 mm. (Fig. 77.)
Fig 77. x4 (Onginal.) Throughout the State; frequent. February
13-October 14. Larger and broader than rubripes, with still more
finely punctured striz.
Group F.
Winged species of slender form, black or piceous in color with
base of antenne and legs yellow or reddish-brown; thorax oval with
margin narrowly reflexed, becoming broader toward the hind
angles, which are rounded and indistinct; basal impressions narrow.
sometimes nearly obsolete. Elytra elongate-oval, twice as wide as
~
ou
THE GROUND BEETLES. 1:
thorax, emarginate at base and obliquely subtruncate at tip, the
striz fine ; intervals flat, the third with four to six dorsal punctures.
Tarsal grooves indistinct.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP F.
a. Thorax narrower behind, the side margins more widely reflexed to-
ward the base; antennte with joints 5 to 11, paler.
233. RUFICORNIS.
aa, Thorax elongate-oval, the side margins uniformly narrow.
b. Antenne piceous; size larger, 7-7.5 mm. 236. GEMELLUS.
4b. Antenne brownish-yellow ; smaller, 5-6.5 mm.
ec. Thorax black. 234. PICIPENNIS.
cc, Thorax brownish-yellow. 235. LUTULENTUS.
233 (831). PLATYNUS RUFICORNIS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra piceous, shining;
antennie and legs brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, distinctly longer than
wide, hind angles rounded; basal impressions broad, rather shallow. Ely-
tral striw fine, not punctured; intervals flat, the third with five or six
sinall dorsal puuctures, the first three on the third stria, the others on the
second. Length 7-8 mm.
Frequent along the margin of Tippecanoe Lake, Kosciusko
County ; Lake and Posey counties; scarce. March 26—-October 21.
#234 (834). PLATYNUS PICIPENNIS Kirby, aun. Bor. Amer., 1V, 1837, 25.
Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax black; antenne, legs and
elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, about as long as wide; margin nar-
row, hind angles rounded; basal impressions narrow, shallow. Elytra
elongate, elliptical, the strixe of moderate depth, not punctured; intervals
nearly flat, the third with four to six dorsal puuctures. Length 6-7 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Posey and Kosciusko counties; frequent. January
1-October 17. Gregarious in winter.
#935 (835). PLATYNUS LUTULENTUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII.
1854, 54.
Elongate, very slender. Head black; remainder of body brownish-yel-
low, shining. Thorax more finely margined, basal impressions smaller and
less distinct, and elytral strize finer than in the preceding. Dorsal punc-
tures four, larger than in picipennis, the first two on third stria, the others
on second. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Tibernates. Sometimes at-
tracted by electric lights. January 21-December 23.
236 (833). PLATYNUS GeMELLUS Lec., Bull. Brook. Kut. Soe, 11, 1879, 54.
Elongate, slender. Piceous; head and thorax often darker; epipleura,
legs and base of antenne dark reddish-brown. Thorax oval, one-third
longer than wide, side margins very narrow, hind angles obsolete; basal
136 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.©.
impressions long. curved 2nd shallow. net punctured. Elytral strin very
fine, not punctured: intervals flat; dorsal punctures four, the first and sec-
ond on third stria, the others on second stria. Length T-7.5 mm,
Lake County; scarce. About twenty specimens taken by Wol-
cott near Wolf Lake. March 26.
XXNIIT. Ouisrnoprs Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘slippery + foot.’’)
Small piceous or brownish beetles of the tribe Platynini, having
the claws of the tarsi entire and the mentum without a tooth. But
two species are as vet known in the United States, one of which oc-
curs in Indiana. They are brietly treated by
LeConte—Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1854. 58.
Horn.—-Bull, Brook. Entom. Soe... Vo 1882. 63.
BOT (SHO). OLISTHOPLS PARMATUS Say, ‘Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1825,
403 ibid. 11, 474. 537.
Rather broad, subdepressed. Head and thorax black: base of an-
tennw, edge of therax, legs and basal half of elytra dull brownish-yellow ;
apical portion of elytra darker. Thorax rounded. one-half wider than long,
sides broadly rounded into base, margin very narrow. basal impressions
small and narrow. Elytral striwe rather fine. not punctured: intervals
slightly convex, the third with three very small dorsal punctures. Length
77.5 mm.
Southern half of State, scarce: Lake County only in the north.
January 6—-November 7. The elytra are sometimes almost wholly
hrownish-vellow.
XXXIV Pericona Lap. 1837. (Gr.. ‘‘around + angle.’")
Very small piceous or brownish beetles. having the labrum
square and flat; mentum deeply emarginate and without a tooth;
antenne rather stout beyond the third joint. which is of the same
length as the second. The genus is treated by
Horn.—Trans, Amer, Ent. Soc., NIX, 1892, 44.
One species has been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PERIGONA,
«a. Head alone piceous: elytra slightly oblong. NIGRICEPS.
ada. Head and thorax piccous; elytra oval and more eonvex.
23S. PALLIPENNIS.
5 renee . 2 : Aer ‘
P wgriceps Dej., length 2.4 mm.. is recorded from Cincinnati.
25S (9280). PERIGONA PALLIPPNNIS Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, XX, 1855,
BSG.
Oblong-oval. lead and thorax piceous; elytra dull reddish-brown ; an-
tenne and legs pale yellow. Thorax subguadrate. slightly wider than long;
THE GROUND BEETLES. 137
sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse. Elytra oval, more than one-half
wider than thorax, convex, faintly striate. the eighth stria entire: third
interval with three minute punctures. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 29-November 28. Oc-
curs beneath rubbish in dry open woodlands.
Tribe IX. ANCHONODERINI.
Ilead oval or rounded, not prolonged or constricted to a narrow
neck; antenne slender. Thorax more or less cordiform, the side
margins distinet and with a bristle-bearing puncture on each side
in front of the middle, and another near the hind angle. Elytra
feebly margined at base, rounded at apex, without dorsal punc-
tures in our species. Seutellum and scutellar stria distinet. Body
above pubescent. Hind coxw contiguous. Two genera may oceur
in Indiana, though representatives of but one have so far been
taken.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANCUONODERINI,
a. Antenme with four basal joints glabrous. Thorax ovate. the secoud
bristle-bearing puncture in front of the hind angle; last joint of palpi
conical. Eurrorticus.
ae. Antenne with three basal joints glabrous. Thorax cordate, margin
acute, the second puncture in the hind angle. AAAY, ATRANUS.
Kuphorticus pubescens Dej., black, shining and 5 mm. in length,
has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati and doubtless oecurs in
the southern third of the State.
NXXV_ Arrants Lee. 1848. (Gr., ‘dull or indistinct.’’)
This genus is represented in the United States by a single small
species having the thorax slightly broader than head; elytra mar-
gined at base, the tips rounded and surface striate.
239 (845). ATRANUS PUBESCENS Dej., Spec. III, 1827, 122.
Elongate, slender. Black or piceous; antenne, mouth parts, legs and
abdomen pale reddish-brown. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly curved,
hind angles and median impressed line distinct. Elytral strie rather deep ;
intervals convex. each with two or three irregular rows of minute punc-
tures, bearing fine yellow hairs. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Vigo, Knox and Posey counties; scarce. April 10-October 20.
Oveurs beneath cover in open sandy woodland. Resembles Platy-
nus pusillus very much in form, but darker in color and with the
elytra rounded, not sinuate at tip.
Tribe X. CTENODACTYLINI.
Antenne slender, hase free. three basal joints glabrous, first
joint stoner, as long as the next two; joints three to 11, ecual or
138 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
nearly so. Head rhomboidal, prolonged behind the eyes and nar-
rowed to a very slender neck. Mentum deeply emarginate, toothed.
Thorax elongate, narrower than head, the margins very feeble; sides
with a bristle-bearing puncture near the middle and another at
hind angle. Elytra oblong-oval, not margined at base, side mar-
gins distinct and entire, tips rounded. Tarsi alike in both sexes,
the first joint as long as the next two, which are oval, the fourth
broad, deeply bilobed. Males with one seta on each side of apex of
last ventral segment; females with two. The tribe is represented
in the United States by a single genus.
XXXVI. Leprorracne.us Latr. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘slender + tho-
rax.’’)
Thorax narrow, elongate. Ligula entire. slender, usually nar-
rowed in front. But one species and a variety occur in the United
States. The former is found in Indiana.
240 (846). LEPTOTRACHELUS DORSALIS Fab., Syst. El.. I, 229; Say. II. 447.
Elongate, very slender. Head and usually the thorax piceous: an-
tenn, legs and elytra brownish-yellow, the latter with a piceous stripe
along the suture. Thorax subcylindrical,.one-half longer than wide. finely
and sparsely punctured near base and apex. Elytral strie rather deep.
with close. distinct punctures: intervals convex. the third with three small
punctures. Length 7-8 mm.
Lake, Wells and Spencer counties: one specimen from each.
May 14-May 28. Occurs on low herbs in open woods and probably
inhabits the entire State.
Tribe XI. ODACANTHINI.
Antenne slender, free at base. first joint as long as the next two.
three basal joints glabrous. Head oval. elongate, prolonged behind
the eyes and narrowed to a neck. Thorax narrow, the margin
feeble or entirely obliterated, sides with a seta near the middle and
a second, often feeble. at hind angles. Elxtra oblong-oval, base not
margined, sides narrowly inflexed. apex truncate. Tarsi slender.
rarely flattened. the fourth joint entire or feebly emarginate; «laws
simple. The tribe is represented in the United States by a single
genus.
XXXVIT. Casnonta Latr. 1806. (Gr.. ‘‘to look toward + noth-
ing.’’)
Very slender beetles. having the bristle-bearing punctures of
the second stria of elytra indistinct and rarely more than four in
number. One species oceurs in the State.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 139
*241 (847). CaSNONIA PENNSYLVANICA Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 620; Say, IT,
447.
Head and thorax black; elytra dull red with three spots, forming an
interrupted transverse band, and the apex black; antennz dusky, the three
basal joints reddish; legs pale, the knees dusky or black. Thorax cylin-
drical or nearly so, broader at base than apex. Elytra ovate, the strie
coarsely punctured on basal half. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 80.)
Throughout the State; common. January 30-October 21. Oc-
curs beneath logs, leaves, etc.. along fence rows and borders of
woods. A unique and easily known insect.
Fig. 81. Fig. 80. Fig. 79. Fig. 78.
(After Packard.)
Tribe XII, DRYPTINI.
Antenne tapering gradually to a point, free at base. Head
constricted at a variable distance behind the eves to a narrow neck;
front narrowed before the eyes. Mentum deeply emarginate ; max-
illarv palpi moderately long, the terminal joint more or less trian-
gular. Thorax often moderately long, the side margins acute, the
sete at hind angle usually absent. Elvtra not margined at base.
side margins acute, entire; apex truncate, dorsal punctures absent.
Prosternum not prolonged ; hind coxe contiguous. The males have
the front tarsi dilated, sometimes very slightly, and densely pu-
bescent beneath. Representatives of one genus have been taken in
Indiana, while a single species of another doubtless occurs in the
southern counties.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DRYPTINI.
u. Head elongate-oval, prolonged behind the eyes; neck inserted in thorax
by a semigiobular condyle; clypeus with two bristle-bearing punc-
tures each side; larger, 17 or more mm. XXXVIII. GaLerita.
aa, Head triangular, scarcely prolonged behind the eyes, very suddenly con-
stricted to a narrow. cylindrical neck; clypeus with but one punc-
ture on each side, the seta long; smaller, not over 5 mm. ZUPHIUM.
140 FAMILY (1.—CARABID.E.
NNNVIIT. Gaverir, Fab. 1801. (., ‘fa helmet.’’)
Pubescent beetles of medium size and graceful form, having the
head and elytra black or bluish-black, the thorax cordiform, red-
dish-brown. Head elongate-oval, strongly constricted behind; neck
slender; first joint of antenn» elongate. Elvtra oval, broadly
obliquely truncate behind, finely striate. They occur beneath
cover, along fenve rows and in open woodlands and are often at-
tracted in ereat numbers by electric lights. Dr. Forbes dissected
17 specimens of G. junus and found that 88 per cent of their food
consisted of ecankerworms and other injurious forms, the canker-
worms alone making up 52 per cent. A synoptic table of the genus
is given by
Lecoute,—-Bull. Brook. Ent. Sov., IT, 1879, 61.
Five species of the genus are known from the United States,
two of which oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECTES OF GALERUTA.
w. Head behind the eyes strongly rounded; pubescence of elytra uniform,
obliquely decumbent. 242, JASUS,
aa. Sides of head longer behind, oblique and less rounded; pubescence vi
elytra erect near the scutellun. P45. BICOLOR.
P42 (S51). GALERITA JANUS Fab., Syst. Eleut.. 1, 1801, 362 Say. I, 446.
Hlongate-oval. Black, densely clothed with short hairs; legs. palpi.
thorax and base of antenne reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, the margin retlexed at Lind angles, which are rectangular. Elytral
strive fine, not punctured; intervals flat, finely, transversely rugose. Length
17-22 mm.
Southern half of State: frequent. April 21-August 14.
SAYA CS53). GATERITA BIcoLok Drury, Ins. I, 1770. 94.
Very similar to the preceding. Distinguished by the char-
acters given in key and by its usually smaller size and
smoother elytra. ‘The latter ave more often blue-black than
black. Length 17-21 mm. (Fig. SZ.)
Throvghout the State; common. January 1-Octo-
her 12. A pair were found mating on May 23.
Zuphium americanum Dej. has deen taken by Dury
near Cincinnati, Tt is a small, slender brown form,
living under flat stones and runs very rapidly when
« ‘.
Fig. 82. X 13.
(Original) uncovered,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 141
Tribe NII. LEBIINI.
Antenne slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge,
the three basal joints usually glabrous. Head oval, constricted to
a neck or not. Mentum more or less emarginate, toothed or not;
palpi variable, the terminal joint equal to or longer than the pre-
ceding, the latter with two setw in front. Thorax variable in form,
sides distinetly margined and with a seta on each side and at basal
angle. Elytra truncate at tip, the margin acute, entire and nar-
rowly inflexed. Prosternum usually obtuse at tip; hind coxe con-
tiguous.
The following papers-treat of the genera composing the tribe:
Horn.—‘‘ Revision of the Species of Lebia of the United States’’
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1872, 130-142. :
Horn.— ‘Synoptic Tables’? of most of the genera, in Bull.
Brook. Ent. Soc., I1, 1880, 86; IV, 1881, 39-44; 53-55.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini’’ an Trans.
Aimer. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, 126-163.
The tribe is a large one, embracing no less than 21 genera in the
United States fauna. Of these, 14 are represented in the collection
from Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LEBIINI,
a. Tibial spurs very long.
by. Head not constricted behind the eyes; tarsal cliws in our species
with fine, short teeth; tibial spars with fine teeth.
XXNIX. TETRAGONODERUS.
bb. Head constricted; tarsal claws with long teeth; tibial spurs simple.
NEMOTARSUS.
aa. Tibial spurs short or at most moderate in length.
c. Mandibles with distinct grooves on outer side.
d. Head constricted behind the eves. Mw Laweras,
dd, Head not constricted.
c. Labrum large, prominent, covering in great part the mandibles ;
antenne with three basal joints glabrous; elytra dark bluish-
green. XLI. CoproDEra.
ec, Labrum moderate, not large.
f. Tarsi slender, fourth joint entire.
g. Labial palpi slender: color lack or piceous.
h. Thorax truncate at base.
i. Mentum not toothed; claws of tarsi serrate; length 6--
7.5 mm. XLII. Dromtus.
ii, Mentum toothed; claws of tarsi simple; smaller, not
over 4 mim. XLII. Apristus.
Wh. Thorax slightly lobed at base: claws of tarsi serrate:
length less than + mm.
j. Mentum not toothed. XLIV. BLEcHRUS.
142 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
jj. Mentum with a small emarginate tooth.
XLV. MecrabLleits.
gg. Labial palpi thick, oval; claws of tarsi more or le=s serrate:
length 3 mm. XLVI. AXINOPALPUS.
ff. Tarsi with the fourth joint emarginate or bilobed; tarsal claws
serrate.
k. Thorax truncate at base; mentum toothed.
1. Tarsi with fourth joint bilobed; elytra blue or green.
XLVII. Catrina.
il. Tarsi with fourth joint emarginate.
m. Tarsi not hairy above; size medium, 7-11 mm.
n. Last joint of labial palpi more or less triangular or
hatchet-shaped; thorax with sides rather widely
margined near base. which is squarely truncate.
XLVIII. PLocHionts.
nn. Last joints of both palpi similar. more cr less cylin-
drical, truncate. XLIX. PrINacopERs.
mm. Tarsi hairy above; next to last joint of labial palpi
usually with more than two sete: length 10-15 mm.
L. CYMINDIs.
Ik. Thorax lobed at middle of base: tarsi hairy above; last joint
of labial palpi hatchet-shaped. LI. APENES.
ce. Mandibles without grooves on outer side; mentum not toothed;
fourth tarsal joint not dilated; claws simple.
LIT. PENTAGONICA.
XXXIX. Tetracoxopervs Dej. 1825. (Gr.. ‘‘four+angled.’’)
Small piceous or brownish-vellow beetles. separated from allied
genera mainly by the characters given in key. One species has
been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TETRAGONODERUS.
a. Elytra in great part piceous; legs and outer joints of antenne piceous:
prosternum margined at tip. INTERSEC TUS.
aa. Elytra more brownish-yellow than piceovs, legs and antennze wholly
brownish-rellow ; presternum not margined. P44. FASCLATUS.
T. intersectus Germ.. 5-6 mm. in length, has been taken in Ken-
tucky and the Gulf States. and perhaps occurs in southern Indiana.
24i (866). TETRAGONODERTS FascraTtUs Hald.. Proc. Phii. Acad. Nat. Sci.
J, 1832. 298,
Ovate. subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous, bronzed, minutely alu-
taceous; elytra grayish er dull yellow. with a semicircular space about the
scutellum. a broad irregular broken band at middle. and the apical fourth
jiceous. Thorax one-half wider than long. sides curved, hind angles dis-
tinct; disk smooth, the median line distinct. Elytra oval. rather deeply
striate. the striz not punctured: intervals convex. the third with two small
dorsal punctures. Males with three joints of the front tarsi dilated and
clothed with small seales beneath; last ventral notched at middle of hind
margin. Length 4.5 mm.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 1438
Throughout the State; frequent. April 19-September 27. Oc-
curs beneath logs, chips, ete., only in sandy localities, where its hues
blend with the surroundings in such a manner as to make it visible
only when it moves. This it usually does not do for some time
after its cover is removed.
Nemotarsus elegans Lec., 5-5.5 mm. in length, brownish-yellow,
the elytra piceous with an oval spot near the base and the apex
paler, has been taken in Illinois and Maryland and doubtless occurs
in Indiana.
XL. Lepra Latr. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘shallow or thin.’’)
Small, rather broad-bodied beetles, usually prettily variegated
in hue, possessing the characters of the tribe and known from al-
lied genera by the short tibial spurs, the groove on the outer side
of mandible, and by the head being constricted into a neck. The
thorax is but little wider than the head, much narrower than elytra,
while the tarsal claws are pectinate or comb-shaped. ‘The elytral
striz are, in most species, smooth.
They occur beneath stones and leaves, or in summer upon the
foliage and flowers of plants, where they feed upon plant lice and
other injurious forms; the pectinate structure of their tarsal claws
enabling them to easily cling to the hairs or other inequalities of
the foliage.
About 36 species are known from the United States, 15 of
which have been taken in Indiana, while four others doubtless oc-
cur. For convenience they are separated into three groups and
these in turn into species.
KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF LEBIA.
a. Front tarsi of male somewhat obliquely dilated; both head and thorax
(except in tricolor) reddish-yellow, elytra wholly dark blue or green.
Group A.
va. Front tarsi of male not obliquely dilated; both head and thorax not
reddish-yellow, or if so, elytra not wholly blue.
b. Mentum with a distinct tooth; elytra without pale stripes.
Group B.
bp. Mentum not toothed; elytra with pale stripes (except ‘in abdomt-
nalis). Group 0.
Group A.
This group, to which the subgeneric name Loxopeza is some-
times applied. includes all the larger species with metallic green or
blue elytra. Two of its six forms have been taken in the State
and one other perhaps occurs.
(10 —23402
144 FAMILY Il.—CARABID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
wu. Head and thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra wholly dark blue.
b. Elytra deeply striate; antennze pale; length 8.5-9.5 mm.
245. GRANDIS.
bb. Elytra finely striate; three basal joints only of antennz pale; length
6-7 mm. 246. ATRIVENTRIS.
aa, Tead black. thorax’ reddish-yellow ; elytra greenish-blue, deeply striate;
outer joints of antenne darker; length 7-S.5 mm. TRICOLOR.
*945 (S72). LepIaA GRANvIS Hentz., Trans. Amer. Phil.
~Soc., III, 1824, 58
Qvate, subconvex. Color given in ker; under sur-
face and legs pale brownish-yellow ; abdomen black.
Head finely wrinkled, very sparsely and finely punctate.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, margin broad;
disk with fine transverse wrinkles and distinct im-
pressed median line. Elytra finely alutaceous. Length
85-95 mm. (Fig. 83.)
Throughout the State, common in the south-
ern half; less so northward. February 8—De-
cember 20. Occurs especially in open woodland
and with the next hibernates beneath partly
Fig. 83. (Atter Comstock.)
Lower figure shows natural size. buried logs and other cover.
#246 (S75). LeprA ATRIVENTRIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., I, 1823. 13:
ibid. II, 444.
Resembles the preceding but a third or more smaller. Elytra darker
blue; palpi. tarsi and apical two-thirds of antennz piceous. Elytral strie
very finely punctured; intervals flat. Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 29-December 29.
L. tricolor Say may yet be found in eastern Indiana, its range
being given as Middle States northward to Canada.
Group B.
This group comprises the true forms of Lrbia as defined by La-
treille. About 17 species and several varieties are known from
North America. Of these the following have been taken, or per-
haps occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Thorax coarsely and rather densely punctured; head, thorax and basal
third of elytra reddish-vellow ; apical portion of elytra blue; length
8 mm. DIVISA.
ad. Thorax not. or very finely. punctate: elytra not colored as ‘above; length
Jess than 7 mm.
b. Wiytra with fine or very shallow stri:e.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 145
ce Tarsal claws serrate rather than pectinate; palpi stout; elytra
brownish-yellow with two bluish bands; length 6-7 mm.
PULCHELLA.
cc. Tarsal claws pectinate, their teeth longer and not directed oblique-
ly outward.
d. Head smooth or very feebly punctured.
ce. Uniform greenish-black; legs pale yellow; length 5 min.
247. RHODOPUS.
ec. Color not black.
f. Elytra either wholly blue, green or olivaceous.
gy. Head, thorax and elytra of one color.
h. Greenish or bluish; legs black; length 4.5-5.5 mm.
248. VIRIDIS.
hh. Olivaceous green; legs piceous brown or paler; length
3-309 lun. 249. PUMILA.
vy. Body above not unieolored.
i, Head and thorax reddish-ycllow ; abdomen black ; length
G.5-7.5 mm. PLEURITICA.
ii, Ilead greenish-black; thorax and entire body beneath
pee ved; elytra bright green. 250. VIRIDIPENNIS.
ff. Elytra piccous, ornate with pale spots. 251. ORNATA.
dd, Wlead coarsely punctured between the eyes; elytra piceous
spotted with brownish-vellow nearly as in orvaéa; length 3-
3.7 mm. 252. LOBULATA.
bb. VWlytra deeply striate; strias not punctured,
J. Ilead with Icnethwise wrinkles or striw; length 4.5-5 min.
253. ANALIS.
Ji. Tlead nearly smooth; elytva subovate, broader behind; length 6—
7.0 min. 254. FUSCATA,
L. divisa Lee., a member of the boreal famna, has been recorded
from Lake Superior and Galesburg, Illinois, and perhaps occurs in
the extreme northern part of Indiana.
L. pulchcella Dej. has been taken near Cincinnati and its oceur-
rence in the State is more than probable.
247 (SS2h). Lenra rHopopus Schwarz, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVIT, 1878,
354.
Ovai. slender. Black or very dark olivaceous green, subopaque, finely
dlutaceous: antemme dusky, the third joint and legs pale reddish-yelloyw.
Head large. wider than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate; antemme
wnore than half the length of body, the outer joints stout. Thorax small,
sides feebly rounded, margins less broadly reflexed than in viridis, Elytral
strire very fine; intervals almost flat. Length 4.5-5 mm.
\
Jennines and Franklin counties; rare. June 11—July ‘11.
Taken from flowers of wild parsnip. A species of southern ranve.
Tisted as a variety of riridis, but in my opinion distinct.
146 FAMILY II.—CARABID.
248 (882). Lesra virtpis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 14; ibid.
II, 445.
Oval, subconvex. Either uniform green or dark purplish-blue, strongly
shining; antenne piceous, the basal joints greenish. Head minutely and
very sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long, the margin nar-
row, except at hind angles. which are prominent. Elytral strive very fine;
intervals flat. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 5-October 14. More
abundant in May and June on flowers.
249 (883). LeEBra pUMILA Dej., Spec. V. 1SH0. 38%.
Oval, slender. Piceous or dark olive-green above. black beneath; an-
tenn piceous, the third joint pale. Thorax subquadrate, but slightly
wider than long. Elytra alutaceous. the strie very faint. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. Mav 28-September 16. Our
smallest species of the genus.
LT. pleuritica Lee., elytra blue tinged with green, is said to
oceur sparingly from Canada to Texas.
“QAO (SSG). LEBLA VIRIDIPENNIS Dej.. Spec. I, 1825, 266.
Rather broad. Antenne piceous. the three basal joints paler; legs and
entire body beneath pale reddish-brown. the knees and tarsi darker. Head
with a few fine punctures. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly
margined; disk very finely wrinkled. Elytral strie represented by rows
of very fine punctures. Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. March 9-December 28. Hiber-
nates beneath mullein leaves and logs in upland woods.
251 (889). Lepra orpNatTa Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IT, 1823. 13; ibid.
TI, 444.
Oval. slender. Head piceous. smooth; thorax piceous with pale mar-
gin, rarely wholly pale yellow; elytra piceous. with the narrow margin.
two large spots on basal half and two small ones at apex. dull yellow: an-
tenne dusky, the three basal joints pale: body beneath and legs yellowish.
Length 4.5-5 mm.
Throughout the State; common on flowers. especially goldenrod.
April 10-September 19.
2O2 0888). Lepra LoBuraTa Lec. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col. T. 1N63. 5.
Oval. subdepressed. Head black: therax both above and heneath
piceous, the margin pale: elytra piceous with apical margin and a large
oblique subhumeral spot reaching nearly to suture. dull yellow; antenne.
under surface and legs paie reddish-yellow. Elytra rather finely striate.
Lengtb 3-3.7 mm.
Crawford County: rare. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna. Taken at Cincinnati and probably occurs throughout the
THE GROUND BEETLES. 147
southern third of the State. Very apt to be confused with ornata,
but easily distinguished by its punctured head and more deeply
striate elytra.
253 (S92). Lepia anatis Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 265.
Broadly oval. Head black; antennee piceous, the four basal joints
paler; thorax reddish-yellow. the margin paler; elytra black, each with
the narrow margin and usually a large irregular humeral spot and small
apical spot yellowish ; under surface and legs pale yellow, abdomen darker.
Thorax broadly margined, finely and irregularly wrinkled. Length 4.5-
5.5 Dom.
Southern third of State; frequent. April 19-November 7.
Taken by sweeping low herbs. Readily known by the longitudinal
strie on head and the deep elytral strie. The pale markings of
eltvra vary greatly in extent and have given rise to a number of
synonyms.
254 (893). LeEBiIa FuscATA Dej., Spec. 1, 1825, 270.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head and disk of thorax piceous; elytra
pale brownish-yellow. each with a narrow marginal line, a large scutellar
spot and a spot just behind middle, black; rarely the spots behind middle
merge to form a broad cross-band; antenne, legs and under surface red-
dish-yellow. Thorax finely wrinkled. margin broad. Length 6.5 mm.
Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Pine,
Lake County, by Wolcott. July 23. Resembles closely some of
the color varieties of analis, but distinguished by the larger size.
smooth head and dark disk of thorax.
Group C.
This group comprises the Indiana species of the subgenera
Dianchomena and Aphelogenia, which are separated only by the
head being more strongly constricted behind the eyes in the former.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. Head suddenly and strongly constricted behind the eyes; vertex strong-
ly convex; length 4.5-5.5 mm.
b. Thorax narrowly margined; head and elytra dull green, thorax red-
dish-yellow. 255. ABDOMINALIS.
bb. Thorax widely margined; head strigose at sides; elytra with black
and yellow stripes, shining, moderately striate. 256. SCAPULARIS.
aa. Head less constricted; vertex less convex.
c. Head and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter widely margined.
d. Black stripes of elytra narrow; elytral strie fine; length 6.5-
7.5 mom. 257. FURCATA.
dd. Black stripes of elytra broad: strive distinct; length 5.5-6 mm.
258. VITTATA.
148 FAMILY If.—CARABID.%,.
cc. Head black; thorax narrowly margined; elytra black. each with two
white stripes; abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 250. BIVITTATA,
as
255 (S04). LEBIA ABDOMINALIS Chaud., Bull. Mose., 1843. 104.
Rather slender. Color given in key; antenne piceous, the three basal
joints paler; legs and abdomen pale reddish-yellow, tarsi piceous: meso-
an: metasterna nearly black. TLength 4.5-3 mm.
Perry and Posey counties; rare. April 18-April 27. Taken
from beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. A species of southern
range. Resembles viridipcnnis, but smaller, elytra duller green
and body beneath partly black.
ua. (So), Lepra scarpunarts Dej.. Spec. V. 1890. S77.
Oval. rather slender. Dead. thorax and lees pale red-
dish-yellow; elytra piceous, each with the apical and side
margins and a median stripe yellow; antennze dusky. the
three basal joints paler. ‘Thorax nearly twice as wide as
long, the margins wider and more reflexed toward base.
Klytral strive rather deep. net punetate; intervals flat.
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Pig. S4.)
me Throughout the State ; common on leaves of elder
and other plants in summer. April 13—-October 11.
Takes to wing when disturbed. The pale elvtral stripes vary much
in width, often oceupying more space than the darker ones. The
latter are sometimes connected near their tips and the pale stripes
reduced to narrow lines, thus forming the variety conjugens Lee.
Bar UST). Lepr FurcATA Lec.. Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist.. TV. S48. 198.
Rather broad, subdepressed. Head, disk of thorax and a triangular
stripe extending from base half way along the elytral suture reddish-yel-
low; elytra and margin of thorax pale yellow, the former with a median
and two lateral narrow black stripes. the median divided or forked on the
basal half te enclese the rveddish-yellow stripe; antennze dusky. pale at
bare; femora and tarsi black. tibize pale. Head and thorax finely and
irregularly strigose. Leugth 6.5-7.5 mm. :
Lake, Vigo and Posey countics; rare. April 20-August 6.
eos S99). LEBLA VITIATA Fah. Syst. Eleut. 1. i801. 2023 Say, ID, 443.
Resembles fureata but smatler aud more narrow. The black stripes
are wider, the basal fork of the median ove much shorter; legs wholly
Dlack or with the Dase of femora alone pale. Thorax more narrow and
elytral strive deeper. Length 5.4-G mm.
Vigo County: rare, Mareh 21. This species also resembles
scapularis but is easily distinguished hy the broader neck and black
lees,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 149
*2a9 (902). Leni pivirrara Fab. Ent. Syst. Supp., 1708, 59.
Oval, rather broad. Thorax reddish-yellow ; white stripes of elytra
narrow, the outer one the shorter; legs black, the tibie pale. Head finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly broader than long, sides distinctly
curved, apex much broader than base. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. J anuary 5—December 28. Hibernates
beneath chunks in the corners of rail fences about which piles of
dead leaves have drifted. A member of the Austroriparian fauna.
XLI. Coproprra Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘cut +neck.’’)
Small bluish beetles having the mentum deeply emarginate,
without a tooth; first joint of tarsi as long as the next two, fourth
feebly emarginate; tarsal claws pectinate. But one species is
known from the Eastern United States.
260 (904). CopropeRA 2RATA Dej., Sp. I, 1825. 277.
Rather broad, subdepressed. ITead. thorax and under surface piceous :
elytra bluish-green ; antennze suid legs dark brown or piceous. [lead finely
wrinkled on side near the eyes. Thorax twice as wide as long; sides dis-
tinctly curved, rather broadly margined near the base; hind angles obtuse.
Elytral strive fine. not punctured. Middle tibiz of males distinetly notched
on inner side near tip. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Southern half of the State. frequent; Lake County, rare. April
15-October 10. Occurs on vegetation and beneath bark.
XLII. Dromius Bon. 1818. (Gr., ‘fa runner.’’)
Small piceous beetles, having the palpi and tarsi slender, the
fourth joint of latter not bilobed nor emarginate; tarsal claws ser-
rate; mentum without a tooth. One of the two species is found in
Indiana.
261 (906). DroMIUS PICEUS Dej.. Spee. V. 1829, 363.
Ovate, slender. depressed. Piceous, moderately shining ; antenne, mouth
parts and legs, and narvew margins of thorax and elytra, pale brownish-
yellow. Head with lengthwise wrinkles above the eyes. Thorax slightly
wider than long, narrower at base: sides curved with a rather wide re-
flexed margin; disk finely wrinkled, the median line distinct, hind angles
obtuse. Blytral strive fine, indistinctly punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Jennings County; scarce. November 20. Occn.s beneath bark.
XLII. <Apristus Chaud. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘without +saw.’’)
Small black species having the tarsal claws simple; mentum
toothed; ligula small, cordiform with four seta in front; thorax
150 FAMILY II.—CARABIDE.
truncate at base. Four species are known from the United States,
two of which have been taken in Indiana. They occur in damp,
sandy localities,
262 (908). APRISTUS coRDICOLLIS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1548, 190.
Black with slight tinge of blue; antennz piceous; legs black. Thorax
cordate, slightly wider than long, side margins a littie broader and more
reflexed near base; median line deep, reaching basal margin; hind angles
acute, slightly prominent. Elytral stri# deeply impressed; intervals rather
strongly convex. Males with three joints of front tarsi dilated and with
two rows of small scales beneath. Length 3.54 mm.
Marion, Vigo and Morgan counties; rare. April 6—-October 15.
Larger than the next, the elytra flatter, the intervals more convex.
263 (909). APRISTUS SUBSULCATUS Dej.. Spec. II, 1826. 451.
Piceous. bronzed; elytra often brownish. Thorax with sides less curved
in front, less sinuate behind than in cordicollis; hind angles rectangular
not prominent, the margins nct wider behind; median line fine. usually not
reaching the basal margin. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties; rare. May 29-July 20.
XLIV. Buecurts Motsch. 1848. (NL., ‘‘black.’’)
Very small black shining species, differing from those of allied
genera by having the base of thorax slightly lobed; mentum not
toothed ; ligula small with two sete in front; claws of tarsi serrate.
Two of the three species have been taken in Indiana.
24 (911). Biecurus NiegRINUS Mann.. Bull. Mosc.. If, 1845, 1.
Elongate, depressed. Black or piceous, shining. ‘Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, broadest one-third from apex; sides moderately curved in
front, slightly sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular: disk very finely
wrinkled, median line deeply impressed. Elytra oblong. nearly parallel.
one-third longer than head and thorax: faintly striate near the suture.
Length 3-3.5 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. April 15. Occurs beneath bark in open
woods.
“5 (913). BLecuRts pcsio Lec., New Sp. N. Amer. Col.. I, 1863, 6.
Black-bronzed, very shining. Thorax not wider than long, widest just
behind the apex. more narrowed behind. the hind angles indistinet. Elytra
almost smooth, net Innger than head and thorax. their sides distinctly
curved. Length 2 mm.
Marion and Clark counties: searce. May 5-October 9. Occurs
beneath bark on oak logs. One of the smallest of our Carabide.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 151
XLV. Merasterus Sch.—Goeb. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘changeable.’’)
Represented in the United States by a single small, oblong black
beetle having the ligula elongate-oval with five short sets in front,
thorax slightly lobed at base, mentum with a small tooth notched at
apex.
266 (914). METABLETUS AMERICANUS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 361.
Rather slender, subdepressed. Uniform black, shining. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, narrowed behind; median line distinct, deep; margin
very narrow, hind angles distinct, not prominent. Elytral strise very faint,
not punctured. Length 3.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 14. Taken from beneath bark of
pine. Resembles Blechrus nigrinus in form and size. A member
of the boreal fauna.
XLVI. Axtnopaupus Lec. 1848. (Gr., ‘‘ax+palpus.’’)
Very small beetles having the mentum emarginate, distinctly
toothed ; labial palpi thick, the last joint oval; maxillary palpi long
and slender, the last joint cylindrical and acutely prolonged at tip.
One species occurs in Indiana.
267 (915). AXINOPALPUS BIPLAGIATUS Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 243.
Rather broad, subdepressed. Piceous, shining; antenne dusky, paler
at base; legs and an oblique stripe, extending from humerus to middle of
elytra, pale yellow. ‘Thorax less than twice as wide as long, slightly cor-
date; sides curved, sinuate near the hind angles, which are rectangular;
median impressed line distinct, entire. TElytra faintly striate on middle of
disk. Length 3 mm.
Lake, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. June 24-Novem-
ber 23. Occurs beneath bark in damp localities.
XLVII. Catumwa Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘beautiful.’’)
Small elongate beetles, usually of bright metallic colors and in
our species having the upper side of tarsi convex, not sulcate or im-
pressed. One species has been taken in Indiana, while another
should occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIDA.
a. Body above bicolored; thorax red, elytra blue or green.
268. PUNCTATA.
aa. Body bright blue or green; elytra not longer than head and thorax,
their stris fine, intervals flat. PURPUREA.
268 (923). CaLttipa puncTATA Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 189.
Elongate, narrow, convex. Head usually dark blue; thorax reddish-
yellow ; elytra bright green; legs yellow, the tips of the femora and tarsi
152 FAMILY II.—CARABIDS.
piceous; antenme piceous, paler at buse. Thorax a little longer than wide,
widest slightly in front of middle; margin very narrow, hind angles obtuse;
disk transversely wrinkled, a few punctures near apex. Elytra oblong.
gradually broader behind; the strizw fine, punctate; intervals flat, sparsely
punctate. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; Dubois county only in the
south. Mav 14-October 10. Often found on flowers. One of our
most handsome Carabids.
( purpurea Sav. 7.5-9 mm. in length, ranges from Michigan to
Ceorgia, Missouri and Kansas, but has not yet been noted in In-
diana.
XLVIII. Piocntonvs Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘a lock of hair.’’)
This genus is very close to Callida, being separated bv the char-
acters given in key, and by the ligula having four sete instead of
two, as in Callida. One species oceurs in Indiana.
2609 (O51). Tecinonrs racecs Lald.. Proc. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., I, 142.
298.
Rather broad, depressed. Uniform dark brown, the margin of thorax
and elytra translucent. Thorax broader than long, sides strongly rounded.
base wider than apex; margin broad, hind angles rectangular; disk trans-
versely wrinkled, median line distinct. Elytral strie deep, not punctured:
intervals convex, alutaceous. Males with the front tarsi narrowly dilated.
the first three joints with two rows of small scales beneath. Length
it.) DI.
Marion County; svarce. March 16—-November 17. Probably hi-
bernates. Occurs in damp places beneath bark and rubbish.
XLIX. Prnacoprra Schaum. 1860. (Gr.. ‘‘flat +neck.’’)
Oblong, brown or piceous beetles of rather small size. having
the tarsi smooth above, the middle pair in male dilated. Hind
angles of thorax in our species obtuse, not prominent; inner wings
well developed. Two species have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PINACODERA.
a, Elytra with pale humeral spot: thorax distinetly narrowed behind. its
margin broad and translucent. 270. LIMBATA.
aa. Elytra without pale spot at humerus; thorax very little narrowed be-
hind, the margin narrow, scarcely translucent. 271. PLATICOLLIS.
270 (984). PINACODERA LIMBATA Dej.. Spec. V. 1829, 320.
Rather slender. depressed. Dark brown or piceous; antenme. legs.
margin of thorax, humeral spot and sides of elytra paler. Wead slightly
wrinkled above the eyes. Thorax one-third wider than long. sides mod-
JHE GRUUND Bhistlbs, 153
erately curved ; disk nearly smooth, the median impressed line fine, Elytra
oval, slightly oblong; strive shallow, very finely yunctate: intervals slightly
convex, alutaceous, the third with two dorsal punctures. Length 8-9.5 mim.
Crawford and Dubois counties; scarce. April 29-July 2.
271 (985). PINACODERA PLATICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IT, 1822,
14; ibid. II. 445.
Resembles timbatu but slightly larger. Thorax with margin more nar-
row and more strongly retiexed; disk often slightly wrinkled and with a
few punctures near the hind augles. Elytra with pale mnargin very narrow
and without humeral spot; intervals nearly flat. Length 9-11 mm.
Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. April 10-October 23. Oc-
curs beneath bark and other cover in sandy regions.
L. Cyminois Latr. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘slender.’’)
Slender-bodied beetles of medium size, more or less hairy above,
with inner wings absent and tarsi hairy above. Our species have
the thorax narrowly margined and the entire upper surface very
strongly punctured. The males have the front tarsi with three
joints dilated and with two rows of small scales beneath. Two spe-
cies have been taken in Indiana.
*272 (944). CYMINDIS AMERICANA Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 446.
Rather slender. Picecus, feebly shining; untennie, legs, humeral spot
and narrow side margin of elytra, pale reddish-brown. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, narrowed at base; sides curved in front, sinuate behind;
disk coarsely and equally punctured. FElytral strize deep. finely punctured :
intervals rather flat. their punctures coarser than those of strize. Length
12-15 mm.
Steuben, Marion, Vigo, Putnam and Knox counties; scarce.
July 14-December 25. Hibernates.
278 (946). CyYMINDIS PILOSA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TT, 1823, 10;
ibid. II, 442.
Moderately elongate. Viceous with faint greenish lustre: surface very
distinctly hairy; antenn:e and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax about as
wide as Jong, much narrower at lise, sides curved, slightly sinuate behind ;
margin narrow, hind angles rectungular; disk coarsely and deeply punt-
tured. Elytral strive deep, intervals slightly convex, irregularly and coarsely
punctured. Length 9.5-10 mm.
Lake, Steuben, Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties; fre-
quent. April 12-November 2. Easily known from americana by
the lack of humeral pale spot. the shorter and wider thorax and the
more sparsely punctate intervals. Occiurs usually in dry or sandy
localities.
154 FAMILY IT.—caxkABID#.
LI. Apsnes Lec. 1852. (L., ‘‘without wings.’’)
Small piceous or bronzed species closely allied to Cymindis, and
differing principally in having the thorax lobed at base and the last
joint of labial palpi more broadly triangular. One species has been
taken in Indiana. while another doubtless occurs in the southern
counties.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF APENES.
a. Head sulcate lengthwise: surface with metallic bronze luster; length
10 mm. LUCIDULA.
aa. Head simply and sparsely punctured; elytra shining, strie distinctly
impressed; length 7 mm. 274. SINUATA.
A, lucidula Dej. occurs from ‘‘New York to Florida.’’ and has
been taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
*274 (950). APENES SINUATA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. s:
ibid. II, 440.
Blongate-oval. Head and thorax piceous; elytra dark brown or piceous,
with a humeral space and two small subapical spots pale; antenne and
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-third wider than long, sparsely punc-
tate, base narrower than apex; sides moderately curved, margin very nar-
row, reflexed; hind angles distinct. Elytra oblong-oval, strie finely punc-
tured; intervals slightly convex, minutely alutaceous, the third with two
dorsal punctures. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. February 14-December 7. Oc-
curs in open woodland, about the bases of trees and stumps.
LIT. Pewnracoyica Schm.—Goeb. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘five +angles.’’!
One small species represents this genus in the United States.
275 (954). PENTAGONICA FLAVIPKS Lec., Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc., X. 1853, 377.
Rather broad, resembling a small Lebia analis. Head
and elytra piceous, very 2nc!y alutaceous; thorax.
basal portion of antenne and legs reddish-yellow;
sometimes wholly piceous with pale legs. Thorax
short. twice as wide as long, sides strongly angulate.
base narrowed; median line distinct. Elytra feebly
striate without punctures. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig.
$5.)
Rare. Two specimens from Lake County and
one from Marion. May 25-October 23. The
Fig. 83. (After Hom.) One from Marion County was found dead in a
Line shows natural size. = porch light globe by H. Morrison.
THE GROUND BEFTLES. 155
Tribe XIV. HELLUONINI.
Antenne rather stout, usually compressed, arising from under *
a distinct frontal plate, all the joints more or less pubescent, first
Jot stout, equal in length to the next two. Head broadly oval,
not narrowed in front of eyes, with a distinct neck; labrum large
and prominent, more or less concealing the mandibles; mentum
broad, deeply emarginate, usually toothed; terminal joint of palpi
elongate-oval or fusiform and obtuse at tip. Thorax more or less
cordate, sides and hind angles each with a distinct bristle-bearing
puncture. Elytra oblong, truncate at apex, base not margined,
sides narrowly inflexed, disk striate or suleate without dorsal pune-
tures. Tibie compressed and finely bicarinate on the outer edge.
Tarsal claws simple. The tribe is represented in the United States
_ fauna by but one genus.
LI. Herivomorpwa Lap. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘slender +form.’’)
Reddish-brown, strongly punctured, hairy beetles of medium
size, having the antennex joints broadly compressed; elytra shorter
than abdomen, more or less costate instead of striate, broadly
rounded at tip. For synoptic table see—
LeConte.—In Bull. Brook. Ent. Sce., II, 1879, 60.
Six species are known from the United States, two of which
have been taken in Indiana, while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELLUOMORPHA.
a. Joints of antenne 5-10 square or broader than long.
b. Thorax longer than wide; elytra more strongly costate; abdomen
dark; elytral intervals with three rows of punctures. PRAUSTA.
bb. Thorax as wide as long; elytra less strongly costate.
c. Elytra and abdomen usually darker than thorax; elytral intervals
with three confused rows of punctures. 276. BICOLOR.
cc. Uniform reddish-brown; elytral intervals with two rows of punc-
tures. 277. TEXANA.
aa. Joints of antennz 5-10 oblong; uniform reddish-brown; intervals with
three irregular rows of punctures. FERRUGINEA.
H. preusta Dej., 14 mm. in length, has been taken near Cincin-
nati and perhaps occurs in the extreme south of Indiana.
276 (959). HELLUOMORPHA BICOLOR Harr., New Eng. Farmer, VII, 1820,
117.
Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and legs reddish-brown, elytra
darker. Thorax as wide as long, subcordate, narrower behind; sides broadly
156 PAMILY T1.—CAKA BLAS.
curved, sinuate behind; base truneate, hind angles rectangular: disk coarse:
ly, sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 13-16 mm.
Vigo, Posey and Crawford counties; scaree. April 8-May 20.
Occurs beneath cover in dry upland woods.
PTT (960). TlennvomMorPoaA TEXANA Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil, Soc, X, 1855,
374.
Form and structure of biculor: uniform light reddish-brown: apical
half of antennz and tarsi darker. Length 14-17 mm.
Marshall and Crawford counties; rare. June 29-August 8.
H. ferruyinea Lee., 13.5-15 mm. in length, is said to occur from
New York to Texas. i
Section Il. HARPALIN.E UNISETOS 4.
This section is much smaller than the preceding, the tribes num-
bering only a third and the genera proportionally less numerous.
The essential character is the presence of but one bristle-bearing
puncture above each eye. The seta at or near the hind angle of
thorax is more often absent than present. Of the eight tribes, but
three are represented in the Indiana fauna. These may be distin-
euished as follows:
IKEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF HARPALINAD UNISETOS.-E.
a. Elytra truncate at apex; mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture in
outer groove; hind cox:e often separated, the first ventral segment
visible between them; epimera of mesosternum usually wide, some-
times nearly as large as episternn. Tribe I. BracHYNINI, p. 156.
a. Wlytra always entire; mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture;
hind coxre contiguous; epimera of mMesosternum very narrow and in-
distinct.
b. Antenne with three basal joints glabrous; elytral margin more or
less interrupted and with an internal fold; front tarsi of male with
three, rarely four, joints spongy pubescent beneath.
Tribe II. CHLa:nrrni, p. 162.
bb. Antenne with two, rarely (Tachyccllus) with three, basal joints gla-
brous: elytral margin not interrupted, no internal fold; male tarsi
yariable. Tribe IIT. Harpatini, p. 173.
Tribe I. BRACHYNINI.
Antenne slender, the condyle of the basal joint exposed, two
basal and a portion of the third joint glabrous. lead gradually
narrowed behind the eves into a neck; labrum broad, truneate ;
mandibles stout, feebly curved, with a seta in outer groove; men-
tum moderately broad, emarginale, toothed or not; the second joint
of palpi longer than the last. Thorax with short marginal set;
THE GROUND BEETLES. 157
scutellum distinct. Elytra not margined at base, apex truncate
and with a membranous border; disk not or very feebly striate
and without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not prolonged. Tarsi
Slender, the front pair in the males with three joints feebly di-
lated and covered with small scales heneath. The only genus in the
United States fauna is—
LIV. Bracuynus Web. 1801. (Gr., ‘short +back.’’)
Small or medium sized beetles with broad abdomen and narrow
head and thorax. The elytra are of a dark blue, blackish- or
greenish-blue color, while the head, thorax and legs are reddish-
yellow. The generic name refers to the shortness of the elytra.
They occur under logs or stones, usually in damp
places. In early spring some of the species are es-
pecially abundant and often gregarious in small
colonies. When disturbed they emit from a little
internal sac near the end of the abdomen a pun-
gent, volatile fluid which serves them as a means
of defense. This fluid is ejected with a sound like
that of a small popgun, and when it comes in con-
tact with the air it changes to a gas which appears rg. 86. Brachynus sty-
like steam. For this reason the members of the = ""™S*
genus are known as ‘‘bombardier beetles.’’ When pursued by
some larger insect the bombardier discharges a part of the stored
liquid into the face of its enemy, the noise and gas so disconcert-
ing the pursuer that the bombardier often has time to escape.
Some forms are capable of discharging four or five times in suc-
cession.
But one paper has been issued on the United States species of
the genus, viz.:
LeConte-— ‘Notes on the species of Brachinus inhabiting the
United States,’’ in Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1862, 523.
This does not include all of the North American species now
known, about 26 in number. The distinguishing characters are so
few that no satisfactory table is extant. Sixteen different forms
have been taken in Indiana. These were submitted to Mr. Liebeck,
who wrote me concerning them as follows:
“‘T assorted your lot of Brachynus and determined them by
comparison with the species in the Horn collection, which is the
best I could do. There the species are arranged in the order in
which they are listed by Henshaw, which differs from the old Le-
158 FAMILY 1T!.—CARABIDZ&.
Sonte table. They were in all probability revised by Dr. Horn
without publishing the result.’’
The following table is based largely upon that of LeConte. and
was drawn up for the specimens as named by Mr. Liebeck and
afterward reviewed by Mr. Fall. Comparison was also made with
those in the LeConte collection at Cambridge.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRACHYNUS.
a. Larger species, 10 to 15 mm.
b. Elytra gradually but distinctly widened behind. costate or subcostate.
c Elytral humeri distinct but rounded; thorax widest just in front
of middle.
d. Thorax not longer than wide, the sides in front much rounded.
e. Abdomen fuscous; antennze with the fourth and following
joints darker. 278. ALTERNANS.
ee. Abdomen and antenne pale. 279. TORMENTARIUS.
dd. Thorax distinctly longer than wide. its sides less rounded.
280. DEYROLLETI.
cc. Uumeri of elytra narrow, indistinct; thorax widest one-fourth
from apex. 281. AMERICANTS.
bb. Elytra but slightly widened behind, the sides parallel or nearly so.
the humeri distinct.
f. Thorax very wide in front, suddenly narrowed behind the middle;
elytra blackish-blue. 282. BALLISTARIUS.
ff. Thorax much narrower in front, more gradually narrowed behind:
elytra paler blue. 283. FUMANS.
aa. Medium sized or small species, not over 9.5 mm.
g. Thorax wider than long, strongly constricted behind the middle.
h. Form slender; elytra smooth, feebly widened behind, their sides
almost parallel. 284. GRACILIS.
hh. Form broader, the elytra gradually but distinctly widened from
base to apex.
i. Elytra together subquadrate, distinctly costate.
285. QUADRIPENNIS.
vi. Elytra but faintly or obsoletely costate.
j. Hind angles of thorax prominent; antennze and abdomen in
part or wholly dark. 286. CORDICOLLIS.
jj. Hind angles of thorax very slightly prominent: antennze and
abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 287. CYANIPENNIS.
gg. Thorax as long or longer than wide. the base much less strongly con-
stricted.
k. Joints 3 and 4 of antennwe almost black. joints 5 to apex more or
less fuscous; abdomen wholly dark. 288. PULCHELLUS.
kk. Joints 3 and 4 of antenne not darker than those which follow.
l. Hind angles of thorax not at all prominent; humeri indistinct.
m. Abdomen with the sides dark; thorax broadly rounded on the
sides in front; larger. 7-9 mm. 289. PERPLEXTS.
mm. Abdomen wholly pale; thorax more strongly rounded on the
sides in front; smaller, not over 6 mm. 290. MINUTUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 159
ul. Hind angles of thorax prominent; humeri distinct.
n. Elytra oblong, scarcely widened behind; abdomen wholly pale;
size small, not over 7 mm. 291. JANTHINIPENNIS.
nn. Elytra gradually but distinctly dilated behind; abdomen dark,
at least on sides.
0. Narrow lateral edge and epipleura of elytra pale yellow;
knees, sides of abdomen and metathorax dusky.
292. LATERALIS.
oo. Lateral edge and epipleura of the same color as the elytra ;
front angles of thorax obtusely rounded; very small, not
over 5.5 mm. 293. MEDTIUS.
2S (973). BRACHYAUS ALTERNANS Dej., By. Ty 1825, B16,
Elytra bluish-black ; abdomen fuscous. Thorax at mid-
dle about as wide as long, front margin slightly concave.
the angles obtuse but distinct, hind angles rectangular.
Elytra distinctly costate, the intervals between the ridges
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 14-15 mm. ( Fig.
S87.) :
Southern half of State; frequent. April 6-
July 4.
*279 (975). BRacHYNUS TORMENTARIUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Fig 87. ware
Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 200. (Original.)
Thorax as wide as long, front angles obtuse but distinct; hind angles
rectangular, not prominent. Elytra costate, the humeri distinct, broadly
rounded. Length 14-15 mm.
Vigo avd Posey countics; scarce. Hibernates. January 1-
April 19. Very close to alternans and probably only a variety of
that species.
280 (974). BRACHYNUS DEYROLLEI Laf., Rev. Zool., 1841, 42.
Antenne reddish-yellow, the apical portion darker; abdsmen piceous.
Thorax distinctly longer than wide, slightly narrower than the head; front
margin concave, the angles obtuse, hind angles distinct but not prominent.
Elytra subcostate, the humeri rounded but evident. Length 14-15 mm.
Knox County; rare. July 4.
281 (962). BRACHYNUS AMERICANUS Lec., Proc. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., IJ, 1844, 48.
Elytra black, but faintly tinged with hlue; four basal
joints of antennz pale, the remainder gradually dusky;
abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, the
base gradually constricted, hind angles rectangular. Ely-
tra distinctly but not strongly costate; intervals wide
and finely punctured; humeri very much sloping, not at
all distinct. Length 10-11.5 mm. (Fig. 88.)
Vigo, Knox, Crawford and Perry counties; fre-
Fig. 88. x 2. i
“{Original.) quent, April 23—October 21.
(11 —23402]
160 FAMILY I1.—CARABIDE.
282 (976). BrRAcilyNUS BALLISTARIUS Lec., Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV,
S48, 199.
Elytra blue-black ; antenne reddish-brown at base, gradually dusky to
tip; abdomen blackish on sides, usually pale at middle. Thorax slightly
wider than long. widest in front of middle, suddenly much constricted be-
hind middle; front margin cencaye. hind angles prominent. Elytra dis-
tinctly costate. intervals sparsely punctulate. Length 11-13.5 mm.
Throughout the State: searee. April 11-September 7. The
margins of the thorax are wider and more reflexed, its sides much
more strengly sinuate and its disk more sparsely punctate than in
the next species.
283 (977). BraciryNUs FUMANS Fab., Syst. Eleut.. 1801, 210.
More narrow and slender than ballistarius. Apical portion of antenn:e
a little darker than the base; elytra more distinctly blue; abdomen reddish-
brown, the sides darker. Thorax about as wide as long. widest in front
of middle, then gradually narrowed to base. Elytra oblong. the sides nearly
parallel, the humeri rounded but evident, distinctly costate. Length 11.5-
12mm. (Fig. 81.)
Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April S—May 12.
7
284 (——). BrhacliyNts GRACILIS sp. nov.
Elongate. slender. parallel. Antenne reddish-yellow. joints 3 and 4
darker at tip; abdomen wholly fusceus; elytra blackish-blue. Eyes large.
prominent. Thorax wider than long. widest near apex, front margin trun-
eate. the angles riuunded; sides strongly margined, deeply sinuate; hind
angles prominent, acute. divergent. Elytra without trace of cost. the
humeri distinct. Length 9 mm.
Marshall County: rare. October 14. Resembles cyanspennis.
but differs in being much more slender. with larger eves. smooth
elytra and dark abdomen.
285 (96S). BRA@CHYNUS QUADRIPENNIS Dej., Spec. I, 1825. 316.
First two joints of antenne and part of third pale, the remainder dark
reddish-brown; abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, convex.
front slightly concave. hind angles prominent. Elytra together but little
longer than broad, strongly costate; humeri broadly rounded: distinct.
Length 9-9.5 mm.
Vigo and Crawford counties: rare. Occurs in dry or sandy
localties. May 12—June 15.
2S6 (978). BRACIYNUS CORDICOLEDS Dej. Spee. TT, S26, 466.
Elytra blackish-blve: antemme reddish-brown at base, Che apical ball
y
dusky; joints 2 and -f darker than the others. Vhorax wider than long.
bee
THE GROUND BEETLES. 161
lie Widest part nearly twice the width of the hase, apex slightly concave,
hind angles acute, divergent; surface sparsely and finely punctured. Mlytra
but little widened behind, obsoletely costate. Length 7.5-9 pn.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 10-October 17.
2ST (971). BRacuyNUS CYANIPENNIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI,
1823, 143; ibid. II, 91.
Elytra blue-black. ‘Thorax shorter than usual, distinctly wider than
long, front angles obtusely rounded, hind ones evident, not prominent. HEly-
(va slightly wider behind, the humeri distinct but strongly rounded, the
costee very faint. Length S-9 mm.
Fulton County; rare. June 20.
PSS (——). BracuyNUS PULCHELLUS sp. noy.
Resembles perplerus in form and size. Elytra distinetly darker, black-
ish-blue; sides of meso- and metasterna and entire abdomen fuscous. An-
tenne with joints 3 and 4 almost black. Thorax longer than wide, the base
gradually constricted, its disk more convex and hind angles acute und more
distinct than in perplerus. Elytra almost smooth, the humeri distinct.
Length 7-0 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 14-April 18.
From cordicollis, our only other small species with the third and
fourth joints of antenne dark, it differs in.the thorax being much
narrower and less constricted, and with less prominent hind angles.
This is one of the first species to appear in spring and is the only
one besides tormentarius which bas been taken in the winter months.
It occurs in low, sandy localities.
289 (966). BRACHYNUS PERPLEXUS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 426.
Elytra dark blue; antennz and entire under surface, except the sides
of abdomen, reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, the widest part
about twice the width of base; front margin truncate, the angles obtuse;
hind angles not at all prominent; sides very broadly rounded in front of
middle. Elytra but little wider behind, cbsoletely costate, nearly or quite
covering the abdomen; humeri evident but narrow. Length 8-9 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 9.
290 (965). BracHynus minutts Harr., N. Eng. Far., VII, 182s, 117.
Smaller and more slender than janthimpennis, which it resembles
closely in form and color. Thorax more narrow, distinctly longer thau
wide, much less constricted behind, the hind angles scarcely evident. Humeti
narrow. less rounded than in the next. Length 5.5--6 mm.
Marshall, Fulton, Whitley and Kosciusko counties; scarce.
June 5-August 17. This is the pumilio of LeConte, which is re-
garded as a synonym of minulus, though the latter is said by Har-
162 FAMILY IT.
CARABIV.E.
ris to have the abdomen and antenne fuscous. In the LeConte
collection at Cambridge the single example labeled minutus is simi-
lar to the Indiana specimens, as is also the type of pumuilio bearing
that label and placed at the side of the other specimen. If a com-
parison with the Harris type shows the two to be different the name
pumilio will stand.
291 (963). BRACHYNUS JANTHINIPENNIS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 412.
Elytra dark blue, often with a faint greenish tinge; antenne, legs and
entire under surface reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer than wide.
hind angles prominent; surface not punctate, faintly, transversely strigose.
Elytra parallel. the coste evident. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent along the shores of lakes. May
20-August 8.
292 (972). BRACHYNUS LATERALIS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 426.
Apical half of antennee dusky; legs, except the knees, pale yellow; ely-
tra dull blackish-blue with pale lateral margin. Thorax less narrowed be-
hind than in allied forms, hind angles acute, but slightly prominent; elytral
coste obsolete, the humeri distinct. Length S—-9.5 mm.
A species of southern range, known from Indiana by a single
specimen taken in Posey County. April 10.
293 (967). BRracHYNUs MeEpDIUS Harr., New Eng. Far., VII, 1828, 117.
Antenne fuscous; abdomen dark brown. Thorax as long as wide, the
front margin concave, the front angles deflexed and obtusely rounded. Ely-
tra slightly wider behind, the humeri rounded but distinct, the coste evi-
dent but faint. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. April 24. Our smallest species.
Tribe Il, CHLASNTINI.
Antenne slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge,
the three basal joints glabrous. Head not narrowed behind the
eyes to a neck; labrum transverse, truncate or emarginate; clypeus
more or less prolonged between the mandibles which are feebly
curved and without a seta on outer side; mentum broad, usually
emarginate and toothed. Thorax variable in form, the sete of the
margin either slender or wanting. Body not pedunculate, scutel-
lum distinct. Elytra margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed,
surface striate without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not pro-
longed; hind cox contiguous. Tarsi slender, claws simple. Males
with three or four joints of front tarsi dilated and densely spongy
beneath. The tribe is represented in the United States fauna by
seven genera, six of which occur in Indiana.
Lik GROUND BEETLES, 163
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CILLA=NIINI.
a. Punctures of eighth stria of elytra distant from the margin, the ninth
stria very distinct; eyes regular in outline, not truncate behind; color
mostly green or blue-black.
vb. Mentum with a distinct lobe each side; length S or more mim.
“ c, Mentum toothed in the center of the notch. LV. CHL-ENIUS.
ec. Mentum not toothed. LVI. ANOMOGLUSSUS.
bb. Mentum without lobex. truncate in front; length 9-9.5 mm.
LYVII. Bracuyvones.
ea. Kighth stria of elytra very close to the margin, the ninth indistinct;
eyes truncate behind; color black or piceous.
d. All the tarsi pubescent beneath; clypeus with a bristle-bearing punc-
ture each side; labrum with six sete; length 9.5-10 mm.
LVIII, LacuNocreris.
dd. Hind tarsi not pubescent beneath.
e. Front tarsi of males with four joints dilated, the first three spongy
beneath ; clypeus without bristle-bearing punctures; labrum with
six sete; length 5-6 mm. LIX. ANATRICHIS.
ec. Front tarsi of male with three joints dilated and spongy; second
joint of labial palpi without sete in front; thorax as wide at
base as elytra; length 7.5 or more mm. LX. OGDEs.
LY. Cuuseyxivs Bon. 1813. (Gr.. ‘Sa cloak or mantle.’’)
This genus is composed of greenish- or bluish-black oblong
beetles of medium or large size. hey are mostly finely pubescent,
and when handled give off an odor like that of morocco leather. In
a number of species the base of thorax is as wide as that of elytra.
They live beneath stones, logs, ete., the majority of the species being
found in damp localities, where thev feed largely upon other in-
sects. In 23 individuals dissected by Dr. Forbes. 83 per cent. of
the stomach content was found to be of animal origin. Of this 65
per cent. was of insects, chiefly cutwornis, canker-worms and other
injurious forms, so that the genus ranks high among the beneficial
Carabide.
About 48 species of Chlenius are known from the United States.
Of these. 16 have been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps
occur, The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows:
Lr Coute.—‘ Analytical Table of the Species of Chlenius in the
United States.’’ in Proce. Phil. \cad. Nat. Sei., VIII, 1856, 25.
Horn.— ‘Revision of the Species of Chlenius in the United
States,’’? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876, 253.
Horn.—‘Synoptic Table,’ 7 Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe., 1V,
1882, 3.
For convenience the Indiana species are first divided into two
eroups and these in turn into species.
164 ‘ FAMILY II.—CARABID.E.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDANA SPECIES OF CHLAUNIT S.
a. Third joint of antennze longer than fourth; middle tibize of male with a
pubescent space near the tip. Group 4.
aa. Third joint of antennze not longer than fourth (except in tomentosus) :
middle tibiz of male without a pubescent space at tip. Group B.
GROUP A.
In this group the males have a pubescent space of greater or
less extent near the tip of the middle tibiw. This is usually on the
outer edge. but sometimes in front of the tibia. The hasal line and
side margin of the elytra unite at the humerus to form either a dis-
tinct angle or a regular curve: and ‘‘basal line angulate at hu-
merus’’ and “‘basal line curved at humerus’’ are terms used to
designate the two modes of union.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
ua. Abdomen smooth at middle, spursely and finely punctured on the sides.
6. Prosternum not margined at tip, feebly punctured or smth in front;
male with front femora subangulate at base.
ce. Color bright green, shining; length 12-14 mm. 294 SOLITARIUS.
ce. Color dark blue: thorax subepaque, elytra opaque; length 13-
15 mm. 295. LEUCOSCELIS.
bb. Prosternum margined at tip, coarsely punctured in front; color green,
the last ventral segment nearly wholly brownish-yellow; length
17 mm. DU. PRASINUS.
aa. Abdomen sparsely punctured at middle, more densely at sides.
d. Episterna (side pieces) of metasternum short, the outer side shorter
than the front one; thorax narrower at base than elytra.
ce. Thorax greenish-bronzed above, the sides distinctly sinuate near
base: front femora of male subangulate at base. 297. [ESTIVIS.
ce. Thorax violet or purplish-blue above. not sinuate near base.
f. Thorax wider than long: front femora of male ~ubangulate at
base. ‘i PLATYDERCS.
ff. Thorax about as long as wide; front femora of male simple.
298. DIFFINIS
dd. Episterna of metasternum leng. the outer side lonzer than the front
one. :
g. Sides of thorax not or feebly sinuate near base.
h. Color bright green to blue, legs pale. 259, SERICEUS.
hh. Color blackixh or dark blue.
i. Smaller, 13-15 mm.; base of thorax as wide as elytra; front
femora of male toothed at base. 300. LATICOLLIS.
ii. Larger, 21-23 mm.; base of thorax narrower than elytra; front
femora of male simple. FU SCICORNIS.
gg. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base; color and size of fus-
cicornis. 301. ERYTHROPUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 165
“94 (1009). CuLanrus sorrrarrus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IL, 1823,
65; ibid. 11, 487.
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Above bright green; legs and basal por-
tion of antennze pale yellow; under surface dark reddish-brown, the last
ventral segment margined with dull yellow. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, base and apex almost equal and much narrower than elytra; sides
rather strongly curved in front, sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular ;
disk sparsely punctured along the base and apex. Elytral intervals convex.
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length’12-14 mm.
Starke. Vigo, Martin, Posey and Clark counties; scarce. April
15-December 10. Resembles prasinus In color but smaller, brighter
green and with much narrower thorax.
295 (1008). CHLa&NIUs LEUCOscELIS Chevr., Col. Mex., I, 1834, 71.
Elongate-oval. Above dark violet blue; antennze and legs reddish-
brown; under surface piceous. Thorax as in solitarius, the basal impres-
sions and median line deeper, the former long and curved; center of disk
each side not punctured. Elytral intervals subconvex. rather densely and
finely punctulate. Length 13.5-16 mm.
Clark and Floyd counties; frequent beneath stones along the
Ohio River. April 15—October 9.
296 (1007). CHLaNIUS PRASINUS Dej., Spec. II. 1826, 345.
Elongate oval, robust. Above bright green; legs and antenn:e pale:
under surface black, the last ventral segment dull yellow. Thorax broader
than long; sides curved in front, gradually narrowed from middle to base,
which is distinctly narrower than elytra; hind angles obtuse: disk coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Elytral stris shallow. distinctly punctured; inter-
vals rather densely and finely punctate. Length 17-18 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in damp localities. April 16-
July 14. In one specimen from Vigo County the elytra are blackish-
green.
297 (1003). CHL.ZNIUS 4@STIVUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 62;
ibid. (I, 454.
Elongate-oval. Head and thorax green, slightly bronzed; elytra black
with bluish tinge; legs and three basal joints of antenne pale; under sur-
face black. Head, except the middle of front, coarsely and deeply punctate.
Thorax nearly as long as wide, sides feebly sinuate near base, disk coarsely
ind densely punctured. FElytral striz finely punctured; intervals finely,
Jensely and indistinctly punctulate. Length 16-17 mm.
Southern part of State. frequent: much less so in the northern
counties. April 12—June 28.
C, pletyderus Chand. 14.5 mn. in length. is reeorded from [l-
nois and westward, and possibly occurs in western Indiana.
166 FAMILY I1,—CARABIDA.
298 (1001). CHL#NiIUs DIFFINIS Chaud., Bull. Mosc., III, 1856, 279.
Elongate-oval, robust. Bluish with a tinge of green; elytra darker;
antenne brown, three basal joints paler. Head coarsely punctured, smooth
at middle and in front. Thorax with base very little broader than apex,
sides moderately curved in front, slightly converging, not sinuate near base;
disk moderately convex, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytral stria with
rather distant punctures; intervals flat, rather densely punctulate. Length
18-15 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11—July 14.
#299 (996). CHLANIUS SERICEUS Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins. Cent., I, 1771, 3s.
Klongate-oval, rather slender, convex. Bright green,
sometimes with a bluish tinge; antenne usually pale,
often with the apical joints darker; under surface black.
Thorax nearly quadrate, wider at base than apex, dense-
ly and rather conrsely and deeply punctate. Elytral strie
fine. with rather fine, distant punctures; intervals flat,
deusely and finely punctate. Length13-17 mm. (Fig. 89.)
Throughout the State; common about the mar-
gins of ponds, lakes and streams. April 16—Decem-
her 3,
se al 300 (1000). CHL#NIUS LATICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soe. IT, T8235, (4 ibid, IL, 486,
Resembles diffinis very closely. Differs in having the antennze and legs
uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax wider. feebly sinuate near the hase.
which is distinctly wider than apex; disk less densely punctured and more
convex. Length 13-15 mm.
Lake and Starke counties; rare. April S-May 28. The longer
side pieces of metasternum, broader thorax, short spine near base of
male femora and wholly pale antenne easily distinguish it from
diffinis.
C. fusicornis Dej.. antenne brown, the two basal joints paler.
is recorded from the ‘‘Gulf States. TMinois and Missouri.’’
*301 (994). CHLa:NIUS ERYTHROPUS Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, 11.
Elongate-oval. very robust. VPiceous-black, the thorax with a tinge of
blue; legs and antenne uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, base broader than apex; surface densely and rather coarsely
punctured. Elytral strim fine, finely punctured; intervals flat, rather dense-
ly punctulate. Front femora of male subangulate at base. Length 21-
23 mm.
Throughout the State: common, January I-September 22.
Taken in Vigo County in January and February, but more common
in colonies the first warm davs of March,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 167
GrRouP B.
The species of this group are, as a rule, much siualler than those
of Group A. The males are without a pubescent space at tip of
middle tibie, and the third joint of antenne is almost always equal
to or shorter than the fourth.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a, Abdomen without punctures and glabrous; thorax as broad at base as
elytra, sides not sinuate, basal impressions very feeble, surface dense-
ly punctured. 302. TOMENTOSUsS,
ad. Abdomen sparsely punctured and pubescent over the entire surface.
b. Sides of thorax not sinuate; prosternum not margined at tip.
c. Legs black; thorax as wide at base as elytra, its disk with coarse
punctures very irregularly placed.
d. Margin of thorax not thickened; basal line angulate at humerus;
purplish or violet blue above; length 8.5-9.5 mim.
303. PURPURICOLLIS.
dd. Margin of thorax thickened near base; humeri of elytra rounded ;
black above; length 11.5-12.5 mm. 304. NIGER.
ce. Legs reddish-yellow; thorax more finely and densely punctured,
narrower at apex than base and with a narrow red margin.
305. IMPUNCTIFRONS.
bb. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate ; prosternum margined at tip, its
side pieces coarsely punctured.
e. Elytral intervals finely muricate; i. e, with numerous fine, rigid
points. 306. PENNSYLVANICUS.
cc. Elytral intervals finely and sparsely punctured, not muricate.
f. Head and thorax green, varying to blue, shining.
g. Labrum feebly emarginate; elytra very obsoletely and sparsely
punctate. 307. BREVILABRIS.
gg. Labrum truncate. 308. TRICOLOR.
ff. Head and thorax cuppery bronze; thorax alutaceous, subopaque.
more finely and sparsely punctate. 309. NEMORALIS.
302 (1032). CHLENIUS TOMENTOSUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1828,
GO. ibid. II, 483.
Broadly oval, robust. Blackish, purplish or greenish and
feebly bronzed above; antennz black, two basal joints pale,
the third joint longer than fourth; under surface and legs
black, shining. Head nearly smooth, a few wrinkles and
punctures above each eye. Thorax gradually broader from
apex to base, disk densely and coarsely punctured, with a
few irregular smooth spaces. Elytral strie shallow, punc-
tures round, rather coarse; intervals feebly convex, finely
punetulate and pubescent. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Tig. 90.)
Fig, 90. x 1.
Throughout the State; common. Mareh 23-Novem- — (Original.
ber 20. Often found at electric light and probably hibernates.
The abdomen is sometimes sparsely punctured on the sides.
168 FAMILY IT.—CARABIDA.
B08 (0080) CRLANIUS PURPURICOLLIS Rand. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 11,
IS38, 35.
Oblong-oval. Dark violet blue above. black beneath; antenne black,
basal joint pale. Thorax gradually narrower from base to apex, surface
coarsely and very irregularly punctured. the sides in front of middle almost
smooth, Elytral strive very fine, distantly and finely punctured; intervals
flat with numerous rather coarse, simple punctures. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties; rare. May 14—-August 26. Occurs
along the beach of Lake Michigan.
304 (1029). CHL&NIUS NIGER Rand.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 34.
Broadly oval. Uniform black throughout; head and thorax shining.
Thorax one-third broader than long, apex narrower than base, hind angles
obtuse; basal impressions deep; disk coarsely punctured, with irregular
smooth spaces each side of middle. Blytral strie finely punctured; inter-
vals convex, rather densely and roughly punctured. Length 11.5-12.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. April 5—July 9.
305 (1025). (ULANIUS IMPUNCTIFRONS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soee., II,
1823, 64; ibid. II, 486.
Elongate-oval. Head bright green; thorax blackish-green, subopaque;
elytra black; antenne and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax broader than
long, very flat; base as broad as elytra, hind angles obtuse. Elytral strie
rather deep, finely punctured: intervals flat, finely and roughly punctate.
Length 13.5-16 mm.
Throughout the State; searee. April 16-August 26. Easily
known by the very flat therax with a narrew pale margin.
“306 (1021). CirLbazgNIUS PENNSYLVANIcts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. 11,
1825. 66; ibid. IT, 487.
Ilongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax bright green; elytra darker
green: antennz reddish-brown, three basal joints paler; under surface
black, legs pale. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides moderately curve:l.
feebly sinuate near base; disk convex. coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tate: basal impressions linear. deep. BElytral stris deep. rather coarsely
punctured ; intervals flat. muricate. Length 10-11.5 mm.
Throughout the State; more common in the northern half.
where it often eeenrs in small colonies beneath rubbish along the
margins of lakes. January 3—Octoher 13.
307 (1019). CnLenits BRevirasrts Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848.
437.
Form and color of pennsylranicus. Elytra bluish-black, the intervals
flat, finely and indistinctly punctured. Length 10-12 mm.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 169
Northern half of State; scarce. April 26-November 28. Very
close to tricolor but narrower and with the labrum feebly but dis-
tinetly and broadly e iarginate, the thorax broader and less nar-
rowed in front and the elytral strie more coarsely punctured.
308 (1018). CHLanrus tricotor Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 334.
Elongate-ova!, broader than the two preceding. Head
and thorax green, elytra blackish-blue. Thorax nar-
rower at apex than base, broader than long; sides
curved and feebly sinuate behind; disk rather coarse-
ly and densely punctured, basal impressions narrow
and rather deep. Elytral stric fine, rather deep, fine-
ly punctured; intervals flat, finely, sparsely and indis-
tinctly punctate. Length 11.5-13 mm. (Fig. 91.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 17-
November 28.
309 (1017). CHLaNIUS NEMORALIS Say. Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 65; ibid. II, 487.
Form of tricolor. Head and thorax coppery-bronze ;
elytra black with but a faint bluish tinge; antennz and legs reddish-brown.
Thorax narrower at apex than base; disk alutaceous, finely and rather
sparsely punctured; basal impressions narrow, deep; median line distinctly
impressed its full length. Elytral strie narrow, rather coarsely punctured ;
intervals slightly convex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11.5-
13 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. March 21—October 7. Very
close to tricoler but the thorax distinetly alutaceous, subopaque,
more convex in front and much more finely punctate.
Fig. 91. < 23. (Original.)
LVI. Anomocuossus Chaud. 1856. (Gr., ‘‘irregular + tongue.’’)
The members of this genus resemble those of Chlenius, but
differ by the entire absence of any mentum tooth and by the man-
dibles being longer and less curved. The entire surface of the ab-
domen is punctured and pubescent, the basal line of elytra is angu-
late at humerus and the labrum is emarginate. Two species occur
in Indiana. This genus and the next are treated by:
Horn.—zIn Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., V, 1876, 273-274.
Horn.—In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., TV, 1882, 29.
310 (1084). ANOMOGLOSSUS EMARGINATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823, 62; ibid. II. 485.
Elongate-ovil. rather slender. Head bright green; thorax green tinged
with bronze; elytra dark blue; antennze and legs pale. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, broader at dase than apex, sides not at all sinunte near
base, hind angles obtuse. disk coarsely and rather closely punetate. Wly-
tral intervals flat, densely and coarsely punctured. Length 12-14 mm.
170 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.
Southern half of State. frequent; much less so northward.
April 16-October 17. Resembles Chlenius ustivus closely in gen-
eral appearance.
*311 (1036). ANOMOGLOSSUS PUSILLUs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II,
1823, G3; ibid. II, 485. .
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax bluish-green; elytra dark blue, some-
times black; antenn:e and legs reddish-brown. Labrum deeply emarginate.
Thorax as wide as long. narrower at base than apex; sides distinctly sin-
uate, hind angles acute; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and deeply punctate.
Elytral intervals moderately convex, coarsely and closely punctured. Length
S-8.5 mm.
Throughout the Staie; saree. -January 21-August 9.0 Oceurs
beneath rubbish in damp localities.
LVIT. Bracuytosvs Chaud. s76. (Gr., ‘‘short + lobe.’’)
Known from allied genera by the mentum being without lobes,
transversely trapezoidal, much narrowed and scarcely at all emar-
ginate in front, its sides very obliqueiy truncate; mentum tooth en-
tirely absent. One species occurs in Indiana.
312 (1037). BracuyLosts LITHOPHILUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT,
1828, 62; ibid. IT, 485.
Elongate-oval. Green or blackish-green, head and thorax shining; ely-
tra thickly clothed with yellowish hairs; antennz fuscous, paler at base;
legs pale; under surface black. Thorax one-third broader than long, nar-
rower at apex than base, the latter as broad as elytra; sides broadly curved.
not sinuate; disk densely and coarsely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Ely-
tral striz finely punctured, intervals flat. sparsely and finely punctulate.
Pro- and mesosterna coarsely punctured. Length 9-9.5 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April G-Neptember 5. Oe-
curs mostly in damp sandy places about the margins of lakes and
streams.
LVL Lacunocrepis Lee. i852. (Ca. “tsoft hair: foot.’’)
One rather small blaek speeies, the male of whieh has four joints
of the front tarsi rather broadly dilated. represeuts this venus in
the United States. The principal papers treating of it and the
next two are by:
Horn.— ‘On the Species of Oddes and Allied Genera of the
U $8.2? a Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. TIT, 1870, 105-109,
Torn—*Synoptie Table? fe Bull, Brook, Ent. Soe.. TV. 1882.
29, 30,
THE GROUND BEETLES. 171
813 (1089). LacHNOCREPIS PARALLELUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV,
1834, 420; ibid. II, 532.
Elongate-oblong, parallel, subconvex. Black, shining, very finely alu-
taceous; antennz piceous, two basal joints paler; legs and region of hind
angles of thorax reddish-brown, the latter translucent. Thorax slightly
wider than long, widest a little behind the middle; apex narrower than
base, the latter as wide as elytra; disk not punctured; hind angles obtuse.
Elytra seven-striate, the strite parallel their full length, finely and distantly
punctate; intervals subconvex, smooth. Length 9.5-10.5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties; scarce. May 6—-October 29. Oc-
curs near water. :
LIX. Awatricuis Lee. 1853. (Gr., ‘‘ without + hair.’’)
Small oval or oblong black or piceous beetles, separated from
allied genera by the characters given in the key. One species oc-
eurs in Indiana.
314 (1040). ANATRICHIS MINUTA Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 677.
Oval, broader behind. Black, shining; antenne piceous, the basal joints
and legs reddish-brown. Base of thorax as wide as elytra; sides feebly
curved, converging gradually to apex; disk finely not densely punctate;
basal impressions deep, short. LElytral strise deep, serrately punctate; in-
tervals flat, minutely punctulate. Length 5-6 mm.
One specimen taken in Posey County. April 9. A member of
the Austroriparian fauna.
LX. Odves Bon. 1813. (Gr., ‘‘egg+form.’’)
Small or medium sized, oval or oblong, black or greenish-black,
shining beetles, resembling closely certain forms of the genus
Amara. All have the thorax as wide at base as elytra, and the
third interval of latter with two dorsal punctures behind the
middle. They occur, for the most part, beneath stones, etc., along
the margin of lakes and ponds. Five species have been taken in
the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OODES.
a. Elytra with seven strice equally distinct; first joint of front tarsi of
male entirely spongy beneath.
b. Thorax broadest at base; length 7.5-9 mm. 315. AMAROIDES.
bb. Thorax broadest just in front of base; length 12.5 mm.
c. Elytral stris distinctly and closely punctured; form very broad.
316. AMERICANUS.
cc. Elytral strive finely and distantly punctured; form more narrow.
317. FLUYIALIS
2 PAMILY Th—OARA PIAS
ad. Seventh elytral stria either entirely obliterated or replaceé by fine, dis-
tant punctures; first joint of front tarsi of male spongy only at apex.
d. Elytral strie punctured their entire length; tibize and tarsi pale yel-
low, 318. CUPREUS.
dd. Elytval strive not punctured; tibiz and tarsi black or piceous.
319. 14-sTRIATUS.
315 (1041). OdpEsS amMAROIDES Dej., Spec. V. 1829. 664.
Ohlong-oval. Black or piceous, shining; margin and basal angles of
thorax often translucent; antennz reddish-brown, legs piceous. Thorax
gradually broader from apex to base, where it is one-half wider than long;
sides feebly curved; disk smooth, basal and median impressions obsolete.
fElytra with sides subparallel and very obtuse at apex; striw finely pune
tured; intervals flat. Length 7.5-9 mm.
Lake. Koscinsko, Marshall and Knox counties: frequent. June
17-August 17.
TT.
216 (1042). OODES AMERICANUS Dej., Spec. II, 1826. 37
Broadly oval; black. shining, finely alutaceous; legs and antenne as in
amaroidcs. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base. slightly narrower
at base than immediately in front; median line fine but distinct. Elytra
subparallel; stria mederately deep. finely and closely punctured ; intervals
feebly convex. Length 12.5 mm.
Knox and Vigo counties: searee, April 23-September 2.
817 (1043). OdpES FLUVIALIS Lec.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1865. 13.
Resembles the preceding but narrower and more convex.
Thorax less rounded in at base, with more distinct median
line. Elytral strive Jess deep, very finely, distantly and in-
distinctly punctured; intervals fiat. Length 12.5 mm. (Fig.
92.)
Lake, Marshall. Kos«insko and Marion counties;
scarce. Mav 15-Angust 27.
318 (1045). OdpEs cUpRxUs Chaud., Bull. Mose. IV. 1M5.
5) 761.
5 Elongate-oval. rather slender. Greenish-bronze; margin
of thorax and elytra often bright green. shining: antennse and femora pie-
eous, the two basal joints of former paler. Elytral striz shallow, the sev-
enth wholly absent: intervals flat. Length 10 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. Angust 17-November 9.
319 (1048). OdpEs 14-sTRiaTUs Chaud.. Bull. Mosc.. IV. 1848, 759.
Elongate-oval, robust. Greenish-black. slightly bronzed: antenne dark
reddish-brown. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base; median line
very faint. Elytra rather deeply striate, the seventh lacking; interval.
feebly convex, finely alutaceous. Length 11.5 mm.
Martin. Clark. Flovd and Posey counties: searee. April 11-
September 27. Ranges from Ohio te Louisiana and Texas.
Tribe EEL. TLARDP ALIN.
Antenna usually slender, arising froin beneath a slight frontal
ridge, two basal joints. sometimes a portion of the third, glabrous.
Head often large, usually moderate, not narrowed to a neck; labrum
incderately prominent, truncate or emarginate; mandibles stout.
acute at tip and without bristle-bearing puncture on outer side;
mentum broad, emarginate, with or without a median tooth.
Thorax variable in form, with a lateral seta, but none in the hind
angles. Body sometimes subpedunculate; scutellum distinct. Ely-
tra usually margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed, surface stri-
ute, often densely punctured. either pubescent or smooth, with or
without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not prolonged; hind cox»
contiguous; front tarsi with the outer apical angle spinous or ob-
tusely prolonged.
The tribe is a large one, being represented in the United States
fauna hy 17 genera, 14 of which ocenr in Indiana. Many of these
have been established on trivial or sexual characters. so that they
are difficult to distinguish unless both sexes are at hand. To make
shorter an otherwise long generic key, the genera are distributed by
Hern among four subtribes. three of which are represented in
Indiana. ‘
KEY TO INDIANA SUBTRIBES OF ILARPALINI,.
uv. Front tarsi of male feebly or not at all dilated, pilose or spinaxe he-
neath: eyes. except in Sgonoderus, small and widely separated from
the mouth beneath: oblong or oval convex species, usually piceous or
brownish-vellow in hue. Subtribe 4., p. 173.
au. Front tarsi of male dilated: less convex, black. brown or picesus, rarely
brownish-yellow species.
b. Dilated joints of front tarsi with two rews of small scales beneath.
Subtribe B.. p. 178.
vb. Dilated joints of front tarsi densely spongy pubescent or brush-like
beneath. Subtribe €., }. 193.
Subtribe A. (Daprt.)
To this group belong five Indiana geuera, separated as follows:
KEY YO INDIANA GENERA OF GROUP A.
a. Mandibles prominent. crossing at an angle. deeply strigose at tip: body
subpedunculate ; front tibixe strongly fossvrial. LXI. Georrnus.
aa. Mandibles not prominent. at most feebly crossing; body net peduncu-
late.
174 FAMILY II.—CARABID.E.
b. Outer apical angle of front tibia prolonged; form robust; length
14 mm. LXNIS. NorHopws.
6b. Outer apical angle of tibiz not prolonged; form less robust; length
less than 11 mm.
c. Mentum toothed; hind angles of thorax sharply rectangular;
length 8-10 mm. LXIII. CRaTAcaNntTHuts.
ce. Mentum not toothed; length less than $.5 mm.
d. First joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second; outer edge
of middle tibize rather flat and with a double row of spinules
closely placed; elytra with one dorsal puncture.
LXIV. AGONODERUS.
dd. First joint of hind tarsi nearly .s long as the next three; middle
tibia with the spinules sparsely placed, in the male curved
and serrate on the inner xide; three rows of dorsal punctures.
LXY. DIscoperts.
LXI. Geoprnvs Lee. 1848. (Gr.. ‘‘earth ~ dirt.’’)
Represented in the United States by one medium-sized robust
species which burrows deeply in damp. sandy localities. The sur-
face is smooth and glabrous. thus favoring its subterranean life. It
may often be taken by snddeniy turning over an old log partly
buried in sand.
320 (1052). GEOPINUS INCRASSATUS Dej.. Spec. IV, 1828, 21.
Oblong, convex. Brownish-yellow; front
and middle of thorax and disk of elytra
often more or less piceous. Thorax one-half
broader than long, gradually narrowed be
hind the middle; base a little narrower than
elytra, region of the hind angles depressed.
Elytra sinuate near apex, stri# moderately
deep, not punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Fig. 93.)
Lake, Laporte, Marion and Vigo coun-
tives: searce. April 23-June 15. Four
. were taken at electric light in Terre
Fig. 93. Line shows natural length Haute on June 2.
LXII. Norwnopus Lee. 1853. (Gr.. ‘‘spurivus — foot.’’)
Represented in the United States by a single rather large, ro-
bust black or piceous beetle. having the outer angle of front tibia
narrowly prolonged and rather deeply sinuate above the tooth. It
oceurs from the Roeky Monntains eastward to Tllinois and rarely to
northern Indiana.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 175
321 (1054). NorHopus crossts Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 430,
ibid. II, 548.
Robust, convex. Black, shining ;
antennz and legs piceous. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, as
wide at base as elytra; basal mar-
gin depressed, especially so in the
region of the hind angles, which are
rectangular; disk sparsely but rath-
er coarsely punctured near base and
apex. Elytral strie fine, not pune-
tured; third, fifth and seventh in-
tervals each with five to eight dis-
tinct seta-bearing punctures. Length
14 mm.; width 7 mm. (Fig. 94.)
Known from Indiana by a
single specimen taken by Wol-
cott on the beach of Lake Michi-
gan, near Pine, Lake County.
July 25. Mr. Wolcott had pre-
viously taken a specimen near
Bloomington, Mlinois. This is Fig. 94. ae grossus Say; a, antenna; b, maxilla
the species usually known as N, 274 palpi; & mandible; d, tarsus. (After LeConte.)
zabroides Lee. Say’s description is, however, sufficient for deter-
mination and has priority.
ty
if
\
LXIIT. Craracanrnus Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘strong +spine.’’)
One medium-sized, oblong, convex beetle represents this genus
in the United States. It occurs about gardens and the borders of
eultivated fields. and is often thrown out by spading and plowing.
It is sometimes attracted by electric light.
822 (1056). CRATACANTHUS DUBIUS Beauy., Ins. d’Amer., 1805, 108.
Oblong, convex. Piceous, glabrous; legs and antennze reddish-brown.
Thorax one-half broader than long; sides broadly curved from apex to be-
hind middle, thence strongly sinuate to base, which is narrower than apex;
basal impressions short, smooth or with a few coarse punctures. Blytral
strie deep, not punctured; intervals slightly convex. Length $-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 14-September 23.
LXIV. Aconoverus Dej. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘without angle +neck.’’)
Small brownish-yellow oblong beetles, having the mentum not
toothed and the front tarsi alike in form in both sexes. Our species
diminish in size in the order given in key. They occur beneath
rubbish about gardens and cultivated fields. Several of them hi-
[12—23402]
1/6 FAMILY IT.—Canabiivcy.
bernate and are on the wing in great uiiubers during the frst
warm days of spring. They are also very common about electric
lights in spring and early summer.
The following papers treat of this genus and two of those which
follow:
LeConte —‘Notes on the Species of Agonoderus, Bradycellus
and Sienolophus inhabiting America North of Mexico,’’ in
Proc. Phil. .\cad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 373-382.
LeConte.——‘‘Synoptie Table,’’? in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soce., VI,
1883, 13, 50, 53.
Five species of Avonoderus have heen taken in Indiana, while
two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGONODERUS.
a. Body stouter and more conyex; thorax transverse, quadrate-oval; hind
angles of thorax strongly rounded; length (.5-S.5 mm.
vb. Pale yellow; two spots on disk of thorax and two stripes on elytra
dark; scutellar stria long; one dorsal puncture. 323. LINEOLA.
bb. Dark brownish-yellow or piceous, narrow margin of thorax and
breader one of elytra pale; scutellar stria shorter; dorsal punc-
tures wanting. INFUSCATUS.
aa. Body more elongate, less convex; thorax scarcely wider than long, more
or less distinctly narrowed behind; elytra with one dorsal puncture.
e, Larger, 5.5-T7 mm.; pale, elytra with a wide black stripe. divided by
the suture; disk of thorax often with a large dusky spot: head
black. 824. PALLIPES.
ce. Smaller, 2.5-4 mm.
d. Head black: scutellar stria distinct.
ce. Thorax pale, without blackish spot; body beneath wholly or in
part dusky.
f. Basal impressions well marked, with a few coarse punctures:
elytra with a broad ill-defined dusky cloud divided by the
sutural interval; thorax dusky beneath. 325, PARTIARIUS,
ff. Basal impressions Jess marked, with few if any punctures:
elytra more or less dusky with suture and margin pale;
thorax pale beneath. 326. PAUPERCULUS.
ec, Thorax with a large blackish spot on disk; elytra blackish with
suture and margin brownish-yellow, INDISTINCTUS.
dd. Tead pale, of the same color as thorax: body beneath yellowish
or reddish-brown; sentellnr stria short or wanting.
327. TESTACEUS.
B28 (1059). AGONODERUS LINEOTA Fab.. Ent. Syst.. 1, 1795. 155.
Oblong, convex. Color as given in key; head with a creseent shaped
black spot; elytral dark stripes separated by the sutural interval. ‘Thorax
one-fourth broader than long, basal depressions small, finely punctured, hind
angles much rounded. Flytra minutely alutaceous: intervals feebly con-
vex. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 177
Lake, Vigo and Kosciusko counties; frequent. April 23-June
9. Probably occurs throughcut the State.
al. infuscatus Dej., 56.5 mm. in length, ranges from New York
southward and has been reported by Dury from Cincinnati.
*324 (1061). AGoNopERUS PALLIPES Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1795, 159.
Oblong, less convex. Color as given in key,
sometimes almost wholly pale; antenne dark red-
dish-brown, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax
with hind margin and shallow basal impressions
finely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Elytra with
deep smooth striae; intervals convex. Length 5-6
mm. (Fig. 95.)
Throughout the State; common. January
21-September 18. Occurs in abundance at
electric lights. The more northern specimens
are larger, 6-7 mm. in length, with head a
deeper black, elytral dark stripe wider and scutellar strie one-half
or more longer. The name comma was eiven them by Fabricius,
and they represent at least a distinct variety.
Fig. 95.
*325 (1062). AGONODERUS PARTIARIUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT.
1823, 90; ibid. IT, 504.
Oblong, subconvex. Antenne brownish, legs pale. Thorax as wide as
long, sides broadly curved; disk convex, median impressed line deep, a few
fine punctures near apex and coarser ones in the basal impressions; hind
angles rounded. WHlytral strive deep; intervals convex. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 5-November 11.
326 (1063). AGONODERUS PAUPERCULUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 453.
Oblong, slender. Reddish-brown; elytra more or less dusky or piceous,
the suture and margins pale. Thorax minutely alutaceous, more narrowed
behind; basal impressions more shallow; disk less convex, without punc-
tures near apex. Elytral stris fine, intervals flat. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-November 30.
A, indistinetus Dej., 34 mm., is recorded from New York and
New Jersey, and also by Dury from near Cincinnati. I have not
geen a specimen from Indiana.
827 (1065). AGONODERUS TESTACEUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 460.
Oblong, subconvex. Uniform reddish-brown above, disk of elytra some-
times with a faint dusky cloud; antenne dusky, basal joints and legs pale
yellow. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly curved, hind angles much
rounded ; basil impressians faint with a few large punctures ; disk conven,
sparsely punctate near apex, median line deep. Scutellar stria of elytra
punctiform. Length 2.5-3 mm.
178 FAMILY ITI.—CARABIDM.
Dubois, Crawford and Jennings counties; scarce. May 1-
May 17.
LXV. Discoperus Lec., 1853. (Gr., ‘‘disk + neck.’’)
Oblong black or piceous beetles, of small or medium size, having
the basal joint of hind tarsi elongate and the second, fifth and sev-
enth dorsal stris cach with a number of small dorsal punctures.
The males have but one bristle-bearing puncture on each side of the
last ventral segment, while the females have two. The genus is
treated by: —
Horn.—-In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe., VI, 1883, 52.
One species occurs in Indiana.
328 (1067). DIScopERUS PARALLELUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1842, 301.
Elongate-oblopg. Black, subopaque, finely alutaceous; antenne pale
reddish-brown; under surface and legs piceous. ‘Thorax as broad as long.
slightly narrower at apex than base; disk strongly convex, side margin
narrowly depressed toward the base and with numerous minute punctures;
hind angles rounded. Elytral strise rather deep, intervals convex. Length
7-7.5 mm.
Putnam and Marion counties; rare. September 7—October 1.
Subtribe B. (Harpatt.)
To this group Horn ascribes eight genera, seven of which are
represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GROUP B.
a. Antenne with only two basal joints glabrous.
b. Tast joint of labial palpi shorter than the preceding, the latter with
a number of setze in front.
c. Front tarsi dilated in both sexes, the first joint only in the female;
body not pedunculate. LXYVI. GyYNANDROPUS.
ce. Front tarsi dilated in the male only.
d. Elytra with at most one dorsal puncture; first joint of hind tar-
sus not longer than the two following. LXVII. Harpatts,
dd. Elytra with three rows of dorsal punctures; first joint of hind
tarsus equal to the next three; length 5-10 mm.
LXNVIII. SeELrenopHortvs.
bo. Last joint of labial palpi equal to or even a little longer than the
preceding, the latter with only two sete.
c. Next to last joint of front and middle tarsi of male bilobed ; iniddle
tarsi dilated: length less than S mm. LXIX. STENOLOPHUS.
ec, Next to last joint simply emarginate; middle tarsi of male not or
very feebly dilated.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 179
f. Mentum not toothed; elytra frequently with several dorsal punc-
tures; length less than 3.5 mm. LXX. ACcUPALPUS.
ff. Mentum toothed; elytra with a single dorsal puncture; length
4.5-5.5 mm. LXXI. BRradyYcELLus.
aa. Antenne with three basal joints glabrous; mentum toothed; middle
tarsi of males with two rows of small scales beneath; length 5.5--
+ mm. LXXII. TACHYCELLUS.
LNVIL Gyxanpropus Dej. 1825. (Gr.. ‘fof doubtful sex + feet.’’)
Small oblong black beetles having the first joint of front tarsi
of males almost as long as the next two. One species occurs in In-
diana.
329 (1074). GyNANDROPUS HYLACIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., II, 1823,
31; ibid. II, 459.
Elongate, rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining ; antennz and
legs pale, the former dusky toward apex. Thorax convex, as long as wide.
narrower at base than elytra, widest at middle. sides broadly curved; basal
depressions distinct. coarsely punctured; hind angles obtuse. Elytral strire
moderately deep. the second, fifth and seventh each with a number of fine
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm.
Starke, Marion, Putnam, Jackson and Dubois counties; scarce.
Mareh 31-November 23. Oceurs beneath bark.
LXVII. Harpatrs Lat. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘greedy.’’)
Large or medium-sized beetles, usually oblong in form and
rather tlat, having the thorax nearly square; elytral striz not punc-
tured; first joint of hind tarsi never longer than the next two. The
males have the first four joints of the front and middle tarsi di-
lated, the dilated joints scaly beneath. They occur beneath logs
and rubbish, most commonly about the margin of cultivated fields,
and for the most part are considered beneficial, though the largest
and one of the most common, JH. caliginosus, is a seed eater and it is
claimed feeds largely upon clover and grass seeds. In 19 specimens
dissected by Dr. Forbes, only about 12 per cent. of the food was of
animal origin, principally caterpillars and ants, while seeds and
other tissues of grasses made up 14 per cent. The only paper treat-
ing of the genus is by
Li Conte.—‘ Notes on the Species of Harpalus Inhabiting Amer-
ica North of Mexico,’’ in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 1865,
98-104.
The genus is a Jarge one, about 45 species being known from the
United States. Of these 17 have been taken in Indiana, while eight
others perhaps occur. For convenience the Indiana species may
be divided into two groups;
180 FAVWILY I1.—CARABID.E,
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA HARPALUS.
a. Elytra without a dorsal puncture on the third interval. Group Al.
aa. Elytra with a small dorsal puncture on the third interval behind the
mniddle and near the second stria. Group B.
Group <A.
To this group as defined above belong our largest and most
common species. In the kevs which fellow the ‘‘accessory sete”’
refer to long bristles located about midway between the ambula-
torial set and the side of the abdomen.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
du. Hlytra distinctly. sometimes deeply. sinuate at tip; abdomen without
accessory setze.
b. Color above not (or very rarely) black or piceous; thorax distinctly
narrower behind the middle; elytra deeply sinuate, outer angle
acute in female.
ce. Pale reddish-brown above, elytra often darker; body elongate:
length 14 or more. 330. ERRATICTS.
ce. Metallic green or coppery (very rarely black); length 9.5-10 mm.
VIRIDL.ENEUS.
bb. Uniform black, piceous or dark reddish-brown above; elytra much
less deeply sinuate, the outer angle not acute in female.
d. Mentum not toothed: legs black; length 21-25 mm.
Bal. CALIGINSUS.
dd. Mentum toothed; legs and antennze reddish-brown.
e. Uniform piceous or dark brownish-red above; therax nearly
square, its side margins depressed, scarcely wider behind.
f. Intervals of elytra more or less convex: sides of thorax feebly
rounded: length 12.5 mm. 382. PAUNUS.
ff. Intervals flat; sides of thorax more rounded in front; length
10.5-12 min. 333. CONVIVUS.
ce. Uniform black above.
g. All the intervals of elytra of female densely pun: tate; in male
those on sides only; length 18.5-15 mm. 3384. VAGANS.
gg. Diseal intervals of elytra of female not or sparingly punctate.
h. Thorax slightly narrowed in front, not narrowed behind:
region of the basal angles strongly depressed, densely punc-
tate. 3385. PENNSYLVANICUS.
hh. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, not narrowed in front;
region of the basal angles feebly depressed.
i. Larger, 18.5-16 mm.
j. Thorax one-third or more broader than long: sides of
elytra not punetulate. 356. COMPAR.
jj. Thorax nearly as long as broad: sides of elytra finely
punetulate. S87. LONGIOR.
i. Sinaller, 10.5 -12 nim. margin of therax narrowly reddish-
brown, translucent. 83S. ERY THROPUS.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 18]
vd. Bilytra very slightly or not at all sinuate at tip; abdomen with accessory
sete on sides, arising from distinct punctures; mentum tooth entirely
wanting ; body oblong-oval; color uniform pale brownish-yellow. ;
339. TESTACEUS.
330 (1079). Harpatcs Erraticus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
27; ibid. II, 455.
Elongate, parallel. Reddish-brown above; under surface and legs red-
dish-yellow. Thorax slightly broader than long, basal impressions broad,
shallow, rather closely and finely punctate; hind angles obtuse, slightly
rounded. Elytra very deeply sinuate at tip, outer angle of sinuation acute
and toothed in female; striz deep; intervals convex. Length 14.5-18 mm.
Throughout the State in sandy localities; frequent. April 10-
October 25. Sometimes taken at electric light.
H. viridicenus Beauv., has been taken by Wolcott and others
along the beach of Lake Michigan at Chicago. It undoubtedly oc-
curs in Lake and Porter counties, but no authentic Indiana speci-
men is at hand.
381 (10883). HARPALUS CALIGINOSUS Fab., Syst. El., I, 1801, 188.
Elongate, robust. Black; antennze and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax
broader than long, as broad at base as elytra, narrower in front; basal
impressions broad, shallow, densely and finely rugose-punctate; hind angles
rectangular. Elytra deeply striate; intervals moderately convex. Length
21-25 mm. (Fig. 79.)
One of the most common of our large beetles. Occurs every-
where throughout the State and sometimes attracted hy thousands
to the electric lights of the larger cities. One of these swarms oc-
eurred in Indianapolis June 14, 1900. Often seen roaming about
in daytime in stubble and cornfields, and in early autumn feeding
upon the seeds of ragweed. The female of a pair in copulation was
noted so feeding September 16. She removed, bit into and de-
voured a seed kernel every 40 seconds, this being the average time
during fifteen minutes’ observation. April 6-November 21.
332 (1084). HarpaLts FAUNUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1828, 28,
ibid. II, 457.
Oblong, parallel. Uniform dark reddish-brown; antenne and legs pale.
Thorax as broad as long, sides feebly rounded; basal impressions broad,
shallow, distinctly punctured, the punctures extending across the base.
Elytral striz moderately deep, intervals alutaceous, the fifth and seventh,
and sometimes the apical portion of the third with a row of dorsal punc-
tures in the female. TLength 11-12 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 26-September 20.
383 (1085). HarpaLus convivus Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1865, 102.
Slightly smaller and more narrow than fawnus, which it resembles
bet
h
le
FAMILY II.—CARABID-E.
closely in color and structure. Thorax more rounded on the sides in front,
distinctly transverse. very slightly narrowed behind and with deeper basal
impressions. Length 10.5-11.5 mm.
Marion, Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. May 20-Novem-
ber 8.
3384 (108G). HaRPALUs vacaxs Lec.. Prov. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. 1865. 102.
Elongate-oblong. Blackish-piceous: antenne. palpi and legs reddish-
brown; under surface reddish-yellow. Therax slightly broader than long,
feebly narrowed behind the middle, hind angles obtuse: basal impressions
shallow, rather bread. ill defined. densely and finely punctate. Elytral striz
shallow; intervals strongly alutaceous, flat. densely and finely punctate in
the female; subconvex. the fifth to eighth sparsely punctate in the male.
Length 13.5-14.5 mm.
Southern two-thirds of the State; scarce. April 6-October 17.
The females of this species are easily recognized. The males can
be told from those of pennsylvanicus by the thorax being narrowed
behind, and from those of compar. which they closely resemble. by
the punctures of fifth to eighth intervals.
*335 (10ST). HARPALUS PENNSYLYANICUS Dej.. Spec. IV, 1828. 108.
Obleng-robust, subparallel. Black, moder-
ately shining; antennze and legs reddish-yel-
low; under surface dark reddish-brown tv
piceous. Thorax broader than long, sides
gradually curved, base as wide as elytra.
hind angles obtuse; margin in front of the
angles depressed and, together with the large
basal impressions, densely and finely pune-
tate. Elytral strize moderately deep; inter-
vals convex. alutaceous. the fifth to eighth
with numerous small punctures in female.
very sparsely punctate in male. Length 13-15.5 mm. (Fig. 96.)
Fig. 96. (After Riley.)
Common throughout the State. February 6—October 10, Often
seen at electric lights. Feeds on ragweed and other seeds and alse
on caterpillars. ete.
336 (1087a). Harparts compar Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1N48. 205.
Resembles pennsylvanicus but distinguished by characters given in key.
Thorax quadrate, broader in proportion to its length (5.5x4 mm.), much
less depressed in regicn of hind angles; elytral intervals alutacecus. 3 to §
not punctate in either sex. Length 14-16.5 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 9-October 17. This
and the next two are listed by Henshaw and others as varieties of
pennsylvaricus, hut in my opinien are valid species: the separating
THE GROUND BEETLES. 183
characters. when once recognized, being more evident than in many
of the species of Bembidium, Chieuius and other genera of the
family.
387 (1087b). Harparts roxcior Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1838, 48.
Elongate, narrower than the two preceding. Thorax about as long as
broad (4x4 mm.), gradually narrower behind the middle, distinctly nar-
rower at base than in compar; hind angles obtuse; basal impressions wide,
shallow, densely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, intervals of male subconvex,
the fifth to eighth finely and sparsely punctate. Length 13.5-15 mm.
Marion, Vigo and Floyd counties; scarce. June 2—Septem-
ber 11.
3388 (1087c). HaARPALUS ERYTHROPUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 258.
Oblong. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed behind, sides feebly
curved, hind angles but little rounded; basal impressions broad, shallow,
finely and densely punctate. Elytral intervals alutaceous, not punctate.
Length 10.5-12 mm.
Southern half of State, ccmmon; less so northward. April 27-
October 5. A pair were taken mating on September 29.
339 (1119). Harpatts TEsTaceus Lee., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853,
385.
Oblong-oval. Color given in key. Thorax one-half broader than long,
sides feebly curved to behind the middle, thence sinuate to base; margin
rather broad, depressed, with a row of punctures; hind angles rectangular,
basal impressions small, sparingly punctate. Elytral strive deep; intervals
convex. Length 10-10.5 mm.
Starke and Posey counties; scarce. August 23-September 19.
Occurs in sandy loealities. The hind angles are more prominent
than in any other species of Harpalus.
Group B.
The species of this group average much smaller than those of
Group A.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Elytra obliquely but distinctly sinuate at tip; abdomen without ac-
cessory sete.
b. Bicolored above; bead and thorax reddish-brown, elytra black or
piceous.
ec. Thorax scarcely narrowed behind; basal depressions shallow, finely
punctured. 340. DICHROUS.
cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind; basal impressions deeper, more
eoarsely punctured. 341. VULPECULUS.
bb. Uniform black or piceous above.
d, Legs reddish-brown; extreme margin of thorax pale.
jst FAWILY TI.—CARABIDE.
«. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind, sides not depressed, base not
punctured ; elytra not alutaceous.
f. Length 9.5-10 mm. SPADICEUS.
ff. Length 7.5-8 mm. 342. AUTUMNALIS.
ee. Thorax not narrowed behind.
gy. Body oblong-oval; thorax not distinctly narrowed in front.
h. Hind angles of thorax obtuse or but very slightly rounded.
i. Base of thorax finely punctured; length $.5-10.5 mm.
FALLAX.
ii. Base coarsely punctured; epipleura reddish-brown : length
7.5-10 mm. PLEURITICUS.
ih, Hind angles distinctly rounded: thorax one-half wider than
long; length 8-10 mm. 343. HERBIVAGUS.
gg. Body nearly elliptical; thorax narrowed in front.
j. Blytra alutaceous; sides of thorax feebly depressed ; length
8.5 mm. OPACIPENNIS.
jj. Elytra not alutaceous; sides of thorax not depressed ; length
6—7.5 mm. 344. NITIDULUS.
dd. Legs. or at least the femora, black or piceous; margin of thorax
not paler.
k. Ilead decidedly narrower than thorax.
1. Thorax not much wider than long; tibiz and tarsi reddish-
brown; length 9-9.5 mim. INNOCUUS.
UW. Thorax distinctly wider than long: legs wholly black: length
10-11.5 mm. RUFIMANUS,
kk. Head very large. scarcely narrower than thorax.
m. Sides of thorax distinctly depressed, hind angles rectangular :
length 12-14 mm. Dia. LATICEPS,
mm. Sides of thorax net depressed, hind angles rounded at apex:
length 138-14 mim. 346. viptts.
ad. Elytra very slightly sinuate at apex; abdomen with accessory sete:
piceous, thorax and elytra greenish-bronzed. GRAVIS.
340 (1076). HaARrPALts picHrovus Dej., Spec. TV, 1828. 25s.
Oblong-oval. Color given in key; elytra strongly iridescent; antenne
and legs pale. Thorax broader than long; sides brondly rounded. rather
widely depressed; hind angles obtuse, somewhat rounded; base finely punc-
tured. Elytral strive deep; intervals convex. Length 10-11 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 26-November 20. Oc-
curs beneath logs in dry. open woods. Due to its iridescence and bi-
colored upper surface, this ix the prettiest member of the genus.
341 (1077). Harpanus vuLpect rts Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT, 1828.
30; ibid. T1, 458, 544.
Oblong-oval. Color of dichrous, the elytva usually paler and less irides-
cent. Thorax broader than long, sides rounded in front, oblique snd dis-
tinelly converging behind: hind angles rectangular. Elytral strise moder
ately deep: intervals convex, Length 8.5-9.5 man,
THK GROUND BLS. 185
Throughout the State; Frequent in the southern counties, less
so northward. April 10-September 6.
H. spadiceus Dej. is said to oceur from New Jersey westward.
342 (1078). HarpaLus avrumNnauis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
48; ibid. II, 473.
Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining; antenne, legs and narrow edge
of thorax reddish-brown. Thorax nearly square, sides feebly curved to be-
hind middle, thence straight and converging to base; hind angles obtuse;
basal impressions distinct, small, narrow. Elytral striz fine; intervals flat.
Length 7.5-8 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; searce. May 11-May 26.
Oceurs on high dry hills. Resembles herbivagus but smaller, more
shining and with basal impressions of thorax deeper and more
narrow.
H. fallax Lee. and H. pleuriticus Kirby are both recorded as oc-
eurring from ‘‘New York, New Jersey and westward.’’ The last-
named is a boreal species and if found in Indiana it will probably
be in the northern counties.
343 (1094). HArRPALUS HERBIVAGUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
29; ibid. II, 457.
Oblong-oval. Black or piceous; narrow margin of thorax and elytra
reddish, translucent; under surface piceous; antennze and legs reddish-
brown. Thorax one-half wider than long; basal impressions rather shal-
low, ill-defined, sparsely and finely puiuctured; region of hind angles slightly
depressed. Elytra alutaceous, the strive shallow; intervals feebly convex.
Length 8-10 mim.
Throughout the State; common. April 1-October 21.
HT. opacipennis Wald. is reeorded as occurring from Pennsyl-
vania to Kansas.
344 (1098). HARPALUS NITIDULUS Chaud., Bull. Mose., IV, 1843, 78S.
Elliptical. Piceous, strongly shining both above and beneath; narrow
margin of thorax reddish; antennze and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quad-
rate, slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded ;
basal depressions very small and shallow, not punctured. Hlytral strize
rather deep; intervals slightly convex. Tength 5.5-7 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. April 11-July 2.
H. innocwus Lec., and H. rufimanus Lec. are both boreal species,
deseribed from Lake Superior and since taken in New York and
Pennsylvania, which may occur in northern Indiana.
*345 (1107). HarpaLus LATICEPS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 208.
Oblong-oval, robust. Black, shining; antenne and tarsi reddish-brown,
tibixe piceous. Thorax one-third broader than long, as broad at base as ely-
186 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.N.
tra, hind angles rectangular ; basal impressions distinct, rather broad, finely
and sparsely ‘punctured. Elytral stris very fine; intervals flat, minutely
alutaceous. Length 12-15 mm.
Franklin, Monroe and Vigo counties; scarce. May 8-December
18.* Readily known by the black legs and broad head. Occurs in
sandy upland woods.
346 (1108). HarpaLus vipuus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 103.
Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining; antennze and tarsi dark red-
dish-brown. Resembles laticeps, but the head is not quite so broad, the
hind angles of thorax are more rounded and the basal impressions more
narrow and deeper. Length 13 mm.
Known from Indiana by two specimens taken in Vigo and Parke
counties. May 13-May 24. Described from Rock Island, Illinois.
H. gravis Lec., 9 mm. in length, was described from Texas and
has been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati.
LXVIII. SeLenopHorus Dej. 1826. (Gr., ‘‘moon or light + bear-
ing.’’)
Small oblong or oval, black or piceous beetles, closely resembling
the smaller forms of Harpalus hut differing by having three rows
of dorsal punctures, situated on the second, fifth and seventh elvtral
strie. The males have the front and middle tarsi moderately di-
lated, with two rows of scale-like papille on the first four joints.
They occur, for the most part, in sandy or dry localities. Four
species have been taken in Indiana, while one other perhaps occurs.
The literature treating of the genus is as follows:
Horn.—‘‘ Critical Notes on the Species of Selenophorus of the
United States,’’ in Proce. Amer. Phil. Soc., NIX, 1880, 178.
Horn.—‘Synoptie Table,’’ in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soe., V, 1882, 8.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SELENOPHORUS.
«a, Prosternum obtuse at tip, not margined.
b. Upper surface with a bronzed lustre; elytral punctures very small,
the intervals smooth; length 5-6.5 mm. B47. PEDICULARIUS.
bb. Upper surface black, more or less iridescent.
ce. Thorax as wide or wider at base than apex.
d. Outer interval not punctulate; length 7.5 mm. 348. GAGATINUS.
dd. Outer interval of elytra finely punctulate; length 9-10 mm.
349. OPALINUS.
cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed at base, hind angles obtuse; marginal
interval punctulate; length 6.5 mm. IRIPENNIS.
aa. Prosternum horizontal, tip slightly prolonged and margined; thoray
broader at base than apex, its sides nearly regularly curved.
350. ELLIPTICUS.
* The H. montanus of my paper, “The Winter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana,” Psyche, Feb., 1896 339.
THI GROUND BELLS. 187
847 (1125). SELENoPHORUS PEDICULARIUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 100.
Oblong-oval. Piceous, shining, surface bronzed; antenne dusky, the
basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader at
base than apex; sides curved, hind angles obtuse, basal impressions scarcely
distinct. Elytra alutaceous, finely striate; intervals flat, smooth, the outer
one punctulate; apex feebly sinuate. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 5-August 17.
348 (1130). SELENoPHORUS GAGATINUS Déj., Spec. IV, 1828, 112.
Oblong. Black, iridescent; femora piceous; antennz, tibise and tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader than long; margin very
narrow, not translucent; hind angles obtusely rounded; basal depressions
evident but shallow, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
than thorax, the punctures scarcely visible; intervals slightly convex. Length
7.5 mm.
Crawford County; scarce. May 16. Occurs beneath stones on
high, dry hills.
3849 (11381). SrLENOPHORUS OPALINUS Lec., List Col. N. Amer., 1863, 13.
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly iridescent; antennze and legs reddish-yel-
low. ‘Thorax one-third broader than long, base as wide as apex, sides feebly
curved; margin narrowly flattened and translucent; basal impressions obso-
lete, the base finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate;
intervals feebly convex, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 16-July 25. Our
largest species. Occurs beneath bark.
S. iripennis Say is known from Mlinois, Georgia and Texas, and
probably occurs in southern Indiana.
350 (1184). SELENOPHORUS ELLIPTICUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 108.
Oblong-oval or elliptical. Black, subopaque, alutaceous; antenns and
legs reddish-yellow. Thorax as wide as elytra, their margins nearly con-
tinuous; hind angles rectangular, basal impressions indistinct. Elytra finely
striate; intervals flat or nearly so, the dorsal punctures very small. Length
5-6 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 21-
September 10. Occurs beneath cover in sandy localities.
LXIX. Srenotopuus Dej. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘narrow +neck.’’)
Small brownish or piceous oblong beetles having the elytral
strie not punctate; third interval with a small dorsal puncture be-
hind the middle and very close to the second stria; front and middle
tarsi of males as in Selenophorus. For literature treating of the
genus see above under Agonoderus. Our species hibernate beneath
188 FAMILY II.—CARABID..
logs aud rubbish in dry or sandy places, and some of (hem are very
common on the wing during the first warm days of March or April.
Six species and one variety have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENOLOPHUS.
a. Thorax but little narrower than elytra; body stout; front and middle
tarsi of male broadly dilated.
b. Sides of thorax broadly flattened, scarcely reflexed; black, feebly
shining; length 7-7.5 mm. 351. CARBONARIL 8S.
bb. Sides of thorax narrowly margined, the margins not reflexed.
c. Basal impressions of thorax broad and shallow; black, shining.
elytra piceous or brownish-yellow, slightly iridescent; length 7-
7.5 mm. 352. FULIGLINOSUS.
ce, Basal impressions of thorax small, rounded, not or very sparingly
punctured.
d. Thorax with disk distinctly black or piceous, the margin reddish-
brown; length 5 or more mm.
ec. Pale margin of thorax narrow; elytra wholly black.
353. PLEBEIUS.
ee. Pale margin of thorax broader; elytra dull reddish-brown, the
tips darker. : 353a, var. FUSCATUS
dd. Thorax either uniform reddish-brown or piceous, without distinct
blackish discal spot; length not over 4.5 mm.
354. CONJUNCTUS.
aa. Thorax distinctly narvewer than elytra; body more slender; front tarsi
of male moderately dilated, fourth joint deeply bilobed.
f. Thorax and elytra black or piceous, with narrow paler margin; su-
tural stria long, joining the first dorsal. 355. OCHROPEZUS.
ff. Thorax brownish-yellow ; elytra iridescent black with brownish-yel-
low side margins; sutural stria short, not joining first dorsal.
DISSIMILIS.
351 (1135). STENOLOPHUS CARBONARIUS Dej., Sp. Gen., LV, 1828, 398.
Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining; first joint of antenn, tibie
and tarsi brownish. Thorax as broad at middle as elytra; sides rounded
into base; margins flattened, especially near hind angles; basal impressions
broad, shallow, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, the su-
tural stria long, the others deep. Length 7-7.5 mim.
Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris near a
hillside spring.
352 (1188). STENOLOPHUS FULIGINOSUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 423.
Oblong-oval. Color given in key; tarsi, base of antennz and narrow
margin of thorax brownish-yellow ; femora and greater portion of antenne
darker. Thorax subquadrate; as long as broad, hind angles broadly rounded.
Elytral strie rather deep; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Huibernates. January 1—-Oc-
tober 21.
cops
THE GROUND BEETLES. 189
853 (1189). SrenofopHes PLEBEIUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 424.
Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining; legs.
base of antenne and narrow margin of thorax
hrownish-yellow. Thorax feebly narrowed behind ;
basal impressions small, rounded, each with but
two or three punctures; hind angles strongly
rounded. Elytra with sutural stria fine, short.
Gblique, not joining the first dorsal. Length 4.5 -
omm. (Pig. 97.)
Southern half of State; scarce. March 21- ~
August 17. Closely resembles ochropezus, but — Mis. 97. x 6 (Original.
readily distinguished hy the comparatively broader thorax and
different sutural stria.
353a (——). STENOLOPHLS PLEBEJUS FUSCATUS Dej., Sp. IV, 1828, 426.
A distinct variety of plcbcjus having the disk of thovax black, with
broad, pale margins; elytra dull red, the tips irregularly fuscous. Basal
impressions of thorax deeper and without punctures. Length 5.5 mm.
Lake County; frequent, beneath rubbish along the beach of
Lake Michigan. April 29-May 14.
*354 (1140). STENOLOPHUS coNJUNCTUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., IT,
1823. 90; ibid. II, 504.
Oblong. VPiceous, shining; legs and base of antenne reddish-brown.
Thorax broader than long, the sides broadly rounded into base, so that hind
angles are wanting. Elytral strise fine; intervals flat. Length 3.54.5 min.
Throughout the State; common, especially in sandy localities.
Hibernates. Abundant on the wing in early spring and at electric
lights. February 6-Decemhber 3. The smaller size and uniform
color cf thorax readily distinguish this species.
"855 (1145). STENOLOPHUS OCHROPEZUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IL,
svn, 54; ibid. IT, 47s.
Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Black or pice-
ous, the elytra often iridescent; legs and base
of antennee pale. ‘Thorax scarcely wider than
long, convex ; hind angles obtuse, rounded; bas.
impressions broad, shallow, sparsely but distinct-
ly punctured. FElytral strive rather deep, es-
pecially toward the tip; intervals flat. Length
55 Gmm. (Fig. 98.)
Throughout the State; common. Hiber-
nates. -Tannary 7- October 17. The su-
tural siria of elytra is longer and deeper
Wig. 98. <6. (Waginald than in the other speeies,
190 FAMILY If.—CARABIDA.
356 (1146). STENOLOPHTS DISSIMILIS Dej., Spec. IV, 1824, 424.
Resembles the preceding. Readily distinguished by the black head.
yellow thorax and black and yellow elytra. Thorax with narrower margin
and more rounded hind angles. Length 6-7 mm.
Posey County; rare. November 8.
LXX. <Acvupatpcs Latr. (Gr.. ‘‘slender + palpus.’’)
Very small cbhlong black or piceous beetles. distinguished from
Stenolophus, with which they were formerly grouped, by the char-
acters given in generic key. The last joint of the labial palpi is
rather stoutly oval. but slender at tip. whence the generic name.
For literature sce:
LeConte—In Proc, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1863. 377-378.
Horn.—In Bull, Brook. Entom. Soe., VI, 1583. 15.
Two of the five known species have been taken in Indiana. They
have but one dorsal puncture, as usual, on the second stria; hind
angles of thorax obtuse. somewhat rounded; frontal suture more
distinet than in the other forms.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACUPALPUS,
a. Head brownish, scarcely narrower than thorax and almost as long; eyes
small; elytra oval. 3571. HYDROPICUS.
aa. Head black or piceous, distinctly narrower than thorax; eyes larger,
more prominent; elytra oblong-oval, iridescent. B05. CARTS.
257 (1149). AcUpaLpts HypRoPIcts Lec., N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1865, 17.
Oblong-oval. convex. Head and thorax dark brown, strongly sane’
elytra piceous. the suture and narrow margins paler; antennz and legs dull
yellow. Thorax trapezoidal, a little broader than long. narrowed behind.
rounded on the sides only before the middle; basal impressions broad, dis-
tinct, sparsely punctured. Elytral strim rather deep; intervals subconvex.
Length 3 mm.
Starke and Marshall counties: scarce. May 20-June 16.
BOS (1150). ACUPALPUs carus Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.. I, 1863. 18.
Elongate-oval. subconvex. Thorax either dusky yellow or piceous; ely-
tra piceous. iridescent; antennie dusky. the basal joints and legs pale.
Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long; sides feebly curved from
apex to base; hind angles rvuunded; basal impressions rather deep, obso-
letely punctate. Elytral strie fine; intervals flat. Length 2.5-8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Mareh 26-October 17. Oc-
curs beneath bark and stones in damp localities. Easily distin-
guished from hidropicus by the narrewer head. dusky antenne and
less narrowed base of thorax.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 191
LXXI. Brapycenuvs Er. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘slow + footed.’’)
Small brown or piceous bettles known from allied genera by the
mentum bearing a rather large acute tooth. The elytra are
obliquely but feebly sinuate at tip and the second strie bears a
dorsal puncture behind the middle. Two species have been taken
in Indiana, while three others perhaps oceur. For literature see
above under Agonoderus.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRADYCELLUS.
a. Form very elongate; thorax with a deep marginal line, its basal impres-
sions long and deep; middle tarsi of male with small scales beneath.
359. LINEARIS.
aa. Form much less elongate; thoracic margin narrow; basal impressions
short, not deep; middle tarsi of male without scales.
b. Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded, scarcely punctured; length
3.2 mm. NEGLECTUS.
ob. Hind angles of thorax distinct.
¢. Thorax without punctures near the hind angles; length 5 mm.
CORDICOLLIS.
ee, Thorax distinctly punctured.
@d. Basal impressions broad, shallow, strongly punctured; sides
obliquely subsinuate near base; length 4.8 mm.
360. RUPESTRIS.
dd. Basal impressions broad, sparsely punctured; sides scarcely sin-
uate near base; length 3 mm. TANTILLUS.
359 (1154). BrabdycELLus LINEARIS Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 16.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, the
margins usually paler; antennewe reddish-brown, the two basal joints and
legs dull yellow. Eyes very small. Thorax much longer than wide, sides
curved in front, sinuate behind the middle; base distinctly narrower than
apex; disk with a deep entire median impressed line, a number of coarse
punctures near apex and in the basal impressions; hind angles rectangular.
Elytra at base wider than thorax, long and parallel; strie deep, the scu-
tellar one represented by a large puncture; intervals convex. Length 5-
5.5 mm.
Knox County; rare. April 20. In form of body and general
appearance it resembles a small Pterostichus.
B. neglectus Lec., black or piceous with legs and antenne pale,
and B. cordicollis Lec., black with legs pale, are both boreal species
which may occur in northern Indiana. B. tuntillus Dej., black or
piceous with pale legs and antenne, may also oceur in the State,
| 13-—23402]
192 EAMELA TJs-—CARABID.E.
*360 (1158). BBaDYCELLUS RUPESTRIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc... IT, 1525.
91; ibid. II. 505. 547.
a Oblong. slender. Reddish-brown. shining; the
head and disk of elytra usually piceous: an-
tenn dusky, the two basal joints and legs pale.
Thorax wider than long. narrowed behind the
middle; basal impressions broad. shallow, conrse-
Elytral strie deep: intervals convex. Length
45-5 mm. (Fig. 99.)
Throughout the State: common. Janu-
ary 6-Octoher 5. On the wing with the
Fig. 99. x 64. (Original) = species of Aqonoderus in early spring.
LNNIT. Tacuycettrs Moraw. 1562. (Gr.. ‘‘swift + footed.’’:
Small oblong brownish or piceous beetles. differing from allied
genera in having three joints of the antennz smooth. The joints
may not be entirely hairless. but lack the fine pubescence covering
those which follow. Beth the front and middle tarsi of the males
have two rows of small scales (squamules) beneath; body through-
out glabrous: elytra normally striate and with a single dorsal punc-
ture. Three species have been taken in Indiana. while a fourth
perhaps occurs. They were included with Bradycellus by LeConte
in his paper cited under Agonodervs. The following is the latest
paper on the genus:
Fall. HW. C_—*On the Affinities of the Genus Tachyeellus.”” in
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe. XTIT. 1995. 169-178.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYCELLTS.
a, Antenne with two glabrous joints. the third pubescent on apical half:
upper surface wholly black. 361. NIGRINTS.
ga, Antenne with three basal joints wholly glabrous.
4. Hind angles of thorax rectangular.
e. Thorax wider at base than long. its color piceous with a very nar-
row pale edge. KIRBYI.
cc, Thorax not wider at base than long. dull yellow with a large cen-
tral piceous spot. 262. ATRIMEDIUS
bb. Thorax with hind angles obtuse. its color as in kirbyi.
363, BADITPENN!s.
361 (1164). TactyceLnts NtTGRINUS Dej.. Spee. Gen. IV. ises. 399.
Oblong. Black. shiniue: upper part of tibia and first joint of antenne
reddish-yellow. Thorax about as wide as long. broadest in front of middle:
sides vearly parallel frem a little behind the middle ta base: hind anyles
rectangular: disk with the front transverse impression distinet. strougly
ansulate. the basal impressions linear. deep. staooth or scuteely punedired.
Length 5.5 1.5 min.
ly punctured; hind angles distinct but obtuse.’
THE GROUND BEETLES. 193
Lake County: rare. lune 2. A single specimen taken by Wol-
cott near Indiana Harbor. The thorax is less narrowed behind
than in the other two species. Previously recorded from *‘ Alaska,
Lake Superior, New Mexico and Northern California.’
T. kirbyi Horn, 6 mm. in length, piceous, with base and sides of
elytra paler and hind angles acutely veetangular, is known from
Ontario and Ohio.
*362 (1166). TacuyceLLus aTrimMepIus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1828, 39; ibid. II, 466.
Elongate-oblong. Pale reddish-brown above, black beneath; head and
disk of thorax black; disk of elytra with an ill-defined blackish or piceous
cloud; legs and three basal joints of antenne dull yellow. Thorax sub-
quadrate, distinctly narrowed behind the middle, not wider at base than
long; basal impressions broad, rather shallow, coarsely punctured. Elytral
stri:e rather deep; intervals subconvex. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 1—October 5.
*303 (1168). TAcHYCELLUS BADIIPENNIS Huald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
I, 1842, 302.
Hlongate-oblong, rather slender. Head and thorax black; antenne and
elytra piceous; legs, basal joints of antennze and edge of thorax dull yellow,
femora and tips of tibiz often darker. Thorax about as long as broad;
sides regularly rounded from apex into base; basal depressions deep, nar-
row, sparsely punctured. Elytral strise fine; intervals flat. Length 5.5-
6.5 nom.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 24—Deeeinber 7.
Subtribe C. (ANtsopActyLt.)
This group comprises the single genus:
LX XIII. Antsopacrytus Dej., 1829. (Gr., ‘‘unequal-toed.’’)
A large genus of medium sized black, brownish or piceous beetles
having the dilated joints of the tarsi of male spongy pubescent in-
stead of scaly beneath. They occur in various situations, the ma-
jority being found in dry, upland, open woods, beneath logs and
other cover. A number of our species hibernate and some of them
are very common at electric light. Of 31 specimens dissected by
Dr. Forbes, 21 per cent. of the stomach content was found to be of
animal, and 79 per cent. of vegetable origin, mainly seeds, pollen of
grasses, etc., so that it is very doubtful if this genus can be classed
among the beneficial Carabide. The papers treating of the genus
are as follows:
194 PAMILY II.—CARABID®.
Torn —‘ A Review of the Species of Anisodactylus Inhabiting
the United States."" 7» Proce. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIX, 1880.
162-178.
Horn.—* Synoptie Table.’’ in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., III, 1881,
83.
About 42 species are known from the United States. 19 of which
have been taken in Indiana. while one other may oceur. For con-
venience the Indiana species are separated into three groups or sub-
vonera,
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISODACTYLUS.
aa. Lerminal spur of front tibie: normal, slender; species hairy or glabrous.
a. Terminal spur of front tibize abnormal, either trifid or dilated at middle.
vb. Terminal spur trifid. i. e, with a blunt tooth each side near base;
species glabrous. Group A.
bb. Terminal spur dilated at middle, without teeth at base; species
usually glabrous. Group B.
Group C.
Group A. (TRIPLECTUs.)
Oblong-oval species haying the hind tarsi slender, as long as
the tibia, the first joint as long as the next two. the fourth emargi-
rate; elytra striate. intervals smooth, the third with one or more
dorsal punctures; tips distmetly sinuate. But two species of this
croup have been taken, though another may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Prosternum at middle smooth, not pubescent; clypeus with one bristle-
bearing puncture on each side.
vb. Surface shining. black; legs black. DULCICOLLIS.
bb. Surface opaque, distinctly alutaceous: thorax narrowed from base
to apex, widest at base. SG4. RUSTICUS.
ea, Vrosternum at middle punctured and pubescent; elypeus with two bris-
tle-bearing punctures each side; thorax nearly as wide at apex as at
base. 365. CARBONARIUS.
A. dulcicollis Laf.. 11 mm. in length, is known from the Gulf
“tates and Missouri. and may oeceur in southwestern Indiana.
*364 (1180). ANISOpACTYLUS RUSTICUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. IL.
: 18238, 82; ibid. II, 460.
Oblong-oyal. Brownish-black; base of antenne and
region of hind thoracic angles reddish-brown; legs pice-
ous. Thorax broader than long, as broad at base as
elytra; sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse: basal
impressions rather shallow. not punctured. Elytra rather
deeply striate: intervals convex. the third with one to
four dorsal punctures behind the middle. Length 9-
14mm. (Fig. 100.)
Fig. 100. x 2. : :
(Original. ) Common throughout the State. especially so in
THE GROUND BEETLES. 195
sandy localities. January 10-November 24. Often seen running
over plowed ground in early spring.
365 (1181). ANISODACTYLUS CARBONARIUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II,
1823, 32; ibid. II, 460.
Elongate-oblong, Male, black, feebly shining; female, rusty, opaque;
antennse and legs piceous, tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax slightly broader
at base than apex, sides feebly curved; hind angles obtuse; margins broad-
’ ‘ly depressed near base, finely and sparsely punctulate. BHlytral intervals
finely alutaceous, slightly convex in male, flat in female; the third punc-
tured as in rusticus. Length 12.5-13.5 mm.
Throughout the state; common, but less so than rusticus.
March 19-October 17.
Group B. (ANISODACTYLUS.)
Oblong species usually shining and glabrous; terminal spur, of
front tibe dilated at middle. Elytra striate, the second stria with
a distinct dorsal puncture. Males with the front tarsi broadly,
the middle tarsi rather feebly, dilated.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Black species; hind tarsi slender, equal to tibis, first joint nearly as
long as the next two together; male with first joint of middle tarsus
pubescent at tip.
b. Clypeus with one bristle-bearing puncture on each side.
c. Elytra opaque, the strise feeble, especially at tip; hind angles of
thorax obtuse, sides regularly curved, base as wide as elytra.
366. FURVUS.
ec. Elytra shining in both sexes, more deeply striate.
d. Elytra oblong, their sides nearly parallel; intervals feebly con-
vex, distinctly but sparsely punctulate, feebly shining.
367. INTERPUNCTATUS.
dd. Elytra oval, their sides curved; intervals convex, smooth; form
more robust, surface shining. 368. AGRICOLA.
bb. Clypeus with two bristle-bearing punctures each side.
e. Wind angles of thorax obtuse.
f. Side margin of thorax very distinctly depressed, and with the
base punctulate. 369. HARRISII.
ff. Side margin of thorax scarcely depressed. ~ 370. NIGERRIMUS.
ee. Hind angles of thorax distinct, nearly rectangular.
g. Blytra with sides nearly straight, subparallel; intervals dis-
tinctly but sparsely punctulate. 371. NIGRITA,
gg. Elytra with sides distinctly curved; intervals smooth, shining;
form more robust. 3872. MELANOPUS.
aa. Bicolored or metallic species; hind tarsi slightly flattened, shorter than
the tibix, first joint but little longer than second; male with first
joint of middle tarsus glabrous beneath.
h. Lhorax piceous, brownish-yellow at sides; length 11 mm.
373. DISCOIDEUS.
nh. Thorax cnutirely piceous; length 9-10 mm. 374. BALTIMORENSIS.
196 FAMILY IT.—CARABID.£.
306 (1182). ANISODACTYLUS rURVUS Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col, I, 1863,
14,
Oblong-oval. Black, the elytra opaque; antenunze dusky brown, pale at
base. Thorax very little wider at ase than apex, side margins feebly de-
pressed; disk smooth at middle, densely and finely punctured at base.
Elytra alutaceous, only feebly sinuate near tips; finely striate; intervals
flat. Length 11-12.5 mm.
Posey County: rare. May il. <A southern species whose range
is given as ‘‘Georgia to Louisiana.’’
367 (1186). ANISODACTYLUS INTERPUNCTATUS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.. IY,
1837, 42.
Oblong. subparallel. Black, shining, female slightly opaque; antenne
and legs piceous; basal joint of former and spot on vertex reddish. Thorax
one-fourth broader than long, base and apex equal in width, sides broadly
curved, margin narrowly depressed; hind angles rectangular, basal impres-
sions deep; disk densely and finely punctured across the hase, more sparse-
ly at apex, the middle smooth. Length 12-12.5 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Marshall and Vigo counties: searee. March 26-
December 18. Occurs in sandy localities. Its general range is
northern. :
868 (1187). ANISODACTYLUS AGRICOLA Say. Trans. .Amer. Phil. Soe., II.
1823, 83; ibid. II, 461.
Oblong, moderately robust. Black, strongly shining: antenme and tarsi
reddish-brown. Therax broadest at middle, base and apex equal, hind an-
gles rectangular; basal impressions distinct, narrow, rather densely punc-
tured. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex, not punctulate. Length
12-14 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; searee. April 28-July 20. The most
robust and convex species of the group.
B69 (LISS). ANISODACTYLUS ITARRISIT Lec.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col.. 1868, 14.
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly shining; antennze and tarsi reddish-
brown. Thorax a little broader than long, distinctly depressed in the re
gion of the hind angles. which are obtuse and rounded; median line dis-
tinct, basal impressions rather shallow, finely and densely punctured. Ely-
tral striae rather deep; intervals finely alutaceous, slightly convex, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11-11.5 mm.
Porter and Koseiusko counties: rare. May 9-July 24.
370 (LISD). ANTSODACTYLUS NIGERRIMUS Dej., Spee. V. 1829, S42.
Oblong-oval. Black, scarcely shining. Thorax broader than long, mod-
erately convex; side margins slightly depressed at middle and not at all
at hind angles; basal impressions small, shallow, sparsely and finely pune-
tate. Elytra as in harrisii. Length 11-12 mim.
Southern half of State. frequent; Lake and Laporte counties,
only in the north. April 22-Oectober 21.
THE GROUND BEETLES. 197
871 (1190). AnisopscryLus NigRITA Dej.. Spec. IV, 1829. 149.
Very close to interpunctatus. Jor. Flarn states (loc, cif. under genus}
that he could find no difference except that in vigrita there are two elypeal
punctures on each side, while in inferpunetutus there is but one. Length
12.5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. May 1—July 5.
872 (1191). Axisopactynts MenaNopus Hald.. Proc. Phil Acad, Nat. Sci.
I, 302.
Very similar to A. agricola; differs mainly in having two bristle-bear-
ing punctures instend of one on each side of elypeus. This may be a con-
stant difference, but I doubt its specific rank. However, it is much used
by Torn in his paper, on which my key is mainly based. Length 13-14 mm.
Kesviuske, Putnam and Knox counties; rave. March 25-Au-
wiust 18.
378 (1194). ANTSODACTYLUS DISCOIpEUS Dej.. Spec. V, 1829, 831.
EHlongate-oblong. Viceous, shining; antennir. legs and sides of thorax
and elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax very little wider than long, narrowed
at base; sides curved in front, feebly sinuate behind, very narrowly de-
pressed ; hind angles strongly rectangular, basal impressions short and deep,
finely and sparsely punctate. Wlytra wider than thorax. rather deeply stri-
ate; intervals smooth, slightly convex. Length 10.5-11.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in sandy localities. April 11-
July 24.
"374 (1195). ANISODACTYLUS BALTIMORENSTS Say. Trans. Aimer. Phil. Soe.,
II, 1828. 83; ibid. 11, 461.
Oblong, rather slender. Picecus, shining; antenniw, legs and elytra
pale, the latter often with darker discal cloud. Thorax distinctly wider
than long, basal impressions mere shallow and sides more deeply sinuate
behind; otherwise resembles discoidens, than which it is smaller, more de-
pressed and Jess’shining. Length ) 10 mim.
Throughout the State; conmon, January 21—-August 26,
Groupe (. + (ITAPLOCENTRUS. )
This group is composed of species varying much in size, shape
and color, and agreeing only in possessing the charaeters of the
venus and in having the front tibial sprur slender, and the elytra
striate and sinuate at tip.
Kisy VO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C,
w. Whytra wilh a distinet dorsal puncture, surfitee dot pubescent; first
joint of middle tursus of male glabrous or with a very small pubes:
eent space beneath.
b. Titervals of elytra convex, distinctly and finely punctate; vertex
with a red spot; length 12.5 14 min. BT. VERTICALIS,
198 FAMILY IJ.—CARABID.
bb. Intervals flat or nearly sv, not punctate; head without red spot.
ec. Species more or less oval, Ameara-like, with usually a metallic or
bronzed lustre.
d. Thorax widest at middle, the apex almost as wide as base; basal
impressions not punctate; legs wholly pale.
e. Margin of thorax more or less flattened in the region of the
hind angles; larger, 7.5 or more mm.
f. Uniform piceous above; basal impressions rather narrow
and shallow. 376. SAYTI.
ff. Head and thorax piceous; elytra greenish-metallic; basal
impressions distinct, very wide. S77. TERMINATUS.
ee. Margin of thorax not flattened; basal impressions indistinct:
smaller, not over 7 mm. 37S. NITIDIPENNIS.
dd. Thorax widest at base, thence distinctly narrowed to apex;
basal impressions distinct. finely and sparsely punctate; femora
piceous; length 8 mm. 379. CcENTS.
ec. Species oblong, black without lustre; hind tarsi long and slender:
length 11-12 mm. 380. LUGUBRIS.
aa. Elytra without dorsal puncture: surface finely pubescent, densely punc-
tulate; first joint of middle tarsus of male pubescent over half its
surface.
g. Wholly black above: tibie and tarsi brown. 381. SERICEUS.
gg. Head, thorax. antenne and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous.
382. INTERSTITIALIS.
375 (1198). ANISODACTYLUS VERTICALIS Lec. Aun. Lye. Nat. Hist. IV.
1S48, 57S,
Elongate-oblong. Black, shining; base of mandibles and a quadrate
spot on vertex red; antenne and legs dull yellow. Thorax more than one-
half wider than long, narrowed behind; sides broadly rounded. margins
distinctly refiexed, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions broad. densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex.
finely and densely punctate. Length 12.5-14 mm.
Throughout the State: svaree. April 19-August 20. Oceurs in
sandy locations near water.
376 (1201). ANISODACTYLTUS SAYI sp. Dov.
Burytrichus piecus Lec.. Ann. Lyre. Nat. Hist.. IV. i848, 388.
Elongate-oyal. Uniform piceous. shining; narrow margin of thorax
and region of hind angles. reddish, translucent; antenne and legs brownish-
yellow. Thorax a little broader than long, sides feebly curved; margin
depressed behind the middle, hind angles rectangular, basal impressivns
shallow, ill-defined, smooth. Elytral strive fine; intervals finely alutaceous.
flat. Length 10-10.5 mm.
Lake, Marshall. Vigo and Fulton counties; frequent. May S-
September 28. This species resembles our common forms of Cala-
thus and is doubtless often confused with them. As the genus
Eurytrichus wider whieh LeConte described this form has been
THE GROUND BEETLES. 199
merged with Anisodactylus, the name picéus is preoccupied by a
West Coast species, the No. 1176 of the Henshaw Catalogue. I
therefore propose the name sayi in honor of Thomas Say of New
Marmony, Indiana, who was preéminently the father of American
Kntomology.
*377 (1202). ANISODACTYLUS TERMINATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823, 48; ibid. II, 478.
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax dark brown or piceous, the edge of the
latter reddish-translucent; elytra with greenish-metallic lustre; antennz
und legs pale yellow. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides regularly
curved from base to apex, hind angles rectangular. TElytra as in the pre-
ceding. Length 7.5-8.5 mm,
Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-December 25. In
September, 1903, this species was noted as very common on the
heads of the fireweed (Hrechtiles hicracifolia lL.) in a deadening
near Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County, where it was feeding on
the seeds.
378 (1204). ANISODACTYLUS NITIDIPENNIS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., LV,
1848, 388.
Oblong-oval, rather narrow. Color of terminatus. Thorax scarcely
broader than long, sides very feebly curved, hind angles subrectangular ;
disk minutely and very sparsely punctured near base. Elytra alutaceous;
intervals almost flat, sometimes very finely and sparsely punctulate. Length
6.5-7 pom.
Throughout the western half of State; frequent in the southern
counties, rare northward. April 9-December 25. Occurs beneath
cover in sandy lovalities.
379 (1206). ANISODACTYLUS ca@Nus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1828.
34; ibid. II, 461.
Oblong-oval. Viceous, moderately shining; elytra bronzed; tibiz, tarsi
und base of antenn:e paler. Thorax as broad at base as elytra, sides feebly
curved, margins narrowly depressed from middle to base, hind angles rect-
angular. Blytral intervals flat, smooth, more shining in the male. Length
8 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April 16-May 11. Kasily
known by its dark femora and punctured base of thorax.
*BSQ (1208). ANISODACTYLUS LUGUBRIS Dej., Spec. IV, 1829, 118.
Oblong, rather broad, subdepressed, Black, feebly shining; antenne
nud legs piceous, the basal joint of former and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax
iwo-thirds broader thin long; sides gradually curved from apex into base.
the margins behind the middle flattened ; basal impressions broad, shallow,
yery finely and densely punctate. Flytril strie very fine; intervals flat,
nlutuceous. Length 11-12 mm.
200 FAMILY IT1.—HALIPLID.E.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 19-December Ts.
uS1 (1209). ANISODACTYLUS SERTCEUS Harr., N. Eng. Far., 1828, 177.
Oblong. Black. opaque; antenne reddish-brown: femora piceous, tibize
and tarsi pale. Thorax broader than long. apex and base equal; sides regu-
larly curved, hind angles rounded, basal impressions obsolete; surface
sparsely punctate. more densely at base and near the sides. Elytral inter-
vals flat, densely punctulate. each puncture bearing a short, fine hair.
Length 10 mm.
Lake, Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. February
~1-November 17. Noted on stems and burrowing beneath the roots
of grasses and sedges about ponds. Also taken at electric light.
*BSP (1210). ANISODACTYLUS INTERSTITIALIS Say, Trans
Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1823, 57; ibid. II,
480.
Form and structure of sericeus. Color as given in
key. Thoracic margin broader, more depressed; me
dian line and basal impressions evident, the latter
broad and shallow. Elytral intervals subconvex, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Length {5-10 mm. (Fig.
101.)
Throughout the State: common, especially in
sandy regions. March 17—-December 18. A half dozen just
emerged as imagoes were noted on November 28.
Fig. 101- °< 24. (Original.
Family II]. HALIPLID-E.
THE CRAWLING WaTER BEETLES.
In the North American fauna this family is represented by less
than 30 known species of sinall. very convex aquatic beetles. In
color they are light brownish-vellow, more or less spotted with
black, while in form they are oval and tapering at each end. The
elytra hear rows of punctures and the scutellum is invisible.
Thev comprise a family intermediate between the Carabide and
Dytiscide. having the antenne evlabrous. filiform. 10-jointed and
inserted on the front before the eves: thovax with distinet side
pieces; hind coxw contiguous at middle and prolonged as broad
plates which conceal the basal half of hind femora and from three
to six of the ventral segments. The slender but clubbed hind fe-
mora move between these plates and the abdomen, and are not
adapted to vigorous swimming.
Although aquatic in habit. these little beetles swim but feebly.
Where found they usuaily oveur in numbers. They live in shallow
water abont the margins of ponds, iakes and pools of streams, where
THE CRAWLING WATER BEETLES. 201
they may often be noted crawling slowly over the partially decayed
aquatic plants, especially alge. On account of their feeble swim-
ming powers they may be easily captured by raking the mass of
vegetable matter onto the bank, when the beetles, on crawling out
to regain the water, may be secured. ‘The name of the family is
derived from the Greek and means ‘‘sailing the sea,’’ or ‘‘covered
with water.’’
The larvee of the Haliplidx live in the same places as the adults.
They are composed of slender segments, each, except the head,
being furnished on the back with fleshy lobes, bearing spiny tips,
while the last segment is extended into a long tapering appendage.
The principal paper, including descriptions of the North Ameri-
can species of this family, is by
Crotch.—‘‘ Revision of the Dytiscidae of the United States,’’ ix
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. TV. 1875, 383-385.
The North American species are divided among three genera,
two of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HALIPLIDA,
a. Terminal joint of palpi small, awl-shaped; intervals of elytra punctate;
thorax without black spots at base. I. HALiPeyus.
aa. Terminal joint of palpi conical, longer than the third; intervals of ely-
tra without punctures; thorax with two small round impressed black
spots at base. II. CNEMIDOTUS.
TI. Haurpivis Latr. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘the sea +sail.’’)
Of the ten species of this genus known from the United States,
six have been taken in Indiana, while another may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HWALIPLUS,
a, Thorax without a basal impression.
b. Prosternum margyined at sides; elytral punctures deeper at base than
apex.
«, A distinct black spot on middle of front margin of thorax.
383. TRIOPSIS.
ce, Thorax without black spot, sometimes slightly darker at apex.
d. Elytra not sinuate near apex.
c. Spots of elytra distinct; size larger, 3.5-4 min. FASCIATUS,
ce. Spots more or less confluent; size smaller, 2.5 mm.
384. LEWISII.
dd. Blytra distinctly sinuate near apex; spots often slightly con-
nected but not confluent. 385. BOREALIS.
bb. Prosternum flat, not margined at sides; elytral punctures not deeper
at base than apex; elytra dull brownish-yellow with elongate black
spots. 386. CRIBARIUS.
202 FAMILY III.—HALIPLID.
aa. Thorax with a small impressed fold on each side near base..
f. Pale ochreous yellow; thoracic fold shorter; elytral spots several,
more or less distinct. 8S7. RUFICOLLIS.
ff. Pale reddish-brown; thoracic impression longer; elytral spots very
ill-defined. 38S. LONGULTS.
883 (1221). Haxreius TRIopsis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 106;
ibid. II, 518.
Ovate. Light brownish-yellow; suture, base, tip and seven slightly con-
nected spots on each elytron deep black, the middle spots confluent. Head
and thorax distinctly punctate; punctures of elytral strie finer toward
apex. Length 3.5 mm.
Lake. Laporte and Marshall counties; frequent. May 25-Au-
gust 15. This is the species usually listed as H. punctatus Aube,
but that name, according to Blanchard, belongs to a more densely
punctate form from the Southern States.
H. fasciatus Aube, with head finely punctate and thorax wholly
reddish-brown. is known from the ‘‘middle and Western States.’’
384 (1224). HaLrpPLus LeEwrsi Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873,
384.
Smaller and more slender than triopsis. Head and thorax reddish-yel-
low without spots; elytra with base and suture black, and a broad black
spot on each side, confluent at middle. Punctures of elytral strive weak:
intervals very sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.
One from woodland pond near Broad Ripple, Marion County:
June 12.
385 (1222). HaLipLus BoreaLis Lec., Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 212.
Ovate. Dull reddish-yellow ; thorax slightly dusky at apex; elytra each
with ill-defined basal line and five spots black, the one near humerus and
two on apical third rounded, the two on median third placed obliquely, each
double, composed of two partially connected oblong ones. Eyes very con-
vex. Head rather closely punctate. Length 3 mm.
Laporte County; scarce. May 26-August 20. A species of
northern range. Resembles ruficollis but without the basal impres-
sions.
- 886 (1225). Haxiprus crrparits Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 212.
Ovate. Dull brownish-yellow; head and thorax paler and, in the speci-
men at hand, without black markings; elytra each with five or six elongate,
more or less connected dark spots forming two oblique cross-bands. Head
finely punctate. Thorax deeply and coarsely punctate near the hind mar-
gin, more finely in front, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra with rows of deep
punctures; intervals each with a single row of widely separated punctures.
Length 4.2 mm.
A single specimen in the Woleott collection taken near Pine.
Lake County. June 9. A member of the Alleghanian fauna.
THE CRAWLING WATER BEETLES. 203
886a (——). HA iets cRIBARIUS SUBGUTTATUS Lec., MS.
A dark variety of the preceding having the vertex black; the elytral
spots disconnected and more distinct. Length 4 mm.
Pine, Lake County; May 12. This and cribarius were described
from Lake Superior.
387 (1226). HALIPLUS RUFICOLLIS DeG., Mem. IV, 1774, 404.
Ovate. Head and thorax pale dull yellow with-
out spots: elytral spots larger than in borealis, all
rounded. the two on median third often more or
less confluent. Apex of elytra not sinuate. Length
25-3 mm. (Fig. 102.)
Pine and Hudson lakes, Laporte County ;
ponds near Richmond; frequent. May 25-
August 20. Probably occurs throughout the
northern half of the State.
38S (1227). Harietus Loneutus Lec. (Crotch),
j \
Fig. 102. (Original.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, iste obepese nel eats
385.
Close to ruficollis but more slender. Elytra with basal spot wanting;
the central spot dilated, triangular, the others indistinct. Length 3 mm.
Pine, Lake County; Marion County. from pond near Broad
Ripple; scarce. April 3-May 28.
II. Cnrmipotus Ill. 1802 (Gr., ‘‘wearing leg armor.’’)
Our members of this genus are a little larger and more robust
than those of Haliplus. All have the thorax marked at base by
two round black dots. and the elytral rows of punctures more or
less irregular on basal third. Four nominal species have been
taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CNEMIDOTUS,
a. Hind femora with a broad jude ving near apex; elytra distinctly oblique-
ly sinuate near tips.
vb. Head entirely pale. 389. 12-PUNCTATUS.
bb. Head with vertex black. 390. EDENTULUS.
aa. Wind femora wholly dark brown or blackish.
ce. Elytra without a subhumeral spol; median subsutural spot continent
with the sutural line to form a discal blotch. 391. mMuUricus.
ce. Plytrva usuaily with a small subbumeral spot; median subsutural spot
free or barely touching the sutural line, 392. PEDUNCULATUS.
POL FAMILY UV.—DYTISCIDE.
389 (1281). CNEMIDOoTUS 12-PUNcTATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1825. 106; ibid. II, 518.
Ovate, very convex. Dull yellow. each elytron with six
well defined black spots arranged as in the accompanying
figure. Head finely, thorax rather coarsely and sparsely,
punctate. Wlytra each with eight rows of large black punc-
tures and two rows of finer, paler ones on sides. Hind coxal
plates subangulate on hind margin. Length 3.54. (Fig.
108.)
Northern half of State, common; Jess so in the south-
(Ager Wickham) rn counties. Often taken in numbers when seining.
May 25-August 15.
390 (1233). CNEMIDOTUS EDENTULUS Lec., New sp. N. A. Col, I, 1863, 21.
Slightly more elongate and less convex than 12-punctatus. Pale straw
yellow. Elytra more attenuate behind the middle and with spots larger.
often more or less confiuent. Length 4 mm.
Lake, Laporte. Marshall and Fountain counties; scarce. April
29-August 15.
391 (1252). CNEMIDOTUS MUTICUS Led, New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 21.
Resembles 12-punctatus in form and sculpture. Differs by having the
hind femora wholly piceous or dark brown, the hind coxal plates broadly
rounded. and the elytra subtruncate at apex. The sutural black line is
narrowed on basal half and the median subsutural spot is confluent with it
to form a rather large irregular blotch. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Aareh 14-Ortober 23. This
as well as the other species probably passes the winter as imago.
392 (——). CNEMIDOTUS PEDUNCULATUS Roberts MS.
Very close to the preceding. Differs mainly in the arrangement of the
elytral spouts as mentioned in key. The sutural black line is wider, occupy-
ing the sutural interval en the basal half, and is not contluent with the
median spot. The elytra are feebly sinuate rather than subtruncate at
apex. Length °--3.5 mn).
Laporte. Marshall. Fountain. Marion and Lawrence counties:
searce. May 11-Oetober 23.
Family IV. DYTISCID.T.
Tue Prepiacrcors Divi~c BEeEertres.
In the quiet. deep pools of stveains. and in ponds or stagnant
water may offer be seen oval, flattened beetles hanging head dewn-
ward, with the tip of the abdomen at or slightly above the surface
of the water. These heetles belone to the family Dytiscida. the
u
LEG PREVAGCKUUD DLVING BEETLES. 205
word being derived from the Greek Dyliscus, meaning a diver. All
the species are more or less aquatic in habit and, as a rule, are
strong swimmers. Many of them hibernate as imagoes, burrowing
im the banks and mud at the bottom or sides of the pools in which
they dwell. Dr. Harris kept one for ‘‘three years and a half in
perfect health, in a glass vessel filled with water, and supported by
morsels of raw meat. It was capable of fasting a month; was very
sensible to the changes of the weather, which it indicated by the
height at which it remained in the vessel.’’ They are often seen
beneath the ice in late autumn or early spring. In the mature
stage, during the mating season, some of the larger species fly about
at night and are often attracted in numbers by electric and other
lights.
From the Haliplide they may be readily known by having the
body less stout and convex and more obtuse at the ends; antenne
glabrous, 11-jointed, usually filiform, and inserted under the front
behind the base of the mandibles; middle and hind pairs of legs
widely separated, due to the very large hind coxe, which reach
the sides of the body but do not cover the ventral segments. The
hind legs are the longest, and are strongly adapted for swimming,
being flattened and fringed with long hairs. The spiracles open
beneath the ‘elytra on the upper surface of the abdomen. By lift-
ing the elytra slightly an air chamber is formed, from which the
beetle draws its supply while swimming. When the air in this
chamber becomes too impure, the insect rises to the surface, forces
it out and renews the supply. In color the beetles are usually
brownish-black, often with a dull glaucous or sea-green tint, very
smooth and shining. Some of them have the thorax and margins of
elytra marked with dull yellow.
The sexes of several of the genera possess modifications which
are of especial interest and which furnish excellent characters for
the separation of groups. In the males of these genera the three
basal segments of the fore (and sometimes the middle) tarsi are
dilated and form a circular disk on the under side of which are
numerous small, eup-like suckers. These serve as
clasping organs. (Fig. 104.) The females of cer-
tain species also present an interesting dimorphism.
in that some of them have the elytra deeply fur-
rowed, while others of the same species have them
smooth.
ake . Fig. 104.
The Dvtiscide are among the most voracious of (After Comstock.)
all beetles. They prey not only wpon the larve of
206 RAMI TY Vices wangens:
other insects. but often upon small fishes. and are sometimes very
troublesome in artificial fish ponds. where they attack the young
and eat off their fins. They also feed upon dead animal matter of
any kind which fin-ls its way into the water where they live.
The larve of the
Dytiscide are also
aquatic and varnivo-
rous, and are known
as ‘‘water tigers.’
(Fig. 105.) In form they are elongate, cylindrical or fusiform.
with a large oval or rounded and flattened head. The jaws or man-
dibles are sickle-shaped and hoilow, so that they can easily hold
and suck the blood or juice from any prey which they may capture.
These grubs remain in the water until full grown, when they seek
cut some convenient place beneath a board, stone or tuft of vegeta-
tion where, by the squirming motions of the body. a cell is formed
in which they undergo the pupal stage. The length of time neces.
sary for this transformation varies greatly with the species and the
season.
Nearly 300 species of Dytiscid® are known from the United
States. Of these 70. representing 24 genera, have been taken in In-
diana. The family does not offer that diversity of color, form and
sculpture presented hy the Carabidie and other families of terres-
trial heetles, hence the number of characters used for the separation
of genera and species is limited and the work, therefore. made more
difficult for the beginner. The classification is mainly that of Drs.
LeConte, Sharp and Horn and Mr. Crotch, in the following works:
Le Conte-—‘ Analytical Table of the Species of Hydroporus
found in the United States, with Descriptions of New Spe-
cies,’? in Proce, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VII, 1855. 290-299.
LeConte— "Synopsis of the Species of Colymbetes Inhabiting
America North of Mexieo,’’ tn Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil.,
1862, 521-523.
Crotch.— ‘Revision of the Dytiscide of the United States."? in
Trans. Amer. Ent. See, TV 1873, 383-424,
Sharp.—On Aquatic. Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscide, in
Trans. Reval Dublin So-.. II, Ser, 2, 1882, 179-1003.
Horn.—Miscellaneous Notes and Short Studies of North Amer-
ican Coleoptera, (nv Trans. Amer, Ent. Soe. X, 1883, 276-284.
Fig. 105. Larva of Dytiseid. (After Comstock.)
For convenience the family is first divided inte subfamilies and
tribes.
TIER PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 207
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF DYTISCIDA,
u, Episternum of metathorax not reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig.
106.) Subfamily I. FRaGMENTATI, p. 207.
aa. Episternum of metathorax reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig.
107.) Subfamily II. Compricati, p. 210.
In the avcompanying cuts, Fig. 106 rep-
resents a diagram of a portion of the under
surface of Laccophilus, which belongs to
the subfamily Fragmentati, cc being the
middle coxal cavity. It will be seen that
the mesosternal epimeron (ms. epm.) ar-
ticulates at its inner end with the meta-
sternum (wt.), and thus cuts off the
metasternal episternum (mt. eps.) from
the coxal cavity. In Fig. 107, however,
which is a diagram of similar parts of a—Fig. 106. b.—Fig, 107.
Colymbiles of the subfamily Complicati, caret Nae
the mesosternal epimeron does not articulate with the metasternum,
and thus allows the episternum of the latter to reach the cavity.
These features are not, as a rule, difficult to make out, and form
the basis of the modern classification of the family, by Dr. Sharp.
Subfamily I. FRAGMENTATI.
The North American members of this subfamily are divided
among two tribes, both of which are represented in the Indiana
fauna. In all the species the seutellum is invisible.
KEY TO TRIBES OF FRAGMENTATI.
a. Hind coxz longer near the middle of the body; prosternum dilated be-
hind, truncate or nearly so. Tribe I. NoveRIni, p. 207.
ada. Hind cox:e longer near the sides of the hody; prosternal process com-
pressed, reaching the metasternum.
: Tribe II. LAccopHiILinti, p. 209.
Tribe I. NOVERINI.
The members of this tribe are all small beetles having the body
convex, obtuse in front and pointed behind; front and middle
tarsi five-jointed; apex of front tibie with a curved spur or hook.
Two genera occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NOTERINI.
a. Last joint of maxillary palpus bifid or emarginate; prosternal process
not broader than long; hind tibie less dilated; length less than 38 mm.
I, CANTHYDRBUS.
| 14—23402]
208 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCID.E.
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpus truncate: prosternal process very broad
behind the cox:e: hind tibiz broader; length +-5 min.
Il. HyYDROCANTHUS.
J. Canruyprus Sharp. 182. (Gr.. ‘‘beetle + water.’’)
Small and short. strongly convex species. usually variegated in
color above; antenne very short and slender; pectoral plate coarsely
sculptured at middle; hind legs slender. the femora and tibie but
little flattened. the former contiguous at base. Two species occur
in the State.
p93 (1287). Caxruyprus nicowor Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sec.. TV. 1634.
447: ibid. II, 561.
Ovate, convex. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow; elytra
dark reddish-brown, thickly and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.
A small but handsome species, taken in Indiana only from Bass
Lake, Starke County. and Hudson Lake. Laporte County. Prob-
ably occurs throughout the lake region of the State. May 30-Au-
gust 20.
394 (12388). CANTHYDRUS GIBBULUS Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI. 1838, 414.
Ovate, convex. Head and thorax yellow, the latter clouded with dusky
on the front margin; elytra dark brown or piceous. with an irregular oblique
yellowish cross-bar near the middle. Elytra more sparingly punctate than
in bicolor, the dorsal rows of punctures more distinct. Length 2.5 mm.
Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine. Lake
County: searee. August 1.
II. Hyprocantars Say. 1823. (Gr... ‘water + beetle. ’*)
Tn addition to the characters given in the key. this genus may be
known by having the last joint of the labial palpus very large, tri-
angular and compressed: the front tibie with a strong spur; the
hind femora short and stout. their apical margins strongly ciliated:
tibiw short. smooth, claws equal. But one species is known from the
United States.
395 (1240). HybRocaNTHUS iRICOLOR Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe... IT, 1825.
105; ibid. Il, 517.
Ovate, convex. attenuate behind. Head, thorax and under parts red-
dish-yellow ; elytra dark reddish-brown, polished, irideseent. Three irresu-
lar dorsal rows of fine punctures visible. Length 45 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 16-August 15. Prob-
ably hibernates. as one was taken from mud at the bottom of a pond
on the earlier date.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. “209
Tribe Il. LACCOPHILINI.
This tribe is represented in the United States by the single
venus.
TIL. Laccovuimus Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘a pool +loving.’’)
Small and very active beetles, ovate and depressed in form, and
usually spotted in color; thorax without side margins; scutellum
almost concealed: prosternal spine narrow, acuminate and much
compressed; hind cox expanded into broad processes which are
arched in front and almost completely conceal the coxal cavities;
hind legs highly developed. The males have the four front tarsi
dilated and clothed with spongy hairs heneath. The plates of the
hind coxe have a ridge of fine lines. beginning near the middle at
the insertion of the femora and extending outward and backward.
These ridges, with their file-like arrangement, when rubbed by the
hind femora, form a musical or stridwating organ, Four species
have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LACCOPHILUS.
@. Elytra without distinct yellow cross-bars: male with a coxal file.
b&. Blytra blackish, with one or more greenish-yellow spots.
ce. Larger, 6 mm.; elytra with the margin, four submarginal spots and
three basal lines greenish-yellow. 396. MACULOSUS.
ce. Sinaller, 4.5 mm.; elytra dark reddish-brown, with the subhumeral
mark of maculosus present, the others confused.
397, PROXIMUS.
bb. Elytra dull yellow, with a distinct blackish bar behind the middle.
398. FASCIATUS.
aa, Elytra black with two cross-bars and apex yellowish; size Jess than
5 mm.; males without a coxal file. 399. UNDATUS.
396 (1242). Laccoprm“ts MactLostus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823. 100; ibid. II, 514.
Ovate. Head. thorax and under parts reddish-yellow. Elytra as men-
tioned in key, the submarginal yellowish spots being in position, subhumeral,
median, postmedian aud subapical, the second and fourth usually the larger.
The yellow basal markings vary much in size and distinctness. Thorax
very short, four times wider than long. its surface, as well as that of elytra.
very finely reticulate. [lytra obliquely truncate at apex. with one or two
irregular rows of minute punctures. Length 6 mm.
Throuehout {he State: common, March 16-October 23. Prob-
ably hibernates.
210 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCIDE.
397 (1244). LaccopHILUs proximts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II. 1823,
101; ibid. II, 514.
Ovate. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown. with only traces
of the greenish-yellow spots of maculosus. Beneath darker than in that
species. Length 4.5 mm.
Laporte. Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties; frequent.
April 11—August 20.
398 (1248). LaccoPHILts FasciaTus Aubé, Spec... VI, 1838, 423.
Ovate. subdepressed. Head, thorax and under parts dull brownish-
yellow; elytra greenish-yellow with a broad blackish bar behind the mid-
dle. Thorax and elytra finely alutaceous, the latter rounded at apex.
Length 5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April +August 12. The
meso- and metasterna are often fuscons.
399 (1253). LaccoPHILUs tnpaTus Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838. 435.
Narrowly oval. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow; elytra
blackish with a rather broad, irregular basal and a narrower subapical
cross-bar, yellowish: also a spot on the margin about the middle and at
apex of the same hue. Elytra very finely and rather closely punctate.
Length 4.7 mm.
Fountain County and Pine Lake, Laporte County: scarce. July
21-August 15. The pale basal cross-bar varies in width and usu-
ally encloses two small squarish black spots on each elytron.
Subfamily II. COMPLICATA.
This group contains by far the greater number of the species
belonging to the family. All agree in having the middle coxal
eavity enclosed by four distinct pieces. The beetles vary much in
form and size, and exhibit the most perfect development of the oar-
like hind legs. Four tribes occur in the North American fauna, all
of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF COMPLICATA.
a. Prosternum deflexed or bent downward between the front coxre, so that
the process or spine is on a different plane from that of the pro-
sternum ; front and middle tarsi four-jointed, except in Celina; length
Jess than 6 mm. Tribe I. Hyproporinti. p. 211.
aa. Prosternum not deflexed; all the tarsi distinctly five-jointed.
b. Lower spur of hind tibise not or but little-broader than the other.
ec. Outline of eye in front notched by the free margin of front of
head; front tarsi of males with three (two in Agubinus) basal
joints dilated. forming an oblong or elongate surface: length
usually 7 or more mm. Tribe IT. CoLyMBETINI. p. 221.
ce, Outline of eye not notched: front tarsi of males dilated so as to
form a rounded or triangular disk: hind tarsi (except in Hy-
daticus) with two nearly equal claws: length 10-40 mm.
Tribe TY. Dytiscrn1, p. 220.
ae =
THE PREDACEOUS DIYING BEETLES. 211
bb. Lower spur of hind tibize dilated, much broader than the other; front
tarsi of males as in Dytiscini; hind. tarsi with one claw (males) or
very unequal claws (females) ; length 30 or more mm.
Tribe IV. CyBISTRINI, p. 235.
Tribe I. HYDROPORINI.
Species of small size having the third joint of the front and
middle tarsi deeply lobed and concealing the fourth joint, which,
however, is often wanting; the fifth joint slender, with claws which
sometimes vary in form according to sex. The ‘‘elytral ligula”’
mentioned in the key is a tongue-like process on the inner face of
the side margin of the elytra, which must be lifted to show it. Its
function is to unite more perfectly the elytra and ventral segments.
Seven genera are probably represented in Indiana.
s
KEY TO GENERA OF HYDROPORINI.
a. Hind coxal cavities widely separated, each with an elongate notch be-
hind. IV. Hyprovatus.
aa. Hind coxal cavities not notched behind.
b. Size small, 1.5-2 mm.; first ventral segment firmly united to border
of hind coxe.
ec. Form rounded, convex ; prosternal process rhomboidal, acute at tip.
V. DESMOPACHRIA.
ce. Form oblong, depressed; prosternal process oblong.
VI. BIDEssUs.
bb. Size larger, 2.5 or more mm.; first ventral segment free.
d. Scutellum visible. VII. CEnINA.
dd. Scutellum not visible.
e. Elytral ligula distinct, abrupt. VIII. Caramsus.
ee. Elytral ligula wanting.
f. Mesosternum not reaching the metasternum. DERONECTES.
ff. Fork of mesosternum connected with the intercoxal process of
the metasternum. IX. Hyproporus.
TV. Hyprovatus Mots. 1855. (Gr., ‘‘water + old or stagnant.’’)
This genus includes very small beetles which have the proster-
num dilated triangularly behind the front coxe and the tips of the
elytra produced into a sutural point. Two species are known from
Indiana.
400 (1257). Hyprovatus pusTuLatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 29.
Form rounded, convex. Head, thorax (except basal cross-blotch) and
under parts reddish-yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown with a broad post-
basal and a narrow subapical cross-bar orange. Upper surface alutaceous ;
thorax faintly, elytra distinctly but sparsely, punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Northern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 15-August 20,
212 FAMILY 1V.—DYTISCIDAs.
401 (——-). HyYDROVATUS INDIANENSIS sp. noy.
Form of the preceding. Head and under surface reddish-brown ; thorax
piceous with a median cross-bar reddish-brown; elytra piceous, each with
wt broad reddish-brown sub-basal spot, a small spot behind middle and the
tips also indistinctly reddish. Thorax and elytra sculptured as in pustu-
latus. Length 3 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. August 5. <A distinctly larger and
much darker form than the preceding.
V DesmMopacHRiA Bab. 1841. (Gr., ‘‘band + point.’’)
In this and the next genus the hind coxw are united firmly to
the ventral segments so that the under surface of the body from the
front of the metasternum to the hind margin of the third ventral
segment consists of one rigid piece. Desmopachria comprises mi-
nute, short, broad species, convex both above and beneath and hav-
ing the hind coxe very greatly developed but with the coxal cavi-
ties much exposed. The genus is represented in the eastern United
States by a single small species.
402 (1262). DErsMOPACHRIA CONVENA Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 479.
Rounded, convex. Uniform brownish-red, shining. Elytra finely but
distinctly punctulate, tapering to an obtuse apex. Clypeus with a distinct
margin. Length 1.7 mm.
Laporte. Marshall, Wayne and Marion counties; frequent. Oc-
curs beneath grass roots along the margin of water. May 15-Au-
gust 15.
VI. Bipessts Sharp. 1882. (Gr., ‘double + wet.’’)
This genus contains a number of very small oblong-oval de-
pressed beetles, usually of a brownish color with paler markings.
The thorax has a basal groove or longitudinal fold on cach side
which is often continued onto the elytra. Five species are known
from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BIDESSUS.
a. Basal grooves of thorax not continued onto elytra; elytra brown, each
with two yellow spots. 403. FLAVICOLLIS.
ant, Basal grooves of thorax continued onto the elytra.
b. Elytra distinctly pubescent with vellowish hairs. 404. PULICARIUS.
bb. Elytra not or very finely pubescent.
e. Plytral portion of basal groove distinetly longev than the thoracic
portion, 405. 1 ACUSTRIS.
ee, Basal groove about equally divided between thorax and elytra, or
distinctly longer on the former.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 213
da. First and second yentral segments sinooth or obsolet ely punctate ;
elytra finely punctate. 406. AFFINIS.
dd. First and second ventral segments coarsely but sparsely punc-
tate; elytra coarsely punctate. 407. FUSCATUS.
403 (1270). Bivessts rnavicotiis Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
295.
Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax, legs and under surface yellow;
elytra fuscous or brownish, each with two paler spots on the sides. Thorax
and elytra densely and finely punctate, the basal grooves of the former
very short. Hind cox not longer than broad. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
A single specimen from Hudson Lake, Laporte County, July 15.
Probably occurs sparingly in the lakes of the northern third of the
State. Known from Illinois, Pennsylvania and New England.
404 (1273). Biwessus punicartus Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 494.
Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow; elytra
dark brownish-yellow, a faint yellow submarginal spot behind the middle
and another near the apex; postpectus and abdomen piceous. Hlytra close-
ly punctulate and covered with fine hairs visible only beneath the lens.
Length 1.5-1.7 mm.
Laporte, Kosciusko, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. May
31-August 15.
405 (1278). Bipessus Lacustris Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823.
103; ibid. IT, 516.
Oblong-oval, shining. Head and thorax dull reddish-yel-
low; elytra brownish-yellow clouded with darker; under
surface usually black. Elytra very finely and indistinctly
junetate. Length 1.4-1.3 mm. (Tig. 108.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-Au-
gust 20.
406 (1275). tinessts AFFINIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., II, 1828, 104; ibid. II, 517.
Oblong-oval, feebly shining. Head, thorax and legs red-
Fig. 108. « 18.
dish-yellow ; elytra and under side fuscous brown, the for- (Original.)
mer often with paler elongate markings. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; especially so in the northern
lakes. April 4-August 20.
407 (1279). Brpessus ruscatus Crotch, Trans. Amer. Int. Soc, IV, 1873.
391.
Resembles affinis but darker and more shining. Known by the coarser
punctures of elytra and hind coxal plates and the shorter impressed stria
at base of elytra. Head and thorax almost smooth. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Starke County; scarce. Collected by sweeping along the north
margin of Bass Lake. May 19.
214 FAMILY IV.—-DYTISCIDD.
VIL. Cenixa Auhé. 1536. (A proper name.)
Elongate, glabrous, parallel species having the scutellum dis-
tinct; front and middle tarsi with five joints: abdomen terminating
in a Short spine. One species occurs in the State.
40S (1282). CELINA ancUsTaTa Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI. 1838, 447.
Elongate-oblong, parallel. Brownish-red. alutaceous, shining; elytral
disk with a blackish cloud. Thorax three times as wide as long, sides
feebly rounded, disk very finely and sparsely punctate with coarser punc-
tures along the apical and basal margins. Elytra sparsely, finely and
irregularly punctate, with two or three discal rows of larger punctures:
their tips ending in fine points. Middle tibixe of male curved and nar-
rowed at middle, the basal pertion slender. the apical much broader. Length
4mm.
This is listed as a southern species, but a single specimen was
taken in Lake County. on the shore of Lake Michigan. and another
in Kosciusko County. June 9-August 1,
VIII. Ceztamesvs Thom. 1550. (Gr.. ‘‘swollen + belly.’’)
To this genus belong a number of small, oval or rounded beetles.
convex beneath (whence the generic name). and in color either
brown or pale with black markings. Al] are devoid of pubescence.
possess the elytral ligula above mentioned and have the humeral or
basal portion of the epipleure limited behind by a well-marked line.
Seven species are known from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CG@LAMBUS.
a. Front of head with a fine but distinct raised margin, the labrum much
concealed ; under surface of body very convex. usually light brownish-
yellow. :
b. Elytra without either distinct blackish spots or a carina on the sides.
very coarsely and regularly punctured. 409. IN EQUALIS.
bb. Elytra each with three or four black spots. and with a carina on the
side, the punctures much finer. 410. ACAROIDES.
aa. Front of head without margin, the labrum little concealed; under <ur-
face of body less convex, wholly or partly black.
ce. Elytra without impressed linex; smaller, 2.5-4.5 mm.
d. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown. usually with fine and
coarse punctures intermingled.
e. Smaller. not over 3 mm.
f. Abdomen wholly black; sides of hind cox very coarsely and
sparsely punctate. 411. TURBIDTS.
ff. Aldeomen in part or wholly pale; sides of hind coxz finely
punctate. 412. LACCOPHILINTS.
ee. Larger, 3.5.4 mm.; abdomen and metasternum «ax in turbidus.
413. DISSIMILIS.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 215
dd. Elytra dull yellow, ciouded with black streaks, finely, densely and
evenly punctured. 414. NUBILUS.
cc, Elytra usually with a sutural and two dorsal impressed lines, deeply
and coarsely punctate; larger, 5-5.5 mm.
415. IMPRESSO-PUNCTATUS.
409 (1284). CaLameus rnasquatis Fab., Ent. Syst., 1, 1792, 200.
Short, suboval, convex above and below. Head and disk of thorax dull
yellow, the latter with front and hind margins dusky. Elytra dark brown
with traces of dull yellow, notable for the deep and regular punctures.
Under surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctured. Length 3 mm.
Steuben, Lake, Marshall, Laporte and Marion counties; common
in Lake Maxinkuckee. April 4-October 23. Usually listed as C.
punctatus Say.
410 (1288). CaLamBus acarorpEs Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 294.
Rounded-oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and legs dull yellow; elytra
yellowish, with a large common sutural spot reaching past middle, and
three discal spots on each, blackish; an elevated submarginal carina on
middle third. Length 2.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. July 5. Described from Illinois and
Kentucky and probahly occurs throughout the State.
411 (1289). CaLamptus rurptpus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
298.
Oval, convex. Piceous brown, shining; head, antennie, legs and mar-
gins of thorax dull brownish-yellow. Thorax finely punctate on apical half,
more coarsely near the base. Punctures of elytra rather dense and mod-
erately coarse. Length 2.8 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 28—July 21. Re-
sembles C. inwqualis, but beneath black and much less convex, the
elytra with finer punctures and the elypeus not margined in front.
412 (1377). CcasLamMBus LAccoPpHILINUS Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII.
1878, 595.
Short, ovate, subdepressed, pointed behind. Head and thorax light
brown; elytra darker, the male shining. Thorax of male finely rugose and
minutely punctured. Elytra rather coarsely and regularly punctate in
male; opaque and very finely punctulate in female. Basal segments of ab-
domen rather coarsely punctured in both sexes. Length 2.6-3 mm.
Marion and Marshall counties; frequent. March 14—October 1.
The females are minutely alutaceous and are much less common
than the males.
413 (1301). Ca@Lamepus pissimitis Harr., Cat. Ins., 1835, 472.
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Head and thorax dull yellow to brick-red;
elytra dark reddish-brown, rather thickly dotted with fine and coarse punc-
tures. Length 3.8-4 mm.
Lake. Laporte and Marion counties; scarce. March 14-July 15.
216 FAMILY [V.—DYTISCID.E.
414 (1297). Ca@LamMBUs NUBILUS Le... Proc. Phii. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1855. 298.
Elongate-oval. Head. thorax, legs and antennze dull yellow; elytra
with three or four irregular blackish streaks which sometimes merge tv
form a fuscous cloud behind the middle; under surface black. Length
4.3 mm.
Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Green-
castle. Putnam County. by Guy Wilson and presented to the writer.
July 9.
415 (1302). CceLaAMBUS IMPRESSO-PUNCTATUS Schall. Act. Hal., I, 1783, 312.
Oblong-oval. Legs, head and apical half of thorax reddish-brown ; ver-
tex, base of thorax and elytra dark brown, cuarsely and deeply punctate.
Many of the punctures elongate, confluent; usually three impressed lines
on each elytron. reaching to about the middle. Length 5—5.5 mm.
Lake, Laporte and Marshall counties: scarce. April 23-Au-
gust 16.
Deronectes deprcessus Fab.. dull brownish-vellow, elytra with
hlack lines more or less confluent. length +.5 mm., and D. griseostri-
atus. DeG.. black. densely punetate. the elytra often with narrow
greenish stripes or even entirely greenish-black, length 4.5 mm..
both range from New York and Canada to Michigan and westward,
and perhaps occur in northern Indiana.
IX. Hyproporrs Clairv. 1806. (Gr.. ‘‘water+to walk.’’)
To this genus belong a large number of small species quite simi-
lar in gencral appearance and therefore diffieult to distinguish.
They are mostly ovate in form. dark brown in color and have the
head never margined in front; the prosternum never truneate
behind; swimming legs feeble. When captured in a water net. they
leap or spring a few inches at a time. much in the same manner as
do “click beetles."* The following species have been taken or may
oceur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS.
a. Hind coxal cavities not contiguous.
&. Elytra variegated in eolor.
c Under surface black or piceous; form oval; length 3.5 mm.
“416. concINNUS.
ee, Under surface reddish-brown: form broader, more obtuse in front.
Inere acute behind : length 2.7 mm. PU LCHER,
6b, Vlytra unicolorous,
d. Under surface bhick or piceousx: proxternal spine large.
a
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES.
ve. 'Lhorax strongly margined, sparsely but distinclly punctate.
417, STAGNALIS.
OBLITUS.
ce. Thorax finely margined, almost smooth.
dd. Under surface reddish-brown; prosternal process small; head and
418. VILIs.
thorax darker than elytra.
419. DIFFORMIS.
aa, Hind coxe contiguous.
f. Form elongate, obconic; antenne of male with joints 3-5 dilated;
length 5.5-G nam.
ff. Form oval or oblong-oval; antenns of male not dilated; length not
more than 5 mm.
g. Under surface reddish-brown; side margins of thorax generally
thickened.
h. Elytra coarsely punctured, with two smooth, narrow lines on
each; above black or piceous, head and elytral markings dull
STRIATOPUNCTATUS.
yellow. 420.
hh. Elytra without smooth lines.
i. Clypeus rounded, broadly margined; elytra blackish with bars
or spots of reddish-brown.
421. CONSIMILIS.
422. UNDULATUS.
j. Thorax finely and indistinctly margined.
jj. Thorax broadly and distinctly margined.
ii. Clypeus rounded, not margined.
ik. Elytra blackish with yellow markings; form elongate-oval ;
thorax not infuscate. MIXTUS.
kk. Elytra reddish-yellow with elongate or oblong black mark-
ings.
i. Thorax with base and apex fuscous; form convex; sur-
face with dense fine yellow pubescence. SERICEUS.
il. Thorax narrowly fuscous at base; form subdepressed ;
423. DIMIDIATUS.
pubescence much less distinct.
gg. Under surface (except sometimes the abdomen) black or piceous ;
424. NIGER.
side margins of thorax not thickened.
MODESTUS.
m. Thorax evenly and regularly punctate.
n. Punctures of elytra distinct; length 4 mm.
425.
nn. Punctures of elytra indistinct; length 5 mm.
mm. Thorax unevenly and irregularly punctate, the disk often smooth,
or nearly so.
o. Thorax finely and somewhat indistinctly margined at the sides.
p. Abdomen reddish-brown, paler than meso- and metathorax ;
elytra finely and indistinctly punctured.
q. Elytra piceous; form more slender and parallel; length
3-3.5 mm. 426. PROXIMUS.
qq. Elytra reddish-brown ; form broader in front, more pointed
427. DICHROUS.
428. AMERICANUS.
behind; length 4 mm.
pp. Abdomen black or piceous, not paler than meso- and meta-
thorax; elytra distinctly punctate; length 4 mm.
oo. Thorax distinctly margined at sides; black, legs reddish-brown ;
TENEBROSUS.
length 4 mm.
218 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCID®.
416 (1309). Hyprororts concinnus Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855.
207. :
Elongate-oval, attenuate behind. Head and thorax red-
dish-brown, the latter broadly infuscate at apex, more
narrowly at base; elytra-black with three irregular red-
dish-brown cross-bars. interrupted at suture, one sub-
basal, one just behind the middle and the third at apex.
Upper surface glabrous, very finely alutaceous. Elytra
euch with two more or less distinct strise of impressed
punctures and with numerous very minute, scattered ones.
Length 3.5 mm. (Fig. 109.)
sae Kosciusko, Marshall, Fountain and Lawrence
counties; frequent. June 27-August 15. A hand-
some species resembling widulatus, but readily distinguished by its
glabrous surface.
H. pulcher Lec., colored above as in concinnus, is reported by
Dury from Cincinnati. It is evidently very close to concinnus, and
Crotch considered them the same, but Sharp describes them as dif-
ferent.
H. oblitus Aubé, dark reddish-brown, slightly shorter and broad-
er than stagnalis, is also a species which may occur in northern In-
diana.
417 (1367). Hyproporvs stacnais G. & H., Cat. Col., 1870, 441.
Suboval, rather broad, sides parallel, obtusely rounded behind. Uni-
fourm dark reddish-brown, glabrous, feebly shining; head and thorax vary-
ing to paler. Thorax short, transverse, thickly margined; disk minutely
alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate at middle, more coarsely along
the base and apex. Elytra each with a median discal row of four to six
coarse punctures on basal half; elsewhere rather sparsely but distinctly
punctate. Length 3.5 mm.
Laporte County; rare. October 21. A member of the boreal
fauna. It is the collaris of LeConte, his name being preoccupied.
418 (1370). Hyproporvs viLis Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 208.
Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Head and thorax dark brown or picecus;
elytra paler reddish-brown. Upper surface glabrous, minutely alutaceous:
both thorax and elytra very finely, sparsely and evenly punctured. Length
3.3 Dom.
Found in numbers in mud and water beneath a stone in a deep
ravine five miles northwest of Terre Haute, Vigo County. October
20. Described from California and Oregon. H. terminatus Sharp
is a synonym, according to Blanchard. who has compared my speci-
mens with the LeConte type.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 219
+19 (1375). Hyproporus pirrormis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
298.
Elongate, obconic. Nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, glabrous; an-
tenn and legs paler. Punctures of elytra uniform in size and rather coarse ;
those of thorax much finer. Prosternal spine elevated at sides and along
the middle. Hind coxal lobes strongly developed. Length 5.5-6.2 mm.
Taken only in Marion County, from woodland pond near Broad
Ripple; scarce. March 14. Our largest member of the genus.
420 (1328). Hyproporus striaropuNctTaTus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., II, 1844, 28.
Hlongate-oval. Thorax and ground color of elytra piceous; elytral
markings consisting of a sub-basal curved bar, an indistinct subapical and
a distinct apical spot, dull yellow. Upper surface finely and sparsely pubes-
cent. Elytra each divided into three subequal spaces by two smooth im-
punctured longitudinal lines; the intervals between them coarsely and
sparsely punctured. Length 3.2 mm.
Marshall County, near south end of Lake Maxinkuckee; rare.
June 27.
421 (1820). Hyproprorus consimilis Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 214.
Oval, rather wide, slightly attenuate behind. Head
und thorax reddish-yellow, the latter fuscous on base
and apex. Elytra blackish, with three irregular red-
dish-brown spots; one marginal, extending from the
humerus back one-third the length of elytron, then
across nearly to suture, where it expands; one be-
hind the middle and one near or at apex; these very
variable in size and form. Length 4.5mm. (Fig. 110.)
Northern half of State; frequent. April 4-
Fig. 110. x 5$.
October 23. (After Wiekhare)
422 (1314). Hyproporus UNDULATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
102; ibid. II, 99, 515.
In LeCoute’s table this species is separated from cuonsimilis only by the
broader margin of the thorax. In the specimens at hand the ground color
is somewhat paler and the reddish-brown marks of the elytra are smaller
and more indistinct than in consimilis. Elytra more sparsely and coarsely
punctate than there. Length 44.5 mm.
Laporte and Marion counties; scarce. June 12.
H. miatus Lee., 4.1 mm., and H. sericeus Lee., 4.5 mm. in length,
both have a range which would indicate their presence in northern
Indiana.
423 (1827). Hyprororus pimip1atus G. & H., Catalog Col., 1870, 482.
semirufus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 296.
Oval, moderately attenuate behind. Pale brownish-yellow ; thorax with
a narrow black line on base; elytra each with seven or eight black spots,
220 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCID.
one sub-basal, three in oan irregukar row near the middle. and three sub-
apical; these often bifid behind, and sometimes mere or less confluent. Sur-
face closely and finely punctate. Length 4 mm.
Laporte, Starke, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. June
9—June 16.
424 (1361). Hyproporus Niver Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 102;
ibid. II, 515.
Oval, rather convex. Nearly uniform picecus above; head, legs and
region of humerus obscure reddish-brown; antennée fuscous. the base paler.
Thorax and elytra finely but distinctly and evenly punctured. xparsely
pubescent. Sides of meso- and metasterna and base of abdomen coarsely
punctured. Length 3.7-4 mm.
Marion County. from woodland pond near Broad Ripple; scarce.
April +-May 16.
425 (1366). Hyproports mopestus Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI. 1888. 576.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous; head, sides of thorax and elytra,
legs and often the sides of abdomen obscure reddish-brown. Thorax and
elytra finely and indistinctly punctate. rather densely pubescent. Hind
coxal plates finely and sparsely punctate; mesosternum coarsely punctured;
metasternum and abdomen almost smooth. Prosternal spine with a dis-
tinct median carina. Length 5 mm.
Throughout the State; trequent. April 4-October 21. The
males are more distinctly punctured and more densely pubescent
than the females.
426 (1823). Hyproports proximus Aubé, Spec. Gen. des Hydrocan, 483.
Oval, slightly convex. Head and thorax reddish-brown; elytra piceous;
sometimes with antenne, legs and palpi reddish-brown. Thorax with sides
feebly rounded. hind angles obtuse, disk sparsely punctate. Length 3-
3.5 nom.
Lake County. from small pond near Pine; rare. August 24.
427 (1359). Hyproports picHrous Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 28.
Broadly ovate, obtuse in front, pointed behind. Uniform reddish-brown
above; elytra rather thickly pubescent; legs and often the abdomen reddixh-
brown; pectus black or piceous. Upper surface, except disk of thorax. very
finely and evenly punctate. Length 4+ mm.
Marion and Putnam counties: scarce. April +June 20.
428 (1858). Hyproporus jMERICANUS Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838. 575.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, legs and disk of thorax pale reddish-
brown; remainder of upper surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Disk of
thorax almost smooth. Pubescence of elytra less dense than in allied
species, usually distinctly visible only on the sides. Length + mm.
THE PREDACEOUS DLVING BEETLES. 291.
Lake, Laporte and Starke counties; scarce. May 28—August 20.
H. tenebrosus Lec., is known from New Jersey and Lake Su-
perlor.
Tribe II. COLYMBETINI.
This tribe includes diving beetles of medium size or above, hav-
ing the tarsi distinctly 5-jointed, those of the males with the dilated
joints oblong. Nine genera are known to be represented in the
State, while a single species of another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COLYM®ETINI.
. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment smooth; smaller,
rarely 11 mm.
b. Hind tarsi with unequal claws.
c. Spine of prosternum not sulcate; elytra with a pale pubescent spot
on the inner face at apex. X. Ivysrus.
ce. Spine of prosternum deeply sulcate; elytra without pale spot.
XI. Marus.
bb. Hind tarsi with claws equal or nearly so.
d. Last joint of palpi emarginate; prosternal process much swollen
along the middle. XII. Corroromus.
dd, Last joint of palpi normal, not dilated or emarginate.
ce. Elytra deeply striate; prosternal spine but little swollen at mid-
dle. XIII. SOPERATUS.
ee. Blytra not distinctly striate. ‘
f. Thorax not margined; elytra beneath the lens showing numer-
ous very fine elongate striee; prosternum not-sulcate.
XIV. AGABETES.
ff. Thorax margined at sides.
g. Elytra with very fine longitudinal impressions ; iowa legs
short and stout; wing of metasternum linear, strongly
curved. XV. ILYBIOSOMA.
gg. Bilytra without fine stris; hind legs of medium length and
size; wing of metasternum wedge-shaped. XVI. AGABuS.
aa. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment rugose; larger,
usually 12 or more mm.
h. Upper surface conspicuously reticulate; thorax not margined on sides.
SCUTOPTERUS.
Nh. Upper surface not reticulate.
i. Blytra smooth, or in the female with short coarse lines; metas-
ternum with a broad. deep groove; thorax margined. :
XVII. ReHaNtTUs.
ii. Blytva with fine transverse wrinkles; metasternum with a narrow
indistinct groove; thorax not margined. XVI. CoLtyMBeres.
The ruvosities referred to under aa in the above table-are near
the first spiraele, and the elytron must be raised to see them prop-
erly.
222 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCIDA.
X. Inyprus Er. 1832. (Gr., ’’mud +life.’’)
Oblong, convex black or metallic beetles of medium size, having
the thorax margined and the prosternal spine compressed and
acute. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed.
thickly fringed beneath, the claws equal, the anal segment often
carinate; female with anal segment cmarginate. The upper sur-
face, when viewed with a lens, is seen to be finely reticulate, while
beneath they are finely strigose. On the sides of the elytra are two
small pale spots. one of which is subapical.
Two species have heen taken in Indiana while three others may
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ILYBIUS.
a. Hind tarsi of males with the joints margined at the outer Inwer edge;
all four spots of elytra distinct.
b. Last ventral segment of male acutely carinate; above dark reddish-
brown. 429. IGNARUS.
bb. Last ventral of male not carinate, its apical portion with coarse
lengthwise strie; upper surface greenish-bronzed, metallic.
SUBENEUS.
aa. Hind tarsi of males not margined at the lower outer edge.
ec. Last ventral of male carinate; one or both elytral spots very faint.
ad. Black, slightly bronzed; elytra without reddish marginal stripe.
430. BIGUTTULUs.
dd. More strongly bronzed; elytra with reddish margins.
FRATERCULUS.
ec. Last ventral of male not carinate; elytra with margin broadly red
from the humeri to beyond the middle. CONFUSUS.
429 (1385). Ityprus 1eNarus Lec., Proc. Phil. Avad. Nat. Sci., 1862. 521.
Elongate-oval, not dilated at middle. Dark reddish-brown; margin of
elytra slightly paler, the front spot linear; legs piceous. Front tarsal claws
of male distinctly sinuate beneath. Length S-9.5 mm.
Shore of Lake Michigan near Pine. Lake County: rare. May
25. Also one specimen marked ‘‘Ind.’’ in Webster collection. |
I. subeneus Erichs., 11.5 mm.: Jf. fraterculus Lee., 10.5 mm., and
I. confusus Aubé, 11 mm. in length, are all members of the boreal
fauna which have been taken in Michigan and perhaps oceur in
northern Indiana.
430 (1389). ILyBrus BIGUTrULUS Germ.. Ins. Sp. Noy.. 1824. 20.
:Oval, convex, slightly dilated at middle. Antenne and front and mid-
dle legs, reddish-brown ; under surface and hind legs piceous.
Length 10-11 mm. (Fig. 111.)
Lake, Laporte. Starke. Vigo and Fountain coun-
ties; probably throughout the State: frequent. April
23-October 6. When caught with the fingers it ex-
udes from the under side a white milky substance,
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 223
XI. Matts Aubé. 1838.
Here belongs one medium-sized species having the head very
broad; thorax margined; prosternum deeply sulcate; claws of hind
tarsi unequal, the outer one being nearly twice as long as inner.
431 (1404). Marts picartnatus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 98;
ibid. II, 512.
Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Uniform brownish-red. shining; an-
tenne paler. Thorax rounded at sides, front angles acute. Elytra with
two or three rows of faint dorsal punctures. Length S—-9 min.
Lake, Marshall, Wells, Marion and Vigo counties; frequent.
Hibernates. March 14-December 20. Readily known by the elon-
gate form and peculiar color.
NII. Coproromeis Sav. 1834. (Gr. ‘feut + joint.’’)
Aledium-sized oval species having the terminal joint of the palpi
somewhat compressed and notched at tip; presternum with an ele-
vated carina; last Joint of hind tarsi equal to fourth; claws equal,
pressed together and apparently single. One
species occurs in the State. ,
4532 (1896). CoproroMUs INTERROGATUS Fab., Syst.
Eleut., I, 1801, 267.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, thorax and un-
der parts reddish-brown; vertex black; thorax
black at base and apex; clytra pitch-brown, with
numerous very small pale markings, a short stripe
near the scutellum and an irregular marginal stripe,
yellowish. Female with basal portion of elytra
less shining than in male and marked with short,
dense indistinct striw. TLength 7mm. (Fig. 111a.)
Throughout the State; frequent. Mareb
16-October 28. Probably hibernates. Taken
at electric light in June.
Fig. 11a. (After Sharp.)
NIU. Corenatts Er. 1852. (Gr., ‘‘oar or leg + wide.’’)
Rather small beetles having the claws equal in both sexes; pro-
sternum with an acute carina in front; hind femora not ciliate at
apex. The males have the fore and middle tarsi dilated and fur-
nished with small equal disks. One species occurs in Indiana.
433. (1402). CopELATUS GLYPHICUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
99; ibid. II, 512.
Ollong-ovate, rather narrow, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown or
piceous: antennze and legs paler. Thorax almost smooth. Elytra each with
ten deeply impressed strive, reaching almost to apex. Length 5-G mm.
Throughout the State; searee. April 4—-October 21,
[15—23402]
224 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCID.©.
RIV, AcaABETES Crotch. 1873. (Gr., ‘‘good +swimmeyr.’’)
This genus contains but one short, broad, depressed species hav-
ing the head somewhat flattened; thorax very short, with sides
rounded, not margined; prosternal spine with an acute carina. The
males have the anal segment deeply impressed each side, and the
front tarsal claws very long.
434 (1405). AGABETFS acupDUcTUS Harr., New Eng. Far., 1828, 124.
Oval, subdepressed. Blackish or piceous, feebly shining; head, side
margins of thorax and humeri of elytra reddish. Disk of thorax and sur-
face of elytra with very numerous short scratches or impressions. Length
7-7.5 mn.
Lake, Kosciusko and Knox counties; rare. April 29-Septem-
ber 2. :
XV. Inysiosoma Croteh. 1873. (Gr., “‘mud or slime + body.’’)
This genus comprises two medium-sized species having the hind
tibie and tarsi very short; first tarsal joint shorter than the tibial
spur. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed, nar-
rowly dilated; claws simple. One of the two, described from Can-
ada and belonging to the boreal fauna, occurs in northern Indiana.
435 (1399). ItyBIosoMa BIraRIA Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., 1V, 1837, 71.
Oblong-ovate, subeconvex. Black, shining; head in front, antennx, legs
and side margins of thorax reddish-brown. Elytra with numerous minute
longitudinal impressed lines which, behind the middle, are transverse. Length
6-7 mm.
Represented in the collection by a single specimen taken near
Pine, Lake County. May 3.
XVI. Agapus Leach. 1817. (Gr., a proper name.)
A large number of blackish or more or less metallic, rarely varie-
gated beetles, ranging from 7 to 12 mm. in size and having the
thorax margined; prosternum often acutely carinate; claws of hind
tarsi equal; elvtra usually very finely reticulate or alutaceous. The
front tarsi of the males are swollen, the joints beneath being clothed
with hairs which are usually tipped with minute disks. The hind
legs are rather feebly developed for swimming. and the beetles are
therefore often found under stones in wet, grassy places, or about
the roots of semi-aquatic plants in marshes and shallow pools.
More than 50 species are listed from the United States. Of these,
10 are known from Indiana while several others doubtless occur.
On account of their close similarity they are difficult to separate un-
Jess both sexes are at hand,
TILE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 225
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGABUS,
a, Outer front tarsal claw of male elongate and dilated or thickened be-
neath.
b. Elytra brownish-yellow; length 9.5 mm. ERYTHROPTERUS.
bb. Elytra black, finely and densely reticulate; length 6.5-7.5 mm.
4386. ANTHRACINUS.
aa. Outer front claw of moderate length, not dilated beneath.
c. Front tarsal claws of male compressed, obtusely dentate at base.
d. Elytra brownish, more or less pale; inner margin of hind tibise
without punctures; prosternal spine acutely carinate along the
middle; length 8.5-9.5 mm. 437. CONFINIS.
dd. Elytra black or brassy black; inner margin of hind tibiz with a
row of punctures; prosternal spine broad, nearly flat; length 9—
10 mm. 438. SERIATUS.
ce. Front tarsal claws of male simple or acutely dentate.
e. Front claws of male simple.
f. Inner margin of hind tibise without punctures.
g. Prosternal spine rather narrow, convex.
h. Elytra dark reddish-brown, very shining, without a submar-
ginal pale stripe, their surface not coarsely reticulate;
length 7.5-8.5 mm. 439, PUNCTATUS.
hh. Elytra fuscous with a reddish-yellow submarginal stripe;
their surface coarsely and unequally reticulate; length
8 mm. RETICULATUS.
gg. Prosternal spine broad, flat, polished; elytra black, each with
a dull yellow submarginal stripe.
4. Broadly ovate; under surface reddish-brown; length 10 mm.
440. STAGNINUS.
ii. More narrowly ovate; under surface black; length 7.5-8 mm.
OBTUSATUS.
ff. Inner margin of hind tibize with a row of deep punctures; thorax
finely margined; elytra uniform piceous, shining; length 9 mm.
441, GAGATES.
ee. Outer front claw of maie acutely dentate near the base.
j. Blytra dull yellow with black stripes.
k. Body beneath wholly red; first joint of middle tarsi equal to
the next three combined; length 9 mm. TANIOLATUS.
hie. Meso- and metasterna and cox:ie black; first joint of middle
tarsi less elongate; length 7.5-S mm. 442. DISINTEGRATUS.
Jj. FElytva not dull yellow.
i. Elytra rveddish-piceous with a greenish or brassy tinge, finely
punctulate; length 7 mm. 443. AZNEOLUS.
i. Elytra black.
m. Form broad, subdepressed; elytra with a subapical pale
stripe; length $.5-9 mm. 444, SEMIVITTATUS.
mm. Form narrow, convex; elytra without pale stripe but with
numerous irregular punctures; length 6-7 mm.
445. SEMIPUNCTATUS.
226 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCLD.E.
aA. erythropterus Say. A. reticulatus Aubé and A. obtusatus
Say are members of the boreal fauna known from Massachusetts to
Lake Superior and perhaps occur in northern Indiana.
486 (1483). AGABUS ANTHRACINUS Mann., Bull. Mosc... II, 1852, 304.
Oval, moderately convex. Black, subopaque; antennz, palpi and legs
reddish-brown. Upper surface everywhere finely and densely reticulate.
Elytra with a few fine scattcred punctures toward apex. Prosternum dis-
tinctly widened behind the front cox, subcarinate its full length. Front
and middle tarsi of male with distinet but small disks. Length G-7.5 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. Taken from border of
sphagnum marsh. <A boreal species ranging to Hudson’s Bay and
Alaska.
457 (Q800). AGABUS CONFINIS Gyll, Ins. Suee., I, 1827, 511.
Oblong-oval, convex. Head, thorax and under surface black; elytra
dark brown, polished; antenne, front legs and margins of elytra reddish-
brown; hind femora piceous. Elytra sparingly and irregularly punctate.
Length 8.5-9.5 mm,
Lake and Laporte counties; frequent beneath rubbish along the
shores of Lake Michigan. May 5-November 9.
458 (1411). AGABUS SERIATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Svc., IL, 1823, 97;
ibid. II, 511.
Oblong-ovate. subconyex. Black. slightly bronzed, shining; antenn:e
and legs dark reddish-brown. Elytra very finely and closely reticulate.
with two or three dorsal rows of punctures evident but indistinct. Length
—10 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; searee. April 24-October 20. In
Vigo County taken from beneath stone in hottom of deep ravine.
459 (1421). Acasus PUNcTATUS Melsh.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. IL
Ist, 27.
Short, ovate, convex. Head, antennze and legs reddish-brown; thorax
and elytra darker brown: under surface piceous. Thorax with sides nearly
straight. the margin distinct. Elytra with irregular dorsal rows of pune-
tures and numerous additional scattered ones on apical half. Outer spur
of hind tibise broad and large. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.
Lake and Marion counties. Mareh 14-June 4+. Common in
woodland pond near Broad Ripple in early spring.
440 (1417). AGABUS STAGNINUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT, 1828. 100;
ibid. II, 513.
Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, slightly bronzed above.
shining; under parts reddish-brown; vertex with two small reddish spots.
Sides of thorax but little rounded, strongly margined. Elytra very finely
reticulate, with an indistinct submarginal yellowish stripe on apieal half
and three rows of rather large punctures. Length 10 nm,
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 297
Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. This spe-
cles 1s close to semivittatus but is larger, broader, more depressed
and the male has simple claws.
441 (1447). Acanus cacares .ubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 306.
Ovate, subconvex. Picésus, shining; antenme, legs, head in front, pro-
and mesosterna and sides of thorax more or less reddish brown. Sides of
thorax slightly rounded, rather strongly margined. Elytra finely and closely
reticulate with dorsal rows of fine but evident punctures. Prosternal spine
carinate. Length 9-9.5 mim.
Laporte and Vigo counties; scarce. August 26-November 4.
Those found on the latter date were taken beneath stones in a damp
ravine.
A. teniolatus Tarr., is recorded from Ohio, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania.
442 (1428). AcGabus DISINTEGRATUS Crotch, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, 416.
Ovate, subconvex. Head and thorax dull reddish, the
latter with the front and hind margins black; elytra dull
yellow, with three or four narrow black stripes. Surface
smooth. Length 8 mm. (TF ig. 112.)
Marion, Vigo and Lawrence counties; searce. ache
Fig.
- «3
March 14-October 18. (Alter Wickham.)
443 (——). AGABUS .ENEOLUsS Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, 417.
Ovate. Above reddish-brown or reddish-piceous, elytra often with a
greenish tinge; beneath black or piceous; antennze and legs paler. Thorax
strongly margined and with an angulate row of coarse punctures near the
hind angles. Wlytra very finely punctate and reticulate, with dorsal rows
of coarser punctures which are confused towards apex. Prosternal spine
subearinate. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 28. Taken from the beach of Lake
Michigan near Pine.
444 (1419). AGaBts seMiIvriTATUS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 204.
Rather broadly ovate, subconvex. Black, shining; elytra with an in-
distinct submarginal yellowish stripe on apical third; antenne and legs
reddish-brown. Sides of thorax nearly straight. Elytra finely and obso-
letely punctate, the dorsal rows of punctures irregular, rather deeply im-
pressed, confused toward the apex. Length 8.5-9 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Putnam, Morgan and Jefferson counties; scarce.
May 5-September 5.
44 (1423). AGabus semipuncTatus Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., TV, 1837, 69.
Oblong-ovate, convex, the sides rather parallel. Black; antennie, mouth
parts and legs reddish-brown, Elytra of male shining, very finely reticu-
228 PAMILY LV.—DYTISCIDA.
late, with the dorsal rows of punctures well marked and additional ones in
the intervals; of female opaque, more coarsely reticulate and without punc-
tures. <All the tarsal claws short and weak. Length 6-7 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties, beneath rubbish along the shores of
lakes; searce. May 25-October 21.
4
Ncutopterus angustus Lec.. black, length 16 mm., is known from
Canada, Lake Superior and Kansas.
XVII. Raanxrus Eseh. 1833. (Gr., ‘‘to wet or soak.’’)
Medium-sized species having the thorax margined; last joint of
hind tarsi as short as fourth, with claws unequal. Males with front
and middle tarsi compressed, dilated, and with four transverse
rows of disks on under side. The following species have been
taken or may occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF RHANTUS.
a. Claws of middle tarsi of male unequal, the outer one much longer than
the inner.
vb. Thorax with hind angles not prolonged; elytra blackish with numer-
ous fine dull yellow markings.
ec. Thorax with one or two median black spots; length 11.5-12 mm.
d. Legs dull yellow; discal spot of thorax divided by a narrow line.
BINOTATUS.
dd. Femora black; discal spot entire, transversely quadrate.
FLAVOGRISEUS.
ce. Thorax yellow, its front and hind margins black; length 10.5 mm.
446. BISTRIATUS.
bb. Thorax with base deeply bisinuate, the hind angles prolonged, acute;
elytra wholly black or piceous; length 10 mm. SINUATUS.
ad. Claws of middle tarsi of male equal; upper surface entirely black;
length 12 mm. 447. CONFUSUS.
R. binotatus Harv. and Rh. flavogriseus Croteh, both have a
range whieh may include northern Indiana.
446 (1466). Ruanres pistrratus Bergst., Nom., I, 42.
Rather shortly ovate. Head black, front and vertex dull yellow; thorax
yellow, its front and hind margins black; elytra blackish, the margins and
many small reticulate marks dull yellow ; prosternum and four front legs
reddish-brown ; remainder of under surface black. Outer middle claw of
male very broad, compressed. Length 9-10 mm.
Beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake County; rare. May
5-June 28.
I. sinuatus Lee., is known from New York, Illinois and Mich-
Igan,.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 229
447 ( ). RIMANTUS CONFUSUS sp. nov.
Klongate-oval, rather robust, subdepressed. Above uni-
form black, shining; antenne and palpi light reddish-
brown; tibixe and tarsi dark reddish-brown; under sur-
face piceous. Head smooth, the front with two smail
fover between the bases of antenne. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins dis-
tinct; surface with sparse fine punctures near the frout
and hind margins. Elytra each with four double rows
of fine, very confused punctures. Prosternum convex but a
not distinctly carinate along the middle. Length 12 mn. Vig. 113. x 2}.
(Wig. 113.) (Original.)
Floyd County; rare. Septennber 28. Deseribed from a single
male taken from beneath a stone on the shore of the Ohio River.
Under a strong lens the entire upper surface of both this and bis-
‘riatus is seen to be marked with very fine reticulated lines between
which are numerous exevedingly minute punctures. giving it the ap-
pearance of being alutaceous.
XVII. Cotymeeres Clairv. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘dive +swim.’’)
Rather large elongate hectles having the sides of thorax oblique,
not margined; seutellum punctate; elytra with very fine transverse
strize. The males have the anal segment triangularly emarginate
and joints 2 and 3 of front and middle tarsi clothed with small
equal disks. One species occurs in Indiana.
448 (1474). CoLyMBETES SCULPTILIS Harr., N. Eng. Far., 1829, 8.
Elongate-oval. Vertex black with two small paler spots ;
thorax, front of head and margins of elytra dull yellow,
the therax with a black transverse discal bar; disk of
elytra darker; under surface black, legs and hind mar-
gins of abdominal segments reddish-brown. Length 16 unm.
(Fig. 114.)
Occurs sparingly along the shore of Lake Michi-
gan; not noted elsewhere but should oecur. May
Fig. 114. x 1} = 9
(After Wickham.) 5—June 6.
Tribe III. DYTISCINI.
Diving beetles of large or medium size, easily distinguished by
the peculiar dilated form of the front tarsi of the males. In these
the first three joints form a circular cushion with small disks on the
under side. The middle tarsi are also frequently dilated, the joints
heing oblong with variously arranged disks or suckers beneath.
Sometimes, as in wteiivs, there are three well-marked sizes of disks
on the same foot. The tribe is represented in the United States by
six gencra, five of which occur in Tndliana.
230 FAMILY 1V.—DYTISCIDE.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DYTISCINI.
«a. Length one inch or more; joints of hind tarsi not fringed with flattened
hairs on the outer margin, the last one with two claws: front tarsi
of males with two large and numerous small disks.
XIX. Dytiscvs,
aa. Length scarcely exceeding one-half inch; joints of hind tarsi fringed on
the outer margin.
vb. Spurs of hind tibice acute at apex; claws of hind tarsi unequal.
XX. Hybaticus.
bb. Spurs of hind tibise emarginate at apex.
c. Elytra either 4+-sulcate (female), or with distinct. closely placed.
moderate sized punctures (male). aol, ACLS,
ec. Elytra not distinctly punctured, sometimes very finely punctulate
or partially aciculate.
d. Middle femora with long conspicuous setiv.
XNNII. THERMONECTES.
dd. Middle femora with short, stout setze. XNIITI. Grarnyoperss.
The emarginate or bifid tips of the tibial spurs in the last three
genera are very fine, and must be looked for with a good lens.
NEX. Dytiscus Linn. 1735. (Gr., ‘‘a diver.’’)
To this genus belong the largest of our diving beetles. They
are of a dark olive-brownish hue, with the elypeus and a stripe
along the sides of thorax and elytra dull vellow; front and hind
margins of thorax
also usually more or
\ less vellow. (Fig.
oO 115.) Form — elon-
gate-oval, little con-
vex and of variable
'
in
j
1
Ki
i
: width; elypeus sepa-
rated from head by
y%.. a suture visible
. across the full width
ef head; thorax not
maregined; claws
equal in both sexes.
mm The females of some
Fig. 115. Dytiseus:—a, larva of D. marginalis devouring a larva of species always hav C
Bphernera; 6, pupr of same; ¢, D. fasriventris Say; grooved ely {ron of
femile; d, front tarsus of male, under side, showing the suction cups; ¢, the elytra deeply and
sime of female. (After Riley.) 2
breadly sul-ate; in
some they are always smooth, while in a third group the females
are dimorphic, i. e., have either smooth or suleate elytra. Four
species are known from Indiana, while three others perhaps occur.
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BERTLES. 231
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DYTISCUS.
«. Labrum distinctly emarginate at middle.
b. Hind coxal processes rounded or acute, not spinuse.
« Thorax with sides yellow, base and apex not or only indistinctly so.
d. Abdominal segments reddish-brown with a piceous hind margin;
elytra of female always sulcate. 449. FASCIVENTRIS,
dd. Abdominal scements uniform black or piceous; elytra of females
smooth.
e. Klytra without a narrow subapical cross-bar of yellow ; smaller,
25-27 min. 450. ITYBRIDUS,
ee, Elytra with a narrow oblique subapical cross-bar; larger, 32-
35 man. 451. VERTICALIS.
ec, Thorax with base and apex, as well as sides, distinctly and rather
broudiy yellow ; females dimorphic.
f. Hind coxal processes acute; length 53 mim. MARGINALIS,
ff. Hind coxal processes obtuxe; length 80 mim. SUBLIMBATUS.
bb. Hind coxal processes produced, distinctly spinose; thorax with base,
apex and sides breadly yellow ; length 81-85 mm. DAURICUS,
aa. Labrum nearly truncate at middle; thorax with all the margins dis-
tinetly and broadly vellow; females dimorphic. 452. HARRISII.
449 (1481). DyTIScUS PASCIVENTRIS Say, Long's Exped., IT,
2703 ibid. I, 177.
Hlongate-oval. Greenish-black abave; thorax margined
with yellow only on the sides, or with a faint trace of yel-
Jow at base and apex. Elytra of female each with ten
erooves which reach beyond the middle; their apical third
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 25-28 mm. (Fig.
116.)
Dekalb and Marion counties; frequent. April 10-
Fig. 116.
July 18. Natural size.
450 (1782). Dytiscus HypRripus Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1858, 116.
Regularly ovate. Thorax shorter than in fuscirentrix, the apex usually
hirrowly yellow and sometimes with a faint yellow line at base. Pale mar-
gin of elytra of nearly equal width thr sughout. Length 26-28 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Starke, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent.
April 15-September 19.
on
451 (1483). Dytiscus verticals Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1828,
92; ibid. 11, 506.
Oval. rather broad. Thorax margined with yellow ouly on sides. Ely-
tra with three rows of well marked dorsal punctures; the marginal yellow
line narrowing on apical half, the subapical line often somewhat indistinct.
Length 38-35 nun.
Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, Lake County; searee.
May 25.
232 FAMILY IV.—DYTISCLD.%.
D. marginalis Linn., D. sublinbatus Lee. and D. dauricus Gebl.,
are all boreal species which may occur in northern
Indiana.
452 (1491). Dyviscus warrisit Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.
1837, 76.
Broadly oval. Thorax at base, apex and sides broadly
bordered with yellow. Elytra with marginal stripe nar-
rowed only near apex, and with a narrow subapical cross-
bar as in rerticalis. Abdominal segments reddish-yellow
nuirgined with piceous. Length 38-40 mm. (Fig. 117.)
4 Lake and Marion counties; rare. June 26. Our
Fig. 117, Two-thirds largest and best marked species. The Marion Coun-
natural size.
(After Wickham.) t specimen is in the Dury collection.
NX. Hyparicus Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘found in the water.’’)
Moderate sized, convex. regularly oval species having the thorax
not margined; prosternal spine with a rather broad oval expansion,
and obtuse or rounded at apex; hind tarsal claws unequal, the inner
one the longer. The dilated front tarsi of males bear numerous
subequal disks, the middle tarsi being also broadly dilated and with
four rows of disks. Three species have been taken in the State.
while another niay occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDATICUS.
a. Rows of punctures on upper face of hind tibize distant from one an-
other and parallel with outer border of tibize.
bd. Abvye reddish-brown: sides of thorax dull yellow. 453. PICEUS.
bb, Above piceous:; thorax reddish with a black basal cross-bar.
e. Elytra cach with four or five narrow dull yellow lines.
454.0 STAGNATIS,
ee. Wlytra uniform piceous, the margin only paler.
455. LEVIPENNIS,
aa. Rows of punctures on upper face of hind tibixe rather clese together
and not parallel with hind margins; thorax as iu stegnalis; elytra
with a submarginal yellow stripe, recurved at the humerus and not
reaching apex. BIMARGINATUS,
4o8 (1479). Hyparicus preevs Lee., New Sp. N. Amer. Col.. I, 1863, 23.
Oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown: subopaque, front of
head, margins of thorax and elytra paler; front and middle legs pale brown;
hind legs and abdomen darker. Dorsal rows of punctures evident but indis-
tinct. Female with several irregular elongate punctures each side of mid-
dle of front of thorax. Length 12--15 mm.
Lake and Wells counties; searee. April 29—June 25.
454 (1477). Hypaticus sraanaris Fab.. Mant. I, 191.
Ovate, subconvex, Above piceous; thorax and front of head reddish-
yellow, the former with a curved black basal cross-bar which does not reach
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 233
the margins; elytra with the margin broadly yellow and usually with a
sub-basal yellowish band from which extend backward four or five narrow
dull yellow lines; under surface dark piceous, the prosternum paler. Length
12.5-14 mm.
Lake and Steuben counties; rare. May 27-August 16.
455 (1478). Hypaticus t&virpennis Thoms., Op. Ent., III, 324.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous abuve and beneath; front of head,
thorax except a basal cross-bar, front and middle legs and antenne reddish-
yellow; side margins of elytra dull brownish-yellow; middle tibise piceous.
Dorsal rows of punctures distinct. Female with tips of elytra slightly pro-
duced and subsinuate. Length 12.5 mm.
One male in Field Museum collection from ‘‘Ind.,’’ probably
St. Joseph County. The dark basal cross-bar of thorax is widest at
middle and tapers to a line each side.
H. bimarginatus Say. 12 mm. in length, oceurs from Ohio to
Georgia and Florida.
XXI. Acturus Leach. 1817. (L., «a Roman name.)
Aledium-sized subdepressed species, slightly obovate in
form, and having the upper surface distinctly and regu-
larly punctate; thorax not margined; hind coxe very
large. Females with elytra either sulcate or smooth.
Males with front tarsi broadly dilated, with one large and
two small disks beneath, the middle tarsi simple, the
hind claws equal. (Fig. 118.) Two species have been cater Comstock)
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACILIUS.
a. Vertex with a distinct M-shaped black mark; sulci of female elytra un-
equal in length, the cuter ones longer and reaching nearly to base.
v. Wind femora reddish-brown; length 12.5-14 mm.
456. SEMISULCATUS.
bb. Hind femora black; length 12 mm. MEDIATUS.
aa, Vertex without an M-shaped mark; sulci of fomile subequal in length
and reaching only te middle of elytra; length 13-15 mm.
457. F¥RATERNUS.
156 (1492). ACILIUS SEMISULCATUS Aubé, Spec. Gen.,
VT, (SSS. Te
Broadly oval or obovate. Dull brownish-yellow above ;
head with base and an M-shaped mark on vertex
black; thorax with two transverse black lines on
disk, the front one the wider; elytra closely marked
with black dots and with subapical yellowish cross-
“bar. Length 12.5-14 mm. (Fig. 119.)
Lake, Marshall, Marion and Vigo counties;
119 x 2 :
(After Wickham) frequent. June 12-August 15,
234 FAMILY [V.—DYTISCID.E.
A. mediatus Say has the same range es the other two species,
and should therefore occur in the State.
457 (1493). AcCILIUS FRATERNUS Ilarr., New Eng. Far, S82, 8.
Close to scmisulcatus, but a little larger. darker and more densely
puuctured. Black lines of thorax broader; femora nearly black. Length
3-14.5 mm.
Marion, Putnam and View «ounties; frequent. March 14-Au-
vust 12. In coitu on the earlier date. motionless. heads downward
and ventral sides together. When disturbed they dived quickly
and hid in the leaves and trash at the bottom of the water.
XXII. THermoxecres Esch. 1533. (Gr., “ca warm spring +
swimmer. ’’)
Medium-sized, rather convex species resembling Acilius in ap-
pearance, but having the upper surface polished, smooth, or with
but one to three dorsal rows of punctures; thorax without side mar-
gins; prosternal process broad and short; hind tarsal claws unequal.
The front tarsi of the males bear two or three larger basal and
numerous small unequal disks on the lower side. The basal halves
of elytra of females are marked with numerous short, deep elongate
punctures. Two species occur in the State.
45s (1495). THERMONECTES ORNATICOLLIS Aubé, Spec, Gen. VI, 1888. 140.
Ovate. subcouvex. Absve dull yellow; head with vertex and an M-
shaped mark black; thorax with two transverse black lines. the front ope
the narrower; elytra marked with many small black more or less confluent
dots, and an indistinct black har behind the middle; under surface reddish-
brown. Elytra each with two discal rows of rather distinct distant pune
tures. Length 11.5-13 mm.
Vigo County; rare. May 2x,
459 (1496). TirekMONECYES BASILARIS Ilarr., N. Eng. Far.. 12s. 8.
Ovate, subconvex. Above black; head in front and a transverse line
on the vertex dull yellow; thorax with the sides and a narrow discal bar
of the same color; elytra with the margins. a sub-basal cross-bar and some
vague markings on the sides yellowish: under surface reddish-brown or
piceous. the front and middle legs jailer. Elytra punctate as in ornaticollis.
Length 9-10 mm.
Lake. Marshall and Putnam counties; scarce, May 20-Au-
gust 15.
NXT. Grapioperes Esch, 1833. (Gr.. ‘write + skin.’’)
This genus is close to Thermonectes. The males have the front
tarsi as there, but have also the middle tarsi dilated and bearing two
THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 235
rows of disks on under side. The elytra of female are either smooth
or rough, with minute tubercles. Two species are known from In-
diana
460 (1498). GrarpHoverES LiperUs Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
S25, 160; ibid. II, 271.
Slightly obovate, subdepressed. Ilead and thorax dull reddish-yellow,
the latter sometimes piceous at base; elytra blackish-brown, with numerous
fine yellow vermiculate marks, these sometimes forming a yellowish mar-
gin; under surface reddish-brown, the legs paler. Elytra each with two
rows of indistinct dorsal punctures. Length 11.5-12 mm.
Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent in woodland ponds.
August 7—August 12.
461 (1499). GraPHopERES FASCICOLLIS Ilarr., N. Eng. Far., VII, 1828, 156.
Broadly ovate, subconvex. Head with occiput and an M-like mark
black; thorax dull vellow with a rather broad black bar on front and hind
margins; elytra blackish, thickly marked with dull yellow dots, the mar-
gins and a very narrow sutural line vellow; under surface dull brownish-
yellow. Length 13.5-14.5 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; searce. March 23-May 27. This
species is said by Sharp to be distinguished from the European G.
cinereus Linn. hy the male having fewer disks on the front and
middle tarsi. In one male from Pine, Indiana, the middle tarsi are
not at all dilated.
Tribe IV. CYBISTRINI.
This tribe is represented in the United States by a small number
of large species belonging to the single genus Cybister, They have
the spiracles very small; hind legs broad and powerful; their tibix
short and broad, with the lower one of the two apical spurs dilated ;
hind claws very unequal, the inner being obsolete or wanting in our
species. The front tarsi of the males have joints 1-3 dilated into a
large circular disk bearing four rows of equal-sized cupules. In the
hollows behind the hind coxe of the males are four or five deep
ridges which, when rubbed by a ridge on the under side of the fe-
mur, form a stridulating organ.
XXIV. Cveisrer Esch. 1833. (Gr., ‘‘a tumbler or diver.’’)
This genus is considered as representing the highest and most
completely developed form of Dvtiscide. One of the five species
known from the United States occurs in Indiana.
236 FAMILY V.—GYRINID.
462 (1502). CyBISTER FIMBRIOLATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1825,
9; ibid. II, 506.
Ovate, more or less wedge-shaped. Above brown with a faint greenish
tinge; thorax and elytra with a bread yellow margin; front of head, four
front legs and spots at sides of abdominal segments 3 to 6, also yellow.
Thorax and elytra of female, except along the suture, with numerous fine
short impressed lines. Length 30-33 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 27-September 20. In
autumn sometimes found beneath rubhish on the beaches of lakes.
Family V. GYRINID-E.
THe Wurelicic BEETLES.
In the little bays of lakes and ponds and along the quiet places
of flowing streams one often sees. close into shore. large colonies
of beetles playing and gyrating upon the surface of the still water.
These beetles are oval or elliptical in form, somewhat flattened, more
or less attenuate at either end and usually of a brilliant bluish-black
color. The name of the family is founded upon the principal
genus Gyrinus, which in turn is derived from a Greek word mean-
ing ‘‘a circle,’’ and given to these insects on account of their habit
of moving in little circles upon the surface of the water. They do
not swim, as commonly stated, but glide or skate upon the surface-
film of the water in the same manner.as do the wherrymen or water-
spiders among the Hemiptera. Except when pursued they rarely
dive beneath the surface, and they then carry with them a small
supply of air and stay but a short time. Being so agile they are
difficult to capture even with a net. When handled they exude a
milky finid which usuaily has a disagreeable odor. but in certain
species resembles that of ripe apples. hence they are sometimes
called ‘‘apple bags.”’
Some of the species ovcasionally crawl out of the water onto logs.
stones or other objects. where they bask in the sunlight. If ap-
proached when so engaged, they let gv all hold and tumble. instead
of crawling back into the water, much in the same way as does a
basking turtle. When undisturbed, the colonies or groups are
usually massed close together, and are sometimes almest quiescent.
The least alarm will, however, cause a large. closely bunched assem-
bly to scatter widely in all directions.
From the margins of these groups individuals are continually
darting out for a short distance. then back again. These little jour-
neys are probably made in search of prey, as the beetles snap vigor-
THE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES. 237
ously at any small insect they meet upon the surface of the water.
Sometimes the outsider becomes alarmed and skates back at full
speed into the assembly, putting its members into wild stampede.
Although easily recognized by their form and habits, the Gyri-
mide are distinguished from allied families by having the eyes
completely divided by the sides of the head into
upper and lower parts, both rounded, so that
they appear to have four eyes, two for looking
up into the air and two for gazing down into the
water. (Fig. 120.) The antenne are very
short, thick, inserted behind the mandibles, the
third joint enlarged so as to resemble an ex- ia
ternal ear, the following joints rather broad and path Dinata i thew de
united so as to form a spindle-shaped append- “4° y® (After Folsom)
age (Fig. 4, No. 16) ; front legs very long, rather slender, and when
at rest placed in oblique grooves between the pro- and mesosterna;
middle and hind legs short, broad, very much flattened; tibie with-
out spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, the joints in part flattened and trian-
gular.
The eggs of the Gyrinide are laid in parallel rows upon the
leaves of aquatic plants. The grubs are long, narrow and much
flattened, and breathe by means of tracheal gills attached to the
abdominal segments. (Fig. 121.) They are chiefly carnivorous,
and when full grown leave the water and spin a gray, paper-like co-
coon on some nearby object, in which they undergo the pupal stage.
Only about 40 species of Gyrinide are known from the United
States. These are divided among three genera, two of which are
known to occur in the State, while the single species of the third
is recorded from Quincey, Tllinois, and may yet be found in the
western part of Indiana.
The only papers treating of the North .\merican species of the
family are as follows:
LeConte—‘‘The Gyrinide of America North of Mexico,’’ 1
Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 365.
Roberts, C. H.—‘‘The Species of Dineutes of America North of
Mexico,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIT, 1895, 279.
KEY TO GENERA OF GYRINID.©.
a. Last ventral segment depressed, rounded at tip.
». Seutellum distinct; length less than 8 mm. J. Gyrinus.
vb. Scutellum invisible; labrum transverse; length 9 or more min.
II. DINevutes.
23S FAMILY V.—GYRINIDA.
aa. Last ventral elongate, conical; labrum prominent; scutellum invisible;
length 6 mm. GYRETES.
I. Gyrrxvus Linn. 1733. (Gr., ‘‘a cirele or ring.’’)
ety Our members of this genus are smaller, more
UW > narrow and more convex than those of the next.
They have eleven rews of distinct punctures on
each elytron which, when held in a certain hght,
usually reflect a golden tint; the legs are always
a reddish-brown or yellowish in hue. (Fig. 121.)
t iN On account of the close resemblance between the
AS species. their definition and recognition is quite
tat difficult. The following have been taken or per-
Fig. 121. 1, beetle; 2, larva. Yi :
(After Packard.) haps oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GYRINUS,
«a. Scutellum finely but distinctly carinate. 463. MINUTUS.
aa, Scutellum flat.
». Under side margin of thorax and epipleura brownish-yellow.
c. Under surface uniform brown or brownish-yellow.
d. Larger, 6-7 mm. .
ec. Polished black, not bronzed or iridescent. 464. FRATERNUS.
ee. Black. very highly iridescent. margins and sides bronzed.
f. Tips of elytra rounded; form broader. 465. VENTRALIS.
ff. Tips of elytra truncate; form more narrow. AQUIRIS.
dd, Smaller, 4.5-5.5 mm.
g. Form more elongate; tips of elytra rounded, covering only half
of last ventral segment.
h. Margins. sides and suture of elytra distinctly bronzed.
466. ENEOLUS.
Wh. Elytra not at all bronzed. 467. DICHROUS.
gg. Form short, broad; tips of elytra nearly truncate, almost or
wholly covering the last ventral segment. 46S. LIMBATUS.
cee. Under surface black or piceous, bronzed; last ventral segment red-
dish-brown.
i. Upper surface finely alutaceous; length 7-S mm. 469. AFFINIS.
ii. Upper surface not alutaceous: length 5.5 mm. 470. PICEOLUS.
bb. Under side margin of thorax and epipleura metallic black.
j. Front margin of mesosternum regular in form.
k. Elytra highly polished, distinetly bronzed.
1. Smaller and more narrow. 5-6 min.: outer rows of elytral
punctures but little stronger than inner. 471. ANALIS.
il. Longer and broader. T min.; outer rows of elytral punctures
distinctly impressed. 472. BOREALIS.
kk. Elytra black. scarcely polished and not at all bronzed.
473. LUGENS.
Jj. Front margin of mescsternum trilobed, with an oblique impression
each side: under surface black; length 5-6 mm. PLCTORALIS,
TILE WIHIRLIGIG BEETLES. 239
463 (1505). Gyrinus minutus Fab., Syst. Elent., 1, 1801, 276.
Elongate-oval, Above blue-black; sides and margins of elytra bronzed ;
beneath brownish-yellow, abdomen black, last. ventral segment piceous. Me-
dian line of thorax and scutellum with a fine carina; mesosternum with a
deep median furrow. Length 44.5 min.
Woodland pond near Broad Ripple. Marion County; scarce.
May 15. Readily known by the carinate scutellum and bicolored
under surface.
404 (1508). . GYRINUS FRATERNUS Coup., Can. Nat. 2nd Ser., II, 60.
Elongate-oval, rather robust. Above bluish-black, polished, not bronzed ;
under surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Tips of elytra broadly rounded.
Length ( mim.
Pine, Lake County and Hudson Lake, Laporte County; scarce.
May 20-Angust 20. Known by the more robust form and entire ab-
sence of bronzed lustre.
465 (1518). GyRINUS veNTRALIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV. 1837. SO.
Oval. Above black, very highly polished, iridescent ;
margins, sides and suture of elytra bronzed; beneath red-
dish-brown, sides and tip of abdomen a little paler. Length
O5-7 iim (ie, 122.)
Northern half «f State; common. March 14-
September 19. A handsome species, easily known
by its larger size and more brilliant iridescent sur-
face.
G. aquiris Lee., 6.5 mm. in length, is recorded ad
from the Middle States and Lake Superior. Me viginal) n
466 (1509). Gyrrnus aNroLus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, 1SG8, 36s,
Elongate-oval. Above uniformly black-bronzed, very shining; beneath
dark reddish-brown, the last two ventral segments paler. Elytral punc-
tures in both this and Jimbatus larger and more distinct than in dichrous.
Length 5-5.5 mm.
Low meadow ponds near Bass Lake, Starke County, and Hunt-
ingburg, Dubois County; searee. April &-May 9.
467 (1511). Gyrinus picmrovs Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 368,
Resembles the next but wholly without bronzed lustre. Punetures of
elytral strive smaller, more crowded. Length 4.5 mm.
Lake Maxinkueckee; scarce. August 17.
468 (1510). Gyrinus Limpatts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TT. 1825, 109;
ibid. IT, 520.
Short, broad, but little attenuate behind. Above black, shining, dis-
tinetly bronzed, especially so on margins and suture of elytra and front
margin of thorax; beneath reddish-brown, the middle segments of abdo-
[16-—23402]
240) FAMILY Y.
FY RINIDE:
men darker. Elytra broad, tapering but little behind. tips subtruncate,
outer angle rounded; covering the entire abdomen (male) or leaving only
the tips exposed (female). Length 3.8—+.2 mm.
Taken only along the borders of Wawasee and Hudson lakes,
where it was found in very large colonies. July 15—July 18.
469 (1519). GyBINUs sFFINIS Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838. 669.
Elongate-oval. Black, moderately shining; upper surface minutely alu-
taceous, margins bronzed; beneath dusky bronzed. the last ventral seg-
ment reddish-brown. Elytra with tips more concave than usual, their
punctures fine. close-set. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Putnam County: scarce. July 4.
470 (——-). GYRINUS PICEOL'’S Sp. DOV.
Oval, moderately convex. Black, polished, the suture and side mar-
gins of elytra bronzed; under surface black, the last ventral paler; epi-
pleura and legs reddish-brown. Elytral punctures well marked, the outer
two rows coarser. Length 5.5 mm.
Lake County: rare. Mav 5.
471 (1521). Gyrinus anatis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 10s;
ibid. II, 520.
Elongate-oval. Black. bronzed both above and beneath; upper surface
not highly polished; beneath black, legs and last ventral segment reddish-
brown. Elytra with tips broadly but obtusely rounded. Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 11—October 23.
472 (1527). GyrtNUs BorFALIs Aubé, Spec. Gen.. VI. 1838. 692.
Broadly oval. Above black, highly polished, margins and sides of ely-
tra bronzed; beneath black. the last ventral segment dark hrown. Pune-
tures of elytral strive fine, rather close. Length 7 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 23-August 15. Re-
sembles ventralis but broader and with under surface black.
475 (1528). GYRINUS LUGENS Lec.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1SGS, 369,
Broadly oval. Resembles borealis, but above black, slightly polished.
not at all bronzed; beneath black, the last ventral segment dark brown.
Elytra with tips more rounded and with outer angles less distinet: pune-
tures finer, more distant one from another. Length 6 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties: scaree. May 20—Tuly 15.
G. pectoralis Lee.. is a boreal species which may occur in north-
ern Indiana.
TT. Drsevtes MeL. 1819. | Gr..**te whirl or swim in an eddy.’’)
The species of this genus are all of fair size. more or less oval
and subdepressed. They have the upper surface usually shining.
THE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES. 241
bronzed and finely reticulate; labrum rounded in front and ciliate;
scutellum invisible; elytra with nine slightly impressed strie which
are sometimes very indistinct. Front tarsi of males moderately
dilated and densely clothed beneath with papilla, forming an elon-
gate, narrow brush. Four species are known from Indiana, while
another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DINEUTES.
a. Sides of thorax and elytra with a bronzed submarginal stripe; length
12-15.5 mm. VITTATUS.
aa. Sides without submarginal stripe; length not over 11 mm.
b. Under surface uniform brownish-yellow. 474. DISCOLOR.
bb. Under surface black or bronzed.
ce. Sutural angles of elytra rounded in both sexes; femora of male
toothed. 475. EMARGINATUS.
ec. Sutural angles distinct in female; femora of male not toothed.
d. Sutural angles of both sexes produced backward; tips of female
elytra feebly separated. 476. ASSIMILIS.
dd, Sutural angles of elytra of male rounded; those of female pro-
duced backward with the tips strongly separated.
477. HORNIT.
D~. vitlatus Aubé has a range which probably includes southern
Indiana, but it has not yet been taken in the State.
474 (1534). DINEUTES DISCOLOR Aubé, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 784.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex, narrowed in front. Above black-
bronzed, shining; under surface brownish-yellow to straw color. Elytra
with side margins at outer apical angle and tips slightly sinuate, the
sutural angles weakly produced; femora of male with a triangular tooth.
Length 11.5-13 mm.
Steuben, Kosciusko, Putnam and Martin counties; very common
in East Fork of White River. June 26—September 3. Hasily
known by the narrower front half of body and pale under surface.
475 (1538). DINEUTES EMARGINATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., If, 1823,
108; ibid. II, 519.
Rather broadly oval, moderately convex. Above black or blackish-
bronzed, not very shining; beneath black, very shining, slightly bronzed ;
middle and hind legs, narrow margin and tip of abdomen, paler. Side
margins of elytra in male, not in female, slightly sinuate near tips; sutural
angles broadly rounded. Length 10-11 mm.
Pond near University farm, east of Mitchell. Lawrence County ;
searce. August 7. Probably throughout the southern half of
State.
242 SERIES II.—CLAVICORNIA.
476 (1536). DINEUTES AsaIMUis Aubé, Spec. Gen. VI, USuS8. 17S.
Oblonz-oval. distinetly convex. Above black, strongly
bronzed: beneath black, very shining: abdominal segments
often tinged with brown; legs brownish-yellow. Elytra of
male feebly sinuate near tips. the latter but slightly sepa-
rated at suture, the angles but little produced backwards:
those of female more strongly sinuate both on side margins
and near tips. the latter more widely separated at suture,
the angles distinetly produced backwards. Length 10-11.5
nim, (Fie. Ia)
Fig. 123. x 2h. Throughout the State; common. May '—Septem-
(Original) per 19. This is the species usually known as the
‘““apple-bug,’’ on account of the odor exhaled from the milky fiuid
exuded from anal segment.
477 (——). DINEUTES HORNII Roberts, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NNIT, 1N05,
Psd.
Closely resembles ussimilis but usually smaller, more obovate. Distin-
guished by the elytra of males having the sutural angles rounded, those of
female more widely separated at apex. Length 9.5-11 mm.
Lakes of northern Indiana: common. May 6-August 20.
Gyretcs sinualus Lee., elongate-cval. dark bronzed. very shin-
ing, sides of thorax and elytra densely punctured and pubescent,
has been taken at Quincy. Tlinois.
Series II CLAVICORNIA.
This is a large and unwieldly group ef families having few char
acters In common, except that the antenne are enlarged to form a
more or less distinct club toward the tip. It is here that the tarsal
system has its feeblest value, as every possible variation exists from
the 5-jointed to the 1-jointed. In the tables which follow certain
families (whose numbers are given in parenthesis’. and other sub-
divisions* (whose names are given in italics). rightfully for the
most part belong to the Serricornia, but their antennx are often so
obviously clavate as to lead the student amiss. Those which there
belong are also included in the Nerrieornia table. where their aber-
rant character becomes at once apparent. In order to shorten and
simplify the key to families of Clavicornia the Series is first divided
into four groups cr Subseries. and these in turn into families.
KEY TO SUBSERIES OF INDIANA FAMILIES OF CLAVICORNLA.
a, Elytra short. leaving the greater part of the abdomen exposed above:
Wings usually present, aud when not in use folded beneath the short
elytra; dorsal part of the abdomen entirely horn-like in texture; tar-
sal jomts varying in number.
Subseries A. BRACHELYTRA CLAVICORNLA. p. 243.
~The number of the family to which these subdivisions belong is also included in parenthesis,
KEYS TO FAMILIES OF CLAVICORNIA. 243
ad. Elytra usually long, covering the grenter part of the abdomen; when
short the wings wanting or, if present, not folded under the short
elytra when at rest; dorsal part. of the abdominal segments partly
membranous.
b. Tarsal joints on at least one pair of tarsi, five in number,
Subseries B. PErENTAMERA CLAVICOKNIA, p. 243.
vb. Tarsal joints on all the tarsi less than five in number.
c. Tarsi four-jointed (front ones three-jointed in the males of some
Mycetophagide).
Subseries C. TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA, p. 246.
ec. All the tarsi three-icinted.
Subseries D. TrRIMERA CLAVICORNIA, p. 247.
Subseries A. BRACHELYTRA CLAVICORNIA.
This group or subseries comprises but two families, whose mem-
bers subsist for the most part upon decaying animal or vegetable
matter, or occur beneath stones, in rotten wocd or in the nests of
ants.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF BRACHELYTRA CLAVICORNIA,.
a. Abdomen not flexible; ventral segments 5 or 6; form short, robust ; max-
illary palpi usually greatly developed and variable in form; tarsi
with not more than three joints; length less than 3.5 mm.
Family X. PsrLapHip#, p. 305.
aa, Abdomen flexible or capable of being curled upward; seven or eight
segments visible from below; form usually narrowed and elongated.
Family XI. SrarpHyLINnipa®, p. 334.
Subseries B. PENT AMERA CLAVICORNIA.
This group is composed, for the most part, of land and water
scavenger beetles whose office it is to hasten the decomposition and
removal of dead organic matter. They occur upon dead animals,
under the bark of dead trees and on decaying fungi, fruit, ete. Of
them Le Baron has written: ‘‘The only other insects which can
ke compared with these in usefulness as scavengers, is the extensive
family of Muscide, in the two-winged flies. It is interesting to ob-
serve the order in which these various tribes of scavenger insects
perform their respective parts. First come the Muscidx, which, in
the form of carrion flies, deposit their eges or fly-blows upon dead
animal matter at the first moment of decay, and, in very hot weather
almost immediately after life has ceased. Soon after these come
the carrion beetles, the Silphe and Necrophori, whose larve, like
the maggots of the flesh flies, are seen reveling in the putrescent
matter at the most offensive stage of decomposition. When the
softer parts have been devoured and only the osseous and liga-
244 SERIES II.—CLAVICORNIA.
mentary portions remain. other families of scavengers succeed,
namely, the skin-beetles. Dermestide. and the bone-beetles, Necrobii
and Nitidule. which adhere to the dried carcass as long as any
vestige of animal matter remains.”’
The following families of this subseries are represented in In-
diana:
KEY TO FAMILIES OF PENTAMEEA CLAVICORNIA.
a. Ventral segments all free and movable.
b. Mentum large, the palpi distant at base.
ce. Eyes present; habits aquatic or subaquatic; mentum quadrate, its
hind angles not prolonged; antenne <hort. «r less than eleven-
jointed; maxillary palpi as long as or longer than the antenne.
Family VI. HyproPHILip#, p. 247.
ce, Eyes wanting; habits terrestrial; mentum transverse, its hind an-
gles prolonged; antennsz rather long. eleven-jointed, its outer
joints but slightly thicker. Family VII. Leprinp, p. 271.
bb. Mentum moderate or small, the palpi close together at base.
d. Front cox conical.
ec, Front cox transversely prolonged at middle. but slightly promi-
nent; thorax (in our species) serrate at margin; abdomen with
five visible segments, the first not elongated; antennie with the
last three joints s/mewhat but not suddenly enlarged; length
less than 3.5 mm. Family NNN. DERODONTID-E. p. 67.
ec, Front cox large. prominent, not transversely prolonged at mid-
dle.
f. Hind cox more or less conical and prominent.
g. Eyes finely cranulated, sometimes absent; hind cox usually
contiguous; antenne usually with a compact club. but
oftentimes nearly filiform (burying and carrion beetles).
Family VIII. SirpHip®, p. 212.
gg, Eyes coarsely granulated; hind coxze separated: length less
than 3 mm. Family IX. ScypM-£NIiD. p. 21.
ff. Wind coxze not prominent.
fh. Antennz long. slender, sometimes hair-like: clytra shorter
than albdemen, the latter thick. conical. and pointed. its
Jast ventral elongate: tarsi long and slender: length les
than 5 mim. Family NII. Scaparprp.£. pp. 490.
hh. Antenne mederate in length. capitate: hind cox zreoved
for the reception of the thighs in repose: body usually
sealy or pubescent: elytra entire; length le~s than 10 mm.
Family XXIV. Derwestip.£. p. 587.
dd, Frent cox not conical. not prominent.
i. Front coxe rounded or oval.
j. Hind coxe not grenved to receive the thighs.
k. Hind cox contiguous: body very compact and convex. ely-
tra entirely covering it: antenne with a three-jointed club;
length less than 5 min.
Family XIV. PHAaAtacrrp.£. p. 497.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF GLAVICORNTA. 245
kk. Hind coxze separated.
I, First ventral segment elongated; form elongate, slender ;
antennal club two-jointed.
Subfamily (XLIV). Lycting, p. Sot.
Wu. All the ventral segments subequal.
m. Middle coxal cavities not closed on the outer side by the
meeting of the meso- and metasterna; form very de-
pressed; antennse sometimes clubbed but more often
with the outer joints scarcely thickened.
Family XXI. Cucusipa, p. 560.
mm. Middle coxal cavities closed by the sterna; prosternum
prolonged, meeting the mesosternuim.
n. Front coxal cavities open behind; antenne with their
terminal joints distinctly enlarged; surface pubes-
cent and densely punctate; fotm oval or elongate-
oval; length less than 4 mm.
Family XXII. CrypropHacip®, p. 569.
nu. Front coxal cavities closed behind; all the tarsi dis-
tinctly five-jointed.
Group (XVIII). Dacnes, p. 544.
jj. Hind coxal plates grooved to receive the thighs; prosternum
prolonged behind and fitting into a notch of mesosternum ;
antennze with a three-jointed club; length less than 5 mm.
Genus (XXXVIII). Vhroscus, p. TT.
ii. Front coxre transverse.
o. Hind coxe flat, not grooved.
p. Antennee straight.
y. Tarsi more or less dilated, first joint not short, the fourth
smaller than any of the others; antenne with a three-
jointed club; elytra usually shorter than the abdomen.
the latter with five segments visible beneath ; color rare-
ly wholly black. FamilyX XVI. Nrrimviipr, p. G2S,
qq. Uarsi slender, the first joint short.
r. All the tarsi with five joints, the first or basal joint very
short; form elongate, usually depressed; length 5 or
more mm.
Family XNNVITL. Trocosrrip.%, p. G61,
rr. All the tarsi with joints 1 to 4 short; hind tarsi with
but four joints; form convex; length less than 3 mm.
Family (XLVIIT). Sprrrnpips, p. 901.
pp. Antenne elbowed and with a short compact club; tibie
usually all dilated; elytra usually truncate and shorter
than abdomen; form short, compact; black, rarely bi-
colored. Family XXV. Wisteria, p. 598.
oo. Hind coxse grooved to receive the thighs in repose; body
rounded or oval, convex; legs retractile.
Family XXXT. Byrriipa, p. 671.
aa. Ventral segments 1 to 3 firmly united (not movable), the others free
and movable; all the tarsi five-jointed.
246 SERIES I1.—CLAVICORNIA,.
s. Last joint of tarsi, long, claws large; head retractile, the mouth pro-
tected by the prosternum; aquatic or subaquatic species.
Family XXXII. Varsipa&, p. 675.
ss. Last joint of tarsi moderate, claws normal; thorax (in our species )
with deep grooves; mouth parts covered by a large mentum.
Family XX. Ruyssopip.£. p. 55s,
Subseries C. TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA.
In this group (with the exception mentioned in key to subseries),
the tarsi are four-jointed. The species live, for the most part, in
fungi, especially those growing on dead trees and logs; some are
subaquatie, living in mud or sand along the margin of water.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA.
a, Ventral segments all free and movable.
b. Wings fringed with hairs; very small, less than 2 mim.
c. Hind coxie contiguous, with plates covering the thighs; antennie
nine-jointed, club two-jointed.
Tribe (VIIL). Clanibini, p. 291.
ce, Hind cox separate, without plates; tarsi apparently three-jointed,
the basal joint concealed by the notched second joint ; mandibles
with comb-like teeth. Family XV. Coryrnornim.&, p. 501.
bb. Wings not fringed with hairs.
ad. Front coxre transverse; body contractile; length less than 2 mim.
Tribe (NNVI).) Cybocephatlini, p. GAT.
dd. Front coxre not transverse.
e. Front cox globose.
f. Tarsi slender; length less than 4 mm.
Subfamily (XVII). Wyecta@ine, p. odd.
ff. Tarsi more or less dilated and spongy beneath, the fourth joint
united with the fifth, so that only four are visible; antennze
strongly clubbed. Family XVIII. Erotyiim.r, p. 5°.
ec, Front coxie oval.
g. Front coxx well separated by the horn-like prosternum.
h. Form oval, depressed; head free; surface finely and densely
punctured and hairy; Jength less than 6 mm.
Family NNTIT. MycrrorHagipa®, p. O82.
hh. Form cylindrical; thorax prolonged over the head; length
less than 3.5 min. Family (XLVIL). Crorp.®, p. 89.
gg. Front coxse almost contiguous; prosternum semimembranous;
form small, rounded, convex; habits subaquatic; length less
than 1 mm. Family NNNTUI. GeEoryssip.&, p. 675.
aad. Ventral segments 1-4 firmly united, the fifth only being movable.
7. Antenne of regular form; tibise not dilated, not fitted for digging;
front and iniddle coxse small, globose; length less than 6 mm.
Family XIX. Corypripa, p. 549.
ii. Antenne short, the outer seven joints broad and short; tibie dilated,
armed with rows of spines and fitted for digging; labrum and
mandibles projecting forward; length less than 7 mm.
Family NNNIV. Tfererocertp.®, p. 682.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 247
Subseries D. TRIMERA CLAVICORNIA,
The members of this group have the tarsi all 3-jointed and the
ventral segments free. ‘They live either in fungi or feed upon plant
lice. The following families of the subseries are represented in the
State:
KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF TRIMERA CLAVICORNIA.
a. Wings fringed with long hairs; abdomen not prolonged and with 6 or 7
ventral segments; antennse with the basal and apical joints thicker
than the middle ones, the latter with whorls of long hairs; length
less than 2 min. Family XII. TRICcHOPTERYGIDA, p. 455.
aa. Wings not fringed.
b. Tarsi with second joint dilated; third joint consisting really of two
joints, the small true third joint being inserted at the base of the
last joint.
c Tarsal claws dilated or toothed at base; first ventral segment with
coxal lines; form usually rounded and convex; head nearly con-
ceuled by the thorax; last joint of maxillary palpi usually
hatchet-shaped ; length less than 8.5 mm.
Family XVI. CoccrNeLyip, p. 506.
ec, Tarsal claws simple; first ventral without coxal lines; form oblong
or oval, rarely globose; last joint of maxillary palpi oval or tri-
angular; length less than 6.5 mm.
Family XVII. ENpoMycuipa&, p. 533.
bb. Tarsi with second joint not dilated and without a pseudo fourth
joint.
d. Elytra entire; ventral seginents nearly equal; front coxal cavities
rounded, not prolonged on the outer side; length less than 3 mu.
Tamily XXNVIT. LATURIDIMDa, p. G1.
dd. Elytra truncate behind, leaving the pygidium exposed; ventral seg-
ments 1 and 5 longer than the others; front coxie small, rounded ;
length less than 3 mm. Family XXIX. Monoromipa, p. G66.
Family VI. HYDROPHILIDZ#.
THe Warrer SCAVENGER BEETLES.
This family comprises, for the most part, oval or elliptical black-
ish beetles, differing from the Dytiscid™ in being more convex, in
having the antenne ending in a distinct club instead of being fili-
form, and in possessing palpi which are usually longer than the an-
tenne and are projected forward while swimming, while the an-
tenne are usually concealed beneath the head. By the inexperi-
enced student the palpi are. therefore, often mistaken for the an-
tenna.
The name of the family is derived from the genus Hydrophjlus.
a word of Greek origin meaning ‘‘a lover of water.’’ As the name
245 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILID®E.
implies, they are nsually found in ponds and streams. but are less
active swimmers than the majority of the diving beetles. In swim-
ming they move the hind !-2s alternately, while the Dytiscide strike
with them both together. like a frog. Several genera are. however,
terrestrial in habit, living in moist earth and in the dung of cattle.
where they are said to feed upon the larva of dipterous insects.
The principal characters of the Hydrophilidex. briefly stated.
are as follows: «ves large: mentum large. quadrate: antenne with
from six to nine joints. the outer ones forming an abrupt club, of
which all the joints except the first are pubeseent: inserted under
the sides of the front behind the base of the mandibles. Thorax
with episterna and epimera not distinct. the prosternum very short.
Seutellum always present. Metasternum large. frequently carinate
and produced into a long spine lehind. Hind coxe oblique, flat,
extending to sides of abdomen, the latter with five visible segments.
Tarsi 5-jointed. the first joint often very stall. the middle and hind
ones sometimes corapressed and fringed for swimming.
As their common name denotes. the water scavenger betles are
supposed to live upon deesmyprsing aquatic vegetation. but the
larve are carnivorous and often catch and eat living insects and
water snails. These larve res-mble somewhat these of the diving
beetles, but the body is more phimp and the mandibles shorter and
usually toothed. The eggs of the larger species are encased by the
female in a waterproof receptacle. formed of a silk-like secretion.
These egg-cases. which sometimes contain 100 or more eggs. ar=
either fastened 6n the under side of leaves of water plants. or are
allowed to float free. In a few ins*ances the cases are carried about
by the mother on the under side of her bedy until the voung hatch.
The pupal stag: is undergone on land. in an underground e¢ell or in
a cavity scooped out beneath some object close to the water's edge.
The principal literature treating of the North American species
of the family is as follows:
LeConte —"Ssxnopsis of the Hvdrenhilide of the United
States.’ in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Si. VIT. 1355. 356-375.
Horn Revision of the Genera and Species of the Tribe Hy-
drobiini.*" in Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc.. NII. 1473. 115-137.
Horn.—*Synoptie Tables of some Gienera of Crlesptera,’? in
Trans, Amer. Entom. Soe. Vo 1s76. 251.
Horn.— Notes on the Speeves of Ochthebins of Boreal Amer-
ica.’ in Trans. Am. Ent. S«., XVII. 1-9. 17-96.
TILE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 249
Horn.— ‘Notes on some Hydrobiini of Boreal America,’’ loc.
ctt., 237-278.
Horn.— A Revision of the Spheridiini Inhabiting Boreal Amer-
iea,’’ loc. cit., 279-314.
Wickham.— ‘The Hydrophilide of Ontario and Quebee,’’ 7
Can. Ent., XXVII, 1895, 181, 213.
About 170 species of Hydrophilide are known from the United
States. These are distributed among four tribes, all of which are
represented in Indiana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF HYDROPHILID.£.
a, Thorax narrower than elytra, usually narrowed behind; form elongate;
sculpture usually rough; length less than 6 mm.
Tribe I. HertLopHorInNi, p. 249.
aa. Thorax at base as wide as elytra, narrowed in front; form usually con-
vex, oval or elliptical; sculpture usually weak.
b. Middle and hind tarsi with first joint short.
c. Metasternum prolonged into a distinct spine; tarsi compressed.
Tribe Il. HypropHiIini, p. 254.
ce. Metasternum not prolonged; tarsi not compressed.
Tribe III. Hypropiini, p. 257.
bb. Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint elongated; length less than
3.5 mm. (except in Spha@ridium).
Tribe IV. SPHRIDIINI, p. 265.
Tribe I. HELOPHORINI.
Small oblong or elongate aquatic species, gray or brown, more or
less tinged with bronze in color. They occur in pools, where they
cling to aquatic plants and may be readily taken by stirring up the
mud and plants at the bottom, when the beetles will rise to the sur-
face, They swim but poorly and are unable to dive rapidly. Of
the five genera into which the tribe has been separated, representa-
tives of four occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HELOPHORINS.
a, Wlytra with ten stris or rows of punctures; maxillary palpi moderate.
b. Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the next to last.
ce. Antenne nine-jointed. I. HELoPHORUS.
ec, Antenne seven-jointed. II. Hyprocnus.
bb. Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the next to last.
III. OcHTHEBIUS.
va. Blytra with more than ten rows of punctures; maxillary palpi very long.
IV. Hyprana.
250 FAMILY ¥YI.—HYDROPHILID.#.
J. Hetopports Fab. 1776. (Gr.. ‘tubercle +. bearing.’’)
Thorax rough, with granulate depressions. and marked with five
longitudinal sulci, of which the intermediate, or those on either side
of the middle one. are often very sinuous. Five species have been
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELOPHORTS.
a. Elytra without tubercles or alternate elevated lines.
b. Larger, 5-7 mm.; head and thorax shining, sparsely punctate; inter-
mediate sulcus but slightly undulate. OBLONGUS.
bb. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.
ce. Thorax with hind angles obtuse, not narrowed at base; color pic-
eous-brown.
d. Thorax with sides feebly rounded in front. nearly straight be-
hind; intermediate sulci strongly sinuate. ATS. LACUSTRIS.
dd. Thorax with sides regularly rounded; intermediate sulci nearly
straight. 479. NITIDULUS.
ec. Thorax with hind angles rectangular.
ec. Thorax slightly narrowed at base. its sides subsinuate; color
light brownish-yellow with indistinct fuscous markings.
480. LINEATUS.
ee, Thorax not narrowed at base, sides nearly straight.
481. LINEARIS.
aa. Elytra with tubercles on the third, fifth and seventh intervals.
482. TUBERCULATUS.
H. oblongus Lee. was, like lacustris and nitidulus, described
from Lake Superior, and like them may occur in northern Indiana.
478 (1543). HeLopuorts Lracustris Lec.. Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850. 217.
Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous-brown., slightly bronzed ; head and thorax
tinged with greenish; legs reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, covered with rounded flattened granules; sulci narrow. deep, the in-
termediate ones strongly sinuate. Punctured strive of elytra deep. Length
4-4.5 min.
Lake and Laporte counties: searee. May 12-August 26.
479 (1545). Ile oprorts yitipetts Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, VIL.
ISSA, B57.
Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, shining, distinetly bronzed ; legs
pale, the femora darker. Thorax one-half wider than long. the sulci broader
and more shallow than in lacustris, the intermediate ones but slightly sinu-
ous. Intervals of elytra more narrow, the strize deep. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Lake County, near Osborn and Pine; rare. April 21—May 25.
WEE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 251
4S0 (1550). IleLopnorus LINEATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III.
200; ibid. IT, 128.
Elongate-oblong. Above light brown with a greenish
tinge; elytra often with fuscous markings, of which an
inverted V on suture behind middle and two spots each
side are most obvious: antenne and legs pale. Inter-
Inediate sulci of thorax, deep, narrow, very strongly
curved or subangulate near middle. Elytral strie with
deep, dilated transverse punctures. Length 2.8-3.5 mm.
(Wig. 124.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11—-Oc-
Fig. 124 x 10.
tober 17. (Original.)
481 (1546). Herorpyorus tinearis Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
B57,
Elongate. slender. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax tinged with
greenish; elytra clouded with fuscous. Thorax one-half wider than long,
granulate; intermediate sulci feebly sinuate. Length 3 mm.
Millers, Lake County; rare. May 25. Recorded from Buffalo,
New York, Nebraska and Canada.
482 (1553). HtLoPHoRUS TUBERCULATUS Gyll., Ins. Suec., 1827.
Elongate, convex. Dull black, tinged with greenish. Third elytral in-
terval with four elevations, the basal one oblong; fifth and seventh each
with three. Length 3.5 mm.
Beneath rubbish close to water on beach of Lake Michigan, near
Pine and Millers, Lake County; scarce. April 23—June 24.
II. Hyprocuvs Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘relating to water.’’)
Thorax much narrower than elytra, its breadth being equal to or
only slightly exceeding the length; disk usually marked with small
eups or fovew. The following species have been taken or may oc-
cur in the State. ,
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROCHUS.
a. Larger, 5.5 min.; elytra with intervals flat and much wider than strize,
the fourth with large oblique tubercles. SCABRATUS.
aa. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.; intervals convex.
b. Thorax with five more or less distinct fovee or cup-shaped impres-
sions.
c. Stria of elytra as wide as or wider than intervals; thorax with
granules between the punctures.
d. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base, not crenulate ;
length 3.8-4 mim. AS. SQUAMIFER.
dd. Sides of thorax finely crenulate.
¢, Smaller, not over 3.mm.; sides of thorax subsinuate.
484, INASQUALIS.
252 FAMILY VI.—ITYDROPIIILID-£.
ee. Larger, 3.5-3.8 mm.; sides of thorax not sinuate.
485. EXCAVATUS.
ce. Intervals of elytra wider than strie; thorax without granules be-
tween the punctures. 486. SUBCUPREUS.
bb. Thorax without distinct fover, its surface densely and finely granu-
late. 487. GRANULATUS.
H. scabratus Muls. is recorded from New York to Iowa and
southward.
483 (1562). Ilyprocuus sQquAMIFER Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VU,
1855, 359.
Hlongate. Above grayish-bronzed or cupreous; head
and thorax tinged with greenish and darker than elytra;
beneath dull reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Thorax
scarcely wider than long, sides sinuate; disk coarsely and
rather closely punctate, the intervals with flattened gran-
ules. Elytra deeply striate; third interval a little higher
than second, fourth elevated from the middle half way
to apex, fifth elevated like the third but interrupted op-
posite the elevation of fourth. Length 3.7 mm. (Fig.
125.)
Fig. 195. x 9, Lake and Marion counties; scarce. May 25—-Au-
(Original.) gust 20,
484 (1558). HyprocHuUs IN@QUALIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
859. .
Elongate. Above dark reddish-brown, slightly bronzed; legs paler.
Thorax roughly and densely punctate, slightly longer than wide; dorsal
foves very distinct. Elytra deeply striate, the fifth, seventh and ninth
intervals elevated and interrupted behind the middle, giving the appear-
ance of a transverse impression; fourth elevation opposite break in third.
Length 3 mm.
Lawrence County, from pond near University farm; searce.
August 7. <A species of southern range.
485 (1559). Ilyprocnus excavatus Lee., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, VI,
1855, 360.
Elongate. Blackish-bronzed; Jegs reddish-brown. Thorax about as
wide as long, the fovere distinct, the basal ones smaller. Elytval interyals
narrow, the fourth, fifth and seventh elevated, the fifth interrupted. Length
3.5-3.9 mim.
Lake and Laporte counties; searee. May 25,
486 (1560). Hyprocnus suncupreus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Ilist., I.
1838, 40.
Hlongate, rather slender. Brown, with a distinct brassy tinge; beneath
piceous; legs reddish-brown, kuees darker. Thorax subquadrate, not wider
than long; disk with fover less distinct than in ercavatus; coarsely, deeply,
not densely punctate. Elytra with intervals convex, distinctly wider than
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 253
Stria, fifth slightly elevated and interrupted behind the middle; fourth elc-
vated opposite the break in fifth; the others almost uniform. Length
3.5 mm.
Starke County; rare. August 20.
487 (——). Hyprocuus cranuLatus sp. nov.
Elongate, slender. Above piceous with a greenish or olivaceous tinge;
beneath piceous, legs dark reddish- or fuscous brown. Thorax a little
longer than wide, sides almost straight; surface, as well as that of head,
finely and very densely granulate-punctate, the fave very faint. Mlytral
strie wider than intervals, the latter very narrow, the fourth interrupted
behind the middle, fifth almost wholly wanting or not convex. Length
5.84 mm.
Lake County; rare. April 29. An unnamed specimen is also
in the LeConte collection at Cambridge, labelled ‘‘Ilinois.’’
TW. Ocuruepius Leach, 1817. (Gr., “shore | to live.’’)
Very small brown, black or piceous species having the thorax
narrowed at base, with a transparent side margin, and the disk with
impressed lines or fovea, quite similar to those of Helophorus, but
interrupted. They occur in or about the edges of small pools and
woodland ponds; also on the under side of stones in running water.
One undescribed species has been taken in the State, while three
described by LeConte have a range which may include Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OCHTHEBIUS.
«. Thorax abruptly sinuately narrowing from in front of middle to baxe
and with a distinct angulation at middle of sinuation, all the discal
impressions well marked. FOVEICOLLIS.
ada. Thorax abruptly sinuate from the middle, or more or less notched near
the hind angles.
bo. Thorax with well marked discal fover.
c. Form oblong-oval, subdepressed; elytral punctures obsolete near
apex. NITIDUS.
ec. Form short, broadly oval, strongly convex; elytral punctures dis-
tinct to apex. 488. PUTNAMENSIS.
bb. Thorax without discal fovew, coarsely punctate, the lateral foveze
deep and broad. CRIBRICOLLIS.
O. foveicollis Lec., 1.2-2.5 mm., O. nitidus Lec., 1.8 mm., and 0.
cribricollis Lec., 2 mm. in length, all piceous-bronzed in hue, may
oceur in northern Indiana.
488 (
Short, oval, strongly convex. Elytra black, shining; head and thorax
bronzed; legs reddish-brown. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides rounded
from apex to basal third, thence oblique and feebly sinuate to base; disk
). OcutTiHKBIUS PUTNAMENSIS sp. noy.
Pad FAMILY VI.—IWYDROPIILID.E.
finely and sparsely punctate, its sides broadly flattened; median groove
wide and deep. discal fovexe separated. the hind «nes oblique and larger
than those in front; lateral ones broad. shallow and but slightly curved.
Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures. Length 1.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris at side
of hillside spring. AIr. Blanchard. who compared the specimen
with those at Cambridge, writes that ‘‘the short convex form is
quite different from any of our named species.’’
IV Hyprexa Kug. 1794. (Gr., ‘‘to wash or bathe.’’)
Our single member of this genus is smaller than any of those
belonging to the two preceding genera. The thorax is subquadrate,
about three-fourths the width of elytra. and the latter are marked
with more than ten rows of punctures.
4890 (1582). FypRENA PENNSYLVANICA Kies... Linn. Entom., TV, 146. 166.
Elongate-oblong, subcouvex. LTiceous or dark reddish-brown, the palpi.
legs and narraw side margins of thorax dull yellow. Thorax narrower at
base than apex. side margins sinuate; disk coarsely and densely punctate
and with a large impression each side near front angles. DPunctures of ely-
tral stri:e cluse, rather coarse, quadrate; intervals narrow. convex. Length
1.s—2.2 mm.
Kosciusko County; searce. June 24. Sifted from damp. de-
caying sphagnum moss in tamarack swamp.
Tribe IT. WYDROPIIILINI.
Large or medium-sized heetles of an oval or elliptical convex
form, olive-black in color, rarely with sides of thorax and elytra
yellow. Elytra not striate; antenna 9-joint-d; meso- and meta-
sterna forming a vontinuous keel which is prolonged behind into an
acute spine; middle and hind tarsi strongly compressed. fringed on
the inner side with long hairs. Three genera oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF HYDROPHILINI.
a. Prosternuim suleate; metasternal spine long.
b. Length 25 or more mm.; last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than
the preceding. V. Hypropu ites.
bb. Length less than 12 mm.; last joint of maxillary palpi equal to or
longer than preceding. VI. Thoprsternts.
ada, Prosternum carinate; metasternal spine short: lepeth 12-16 mm.
VII. Hyprocuarts.
Vo Hypropnitts Geoff. 1764. (Gr. ‘water ~ loving.’’)
This genus includes two very large black beetles. the giants of
the family as represented in North America.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 255
490 (1585). Hypropuitus ovatus Zieg., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 45.
Less elongate, more convex. Above black with an olive tinge; beneath
piceous; antennz and tarsi paler. Abdomen pubescent, the last three seg-
ments narrowly smooth at middle, without yellow spots at sides. Pro-
sternal prominence, in which front end of sternal spine fits, open in front.
Length 31-33 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 25-October 8. Often at-
tracted by electric light.
491 (1586). HypRopHILUS TRIANGULARIS
Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., III, 1828, 201;
ibid. II, 128.
More elongate, less convex. Above of
same hue as ovatus; beneath darker,
more shining, the abdominal segments
with more or less distinct triangular
yellow spots at sides. First segment pu-
bescent, the remainder broadly smooth
at middle. Prosternal prominence closed
infront. Length 34-37 mm. (Fig. 126.)
Throughout the State; common.
March 19-October 27. Sometimes
attracted by thousands to electric Fig. 126. 6, H. triangularis Say, natural size; .
3 i i : 7, antenna; g, front tarsus of female; h, same of §
lights in Indianapolis and the male, all magnified; i, side view of sternal spine.
apie % A (After Riley.)
larger cities. Hibernates as imago.
VI. TropisrerNvs Sol. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘keel + breast.’’)
Smooth, shining, oval insects, mostly black above; very common
in ponds, lakes and slow-flowing streams. Nine species, including
Nos. 1588 to 1595 of the Henshaw ‘‘Catalogue,’’ belong to this
genus, five of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TROPISTERNUS.
a. Prosternal prominence or groove closed in front; elytra without yellow
stripes.
b. Thorax and elytra narrowly margined with yellow.
492. NIMBATLUS.
bb. Thorax and elytra entirely black above.
c. Front part of sternal crest very finely and indistinctly punctured ;
elytra with very fine and coarser punctures intermixed.
493. MIxTUs.
ce. Front part of sternal crest distinctly punctured; elytral punctures
equal in size or nearly so.
d. Form elongate-cval; elytral punctures very minute and indis-
tinct. 494. SUBLAVIS,
[1723402] pa
256 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDE.
dd, Form more broadly oval; elytral punctures larger and more dis-
tinct. 495. GLABER.
«ca, Prosternal groove open in front; elytra with discal yellow stripes.
496. STRIOLATUS.
4192 (1589). TROPISTERNUS NIMBATUS Say, Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1823, 205; ibid. II,
130.
Elongateoval, convex. Olivaceous black, shining;
clypeus, thorax and elytra margined with pale yellow;
under surface black or piceous; legs yellow, femora
black at base. Length $.2-9 mm. (Fig. 127.)
Throughout the State; common. March 14-
Octcker 9. At electric ight in June.
493 (1590). TRopIsTERNtS miIxtTus Lec.. Proc. Phil.
Fig. 7. Xx 4 ner Acad. Nat. Sci., VIT, 1855, 268.
Elongate-oval. convex. Black, more cr less bronzed,
shining; antenne, base of palpi and apical halves of femora and tibise
brownish-yellow. Elytra with coarser and finer punctures intermingled,
these visible only under a lens. Length 8.5-9 mm.
Take. Laporte, Kosciusko, Putnam and Martin counties; fre-
quent. May 5-Octoher 25.
494 (1593). TropisTeRNUS stpizvis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 368.
Elongate-oval. Black, feebly bronzed; antennz, palpi and legs dull
yellow, base of femora piceous. Front half of sternal crest fiat, finely but
distinctly punctured. Length 9-10 mm.
Putnam County; rare. July 8.
495 (1591). TRopisTerNUS GLABER Herbst., Col., VII, 398.
Resembles misfus but usually broader and longer. Punctures of elytra
very fine and subequal in size. Front part of sternal crest concave and
very coarsely punctured. Length 9.5-11 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 16—-October 23. Often
found beneath rubbish along the edges of ponds and lakes.
496 (1595). TRopisTeERNUS srRIoLaTUs Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
VIT. 1855, 308,
Hlongate-oval, convex. Olivaceous black; front of head and sides of
thorax yellow; elytra each with sides and six or more narrow stripes on
disk yellow; under surface black, prosternum and legs brownish-yellow.
Sternal crest sulcate throughout its full length. Length 9-10.5 mm.
A species of southern range, taken only in Vigo and Knox coyn-
ties; scarce. July 9-October 28,
lo
wr
=
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES.
VIT. Hyprocraris Latr. 1825. (Gr., ‘water + delight.’’)
The prosternum. instead of being grooved for the reception of
the front end of the sternal crest. is entire and raised into a sharp
carina. One species acenrs in the State.
407 (1597). HyprocuHaris opttsatts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1823, 200; ibid. IL, 129.
Male elongate-oval; female oblong-oval, very obtuse hebind. Black,
shining; under surface dark reddish-brown, pubescent. Elytra each with
four rows of distinct punctures, the outer row double. Spine of meta-
sternum not extending beyond hind coxie. Length 13-16 mm.
Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in south-
ern portion. April 6-September 15. Often taken bereath Ings
and stones close to the edge of water; also at electric light.
Tribe Il], HYDROBIINI.
Aquatic beetles of small size and of an oval or hemispherical
form, having the thorax at base always as wide as the base of elytra,
and the metasternal spine never prolonged back of the hind coxw.
The tribe is represented in Indiana by nine genera, separated by
Dr. Horn as follows:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HYDROBIINI.
a. Last ventral segment emarginate; antennie seven-jointed; elytra with
ten strive; length 2.5-6 min. VIII. Brrosus.
aa. Last ventral segment entire.
b. First and second ventral segments concealed by plates; length less
than 2.5 mm. IX. CH-ETARTHRIA.
bb. Ventral segments not covered. .
c. Antenne eight-jointed; color mostly pale; form rounded, convex;
length 2.5-3 mm. X. Laccosits.
ec, Antenne nine-jointed; color usually dark.
d, Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than third; length 3.5-
7 mm.
e. Tarsi five-jointed on all the feet.
f. Mesusternum with a longitudinal lamina ov plate; second
joint of maxillary palpi curved, with the convexity to the
front; elytral punctures confused. XI. PHILHYDRUS.
ff. Mesosternum with only a slight median tuberosity; con-
vexity of the curved second joint of maxillary palpi turned
to the back; elytral punctures in rows.
XII. HELocHAREs.
ec, Carsi four-jointed on the middle and hind feet.
g. Mesosternum with a feeble transverse carina; tarsal claws
simple; elytra not striate. XIII. Cy swsropytTa
258 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
gg. Mesosternum with a compressed conical process; tarsal claws
broadly toothed at base in male, less so in female; elytra
striate. XIV. HELocomsBus.
dd. Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the third.
h. Elytra either with strive or with punctures arranged in rows;
larger species, more than 5 mm. XV. Hyprosivs.
hh. Elytva with confused punctuation; smaller species, less than
4 mm. , XVI. CRENIPHILUS.
VIII. Berrosvs Leach. 1817. (Gr., a proper name.)
This genus is composed of convex, elongate beetles, usually pale
in color with darker spots on thorax and elytra. They may be
known also by the 7-jointed antenne, elongate scutellum and the
hind pair of tibise and tarsi pilose. Three species are known from
Indiana, while two others probably occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BEROSUS,
a. Elytra with two spines at apex; fifth abdominal segment truncate at
middle. PUGNAX.
aa. Elytra without spines at apex.
b. Filth segment of abdomen with one tooth at middle of notch.
c. Abdomen of male with segments 2, 3 and 4 slightly carinate.
d. Elytra with well defined black spots. 498. PANTHERINUS.
dd. Elytra with spots indistinct. 499. PEREGRINUS.
ce. Abdomen of male not carinate; both head and abdomen dull yel-
low. EXIGUUS.
bv. Fifth segment of abdomen with two teeth at middle of notch; ab
domen never carinate; elytral spots indistinct. 500. STRIATUS.
498 (1608). Brrosus PANTHERINUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V1,
1855, 864.
Elongate-oval, convex. Pale, dull yellow ; head blackish-bronzed ; thorax
with two black spots at middle; elytra each with ten distinct black spots
as follows; two near base, four in a sinuous transverse band in front of
middle, three in another band behind middle, and one near apex; abdomen
reddish-bruwn. Thorax finely punctured, the sides slightly converging in
front. Elytral strive coursely punctured ; intervals rather thickly and irregu-
larly punctate. Length 4+ mm.
Posey County; rare. June 3. Known from Illinois, Missouri
and Texas.
499 (1609). Berrosts PeRNGRINUS Herbst., Col, VII, 314.
Oval, convex. Head black with bronzed surface; thorax and elytra
light brownish-yelluw, the former with two brown spots on disk, the latter
with four or five indistinct oblong, double spots. Elytral strive less dis-
tinct ou disk than on sides, the intervals finely punctured. Head thickly
punctured, with a longitudinal impression between the eyes. Length 4 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 6—August 20.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 258
-500 *(1614). Brrosus striatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
188.
Elongate-oval, convex. Bead as in peregrinus but without impression
between the eyes; thorax and elytra dull greenish-yellow, the former with
a double fuscous line on disk; each elytron with eight or ten small, remote,
indistinct blackish spots. Elytral strive distinctly impressed, finely punc-
tate; intervals flat, with rather coarse punctures. Length 4-5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 26-October 21. Hi-
bernates as imago, specimens having been taken in February from
beneath log buried deeply in sand, while others were dredged from
a pond in early March.
B. pugnax Lec., 5-6 mm. in length, and colored much as in
pantherinus, is known from Illinois and Missouri. B. exiguus Say,
2.5 in length, occurs from Pennsylvania to Louisiana.
IX. CH#TARTHRIA Stephens. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘bristle + joint.’’)
Very small species having the first joint of antennx long and the
body contractile. They occur about the margins of ponds and lakes.
501 (1619). CH#TARTHRIA PALLIDA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861,
342.
Hemispherical, very convex, shining. Above dull brownish-yellow ; head
black, shining; disk of thorax often with a fuscous blotch; beneath black.
Elytra very sparsely and finely punctate; sutural strie distinct. Length
2 mm.
Lakes of Laporte, Marshall, Fulton, and Starke counties; fre-
quent. June 16-August 31. A member of the boreal fauna. This
is the form described as nigriceps Lec.
X. Laccosius Er. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘pool or lake + life.’’)
502 (1621). Lacconrus aciris Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 19.
Subrotund, convex. Head and disk of thorax blackish-iridescent, the
margins of latter broadly pale yellow; elytra pale, the strie, dusky; under
surface black, legs pale. Head alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate,
the margin in front of eyes yellow. Thorax three times as wide as long,
as wide at base as elytra, finely and sparsely punctate. Punctures of ely-
tra very small and close-set in regular rows. Length 2-3 min.
Throughout the State; common. May 26-September 3
XJ. Puiuuyprus Sol. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘love + water.’’)
Small oblong-oval beetles, piceous or dull brownish-yellow in
hue and having the upper surface regularly and rather finely and
closely punctured; elytra with four rows of coarser punctures, these
260 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILID.E.
sometimes indistinct. The beetles usually occur in numbers along
the edges of ponds, lakes and streams and rise to the surface when
the water is made turbid. Five species have been taken in Indiana,
while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHILHYDRUS,
“a, Above paler, brownish-yellow to pale piceous.
b. Prosternum distinctly carinate; length 3.54.5 mm.
503. NEBULOSUS.
bb. Prosternum not ecarinate.
c. Smaller, not over +4 mm.; mesosternal lamina very feeble, the front
edge without distinct angle. 504. OCHRACEUS.
ec. Larger, 4-6 mm.; mesosternal lamina prominent, with a distinct
angular projection.
d. Thorax with a large discal piceous space. 500, ITAMILTONI.
dd. Thorax entirely dull yellow. DIFFUSUS.
aa. Above black or piceous black, the margins sometimes pale.
ce. Larger, 6.5-7 min.; transversely very convex. 506. CINCTUS.
ec. Smaller, not ever 5.5 mm.; subdepressed. 507. PERPLEXTs.
503 (1620). PHILHYDRUS NEBULOSUS Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 277;
ibid. I, 183.
Oval. slightly oblong, convex. Above variable from pale to dull brown-
ish-yelow, shining; head and under-surface piceous. Thorax and elytra
sparsely and indistinctly punctured, the usual rows of coarser punetures
scarcely visible. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 15-Oectober 24.
004 (1630). PuinuyDRtUs ocHRACEtS Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
II, 18H, 101.
Ielliptical, less convex. Above pale piceous or dull
smoky brown, shining: head darker. with a pale space
in front of each eye; margins cf thorax and elytra paler:
beneath piceous. the tibire and tarsi paler. Thorax and
elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate, the dorsal
rows very indistinct. Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 128.)
Northern half of State; common: less so in the
southern portion. April 23-October 26, Resem-
eosin) © bles nebulosus, but smaller: prosternum not. cari-
nate and punctures of upper surface more distinct.
505 (9515). PHinwyprts mAMinron: Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NVI,
IsHo, 249.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Abaye piceous-yellow or dull brown-
ish-yellow; head picecus; disk of thorax with an indefinite semicircular
space darker. Punctures of thorax not very close; those of elytra a little
coarser, the discal rows faint. Length 4.5-4.5 mm.
Lake, Starke and Laporte vounties; frequent. April 23-Sep-
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 261
tember 7. A member of the boreal fauna. Next in size to cinctus,
but brownish instead of black, more oblong and less convex.
P. diffusus Lec., is recorded from Illinois and westward.
506 *(1633). Priniyprts crncrus Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 276; ibid.
I, 182.
Oval, slightly oblong, very convex. Black, shining; entire margin dark
reddish-brown. Thorax with basal marginal line very fine and indistinct;
its surface finely and evenly punctured. Elytra a little more coarsely and
sparsely punctured than thorax, the dorsal rows distinct but feebly im-
pressed. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Febru-
ary 11—December 8.
507 (16386). Pui~ayprus peRPLeXts Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 371.
Oblong-oval, fully twice as long as wide. Above piceous-black, shining;
sides of thorax and elytra with narrow paler lurder. Thorax closely and
finely punctate, its lasal marginal line always distinet. Elytral punctures
coarser than those of thorax, the usual dorsal rows feebly indicated. Length
4-5.5 mm.
Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in the
southern portion. April 23—October 23.
XII. Hetocuarses Muls. 1844. (Gr., ‘marsh + rejoice.’’)
Very close to Philhydrus and formerly united with it. One spe-
cies occurs in Indiana.
AOS (1639). LHELocHARES MACULICOLLIS Muls., Ann. Se. Phys. Nat. Lyon.,
VII, 379.
Oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed in front, subdepressed. Above dull
brownish-yellow ; occiput and discal spot of thorax piceous; under surface
black or piceous. Elytra with ten rather deeply impressed rows of serrate
punctures; intervals flat, finely punctulate, the fifth and ninth with a row
of coarse punctures. Length 45.5 mm.
Lawrence and Dubois counties; scarce. May 9—August 5.
NII. Cymeiopyra Bedel. 1881. (Gr., ‘‘boat + dive.’’)
Small, oval, piceous or brownish species, formerly included un-
der both Philhydrus and Hydrocombus, but having only four joints
on the middle and hind tarsi. In the species occurring in the East-
ern United States the elytra are not striate, but usually have sev-
eral rows of coarse punctures. One species has been taken in the
State. while two others may occur.
262 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYMBIODYTA.
a. Form oval; elytra with rows of coarser punctures distinct at least on
sides.
b. Color wholly piceous. FIMBRIATA,
bb. Dull brownish-yellow ; head black, with a large yellow spot in front
of each eye. 509. BLANCHARDI.
aa. Form oblong; elytra without rows of coarser punctures; piceous with
a pale border. LACUSTRIS.
C. fimbriata Melsh., 4.5-5.5 mm. in length, occurs from Canada
to Pennsylvania and Texas. (. lacustris Lec., 44.5 mm. in length,
is a boreal species which may occur in northern Indiana.
509 (9319). CymMBiopYTA BLANCHARDI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVII,
1890, 258.
Rather broadly oval, scarcely narrowed in front, moderately convex.
Dark smoky brown; margins of thorax and elytra paler; head black With a
reddish-yellow spot in front of each eye; beneath piceous or brown, tarsi
paler. Thorax and elytra rather closely punctate, the rows of coarser
punctures represented only by a few distant punctures, except the outermost
row, which is distinct. Sutural stria well impressed and reaching two-thirds
to base. Length 4 mm.
Steuben, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. March 25-
August 11. Taken on the under side of flat stones in swift running
water. Resembles Philhydrus ochraceus, but more broadly oval in
form.
XIV. Hetocomsrs Horn. 1890. (Gr., ‘‘marsh + border.’’)
Maxillary palpi very long and slender, the last joint distinctly
shorter than third; thorax without a basal marginal line; elytra dis-
tincly striate. One species is known from the eastern United States.
510 (1629). Hertocompts birmpvs Lec, Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 371.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, shining; tarsi and narrow margin
of thorax and elytra paler. Thorax closely and finely punctate. Elytra
rather deeply striate, the strive entire except the inner three; intervals on
sides convex, flatter on disk, rather coarsely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Lakes of northern half of State. frequent: also in Marion and
Fountain counties. April 3—August 20,
XV. Hyprosius Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘ water +life.’’)
To this genus, as now limited, belong six of the larger species of
the Henshaw list. They have the last joint of the maxillary palpi
always longer than the third, and the elytra with either ten rows of
punctures or 10-striate. Three of the species have been taken in
the State, while another may occur.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 263
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROBIUS.
a. Alternate intervals of elytra, 3-5-7-9, each with a row of coarse punc-
tures; elytra black or piceous.
bv. Elytra with well marked strise; form oblong. 511. FUSCIPES.
bb. Elytra with rows of fine punctures; form short and very convex.
¢. Hind femora merely closely punctate near base, not pubescent.
512. TUMIDUS.
ce. Hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent near base and along
the upper border. 513. GLOBOSUS.
aa. Alternate intervals of elytra without rows of coarse punctures; elytral
strive deep, the scutellar well marked; elytra pale brown with scat-
tered small dark spaces. TESSELLATUS.
511 (1653). Hyprogpius ruscirrs Linn., See Muls. Col. France, Palpic, 122.
Oblong-convex. Above piceous-black, shining; beneath black, the tarsi
paler. Thorax finely and closely punctate. Elytra striate the two inner
and scutellar striz indistinct at base; strie closely punctate; intervals flat,
not densely punctulate. Length 6.5~8 mm.
Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties; frequent beneath rubbish
along the beaches of lakes. April 23-August 20. Probably occurs
throughout the State. Resembles Helocombus bifidus, but more
convex and with shorter maxillary palpi, the last joint longer than
the preceding.
512 (1648). Hyprogits tumipus Lec.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 372.
Oval, very little longer than wide, very convex. Piceous-black, shining,
slightly bronzed; beneath black, legs piceous, tarsi paler. Thorax rather
closely and equally punctate and with coarser punctures in semicircular
row on sides. Elytra witb ten rows of punctures, the first and second rows
not complete; intervals flat, more coarsely punctured than in globosus.
Length 8-8.5 mm.
Kosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. April 3-October 22.
513 (1652). Hyprogrus cLososus Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 276; ibid. I,
182.
Shorter, broader, more hemispherical than tumidus,
which it closely resembles. Surface similarly punctured,
but in each part more finely; dorsal rows .of punctures
more distinct. Hind femora with basal third opaque,
punctured and slightly pubescent. Scutellar stria dis- J
tinct. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 129.)
So far taken in Indiana only in swift water at |
mouth of Donaldson’s Cave, near Mitchell, Law- Fig. 129.
rence County; searce. Should oecur throughout the State. May
5-September 11.
H. tessellatus Zieg., 7-7.5 mm. in length, is said to occur from
Canada to Illinois and southward, but rare in every locality.
264 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
XVI. CrenrpHitus Mots. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘noteh or bay + loving.’’)
Very small, convex elliptical or oblong beetles, having the punc-
tures of elytra confused, thorax without a basal marginal line, and
also without the rows of large coarse punctures usually seen in the
species of Hydrobius. They usually occur in numbers amongst the
decaying aquatic plants along the margins of pools and lakes.
Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others should
oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRENIPHILUS.
a. Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide; tarsi slender, the hind pair
fully as long as the tibie; elytra distinctly narrowed almost from
humeri to tips; color piceous, shining, the side margins of both thorax
and elytra pale. SUTURALIS.
aa. Form broadly oval, not much longer than wide, very convex; tarsi
stouter, the hind pair shorter than the tibie.
b. Prosternum distinctly carinate.
c. Elytra distinctly punctate; antenne eight-jointed.
514. SUBCUPREUS.
ce, Elytra very indistinctly punctate; antennz nine-jointed. -
515. DESPECTUS.
bb. Prosternum absolutely simple.
d. Black with a bronzed tinge; surface distinctly punctured; hind
femora strigose lengthwise and sparsely punctate. DIGESTUS.
dd. Dull piceous without tinge of bronze; surface indistinctly punc-
tate; hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent.
516. INFUSCATUS.
C. suturalis Lee., length 1.5-2 mm., and C. digestus Lee., 2.5-
3.5 mm. in length, are both said to oceur from Canada southward
to Georgia and New Mexico.
514 (1657). CRENIPHILUS SUBCUPREUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, ¥:
1825, 189; ibid. II, 293.
Elliptical, convex. Above picecus, distinctly bronzed, the margins of
elytra often paler toward apex; beneath dark reddish-piceous, the tarsi
paler. Thorax and elytra equally, not closely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Common along the margins of lakes in the northern part of the
State; less so in the southern counties. April 23—August 26.
515 (1658). CRENIPHILUS DESPEcTUS Lec., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., 1863, 25.
Closely resembles subeupreus, but smaller and transversely more con-
vex. Surface more distinctly brassy, alutaceous with minute punctures,
sparsely placed. Length 1.5 mm.
Marshall and Putnam counties; searce. April 17—Oetober 17.
516 (1655). CRENIPHILUS INFUSCATUS Mots., Bull. Mose., IIT, 1857, 177.
Oval, very convex. Piceous or dark fuscous, the margins of thorax
and elytra paler. Antenne nine-jointed, the club darker. Thorax very
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 265
finely and indistinctly punctate, more coarsely at the sides. Elytra more
coarsely but less closely punctate than thorax. Femora of all the legs
densely punctulate and pubescent. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 16-Oetober 17.
Both this and the preceding were sifted from debris taken from the
margins of hillside springs.
Tribe IV. SPHASRIDIINI.
To this tribe belong a number of small, convex, oval or hemi-
spherical beetles, which live in damp places in decaying vegeta-
tion or in the dung of herbivorous mammals. The color is usually
black or piceous, with the elytra frequently spotted or margined
with pale yellow and, in most genera, possessing ten rows of pune-
tures or strie; legs not fitted for swimming; first joint of middle
and hind tarsi elongate. Four genera are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SPH A:RIDIINI.
a. Sides of elytra not extended below the lower surface of body.
b. Elytra not infiexel; epipleura horizontal, distinct; prosternum cari-
nate at middle.
c. Larger species, 5 or more mm.; scutellum elongate; antenn eight-
jointed; last dorsal segment visible. XVII. SPHARIDIUM.
ec. Smaller species, 3 mm. or less; scutellum equilateral; antennz
nine-jointed; last dorsal segment covered. XVIII. Crrcyon.
bb. Elytra inflexed, clasping the sides of body, without distinct epi-
pleura; prosternum elevated at middle, forming a large pentagonal
area; thorax not margined; length 1.5-2 mm.
XIX. CrypropLeuRUM.
aa. Elytra extended below the lower surface of body, the punctuation con-
fused, without trace of strie; first ventral segment not carinate;
length 3-3.5 mm. XX. PHaNONOTUM.
XVII. Spu@ripium Fab. 1755. (Gr., ‘‘ball or sphere + little.’’)
517 (1662). SpHaRIDIUM SCARABZOIDES Linn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 145.
Oval or subglobose, convex. Above black, shining; elytra with a red-
dish sub-basal spot and the apical fourth yellowish; beneath piceous, the
femora spotted with paler. Thorax and elytra finely and evenly punctured,
the latter without striw. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
A recently introduced European species, taken from beneath
rubbish on the beach of Lake Michigan at Pine, and Whiting, Lake
County; at Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County, and on the shore
of the Ohio River at New Albany; scarce. April 16-October 23.
XVIII. Crrcyon Leach. 1817. (.\ mythological name.)
Small black or piceous beetles with more or less vellow on the
tips of elytra. They have the middle eoxw narrowly separated ;
266 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
elytra usually striate; mesosternum elevated between and in front
of the middle cox. About 25 species are known from the United
States, many of them being common to this country and Europe.
Of these Dr. Horn states that ‘‘but a small number owe their pres-
ence in our fauna to introduction by human agency. They appear
to be rather members of a cireumpclar fauna, equally native in
either hemisphere, and dis-
tributed at a time when con-
tinental division was less ab-
rupt than at present.’
Eleven species have been
Fig. 130. Fig. 131. taken in Indiana and several
a i ity. B, Horn.
A, middle coxal cavity. cae area. (After Horn.) athers doubtless occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CERCYON.
a. Intervals of elytra alternately higher or subcostiform at apex, the strie
deep; surface sparsely pubescent; color pale reddish-brown.
518. PUBESCENS.
aa. Intervals flat or slightly convex: surface smooth.
bo. Metasternal area extended on each side by an oblique line. (Fig.
130.)
e. Thorax without basal marginal line, its surface wholly black.
d. Elytra piceous, with pale apex; surface distinctly punctulate;
palpi and antenne piceous. 519. HaAMORRHOIDALIS.
dd. Elytra reddish, with a large scutellar triangle and humeral stripe
piceous.
e, Elytra very distinctly punctulate; epipleura piceous; palpi pale.
520. MELANOCEPHALUS.
ee. Elytra indistinctly punctulate; epipleura pale; last joint of
palpi piceous. 521. PYGMEUSs.
ce. Thorax with distinct basal marginal line, paler at sides; elytra
pale with transverse piceous band behind the middle; palpi pale.
522. NIGRICEPS.
bb. Metasternal area median only. (Fig. 131.)
f. Side marginal lines of thorax extending for a short distance along
the basal margin; elytra dull reddish-yellow with a large oval
piceous spot on suture behind middle which extends narrowly to
apex. UNIPUNCTATUS.
ff. Side marginal lines reaching the hind angles only.
g. Interval between the seventh and eighth stris normally wide,
with at least two rows of punctures.
h. Form oval, never very convex; head oblique.
i, Elytra piceous black, with a sharply limited yellowish apical
space extending along the sides toward the base.
523. PRITEXTATUS.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 267
di. Elytra piceous, with a common indefinite pale space divided
by the suture. but not reaching apex; sides of thorax and
humeral umbone pale. INDISTINCTUS.
hh. Form short, very convex; head vertical; punctuation of elytral
intervals more indistinct than that of thorax.
j. Surface opaque, more or less alutaceous; elytra with distinct
strie; apex with a distinct pale spot.
k. Entire surface alutaceous; elytral strise fine. but reaching
apex. 524. LUGUBRIS.
kk. Elytra alone alutaceous, their strive very fine and not
reaching the apex. 525. TRISTIS.
jj. Surface shining; elytral stria replaced by rows of fine punc-
tures; apex with an indistinct rufous space extending
slightly along the suture. 526. NAVICULARIS.
gg. Interval between the seventh and eighth stris narrow and with
but one row of punctures.
i, Elytra with an indefinite pale space at apex; color piceous or
brownish. 527. ANALIS.
i, Elytra with pale space at apex sharply limited by a curved
line, not extending along the side margin; color black, shin-
ing. 528. OCELLATUS.
51S (1664). CrrRcyon PUBESCENS Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1855,
374,
Oval, moderately convex, somewhat attenuate behind the middle. Dull
reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent; head piceous. Thorax twice as wide
as long. narrowed in front, sides curved from base to apex; surface slightly
rugose, without punctures. Elytra with nine rather deeply impressed punc-
tured stris; intervals flat on basal half, convex and alternately more ele-
vated at apex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Mesosternal elevation
elongate-oval, acute in front, truncate behind. Length 1.5 mm.
Lawrence County; frequent at carrion bait and on fungi. June
10-July 29. Probably throughout the State but overlooked on ac-
count of small size. Said to be often abundant in dried horse dung.
519 (1666). CERCYON HH MORRHOIDALIS Fab., Syst. Ent.. 1798, 67;
nigricolle Say, Ed. Lec., II, 294.
Oval, moderately convex. Elytra piceous or brownish, their tips slight-
ly paler than disk. Thorax closely punctate. Elytra 10-striate, the strie
distinct at apex, rather closely punctate; intervals flat, densely and rather
coarsely punctulate. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. April 6—Octo-
ber 17. This is the species listed as flavipes Fab. and nigricolle
Say.
520 (1672). CERCYON MELANOCEPHALUS Linn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 144.
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head and thorax piceous or
black, shining; elytra usually reddish with a triangular piceous space ex-
tending from base one-half or more to apex and a subhumeral stripe pic-
268 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
eous; legs, antenne and palpi dull reddish-brown. Thorax with sides regu-
larly curved from base to apex, surface rather finely and closely punctate.
Elytra 10-striate. the strie punctate and distinctly impressed at apex; in-
tervals finely but distinctly punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marion and Posey eounties; searee. April 6-April 13.
521 (1678). CrERcyon pyew-ets Lllig., Mag. I, 1802, 40.
Oval, slightly oblong. Color given in key; antennz dull yellow, club
darker; legs and epipleura pale. Thorax with sides regularly curved from
base to apex, disk rather closely but not deeply punctate. Elytra striate,
tenth stria indistinct; intervals flat, sparsely and indistinctly punctate.
Prosternum distinctly carinate. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 13. Taken beneath bark of fungus-
covered log. The dark area of elytra varies much in size.
522 (1674). CERcYON NIGRICEPS Marsh., Ent. Brit., 1802, 72.
Oval, moderately convex. Piceous, shining; sides of thorax paler; ely-
tra dull reddish-yellow, with an indefinite common fuscous band behind the
middle. Thorax with sides narrowed from base to apex, disk finely, not
closely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate, the striz distinctly punc-
tate; intervals feebly convex, very minutely punctate. Length 1.2-2 mm.
Marion County; rare. April 23. Taken by sifting.
C. wripunectatus Linn., sides of thorax pale, length 3 mm., is
said to range from Canada to Illinois.
528 (1675). CERCYON PRUETEXTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, V.
1825. 190; ibid. IT, 294.
Oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining; front
angles of thorax and a large, sharply defined space at
apex and along margins of elytra, yellowish; antenne
dull yellow, the club darker. Thorax transverse, closely
and evenly punctate. Blytra with ten impressed rows
of close-set punctures: intervals closely punctate, more
sparsely near apex and on sides. Length 2.5-2 mm.
(Fig. 132.)
Fig, 132, xB Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-Oc-
(oenah) tober 18. Often found in dead fish or beneath rub-
bish along the sandy margins of ponds and lakes. A large and well
marked species.
C. indistinctus Horn, 2.5-3 mm. in leneth. was deseribed from
Canada and Pennsylvania,
52k (S34). CerRcyon LUGUpRIs Payk., Faun. Suec., 1, 1798, 59,
Oval, convex, narrewer behind. Piceous black, subopaque; elytra at
apex with a well-defined pale space which extends along the side margin.
Thorax with sides regularly curved; disk finely, rather sparsely and evenly
THLE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 269
punctate. Elytra finely striate on disk, more distinctly impressed at sides
and apex, the tenth stria wanting; intervals flat, not distinctly punctate.
Length 1.5-2 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. August 5-October 21.
925 (9335). CERcYoN tTRISTIS Illig., Mag. I, 1802, 109.
Resembles lugubris very closely but rather smaller and more narrow.
Elytral strive replaced by rews of fine punctures not closely placed, which
are nearly obsolete on sides and apex; intervals flat, punctulate near the
base only. Length 1.5 mm.
Pine, Lake County and along margins of cypress swamp, Knox
County; scarce. Taken from dead crayfish and at sap. May 1-
May 28.
926 (1671). CERCYON NAVICULARIS Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1869,
250.
Oval, strongly convex, narrower behind the middle. Piceous black,
shining; elytra often slightly paler at tip and along suture; antennie, palpi
and legs dull reddish-yellow. Thorax almost smooth, the sides regularly
curved from base to apex. Elytra very convex, their sides rapidly sloping
downward; strive represented by rows of very fine punctures which are
more distinct at sides and apex; intervals very sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-1.7 mm.
Starke, Marshall, Kosciusko and Parke counties; scarce. May
20-July 2. Sifted from masses of damp leaves along the borders of
pools in low moist woods.
527 (1680). CERCYON ANALIS Payk., Faun. Suec., I, 1798. 187.
Oval, moderately convex. Picecus black cr brownish, shining; elytra
with a pale space at apex which varies much in size. Elytral strive equal
from base to apex. closely but not Coarsely punctate, the tenth very dis-
tinct; intervals flat, densely punctate except the eighth, which has but a
single row of punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-October 17.
528 (1677). CErRcYON OCELLATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1825,
190; ibid. IL, 294.
Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Piceous black, shining; elytra with
sharply defined pale apical space occupying about one-third the surface,
the suture piceous to apex. Thorax with sides regularly curved from base
to apex; surface. as well as that of head, rather cuarsely and clovely punc-
tate. Elytral strive feebly impressed, but with rather large, closely placed
punctures, those of the outer rows the coarser and deeper: intervals flat,
distinctly punctulate near the base, much less so on apical third. Meta-
sternal area shining, sparsely punctate; mesosterpal elevation oval; pro-
sternum distinctly carinate. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Kosciusko, Marshall, Vigo, Knox and Jennings counties; com-
mon. May 1-October 9.
270 FAMILY VI.—HYDROPHILIDA.
XIX. Cryproputeurum Muls. 1844. (Gr., ‘‘hidden + breast.’’)
This genus differs from Cercyon by having the prosternum ele-
vated before the front cox to form a rather large, five-sided area
widely separating the coxe; mesosternum with a similar area widely
separating the middle cox; metasternal area broad, extending
across the body; sides of thorax reflexed and angulate near middle,
the angle not visible from above. Two species are known, both of
which cceur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOPLEURUM.
a. Elytral intervals distinctly punctate throughout their entire extent;
strize not conspicuously coarsely punctate. 529. MINUTUM.
aa. Elytral intervals feebly punctate on basal half only; strie coarsely
punctured at base. 530. AMERICANUM.
529 (1690). CRYPTOPLEURUM MINUTUM Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 68.
Rather broadly oval, more narrowed behind than in front, convex.
Piceous black, feebly shining; elytra with an indefinite pale space at tip;
antennz and palpi piceous. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, sides
feebly curved, surface rather coarsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply stri-
ate; intervals slightly convex, closely and distinctly punctulate and sparse
ly pubescent. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Kosciusko, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce; April 12—Octo-
ber 9. Taken in decaying fungi and beneath dead turtles and
chickens. In one specimen at hand the pale reddish space at apex
of elytra extends over three-fourths of the surface.
530 (9339). CRYPTOPLEURUM AMERICANUM Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XVII, 1890, 311.
Resembles minutum in form and color; antenne and palpi pale red-
dish-yellow. ‘Thorax more coarsely punctate than the head. Elytra deeply
striate, strize coarsely and closely punctate near base, more finely on apical
half; intervals sparsely and finely punctate on basal half only. Metasternal
area more coarsely and sparsely punctured than in minutum. Length 1.7-
2 mm.
Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. March 23—April 238.
Known heretofore only from Ohio. .
XX. PuH#Nonotum Sharp. 1882. (Gr., ‘‘to show + back.’’)
Rather small black species having the antenne 9-jointed, the
club joints loosely nuited; prosternum short, not carinate between
the coxe.
531 (1685). PHas:NoNOTUM ESTRIATUM Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 171;
ibid. II, 646.
Rather broadly oval. strongly convex. Piceous black, shining; antenne
dull yellow, the club fuscous. Thorax very finely punctate. Elytra more
THE MAMMAL NEST BEETLES. 271
coarsely punctured than thorax, the punctures not distant one from an-
other more than their own diameter. Length 3-4 mm.
Lake, Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Steuben counties; fre-
quent. May 20-October 26.
Family VII. LEPTINID.
Maman Nest BEETLES.
This family is represented in Indiana by a single small, flat
beetle, having the antennz slender and 11-jointed; eyes entirely
wanting ; thorax with apex truncate, base covering the base of elytra
and broadly emarginate, without distinct side pieces beneath; scu-
tellum distinct; elytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen; front
coxe small, globular, not separated by the prosternum; hind coxe
narrow, transverse, meeting at middle; legs short, tibiew flattened,
tarsi 5-jointed.
But two species of the family are known
from North America. One inhabits the
Hudson Bay region; the other is common
to both Europe and America and lives with
small rodents and insectivora, such as mice,
moles, shrews, ete., and also in the nests of
bumble-bees. If the nest of a mouse or
shrew be carefully removed from beneath
a log or other shelter and shaken over a
paper, a number of these little beetles will
probably be seen scampering away as fast
as their legs will carry them. Chas. Dury,
of Cincinnati, took 90 specimens of the yg 199, \Line’shows natural size.
beetle from one nest and many others es- ee
caped before he could gather them in. As to whether they are para-
sites or guests of their hosts is still a mooted question, but Dury
states, and my observation bears out his supposition, that he
thinks them ‘‘only guests of the animals, as I have found them in
nests that have long since been deserted.’’ It is possible that they
may live upon the eggs and young of the mites, fleas and other
forms of life found associated with them in the nests. It is thought
by some that their original home was in the nests of bumble-bees,
where they fed upon honey and pollen, and that they merely make
use of the mice and shrews as a means of getting from one nest of
a bumble-bee to another.
[18—23402]
272 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHID.%.
J. Leprincs Mull. 1817. (Gr.. ‘‘thin or small.’’)
532 (1692). LEprinvs TeEsTAcets Mull., Germ. Mag. Ent., IT, 1817, 268.
Oblong-oval, much depressed. Uniform pale yellow. Above finely and
regularly punctured and rather thickly pubescent with golden hairs. Length
2-25 mm. (Fig. 133.)
Lake, Marion, Putnam and Perry counties; frequent. March
11-December 1. Evidently hibernates as imago.
Family VIII. SILPHID.#.
Tur Carrion BEETLE.
Wherever decaying animal matter occurs, especially dead birds,
mice or snakes, the larger members of this family can usually be
found. The smaller species live more commonly in decaying fungi,
while a few occur only in the nests of ants. The name Silphide is
founded upon that of the principal genus Silpha, a name of Greek
origin indicating a foetid odor. The larger members of the family.
belonging to the genera Vecrophorus and Nilpha, range in size be-
tween one-half and one and a half inches. Their eggs are deposited
in the bodies of small mammals or fragments of putrid flesh, which
are then buried from several inches to nearly a foot in the ground.
A pair of the beetles will thus bury the body of a mouse or mole
with great rapidity. The larve, on hatching from the eggs, feed
upon the decaying flesh, and are said to even devour the bones of
small mammals.
From allied families the members of the Silphide may be known
by having the eves finely granulated, sometimes (in cave species)
absent; antenne 11-, rarely 9- or 10-jointed, gradually or suddenly
clubbed at apex and inserted under the margin of the front, behind
the base of mandibles; thorax without distinct side pieces beneath:
mesosternum very short, the side pieces closing the coxal cavities on
the sides; metasternum large, truncate behind; front coxw large.
conical, contiguous; hind coxe contiguous; abdomen with five or
six free ventral segments; legs variable, sometimes thick and fitted
for digging, sometimes slender; tibix with large terminal spurs;
tarsi usually 5-jointed.
The principal literature treating of the North American species
is embodied in the two following papers:
LeConte,—"Svuopsis of the Silphide of North America.’? i
Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat Set, VI. 1805, 274-287.
THE CARRION BEETLES. 273
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Silphidw of the United States with
reference to the Genera of other Countries,’’ in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soe.. VIIT, 1880, 219-322.
Nearly 900 species of Silphide are known. about 125 of which,
distributed among 31 genera, are from North America. Horn, in
his Synopsis, divided the family among six tribes. Fowr of these
are known to be represented in Indiana, while a single species of an-
other mav occur.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF SILPHIDAE.
a, Hind coxee simple.
». Front coxee more or less transverse at base and with trochantin.
ce. Front coxal cavities open behind.
d, Tlind coxe contiguous; larger, 10 or more mm.
Tribe I. SiLpHini, p. 273.
dd. Hind coxve separated; eyes wanting; smaller. not over 2 mm.
Tribe II. PrNopyTINi, p. 277.
ec, Front coxal cavities closed behind; length less than 5 mm.
Tribe IV. ANISOTOMINI, p. 284.
vb. Front coxie eylindric-conic, without trochantin, the cavities closed
behind; length less than 6 mm. Tribe IIT. CHOLEVINI, p. 278.
ad. Hind cox with lamine or plates; size very small, not over 2 mm.
Tribe V. CLAMBINI, p. 291.
Tribe I. SILPHINI.
To this tribe belong all the larger members of the family, the
distinctive characters being the open front coxal cavities and the
contiguous hind coxe. The form is sometimes elongate, but usually
oval or even nearly circular: elytra distinctly, sometimes widely.
margined at the sides; abdomen often visible beyond the elytra. Of
the seven genera comprising the tribe, three are represented in In-
diana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SILPHINI.
a. Antenne ten-jointed. the Jast four joints forming an abrupt club; mid-
dle coxze widely separated. I. NECROPHORUS.
aa. Antenne eleven-jointed, either slender or gradually clavate.
b. Middle coxee moderately separated; front coxal cavities widely open
behind; elytral strive, if present, not punctured. II. Srrpra.
bb. Middle coxze narrowly separated or contiguous; front coxal cavities
narrowly open; elytral stris with distinct impressed punctures.
ITI. Nercroputns.
J. Necropror¢s Fab. 1775. (Gr.. ‘fa dead body | bearing.’’)
To this genus belong large, clongate, thick-bodied beetles, having
274 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHIDA.
black elytra, which are truncate at tip, and ornamented with con-
spicuous reddish-yellow spots. The head is
CL P large, suddenly narrowed in front of eyes and
ae also at a little distance hehind them. The an-
tae tenne are spoken of as ten-jointed, but the
true second joint appears as a node at the base
of the one usually called the second. (Fig.
134.) They are frequently known as ‘‘sexton
Fig. 134, Necrophorus: 1, beetles,’’ on account of their habits of burying
antenne; 2. tarsus; 3, head . :
from beneath. small mammals and snakes. Six species have
(After Westwood.) é 7
been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NECROPHORUS.
a. Hind, and usually the middle, tibia curved or arcuate.
b. Thorax orbicular, its sides and base with wide, flattened margins,
disk finely and sparsely punctulate.
c. Disk of thorax red; elytra without erect hairs.
533. AMERICANUS.
ec. Disk of thorax black; elytra with erect hairs. 5384. Say.
bb. Thorax transversely cordate, its sides narrowly margined and sin-
uate at middle; disk smooth; first joint of antennal club red.
535. MARGINATUS.
aa. Tibiee straight, not arcuate.
d. Thorax orbicular as in americanus and sayi. 536. ORBICOLLIS.
dd. Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind; sides and base
broadly margined.
e. Disk of thorax glabrous; antennal club orange, the first joint pic-
eous. 537. PUSTULATUS.
ee. Disk of thorax densely pubescent; antennal club piceous.
538. TOMENTOSUS.
533 (1695). NECROPHORUS AMERICANUS Oliv., Ent., II, 1790, 6.
Elongate, robust. Black, shining; vertex, disk of
thorax, epipleural fold and two large irregular
transverse spots on each elytron, orange-red; an-
tenne black, the club orange-red. Thorax wider
than long, truncate in front; disk with a few scat-
tered punctures along the margins. Length 27-—
85 mm. (Wig. 135.)
Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; fre-
quent. April 23-August 11. Probably occurs
throughout the State. Often attracted hy
electric light. Our largest species. readily
known by its size and the color of head and
thorax.
534 (1696). NecRorHorvs sayr Lap., Hist. Nat.
II, 1839, 2.
Elongate, moderately robust. Resembles orbicol- Fig. 185. x 14. (Original.)
THE CARRION BEETLES, 275
lis, but smaller. The epipleura fold of elytra is wholly orange-red, the sides
of thorax less curved, and the middle and hind tibie are curved in both
sexes. Length 16-18 mm.
Lake and Vigo counties; rare. June 4-July 15.
535 (1698). NEcROPHORUS MARGINATUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 334.
Moderately elongate. Black, shining; antennal club, epipleural fold
and two broad dentate cross-bands on elytra, orange yellow; the sub-basal
band usually entire, rarely divided at suture; the subapical often reach-
ing the apical margin, the two connected on side margin. Thorax distinctly
narrower behind the middle, the disk nearly smooth. Hind tibie distinctly
curved. Length 20-27 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-July 28. Occurs
especially about dead snakes.
536 (1697). NecRoPHORUS orBICoLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 177; ibid. II, 284.
Elongate, moderately robust. Black, shining; elytra with a sub-basal
cross-bar and subapical spot orange-red; epipleural fold black; antenne
piceous, the club orange-red. first joint black. Middle and hind tibix in
both sexes gradually broader to tip and straight. Length 20-25 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-August 20. One
just emerged from pupal stage was taken from a little pit beneath
a log on April 17.
537 (1701). NEcROPHORUS PUSTULATUS Hersch., Illig. Mag., VI, 271.
Moderately robust. Black or piceous, shining; antennal club, except
the first joint, and two spots on each elytron, orange-red; one of the elytral
spots on the side at usual position of sub-basal band, the other, sometimes
double, subapical. Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind.
Elytra coarsely punctured, each with two faint coste. Length 17 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 18. The color is variable, some-
times wholly black; the epipleural fold usually black, often red or
partly so.
588 (1703). NEcROPHORUS TOMENTOSUS Weber, Obs. Ent., I, 1801, 47.
Moderately elongate. Black, shining; elytra with two cross-bars and
epipleural fold orange-red; the cross-bars*resembling those of marginatus,
but narrower. Thorax broader than long, very little narrowed behind, the
disk clothed with golden yellow hairs. Middle and hind tibie straight.
Length 15-20 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 20-October 18.
II. Smepwxa Linn. 1758. (Gr., ‘‘a beetle.’’)
Strongly depressed beetles of medium or large size, usually
rounded in form and with a wide, thin margin to thorax and elytra.
276 FAMILY VIIT.—-sSILPHID.
The antenne are 11-jointed and never clongate, the terminal joint
being flattened and oval at tip; elytra more or less costate, but not
striate, the lateral margins reflexed.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILPELA.
a. Eves large, prominent; form elongate; hind femora much stouter in
males. 539. SURINAMENSIS.
ad, Eyes not prominent; form oval; hind femora similar in both sexes.
bd. Labrum broadly emarginate; third joint of antenne as long or longer
than the second. :
c. Thorax entirely black. 540. INZEQUALIS.
ec. Thorax with black disk and reddish-yellow margin.
541. NOVEBORACENSIS.
bb. Labrum deeply emarginate; third joint of antennz shorter than sec-
ond; form broadly oval. 542. AMERICANA.
*539 (1704). SILPITA SURINAMENSIS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 72.
Moderately elongate, depressed. Black or piceous; elytra with narrow
subapical orange red cross-bar, often broken into spots, sometimes entirely
wanting. Thorax transversely oval, broadly flattened behind. Elytra gradu-
ally broader behind, apex obliquely truncate; disk flat with three distinct
coste. Length 15-24 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates as imago beneath
logs close to carrion. January 19-December 18.
*540 (1708). SItpHA INZQUALIS Fah.. Spec. Ins., 1. 1781, 87.
Oral, slightly oblong, depressed.
Black, opaque. Thorax twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front.
base with a broad truneate lobe
at middle; elytra very little long-
er than wide, rounded at apex,
the disk with three costi. the
outer and most distinct shorter
and terminating in a slight tuber-
cle one-third from apex. Length
Fig. 136. a, larva; d, same, natural size; f, g, h, mandible, es is
labium and aus e larva: i, 2, anal Tees ce antenne of 10-14 mm. (Fis. 186.)
same; m, one of the lateral processes more highly magnified; r ‘
4, pupa; e, same, natural size; /, anal Sraceasr of same; ¢, Chroughout the State; col-
beetle; 4, front tarsus of same. (After Riley. c : +
¥) mon. Hibernates in different
stages: gregarious. January 16-November 4.
THE CARRION BEETLES. 277
541 (1709). SizpHa noveporaceNsis Forst., Cent. Ins., I, 1771, 17.
Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. Thorax piceous, broadly
margined with reddish-yellow; elytra brownish to piceous.
Thorax about one-half wider than long, base truncate at mid-
die, sinuate each side; elytra as broad as thorax, rounded be-
hind, the disk with three coste, the outer one the stronger;
surface distinctly and regularly punctate. Length 13-14 mm.
F g. 137.
(Fig. 137.) (Atter Cometodie)
Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. April 10-July 2.
Sometimes found on decaying fungi: more often on carrion.
542 (1710). SizpHa americana Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 570.
Broadly oval, depressed. Thorax yellow, with discal
black spot; elytra brownish, with the elevations darker.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. much narrowed
in front, base broadly lobed at middle, surface densely
end equally punctured. Elytra as wide or wider con-
jointly than long, the disk with three indistinct cost.
connected by numerous cross elevations; intervals rather
closely punctate. Length 16-20 mm. (Fig. 1388.)
: Throughout the State; frequent. April 18—July
Fig 138 x 4. 9, =Taken tn covtu on June 4. Often found in de-
(After Glover.) i .
caving fungus as well as carrion.
TI. Necropuinus Lat. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘a dead body +loving.’’)
This genus is represented in the United States by only two spe-
cies, one of which oceurs in Indiana.
543 (1714). NecropuiLus perritiy Horn, Trans. Am. nt. Soc, VIII, 18s0,
248.
Broadly oval, narrower in front. Dark chestnut brown, shining, gla-
brous. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, sides curved.
apex emarginate, base truncate; margin broadly flattened and recurved,
translucent; surface sparsely punctate, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra
suddenly sloping downward near apex, the surface with rows of coarse.
deep punctures. Length 10-11 mm.
Two specimens were taken in very ill-smelling decaying fungi
beneath a log in woods near Grand Chain, Posey County. April
10. Dury has taken it in small numbers on several occasions near
Cincinnati, but it seems to be everywhere scarce. *
Tribe II. PINODYTINT.
This tribe is represented in North America hy three small, blind,
oblong, chestnut-colored beetles. One of these, Pinodytes cryplo-
phagoides Mann., lives in the fine debris of rotten wood and has
278 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHID&.
been taken in Alaska, and near Washington, D. C., so that it prob-
ably oceurs in Indiana. (Fig. 139, a.) Another, P. hamiltom
Horn, occurs near Allegheny City. Pennsylvania.
This tribe comprises insects of small size and usually ovate
form, having the front cox cylindrie-conic and contiguous, the
cavities closed behind; abdomen with six distinct segments, except
b
Fig. 139. a, Pinodytes cryptophagoides Mann.; (2) of same; b, Prionocheta opaca Say; (a) tibial spur
of same; c, Ptomophagus consobrinus Lec.; (a) antenna of same. (After Horn.)
Tribe II]. CHOLEVINI.
in Colon, and covered by the elytra. Some of the species live on
carrion or in fungi; others in ants’ nests. Four of the eight genera
are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHOLEVINI.
a. Abdomen with six segments; hind coxse contiguous; head suddenly nar-
rowed behind the eyes, forming a neck, the occiput elevated in a
ridge.
bo. Elytra punctate, not strigose; last joint of maxillary palpi as long as
the preceding; mesosternum not carinate, the middle cox con-
tiguous.
c. Tibial spurs moderate in length, simple. IV. CHOLEYA
ce. Tibial spurs very long, bipectinate. (Fig. 139, b.)
V. PRIONOCH-ETA.
bb. Elytra finely and transversely strigose; last joint of mavxillary palpi
short, awl-shaped; mesosternum carinate, the middle cox sepa-
rated; antenne gradually clavate, not longer than head and thorax.
(Fig. 139, e.) VI. PToMOPHAGUS.
aa. Abdomen with five segments (often four in female) ; head oval, not nar-
rowed behind, occiput not elevated; hind coxe contiguous.
VII. CoLon.
IV. Cuoreva Latr. 1796. (Gr., ‘‘to limp or halt.’’)
Small, usually oval species, narrowed behind and having the sur-
face finely pubescent and the elytra usually finely punctured. The
THE CARRION BEETLES, 279
antenne are as long as the head and thorax, the last five joints form-
Ing an elongate club, the eighth shorter and narrower than the sev-
enth and ninth. Five species are known from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHOLEVA.
a. Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse.
6. Form elongate-oblong, but little narrowed behind; nearly uniform
dark brown; cave inhabiting species. 544. ALSIOSA.
bb. Form oval or oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed behind; terrestrial
species.
c. Front femora more or less flat on the under edge, usually glabrous
and with a tubercle in the male; female with ventral segments
not foveate at middle. 545. SIMPLEX.
ec. Front femora with the lower edge rounded, punctate and without
trace of tubercle in male. ;
d. Form oblong; body distinctly contracted at base of elytra; fe-
male with ventral segments 5-6 deeply longitudinally im-
pressed at middle. 546. BASILLARIS.
dd. Form oval. margins of thorax and elytra nearly continuous; fe-
male with ventral segments 5-6 vaguely impressed.
547. CLAVICORNIS.
aa. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, the thoracic and elytral margins
continuous; female with abdomen not impressed. 548. TERMINANS.
544 (1727). CHoLreva Atstiosa Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885,
136.
Elongate-oblong, rather slender, finely pubescent. Dark smoky or sooty
brown. Antenne rather slender, longer than head and thorax, piceous, the
two basal joints paler. Thorax Jess than twice as wide as long, narrower
in front; hind angles rather obtuse, disk densely and finely punctured.
Elytra elongate-oval, as wide as thorax at base, rather densely punctate,
the punctures coarser than on thorax. Length 4.3 mm.
One specimen from Coon’s Cave, Monroe County, July 10.
Taken from beneath a stone 400 feet from the entrance; also re-
corded from Mayfield’s Cave, Monroe County, by Banta. Described
from Alaska, but since taken by Garman in caves near Lexington,
Kentucky.
545 (1728). CHoLeva SIMPLEX Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
184; ibid. II, 289.
Oval, slightly oblong, pubescent. Head and thorax piceous, elytra pur-
plish-brown; antenne piceous, two basal joints paler. Thorax one-half
wider than long, a little narrower in front, surface finely and densely punc-
tate; elytra scarcely wider than thorax, narrowed behind, not striate, rather
densely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Clark and Posey counties; scarce. May 7-May 15.
280) PAMILY VIIT.—SILPHID.E.
P46 (172). JHOLEVA BASILLABIS Say, Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sei, ILL, 1828, 194; ibia.
II, 124.
Oblong, moderately elongate. Head and thorax pic-
eous; elytra dark brown, paler at base, the surface
pubescent, moderately shining. Thorax more than half
as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, base feebly
curved; elytra very little wider than the thorax, nar-
rower behind, not densely punctured. Length 3-4 mu.
(Fig. 140.)
Marion, Clark and Posey counties; scarce.
March 25-May 21. Those from Marion County
were taken from the nest of a shrew.
\
Fig. 140. x 8. (Original.)
547 (1780). CnHobLeva cLAvicornis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1853, 281.
Oval, slightly oblong. ~ Head and thorax dark brown, or piceous; elytra
pale brown, pubescent. Antenne scarcely reaching hind angles of thorax,
picenus, the apical and two basal joints paler. Thorax twice as wide us
long. the surface tather densely punctate. Elytra oval. gradually narrowed
to apex, not wider than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Kosciusko. Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. March
13-August 17.
“O48 (1732). CHOLEVA TERMINANS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850. 218.
Oblong-oval. Piceous or brownish, finely pubescent. Antenne as in
claricornis. Thorax twice as wide at base as long; sides curved and nar-
rowed to front; hind angles rectangular, surface finely and densely punctu-
late. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowing to apex; su-
tural stria rather deeply impressed; surface not densely punctate. Length
2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates as imago. April
12-December 5. Taken in deserted nests of mice; also on dead
hens and fungi.
V. Prionocu#t, Horn. 1880. (Gr., ‘fa saw + bristle.’’)
Here belongs a single medium-sized black species having the an-
tenne as long as head and thorax, the last four joints abruptly
shorter than those preceding; middle tarsi of male not dilated.
549 (1734). PRIoNociiars oPACA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V. 1825.
1S43 ibid. IT, 289.
Oblong-oval, slightly narrower behind the middle. the thoracie and ely-
tral margins nearly continuous. Black, feebly shining, clothed with short.
dark brown hairs; antennee piceous, the apex and base paler. Thorax less
than twice as wide as long; hind angles obtuse, surface finely and densely
THE GARKION BEETLES, 281
punctulate. Elytra as wide and a little more than twice as long as thorax,
rather densely punctulate, substriate near the tip, the sutural stria distinct.
Length 51mm. (Tig. 129, 0.)
Throughout the State, but searce. April 13-August 12. Usu-
ally on fungi, but sifted from nests of rabbits in spring and beaten
from vegetation in June.
VI. Promopnagus Illig. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘a corpse + eat.’’)
Small oval or slightly oblong-brownish beetles, having the eighth
antennal joint always shorter and usually slightly narrower than
the seventh and ninth. The surface of elytra, and often that of
thorax, is transversely finely wrinkled instead of being punctate.
Four species are known from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTOMOPHAGUS.
a, Eighth joint of antenne very short and transverse, somewhat narrower
than the seventh and ninth.
b. Thorax transversely strigose or finely wrinkled; elytra very obliquely
striguse. (ig. 189, ¢.) 5 550. CONSOBRINUS.
bb. Thorax punctate, rarely strigose near the margin.
ec. Inner spur of hind tibize as long as the first tarsal joint; thorax
of same color as elytra. 5d1. OBLITUs.
ce. Inner spur of hind tibise less than half the length of first tarsal
joint; thorax distinctly darker than elytra. 552. PUslo.
ad. Wighth joint of antenme at least half the length of the ninth and searce-
ly narrower; thorax rather densely punctate. 553. PARASITUS.
550 (1735). PromopHaGus coNsoprinus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
VI, 1853, 281.
Oblong-oval, somewhat wedge-shaped. Dark brown or piceous, feebly
shining, pubescent; legs and antenne at base paler. Thorax one-third
wider at base than long, hind angles acutely rectangular. Tlytra gradually
narrewing to near apex, the latter suddenly obliquely narrowed. Length
25-3 mm. (Fig. 189, c.)
Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 17-May 7. The
fine wrinkles on the surface of beth thorax and elytra show very
prettily beneath a Jens.
551 (1740). Promopnacts opnitts Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1853,
282.
Resembles the next species, but differs by characters given in key and
by its larger size. Head piceous; thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown.
JJind angles of thorax more obtuse and sutural striz of elytra less im-
pressed than in pusio. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Lawrence County; scaree. June 11. Taken from = carrion-
baited traps. Known from Georgia and Florida.
282 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHIDZ..
552 (1741). PromopHactus pusio Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859,
282.
Oval, slightly oblong, narrowed in front and behind the middle. Dark
chestnut brown, head and thorax piceous, moderately shining, pubescent.
Antenne piceous, basal joints paler, eighth much shorter than ninth. Thorax
twice as wide as long, feebly narrowed in front, sides slightly curved, hind
angles rectangular, surface densely punctate. Elytra as wide as thorax,
sides feebly curved, tips obtuse; sutural stria deeply impressed, surface
transversely strigose. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Steuben and Putnam counties; rare. April 24+-May v4. Une
specimen on the former date from the deserted nest of rabbit.
553 (1742). PromopHacts PaRASITUS Lec., Proc. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1853, 282.
Oval, narrowed behind the middle. Dark reddish- or chestnut brown,
shining, finely pubescent; head and disk of thorax darker. Thorax a little
less than twice as wide at base as long, hind angles subrectangular, surface
strigose on sides, rather densely punctate on disk. Apex of elytra obtuse.
|
Fig. 141. a, Colon thoracicum Horn; b, antenna of same; c, Colon magnicolle Mann.; d, front and bind legs of
C. hubbardi Horn, male; e, front tibiw and hind legs of C. paradorum Horn.
the fine wrinkles of surface coarser, more distant and less oblique than in
consobrinus. Length 2 mm.
Posey and Putnam counties; frequent in the nests of large black
and reddish-brown ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeG., and C.
ferrugineus Fab. March 25-May 12.
VII. Conon Herbst. 1797. (Gr., ‘‘a joint or limb.’’)
Small, oval, brownish or piceous species. narrowed behind the
middle and having the surface punctured and finely pubescent;
eyes nearly round, moderately prominent; antenne rarely passing
the middle of thorax, joints S-11, forming an oblong, rather com-
pact club (Fig. 4. No. 3.) ; middle coxe separated, the mesosternum
not carinate. Males with front spur of front tibie short, stout,
with the sides dentate or lobed, and with larger spur of middle and
hind tibie slender but abruptly dilated from the middle to base.
The following species have been taken or may occur in the State:
THE CARRION BEETLES. 283
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COLON.
a. Hind femora of male with a long tooth on the inner margin near the
tip; hind tibie curved. (Fig. 141, d.) HUBBARDI.
aa. Hind femora of male without trace of tooth.
b. Hind angles of thorax distinct, sometimes acutely rectangular.
c. Body broader in front, the elytra rather rapidly narrowing to apex,
with feebly curved sides.
d. Surface subopaque, densely punctured; sutural stria entire;
larger, 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 141, ¢.) MAGNICOLLE.
dd. Surface rather shining; thorax sparsely punctate; sutural stria
evanescent near base; smaller, not over 1.5 mm.
554. PUSILLUM.
cc. Body oblong-oval, not wider in front; elytra behind the humeri
usually wider than thorax, the latter with coarse, rather deep
punctures, with finer ones in the intervals. (Fig. 141, a and 0.)
THORACICUM
bb. Hind angles of thorax obtuse or rounded.
d. Color piceous, legs reddish-brown; middle tibise of male straight.
ASPERATUM.
dd. Color reddish-brown ; middle tibize of male distinctly curved.
555. OBLONGUM.
C. hubbardi Horn, piceous to reddish-brown in hue and 2.5 mm.
in length, is known from Michigan and Ohio. C. magnicolle Mann.,
piceous in color, occurs in Michigan and Pennsylvania.
554 (1752). CoLon pusittum Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880,
273.
Oblong-oval, evidently broader in front. Dull reddish-brown, finely
pubescent. Antennze pale, reaching middle of thorax, the last joint as long
as preceding and obtuse. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly
curved and narrowing to front, disk finely not densely punctate. Elytra as
wide at base as thorax, surface rather densely and roughly punctate.
Length 2 mm.
Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. April 21—May
16. Taken by sifting debris from about the base of trees. One
male has a minute tooth arising from the middle of hind femora
and is to be referred to C. putum Horn, which is probably synony-
mous.
C. thoracicum Horn, reddish-brown, the elytra with a central
dark cloud, length 2.5 mm., was described from Missouri and the
District of Columbia. C. asperatum Horn, length 2 mm., is known
from Michigan and Illinois.
555 (——). CoLoNn OBLONGUM sp. nov.
Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish
hairs. Head densely and finely punctate; antennz reaching middle of
thorax, the apical joint paler, not longer and slightly narrower than tenth.
2st FAMILY VILIL—SILPHIDE.
Thorax one-half wider than long. sides feebly curved, hind angles obtusely
rounded; dixk coarsely and very densely punctate. Elytra as wide at base
aus thorax. thence feebly tapering to apex, sides nearly straight; disk dense
ly, finely and rather roughly punctate. Male with three joints of front
tarsi broadly dilated, middle tibise strongly curved, hind ones straight.
Length 2.5 mm.
Clark and Posey counties; searce. April 21-May 6. Taken by
sifting.
Tribe IV. ANISOTOMINI.
This tribe comprises species of small size, having the body oval,
convex, sometimes capable of being contracted into a hemispherical
ball; front cox:e conical, contiguous, prominent, with trochantin,
the coxal cavities narrowly closed behind; hind coxe contiguous;
abdomen with six segments. They live for the most part either in
decomposing fungi or under the bark of dead trees. Seven genera
are known to be represented in Indiana, while two others may
oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANISOTOMINL.
a. Head without antennal grooves beneath.
b. Hind tarsi five-jointed ; mesisternum not carinate; antennal club five-
jointed. IlyYDNoRIUs.
bb. Wind tarsi with less than five joints: mesosternum carinate.
c. Antennal club five-jointed ; length 2.54 min. VIIL. ANrIsoTOMA.
ec, Antennal club three-jointed., clongate. loose: simaller, not ever 2
mum.; elytra with fine transverse wrinkles. IX. CoLenis.
au. lead with distinctly limited antennal growves.
d. Antennal club more than three-jointed.
«. Antennal club five-jointed, elongate. (Fig. 4. No. 6.)
f. orm broadly oval or hemispherical, convex; frontal suture well
marked; tarsi unlike in the sexes, prosternum short in front
of coxw. X. LIopEs.
Tf. Form oblang-elliptical, subdepressed ; frontal suture wholly lack-
ing; prosternum long before the coxie. XI. STETHOLIODES.
ec, Antennal club four-jointed; number of tarsal joints the same in
both sexes. NIL. CY¥RICSA.
dd, Autennal club three-jointed; tarsi unlike in the sexes.
g. Antenne ten-jointed. ISOPLASTUS.
gg. Antenne vleven-jointed.
h. Hind tarsi four-jointed; mesosternum not carinate between the
iniddle coxw: body strongly contractile.
NIT. AGATHIDIUM.
hh, Wind tarsi three-jointed ; mesosternum strongly carinate.
NIV. AGLYPTUs.
THE CARRION BEETLES. 285
Hydnobius substriatus Lee., piceous or dark chestnut brown,
labrum deeply bilobed, hind femora of male with a subquadrate
tooth, length 2-2.5 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in
northern Indiana.
VIIL. Awnisotrom, Tihg. 1795. (Gr., ‘‘unequal + joint.’’)
Oval or oblong-oval species having the head short, not prolonged
in front of the eyes; antenne short, j1-jointed, joints 7 to 11, form-
ing an abrupt oblong club, the eighth very short and narrower
than the seventh or ninth;
last joint of maxillary pal- e
pi longer than the third, i
eylindrical and _ slightly
acuminate at tip; front | | ss
and middle tarsi in both XA
sexes with five joints, hind ss Cc
ones with four. One spe- pee
cies has been taken in In-
diana, while three others 4, Fit Wo Anpemma ide Horn:t bind got 4 asin
may occur. ° male; c, Clambus gibbulus Lec.; (a) antenna of same.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISOTOMA.
a. Mesosternum oblique between the middle cox:e.
b. Punctures of elytral intervals finer than those of stri:e.
ce. Hind femora of male obtusely serruiate or crenulate; hind tibire
slender and strongly curved. (Fig. 142, b.) ASSIMILIS. |
cc. Hind femora of male simple, neither dentate nor serrulate; hind
tibiz scarcely longer or more curved than in female.
550. PUNCTATOSTRIATA.
bb. Punctures of elytral intervals and strize eyual in size; outer end of
hind femora of male forming an acute hook. (lig. 142 («).)
CONFERTA,
aa. Mesosternum vertical between the cox; elytra without subhumeral
strie. (Fig. 142 (b).) OBSOLETA.
A, assimalis Lee., piceous or dark reddish-brown, length 3.5-4
mm., is a boreal species, ranging from New Hampshire to Michigan
and westward.
556 (1772). ANISOTOMA PUNCTATOSTRIATA Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV,
1837, 110.
Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Dull brownish-vellow, shining. Thorax
twice as wide as long, gradually narrower from base to apex, the latter
emarginate, base truncate; hind angles rectangular, surface sparsely and
finely punctate. Tlytra oval, surface with eight rows of coarse, closely
placed punctures, the eighth abbreviated at base, also with a rather long
286 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHIDA.
subhumeral row of punctures; intervals flat, shining, sparsely punctulate,
the alternate ones with a few widely distant, coarser punctures. Length
2.5 mm.
Pine, Lake County, and near Clear Lake, Steuben County;
searce. May 2-May 25. A member of the boreal fauna. Resem-
bles a small Pallodes pallidus, a common fungus beetle of the family
Nitidulide.
A. conferta Lee., piceous, elytra paler, length 2.5 mm., is known
from Illinois. A. obsoleta Melsh., reddish-yellow or pale chestuut-
brown, length 1.5-2.5 mm., is said to cecur from the Atlantic to
Colorado.
IX. Coxents Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘knee.’’)
Here belongs one minute pale species having the labrum emar-
ginate; last joint of maxillary palpi cylindrical; antenne 11-
jointed, joints 9-11 forming a loose, oblong club; tarsi 5-4-4 in
both sexes.
Fig. 148. a, Colenis impunctata Lec.; b, Liodes geminata Horn; ¢, Cyrtusu blandissima Zimm.; d, bind leg
and middle tibie of male of same; e, hind leg of C. egena Lec., male. (After Horn.)
557 (1781). CoLenis impunctatTa Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1853, 284.
Broadly oval, convex, not contractile. Uniform pale reddish-brown,
shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front,
apex feebly emarginate, surface smooth, hind angles rectangular. BElytra
broadly oval, nearly as wide as long; surface finely transversely strigose.
Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 143, a.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-December 7. Oc-
curs especially in fleshy fungi on beech stumps.
X. Lioprs Latr. 1796. (Gr.. ‘‘smooth.’’)
Small oval or hemispherical beetles having well defined oblique
antennal grooves on under surface of head; elypeus slightly pro-
longed beyond the front; labrum usually truncate; antenne 11-
jointed, joints 7-11 forming an elongate loose elub (Fig. 4, No. 6);
tarsal joints 5-5-4 in males, 5-44 in females, They live in patches
THE CARRION BEETLES. 287
of powdery fungus on logs and dead trees, and are usually common
where found. The following have been taken or probably occur in
the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIODES.
a. Elytra with regular rows of punctures.
b. Ninth row of punctures marginal in the greater part of its length,
distant from the margin at base only.
c. Elytra strongly sinuate at sides, the ninth stria very distant from
margin at base.
d. Intervals of elytra distinctly punctulate. GLOBOSA.
dd. Intervals smooth or nearly so. POLITA.
ce. Wlytra not sinuate at sides, the ninth stria not very distant at
base; intervals smooth. 558. DISCOLOR.
bb. Ninth row of punctures distant from the margin its entire length;
elytra not sinuate. BLANCHARDI.
aa. Elytra with more or less confused rows of punctures.
e. Ninth row distant from margin its entire length.
f. Punctures of strise rather coarse, those of intervals very fine.
559. BASALIS.
ff. Punctures of striz fine, those of intervals quite evident.
OBSOLETA.
ee. Ninth stria marginal, distant from margin for a short distance at
base only; rows of punctures much confused, forming nearly double
strie. (Fig. 143, 0b.) GEMINATA.
L. globosa Lee. and L. polita Lec., both piceous black and 3-3.5
mm. in length, have been recorded from Kentucky.
558 (1784). LiopEes prscotor Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II, 1844,
103.
Hemispherical, very little longer than wide. Piceous-black above, red-
dish-piceous beneath, shining. Thorax without punctures, the hind angles
rectangular. Elytra as wide as long, each with eight entire rows of rather
coarse punctures, the ninth distant from the margin at base, but joining it
slightly behind the middle; intervals flat, smooth, the alternate ones with
a very few distant coarse punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; scarce. June 6—August 3.
L. blanchardi Horn, was described from Massachusetts and has
been since recorded from Cincinnati.
559 (1787). Laiopges Basatis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 285.
Broadly oval, convex, shining. Piceous black; elytra with humeral
space of varying width, extending from sides almost to suture, orange-red.
Thorax minutely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra with eight entire rows
of rather fine, much confused punctures, the rows appearing double. Length
2.5 mm.
Posey and Perry counties; scarce, May 1-May 20,
[1923402]
288 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHIDZ.
559a (1787). LropES BASALIS pICHROA Lec., loc. cit.
A variety of basalis which differs in having the elytra either entirely
orange-red, or the suture and apex only, black.
Jennings and Posey counties; scarce. May 25-July 12.
L, obsoleta Horn and L. geminata Horn, both piceous black, the
former 2-3 mm.., the latter 3-3.5 mm. in length, are said to range
from New England and Canada to Virginia and Illinois.
XI. Srerpouiopes Fall. 1910. (Gr., ‘‘breast + smooth.’’)
Oblong-elliptical, subdepressed; labrum curved in front with a
small, shallow median notch; prosternum as long before the coxe
as the thickness of the latter from front to back; mesosternum
strongly oblique; other characters nearly as in Diodes. One species
is known.
560 (——). STETHOLIODES LATICOLLIS Fall, Can. Ent., XLII, 1910, 4.
Form given above. Dull reddish-yellow, shining. Antenne reaching
hind angles of thorax, third joint as long as the three following, seventh
larger than eighth, the latter equal to sixth, ninth to eleventh much larger.
Thorax about twice as long as wide, a little wider than elytra. sides broad-
ly curved and gradually narrowed from base to apex, hind angles sub-
rectangular; disk minutely alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. Ely-
tra more than twice as long as thorax, each with nine regular rows of
punctures, the outer one distant from the margin; intervals nearly flat.
sparsely and irregularly punctulate. Length 2.7 mm.
Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
The unique specimen is in the collection of Mr. Fall.
XII. Cyrrvsa Erichs. 1842. (Gr.. ‘‘to curve or bend.’’)
This genus is composed of very small, oval. convex forms (Fig.
143, ¢.), having the antenne 10-jointed, with a four-jointed club
and with joints 4 to 6, very short, together not longer than the third.
The front and middle tarsi in both sexes are composed of five joints,
while the hind ones have but four.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYRTUSA.
a. Elytra punctured over the entire surface, the rows of punctures often
much confused. 561. PICIPENNIS.
aa. Elytral intervals smooth and shining, the rows of punctures distinct.
562. EGENA,
561 (1790). CyRTusa PICIPENNIS Lee., New Sp. N. Am. Col. I, 1863. 25.
Oval, strongly convex. Uniform chestnut or dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, hind
angles distinct but obtuse, surface rather sparsely and very finely pune-
THE CARRION BEETLES, 289
tate. Elytra broadly oyal, continuing the curve of the thorax; surface
irregularly punctate, sometimes with larger punctures forming sinuous rows
near the sides and suture. Jlind femora of male with a broad, acute tooth
at apex. Length 1.6-2 mun.
Starke County; rare. June 17. Larger and darker than egena,
with the legs less thickened and the tarsi more slender.
562 (1792). CYRTUSA EGENA Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1853, 284.
Oval or subglobose, very convex. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Thorax
more than twice as wide us long, narrowed in front; surface sparsely and
very finely punctate. Elytra each with eight somewhat irregular rows of
very, fine punctures; intervals flat, smooth, or rarely with a few fine punc-
tures. Tarsi very short and much compressed. Length 1-1.5 mm. (Fig.
143, e.)
Marshall, Monroe and Perry counties; scarce. May 16—June 10.
Isoplastus fossor Horn, hemispherical or broadly oval, very con-
vex, reddish-yellow in hue, leneth 1.5-2 mm., was described from
Detroit, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.
XIII. Acaruiprum Ilhg. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘good + little one.’’)
Very small black or piceous shining beetles having the labrum
short, rounded in front; antennz with joints 4-8 small, gradually
broader, 9-11 forming an
oblong rather loose club. ce
They occur beneath bark
or in fungi and are more a b
or less contractile, some of
them having the power to
roll themselves into a very ere
convex rounded mass, with — fig. 144. a, Agathidium oniscoides; b, upper, same, contracted;
the legs bent under an Eines ee politum (male) contracted; ¢, Aglyptus levis; a, antenna
completely hidden. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while
another probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGATHIDIUM.
a. Mesosternum continuous on the same plane with the metasternum, mod-
erately separating the middle coxee and subcarinate in front; elytra
polished, without punctures; third joint of antennze longer than sec-
ond. :
b. Larger species; sutural strive very fine. 563. ONISCOIDES.
bb. Smaller species; sutural strize distinctly impressed.
564. EXIGUUM.
aa. Mesosternum vertical between the coxze, which it narrowly separates,
not carinate in front; hind angles of thorax broadly rounded; body
very convex and contractile.
290 FAMILY VIII.—SILPHIDA.
c. Surface very smooth, wholly piceous. 565. POLITUM.
cc. Elytra distinctly punctulate, each usually with two large oblique
yellow spots. PULCHRUM.
563 (1794). AGATHIDIUM oNIScomwES Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 160.
Body perfectly contractile. Black or piceous, smooth and shining. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, apex deeply emarginate, front angles broadly
rounded. Elytra, viewed from above, almost circular in outline. Length,
extended, 3.5-+ mm. (Fig. 144, a@ and upper 0.)
Southern half of State; frequent; less so in the northern por-
tion. April 22-November 28. Occurs beneath bark, especially that
of logs bearing fungus growth.
564 (1795). AGATHIDIUM ExIGtUM Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. II,
1844, 103.
Resembles a small form of the preceding. Distinguished by its smaller
size, with the body less perfectly contractile; sutural stria distinct under
the lens. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Posey and Marion counties; scarce. March 17—-May 6.
*565 (1806). AGATHIDIUM POLITUM Lec., Pruc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866,
370.
Oval, very convex, contractile. Color variable from reddish-brown to
piceous, shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in
front, apex rather deeply emarginate, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra
oval, nearly as wide as long, sutural stria rather long, finely impressed;
surface either smooth or, in the paler specimens, finely punctate. Length
2-255 mm. (Fig. 144. lower 0.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 30-December 25. Hi-
bernates as imago.
A, pulchriwn Lee., thorax reddish-vellow with a large rounded
discal piceous space; length 2.5-3 mm., has been taken in Kentucky.
XIV. <Agcuyprus Lee. 1866. (Gr.. ‘without + sculpture.’’)
In this genus the head is broad and flat, with distinct antennal
grooves beneath; antenne 11-jointed, the last three joints forming
an oblong club, the terminal one broader and longer than the tenth;
tarsi slender, the front ones dilated and 4-jointed in the male, 3-
jointed in the female; middle and hind ones 3-jointed in both sexes.
One very small species occurs in the eastern United States. including
Indiana.
566 (1809). AcGryprus Levis Lee., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI. 1853, 284.
Oval, strongly convex, very little longer than wide. Piceous, or dark
reddish-brown, strongly shining; surface without sculpture. Thorax with
margin and base translucent; hind angles rectangular. Length 1-1.5 mm.
(Fig. 144, c.)
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 291
Putnam, Monroe and Posey counties; rare. March 6-July 10.
Taken by sifting.
Tribe V. CLAMBINI.
Very small oblong or globose-oval species having the hind coxe
contiguous with plates covering the thighs; tarsi four-jointed, tibie
without spurs. Our only species of the tribe belongs to the genus:
XV. CuamBts Fischer. 1820. (Gr., ‘‘mutilated.’’)
The members of this genus have the elytra not margined at the
sides and without epipleura; hind coxal plates wide; antenne 9-
jointed, arising close to the eyes, the club 2-jointed; abdomen with
five segments visible. Two species prohably occur in the State.
though but one has been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLAMBUS.
a. Surface smooth, shining, without punctuation or pubescence.
GIBBULUS.
aa. Surface sparsely pubescent; elytra rather densely and finely punctulate
behind the middle. 567. PUBERULUS.
C. gibbulus Lec., globose-oval, piceous-black, length 1 mm., is
said to occur from Canada to Texas, but has not yet been recog-
nized from Indiana. (Fig. 142, c.)
567 (1813). CLAMBUS PUBERULUS Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866, 26.
Globose-oval. Piceous or dull sooty brown, finely and sparsely pubes-
cent; elytra paler toward the tips; legs and antenne dull brownish-yellow.
Head and thorax very finely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra more dis-
tinctly punctulate, very sparsely on the disk, gradually more dense to the
tips. Length 1 mm.
Marion and Monroe counties; searce. April 23-October 15.
Taken from window of cellar in which wood had been stored and
from debris in beech stump.
Family IX. SCYDMA5NID Al.
Tue ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES.
Very small, shining, oval, convex species, brownish or piceous in
hue and usually having the upper surface rather thickly clothed
with erect hairs. They occur beneath bark or stones in moist locali-
ties; also often in ants’ nests, and are frequently on the wing at
twilight. From the smaller Silphide, to which they are closely re-
lated, they differ by having the hind coxe separated and the facets
292 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMENID.
of the eye coarser. In general form and size they resemble the
Pselaphida. but the elytra are always entire and the tarsi 5- instead
of 3-jointed.
Tn addition to the characters mentioned, they have the maxillary.
palpi long, the last jomt very small; antenne inserted upon the
front, at the inner margin of the eves, gradually thickened or slight-
ly club-shaped toward apex; prosternum not visible between the
coxee; elytra convex. covering the abdomen, the latter with six free
ventral seements; front cox conical, prominent, contiguous; middle
ones somewhat distant; hind ones small, conical or transverse, often
widely separated; tarsi 5-jointed, claws simple. Nearly 700 species
are known, about 175 of which are from the United States. These
are treated in the following papers:
LeConte—‘‘Synopsis of the Seydmenide of the United States,”’
in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI. 1852, 149-157.
Casey.—‘‘ Revision of the Scvdmenide of the United States.”’
im Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., TX, 1897, 351-548.
In his Revision, Casey divided the family into two subfamilies.
only one of which, the Scydmznine, is represented in Indiana. The
principal distinguishing characters given of this subfamily are as
follows: Antenne generally distinctly clavate, usually elbowed,
but with the basal joint short or moderate in length; hind coxe
transverse or transversely oval; metasternum large; abdomen short;
elytra never striate or with rows of punctures. The subfamily is
separated into ten tribes, four of which are known to be repre-
sented in the State, while two others may be.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF SCYDMASNINE.
a. Kourth joint of maxillary palpi awl-shaped. finely aciculate and oblique;
antenne widely separated at base.
b. Prosternum short and deeply sinuate before the cox:e: neck short and
abruptly constricted.
ec. Neck narrow: eyes in front of middle of head; scutellum wanting.
Tribe I. Etconnint, p. 293.
ec. Neck wide; eyes basal or sub-basal in position; seutellum always
present. Tribe II. ScypM-£nrntq, p. 301.
bb. Prosternum rather long and pubescent before the cox:e; thorax ob-
oval; length less than .S of a millimetre.
Tribe III. Oprestrnt, p. 302.
aa. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi obtuse, never awl-shaped, obscure or
fused rigidly to the apex of third, sometimes wanting.
d, Wind coxte transverse, extending to the sides of the body: antenne
widely separated at base.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 293
e. Head deeply inserted and strongly deflexed, the neck invisible;
eyes basal, frequently wanting; elytra more or less rounded at
tip; scutellum large and distinct; prosternum very short and
deeply emarginate before the coxie.
Tribe IV. CEPHENIINI, p. 302.
ec, Head exserted and but feebly inclined, the neck exposed and con-
stricted; eyes sub-basal; third palpal joint obconic; prosternum
rather long and well developed before the cox.
Tribe V. WurHerinyi, p. 303.
dd. Hind coxee oval, not reaching the sides of body; antennse inserted
close together at the apex of the front; neck strongly constricted ;
hind trochantins elongate: pygidium vertical or greatly inclined.
Tribe VI. Eumicrinti, p. 303.
Tribe I. EUCONNINI.
The special characters of this tribe are set forth in the above
table. Three of the six genera recognized hy Casev are represented
in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUCONNINIT,
a. Thorax with two or more fovee near the basal margin.
b. Third joint of maxillary palpi obeonic, gradually narrowed toward
base; antennal club three- or four-jointed. I. JXUCONNUS.
bb. Third joint very slender, abruptly clivate in front of middle; body
glabrous; head large; antennal club four-jointed.
Il. Pycnopuus.
aa. Thorax without fovem, though often more or less transversely impressed
near base. conical in form and never narrowed at base nor carinate
near hind angles. III. CoNNOPHRON.
I. Evuconnes Thoms. 1860, (Gr., ‘‘to know well.’’)
Head exserted, the eyes in front of middle; thorax oblong, more
or less narrowed at base and with at least two foves or pits near
the hind margin. Six species have been recognized from the State,
while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELCONNUS,
a. Antennal club four-jointed.
b. Elytra with long, erect and very sparse hairs; head sparsely pubes-
cent; clypeus separated from the front by a fine suture.
c. Head much narrower than thorax; secondary sexual characters of
male on third and fourth ventral segments.
d. Carina on side of thorax visible only at base; secondary male
characters large and conspicuous; piceous, the disk of elytra
reddish. 568. CLAVIPES.
dd. Carina on side of thorax long and distinct ; secondary male char-
acters feeble; black, elytra red. 5u9. SEMIRUBER.
294 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMENID.
cc. Head almost as wide as thorax: secondary male characters con-
fined to the sixth ventral; antennal club stronger, more abrupt
and more bead-like. : BICOLOR.
bb. Elytra very pubescent; head with dense, stiff hairs directed back-
ward; clypeo-frontal suture absent; antennze with a short abrupt
club, the eighth and ninth joints subequal in width.
c. Larger, 1.6 mm.; elytra not concave toward base; eighth antennal
joint as large as ninth. 570. occULtus.
ee. Smaller. not over 1.2 mm.; eighth antennal joint distinctly smaller
than ninth. 571. SIMILIS.
aa. Antennal club 3-jointed.
f. Head and elytra glabrous; thorax with four basal fovere; antenne
long and slender, the joints all longer than wide.
572. SALINATOR.
ff. Head and elytra distinctly but sparsely pubescent; thorax with a
well defined carina each side extending obliquely to base; antennal
club darker in color than the stem.
g. Highth antennal joint fully as long as wide; elytra not inflated.
: 573. FATUts.
gg. Eighth joint distinctly wider than long, the club stouter. DEBILIs.
568 (1888). Etconnus cLavipes Say, Long's Sec. Exped., IT, 1824, 272;
ibid. I, 179.
Oval, feebly inflated. Head black; thorax and under surface piceous;
elytra dark reddish-brown. shining, the sides and tips blackish; antenne
and legs reddish-brown. Antenne slender, three-fifths as long as body, the
last four joints longer than wide and one-half thicker than those of stem.
Thorax as long as wide. narrowed at base, broadly rounded in front, the
foveze deep, distinct. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, each with a small
deep fovea at middle of base and a rather strong humeral fold. Four front
femora strongly club-shaped. Length 1.5 mm.
Lake. Marshall and Crawford counties: frequent in Lake, scarce
in the others. March 26-May 28. The fourth and fifth ventral
segments of males each bear a short, thick discal plate, subdentate
on sides.
569 (——). EtcoNNUS SEMIRUBER Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897,
368.
Oval, rather robust. Black, shining, not punctate; elytra dull red;
antenne and legs reddish-piceous. Head not quite as long as wide; an-
tenn slender. half the length of body, the club loosely formed, its joints
gradually larger. Thorax as long as wide. feebly narrowed at base; trans-
verse impression distinct, the fover minute. Elytra two-fifths longer than
wide, twice as wide as thorax: humeral fold long and strong; subhumeral
impression long, wide and deep. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.
Marion County; searee. December 1. Taken in nest of ants
from beneath beech log. Described from northern and central
Tlinois,
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 295
570 (——). Buconnus occurtus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897,
372.
Rather narrow, feebly inflated. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining.
Head wider than long, broadly rounded at base. Antennz one-half the
length of body, the club abrupt, its joints wider than long. Thorax as long
as wide, but slightly wider than head, sides rounded in front, sinuate be-
hind; disk sparsely clothed with suberect hairs and with two fovere each
side near base, the outer one very small. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
each with a humeral fold, and a fovea near middle of base; disk minutely
and sparsely punctate and rather thickly clothed with yellowish suberect
hairs. Length 1.6 mm.
Marshall, Putnam and Marion counties; scarce. May 20-No-
vember 30. Taken by sifting decaying vegetable debris.
571 (——). EUcoNNUS SIMILIS sp. nov.
Shorter and more robust than ovccultus. Rather dark reddish-brown.
shining; antenne and legs paler. Head almost as wide as thorax, its sides
with dense, bristle-like hairs directed backward. Antenne short, stout,
slightly longer than head and thorax, the joints bead-like, eighth to tenth
rounded, less transverse than in ovccultus; eighth two-thirds the size of
ninth, which is equal to tenth; eleventh one-half longer. Thorax as long
as wide, sides nearly straight, disk sparsely pubescent and with a deep,
transverse impression at base; this, with a rather large fovea each side
near the hind angles. Elytra ovate, together one-half wider and twice as
long as thorax; humeral fold short, feeble; basal fovere small, shallow;
surface sparsely clothed with fine yellowish pubescence. Length 1.2 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 17.
572 (1841). Euconnus saLinaTor Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1852, 154.
Rather robust. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra with a dark reddish
tinge; antenne black, reddish-brown at base. Head nearly as long as wide;
occiput with a bristle-bearing puncture each side. Antenne with joints
3-7 equal, eighth one-half longer, ninth and tenth slightly longer and one-
half thicker than eighth. Thorax as long as wide, but slightly wider than
head; disk clothed with erect black hairs and with four fovew at base, the .
inner two the larger. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, two-thirds wider
than thorax; without humeral fold, but each with a deep fovea at middle
of base. Length 1.5 mm.
Lake and Posey counties; scarce. March 26-April 27.
573 (1842). Evconnus ratuus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VI, 1852.
155.
Rather stout, feebly inflated. Piceous-black, shining, finely and sparse-
ly pubescent ; legs and antenn dull brownish-yellow, the club darker. Head
rounded, not quite as long as wide; nearly as wide as thorax. Antenne
slender, slightly longer than head and thorax; club abrupt and parallel,
the ninth and tenth joints nearly twice as wide as eighth. Thorax not
quite as long as wide, sides rounded; disk with a transverse basal impres-
296 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMAENID.E.
sion marked with four small fover. Elytra nearly three-fourths wider than
thorax: the humeral folds rather long and strongly marked, each with a
deep fovea at base. Length 1 mm.
Kesviuske County: scaree. June 24. Sifted from moss in tam-
arack swamp.
E. debilig Casey. deep black. length .7 mm. was described from
Detroit.
II. Pycnopurs Casey. 1897. (Gr. ‘‘compact.’’)
Head large. truncate at base; neck strongly constricted; an-
tenne widely separated at base; third joint of maxillary palpi
long, the basal half forming a long and slender peduncle.
574 (1834). Pycnoputs Rasts Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VI, 1852.
153. '
Rather stout. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining. nearly glabrous.
Head wider than long, wider than apex of thorax. Antennie longer than
head and thorax, the joints of club gradually increasing in xize. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides parallel from base to middle, thence con-
verging to apex; disk somewhat flattened and with a small but deep fovea
near each hind angle. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, sides broadly and
evenly curved; humeral fold short and broad, basal fove.e small and deep.
Length 1.6-1.8 mm.
Lake, Starke. Marshall and Marion ecunties: scarce. May 20-
December 30. Occurs in nests of ants and beneath logs in sandy
places.
IIT. CovnopHron Casey. 1597.
A large genus of closely allied species having the thorax coni-
eal, without basal fover ; body rather stout and inflated; head mod-
erate in size, convex; eves placed in front of middle; maxillary
palpi with third joint elongate and obconic. the fcurth small, slen-
der and aciculate; femora. especially the front and middle ones.
usually strongly club-shaped. Casev has listed 82 species. of which
the following have been taken or may occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CONNOPHRON.
a. Basal joint of hind tarsi not or scarcely longer than second. the first
four joints being subequal; hind tibiw of male rarely with a spur at
apex.
b. Antennal club 4-jointed. often gradually formed.
e. Clypeus toothed at middle of apical margin. the teoth sometimes
minute; length more than 1 mm.
d, Elytral pubescence long. erect and generally fine.
e. Clypeal tooth large or moderate and distinct.
f. Species insre than 1.5 mm. in length.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 297
g. Elytra strongly impressed each side of suture near base.
h. Blytra long, rather acutely pointed behind, fully one-
half longer than wide; blackish-piceous in color; length
2 mm. LONGIPENNE.
hh. Elytra shorter, more obtuse at apex, Jess than one-half
longer than wide, dull red, clouded with blackish be-
hind; length 1.9 min. 575. FORMALE.
gg. Elytra feebly or not at all impressed on basal half; black,
tibiz paler, tarsi yellowish. 576. FLAVITARSE.
ff. Species less than 1.3 mm. in length; thorax shorter than
wide, with sides straight ; piceous black, the elytra paler.
DENTIGER.
ee. Clypeal tooth very minute.
i, Suture not at all elevated or beaded toward base, the sub-
sutural impressions obsolete; black, elytra red, blackish
toward tips. 517. FOSSIGER.
ii. Suture more or less beaded toward base. the impressions
long and distinct; hvudy black throughout. FEMORALE.
dd, Elytral pubescence coarse, shorter and recurved.
j. Antenne stout, not longer than head and thorax, strongly cla-
vate, the next to last joints very transverse.
k. Larger, 1.4-1.6 mm.; basal fovewe of elytra strong, the outer
large. 57S. CLAVICORNE.
Ai. Smaller, not over 1.2 mm.; basal fovese small and feeble; an-
tennal club more nearly 3-jointed. 579. ABDUCENS.
jj. Antenne rather slender, much longer than head and therax,
the next to last joints fully »s long as wide; Indy narrowly
oval, pale dull yellow throughout. FURTIVUM.
ce, Clypeus without trace of median tooth.
i. Thorax without distinct transverse impression at base; elytral
suture beaded toward base, the pubescence long, even and sub-
erect ; color black. 580. INTEGRUM.
il. Thorax with a distinct interrupted impression near base.
m. Body more inflated; elytra always distinctly more than one-
half wider than thorax, the suture with a broad bead which
is broadly expanded at base; blackish-piceous, elytra dark
reddish-yellow. INNOCUUM.
mm. Body narrow and elongate, hut convex; elytra almost one-half
wider than thorax, the latter with transverse impression
strong; head large, nearly as wide as thorax.
ASI. CLAVATUM.
bb. Antennal club 3-jointed, abrupt; length not over 1 mm.
nu, Clypeal tooth well developed, narrow and acute; antenne stouter ;
color dull brownish-yellow. 5S2. DEBILITANS.
nn. Clypeal tooth very minute, short and obtuse; antennal funicle
much more slender; hind body narrowly oval; pale chestnut
brown. 583. FULVUM.
ad. Basal joint of hind tarsi elongate, always distinctly longer than sec-
ond, joints one to four decreasing rapidly in length: hind tibis of
male with a slender terminal spur.
298 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMANIDSE.
o. Larger, 1.8 or more in length.
p. Color piceous or paler, the elytra generally reddish or dull yellow.
q. Length 1.6 mm.; elytra with subhumeral impressions large, deep
and conspicuous; dark reddish-brown ; elytra paler red.
584. CAPILLOSTLUM.
qq. Smaller, 1.3 mm.; thorax small, not much over one-half as wide
as elytra, strongly impressed near base: color piceous.
POLITUM.
pp. Black throughout. elytra with at most a faint piceous tinge; legs
pale dull yellow, thorax more than half as wide as elytra.
NIGRUM.
oo. Smaller, not over .9 of one mmm. in length; basal joint of hind tarsi
not as long as the next two combined; color piceous black, the ely-
tra pale reddish-brown. PUMILUM.
C. longipenne and (. dentiger were both described by Casey
from Iowa.
75 (——). CoNNOPHRON FORMALE Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., VIT, 1897.
402.
Elongate-oval. rather stout. Piceous-black; elytra dark red. blackish
behind, thickly clothed with long bristling hairs; abdomen pale at apex;
legs and antennz dark reddish-brown. Head slightly wider than long, clyp-
eal tooth distinct, triangular. Antenne one-half as long as body, club grad-
ually formed, the ninth joint but slightly longer than wide. Thorax as
wide at base as long, sides feebly curved, base one-fourth wider than head.
Elytra twice as long and nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold and
subhumeral impression well developed, basal fover feeble;.subsutural im-
pressions distinct. Length 1.9 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-October 21. Oc-
curs beneath bark and rubbish. Resembles fossiger but longer and
with the joints of antennal club more gradually thickened.
ATG (1826). CoNNOPHRON FLAVITARSE Lec.. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1852, 152.
Elongate-oval, rather stout. Black, shining; elytra dull red except near
tips and thickly clothed with long fine hairs; legs reddish-piceous, tarsi pale
yellow. Head much wider than long, the clypeal tooth broadly triangular.
Antenne less than half as long as body. the joints of club gradually increas-
ing in thickness. Thorax conical. not longer than wide, the base one-fourth
wider than head. Elytra one-half longer than wide, humeral fold strong, of
moderate length, suture finely elevated toward base, the basal fovea dis-
tinct. Length 1.8 mm.
Marion and Posey counties: scaree. April 21—November 28.
*5TT (1827). CONNOPHRON FOSSIGER Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI.
1852, 152.
Rather stout. fusiform. Black; elytra reddish, blackish toward tips,
thickly clothed with long pale hairs: legs and antennz reddish-brown, the
femora blackish. Head wider than long, clypeal tooth small, triangular.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 299
Antenne half the length of body, the club abrupt, its joints increasing
feebly in thickness, eighth a little longer than wide, as long as tenth but
narrower. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the base nearly twice as wide
as apex, and one-third wider than head. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
three-fourths wider than thorax, each with two small fover at base; sides
evenly curved, humeral fold and subhumeral impression strong. Length
1.6 mm.
Starke, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. January 6-June 27.
Occurs beneath chips and rubbish, especially in low, sandy, open
woods.
C. femorale Casey, 1.5 mm. in length was described from Iowa
and Michigan.
578 (——). COoNNOPHRON CLAVICORNE Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII,
1897, 417.
Rather stout, suboval. Uniform pale chestnut brown, polished; pubes-
cence abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous, that on elytra rather short
and suberect. Head semicircular behind the eyes; clypeal tooth elongate
and slender. Antenne stout, shorter than head and thorax, the club large
and as long as the other joints together. Thorax conical, slightly wider
than long, sides nearly straight, apex more than half as wide as base. Ely-
tra oval, widest near middle; four-fifths wider than thorax; humeral fold
short but distinct; outer fover strong, subsutural impression faint. Length
1.4-1.6 mm.
Wayne County; scarce. May 26. Occurs in nests of ants and
beneath logs.
579 (——). CONNOPHRON ABDUCENS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,
418.
Narrowly suboval. Uniform pale reddish-brown; legs and antennie
paler; pubescence of elytra coarse, stiff and recurved. Head rather small,
rounded behind the eyes; clypeal tooth rounded at tip. Antenne short
and stout, club almost three-jointed, the eighth joint only one-third thicker
than seventh; ninth and tenth abruptly much wider and strongly trans-
verse. Thorax small, strongly conic; slightly wider than long; apex one-
half as wide as base. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, three-fourths
wider than thorax; humeral fold and usual impression almost obsolete;
basal fovese small, subequal. Length 1.2 mm.
Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
C. furtivum, length 1.4 mm., and C. innocuwm, length 1 mm.,
were both described by Casey from Illinois, the former from the
northern, the latter from the central portion of the State.
5SO (——-). CONNOPHRON INTEGRUM Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,
425,
Short, rather stout. Black, shining; elytra often with a feebie piceous
tinge, thickly clothed with rather long, suberect pale hairs; legs and an-
tenn dark reddish-brown. Head wider than long, circularly rounded. An-
300 FAMILY IX.—SCYDM-ENIDZE.
tenne. long. slender. more than one-half the length of hady. the club slender
and gradually formed; eighth joint only one-third wider than seventh; ninth
and tenth one-fifth wider than eighth. Thorax scarcely as long as wide,
sides distinctly curved, apex three-fifths us wide as base. Elytra three-
fourths wider than thorax. humeral fold long and strong, subhumeral im-
pressions large and deep, basal fovezw large. Length 1.2 mm.
Lake, Starke. Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent.
April 17-June 17. ‘Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. The
front femora are very much enlarged.
S81 (1836). CoNNopHRON CLAVATUM Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VIL
1852, 153.
Elongate. narrow. Dark reddish-yrellow ; head and thorax darker than
elytra, the latter rather thickly clothed with short. pale, recurved hairs;
antennze and legs paler. Head large, as wide as thorax. Antenne as long
as head and thorax. slender, the club somewhat abrupt. the eighth joint
one-half wider than seventh, ninth and tenth subequal and one-fourth wider
than eighth. Thorax as ling as wide, sides curved, converging in front,
apex three-fourths as wide as base; disk with deep. transverse sub-basal
impression. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, sides broadly curved, hu-
meral fold small, the inner basal fovea only distinct. Length 1.2 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 24. One specimen in Dury col-
lection.
582 (———). CONNOPHRON DEBILITANS Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. VII.
1897. 446.
Rather narrowly oval. Pale chestnut brown, shining: elytra more red-
dish, dusky toward tips, rather thickly clothed with short. coarse. pale
hairs; legs pale yellow. Antenne stout. as long as head and thorax. ¢lnb
abruptly 38-jointed. Thorax as long as wide. sides nearly straight. apex
three-fifths as wide as base. Elytra three-fourths wider than thorax. hu-
meral fold short and feeble; inner fovea distinct, outer one obsolete. Length
1 mm.
Kosciusko, Putnam and Monroe counties; scarce. April 22-
June 20, Taken by sifting.
S38 (1845). CoNNopHRON FULVUM Lee., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VI.
1852. 155.
Narrowly suboyal. Vale chestnut brown, shining; legs and antenne
paler; elytra with numerous short, recurved pale hairs. Antenne as ‘ong
as head and thorax, club abrupt and 3-jointed. ninth and tenth joints equal
and globular, eleventh one-half longer. ‘Thorax as long as wide, sides
feebly curved; base one-third wider than head. Elytra oval. one-half wider
than thorax, humeral fold very small, basal foves obsolete. Length .S-.9 mm.
Marion County: rare. December 1. Taken from nest of ants
in low, open woods.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 301
584 (1827). ConNorHRoN caPILLosulUM Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VI, 1852, 152.
Rather stout and inflated. Dark reddish-brown; elytra paler and brighter
red, thickly clothed with long, erect, pale hairs; legs paler. Antenne dull
yellow, long and slender, the club rather abrupt. Thorax slightly wider
than long, sides feebly curved, disk with a distinct sub-basal impression,
interrupted at middle. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold
long and strong, subhumeral impression large and conspicuous, inner fovea
distinct. Length 1.6 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 17—April 22.
C. politum Say has been taken in northern Illinois; C. nigrum
Casey was described from Michigan and C. pumilum Casey from
New York, Canada and Iowa.
In addition to those described, there are in the collection at hand
about eight species of Connophron which I have not been able to
identify with Casey’s key. Since his collection of types is inac-
cessible for reference, they are for the present left unnamed.
Tribe II. SCYDMAININI.
As at present restricted this tribe is represented in the United
States by only two genera, one of which occurs in Indiana.
IV Scypmanus Latr. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘sad+colored.’’)
The members of this genus are distinguished from those of the
preceding tribe by the smaller thorax, which is more dilated in
front, narrowed toward base, the sides sinuate behind the middle;
more elliptical and convex elytra; wider neck; antenne enlarged
toward apex but never with distinct club; scutellum usually dis-
tinct; legs long and well developed, the femora, especially the front
ones, distinctly clavate. But one species has been taken in the
State, though two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCYDMAZNUS.
a. Head not impressed; thorax with four sub-basal fovese; scutellum dis-
tinct.
b. Elytra feebly infiated and strongly but gradually narrowed behind;
body black. PERFORATUS.
bb. Elytra strongly inflated, less narrowed behind; piceous, the elytra
paler. 585. BADIUS.
aa. Head with two impressions on vertex; thorax with six sub-basal fovez;
scutellum very minute; length less than 1 mm. CORPUSCULUM.
8. perforatus Schaumm, length 1-1.2 mm., ranges from Massa-
chusetts to Iowa.
302 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMNIDZ.
585 (——). ScrpMaNvUs BapIUS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,
A475.
Oval, rather strongly inflated. Piceous, shining; elytra reddish-brown,
sparsely clothed with rather long, yellowish recurved hairs; antenne and
legs pale reddish-brown. Head much wider than long; eyes prominent. An-
tenn a little less than half the length of body, the joints somewhat bead-
like, the outer ones gradually enlarged. Thorax as long as wide, one-fourth
wider than head, dilated and narrowly rounded at apical third, the sides
thence converging and broadly sinuate to base, the fovez small but distinct.
Elytra four-fifths wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely but dis-
tinctly punctate; inner basal fovea large. Length 1.1-1.3 mm.
Wayne County; scarce. May 26.
S. corpusculum Casey is known from Canada and Pennsylvania.
Tribe III. OPRESINI.
Very minute species, chiefly distinguished by the long proster-
num in front of the coxe. To the tribe Casey has ascribed three
genera. Of these Opresus, having the eyes median, thorax im-
pressed at base and scutellum invisible, is represented by three
known species, each less than .7 of one mm. in length, which occur
from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Delius, differing in having the
seutellum distinet and the elytral suture elevated, is also repre-
sented by a single species of the same size in Pennsylvania; while
Neladius, having the eyes in front of middle, thorax not impressed
at base and scutellum distinct, is also known by one species from
Pennsylvania.
Tribe IV. CEPHENIINI.
Represented by the single genus:
V. CEPHENNIUM Muller. 1822. (Gr., ‘‘red or purple color.’’)
Small convex species having the head triangular and strongly
deflexed, but slightly visible from above; antenne widely sepa-
rated, their clubs 3-jointed, the joints increasing rapidly in thick-
ness; thorax with a feeble fovea near each hind angle; scutellum
distinct.
586 (1855). CEPHENNIUM coRPoRosUM Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 150.
Oblong-oval, rather robust, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing, sparsely clothed with rather short, yellowish recurved hairs; antenne
and legs paler, the former one-half the length of body. Thorax nearly twice
as wide as long, sides broadly curved; disk convex, with a broad shallow
fovea near each hind angle. LElytra together not longer than wide. not
wider than thorax, finely and very sparsely punctate; each with a narrow,
deep impressed line on basal third just within the humerus and a deep basal
fovea near suture. Length 1 mm.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES, 303
Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 17-April 22.
Sifted from damp vegetable debris.
Tribe V. EUTHEIINI.
This tribe, as characterized in the key, is represented by three
genera. No species of the tribe has as yet been noted in Indiana,
though all of the genera may occur.
KEY TO GENERA OF EUTHEIINI.
a. Hind cox widely separated; length 1-1.5 mm.
6. Mesosternum broad and flat; antennz only moderately enlarged at
tips. EUTHEIA.
bb. Mesosternum strongly carinate; last antennal joint much enlarged.
VERAPHIS.
aa. Hind coxse very moderately separated; length less than .7 mm. :
EXUTHIODES.
Veraphis cristata Brend., black, shining, head with a short
carina, length 1.2 mm., was described from Pennsylvania. Ewthi-
odes latus Brend., brownish-yellow, length .7 mm., is known from
Towa.
Tribe VI. EUMICRINI.
This tribe, as defined in the key, is composed of three genera,
two of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUMICRINI.
a. First joint of hind tarsi only moderately elongate; scutellum visible
but minute; body stouter. VI. Eumicrus.
aa. First joint of hind tarsi fully as long as the next two combined; scu-
tellum wholly wanting; body smaller and more slender.
VII. ACHOLEROPS.
VI. Evumicrus Lap. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘good +small.’’)
Stout convex species having the head large and thick; eyes lo-
eated in front of middle; neck strongly constricted ; antenne rather
long, funicle capable of being reflexed into the excavated apex of
basal joint, club 3-jointed; thorax usually with two small fovee
each side near base; femora strongly and abruptly clavate. One
species has been taken, while three others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUMICRUS.
a. Front broad and feebly prominent between the antenn; elytra distinct-
ly impressed at base, their pubescence rather dense, moderately long
and recurved.
b. Larger, 2.5 mm.; elytra broadly oval, two-fifths longer than wide;
thorax densely punctured toward base. GROSSUS.
[2023402]
304 FAMILY IX.—SCYDMENIDA.
bb. Smaller, not over 1.7 mm.; femora abruptly clavate; thorax not
longer than wide and subglobular; body stout; antenne with a
strong and gradually formed club. 587. MOTSCHULSEIL.
aa. Front strongly prolonged between the antenne; elytra not at all im-
pressed at base, their pubescence long, sparse, erect and bristling.
ec. Hind femora not dentate on outer side; thorax not quite as long as
wide; color pale brownish-yellow. OCHREATUS.
ce. Hind femora dentate on outer side near the trochanters; color pale
reddish-brown. CRURALIS.
E. grossus Lec.. dark chestnut brown. is a southern species which
has been taken near Cincinnati.
DST (1850). Etarcrts .oTscHULSKH Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., 1, 1863, 26.
Rather stout; suboval, strongly convex. Dark chest-
nut brown, rather thickly clothed with recurved yel-
wy” lowish hairs; legs slightly paler. Antennz three-fifths
us long as bedy, ninth joint as long and twice as wide
as the two preceding united; tenth still wider; eleventh
as long as ninth and tenth together. Thorax ovate, con-
vex, widest and rounded in front of middle; disk with-
out punctures. but with two distinct foveze each side near
base. Elytra short. broad, very convex, not quite twice
as long as and about three-fifths wider than thorax;
sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 1.7 mm. (Fig.
Fig. 145. x 16. =
(Origieal ) 145.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April 10-October 31. Forty
or more specimens were sifted from decaying woody fungi on a
maple log near Broad Ripple on the latter date.
E. ochreatus, and E. cruralis, each 2 mm. in length, were both
described by Casey from Central Illinois.
VIL AcHoLERops Casey. 187.
Narrow-bodied species having the sub-basal fovexw of thorax very
faint; scutellum wholly wanting. One of the two recognized spe-
cies oceurs in the State.
DSS (1854). ACHOLEROPS ZIMMERMANNI Schaum., Analecta Entom., 1841, 26.
Narrowly suboval, strongly convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing. Head wider than long; eyes placed in front of middle. Antenne one
half as long as body. club gradually and feebly thickened, ninth joint ob-
conic. as long and two-thirds as thick as the two preceding united, tenth
slightly wider, eleventh still thicker but not as long as ninth and tenth
together. Thorax longer than wide, widest and more rounded at apical
third, the sides thence oblique and straight to base; disk rather coarsely,
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 305
closely and rugosely punctured near base. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
two-thirds wider than thorax, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, and
sparsely clothed with short, stiff recurved hairs. Length 1.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. October 16. Taken from nest of red
ants beneath decaying log.
Family X. PSELAPHIDZS.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES.
Very small chestnut-brown, dull yellow or piceous species, not
exceeding 3.5 mm. in length, having the body usually slightly pu-
bescent, head and thorax mostly narrower than elytra and abdo-
men; elytra short, truncate; abdomen convex, obtuse at tip and
with half its length exposed above. They live for the most part
beneath bark and stones, where they feed upon Acarina and other
minute animal forms. Others excrete from small tufts of hairs a
substance of which ants are very fond, and they are therefore toler-
ated in numbers in the nests of these insects. They are even said
to be fed by the ants and to ride about on the backs of their hosts
when so inclined.
The name of the family is from that of the typical genus, Pse
laphus, meaning ‘‘I feel my way,’’ in allusion to the greatly de-
veloped palpi or ‘‘feelers,’’ the maxillary palpi being usually 4-
jointed, greatly developed and of a variety of remarkable forms.
In addition to the characters mentioned the Pselaphidwe have
the mandibles usually broad and short, with the tips curved and
acute; antenne usually clavate, rarely bead-like, the number of
joints variable, but usually eleven; eves with coarse facets, some-
times wanting; prosternum almost obsolete between the front coxe,
which are conical, prominent, contiguous, the cavities open behind;
middle coxse rounded, contiguous; hind ones narrow, transverse.
usually separated; metasternum very broad, its sidepieces simple;
legs long, femora often club-shaped; tibie slender and without
spurs; tarsi usually 3- (rarely 2-) jointed; claws simple.
Nearly 2,500 species of Pselaphida are known, about 275 of
which are from North America. The more important papers treat-
ing of these are as follows:
LeConte— ‘On the Pselaphide of the United States,’’ in Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 64-110.
Brendel, E.— ‘Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Fam-
ily Pselaphide,’’ in Proce. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, 1866, 31-38.
306 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHIDE.
Brendel and Wickham.—‘The Pselaphide of North America,
in Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, I, 1890, 216-304; IT,
1891, 1-84, pls. VI-XII.
Casey.—‘‘ Coleopterological Notices, V and VII,’’ in Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Nat. Sei., VII, 1893, 433-509; TX, 1897, 550-630.
Casey —‘‘Remarks on Some New Pselaphide,’’ 7m Can. Ent.,
XL, 1908, 257-281.
The family is divided into two subfamilies, and these in turn
into tribes and genera.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PSELAPHIDA.
a. Antenne 2-jointed (Fig. 4, No. 10, and Fig. 146, b); front coxe con-
tiguous, hind ones distant. Subfamily I. CLAVIGERIN2E, p. 306.
aa. Antenne 11-jointed (Fig. 146, a), rarely 10-jointed.
Subfamily II. PsrLapoms, p. 308.
Subfamily I. CLAVIGERINAE.
The members of this subfamily have the head narrow; palpi
rudimentary, of but one joint; three basal dorsal segments of abdo-
men firmly united and deeply excavated, forming a cavity on the
sides of which are tufts of hairs; first and second tarsal joints very
short; third long, with a single claw. The species live solitary in
ants’ nests and the construction and smallness of the mouth is such
that their nourishment is supposed to be Liquid in form. The ants
earess the tufts of hairs on the abdomen of the beetle with their an-
tenn, causing the exudation of a fluid, which they greedily swal-
low. Two genera comprise the subfamily, both of which are repre-
sented in the State.
KEY TO GENERA OF CLAVIGERIN.®.
a. Eyes wanting. I. ADRANES.
aa. Eyes present. II. FUSTIGER.
I. Apvranes Lee. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘imbecile.’’)
Of this genus only two species are known. One of these has
been taken in the State, while the other probably occurs.
KEY TO SPECIES OF ADRANES.
a. Thorax, when viewed from above, conical; head cylindrical; length
e 1.8 mm. cacus.
ad. Thorax bell-shaped; head obconical; length 2.5 mm. 589. LECONTEL.
A. cecus Lee., orange-yellow, elytra with regular rows of short
recumbent, stiff hairs, is known from Pennsylvania, Georgia and II-
linois.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 307
589 (1863). ADRANES LECONTEI Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, 1865, 255.
Brownish-yellow ; pubescence fine, in regular rows. Head twice as long
as broad; vertex with two shallow longitudinal impressions. Last antennal
joint as long as head, slightly curved, squarely truncate, narrower at its
outer end. (Fig. 4, No. 10.) Thorax bell-shaped, slightly longer than head,
base twice as wide as neck; disk with an obtuse tubercle behind the middle
and a shallow fovea each side near base. Elytra triangular, at base scarce-
ly wider than thorax, thence rapidly widening to the truncate apex. Ab-
domen much wider than elytra, the first dorsal segment very large, broadly
and deeply concave, its margin curved and convolute near base. Length
25mm. (Fig. 146, 0.)
Posey County; rare. August 3. Taken from nest of the ant,
Lasius niger americanus Emery.
II. Fusticer Lee. 1866.
Eyes present but very small, having only eight facets each; an-
tenn with the basal joint small, quadrate; second joint as long as
head, gradually broader to apex, which is three times as wide as
base.
Fig. 146. a, Chenniuin monilicorne; b, Adranes lecontei; c, Fustiger fuchsii; d, Tyrus humeralis. All
~ highly magnified. (After Brendel.)
590 (1864). FusticEr rucusim Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, 1866, 190.
Dark brownish-yellow, translucent. Head flattened above and, like the
thorax, marked with a network of large shallow impressions. Thorax sub-
globular, equal to the head in length, sides rounded, base and apex trun-
eate. Elytra at base as wide as thorax, thence gradually widening to apex,
disk sparsely and very finely pubescent and behind the middle sloping down-
ward to the deep transverse abdominal fovea. Abdomen convex, broader
than elytra, the basal segment very large, longer than wide. Length 1.7 mm.
(Fig. 146, c.)
Crawford County; scarce. May 17-August 15. Taken from
ants’ nests beneath stones on slopes of high hills near Wyandotte
Cave.
308 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHID.E.
Subfamily JI. PSELAPHINAE.
In this subfamily the abdominal segments are all separate and
the antenne have 11 (19 in certain species of Bryaris) joints.
Three tribes comprise the subfamily, all of, which are represented
in the State.
KEY TO TRIBES OF PSELAPHIN/.
a. Antennze approximate at base, inserted beneath prominent horizontal
contiguous tubercles. Tribe I. PsELAPHINI, p. 308.
aa. Antenne distant, inserted on the sides of the head beneath short, de-
flexed tubercles.
b. Hind coxze widely separated, trausverse, not prominent.
Tribe II. BRACHYGLUTINI. p. 315.
bb. Hind coxee approximate or contiguous, conical and prominent.
Tribe III. WUPLectINi, p. 328.
Tribe I. PSELAPHINI.
Our species of this tribe are always narrowed in front, much
broader behind and have the abdomen strongly margined and the
hind coxw widely separated. The following genera are probably
represented in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PSELAPHINT.
a. Tarsi with two equal claws.
b&b. Antenne moniliform or head-like, without a distinet club.
ec. Maxillary palpi very small, the basal joints hidden, the last two
united to form a globular cluh. CHENNIUM.
ec. Maxillary palpi with the last two joints very transverse, fusiform
and compressed. III. CEoPHyLuus.
bb, Autennee clavate, the last joint usually gradually larger.
d. Last three joints of maxillary palpi bearing bristle-like appendages
on the sides.
e. Appendages of last three joints of maxillary palpi short, the
joints triangular; abdomen carinate. IV. TMESIPHORUS.
ee. Appendages very long, the last three joints oval-transverse.
V. PILOPIUS.
dd. Maxillary palpi without appendayes on the sides.
f. Last two joints of maxillary palpi lunate, or half-moon shaped,
the terminal one lenger. VI. CeEpivs.
ff. Last two joints noi lunate.
g. Last three joints of antennie furming a club; last joint of max-
illary palpi clongate and with a terminal bristle.
WIL. TYRES.
gg. Last joint of antennie very large, rounded; last joint of palpi
eylindrical, rounded at tip. VITI. Hamotvs.
Ti ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 309
aa. Tarsi with a single claw; maxillary palpi very long.
h. Last joint of maxillary palpi club-shaped, very long, third small,
globular. PSELAPHUS.
hh. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, hatchet-shaped, third triangular.
IX. TycHus.
Chennium monilicorne Lec., reddish-brown, thorax as long as
wide, pubescence short, dense, appressed, length 2.8 mm., has been
taken near Cincinnati and probably occurs in the hilly regions of
southern Indiana. (Fig. 146, a.)
III. Cropyytuus Lee. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘T hide+a leaf.’’)
Antennal tubercles wider than long, contiguous; pubescence
short, fine, appressed; front femora each with three strong spines
near the base. One species is known.
+
Fig. 147. u, Ceophyll ilis; b, T'mesiphorus costalis; c, Hamotus tatrisioides. All highly magnified.
(After Brendel and Wickham. )
*591 (1866). CEOPHYLLUS MONILIS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 73.
Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown, not punctate. Head as long and three-
fourths as wide as thorax. Antenne stout, half the length of body, male
with second joint two-thirds the length of first, third and fourth equal,
wider than second; fifth to tenth globose, the eighth largest ; eleventh wider
and bluntly pointed; female with joints subequal and slightly increasing in
size toward tips. Thorax bell-shaped, as long as wide, sides evenly curved ;
disk with a fine impressed line at base and a fovea each side. Hlytra one-
half wider at base than thorax, front half of disk flat with a feebly im-
pressed groove. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra. Length 3.38 mm.
(Fig. 147, a.) ;
Vigo, Franklin, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. Febru-
ary 28-September 10. Occurs beneath bark of rotten stumps.
310 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHID.
IV. TmestpHorus Lee. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘a fissure + to carry.’’)
Antenne clavate; frontal tubercles longer than wide; fourth
joint of maxillary palpi triangular and emarginate; head and tho-
rax with a network of large rounded punctures. Two species are
known.
592 (1869). TMEsreHoRUS COSTALIS Lec.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 77.
Elongate-oval. Piceous, shining, clothed with short, fine, appressed yel-
lowish hairs. Head two-thirds as long as broad; frontal fissure deep.
branching behind the frontal tubercles towards the fovea on vertex; eyes
prominent. Antenne of male more than half the length of body. second
joint cylindrical. one-third as long and two-thirds as wide as first; third to
seventh globular, eighth to tenth gradually larger, obconical, eleventh as
long as ninth and tenth together, notched on one side near base; female an-
tenn shorter, less robust and without notch on last joint. Thorax bell-
shaped, with an obtuse tubercle each side near middle, disk with two fovese
on apical third and a larger one each side near base. Elytra each with a
broad. flat-bottomed groove on basal half. convex behind; humeri high,
Fig. 148. a, Cedius spinosus; b, Cedius ziegleri; c. Tmesiphorus carinatus; d, Pilopius lacustris. All highly
magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)
prominent. Abdomen broadly margined, first and second dorsal segments
carinate on the sides. Length 3.3 mm. (Fig. 147, 0.)
Throughout the State; common. March 31-December 29. Oc-
curs beneath stones and bark and in ants’ nests. Gregarious in
winter beneath half-buried logs in upland woods.
593 (1870). TMESIPHORUS CARINATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IV.
1824, 97; ibid. II, 235.
Pale reddish-brown, densely punctate ; pubescence short, appressed. Ver-
tex with median frontal groove broader and not connected by branches with
the fovea. Front fovea of thorax wanting. Abdomen with a median carina,
as well as one each side on the second and third dorsal segments. Other-
wise as in costalis. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 148. ¢.)
Crawford County; rare. August 13.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 311
V. Pritoprus Casey. 1897.
Antenne approximate at base, clavate; joints 2-4 of maxillary
palpi with long bristle-like appendages, the second joint bent and
clavate, the third transversely lunate; abdomen with second and
third ventrals not much longer than fourth; first four visible
dorsals equal in length; front femora with stiff, erect bristles, but
without spines. Two species are known from the State and another
probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PILOPIUS.
a. Pubescence rather sparse; last joint of antennse as long as the three
preceding combined.
b. Tenth antennal joint not at all longer than wide, the sixth joint as
long as fifth; body stout; elytra nearly as long as wide.
594. LACUSTRIS.
bb. Tenth antennal joint distinctly longer than wide.
ec. Body stout, generally dark in color; abdomen always black or
blackish; thorax feebly transverse, never more than one-half as
wide as elytra; fifth antennal joint slightly longer than fourth.
IOWENSIS.
ce. Body narrower, pale in color throughout, the abdomen never black-
ish; elytra nearly as long as wide, rather longer than head and
thorax combined. 595. ZIMMERMANNI.
aa. Pubescence dense, shorter and more scale-like; last antennal joint much
shorter than the three preceding combined; elytra as long as head
and thorax. CONSOBRINUS.
*594 (——-). PILopius LacustTRIs Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., EX, 1897,
619.
Rather stout, subeconvex. Dark reddish-brown; elytra, antennz and
legs paler. Head as wide as long; occiput with two large fover between
the eyes. Antenne of male three-fourths the length of body, joints cylin-
drical, nearly equal; of female, shorter with joints 7-10 short, transverse,
last joint shorter, oblong-oval. Thorax wider than long, disk with an ob-
long median fovea at base, reaching almost to middle, and a smaller one
each side. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, thence gradually
widening to apex, each with a fine, entire sutural and median stria. Ab-
domen convex, margin broad, tip rounded. Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 148. d.)
Southern half of State; common. April 5—-December 23. Oc-
curs beneath logs and bark; gregarious in winter. A number were
once swept from stems of blue-grass in May. Usually known as
piceus Lec., from which it is distinguished by its more elongate
and paler elytra and sherter tenth antennal joint.
P. iowensis Casey, length 1.7 mm., was described from Iowa.
595 (1873). PILoprus ziIMMERMANNI Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 79.
Pale brownish-yellow, sparsely pubescent. Head with frontal groove
not reaching the oblong frontal fovee; occiput elevated, its fovec larger,
312 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHID..
farther apart and near the eye. Thorax as long as wide. narrower in front
than in lacustris, the median fovew nearly circular, the ones on sides small.
Elytra more convex, the lines or striz less deep. Length 1.7 mm.
Jackson and Crawford counties; scarce. August 15-October 14.
P. consabrinus Lec., pubescence very dense, giving a very rough
appearance, is said to occur ‘‘east of the Mississippi River,’’ but
has not vet been taken in the State.
VI. Ceprus Lee. 1849. (Gr.. ‘‘careful.’’)
Antennal tubercles wider than long. contiguous; last two joints
of maxillary palpi unequal, the fourth oblong, thicker; front fe-
mora each with three strong spines on basal half. Two of the three
species are known from the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEDIUS.
a. Larger and more robust, 2.5-2.7 mm.; head transversely excavated be-
tween the antennal cavities. 6. ZIEGLERI.
aa. Smaller and more narrow, not over 2 mm.; head not excavated at apex.
597. SPINOSUS.
596 (1867). CrEpivs ziecLert Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI. 1849, 74.
Fuscous-brown. clothed with short dense appressed hairs. Head as
long as wide; disk between the prominent eyes convex. punctured and witb
two circular fover: sides with a spine hehind each eye. Antenne nearly
half the length of body; joints 2-4 equal, as long as wide. fifth smaller, sub-
globular; sixth and seventh equal. globular, eight shorter. transverse and in
male with its inner side prolonged as a flat tooth; 9-10 wider. eleventh much
larger. Thorax convex. as long as wide; disk sparsely and rather finely
punctate. with two small fovee near apex and a larger one each side near
base, the latter two connected by a curved line. Elytra one-third wider
than long. sparsely and rather coarsely punctate: each with a wide shallow
groove on basal third. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, broadly
margined, the first dorsal with a carina each side. Length 2.7 mm. (Fig.
148, B.)
Putnam and Crawford counties; svaree. March 28-May 28.
Taken from nests of ants (Formica rufa integra.)
597 (1868). Cepius sprnosus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849. 75.
Resembles siegicri in form and color but smaller and Jess densely pu-
bescent. Head broader than long. Antenne similar, with the outer joints
less enlarged. Thorax very finely and sparsely punctate. without fovexe on
front half, the basal fovere smaller and connected by a fine impressed line.
Elytra as in sicgleri. but more finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen con-
vex, the first segment with carine. Length 1.8-2 mm. (Fig. 148. a.)
Marshall and Fulton counties; rare. April 31-May 3.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 313
VII. Tyrus Aubé. 1833. (Without meaning.)
Antenne clavate; palpi with first joint minute; second long,
curved; third short, obovate; last joint with a needle-like spine at
apex; third tarsal joint longer than second. Two species probably
occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYRUS.
a. Antenne rather elongate in both sexes, the next to last joint of funicle
not transverse; carinze of abdomen well developed.
d 598. HUMERALIS.
ad. Antenne shorter and stouter, the three outer joints of funicle trans-
verse in female; thorax a little wider than long; caring of abdomen
very short and inconspicuous. CONSIMILIS.
598 (1875). Tyrus HUMERALIS Aubé, Ann. Knt., II, 1836, 84.
Robust, compact. Piceous-black. clothed with fine, short appressed hairs;
elytra, antenne and legs reddish-brown. Head as long as broad, with two
small fovez between the eyes. Antenne of male with joints one and two
cylindrical; 3-7 rounded, gradually smaller; eighth and ninth larger, globu-
Jar; tenth obconical, twice as long and thick as ninth; eleventh largest,
ovate; female with joints 3-9 subequal, tenth larger. Thorax bell-shaped,
widest at middle; disk with a median rounded fovea and a fine, transverse
sulcus near base. Elytra with humeri prominent, disk very finely and
sparsely punctate; each with a deep impressed line and fovea on basal
half. Abdomen but little longer than elytra, margins very broad, the last
dorsal notehed at tip in male. Length 1.6 mm. (Fig. 146, d.)
Southern half of State; scarce. April 16-June 18. Taken by
sifting and from beneath bark of stumps.
T. consimilis Casey, reddish-brown, elytra paler, length 1.8 mm.,
was described from Kentucky and Indiana. I have not seen a
specimen from the State.
VIII. Tamores Aubé. 1844. (Gr., “‘like +ear.’’)
Head not constricted behind the antennal tubercles; third joint
of maxillary palpi very small, subglobular; last joint long and ey-
lindrical; pubescence yellowish, loose, ccarse and long; elytra and
abdomen very convex; second and third tarsal joints equal. One
species is known.
599 (1876). Hamortus patrisrorpes Lec.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 27.
Elongate-oval, convex. Fuscous-brown, shining. Head as broad as
long, very convex; vertex with two small fover. Antenne nearly as long
as body; first and second joints cylindrical, thicker than third to fifth,
which are quadrate and gridually sinaller; sixth to tenth a little wider;
eleventh pear-shaped, subcompressed, half as long us the preceding joints
together, somewhat smaller in female. Thorax as wide as long, sides
314 FAMILY X.—-PSELAPHIDE.
evenly curved, disk faintly, irregularly and coarsely punctate, with a small
median triangular fovea near base and a smaller rounded one each side.
the three connected by a fine curved impressed line. Elytra one-fifth longer
than thorax, finely punctate, each with a short basal groove and fovea.
Length 18 mm. (Fig. 147, c.)
Monroe County; rare. May 18. Sifted from debris of beech
stump. Dury finds them at Cincinnati between April 2 and May 2,
‘in the decayed interior of a standing dead trec.”’
Pselaphus longiclavus Lee., blackish-brown, elytra blood-red,
length 1.8 mm., is known from Iowa to Louisiana. P. bellar Casey,
dark reddish-yellow, length 1.4 mm., was described from Michigan.
TX. Tycuus Leach. 1817. (No meaning.)
Antenne attached to the under side of the frontal tubercles,
which are large, close together. separated by a short canal; upper
Fig. 149. u, Tychus longipalpus, b, Bythinus tychoides; c, Decarthron brendei; d, Rybaxis brendeli.
Allhighly magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)
surface of head with a small puncture each side near the front part
of eye.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYCHUS.
a. Thorax with four small fovere at base and a larger one each side; ely-
tra depressed, the sutural lines parallel; third and fourth joints of
palpi equal. 600. LONGIPALPUS.
aa, Thorax with five basal fovem; elytra more convex, the sutural lines
curved; third palpal joint triangular, shorter than fourth.
601. MINOR.
600 (1878). TycHus LoneIpaLpus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, $2.
Pale reddish-brown, subdepressed, sparsely clothed with long, suberect
hairs. Head as long as wide. Antenne longer than head and thorax. first
joint twice as long as second, third to eighth subequal; ninth globular, twice
as wide as eighth; tenth larger; eleventh ovate, twice as long as tenth.
Thorax subglobular, slightly wider than long, widest at middle; basal fovea
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 315
very small, rounded. Elytra one-half longer than thorax, sutural lines
deep; discal ones fine, limited to basal half. Abdomen narrowly margined.
Length 2mm. (Fig. 149, a.)
Clark County; rare. May 5.
601 (1879). TrcHus minor Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 82.
Dark reddish-brown, shining, coarsely pubescent; antennze and legs
paler. Head as long as broad, convex, its foveze very minute. Antennze
slightly longer than head and thorax, first two joints nearly one-half wider
than three to seven, which are cylindrical; eighth globular; ninth and
tenth larger, wider than long; eleventh rounded-ovate, as long as the two
preceding. Thorax wider than long, polished, very convex; basal foveve
five, the middle one the largest. Elytra faintly reticulate, sutural lines
fine, discal ones deep, reaching beyond the middle. Length 1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. April 17—-October 31. Occurs
usually beneath stones on hillsides. One specimen, from Steuben
County, sifted from sphagnum moss, is much paler and is to be re-
ferred to var. testaceus Casey.
Tribe II. BRACHYGLUTINI.
The differences between this and the preceding tribe are given
in the key. The palpi are less developed and the last joint is oval
or fusiform. The following genera are probably represented in the
State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRACHYGLUTINI.
a. Antenne 10-jointed, with a three-jointed club; vertex with two fove;
thorax with sides rounded and with one fovea at base.
X. DECARTHRON.
aa. Antenne 11-jointed.
bd. Abdomen margined; tarsi with a single claw.
c. Body broad, transversely cylindrical in cross section; margin of
abdomen wide.
d. Abdominal margin narrowly retuse; two basal ventrals longer
than the others; dorsal segments unequal; last palpal joint
pruning-knife shaped. BYTHINUS.
dd. Abdominal margin broadly retuse; basal, dorsal and ventral seg-
ments much longer than others; elytra flat; last palpal joint
fusiform.
e. Vertex without fovese; elytra each with two basal fovew; ven-
tral segments four. NISAXIS.
ee. Vertex with fovee.
f. Antenne with a 3-jointed club; vertex and thorax each with
three fovere; elytra each with a long discal line.
g. Elytra each with two small basal fovese; thorax with three
nearly equal fovez.
316 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHID#.
h. Three basal fovere of thorax connected by a curved
groove; elytra each with a deep subhumeral groove.
XI. RyBaxis.
hh. Basal fovere cf thorax not connected by a groove; ely-
tra without a subhumeral groove.
i. Elytra with margins and sloping sides nearly parallel:
male with three of the dorsal segments sculptured.
BRACHYGLUTA.
ii. Elytra with sides diverging; male with not more than
two segments sculptured. XII. Bryaxis.
gg. Flytra each with three small basal fovere: thorax with a
large pubescent fovea each side of base and a small
round median one. XIII. REICHENBACHIA.
ff. Antenne very short. with only the last joint enlarged; ver-
tex with two fovew; body glabrous. EUPSENIUS.
cc. Body convex; margin of abdomen narrow; thorax with one fovea
at base. ANCHYLARTHRON.
bb. Abdomen not margined; tarsi with two unequal claws: thorax with
two or three longitudinal grooves: body elongate. more or less
cylindrical, narrow. XIV. BaATRISODEs.
X. DecartHrRoN Brend. 1865. (Gr.. ‘‘ten + joint.’’)
Head with disk of vertex longer than wide. the front fovea want-
ing: antenne 10-jointed. the joints. aside from those in club,
rounded; thorax subglobose and with a single funnel-shaped fovea
near the middle of the base: elytra broad. each with two basal
fover, the humeri prominent: abdomen short and wide. the basal
dorsal segment with two distant parallel carine. One species has
been taken in the State, while three others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DECARTHRON.
a. Form of body broad, robust.
b. Pubescence long, erect.
e. Color black; fovee of vertex large and connected with the de-
pressed front by faint converging grooves; length 1.4 mm.
ABNORME,
ee. Color dark red; fovere of vertex small, connected with the convex
front by straight parallel grooves: length 1.6 mm. EXSECTUM.
bb. Pubescence short; occipital foyer deep, well separated, not connected
with the concave front: length 1.4 mm. G02. BRENDELI.
aa, Form slender, elongate; thorax not punctate; color pale reddish-brown:
length 1.5 mm. LONGULUM.
G02 (93873). DECARTHRON BRENDELE Casey. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sei.. II, 1SS7.
464.
Piceous-brown; elytra dull red: antenne and legs paler brown. An-
tennie scarcely as long as head and thorax, eighth and ninth joints trans-
versely oval, tenth oue-half longer than wide and three times as thick as
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 317
eighth, ovate, truncate at base. Thorax finely punctulate, slightly wider
than long. Elytra one-half longer than thorax, discal lines parallel. Cari-
ne of first dorsal three-fourths the length of the segment, separated by one-
half its width. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 149. ¢.)
Lake and Putnam counties; scarce. March 26-May 25.
D. abnorme Lee., and D. exsectum Brend., both are recorded as
occurring in the ‘‘Northern States east of the Mississippi River,”’
while D. longulwm ig a southern form which may occur in the south-
ern counties.
Bythinus tuchoides Brend. (Fig. 149, b.), chocolate-brown, an-
tenne and legs dark vellow, length 1.2 mm., has been taken at Cin-
cinnati, while Nisaxis tomentosus Aubé, reddish-brown, pubescence
long and fine, body coarsely punctate, length 1.2 mm., is recorded
from southern Illinois.
XJ. Rypaxis Sauley. 1876.
In this genus the males have a strong tooth on the front tibie.
Two species have been taken in the State, while another may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF RYBAXIS.
a. Median fovea of base of thorax large, pubescent; antenne of male very
long, the club slender. 608. VALIDA.
aa. Median fovea small, not pubescent.
b. Carinze on basal dorsal segment of abdomen including but one-fourth
of the width of segment between them; antennal club loose, the
next to last joints not elongate or compressed. CONJUNCTA.
bb. Carinze on base of abdomen including one-third of width of segment;
antennal club dilated and compressed in male, densely clothed with
black hairs. 604. BRENDELI.
603 (1914). Rypaxrs vatipa Brend., Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, I, 1890,
278.
Dark piceous-brown; elytra and antenne red; legs paler. Vertex with
a deep impression; antennz nearly one-half the length of body, first joint
almost as long as third and fourth together; second shorter, oblong,
rounded; third to sixth narrower; seventh and eighth narrower and
shorter; ninth and tenth suddenly increasing in size, wider than long;
eleventh as long as the two preceding together. Thorax deeply impressed
each side near base. Length 2.2 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 16.
R. conjuncta Lee., black, elytra red or darker, length 1.8-2 mm.,
is said to occur ‘‘over the territory east of the Mississippi River.’’
604 (1916). RyBaxis BRENDELI Horn, Crotech’s Check List, 1873, 36.
Black, shining; elytra ranging to piceous-red; legs, palpi and club of
antenne reddish-brown. Head with two very large fovere between the eyes.
318 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHIDA.
Antennz with second joint small, oval; third and fourth smaller, obconical ;
joints 5-S larger, subglobular, equal; ninth to eleventh transverse, forming
in male a densely pubescent club, three times as thick as eighth joint and
as Icng as the five preceding together; in female the club is smaller, less
pubescent and the preceding joints equal and cylindrical. Thorax sub-
globular, the basal groove sharply defined. Elytra each with a discal
groove on basal two-thirds. Front trochanters with a slender spine. Length
18 mm. (Fig. 149, d.)
Lake, Steuben, and Starke counties; scarce. May 25-June 16.
Brachygluta abdominalis Aubé, red-brown, pubescence very fine,
length 2 mm., has been taken near Cincinnati.
NII. Bryaxis Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘to swarm.’’)
In this genus the thoracic fover are not connected by a groove.
The following probably occur within the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRYAXIS.
a. Median basal fovea of thorax smaller than those on sides; last three
joints of male antennz contorted.
b. Thorax as long as wide, convex; first dorsal of abdomen without
caring. PERPUNCTATA.
bb. Thorax wider than long. less convex; abdominal caring present, in-
cluding between them two-fifths of the width of segment.
605. CAVICORNIS.
aa. Thorax with three large. equal pubescent fovere; sexual marks on the
abdominal segments of male, the antenne not modified.
c. Fover of occiput open toward the eyes, or very near them; thorax
finely punctate; male with first dorsal segment acutely bilobed;
length 1.7 mm. 606. ITLINOTENSIS.
cc. Fover of occiput distant from the eyes; thorax not punctate:
black, legs, antenne and palpi dusky yellow; length 1.3 mm.
PERFORATA.
B. perpunctata Brend., brown. punctate. sparsely pubescent,
length 1.8 mm., is known from T[linois.
605 (1927). BryaxiIs cavicornis Brend.. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VII, 1866.
194.
Elongate-oval. Fuscous-brown, clothed with long. recumbent pubes-
cence; elytra and legs reddish-brown; antepne dark red. last four joints
fuscous. Head six-sided, fovere large. Antenne longer than head and
thorax. the last three joints in male each differing in form, ninth wedge-
shaped, tenth screw-shaped. eleventh kidney-shaped. Therax wider than
long, finely punctate, the basal fovew all visible from above. Elytra finely
and sparsely punctulate; discal lines straight. converging. Length 2 mm.
Putnam and Posey counties; rare. September 28—October 10,
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 319
606 (1922). BryAXxIs ILLINOIENSIS Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 1866,
195.
Rather broadly ovate. Piceous-black, shining; elytra dark red; an-
tenn reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Antennse less than one-half the
length of body; joints 2-8 small, rounded; ninth obconical, longer; tenth
twice as wide as eighth; -eleventh oblong-oval, twice as thick as ninth.
Thorax wider than long, the fovee very large. Elytra one-third longer
than thorax, sutural and discal lines distinct, parallel, the latter deep at
base and reaching apical fifth. First dorsal of male deeply concave, pro-
longed behind in two acute triangular lobes; second dorsal with a large
median fovea. Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 150, a.)
Throughout the State; common. March 20-June 24. On May
6 I took scores of this species beneath driftwood on the mud banks
of the Ohio River near Charleston, Clark County.
B. perforata Brend., is said in Brendel & Wickham’s key to oc-
cur in ‘‘Michigan, Illinois and Towa,’’ and in the deseription which
follows ‘‘in New York, Jersey and Long Island.’’
Fig. 150. u, Bryazis illinoiensis; b, Reichenbachia yracitis; c, Reichenbachia congener; d, Reichenvachia
propinqua (mule). All bighly magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)
XIII. Retcuensacui, Leach. 1826. (Name of a naturalist.)
A large genus cf small, broad-hodied species having the base of
thorax marked with a large fovea each side and a very small round
one on the median line; elytra each with three small basal fovez,
The following species are known from or perhaps occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF REICHENBACHIA.
uv. Caring of first dorsal segment of abdomen separated by less than one-
third the width of the segment; antenn not modified in the sexes.
b. Caring separated by a space not wider than that between the su-
tural lines of elytra.
e. Thorax punctured.
d. Punctures of thorax fine and sparse; carinz of first dorsal quite
short and divergent. 607. GEMMIFER,
‘dd. Punctures of thorax distinctly coarser and very dense; dorsal
earinie one-half the length of segment and less divergent.
608. CANADENSIS.
(2123402)
320 FAMILY X.—PSELAPUID.¥.
cc. Thorax without punctures: abdominal carinw rather long; elytra
punctured and subrugose. 609. RADIANS.
bb. Caring separated by a space wider than that between the sutural
lines. but less than one-fourth the width of segment.
e. Thorax distinctly punctate: pubescence short; carinee of first dor-
sal nearly one-half as long as the segment. divergent and sep-
arated at tip by one-fourth the width of segment. CRIBRICOLLIs.
ce. Thorax not punctate.
f. Pubescence short and strongly recurved; pale reddish-brown ;
median fovea of thorax very small. CONGENER.
ff. Pubesceuce long. bristling and semierect; elytra shorter than
wide; piceous, the elytra paler.
g. Abdoniinal carinze fully one-half the length of segment. feebly,
eurved and strongly divergent: form less convex.
610. RUBICUNDA.
gq. Abdominal carvinee one-third the length of segment. straight.
less divergent: form narrower and more convex.
611. GRACILIS.
aa. Carine of first dorsal separated at lase by one-third or more the width
of segment: pubescence short and strongly recurved.
h. Antenne similar and unmodified in the sexes.
i. Thorax strongly and closely punctured; carinz of first dorsal short.
straight and parallel. PUNCTICOLIIS.
ii. Thorax not punctured; body black or picecus. with bright red ely-
tra; male with last dorsal with a broad rounded notch and Jast
ventral breadly concave. CORPORALIS.
Wh. Antenne dissimilar in the sexes. that of male with fifth joint strong-
ly dilated, the sixth scarcely longer than seventh; elytra dark red-
dish-brown. PROPINQUA.
COT (1928). LEICHENBACHIA GEMMIFER Lec.. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VIII.
1880, 182.
Dark reddish-brown: antennme. legs and elytra paler; pubescence very
fine and short. Head as long as wide. the three fovere circular and equal
in size. Antenne half as long as body; second joint as long but not as
thick as first: third to eighth cylindrical and subequal: ninth obconical.
slightly longer and thicker; tenth larger. subglobular; eleventh twice as
thick as tenth, as long as the three preceding. Thorax subglobular, strongly
convex, median fovere small, deep: side ones as large as those of head: disk
finely, evenly but distinctly punetate. Tlytra at base one-third wider than
thorax, smooth except near tips: each with a wide shallow discal line.
Carine of first dorsal short and strongly divergent. Length 1.4 mm.
Putnam County: rare. April 17. ‘Taken hy sifting.
60S (9388). REICIHENBACHIA CANADENSIS Brend.. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..
XIV, 1887, 206.
More slender than gemimifer, with darker body. Thorax one-third
broader than Jong, densely and coarsely punctured, the median fovea
smaner. Elytra at base not wider than thorax. distinctly but finely and
sparsely punctate; discal lines deeper and more distinct. Length 1.5 mn.
TIE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 42]
Starke County; rare. May 18-June 17. Sifted from vege-
table debris on margin of sphagnum swamp.
GOO (1929), REICHENDACHIA RADIANS Lec, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII,
1880, 182. :
Uniform light chestnut brown; antenne and legs paler. Head as wide
as long; the fovew small but deep. Antenne longer than head and thorax,
the joints nearly as in gemmifer, the eighth and ninth smaller than there.
Thorax subglobose, smooth, the fovere on sides one-third larger than those
of head, the medistn oue qauch smaller. Elytra at base one-third wider
than thorax. finely, sparsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Carine of
first dorsal reaching nearly to middle of segment. Length 1.5 mm.
One specimen in Webster collection labeled ‘‘Ind.,’’ LeConte’s
type, came from Iinois and his description is so brief that I am not
certain as to the identity of the specimen at hand. However, it
runs to radians both in his kev and in that of Brendel.
R. cribricollis Brend., piceous-black, elytra dark red, length 1.3
mm., is known from Illinois and Iowa. RB. congener Brend. (Fig.
150, c.), reddish-brown, length .9 mm., is an eastern species which is
recorded from Cincinnati.
610 (1982). REICHENBACHIA RUBRICUNDA Aubé, Ann. Soc. Ent., II, 116.
Piceous-black, not punctured; elytra, legs and antennie dull red. Head
wider than long; fover large, equal. Antenne not half as long as body,
second joint oblong; third to seventh equal, cylindrical; eighth globular ;
ninth as long and twice as wide as third; tenth subglobular, one-half thicker
than ninth; eleventh one-half wider than tenth and longer than the two
preceding. Thcrax one-third wider than long; fovew on sides very large,
median one small and deep. Iilytra at base as wide as thorax at middle,
humeri prominent; discal lines reaching apical third. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common, April 17-June 13. Occurs be-
neath cover in damp localities.
611 (1935). RerciteNBACHIA GRACILIS Casey, Contrib. Desc. Coleop. N. A.,
I, 1884, 82.
Dark piceous-red ; pubescence long, suberect and pale; elytra dull red;
antennse and legs paler. Head longer than wide; fovee deep and equal.
Antenne longer than head and thorax, first three joints gradually decreas-
ing in size; fourth to eighth equal, slender, subcylindrical; ninth subglobose,
thicker; tenth nearly twice as wide as long; eleventh compressed, as lous
as the three preceding together. Thorax wider than long, strongly con-
vex, polished, fove:e on sides large, median one minute. Elytra very con-
yex, diseal lines sharp, nearly entire. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 150, b.)
Starke and Orange counties; rare. June 2-June 16. Beaten
from hickory.
322 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHID.E.
R. puncticellis Lee., black with rust-red elytra, legs and an-
tenn, length 1.4 mm.. is recorded as occurring in the ‘‘region east
of the Mississippi River.’’ R. corporalis Casey, length 1.7 mm.,
was described from Michigan and Canada. R. propinqua Lec..
piceous-black, elvtra dark blood-red, length 1.4 mm., is a boreal spe-
cies which probably inhabits northern Indiana. (Fig. 150, d.)
Eupsenius glaber Lec., yellow, without pubescence or punctures,
length 1 mm., is a southern species which may occur in the Ohio
River counties.
Anchylarthron (Verticinotus) cernutus Brend., dark yellow,
faintly punctured, sparsely pubescent, is recorded from Ohio and
Towa.
Fig. 151. u, Batrisodes ione; b, Batrisodes ferox; c, Batrisodes globosus; d, Batrisodes spretus. All highly
magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)
XIV. Barrisopes Reitt. 1881. (Gr., ‘‘Batrisus + like.’’)
A large genus of subcylindrical, rather narrow, elongate spe-
cies, having the head elongate-oblong, with two fovee connected by
a curved groove on vertex; antenne with a three-jointed club; last
joint of maxillary palpi fusiform, more convex on the outer side;
thorax with two or three longitudinal grooves and a transverse
curved groove connecting the three basal foveew; elytra very convex.
their discal lines confined to basal half; legs long, femora clavate.
The species which have been taken or perhaps occur in the State
may be separated into two groups as follows:
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BATRISODES.
uw. Hind tibise without a terminal spur; elytra each with two fovew at base.
Group 4-1.
aa, Hind tibiee with a long terminal spur; elytra each with three fovex at
base. Group B.
TUL ANT-LOVING BELWELES. 323
Group A.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Vertex without a median carina; occiput swollen behind, overlapping
the neck; middle femora of male with a curved spine near the tro-
chanters. 612. ION.
aa. Vertex with one or more carina.
6b, Vertex with three carins converging in front.
v. Front tibie of male with a strong recurved spine near the middle;
middle femora notched above. (Fig. 151, b.)
d. Occiput swollen above; hind tarsi of male with second joint di-
lated. ARMIGER,
.dd. Occiput not swollen; hind tarsi of male simple; elytra punctu-
late; ninth antennal joint one-half the width of tenth, eleventh
wider than tenth, ovate. 5 613. FEROX.
ec. Front. tibize of male simple; middle femora not notched above; hind
tibize rather suddenly and strongly dilated on the inner side at
basal third. 614. CAVICRUS.
bb. Vertex with one median carina. 615. CONFINIS.
*612 (1894). Barrisopes 10n Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 94.
Uniform reddish-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with long yellowish
hairs. Head longer than broad, its surface sloping from the prominent
occiput to front margin. Antenne half the length of body, joints 2 to S
subequal, ninth larger, slightly transverse; tenth large, globular; eleventh
oblong-ovate, much thicker and toothed on inner side in male. Thorax
bell-shaped, widest at middle, slightly narrower at base; disk with three
impressed lines, the median one entire and ending at base in a small fovea;
sides with a small acute tubercle. Elytra sparsely and distinctly punctate;
humeri rounded, not prominent. Abdomen slightly depressed at base, sparsely
and finely punctate. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. (Fig. 151, a.)
Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. August 10-December 10.
One specimen on the latter date from beneath a partly buried chunk
in sandy woods. A species of southern range, described from
Georgia.
B. armiger Lec., reddish-brewn, sparsely pubescent, length 2.4
mm., is known from Pennsylvania.
618 (18982). Barrisopes FeRox Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 95.
Uniform reddish-brown, rather sparsely pubescent. Head quadrate;
fover of vertex small and in a line behind the middle. Antenne half the
length of body, joints 3-5 cylindrical, 6-9 quadrate or rounded and slightly
wider; tenth larger, globose in male, obeonical in female; eleventh thicker,
oblique, truncate at apex, rounded at hase, as long as the two preceding.
Thorax widest at apical third, sides strongly curved, apex half as wide as
base; disk with three impressed lines, median one obsolete in front; basal
fovere deep. Elytra one-sixth wider at base than thorax, finely and evenly
punctate; humeri with an obtuse spine. Caring of basal dorsal very short,
separated by one-fifth the width of segment. Length 2.4 mm. (Fig. 151, 0.)
jet FAM(LY X.—PSELAPHIDA.
Throughout the state; frequent. April 9-November 28. Oc-
curs in nests of red ants. Lasivs, beneath stones. Readily known by
the notched apex of middle femora.
G14 (9422). BarrIsopes cavicrts Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. VIT. 1893,
468,
Reddish-brown. coarsely and sparsely pubescent; elytra, legs and club
of antennee paler. Ifead wider than long. as wide as thorax. Antenne half
as long as body, second joint Ionger than third; three to eight equal in
width, gradually shorter: ninth and tenth abruptly wider, slightly trans-
verse; eleventh mnuch Jarger., subglobular. Thorax slightly longer than
wide; median sulcus of disk feeble. with two or three acute recurved spines
each side: median sub-basal fovea large. the side ones distinct. Elytra as
long as wide. net punctaté: humeri rounded. Carinre of first dorsal sep-
arated by one-sixth the width of segment. Male with a rounded subapical
impression «n last ventral. Length 1.5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. August 15. Described from North
Carolina. Dury finds it rather plentiful near Cincinnati.
G15 (1896). BATRISODES CONFINIS Lee.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist... VI, 1849, 96.
Reddish-brown, shining. finely and sparsely pubescent. Head as broad
as long, vertex elevated with «one median carina. Antenne slender, half as
long as body, joints 2-9 subequal. tenth but one-third thicker and not longer
than ninth, eleventh oval. acute, twice as long and one-half wider than
tenth. Thorax ax wide as long, median sulcus fine. entire. basal fovere very
small, side ones distinct. Elytra at base not wider than thorax. smooth.
humeri feeble. discal lines very short. Length 2 mm.
Putnam County: rare. April 22.
Group B.
Tn this group the hind tibiw bear at the outer end a very fine
and slender terminal spur, and the base of each elytron is marked
with three small rounded foverw (two in frentalis). The following
species are known from or probably oceur in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a, Front of head in either sex not separated by a sulcus or groove from
the clypeus: last antennal joint of male with an erect basal tooth:
thorax with crests on disk: elytra strongly punctate. SCHAUMII.
aa, Frontal margin in the male separated from the clypeus by a sulcus or
excavation: in the female continuous with the clypeus.
b. Antenne stout, the joints almost all wider than long. bead-like. sev-
enth and eighth smaller than those preceding or following.
616. CASEYI.
bb. Antennal joints. especially these of funicle. more slender, not wider
than long, joints 7 and S not smaller.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 325
ec. Frontal margin produced beyond the line between the bases of an-
tenne.
d. Vertex more or less scabrous or roughened and carinate.
e. Vertex vaulted or elevated, feebly scabrous; last anteunil joint
of male long, with an erect tooth; elytra punctate, the shoul-
ders not angulate; length 1.5 mm. GIT. RIPARIUS.
ce. Vertex not vaulted, coarsely scabrous; Jast antennal joint of
mile without a tocth; length 2.2 mm. 4
7. Fovew of occiput not pubescent; frontal margin of male
notched in middle; shoulders angulate. SCABRICEPS.
Tf. Fovew of occiput pubescent; lead very flat; frontal margin
triangular; thorax with conspicuous discal crests and deep
grooves, so that the disk appears to be marked with five
lines, LINEATICOLLIS.
dd, Vertex smooth; front more or Jess elevated.
vg. Antenne alike in the sexes; fovee of occiput pubescent; ver-
tex not carinate.
h. Thorax without crests or spines; suleus of vertex deep: ely-
tra not punctate; length 2.2 mm. FRONTALIS,
wh. Thorax with four basal spines; sulcus of vertex shallow ;
elytra very finely and sparsely punctate; length 1.) mm.
SIMPLEX.
gg. Antenne unlike in the sexes, the tenth joint in male globose
and very large; in female but one-half thicker than ninth;
foveee of occiput not pubescent; vertex carinate; length
1.7 pom. 618. GLoBosuUS.
ec, Frontal margin not produced beyond the line between the bases of
antenne; tenth antenual joint of male very large.
i. Humeri blunt, rounded; fover of occiput not pubescent.
j. Reddish-brown; tenth joint in male with a small fovea at the
base; length 2 min. 619. VIRGINI.E.
Ji. Black or piceous; antenne and legs red; tenth joint foveate
on under side. "
k. Median sulcus of thorax obsolete; length 1.6 mm.
620, SPRETUS.
kk. Median sulcus present; fovere on under surface of tenth
joint very large. G21. FOVEICORNIS.
ii. TWumeri spinous; fovea of occiput pubescent; length 2 min.
1. Basal joint of male antenne bluntly toothed below; tenth joint
large, with a small, round, deep puncture at base on under
side. DENTICOLLIS.
Uv. Basal joint not toothed below; tenth joint not punctate be-
neath; black, with reddish antepnre and legs.
m. Flytra smooth, vertex not punctate; third joint of male an-
tenn longer than second or fourth and swollen on one
side. G22. NORICANS.
mon, Wlytva indistinetly punctate; vertex with a central trans-
yerse puncture; three basal joints of antenne subequally
decreasing in size. STRIATUS.
326 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHIDA.
B. schaumui Aubé, piceous-black, length 2.1 mm.. is known from
Pennsylvania and Illinois.
616 (——). BaTRISODES CASEYI Dury Mss.
Uniform reddish or chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed with stiff, sub-
erect yellowish hairs. Head large. as wide as thorax; vertex strongly
swollen, not carinate; fover of occiput very small. Antenne short, stout,
reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to 10 wider than iong, 11 oblong-oval.
nearly as long as the three preceding. Thorax as wide as long, median
sulcus deep, abbreviated in front, basal fovew round, deep. Elytra smooth,
convex, humeri not prominent. Length 2.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath chunk in
open sandy woods. Dury has three or four from Kentucky opposite
Cincinnati.
617 (1902). Barrisopes riparius Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. IV.
1824, 98; ibid. II, 235.
Reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Head slightly wider than long, its
margin broad, flat, produced in front; the foveze small, deep, not pubescent.
Antenne of male half the length of body, joints 2 to 8 gradually smaller
and rounded; ninth much larger. transverse. toothed on outer side; tenth
still larger, globose; eleventh not as thick, more than twice as long, with a
large tooth inside the base; in female the joints are regular, the last one
not as long as the two preceding, acute-ovate. Thorax slightly longer than
broad, sparsely punctate, the basal fovea small, distinct. Elytra very con-
vex, strongly punctured; humeri blunt or rounded. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 18-April 22.
B. scabriceps Lec.. piceous. legs and antenne paler, is said to
oceur from Pennsylvania to Illinois and Iowa. B. Jineaticollis
Aubé and B. frontalis Lec.. have been recorded from Cineinnati.
B. simpler Lee. is a boreal species which has been taken in northern
Tllinois.
G18 (1903). Barrisopes cLroposus Lec., Dost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849.
100.
Reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head with ver-
tex roof-shaped, the crest carinate; fovere small, deep, rownd, not pubes-
cent; margin broad, flat, densely punctate. Antenne half as long as body,
second joint obconical, three to eight globular and of same width as sec-
ond; ninth thicker, wider than long; tenth in male globular, four times
as thick as ninth; eleventh narrower than tenth, ovate, acute, obliquely
impressed frum middle on outer side. Thorax slightly wider than lous.
median sulcus deep, ending near base in a deep fovea from which a trans-
verse groove curves to fovere on sides. Ilytra indistinctly punctulate, one-
half longer than thorax, each with three small, rounded fovee at base:
discal lines short, shallow; humeri tuberculate. Legs long, thighs clavate.
Length 1.8 mm. (Tig. 151, ¢.)
TUE ANT-LOVING BEELLES. 327
Throughout the State; common. March 5-November 28. Oc-
curs in numbers in the large cone-shaped nests of ants and beneath
stones on sloping hillsides.
619 (1910). Barrisopes virGINIZ Casey, Contrib. to Desc. of Coleop. of N.
: A., II, 1884, 90.
Reddish-brown, shining; elytra dark red; antennz and legs paler. Head
large, quadrate, punctured in front; eyes small; vertex with two small,
rounded foves connected by a curved groove. Antenme less than half the
leugth of body, first joint as long us the next two together, second longer
than third; 3 to 8 quadrate, eyual; ninth larger, one-half widerthan long;
tenth large, globular; eleventh as long as three preceding together, obliquely
acuminate. Thorax as wide as long, median sulcus narrow, deep, with a
small erect tooth each side of the basal median fovea. Elytra finely, sparse-
ly and distinctly punctate. Length 2 mm.
Putnam, Fayette and Crawford counties; frequent. April 17-
August 15.
620 (1906). BarrisopEs spreTUs Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 100.
Piceous-black; elytra dark red, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head
wider than long, wider than thorax, punctulate in front, smooth behind;
eyes prominent; occiput elevated, broadly depressed each side; vertex not
carinate. Antenne reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to 8 oblong; ninth
longer and wider, transverse; tenth large, quadrate-rounded ; eleventh twice
as long but narrower than tenth, ovate-acuminate. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, widest before the middle, median basal fovea smal]; basal tuber-
cles minute. Elytra convex, not punctured; humeri without tubercles.
Length 1.7mm. (Tig. 151, d.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April 17-October 11. Taken
by sifting damp vegetable debris and in nests of white ants.
621 (9414). BarTrisopEes FOVEICORNIS Casey, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1887.
462.
Reddish-brown, not punctate; sparsely clothed with long hairs. Head
as wide as long; vertex nearly flat, carinate at middle. Antenne with sec-
ond joint one-third shorter and narrower than first; third to seventh longer
than wide, eighth quadrate; ninth wider than long; tenth much wider,
globose, flattened and with a large fovea beneath in male; eleventh wider
and as long as the three preceding together. Thorax with fover and sulci
deep, the median sulcus obsolete on basal third. Hlytra with rounded
humeri. Length 2 mm.
Monroe County; rare. May 18. Sifted from debris of beech
stump.
B. denticollis Casey, black, elvtra dark red, antenne and legs
paler, length 1.8 mm., is known from Virginia and Iowa.
B28 FAMILY X.
r
PSELAPHIDA.
G22 (1904). BarkisobES NIGRICANS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI. 1849, 99.
Black, shining, sparsely pubescent; autenne, palpi and legs reddish.
Ilead as long as broad, front punctate; vertex convex, carinate. Antenne
with fourth joint half as wide and about as long as third; fifth to eighth
subequal, as wide as long; ninth longer, rounded; tenth nearly twice as
thick as ninth, globose; eleventh one-half longer, ovate. acute. Thorax
with median sulcus very deep, the basal tubercles acute; fovere on sides of
base pubescent. Elytra with humeri subacute, discal lines reaching middle.
Length 2 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 1.
B. striatus Lee., of which simpler Lee. is perhaps a synonym, Is
said to oceur from Massachusetts to the Missouri River.
Tribe {1]. EUPLECTINI.
In this tribe the form is more depressed and linear than in those
preceding, thus approaching the Staphylinide. They have the an-
fenne widely separated at base; abdomen distinctly margined. with
six ventral segments; hind cox conical, prominent and contiguous.
The following genera, as limited by Casey, are probably represented
in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUPLECTINI,
a. Tarsi with two equal claws; antenne slender, bead-like, Jast three joints
forming a loose club; first visible dorsal nearly as long as second and
without pubescent line. RAFONUS.
aa. Tarsi with two unequal chuws or with but a single claw.
vb. Antenne elbowed, the basal joint elongate; thorax twice as wide as
long, bilobed, and armed at sides with three inflexed spines.
; XY. RuHENIUS.
bb. Antennee straight, first joint not elongate.
ec. Tarsi with two unequal claws, the second in the form of an aj-
pendage nearly one-half the length of the principal claw.
d. Thorax with a fine entire median groove, its sides not spinous:
body shorter, head more transverse; elytra each with four
basal punctures, prolonged backward by a line.
XVI. RHEXIDIUS.
dd. Thorax without a median impressed line; body longer, more
parallel; head less transverse. RAMECIA.
cc. Tarsi with but a single claw. or with the second one yery minute.
c«. Antennal club gradually formed, the last joint only moderate in
size.
f. Prosternum not carinate along the middle: first dorsal not
longer than second.
g. Thorax with a central diseal impression; elytra each with
a discal stria.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 329
h. Wead large, truncate; antennze very remote; first dorsal
of abdomen with distinct basal carine.
XVII. WurPLectus.
hh. Wead smaller, the front more abruptly and strongly nar-
rowed; antenne less distant; abdomen without basal
carina. THESIASTES.
gg. Thorax without a discal impression; elytra without discal
strive. BIBLOPLECTUS.
ff. Prosternum finely but distinctly carinate throughont the mid-
dle cf its length; thorax with a small, subapical impression,
its basal fovere connected by a transverse sulcu ; antenn:e
less widely separated, the tenth joint larger than usual.
THESIUM.
ec. Antennal club consisting almost entirely of the larg’ abrupt ter-
minal joint; thorax without discal impressions.
i, Ninth and tenth antennal joints very short, distinetly trans-
verse.
j. Elytra with a subhumeral fovea from which an acutely ele
vated carina extends to apex; also with discal strive reach-
ing to middle; head never wider than thorax, the latter
with a large fovea on each side connected by a transverse
groove. ACTIUM.
jj. Elytra without trace of a subhumeral fovea and without
discal strie, but with an elongate basal impression.
h. First dorsal segment of abdomen much elongated and with-
out trace of a median impression.
XVIII. TRIMIOMELBA.
kk. Virst dorsal shorter, equal to second. XIX. AIELBA.
ii, Ninth and tenth antennal joints larger, less transverse; elytra
with a discal stria and with two basal fovez but without
subhuineral fovea; sulcus of thorax not continued duwn the
flanks but ending in small enlargements near the margin.
TRIMIOPLECTUS.
Rafonus tolule Lee., dark brown, polished, clothed with long,
dense pubescence, antenne and legs yellowish, length 2.1 mm., oc-
curs rarely near Cincinnati.
XV. Reexius Lee. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘T break.’’)
Head and thorax each wider than long; tarsi with two unequal
claws; antennae elbowed. One of the three species occurs in the
State.
G23 (1957). Rerexrus inscutertes Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849,
103.
Subcylindrical, depressed. Pale reddish-brown, clothed with short erect
hairs. Head twice as wide as long, hase truncate, front rounded, concave
and with three fovew; occiput carinate. Antenne reaching base of thorax,
joints 3 to § transverse, nearly equal; ninth twice as wide as third; tenth
330 FAMILY X.—PSELAPHIDA.
longer and wider; eleventh conical-ovate. as long as ninth and tenth to-
gether. Thorax almost as wide as head. sides broadly curved; disk with
a median groove, and a fovea each side near base connected by a trans-
yerse line. Elytra as wide as long; discal lines deep, confined to basal
third; humeri prominent. armed with a tubercle; margin with a sharp edge.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, the basal segment with “two short carine.
Length 1.2mm. (Fig. 152, a.)
Monroe, Lawrence and Clark counties; searce. April 9-May 8.
Taken by sweeping blue-grass; also by sifting.
Fig. 152. a, Rhexius insculptus; b, Rhexidius liculatus; c, Trimiomelba dubia; d, Melba parvulu; e, Euplec-
: tus confluens. (After Brendel and Wickham.)
XVI. Rauewxipivs Casey. 1887. (Gr., ‘‘a erack or fissure.’’)
Head much wider than long; thorax with a median groove; hind
coxe contiguous: tarsi with two unequal claws. One species occurs
in the State.
624 (1971). RHEXIDIUS CANALICULATUS Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI.
1849, 107,
Elongate-oval, subeconvex. Dale brownish-vellow, rather densely and
finely pubescent. Head one-half wider than long, front transversely im-
pressed; vertex elevated, feebly suleate and with a small round fovea each
side close to the eye, the two connected by a curved groove. Antenne short.
stout, not reaching base of thorax. joints one and two subequal. cylindrical.
as long as wide; three to eight narrower, reunded, slightly transverse;
ninth twice as wide as long: tenth twice as wide as ninth; eleventh wider
than tenth and longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax widest at
middle. sides broadly curved: disk convex, finely and sparsely punctate, and
with an entire median impressed line and a transverse shallow one near
hase, connecting a foveu on each side. Elytra at base as wide as thorax,
disk minutely punctate. Last ventral of male with a shallow transverse
impression. Length 1.2mm. (Fig. 152. 0.)
Putnam County: rare. April 17. Sifted from damp vegetable
debris.
Ramecia crinita Brend., brown. very densely pubescent, length
1.6 mm., is said to occur in the ‘‘ Northern States ;’? Ramecia arcu-
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES, 331
ata Lee., brownish-yellow, legs and antenne paler, pubescence
feeble, length 1.2 mm., is known from the Middle and Southern
States.
XVII. Evpiecrus Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘good + fold.’’)
Depressed, linear; abdomen with three basal segments equal in
length, the fourth prolonged, the border wide; ventrals six in fe-
male; seven, the last one carinate, in male: The following species
have been taken or may occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUPLECTUS.
a. Head narrower than thorax; first and second dorsal segments with
short carine; elytra convex; sutural lines deeply impressed, discal
ones half the length of elytron. 625. FOSSULATUS.
aa. Head as wide as or wider than thorax.
b. Fovece of head widely distant, situated behind the middle; body less
slender, more convex.
c. Head not wider than thorax; shoulders wider than head or thorax.
d. Sides of elytra nearly straight, divergent; sides of thorax broad-
ly and evenly curved; pubescence feeble; length 1.2 mm.
SPINIFER.
dd. Sides of elytra curved; those of thorax sinuate behind middle;
length 1.5 mm. INTERRUPTUS.
ce, Head wider than thorax.
e. Shoulders wider than head, thorax narrower, as wide as long;
base of abdomen narrower than elytra. CONGENER.
ee. Shoulders as wide as head; sides of elytra parallel; form linear,
subdepressed ; head not punctured. LINEARIS,
bb. Fovere of head smaller, much nearer together, situated in front of
middle; head strongly punctured. 626. CONFLUENS.
625 (9442). HuPLecTUS FossULATUS Brend., Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, II,
1891, 59.
Dark brown, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head wider than long, de-
pressed in front; occiput convex between the fover. Antenne as long as
head and thorax; joints three to eight very small, wider than long; ninth
and tenth each one-half wider than the one preceding; eleventh oval-
acuminate, longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax wider than long;
disk minutely punctate and with a large fusiform median sulcus, which ends
behind in a deep triangular fovea, the latter connected by a deep groove
with a large fovea each side. Elytra with humeri high and prominent;
each with three basal punctures. Length 1.2 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; rare. May 11-May 27.
Taken by sifting. Casey places this under 7'hesiastes but the two
basal segments of abdomen are distinctly carinate as described by
Brendel,
332 FAMILY X.—-PSELAPHII.E.
EL spinifer Casey, brown, shining. not punctate, was deseribed
from Mhinois; F. interruptus Lee.. rust-red, pubescence not dense,
and FE. congener Casey, brown, legs paler, pubescence short, dense,
conspicuous, are both recorded from near Cincinnati; EF. lincaris
Lece., brown. length 1.5 mm., is said to ocveur ‘‘east of the Mississippi
River.’’
626 (1981). EUpLecTUS CONFLUENS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849
105.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Uniform reddish-brown, finely pubescent.
Head wider than long, with two deep parallel grooves, the intervening space
nearly smooth; elsewhere coarsely punctured. Antenne reaching middle
of thorax, joints three to eight subequal, wider than long, bead-like: ninth
and tenth wider; eleventh ovate, wider than tenth. Thorax as wide as
long, finely punctate; disk with a deep oblong fovea before the middle and
a triangular one near base, the latter feebly connected with a large dee,
one each side. Elytra faintly punctate, densely pubescent, discal lines deep
at base, not reaching middle. Abdomen longer than elytra, the first and
second dorsals carinate. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. (Fig. 152, e.)
Marion County: rare. May 22.
Bibloplectus ruficeps Lee., dark brown, elytra darker, surface
not punctate, pubescence short and fine, length .7 mm., is known
from Michigan and Illinois.
Thesium cavifronus Lee., reddish-brown, legs and antennw paler,
pubescence rather dense, pale, Jength 8 mm., occurs in the ‘‘Mis-
sissippi Valley.’’
Aeclnon augqustum Casey, pale reddish-vellow, length 1.2 mm..
was described from Pennsylvania.
NVUL. Trimtomeupa Casey. 1897.
Differs from J/clba in its larger head with more remote fovew;
longer first dorsal and second ventral segments: ninth and tenth
antennal joints small, doubly convex; hind tarsi long, slender, the
second joint twice as long as third. One species has heen taken.
while another may oeeur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF 'TRIMIOMELBA.
a. Uead not punetate. the front obtusely rounded between the antenme:
fovere of accijymt small and deep: width across the shoulders equal
to that of thorax. (HNVERTEA,
aa. Head distinctly punctate, the front more narrowly subangulate; fovew
larger and less separated; width of shoulders less than that of thorax.
627. DUBIA.
T. converula Lee. deep yellow, very convex. pubescence not visi-
ble, length .7 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Illinois.
THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 3382,
627 (1969). TRIMIOMELBA pUBIA Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 108.
Dull brownish-yellow, shining, very finely pubescent. Head slightly
wider than long, finely but distinctly punctate. Antenne reaching middle
of thorax, joints +} to S bead-like, very small, ninth and tenth wider but not
longer, eleventh very large, ovate-conical. Thorax as wide as long, widest
just in front of middle, disk with a deep transverse sulcus at base, connect-
ing a small fovea each side. Elytra each with two basal fover, the discal
line reaching middle. Length .§mm. (Fig. 152, ¢.)
Putnam County; rare. Apri] 22.
NUX. Mienpa Casey. 1897. (A name.)
Head smaller; last antennal joint large, cone-shaped; occiput in
our species with a median impression; first dorsal not elongate;
second ventral shorter than the next two. Males with front and
middle femora much swollen. Three species perhaps oceur in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELBA,
a. Discal strive of elytra short.
b. Thorax not punctured, us wide as head. 628. PABVULA.
bb. Thorax finely and distinctly punctured, wider than head.
THORACICA.
aa. Discal strie half the length of each elytron. 629. MAJA.
G2S (1966). Metpa pARvuLA Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 108.
Brownish-yellow, shining, finely pubescent. Head one-fifth wider than
long, smooth, frontal margin slightly curved; occipital foveee deep. An-
tenne as in 7. dubia, the last joint larger. Thorax subglobose, narrower at
base; disk with a deep transverse basal groove which is angulate at middle
and unites with a small fovea each side. Elytra strongly convex, the discal
eroove limited to basal fourth. Length 1mm. (Fig. 152, d.)
Starke and Monroe counties; rare. May 8-May 18.
M. thoracicu Brend., duil yellow, pubescence fine, abundant,
length .9 mm., was described from Illinois and Iowa, and is said to
oceur on moist, rotten wood, with ants, and to be abundant in June.
629 (——). Merpa maga Brend., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIX, 1892, 167.
Differs from parrula in the longer discal stria of elytra and in having
the sutural stria punctured on the outer side. Length 1.1 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 17.
Trinioplectus obsaletus Brend., yellow, pubescence fine and
sparse, length 1.2 mm., was described from Iowa and may occur in
Northern Indiana.
334 FAMILY XI.—SlTAPHYLINIDA.
Family XI. STAPHYLINIDA.
Tue Rove BEeetLes. THt SHORT-\WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES.
A very large family of slender-bodied, small or medium-sized
beetles having the elytra truncate and very short, leaving always
some of the abdominal segments exposed, and covering usually only
two or three of them. The ahdomen, both above and beneath, is of
corneous or horn-like texture, yet very flexible, and when the in-
sect is disturbed it is turned up over the back as if the beetle were
about to sting. However, they are perfectly harmless. though some-
times disagreeable on account of emitting an odorous fluid from the
tip of the abdomen. ‘The ventral segments are eight (rarely seven)
in number, while there are ten dorsal ones. The wings are usually
fully developed, often exceeding the abdomen in length, and when
not in use are folded beneath the short elytra.
In addition to the characters mentioned, the Staphylinide have
the labial palpi three-jointed except in Tribe I; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed (5-jointed in Aleochara) ; mandibles long, sharp and sickle-
shaped, usually crossing one another at tips when at rest; an-
tenne variable in insertion and form, 11- (rarely 10-) jointed;
mesosternum short, its sidepieces large; metasternum rather large,
with narrow sidepieces; front coxe usually large, conical, promi-
nent and contiguous, the coxal cavities rarely closed behind; hind
cox contiguous except in the second subfamily; tarsi usually 5-
jointed, rarely 4- or 3-jointed.
In habits the Staphylinids are to be classed as beneficial, as they
feed upon decaying animal and vegetable substances, and thus not
only act as scavengers, but also aid in reducing the manure heap,
and the manure when spread, into a more available form of plant
food. The larve, except in the absence of wings, resemble the
adults both in structure and habits, and together with them oecur
beneath bark, in fungi and in decaying plants, while some are gue
in the nests of ants, being reared and attended as carefully w' ..c
voung, as are the young of the ants themselves.
Sharp says that ‘‘it is probable that one-hundred thousand spe-
cles or even more of Staphylinide are at present in existence.’’
This may be an exaggeration. But 9,000 species are at present de-
seribed, 1,500 of which are from the United States alone, and many
new ones are turning wp each vear. As in the other families, the
present paper treats only of those which have been taken in the
State, or which, from their known range, should occur. It is prob-
able that fully half as many more really occur, many of which are
at present unknown to science. The literature treating of the
THE SHORT-\WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 339
known North American species is scattered through many volumes
and the more important papers will be mentioned under the respec-
tive tribal headings.
The family is divided into eleven subfamilies, nine of which are
known to be represented in the State, while the other two may be.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF STAPHYLINIDA.
«a. Antenne 11- (rarely 10-) jointed, without abrupt club and not received
in cavities on the under side of thorax.
b. Antenne inserted upon the front between the eyes, and behind their
front margin.
c. Front coxte large, conical; hind coxse transverse, contiguous ; fourth
joint of maxillary palpi distinct; antennz not at all clavate;
racic spiracles visible. Subfamily I. ALrocHARINA, p. 336.
ce* Front cox small; hind coxz small, conical, widely separated ;
fourth joint of maxillary palpi obsolete; antennze slender, the
last three te suddenly larger; eyes large and prominent.
Subfamily III. Srenina, p. 400.
bb. Antennz not inserted upon the front between the eyes; hind coxe
.contiguous.
d. Antenne inserted at the front margin of the front of the head, fili-
form or gradually thickened; fourth joint of maxillary palpi dis-
tinct. Subfamily 1I. STaPHYLININ#, p. 367.
dd. Antenne inserted at the sides of the front of the head.
e. Froit’ coxe conical, prominent, rarely (Tribe Proteinini) trans-
verse.
f. Hind coxee conical.
g. Tarsi 5-jointed, very rarely the middle and hind ones +
jointed ; front coxse long, strongly projecting from the pro-
sternum; eyes not prominent; antenne inserted under a
more or less prominent frontal ridge.
Subfamily IV. Paperin#, p. 414.
gg. Tarsi 4-jointed; front coxze short; first joint of maxillary
_palpi at least one-half as long as second.
Subfamily VII. Euastuerine, p. 458.
ff. Hind coxee transverse or triangular.
h. Seventh ventral segment retractile and hidden.
oo i. Head inclined, narrower than thorax and more or less in-
serted in the latter; body convex, conical and pointed
behind; thoracic spiracles visible; epipleura distinctly
limited by a carina.
: - Subfamily V. TacHyYporina, p. 441.
ii. Head directed forward; body slender, depressed ; epipleura
ill defined, not limited by a carina; thoracic spiracles
hidden. Subfamily VI. PHLaocHARIN#, p. 457.
hh. Seventh ventral segment exposed; antennz inserted under
the widened margins of the front of head.
[2223402]
336 P.AMILY,, XI.—STAPHYLINID-E.
j. Middle coxse very widely separated; front of head trun-
cate just before the eyes; last joint of labial palpi very
large, lunate. Subfamily VIII. OxypoRIn#, p. 459.
jj. Middle coxze contiguous or nearly so; front more or less
prolonged before the eyes; labial palpi with last joint
normal. Subfamily IX. OxyTELINA, p. 461.
ce, Front coxie globose, not prominent; hind coxze transverse; form
yery elongate, slender, parallel.
Subfamily X. PIEsTINuz, p. 485.
aa, Antenne 9-jointed with abrupt club, received in cavities on under side
of thorax; hind coxie small, rounded and widely separated.
Subfamily XI. MicroprepLrina, p. 454.
Subfamily I. ALEOCHARINAE.*
Antenne inserted between the eyes and behind their front mar-
gin, 11-jointed (10-jointed in the Tribe Oligotini) ; elytra either
covering entirely the first two dorsal plates of the abdomen or leav-
ing the apical half of the second plate uncovered; abdomen mar-
vined at the sides. the second ventral plate rudimentary ; front coxx
conical, prominent, usually shorter than the front thighs; hind
eoxe contiguous, with broad, flat external lamin and with elevated
internal lamine, the latter narrowed behind or subparallel; tarsi
variable, 3-, 4. or 5-jointed.
The larva are but little known, greatly resembling in general
those of the Tachyporine. The species of Aleocharinz are among
the smallest of the family, are very numerous and their life habits
are extremely diversified. They oecur under stones, on dead ani-
mals, in excrement, in mushrooms and toadstools. in decaving veg-
etable matter. under the bark of various trees, under moss, in old
tree trunks and at running sap. Some live on the shores of running
or stagnant water. some exclusively on the seashore or on the shores
of brackish water, while others live in shore sand, in caves, a few in
flowers and a great number in the nests of ants and termites. A
few are also found in the nests of vertebrate animals, like wood-
rats, squirrels, swallows. etc. No member of the subfamily is known
to have any economic importance except as a scavenger.
The best works of reference on the American Aleocharine are:
Erichson.—Keefer der Mark Brandenburg, Berlin, 1837.
Genera et species Staphylinorum, Berlin, 1840.
Ganglbaucr.—Die Keefer von Mitteleuropa, IT. Wien, 1895.
Case y.—— Observations on the Staphylinid Groups Aleocharine,
and Nantholinini, chiefly of America,’ 7 Trans. Aead. Sci.
St. Louis, NVI, 1906, 125-434.
_* The outline and keys to tribes and genera of this subfamily were furnished by Dr. A. Fenyes of Pasadena
California, through whose hands all the species have passed. The other matter, eluding eve to species and
descriptions, was prepared by the writer.—W. 8. B. :
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 337
Fenyes.—‘‘A Preliminary Systematic arrangement of the Aleo-
charine of the United States and Canada,’’ in Entom. News.
XIX, 1908, 56-65.
The work of Director L. Ganglhauer has been the one principally
drawn upon for the present classification of the subfamily.
KEY TO THE INDIANA TRIBES OF ALEOCHARINA.
a. Head prolonged in a beak in front; inner lobe of the maxille entirely
corneous or horn-like, its inner side with teeth or spines.
b. All the tarsi with three joints. Tribe I. DINOPSINI, p. 337.
bb. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints.
Tribe II. MYLL#nInI, p. 338.
aa. Head not prolonged in a beak in front; inner lobe of the maxillre
corneous on the outer side, coriaceous or leather-like on the inner
side.
c. All the tarsi with four joints.
d. Antenne with 11 joints. Tribe III. HyGronomIniI, p. 338.
dd. Antenne with ten joints. Tribe IV. OLIGOTINI, p. 339.
ee. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints.
Tribe V. Bo.irocuarIni, p. 339.
cece. Front tarsi with four, middle and hind tarsi with five joints.
Tribe VI. MyRMEDONIINI, p. :44.
eccee, All the tarsi with five joints. Tribe VII. ALEOCHARINT, p. 360.
Tribe I. DINOPSINI.
Head prolonged in a broad and short beak in front. Lobes of
the maxilla very long and narrow, the inner lobe entirely horn-
like. its inner side with unequal teeth on apical half. Maxillary
palpi very long and slender, apparently only three-jointed, the
fourth joint minute, scarcely visible, acienlate. Labial palpi with
the basal joint very large, elongate. the second and third joints
small. All the tarsi with three joints.
The tribe contains only the single genus:
I. Drnopsis Matth. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘ wonderful + face.’’)
Antenna slender, head rather large; thorax transverse, elytra as
long as or one-third longer than thorax ; abdomen strongly narrowed
behind the middle and with two anal styles.
630 (2088). DINOPSIS AMERICANA Kr., Linn. Ent., XI, 1857, 38.
Elongate, slender, depressed. Piceous, subopaque, sparsely clothed with
very fine short, prostrate pubescence ; antenne, labrum, palpi and tarsi dull
yellow. Thorax convex, more than twice as wide as long, sides rounded on
apical half, hind angles rectangular; surface. as well as that of elytra and
abdomen, very minutely and densely granulate-punctate. Elytra one-third
longer than thorax, the granules arranged in oblique strie. Length 3 mm.
Putnam and Franklin counties; rare. June 11-Septemhber 25,
338 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDE.
631 12089). Drinopsis w1y1L=NoweES Kr.. Linn. Ent., NT. 1857, 38.
Smaller and somewhat paler than americana. Dull brown, the thorax
and elytra thickly clothed with silken yellowish prostrate pubescence; an-
tenn, legs, front margin of thorax and last ventral and dorsal segments.
dull brownish-yellow. Thorax and elytra as in americana, the latter about
as long as thorax, the granules finer. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Laporte and Posey counties; searee. April 1S—July 15. Occurs
in moist places beneath rubbish.
Tribe Il. MYLL.ENINI.
Head prolonged in a beak in front. Lobes of the maxille very
long and slender. the inner lobe entirely corneons. its inner side with
saw-like teeth. Maxillary palpi very long and slender. Labial
palpi very thin, bristle-like. Front and middle tarsi with four,
hind tarsi with five joints.
The tribe contains only one genus.
Il. Mytuxxa Er. 1837. (Gr.. “‘to twist.”’)
Antenne slender. head rather small; elytra as long as or shorter
than the thorax; abdomen strongly narrowed toward the apex.
632 (2086). MyLrena MINUTA Grvh., Mon. Col. Mier.. 1806, 174.
Dark brown; legs and apical third of antennze dull yellow. Thorax
one-half wider than long, sides of disk strongly sloping toward the front
angles, which are rounded. Elytra about two-thirds the length of thorax,
its surface, as well as that of the latter. densely and minutely punctate.
Length 2 mm.
Putnam County: frequent. Mareh 20-Oecteher 17. Taken by
sifting vegetable debris from about a hillside spring.
633 (——). MyYLn2Na verprna Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr., i907, 381.
Head. thorax and abdomen in great part piceous: legs. basal joint of
antenne, tip of abdomen and elytra (in great part) brownish-yellow : an-
tern and base of elytra fuscous. Thorax one-third wider than long, hind
angles obtusely rounded. Elytra as wide and as long as therax, the sur-
face, as well as that of the latter. minutely and densely punctate: apex
notched near the outer angle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than
elytra; densely and finely punctate. Length 2.2 mm.
Laporte County: rare. uly 15.
Tribe III. HYGRONOMINT.
Head not prolonged in a beak in front: antenue» with eleven
joints; imner lobe of the maxille externally corneous. internally
coriaceous; all the tarsi with four joints.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 339
The only genus of the tribe occurring in Indiana is:
TIT. Gyronycua Casey. 1893. (Gr., ‘‘cirele + claw.’’)
Elongate, linear, depressed; head of moderate size; antenna
long, slender, the outer joints usually slightly enlarged; third joint
of maxillary palpi but slightly longer than second; thorax oblong;
elytra long and well developed; tarsal claws divergent, abruptly
hent downward behind the middle.
634 (9608). Gyronycua FUSscIcEPS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIT, 1893,
376.
Dull reddish-brown, head piceous; legs and basal joints of antennz pale
yellow. Head about as long as wide, shorter and slightly narrower than
thorax; antennze as long as thorax and elytra, the outer joints feebly but
distinctly larger. the third shorter than the second. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, sides feebly rcunded; disk, as well as that of elytra, faintly alu-
taceous, minutely and densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider and longer
than the thorax, thickly clothed with fine, short yellowish pubescence.
Length 2.7 mm.
Putnam County; rare. October 17.
Tribe IV. OLIGOTINI.
Head not prolonged in a beak in front. Antenne with ten joints
only. Inner lobe of the maxillx as in the preceding tribe. All the
tarsi with four joints.
Although no representative of the tribe has been found thus far
in Indiana, vet it is very probable that one or more members of the
following genus occ:
Oricota Mannh. 1830. (Gr., “‘little.’’)
Very small; antennw short, the outer joints much thickened;
head rather simall, narrower than thorax, base not constricted; tho-
rax very short. mucn wider than long, as wide at base as elytra
which are rather short; abdomen pointed behind.
Tribe V. BOLITOCITARINI.
Head not prolonged in a beak in front; inner lobe of the max-
ile horn-like or corneous on inner side. leather-like on outer side
(in Silusa the whole inner lobe is horn-like). Front and middle
tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints. The following genera
are probably represented in the State:
340 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID-E.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BOLITOCHARINI.
a. Mesosternal process broadly truncate or emarginate behind; middle
coxee widely separated; labial palpi with two joints only.
IV. GYROPH-ENA.
aa. Mexosternal process mure or less pointed behind: middle cox moder-
ately separated or contiguous.
b. Labial palpi with two joints only.
¢. Hind tarsi with the first joint at least as long as the second and
third tegether; front tarsi with the first joint distinctly longer
than the second: ligula very bread and short. very broadly
rounded in front; labial palpi short, their first joint swollen.
PLactsa.
ce, Hind tarsi with the first joint net or only a little longer than the
second; front tarsi with the first three joints equally long; ligula
very narrow: labial palpi with both joints more or lexs elongate.
d. Labial palpi moderately long, not bristle-like; ligula moderately
narrow, split at tip: body depressed. V. HOoMALOTA.
dd. Labial palpi very narrow, prominent, stiff, bristle-like; ligula
very narrow, entire, more or less narrowed toward tip: body
rather convex. SILUSA.
bb, Labial palpi with three joints.
e. Ligula entire.
f. Labial palpi with the second joint as long as and scarcely nar-
rower than the first. VI. Lepresa,
ff. Labial palpi with the second joint longer and narrower than the
first; thorax wider than elytra. VII. PHILOTERMES.
cc. Ligula split. or bifid at tip. VIII. Bo LitocHarRa.
IV.) Gyroprmena Mannh. 1830. (Gyr... ‘ta circle — to show.’’)
Form short and bread; antenne rather short; head strongly
transverse: eyes prominent: third joint of maxillary palpi thick-
ened; thorax short. broad. distinctly margined; elytra large. abdo-
men short and broad: surface smooth. shining. almost destitute of
hairs or punctures. The species live in fungi and are gregarious.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECICS OF GYROPH-ENA.
a. Antenne abruptly dilated beyond the fourth joint. the last seven joints
forming a leose parallel club.
b. Elytra and abdomen almost wholly black or piceous.
G35. CORRUSCULA.
bb. Edytra and abdomen aluiest wholly pale. G30. LOBATA.
aa, Antennal joints gradually enlarged from fourth joint to tip: abdomen
bicolored.
ec. Eyes always separated by more than twice their own width; base
and apex of abdemen pale. 637. VINULA.
ec, Eyes more convex. separated by not more than their own width:
basal half of abdomen pale, apex black. GSS. DISSIMILIS.
TILK SHORLT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 341
§35 (2080). GrropitaeNa CORRUSCULA Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 189.
Short, broad, subparallel. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra often more
or less brownish; antenme and legs pale yellow. Thorax twice as wide as
long, slightly wider than head, sides curved, surface minutely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra a little wider and longer than thorax. sparsely pubescent;
minutely, roughly and sparsely punctate. Length 1-1.5 mm.
Marion, Monroe and Posey counties; frequent locally. June 2-
October 31. Oceurs in leathery fungi on sides of oak and beech
stuinps.
636 (——). GYROPILENA LOBATA Casey, Trans. Acad. Sei. St. Louis, XVI,
1906, 293.
Rather stout, spindle-shaped. Brownish-yellow, shining; head black,
outer apical angle of elytra. disk of thorax and fourth dorsal segment of ab-
domen more or less fuscous. Antenne reaching base of elytra, joints 5-10
brownish, slightly wider than long. Thorax much wider than head, two-
thirds wider than long. sides broadly rounded into base; disk smooth with
the exception of about ten widely scattered punctures, the post-median pair
strong. Elytra a fourth wider and one-half longer than thorax, minutely
aid sparsely punctate, Length 2.2 min.
Marion County; rare. May 22. Taken by sweeping. Deseribed
from New York.
O37 (2077). GyRoPILENA VINULA Krichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 186.
Rather stout, subparallel. Vale reddish-yellow ; head, apical third of
elytra, except at suture, and fourth and fifth dorsal segments of abdomen
black or piceous. ‘Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, parallel and
rounded on the sides; surface very sparsely and obsoletely punctate with
two larger punctures behind the middle. Hlytra about one-fifth wider and
one-half longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-
2.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. March 20-September 20.
Occurs on fleshy fungi.
688 (2078). GyRoPHa:NA DISSIMILIS Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 186.
Form of vinulu. Pale dull yellow; head, apical angles of elytra and
apical half of abdomen blackish; antennze and legs yellow. Thorax wider
than head, nearly twice as wide as long, otherwise as in vinula. Elytra
with the humeri more narrowly exposed than in that species. Length 1.5-
2.3 min.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 13-September 25.
Phacusa Er. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘plate.’’)
Antenne short, head rather small; thorax broad, strongly trans-
verse; elytra large, abdomen subparallel.
No member of the genus has as yet been recorded from Indiana,
but its occurrence in the State is very probable.
342 FAMILY NI.--SLAPHYLINID.E.
V. Hoswaror,s Maunh. 1330. (Gr., ‘‘a flat surface.’’)
To this genus. as characterized in the key. belongs one Indiana
species.
639 (2008). HomaLora pLana Gyllb., Ins. Suec., I, 1810, 402.
Elongate, slender. parallel. Piceous, opaque; antenne, elytra and last
dorsal segment of abdomen brownish: legs dull yellow. Head large, its sur-
fuce densely and rather coarsely punctate. Yhorax slightly wider than
head. one-fourth narrower at base than apex; sides rounded, disk finely
wnd densely punctate and with a distinct median impressed line. Elytra
one-third wider and about one-half longer than thcrax, densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Abdomen as long as the rest of the body, slightly nar-
rower than elytra; its sides parallel and of equal width to terminal seg-
ment. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Mazicn and Putnam counties: searce. February +-December 7
Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.
VI. Leprvsas Kr. 13858. (Gr., ‘‘slender.’’)
Elongate, slender parallel forms having the antennew rather
short. head moderately large, thorax usually narrower than elytra
and slightly narrower at base than apex.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTUSA.
a. Abdomen in great part pale.
b. Thorax and elytra uniform brownish-piceous. much darker than the
base of abdomen. G40. CASEYI.
bb. Thorax and elytra reddish-yellow, or of the same hue as the basal
portion of abdomen. 641. ELEGANS.
aa. Abdomen, as well as thorax and elytra. dark brown or picevus.
G42. OBSCURA
640 (——). Lepttss casey1 Feny.. Entom. News.,. XVIII, 1907, 61; tri-
color Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. NVI, 1906, 351.
Slender, parallel, convex. Uniform dark brown or picévus, subopaque:
abdomen pale reddish-yellow the fourth and fifth dorsal segments in part
or wholly piceous; anteune black. paler at base and tips: legs pale. An-
tenne longer than head and thorax, the second and third joints elongate
and subequal, the outer joints broader than long. Thorax a third wider
than head and two-fifths wider than long; surface rather coarsely. densely
and shallowly punctate. Elytra slightly wider, one-third longer and more
deeply and roughly punctate than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mu.
Putnam Ceunty; rare. April 22. Taken by sifting. This is
Casey's tricolor described from leowa and Cincinnati. Ohio. Fenyes,
loc. ert., showed that Casey's name was preoceupied.
641 (——). LEPpTUsSA ELEGANS Sp. nov.
Form of caseyi, but a little more slender. Reddish-yellow. shining.
sparsely clothed with very fine prostrate hairs: head, middle joints of an-
e
THE SILORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 343
tenn and fourth and fifth segments of abdomen piceous. Antennze shorter
than in caseyi. the second and third joints shorter and more narrow at base
than there. Thorax one-third wider than long; sides strongly rounded into
base and apex; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a distinct im-
pression in front of scutellum. Elytra not wider and scarcely longer than
thorax ; surface coarsely, roughly and densely punctate. Abdomen not wider
than elytra, parallel to tip; finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Described from four specimens taken near San Pierre, Pulaski
County. June 19. Occurs beneath cover in dry sandy places. A
handsome little species of nearly equal width throughout.
642 (
Form of cascyi. Piceous, subopaque; thorax and elytra dark brown ;
base of antennze and legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than head, sides
rounded into base, disk rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra twe-
thirds longer and distinctly wider than thorax; more coarsely and roughly
punctate than there. Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra. Length
2.5-3 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties: searee. March 17—April 22. A
pair taken iz coitu from beneath a chunk in low open woods.
). LeEprvusa OBSCURA sp. nov.
.
VII. Putvorermes Kr. 1857. (Gr., ‘‘to love - termes.’’)
Small and rather broad species having the head large, antenne
stout; abdomen large, flat; legs rather short. The species live with
termites or white ants.
643 (2073). PHILOTERMES PILoSts Kr., Linn. Entom., XI, 1857, 14.
Rather broad, depressed, parallel. Reddish-yellow, strongly shining,
sparsely clothed with short. erect yellowish hairs; elytra and fourth and
fifth abdominal segments indefinitely darker. Head not punctate. Thorax
subelliptical, twice as wide us head, truncate in front, sides rounded into
base; surface smooth or nearly so. Elytra one-half longer but much nar-
rower than thorax and slightly wider than abdomen, smooth. Abdomen not
punctate. Length 2~2.5 mm.
Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 19—-May 26. Oc-
curs in the nests of the white ant or termite, Termes flavipes Koll.,
which are usually in rotten or decayed wood. The beetles are very
ective and often quickly escape when the nest or gallery is un-
covered.
644 (2075). PHILOTERMES FUCHSIE Kraiitz., Linn. Ent. Zeits., XI, 1857, 14.
More slender than pilosux, Fuscous or smoky brown, shining, thickly
pubescent; antennie and legs paler. Antemme longer than head and thorax,
joints 4-10 wider than long: eleventh larger, ovate-acuminate. Thorax as
wide at middle as length of elytra. all the angles rounded; apex truncate;
surface, as well as that of bead, finely and very densely punctate with yel-
344 FAMILY XNI.—STAPHYLINID-£.
lowish erect hairs on sides and scattered erect black ones on disk. Elytra
less densely and less finely puuctured. Seventh segment of abdomen closely
punctured abore and with an inferior lobe in male. Length 1.2 mm.
Marion County: rare. May 15. Taken from among termites
beneath bark. Described from Tennessee.
VIIL Bourrocnara Mannh, 1830. (Gr..‘‘fungi-=to delight in.’’)
Rather bread forms having the antenne short. stout. less than
half the length of body; abdomen somewhat narrowed toward tip:
legs long and slender.
645 (2009). BorrrociarRa TRIMACULATA Er., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1540, 105,
Rather stout and bread, subparallel. Dark brown to piceous. shining.
sparsely clothed with short, prostrate yellowish hairs; elytra dull yellow.
with the apical half, except at suture. and a common rounded basal median
spot. dark brown; legs and basal joints of antennz yellow: basal half of ab-
domen often tinged with reddish. Th:rax subelliptical, more than one-half
wider than long. sides rounded into base: disk rather finely and closely
punctate and with a rounded impressien in front of scutellum. Elytra
slightly wider and two-thirds longer than therax. coarsely. roughly and
shallowly punctate. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra. coarsely and
rather closely punctate both above and below. Length 3-3.5 mim.
Southern two-thirds cf State: scaree. Mareh 20—November 5.
Taken from beneath debris in damp lecalities.
(46 (9591). BoLrrocHaRA BLANCHARDI (‘asey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII.
1892. 369.
Rather stout. parallel. Head black: thorax piceous. slightly paler along
the basal margin; elytra fuscous, the basal third and often the suture, dull
yellow; legs and abdomen reddish-yellow, the last two or three segments
of the latter in great part piceous. Thorax three-fourths wider than long.
sides broadly rounded into base. disk finely, densely and somewhat roughly
punctate and with a distinet impression on middle of base. Elytra slightly
wider and one-half longer than thorax. impressed along the suture on basal
half. rather finely and closely punctate. Abdomen distinetly narrower than
elytra. feebly tapering. finely and densely punctate: fifth dersal seqment of
male carinate at middie. Length 2.7 3.2 mn.
Fulton, Marion and Putnam counties: frequent. April 30-No-
vember 28, Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
Tribe VIL MYRMEDONTINT.
Head not prolonged in a beak in front; inner lobe of the maxille
with its outer side horn-like, its inner side leather-like. Front tarsi
with four, middle and hind tarsi with five joints. The following
genera are known to be represented in the State.
THE STORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 345
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYRMEDONIINI.
a. Sides of the front dorsal segments of abdomen without tufts of hair.
b. Maxillary cavity or hiatus only narrowly separated from and not
reaching as far behind as the eyes; inner lobe of maxille with a
row of long, curved teeth, or comb-like on the inner margin toward
the curved apex; epimera of metasternum as a rule not reaching
beyond the hind margin of elytra.
«. Head strongly constricted behind into a neck, the latter only about
one-fourth as wide as head.
d. Seutellum not carinate. IX. CHITALIA.
dd, Scutellam acutely and strongly carinate. XX. FAnaaRria.
cc. Head not or only moderately constricted behind.
¢. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base distinctly trans-
versely sulcate or transversely constricted.
f. First joint of hind tarsi at least as long as second and third
together. XI. TacHyusa.
ff. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than second and third to-
gether.
g. Thorax transversely impressed at base. XII. GNYPETA.
gg. Thorax not impressed at base. XIII. MERONERA.
ee. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base not transversely sul-
cate or constricted.
h. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with four joints.
i. Seventh segment of abdomen not carinate in male.
XIV. T.inorus.
wi. Seventh segment of abdomen carinate in male.
j. First four joints of hind tarsi gradually decreasing in
length; elytra simple in male. XV. PLATANDRIA.
jj. First four joints of hind tarsi equal; elytra carinate in
male. XVI. HoPrLanpria.
hh. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints.
7. Abdomen wholly without punctures; basal joint of hind tarsi
as long as the next two combined. XVII. XESTURIDA.
kh. Abdomen with distinct punctures; hind tarsi with four basal
joints equal.
1. Entire body clothed with rather long erect hairs.
XVIII. TRiIcHIUSA.
Zl. Body at most in parts clothed with erect hnirs.
XIX. ATHETA.
bb. Maxillary hiatus or cavity separated from the eyes by rather large
cheeks and reaching behind further than the eyes; inner lobe of
maxille with three or four curved teeth on the inward turned apex
and with long and dense pubescence behind these teeth, the outer
lobe very long and slender; epimera of metasternum always reach-
ing beyond the hind margin of elytra; first joint of hind tarsi elon-
gate longer than second and third joints together. XX. ZyYRAS.
aa. Sides of front dorsal segments of abdomen with dense tufts of yellow
hairs. XXI. XENODUSA.
346 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.®.
IX. Cyrrarta Shp. 1883.
Rather elongate species having the head large; antenne long and
stout, the last joint much shorter than the two preceding combined ;
thorax cordate; elytra with prominent. almost square shoulders ; ab-
domen nearly parallel: middle coxe widely separated ; legs long and
stout, the basal joint of hind tarsi much shorter than the next three
combined.
647 (2002). CHITALLA BILOBATA Say, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836.
156; ibid. IT, 589.
Elongate rather stout convex. Dark brown
to piceous, shining; legs and basal joints of
antenns brownish-yellow. Thorax cordate.
slightly wider than head and as long as wide,
sides rounded in front, strongly converging
behind; disk finely and sparsely punctate and
with a wide, deep median groove; scutellum
finely and densely granulate and often with
a median line. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax. as wide as long, finely and sparsely
granulate-punctate, more densely so on basal
half. Abdomen narrower than elytra, rather
%, closely and roughly punctate. Length 3-
Fig. 153. x 15. (Original.) 3.3mm. (Fig. 153.)
Throughout the State; scarce. April 16-October -31. Taken
beneath bark and by sifting vegetable debris in moist woods.
X. Fauaerta Mannh. 1830.
This genus is closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly by
having the scutellum distinctly carinate. The meso- and metasterna
are on the same plane, whereas in (hifalia the mesosternum is raised
above the metasternum.
648 (1996). Faraeria cineuLaTa Lec, Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1866.
370.
Elongate, slender, convex. Pale to dark reddish-brown, shining, feebly
pubescent; elytra often paler at base; apical half of abdomen blackish; legs
dull yellow or in part piceous. Antennse reaching apex of elytra, second and
third joints subequal. ‘Thorax narrower than head, longer than wide, sides
rounded in front, converging and sinuate toward base; disk minutely and
sparsely punctate and with a deep median groove. Scutellum finely and
sparsely granulate and with a single mediun carina. Elytra nearly twice
as wide but not much longer than thorax, minutely and indistinctly pune-
tate. .Abdomen narrower than elytra, slightly widened behind the middle,
finely and rather closely punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Putnam, Alonroe. Lawrence and Posev counties: searce. April
1s—June 9. Taken hy sifting. Much more slender, with a nar-
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 347
rower and less deeply grooved thorax and a more distinctly pune-
tured head than in Chitalia bilobata.
649 (2003). FaacrIa pissecra Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 49.
Stouter and a little shorter than cingulata. Black or piceous, shining,
sparsely clothed with short fine hairs; antenne and elytra often brownish;
legs brownish-yellow. Antenne not reaching middle of elytra. ‘Thorax
wider than head and slightly wider than long, sides strongly rounded in
front, thence converging to base; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with
a deep median groove. Scutellum with two caring at middle. Elytra one-
half wider and slightly longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate;
abdomen parallel, narrower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 26—Decem-
ber 7. Taken by sifting. The darker color and the two carine of
scutellum readily distinguish this from cingulata.
XI. Tacuyusa Erichs. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘swift.’’)
Slender-bodied forms having the antennx long and slender;
middle coxe almost contiguous; thorax narrower than elytra; abdo-
men narrow, usually constricted at base and with the first three
dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, the impressions coarsely
sculptured and divided on the median line by a fine carina which
joins the raised basal margin.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYUSA.
a. Abdomen highly polished, almost smooth; larger, 3~-3.5 mm.
‘ 650. GRACILLIMA.
aa. Abdomen alutaceous and pubescent, minutely and closely punctate;
smaller, not over 2.8 mm.
b. Thorax convex or feebly flattened; abdomen wholly dark.
651. AMERICANA.
bb. Thorax with a deep median groove; abdomen pale at base.
652. CAVICOLLIS.
650 (2046). TAacHYUSA GRACILLIMA Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 18638, 29.
Elongate, slender. Blackish-piceous, shining; antennz and legs red-
dish-brown, tarsi yellow; basal segments of abdomen reddish. Antenne
reaching tips of elytra, the second and third joints elongate, sub-equal.
Thorax about as wide as long, scarcely wider than head; sides feebly
rounded in front, almost straight on basal half; disk finely and rather
densely punctate, in female often with a faint median impression. Elytra
one-half wider and two-thirds longer than thorax, rather coarsely, sparsely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at base than middle.
Length 3-3.5 mm.
Starke and Lawrence counties; scarce. June 4-June 16. Prob-
ably occurs sparingly along shores throughout the State.
348 FAMILY XT.—STAPIHYLINID.E.
651 (——). TacHyUSA AMERICANA Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
XVI, 1906, 207.
Slender, convex. Blackish-piceous, shining, sparsely clothed with pros-
trate yellowish pubescence: elytra dark brown, the tips paler; antenne fus-
cous or reddish-brown; legs pale yellow, the femora often darker. An-
tennie reaching middle of elytra. the second joint longer than third. Thorax
about as long as wide, distinctly wider than head, disk convex (male),
feebly flattened along the middle (female), finely and sparsely punctate.
KNlytra about one-half wider and a third longer than thorax, minutely,
sparsely and reughly panetate. Length 2.5-2.8 min.
Clark and Posey counties; scarce. May 6—June 3.
Gh2 (2053). TAcHytsa CAVICOLLIS Lec., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1868, 2.
Elongate, very slender, sparsely and finely pubescent. ‘Thorax and ely-
tra reddish-brown, the latter with tips paler; head and apical half of ab-
domen piceous; antennre and lees pale yellow, the former fuscous at apex:
Iitse of abdomen reddish-yvellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
nearly straight; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a broad deep
groove at middle. DWlytra a third wider and one-half longer than thorax,
finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at
base than middle. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. August 7.
NII. Gnyypera Thon. 1857. (Gr.. ‘‘to fall on the knees.’’)
Rather stout species having the middle cox well separated, their
cavities clesed behind; antenne rather long; neck two-thirds or more
as wide as head; thorax with a short transverse impression before
the scutellum; abdomen narrower than elytra, very feebly con-
stricted at base.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GNYPETA.
a. Deep black; thorax widest at apical third; dorsal basal segments of ab-
domen coursely and distinctly punctured. 653. NIGRELLA.
ad, Dark reddish-brown to piceous; thorax widest at middle; basal seg-
ments of abdomen without punctures. 654. BALTIFERA.
653 (2044). GNyYPETA NIGRELLA Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29.
Deep black throughout, shining, sparsely clothed with fine grayish
hairs; antenne and legs piceous. Antenne reaching base of thorax, the
first three joints equal in length. Thorax slightly wider than head, two-
fifths wider than long. sides broadly rvunded in front, thence feebly con-
verging to base; disk almost without punctures, but with a faint median
line and a transverse impression at base. [Elytra distinctly wider and one-
half longer than thorax, minutely and densely punctate. Abdomen nar-
rower than elytra, parallel to near apex. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Starke and Lawrence counties; searce. Probably throughout
the State. Mav 11-Angust 22.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. B49
G54 (2045). GNyPera BALTIFERA Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29.
Head and apical half of abdomen piceous, shining; thorax, elytra and
basal half of abdomen dark reddish-brown; legs and antennm somewhat
paler. Antenne reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints equal,
longer than first, outer joints gradually larger. Thorax slightly wider than
head, a little wider than long, sides rounded, disk minutely punctate and
witb an elongate, triangular median impression on basal half. Blytra two-
fifths wider and a little longer than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Lake and Putnam counties; searee. April 17-May 28. Taken
by sifting.
NII. Meronera Shp. 1887. (Gr.. ‘‘femur.’’)
Very small, rather stout species having the neck less than a third
the width of head; thorax strongly convex, without basal impres-
sion; abdomen as broad as elytra, not constricted at base.
655 (2004). Mrronrera veNnustuLa Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 55.
Short, rather stout, subparallel. Head and last three joints of abdomen
piceous. Thorax, elytra and apical portion of antennz brown; legs, base
of antennze and abdomen, dull yellow. Antennz stouter toward apex, reach-
ing beyond middle of elytra. Thorax slightly wider than long, scarcely
wider than head, sides rounded at apical third, thence feebly converging to
base; surface, as well as that of head, coarsely and densely punctate. Ely-
tra about one-half wider and but slightly longer than thorax, less coarsely
and more sparsely punctate. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 5-December 7. Hiber-
nates as imago. Taken by sifting vegetable debris. The elytra are
often in part or almost wholly piceous.
XIV. Trnorvs Sharp. 1883. (Gr., ‘‘stretched or thin.’’)
Rather stout species having the antenne short, head small; tho-
rax short, much wider than long, strongly convex and usually im-
pressed.
656 (9523). Tinorus cavicers Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 18938, 316.
Rather broad, subfusiform, flattened above. Black or piceous, feebly
shining; rather thickly clothed with short, pale, recumbent hairs; legs and
base of antenne dark reddish-brown. Antenne reaching base of thorax.
second and third joints equal. Head of male broadly and deeply concave.
Thorax one-half wider than head, nearly twice as wide as long, sides
rounded; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a large, deep median
impression (male) or a broad and feebly impressed median line (female).
Elytra equal in length and width to thorax, rather coarsely and rugosely
punctate. Abdomen much longer than head and thorax, nearly equal in
width to elytra, marked with elongate punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm.
350 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID#®.
Putnam County; searee. October 17. Sifted from debris about
a hillside spring.
XV. Puaranprra Casey. 1893. (Gr., ‘broad + male.’’)
Rather broad fusiform species, having the antenne rather short
and slender, head well inserted, not constricted at base ; ligula with a
slender process which is deeply forked at apex; thorax elliptical,
much wider than long; abdomen gradually narrowed from base to
tip; hind tarsi nearly as long as tibiw. the basal joint elongate, the
next three decreasing rapidly in length.
657 (9483). PLaTANDRIA MORMONICA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII,
1898, 345.
Rather broad. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining, clothed with short
sparse yellowish hairs; abdomen black; tibis, tarsi and base of antennze
paler. Antenne slightly shorter than head and thorax, joints 1 to 3 sub-
equal. Thorax three-fourths wider than long; sides rounded into base,
which is broadly curved and much wider than apex; disk minutely and
evenly punctate. Elytra together one-third wider than long, slightly wider
and more coarsely and distinctly punctured than thorax. Abdomen nar-
rower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Marion and Lawrence counties; common locally on leathery
fungi growing on beach stumps. May 11—-Mav 24.
XVI. Hornanprra Kr. 1857. (Gr., **armed + male.’’)
Rather robust species, resembling Platandria in general appear-
ance, but having joints 1 to + of hind tarsi equal in length.
658 (2006). HoPLANDRIA LATERALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IT.
ISH, 32.
Rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely pubescent: head
and joints 4 and 5 of abdomen piceous; base of abdomen reddish, legs and
base of antennz pale. Antenne reaching base of thorax, joints 2 and 3
equal in length, the former stouter, 6-10 also equal and wider than the
others. ‘Thorax much wider than head, one-half wider than long; sides
rounded into base, apex truncate, disk rather finely and closely punctate.
Elytra nearly twice as wide as long, one-fourth wider and more coarsely
punctured than thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughcut the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun-
ties. March 19-September 25. Taken by sifting vegetable debris
in moist places. The elytra are often marked with fuscous on the
sides and near the scutellum.
XVIT. Nesrurm.a Casey. 1906. (Gr., “‘refuse.’’)
Closely allied to Trichiusa, but in addition to characters men-
tioned in key, differing in its more slender antenne, broader neck,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 351
longer and more slender tarsi and less hairy upper surface. One
species is known from the Eastern United States.
659 (——). XEstTurIpA Lavis Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906,
325.
Short, rather stout. Dark reddish-brown, strongly shining, sparsely
and finely pubescent; head and ahdomen piceous; antenne dusky, their
basal joints and legs dark bruwnish-yellow. Head wider than long, paral-
lel; antenne reaching middle of elytra. the second and third joints elongate.
subequal. Thorax wider than head, one-third wider than long; sides
parallel, rounded into base; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely, sparse-
ly and roughly punctate. Elytra three-fifths wider but only slightly longer
than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, feebly narrowed toward the tip,
the sides strongly margined. Length 1.7 mm.
Clark County; rare. May 6. Taken from beneath a log on the
muddy banks of the Ohio River. Described from near Vicksburg,
Mississippi. The Indiana specimen is in the collection of Dr.
Fenyes.
XVIII. Tricwrus, Casey. 1893. (Gr., ‘‘a little hair.’’)
Rather stout, convex species, bristling with long hairs and hav-
ing the third joint of maxillary palpi much longer and thicker than
second, fourth small, slender, oblique; head and thorax both rather
small; elytra wide, abdomen broad; hind tarsi with four basal joints
equal.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICHIUSA.
a. Tilytra with coarse punctures not bearing hairs, mixed with the smaller,
rougher, hair-bearing ones, the intervals polished, not alutaceous;
color in great part reddish-brown. 660. PARVICEPS.
aa. BElytra with a single set of minute hair-bearing punctures, the intervals
less shining and distinctly alutaceous; color deep black. 661. aTRa.
660 (——). TrRIcuHIUSA PARVIcEPS Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI
1906, 328.
Short, stout, rather convex. Reddish- or chestnut-brown, shining, sparse-
ly clothed with pale, erect, conspicuous hairs; head and indefinite subapical
cloud of abdomen black; legs and base and tips of antenne dull yellow.
Antenne reaching nearly to middle of elytra, the outer joints gradually
stout and compact; the second and third ones nearly equal. Thorax one-
half wider than head, two-fifths wider than long, sides broadly rounded,
hind angles small but distinct; disk with fine, rather close punctures, with
coarser ones intermixed on basal half. BElytra a third wider and longer
than thorax, punctured as mentioned in key. Abdomen slightly narrower
than elytra, the sides parallel, distinctly and rather closely punctate.
Length 2 mm. , }
Putnam and Monroe counties; searee. April 17-May 13. Taken
by sifting rotten beech wood.
[2823402]
FASULY X1—STAPH YLINID.®.
Ls
UU
lo
GGL (———). TRICHIUSA ATRA Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906.
329.
Form of the preceding but shurter. Deep black, shining, clothed with
sparse erect hairs; legs pale; antennze fuscous, paler at base, reaching base
of thorax, more slender.than in parriceps, second joint much longer: than
third. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded into base, surface
minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider and longer than
thorax, the punctures more distinct than there. Abdomen parallel, as wide
as the elytra. Length 1.5 mm.
Putnam and Lawrence counties; scaree. April 17-May 12.
Taken by sifting woody debris.
XIX. Arueta Thoms. 1859. (Gr., *‘without place or position.’’)
A large genus of small brown or blackish species having the head
usually narrower than thorax, the latter never wider than elytra;
the body not clothed with prominent erect hairs as in Trichiusa.
The following species from the State have been identified by Dr.
Fenves or are described as new. and there are also a half-dozen or
more unidentified ones at hand.
KEY TC INDIANA SPECIES OF ATHETA.
a. Eyes moderate or rather large in size, separated at most by less than
twice their long diameters.
». Abdomen parallel or only very feebly narrowed behind the middle.
c. Third joint of antennz not, or only a little, shorter than second.
d, Thorax only very feebly transverse, about one-third wider than
long.
e, Middle coxze almost contiguous: seventh dorsal segment of ab-
domen in male simple; color mostly black or piceous.
f. Front of head not impressed.
gq. Cheeks (gense) entirely margined.
h. Male with eighth dorsal segment of abdomen simple, the
sixth ventral truncate at tip. 662, PALUSTRIS.
hh. Male with hind margin of eighth dorsal quadridentate.
the sixth ventral rounded at tip. 663. DICHROA.
gg. Cheeks margined only behind; elytra in part and legs dull
yellow. 664. #MULA.
ff. Front of head distinctly impressed. 665. CAVICEPS.
ec, Middle coxie more widely separated; seventh dorsal abdominal
segment of male with a blunt tubercle at middle; elytra
wholly or in great part pale.
. Thorax without a median impressed line: eleventh antennal
joint stout, conical, almost as long as joints S-10 together.
666. DENIATA.
i. Thorax with a distinet median impressed line; eleventh joint
not longer than 9 and 10 together. 667. SULCATA.
dd, Thorax strongly transverse, one-half or more wider than long.
densely and rather coawsely punctate; abdomen pale at base.
THE SHORT-WINGED SC\VENGER BEETLES. 253
j. Seventh dorsal segment of mule with a small flat tubercle.
6738. UNIGRANOSA,
jj. Seventh dorsal segment of male simple. OT4. VIRGINICA.
ce, Third joint of antenne at least one-third shorter than second.
4. Color black and yellow.
i. Thorax as broad as elytra; form much stouter than in the
next. 668. FLAVEOLA.
uw. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra; form slender.
669. PENNSYLVANICA.
kh. Color black or piceous, the elytra often slightly paler.
m. Liead and thorax coarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate.
670. PUNCTATA.
mm. Head and thorax very finely punctate.
n. Antennse wholly piceous; legs fuscous. 671. Poxrra.
nn, Antenne with basal joints pale; legs wholly pale.
672, FESTINANS.
4b. Abdomen narrowed or more or less pointed behind the middle.
o. Antenne long and stout, reaching nearly to middle of elytra;
thorax finely, densely but distinctly punctate; color black.
675. MACROCERA.
oo. Antenne shorter and more slender, reaching only to base of elytra.
p. Third joint of antenne distinctly longer than second.
q. Dlytra dull yellow with a median black cloud at base; thorax
not impressed. 676. SORDIDA.
qq. Elytra uniform brown; thorax with a median impression on
basal half. G77. LAURENTIANA.
pp. Third joint of antennz shorter than, or at most as long as sec-
ond.
r. Apical half of abdomen piceous; thorax and elytra coarsely
and densely punctate. 678. LUTEOLA.
rr, Last two joints of abdomen pale yellow; thorax and elytra
finely, less densely punctate. 679. SUBPYGM-EA.
aa, Eyes very small, separated by three or more times their long diameters.
s. Front of head convex. 680. ANALIS.
ss. Front of head concave. 681. CAVIFRONS.
662 (9503). ATHETA PALUSTRIS Kiesw., Stett. Ent., Ztg., V, 1844, 318.
Elongate, rather slender. Head and abdomen black; antenne, thorax
and elytra piceous, finely and sparsely pubescent; legs dusky yellow. Head
convex, finely and closely punctate; antenné short, stout, reaching base of
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax about as wide as long,
sides rounded into base, disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-
fourth wider, one-half longer and more coarsely and distinctly punctate
than thorax. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 25—April 11.
Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.
663 (2011). ATHETA DIcHROA Gray., Col. Micr., 1802, 186.
Elongate, moderately robust. Black, feebly shining; legs, base of an-
tenne, elytra and tip of abdomen dull yellow. Antenne reaching base of
thorax, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax nearly one-
354 FAMILY XNI.—STAPILYLINIDZ.
third wider than long, finely and densely punctate; disk with a very fine
median line which expands into a shallow impression at base. Elytra
searcely wider than thorax, densely and finely punctate. Abdomen finely
and very spursely punctured. Length 8 nun.
Starke and Clark counties: scaree. May 7-May 19.
664 (2010). ATHETA .eMULA Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 102.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytra, legs and base of an-
tennze more or less dull yellow. Antenne slightly longer than head and
thorax, third joint distinctly longer than second. Thorax scarcely one-
third wider than long. minutely and rather sparsely punctate; disk with a
rather wide, shallow impression at middle of base. Elytra one-third wider
and one-half longer than thorax, densely and rather coarsely punctate.
Length 2.7-3 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Clark counties; frequent. March 6—No-
vember 28. Taken by sifting. The sides of elytra are more or less
fuscous.
665 (——). ATHETA CAVICEPS Sp. nov.
Elongate, rather stout, parallel. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous,
sparsely clothed with fine, pale prostrate hairs; elytra dark dull reddish-
brown; antennz piceous, the basal joints and legs dull reddish-yellow.
Front of head with a broad shallow impression. Antennz slender, reach-
ing middle of elytra, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax
one-third wider than long, sides broadly rounded into base, surface finely
and sparsely punctate and with a faint median impressed line. [FElytra
scarcely wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely and roughly punc-
tate. Abdomen equal to elytra in width. Length 2 mm.
Lake, Marshall and Marion counties; rare. May 15—-May 20.
666 (——). ATHETA DENTATA Brnoh., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1906, 342.
Elongate, robust. Blackish piceous, shining.
sparsely and finely pubescent; elytra dull clay
yellow, the humeri, margins and apical angles
often darker; legs dusky yellow. Head broad.
convex, almost smooth. Antenne stout, reach-
ing beyond base of thorax, second and third
joints subequal, eleventh almost as long as S-10
combined. ‘Thorax slightly broader than long,
sides nearly straight, hind angles rounded, sur-
face sparsely. finely and roughly punctate and
with a feeble impression at middle of base. Ely-
tra but slightly wider and one-third longer than
thorax, minutely and roughly punctate. Length
3-3.2 min. (Fig. 154.)
Throughout the State; common in the
southern counties; less so northward.
March 16-November 29. Our largest species; taken by sifting,
rarely by beating, and probably hibernates.
Fig. 154. X 16. (Original.)
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 305
667 (——). ATHETA SULCATA Sp. nov.
Elongate, robust. Piceous, shining; elytra uniform dull elay yellow;
antenne fuscous, the two basal joints and legs pale yellow. Head broad,
front subdepressed, finely alutuceous. Anteime as in dentata, the apical
joint shorter. Thorax. one-third wider than long, sides rounded on apicul
third, thence nearly straight to base, hind angles obtuse; disk finely and
densely punctate, with a distinct but fine median impressed line and a
leeble impression at middle of base. Elytra as in dentata. Abdomen finely
and rather closely punctate; under surface much more densely pubescent
than in dentata; the apical half of the seventh dorsal segment reddish-
translucent and with a distinct median tubercle in the male. Length
3.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 22.
66S (2015). ATHETA FLAVEOLA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 30.
Rather stout. Dull reddish-yellow; head, sixth dorsal segment of
abdomen and often the tips and sides of elytra black or piceous; legs and
base of antennz pale yellow. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides
rounded into base; disk finely and closely punctured. Elytra scarcely nar-
rower than thorax, sparsely and minutely punctate. Abdomen slightly nar-
rower than elytra, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2 mm.
Orange County; rare. May 31-June 1. Taken from fleshy
white fungi.
669 (——). ATHETA PENNSYLVANICA Brnb., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1907,
388.
Elongate, very slender. Meddish-yellow ; head and fifth to seventh seg-
ments of abdomen black; elytra in part piceous; legs and basal joints of
antennse pale yellow. Thorax scarcely wider than head, about as broad
as long, sides rounded into base, disk finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra
one-half wider and more coarsely punctured than thorax. Abdomen slightly
narrower than elytra, smooth or nearly so. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. March 6—July 29.
Sifted from rotten fungi.
G70 (——). ATHETA PUNCTATA Sp. NOV.
Rather robust. Head, thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, shining;
abdomen piceous; antenne dusky, the two basal joints and legs dull yellow.
Head convex, almost as broad as thorax, coarsely, sparsely and evenly
punctate. Antennse rather slender, longer than head and thorax, second
joint obconical, nearly one-half longer than third. Thorax one-third broader
than long, sides rounded into base, disk punctured as the head. Elytra
slightly wider and searcely longer than thorax, the punctures a little smaller
and more sparse than there. Abdomen as wide as elytra, minutely and
sparsely punctate. Length 2 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 3. Sifted from debris of beech
stumps. Very distinct from allied species by the coarse, sparse
punctures of upper surface.
356 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID®.
G71 (2919). ArHeErTa porrra Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT, 1844, 31.
Short and rather robust. ead, thorax and abdomen black. shining;
antenne picevus; elytra und legs dusky or fuscous yellow. Head rather
broad, convex, sparsely and finely punctate; antennw short, stuut, reaching
base of thorax, the third joint two-thirds the length of second. Thorax
suborbicular, scarcely wider than long. sides rounded into base, disk very
tinely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half longer and one-third wider
than thorax; more coarsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Abdomen as
wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.5-1.8 min.
Marshall, Marion, Putnam, Monroe and Clark counties; fre-
quent. March 6-October 31. Taken by sifting rotten woody debris
and leaves in damp places.
G72 (2013). ATHETA FESTINANS Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 112.
More slender than the preceding. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra dark
reddish-brown to fuscous; antennz piceous, the basal joints and legs pale.
dull yellow. Antenne more slender than in polita, reaching middle of
elytra. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides rounded into base; disk
‘finely and rather densely punctate and with a faint median impression on
basal half. Elytra slightly wider and one-third longer than thorax, rather
coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen parallel, equal in width to elytra.
Length 1.7-2 mm.
Afarion, Putnam, Vigo, Lawrence, Clark and Posey counties;
scarce. January 7-November 8. Taken by sifting.
673 (——). ATHETA UNIGRANOSA Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch., 1909, 521.
Elongate, rather slender. Head and middle of abdomen black; thorax.
elytra, legs, base and tip of abdomen and base of antennx dull yellow.
Antenne reaching base of thorax, the third joint a little shorter than sec-
ond. Thorax one-half wider than long, finely and rather closely punctate;
disk with a faint median line and a rounded impression at base. Elytra
scarcely wider and one-third longer than thorax. finely and densely punc-
tate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra. parallel. finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Length 2.7 mm.
Lawrence County: searce. July 29. Taken from fungi.
G74 (——). ATHETA viRGINICA Brunh., Deutsch, Ent. Ztschr., 1907, 393.
Elongate, rather robust. Head, thorax and apical two-thirds or more
of abdomen piceous; antennze and elytra brownish-yellow; legs pale yel-
low; two basal joints of antennee and base of abdomen usually reddish-yel-
low. Front of head with a small round median impression, sparsely and
finely punctate; antennw reaching beyond base of thorax, the third joint
slightly longer than second. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded
into base and apex; disk densely and rather coarsely punctate and with a
shallow median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly wider, one-half
longer and more coarsely, sparsely and roughly punctate than thorax. Ab-
domen parallel, a little narrower than elytra. indistinctly punctate. Length
2.5-2.8 mm.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 357
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11-November 21. Oc-
curs beneath vegetable debris in low moist woods; also in fungi.
This is said by Dr. Bernhauer to be a variety of crassicornis Fab.
675 (——). ATHETA MACROCERA Thoms., Ofo. Vet. AK. Forh., 1856, 106.
Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black; elytra
and antenne piceous; legs dull yellow. Antenne long, rather stout, reach-
ing beyond base of elytra, second and third joints subequal, fourth to tenth
as wide as long, eleventh equal to ninth and tenth. Thorax as wide as
elytra, sides rounded into base, disk finely, evenly and densely granulate-
punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, more sparsely punctate than
latter. Abdomen parallel to apical third, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length 2.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. May 15. Taken by sweeping.
676 (2040). ATHETA soRDIDA Marsh, Col. Brit., 1802, 514.
Elongate, robust. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous; antenne brown ;
legs. dull yellow. Antenne longer than head and thorax, the second joint
one-half the length of third. Thorax as wide as elytra, sides feebly rounded,
disk convex, densely and finely granulate-punctate and with a faint median
impressed line. Elytra one-third longer and a little more sparsely and
coarsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from middle
to apex, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.8-3 mm.
Lake, Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. May 12-
November 28. Sifted from moist vegetable debris.
677 (——-). ATHETA LAURENTIANA Sp. DOV.
Elongate, slender, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence. Head,
thorax and abdomen dark brown or piceous; antennz and elytra uniform
brown; legs paler. Head convex; antenne reaching slightly beyond base
of thorax, the second joint two-thirds the length of third. Thorax sub-
quadrate. sides nearly straight on basal half, hind angles rounded; surface.
as well as that of head, elytra and abdomen, finely and indistinctly punc-
tate and with an oval median depression on basal half. Elytra one-third
wider and one-half longer than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from
middle to apex. Length 3 mm.
Lawrence County; scarce. May 11. Taken from fungi.
678 (2014). ATHETA LUTEOLA Brichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 114.
Short, rather robust. Head and apical half of abdomen brownish-
plceous; antenne, thorax, elytra and basal segments of abdomen brownish-
yellow, sparsely and finely pubescent; legs paler. Antennw shorter than
head and thorax, second joint stouter and slightly longer than third. Thorax
as wide as elytra, twice as broad as long, sides rounded into base and apex;
disk convex, with a faint median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly
longer (han thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 2 mm,
358 FAMILY X1I.—STAPHYLINID.™.
Throughout the State, common in the southern counties; much
less so northward. March 13-November 1. Taken by sifting damp
vegetable debris. Probably hibernates as imago.
679 (——). ATHETA sUBPYGM4ZA Brnh., Deutsch. Bntom. Ztschr., 1909, 526.
More slender than lutculu. Pale brownish-yellow; head and fifth and
sixth segments of abdomen piceous; antenns dusky except at base, rather
slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax and elytra as in luteola, but
much more finely punctate. the former without median basal impression.
Length 2 mm.
Starke and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 18—June 24. Sifted
from sphagnum mosses in tamarack swamps.
680 (2022). ATHETA ANALIS Grvb., Col. Micr. Brunsv., 1802, 76.
Hlongate, very slender. Black, shining; thorax and elytra dark brown-
ish-yellow to piceous; antenne, legs and last one or two abdominal seg-
ments brownish or dusky yellow, the tarsi paler. Antennee reaching base of
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax suborbicular, slightly
narrower than elytra; sides rounded into base and apex; disk, as well as
that of elytra and abdomen, finely and densely punctate and with a smal]
transverse impression on basal third. Elytra one-third longer than thorax.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Putnam and Marion counties; frequent. March 20-November
28. Taken by sifting.
681 (9498). ATHETA CAVIFRONS Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1869, 33.
Form of analis. Dark reddish-brown, head piceous; antennse, legs aud
last two abdominal segments dull yellow. Head with a broad but shallow
median groove. Antenne, thorax and elytra nearly as in analis, the thorax
with an entire faint median impressed line in front of the basal impression.
Length 2 mm.
Marion County; rare. November 21.
XX. Zyras Steph. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘razor.’’)
Rather broad species, having the head much wider than long,
slightly narrower than thorax; antenne robust, longer than head
and thorax, the third joint longer than second, legs long and slender.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZYRAS.
a. Black, the elytra fuscous; eyes very large, placed less than half their
length from base of head; thoracic punctures extremely fine.
682. CALIGINOSUS.
aa, Reddish-hrown; eyes smaller, placed at nearly their own length from
base; thoracic punctures fine but distinct. 683. PLANIFER.
682 (9528). ZyRas cALietNosus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., VII, 1898.
323.
Rather stout, parallel. Black; antennse and legs dark reddish-yellow :
elytra dull fuscous, shining. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 359
broadly curved, hind angles obtuse and blunt; disk alutaceous, very finely
and sparsely punctate, sometimes with a fine median impressed line. HEly-
tra slightly wider and longer than thorax, finely, distinctly and densely
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, polished. Length 3 mm.
Putnam County; rare. October 17. Described from Indiana
and New York.
683 (9533). ZyRas PLANIFER Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 326.
Rather stout, subparallel. Dark reddish-brown, shining, the elytra
darker except on humeri; abdomen black, the first three segments in part
or wholly pale; legs and base of antennze pale reddish-brown. Antenne
reaching middle of elytra, the third joint twice the length of second, ob-
conical. Thorax one-half wider than long, widest at apical third, sides
straight on basal half, disk convex, finely and sparsely punctate and with
a faint median impressed line. Elytra two-fifths wider and slightly longer
than thorax, rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen one-fourth
narrower than elytra, parallel, smooth or nearly so. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. March 20-
May 25. The thorax of male has a large flattened median area and
is more coarsely punctate than in female.
XXI. Xenopusa Wasm. 1894. (Gr., ‘‘strange + guest.’’)
Robust brown species having the antenne very slender, head
small; thorax wider than elytra, the sides much elevated; abdomen
as broad as elytra, parallel, the first four or five dorsal segments with
tufts of yellow hairs on the sides.
684 (2041). Xwopusa cava Lec., N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 30.
Blongate, robust, parallel.
Reddish-brown, shining,
sparsely pubescent. Antenniec
reaching middle of abdomen,
the third joint twice the length ;
of second. Thorax nearly four
times as wide as long, sides
broadly reflexed, hind angles
acute, much prolonged, base
bisinuate, disk minutely and
indistinctly punctate. Hlytra
one-half narrower and slightly
longer than thorax. Length
5-6 mm. (Fig. 155.)
Throughout the State:
searve. April 25-August
17. Occurs in the nests of
several kinds of ants.
Usually but two or three
of the beetles are found at Vig. 155. Original.)
360 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDZ.
a time, but I onc took 2 or more from among a colony of the ant
Camponotits pennsylvanicus beneath the bark of an elm |.g near
Bloomington. It is said that they are fed by the ants and in turn
exude a s-eretion which i, much liked by their hosts.
Tribe VH. ALEOCHARINI.
Usually rather robust species having the head net prolonged in a
beak in front; inner lobe of the maxill# moderately long. ‘ts outer
side horn-like. its immer side leather-like. nsually with long. thorn-
like teeth toward the tip. dens=ly hairy behind the teeth: all the
tar-: with five joints. The tribe is represented in the tat= by five
genera.
KEY IT) INDIANA GENERA OF ALEOCHABINI.
a. Head prominent, more or less strongly constricte] behind; first joint
of antennz <7ipiform. but only moderately Ionz: epipleura of thoras
always visible from the side: third to fifth dorsa! segments of ab-
(leomen always tranever-ely suleare or constricted.
b. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth joint and shorter than
second and third together: body small. linear; third ts sixth durs:..
segments of ablomen transversely suleate. XXIT. PHLcGoposa.
bb. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the fifth joint and at least :~
long as the s=-.nd and third together.
e. First joint of antennz at most only obliquely ¢marzinate at the
very tip. XXII. CaLopera.
ce. First joint of antennz obliquely siicate or emarginate (for the re-
ception of the se:ond joint) in the apical fourth or fifth.
XNIV. AwarocHaRa.
a:. Head net or only very feebly constricte] behind. its base retracted or
only m:derately prominent: tirst joint of antennz never ~—)iform.
d. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints.
AAV. OXYPODA.
dd. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with fvur joints.
XXXVI. ALEOCHARA.
XXII. Paucopora Erich. 1-37. (Gr. “Sbark- to walk.”*:
Elongate, narrow Frm. having the head rather broad. strongly
sous ricted: abdomen elonate and parallel.
us> 1 ———). PHELCGOPORA SUBLEVIS (Casey. Traus. Acad. Sci. sr. LL. NVE
1906. 315.
Elongate, +lender, parallel Dark brown, feebly shining: head and ab
deinen pieeos: antennee tise iis. the basal joints and less yellow. Antenne
reaching tase of thorax. the euter je‘nts transverse. Thorax as long as
wide. -ide< reunded in front ef middle. thence nearly straight to base, disk
finely and spars-ly punctured. Elytra a third wider and a little longer than
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 361
thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely-
tra, the first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base. Length 1.S-
2mm.
Lake and Marion counties; rare. July 23-December 21. Taken
from beneath bark of pine.
XXIII. Catopera Mannh. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘beautiful + skin.’’)
Head broad, prominent; thorax much narrower and shorter than
the elytra; legs rather long and slender.
686 (
). CALODERA INFUSCATA Sp. NOV.
Hlongate, rather robust, parallel. Dark brown, feebly shining, sparsely
und finely pubescent; head and apical segments of abdomen piceous. An-
tennze stout, reaching base of thorax, the first joint pale. Thorax slightly
wider than head, a little longer than wide, sides parallel behind the middle;
surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-
half wider and one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen narrower than ely-
tra, parallel, the first four dorsal segments rather deeply impressed. Length
1.8 mm. 4
Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting.
XIV Amaroouara Thoms. 1858. (Gr., ‘‘I shine +I am glad.’’)
Head oval, antenne rather robust; thorax subquadrate, scarcely
narrower than the elytra; abdomen parallel.
687 (———). AMAROCHARA FENYESI sp. nov.
Hlongate, slender, parallel. Dark chestnut brown, shining; abdomen
piceous ; legs dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, sides nearly straight, rounded
into base; disk minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra but slightly wider
and longer than thorax, more distinctly punctate than there. Abdomen
about as wide as elytra, the first three dorsal segments impressed at base.
Length 1.8—-2 mm.
Lawrence and Clark counties; searce. May 6-May 12. Taken
from beneath rubbish on the muddy banks of streams. Named in
honor of Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena, California, the acknowledged
authority on North American Aleocharine.
XXV_ Oxypopa Mannh. 1830. (Gr.. ‘‘sharp + feet.’’)
Rather robust species clothed with silky pubescence; head nar-
rower than thorax, antenne elongate; thorax as wide or wider than
the elytra, the latter with the outer hind angles emarginate ; ahbdo-
men: usually narrowed behind the middle; legs rather elongate.
Five species have been taken in the State.
362 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID&.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYPODA.
a. Larger, 3-8.2 mm.; dark brown, elytra and legs paler.
688. SAGULATA.
aa, Smaller, not over 2.5 min.
b. Thorax subparallel and curved at the sides, the apex almost as wide
as the base, the latter as wide as the base of elytra.
c. Dull brownish-yellow; abdomen piceous, pale at tip, distinctly
tapering from base to apex. 689. AMICA.
cc. Reddish-brown ; abdomen with only the fourth and fifth dorsal seg-
ments piceous, its sides nearly parallel. 690. PALUSTRIS.
bb. Thorax subconical or with the apex distinctly narrower than base.
d. Body rather slender; abdomen feebly tapering from base to apex;
eolor chestnut brown. 691. OBLIQUA.
dd. Body linear; abdomen straight and nearly parallel; color brownish-
yellow. 692. PEREXILIS.
GSS (2062). OxyPpopa SAGULATA Erich., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 146.
Elongate, rather robust. Dark brown to piceous, sparsely clothed with
fine yellowish hairs; elytra reddish-brown; legs and basal joints of antenn«
pale yellow. Antenne reaching base of thorax, the second joint slightty
longer than third. Thorax one-half wider than long, the base as broad as
the elytra, sides moderately curved; angles rounded, the front ones de-
flexed; disk finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third longer
than thorax, more coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen at base slightly
narrower than elytra, distinctly tapering behind the middle, densely punc-
tate, the first two segments impressed at base. Length 3-3.2 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 13-October 31. Taken by
sifting.
6S) (———). Oxypopa Amica Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., NVI, 1906, 312.
Elongate, subfusiform. Dull brownish-yellow. clothed with rather long.
shaggy pubescence; head and abdomen piceous, the latter pale at tip; an-
tennze fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Antenne reaching to basal
third of elytra, the second joint one-third longer than third. Thorax three-
fourths wider than long, sides strongly curved. surface, as well us that of
elytra and abdomen, very finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra about
two-fifths longer than thorax. Abdomen at base one-third narrower than
elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex. the first three dorsal segments deeply
impressed at base. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Throughout the State; one of the most common members of the
subfamily. January 18-Deeember 8. Taken by sifting vegetable
debris in low, moist woeds. TTibernates beneath mullein leaves, bot-
tom rails of fences and other cover.
690 (——). OXYPODA PALUSTRIS Sp. Noy.
Rather stout, subfusiform, Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and
finely pubescent; head, elytra and fourth and titth dorsal segments of ab-
domen piccous. Antone reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints
THE SILORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 363
subequal. Thorax twice as wide as long. as wide at base as elytra; sides
broadly curved, hind angles obtuse; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely
and densely punctate. Elytra one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen
slightly nurrower and more coarsely punctate than elytra, sides parallel to
beyond the middle. the first three dorsal segments rather feebly impressed
at base. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Starke County: rare. May 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss of
a cranberry bog.
GOL (——). Oxypopa opttgua Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906,
316.
Rather slender, convex. Chestnut brown. feebly shining; head and ab-
domen piceous; tips of fifth and sixth abdominal segments and a faint, nar-
row oblique line reaching from humerus to apex of each elytron, reddish-
yellow; antenne fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax three-
fifths wider than long, sides broadly and feebly curved from near the base
to apex. disk finely and densely punctate and usually with a faint rounded
impression at middle ef base. Elytra equal in width te and about one-
fourth longer than thorax, more coarsely and roughly punctate than there.
Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to
apex, the impressions of second and third dorsal segments shallow but dis-
tinet. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 17—No-
vember 21. Takeu by sifting. ,
a
G02 (——). ONXyYPODA PEREXILIS Casey, Trans. Acad. Sei. St... NVI, 1906,
316.
Linear, convex. Brownish-yellow; head piceous;-antenne and apical
half of abdomen fuscous, the base of former and the tip of latter paler; legs
pale yellow. Antenne reaching base of thorax, the second joint one-half
longer than third. Thorax one-half wider than head, two-fifths wider than
long, sides feebly curved, disk very finely and densely punctate. Elytra
slightly narrower and a little shorter, and more coarsely and roughly pune-
tate than thorax. Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, rather coarsely
and roughly punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Marion. Putnam. Clark, and Posey counties; scarce. Mareh 20-
July 4+. Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.
XXVI. AteocHirs Grvh. 1802. (Gr.. ‘‘warmth + gladness.’’)
Rather broad and stout species having the head small, much nar-
rower than thorax: eves large. antenne usually short and stout:
thorax bread, the hind angles almost always rounded; elytra short
and broad. their tips not emarginate or sinuate near the outer
angles; abdomen usually coarsely and sparsely punctate and with
the first three or four dorsal segments narrowly and acutely im-
pressed at base. Hight species have been taken in the State.
364 FAMILY XI.—-STAPHYLINIDZ.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ALEOCHARA,
a. Yorm rather broad and stout, rarely parallel; mesosternum without
trace of carina at any point.
b. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen simple and subtruncate at apex in
both sexes. :
c. Antennze stout and spindle-shaped, not reaching base of thorax, the
joints strongly transverse; thorax wholly black.
d. Elytra wholly black; thorax finely and sparsely punctate; length
5-7.5 mm. 693. LATA.
dd. Elytra in great part red; thorax coarsely and roughly punctate;
length 4 mm. 694. RUBRIPES.
ec. Antenne more slender, reaching middle of elytra, the joints less
transverse; thorax wholly black; elytra red, the base and sides
narrowly black. 695. PLEURALIS.
bb. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen with a number of sharp, triangular
teeth at apex in male, simple in female; thorax with sides dull red;
elytra in great part red. 696. LUSTRICA.
ad. Form more slender, linear, parallel; mesosternum carinate.
e. Color in great part black or piceous; first three dorsal segments of
abdomen impressed at base.
f. Thorax finely and evenly punctate over its entire surface; elytra
wholly piceous. 697. SCULPTIVENTRIS.
ff. Thorax unevenly punctate, the punctures at middle of disk in two
uneven rows, the space between the rows smooth.
g. Dorsal segments of abdomen »coarsely punctate, especially so in
the basal impressions; elytra each with a large, well defined,
rounded, dull yellow spot at inner angle near suture.
698. BIMACULATA.
gg. Dorsal segments of abdomen finely and more densely punctate;
elytra each indefinitely dull reddish at apex near suture.
699. BIPUSTULATA.
ee. Color pale reddish-brown; first four dorsal segments of abdomen im-
pressed at base. 700. LUCTIFUGA.
698 (2053). ALEocHARA LATA Grvh., Col. Micr. Brunsv., 1802, 186.
Very stout and broad. Deep black, shining,
sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence; tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, strongly rounded at base; sides feebly
curved, converging toward apex, disk minutely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
and about as long as thorax: coarsely. closely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as wide
as elytra, thence feebly but distinctly narrowed
to apex, marked with coarse, sparse, oval punc-
tures. Length 5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 156.)
Southern half of State. frequent. March
24-September 25. Occurs beneath carrion,
Fig. 156. Line shows natural size.
(Original) Mating April 29.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, a00
G4 (——). ALEOCIIARA RUBRIPES, Sp. NOV.
Rather stout. lead. thorax and abdomen black. shining, sparsely
clothed with yellowish hair; elytra dull red, darker along the base and
sides; auntenie and legs reddish-brown. Head more than half the width
of thorax und. like the latter, coarsely, evenly and rather sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax one-half longer than wide. sides broadly rounded into Iase.
Elytra about as wide and long as thorax, rather closely and coarsely pune
tate. Abdomen as broad as elytra, sides parallel; upper surface coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Length 4 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 21.
G5 (——). ALEOCHARA PLEURALIS Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI.
1906, 141.
Rather stout. subparallel. DPiceous black, shining; elytra in great part.
legs and tip of abdomen dull red; antennze fuscous, paler at base, the sec-
end joint much shorter than third. Thorax more than twice as wide as
head, two-thirds wider than long. sides and hind angles rounded ; disk finely
and spursely punetate. Elytra slightly narrower and a little shorter than
thorax, rather finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as
wide as elytra. thence distinetly tapering toward apex: coarsely and sparse-
ly punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm.
Lake. Taporte and Vigo counties: scarce. May 2—July 3. Oc-
curs in fleshy fungi.
ooG (——). ALEOCHARA LUstTRIcA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. TV. 1834.
468; ibid. IT, 585.
Very close to pleuralis. Differs in having the thorax dull re: at sides.
the base and sides of elytra more broadly piceocus. Elytra and abdomen
more coarsely, densely and roughly punctate. Length +6 mm.
Throughout the State; searce. April 15-Ostober 1. Occurs on
fleshy white fungi in dense. damp woods: also beneath carrion.
GOT (9548). ALECCHARA SC ULPTIVENTRIS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIT.
1893, 285.
Rather stout, linear. parallel. Piceous, shining: abdomen black; legs.
basal joints of antenne and sometimes the tips of elytra dull brownish-red.
Antenne reaching beyond base of thorax. the second joint shorter than
third. Thorax twice the width of head, one-half wider than long, the sides
rounded into base. Elytra evidently wider and about the length of thorax,
finely. densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely-
tra, "parallel: the basal impressions cof first three dorsal segments very
large, deep, coarsely and densely punctate. Length °.S-4+.5 mm.
Marion. Qrange and Clark counties: scarce, April 25-Septem-
ber 9. Oceurs cn decaying fungi.
GOS *(2055). ALEocHARA RBIMACTLATA Grvh., Col. Micr. Brunsv.. 1802. 187.
Rather stout. parallel. Black. shining; elytra paler near apex as men-
tioned in key: tibire. tarsi and tips of lower abdominal segments dull brown-
366 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
ish-red. Antenne reaching base of elytra. Thorax more than twice as
wide as head, three-fifths wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk
rather closely and unevenly punctate on sides and with two elongate, shal-
low punctured impressions at middle, the space between them smooth. Itly-
tra slightly narrower and shorter than thorax; densely and coarsely punc-
tate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, densely and coarsely punctate
above. Length 406.5 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. January 1-May 5. Occurs in
horse dung and fungi. Hibernztes beneath logs.
699 (2059). ALEOCHARA BIPUSTULATA Linn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 232.
Rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining, sparsely pubescent ;
elytra with an irregular dull reddish spot at inner angle near suture; legs
piceous, tarsi paler. ‘Thorax as wide as elytra, twice as wide as long, sides
rounded into base, punctate as in bimaculata, the punctures on sides more
coarse and sparse than there. Elytra slightly longer than thorax, rather
coarsely, closely and deeply punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel.
Length 2.5-4 mm.
Beach of Lake Michigan, Lake County; rare. June 6—June 28.
A member of the boreal fauna. A. nitida Grvh. is a synonym, as is
probably also A. verna Say.
700 (9551). ALEOCHARA LUCIFUGA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., VII, 1893,
288.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Pale reddish-brown, shining; head and
dorsal segments of abdomen more or less piceous. Antenne stout, reaching
beyond base of thorax, the second and third joints subequal. Thorax about
one-fourth wider than long, sides evenly rounded, apex narrower than base:
disk finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra very slightly wider
and about as long as thorax, rather coarsely, closely and roughly punctate.
-\bdomen elongate, slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence feebly
tapering to apex; the impressions of basal segments rather coarsely and
closely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.
Two specimens were taken in Truett’s cave, Monroe County,
July 9, about 700 fect from the entrance. They were found be-
neath some moldy chicken benes left hy visitors. Casey, loc. ctt.,
says: ‘‘This interesting species is said to inhabit caves. but as the
eyes are well developed, it probably only seeks their seclusion and
Carkness during the day.’? Garman* says of it and another spe-
cies: ‘Both have pretty well developed eves, and may, therefore,
live at times in ordinary situations, but they are perfectly at home
in the deepest: parts of caves, and are at times very abundant there.
In all my collecting in ordinary situations I have not seen either
species out of doors, and am disposed to consider them true cave
dwellers,”? Mr. Garman is doubtless right, for no beetle is going to
* Psyche, VII, 1894, 81.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. oof
crawl into the deepest recesses of caves each day and emerge again
at night. So far lucifuga has only been found in eaves. and. like
Quedius speluus Torn, has probably inhabited them too short a
time to entirely lose the eves.
Subfamily I]. STAPHYLININAE.
Rather large or medium-sized black or brown species having the
antenne 11-jointed, situated at the front margin of the front:
spiracles of the thorax visible; front coxw large and conical; tro-
chanters of hind leys prominent; abdomen strongly margined. The
principal literature treating of the North emone am species of the
subfamily is as follows:
Horn.—‘* Synopsis of the (juediini of the United States.’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VII, 1878, 149-167.
Horn.— Synopsis of the species of Staphylinus and the more
closely allied Genera inhabiting the United States.’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIT. 1873. 185-200.
LeConte.— ‘Short studies of North American Coleoptera,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VITT. 1880, 168-174. Tabulates the
genera Leptacinus, Yantholinus and Leptolinus.
Horn.— Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal America,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. NJ, 1884. 177-244.
Cascy.—See above under Aleocharine.
Three tribes comprise the subfamily. all of which are repre-
sented in the State.
KEY TO TRIBES OF STAPHYLININE.
a. Side margins of the thorax simple. Tribe I. QUEDIINI, p. UT.
wa. Side margins of the thorax double.
b. Antenne widely separated at base.
Tribe II. STAPHYLININI, p. 373.
bb. Antenne rather close together at hbase: elytra often reddish, and in
most species overlapping along the suture.
Tribe III. XANTHOLININI, p. 394.
Tribe I. QUEDIINI.
The members of this tribe have the antenne inserted at the front
point of the side margin of the front; head usually with a distinct
suture beneath the eves; thorax smooth and glabrous with but few
dorsal punctures. its side margin single and acute; tarsi in our spe-
ejes 5-jointed. Three of the four recognized genera are repre-
sented in the State.
[2b —2sd0r |
368 FAMILY XJI.—S?TAPHYLINID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF QUEDIINI.
a. Antenne elbowed, the first joint elongate; front tarsal claws larger
than the others. i XXVII. AcYLOPHORUS.
au. Antenme straight, first joint not elongate: tarsal claws similar on all
the feet.
b. Palpi awl-shaped; length less than 5 mm. NXNVIIL. HereroTHops.
bb. Palpi filiform; length more than 5 mm. WAIN, CHOEDIUR
XXVII. AcyLopuorus Nordm. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘gland + bearing.’’)
Rather small, spindle-shaped species having the head oval, with
four coarser punctures each side, two over each eye and two behind
these ; antenne reaching base of thorax, the second joint longer than
third; thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, disk with two
punctures each side of middle in front, one at front margin, the
other one-third behind it.
TOL (2091). ACYLOPHORUS FLAVICOLLIS Sachse., Stettin Zeits., 1852, 143.
Black, shining, elytra and abdomen sparsely pubescent; thorax and legs
reddish-yellow ; antennze dusky, the basal joint paler. Head behind the
eyes with numerous tine punctures and short hairs. Elytra together slightly
wider than long, coarsely, rather closely and very roughly punctate. Ab-
domen as wide at base as elytra, thence strongly tapering to apex, coarsely
and rather closely punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Kosciusko and Putnam counties; searee. April 17—-October 17.
Oecur beneath vegetable debris close to water. The fifth dorsal ab-
dominal seginent is often pale at apex.
702 (2092). AcYLOPHoRUS PRONUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 521.
Black, shining; antennz piceous, usually paler at base; legs dull yel-
low, varying to piceous. Otherwise as in flaricollis. Length 4.5-6 mim.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 20—October 31.
NXVII. Wererornops Steph. 1831. (Gr.. ‘‘different + eye.’’)
Small spindle-shaped species having the head with three or four
coarse punctures, the front one nearly at middle of inner margin of
eye; thorax as in Acylophorus, the disk with two punctures on
middle of apical half and two smaller ones on apical margin. Males
with the sixth abdominal segment emareinate. Two of the three
species have heen taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ITETEROTHOPS,
a. Third joint of antemne as long as second, eleventh not longer than ninth
and tenth together; bead with four punctures each side; length 3.5-
4.5 mm. TOR. PUSCULUS,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 369
aa. Third joint of antennze scarcely longer than half the second; eleventh
longer than ninth and tenth together; head with three punctures
each side; length 2.5 min. 704. PUSIO.
703 (2096a). HETEROTHOPS FUSCULTS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1865, 35.
Head black. elytra and abdomen reddish-piceous; thorax, legs and three
basal joints of antenne paler. Antenne longer than head and thorax. the
last joint obliquely truncate at tip. Thorax as wide as long, narrewed in
front, sides nearly straight; base broadly curved. Elytra together slightly
longer than wide. rather finely. not densely punctate. Abdomen more dense-
ly and finely punctate. Length 34.5 mm.
Wolf Lake. Lake County. March 16. Rare. Listed as a variety
of fumigatus, but if the two are distinct the name fusculus has
priority.
704 (2097). HETEROTHOPS PUSIO Lec.. New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863. 35.
Head black, shining; thorax piceous; elytra. abdomen and antenne
dark reddish-brown. pubescent; legs dull yellow. Antenne not longer than
head and thorax, eleventh joint as long as ninth and tenth united. Thorax
as wide as long, narrowed in front. base broadly curved. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax. rather finely and densely punctate: abdomen
at base a little narrower than elytra. thence very feebly tapering to apex.
very finely and densely punctate. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State. common; especially so beneath the dead
leaves surrounding old beech logs in dense lowland woods. April
17-Novemher 28. The basal joints of antenne and last segment of
abdomen are usually pale.
XXIX. Qvepivs Steph. 1531. (L.. “‘filth - to eat.’’)
Medium-sized black or brown. linear or spindle-shaped species.
having the labrum either acutely notched at middle and hence bi-
lobed. or entire and broadly curved or truncate in front: head
marked each side with at least four punctures. one at base of an-
1enne. two above and one behind each eve: thorax usually narrowed
in front. the disk with sides deflexed toward the front angles and in
all species. except ferox and vernix. with a ‘‘dorsal row’’ of three
coarse punctures each side of middle of apical half; often also a sec-
ond row between these and the margin and other smaller ones along
the apical and basal margins. Nineteen species are known from
the United States. ten of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF QUEDIUS.
a. Tarsi above hairy: therax with three discal punctures each side.
b. Labrum bilobed.
e. Hind tibise with distinct spinules on the outer side; scutellum
smooth.
370 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
d. Front of head without punctures.
e, Margin of thorax distinctly flattened; color reddish-brown.
705. SPELAUS,
ec. Margin of thorax not flattened; color wholly or in great part
black or piceous.
f. Head broadly oval.
g. Second joint of antennse shorter than third; length 7-
11 mm. 706. FULGIDUS,
gg. Second joint as long as third; length 5-6 mm.
707. SUBLIMBATUS.
ff. Head elongate, as long as thorax. 708. PEREGRINUS.
dd, Front of head with two punctures; elytra very irregularly pune-
tured. 709. GAPUCINUS,
ec. Hind tibise without spinules; form depressed; elytra without punc-
tures. 710. LASVIGATUS.
bb. Labrum entire, either curved or truneate.
hk. Labrum broadly curved; eyes moderate in size; length 7-12 mmm.
711. MOLOCHINGs.
hh, Labrum truncate; eyes very large, prominent; length 5-G mm.
712. WYPERBOREUS.
au, Tarsi above glabrous: thorax with two diseal punctures each side.
i. Form slender; thorax with sides nearly parallel. 715. FEROX,
di. Form robust; thorax narrowed in front. 714. VERNIX.
705 (2099). QUEDIUS sPpEL&US Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1871, 332.
Elongate, rather slender. Uniform pale red-
dish or chestnut brown, the elytra sometimes
a little darker. Head oval, longer than wide;
eyes small, slightly oblique. Antennze reach-
ing base of thorax, the second joint less than
one-half the length of third. Thorax broader
than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides
feebly, base broadly curved; disk highly pol-
ished, with small punctures along the mar-
sins and base, in addition to the dorsal rows.
Klytra narrower than thorax, together as
wide as long; closely and rather coarsely and
roughly punctate, sparsely pubescent. Ab-
domen narrower than elytra, parallel. Length
10-14 mm. (Fig. 157.)
Tig. 157. (Original.)
Monroe, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent locally in
eaves. April 15-November 6. Oeewrs in decaying organic matter,
usually the excrement of raccoons and other cave visiting verte-
brates, or beneath stones in the vicinity thereof, Although Cope
and Packard both refer to this as a ‘twilight species’? all speci-
mens taken were in total darkness, those in Wyandotte Cave being
1,000 feet from the mouth. As the temperature of the caves is very
much the same the vear round the beetle probably breeds at all
seasons, as the laryve were always found with the adults,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 371
706 (2100). QteEprus FuLemus Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 220.
Moderately elongate. Color variable; usually with head and thorax
black, elytra reddish-brown, antenne, legs and abdomen piceous or dark
reddish-brown. Head oval, polished, with four punctures each side, the
fourth behind the eye with a few smaller punctures around it. Antenne
reaching the middle of thorax, joints 4-10 as wide as long. Thorax slizhtly
wider than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly, base broadly curved; disk
with the usual dorsal rows of three punctures, and others along margins
of apex and base. Elytra as wide as thorax, together wider than long;
surface rather finely, not densely punctate. Abdomen as wide as and more
densely and finely punctured than elytra. Length 7-11 mm.
Marion. Putnam. Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce.
June 11-September 22. The specimens from the last two named
counties were taken in caves and it has been recorded from caves in
Virginia and Kentucky, though it also occurs above ground.
TOT (2101). QUEDIUS sUBLIMBATUS Makl., Bull. Mose., III, 1853, 190.
Elongate, slender. Black, shining; antennz and legs reddish-brown;
elytra usually with the humeri and a narrow space at apex and along the
_ Suture paler. Head oval, with four punctures each side. Thorax wider
than long; sides feebly, base more strongly curved; disk with the usual
rows of dorsal punctures and a few very small ones along the margins.
Elytra as wide as thorax, together longer than wide, rather coarsely, deep-
ly and closely punctate. sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra.
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 5-6 mm.
Steuben County: rare. June 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss
in tamarack swamp. A member of the boreal fauna.
TOS (2102). QUEDIUS PEREGRINUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 53.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Piceous or dark reddish-brown; legs, an-
tenn. and often the last two abdominal segments, paler. Head elonyate-
oval, much longer than wide. Antenne reaching middle of thorax, the sec-
ond joint less than half the length of third. Thorax broader than lonz.
narrower in front; sides feebly, base broadly curved; disk with the usual
dorsal rows of three punctures. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax. a
little longer than wide; rather coarsely, sparsely and shallowly punctate.
sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra. with similar
punctures. Length 6-9 mm.
Marion and Vige counties; scarce. October 5-Devember 25.
Oceurs in fungi and beneath bark.
709 (2103). QUEDIUS cAPUCTNUS Grav., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 40.
Elongate. rather slender. Black or piceous. shining; antenne. legs and
sometimes the elytra dark reddish-brown. Head orbicular or slightly cval.
with the usual four punctures, some smaller ones behind the eve and two
on front between the eyes. Antenne reaching the middle of thorax, the
second joint one-half the length of third. Thorax as in pereyrinus, but
3872 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID®.
with a second row of two or three punctures each side of the dorsal rows.
Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, together a little longer than wide:
very sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather
closely but not coarsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm.
Throughout the State; scaree. March 16—July 16. Occurs in
fleshy fungi in low, damp woods.
710 (2106). QuEDIUS LavicATUS Gyll., Ins. Suec., II, 1810, 306.
Elongate, subparallel. Black or piceous, shining; elytra and margins
of the abdominal segments often reddish-brown. Head broadly oval, punc-
tured as in fulgidus. Antenne reaching middlé@ of thorax, the third joint
twice the length of second. Thorax slightly broader than long, not nar-
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved; disk with a sin-
gle row of dorsal punctures each side. Elytra as wide as thorax, together
a little longer than wide, surface smooth. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, sparsely and finely punctured and pubescent. Length 5-9 mm.
Marion County; rare. April 6. Occurs beneath bark.
711 (2107). QuvEDIUS MOLOcHINUS Gray., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 46.
Elongate, parallel. Head and thorax black, shining; remainder of body
dark reddish-brown. Head oval, with a row of five or six punctures each
side. Antenne rather slender, reaching nearly to base of thorax, second
joint one-third shorter than third. Thorax slightly wider than long, nar-
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved; disk with the
usual rows of dorsal punctures and two others each side, placed trans-
versely. Scutellum punctured. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, to-
gether a little wider than long, densely and rather coarsely punctured and
clothed with brownish hair. Length 7-12 mm.
Kosciusko. Vigo and Orange counties; scaree. April 23—De-
cember 15.
712 (2108). QuUEpIUS HyPEKBoREUS Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 547.
Rather short, robust. Piceous, shining; elytra brownish, often with a
tinge of bronze; antenne and legs pale. Head orbicular, strongly narrowed
behind, smooth, except four punctures each side. Fyes very large, oval.
longer than wide. Antenne slender, reaching basal third of thorax, the
second and third joints subequal. Thorax as wide as long. narrowed in
front, punctured as in molochinus. Elytra as wide as thorax. together as
wide as long, rather densely and finely punctate. Abdomen a little more
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Male with sixth ventral triangularly notched
and front femora strongly dilated. Length 5-6 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
A member of the boreal fauna.
718 (2114). Qurpius rerox Lec., Proe. Amer. Phil. Soe. XVII, 1S78, 388.
Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining; antenne and legs dark red-
dish-brown to piceous. Head orbicular, with the usual row of four eoarse
punctures and numerous smaller ones above and behind the eves. Antenne
slender, reaching base of thorax, the third joint three times the length of
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 373
second. ‘Thorax quadrangular, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly
straight, base rounded, disk with only two punctures in the dorsal rows, a
large one near side margin of apical half and a few on basal margin. Ely-
tra slightly wider than thorax, together one-half longer than wide; disk
With a median row of four or tive punctures; detiexed portion of side mar-
gins densely punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather coarsely and densely
punctate. Length s-11 mm.
Western half of State; frequent. April 1-November 24. Oc
curs beneath cover, especially in sandy places near water.
‘14 (2115). QUEDIUs veRNIX Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Suc.. NVIL, 1S7S. 389.
More robust. Uniform black, strongly shining. Head oval. with the
usual course punctures, the small ones only behind and beneath the eyes.
Thorax large, broader than long, narrower in front; sides moderately
curved, base broadly rounded; disk punctate as in fcru.c, punctures of basal
margin very small. Elytra as wide as thorax, together slightly wider than
long, sutural strie deep; disk punctate as in ferou, those on the deflexed
sides less numerous. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely punctate. Length 12-
14 mim.
Western half of State. as far south as Vigo County; frequent.
especially so along the margins of lakes. April 2-Neptember 27.
Tribe Il, STAPHYLININI.
Head without suture or raised line each side beneath the eves.
Antenne distant from each other at base, never elbowed, inserted
on the front margin of the front, inside of the base of the mandi-
bles; labrum always bilobed, thorax more or less convex, frequently
densely punctured, with the side margins double, the inflexed por-
tion between the two marginal lines smooth, variable in width; tho-
racie spiracles visible. The tribe embraces the largest species of
the family. They live in decaying fungi, carrion, dung and decom-
posing organic matter in general.
The North American members of the tribe are at present dis-
tributed among 13 genera, seven of which are represented in In-
diana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF STAPHYLININI.
a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi shorter than third; size large, 10 or
more mm.
uv. Thorax punctured, densely pubescent. XXX. LisrorRoPHts.
bb. Thorax smooth, pubescent only on front angles; middle coxz widely
separated. XXNXI. CREOPHILUs.
ad. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi equal to or longer than third.
e, Ligula emarginate; size larger, 11 or more min.; form usually robust.
d, Middle coxie slightly separated; abdumen narrowed at tip; thorax
punctured, pubescent. KANAITIL STAPHYLINS.
374 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
dd. Middle coxee contiguous; abdomen very long, parallel.
XXXIII. OcyPus.
ec, Ligula entire; size usually smaller, rarely over 10 mm.; form more
slender.
c«. Fenmora spinous beneath; abdomen bicolored, head and thorax
black. XXXIV. BELONUCHUS.
ee, Femora unarmed; colors not as above; labial palpi slender.
f. First joint of hind tarsi as long as or longer than the fifth; last
joint of maxillary palpi slender and needle-shaped.
XXXV. PHILONTHUS.
ff. Wirst joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth, joints 1-4, de
creasing gradually in length; last joint of maxillary palpi elon-
gate, conical. XXXVI. ACTOBIUS.
XXX. ListotropHus Perty. 1830.
Antenne slender, reaching middle of thorax, not subclavate to-
ward apex as in Creophilus. Side marginal lines of thorax uniting
in front. One of the two known species occurs in the State.
715 (2116). ListorroPpHuUs cCINGULATUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 166.
Elongate, robust. Dark brown or piceous, densely clothed with golden.
grayish-brown and blackish pubescence, the black hairs forming irregular
spots on bead, thorax and abdomen; metasternum and tip of abdomen
golden; antennze dusky, the basal joints, tibis and tarsi reddish-brown.
Head as wide as or wider than thorax, densely punctate; eyes large. Thorax
as wide as long, widest at apex. sides rounded into base; disk densely and
finely punctate. Elytra slightly wider but not much longer than thorax,
densely and finely granulate. Abdomen narrower than elytra, sparsely and
coarsely punctate. Length 13-18 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. May 6—-September 12.
XXXII. Creopuimus Mann. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘flesh + to love.’’)
Antenne scarcely longer than head, the outer joints gradually
broader, the terminal one longer but narrower than the tenth and
emarginate at apex; side marginal lines of thorax not uniting in
front, the outer one becoming obsolete one-third from the front
angle.
716 (2119). Greorintius virtosus Gray., Mon. Gol. Mier., 1806, 160.
Elongate, robust. Black. shining; second and third, and °
sometimes the fourth abdominal segments in great part
densely clothed with yellowish-gray hairs; a broad median.
serrate cross-band on elytra composed of similar hairs.
Thorax suborbicular, truncate in front, disk wholly smooth.
elytra one-third wider and one-half longer than thorax,
finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra.
Length 12-21 mm. (ig. 158.) ii aa es
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 375
Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-July 19. Occurs on
decaying fungi and carrion.
XNNNIT. StrapHyninve Linn. 1758. (Gr., ‘fa kind of insect.’’)
Usually large, robust species. having the middle coxal cavities
always separated, sometimes very narrowly, by the mesosternum ;
head as wide as or wider than thorax; abdomen more or less taper-
ing; color brown or dull black. Of the 22 species listed from the
United States the following are known from or probably oceur in
Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STAPHYLINUS.
a. Head suborbicular, its hind angles rounded; sides of thorax behind the
middle sinuate; scutellum pubescent, not velvety.
b. Constriction of neck not deeply impressed above; abdomen entirely
black. its segments beneath densely punctured and with golden
pubescence along their front margins. 717. BADIPES.
bb. Constriction of neck deep above and with golden pubescence; abdo-
men beneath very sparsely punctate. ERYTHROPTERUS.
aa. Head usually subtriangular, suddenly narrowed behind, its hind angles
obtusely prominent; sides of thorax curved behind the middle, never
sinuate; scutellum velvety.
c. Thorax densely and regularly punctured over the entire surface, ex-
cept at times a smooth median line.
d. Front half of abdominal segments beneath densely and finely punc-
tate and clothed with golden pubescence.
e. Abdominal segments above with golden pubescence at base and
sides; elytra uniform reddish-brown. 718. VULPINUS.
ce. Abdominal segments above with double row of dark velvety
spots at middle; elytra brown with elongate fuscous spots.
719. MACULOSUS.
dd. Front half of abdominal segments beneath not or but little more
densely punctate than apical half and without golden pubes-
cence.
f. Thorax subopaque, very densely punctate, the pubescence very
evident.
g. Flytra brownish or piceous; tip of abdomen always paler.
h. Byes normal; femora piceous; thorax without smooth me-
dian line. 720. MYSTICUs.
hh. Byes large, two-thirds the length of head; femora pale yel-
lowish above, piceous beneath. FEMORATUS.
gy. Flytra black, sometimes with golden spot; abdomen wholly
black.
i. Abdomen above with a double row of small velvety spots;
elytra entirely black, simply punctate. 721. TosENTosUs.
ii. Abdomen above without velvety spots; elytra usually with
a large golden pubescent spot, roughly punctate.
722, FOSSATOR.
376 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.®.
ff. Thorax shining, punctures distinctly separate, pubescence scarce-
ly evident.
j. Upper surface brownish or piceous, not metallic.
hk. Head, thorax and elytra pale reddish-brown.
723. CINNAMOPTERUS.
kk. Entire upper surface piceous. 724. COMES.
jj. Body above with more or less metallic lustre.
i. Legs entirely black; head, thorax and elytra violet.
725, VIOLACEUS.
ll. Legs bicolored; head, thorax and elytra bronzed.
VIRIDANUS.
ce. Thorax as wide as long, coarsely and irregularly punctured, with
smooth spaces in front on each side and at middle near base; color
decidedly bronzed. EXULANS.
717 (2124). STapHyLinus BapIPes Lec., N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1868, 36.
BHlongate, rather slender. Black or blackish-piceous; antenne and legs
reddish-brown. Head densely punctured; antenne slightly longer than
head. Thorax longer than wide, a little narrower than head; disk densely
punctate with a smooth median line. Elytra together slightly wider than
long, densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
segments one to five above each with a small spot of golden pubescence at
the middle of the front margin. Length 13-17 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 1-May 5. Taken from beneath cover
on the beach of Lake Michigan near Pine; also near Hessville. A
species of northern range.
S. erythropterus Linn., 13.5 mm. in length. piceous, with elytra
and legs pale, has been taken at Detroit. Michigan, and probably
occurs in the northern third of Indiana.
718 (2130). STaAPHYLINUS VULPINUS Nordm., Symb. Mon. Staph., 1837, 53.
Elongate, robust. Head, elytra and legs uniform pale reddish-brown;
thorax and antenns darker brown; abdomen piceous, the last ventral seg-
ment reddish-brown. Antenne slightly longer than head. Thorax as wide
as head, as broad as long, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved, disk
densely punctate, with a trace of a smooth median line behind the middle.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, as broad as long, very densely punc-
tured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, finely punctu-
late. Length 15-18 mm.
Throughout the State; searce. April I1-Septemhber 25. Occurs
beneath dead leaves and other vover, especially along the sandy
margins of lakes and pends.
T19 *(2131). SrarnyLinus MAcUTOSUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 165.
Resewnbles vulpinus in form and structure. Color darker brown: ely:
tra and upper surface of abdomen variegated with fuscous spots: base of
antenne, tibime, tarsi and tip of abdomen pale; femora piceous, with edges
paler. Length 18-25 mm. (Tig. 159, a,)
TITE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BRETLES, B44
Throughout the State; frequent. April 28-December 18. Oc-
curs in carrion, decaying fungi and dung. Hibernates beneath
partly buried logs near a food supply.
720 (2132), SraPHyLincs Mysvicus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 920.
Mcderately elongate, rather robust. Dark brown to piceous, subopaque :
tibise. tarsi, basal joints of antenn:e and tip of abdomen reddish-brown.
Thorax not wider than head, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly straight.
base broadly curved. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together as wide
as long, densely punctate and clothed with brownish hairs. Abdomen as
wide as elytra, above densely punctate, sparsely clothed with brownish and
yellow hairs; segments two to six with a double row of small velvety spots.
Length 16-20 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. April 15-October 4. Occurs be-
neath cover in upland sandy woods.
SN. femoratus Fab., a southern form, 15 mm. in length, has been
taken by Dury near Cincinnati and probably occurs sparingly in
southern Indiana.
721 *(2185). STAPHYLINUS TOMENTOSUS Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 161.
Resembles mysticus in form and structure. Color wholly uniform black,
opaque; thorax, elytra and abdomen sparsely clothed with short, black
(rarely brownish) pubescence. Antenne in both species reaching middle
of thorax. Head and thorax in both very densely and regularly punctate.
the punctures of head coarser than those of thorax. Length 14-16 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 6—-October 21. Oc-
curs especially along the beaches of lakes, feeding on decaying fish;
also on fungi.
722 (2186). SrTapHyYLINUs rossaTor Gray., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 164.
Elongate, rather robust. Black, subopaque; antenne and legs piceous;
elytra usually with a large spot of golden pubescence on the outer apical
angles. Head, antenne and thorax much as in mysticus, the punctures of
head coarser; the thorax with a narrow, smooth median line on basal half.
Elytra as wide as thorax, together as broad as long, densely and roughly
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent,
densely and finely punctate. Length 13-17 mm.
Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. August 5-August 21.
Occurs in decaying fleshy fungi.
723 *(2138). STAPHYLINUS CINNAMOPTERUS Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806,
“164,
Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax, elytra, tibie, tarsi, apical mar-
gins of abdominal segments and entire last segment, brownish-red; antennze,
under surface, femora and abdomen in great part piceous. Antenne a lit-
tle longer than head, slightly paler toward the tip. Thorax as wide as
378 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
head, sides straight or feebly curved, base broadly curved; disk coarsely
and rather closely punetate, with a narrow, entire smooth median line.
Klytra slightly wider than thorax, densely punctulate, sparsely pubescent.
Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, slightly iridescent, more coursely
punctate beneath than above. Length 12--13.5 min.
‘
Throughout the State; common. February 22—December &.
Oveurs on fungi and beneath bark; hibernates beneath logs, mullein
leaves, ete. The specimens taken in Lake County by Wolcott along
the beach of Lake Michigan average larger and have the femora
wholly reddish-brown. They indicate a distinct race.
724 (2137). STapHyLinus comegs Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 36.
Resembles the preceding in form and size. Piceous, feebly shining;
tibie, tarsi and tip of abdomen pale. Head broader, more coarsely and
confluently punctate and more pubescent than in cinnamopterus. Abdomen
with an indistinct double row of velvety spots above and sometimes with a
pale yellowish spot each side on segments one to five below. Otherwise as
in the preceding. Length 11.5-12.5 mm. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna.
Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April 19-June 9. Oc-
eurs beneath dung.
725 (2189). SrapHyLINus vioLacevs Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 132.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; head, thorax and elytra dark
violet blue to cupreous. Antennze piceous, slightly longer than head. Thorax
us wide as head, as wide as long, sides feebly, base more broadly curved;
disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctured and with a distinct, smooth
median line. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, densely punctulate, sparse-
ly pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, iridescent, densely and finely
punctate at base, more coarsely and sparsely toward apex. Length 12-
14 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-August 19. Occurs
on fungi, at carrion and beneath bark and logs. The base of ab-
domen above is sparsely clothed with silver-gray pubescence which
is plainly visible only in a side light.
S. viridanus Horn, 15-16 mm. in length, occurs from New Eng-
land to Michigan and has been taken near Cincinnati. 8. exulans
Erichs., 11-14 mm. in length, is said to range from Canada to Geor-
gia. Both species probably occur sparingly in the State.
XXXIII. Ocyrus Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘swift +foot.’’)
One elongate, parallel species, having the middle coxe not sepa-
rated by the mesosternum and the last joint of the labial palpi oval,
dilated, occurs in the Eastern United States and Indiana.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 379
726 (2144). Ocypus aTER Gray., Mon. Col. Micr.. 1806, 166.
Black, shining: tibise, tarsi and basal half
of antenne piceous. Antenn:e slender, reach-
ing middle of thorax. Head distinetly broud-
er than long. finely and sparsely punctate.
Thorax longer than broad. slightly narrower
than head: sides nearly straight. rounded
into base: disk finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra a little wider than thorax, together
slightly longer than wide, finely and densely a b
punctate. sparsely pubescent. Abdomen slight- Fig. 159. (After Knobel.)
ly narrower than elytra, above coarsely and rather closely punctate on
basal half, more finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 15-17.5 mm.
(Fig. 159, b.)
Vigo and Posey counties: rare. May 11—July 5. Occurs be-
neath stones and other cover near water.
XXNIV. BELtoxcenuts Nordm. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘a dart+to have."’)
One small black and vellow species having the femora armed be-
neath with a row of fine, slender spines. occurs in the State.
727 (2146). BreLoxtcuts Forwosts Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 72.
Elongate, slender. WReddish-yellow; head, thorax and last two seg-
ments of abdomen black, shining. Antenne reaching middle of thorax.
fuscous, the three basal joints piceous, apical one paler. Head slightly
broader than thorax, cuarsely and very sparsely punctate and with a length-
wise impression between the bases of antenne. ‘Thorax slightly longer than
wide. sides nearly straight, rounded into base; disk with a row of five deep
punctures each side of middle. and with about six others between these
and margins. Scutellum piceous. coarsely punctured. LElytra one-half
wider and slightly longer than thorax. finely and sparsely punctate. Ab-
domen slightly parrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent, the dorsal seg-
ments punctured on their basal halves. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Southern half of State; common. April 1j—November 10. Oc-
curs at maple and other sap. in decaying fungi and carrion, and
rarely on flowers.
‘
XNXNV_ Prmonturs Curt. 1830. (Gr.. ‘“‘a lover of dung.’’)
A large group of small, slender beetles distinguished from allied
genera only by the characters given in the generic key. The tho-
ine, in the great majority of species. is marked on the middle of the
disk with a double row of dorsal punctures. and the number of
punetures in these rows is used in separating the genus into groups.
380 FAMILY X1.—STAPHYLINIDA.
The puncture on the apical margin in front of each of these rows is
not counted as belonging to the diseal or dorsal row, but to the mar-
ginal series.
The males in most species have the front tarsi more or less di-
lated and rather pubescent beneath and the terminal ventral seg-
ment always more or less emarginate. For convenience the genus
was divided by Horn into five groups, all of which are represented
in Indiana.
KEY TO GROUPS OF THE GENUS PHILONTHUS.
av, Thorax with distinct and regular rows of dorsal punctures.
b. Front tarsi more or less dilated and silken pubescent beneath.
ec. Three punctures in each dorsal row. Group A.
ec. Four punctures in each dorsal row. Group B.
cece. Five punctures in each dorsal row. Group C.
bb. Front tarsi filiform in both sexes and finely spinose beneath; dorsal
rows of punctures regular but varying in number. Group Dd.
aa. Thorax irregularly punctured, no distinct dorsal rows; front tarsi di-
lated. Group L.
GRouP A.
In this group the front tarsi are dilated and the diseal rows
contain but three punctures each. The following species have been
taken or should occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Thorax not narrowed in front, as wide as long; larger, 6 or more mm.
b. Hlevated line at base of each of the first three dorsal segments of
abdomen in the form of a brace, ~,—; abdomen above eoarsely
punctured; last ventral of male with a triangular notch.
728. POLITUs.
bb. Basal lines of dorsal segments straight.
ce. Black or piceous, elytru more or less bronzed.
d. Elytra shining, closely punctured; thorax with a peculiar golden
iridescence at base. SERICINUS.
dd. Elytra rather sparsely and finely punctate; head oval, not wider
than long; legs reddish-brown. 729. UMBRATILIS.
ce. Bicolored; black, thorax and base of abdomen red.
730. LETULUS.
wa. Thorax narrowed in front; elevated line at base of dorsal segments
straight.
e. Hlytra black, distinctly bronzed, roughly punctate. ASPER.
ee. Elytra dark or dull yellow, not bronzed, simply punctate.
731. HEPATICUS.
728 (2149). Putrontuvs potrrus Linn., Faun. Suec., 1746, 843.
Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; elytra bronzed, sparsely pu-
beseent. Antenne piceous, reaching base of thorax, joints 5-10 broader
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 381
than long. Head feebly bronzed, sparsely punctate behind the eyes. Thorax
slightly broader than long, sides sinuate behind the middle, then rounded
into base. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together almost square;
Sparsely and rather finely punctured. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate above, more sparsely beneath;
last ventral segment with a small triangular notch in male. Length 10-
12.5 mm.
Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. April 17-June 27. Occurs
in stable manure.
P. sericinus Horn, 11 mm. in length, is known from Canada,
Pennsylvania and Texas, and therefore should occur in Indiana.
729 (2156). PHILONTHUS UMBRATILIS Grav., Micr., 1802, 170.
Rather slender, subfusiform. Black, moderately shining; elytra feebly
bronzed, sparsely clothed with brownish hairs. Head subquadrate, punc-
tured near the hind angles. Antenne piceous, slightly longer than head
and thorax, joints 5 to 10 a little longer than wide. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, sides nearly straight, dorsal punctures deep. Elytra wider than
thorax, together nearly square, finely and rather closely punctate. Abdo-
men more finely and less densely punctate than elytra. Last ventral of
male deeply notched. Length 7-8 mm.
Koseiusko County: rare. July 24. Taken from beneath rub-
bish on shores of Lake Wawasee. A boreal species which also oc-
eurs in Europe.
730 (2157). PuHitontHus Latuus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TV, 1834,
449; ibid. II, 564.
Elongate, slender. Head. elytra and three apical segments of abdomen
black; thorax. femora and three basal segments of abdomen dull red; tibie
and tarsi piceous. Thorax nearly square, narrower than head; sides sin-
uate behind middle, then rounded into base. Elytra slightly wider and
one-third longer than thorax, sparsely and finely punctate, very sparsely
pubescent. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm.
Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 13-September 12.
Occurs in fungi.
P. asper Horn. 8.5 mm. in length, has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati and very probably occurs in southern Indiana. It is found
in the stems of mushrooms.
731 (2167). PHILonTHUs uErPaticts Erichs.. Gen. Spee. Staph., 1840, 451.
Slender. subfusiform. Head black; thorax and elytra dark brown, the
latter sometimes dull yellow; abdomen and under surface piceous. An-
tennewe slender, reaching base of thorax, piceous. the two basal joints and
legs pale yellowish. Head small, oval, narrower than thorax, with a very
few coarse punctures, two of which are on the front between the eyes.
Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight. Elytra wider than thorax,
382 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
finely but not densely punctured, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs.
Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, more finely and densely punctate.
Male with last ventral acutely aud deeply notched. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 8-August 15. Occurs
on fungi and beneath dead leaves and logs. The abdominal seg-
ments have their apical margins always paler.
Group B.
In this group the front tarsi are dilated and there are four
punctures in each of the dorsal rows of thorax. The males are
readily separated by the notch of the last ventral segment.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Front tarsi of males very broadly dilated, sometimes plate-like.
b. Thorax oval, distinctly narrowed in front; elytra black or piceous,
coarsely not closely punctured; length 6.5-8 mm. 732. UMBRINUS.
bb. Thorax quadrangular, very little narrowed in front.
c. Elytra clear red, very sparsely and rather finely punctate.
733. PALLIATUS.
ce. Elytra black or piceous, at least moderately punctate.
d. Black; last ventral of male with a rather deep, lengthwise im-
pression extending nearly to its base. 734. QUADRICOLLIS.
dd. Brownish or piceous; last ventral of male without a lengthwise
impression; legs and basal joints of antenne pale.
735. DEBILIS.
«a. Front tarsi of males moderately dilated, sometimes very little wider
than in the female.
e. Larger, 5-7.5 mm.; antenne slender, the outer joints longer than
wide.
f. Elytra rather densely punctured; abdomen very distinctly punc-
tured. VARIANS.
ff. Elytra sparsely punctured, slightly bronzed; abdomen very indis-
tinctly punctured. 736. LONGICORNIS.
ee. Smaller, not over 5 mm.; antenne slender, outer joints quadrate.
g. Thorax as wide as long; hindmost dorsal puncture distant from
the third. DISCOIDEUS.
gg. Thorax longer than wide; punctures equidistant. THERMARUM.
732 (2169). PHILONTHUS UMBRINUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 169.
Moderately elongate, rather robust. Body black, strongly shining; legs
piceous or dull brownish-yellow. Antenne reaching middle of thorax, joints
4-10 gradually shorter and wider than long. Head subquadrate, front with
two pairs of punctures above each eye; hind angles sparsely punctate.
Thorax convex, slightly longer than wide, the hindmost puncture somewhat
distant from the third. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely clothed
with brownish hairs. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely and rather coarsely
punctate. Last ventral segment of male deeply notched, the margins of
the notch grooved. Length 6.5-8 mm.
Vigo County; rare. July 1. Taken from decaying fleshy fungi.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 383
733 (2171). PHILonTHus PaLtIAtus Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 53.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; elytra. legs and base of
antenne dull reddish-yellow. Antenne piceous, not reaching base of thorax.
joints 5-10 nearly square. Thorax slightly longer than wide, dorsal punc-
tures large, deep and equidistant. Elytra scarcely wider and not longer
than thorax, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra.
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Male with last ventral broadly and shal-
lowly notched at apex. Length 6—6.5 mm.
Laporte, Starke and Putnam counties; rare. July 10—-August
20. Occurs beneath cover near water.
734 (2175). PHILONTHUS QUADRICOLLIS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI,
1884, 194.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; antenne and legs piceous,
the former reaching base of thorax. Head with a few coarse punctures be-
hind the eyes and two on middle of front. Thorax slightly wider than
head, a little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely.
not densely punctate; surface feebly bronzed, sparsely pubescent. Abdo-
men as wide as elytra. above sparsely and finely punctate at base, more
densely toward apex. Length 5-7 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; less so southward. May 8-
September 17. Occurs in fungi.
735 (2177). PHILONTHUS DEBILIS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 35.
Elongate, slender. Brownish-piceous to nearly black; legs reddish-
brown. the tibis and tarsi darker; antenne piceous, reaching middle of
thorax, the two basal joints paler. Thorax wider than head, not longer
than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely
punctate, feebly pubescent. Abdomen above finely and sparsely punctate,
beneath more coarsely punctate, the margins of the segments paler; last
ventral of male deeply notched, the margins of the notch grooved. Length
5-6 mm.
Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties; rare. April 7—July 24.
736 (2179). PHILONTHUS LONGICORNIS Steph., Illus. Brit. Ent.. V, 237.
Subfusiform, rather robust. Black, shining. sparsely pubescent. Head
oval, hind angles punctured; antennez piceous, as long as head and thorax,
joints 4 to 10 slightly longer than broad. Thorax oval, a little longer than
wide, distinctly narrowed in front; sides nearly straight; dorsal punctures
deep, the hind ones more distant. Elytra wider than thorax. slightly wider
than long; rather densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen above finely
and densely punctured, more so at the bases of the segments; iridescent
and more densely punctate beneath. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. October 21. In the only specimen at
hand the dorsal punctures of thorax are four on one side and five on
the other.
[25—23402]
384 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.E.
P varians Payk., 5-6.5 mm.: P. discoideus Grav., 4-5.5 mm., and
P. thermaniun Aubé, 3 mm. in leneth, all have a known distribution
which should bring them within the limits of the Indiana fauna,
but no one of them is represented in the collection at hand.
Group C.
In this group the punctures of the dorsal rows of thorax are five
in number and the front tarsi of males are rather widely dilated;
those of females more narrowly dilated.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIFS OF GROUP ¢.
a. Males with the last two ventral segments notched at apex; color vari-
able; surface densely punctate: length 4.5-5.5 min. ALUMNUS.
aa. Males with the last segment only notched.
b. Elytra red.
c. Thorax entirely red. distinctly narrowed in front, much wider than
head and as broad as the base of elytra. 737. THORACICUS.
ce, Thorax black.
d. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front; body spindle-sbaped.
738. FUSIFORMIS.
dd. Thorax scarcely narrowed in front; form parallel; legs and base
of antenne pale yellow. 739. FULVIPES.
bb. Elytra black or piceous.
e. Legs and antenne wholly black; elytra black; length 10 mm.
740. SCEIIWARZI.
ee. Legs and base of antenns paler; general color piceous.
f. Head oval, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes.
g. Elytra and abdomen opaque, very densely and finely punc-
tured; antenne rather short and stout; joints 5-10 broader
than long; length 4.5-5 mm. 741. MICANS,
ay. Elytra more or less shining, neither densely nor finely punc-
tate.
h. Antenne slender, the joints all longer than wide; length
6.5-8 mm.
7, Basal joint of antenne pale; abdomen not coarsely punc-
tate. 742. LOMATUS.
i, Antennie entirely piceous; elytra more coarsely, abdomen
more sparsely, punctate than in Jomatus. CUNCTANS.
Hh. Antenne shorter, the outer joints not longer than wide; ab-
domen quite coarsely punctured ; length 5 mm. -EQUALIS.
ff. Wead quadrate, not narrowed behind the eyes; abdomen finely
puncetulate ; elytra brownish ; length 5 mm. 743. BRUNNEUS.
787 (2184). Prumbontius 'rrroractcus Gray., Mon, Col. Mier.. 1806, 170.
Slender, subfusiform. Piccous, shining; thorax and elytra dull red:
legs and three basal joints of antenne brownish-yellow. Antenne reaching
beyond base of thorax. joints all longer than wide. Thorax described in
key. Ilytra together broader than long, not longer than thorax, rather
oO
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 38
densely and finely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide at base
as elytra. thence tapering to apex, less densely and more cvarsely punc-
tured. Length 7.5-\ mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. April 22-August 12. Taken
from beneath stones and logs.
T3S (2185). PHILONTHUS FUsiFORMIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
TI, ISH. 3s.
Moderately elongate. fusiform. Head and thorax black, strongly shin-
ing; elytra dull red; antenne. under surface and abdomen piceous; legs
brownish-yellow. Antenne reaching base of thorax, all the joints longer
than wide. two basal ones paler. Thorax wider than head, not longer than
wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide,
rather coarsely and closely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide
at base as elytra. thence feebly tapering to apex, sparsely and coarsely
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Lake and Putnam counties: rare. April 10-June 15.
789 (2186). PHILONTHUS FULVIPES Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1785. 526.
Slender, parallel. Head. thorax and abdomen black, shining; elytra
pale red; antennz and under surface piceous. Antenne reaching base of
thorax, joints 5-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly wider than head, a
little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little
wider than long. rather sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide at
base as elytra. sides almost parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely
punctate. Length 6.5 mm.
Starke County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath cover in
sandy woodland pasture.
740 (2188). PHILONTHUs scHwarzI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc... XI,
iss4. 201.
Robust, fusiform. Uniform black. shining. Antenne slightly longer
than head and thorax, joints all longer than wide. Head small, orbicular.
sparsely punctured behind the eres. Thorax much wider than head, not
longer than wide. narrower in front; dorsal punctures fine and equidistant.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax. together a jittle wider than long, densely.
finely and roughly punctate. Abdomen feebly iridescent. more coarsely and
sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 9-10 mm.
Wolf Lake and Pine. Lake County; frequently locally. March
26-May 21. Taken by Wolcott from beneath cover on sandy
beaches. One of our largest and most robust species of Philonthus.
Recorded heretofore only from Massachusetts and Detroit, Mich-
igan.
741 (2196). PHILonNTHUS MicaNs Grav., Mon. Col. Micr.. 106. 25.
Elongate. slender. Head piceous; elytra and abdomen brownish or
piceous: legs dull yellow. Antenne reaching base of thorax, piceous, the
basal joint paler. Thorax much wider than head, as broad as long. slightly
386 FAMILY XI.—-STAPHYLINIDZ.
narrowed in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely punc-
tured, subopaque, finely pubescent. Abdomen parallel, slightly iridescent,
densely and rather finely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Steuben. Vigo, Lawrence, Posey and Crawford counties; rare.
April 22—-October 7.
742 (2197). PHitonrHus Lomatus Brichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1540, 452.
Moderately elongate, more robust than in micans. Head black, shin-
ing; thorax and elytra black or dark brown, bronzed; under surface and
ubdomen piceous, the margins of the ventral segments paler; legs dull yel-
low. Antenne nearly half the length of body. Thorax oval, longer than
wide, narrowed in front. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, together
one-third longer than wide; rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen
more sparsely punctate and as wide at base as elytra, thence feebly but
distinctly tapering to apex. Male with front tarsi rather broadly dilated
and last ventral with a triangular notch. Length 6.5-8 mm.
Throughout the State; one of the most common of the Staphy-
linids. March 17—October 14. Occurs beneath cover, more com-
monly in low moist. places.
P. alumnus Erichs. and P. cunctans Horn are species of south-
ern range, which may perhaps be found in southern Indiana. P.
wqualis is a member of the boreal fauna which may inhabit the
northern counties of the State.
743 * (2200). PHILONTHUS BRUNNEUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 172.
Short, rather robust. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous, shining; legs
and basal joints of antenne dull yellow; apical margins of ventral seg-
ments paler. Antennz reaching middle of thorax, joints 4-10 as wide as
long. Thorax slightly wider than head, longer than wide, feebly narrowed
in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely, finely and roughly
punctate. Abdomen densely and finely punctate above, more sparsely and
coarsely beneath. Apex of last ventral of male with a large oval notch.
Length 5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 13—December 8. Oc-
curs in fungi and beneath rubbish in damp woods; also at carrion.
Group D.
In this group the front tarsi in both sexes are not at all dilated
and the under surface of the tarsal joints bears sparse, short, stiff
hairs, while in the preceding groups the under surface is thickly
clothed with silken hairs. The dorsal punctures are variable in
niumber.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP D,
a. Dorsal punctures three,
b. Thorax wider than long; elytra metallic blue or green.
744. CYANIPENNIS.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 387
bb. Thorax oval, as long or longer than wide, not or but slightly nar-
rowed in front.
c. Species bicolored.
dq. Blueblack ; thorax and base of abdumen reddish-vellow,
745. BLANDUs.
dd. Piceous; elytra red, nearly smooth. QUEDIINUs.
ec. Species not bicolored.
c. Entirely black, elytra bronzed; abdomen distinctly punctate.
f. Notch of last ventral of male oval. 746. SORDIDUS.
ff. Notch of last ventral triangular. CEPHALOTES.
ee. Piceous or fuscous yellow, head black; abdomen sparsely punc-
tured beneath. INQUIETUs.
aa. Dorsal punctures more than three.
gv. Tdorsal punctures four.
h. Thorax nearly square; length 5 mm. TAT. VENTRALIS.
hh. Thorax longer than wide. its sides parallel; elytra black, as long
or longer than thorax. nearly smooth at sides and base.
FALLACIOSUS.
gg. Dorsal punctures five; thorax oblong, notably longer than wide.
i. Piceous or brownish.
j. Last ventral of male without a notch but with a channel ex-
tending the entire length of the segment. T4s8. PARVUS.
jj. Notch of last ventral distinct, broad, semicircular.
749. MICROPTHALMUS.
ii, Black, shining; notch of last ventral very feeble and with a long
triangular smooth space. 750. NIGRITULUS.
ggg. Dorsal punctures seven or eight. 761. MULTIPCNOTATUS,
744 (2201). PHILONTHUS CYANIPENNIS Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1785. 525.
Elongate, robust. Black, shining; elytra metallic blue; antenne and
tarsi piceous. Head large, quadrate, as wide or wider than thorax, coarse-
ly punctured behind the eyes. Thorax oval, slightly narrower in front.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together broader than long, coarsely and
rather densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen iridescent, more
coarsely and sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 12-15 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 27-October 23. Oc-
eurs on fleshy fungi.
745 (2202). PHILoNTHUs BLaNDUs Grav.. Mon. Col. Mier.. 1806, 72.
Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and apical half of abdomen black.
shining, often with a bluish tinge; thorax, base of abdomen and legs red-
dish-yellow; antennze piceous. Head subquadrate. sparsely punctured be-
hind the eyes. Thorax scarcely wider than head, sides sinuate near base.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax. together one-fourth longer than wide.
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, very sparsely
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 11-October 31. Occurs in
leathery fungi on beech and elm stumps.
SRS FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
P quediinus Horn, 6 mm. in length. was described from Detroit
and Kansas and should, therefore, oecur in Indiana.
746 (2204). Puirontrucs sorpripus Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 176.
Elongate, slender. Black, shining; elytra bronzed; antennz and legs
piceous, the former shorter than head and thorax, joints 5-10 wider than
long. Thorax not wider than head, slightly wider than long, not narrowed
in front. Elytra a little wider than thorax, coarsely, roughly and sparsely
punctate. Abdomen parallel, more finely and sparsely punctate than elytra.
the ventral segments with their apical margins paler. Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Marion County; searee. April 12. Taken from beneath ear-
rion,
P. cephalotes Grav., length 6-7.5 mm.; P. inquwietus Erichs.,
length 5 mm., and P. fallaciosus Florn, length + mm., all have a
range which denotes the possibility of their occurrence in Indiana.
747 (2209). PHILONTHUS VENTRALIS Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 174.
Rather short, robust. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and ab-
domen piceous or dark brown; antennie piceous, as long as head and thorax,
joints 4-10 as wide as long. the two basal ones and legs dark reddish-brown.
Thorax slightly wider than head, net narrowed in front; dorsal punctures
deep, the fourth somewhat distant from third. Elytra slightly wider than
thorax, rather finely not closely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely
punctate. Notch of last ventral of male feeble. Length 5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko: counties; searee. May 5—July 24.
T4AS (2216). PHILONTHUS PARVUS Horn, Trans. .Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 1SS4.
214. ;
Hlongate, slender. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra slightly bronzed; an-
tenne dusky, two basal joints and legs dull yellow. Antenne as long as
head and thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax oblong, not wider
than head, longer than wide; sides nearly parallel; punctures equidistant.
Elytra together distinctly longer than wide, slightly wider and about as
long as thorax, rather finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen slightly iri-
descent, the punctures finer than on elytra. Length 4.5 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. April 4-October
17. The male is easily distinguished from the next by the entire
groove of last ventral; the female has elytra longer, more sparsely
punctate and evidently bronzed. Described from Arizona. Speci-
mens were submitted to H. C. Fall for verification.
749 (2222). PHILONTHUS MICROPHTHALMUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..
XI, 1884, 216.
Hlongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra, abdomen, tibir
and tarsi piceous; femora dull vellow. Antenne shorter than head and
thorax, joints 5-10 as wide or wider than long. Thorax scarcely wider
than head, sides nearly parallel; punctures equidistant. Elytra slightly
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 389
wider than thorax, together a little Jonger than wide; rather coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel. more finely punctate than elytra.
Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. April 21-November 28. Taken
by sifting; also sometimes by beating low herbs.
THQ (2221). PHILONTHUS NIGRITULUS Grav., Mier., 1802. 41.
Elongate. slender. Black. shining; elytra often feebly bronzed; legs
piceous or paler. Head oval, its sides parallel: hind angles sparsely pune-
tate. Antenne piceous. as long as head and thorax. joints 7 to 10 not longer
than wide. Thorax not wider than head. longer than wide; dorsal pune-
tures equidistant. Elytra slightly wider and a little longer than thorax.
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and more finely punctured
than elytra. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Starke County; scarce. May 18. Sifted from decaying sphag-
num moss. A member of the boreal fauna.
vol (——). PHILONTHUS MULTIPUNCTATUS Sp. nov.
Elongate, slender. Dark chestnut brown, feebly shining: antenne pic-
eous, the two basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Antenne slightly longer
than head and thorax, joints 5-10 as broad as long, 11th very little longer.
Head subquadrate. longer than wide. sides parallel. Thorax very little
wider than head, slightly longer than wide; dorsal punctures eight. the
rows diverging toward base. the last puncture nearer the median line. Ely-
tra slightly wider than thorax. together one-fourth longer than wide, rather
finely. shallowly and sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel, as wide as ely-
tra. above finely and rather closely. beneath much more sparsely. punctate.
Last ventral of male with a broad rounded median notch. Length +4.5 mm.
Lawrence County: rare. May 9. Taken from beneath decay-
ing fleshy fungi.
GRouP E.
Medium or rather large species. 7 or more mm. in length, hav-
ing the punctures of dorsal rows irregular or confused. or some-
times the entire thorax with numerous or even dense punctures.
Last ventral of male always emarginate.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP E.
a. Thorax longer than wide, either parallel or narrowed behind.
b. Thorax witb very few punctures; head oval, nearly smooth. narrowed
behind the eyes: length 8.5 mm. SERPENTINUS.
bb. Thorax with numerous coarse punctures: head transverse or quad-
rate, not narrowed behind; length 9-13 mm.
ce, Head transverse. wider than long.
d, Antennae bend-like: elytra red; abdomen brown.
752. BALTIMORENSIS.
390 FAMILY Xi.—STAPHYLINIDA.
dd. Antenne of normal form; tip of abdomen reddish.
753. APICALIS.
cc. Head quadrate, punctured beneath; legs pale yellow; length 7.5 mm.
VIRIDANUS.
aa. Thorax oval, as wide as long, distinctly narrowed in front.
«, Thorax densely punctured, a narrow median space only smooth; legs
pale yellow; length 9.5 mim. CONFERTUS.
ce. Thorax coarsely and sparsély punctured; legs piceous; last ventral
of male feebly emarginate; length 7.5-9.5 mm. 754, AURULENTUS.
P. serpentinus Horn, reddish-brown, head and thorax black, was
described from a specimen taken in Kentucky, near Cincinnati. It
doubtless occurs in southern Indiana.
7h2 *(2228). PHILONTHUS BALTIMORENSIS Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 163.
Elongate, robust. Head and thorax black; elytra dull red; legs pic
eous, the tarsi paler. Antenne reaching middle of thorax, piceous, the ap-
ical joint pale. Thorax scarcely as wide as head, slightly longer than wide,
distinctly narrowed behind the middle, sparsely and irregularly punctate,
smooth at middle. Elytra wider than thorax, its surface, as well as that
of abdomen, rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 10-13 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. March 18-December 10. Hi-
bernates beneath logs and rubbish in fence rows.
753 (2229). PHILontHuUs apicaLis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,
451; ibid. II, 566.
Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; tarsi, terminal joint of an-
tenn and last three segments of abdomen reddish-brown. Antenne reach-
ing middle of thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly nar-
rower than head, a little longer than wide. feebly narrowed behind, punc-
tate as in baltimorensis. Elytra wider than thorax, together one-third
longer than wide; surface as well as that of abdomen, coarsely and sparsely
punctate. Length 9-11 mm.
Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; rare. May 3-October 31.
Occurs beneath logs on damp wooded hillsides.
P. viridanus Horn, occurring ‘‘from the Middle States westward
to Missouri,’? and P. confertus Lee., known from Canada, Iowa.
Tlinois, and Kansas, probably occur in Indiana but are not repre-
sented in the collections.
754 (2234). PHILONTHUS AURULENTUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI.
1884, 222.
Elongate, robust. Black. feebly bronzed or iridescent. Antenne pic-
eous, slightly longer than head and thorax, joints 8-10 wider than long.
Head subquadrate, coarsely punctate at sides, smooth at middle. Thorax
as wide as long, smooth at middle, coarsely and rather evenly punctate at
sides, Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 391
densely and rather finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely punctate
above, more distinctly beneath. Length S-!).5 mm.
One in Woleott collection from beach of Lake Michigan near
Pine, Lake County. June 6. Known from Michigan, Kentucky
und the northwest.
XXXVI. Actoprus Fauvel. 1875. (Gr., ‘‘shore +I live."*)
Small, slender, sparsely pubescent species having the last joint
of maxillary palpi conical. acute and longer than the next to last
joint; the first joint of hind tarsi equal to or shorter than fifth.
The males have the front tarsi more or less dilated and the last
ventral emarginate. often feebly so. Twenty-three species are listed
from the United States. Of these the following have been taken or
probably occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACTOBIUS.
a. Upper surface black or piceous.
UW. Elytra very densely punctured and opayue.
cv. Head opaque, very finely and densely punctured both above and
below. 755. CINERASCENS.
ec. Head more or less shining, punctures above coarse and much less
dense.
d. Thorax oval, very little longer than wide.
e. Elytra longer than thurax. the latter not narrower behind.
706. NANUS.
cc, Elytra not longer than thorax, the latter very plainly narrowed
behind. INUTILIS.
dd. Thorax oblong. much longer than wide; elytra depressed, paral-
Jel, longer than thorax. 757. FRATERCULUS,
bh. Elytra more or less shining, their punctures distinct.
f. Thorax oblong, narrower behind. its punctures numerous, irregu-
larly placed; elytra distinctly lounger than thorax, paler at tips,
the punctures sparse and rather coarse. 79S. SOBBINUS.
ff. Thorax more or less oval, not narrowed behind, the punctures few-
er and arranged in three irregular rows each side.
g. Elytra finely and rather densely punctured ; larger, 5-6 inm.;
piceous. the legs yale.
h. Elytra very densely punctured; front tarsi of male very broad-
iy dilated. PATELLA.
Nh. Elytra shining. less densely punctured: front tarsi of male
much less dilated. 7oo TOLaATcs.
gq. Elytra coarsely punctured: smaller. not over 3.5 mm.; antenn:e
and legs pale. 760. PARCUS.
ua. Bicolored species: thurax and legs always yellow.
j, Abdomen above and beneath rather densely punctured, feebly or not
at all shining.
392 FAMILY NI—-STAPHYLINID-E,
}. Apex of elytra with narrow pale border. TOl., PAGDEROIDES,
Jj. Flytva uniform in color, more elongate. 762, JOCOSUS,
ti, Abdomen very sparsely punctured, more strongly shining; head and
thorax with numerous punctures, —
hk. Metathborax nearly black; elytra widely dull yellow at tips.
TERMINALIS.
hh. Metathorax reddish: elytra narrowly bordered with paler at tips.
UMBRIPENNIS.
755 (22a). AcCTOBIUS CINERASCENS Grav., Mon. Col. Mier.. 1806, 49.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra and abdomen pic-
eous, opaque; legs dusky yellow, the tibire and tarsi darker; antenme brown-
ish, paler at base and tip, shorter than head and thorax, the joints all
longer than wide. Thorax not wider than head, very little longer than
wide, sides sinuate; disk rather closely and coarsely punctate, with a nar-
row sinooth space at middle. Elytra slightly broader than thorax, together
one-third longer than wide; surface, as well as that of abdomen. densely
and finely punctate. Length 4-5 mm.
Marsha'l and Putnam counties; frequent. April 17—-October
17. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
“HG (2236). AcToBIUS NANUS Horn, Trans. Amer, Int. Soc... NI, 1884, 225.
Iklongate, slender. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and ab-
domen picesus, Subopaque; nntenne and legs dusky vellow. Head coarsely
and sparsely punctate above, more finely and closely beneath. Thorax not
wider than head, s:des siuuate; disk sparsely and coarsely punctate on
sides, with a broad mediai smooth space. Elytra slightly wider and one-
third longer than thorax; surface. as well as that of abdomen, densely and
fnely punctate. Length 4.5 min.
“teuben and Posey counties; rare. April 21-May 25. Taken
by sifting. “horter and slightly stouter than cinerascens, with the
head and thorax much more coarsely and sparsely punctate,
THT (LLNS). ACTOBIUS FRATERCULUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XT, 1884.
220.
longate, very slender, parallel. Tread and thorax black. shining; ely-
tra and abdomen brownish-piceous, subopaque: antenna and legs pale
brown, the former shorter than head and thorax, joints S-10 as long as
wide. Ilend subquadrate, sparsely and coarsely punctured above, more
densely beneath. Thorax not wider than head. one-third longer than wide
very little narrowed behind; disk coarsely and. sparsely punctate, with a
rather broad, median smooth space. elytra slightly wider and one-third
longer than thorax: surface. as well as that of abdomen, rather finely aid
densely punctate. Leneth 3.5 min,
Marion County: rare May 80.) Taken from beneath bark «of
butternut.
THE SHORT-WINGED -* AVENGER BEETLES. 395
ToS (2243). ACTOBIUS SOBRINUS Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph... 140, 512.
Eleungate. slender. Head and thorax black; elytra and abdomen pic-
evus. shining: antenne brownish. joints 7-10 as wide as long, the two
basal ones and legs pale yellow. Head quadrate. coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax not wider than head.
coarsely and rather closely punctate except at middle. Elytra described
in key. Abdomen sparsely punctate. the segments paler at tip. the first
four dorsal ones deeply. transversely impressed at base. Length +.5-
wo Im.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 9-October 17. Occurs
beneath dead leaves and bark.
oO (2246). AcToBIUs LoxaTUs Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. See., XT. 1ss4. 229.
Elongate. broader than in the preveding forms. Head. thorax and ely-
tra black. shining: abdomen and legs piceous. the tarxi paler; antenne
brownish. shorter than head and thorax. the joints longer than wide. Head
subquadrate, with a few coarse punctures alung the sides. Thorax not
wider than head. nearly as wide as long, punctures coarse. sparse. Elytra
wider and slightly longer than thorax. tozether longer than wide. Abdo-
men subopaque. rather densely and finely punctate; the second and third
dorsal segments shallowly impressed at base. Length 3-5.5 mm.
Putnam and Posey counties: frequent. April 22-October 17.
sitted from beneath damp vegetable debris.
Tou ¢2e4tey. Acropits Pparcts Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. XT. 1S™4. 234.
Slender. subfusiform. Black. shining: elytra and abdomen with a pic-
eous tinge: legs dull yellow. the tarsi dusky; antennz brownish. reaching
middle of thorax: terminal joints paler. all as wide as long. Head oval.
sparsely and coarsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax slightly
wider than head. very little longer than wide: the punctures each side of
the median smooth space arranzed in a regular row of seven. Elytra a
little wider and longer than thorax. sparsely and cearsely punctate. Ab-
domen more finely punctate. the second and third dorsal segments nar-
rowly transversely impressed at base. Length 3.5 mm.
Kosciusko. Starke and Putnam counties: frequent. April 17-
October 17. Taken by sifting.
761 (2251). ACTOBIUS PEDEROIDES Lec.. N. Sy. N. Amer. Col. I. 1803. 58.
Elongate. slender. Head. meso and metixterna and tip of abdomen
black: thorax. baxe of abdomen and legs yellow: elytra black with a bluish
tinge. the tips paler; antenne piceous. three basal joints paler. jeints 6-10
as wide as long. Head very coarsely punctate. smooth at middle. Thorax
oblons. net wider than head. slightly narrower near base: sides distinctly
sinuate: disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctate with a narrow median
smeoth space. Elytra rather coarsely. not densely punctate. Length 3.5-
4.5 mm.
Throughout the State: searce. May 19-September 4. Occurs
bepeath rublish along the margins of ponds and streams.
394 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDZ.
762 (2252). AcTosius socosus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884,
232.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Color of preceding except that the elytra
are wholly black, and the antennz brown, paler at base. Thorax oblong,
slightly narrowed behind, sides almost straight, punctate as in pederoides;
elytra much longer and more coarsely punctured than there, one-half longer
than wide. Length 4.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 15. Taken from beneath the prickly-
pear cactus.
A. inutilis Horn, 3.5-4 mm.; A. patella Horn, 5 mm.; A. term
nalis Lee., 4.5 mm., and A. wmbripennis Lec., 3.5 mm. in length;
all have a known range which might include Indiana in their dis-
tribution, but no one of them has as vet been noted within the State.
Tribe III. XANTHOULININI.
Very slender, small or medium-sized species, having the head
usually equal in width to thorax and narrowed behind into a small
neck; antenne elbowed, inserted close together near the middle of
the front margin of the front; thorax long and rectangular with
rows of punctures of which the outer ones are curved, its side mar-
gins double and thoracic spiracles visible. Of the seven genera
comprising the tribe, four are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XANTHOLININI.
a. Antenne strongly elbowed; edges of elytra overlapping at suture; mid-
dle coxse widely separated.
b. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, not awl-shaped.
XXXVII. XANTHOLINUS.
bb. Last joint of maxillary palpi short, awl-shaped.
c. Front tarsi broadly dilated; head densely strigose-punctite.
XXXVIIL. Leproninus.
cc. Front tarsi not dilated. XNXXIX. Lxepracinus.
aa. Antenne feebly elbowed; elytra not overlapping at suture, the sutural
stria deep; thorax narrowed in front. XL. Diocnus.
AXXVIL XantHouinus Serv. 1825. (Cir.. ‘“yellow.’’)
This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in the
State by nine known species, while one other may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XANTHOLINUS.
a. Upper (outer) marginal line of thorax bent downward and united with
the lower one al middle; thorax with dorsal rows of five or six fine
punetares. 703. CEPHATI NS.
ad. Upper marginal line of thorax separate from the lower one nearly to
apex, not bent downward in front.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 399
b. Punctures in dorsal rows of thorax four to six in number.
e. Color in great part black or piceous.
d. Thorax and elytra black, legs dark reddish-brown. OBSIDIANUS.
dd. Thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; form very slender.
764. LINEARIS.
ee. Color mostly pale; head usually black or piceous.
e. Abdomen wholly pale; punctures of head distinct, coarse and
sparse.
f. Dorsal rows of thoracic punctures extending but little behind
the middle; form more robust; length 5.5-6 mm.
765. EMMESTS.
ff. Dorsal rows of punctures extending nearly to base; form very
slender; length 4.5-5 mm. 766. FUSCICEPS.
ce, Last two segments of abdomen black; punctures of head very
minute and indistinct; length 7-7.5 mm. 767. INDIANENSIS.
6b. Punctures in dorsi] rows of thorax § to 12 in number.
g. Piceous black, thorax not paler.
h. Head beneath feebly punctured. above very sparsely and coarsely
punctured on the sides; elytra dark red. 76S. GULARIS.
hh. Head beneath coarsely and deeply punctured; elytra piceous.
legs dull brownish-yellow. 769. OBSCURUS.
gq. Brownish-rellow, head darker; gular sutures deep.
i, Head very sparsely punctate; body moderately robust.
770. HAMATUS.
ii. Head more closely punctate, especially on sides; body very slen-
der. 771. PUSILLUS.
*763 (2268). XANTHOLINUS CEPHALUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV.
1834. 452; ibid. II, 567.
Elongate, slender. Black. shining: elytra and legs reddish-yellow; an-
tenn and under surface dark reddish-brown to piceous. Head longer than
wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured above. more finely punctured and
alutaceous beneath. ‘Thorax one-half longer than wide, as wide as head
in front. gradually narrowed to base. Elytra as long as and scarcely
wider than thorax. coarsely. shallowly and sparsely punctured. Abdomen
finely and very sparsely punctate. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties. rare. October 7-December 25. Oc-
curs beneath bark and rubbish.
Y. obsidianus Melsh.. 6.5 mm. in length, occurs in Pennsylvania.
and Iowa. and probably inhabits Indiana.
764 (——). XANTHOLINUS LINEARIS Sp. Nov.
Linear. Head black. shining; thorax. legs and three basal joints of
antenne reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown. the margins and epipleura
pale yellow; abdomen piceous. .Antennz stout. but slightly longer than
bead. pale brown. Head alutaceous. as long as and wider than thorax,
coarsely and evenly punctate on sides and base above. sparsely and more
396 FAMILY XI.—STAPILYLINIDA.
finely punctate beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, gradually but
feebly narrowed from apex to base, the dorsal rows with five or six coarse
punctures. Hlytra scarcely wider and a little shorter than thorax, coarsely
and sparsely punctate, the punctures in somewhat irregular rows. Ab-
dominal segments finely and sparsely punctate at base, both above and be-
neath. Length 5.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 24. Taken by sifting. Liebeck
compared this with the specimens in the Horn collection and stated
that it was a species near temporalis Horn. That species was de-
scribed from Florida, has the thorax black, the elytra piceo-testace-
ous at sides and tip and the inner frontal groove long and deep.
*765 (2274). NANTHOLINUS EMMESUS Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 176.
Elongate. slender. Head black or piceous, rarely pale; thorax, elytra
and legs yale reddish-brown, strongly shining; abdomen usually reddish-
fuscous; antenne slightly longer than head, brownish, paler at base. Head
a little wider and as long as thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate above
and beneath. Thorax one-third longer than wide, feebly narrowing from
apex to base. the dorsal rows with four or five, the rows on sides with five
or six, rather fine punctures. Hlytra about as leng and wide as thorax,
each with three rows of rather course punctures, the sutural row irregular.
Abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Throughout the State. frequent in the southern counties; much
less so northward. January 6—June 27. Occurs beneath bark and
logs. When disturbed they and other members of the genus roll
themselves into a coil and fcien death. In one slender-hodied ex-
ample from Lake County, the head is concolorous with the re-
mainder of the bedy.
766 (22740). NANTHOLINUS FUSCICERS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. VELL.
1880, 173.
Smaller and distinctly more slender than cwmesus: elytra more or less
fuscous, both they and abdomen darker than thorax. Punetures of dorsal
rows usually six. Length 4.5 mm.
Putnam and Posey counties: searee. April 21-April 22. Oc-
eurs in the Middle, Southern and Western States.
767 (——). NANTHOLINUS INDIANENSIS Sp. NOY.
Elongate, rather robust. Tend and last two segments of abdomen
black, shining; scutellum piceous; remainder of body pale reddish-brown.
Head one-half longer than wide, sides feebly curved. upper surface almost
smooth at middle, sides and under surface minutely and sparsely pune-
tate; antenive darker (han thorax, stout, slightly longer than head. Thorax
nearly one-half longer than wide, sides almost straight, dorsal rows with
six, rows on sides with five or six, minute punctures, Klytra as long as
THE SHORT-WINGED @°AVEXGER BEETLE=. 397
thorax. finely and sparsely punctate. the punctures nowhere in regular
rows. Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra. thence feebly widen-
ing to fifth segment. finely and.sparsely punctate. minutely pullescent. Length
7-7.5 mm.
Porter County: rare. May 21. Larger and more robust than
emimesus and very distinct in color of abdomen and punctuation of
head.
TOS (2275). MANTHOLINUs GUbLariIs Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VIII.
1880, 173.
Elongate, slender. Head. thorax and abdomen black or piceous; an-
tenn. legs and elytra dull red. Thorax elongate-oblong. feebly narrowed
from apex to base; dorsal rows with nine to ten punctures and about the
samme number in the rows on sides. Elytra one-third longer than thorax.
sparsely, finely and irregularly punctured. Abdomen finely and sparsely
punctured above. more coarsely beneath, the tip reddish-brown. Length
G.O-T.5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. July 23-July 24. Occurs
beneath bark. especially that of pine. A member of the boreal
fauna.
769 (2P7G). NANTHOLINUS oBscUrRUs Erichs.. Gen. Spee. Staph.. 1540. 330.
Elongate. slender. Head. thorax and abdomen piceous. <hininy: legs
and tip of abdomen dul] yellow: antennze and elytra fuscous-brown. the
furmer one-half longer than head. the se-ond and third joints equal. Head
oblong. as wide and about as long as thorax. alutacecus. coarsely and evenly
punctate on sides and base. Thorax obleng. feebly narrowed from apex to
base; dorsal rows of ten to twelve punctures. the sides with about fourteen.
irregularly placed. Elytra a little wider and Icnyer than thorax. each with
about four irregular rows of rather cuarse punctures. Abdomen finely and
sparsely punctate. Length (-.5 mm.
Lake. Putnam. Vigo and Franklin counties: frequent in Lake.
rare in the ethers. Mareh 26-October 17. Occurs beneath bark
and rubbish in sandy localities.
770 (22791, NANTHOLINUS HAMATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. IV. 1834.
453; ibid. IT. 508.
Elongate. slender. Head black. shining: abdomen browni=h-piceous :
thorax piceous or reddish-brown: antenne. elytra and lez~ pale reddish-yel-
low. Head <horter. more convex and much more ~p:rsely and finely punc-
tate than in obscurus. Thorax one-third longer than wide. net narrowed
behind. sides parailel: dcrsal rows of ten to twelve fine puncturex. a short
row of four cr five and the sides with eight to ten, irregularly placed. with
others near the apical aveles. Elytra one-third longer and slightly wider
than thorax. each with four or five rows of fine. sparse punctures. Ahdo-
men finely. sparsely punctured. the hind margins of the segments paler.
Length 5.5-6 mm. :
398 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
Southern half of State; scarce. April 22-June 2. Taken by
sifting or hy beating low herbs.
771 (2278). XANTHOLINUS PUSILLUS Sachse., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 124.
Elongate, very slender, parallel. Head black; abdomen and under sur-
face piceous; thorax, elytra and legs reddish-brown. Head but little longer
than wide; coarsely and rather closely punctate on the sides above, more
finely and sparsely beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, slightly
narrower than bead, sides almost straight; dorsal rows with about eight
rather fine punctures, the ones on sides with five or six. Elytra slightly
wider and one-fourth longer than thorax, each with two discal rows of
rather fine punctures and numerous confused ones near the suture. Abdo-
men finely and sparsely punctate. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 22.
NNXVIII. Leprouinus Kraatz. 1857. (Gr., ‘‘slender.’’)
Very slender species having the third joint of maxillary palpi
swollen and obeonical. the last joint very small and awl-shaped.
One of the two species occurs in the State.
772 (2282). LeproLINUS RUBRIPENNIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1880, 171. ;
Elongate, slender. IJlead, thorax and abdomen brownish-black, sub-
opaque; antennze, legs and elytra dull red, the latter dusky about the scu-
tellum. Head nearly twice as long as wide, finely and densely strigose-
punctate; antennz reaching middle of thorax, the outer joints nearly twice
as wide as long. Thorax as long as and a little narrower than head, finely
and densely punctate, with a narrow, smooth median line. Elytra slightly
wider and more sparsely and finely punctured than thorax. Abdomen very
finely and densely punctate, wider at apex than base, the tip paler. Male
with last ventral acutely notched and grooved lengthwise. Length 6-
6.5 mm,
Lake, Posey and Dubois counties; rare. April 19-May 28.
Sifted from woody debris. Easily known by the dense sculpture
of head and thorax.
AXNNIN, Lepracinus Erichs. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘slender.’’)
Elongate slender species having the last joint of palpi awl-
shaped; middle cox widely separated; front tarsi not dilated. Of
the twelve species known from North America, the following have
heen taken or perhaps cecur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTACINUS.
a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi slender, scarcely shorter than third:
outer side margin of thorax acute in front of middle, not united with
the lower or inner line. T73. FLAVIPES,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 399
aa. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi very small; outer margin of thorax not
acute in front of middle.
b. Thorax elongate-oval, the sides rounded into base and apex.
774. LONGICOLLIS.
bb. Thorax with distinct angles.
c. Punctures of thorax confused, and confined to the sides; reddish-
brown, elytra picecus with sides and tips yellowish.
775. BUFICOLLIS.
cc. Punctures of thorax in dorsal rows; color piceous or black.
d. Punctures of dorsal rows \-10 in number; legs pale.
NIGRITULUS.
dd. Punctures of dorsal rows 12-14 in number; legs dark.
SERIATUS.
Te (2284). LEPTACINUS FLAVIPES Lee., N. Sp. N. A. Col., I, 1863. 41.
Elongate, slender. Head and abdomen blackish-piceous, shining ; thorax
and elytra dark reddish-brown; antennz brown, paler at base; legs reddish-
yellow. Head longer than wide, with rather dense elongate punctures on
sides and base. Thorax oblong-oval, rather sparsely, evenly and finely punc-
tate on the sides, smooth at middle, the dorsal rows with 12-16 punctures.
Elytra as wide and long as thorax. sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 44.5 mm.
Putnam County; frequent locally. March 20-April 22. Sifted
from vegetable debris.
774 (2287). LEPTACINUS LONGICOLLIS Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 41.
Elongate, very slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, sparsely
clothed with erect hairs; legs and base of antennz# paler. Head one-half
longer than wide. its surface, as well as that of thorax and elytra, finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half longer than wide. but feebly nar-
rowed behind, disk with a smooth space at middle. Elytra slightly wider
and distinctly shorter than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrower at base
than elytra. thence gradually broadening, the fifth dorsal distinctly wider
than first: surface finely and rather clusely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm.
Clark County: rare. May 6. Occurs beneath stones. often in
ants’ nests.
775 (2290). LepraciNts RBUFICOLLIS Lec.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863. 42.
Elongate, slender. Head and abdomen piceous: antennz, thorax and
legs pale reddish-brown. Head longer than wide, alutaceous. coarsely and
evenly punctate. Thorax one-third longer than wide, with a broad, smooth
space at middle. Elytra with four or five somewhat irregular rows of fine
punctures. Abdomen very slightly widening from base to apex. finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 4—4.5 mm.
Putnam County: rare. April 22. Probably occurs sparingly
throughout the southern half of State.
L. nigritulus Lee.. 3.5 mm.. and LD. seriatus Lec.. 4.5 mm. in
length. were both described from Detroit and (anada, and probably
occur in the northern third of Indiana.
(26-—2 402]
400 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYiINID-E,
Xb. Drocnus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘to wash away.’’)
Small, slender species. having the antenne nearly
straight and the head oval, much smaller than thorax.
the jast joint of palpi very small and awl-shaped.
(Fig. 160.) One species oceurs in the eastern United
States and Indiana.
776 (2299). DiocHus scuaumi Kraitz., Wien. Ent. Monat.,
IV, 1860, 27.
Elongate, slender. Piceous, shining; legs, and sometimes
ee ee the thorax and tips of elytra dull yellow; antenne brown,
oS as paler at base. Head very sparsely and finely punctate.
(After Erichson.) Thorax oblong-oval, sides rounded into base and apex, disk
with a row of four or five punctures on sides and with four to six faint
ones on middle. Elytra one-third wider and about as long as thorax.
smooth or nearly so. Abdomen minutely and densely punctate, subopaque,
the tip paler. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Starke, Kosciusko, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April
21-October 17. Sifted from vegetable debris in low moist places.
Subfamily III. STENINAE.
Short, rather robust, subevlindrical, black or piceous species,
having the head large, wider than long, with prominent eves, thus
resembling those of the tiger beetles; antenne straight, inserted
upon the front, 11-jointed, the last three joints larger than those
preceding; first joint of maxillary palpi nearly as long as second,
the fourth obsolete; labrum entire, rounded in front; thorax con-
vex, usually distinetly longer than wide; elytra wider than thorax;
abdomen with seven segments. usually narrowing from base to apex,
each dorsal segment with a transverse elevated ridge at hase, this
usually with several cusps or tecth projecting backward ; tarsi five-
jointed, the fourth joint often bilohed beneath. The thorax and
elytra are deeply sculptured, and this character, taken in connec-
tion with their large eves and black eolor render them, as a group.
very easy to separate.
The Stenids occur for the most part along the muddy or sandy
borders of lakes, ponds avd streams, where they run ‘swiftly in the
sunshine but Hide beneath bark, moss and rubbish in cloudy or cold
weather, All are probably carnivorous, catching their prey alive
hke mest cf the Carabidw, and not feeding on carrion and excre-
ment as de most other Staphylinid forms.
The principal paper treating of the North American. species
is by
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 401
Casey, Thos. L.— ‘Revision of the Stenini of America North of
Mexico,’’? 1884, pp. 1-206. (Published privately.)
Two genera comprise the subfamily. both of which are repre-
sented in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF STENIN.E.
a. Paraglessa not narrowed at base; cheeks prominent; elytra each with
a large reddish-yellow spot. XLIL DIANows.
au. Paraglossa strongly narrowed at base: cheeks very small, usually in-
visible from above. XLIT. STENUs.
XLIL Disxovs Leach. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘to meditate.’’)
Rather robust species having the eves smaller and more widely
separated than in Sfenus; antennw long and slender; abdomen
strongly margined at the sides. Two species are known from the
United States. one of which has been taken in the State. while the
other, D. curulescons Gyll, has been taken about the Great Lakes
and probably occurs in northern Indiana.
\
KEY TO SPECIES OF DIANOUS.
a. Klytra scarcely longer than wide; punctuation course and sparse.
Sit. RITIOCLoe,
aa. Elytra distinctly longer than wide; punctuation fine and dense.
CCERULESCENS.
777 (2301)... Dianots NiTIpULUs Lec., Proc. Bost. Suv. Nat. Hist., XVI.
1874, 272.
Black or dark steel blue; elytra each with a large rounded pale spot
behind the middle; pubescence very fine and sj arse, visible only on head
und abdomen. Head with two wide. shallow grooves between the eyes.
separated by a convex ridge; finely and rather closely punctured. An-
tenne reaching middle of thorax. third joint one-half longer than fourth.
Thorax subcylindrical, widest at middle. narrower at base than apex, with-
out median impression: surface rather coursely. not closely punctate. Ely-
tra slightly narrower than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and evenly punc-
tate, the punctures separated by twice their own width. Abdomen finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.
Floyd County; scarce. October October 9. Taken beneath
stones on the bank of the Ohio River.
NLIL Srexes Lat. 1796. (Gr, *tnarrow."")
A very large genus of closely related forms which for conven-
ience are separated into the following vroups :
402 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF STENUS.
a. Abdomen strongly and distinctly margined along the sides.
vb. Fourth joint of tarsi simple. Group I.
bb. Fourth joint of tarsi bilobed. Group JI.
aa. Abdomen not distinctly margined, faint traces of a marginal line being
visible only on first segment.
c. Fourth joint of tarsi simple or but slightly enlarged. Group III.
cee. Fourth joint of tarsi distinctly bilobed. Group IV.
Group I.
This group, on account of its size, Casey also separated into the
following divisions:
KEY TO DIVISIONS OF GROUP I.
a. Elytra each with an orange spot near the middle of the disk.
Division A.
aa. Elytra without pale spot.
b. Punctures in some portion of the elytra more or less joined or coales-
cent, sometimes only in twos or threes, sometimes in long channels.
ec. The channels or rows of punctures in some one spot on the surface
of each elytron arranged in a spiral or whorl which is complete
or very nearly closed. Division B.
ee, The channels or rows of united punctures often sinuous but never
forming a completed vortex or whorl.
d, Thorax with a more or less distinct median channel or groove.
Division C.
dd. Thorax without trace of median groove. Division D.
bb. Punctures of elytra all isolated and distinct one from another.
: Division B.
Division A.
The species of this division are among the largest in the genus.
They are easily recognized by the orange colored spot on each ely-
tron. Two species have been taken in Indiana, while another
doubtless occurs.
KEY TO SPECIES OF DIVISION A.
a. Femora black; length 4.5-5 mm. TIS. BIPUNCTATUS.
aa. Femora not black, ranging in color from dark piceous-hrown to dull yel-
low.
b. Head wider than elytra, spot on latter bilobed ; length 3.6-4 mm.
779. COLON.
bb. Head equal in width to elytra. spot rounded; ninth and tenth joints
of antennze equal; length 3.8 4.4 mm. SEMICOLON.
778 (2303). Strenus nrpunetarus Irichs., Col. Mareh., 1887, 530.
Rather robust. Black, feebly bronzed, shining, very finely and sparsely
pubescent; elytra each with a small, pale, rounded spot just behind the
middle. Head less than twice as wide as long, deeply exenvated and finely
punctured between the eyes; antenme reaching middle of thorax, the third
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. , 408
joint twice the length of fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest one-third
from base; disk finely. evenly and densely punctate and with a narrow,
deep median impression just behind the middle. Elytra at base as wide
as head, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and regularly punctate. Length
44-5 mm.
Floyd County: rare. October 9. Taken along the Ohio River:
also by Dury at Cincinnati.
719 (2304). StTeENts coton Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV, 1834. 458:
ibid. II, 574.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining: under surface piceous; ely-
tra each with a sublunate or triangular reddish-yeliow spot behind the mid-
dle; legs dull yellow. the femora fuscous on apical third. Head slightly
more than twice as wide as long. deeply excavated and densely punctured
between the eres: antenne not reaching middle of thorax. the third joint
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest at middle, densely and rather
coarsely punctate and with a short. narrow and deep impression just he-
hind the middle. Elytra at base much narrower than head. densely and
coarsely punctate. Length 3.6—-4 mm.
Described from Posey County. Known from Michigan. Vir-
ginia and other Southern States. Not represented in the collection
at hand.
S. semicolon Lec., has the same range as the preceding and
doubtless oceurs sparingly in Indiana.
Division B.
In addition to the complete spiral or whorl of united punctures,
the members of this Division usually have single. more or less iso-
lated punctures on the other parts of the elvtra. Four species be-
longing here may occur in the State. though but three have been
taken.
KEY TO INDLANA. SPECIES OF DIVISION B,
a. Legs black beneath.
b. Elytra (along the suture: distinctly longer than thorax; head as wide
as the elytra at base. deeply excavated between the eyes.
750, JEONG,
bb. Elytra rather shorter than thorax. the latter very robust: body de
pressed. AUSTINI.
aa. Less not black beneath; elytra slightly longer than thorax. the latter
widest at or just behind the middle.
ec. Median impression of thorax beginning before the middle, narrow.
deep. conspicuous: elytra deeply. closely and irregularly channeled ;
fifth ventral of male with a rounded notch at apex.
781. FEMORATUS.
404 FAMILY Nf.—STAPHYLINIDA.
cc. Median impression of thorax beginning behind middle, wider, much
more shallow and inconspicuous; elytral surface much less chan-
neled, the punctures distinct over a great part of their area; fifth
segment of male not notched at apex. 782. sSIMILIATUS.
TSO (2311). Srenus suno Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, Gur.
Elongate, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent ;
antennee, palpi, tibie and tarsi piceous. Head scarcely twice as wide as
long, the front coarsely punctate, with a deep groove each side, separated
by a strongly convex ridge. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than
wide, widest at middle; coarsely, closely and evenly punctate, the punc-
tures confluent near base and apex; the median impressed line very faint,
two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra coarsely, deeply and densely punc-
tured and channeled, the spiral on the side just behind middle. Abdomen
one-third narrower than elytra, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the
first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, their transverse cariniwe
with three cusps projecting backward. Length 4.5 mm.
Lak& Vigo and Posey counties; frequent in Lake, scarce in the
others. March 26-July 1. Taken from beneath rubbish on the
beach of Lake Michigan and from under logs on wooded hillsides
in the southern counties.
S. austin’ Casey, 3.5-3.8 mm. in length, a member of the boreal
fauna, ranges from New Hampshire to Lake Superior and probably
occurs in northern Indiana.
TS1 (2319). Srpncs remoratus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. TV. 1834.
459; ibid. II, 574.
Short, rather robust. Black, shining, clothed with short and sparse sub-
erect pubescence, orange-yellow on the abdomen, grayish elsewhere; legs
dusky yellow, the femora darker at apex. Head more thin twice as wide
us long, surface between the eves concave, finely and densely punctate and
with a median ridge; antennze reaching middle of thorax, piceous, the third
joint less than one-half longer than the fourth. Thorax finely, closely and
irregularly punctate and with a narrow. deep impression on median third.
Klytra densely and irregularly punctate, the punetures united into channels
over most of the surface. the spiral behind the middle. Abdomen narrower
at base than elytra. thence distinctly tapering to apex; finely and densely
punctate, the transverse carine with three cusps. Length 3.5—4 min.
Marion County; searee. April 4-April 24. Probably occurs
throughout the State.
7S2 (——). STENUS SIMILIATUS sp. lov.
Short, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent ; an-
tenn piccous; legs reddish. the femora darker at tips. Tlead twice as wide
as long, surface between the eyes feebly concave, its incdian portion slightly
convex, rather coarsely and closely punetate. Thorax slightly longer thau
wide, widest at middle; coarsely and closely punetate aud with a shallow
impression on basal half. lytra as long as wide, one-fifth longer than
THE SHORT-WINGED SUAVENGER BEETLES. 405
thorax, coarsely and densely punctate and with an almost complete spiral
behind the middle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, very
feebly tapering to apex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. the transverse
carinwe with three cusps. Length 3.5-4+ mn.
Marion, Vigo. Lawrence. Clark, Flovd and Posey counties:
scarce. Mareh 1-November 28. Taken by sifting, beneath mul-
lei, ete. Resembles femoratus in form. size and color, but the
sculpture is much more regular, the abdomen less tapering and the
median impression of thorax wholly different.
Division €.
Here a part or all of the punctures are united or confluent. but
the channels which they form are never arranged in a complete
spiral or whorl on any part of the elytra. ‘‘The channels or punc-
tures may be comparatively distant or very closely compacted, and
the interspaces correspondingly wide or acute. convex or flat, highly
polished or minutely granulose and feebly shining.’’ The thorax
is always marked with a distinct impression or canaliculation on
some part of the middle of the disk. ‘The following species have
been taken or probably occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION C.
a, Larger. more than 2 mm. in length; elytral suture not more than one-
third longer than thorax; transverse carine of abdomen with three
cusps.
b. Form extremely slender. nearly cylindrical: elytra much shorter than
thorax. head much wider than elytra: length 3-3.5 min.
TS5, STRANGULATUS.
bb. Form much more robust: elytra at most but little shorter than thorax,
usually longer.
d. Larger. 3.7-4+.8 mm.: head wide and robust. as broad as or broader
than elytra: males (except in neglectus) with the side margins
of the impressed area of fifth ventral segment in the form of
ridzes which terminate behind in acute ‘teeth.
ec, Legs black: length 5.74 mm. INTRUSUS,
ee. Legs piceous or paler.
f. Head not twice as wide as long. deeply excavate between the
eves: legs pale piceous-brown: Jength 4-+.S mm.
TS4. ERYTHROPUS.
ff. Wead twice as wide as long. feebly excavate between the eyes:
Jess piceous: length 5.s—4 min. NEGLECTUS,
dd. Smaller, not over 3.5 mm.: males with margins of impressed area
of fifth ventral without ridges or teeth.
g. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax, the latter wider before
the middle: form slender: length 2. mu. SUBTILIS.
406 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
gg. Elytral suture longer than thorax.
h. Species 3 mm. or more in length.
i. Longitudinal elevation between the eyes indistinct or nearly
obsolete; length 3 mm.
j. Thorax with median impression very feeble, extending
nearly the entire length. VICINUS.
jj. Thorax with median impression reduced to a simple ero-
sion just behind the middle. INGRATUS.
ii. Longitudinal elevation distinct; head wider than elytra at
base; length 3.3 min. 785. SCABIOSUS.
hh. Species less than 3 nm. in length.
k. Thorax widest distinctly before the middle.
1. Legs black; length 2.6-3 mm. INORNATUS.
ul. Legs fuscous; length 2.5-2.7 mm. PLACIDUS.
kk. Thorax widest at or behind the middle; length 2.4-2.6 mm.
ERIENSIS.
aw. Minute species, length less than 2 mm.
m. Transverse carinz of abdomen without cusps; length 1.7-1.9 mm.
NANUS.
mm. Transverse carine with three cusps; form much more slender ; length
1.7 mm. PUMILIO.
783 (2321). STENUS STRANGULATUS Casey, Rey. Sten., 1884, 39.
Elongate, very slender. Black, shining, very sparsely and finely pubes-
cent; antenne piceous, palpi paler; legs uniform dull reddish-brown. Head
nearly twice as wide as long; surface between the eyes deeply excavate,
finely and rather sparsely punctate, with two grooves and a median con-
vex ridge. Thorax widest before the middle, slightly longer than wide,
coarsely and irregularly punctate, the median impression rather wide and
shallow, extending two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra at base two-thirds
the width of head; coarsely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen long, feebly
tapering, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 2. Known heretofore from New
York and Detroit.
784 (2328). STenus ERyrHRoPUS Melsh., Proc. -Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 40.
Rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with short, fine gray-
ish pubescence; antenne piceous, palpi and legs piceous-brown. Head be-
tween the eyes distinctly excavate, coarsely, closely and evenly punctate,
the median ridge low and subobsolete. Antenne longer than width of head,
the third joint one-third longer than fourth. Thorax very robust, widest at
middle, coarsely, closely and unevenly punctate and with a rather narrow
shallow impression extending from middle two-thirds to base. Elytra
slightly longer than thorax, coarsely, deeply and unevenly punctate. Ab-
domen at base narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, coarse-
ly and rather closely punctate at base, more finely toward apex. Length
4-5 mm.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 407
Vigo, Orange and Posey counties; scarce. April 13-May 24.
Tn one specimen there is a faint small pale spot on the middle of
each elytron.
785 (2842). Srents scasrosts Casey. Rey. Sten.. 1SS4. 60.
Elongate. slender. Black, shining. sparsely clothed with very fine gray
pubescence. yellowish on the abdomen: legs fuscous above, reddish-brown
beneath. Head twice as wide as long. surface between the eyes excavate.
finely and closely punctate. Antennz reaching middle of thorax. third joint
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest just behind the middle, finely
and densely punctate and with a fusiform impression on median third.
Elytra slightly longer than thorax. finely. closely and irregularly punctate.
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elrtra. feebly tapering to apex.
finely. evenly and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm.
Kosciusko County: rare. June 24. Two specimens taken while
sweeping low herbs in swampy places.
The other species of Division C. briefiv characterized in the
ahove kev. were with the exception of nanus Steph. and pumilio
Erichs.. all described by Casev in his Revision. and it is probable
that a number of them will prove to be synonymous. His types of
these species were from points mostly in Michigan, which would
render their occurrence in Indiana. especially the northern por-
tion. very probable. though as vet specimens have not been taken.
Division D.
In this group the elytra are sculptured as in Division C, but the
thorax is without an impression along the median line. The beetle.
savs Casey. ‘‘should be held in such a manner that the light will
pass obliquely across the highest point of the thorax and perpen-
dicular to its longer axis. If there is no sign of even a narrow
longitudinal shade. the species belongs to this division. If there
be even a faint shadow extending along the middle of the disk. the
insect may be considered as belonging to Division C.”
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION D.
a. Transverse carine of abdomen with cusps.
b. Transverse carinz with four cusps.
c. Elytral suture longer than thorax; longitudinal elevation between
the eres almost obsolete; length 3-3.4 mm. 786. COLONTS.
ce. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax; longitudinal elevation be-
tween the eyes evident. broad: thorax more coarsely and roughly
punctate; length 3.5 mm. TST. SUSPECTUS.
bb. Transverse carinz with three cusps.
d. Elytral suture slightly shorter than thorax; head wider than ely-
tra; antennal joints three. four and five uniformly decreasing in
length; femora pale beneath ; length 2.5-2.9 mm. 788. HUMILIS.
408 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.®.
dd. Elytral suture much longer than thorax; head not wider than ely-
tra; legs piceous; length 2.6 nim. ANIMATUS.
aa. Transverse carince without cusps; thorax with a narrow elevated longi-
tudinal carina on its basal half; length 2.3-2.8 mm. CARINICOLLIS.
786 (2376). Srenus cotonus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 699.
Rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray pubes-
cence; legs black; antennee and tarsi brownish. Head less than twice us
wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, finely and densely punctate.
Antenne short, not longer than width of head; third joint less than one-
half longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest slightly behind the
middle, finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-sixth longer than thorax,
about as wide at base as head, coarsely, densely and irregularly punctate.
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence distinctly tapering
to apex, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3-3.4 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. May 23.
TST (—~—). STENUS SUSPECTUS sp. nov.
Rather robust. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray
hairs; femora black; antennze, tibisee and tarsi piceous. Head one-half
wider than long, coarsely and closely punctate. Antenns reaching middle
of thorax, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax narrower than head.
widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, coarsely, densely and roughly
punctate. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than thorax, punctate as there.
the punctures on sides in evident. irregular channels. Abdomen at base
slightly narrower than elytra, feebly tapering to apex. rather finely and
closely unctate, the transverse caring with four fine cusps. Length 3.5 mm.
Lake and Vigo counties; rare. May 28-October 1. Taken be-
neath bark of elm.
788 (2377). Srenus utMiItis Erichs., Col. March., 1857. 554.
Short, rather robust. Black, strongly shining; legs reddish-piceous, the
under side of femora and basal joint of palpi much paler. Head twice as
wide as long, surface between the eyes feebly exeayate, coarsely, closely
and evenly punctate, the longitudinal elevation rather strongly convex.
Antenne dark piceous-brown, slightly longer than width of head. Thorax
robust, widest just behind the middle, rather finely, densely and roughly
punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax at middle, rather
coarsely, densely and very roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra
at base, sides nearly parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely punctate.
more finely toward apex. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Kosciusko County; searee, June 24. Casey’s manimops is said
to be a synonym.
S. animatus Casey and carinicollis Casey were both deseribed
from Michigan and probably inhabit northern Indiana.
TILE, SIMORT- WINGED SVAVENGER BEETLES. 409
Division EB.
In this division the punctures ef elytra are all separate and
distinct one from another. The species are rather small and. except
the first two. highly polished.
KEY TO SPECIES OF DIVISION E,
a. Pubescence very coarse and distinct. brownish-yellow on the abdomen:
punctures crowded, the interspaces not polished.
b. Longitudinal grooves between the eyes distinct: form slender.
789. STYGICUS.
db. Longitudinal grooves absent. the surface between the eyes flat: form
more robust. 70. EGENUS.
aa, Pubercence very fine and indistinct, very seldom yellow: punctures
rather sparse. their interspaces polished.
ec. Transverse caring of abdomen with four cusps.
d. Thorax with an impression along some part of the median line.
e. Thorax elongate. slender: punctures separated by at least their
own diameters; length 3—+ mm. VINNULUS.
ec, Thorax shorter. robust: punctures very close. never separated
by more than one-third their own width; third joint of an-
tenne much longer than fourth: length 3.2-3.4 mm.
CANALICULATUS.
dd. Thorax without an impression along the median line.
f. First joint of hind tarsi twice as long as second; length 3 mm.
TO1. ARGUS.
ff. First joint scarcely one-half longer than second; antennal joints
four and five equal in length, abruptly shorter than third:
length 2.35 mm. MINO2.
ce. Transverse carine of abdomen without cusps; thorax not impressed.
q. Very small, not over 2.2 mm.
h. Elytra much longer than wide, sparsely punctured, highly pol-
ished. 792. JUVENCUS.
hh. Elytra nearly quadrate, very densely punctured. PAUPERCULUS,
gq. Larger. not Jess than 2.8. mm.: antennal joints three to six decreas-
ing in length. 795. MWORTO.
TSO (2885). STENUS sTyGIcts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. TV. US84. 45s:
ibid. IT. 574.
Rather slender. Black. feebly shining: rather thickly clothed with long.
coarse. prostrate grayish-rellow hairs: legs and antenne piceous, tarsi
slightly paler. Head rather small. not twice as wide as long: surface be
tween the eyes nearly flat. densely and coarsely punctate. Antenne slightly
longer than width of head. the third joint a little longer than fourth.
Thorax suberlindrical, widest in front of middle. one-fourth longer than
wide; coarsely, closely and evenly punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider
than head. suture one-fifth longer than thorax. punctured like the latter.
Abdomen at base narrower than elytra. very feebly tapering to apex. finely
and sparsely punctate, the transverse carine with four cusps. Length 3-
3.7 Im.
410 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA&.
Laporte, Floyd and Clark counties; scarce. May 6—October 9.
The coarse, prostrate hairs often cause the elytra to appear sculp-
tured as in Division C.
790 (2384). STENUS EGENUS Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 698.
Rather robust. Black, sbining, thickly clothed with short, prostrate
yellowish hairs, which give the abdomen a brassy tinge; legs piceous. Head
twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, densely and deeply
punctate. Antenne as long as width of head, third joint one-third longer
than fourth. Thorax short, robust, widest just before the middle, finely,
evenly and very densely punctured. lElytra at base slightly wider than
head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax; deeply, rather coarsely and
densely punctate. Abdomen as wide at base as elytra, thence gradually
tapering to apex, finely punctate, the carinze with four cusps. Length 2.X-
3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 23-November 8.
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. Easily distin-
guished by the short, robust form, dense, even punctuation, flat
vertex and yellow pubescence of abdomen.
S. vinnulus Casey, and S. canaliculatus Gyll, are known from
Massachusetts and Michigan; S. minor and S. pauperculus were
both described by Casey from Michigan.
791 (2396). Srenus arcus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 231.
Short, rather robust. Black, shining; sparsely clothed with short gray
pubescence; legs piceous. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the
eyes flat, evenly and densely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal
carina. Antenne slightly longer than width of head, third joint one-third
longer than fourth. Thorax widest a little before the middle, very slightly
longer than wide, closely, rather coarsely and somewhat unevenly punctate.
Elytra at base slightly wider than head, sutural line one-fourth longer than
thorax; coarsely, deeply and evenly punctate, the interspaces equal in width
to punctures. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 2.5-
2.8 mom.
Lake and Starke counties; scarce. May 19-June 17. Casey’s
ageus and rigidus are said to be synonymous.
792 (2401). STEenus suvENcUS Casey, Rev. Sten., 1Ss4, 123.
Rather slender. Black, strongly shining, clothed with long, gray, pros-
trate hairs; legs piceous, paler beneath. Head twice as wide aus long, ver-
tex flat, finely and rather sparsely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal
elevation. Antenne piceous-brown, third joint nearly one-half longer than
fourth. Thorax widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, rather coarsely
and deeply punctate. Elytra at base slightly narrower than head, sutural
line one-fourth longer than thorax; finely, rather sparsely and evenly punc-
tate. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra; feebly tapering to apex, coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm.
'
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 411
Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting. The small
size, highly polished surface and long prostrate hairs of abdomen
readily distinguish this form from its allies. Deseribed from
Detroit.
793 {——). STENUS MORIO Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 230.
Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining, very sparsely clothed with
tine gray pubescence. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes
feebly concave, coarsely and closely punctate. Antenne piceous, reaching
nearly to middle of thorax, third joint slightly longer than fourth. Thorax
widest just in front of middle, thence distinctly converging and feebly
sinuate to base; disk rather coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate. Elytra
at base slightly narrower than head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax;
disk coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate, the punctures separated by more
than their own diameters. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the first
four segments as wide as elytra with distinct border, then distinctly taper-
ing to apex, the border very narrow. Length 2.8-3 mm.
Marion County; scarce. May 22—June 12. Taken by sweeping.
Ranges from Michigan to California.
Group II.
In this group the abdomen is margined and the fourth joint of
tarsi bilobed. Of the four species recognized by Casey, but one
has a known distribution which would bring it within the limits of
Indiana. This is 8. croceatus Casey. 3.7-4+.5 mm. in length, and
having the legs pale brownish-yellow, darker at the knees. Its
range is given as New England to Nebraska, but no specimen has
as vet been taken in Indiana.
Group III.
This group comprises species having the abdomen cylindrical,
without a margin along the sides and with the fourth joint of hind
tarsi simple. Three species may occur in the State, though but one
has as yet been taken.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP II.
a. Elytral punctures isolated and distinct.
b. Robust, very convex, nearly cylindrical; densely pubescent, very
coarsely punctate; length 2.5-2.7 mm. GRATIOSL S.
bb. Much more slender, depressed; very sparsely pubescent, finely punc-
tate; elytral suture one-third longer than thorax; length 2 mm.
CURTUS.
aa. Elytral punctures more or less confluent, the surface very rough; first
joint of hind tarsi more than twice the length of second; length
3.5 mm. 794, ALACER.
412 FAMILY XT.—-S81TAPITYLINID ER.
TO4 (2415). STENUS ALACER Casey, Rey. Sten., 1884, 185.
QWlongate, slender. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent ;
legs dull yellow. very long and slender, the femora piceous at tips; palpi
pale yellow. Uead two-thirds wider than long, surface between the eyes
deeply excavate, sparsely and unevenly punctured und with a distinct ime-
dinn earina. Antenne brownish, one-half Jomger than width of head. the
third joint one-third longer than fourth. ‘Thorax subcylindrical, widest
slightly behind the middle, one-sixth longer thai wide, coarsely, densely
and roughly punctate. Elytra at base as wide as head, suture slightly
longer than thorax; very roughly, densely and coarsely punctate. Abdomen
much narrower than clytra, tapering from base to apex; coarsely and
closely punctate near base, finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 3.2-
3.7 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 22. Taken from beneath mullein
leaves on a sandy hillside. A member of the Austroriparian fauna,
known from Florida, Texas and southern [linois.
Group IY.
The members of this group differ from those of the preceding
only in having the fourth joint or tarsi distinctly bilobed beneath.
The abdomen is subeylindrical, usually tapering from the base and
without distinct side margins. The following species have been
taken or may oecur in the State:
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IV.
a, Iourth and fifth abdominal segments wider than the first; length 4-
4.4 mm. ADVENA.
ada. Abdominal segments decreasing regularly in width from the base, the
fourth not wider than first.
>. Large species, 3.6 mm. or more in length.
c. Femora and tibiz not black throughout.
d. Legs and antennie almost wholly pale dull yellow, the tips of hind
femora alone darker; head slightly broader than elytra.
794, FLAVICORNIS.
dd. Legs black, the femora reddish-yellow at base. 796. ANNULARIS.
ec, Femora and tibiz wholly black, the tarsi pale.
e. Thorax equally wide at base and apex. TARSALIS.
ee, Thorax distinctly wider at apex than base. 797. CANADENSIS.
bb. Smaner species, not exceeding 3.4 mm, in length.
f. Legs pale yellow, the femora darker at tip; length 3-3.2 mm.
TOUS. CALLOSUS.
ff. Legs dark fuscous brown in color throughout.
g. Thorax distinctly longer than wide.
h, Wiytra very slightly longer than thorax, their punctures very
coarse; length 2.8—3.4 mm. 79, ARCTINS.
hh, Elytra one-third longer than thorax, their punctures fine and
close; length 3-3.5 nm. 800. PUNCTATUS.
gg. Thorax as wide as long; length 2.8-3 mm. HUBBARDI.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 413
oye
DOs
195 (2443). STENUS FLavicornis Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1S40.
Elongate. rather slender. Black. shining. sparse-
ly clothed with fine gray hairs. Head nearly twice
as wide as long. surface between the eres feebly
concave. finely. closely and deeply punctate. with
a groove each side of a slightly convex ridge. An-
tenne long and slender. third joint two-thirds longer
than fourth. Thorax widest in front of middle.
slizhtly longer than wide. clesely. rather coarsely
and deeply punctate. Elytra distinctly longer than -
the width at base. punctures round, rather <inall
and deep. separated by mere than twice their width.
Abdomen narrower than elytra. the first four sez-
ments equal in width. finely. cloxely and evenly
punctate. Lenzth 464.5 mm. (Fig. 161.) Se ty legal)
Throughout the State: common. March 13-November 2%. First
described by Sav under the name S. geniculatus. which name was
preoceupied.
7) (2444). STENUS aAnNTLARIS Erichs.. Gen. Sp. Staph.. 140. 735.
Elongate. robust. subcylindrical. Black. strongly shining. sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence. Head small. much less than twice as wide as
long. surface between the eres nearly flat. coarsely and irregularly punc-
tate. convex at middle. Antenne longer than the width of head, piceous-
brown. the club darker. third joint two-thirds longer than fourth. Thorax
about as wide as long. widest just in front of middle. coarsely and irregu-
larly punctate. with several small smooth spaces at middle. Elytra at base
slightly wider than head. a little longer than thorax. punctured as in
Raricornés. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra. thence feebly
tapering to apex. finely. closely and evenly punctate. Length 55.5 mm.
Lake. Kosciusko. Marion and Vigo counties: scarce. January
7—June 25. Hibernates beneath logs and rubbish.
797 (2451). STENUS CANADENSIS Casey. Rev. Sten. 1SS4. 175.
Elongate. rather robust. Black. shining. sparsely and finely pubescent.
Head twice as wide as long; surface between the eyes feebly convex, finelr.
evenly and densely punctate. Antenne as long as width of head. reddish-
brown, the club darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax
widest distinctly behind the middle. slightly longer than wide: rather
coarsely. densely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Elytra at base equal
in width t head. one-third longer than thorax: punctures round, deep.
evenly distributed. separated by about their own width. Abdomen ax wide
at hase as elytra. thence gradually and feebly tapering. rather coarsely.
densely and evenly punctate. Length 4.7-5 mm.
Starke and Kosciuska counticx: scarce. May 19-June 25.
Taken by beating low herbs on borders of marshes. Known from
Ontario and northern Dlinois.
414 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.®.
798 (2460). SvTenus caLLosus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 737.
Rather slender, subcylindrical. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent;
palpi and legs dull yellow. the femora dusky at tips. Head slightly wider
than thorax, surface between the eyes flat, rather coarsely, closely and
irregularly punctate, the middle portion slightly convex and almost smooth.
Antennz one-half longer than width of head, reddish-yellow, the club
darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical,
slightly longer than wide, densely and rather finely punctate, with a small.
fusiform smooth space at middle. Elytra at base a little wider than head,
the suture one-fifth longer than thorax, finely. evenly and densely punctate.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra at base, gradually tapering to
apex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.2 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 24. The thorax is nearly of the
same width throughout. Probably occurs throughout the State.
799 (2462). StTenus arcutus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744.
Subcylindrical, rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with
grayish hairs. Head a little wider than thorax, surface between the eyes
almost flat, rather coarsely, densely and evenly punctate. Antenne scarcely
longer than width of head, dull brownish-yellow, the club darker, third
joint one-half longer than fourth. ‘Thorax widest just behind the middle,
rather coarsely, densely and unevenly punctate, the interspaces finely ru-
gose. Blytra at base as wide as head, suture very little longer than thorax,
surface densely, coarsely and deeply punctate. Abdomen distinctly nar-
rower than elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Length 2.8-3.4 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; scarce. May 24- May 30.
800 (2463). Srenus punctatus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744.
Subcylindrical, rather robust. Black, shining, rather thickly clothed
with grayish hairs. Head slightly wider than thorax, surface between the
eyes feebly convex, without grooves, finely and densely punctate. Antenne
as long as width of head, joints two to six reddish-brown, the others darker,
the third one-third longer than fourth. Thorax about as wide as long,
widest at middle, finely and densely punctate. Blytra at base as wide as
head, suture one-third longer than thorax, surface convex, deeply, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Abdomen much narrower at base than ely-
tra, very gradually tapering to apex, deeply, coarsely and evenly punctate.
Length 3-3.3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 12—October 17.
Subfamily IV. PAEDERINAE.
Medium sized or small Staphylinids having the antenne widely
separated at base and inserted at the sides of the front, above the
base of the mandibles, under a more or less prominent. ridge;
maxillary palpi with the last joint usually very small and awl-
shaped ; head narrowed suddenly behind into a distinct neck; front
eoxe conical and prominent; hind coxw also conical and contiguous,
THE SHORE-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 415
The following papers treat of the North American species of the
subfamily -
Ie Conte.— "Synoptic Tables of Lathrobium, Stilicus and
Sunius." in Trars. Amer. Ent. Soe., VIII. 1850, 174-180.
LeConte-— Synoptic Tables of Cryptobhun. Pederus and Pala-
minus” tn Froe. Amer, Phil. Soc.. NVIT. 1878. 390-397.
Horn— A Study of the Species of Cryptobium of North Amer-
ica."* in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.. NIT. 1854. 55-106.
Casey.— A Revision of the American Pexderini.”” in Trans.
Acad. Sei. St. L.. NW. 1905, 17-245.
As above defined. the subfamily is represented in Indiana by
two tribes:
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF P-EDERIN_E.
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi very smail. awl-shaped.
Tribe I. Pz#peERINI. p. 415.
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi as large as the third, obliquely hatchet-
shaped. Tribe II. PrNoPHILini, p. HO.
Tribe I. P.EDERINI.
This tribe as above limited is composed of a large number of
cenera, the follewing of which are known to oceur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF P_EDPEFRINT.
a. Fourth joint of hind tarsi not lobed beneath.
b. Antenne elbowed at the end of the long hasal joint: front tarsi not
dilated.
c. Mandibles each with three teeth on the inner side; males with last
ventral not notched. the second and third ventrals each with a
fold or pit at middle. XLII. Crypropit.
ec. Mandibles each with twe teeth: males with the last ventral
notched, the second and third without felds or pits.
XLIV. HESPEROBIUM.
bb. Antenne straight or nearly so. the basal jeints not greatly elongated.
d. Prosternum shortened between and under the front cox, ending
in an acute point which does not reach the mesosternum.
e. Labrum bilobed: sculpture never very dense, the surface more
or less shining; front tarsi strongly dilated in both sexes:
ligula bilobed at tip. XLV. JLATHROBIUM.
ec. Labrum with a distinct median tooth: sculpture very dense, the
surface subopaque; front tarsi variable; ligula with a dense
fringe of hairs at tip.
f. Front tarsi moderately dilated. densely padded beneath: first
joint of hind tarsi one-half longer than second: lenyth
6.5 mom. XLVI. ADEROCH ARIS.
ff. Front tarsi not dilated; first joint of hind tarsi only slightly
longer than second: length 3.7 mm. LiTHocHARIS.
[27—25402]
416 FAMILY XJ.—STAPTLYLINIDAE.
dd. Prosternum prolonged behind so as to reach the mesosternum,
g. Sides of prosternum not dilated under the cone.
h. Neck never very slender; ligula loosely fringed at tip.
i, Labrum with teeth.
j. Teeth of labrum two in number.
k. Antenne with the two basal joints thick, the others
slender, filiform; basal joints of hind tarsi distinctly
longer than second; length less than 3.5 mim.
1. Gular sutures moderately separated, gradually con-
yerging and most narrowly separated at base; front
tarsi more or less dilated; surface distinctly punc-
tured. XLVII. Scrociraris.
U. Gular sutures very widely separated and nearest to-
gether in front, thence widely diverging to ase of
head; front tarsi not at all dilated; surface not dis-
tinctly punctured. XLYVIIL. SclocHaRELia.
hk. Antenne with the basal joints of equal thickness with
the others, the apical ones feehly enlarged; teeth of
labrum very small; prosternum not carinate.
m. Basal joints of hind tarsi equal in length to second.
the first four joints short and subequal; guhur su-
tures most narrowly separated a little before the
middle. NLIS« ‘THArmyakettn,
wun, Basal joints of hind tarsi distinctly longer than sec-
ond, the tarsi more elongate; front tarsi strongly
dilated, especially in the male; gular sutures most
narrowly separated at base; neck wide, almost half
as wide as head. TI. TPARAMEDON,
jj. Lalbvum with four teeth, the inner ones long, acute, and
prominent, the outer ones very small; gular sutures
widely separated at base. TLATY MEDON.
i. Labrum without teeth: body very slender, finely and very
densely punctate; gular sutures as in Platymedon: first
joint of hind tarsi longer than second.
LI. Psevpomepon.
th. Neck in our species very slender; ligula tricuspid at tip;
labrum with four teeth. LIT. = Scor.rvs.
yg. Sides of prosternum broadly dilated under the cox, reaching
: the inflexcd sides of thorax: neck very slender.
vw. Antennee distinctly longer than head; length 3.5 or more mm. ;
hind tarsi with joints 1 to 4 gradually decreasing in length.
o. Form rather slender; labrum Droadly rounded or subtrun-
eate at apex, the teeth usually acute; front tarsi finely
and densely pubescent beneath, TAIT. S7irtets.
oo, Form very stout; labrum sinuate-emarginate at apex, the
two teeth short, obtuse; front tarsi not at all dilated, lav-
ing long coarse hairs beneath; head orbieular, the surface
minutely punctate or alutaceous. LIV. MEGASTILICUS.
THE SHORT-WINGED SC AVENGER BEETLES. 417
nn. Antennze shorter than head; length less than 2 mm.; basal
joint of hind tarsi equal in length to the next two together ;
third joint of maxillary palpi more or less hatchet-shaped,
the fourth very minute; fifth ventral not elongated. wider
than long. LY. LeEptToGeNivs.
aa. Fourth joint of hind tarsi bilobed.
p. Last joint of maxillary palpi obtuse and pubescent; reddish-yellow,
elytra dark blue, head and tip of abdomen black. LVI. P-£prErvs.
pp. Last joint of maxillary palpi slender. very minute.
q. Thorax oral, usually longer than wide; elytra usually longer than
thorax; form linear; neck moderately narrow; length not over
5 mim. LVII. Styivs.
qq. Thorax almost circular, distinctly longer than elytra; neck very
slender: color uniform pale yellow ; length less than 3 mm.
LVIII. Srimicopsis.
XLII. Crypropiva Mann. 1530. (Gr., ‘‘hidden + life.’’)
Rather large. elongate, parallel species having the gular sutures
separated ; elytra with a fold or raised line near the side margin, ex-
tending from the humeri to the outer spical angle; neck distinctly
and abruptly constricted above; basal joint of antenne greatly
elongated ; front tarsi not dilated. The males always have a fold
at the middle of the second. and a pit or fovea on the third ventral
segment, and the last ventral is unmodified. In some of the species
the males are of two forms; one : ‘ .
having, in addition to the fold
and fovea, the third segment
prolonged backward in a lobe
which varies much in length.
(Fig. 162.) Casey has created a
new name. ** Gas/rolobium,’’ for :
the species possessing the char- fig. 162. ¢. tedium: 1, complete male; 2, imperfect
: male; 3, female. (After Horn.)
acters above mentioned, but I
have retained the older and better known name. The following
species haye been taken or probably oceur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOBIUM.
a. Second ventral of female with a pit or short transverse fovea near its
middle. (Fig. 162. No. 5.)
y. Abdomen uniform dark brown or piceous: third joint of antenne dis-
tinctly longer than second; length 10-12 mm. SOL. BADIUM.
bb. Abdomen bicolored, piceous, with the lust two segments pale reddish-
brown; length S-10 mm. S02. BICOLOR.
aa. Second ventral of female simple, without pit or fovea.
e, Abdomen bicolored, the last two segments paler.
d. Head and meso- and metasterna pale reddish-brown. TEXANUM,
418 FAMILY XT.—-STAVILYLINID ED.
dd. Head and meso- and metasterna piceous. 803. CAROLINUM.
cc. Abdomen uniform pale reddish-brown; head darker than thorax and
elytra; length 8.5-11 mm. PIMERIANUM,
*801 (2484). CryprosriuM BADIUM Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 53.
Uniform reddish-brown, shining, the head slightly darker. Head ob-
long-oval, sides nearly parallel, coarsely and rather closely punctate, the
front smooth. Thorax much narrower than head, one-fourth longer than
wide, sides feebly curved; disk sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate,
with a median smooth space. Elytra one-third longer and nearly one-half
wider than thorax, coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctate. Ab-
domen rather finely, not densely punctate. Length 10-125 mm.
Southern half of State, common; much less so in the northern
counties. February 10-November 17. Occurs beneath bark and
hibernates in small colonies beneath partly buried logs. About one-
third of the males have the third ventral prolonged backwards in a
lobe, with parallel sides and rounded tip. This bears a fringe of
long, stiff hairs and sometimes reaches nearly to the end of abdo-
men. (Fig. 162, No. 1.) This lobe is also present in some of the
males of the next two species, but its function is as yet unknown.
*802 (2490). CRyYPTOBIUM BICOLOR Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 179.
Head black; labrum, antenne, thorax, elytra and last two segments of
abdomen pale reddish-brown; legs pale yellow. Head oblong-oval, coarsely,
not densely punctate. Thorax narrower than head, one-fourth longer than
wide, sides parallel; disk smooth at middle, coarsely and rather closely
punctate on sides. Elytra one-third wider and longer than thorax, rather
coarsely, closely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, sparsely and finely punctate. Males of two forms, one with, the
other without, a prolongation of third ventral. Length 7.5-10 mm.
Throughout the State; common. January 5—October 28. Oc-
curs beneath cover and on fungi, especially in wooded pasture land.
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves, logs, ete.
C. texanum Lee., 8-11 mm. in length, has been recorded from
near Cincinnati, though its range is usually given as Texas to New
Mexico.
803 (2491). CRyProBIUM CAROLINUM Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 563.
Piceous, moderately shining; thorax, elytra and last two abdominal
segments rather dark reddish-brown; antennas brownish, two basal joints
and legs dull yellow. Head broadly oval, as wide as or wider than (male)
elytra, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax as in bicolor. Vly-
tra one-fourth wider and one-third longer than thorax, very coarsely, closely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate. Males as in badium. Length 8.5-10.5 mm.
Kosciusko, Marion, Knox and Posey eounties; searee. Mareh
21—June 22. Occurs on fungi and carrion. The females are easily
THE SUORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. al ea
separated from those of bicolur by the lack of fovea on second ven-
tral. The males have the thorax and elytra darker reddish-brown,
and the latter much more cnarsely punctate.
C. pimerianum Lee., 8.5-10.5 mm. in length, is recorded by Casey
from Indiana. I have net seen a specimen from the State. Its
usual range is Texas to California.
XLIV. Tfesreroptem Casey, 1905. 0 (Ga. SS westeru + life.)
This genus was created by Casey to include those species hitherto
ascribed to Cryptolium which have the first and second ventrals of
male without a trace of pit or fovea and the last ventral distinctly
notched at apex. I include with them serprntinum LeConte, as the
characters separating it are not sufficient to erect a new genus.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HESPEROBIUM.
a. Elytra black or piceous; hind angles of head distinct.
b. Head distinctly broader than thorax, its sides curved behind the
eres; form robust. SO4. PALLIPES.
bb. Head searcely wider than thorax, its sides straight for some distance
behind the eres; form more slender. S03. CINCTUM.
aa. Elytra wholly or in great part reddish-yellow; head obliquely nar-
rowed from the eves to the neck, its hind angles wholly wanting.
¢. Head wholly smooth or with very few punctures.
d. Piceous; elytra pale reddish-brown, coarsely and deeply punctate.
$06. CRIBATUM.
dd, Reddish-yellow: front of head, thorax. two basal and two apical
segments of abdomen black. :, SERPENTINUM.
ce. Head distinctly punctured on basal half; color biack; elytra reddish-
yellow with a sutural black stripe, broader at apex and reaching
to apical third. ; SOT. SELLATUM.
#804 (2502). HESPEROBIUM PALLIPES Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806. 179.
Piceous or nearly black. shining; antennze dusky: legs dull yellow.
Head oval, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tured. Thorax slightly narrower than head. cne-fifth longer than wide.
sides feebly curved; disk with a well defined smooth median area, its sides
coarsely, regularly and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider
and a little longer than thorax. rather finely. closely and roughly punctate.
Abdomen as wide as elytra. finely and very densely punctate; last ventral
of male with a triangular notch. much deeper than wide. Length $—-11 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. February 5—October 17. Oc-
curs especially beneath cover on sandy lanks of streams. ponds. ete.
SO5 (2502a). HEsPEROBIUM CINCTUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sec... TV. 1S54.
454; ibid. II, 569.
Elongate. slender. Black or piceous. feebly shining; antenne dusky,
paler at tip: palpi and legs reddish-yellow. Head oblong-oval, much nar-
4th BA MILY XP j=8 cas bee ae ts rans
rower than elytra. rather coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides feebly curved; disk sparsely and rather finely punc-
tate. Elytra one-third longer and one-half wider than thorax, coarsely and
closely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, rather finely and densely
punctate, the hind margins of the segments paler. Last ventral of male
with a triangular notch, about as wide as deep. Length 8-9.5 mm.
Porter, Marion and Putnam counties; searee. March 6—-Decem-
ber 25. Listed as padlipes var. latebricola, but in my opinion dis-
tinct. Say’s name has priority.
SOG (2507). HrsPpeRoBIUM CRIBATUM Lec., N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 46.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; antennie, mouth parts and
elytra reddish-yellow ; suture darker on basal third; legs dull yellow. Head
elongate-oval, slightly wider than thorax, with a few coarse punctures be-
hind the eyes. Thorax subcylindrical, one-fourth longer than wide, sides
nearly straight; disk smooth at middle with a row of seven to nine coarse
punetures each side the smooth area and a few others between these and
margin. Hlytra one-third wider and slightly longer than thorax, with about
nine irregular rows of coarse, sparse punctures. Abdomen rather finely
and closely punctate. Male with the last ventral with a deep, triangular
noteh. Length 8.5-10 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; rare. May 5—June 11. Easily known
by the Jong, sparsely punctured head and red elytra.
SO7 (2508). Hirsrprropium seLiAattmM Lee., N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 46.
Rather stout, subfusiform. Black, shining; color
of elytra given in key; antenns and mouth parts
reddish-brown; Iegs dull yellow. Head elongate-
oyal, coarsely and rather closely punctate behind
the eyes, the front almost smooth. Thorax sub-
eylindrical, slightly narrower than head, one-third
longer than wide, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tured each side of a median smooth space. Elytra
one-third longer and distinetly wider than thorax,
. surface, as well as that of abdomen, finely and
ay rather densely punetate, Length 8-!)mm. (Fig. 163.)
Lake County; frequent beneath cover, es-
pecially the clumps of prickly-pear cactus, in
the sand dune region; Posey County; rare.
March 26-September 25, A handsome. spe-
cies, readily known by the wedge-shaped black
sutural stripe of elytra.
C. serpentinum Tee, 9.5-10 mm. in length, is a rare species
known from Pennsylvania. North Carolina, Alabama and Kansas,
and therefore should oeeur in southern Indiana.
Fig. 163. (Original.)
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 421
XLV Larxropium Grav. 1806. (Gr.. ‘*hidden + life.’’)
Medium vor small sized Staphyvlinids having the prosternum
shortened and acute between the front coxx ; front tarsi strongly di-
lated and densely clothed beneath with large whitish pads composed
of flattened hairs: fourth joint of maxillary palpi conical and
pointed or needle-shaped.
Casey. in his ‘‘Revision,’’ has divided the old genus Lathrobium
as recognized by LeConte. Horn and other authorities. into 19
genera. ten or eleven of which are probably represented in Indiana.
His distinguishing characters are, in many instances. of minor im-
portance and I prefer to rank his genera as groups or subgenera,
thus placing all species under the well-known name of Lathrobium.
The following is a modification cf the key or table of genera as pro-
posed by Casev:
Key TO INDIANA GROUPS OR SUBGENERA OF LATISROBIUM.
a. Elytra without a fold or raised line on the deflexed portion.
b. Neck broad, half. or more than half the width of head.
ce, Wind tarsi lenzer and more slender, the basal joint much shorter
than second. the fifth much shorter than the first four combined.
d. Elytra very short. from one-half to two-thirds the length of
therax. their bazal angles obsolete; inner wings wanting; ab-
domen rather coarsely and sparsely punctate.
Group .\. APTERALIUM.
dd, Vlytra varying in length from a little shorter te decidedly longer
than thorax. basal angles distinct; inner wings present; abdo-
men minutely punctate. Group B. LaTHRoBIuM.
ec, Hind tarsi sherter and stvuter, the first and second joints sub-
equal, the first four differing but iittle among themselves and
together often but little longer than fifth; gular sutures parallel
and curved, rather widely separated. nearest tezether near the
middle of the surface behind the mouth.
Group C. LATHROBIOMA.
bb. Neck narrow, about one-third as wide as head; gular sutures nearly
straight, feebly converging behind. nearest together near the base
of the head. Group D. TETARTOPEUS.
aa. Elytra with a longitudinal fold or raised line on the deflexed portion.
the line parallel with the side margin.
e. First joint of hind tarsi eyual to or slightly lonzer than second.
f. Four basal joints of hind tarsi subequal; front tarsi feebly di-
lated; gular sutures very widely separated. being separated at
base by one-third the width of head: body very small and slen-
der, not over + mim. in length. Group E. PsECDOLATHRA.
ff. First and secend joints of hind tarsi each longer than the third or
fourth.
a) FAMILY NI.—STAPH YLINLD.E.
y. Yorm larger, more robust, length 6 or more mm.; neck broad,
more than half as wide as head; elytral punctures in rows.
Group F. LATHROTAXIS.
gg. Form small, slender, léngth less than 5 mm.; neck distinctly less
than half as wide as head; elytral punctures coarse and sparse.
arranged in rows. Group G. LINOLATHRA.
ec. First joint of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second.
h. Body large. stout, parallel; length 9 or more mmm.; gular sutures
less separated, nearest together at base of head.
Group H. HEuLATHRopium,
hh. Body slender. less than 6 mm.; gular sutures widely separated,
nearest together in front, farthest apart at base of head.
i. Elytra longer and wider thin thorax; head small and, in our
species, dark; body more or less fusiform.
. Group I. LaTHROBIELLA,
di, Elytva small, shorter than thorax; head larger, as wide as ely-
tra and pale in color; body parallel.
Group J. MIcROLATHRA.
Group A. (APTERAT.IUM.)
To this group Casey aseribes two species. one of which ovcurs in
Indiana.
SOS (2521). LATHROBIUM BREVIPENNE Lee., N. Sp. N. Am. Col, I, 1863, 44.
Elongate, rather slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; legs
and antennz reddish-brown, Head as wide or slightly wider than thorax,
sides parallel, base truncate, hind angles rounded; surface coarsely and
rather closely punctate behind the eyes, smooth at middle. Antenne very
stout, the joints obconical, the basal joint robust. Thorax oblong, one-
fifth longer than wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured, with a broad me-
dian smooth space. Flytra but slightly more than half the length of thorax,
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, Abdomen as wide as elytra. Length
7.8-9 mm.
Putnam County; rare. Mareh 25. Known heretofore from
Illinois, Iowa and Missouri.
Grour B. (LAtHROBIUM.)
Rather stout, usually large or medium-sized species, having the
thorax uniformly punctured, with distinct smooth dorsal line; elytra
without a fold or raised line on side; basal joint of hind tarsi dis-
tinetly shorter than second, The following species have been taken
or probably oceur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP I,
a. Bicolored; black, antenne, logs and elytra wholly reddish-brown ; length
less than 5 mm. ; fifth ventral of male with a round discal impression,
sixth deeply notched ut tip. BICOLOR.
TIE AIWORTEWINGRD SCAVENGER BEETLES. 23,
aa. Color nearly uniform, the elytra not distinctly paler except toward the
tip; larger, 7 or more mm.
b&b. Antenne very stout, more slender toward apex. the middle joints
rounded, never longer than wide.
ec. Elytra bicolored, black basally and reddish on apical third, as long
as thorax; length 10 mm. S09. PROCERUM.
ee, Elytra wholly black or piceous.
d. Viytra much longer and wider than thorax, a fourth longer than
wide; legs and antenne dark reddish-brown; length 7 mm.
SPISSICORN EF.
dd. Vlytra equal in length to thorax; legs wholly yxde reddish-
brown; length S-10 mm.; sixth ventral of male with a length-
wise groove near base. not notched at tip. S10. ARITA TCM.
bb. Antennze only moderately stout, the joints at least one-half longer
than wide. obconic; sixth ventral of male more or less notched at
tip.
«. Elytra not longer, and often distinctly shorter than thorax.
f. Antenne not longer than head and thorax, the joints less than
twice as long as wide; gular sutures straight, nearest together
at base of head.
g. Punctures of elytra rather fine, sparse and inconspicuous;
notch of last ventral of male wide and deep, distinct; length
7.5-9 mm.
h. Head and thorax sparsely and rather finely punctured.
S11, SIMILE.
hh. lead and therax densely and rather coarsely punctured.
S12: GINsaNES:
ga. Punctures of elytra course, uneven and conspicuous: last ven-
tral of male truncate. the notch very small; length 6.5-
7.5 mm. SIMPLEX.
ff. Antenne slender. longer than head and thorax, the middle joints
fully twice ax long as wide; gular sutures curved, nearer to-
gether at middle of area behind the mouth; color black, legs
and antennie paler; length 6.7-7.5 mm. CRURALIS.
ce. Elytra much longer than thorax; abdomen narrower than elytra.
the last ventral of male broadly and semicircularly notched;
black, antennre and legs brown; length 6.5-7.5 mm. CONCOLOR.
L. bicolor Lee.. was described from Detroit. Michigan, and L.
spissicorne Casey from Massachusetts and Detroit. so that one or
both of them are apt to be found in Indiana.
Sogo (——). LaTHROBIUM PROCERUM Casey. Trans. Acad. Sei. St. L. XV,
208, $2.
Elongate. rather slender. Black, shining; elytra becoming gradually
but distinetly reddish on apical third: legs reddish-brown; antenn:e piceous.
with a reddish tinge. Head equal in width te therax. sides parallel, sparsely,
rather finely and irregularly punctate. Thorax oblong. sides nearly straight.
feebly converging toward base. finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra
rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra. minutely
and rather densely punctate. Length 9-10 mm.
4o4 PAMILY: XL—STAVIY LINTD.E.
Laporte County; rare. July 25. Deseribed from New York,
Ontario and [linois.
*810 (2522). LaTHRosiumM ARMATUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 18384,
453; ibid. II, 568.
Elongate, rather robust. Black or piceous, feebly shining; palpi, an-
‘tenn and legs reddish-brown. Head as wide as elytra, its sides rounded
into base; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, nearly
egual in width to head and elytra; surface, as well as that of elytra,
egarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate; the median smooth Jine very nar-
rew. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, finely and rather closely but
not densely punctate. Length S-10 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. February 14-September 22. Occurs especially in low, damp
sandy places; taken also at sap of soft maple.
S11 (2524). LAtTHroprum sIMILE, Lec, N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1868, 45.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytva and abdomen piceous;
antennze and tip of abdomen reddish-brown; legs paler. Head subquadrate,
sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax oblong, as wide or slightly wider than
head, scarcely longer than wide, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra as long and slightly wider than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
minutely and very densely punctate. Fifth ventral of male narrowly and
deeply impressed along the middle; sixth also with a lengthwise groove
and a wide, deep notch at apex. Length 7.5-9 mm.
Vigo and Marion counties; searce. February 14—-October 4.
812 (——). LATHROBIUM INSANUS Sp. Hoy.
Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown; elytra tinged with red; legs
and antennie jiuer. Head subquadrate, narrowed in front, its surface, as
well as that of thorax, closely and rather coarsely punctate. Antenne
slender, the cuter joints ohconical, as wide at apex as long. Thorax longer
than wide, its sides straight, feebly converging from apex to base. Elytra
as long as thorax, finely and much more sparsely punctiute than there.
Abdomen finely and densely punctate. Notch of last ventral of male dis-
tinetly wider and less deep than in simile, Length 8.5 mm.
Laporte County; rare. July 25.
LE. eruralis Casey was described from New Jersey, Ohio and
Towa. L. concolor Lee. is said by Casey to oceur in ‘Indiana and
westward.,’’
Group ©. (ILATHRORTOMA.)
This group is composed of rather small, slender species which
resemble those ef Group B. in their large head and thick. bead-like
antenne, but the joints of the hind tarsi are subequal. Casey has
placed in the group 11 species, two of whieh may oceur in the State,
though neither is in the collection at hand. They are:
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 495
LD. othoides Lec.. having the head parallel at the sides. color deep
shining black. legs reddish-brown. antenna dusky: sixth ventral of
male with a square notch; length 5-5.4 mm. It has been taken in
New England and Iowa. ZL. tenwe Lee.. very slender. with head
broadest near the base: color similar; sixth ventral of male semicir-
eularly emarginate: length 4.6-5 mm., known from New England.
Canada and Michigan. and probably occurs in northern Indiana.
Group D. (TELARTOPEUS.)
This group is chietly distinguished from other species of Lath-
robium by the very narrow neck. The antenne are rather slender
and filiform and the body is usually more or less fusifurm rather
than parallel in outline. The following species have been taken or
perhaps occur in the State: ,
KEY TO INDIANA SPECILS OF GROUP D,
a. Elytra reddish, sometimes clouded with black on suture near base.
b. Thorax deep black.
c. Head parallel or only very feebly and gradually narrowed behind
the eyes: thorax strongly and coarsely punctate. the punctures
rather dense. S13.) PUNCTULATUM.
cc. Head very obvivusly narrowed behind the eyes in bsth sexes.
7 RUBRIPENNE.
bb. Thorax dull reddish. similar in color te elytra. S14. SEMIRUBER.
ad. Elytra not red.
d. Elytra black with the outer apical angles. or scmetimes the whole
apex, more or less abruptly pale: length T-7.S mu. ANGULARE.
dd. Elytra and entire body black. the legs dark; length 5.5-3.\ mm.
NIGRUM.
$13 (2512). LarHROBIUM PUNCTULATUM Lee, N. Spec. N. Aimer. Col. I,
1SG5, 42.
Elongate. slender. Black. shining: antennie and elytra dull red. the
former dusky toward apex: legs dull yellow. Wead semicirsular behind
the eyes. finely and rather sparsely punstate. Thorax oblong. slightly longer
than wide, distinctly wider than head: surface. as well as that of elytra.
rather coarsely, not clcsely punctate. the median smosth line very narrow.
Elytra one-third wider and distinctly longer than thorax. Abdowen as
wide as elytra. minutely and densely punctate. Males with the third to
fifth ventral segments feebly impressed along the middle. the sixth acutely
and deeply notched. Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. February 26-October 17. Qe-
curs beneath cover in open upland woods.
L. rubripenne Cavey. 6 mm. in length, is said to range from
Massachusetts to Iowa,
426 FAMILY XT.—STAPHYLINID.E.
814 (——). LAaTiHRoBIUM SEMIRUBER Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV,
1905, 107.
Elongate, rather slender, nearly parallel. Black; thorax and elytra
dark dulk reddish, the elytra clouded with blackish toward the base; an-
tenn piceous, paler at base; legs dull yellow. Head orbicular, finely and
sparsely punctate; antenne slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax ob-
long, distinctly wider than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and unevenly
punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider but very slightly longer than thorax,
coarsely, rather closely and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
finely and densely punctate. Males with fourth and fifth ventrals feebly
flattened, sixth with a minute median notch, deeper than wide, and nar-
rower than in punctiulatum, almost concealed by dense hairs. Length 7-
7.5 mm.
Putnam County: rare. October 17. Taken by sifting damp
vegetable debris. Deseribed from Iowa.
LD. angulare Lee., 7-7.8 mm.. and L. nigrum Lee., 5-5.8 mm. in
length, both have a range which favors their occurrence in the State.
The latter is a boreal species, known from Massachusetts, Michigan
and Wisconsin.
Group li. (PsSrUDOLATHRA.)
Small, slender, subdepressed species having the head small,
broadly rounded and subtruneate at base; maxillary palpi short and
stout; gular sutures widely separated and strongly divergent; an-
tennw reaching middle of elytra, rather stout, the joints obconic;
neck half as wide as head; thorax with median smooth area, defined
by impressed rows of punctures. The two known species occur in
the State.
S15 (2540). Laruroprum ANALE Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880,
177.
Elongate, very slender. Iead black; antenne, thorax and elytra pale
reddish-brown, shining; legs yellow ; abdomen piceous, paler at apex. Iead
rather coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax as wide or wider than
head, slightly longer than wide; sides straight, feebly converging from apex
to base, disk with a row of close set punctures each side of median line.
those on sides few and finer. Elytra slightly wider and but little longer
than thorax, with rows of very fine. shallow, indistinct punctures, confused
near tips. Abdomen a little narrower at base than elytra, minutely and
very densely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small triangular
notch. Length 3.4-3.7 min.
Lake, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April 21-May 19.
Sifted from damp vegetable debris.
$16 (——). Laruropium Lavicers Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XY,
1905, 129.
Slender, subparallel. Dari piceous; head black; antennme and legs dull
reddish-brown. Head rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax ob-
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 427
long, wider than head. sides nearly straight, disk rather coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third longer and two-fifths wider than tho-
rax, finely, rather closely punctate, the rows uneven. Abdomen finely and
densely punctate. Length 3.8 mm.
Described by Casey from Indiana and Mississippi.
GrouPr F. (LATHROTAXIS.)
Rather large, parallel and subdepressed species, having the up-
per surface except the abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate;
head usually narrower than elytra, its sides broadly rounded into
base; labrum with a large triangular notch; antenne rather long
and slender, filiform; elytral punctures sparse and in distinct rows.
*817 (2534). LATHROBIUM LONGUISCULUM Grav., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 181.
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra dull red, dusky at
middle of base; antennze and legs reddish-brown; abdomen piceous. Head
coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, slightly longer than
wide, a little wider than head, sides straight; disk with a wide smooth
median space bounded each side by an irregular row of close-set punctures,
elsewhere coarsely, very sparsely and irregularly punctate. Elytra one-
fourth wider and slightly longer than thorax, each with about six rows of
rather coarse, feebly impressed punctures. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, finely and rather closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a
shallow, broadly rounded notch at apex. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-November 28.
Hibernates beneath bark and logs in upland woods.
GrRour GG. (LINOLATHRA.)
Small, slender. subparallel polished species having the head nar-
rower than elytra; labrum short. broadly emarginate; thorax small,
chlong, the angles distinct; elvtra wider and never shorter than
thorax, their punctures in rows. One of the four species has been
taken in the State.
SIS (2543). LarHrosrum prmimpratuMm Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV,
1834, 455; ibid. II, 570.
Elongate, very slender. Head and abdomen black; thorax and elytra
dull red, the latter often blackish at base; antennze reddish-brown, legs
paler. Head coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly nar-
rower than head, a little longer than wide, sides straight; disk with a sin-
gle row of seven to nine rather coarse punctures each side of the median
smooth space; punctures on sides very fine and sparse. Elytra a fourth
wider and slightly longer than thorax, each with two or three rows of
rather coarse, distant, shallow punctures. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elstra. finely but not very closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a
shallow rounded notch at apex and with a deep, triangular impression be-
fore the notch; fifth ventral also with a slight notch. Length 3.8-4.5 mm.
428 FAMILY Xi.—STAPTYLINIDA.
Southern half of State, frequent; mueh less so northward.
March 6—October 10. Occurs beneath bark, vegetable debris, ete.
Grove H. (HULATHROBIUM.)
This group is represented by one species which is the largest of
the genus.
819 (2511). LATHROBIUM GRANDE Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 42.
Robust, parallel. Black, shining, finely pubescent; antennée and legs
dark reddish-brown. Head wider than long, rather finely, not densely punc-
tate, its sides rounded into the subtruncate base. Thorax oblong-oval,
slightly narrower than head, a little longer than wide; disk coarsely, deep-
ly, rather closely punctured, with «a narrow median smooth line. Elytra
slightly wider and distinctly longer than thorax, coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and rather closely punctate. Sixth
ventral of male with a small triangular tooth at apex. Length 10-11 mm.
Steuben and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 26—August 13. A
member of the boreal fauna.
Group I. (LATHROBIELLA. )
Rather small, more or less fusiform species having the head
small, its sides rounded into base; neck half as wide as head; thorax
rather large, oblong; elytra with the punctures in rows; abdomen
minutely and densely punctate.
The following species have been taken or probably occur in the
State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP I.
a. Form more convex, less slender; head narrower than thorax.; elytra
piceous or dark reddish-brown.
b. Fifth ventral finely and densely punctate like the fourth; elytral
punctures finer, more close set; sixth ventral of male with a broad
triangular notch. VENTRALE.
bb. Fifth and sixth ventrals less densely punctured; elytral punctures
coarser, in more regular impressed rows; sixth ventral of male
with an acute triangular notch. S20, COLLARE,
ad. Form more slender and depressed; head equal in width to thorax; ely-
tra pale, distinctly longer and wider than thorax.
c, Eyes of normal size and prominence, situated at distinctly less than
twice their own length from bage of head; clytva pale reddish-yel-
low, with a piceous cloud near seutelluin. RUBIDA.
ce, Hyes notably smaller, situnted at twice their own length from base:
elytra pale dull yellow. 821. AMBIGUUM.
L. ventvale Lee., 4 mm. in length, was deseribed from Pennsyl-
vania, Florida and Kansas. and therefore probably occurs in In-
diana,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 429
*820 (2537). LATHROBIUM COLLARE Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 599.
Elongate, slender. Tlead black, antenns and thorax reddish-brown ;
legs paler; abdomen piceous, the apex paler. Head as long as wide,
coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
much wider than head, sides feebly curved; disk with a smooth median
line, bounded each side hy an irregular row of fine punctures, and with a
few scattered ones each side. Elytra distinctly longer and a little wider
than thorax; abdomen slightly narrewer than elytra, densely and finely
punctate. Length 4.5-5.5 min.
Southern half of State, frequent; less so northward. February
10-November 1.
L. rubida Casey was deseribed from Pennsylvania, Indiana and
Mississippi. I have not seen a specimen from the State.
S21 (2538). LarivropiIuM amMbBiIGctumM Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., VII,
ISS0, 177.
Elongate, very slender, subdepressed. Head and abdomen picecus or
paler; remainder of body dull brownish-yellow. Head very sparsely punc-
tate; antenne rather thick, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax oblong, sides
straight; disk with a row of fine punctures each side of a smooth median
line, and with a few scattered ones on sides. Elytra slightly wider and
one-third longer than thorax, with rows of fine, close-set punctures. Ab-
domen narrower at base than elytra, thence feebly widening to fourth seg-
ment; densely and finely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small
triangular notch at apex. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko. Marshall. Posey and Perry counties; scarce.
April 19-July 24. Occurs beneath bark and rubbish in damp places.
GrovuP J. (MICROLATIIRA. )
One small. pale species represents this group in the State.
S22 (2541). LATHROBIUM PALLIPULUM Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1880, 177.
Elongate, very slender. Pale reddish-yellow, strongly shining. Head
as long as wide, finely «nd sparsely punctate, the base truncate; antennze
reaching base of thorax, joints short, rather stout. Thorax slightly longer
than wide. with a row of fine punctures along each side of a smooth median
line. Elytra one-fourth shorter and slightly wider than thorax, with indis-
tinct rows of fine. sparse punctures. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra.
feebly widened toward apex, finely not densely punctate. Sixth ventral of
mate with a small, broad triangular notch at apex. Length 3.84 mm.
\arshall, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. March 25-May
29. Oveurs beneath stones in open woodland pastures, often in
company with ants.
450 BAMILY X!.—STAPELY LINED.
XLVI. <AperocHaris Sharp. 1886. (Gr., ‘‘eating enough + to
delight in.’’)
Rather stout, parallel species, having the head broadly sinuate-
truncate at base; third joint of maxillary palpi elongate-oval; an-
tenn slender, reaching beyond middle of thorax; neck two-fifths
as wide as head; thorax subquadrate, the apex somewhat produced
forward at middle. One species ocenrs throughout the Eastern
United States.
S25 (2559). ADEROCHARIS CORTICINA Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 184.
Rather broad, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown, the entire up-
per surface minutely and densely punctate; antenne and legs paler; head
blackish. Head a little wider than long, its sides feebly curved. Thorax
slightly wider than long, a little narrower than head, sides straight, feebly
converging from the distinct apical to the broadly rounded basal angles.
Median smooth line very narrow. Elytra together quadrate, a little longer
and wider than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra; the sixth
ventral of male broadly and shallowly emarginate. Length 6-7 mm.
Marion and Monrce counties; rare. June 9-June 12. Taken by
sifting decaying maple logs. Described by Say from Posey County
under the name Lathrobium millepunctation,
XLVIT. Scrociraris Arrib. 1884.
Small, rather stout brown or piceous species having the two
basal joints of antenne much thickened, the second in our species
longer than third; gular sutures but slightly separated. closest to-
gether at base; neck less than half as wide as head; front tarsi more
or less dilated ; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than sce-
ond, joints two to four decreasing in leneth. One of the three
United States species occurs in Indiana.
S24 (——). ScrocHARIS CAROLINENSIS Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV;
1905, 157.
Parallel, moderately convex. Head piceous; antenne, legs and abdo-
men pale reddish-brown; thorax and elytra darker. Head as wide as ely-
tra, its sides feebly curved, finely and densely punctate. Thorax subquad-
rate, wider than long, widest at apex, its sides straight and feebly converg-
ing to base; disk finely and rather densely punctate, with a very narrow
smooth median line. Elytra one-third longer, slightly wider and a little
more coarsely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen as wide as
elytra, minutely and rather closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with
a broad notch at apex. Length 3 mm.
Orange County; rare. June 2. Sifted from decaying beech
stump.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 431
XLVI. ScrocHaretia Casey. 1905.
Closely related to Sciocharis. but differing hy the smaller size
and in the characters mentioned in the generic kev. One species
belongs to the Austroriparian fauna.
$25 (——-). ScIocHARELLA DELICATULA Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
XV, 1905, 159.
Slender, parallel. Pale to dull brownish-yellow, very minutely pune-
tate, alutacecus: legs and antenne paler. Head piceous, as long as wide.
Widest at the truncate base: eyes situated twice their length from base.
Second antennal joint as long as the next two combined and much thicker.
Thorax as long as wide, scarcely narrower than head, sides nearly straight,
angles scarcely rounded. Elytra quadrate. parallel. much wider than head,
a fifth wider and one-fourth longer than thorax. Length 1.5 mm.
Crawford and Posey counties: rare. May 26-June 3. Described
from Alabama.
XLIX. Tracuysectrs Casey. 1886.
Represented east of the Rocky Mountains by one small piceous
species having the gular sutures narrowly separated and nearest to-
gether in front of middle; neck half as wide as head; third joint of
antenna distinctly longer than second, the outer joints bead-like;
prosternum not carinate; upper surface coarsely and densely punc-
tured.
S2U (2560). TRACHYSECTUS CONFLUENS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV,
1834, 456; ibid. IT, 571.
Rather stout. parallel, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown tv piceous.
feebly shining; legs. tips of elytra and base of antenne paler. Head wider
than long, as wide as elytra, its hind angles broadly rounded; densely,
coarsely and strigosely punctured. Thorax narrower than head, wider
than long; disk with fine, lengthwise wrinkles. Elytra slightly wider and
one-third longer than thorax, finely, rather closely and roughly punctate.
Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra. thence feebly widened to
near apex, finely and densely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small
median notch. Length 3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 17-October 17. Oc-
curs beneath loose bark and dead leaves and in fungi. When un-
covered they run very rapidly. The elytra are not always paler at
tips and the thorax is often reddish on the sides.
L. Paramepon Casey. 1905. (Gr.. ‘‘over + provider.’’)
The principal distinguishing characters of this genus are the
strongly dilated front tarsi and the sexual characters of the males.
Its members hitherto known have all been from the Pacifie or South-
western States.
[28—23402]
432 FAMILY XT.--STAPTIYTLINI DOD.
S27 (——). DPARAMEDON FALLI sp. nov.
Elongate, rather slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown. finely and
sparsely pubescent; antenne, legs and last two segments of abdomen paler.
Head subquadrate, sides straight and parallel behind the eyes; surface
finely and rather densely punctate above, more sparsely beneath, the gular
sutures very close together. Antenne reaching almost to base of thorax,
basal joint as long as the next three; two to five oval, subequal, longer
than wide; six to ten transverse, eleventh slightly longer. Thorax nearly
square, sides almost straight, angles rounded, disk finely and rather closely
punctate. Hlytra slightly wider ard one-fourth longer than thorax, finely
and densely punctate. Abdomen very finely and more densely punctate.
Hind margin of fifth ventral of male with a broad and shallow rounded
emargination, on each side of which is a tuft of short stiff black bristles.
Length 4 mm.
Steuben County: rare. May 25. Sifted from a nest of mouse
at border of sphagnum marsh. Named in honor of TH. C. Fall of
Pasadena, California.
LI. Pseupomevon Rey. 1879. (Gr., ‘‘false + provider.’’)
Small, slender species, with the entire upper surface very finely
and densely punctate, subopaque; head small; gular sutures very
tine, widely separated, nearest together in front, thence widely di-
verging to hase; neck two-fifths as wide as head; front tarsi strongly
dilated in both sexes. Two species have been taken in the State.
S2S (——). PSEUDOMEDON RUFICOLLE Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L. NY.
1905, ISS.
Hlongate, slender. Head, elytra and abdomen dark reddish-brown ;
thorax pale dull red; antenna and legs paler. Iend as long as wide, three-
fourths as wide as thorax, its sides behind the eyes parallel and rounded
into base. Thorax subquadvate, as long as wide, sides feebly curved, the
angles broadly rounded. Elytra one-third longer and slightly wider than
thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra, thence distinctly tapering to
apex. Sixth ventral of male with a small rounded emargination at apex.
Length + min.
Steuben, Starke, Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; searee.
April 23-Octoher 17. Taken by sifting vegetable debris.
S29 (——). PsrupoMEDON THORACICUM Casey, Trans. Aead. Sci. St. Tn, XV,
THOS, TSS.
Form of preceding. Uniform black or very dark piceous; antenme and
legs paler. Tlead almost as wide as thorax, the latter slightly wider than
long, as wide almost as elytra; otherwise as ruficolle. Length 3.4 mm.
Marshall County; rare. May 20.) Taken from beneath rubbish
at margin of lake.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGFR BEETLES. 433
LIL, Scopes Eriehs. 1840. (Gr.. ‘fa dwarf.’’)
Very small and delicate species having the labrum short. trans-
verse and toothed; last joint of maxillary palpi acute. distinct;
ligula tricuspid: antenne filiform. subacuminate toward apex, the
first Joint moderately elongate, second and third obconic. the re-
mainder oval; thorax oblong. more or less narrowed in front. Casey
has subdivided the genus as defined by Erichson into a number of
genera, herewith treated as groups or subgenera, three of which are
perhaps represented in Indiana, though members of but two have
as vet been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF SCOP_EUS.
a. Neck extremely slender.
b. Hind tarsi rather short, the basal joint never more than slightly
longer than second; body minute in size, more or less alutaceous;
gular sutures rather widely separated. Group A. Scop-£ts.
bb. Hind tarsi long, slender, the basal joint always distinctly longer than
second; body subparallel, strongly convex, very minutely punctu-
late and pubescent; gular sutures virtually united from a short
distance behind the mentum. Group B. ScoPp.Zopsis.
aa, Neck moderately narrow, varying from a fourth to nearly a third as
wide as head; gular sutures more or less widely separated. farthest
apart at base: labrum with four teeth; hind tarsi short, the basal
joint but little longer than second; color black. polished. more or less
sparsely punctate. Group C. PycNnorvs.
Grove A. (Scop-£vs.)
Of the 20 or more species ascribed to this group by Casey. but
one has as yet been taken in the State.
S30 (2546). Scopes Extetts Erichs., Gen. Spec. Stapb., 1840, GOs,
Slender, parallel. Head and elytra blackish piceous: thorax dusky yel-
low ; abdomen blackish. paler at tip; antennze and legs pale yellow. Head
slightly longer than wide. minutely and densely punctate above, more
sparsely beneath, truncate-xinuate at hase. Thorax oblong. slightly longer
than wide, but little narrower and less densely punctate than head; sides
obliquely truncate on apical third, thus narruwing to apex. Elytra dis-
tinctly wider than head and therax. but slightly longer than the latter.
finely and densely punctate. Abdomen at bise slixhtly narrower than ely-
tra, minutely and densely punctate. Length 24 nun.
Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 6—June 12. Taken
by sifting damp vegetable debris.
GRovuP B. (Sc oPpX0PsIs.)
S. duryi Casey. 4 mm. in length. piceous black. head, thorax and
antenne dusky yellow. was described from Cincinnati and was
434 PAMILY XI.—-STAPHYLUINID-E.
sifted from a patch of withered fungus. Very probably oceurs in
southern Indiana.
Grovur C. (PycNorus.)
Body rather thick and convex; legs stout, the front tarsi dilated ;
front angles of thorax obliterated. One of the three species as-
eribed to the group has been taken in the State.
$31 (2548). Scopasus penTicER Lec., Trans. Amer. Bnt. Soc., VIII, 1880,
179.
Elongate, convex. Black, feebly shining, thinly clothed with very fine
gray pubescence; antennw and tarsi dark reddish-brown ; legs and abdo-
men piceous. Head longer than wide, truncate at base, very minutely and
sparsely punctate above, more distinctly beneath. Antenne reaching base
of thorax, the outer joints scarcely thicker. Thorax elongate-oval, one-
third longer than wide, sides feebly curved, converging from middle to
base and apex; disk, as well as that of elytra, finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Blytra as long and searcely wider than thorax. Abdomen as wide
as elytra, minutely and densely punctate. Length 3-3.2 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 24. Sifted from sphagnum
moss at edge of tamarack marsh. The males have the femora
thicker, the hind ones bent, concave beneath, the curved edge finely
serrate and with a tooth near trochanter.
LIT. Srmicus Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘a style.’’)
Small slender species having the labrum broadly rounded or
subtruneate at apex; second joint of maxillary palpi much shorter
than third; head rounded or subtruneate at hase; surface usually
coarsely punctured. The head is narrowed behind and the thorax
in front, the two parts being united by a mere point, giving to them
the aspect of small ants. The following species have been taken or
probably occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OT STILICUS.
w. Under surface of head densely punctured.
b. Upper surface finely and densely punctate; head subquadrate, trun-
eate at base; elytra with the outer apical angles broadly pale.
OPACULUS.
bb. Upper surface of head and thorax coarsely, elytra finely and sparsely
punctured; tips of elytra pale; head rounded at base; thorax with-
out a smooth median line. RUDIS.
ad. Under surface of head sparsely punctured.
e, Labrum with two acute teeth at apex; sculpture above not very fine
and dense.
d. Head not strigosely punctured above; thorax with a broad, smooth
dorsal line; elytra distinctly wider than head. 832. ANGULARIS,
dd. Wead and thorax strigosely punctured above.
THE SIIORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 435
ec. Elytra bronzed brown, the tips narrowly pale, more widely to-
ward sides; wider than head, finely and very sparsely punc-
tate. S833. DENTATUS.
ce. Piceous black; elytra scarcely at all paler at tip, not wider than
head, rather closely punctate. 834. BIARMATUS.
cc, Labrum with feur teeth, the outer pair very small, the inner pair
short, broad and widely separated; surface very finely and densely
punctate; head rounded behind; prosternum strongly carinate.
TRISTIS.
S. opaculus Lec., 4 mm. in length, has been taken at Cincinnati;
and SN. rudis Lec., +.5 mm. in length, in Illinois.
S32 (2554). STIIcUS ANGULARIS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 634.
Dark reddish-brown, shining: elytra with tips «
pale; abdomen piceous; legs pale yellow. Head as
wide as long, broadly rounded and subtrunecate at
base. coarsely and densely punctate. the punctures
rounded, shallow, each bearing a minute hair. Tho-
rax but little longer than wide, three-fourths as
wide as head. the obtuse angles at apical third dis-
tinetly rounded; disk sparsely and coarsely punec-
tured op sides with a broad smooth median line.
Elytra one-half wider and one-third longer than tho-
rax, finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen nar-
rewer at base than elytra, minutely and rather
closely punctate. Fifth ventral of male feebly flat-
tened. its apex truncate without a tooth. Length
3.8-4 mm. (Fig. 164.) Fig. 164. Original.)
Marion. Monroe, Lawrence and Spencer counties; scarce. April
12-July 29. Occurs beneath carrion and leaves.
838 (2556). STILictUs bENTATUs Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. TV. 1S34,.
457: ibid. II. 575.
Head, thorax and elytra dark reddish-bruwn, the elytra strongly shin-
ing; abdomen black; antennze reddish-brown; legs and tips of elytra pale
yellow. Head longer than wide, strongly rounded at base, its punctures
elongate and dense. Thorax three-fifths as wide as head; disk with length-
wise wrinkles. the median smooth line very narrow, forming an obtuse
carina. Elytra three-fourths wider and a third longer than thorax. Al-
domen at base narrower than elytra, thence gradually widening, surface
shining, finely and sparsely punctate. Fifth ventral of male with a me-
dian tooth. Length 3.74 mm.
Putnam. Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March 20~Novem-
ber 28. Taken by sifting damp leaves and in fungi.
S84 (2557). STmLicus BIARMATUS Lec.. Trans. Amer, Ent. Soe., VIII, 1880,
17s.
Piceous black. Elytra scarcely at all paler at tip; antenne and legs
dusky yellow. Ilead as wide as long, its base broadly rounded, surface, as
436 PAMILY X1.—STAPLY LINDE,
well as that of thorax, densely and strigosely punctate. Thorax three-
fifths as wide as head, median smooth line narrow. Elytra one-third wider
but not longer than thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra. Tifth
ventral of male with two small tubercles on hind margin. Length 3.7-4 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 25. Sifted from vegetable
debris at edge of tamarack swamp. <A member of the boreal fauna.
NS. dristis Melsh., 5.5-7 mm. in length, has been taken near Cin-
vinnati and ranges from Pennsylvania to Arizona. It doubtless oc-
curs in southern Indiana.
LIV. Mueastinicus Casey. 1889. (Ur, ‘‘large +style.’’)
This genus was erected by Casey upon a very stout form with
a small orbieular head, having the body, especially the margins,
thickly clothed with short, stiff bristles.
835 (9650). M&GASTITICUS FORMICARIUVUS Casey, Hntom. Amer., V, 1889, 185.
Dark reddish-brown, opaque; head and abdomen piceous. TIlead nearly
circular, not punctured but coarsely alutaceous; neck exceedingly small:
antennie reaching base of thorax, stout, the joints closely united. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, widest one-third from upex, the sides thence
rapidly converging to apex, nearly straight to base; disk coarsely alu-
taceous, the median line smoother. Elytra three-fourths wider and one-
third longer than thorax, finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen
short and broad, strongly margined, less than one-half longer than elytra,
finely and densely punctate. Length 5 mm.
Putnam and Spencer counties; rare, April 9-June 13. Occurs
in the large cone-shaped nests of ants, especially those of Mormica
erscclordes,
LV. Leprogentus Casey, 1905.
Minute reddish-brown species having the eyes very small; la-
bram with four teeth; antennw extremely short. not longer than
head; neck about one-fifth as wide as head; thorax obliquely nar-
rowed in front. Two species occur in the Kastern United States,
one of which has been taken in Indiana,
SOG (9057). LeprogeNtUs BREVICORNIS Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
NV, 1905, LAT.
Slender, subparallel, feebly convex. Taide reddish-brown, closely, coarsely
and rugosely punctate; elytra somewhat darker. Head longer than wide,
its sides parallel. Thorax three-fourths the width of bead, about as long
as wide, base twice as wide as apex, median line feebly carinate Blytra
together as long as wide, one-third wider and a fourth lonver than thorax.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, Length 1.7 nin.
FPHE -TIORT-WINGED ~ AVENGER BRETLE>. a0f
Southern half of State; frequent. March 25-May 11. Taken
by sifting and from deeaying fruit. One of the smallest of Staphy-
linids.
LVI. Peperts Gray. 1506. Gr.. ‘‘a precious stone.’’)
Sqwall, slender. convex species. sparsely clothed with erect hairs
and having the prosternum shortened between and under the coxa’.
not reaching iesosternum: neck one-third the width of head, labrum
emarginate at apex: last joint of maxillary palpi obtuse: tarsi with
the fourth joint bilobed leneath. Three <pecies are known from
the State. all colored alike. being reddish-yellow, shining. with the
head and last two segments of abdomen black; elytra dark blue.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF P-EDERUS.
«. Elytra much shorter than wide; distinctly shorter than thorax, sparsely.
coarsely and deeply punctate. Soe. PALUSTRIS,
aa. Elytra subquadrate, at least as lone ax wide, and as long as or longer
than thorax.
b. Thorax ovate: elytral punctures coarse. deep. rather ¢luse-set through-
out. SSS. LITTORARITS.
4, Thorax elengate-oval: elytral punctures shallow, much less cuarse
and very sparse. obsolete toward apex. SOU. OBLITERATT Ss.
SST €2572). PEDERTS PALUSTRIS Aust.. Proc. Bost. Suc, Nat. Hist.. NIX. 47.
Elongate. slender. Antenne picerus. the apical and four basal joint<
pale, the outer joints gradually thickened. Head suborbicalar. as wide as
Jong. rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax elongate-cval. slightly
narrower than head. very sparsely punctate. Elytra as mentioned in key.
the basal angles very broadly rounded. Abdomen as wide as elytra. mi-
nutely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Starke. Knox and Posey counties: searee. April 1s—Tune 17.
Sifted from debris along the margins of ponds and lakes.
SUS (25759. PaeDERUS LITTORARIUS Grav., Mon. Col. Mier., 1900, 142.
Elongate, slender. subparallel. Antenne picevus at middle. the hase
and twe or three apical joints pale. the cuter joints not enlarged. Head
slightly longer than wide, base broadly rounded: surface, as well as that of
thorax and abdomen. finely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax convex.
slightly lonzer than wide, a little narrower than head; sides feebly curved.
Elytra equal in length to and one-fourth wider than thorax. Abdomen a
little narrower than elytra. parallel. Male with the slit of the sixth ven--
tral three tiniex as deep a~ wide. Length 4.2-5.5 mm.
Throughout the state: common. February 14—-November 10.
Oceurs especially in open woodland. Hibernates beneath and be-
tween the leaves of mullein.
438 FAMILY N1—-STAPILYLINIDIY.
839 (2575). Pasperus oBiireratus Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878,
“395.
Blongate, very slender. Ilead as broad as long, slightly wider than
thorax and, like the latter, very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax
elongate-oval, sides feebly curved. FElytra distinctly longer than wide, a
fourth wider and slightly longer than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
minutely and sparsely punctate. Male with the sixth ventral cleft nearly
to base. Length 4.7-5.2 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. October 26, Occurs along the borders
of the lareer lakes and the seacoast of the Kastern United States,
LVIL. Suniros Steph. 1831. (Gr., ‘‘to be together.’’)
Elongate, very slender species having the labrum short. trun-
cate, bidentate; prosternum carinate; hase of head more or less
broadly curved and truncate; basal joint of hind tarsi much elon-
eated, the fourth joint of all the tarsi bilobed beneath. The follow-
ing species have heen taken or probably oceur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SUNIUS.
a. Head black or piceous.
bv. Elytra in part, sometimes almost wholly, black.
c. Abdomen wholly dark; elytra pale at apex.
d. Elytra distinctly longer than thorax; head more densely punc-
tured beneath. CINCTUS.
dd. Elytra equal to or shorter than thorax; head less densely punc-
tured beneath. 840. LINEARIS.
ce, Abdomen reddish-yellow, usually black at tip; elytra subequal in
length and width to thorax, with a large dark spot on outer side
behind the middle. S41. BINOTATUS.
bb. Elytra wholly pale, smal, equal to cr shorter than thorax; body
wholly pale except the head and last two segments. BREVIPENNIS.
ada. Head and entire body except the last two segments pule; elytra dis-
tinctly longer than thorax. S42. DISCOPUNCTATUS.
NS. cinctus Say, 8.5-4.5 mm. in length, occurs from New York to
Towa. It is usually listed as proliirus Erichs,. but Say's name has
priority.
840 (——). SUNTUS LINEARIS Brichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 639.
Wlongate. parallel. Black or piceous, subopaque: legs, antennze and
apical third of elytra pale yellow. Tlead as wide as long, slightly wider
than thorax, its surface, as well as that of the latter, conrsely and densely
punctured, the punctures elongate. Thorax oval, as wide as long, sides
feebly curved, base slightly narrower than apex. Elytra a little wider.
about as long and more coarsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen at base
slightly narrower than elytra, gradually and feebly widening toward apex.
finely and densely punctate. Length 4.4 mm.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 439
Throughout the State: frequent. Mareh 20-May 19. Taken by
sifting. Probably hibernates as image. This. as well as the other
species, runs with great rapidity when disturbed.
S41 (2579). Stunts prvotatus Say. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III, 1825.
154: ibid. II, 99.
Very slender, parallel. Head. a large spot on elytra and tip of abdo-
men black; thorax, base and suture of elytra and base of abdomen reddish-
yellow: antenne, legs and tip of abdomen pale yellow. Head longer than
wide. wider than therax and elytra. Thorax elongate-oval, the sides feebly
converging from apical third to base: surface, as well as that of head and
elytra. punctured as in linearis. Abdomen slender, gradually broader be-
hind. Length 3.5-+ mm.
Marion and Putnam counties: s-aree. April +-October 10.
Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
S. brevipcnnis Austin. 3-3.7 mm. in length. oecurs from Massa-
chusetts to Iowa and doubtless inhabits Indiana.
SSt2 ¢———). SUNIUS pIscopUNcTATUs Say, Trans. Amer. (hil, Soc. TV.
Ash4. 4575 ibid. IT, 572.
Very slender. subparallel. Pale reddish-yellow. last two abdominal
segments black. Head rather small, narrower than elytra. Thorax oval.
narrower than head, slightly longer than wide. sides rounded at apical
fourth, thence feebly converging to base: punctate as in lincaris. Elytra
a third longer and distinctly wider than thorax. Abdomen at base slightly
narrower than elytra, its sides almost parallel. Length 3.s—+ mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 20-November 28.
Occurs especially beneath stones, bark. ete.. in high. open woodland.
Listed as longiusculus Mann.. of which it is usually considered a
synonym, but Casey says the latter is a Pacific Coast species. with
much larger elytra.
LVIIL Stiicopsis Sachse. 1852.) (Gr.. ‘style + face.’’)
Minute pale species having the thorax almost circular, its median
line finely elevated; elytra short with diverging sides: abdomen
hroad, convex.
S48 (2582). STILICOPSIS PARADONA Sachse.. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 144.
Short. parallel. Pale yellow throughout. Head scarcely as long as
wide. coarsely and densely punctate. its sides reunded into the slender
neck; eyes prominent. coarsely granulate; antenne reaching middle of tho-
rax. the outer jeints somewhat thickened. Thorax equal to head in width.
nearly circular, rather densely sranulate-punctate. Elytra distinctly wider
and shorter than thorax. coarsely, closely and rugesely punctate. Abdo-
men at middje wider than elytra. Suely. densely and reuzhly punctate.
Length 2.5-2.7 Dun.
440 FAMILY XI,—STAPHYLINID.E.
Putnam County; scarce. March 26-October 10. Sifted from
damp vegetable debris.
Tribe II. PINOPHILINI.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical species having the fourth joint
of maxillary palpias long as the third and obliquely hatchet-shaped.
Two genera compose the tribe, both of which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF PINOPHILINI.
a. Abdomen distinctly margined; species black or piceous.
LIX. PINOPHILUS.
aa. Abdomen not margined; species usually pale yellow.
LX. PALAMINUS.
LIX. Prnopuius Gray. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘filthiness + loving.’’)
Rather large blackish species having the head short, wider than
long, about as wide as thorax, its base truncate; neck one-half the
width of head; antenne very slender, reaching nearly to base of
thorax; mandibles long, strongly curved, cach with a blunt median
tooth which is notched at apex; eves large, very close to base of
head; basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three, fourth joint
bilobed. Only isolated descriptions of the five North American spe-
cies are extant. Two are known from Indiana.
S44 (2585). PINoPHILtUs LATIPES Gravy., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 202.
Klongate, parallel. Black, fecbly shining, sparsely clothed with gray-
ish hairs. Antenne, legs and hind margins of abdominal segments pale
reddish-yellow. Ileud very finely and sparsely punctate, with a number of
coarse, deep punctures above and behind the eyes. Thorax slightly longer
than wide; base and apex truncate; sides nearly straight, feebly converg-
ing from apex to base; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and irregularly punc-
tate. Hlytra slightly wider and nearly one-half longer than thorax, coarsely.
deeply and densely punctate. Abdomen at base a little narrower and more
finely and sparsely punctate than elytra. Front tarsi of male short, very
strongly dilated, the joints membranous and overlapping. Length 13-15 mm.
Southern half of State: searee. Mareh 8-December 3. Oceurs
singly beneath logs and stones in upland woods. One of the longest
of our Staphylinids.
S45 (2588). Prnopuinvs opacus Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 49.
Smaller and more slender than lutipcs. Black, subopaque, head and
thorax feebly shining; antenne, palpi and legs pale yellow. Elytra much
more finely and deeply punctate, but slightly longer than thorax. .\bdo-
men more finely punctate. Length S—) min.
Lake County; rare. May 30. One specimen from the beach of
Lake Michigan,
IIE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGRI: BEETLES, 441
LX. Pauamines Erichs. i540. (Gr., ‘‘hand.’’)
Small, slender, subeylindrical species, having the head broader
than long, its base truncate immediately behind the eyes; antenne
slender, longer than head and thorax; last joint of maxillary palpi
relatively shorter and broader than in Pinophilus. Abdomen eylin-
drical, narrower than elytra, its sides not margined.
$846 (2592). PALAMINUS TESTACEUS Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 683.
Klongate, very slender. Pale reddish-yellow, shin-
ing, sparsely clothed with long yellowish hairs; abdo-
men reddish-brown; antenne and legs pale yellow.
Head rounded in front, coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate. ‘Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long,
sides rounded into base, which is but slightly nar-
rower than apex; disk convex, coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and twice as
long as thorax, rather coarsely, not densely punctate.
First four segments of abdomen with coarse overlap-
ping, scale-like granules; the fifth and sixth smooth.
Last ventral of male with middle lobe curved, bent to
one side and obliquely truncate at tip. Length 3.5-
4mm. (Fig. 165.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 18— — M& 1 (riginal)
June 21. Taken by sifting; also on fungi and beneath bark. Their
motion is wriggling or vermicular, like that of a worm or snake.
S47 (2597). PALAMINUS LARVALIS Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 49.
Elongate, very slender. Color of testaceus, the head darker and shorter.
Thorax obcordate, much narrower at base than apex, coarsely and very
sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly narrower and not longer than thorax,
coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate; abdomen as in testaceus, the imbri-
cated scales extending to middle of fifth segment. Length 3.2 mm.
Starke County; rare. May 19. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
Subfamily V. TACHYPORINAE,
Rather short and broad convex Staphylinids, having the body
conical and pointed behind; antennw widely separated at base, in-
serted at the sides of the front above the base of mandibles, usually
beneath the side margin of the front, sometimes free, but never be-
neath a projecting ridge as in the Piederine; head narrower than
thorax, its base not constricted but covered by the front of thorax;
front coxe large, conical and prominent. their trochanters very dis-
tinct ; spiracles of thorax distinct; hind coxw transverse or triangu-
lar; tibia with numerous spines; abdomen conical, often bordered
and terminated with divergent spines.
442 PAMILY X1.—S8TAPITYLINID.E.
The one paper treating of the North American species of the
subfamily is by
Horu.—‘ Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Staphylinid
Tribe Tachyporini of the United States,’’ i Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, 81-128.
The subfamily is separated into five tribes, and these in turn into
genera.
KEY TO TRIBES OF TACHYPORIN.E.
a. lind cox transverse, reaching the side pieces of the metathorax.
b. Antenne 10-jointed; tarsi 4-jointed.
Tribe I. Hypocyprini, p. 442.
bb. Antenne 11-jointed; tarsi 5-jointed.
c. First joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as tibie; hind coxe ap-
parently united with the metasternuin.
Tribe II. TRIcHOPYINI, p. 442.
ec. First joint of hind tarsi moderate or short; hind cox free.
d. Wead not margined on the sides beneath the eyes; elytra dis-
tinctly longer than the thorax, minutely and irregularly punc-
tate. Tribe III. TacHyporini, p. 443.
dd. Head margined on the side beneath the eyes; elytra about as
long as thorax, smooth or with three or more rows of punc-
tures. Tribe IV. Borrroprint, p. 452.
ad. Hind coxse triangular, prominent; antennse 11-jointed; tarsi 5-jointed;
head not margined. Tribe V. HAaBRocERINI, p. 457.
aoe
Tribe I. HYPOCYPTINI.
Very small, broadly oval pubescent species, which occur for the
most part in the nests of ants. When disturbed they bend the head
under the body which, together with their convex forms, gives them
the appearance of little globes or balls. No representative of the
tribe has been taken in the State, thongh Dury has taken Microcyp-
tus testaceus Lec. from the nest of a small black ant near Cincin-
nati. Tt is reddish-vellow, with the middle coxe narrowly sepa-
rated; mesosternum earinate: length .8 mim.
Hypocyptis longicornis Payk., black, legs and antennw pale vel-
low, middle coxw widely separated, mesosterntun Aat, leneth 1mm.
may oceur in the southern half of the State.
Tribe II. TRICHOPYINI.
Two genera represent this tribe in the Eastern United States,
both of which occur in the nests of white ants (Termes). Both
genera have a southern range and both are perhaps represented in
southern Indiana, though only the single species of one has as yet
been taken.
TILE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 443
KEY TO GENERA OF TRICHOPYINI.
@. Body broad, narrowed behind. clothed with long, sparse, bristly hairs;
thorax narrowed in front, not impressed. LXI. TRIcHOPSENIUS.
aa. Body narrower; thorax not narrowed in front, with an apical impres-
sion, the bottom of which is membranous. XENISTUSA.
LXJI. Trrcnopsentvs Horn. 1877. (Gr., ‘little hair + like.’’)
Represented in southern Indiana and southward hy one small
form having the tibia distinetly spinnlose, middle coxe contiguous ;
abdomen and elytra not margined.
S48 (2602). TRICHOPSENIUS DEPRESSUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI,
1877, 88.
Oblong, depressed. Brownish-yellow, glabrous, very shining and with-
out punctures. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides slightly curved,
base truncate, hind angles acute. Elytra each quadrate, as long as broad,
together not wider and a little shorter than thorax, and with three trans-
verse rows of erect yellowish hairs. Abdomen conical and bearing numerous
sparse, erect hairs. Length 1.2 mm.
Crawford County. May 15. Four or five specimens were taken
in the nests of Termes flavipes Koll., beneath flat stones near the
mouth of Wyandotte Cave.
Tribe I1I. TACHYPORINI.
Rather short, broad species. with a conical abdomen, which is
never turned upward when disturbed, as is the habit of most other
Staphylinids. Thev occur in fungi, dung and other decaying matter.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TACHYPORINI.
a. Abdomen with a narrow margin; tibis with a fringe of uneven spinules
at tip.
b. Mesosternum not carinate.
ec. Maxillary palpi filiform; body oblong, somewhat depressed, mod-
erately tapering; length 3-6 mn. LAIL ‘Tacsirxes,
cc. Maxillary palpi awl-shaped ; body short, convex, abruptly tapering ;
length less than 3 mim. LXIII. TAacHyports.
bb. Mesosternum carinate; maxillary palpi filiform; front tarsi of male
simple. 7
d. Blytra not extended at sides below the body. CILEA.
dd. Elytra projected at the sides below the body. LNIV. ErcHomts.
aa. Abdomen not margined; surface finely pubescent; tibise with a fringe
of equal spines at tip. LXV. ConosoMa.
LNII. Tactuncs Grav. 1802. (Gr., ‘‘swift.’’)
A large genus, the species of which are very difficult to separate,
unless both sexes are present. The males have the front tarsi always
dilated and the last or seventh ventral segment deeply divided, form-
444 PAMILY XU—STAPHYLINED.E,
ing processes or laciniw of varying shape, frequently long and slen-
der and decurved, resembling somewhat the forceps of an earwig,
often broader in the form of triangular plates. The sixth segment
varies also in form and sculpture, the hind margin being notched in
most species and the surface concave or impressed, the impression
often wholly or partly filled with very short, stout bristles, thus
forming a ‘‘spongy space.’’ The hind margin of the sixth ventral
in part of the species is also pectinate or fringed on each side with
stiff, close-set spinules, thus forming a comb-like structure.
In the femalc the front tarsi are not dilated and the last ventral
is (a) either entire and fringed behind with short equal spinules
(flavipennis and circumcinetus only) or (b) divided into six rather
long and slender processes. In the latter case the last dorsal is tri-
lobed, with the iniddle lobe either entire, emarginate, bifid or trifid
at apex. In the key the characters given pertain only to the male,
unless the female be mentioned specifically.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHINUS.
w. Sixth ventral pectinate on its hind margin.
b. Sixth ventral with a spongy space on the center of the impression ;
female with middle lobe of last dorsal shorter than the side lobes,
slender and feebly notched at tip. S49. MEMNONIUS.
bb. Sixth ventral without a spongy space at middle, very deeply emargi-
nate, the angles prolonged.
c. Spindles on hind margin of sixth ventral bordering the entire
emargination ; female with middle lobe of last dorsal as long as
the side lobes, deeply divided to form two slender processes; pic-
eous, the sides and base of thorax paler. 850. REPANDUS.
ec. Spinules divided into three groups; pale veddish-yellow; length
3.5 min. SCRUTATOR,
ad, Sixth ventral segment not pectinate on hind margin.
d. Form parallel; abdomen not narrowed except at tip; female as in
repandus. PARALLELUS.
dd. Abdomen gradually narrowed from base to tip.
e. Sixth ventral with a spongy space on its middle.
f. Abdomen rather coarsely punctured; elytra clay-yellow; female
with Jast ventral entire, last dorsal with the three lobes united.
851. FLAVIPENNIS.
ff. Abdomen very obsoletely punctured; female with middle lobe of
last dorsal as long as and broader than the side lobes, the tip
notched one-third toward base. S52. LURIDUS.
ec, Sixth ventral without a spongy space on its middle.
gy. First two ventrals strongly carinate at middle.
Ah. Processes of last ventral long and curved; last dorsal with
four acute teeth; elytra pale brown, their tips piceous; fe-
male with middle lobe broad, shorter than side ones, and
triangalarly notched at tip. S538. PIMBRIATUS,
THE SILORT-WINGED SCAVENGER LEETLES. 445
hh. Processes shorter, straight; last dorsal with short teeth: fe-
male as in paraliclus. PICIPES.
gg. First two ventrals not or feebly carinate.
i, Sixth ventral concave. emarginate behind.
j. Hind margin of sixth ventral emarginate at middle and
sides: female with middle lobe broad, as long as the side
ones. its tip broadly triangularly notched. SCHWARZI.
jj. Hind margin emarginate at middle only.
k. Thorax entirely dull yellow; female with middle lobe
shorter than side ones. broadly oval, rarely with a feeble
notch at tip. _ LIMBATUS.
‘ kk. Thorax picecus with narrow pale border; elytra distinctly
punctate; female as in luridus. SiH. PALLIPES.
ii, Sixth ventral net concave or emarginate.
7. Last dorsal with four teeth: elytra coarsely and irregularly
punctured: female as in flavipennis. CIRCUMCINCTUS.
il. Last dorsal with three teeth; elytra coarsely and evenly
punctured; female as in luridus. NITIDULOIDES.
S49 (26081. TACHINUS MEMNONIUS Grav... Men, Col, Mier. 1806, 792.
Uniform piceous. moderately shining; lezs and antenne reddish-brown.
Thorax one-half longer than wide. sides broadly curved, hind angles obtuse ;
disk minutely alutaceous. Elytra tegether one-third longer than wide. finely
alutaceous. very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Southern half of State. frequent; probably throughout. Octo-
ber 4-November >. Occurs in decaving fungi.
Sou (2615). TacHINUS REPANDUs Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. VIL IST? 7.
Piceous. shining. very finely alutacevus: sides and base of thorax red-
dish-yellow ; antenne lon. slender. piceous, the twe basal joints paler; legs
dull yellow. Head. thorax and elytra very minutely punctulate. Elytra ax
broad as long. Abdominal segments wrinkled at middle. Laxt ventral of
male deeply divided, the lobes straight. Length 4.4-5 mm.
Putnam County: rare. September 25.
T. scrutator Horn. dark reddish vellow, 3.5 mm. in length, was
described from Illinois. while T. purallelus Horn, 6—6.5 mm. in
length. piceous. with thorax. elytra. legs and antenne reddish-
brown. is recorded from Tlinois and Canada.
S51 (261%. TACHINUS FLAVIPENNIS Dej.. Cat.. 1826.
Head and thorax black. shining; elytra pale clay yellow; antenne
dusky. the basal joints and legs reddish-brown: abdomen and under sur-
face piceous. Head and thorax very finely and indistinctly punctate. Ely-
tra together scarcely longer than wide. minutely punctate. Abdomen finely
punctured above, more coarsely beneath. Length © min.
Kosciusko County; frequent Io-wllv. June 24. Taken from
white fleshy fungi.
446 FAMILY XIL—STAPHYLINIDA®.
852 (2620). Tacninus Luripus Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 920.
Head black; legs, sides of thorax, basal two-thirds, sides and tip of
elytra dull yellow; antenn:e reddish-brown, the four basal joints paler; un-
der surface.and abdomen picecus. Head and thorax minutely alutaceous,
very finely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra together one-third longer than
wide, more distinctly alutaceous. sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen
punctured as elytra, almost smooth beneath. Length 5-5.6 mm.
Laporte County; rare. May 7.
853 (2621). TacniInus rimBRIATUS Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 191.
Head and thorax black, shining; elytra pale chestnut brown, tip nar-
rowly piceous; antennie black, four basal joints and the last one pale; ab-
domen, under surface and legs piceous. Head and thorax finely alutaceous,
minutely punctate. Elytra together as wide as long, minutely alutaceous,
rather coarsely and irregularly punctate, some of the punctures in evident
rows. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctulate above, more coarsely beneath.
Length 7-9 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 11—October 6. Occurs
in fleshy fungi. Our largest and broadest species. The first two
ventrals of both sexes are carinate between the hind coxe.
T. picipes Erichs, uniform piceous, 7-8 mm. in length, occurs
from Canada to Virginia; 7. schwarz Horn, also piceous and 8 mm.
in length, has heen taken at Detroit and near Cincinnati; J. lim-
batus Melsh., 7-7.5 mm. in length, is known from the Middle States
and near Cincinnati.
854 (2626). TacuiInus PALLIPES Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 20.
_ Piceous black, shining; legs, margin of thorax, hase and sides of elytra
and four basal joints of antenna. reddish-yellow. Head and thorax finely
alutaceous, minutely and sparsely punctulate. Blytra slightly longer than
wide, finely but distinctly punctured, finely alutaceous. Abdomen more
finely punctured than elytra. Length 5-G mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 21-October 4. Oc-
curs beneath bark and on fungi. Also taken in numbers March 16
from beneath a mass of old honeycomb.
T. circumcinclus Makl., piceous, elytra chestnut brown, length
4.5 mm., is a boreal species recorded from Michigan and Kansas;
T. nitiduloides Morn, piceous with sides of thorax and tips of elytra
paler, length 3 inm., is said to he found from Canada to Maryland,
and is reported from Cineinnati by Dury.
LATE. Tacuyporus Grav. 1806. (Gr. ‘swift + to walk.’’)
Short, broad, convex species having the abdomen abruptly taper-
ing and beset with bristly hairs. The males have the front tarsi
distinetly dilated, the sixth ventral triangularly notched and the
THE SHORT-WINGED St AVENGER BEETLES. A447
last dorsal with entire hind margin. The females have the front
tarsi feebly or not at all dilated. last ventral semi-circular and the
last dorsal with four equal acute teeth.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYPORUS.
a. Form convex and rather robust.
b. Color in great part pale reddish-brown or reddish-yellow.
c. Elytra bicolored.
d. Under surface picecus.
e. Elytra with sides and an oblique discal spot on each black;
abdominal segments piceous at base. $55. WACULIPENNIS.
ee. Elytra with basal half or two-thirds shining black; abdomen
above reddish-yellow, the last two segments black.
$56. PULCHRUS.
dd. Under surface. except last two segments. pale; elytra with scu-
tellar blotch only black. S57. ELEGANS.
ec. Elytra uniform in color or slightly darker around the scutellum ;
thorax and elytra paler than abdomen.
f. Thorax not broader than elytra, rapidly narrower to apex.
S58. TOCOSUS.
ff. Thorax broader than elytra, its sides strongly curved.
S59. CHRYSOMELINUS.
bb. Color pitchy black; apex of elytra paler; femora and cox piceous.
NANUS.
ad, Form more or less depressed. slender.
g. Color dark fusesus brown to pitchy black; elytra in part or wholly
paler; third joint of maxillary palpi normal. $60. SCITTLUs.
gg. Color reddish-yellow ; third joint of maxillary palpi stout.
S61. BRUNNEUS.
#855 (2632). TacHYPORUS MACULIPENNiS Lec... Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
S66, 374.
Head black. smooth; thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, strongly
shining; elytra each with an oblique spot near middle and an oblong one
on side, black, these sometimes united; basal portion of abdominal segments
and under surface piceous; legs and antenne pale. Thorax smooth, nearly
twice as wide as long, not wider than elytra, sides curved, hind angles ob-
tuse. Elytra together wider than Jong. slightly longer than thorax, both
they and abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length
Southern two-thirds of State: frequent. February 10-Decem-
ber 7. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. The tho-
rax often has a dusky spot on disk.
S56 (——). TACHYPORUS PULCHBUS sy]. nov.
Reddish-yellow, stronzly shining. Head. basal fourth of thorax, lasal
half or two-thirds of elytra and last two segments of abdomen, black; un-
der surface piceous. Elytra without visible punctures. very sparsely and
,
finely pubescent. Length 3 nnn.
© [ROBBEN |
448 FAMILY XT.—STAPIYLINID.E.
Lake, Marion aud Putnam counties; rare. March 13-December
7. A handsome species which may prove to be the European ob-
tusus.
857 (2633). Taciryporus ELEGANS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Sov, VI, 1877,
103.
Reddish-yellow. strongly shining; head, last two segments of abdomen
and a circumscutellar spot of elytra black. Antenne slightly longer than
head and thorax, the latter as in maculipennis, Elytra and abdomen very
finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent. Under surface of abdomen
more distinctly punctured than above. Length 3.45 mm.
Putnam County; rare. March 20.
SOS (2634). Tacuyporus socosus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., TV, ASS.
466; ibid. II, 582.
Piceous, shining; head black; thorax, elytra and legs reddish-yellow ; an-
tenn dull yellow, the outer joints dusky. Thorax smooth, twice as wide
as long, hind angles rounded. FElytra together as long as wide ; surface, as
well as that of abdomen, sparsely punctulate and pubescent. Length 3-4 mm.
Lake, Starke and Marion counties: rare. May 5-November 28.
Deseribed from Posey County and taken hy Dury at Cincinnati, so
that it probably occurs throughout the State.
SHO (2035). ACTLYPORUS CURYSOMELINUS Tinn., Faun. Suee., 1746, 855,
Ifead black; thorax, elytva and legs reddish-yellow, polished ; antenne
dull yellow, outer joints darker; abdomen, under surface and often a space
about scutellam piceous. Thorax smooth, nut twice as wide as long. Ely-
tra and abdomen as in jocosus. Length 4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 21-November 17.
Occurs beneath logs, bark and other cover, especially in low open
woodland. The thorax is often marked with an ill-defined dusky
diseal spot.
T. nanus Erichs., 3-3.5 mm. in length, occurs from Canada to
Pennsylvania and has been taken near Cincinnati.
860 (2638). Taciryports scituLus Erichs., Kafer Mark Brand., I, 1839,
DOD.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark fuscous or pitchy black, shining: an-
tenme and legs pale; elytra usually paler at tips, sometimes almost wholly
dull yellow. Thorax smooth, slightly broader than elytra, the sides and
apical margins narrowly pale. Elytra together slightly broader than long.
finely punctulate and pubescent. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; frequent loeally. July +-No-
vember 22. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
*861 (2039). Tactyrorus BRUNNEUS Fab., Ent. Syst.. 1, 1795, 535,
Elongate, depressed. Reddish-yellow ; head piccous; antennse and legs
dull yellow; abdomen darker than elytra. Thorax twice as wide as long,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 449
not wider than elytra, sides gradually narrowing from base to apex. Ely-
tra as wide as long, both they and abdomen sparsely punctulate and pubes-
cent. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. January 7—November 1. Oc-
curs beneath bark, dead leaves, ete., in open woodland.
LNIV — Ereniowes Mots. ds5s8. (Gr.. ‘‘to enter.’’)
Very small black or piceous species, having the mesosternum
carinate, and front tarsi of male simple. Two of the four known
species occur in the State.
*S62 (2644). ErcHomUs vVENTRICULUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV,
1884, 466; ibid. IT, 582.
Short, broad, convex, narrowed behind. Black, strongly shining; elytra
and abdomen with a reddish-piceous tinge; antennse and legs dark reddish-
brown. Thorax twice as wide as long. as wide at base as elytra; very finely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra together one-third longer than wide, one-
half longer than thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. .\bdomen, as ex-
posed, shorter than elytra, minutely punctulate. Last ventral of male with
a semicircular notch. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 5-December 25. Occurs
in colonies beneath bark, especially that of elm and red oak.
863 (2645). Ercnomwus La&vis Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 31.
Similar to rentriculus in form and color. Differs in having the upper
surface wholly smooth and last ventral of male triangularly notehed. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Posey Couniy; rare. April 15. Occurs beneath dead leaves.
A member of the Austroriparian fauna.
LXV Conosoma Kraatz. 1858. (Gr., ‘‘cone + body.’’)
The lack of a margin on the sides of the abdomen especially dis-
tinguishes this genus from all others of the tribe. The species are
of small size. brown, piceous or black in color, and the segments of
the abdomen are in death usually telescoped so that the abdomen as
exposed extends but little beyond the elytra.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECTES OF CONOSOMA.
a. Mesosternum not carinate but ebtusely elevated : body subdepressed.
b. Thorax piceous, hind angles browdly reddish-yellow. LITTOREU M.
bb. Thorax dull yellow, apical half or third piceous. S64. KNOXIL
aa. Mesosternum distinctly carinate.
ec. Middle tibiz with only one terminal spur.
d. Body robust, convex; bind angles broadly rounded: elytra piceous,
usually narrowly paler along the base. SOD. CRASSUM.
450 PAMILY Xt.—-STAPITYLINID.D.
dd. Body more elongate, subdepressed; hind angles of thorax acute;
color wholly piceous. S66. ELONGATA,
ce. Middle tibisee with two distinct terminal spurs,
e, Wytra without a row of bristle-bearing punctures along the margin.
f. Abdominal segments without long sete along the sides.
g. Elytra densely punctulate, as long as wide; length 4 mm.
867. PUBESCENS.
gg. FElytra smooth, each with three or four very fine raised lines;
length 2 mm. S868. CARINULA.
ff. Abdominal segments with long setze at the sides, arising from
rather large deep punctures; elytra more or less reddish at
base.
h. Thorax with minute transverse strigse between the punctures;
elytra with entire basal margin red. 869. OPICcUM.
hh. Thorax very finely punctate, not strigose; elytra with a red
spot on base nearer the suture than the margin.
870. BASALE.
ee. Elytra with a row of bristle-bearing punctures along the sides; ab-
domen with sete at the sides; pale reddish-yellow, elytra with
tip and discal spot piceous. S71. SCRIPTUM.
C. liltoreum Linn., a European speries, 3.5-4 mm. in length, is
known from Massachusetts and Canada, and has been recorded by
Dury from Cincinnati.
864 (2647). Conosoma KNoxi Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, 374.
Oval, subdepressed, Ilead and apical third or more of thorax black,
shiniug; basil portion of thorax, a lurge oval space on euch elytron, legs
and base and apex of antennes dull yellow; abdomen reddish-yellow, its last
three segments, the sides and apex of elytra, and the under surface piceous.
Thorax breader than elytra, hind angles subacute, disk finely alutaceous
and, as well as elytra, densely and very finely punctate and pubescent.
Inlytra one-third longer than wide. Length 3.5—4 min.
Marion and Putnam counties; scarce, September 25 -November
28. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
ESOD (2648). CoNosomMA CRASSUM Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1S06, 190.
Oval, convex. Vieeous, sparsely clothed with fine pale brawn pubes-
cence; thorax and elytra usually with a narrow reddish spice at base of
euch; antennse dusky, the apical joint paler; under surface reddish-brown,
the legs paler. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides regularly curved ;
hind angles broadly rounded; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra. to-
gether as long as wide, densely and more distinctly punetate than thorax.
Length 3-5 mm.
Throughont the State; common. Jannary 21-November 17.
Ocenrs beneath hark and on fungi. Our largest species.
S66 ( ). CONOSOMA ELONGATA Sp. NOV.
Klongate-oval, subdepressed. Viceous, shining, sparsely clothed with
fine brownish-yellow pubescence; autenme and legs reddish-brown, ‘Thorax
TIIE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLIS. 451
slightly wider than elytra, sides very feebly curved; hind angles acute,
slightly prolonged: disk finely alutaceous, minutely and densely punctate.
Elytra together distinctly longer than wide, finely, densely and somewhat
roughly punctate. Abdomen minutely and closely punctulate on basal por-
tion. Length 3-4 mm.
Lake, Starke, Marion and Lawrence counties; searce. March
26-November 17. Taken by sifting. The depressed form, mueh
less curved sides and acute hind angles of thorax readily distin-
guish this from crassum, with which it has heretofore been con-
fused.
SGT (2651). CoNosoma PUBESCENS Payk., Monog. Carab. App.. 1790, 138.
Oval, robust. convex. Dark chestnut brown, moderately shining, sparsely
clothed with silken pubescence; antennsz and legs somewhat paler. Thorax
slightly wider than elytra, sides feebly curved, hind angles subacute, slightly
prolonged; disk very minutely punctulate. Elytra rather densely and
minutely punctulate. Length 4 mm.
Lawrence County; scarce. July 29. Taken from decaying
fleshy fungi.
S68 ( ). CoNososta CARINULA Sp. Noy.
Broadly oval. Uniform piceous, highly polished, smooth and glabrous;
antenne and legs reddish-brown. Thorax as wide as elytra, sides feebly
curved, hind angles rectangular. Elytra together wider than long. wholly
without punctures. each with three or four fine, straight ruge or raised
lines on disk and a few oblique ones on sides. Length-2 mm.
Vigo County; rare. October 6. Taken from beneath bark of
red oak.
S869 (2654). Conosoma opicUm Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 467;
ibid. I], 583.
Oval. convex. Piceous. shining, finely pubescent; elytra each with a
broad reddish basal cross-bund: abdominal segments paler at apex; an-
tennz and legs reddish-brown. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides
regularly curved; hind angles rectangular; disk sparsely and finely punc-
tate, minutely strigose or alutaceous between the punctures. Elytra slightly
broader than long. rather densely and finely punctulate. Abdominal seg-
ments each with a seta from the sides of the upper surface and two at the
margin. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 6-November 17. Occurs
beneath the bark of fungus covered logs.
S70 (2653). CoNnosoMA BASALE Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840. 225.
Form and color of opicum. Thorax not strigose or alutaceous between
the punctures. Reddish basal cross-band of elytra not reaching the side
margins, the humeri piceous. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-October 31. Prob-
ably only a variety of opicum.
452 FAMILY X7.—STAPHYLINIDAE.
871 (2655). Conosoma scriprum Ilorn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., VI, 1877,
112.
Broadly oval. Vale reddish-ycllow, sparsely pubescent; thorax with a
basal spot each side of middle and elytra with sides near apex and discal
spot behind the middle, piceous; antennée, legs and under surface reddish-
yellow. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides regularly curved, hind
angles obtuse; disk almost smooth. Elytra as long as wide, sparsely punec-
tulate and with a row of about six larger punctures bearing stiff black hairs
along the sides. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Putnam, Monroe and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 13-July
29. The color is variable, the thorax sometimes wholly piceous or
wholly pale, and the spots of elytra may be united and enlarged.
Occurs in fungi.
Tribe 1V.. BOLETOBIINI.
Elongate, slender, glabrous forms, having the head margined be-
neath, the color often variegated and the elytral punctures, when
present, in rows. Three genera represent the tribe, all of which
oecur in the State.
KEY TO GENERA OF BOLETOBIINI.
a. Elytra each with three rows of punctures.
b. Maxillary palpi usually filiform; size larger, 4-8 mm.
LXVI. Borerosius.
bb. Maxillary palpi awl-shaped; size smaller, not over 4.5 mm.
LXVII. Mycrrtororus.
aa. Elytra each with about seven rows of punctures; maxillary palpi with
Jast joint conical, acute; length 44.5 mm. LNVIII. Bryroporus.
LXVI. Boterosrus Steph. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘boleti + living in.’’)
In this genus the middle and hind tibia are fringed at tip with
unequal and rather coarse spinules. The thorax is punctured on
the margins with disk smooth; rows of elytral punctures arranged
one near suture, one on disk and one near margin.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BOLETOBIUS.
a, Maxillary palpi elongate, slender, glabrous.
b. Head oval or moderately elongate, never widest at base.
ec. Abdomen of one color.
d. Joints 5-10 of antennee distinctly wider than long.
e. Elytra uniform black or piccous. NIGER.
ee. Elytva black, the apex and broad dorsal stripe dull yellow.
AXILLARIS.
dd. Joints 5-10 of antennz distinctly longer than wide; elytra with
black spots.
f. Thorax in part piceous or black; head oval.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 453
g. Disk of thorax entirely piceous, the side and basal margins
narrowly pale. S12. CINCTICOLLIS,
gg. Thorax with a large black spot in each front angle, the two
rows united at middle. Sth, ANTICUS.
ff. Thorax wholly reddish-brown or reddish-yellow.
h. Dorsal row of elytra with few punctures; male with a dis-
tinct tubercle on the sixth ventral. ST4. PYGM-EUS.
hh. Dorsal row of elytra with numerous punctures.
Sick TRINOTATUS.
cc. Abdomen bicolored. red, the last two sexments black; dorsal row
with few punctures. STU, CENCTUS.
bb. Head very elongate. twice or more longer than wide, widest at base:
thorax entirely black; legs piceous. QU ESITOR.
aa, Maxillary palpi short. stout. third joint sometimes pubescent.
i. Antenne with joints 5-10 wider than long.
j. Elytra bicolored, black, the basal half red. Sit. DIMIDIATUS
jj. Elytra wholly dull reddish. Sis, IUSTRVSUS.
ii. Antenne slender, the joints longer than wide; black. the elytra and
often the thorax reddish-brown, legs pale. Ai), CIRer eats.
B. niger Grav.. T-11 mm., and B. axillaris Grav.. 5-7 mm. in
length, have both been taken hy Dury at Cincinnati. The latter is
a southern species which will be feund. if at all, only in the southern
third of the State.
$72. (2661). BoLeTosius cincTICcoLLis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. LV,
1Ss4, 465: ibid. IT, 581.
Piceous, shining: legs and base and sides of thorax dull yellow; elytra
reddish-yellow with a large black spot nenr outer apical angle; antenn:e
with three basal joints pale. Thorax not broader than elytra, hind angles
obtuse. Elytra slightly longer than wide: the sutural and marginal rows
of punctures fine, distinct, dorsal raw very faint. .\bdemen sparsely pune-
tate. the hind margins of the segments paler. Length 3.5-5.5 mm.
Throughcut the State; frequent. May 11-October 10. Occurs
beneath bark. dead leaves and rotten wood.
873 (2662). BoLeTopits ANTIcUs Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Suc. VI, 1877.
AV Ts
Piceous or dusky vellow ; base of thorax and elytra pale reddish-yellow ;
apical portion of thorax, . large spot at the outer apical angle of each ely-
tron and often a scutellar spot black; antenn:e piceous, the apical and four
basal joints of former and the legs paler. Thorax slightly broader at hase
than elytra, hind angles obtuse. Elytra slightly longer than wide, discal
row of punctures distinct, the other two rows faint. Abdomen as in cincti-
collis. Length 45 mm.
One in Wolcott collection from Millers. Lake County. July 13.
A member of the boreal fauna.
454 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID AS.
874 (2663). BoLrTosius pyemM#us Fab., Spec. Ins., 1781, 339.
Resembles anticus. Thorax entirely pale. Wlytra witb a triangular
scutellar spot and a larger one near the outer angle black. Thorax at base
slightly narrower than elytra, hind angles obtuse, not broadly rounded.
Elytra as wide as long, the sutural and marginal punctures very faint.
Length 3.5-4 mm.
Kosciusko and Lawrence counties; rare. June 19-July 29.
875 (2664). BoLrerosits TRINOTATUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 279.
Color and form of pygma@us. Wlytra each with a sutural, discal and
submarginal row of numerous punctures. Length 3.5-4 mm.
One species labeled ‘‘Ind.’’ in the Webster collection. Ranges
from Massachusetts to Michigan and has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati. The dark scutellar spot of elytra is often absent.
S76 (2666). Borrrosius cinotus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 193.
Reddish-yellow, shining; head, under surface, a large spot near outer
apical angle of elytra and last two segments of abdomen black, shining:
antennee piceous, the apical and four basal joints and the legs dull yellow.
Thorax as broad at base as elytra, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra
as broad as long, discal row with three or four punctures, those of the
other rows very faint. Abdomen very sparsely punctate. Length +.5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 6—-October 6. Occurs
on fungi, especially that growing in clumps at hase of oak stumps.
B. quesitor Horn, 7-10 mm. in length, was described from New
York and Illinois and is recorded from Cincinnati.
S77 (2658). Borerosrus pimrip1aTus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 276.
Piceous, shining; antennze piceous, the basal joints paler; basal half
and very narrow apical border of elytra dull red; legs dull yellow. Thorax
slightly broader than elytra at base; sides broadly curved, hind angles
rounded. Htytra together as long as wide, the punctures very faint. .Ab-
domen sparsely and coarsely punctate, the hind margins of segments paler.
Length 4-5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. May 11. Taken from fungi. In one
specimen the pale portion of elytra is extended along the suture to
apex.
STS (2660). Borterosrus Inrrusus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877.
115.
Piceous, shining; elytra dull red; thorax either black or dusky red;
auntenne dusky, the basal joints pale; legs dull yellow. Thorax as wide at
base as elytra, the hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra together longer
than wide; sutural and dorsal rows of punctures distinct, marginal row
faint. Abdomen sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 5 6 mm.
Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties; rare. April 11-Decem-
ber 7. Oceurs beneath bark of fungus covered logs..
S79 (2659). BoLeropius cINGULATUS Mann., Nouy. Arrang. Brachl., 1830, 64.
Black, shining; elytra and often the thorax dull red; legs reddish-yel-
low; antenne piceous, the terminal and two basal joints pale; abdomen
piceous, the apical half of fifth and sometimes the sixth segment reddish.
Thorax slightly broader at base than elytra, hind angles rounded. Elytra
slightly longer than wide, sutural and marginal rows of punctures fine, dor-
sal row obsolete. Abdomen sparsely and coarsely punctured and pubescent.
Length 7 mm.
Lake and Steuben counties; rare. May 21—July 6. A northern
species ranging from Pennsylvania to Canada and Oregon. Re-
sembles intrusus but larger. the elvtra more distinctly red and the
antennal joints mostly longer than wide.
LXVIT. Alyceroporrs Mann. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘mushroom + to
walk.’’)
Small. slender species having the elytra smooth and shining.
with three (rarely four) rows of punctures bearing fine setw, these
placed one row in the sutural channel, one extending from humerus
to tip. the third along the side margin. The thorax always has four
punctures along the apical margin, two basal, three on each side
margin and two. one behind the other. between the middle of disk
and side margin. Two of the species have two additional ‘‘discal’’
punctures.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCETOPORUS.
a. Thorax with two discal punctures slightly behind the middle.
b. Elytra with one discal row of punctures. SSO. AMERICANUS.
bb. Elytra with two rows of discal punctures. SS1. CONSORS.
aa. Thorax without discal punctures.
e. Middle and hind tibize with coarse unequal spinules at tip; third
joint of maxillary palpi slender, similar to second.
882. HUMIDUs.
ec. Middle and hind tibize with a dense fringe of equal spinules at tip.
d. Abdomen reddish-yellow, each segment paler at tip; elytra not dis-
tinctly bicolored. SS3. SPLENDIDUS.
dd. Abdomen reddish-brown, its last two segments black; elytra bicol-
ored, piceous at base, apical third red. FLAVICOLLIS.
SSO (2674). MycETOPORUS AMERICANUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1540. 285.
Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; elytra some-
times piceous with only a small humeral spot and narrow apical space red-
dish-brown, more often wholly reddish-brown except a dark scutellar space;
legs and basal joints of antenne paler. Thorax with two small punctures
just behind the middle in addition to the usual marginal ones. Elytra as
long as wide. with the usual rows of punctures and one to three additional
punctures near apex inside of the humeral row. Abdomen sparsely pubes-
456 FAMILY NI.-—STAPTYLINID A.
cent and coarsely and sparsely punctured, the hind margins of the segments
paler. Middle and hind tibize with spinules as in humidus. Length 2.5-
3.2 mm. .
Throughout the State; frequent. March 26-November 26.
Taken by sifting. This species is usually known as lucidulus.
8S1 (2673). Mycrrororts consors Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col, I, 1863, 34.
More robust than americanus, which it resembles in color, the elytra
piceous with an oblique reddish spot on basil third. DPunctures of elytra
in four rows; the sutural row faint, the discal and dorsal rows distinct
with ten to twelve punctures in each, the submarginal row with five or six.
Length 3.5 mm.
Starke County; rare. Alay 19. <A single specimen sifted from
sphagnum moss. Known heretofore only from Michigan.
SSP (2671). MycrerorortUs HUMInUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1V, 1834,
465; ibid. II, 581.
Elongate, slender. Color yariable; either (uv) dark reddish- or chest-
nut brown with elytra darker at sides and along the suture, the abdominal
segments reddish-piceous, paler at tips; or (0) reddish-yellow with the ab-
domen reddish-piceous ; legs reddish-brown or paler. Thorax smooth, shin-
ing, slightly broader than base of elytra, disk with the usual punctures.
FElytra as long as wide, shining, the three rows of punctures feebly im-
pressed. Abdomen sparsely pubescent, sparsely and finely punctured above,
more coarsely beneath. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Lake, Posey and Jefferson counties; secarve. March 26—June 5.
Described from Posey County.
883 (2676). MycrroporUs SPLENDIDUS Gray., Mon. Coi. Mier., 1806, 24.
Elongate, rather robust. Ilead piceous; thorax and elytra reddish-yel-
low, strongly shining; abdomen reddish-brown, the segments paler behind;
antennie and legs dull yellow, the former with middle portion dusky. Tho-
rax slightly broader than elytra, without discal punctures. Elytra together
slightly longer than wide, sutural row of punctures distinctly impressed, the
humeral row very faint. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctured, sparsely
pubescent. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Pulaski, Starke and Marion counties; scarce. April 28—June 19.
M. flavicollis Lee. length £1mm., is known from Michigan, Geor-
gia and Florida.
LXV. Bryoporis Kraitz. 1856. (Gr., ‘moss+to walk.’’)
Small, slender species having the last joint of maxillary palpi as
wide at base as second and distinctly eonieal; elytral punctures in
about seven rows; front and middle tibiw with a dense fringe of
spinules at apex ; hind tarsi longer than in Bolitobius; thorax with
the marginal punetures as in Wycetoporus, the apical and basal
ones more distant from the margin,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 457
SS4ocu6700. Bryoports RUFESCENS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col. I, 1803. 33.
Elongate. rather robust. Head, under surface and abdomen jpiceous:
antenne. thorax. elytra and Jess dark reddi<h-brown, shininz. Thorax wider
at middle than elytra. hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra t-zether longer
than wide, with seven rows of coarse. shallowly impressed punctures. Ab-
domen sparsely pubescent. sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, the last
two segments and the hind margins of the others paler. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Throughout the State. frequent: more so in the scuthern coun-
ties. March 20-June 17. Occurs beneath bark and rubbish. Much
more robust than the next species. with the elytral punctures much
coarser and in regular rows.
SSS) (——1. Bryoports testacets Lee.. N. Spec. N. Amer. Col, [.. 1803, 33.
Elongate. very slender. Head and thorax piceous: elytra reddish-
brown. often with an indefinite sutural blotch darker; under surface and
abdomen dark reddish-brcewn. the sezments of latter paler at apex: an-
tenne dusky. paler at base: legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax as wide at
base as elytra, smeoth. strongly shining. Elytra distinctly longer than
wide. the punctures of sutural row distinct. the ethers small. faint and in
somewhat irregular rows. Abdomen pubescent. rather finely and sparsely
punctate. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Marion. Futnam and Pes-y counties: s-arce. Mareh 20-Octo-
ber 14. Taken by sifting. Resembles Wucctoporus americanus but
without the discai punctures of thorax. This speci. was suppressed
by Horn. and afterward redescribed as parvulus by Casey.
Tribe V. HABROCERINI.
This tribe is represented in the United states by a single genus.
Habrocerus. having the hind coxe broadly triangular. concealing a
part of the femora in repose: head defiexed. antennx slender. hair-
like; abdomen margined. One small piceous form. H. schwarzi
Horn. 2 mm. in length, having the e!ytra pale clay yellow. finely and
very sparsely punctate. was described from Detroit and probably
cceurs in northern Indiana.
subfamily VI. PHLOEOCHARINAE.
Slender, depressed species having the antennz ins-:ted under
the sides of the front. 1i-jointed. straight. the cuter joints but little
thicker; head without ocelli: presivrnum behind the front cose
membranous ; abdomen elengate. margined. with but six ventral seg-
ments visible, the seeond with a longitudinal elevation at middle:
tarsi 5-jointed. The subfamily i. represented in Canada. Michigan
and perhars nerthern Indiana by two genera. , .
4538 FAMILY XU.—sTAPHYLINID A.
KEY TO GENERA OF PHLGZOCHARIN AS,
a. Thorax not curinate; maxillary palpi filiform; mandibles simple.
OLISTH RUS.
aa. Thorax with four carine; maxillary palpi, awl-shaped; mandibles
toothed. PSEUDOPSIS.
Pseudopsis columbica Fauv., reddish-brown, 2.5-3.5 mm. in
length has been taken in numbers near Detroit.
Subfamily VII. EUAESTHETINAE.
Small, rather slender species having the antenne inserted before
the eyes at the base of the labrum; tarsi four-jointed ; eyes moderate
in size, convex, coarsely granulated, located very close to the base of
head; labrum usually denticulate in front; antenna, mouth parts
and thorax much as in the subfamily Stenine. Three genera repre-
sent the subfamily in the United States. Specimens of but one of
these have been taken in Indiana, though those of the others may
oceur, The only paper treating of the subfamily is by:
Casey.— ‘Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Cole-
opterology of the United States,’’ Part I, 1884 (published
privately). The genera Fuwsthetus and Edaphus are treated
on pp. 18-31.
KEY TO GENERA OF EUMSTHETINA.
a. Abdomen margined.
b. Labrum with a row of comb-like teeth in front; head between the
eyes convex; thorax without fovea near base; first dorsal segment
of abdomen without a carina. LXYIX. EvuassTHeTus.
bb. Tabrum without teeth; head bi-impressed between the eyes; thorax
with several deep fover along the base; first dorsal with a median
earina. EDAPHUS.
aa. Abdomen pot margined. STICTOCRANIUS.
LXTX. Buwsrirerus Grav. [s806. (Gr., ‘easily pereeived.’’) ,
Ten species of this gents are listed by Casey, loc. cit.: nine of
which he deseribes as new. Two of the ten have been taken in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUESTHETUs.
uv, lytral suture distinctly shorter than thorax; color pale reddish-brown ;
length 1-1.2 mm. 886. FLORID.
aa. Blytral suture as long as thorax; color piceous; length 1.2-1.5 mm.
887. AMERICANUS.
886 (2474). HuastTuerus FLorIDA Casey, Contrib. Coleop., I, 1884, 21.
Blongate, slender. Pale reddish-brown; finely and sparsely pubescent.
Head slightly wider than long, rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Tho-
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 459
rax widest just behind the middle, where it is a little broader than long
and slightly broader than head; disk. as well as that of elytra, coarsely and
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra at base equal in width to thorax, the su-
tural strie deep. Abdomen smooth, strongly margined toward the base.
Length 1-1.2 mm.
Floyd County: rare. May 24. Two specimens taken by Dury
while sifting. and now in his collection.
SST (2480). EU.=STHETUs AMERICANUS Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, T47.
Elongate, rather robust. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown; an-
tenn and legs paler. Head slightly wider than long. nearly as wide as
thorax. coarsely and rather closely punctate. Thorax one-third broader
than long; sides broadly rounded to behind middle. thence rapidly converg-
ing to base: disk coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra at base one-half
wider than thorax, finely, evenly and rather closely punctate. Abdomen at
base as wide as elytra, rather finely punctate. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. May 25—June 25. Taken
by sifting debris from margins of sphagnum hogs.
One species of E'daphus is known from near Washington. D. C..
Alabama and Louisiana, and one of Stictocranius from the former
locality. They resemble members of the family Pselaphide very
closely and occur under old leaves and in nests of ants.
Subtamily VIII. OXYPORINAE.
Elongate. robust species having the antenne 11-jointed. inserted
under the side margin of the front: head very large. usually wider
than thorax: eves small, not prominent; mandibles long, crossing at
an angle; mentum with a bifid tooth at middle: last joint of labial
palpi very large, lunate; middle coxe at the sides of the breast:
tarsi five-jointed: abdomen strongly margined. The subfamily is
represented by the single genus:
LXX. Oxyrorvs Fab. 1792. (Gr... *‘te run.”*)
This genus. sufficiently characterized above. is represented in the
United States by 13 nominal species. eight of which have been taken
or probably oceur in Indiana. All of the species feed upon fieshy
fungi. They are treated by-
LeConte—-In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. VI. 1577, 214-215; VII.
1880, 180.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYPORTS.
a. Elytra with the sides finely rugose: black; elytra pale, suture and sides
black; tibiee and tarsi pale. FEMORALIS,
aa. Elytra polished, with the usual strise and punctures.
460 FAMILY XT.—STAPHY LINID AB.
b. Legs black.
c. Sides of thorax feebly rounded; elytra pale, with suture, sides and
a narrow stripe black. MAJOR.
ce. Sides of thorax much rounded; elytra wholly black.
888. STYGICUS.
bb. Legs yellow.
d. Color above wholly or in great part black or piceous.
e. Elytra in part at least dull yellow.
f. Suture and sides of elytra black. 889. VITTATUS.
ff. Suture and outer apical angles black. FASCIATUS,
ce, Klytra wholly black; uuder surface pale yellow. BICOLOR.
dd. Color above reddish-yellow.
gy. Sides of elytra fuscous. 890. LATERALIS.
gg. Spot on head. two on thorax and part of dorsal surface of ab-
domen, black. S91. OCCIPITALIS.
O. femoralis Grayv., 7-7.5 mm. and O. major Grav., 9 mm. in
length, have both been recorded by Dury from Cineinnati.
SSS (2692). OxyporUs styaicus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, TV, 1854.
459; ibid. II, 575.
Elongate, rather robust. Black, strongly shining; antennz piceous,
joints 2 to 5 and the tarsi reddish-brown. ‘Thorax widest at middle, thence
uch narrowed to base, sides strongly rounded; surface, as well as that of
head, smooth. FElytra together one-half wider and one-third longer than
thorax, each with a subsutural and two discal striz, the former finely. the
latter more coarsely punctate, and with a number of Coarse, scattered punc-
tures intervening. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, smocth.
Length 6.5-8.5 mim.
Southern half of State; frequent. June 11-November 4.
889. (2693). OxyPorus virratus Grayv., Mon. Col. Micr.. 1806, 195.
Oblong, robust. Black or piceous, shining; elytra dull clay yellow, the
suture and a stripe on sides, gradually widening from humerus to apex,
black; legs and base of antennre reddish-yellow. Head slightly wider than
thorax, the base very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider
than long, sides strongly curved, the base much narrower than apex, disk
smooth. Hlytra one-third wider and distinctly longer than thorax, with a
sutural and two discal rows of rather fine punctures and a number of
coarser scattered ones. Abdomen as wide as elytra, smooth, the tip of the
last segment pale. Length 5.5-6 min.
Lake and Vigo counties; frequent. July 2-Octoher 9. Oceurs
especially in chumps of overlapping fungi at base of stumps.
O. fasciatus Melsh. and O. bicolor Fauy., are in all probability
only color varieties of vi/fatus, 1 have included them in the key.
that the variation may he noted, though authentic specimens of
neither are in the collection at hand,
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 461
S90 (2696). OxyPoRUS LATERALIS Gray., Mun. Col. Mier., 1806, 195.
Elongate-oblong, robust. Reddish-yellow; sides of elytra with a black
or fuscous stripe, starting one-third behind humerus and gradually widen-
ing to apex; legs pale yellow. Head of male slightly narrower, of female
as wide as, thorax; surface, with that of latter, very finely alutaceous,
not punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly rounded.
Elytra one-half longer and distinctly wider than thorax, with a sutural
and one discal row of fine punctures with scattered coarser ones interven-
ing. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Lake and Putnam counties; svarce. October T—November 9.
Taken cn the latter date beneath partly buried logs, and probahiv
hibernates.
891 (2692). OxyporUs occIPITALis Fauy., Mars. Abeille, I, 1864, 369.
Form of lateralis. Color in part given in key. Elytra black, each with
a triangular basal spot reddish-yellow ; abdomen with a small black spot
on middle of second and third, and a much larger one on fourth and fifth.
dorsal segments. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides strongly curved.
Elytra with rumerous very course punctures between the sutural and discal
striie. Length 6 mm.
Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. October 7-October 20.
The elytra are sometimes colored very nearly as in latcvralis, but are
much more coarsely punctured than there. This may also prove to
be only a color variety of vittatus.
Subfamily IX. OXYTELINAE.
Small, usually slender species having the antennw 11- (rarely
10-) jointed, inserted under the sides of the front, the latter more or
less prolonged befcre the eves; front coxx usually large, conical and
prominent; middle coxe contiguous (separated in O.rytelus). The
subfamily as above defined is separated into six tribes. four of which
are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF OXYTELIN.E.
a. Front coxze conical, prominent.
b. Head without ocelli or simple cyes.
ec, Abdomen margined. Tribe I. OxyTErint, p. 462.
ec. Abdomen not margined; form cylindrical.
Tribe II. OsortInt, p. 473.
bb. Head with two ocelli usually placed on a line jsining the hind mar-
gin of the eyes; form broad and depressed; elytra usually covering
half or more the length of abdomen. Tribe IIJ. Onanirnt, p. 474.
aa. Front coxie transverse: head without ocelli: prosternum horn-like be-
hind the coxie, Tribe TV. PROTEININT, p. 482.
462 PAMILY XT.—osravity Gini.
Tribe I. OXYTELINI.
In this tribe the antenne are more or less elbowed; first joint of
maxillary palpi short; second ventral without ridges; tarsi in all of
our genera but one, three-jointed. The following genera are known
to be or are probably represented in th» State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OXYTELINI.
«a. Antenne 10-jointed; eyes very large; tarsi 5-jointed.
LXXI. Mercatrops,
ad. Antenme 11-jeinted; tarsi 3-jointed.
b. Front tibise more or less spinous on outer margin. :
ce Front tibie with two rows of spines; body subcylindrical; an-
tenne strongly elbowed. LXXII. Buepius.
ce. Front tibize with a single row of spines; body depressed.
d. Middle tibiz also with a single row of spines. PLATYSTETHUS.
dd. Middle tibise without spines; middle coxe not contiguous.
LXXIII. Oxyretvs.
bb. Tibiz all pubescent and without spines.
e. Scutellum not visible. LXNIV. TRoGOoPHLaUS.
ce. Seutellum visible.
f. Head strongly constricted behind; body glabrous.
LXXV. APOCELLUS.
ff. Head not constricted behind: body pubescent; last joint of max-
illary palpi awl-shaped. : THINOBIUS.
LXNI. Mreanops Dej. 1833. (Gr.. ‘‘big + eye.’’)
Short robust species, resembling those of O.xy-
porus in form, having the eves larger than in
Stenus; thorax coarsely and irregularly pune-
tured and marked with a few transverse furrows
on the sides. (Fig. 166.)
892 (2685). Mra@aLops c.eLraTus Gray.. Mon. Col. Micr.,
1806, 197.
Hlongate-oblong, robust. Black, shining; elytra
; with an oblique reddish stripe, extending from hume
Fig, 166. Megulops cepha- rus to suture at apex: 1 d antennse reddish-brown.
lotes Erichs. 8. (After D > Jegs an i
aah A South Ameri” the latter shorter than head, the last joint very large,
fuscous. Head wider than thorax, coarsely, sparsely
and rugesely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide as long; disk with
a number of large tubercles in addition to the coarse punctures. Hlytra
one-third wider and slightly shorter than thorax, very coarsely, roughly
and irregularly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, almost
smooth. Length 44.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 7. Occurs beneath bark of fungus
covered beech logs.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 463
893 (2686). MeEGALOPS RUFIPES Lec., N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 51.
Resembles celatus. Elytra each with a small red spot on humerus
and another at the inner apical angle. Head and thorax punctate as in
celatus, the thorax with two impressions each side. Elytra much smoother,
the disk with two abbreviated rows of coarse deep punctures. Length 3 mm.
Knox County; rare. June 9. One specimen from beneath bark
at edge of cypress swamp. Described from Georgia.
LXXIT. Buieprus Leach. 1832. (.\ proper name.)
Elongate. slender. subevlndrical species having the tarsi 3-
jointed; head smaller and narrower than thorax, base scarcely con-
stricted; middle coxe contiguous; front tibize with two rows of fine
spines on outer side. The genus is a very large one, and the species
exceedingly difficult to separate. The great majority of the North
American species of this and the other genera of Oxytelini are
treated in the following papers:
LeConte.—‘‘On certain Genera of Staphylinide, as represented
in the Fauna of the United States,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soe., VI, 1877, 213-248.
Casey —‘‘Coleopterological Notices.’? in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei.,
V, 1889, 41-89; VII, 381-398.
LeConte divides the species into five groups. four of which are
probably represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF BLEDIUS.
a. Thorax without an edge on sides or prosternal sutures beneath.
Group A.
aa. Thorax with the edge on sides well defined.
b. Prosternal sutures distinct.
ec. Fissure at side of front coxal cavities short, closed. Group B.
ec, Fissure of front coxal cavities open and large, extending two-
thirds the distance from the coxa to the side. Group €.
bb. Prosternal sutures obliterated; fissures of front coxal cavities short,
closed; hind angles of thorax obtuse. Group D.
Group A.
Rather large brownish-vellow species, not shining, finely gran-
ulate. not strongly punctured. Thorax broader than long, truncate
in front. sides parallel, suddenly and strongly narrowed from
middle to base; hind angles wanting, disk with a distinct median
line. Two of the seven species recognized by LeConte have heen
taken in Illinois and doubtless occur in Indiana. They are:
B. gularis Lee., 7.5 mm. in length, having the head, suture, diago-
nal tip of elytra and last two abdominal segments blackish; gula
[3023402]
464 FAMILY XI.~-STAPHYLINIDA.
with a very deep triangular excavation, and B. pallipeniis Say, 9
mm. in length, with head blackish, suture and tips of elytra fuscous;
gula with a shallow excavation.
Group B.
Small or medium-sized species having the side margins of thorax
acute, the Hanks concave; mandibles stout, strongly toothed near
the tip; rows of spines on front tibia widely separated.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Side pieces of prosternum very distinctly triangular, the sutures di-
rected to the front angles of the thorax.
b. Head coarsely punctured; chestnut brown, shining; elytra and legs
paler. SEMIFERRUGINEUS.
bb. Head not or obsoletely punctured; thorax not wider than long,
conrsely punctured; chestnut brown, elytra and abdomen reddish-
brown. SO4. FUMATUS.
aa. Side pieces of prosternum not triangular, the sutures parallel with the
side margin of the under surface or flank of thorax.
ce. Reddish-brown; head and thorax darker; tip of abdomen black.
SO5. ANALIS.
ce. Blackish-brown; elytra, antennre and legs brown; dorsal impresse 1
line of thorax wanting. NITIDICOLLIS,
B. semaferrvigineus Lee., 4.5 in length, cecurs from Michigan to
Florida and has been taken near Cincinnati. No authentic speci-
men has been seen from the State.
S94 (2719). Biepivus rumatus Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1803, 52.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dark chestnut ov reddish-brown, shin-
ing; head and thorax piceous, legs and tip of abdomen paler. Wead finely
granulate, sparsely and indistinctly punctulate. Thorax not wider than
long, sides strongly rounded into base; disk coarsely and rather closely
punctate, the median line deep. Elytra slightly wider and more finely
punctate than thorax. Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, sparsely
punctate above, more finely beneath. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; rare. May 30-July 18.
S06 (2723). Breprus ANALIS Lec.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col, I, 1862, 52.
Elongate, slender, subeylindrical. Tale reddish-brown; head, thorax
and tip of abdomen black; elytra fuscous about the scutellum and along
the suture to middle. Ilead finely granulate, sparsely and finely punctate.
Thorax as wide as long, sides straight to behind middle, thence strongly
rounded into hase; disk not granulate, coarsely and rather closely pune-
tate, the median line fine but distinct. Elytra deeply and rather closely
punctate. Abdumen nearly smooth above, sparsely punctulate beneath.
Length 4 mm.
Lake, Putnam and Dubois counties; searee. Mav 12-July 10.
Oceurs under cover along the banks of streams and lakes.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEBTLES. 465
B. nitidicollis Lee, 3 mm. in length, is recorded from New York,
Michigan and Missouri.
Group C.
Small or medium sized forms having the side margin of thorax
acute; presternal sutures straight; mandibles with two acute teeth
on the inner side; fissure of front coxal cavities open and large.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. Head and thorax finely granulate, the former flattened.
b. Size larger, 6-6.5 mm.; median fovea of head very large; elytra red-
dish-brown, fuscous near scutellum. 896. BOREALIS.
bb. Size smaller, not over 4 mm.
c. Head not punctate; elytra piceous; length 3.5 mm.
897. STABILIS.
cc, Head punctate; elytra reddish-brown.
d. Thorax with hind angles distinct, its disk less densely granu-
late; tip of abdomen darker than base. SOS. ANNULARIS.
dd. Thorax with hind angles indistinct, rounded, its disk very dense-
ly granulate; abdomen black throughout. S99. CONFUSUS.
ad. Wead and thorax polished, the former convex, the latter without hind
angles; piceous, elytra dull vellow, the suture fuscous.
900. EMARGINATUS.
‘ :
896 (——_). BLEDIUS BOREALIS sp. nov.
Elengate, robust, subdepressed. Black, shin-
ing; legs and elytra chestnut brown, the latter
fuscous at middle of base and for a short dis-
tance along the suture; antenne dusky toward
apex, slender. Head much narrower than tho-
rax, very finely granulate, coarsely and sparsely
punctate, the median fovea large and deep. the
suture distinct. Thorax at apex slightly wider
than long, sides straight and parallel for two-
thirds their length, thence rapidly converging to
base, the latter one-half as wide as apex; disk
convex, finely and densely granulate, coarsely
and sparsely punctate, smooth along the middle
and on apical third, median line fine; hind an-
gles small but distinct. Elytra scarcely wider
and but slightly longer than thorax, finely and
rather sparsely punctate. Abdomen above and beneath finely granulate,
very sparsely and finely punctate. Length 6-6.5 mm. (Tig. 167.)
Fig. 167. (Original. )
Lake County; rare. May 19-May 28. Three specimens from
near Pine, beneath clumps of cactus.
897 (9696). BLEDIUS STABILIS Casey. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., V, 1889, 61.
Elongate, rather robust, depressed. Black; thorax and elytra piceous ;
legs and antentue toward base, dull yellow, Head distinctly narrower than
466 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID&.
thorax, densely granulate, not punctate; vertex with a distinct but not
large median fovea. Thorax nearly as broad as base of elytra, one-third
wider than long; sides parallel and feebly curved for two-thirds their
length, thence converging and feebly sinuate to base; disk convex, finely
and sparsely punctate, median line fine but distinct, hind angles obtuse.
Elytra one-half longer and at apex one-fourth wider than thorax; finely,
deeply and rather closely punctate. Abdomen finely granulate, finely and
very sparsely punctate above, more coarsely and somewhat closely beneath.
Length 3.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. May 15. Deseribed from Pennsylvania.
898 (2730). Bueprus anNuvarts Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 53.
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and tip of abdomen black; elytra,
base of abdomen and antenne reddish-brown; legs dull yellow. Head finely
granulate, sparsely and finely punctate, with a small fovea on vertex. Tho-
rax not wider than long, sides rounded to behind middle, thence oblique
and slightly sinuate to base; disk finely granulate, sparsely, evenly and
shallowly punctate, median line fine. Elytra finely, deeply but not closely
punctate. Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, finely and very sparsely
punctate. Length 3.8-4.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. April 16. The hind margins of the
dorsal segments of abdomen are often darker, thus causing it to
appear indistinctly fasciate.
899 (2731). Burprus conrusus Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, 228.
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black; elytra and legs
reddish-brown, the former fuscous in the region of the scutellum; antenne
piceous, the base paler. Head less finely granulate, sparsely and finely
punctate, with a small vertical fovea. Thorax one-fourth wider than Jong,
sides straight to middle, thence rounded to base, the hind angles very ob-
tuse; disk sparsely and rather finely and irregularly punctate, the median
line fine. Elytra deeply, rather finely and somewhat densely punctate. <Ab-
domen as in qnuularis. Length 3-8.5 min.
Marshall and Marion counties; searee. April 17—August 15.
900 (2741). Bieprus raMaArcInatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, TV, 1834.
461; ibid. II, 577
Elongate, very slender. Black; antenniv, legs and elytra pale, the lat-
ter with suture dusky. Ilead convex, coarsely, deeply and sparsely pune:
tate. Thorax a little wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk punc-
tate like the head, the impressed median line evident but fine. Elytra finely
and rather sparsely punctured, the sutural angle very widely rounded. Ab-
domen very sparsely and finely punctate. Length 2-2.3 mm.
Southern third of State; frequent. May 1-August 17, Occurs
along the sandy margins of streams.
THE SHUORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 467
Group D.
Small, slender species having the side margin of thorax acute,
the flanks deeply but narrowly coneave; prosternal sutures want-
ing; coxal fissures short and closed; hind angles of thorax obtuse.
901 (2745). Burepivs corpatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 461;
ibid. II, 576.
Hiongate, very slender. Black; elytra dull yellow with a wide fuscous
sutural stripe; antenne and legs dull yellow, the former dusky at tip. Head
broad, flat, finely granulated. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides sub-
parallel, rounded behind; disk finely granulate, very sparsely and irregu-
larly punctate, the median line distinct. Elytra slightly wider and one-
third longer than thorax, finely and rather densely punctate. Abdomen at
base narrower than elytra, finely granulate, nearly smooth above, distinctly
punctate beneath. Length 4 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 21. A sea-coast species which will
probably be found all along the shore of Lake Michigan.
Platystethus americanus Erichs., 3 mm. in length, black. shin-
ing, elytra fusco-piceous. tibie and tarsi pale. is recorded from Cin-
cinnati, and very probably occurs in southern Indiana.
LXXIII. Oxytrenus Grav. 1806. (Gr.. ‘‘a pointed end.’’)
Small, depressed black or piceous species having the head usu-
ally as wide as thorax. the middle coxw somewhat separated and the
front tibie with a single row of spines.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYTELUS.
a. Thorax coarsely sculptured, more or less shining.
b. Head rounded immediately behind the eyes, which are large anid
prominent; thoracic grooves deep; length 3.5-+ mm.
902. SCTULPTUS.
bb. Head prolonged behind the eyes, the latter moderate in size.
ec. Sides of thorax crenulate; piceous, legs and base of antenne dull
yellow; front flat; length +.2-5 mm. RUGOSTS,
ce, Sides of thorax entire.
d. Front of head concave, its apical margin elevated; outer thoracic
groove feeble; length 3.5-4.5 mm. 903, PENNSYLVANICUS,
dd. Front of head flat, not margined at apex.
ec. Vertex flat, not channeled; thorax strongly punctured; male
with apical margin of front extended forward in a short.
sharp process; length 2.5-3 mm. 904. INSIGNITUS.
ec. Vertex convex, feebly channeled.
f. Front polished; dorsal grooves of thorax distinct; length
1.7-2 mm. 905. SUSPECTUS.
ff. Front opaque; dorsal grooves obsolete; length 2.3 mm.
906. PLACUSINUS.
468 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.E.
aa. Thorax very finely strigose, quite opaque.
gy. Dorsal segments of abdumen densely punctate; front tibise obliquely
emarginate on the outer side; length 1.7 mm. TETRACARINATUS.
gg. Dorsal segments smooth; front tibie slender, truncate at tip; grooves
of thorax feeble; length 1.5-1.8 mm. 907. EXIGUUS,
902 (2749). OxyTELUS scuLpTuUS Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 191.
Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous; legs and base of antenne dull yel-
low. Head small, narrower than thorax, finely and densely punctate and
with a slight median groove on vertex. Thorax elliptical, angles all rounded ;
disk rather closely punctured and with three entire grooves, the sides some-
what concave. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer than thorax,
rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen very finely and densely
punctate. Seventh ventral of male with two narrow. deep notches, the
median lobe broad, truncate. Length 3.5-4+ mm.
Marion County; searee. April 14.
O. rugosus Erichs., occurs in Canada, Massachusetts and Penn-
sylvania, and probably in northern Indiana.
903 (2752). OXYTELUS PENNSYLVANICtS Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840. 792.
Elongate, depressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; elytra
dull clay yellow; legs and basal joints of antenne paler. Head slightly
narrower than thorax, finely and rather closely punctate, the vertex rugose ;
frontal margin broadly curved and elevated. Thorax three-fourths wider
than long, sides rounded into base; disk finely and rather sparsely punc-
tate, the median groove distinct, the two outer ones faint. Elytra slightly
wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely, sparsely and rugosely punc-
tate. Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, almost smooth. Male with
two slight tubercles on hind margin of seventh ventral and head wider and
more quadrate behind the eyes than in female. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Marshall, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. April 17-
June 24.
904 (2755). OXYTELUS INSIGNITUS Gray., Mon. Col. Mier., 1806, 188.
_ Elongate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, shining; thorax dark red-
dish-brown; elytra and base of antennz dull yellow: legs paler. Head of
male wider than thorax, quadrate, nearly smooth, strigose each side behind
the eyes; of female, not as wide as thorax. rounded behind the eyes, sparse-
ly and finely punctate. Thorax truneate at apex, front angles almost rect-
angular, sides rounded into base; disk rather coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate, with three deep grooves, its sides concave. Elytra slightly wider and
distinctly longer than thorax. finely and rather closely punctate, and finely
longitudinally rugose. Abdomen minutely granulate, not punctate. Length
2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 5-October 4. Oc-
curs in fungi, beneath bark and dead leaves. The mandibles of the
male are very long, slender and scythe-shaped,
TIE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 469
905 (9715). OxyTELUS sUsPECTUS Casey, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.. VII, 1803,
395.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; elytra piceous; legs fus-
cous yellow. Head about as wide as thorax, male, distinctly narrower, fe
male, finely and sparsely punctate, the vertex with three slightly impressed
grooves. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk
coarsely, rather closely and roughly punctate, with three grooves, the me-
dian one narrow, the others broad and shallow. Elytra slightly wider and
one-third longer than thorax, seulptured as in insignitus, Abdomen smooth,
polished. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Kosciusko, Marion and Putnam countics; scaree. March 17-
July 10. Sifted from damp vegetable debris.
906 (2759). OXyYTELUS PLAcUSINUS Lec... Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, VI, 1877,
NOT
QBN
Elongate, slender, depressed. Head and abdomen fusco-piceous; tho-
rax and elytra pale reddish-brown ; legs pale yellow. Head narrower than
thorax, as long as wide, finely and densely rugosely punctate behind, front
nearly smooth. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight;
apex truncate, hind angles obtuse; disk densely and rugosely punctate, the
median groove faint, the others obsolete. Elytra distinctly wider and longer
than thorax, punctured as there. Abdomen smooth above, finely and densely
punctate beneath. Length 2-2.3 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 19-April 21. Sifted from ants’
nests.
O. tetracarinatus Block, (depressus Grav.), a European species,
is said by LeConte to occur in Indiana, but [ have seen no specimens.
907 (2762). OxyTELUs ExIevts Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, TOs,
Elongate, parallel. Black, opaque; elytra fuscous; legs pale yellow.
Ilead slightly narrower than thorax, densely and finely strigose. Thorax
one-half wider than long, sides and apex feebly curved; disk with very fine,
dense Jengthwise strigre, the usual grooves very faint. Elytra flat, one-
third longer and a little wider than thorax, more coarsely strigose with fine
punctures between the strigz. Abdomen smooth, polished. Length 1.5-
1.8 mm.
Putnam and Lawrence counties; scaree. April 17—July 29.
LNXNIV. TrocopHuers Mann. 1830. (Gr., ‘to gnaw + hark.’’)
Elongate slender forms having the front tibia not spinose; sec-
ond joint of tarsi with a long, slender spine or stout seta extending
beneath as far as the end of the third or last joint; tarsal claws
large; scutellum invisible; middle cox» contiguous. The following
paper is the only one treating of the genus as a whole:
470 TPAMILY Xp ours cc viav verses
Cusey.— ‘A Preliminary Monograph of the North American
Species of Trogophleus,’’ in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, IV,
1889, 322-383.
~The following species have been taken or perhaps occur in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TROGOPHL@GUS.
«a. Thorax with a deep transverse curved or lunate groove near the base.
b. Color dark reddish-brown ;, legs pale. 908. ARCIFER,
bb. Color black; legs and antenni black; thorax widest before the mid-
dle. ANTHRACINUS,
ada. Thorax without a curved groove near base, but usually with a length-
wise groove on basal half each side of a slightly raised median line.
ce. Eyes large, convex and prominent, the distance from their hind mar-
gin to base of head less than one-third their diameter.
d. Thorax subhexagonal, widest one-third behind apex, the sides
thence converging and nearly straight to base; its disk broadly
impressed on side; length 3-3.2 mm. 909. QUADRIPUNCTATUS.
dd. Thorax rounded in front, widest just in front of middle, sides
thence converging to base; disk not flattened on the sides; length
2.5 mm. 910. MEMNONIUs.
ec. Eyes smal], much less prominent, the distance from their hind mar-
gin to base nearly as long as or longer than the eyes.
e. Hlytra chestnut brown or paler.
f. Larger, 2.6 mm.; thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate.
PHLCOPORINUS.
ff. Smaller, not over 2 mm.; thorax densely and finely punctate.
911. POSEYENSIS.
ec, EBlytra black or piceous.
g. Elytra distinctly longer than thorax; surface not opaque; an-
tenn shorter than head and thorax; length 1.8-2 mm.
912. AGONUS.
gg. Elytra not longer than thorax; surface strongly granulate and
opaque; length .6 mm. BRACHYPTERUS.
90S (2770). TRoGOPILaUSs ARCIFER Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1877.
245.
Elongate, rather robust, convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown; legs
and antenne slightly paler. Head three-fourths as wide as thorax, coarsely.
deeply and rather sparsely punctate. Antenne longer than head and tho-
rax, the outer joints thickened. Thorax one-half wider than long, widest
just in front of middle, the sides thence curving to base; disk coarsely.
deeply and rather closely punctate. T[lytra one-third wider and one-half
longer than thorax, coarsely but not densely punctate. Abdomen almost
as wide as elytra, rather finely and sparsely punctured. Length 2.8 mm.
Fountain County; rare. August 17. The specimen at hand has
the legs, antennv and abdomen but slightly paler than elytra; other-
wise it agrees with the description of the type.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 471
T anthracinus Casey. 2.8 mm. in length, was described from
Kentucky and Virginia.
909 (2773). TROGOPHLGHUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
TY, 1834, 459; ibid. II, 575.
Elongate, rather robust, convex. Black, strongly shining; antenne and
legs piceous ; knees and tarsi paler. Head one-third narrower than thorax,
finely and rather densely punctate. Antenne longer than head and thorax,
second and third joints equal. Thorax two-thirds wider than long; disk
finely and densely punctate, flattened on the sides and with four distinct
impressions on basal half. Elytra distinctly wider and one-half longer than
thorax, coarsely, rather sparsely and deeply punctate. Abdomen slightly
narrower than elytra, minutely granulate. Length 3-3.2 mm.
Kosciusko. Starke. Marshall and Lawrence counties: searee.
June 24+-Angust 22. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.
ry
910 (2776), TROGOPHLG@US MEMNONIUS Brichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840,
806.
Elongate, slender. Black, shining; antennze piceous, the two basal
joints and legs reddish-brown. Head slightly narrower than thorax, minute-
ly and densely punctate. Antenn:e as long as head and thorax, joints two
to four decreasing in length. Thorax one-half wider than long, base much
narrower than apex; disk finely and densely punctate, the impressions on
basal half shallow. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer than thorax,
deeply, rather coarsely. not closely punctate. Abdomen narrower than ely-
tra, very finely granulate, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.
Marshall and Putnam counties; rare. March 20—May 20. Taken
from beneath dead leaves at margin of lake. The impressions of
thorax are somewhat interrupted at middle so as to appear four in
number.
T. phl@oporinus Leec., a very slender. coarsely and sparsely
punctate species, is known from Illinois and Lowa.
911 (——). TROGOPHL@US POSEYENSIS sp. nov.
Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Reddish or fuscous brown, the head
and apical half of abdomen darker; elytra dark clay yellow; antenne pic-
eous, the basal joint and legs pale yellow. Head as wide as thorax. con-
vex, very finely and densely punctate. Antenne longer than head and tho-
rax, the outer joints distinctly thickened. Thorax scarcely wider than long,
widest one-third from apex, thence feelly curved to base; disk finely and
densely punctate, flattened on sides and with four rounded impressions on
basal half. Elytra together broader than long. one-third wider and one-
half longer than thorax, very finely and rather closely punctate. Abdomen
distinctly narrower than elytra, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length
1.8 mm.
Posey County: rare. June 3. Taken by sifting a decaying
beech stump.
472 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINID.E.
912 (9744). TrocopHitasus aconus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1889,
356.
Elongate, slender. Piceous, feebly shining; abdomen black; legs and
antenne dark piceous brown. Head scarcely narrower than thorax, wider
than long, rather finely, deeply and densely punctate. Thorax one-half
wider than long, widest just before the middle, sides feebly curved, apex
much wider than base; disk densely and somewhat coarsely punctate and
with two distinct parallel impressions on basal half. Elytra together about
as long as wide, one-fourth wider and three-fourths longer than thorax,
rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Abdomen minutely granulate, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.8—-2 mm.
Starke and Putnam counties; scarce. Mareh 20-May 19. Sifted
from damp vegetable debris.
T. brachypterus Lec.. wholly dull black in hue and one of the
smallest of the genus, occurs in numbers at Detroit, Michigan, and
probably inhabits northern Indiana.
LXXV. Apocettus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘to withdraw + wild
aninal.’’)
Rather slender glabrous forms having the head equal to or wider
than the thorax; antenne arising from beneath distinct elevated
frontal ridges; abdomen very broad.
918 (2782). APOCELLUS SPH4ERICOLLIS Nay, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV,
Is34, 455; ibid. II, 570.
Elongate, slender, widest across the abdomen. Dark
reddish-brown, strongly shining; head and abdomen
usually darker; antenme fuscous, the first three joints
and legs paler. Head wider than thorax, its sides
oblique and rounded into a distinct neck: surface
smooth, Eyes very small; antenne longer than head
und thorax, the outer joints much enlarged, the second
one-half the length of third. ‘Thorax subglobular, con-
: vex; its surface, as well as that of elytra, with a few
Fig. 168. x Oh scattered minute punctures bearing short black erect
(After Erichson.) hairs. Elytra together wider than long, one-third wider
and slightly longer than thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra, thence
gradually widening to the fourth and fifth segments; surface smooth, highly
polished. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 168.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April 8-May 13. Occurs
beneath stones, logs and damp decaying leaves. The thorax varies
much in color and size.
TimNopius Kies, 1844. (Cr. “shore + to live.’’)
Very small linear depressed, pubescent species having the seutel-
lum visible; the inner apical angles of ciytra broadly and obliquely
THE SIIORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 473
rounded so as -to leave an angle in which the wings are visible;
fourth and sixth joints of antenne smaller than the fifth and
seventh. No species is at hand from the State. 7 fimbriatus Lece.,
.7 mm. in length, dark reddish or chestnut-brown, legs slightly paler,
probably oceurs in the northern counties.
Tribe II. OSORIINI.
Rather stout, black or piceous, more or less cylindrical species
having the middle cox:e contiguous; tarsi 5-jointed ; mandibles stout,
not toothed; abdomen not margined. Our two genera are treated
by:
LeConte.—In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, 215-216.
KEY TO GENERA OF OSORIINI.
a. Front tibiz armed with spines; body cylindrical, pubescent.
LXXVI. Osortus.
ada. Front tibie unarmed; body subcylindrical, glabrous.
LXNXVII. HoLotrrocuus.
LXNXVI. Osorrus Latr. 1829.
Head almost as wide as thorax, the front more or less flattened
and sloping toward mouth; eves small; antenne short, reaching
middle of thorax, first joint long, the others bead-like, gradually
larger. This genus is represented in the State by two of the three
known North American species.
914 (2701). Osortus PLANIFRoNS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877,
215.
Elongate, cylindrical. Black, shining; antennz, legs and elytra dark
reddish-brown. Head as wide as thorax, minutely granulate, finely and
sparsely punctate, front distinctly flattened. Thorax widest at apex, sides
straight and distinctly converging to base; disk sparsely and coarsely punc-
tate, with a wide, smooth median stripe. Elytra narrower at base than
thorax at apex, sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate. Abdomen as
wide as elytra, finely granulate, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length
7-8 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; rare. May 17-May 23. Oc-
curs beneath stones and logs in damp places. A member of the
Austroriparian fauna.
915 (2702). Osorrus LATIPES Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 198.
Elongate, cylindrical. Blackish-piceous, shining, rather thickly clothed
with yellowish hairs; antenne and legs pale reddish-brown; thorax and
elytra often chestnut brown. Head as wide as thorax, rather coarsely and
more ¢lusely punctate; front less flattened. Thorax as in planifrons but
474 FAMILY XI.—Si ari. pinion.
more closely punctured, the median smooth space more narrow. Elytra and
abdomen rather closely and coarsely punctate. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in the southern counties, much
less so northward. March 23—-July 14. Usually found burrowing
in the ground beneath stones. The smaller size, paler antenne and
legs and more closely punctate upper surface readily distinguish
it from planifrons.
LNXVII. Hotorrocrus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘whole+ring or
circle.’’)
Small subeylindrical glabrous species having the
head narrower than thorax, antenne slender with
short basal joint; front tibise not spined. (Fig. 169.)
916 (2704). HoLorrocitus LasvIcAUDA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., 1866, 376.
Elongate, slightly depressed. Dark reddish-brown to
piceous; antennze and legs paler. Head and thorax very
Fig. 169. Holotro- finely and sparsely punctate, the latter subquadrate; slightly
chus volvulus Erichs. wider than long; sides almost straight; hind angles rect-
See ct take angular. Blytra slightly wider and almost one-half longer
Erichson. ) than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, the sutural strie
distinct. Abdomen very minutely punctate above, more distinctly so be-
neath. Length 3.5-4 mim.
Putnam and Marion counties; rare. Mareh 20-November 22.
Taken by sifting.
x
Tribe III. OMAT.IINI.
Small depressed brown or piccous forms having the prosternum
membranous behind the coxe; tarsi 5-jointed; second ventral seg-
ment carinate at base and the head with two simple eves (ocelli).
Our species are in part treated in the following papers:
Fauvel, Alber! — “Les Staphylinides de 1’ Amerique du Nord—
Homalini,”? i Bull. de Ja Sov. Linn,, 3rd ser., vol. II, 1878.
196-255.
Casey.—* Coleopterologieal Notes, V\’?? in Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei.
VIT, 1893, 398-483.
The following genera are probably represented in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OMALIINIL
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi not awl-shaped.
b. Hind tarsi with joints 1-4 unequal.
¢. First joint of hind tarsi much longer than second.
d. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi not longer than third, pear-
shaped. LXXVIII. GropRomMicus
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BERTLES. 475
dd. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi longer than third.
e. Maxillary palpi with fourth joint four times longer than third.
f. Elytra short, quadrate; antennz without club.
LYXIX. LEsreva.
ff. Elytra long, extending to the apex of the third ventral; an-
tenn with last three joints longer and thicker, forming
an elongate and slender club. ‘TEVALES.
ce. Maxillary palpi wide, short, fourth joint stout; tibiz with
spinules.
y. Antenne nearly filiform, the outer joints gradually and
slightly thickened.
h. Hind tarsi with first joint only elongated.
i. Mandibles short, without teeth. LXAXX, AcmorTa.
ii. Mandibles short, the right one toothed at middle.
LXNNI. ARPEDIUM.
hh. Hind tarsi with fourth joint very long, the second elon-
gated but shorter than first. AMPHICHROUM.
gg. Antenne with joints 5-11 suddenly thicker; front of head
but slightly prolonged. TRIGONODEMUS.
ce, First and second joints of hind tarsi equally elongated.
j. Front coxe large, conical and prominent.
k. Antenne thickened towards apex; tibiz with spinules.
LATHRIM-EUM.
kk. Antenne slender; tibie pubescent. LXXXII. OLopHRUM.
jj. Front cox small, transverse, not prominent; fifth joint of hind
tarsi equal to the others united. PYCNOGLYPTA.
bb. Hind tarsi with joints 1 to 4 very short and equal; elytra long.
1. Tibizs: with fine spinules: right mandible with a tooth.
LNNNIII. Homatium.
ll. Tibizs pubescent; mandibles not toothed. LXXXIV. ANTHOBIUAN.
aa, Last joint of maxillary palpi very small and narrow, awl-shaped, the
third joint long, obconical; antennie slightly and gradually thickened ;
first joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second.
LXXNY. EPHELIsS.
LNNVITI. Groprosaices Redt. 1858. ¢Cr.. ‘‘the earth + running
over.’’)
Rather large flattened species having the antenne long and
slender; elytra covering half the abdomen: hind tarsi with joints 1
to 4 rather short. unequal. the first joint distinctly longer than
second.
917 (2799). GEODROMICUS BRUNNEUS Nay, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ILI,
158; ibid. II, 102.
Elongate-oval, strongly depressed. Dark reddish-brown; antenne, ab-
domen and legs reddish-yellow; elytra and abdomen both clouded with pic-
eous near their tips. Head narrower than thorax, strongly excavate be
tween the eyes, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax coblong-oval,
476 FAMILY XI.—STAPILYLINIDAD.
widest at middle; sides strongly rounded, sinuate near base, hind angles
rectangular; disk coarsely and rather closely punctured, with a deep me-
dian impressed line and a fovea at middle of base. FElytra at base slightly
wider than thorax, reaching to fourth segment of abdomen, coarsely and
rather densely punctate. Abdomen rather finely and sparsely punctate.
Length 6.5-8 mm. :
Southern half of State, scarce; Lake County only in the north.
May 11—October 20. Occurs beneath stones, moss and leaves in
damp places. Usually listed as cesus Erichs., but Say’s name has
priority. The thorax varies much in size and in the depth of the
sinuation behind middle.
918 (9789). GroprRomicus stictus Fauv., Rev. Ent., 1889, 126.
Form of brunneus. Black, shining; antennze and legs and often the
tip of abdomen, reddish-brown. Head narrower than thorax, front triangu-
lar, narrowly impressed between the eyes, finely and sparsely punctate.
Thorax subcordate, wider than long, sides strongly rounded, deeply sinuate
behind, the base much narrower than apex; disk finely and rather closely
punctate, the median line shallow. Elytra at base equal in width to tho-
rax; surface, as well as that of abdomen, finely and rather closely punc-
tate. Length 5.5-G mm.
“Fulton County; rare. August 20. A species of northern range.
LXXTX. Lesreva Latr. 1796. (Gr., “a robber.’’)
Small, flattened species, having the third joint of maxillary
palpi very small, not longer than wide, the fourth joint very long;
thorax (in our species) not flattened on the sides; first joint of hind
tarsi not quite as long as second.
919 (2803). Lestreva paLiipes Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 55.
Elongate-oval, depressed. Blackish-piceous to dull brownish-yellow,
feebly shining, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs; elytra when piceous
each with an oblique pale spot extending from humerus to suture. Head
with two deep, oblique impressions, rather densely and finely punctate.
Thorax subcordate, slightly longer than wide, widest in front of middle,
the sides thence oblique and sinuate to base: disk finely and sparsely punc-
tate and with two distinct. shallow oblong impressions on basal half. Ely-
tra at base one-half wider than thorax, thence feebly widening to apex,
covering one-half or more of abdomen, finely and sparsely punctate. Abdo-
men as wide as elytra, broadly margined, very finely punctate. Length
+ mm.
Marion, Putnam and Crawford counties; frequent locally. May
11-October 17. Taken by sifting vegetable debris from about hill-
side springs. Probably orcurs throughout the Ntate. One speci-
men was found crawling on the floor of Wyandotte Cave nearly
one mile from the mouth.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 477
Tevales cribatulus Casey. 2.7 mm. in length and pale uniform
brewnish-yellow threughout, was described from Pennsylvania.
LXNXX. <Acimors Steph. 1881. (Gr., ‘‘sharp.’’)
Small elongate, subconvex species having the fourth joint of
maxillary palpi scarcely longer than third; mandibles without
teeth; elytra reaching middle of abdomen, their outer apical angle
rounded. One species has been taken in the State, while another
may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACIDOTA.
a. Elytral punctures coarse, arranged in regular rows; length 6-7 mm.
CRENATA.
aa. Elytral punctures finer, more or less irregularly placed; length 4.5-
5 mi. 920. SUBCARINATA.
A, ercnata Fab., piceous or dark chestnut-brown, antenne and
legs paler, occurs in Canada and at Detroit, and probably in the
northern counties of Indiana.
920 (2806). AcIpDOTA SUBCARINATA Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840. 863.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining;
head, thorax and dorsal segments of abdomen often more or Jess fuscous.
Thorax subquadrate, a little Iwoader than long; sides feebly curved, de-
pressed near hind angles, which are obtuse; disk rather coarsely, deeply
and sparsely punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax, the
punetures fine. deep and arranged in irregular donble rows with fine raised
lines between. Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and sparsely punctate.
Length 4.5-5 mm.
Martin and Posey ccunties; rare. April 21-Mayv 6. Beaten
from apple blossoms.
LXXNXI. Arpvepium Erichs. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘flat.’’)
Oblong, subdepressed brownish or piceous species having the
antenne filiform, longer than head and thorax; right mandible
toothed at middle; elytra reaching usually to or beyond middle of
abdomen. Two species have been taken in the State and two others
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ARPEDIUM.
a. Thorax and elytra distinctly punctate.
b. Winged species; elytra long, not obliquely truncate at tips.
e. Disk of thorax even, densely and rather finely punctate.
921, CRIBATUM.
ec. Disk of thorax upeven. widely and deeply impressed each side.
922. SCHWARZII.
478 FAMILY XT.—STAPHYLINID.E.
bb. Wingless species; elytra very short, obliquely truncate at apex.
ANGULARE,
aa. Thorax very sparsely and obsoletely punctate; winged species; elytra
much longer than thorax. TENUE,
921 (2808). ARpEDIUM cRIBATUM Fauv., Bull. Soc. Linn., II, 1878, 224.
Elongate-oval, depressed. Head black; disk of thorax and elytra dark
reddish-brown; legs and narrow margins of thorax and elytra paler; abdo-
men, under surface and antennie, except the base, piceous. Head about one-
half the width of thorax, sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax subquad-
rate, sides feebly curved, front angles rounded, hind ones obtuse, base al-
most as wide as apex. Elytra at base but slightly wider than thorax, reach-
ing almost to fourth segment of abdomen, coarsely, somewhat roughly, not
densely punctate. Abdomen smooth. Length 4.5-% mm.
Marion and Vigo counties; frequent locally. Mareh 1-October
5. Oceurs beneath bark of logs and dead leaves in damp places.
922 (2809). ARPEDIUM SCHWARzII Fauv., Bull. Soc. Linn., II, 1$78, 225.
Elongate-oval, depressed. Dull brownish (or fuscous) yellow, mod-
erately shining; legs, sides of thorax and elytra slightly paler; antennie
dusky, paler at base and apex. Thorax quadrate, scarcely wider than long;
sides feebly curved; disk finely and irregularly punctate, wneven, with three
or four smooth raised spaces near middle and a deep impression each side.
Elytra distinctly wider and more than twice as long as thorax, coarsely,
deeply, not closely punctate. Length 3.5-3.7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 23-October 21.
Occurs beneath cover in damp places. The Acidota subcarinata of
my ‘‘Winter Insects.’’
A. angularc Fauy.. color and size of sehivarzii and A. tenue Lece.,
blackish piceous in hue and 44.5 in length, are both boreal species,
taken in Michigan and probably oceur in northern Indiana.
Amphicroum levicolle Lec., blackish to dull reddish-vellow in
hue, 3.7-5 mm. in length, occurs in abundance on flowers of Cra-
tagus in Pennsylvania.
Trigonodemus striatus Lee, is a southern form, also blackish
piceous, smooth, shining, length 4.5 mm., which has been recorded
from Cincinnati.
Lathrimeum sovdidum Erichs., dull yellow, with piceous abdo-
men, 2.7 mm. in length, is also recorded from the same locality.
LXXNII. Onopirens Erichs. 1838, (Gr., ‘‘bold.’’)
Ohlong-oval, convex, black or piceous species having the man-
dibles and tibie without teeth or spines; antenne slender, as long
as head and thorax; elytra covering two-thirds of abdomen. One
specics has been taken and another perhaps oecurs in the State.
THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 479
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OLOPHRUM.
a. Thorax twice as wide as long, ‘sides broadly rounded into base and
apex; length 5-6 mm. 923. OBTECTUM.
aa. Thorax subquadrate, sides subparallel. the front angles obliquely trun-
eate; length 4.5-5 mm. ROTUNDICOLLE.
923 (2828). OLoPHRUM optectUm Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 865.
Oblong-oval, convex. Uniform piceous, shining; antenne, legs and very
narrow margin of thorax reddish-brown. Head rather coarsely and closely
punctate, with two shallow triangular impressions on vertex. Thorax
coarsely. evenly, not densely punctate, often with a faint rounded impres-
sion at middle of base. Elytra scarcely wider and nearly three times longer
than thorax, densely, rather coarsely and evenly punctate. Abdomen smooth,
its apex paler. Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State: common. April 7-November 28. Oc-
eurs on fungi and beneath bark and leaves.
O. rotundicolle Sahlb., is a boreal species reported from Cin-
cinnati.
Pycnoglypta lurida Gyll., oblong,convex, brownish-
piceous, 2.8 mm. in length, is also recorded from the
same locality.
LXNNNIIT. Howartta Gray. 1802. (Gr., ‘Seven or
smooth.’’)
: : Fig. 170. Homalium
Small elongate or oblong. subdepressed species (Fig. dijusumFauv. x 10.
170), having the joints of hind tarsi very short and ar
equal, tibie with fine spines; maxillary palpi with last joint longer
than third; elytra reaching to or beyond the middle of abdomen.
The following have been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HOMALIUM.
a. Thorax even. or sometimes with two more or less obsolete impressions
on the disk.
b. Sides of thorax not angulate at middle.
c. Thorax very even, strongly convex; length2.3mm. 924. HAMATUM.
ee. Thorax with a faint impression each side of disk.
d. Elytra convex.
e. Smaller, 3 min.; black or piceous; abdomen almost smooth;
elytra not striolate. HUMEROSUM.
ee. Larger, 4 mm.: reddish-brown; abdomen strongly and densely
punctate; elytra striolate. PU NCTIVENTRE.
dd. Elytra subdepressed:; thorax short, hind angles obtuse.
925. FLORALE.
bb. Sides of thorax angulate at middle; head and thorax shining, dis-
tinctly punctate. 926. FRACTUM.
aa. Thorax uneven, the disk with two distinct fovee.
[3123402]
480 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
f. Head distinctly narrower than thorax, the latter, as well as the legs
and border of elytra, reddish-brown. 927. REPANDUM.
ff. Head only slightly narrower than apex of thorax, the latter black.
FORAMINOSUM.
924 (2851). HomaLruM HAMATUM Fauv., Bull. Soe. Linne., II, 1878, 209.
Oblong-oval. Dull reddish or dusky yellow, sparsely pubescent; head
and tips of elytra fuscous. Antenne shorter than head and thorax; the
latter one-half wider than long, widest at base, sides feebly curved, disk
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer
than thorax, more coarsely and elosely punctured than there. Hind tibie
deeply emarginate on the cuter side. Sixth segment of male feebly sinuate
at apex. Length 2.3 mm.
Marion and Fountain counties; scaree. June 12—June 17.
TT. humerosum Fauy. and I, puncliventre Fany., described from
Pennsylvania and Missouri, doubtless oceur in Indiana.
925 (2S54). ITOMATIUM FLORALE Vayk., Mon. Stapl., 1789, 67.
Klongate-oblong. Uniform black or piceous, feebly shining; antenne
and legs reddish-brown, Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly
curved, narrowly depressed near hind angles; disk finely, rather densely
saul evenly punctate. Viylra slightly wider and more than twice longer
than thorax, densely and finely punctate and faintly strigose. Abdomen
minutely and sparsely punctate, Length $-3.5 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; scarce. May 22-November 1. This
is the species usually known as riufipes Fauy.
826 °(2855). ILoMALIUM rFRAcTUM Iauy., Bull. Soc. Linne., 11, INSTS. 212.
Oblong, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining; disk of elytra often
piceous. Tfend three-fourths as wide as thorax, finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax one-half wider than long, convex, hind angles obtuse: sides
curved in front of middle, thence feebly sinuate to base; disk rather coarse-
ly, not densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider. twice longer and more
coarsely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Albdomen smooth. Length
2.3 mm.
Fountain and Vigo counties; searee. February 23-June 17.
Occurs beneath bark in moist places. :
N27 (2842). HoMaArium REPANDUM Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, S78.
Elongate, slender, depressed. Head, abdomen and disk of elytra pic-
eous, opaque; thorax. antenme, legs and sides of elytra reddish-brown. An-
tenunee longer than head and thorax; head coarsely and densely punctured.
Thorax slightly broader than long, sides feebly curved, sinuate behind;
disk flattened on sides, finely, rather densely punctate, with two oblong
impressions on basal two-thirds. | Wlytra slightly wider and_ two-thirds
longer than thorax, coarsely, densely and roughly punetate. Abdomen
ninufely granulate-punetate. Length 3.5 4.5 aim.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 1S-November 22.
Occurs beneath dead leaves,
TUE SILORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 481
LXNXXIV-— AntHosrum Leach. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘a flower + liv-
ing on.”’
Short and rather broad, subdepressed species having the elytra
usually reaching nearly to or beyond the tip of abdomen; last joint
of maxillary palpi longer than the third; tibiae pubescent; hind
tarsi as in Homalium. Two species have been taken and one other
perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHOBIUM.
a. Body distinctly couvex; thorax not grooved; elytra as long as or longer
than abdomen, acuminate in female. 928. CONVEXUM.
aa. Body feebly convex or subdepressed.
b. Thorax not grooved, sparsely and finely punctate; elytra of female
truncate, not covering tip of abdomen. 929. HORNI.
bb. Thorax distinctly grooved; elytra of female truncate, not reaching
much beyond the middle of abdomen. POTHOS.
928 (2868). ANTHOBIUM CONVEXUM Fauy., Bull. Soc. Linne., II, 1878, 201.
Oblong-oval, convex. Dull reddish-yellow ; head and thorax alutaceous;
elytra shining; base of abdomen black in male. Head as broad as apex of
thorax, flattened and minutely and sparsely punctured between the eyes.
Antenne not reaching base of thorax. joints 7-11 forming an elongate club.
Thorax distinctly wider at base than apex, sides feebly curved; disk con-
vex, flattened near hind angles, sparsely and very finely punctate. Elytra
feebly widened from base to apex, their tips rounded in male, acute in
female; surface more coarsely and closely punctate than thorax. Length
2-2.5 mom.
Steuben, Fountain. Marion and Martin counties; frequent lo-
cally. April 28-June 16. Occurs on flowers of black haw; especi-
ally abundant on those of the red-berried elder in the marshes of
Steuben County. Our only species of the subfamily with the elytra
longer than the abdomen.
920 (2870). ANTHOBIUM HORNI Fauv., Bull. See. Linne., II, IS7S8, 202.
Short, rather lread. subdepressed. Dull reddish-yellow, shining; ah-
domen of male in great part piceous. of female piceous at apex. Head
finely and sparsely punctate; antenne shorter than head and thorax, joints
7-10 broader than long, forming a loose club. Thorax more than twice as
wide as long; sides rounded into hase and apex; disk finely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra more than twice as long as thorax, their tips truncate.
Length 2-2.4 mm.
Martin, Posey and Crawford counties; searee. May 6-May 25.
4. pothos Mann, reddish-yellow, abdomen black, 2.5-2.8 mm. in
length, is a boreal species which may occur in northern Indiana.
LXNXNXV_ Epueris Fauv. 1878. (Gr., ‘‘on+a nail or stud.’’)
Rather elongate, feebly convex. strongly punctate species hav-
ing the head not constricted at base. eves large; third joint of maxil-
482 FAMILY XI.—STAPHYLINIDA.
lary palpi truncate at apex, fourth very short, slender; antenna
short; thorax subeylindrieal; hind tarsi with joints one and two
slightly longer than three and four, which are equal.
980 (2876). Epueris notara Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 58.
Elongate-oval. Black, feebly shining; legs and base of antenne red-
dish-yellow ; elytra each with the apical margin and a small rounded spot
at middle reddish-yellow. Thorax subquadrate, widest at apical fourth,
the sides thence almost straight and slightly converging to base; disk
densely and rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Elytra at base one-
third wider than thorax, feebly widening to tips, which are truncate; sur-
face coarsely and densely punctate. Length 2.5--2.7 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 25.
Tribe IV. PROTEININI.
Species not exceeding 3 mm. in length, having the antenne
inserted under the sides of the front; head without ocelli; proster-
num horn-like behind the front coxe, which are transverse and
somewhat prominent; hind coxe transverse; tarsi 5-jointed. Two
genera represent the tribe in the United States. The species of this
tribe are treated by
Fauval.— ‘Les Staphylinides de L’Amerique du Nord,’’ in Bull.
Soe. Linne., IT, 1878, 190-196.
KEY TO GENERA OF PROTEININI.
a. Antenne with only the last joint larger; thorax always with a median
impressed line. LXXXVI. MEGARTHRUS.
aa. Antenne with the last three joints larger. PROTINUS.
LXXXVI. Mraarturus Steph. 1831. (Gr., ‘‘big + joint.’’)
Small, broad subdepressed species, having the head much nar-
rower than thorax, constricted at base; maxillary palpi short, the
fourth joint slender and acuminate; antenns short, the last joint
very large, subglobose; elytra truneate, covering more than one-
half of abdomen ; hind tarsi with first four joints short, equal. One
species has heen taken and another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MEGARTHRUS.
a. Thorax black, the sides slightly angulate. EXCISUS.
aa. Thorax dull yellow, the disk brownish. 931. AMERICANUS.
M. excisus Lec., piceous, narrower than americanus, 2.5 mm. in
length, is recorded by Dury from Cincinnati.
931 (2888). M&rGARTHRUS AMERICANUS Sachse., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 149.
Oblong-oval, depressed. Dusky or fuscous yellow; head black; legs
dull yellow. Head narrower than thorax, finely rugose. ‘Thorax as wide
THE SIIORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 483
as elytra, more than twice as wide as long, base and apex truncate; sides
rounded, widely depressed: margins with a small blunt tooth in front of
middle and another one-fourth from base; disk coarsely and rugosely punec-
tate and with a deep entire median groove. Elytra more than twice as
long as thorax, densely, coarsely and rugosely punctate. Abdomen finely
and rather closely punctate. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 26. Ocecnrs in fungi.
Protinus atomarius Evichs.. black or brownish-black, antennae
dull yellow, length 1-1.3 mm.. has been recorded from near Cin-
cinnati and Detroit.
Subfamily NX. PIESTINAE,
Elongate, slender, parallel species. resembling Cueujids in gen-
eral appearance and. like them. living beneath bark. They have
the antenne inserted under the sides of the front. straight, with
the outer joints slightly thickened; thoracic spiracles covered; pro-
sternum wholly of a horn-like texture; front coxe globular. The
North American species of this subfamily and the next are treated
by a
LeConte.—In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VI, 1877, 249-252.
Fauvel.—In Bull. Soc. Linne., [J. 187s, 167-188.
The following genera of the subfamily are probably represented
in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PIESTIN-E.
a. Abdomen not margined.
b. Tarsi 5-jointed; front cox separated. EXAAVIT. LisPrsre.
bb. Tarsi 3-jointed: front cox contiguous. LXAAVIIL Gprrproma,
aa. Abdomen margined: tarsi 5-jeinted; front cox contiguous.
ec. Front tibize not spinose.
d. Abdomen widely margined. TRIGA.
dd. Abdomen very finely margined. ELEUSIs,
ce. Front tibia with spinules: body much flattened; front impressed,
horned in male. STAGONIUM.
LNXNNNVIT. Lispixvus Erichs. 1840. (Gr... ‘‘elean.*’)
Very slender species having the head directed for-
ward: antenne not longer than head and thorax:
mandibles small. not toothed: thorax snbquadrate;
elytra truneate. (Fig. 171.) One species has been
taken and another may occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LISPINUS.
a. Black or piceous, shining; legs reddish-brown; front not
impressed: length 4.8-4.5 mm. LINEARIS. Fig. 171. Lispinus
i + ‘ angustatus Erichs.
aa, Chestnut brown; front with two shallow impressions; 7. A spe-
length 2.5 mm. 982. EXIGUtS. oe (After Erich-
484 FAMILY XI.—STAPITYLINIDAS.
L. lincaris Erichs. is a southwestern species which has been re-
corded from Cincinnati.
932 (2887). Lispinus Extcui's Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 830.
Linear, parallel. Uniform chestnut brown, shining, not punctate. Head
almost as wide as thorax. ‘Thorax subquadrate, narrowed at hase; disk
deeply impressed each side in front of hind angles. which are rectangular.
Elytra together as wide as and one-third longer than thorax, each with a
distinct dorsal puncture near middle. Abdomen narrower than elytra,
minutely alutaceous. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Parke County; rare. May 13.
LXNXVIIL Guyproma Erichs. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘seulpture + joint.’’)
Small elongate brownish forms having (in our spe-
cies) the thorax and elytra carinate; abdomen not
margined; tarsi three-jointed. (Fig. 172.)
933 (2898). GLypToMA COSTALE Hrichs., Gen. Spec. Staph.,
1840, 909.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark chestnut brown, opaque.
Antenne reaching middle of thorax. Head margined, the
vertex with elevated lines. Thorax subquadrate, front an-
gles prominent, disk with six carine, the outer ones close
Fig. 172. Glyp- to margin. Elytra slightly wider, scarcely longer than tho-
some oe rax, each with four carinse; intervals minutely punctate.
American species- First five segments of abdomen with elongate granules on
(After Briehson.) their hind margins. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Mareh 23-—June 16. Taken
hy sifting decaying wood.
Triga wierpennis Lee., blackish-piceous, antenne and legs paler,
length 3 mm., is known from near Detroit. Michigan and Kansas.
Kleusis pallidus Lee., reddish-brown and shining, length 3.5 mm.,
lives in ants’ nests at various points in the Eastern United States
and doubtless occurs in the State.
Stagoniion americanum Melsh., reddish-vellow, feebly shining,
head and thorax very finely punctate, length 4-6.5 mm., and S.
punclatum Lee. 4-6 mm., black or dark chestnut-brown, head and
thorax coarsely punctate, also have a range which includes Indiana.
Subfamily XI. MICROPEPLINAE.
Small subquadrate species having the antenne 9-jointed, in-
serted under the sides of the front and in repose received in pro-
sternal cavities; front cox transverse, not prominent; hind coxe
THE FEATHER-WINGED BEETLES. 485
rounded, widely separated by the broadly dilated second ventral
segment; tarsi three-jointed.
Several species of the genus Micropeplus have a range which
may include Indiana. They have the abdomen margined and head,
thorax and elytra costate. much as in Glyptomu. J. cribatus Lec.,
blackish with the next to last segment of abdomen carinate above;
the coste of elytra sinuate, intervals coarsely punctured, length 2
mm., has been taken near Cincinnati. I. tesserula Curtis, sixth
segment not carinate, body black, shining, length 1.5-2 mm., is a
boreal species known from Michigan.
Family NI. TRICHOPTERYGID.E.
THe FRatHer-WINGED teres.
This is a small family of minute beetles. the largest of which
scarcely exceeds a pin-head in size. They live in retten wood and
dung, on fungus covered logs and in ants’ nests. and comprise the
smallest of known beetles. The name is derived from that of the
typieal genus, Trichoptery.r, a term meaning ‘‘hairy-winged,’’ the
inner wings. when present, being long, narrow and fringed with
long hairs, or feather-like in appearance.
The members of the family have the maxillhe exposed at the base,
whieh is large, with two lobes, the outer one hooked; palpi +-jointed,
the last joint needle-shaped; antennew usually 11-jointed, inserted
on the margins of the front, the joints with whorls of long hairs,
joints 3 to 7 slender, 5-11 thicker, forming a loose elongate club;
thorax with the side pieces distinct; elytra often abbreviated; inner
wings as above described; abdomen with six or seven free ventral
segments; front cox subglobular, prominent, contiguous; middle
coxee oval, separated; hind ones transverse, more or less separated ;
tarsi 3-jointed, the last joint with two equal simple claws.
About 75 species, distributed among 18 genera, are known from
North America. Of these but 8 have been taken in Indiana, though
a number of others doubtless occur, and the genera are therefore
included in the key which follows: The principal and practically
the only reference works are as follows:
Matthews, Rev. A.—‘Trichopterygia Illustrata et Descripta,’’
London, 1872.
Ihid,— “Synopsis of North American Trichopteryeidie.?? in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1584. 113-156.
486 FAMILY XII.—TRICHOPTERYGID&.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TRICHOPTERYGIDZ.
a. Hlytra entire.
b. Thorax widest at base.
ec. Pygidium invisible; form oval, very convex; color dark.
I. Nosstpium.
ce. Pygidium visible beyond the elytra; hind angles of thorax not
elongate; form elongate; color pale. NANOSELLA.
bb. Thorax widest before the base.
d. Pygidium visible beyond the elytra. PTILIUM.
dd. Pygidium invisible. 8 IJ. PYENIDIUM.
aa, Elytra truncate.
c. Antenne yery short, 9-jointed; eyes wanting; thorax larger than
elytra. III. LimMvu.Lopes.
cc, Antenne elongate, 11-jointed.
f. Thorax widest at the base.
g. Abdomen with seven ventral segments. PTERYX.
gg. Abdomen with six ventral segments.
‘m h. Hind coxee very widely separated; mesosternum scarcely cari-
nate; color pale. PTINELLODES.
hh. Hind coxee moderately separated; mesosternum distinctly cari-
nate. IV. TRICHOPTERYX.
ff. Thorax widest before the base.
i. Blytra long; mesosternum carinate; color dark. Vv. SMIcRUs.
wi. Elytra short; mesosternum not carinate,
j. Body opaque; abdomen moderate; hind cox:e with plates.
NEPHANES.
jj. Body translucent; abdomen very long; color pale.
VI, PTINELLA.
I. Nossiptum Erichs. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘nest + formed.’’)
Small oval, convex species having joints 1 and 2 of antenne very
large, 3-8 slender, 9-11 much thickened; abdomen with seven seg-
ments. entirely covered by elytra: metasternum not reaching the
sides of the body. One of the two known species occurs in the
State.
934 (2914). NossipiumM AMERICANUM Mots., Bull. Mose., 41, 1868, 191.
Oblong-oval, very convex. Ilead and thorax
piceous, strongly shining; elytra reddish-brown.
rather thickly clothed with long yellowish hairs;
legs and antenne yellow. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, hind angles rectangular;
sides rounded, distinctly margined, surface very
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra not wider
than thorax, surface with rather deep, rugose
punctures in sinuate transverse rows; tips broad,
much rounded. Length 1 mm. (ig. 173.)
Monroe County; frequent. May 13-June
9. Taken hy sifting debris of beech stump.
Fig. 173. x 34. (Original.) = Probably occurs throughout the State.
THE FEATHER-WINGED BEETLES. 487
Nanosella fungi Lee.. elongate. reddish-yellow. legs and anten-
nx paler, length .3 of one mm.. has been taken near Cincinnati. It
is the smallest of North American beetles and occurs in powdery
fungi. Ptilium collani Makl.. oblong, pitchy-black. length .7 of
one mm.,. may also oeeur.
Il, Prexiptem Erichs. 1845. Gr. -* provided with little
feathers.*’)
Small elongate or oblong-oval species having the elub of an-
tenne formed cf three joints; thorax small. narrower at base than
middle: elytra entire. concealing all seven segments of the abdo-
men; metasternum large. quadrate, extending to the sides of the
body. Two have been taken in the State. and another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTENIDIUM.
a. Thorax with wvo distinct fovere on each side near the base; color pale
chestnut brown. FOVEICOLLE.
aa. Thorax with but one fovea on each side at hase. or none.
b. Color black. shining. the tips of elytra yellowish. an, PUSILLUM.
bb. Color dull yellow, shining: elytra each with two blackish stripes.
936. LINEATUM..
935 (2929). PIENIpIUM PUsILLUM Gyll, Ins. Suec.. I, isos. 184.
Rather broadly ovate. convex. Black or piceous, shining, very sparsely
clothed with lone whitish hairs: tips of elytra more or less widely reddish-
yellow ; legs and antennze dull yellow. the club of the latter dusky. Thorax
much wider than long, widest juxt behind the middle. sides rounded. hind
angles obtuse; disk deeply and sparsely punctured and with a deep trans
verse impression each side at base near the angles. Elytra ovate. widest
before the middle. with very fine remote punctures in rews. Length 1-
1.5 mm.
Putnam County: rare. March 25. Taken bv <ifting dead leaves.
W386 (254). PYrENIDIUM LINEATUM Lee. N. Sy. N. Amer. Col. T. 1863, 63.
Elongateoblong. convex. Color yiven in key. Thorax slightly wider
than long. a little narrower at apex than base. very finely punctate. Elr-
tra oval. sparsely clothed with fine silken hairs. Length 4 mm.
Clark County: rare. May 6. Taken from fungi on beech log.
A member of the Austroriparian fauna.
Il. Liwciepes Matthews. 18467.
One small reddish species belonys here. It has the antenne very
short and thick. joints 1 and 2 large. 3-6 very small, 7-9 very large
and forming an elongate club; head small. defiexed; elytra trun-
cate. short and narrowed toward the apex; abdomen short. with six
488 FAMILY XU.-—TRICHOPTERYGID AR.
segments, three of which are exposed above; prosternum produced
behind into a long, broad plate, bifid at apex ; mesosternum strongly
carinate, produced into a broad, spoon-shaped process which covers
the hind coxe.
987 (2935). LimuLopES PARADOXA Matthews, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,
VIII, 1867, 409.
Conie, widest in front. very convex. Reddish-yellow, shining, thickly
clothed with a silky grayish pubescence. Thorax very large and convex,
widest at base, sides circularly rounded in front, hind angles acute and
slightly produced; surface alutaceous. Hlytra shorter and narrower than
head and thorax, surface very finely and prettily granulate. Length 1 mm.
Clark County; scarce. May 5. Three specimens from ants’
nests beneath flat stones. Occurs throughout the United States.
Pteryx brunnca Lec., chestnut-brown, thorax with sides widest
at the base, length .9 mm., and P. balteata Lec., bright vellow, tho-
rax with sides slightly rounded and widest before the base, length
.6 mm., may occur in sonthern Indiana.
Plinellodes lecoulc:? Matth., elongate-oblong, vellow, translucent,
length 1 min., mav also oceur.
TV Tricnopreryx Kirby. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘feather +wing.’’)
A large genus of small oblong or ovate species, having the anten-
nx 11-jointed, the last three joints forming a bead-like club; head
large, rather deflexed; elytra truncate, usually short; abdomen with
six ventral segments; hind coxe moderately distinct, the outer edge
expanded into a broad plate. Of the 30 or more species known
from North America but two haye as vet been taken in the State.
though several others doubtless occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICTIOPTERYX,
a. Thorax distinetly wider than elytra.
b. Thorax smooth; elytra not attenuate; color dark chestnut brown,
shining; length .. mm. GLABRICOLLIS.
bb. Thorax with small, rather remote tubercles or granules.
ce. Head and thorax black, the latter dilated; elytra dark chestnut
brown; form elongate-oblong. 988. HALDEMANNI.
ec, Entirely black but thickly clothed with long reddish hair; thorax
widest before the base; length .0 mm. ABRUPTA.
aa. Thorax scarcely or not at all wider than elytra.
d. Hind angles acute, often produced.
e. Head, thorax and abdomen black, elytra dark reddish-brown:
length .9 mi. PARALLELA.
cc. Entirely black or fuscous black.
f. Wiytra widest at apex; length .§ min. ASPERA.
THE FEATHER-WINGED BEETLES. 489
ff. Elytra with the sides nearly straight: thorax widest befure the
base: color fuscous black; length .9 mm. SERICANS.
dd. Hind angles of thorax not acute or produced. 939. MdERENS.
NBS (2966). TRICHOPTERYX HALDEMANNI Lec., List of Col. of N. Am., 1863. 29.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Color given in key; surface sparsely clothed
with short. pale hairs; antennze and lees reddish-yellow. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long. widest before the base; sides strongly rounded,
hind angles broad. acute and much prolonged: surface covered with small.
rather remote granules arranged in transverse rews. Elytra as long as
but narrower than head and thorax, rather closely and irregularly asperate
or roughened with small granules. Length 1-1.2 mm.
Kosciusko. Marion and Putnam counties: frequent. April 17-
October 17. Taken by sifting leaves and sphagnum moss in damp
places.
939 (2942). TRICHOPTERYN McC@RENS Matthews. Cist. Ent. 11, 1s74, 20s.
Oblong, convex. Black, strongly shining: sparsely clothed with pale
hair; antenne and legs yellow. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest near
the middle. sides moderately rounded, hind angles rectangular; surface
smnooth, polished. Elytra about as Jong and wide as head and thorax.
very faintly and transversely eranulate or asperate: tips broad. the ex-
treme edge yellowish. Length .6—.7 mm.
Steuben and Putnam counties: scarce. May 25-October 17.
Taken by sifting damp debris. Differs from the preceding by its
smaller size. smoother surface and form of hind angles of thorax.
The range of the other species of Trichopteryr mentioned in the
key is given by Matthews as °° United States.”
VY Saicrvus Matthews. Is72. (Gr.. ‘‘small.’’)
Elongate-oblong species. having the antenna long and slender.
reaching nearly to middle of elytra. 11-jointed. the last three joints
forming an elongate. bead-like club; head large and broad; hind
cox rather distant and with wide plates. One species is known.
40 (2069). SmicrUs FILICORNIS Fairm., Faun. France. I. 1s54. 558.
Oblong. subparallel. Black, sparsely clothed with short yellow hairs:
antenne and tips of elytra pale; Jegs yellow. Thorax short. quadrate,
widest in front. feebly narrowed toward the base. hind angles acute: disk
closely covered with minute tubercles. Elytra as Jong and nearly as wide
as head and thorax. closely and minutely punctate: tips squarely truncate.
leaving one-third of abdomen exposed. Length 1.2 mm.
Marion County: rare. October 31. Taken by sifting.
Nephanes leviusculus Matth.. short, broad, convex. dark chest-
nut-brown. Iegs yellow. length .6 mm., may occur in southern
Indiana.
490 FAMILY XIII.—SCAPHIDIUD.
VI. Prmetia Mots. 1845. (Diminutive of Pinus.)
Very small, elongate or oblong forms having the head large and
prominent; eyes often wanting in male; antennx long and slender,
each joint ornamented with long hairs; thorax small, usually more
or less constricted at base; elytra short, truncate, leaving five or six
joints of the long abdomen exposed; hind cox widely separated.
One of the three species listed has been taken in the State.
941 (2970). PrINELLA QuERcUS Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col, I, 1863, 63.
Moderately elongate, narrow. Male pale yellow, female yale chestnut
brown; sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. Eyes of female rather large.
those of male wanting. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, widest
before the middle, constricted near base, hind angles acute, surface alu-
taceous. Elytra shorter and rather narrower than head and thorax to-
gether, widest toward the apex; surface remotely asperate or roughly
granulate. Length .5-.6 mm.
One specimen taken by Dury while sifting dead leaves near New
Albany, Floyd County. May 25. A southern form, described
from Georgia.
Family XIII. SCAPIIDID-E.
Tue Suining Funeaus BEErues.
Small, oval, convex, very shining beetles which live in fungi, in
rotten wood, dead leaves, or beneath the hark of logs. But little is
known regarding their life history. although some of them are very
common in every piece of woodland. When exposed by removing
their cover of bark or other material, they either remain quiescent
or move rapidly with an wneven, skipping gait. ‘he name of the
family is based upon that of the genus Scaphidiin, a name meaning
‘‘a little skiff or boat,’’ on account of the fancied resemblance in
form of the beetles to that of a boat, being thickest and arched in
the middle and narrowed toward cach end, the head small and the
abdomen more or less conival and pointed.
They have the mentum large, quadrate; palpi short, four-
jointed, the last joint conical; front of head contracted and pro-
longed into a short beak; antenne cither hair-like or slightly ela-
vate, inserted at the margin of the front; thorax closely applied to
the after body; prosternum not prolonged, the coxal cavities widely
open behind; elytra broadly truncate, not covering the tip of the
conical abdomen, which has six or seven visible ventral segments.
The front coxw are rather large, conical and contiguous; middle
THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 491
cox small, rounded and widely separated; hind ones oval or trans-
verse. also widely separated: tarsi 5-jointed. long and slender.
About 200 species of Scaphidiide are known, 41 of which have
been described from the United States. The principal literature
treating of the family is as follows:
Lc Conte.— "Synopsis of the Scaphidiide of the U. S..”? in Proe.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860, 321-324.
Casey.—‘‘Synopsis of the Scaphidiide,’’ in Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sei., VII, 1893. 510-533; Journ. N. Y. Entom. Svc.. VIII.
1900, 55-60.
Representatives of four of the seven genera comprising the
family have been taken in Indiana. while those of two others may
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SCAPHIDID-£.
a. Scutellum distinct; antennze with a broad, abrujt and somewhat flat-
tened 5-jointed club; elytral punctures in rows.
bo. Hind tibie not spinous; eyes emarginate; hind angles of thorax acute-
and somewhat prolonged backward. I. ScsaPHIDIUM.
ob. Hind tibis with rows of small s):ines; eyes entire; hind angles of
thorax not prolonged. CYPARIU M.
aa. Scutellum minute or wanting; antenne slender, without distinct club:
elytral punctures. when jireseut, scattered. ;
ec. Third antennal joint elongate and cylindrical; scutellum usually in-
visible. when present transverse.
d. Body oval: sutural stria of the elytra reaching the base; hind
coxe widely separated. II. B#ocera.
dd. Body narrowed, more wr less compressed; sutural stria not reach-
ing the base; hind coxe less separated. Ill. Toxic.
ec. Third antennal joint very short, wedge-shaped or triangular, nar-
rowed to the base: scutellum present. minute, triangular.
e. Length 1.5 or more mm.; hind coxal plates very short and their
curve developed only on the inner side. IV. ScaPHIsSoMA.
ee. Length less than 1 mm.; hind coxal plates semi-elliptic; antenne
shorter and stouter. ScaPHIOMICRUS.
I. Scapuipiceam Oliv. 1791. (Gr,. ‘“‘tub or boat — small.’’)
Here belong our most common members of the family, readily
distinguished by the larger size, emarginate eves and produced hind
angles of thorax. The male is known by having a large. depressed.
punctate and pubescent area on the middle part of the metasternum.
One species and two varieties have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCAPHIDIUM.
a. Elytra each with two to four short rows of large punctures.
b. Elytra each with two transverse. reddish spots which extend inward
two-thirds the width. 942. QUADRIGUTTATUM.
492 FAMILY XIII.—SCAPHIDIID A.
bb. Elytra black without spots. 942a. var. PICEUM,
ad, Blytra without coarse discal punctures, each usually with two marginal
spots of pale yellow. 7 942b. var. OBLITERATUM.
*949 (2975). ScAPHIDIUM QUADRIGUTTATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei., III, 1828, 198; ibid. IT, 126.
Oval, convex, glabrous. Black, strongly shining; elytra with spots as
mentioned in key. Thorax with a bisinuate row of coarse punctures near
the base. Elytra with a row of similar punctures on inner half of base
and two to four short rows before the middle and nearer the suture than
the sides. Length 3.84.5 mm.
Frequent throughout the State. February 23-November 8.
*Q42q (2975¢c). SCAPHIDIUM QUADRIGUTTATUM PICEUM
Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 103.
A color variety of quadriguttatum which is wholly
shining black above. It is found associated with that
species and in winter is even more frequent, being found
~ especially beneath the bark of old, fungus-covered beech
logs. (Fig. 174.)
Throughout the State. January 24-December 25.
Casey’s amplum, described from Indiana, is evi-
Fig. 174. X 6. (Original.) dently based on an immature piccum.,
942b (2975a). SCAPHIDIUM QUADRIGUTTATUM OLLITERATUM Lec., Proc. Phil.
Acad, Mat. Sei. JS60, 322.
The absence of coarse punctures on the disk of elytra and the small
size of the elytral spots are the only characters given by LeConte and Casey
to distinguish this form from quwadriguttatuin.
In my collection are several specimens taken in Vigo County,
which have the elytra wholly devoid of discal punctures and vet,
like picewm, are entirely black. JI have not seen the spotted form
from the State, but the type of LeConte came from near Evansville,
Indiana. In all probability Horn was right in regarding both
piceum and obliteratum as varieties, * Casey to the contrary not-
withstanding.* *
Cypariion flavipes Lec., chestnut-brown, legs and antenne paler,
length 3.5 mm., is a southern form which Dury records from Cin-
cinnati.
II. Baocera Erichs. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘small + horn.’’)
Small black or piceous species, having the third joint of an-
tenn slender and cylindrical, the outer three joints somewhat
*Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1875, 132.
*KJourn, N.Y. Ent, Sov., VIII, 1900, 55.
THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 493
enlarged. forming a loose, slender club: seutellum usually wanting
but when present broadly triangular. Thirteen nominal species
from the United States are recognized by Casey. Of these six are
known from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF B-EOCKERA,.
a. ScuteHwin not visible.
b. Larger species, not less than 2 mm. in length.
«, Sides of thorax feebly and evenly curved when viewed from the
side; basal marginal stria of elytra entire.
d. Third antennal joint very long. slender, subequal to fourth; ely-
tra sparsely but distinctly punctate. 943. CONCOLOR.
dd. Third joint much shorter and thicker; form less broadly oval;
elytra smooth. 944. CONGENER.
ce. Sides of thorax strongly bent downward behind the middle; basal
stria of elytra broadly interrupted; third antennal joint long and
slender. 945. DEFLEXA.
bb. Smaller species. never much exceeding 1.5 mm. in length; narrowly
oval; third antennal joint not longer than fourth.
e. Elytra not punctate.
f. Length 1.6 mm.; epimera of mesosternum extending two-thirds
to coxe. SPECULIFER.
7f. Length not over 1.3 min.; mesosternal epimera longer and nar-
rower. 946. APICALIS.
ec, Elytra sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate.
947. PUNCTIPENNIS.
aa. Scutellum visible, very minute and transverse; length less than 1.3 mm.
g. Hind angles of thorax normally acute; color reddish-brown to pic-
eous. 94S. PICEA.
gg. Hind angles of thorax obtusely truncate; color deep black. NANA.
948 (2978). B.£o0crera CONCOLOR Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801. 576.
Oblong-oval, broad, strongly convex. Black, high- fr alia
ly polished; Jegs, antennie and tips of elytra and ab- NS Pd
domen reddish-piceous. Thorax three-fourths wider « “
than long, apex one-third as wide as base. Scutellum
wanting. Elytra barely as long as wide, scarcely
twice as long as thorax, broadly truncate at apex;
sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 2.7mm. (Fig. |.
175.)
Throughout the State; frequent. March 25- Vi _
Sos 9 : i : 4
September 25. Occurs on fungi. Fig. 175. 10. (Original)
944 (9854). BasoceRA CONGENER Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893.
517.
Rather stout, oval. Black; legs and antennie pale reddish-brown. An-
tenn:e shorter than head and thorax. third joint much shorter than second,
three-fourths the length of fourth. Thorax and elytra much as in concolor,
from which it differs chiefly by its smaller size and antennal structure.
Length 2 mm.
494 FAMILY XU1.—-SCAPITIDIIDA:.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 17-July 29. Taken
by sifting rotten wood and vegetable debris; also on fungi.
945 (9855). BacoceRA DEFLEXA Casey, loc. cit., p. 517.
Stout, broadly oval. Black; antennze and under surface paler, rufo-
piceous. Antenne very slender, not quite as long as head and thorax, third
joint distinctly longer than second, scarcely as long as fourth. Elytra fully
as long as wide, twice as long as thorax; sutural and marginal strize deep,
the basal broadly interrupted. Length 2.5 mim.
Lake, Vigo and Putnam counties; frequent. February 16—-Sep-
tember 25. One of Casev’s types came from Indiana.
Beoccra speculifer, Casey, black, shining, legs, tips of elytra and
abdomen paler, was described from Iowa.
946 (2979). Basocera apicatis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860, 323.
Narrowly oval. Piceous-black or dark reddish-brown, polished, with-
out punctures cr hairs. Antenne short, not as long as head and thorax;
third and fourth joints subequal, the former not quite three times as long
as wide, slightly shorter than sixth. Thorax short, more than one-half
wider than long. Scutellum wholly obsolete. TElytra longer than wide,
rather more than twice as long as thorax, widest at basal third, their tips
obliquely truncate. Length 1.3 mm.
Kosciusko County; scarce. June 24. Taken in sifting damp
leaves in low moist ground.
947 (——). BacocERA PUNCTIPENNIS Sp. DOV.
Form and color of apicalis. FElytra pale at tips and distinctly but
sparsely and coarsely punctate; legs pale reddish-brown. Antennx piceous,
the basal joints paler, as long as head and thorax, the second, third and
fourth joints subequal. Thorax as in apicalis. Basal marginal line of ely- .
tra wholly wanting. Length 1.2 mm.
Wells, Marion, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May
12-November 28. Occurs on the large yellow fungus Clytocybe
illudens Schw.
948 (9859). B.acocrerRA PicEA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 520.
Rather broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; highly polished,
not punctate; legs, antenne and tip of abdomen rufous. Antenne shorter
than head and thorax; third joint two-thirds the length of fourth, four to
six slender, subequal; seventh and eighth longer and thicker. Thorax
three-fourths wider than long, apex less than one-half as wide as base.
Elytra as long as wide, twice as long as thorax, the basal marginal strie
broadly interrupted. Length 1.2 mm.
Kosciusko, Putnam, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce.
April 17-July 10. Taken by sifting leaves in low moist. places.
B. nana Casey, length 1 mm., is known from Rhode Island, Mich-
igan and Texas.
THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 495
TY. Toxipium Lee. 1860. (Gr.. ‘fa bow + small.’’)
Small black or brownish beetles having the body compressed and
narrowed behind the middle; scutellum absent; hind coxe narrowly
separated. One of the two species occurs in the State. ;
949 (298S). Toxmitum compresstm Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II,
1869, 251.
NS, Dark reddish-brown, highly polished ; an-
tenn. legs and tip of abdomen paler. An-
tenn slender, about as long as head and
thorax. Side margin of thorax prominent
and carinate in front, but rapidly deflexed
and pressed against the sides just behind
the middle; hind angles obtusely rounded.
Metasternum coarsely and deeply punc-
tured throughout. Length 1.4-1.7 mm. (Fig.
Fig. 176. x 15. (Original.) 176.) f
Throughout the State; frequent. March 17-No-
vember 14. Probably hibernates. Taken by sifting
in late autumn and early spring.
IV. Scapnisoma Leach. 1812. (Gr, a bowl +
body.’’) f
dienes decane nae 7
pecies resembling those of Beoccra, but having the ia 1a Beane.
third antennal joint short and narrowed on basal half, sma agaricinum. x
¥ ’ 7. A European spe-
and the scutellum always present but minute. (Fig. ce (After Sharp.)
177.) They are of small size and oceur beneath bark, in fungi, and
can also be taken by sifting in late autumn or early spring. The
following species have been taken or probably occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCAPHISOMA.
a. Metasternum strongly but sparsely punctate over most of its surface;
length 1.7 min. REPANDA.
aa. Metasternum almest smooth or only punctured over part of its area.
b. Larger species, never much under 2.3 mim. in length.
ec. Form elongate-oval; elytra finely. rather closely and uniformly
punctate; the punctures twice as numerous as in converd.
950. PUNCTULATA.
ce. Form broadly oval; elytra distinctly but less densely punctate:
metasternum between the middle and hind cox®# coarsely and
strongly punctate. 951. CONVEXA.
bb. Smaller species. seldom more than 1.7 mm. in Jength.
d. Elytra not paler at apex, except feebly and gradually from semi-
transparency.
ce. Elytra sparsely but strongly punctate; length 1.8 mm. .
952. SUTURALIS.
puz—23402]
496 FAMILY XIU.—-SCAPHIDIID.E.
ec. Elytra wholly smooth; length 1.2 min. 953, DISTUNCTA,
dd. Wlytva with a broad and rather distinctly defined pale apical mar-
gin; metasternmn strongly punctured at buse. 954, TERMINATA.
S. repanda Casey, black, shining, legs and antenne pale, is
known from Massachusetts and Towa.
950 (2982). SCAPITISOMA PUNCTULATA Lee., Pro. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1860,
323.
Hlongate-oyal, convex. Black, shining; antenie, legs and tip of abdo-
men reddish-brown. Anienne long and slender, reaching base of thorax.
Thorax two-thirds wider than long, very finely and indistinctly punctured.
Sutural striw of elytra deep. Basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next
three. Length 2-2.2 mim.
Vigo County; rare. May 2. <A species of southern range.
951 (2981). ScAPHISOMA CONVEXA Siy, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
1825, 182; ibid. IT, 2S.
Black or dark chestput-brown, shining; antennie, under surface and
tips of elytra paler. Thorax three-fifths wider than long, very finely punc-
tate. elytra three-fourths longer than thorax, the punctures fewer and
coarser than in punelulatu. Length 2.2-2.7 min.
Throughout the State; frequent. Mav 26-November 30. Oc-
curs on fungi on oak and other logs.
952 (2OS3). SCAPHISOMA SUTURALIS Lee., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860,
323.
Rather narrowly oval. Dark chestnut brown to black, highly polished.
Thorax three-fourths wider than long, one-half as long as elytra, very finely
punctate. Islytra a little longer than wide, strongly but remotely punctate,
the sutural stria deep. Length 1.7 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Monroc counties; frequent. March 20-
September 21. Sifted from dead leaves and debris of beech stumps.
953 (——). ScCAPIISOMA DISTINCTA sp. nov.
Elongate-ovil, subparallel, convex. Uniform dark chestnut-hrown, strong-
ly shining; antemme, legs and abdomen paler; surface both ahove and be-
neath wholly smooth. Antenne reaching base of thorax, seventh and
eighth joints but slightly wider than sixth; ninth and tenth distinctly
longer, obeonical; eleventh oblong. Thorax two-thirds wider than long.
Sutural stria very fine. Length 1.2 min.
Putnam, Posey and Dubcis counties; searee. April 21-May 11.
Taken by sifting.
M4 (2OS4). SCAPLUTSOMA TERMINATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, 11.
Is44, 102.
Oval, strongly convex. Black, highly polished, the tips of the elytra
‘nargined with yellowish; legs and antennae pale. Sixth antennal joint very
long, More than equal to the three preceding. ‘Thorax one-half the length
THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES. 497
of elytra, scarcely punctate. Elytra distinctly but sparsely punctate, the
punctures finest toward the base; sutural stria deep, a little curved. Length
1.8 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 1-September 20.
Scaphiomicrus flavescens Casey. pale brownish-yellow, length
.J9 mm., was described from Michigan.
Family NIV. PHALACRID-RF.
THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES.
To this family belong a small number of oval or rounded-oval,
convex, shining beetles, having the body very compact: antenne in-
serted under or at the sides of a slight frontal margin. 11-jointed.
the last three joints forming an oval club; thorax with
the side pieces not distinct; presternum prolonged, en-
tering the emarginate mesesternum behind, the coxal +
cavities open; metasternum large. produced in front;
scutellum large, triangular; elytra rounded at tip and
entirely covering the abdomen. which has five free
ventral segments. (Fig. 178.) The front coxw are
rather small and globular: middle cox transverse.
separated by the sternum; hind coxe contiguous. ,, ae a eerie
transverse and flat; tarsi 5-jointed. the fourth joint fo ee
usnally small and obscure.
From the Seaphidiide the members of this family may be known
by their broadly rounded instead of truncate elytra and hy the
smaller and less prominent front cox. Thev are less than 3 mm.
in length and live principally on flowers. the larve living in the
heads of flowers. especially those of Composite. The adults may
be taken in summer by beating or in autumn and spring by sifting.
Some species. however. occur only beneath bark. The name of the
family is based upon that of the oldest genus. Phalacrus, a word
meaning bald-headed and suggested probably by the rounded shin-
ing aspect of these beetles.
The principal literature relating to the family is as follows:
Te Conte-—‘Svuopsis of the Phalacride of the United States.’
in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIII, 1856. 15-17.
Casey.— Svnopsis of Phalaecride.’? in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci..
V, 1890, 89-144.
About 300 species of the family are known, 47 of which, dis-
tributed among ten genera, being listed from the United States.
498 FAMILY XIV.—PHAQLACRID &.
Of these nine species, belonging to five genera, have been taken in
Indiana, while one additional genus and two species may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PHALACRIDAS.
a. Antenne inserted under the sides of the front, their base entirely con-
cealed from above; scutellum large; front and hind tarsi of the same
length ; spurs of hind tibise very short. I. PHALACRUS,
aa. Antenne inserted at the sides of the front, their base visible from above ;
scutellum small or moderate; hind tarsi elongated. ‘
b. Basal joint of bind tarsi shorter than the second joint.
c. Apex of prosternal spine inflexed, without an acute and free edge;
elytra with one or two discal strisw, the suture beaded ; second
joint of hind tarsi of moderate length. II. OLrsRvus.
ce. Apex of the prosternal spine with an acute free edge, and bearing
a transverse row of spinules; elytra with a single discal stria,
the suture not beaded.
d. Second joint of hind tarsi elongated, very much longer than first
joint, spongy pubescent beneath in male; hind tibial spurs long,
very unequal. III. AcYLoMUs.
dd. Second joint of hind tarsi moderate, not more than twice as long
as first, finely pubescent beneath in both sexes; hind tibial
spurs small and inconspicuous. IV. EUstILevs.
bb. Basal joints of hind tarsi longer than second; elytra with two discal
strie.
e. Prosternal spine inflexed at apex and without terminal spinules;
basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than all the other joints
together. LitocHrvus.
ee. Prosternal spine not inflexed, the edge free and acute; basal joint
of hind tarsi subequal in length to the next two together.
V. OCHROLITUS.
I. PuHauacrus Payk. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘bald+head.’’)
Besides the characters above mentioned, the members of this
genus have a single discal stria on each elytron and the head is
marked with four or five minute fovee each side near the eye.
*955 (2993). PuanAcrus poutrrtus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I.
1844, 102.
Broadly oval. Black, moderately shining; legs and antenne paler. An-
tenne slender, the third joint equal in length to the two following united.
Thorax twice as wide at base as-apex, feebly reticulate in wavy lines, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not narrowed toward tips, which are
very broadly and evenly rounded; sutural stria complete, very fine; discal
stria fine, distinct; disk with rows of fine, feeble punctures. Metasternal
process wide, rounded at apex and projecting far in advance of middle
cox; prosternal process nearly one-half as wide as metasternal, Length
1.8-2.2 mm,
THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES. 499
Common throughout the State; hibernates. January 7—October
6. Frequent on leaves of skunk cabbage, sedges, Peltandra, ete., in
moist places in early spring.
956 (2994). PHatacrus pumiLio Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII,
1856, 16.
Resembles politus but smaller and more narrowly oval. Third joint of
antenne notably shorter than fourth and fifth together. Prosternal process
much narrower, not over one-third as wide as the metasternal. Elytral
punctures more distant and less distinct. Length 1.4 mm.
Lake, Fountain and Lawrence counties; searce. May 17-
July 1.
II. Ourprus Erichs. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘slippery.’’)
The mode of antennal insertion and the size of scutellum distin-
guish this genus from Phalacrus. In our two species the elytra are
of one color and have two discal strie on each, one near the suture
extending to basal third and joining the suture at apex, the second
closely parallel and a little shorter.
957 (3000). OLIBRUS SEMISTRIATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIII,
1856, 16.
Oblong-ovate, strongly convex. Above dark chestnut-brown, highly pol-
ished; beneath pale reddish-yellow, antenne and legs of the same hue.
Thorax very sparsely and feebly punctate. Elytra with two diseal strize
near the suture and with feebly impressed lines along the very fine rows of
punctures. Length 1.8-2.2 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. March 27-October 1. Occurs on flowers of Fupatorium and
Solidago (thoroughwort and goldenrod). Taken in spring by sift-
ing.
958 (8002). OLIBRUS PALLIPES Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, 1825,
90; ibid. II, 230.
Elliptical, very convex, highly polished. Above dark piceous-brown, the
head and thorax a little darker than elytra; antennee and under parts pale
brownish-yellow. Thorax with minute obsolete punctures on each side.
Elytra with discal strie and rows of fine punctures as in semistriatus but
without the accompanying impressed lines along the row of punctures.
Length 2.5-2.8 nm.
Lake and Knox counties; scarce. July 30-August 31. Longer
and more narrowly oval than the preceding.
’
III. Acytomus Sharp. 1888. (Gr., ‘fan acorn.’’)
Small oval, more or less convex beetles, having the second joint
of hind tarsi very much elongate and in the male spongy pubescent,
as in the males of the genus Anisodactylus of the family Carabidae.
D000 FAMILY XIV.—PHALACRID,
959 (9881). AcyLomuUs ERGOTI Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V. 1890, 119.
Strongly convex, almost evenly elliptical, not at all narrowed behind the
middle. Above black or dark chestnut-brown, strongly shining; beneath
pale brownish-yellow. Elytra with one discal stria, this obsolete on basal
third, and with rows of punctures which, near the suture, are very minute
and feeble, slightly larger on the sides. Hind tarsi three-fourths as long
as tibice, the second joint between three and four times as long as the basal
one. Length 1.S-2.2 mm.
Frequent throughout the State. April 26-October 1. Occurs
on leaves of skunk cabbage in early spring.
960 (9882). AcYLOoMUS PIcEUS Casey, loc. cit., p. 120.
Broadly oval, distinctly narrowed behind the base of elytra. Piceous-
brown, shining. Otherwise as in ergoti. Length 1.8 mm.
Posey and Martin counties; rare. Mav 16-June 6.
IV. Eustivsus Sharp. 1888. (Gr., ‘‘good +shine.’’)
Small oval, convex species differing from those of allied genera
by the characters given in generic kev. Two species have been
taken in the State, while a third inay occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUSTILBUS.
a. Spinules at apex of prosternal spine long and conspicuous; elytra either
entirely pale or distinctly paler at apex.
b. Elytra highly polished, not reticulate, abruptly and distinctly paler at
apex. 961. APICALIS.
bb. Hlytra finely reticulate and pale throughout. 962. NITIDUS,
ad, Spinules at apex of prosternal process short; body narrowed behind
from base of elytra; color dark reddish-yellow throughout.
ATTENUATUS.
961 (3005). Eusrrtpus apicatis Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., I],
1S44, 102.
Oval, strongly convex, very feebly narrowed be-
hind the middle. Above piceous or dark chestnut
brown, highly polished; apical fourth of elytra rather
abruptly pale brownish-yellow; beneath reddish-
brown; legs and antennw paler. Elytra distinctly
longer than wide, the diseal stria very deep, strongly
impressed, uniting with the suture near apex: the
S . rows of punctures very fine, scarcely visible. Length
Fig. 179. (Original.) 2-2.3 im. (ig. 179.)
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. March 9—De-
cember 7, Taken by sifting in carly spring and by sweeping
goldenrod and other herbage in summer. Listed by Henshaw as
Olibrus consimilis, a Evropean species, but sinee shown to be dis-
tinct.
THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES. 501
962 (3007). Eusrizpus Nitipus Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. II,
IS44. Tor.
Oval, strongly convex, distinctly uarrowed behind the middle. Vale
reddish-yellow throughout, very shining. Klytra narrowly rounded at apex.
the discal] stria less impressed and not uniting with suture at apex; wholly
without rews of punctures. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Taken by sifting in early
spring. so that it probably hibernates. Mareh 5—July 6.
FE. attenuatus Casey, 1.6 mm. in length. was described from New
York, Michigan and Texas.
Eitochrus immacidatus Casey, piceous, the suture paler, length
1.5 mm., is a southern form which may oceur in the Ohio River
counties.
VO Ocurouirts Sharp. 1889. (Gr.. ‘‘pale vellow + shine.’’)
A single species represents this genus in the State.
963° (3001). OcrtRrorirus RUBENS Lee... Proc. Phil. Aend. Nat. Sci. VII.
1S5G, 16.
Rather broadly oval, strongly convex. Vale reddish-yellow through-
out, highly polished. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as long.
very smooth, Discal strise of elytra well impressed. obsolete on hiasal fifth.
the second uniting with the first near the apex. Length 1.8 mm.
Kosciusko. Marion and Posey counties: searee. June 21-De-
cember 7.
Family XV. CORYULOPHID.E.
THE FRINGE-WINGED FUNGtUs BEETLES.
Here belong a number of minute oval or rounded beetles. which
eecur wnder damp bark or in decaving fungi and other vegetable
matter. At times they fly about in large niwmbers by twilight.
Thev have the antennx 9- to 11-jointed. ending in a loose club and
inserted on the front: palpi short and four-jointed ; mandibles small.
with comb-like teeth on the inner margin; front cox globose. prom-
inent. contiguous or nearly so; middle cox also globose and sepa-
rated by the mesosternum; hind coxe transverse. widely distant:
tarsi 4-jointed. the third joint small. concealed in a notch of the
second joint ; ventral] segments six: scutellum distinet, though small:
wings wide. fringed with long hairs which. however. are shorter
than in the family Trichopterygide. In many species the body is
clothed with a grayish pubescence.
502 FAMILY XV.-—CORYLOPHID.%.
The members of this family have been by most authors consid-
ered as belonging to a subdivision of the Coccinellide, but the form
of the mandibles and the structure of the tarsi are sufficient to
separate them. Moreover, they differ widely in food-habits. How-
ever, they are related closely in structure not only to the Coccinel-
lidx but also to the Silphidw, so that they are assigned a place be-
tween those two families.
The principal literature treating of the family is as follows:
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Corylophi,’’ iz Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., VI, 1852, 141-145.
Casey. —‘‘Synopsis of the Corylophide,’’ in Journ. N, Y. Ent.
Soe., VIII, 1900, 60-75.
About 200 species of the
family are known. Casey
in his Synopsis lists 54 spe-
sa oR es & 9 cies, divided among ten
‘i genera, from the United
Fig. 180. Antenne of Corylophide. (After Casey.) States. Of these eight spe-
cies, belonging to five genera, have been taken in Indiana, while a
number of others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CORYLOPHID.®.
uw. Antenne 10- or 11-jointed; thorax hood-like. completely concealing the
head.
b. Body rounded, convex, glabrous; front coxze long and narrow, en-
closed within deep cavities; antennye 11-jointed, the third joint
elongate but shorter than the second. ;
ec. Head very deeply inserted within the thorax, the front margin of
which is evenly rounded and strongly descending; post coxal
plates large with rounded cutline; labrum rounded and sub-
quadrate. I. CoryLOPHODES.
ec. Head less concealed by the overhanging margin of the thorax, but
not visible from above; post coxal plates very short; labrum
small, triangular, its apex. acuminate; tarsi short, dilated; hind
angles of thorax acute, feebly prolonged. II. GRonevts,
bb. Body oblong or oval and pubescent; front coxze oblong or globular.
d, Hind angles of thorax distinctly prolonged backwards and acute:
antenne 10-jointed (Fig. 180, No. 3); front cox:e short, oblong.
III. SERICODERUS.
dd. Hind angles of thorax not prolonged backwards, rectangular ; front
coxe larger, less deeply imbedded; globular.
e. Antenme 11-jointed; prosternum well developed in front of cox.
f. Body elongate, subdepressed, the sides subparallel; basal joint
of hind tarsi short, scarcely as long as the next two com-
bined. SacruM.
=
THE FPRINGE-WINGED FUNGUS BEETLES. 503
Tf. Body oval with the sides more curved; basal joint of hind
tarsi much longer than the next two combined.
IV. MobLamMBa.
ec, Antenna 10-jointed, the elongate third joint followed by four
small subequal ones (Fig. 180, No. 9); prosternum very short
in front of cox: body oval or oblong-oval, more convex.
ARTHROLIPS.
aa. Antenne 9-jointed (Fig. 180. No. 4); thorax emarginate in front, the
head in great part exposed; body very minute. V. ORTHOPERUS.
T. CoryLopHopes Matthews. 1885. (Gr.. ‘‘helmet + crest.’’)
Small rounded species having the hind angles of thorax slightly
prolonged; front tarsi feebly dilated in males; antennx as in Fig.
180, No. 1, except that the third joint is shorter than second.
964 (8023). CoRYLOPHODES MARGINICOLLIS Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
NI, USar: 148;
Rounded, strongly convex. Blackish-piceous. shining: legs and antenne
paler. Thorax semicircular. the margin broadly transparent, and there-
fore appearing yellowish; base obtusely angulated at middle. Elytra with
sparse, deeply impressed punctures. Length .9 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 17-October 17. On
leaves or fungi in summer. Taken by sifting in spring and fall.
II. Groneves Casey. 1900.
To this genus. as defined in kev, Casey ascribed five species.
The antenne are shown in Fig. 1s. No. 2. One has been taken in
the State. while two others may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GRONEVUS.
a. Elytral punctures strong, especially on the sides; blackish. thorax
paler. its margins transparent: length .§ mm. STICTICTS.
aa, Elytral punctures minute and indistinct.
b. Antennal club blackish; body black, thorax piceous, with narrow
transparent margins: length .9 mm. FUSCICORNIS.
bb. Antennal club pale; body dark reddish-yellow, thorax still paler:
Jength 1 mm. 965. HESPERUS.
(, xtieticus Casey was described from Iowa and G. fuscicornis
Casey, from Ottawa, Canada.
5 (——). GRONEVUS HESPERTS Casey. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Svee.. VIII.
1900, 64.
Blongate-eval, convex. Reddish-yellow tinged with piceous, shining.
Elytra more than twice as long as thorax, its punctures very fine, almost
effaced behind the middle. Length 1 mm.
Monroe County; rare. June 9. Sifted from debris of beech
stump. Known heretofore from Iowa and Nebraska.
504 FAMILY XV.—CORYLOPHID/.
III. Sericoprrus Steph. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘silken + skin.’’)
Small oblong or ovate pubescent species having the antennal
club 3-jointed (Fig. 180, No. 3); elytra narrowed behind, their tips
truncate; tarsi slender in both sexes. One species has been taken
in the State, while two others mav occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SERICODERUS.
a. Elytra more strongly narrowed from base to apex.
b. Color pale dull yellow; thorax with a fuscous spot at apex; length
.9-1 min. FLAVIDUS.
bb. Elytra piceous, yellow at tips; thorax dull yellow, the subapical spot
darker; Jength .§ mm. 966. OBSCURUS.
aa. Elytra feebly narrowed, the form more quadrate; color pale dull yel-
low; length .S mm. ; SUBTILIS.
SN. flavidus Lee.. was described from New York and Lake Su-
perior and probably occurs in the northern counties. S. subdilts
Lee. is known from southern Illinois and Florida.
966 (8026). Sertconerus opscturus Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 143.
Oblong, quadrate. Thorax broadly rounded in front, dull yellow with
a piceous spot at apex. Elytra finely and rather densely punctate, dark
reddish-brown or piceous, the truncated apex yellowish. Length .\ mm.
Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; searee, Mareh 5-May 2.
Saco lugubre Lee., thorax as long as wide, elytral punctures
and pubescence sparse, color piceous, length 1.7 mm., and N. obscu-
rium Lee., thorax wider than long, elytral punctures and pubescence
dense, color piccous-brown, length 1.6 mm., both have a range which
may include Indiana. The antenna of Sacium is shown in Fig.
180, No. 8.
IV Monamra Casey. 1900.
Small oval species having the antenne rather short with a stout,
compact club, the seventh joint enlarged, the fifth normal. (Fig.
180, No. 6.) They were mostly formerly classed under Saciwm.
Three have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MOLAMBA.
a, Elytra each with a transverse yellow spot or band just behind the mid-
dle.
b. Yellow markings of elytra an entire crossbar located behind the
middle; pubescence coarse, distinet. OGOT, FASCIATA,
bb. Yellow markings of elytra a subquadrate spot located very little he-
hind the middle. 968. ORNATA.
THE FRINGE-WINGED FUNGUS BEETLES. a05
wa. Elytra each with a small yellow spot, much behind the middle; pubes-
cence fine, less distinct. O69, LVSaATA.
967 (3015). MorasBa FascIaTa Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V. 1826.
259; ibid. II, 320.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Piceous; antenne and legs yellowish:
thorax reddish-yellow with a dark spot in front of middle; elytra with a
crossbar behind the middle. the tips edged with dull yellow. ‘Thorax heoad-
like, sides regularly curved, apex rounded: disk, ax well as that of elytra,
densely and tinely punetate. Length 1.4-1.7 mm.
Kosciusko and Perry counties: rare. May 20—June 20. Taken
from beneath bark of jovust. also by sitting the debris of beech
stumps.
96S (——). MOoLaMBA ORNATA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soe., VIII, 1900. 71.
Resembles fasciata but having the pale crossbar of
elytra reduced to a quadrate spot and located a little
flearer the middle. Males narrower than females and
with the elytra shortened, exposing two segments of the
abdomen. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. (Fig. 181.)
Kosciusko, Putnam. Orange and Posey counties;
oe Fig. 181. 174.
searce. April 24-June 22. Probably only a va- (Original.)
riety of fasciata. Taken by sifting.
969 (3017). MoLtamBa LUNATA Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI, 1852.
14H.
Resembles fasciata but smaller and broader. Thorax mostly black
with narrow dull yellow murgins and apex. Elytra with a small lunate
yellow spot on apical third; their tips broadly rounded and margined with
yellow, which extends a short distance along the sides: surface finely and
densely punctate. Length 1-1.3 mm.
Marion and Perry counties; rare. April 7—May 20.
Arthrolips decolor Lec.. pale dull vellow. elytra minutels reticeu-
late, length .§ mm.. and A. miscllus Lee., blackish. thorax paler,
elytra highly polished and distinctly punctate. length 1 mm., both
have a range which may include Indiana. For shape of antenna of
Arthrolips see Fig. 15. No. 9.
V. OrTHOPERUS Steph. 1829. (Gr.. ‘‘straight + pouch.’’)
The members of this genus are among the smallest of Coleoptera,
and may be recognized by their oval. moderately convex form. ex-
posed head and ‘i-jointed antennw. (Fig. 180. No. 4.) Two species
have been taken in Indiana, while a third mav occur.
506 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLID..
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ORTHOPERUS.
a. Elytra not punctate, but marked with small V-shaped scratches; length
.7 min. SCUTELLARIS,
aa. Blytra distinctly but finely and sparsely punctate; length not over
.6 mm.
6. Form oblong-oval; length .6 mm. 970. GLABER.
bb. Form evenly oval, the sides more curved; length .5 mm.
971. MICROS.
O. scutellaris Lec., black, legs and antenn paler, is known from
Ohio and northern Illinois.
970 (3029). OrrHorrrts GLABER Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852,
142.
Oblong-oval. Piceous-black, glabrous, shining. Thorax twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, emarginate at apex, hind angles rectangular.
Elytra very sparsely and obsoletely punctured. Length .6 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. March 20-November 8.
Taken by sifting.
971 (——). ORTHOPERUS MICROS Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900, 66.
Rounded-oval. Piceous-black, glabrous, shining. Reticulations of sur-
face distinct beneath the lens. Eyes separated on the front by but little
more than twice their own width. Length .5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 19-Tuly 4.
Family XVI. COCCINELLID.®.
THe Lapy Bues. THe Puanr-Louse BEETLES.
This family comprises a moderate number of rounded or hemi-
spherical, rarely oblong, convex beetles, the larger members of
which are well known under the common name first mentioned. In
color they are generally red or yellow, with black spots, or black
with white, red or yellow spots. The name Coccinella is derived
from the Coceus, whieh produces the cochineal dyes so extensively
used before the aniline dyes were discovered, and
i r. was suggested by the prevalence of red in the
pokks coloration of many of these insects. In most
f “.% cases the surface is glabrous, but in some of the
\{ srualler forms it is plainly pubescent.
3 Stes The most distinctive characters of the family
Sy are the three-jointed tarsi and the broad, hatchet-
shaped terminal joint of the maxillary palpi.
(Fig. 182.) In addition they have the antenne
11-jointed, terminating in a more or less distinct
8-jointed club and inserted at the inner front margin of the eyes;
head deeply immersed in the thorax, which is transverse, rather
Fig. 182. Coccinella. 1, An-
tenna; 2, maxillary palpus; 3,
tarsus. (After Westwood.)
THE LADY BEETLES. 507
small, and strongly emarginate in front; elytra convex, not truncate
at tip; front coxw transverse. separate, the coxal cavities closed be-
hind, except in Coccidula; middle cox rounded; hind coxe trans-
verse, widely separated; abdomen with five free ventral segments,
the dorsal portions of whieh are partially membranous; tarsi 3-
jointed, the second joint dilated and spongy beneath.
Taking into consideration the foregoing characters, LeBaron has
well said that: ‘‘In a systematic paint of view the Coccinellide
oecupy a remarkably anomalous and isolated position. Whilst hav-
ing the rounded form of the plant beetles, the clavate antenne of
the scavengers, and the dilated palpi of the fungus beetles, they
agree in food and habits with none of these, but resemble, in their
predaceous habits, the ground beetles and the soft winged carnivora,
all of which have their bodies more or less elongated, their tarsi 5-
jointed, their antenna filiform, and their palpi slender or but mod-
erately dilated.’’
The Coccinellide are among the most beneficial of insects, being,
with very few exceptions, predaceous in both the larval and adult
stages. They seem to be especially adapted to keeping in check the
extensive families of plant lice, both the leaf-lice (aphids) and the
bark-lice (coccids) upon which they feed voraciously. It is not un-
common to find in an orchard branches of trees thickly covered with
the scales of bark-lice, almost every one of which has been torn open
and its occupant devoured by these lady-beetles. They are also
known to feed upon the eggs of many forms of larger insects, upon
chinch bugs and upon spores of the lower eryptogams and pollen
grains. After examining the stomach content of 39 specimens, Dr.
S. A. Forbes states that ‘‘the function of the beetles of this family
of limiting the multiplication of plant-lee is expressed by the fact
that these insects compose a fourth of the food of this entire collec-
tion. The pollen of grasses and Composite make 14 per cent., the
spores of lichens four per cent., aud those of fungi 45 per cent., or
nearly half the whole.’’? Chinch bugs made up 10 per cent. of
the entire food eaten by members of the genus Aippodamia, taken
in a cornfield where such bugs were abundant.*
The larvee of the Coccinellida are oblong, blackish
grubs, and are usually beset with spines, which are in
turn armed with smaller spines or prickles, giving
them, when magnified, a formidable appearance.
(Fig. 183.) In many cases the larve are spotted or 5, 43
banded in reds, black and yellows. They bear some- (tfter Forbes.)
*“The Food Relations of the Carabide and Coccinellide” in Bull. No. 6, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., 1883,
508 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLID A‘
what a resemblance to a minute alligator in shape, and are known
under that name by children in some parts of the country. As
is the case with other grubs, they are much more voracious than
the perfect beetles. When full grown the larva suspends itself
by the hinder end to some convenient leaf or branch and either
pushes the Jarval skin upwards, where it remains in a little wad
about the tail, or remains within it until ready to emerge, when it
bursts the skin open along the back and emerges a perfect beetle.
The principal literature treating of the North American mem-
bers of the family is as follows:
LeConte-—‘‘Remarks upon the Coccinellide of the United
States,’’ in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Scei., VI, 1852, 129-141.
Crotch—‘‘ Revision of the Coccinellide of the United States,”
inv Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, 363-382.
LeConte—‘‘Short Studies of North American Coleoptera (Hy-
peraspis),’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 186-188.
Horn.— ‘Studies in Coecinellide,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XXII, 1895, 81-114.
Casey.—‘‘ A Revision of the American Coccinellide,’’ in Journ.
N. Y. Entom. Soc., VII, 1899, 71-163.
Leng.—‘ Notes on Coccinellide,’’ in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., XI,
1903, 85-45, 193-213; XVI. 1908, 33-44.
About 150 members of the family are listed hy Henshaw as be-
longing to the North American fauna. To these Casey added in
his Synopsis 179 new names, a number of which are evidently based
on geographie races or varieties, while many of them will doubtless
prove good species, Altogether it is probable that about 250 known
species oecur in this country.
For convenience the family, as represented in the State, is first.
divided into eight tribes by the following table. modified from that
used by Maj. Casey:
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF COCCINELT 1D.&.
a. Middle coxw narrowly separated: body elongate-oval, glabrous; legs
long, free, the femora extending beyond the sides of the body: abdo-
men with sixth segment visible in both sexes; head not deeply in-
serted, the thorax strongly sinuate but not covering the eyes.
Tribe I. Hrpropamitnt, p. 508.
aa. Middle cox widely separated; legs shorter, the femora generally not
extending beyond the sides of the body; head deeply inserted, the
thorax covering a large portion of the eyes.
b. Front coxal cavities closed behind; eyes finely faceted.
THE LADY BEETLES. 509
c. Body lousely jointed, generally rounded in form; epipleura wide.
concave. strongly descending externally.
d. Frontal plate narrowed from the base, not covering the base of
antennee.
«. Upper surface of body glabrous.
Tribe II. CoccINELiint. p. 512.
cc. Upper surface of body pubescent: antenne long, with loosely
articulate club; thorax deeply emarginate at apex; mandi-
bles bifid at tip and denticulate within.
Tribe VII. EpiLacHNINI. p. 532.
dd. Frontal plate broadly dilated. concealing the base of antennie
and subdividing the eyes: upper surface glabrous: body
rounded. very convex: legs free or feebly retractile.
Tribe IIT. Cuttocotini pi Add.
ce, Body compact. generally oval in form: epipleura qiarriw. seuer-
ally horizontal, flat or feebly concave.
f. Abdomen composed of only five segments, the fifth trianeular and
longer than the three preceding combined: eves entire; base
of antennie exposed : size minute. Tribe IV. (ixerss, p. o18.
ff. Abdomen with the sixth segment well developed, the fifth shorter.
g. Body glabrous. Tribe V. Hyreraspinn p. oii.
gg. Body pubescent. Tribe VI. ScyMNINI, p. 524.
bb. Front coxal cavities open behind; eyes coarsely faceted; lbudy ob-
long-oval, pubescent: abdomen with six segments: antennie long.
the club loose: length less than 3.5 mm.
Tribe VIII, CoccipuLini, p. 953.
Tribe I. HIPVODAMIINI.
The members of this tribe are
easily recognized from those ( any
b [oe We (G
which follow by having the an-
tenne very short; body more —
elongate and loosely formed; up- Fig 84 Tarsal claws of Coccinellide. (After Leng.)
per surface glabrous; legs longer and less retractile. The tribe is
represented in the State by three genera.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HIPPODAMIINI.
a. Tarsal claws simple (Fig. 184. f) : body oval; hind angles of thorax ob-
tuse but not rounded; length less than 3.5 mim. I. ANISOSTICTA.
aa. Tarsal claws either with a large tooth at base or bifid; length 4.5 mm.
or more.
b. Claws with a Jarge quadrate lasal teoth (Fig. 1M. ec); thorax with a
miurrow but distinet margin alone the hase. TT. MbcIiva.
bb. Claws bifid. the two Jobes unequal in lenzth and acutely pointed
(Fig. 184. 7); thorax not margincd at base. III. Hrpropamta.
510 FAMILY XVI.—-COCCINELLID AS.
I. Anzsosticra Dupenchel. 1842. (Gr., ‘unequal + spot.’’)
One of the three recognized North American species occurs in
the State.
972 (3033). ANISOSTICYA STRIGATA Thunb., Ins. Suec., IX, 1794, 113.
Ovate, somewhat elongate.
Head yellow, black at base;
thorax and elytra yellow, fine-
ly punctate, the former with
| two obtriangular black spots,
4 the outer front corner of each
of these often isolated as a
Fig. 185. a, Anisosticta striqata; b, var. of same; c, Hippodamia dot; elytra with a common bi-
glacialis; d, Anatis 15-punctala; e, same var. mali. (After Leng.) lobed spot on éhe -scuteltan res
gion and usually eight others on each, black; some of these often more or
less united to form fewer and larger spots. Beneath black; legs, antenne,
sides of abdomen and last ventral segment yellow. Length 33mm. (Fig.
185, a@ and 0B.)
Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan near Pine and
Millers, Lake County; searee. March 26-June 29. A species of
northern range.
II. Meremua Muls. 1851. (A mythological name.)
In this genus the thorax is subquadrate with the base sinuate,
rounded and finely but distinctly margined. One species occurs in
the State.
*973 (3036). MEGILLA MACULATA DeGeer, Mem. V, 1775, 392.
Oval, subconvex. Head black with a
triangular red spot on front; thorax
and elytra reddish, the former with an
obtriangular black spot on each side of
median line; elytra with two black
spots on suture and four (the second
the largest) arranged longitudinally
near the outer edge of each. Beneath
black, the prosternum and a row of tri-
angular spots on each side of abdomen,
reddish. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig. 186.)
Throughout the State; common.
January 12-November 5. Gregari-
ous in winter. During Oetober it
congregates beneath rubbish and Fig. 186. x 6. (After Forbes.)
logs, mullein leaves, ete. On several occasions I have found them
in midwinter by thousands, huddled together beneath piles of the
THE LADY BEETLES. yee
stems of the larger ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) in the low bottom
lands of the Wabash River.
III. Hipropamia Muls. 1846. (A mythological name.)
Thorax subtransverse. not margined at base; claws bifid; hind
tibial spurs distinct. Casey (loc. cit.) lists 27 species of the genus
from the United States, while Leng, in a later paper (loc. cit.), re-
duced these to ten. the others being regarded as either geographical
races or synonyms. Of these four and one variety are known from
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HIPPODAMIA.
a. Thorax Dlack with broad pale lateral margins within cach of which is
a black dot: tibire and tarsi pale. O74. 13-PUNCTATA.
da. Thorax with a narrower white lateral margin, without distinct dot, but
usually intruded upon by a more or less pronounced angulation of
the central black area; legs black throughout.
b. Black disk of thorax nearly divided by a white quadrate spot at the
middle of base, and an elongate triangular spot at apex.
975. PARENTHESIS.
bb. Black disk of thorax without white spot at base and apex. but with
two discal divergent white dashes.
ec. Front half of elytra without markings or with only a humeral
black dot. 976. GLACIALIS.
ec. Elytra each with six small spots, three of which are on the front
half.
d. Spots of elytra all small and widely separated.
977. CONVERGENS.
dd. Spots much larger, the front one near suture apparently double.
QO77a. VAR. 15-MACULATA.
*974 (3050). Hrprpopamia 15-pUNcTata Linn., Syst. Nat.. X. 1765, 336.
Oblong-oval. Head black at base: thorax described in
key and without discal divergent bars: elytra each with six
rounded black spots and a small common scutellar spot. ‘i
Readily known by the pale tibiz and tarsi and the mark-
ings of the thorax. Length 4.5-5.2 mm. (Fig. 187.)
Frequent throughout the northern half of State: (afte Riley.)
less so southward. February 23-December 25. In one specimen
from Laporte County the black area cmbraces nearly the entire
upper surface of thorax and the spots of elytra are nearly double
the usual size.
*9075 (3051). HIPPODAMIA PARENTHESIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
IV, 1824. 93; ibid. II, 232.
Oblong-oval. Head black at base and apex; thorax described in key:
elytra reddish-yellow, with a large triangular common scutellar spot, a
round spot on humerus. and a strongly curved subapical Iunule on each.
black. Length +5 mm.
[3323402]
512 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLID 2.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 1-December 18. The
black subapical lunule varies much in size and form, being some-
times a large irregular blotch.
976 (3044). TlrppopaMIa CLACIALIS TFabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, S0.
Oblong-oval. Head black with a triangular yellow spot on center; tho-
rax with the pale side margins wider in front and behind, the angular ex-
tension of the black area well marked, the discal dashes distinct; elytra
reddish with an oblique band behind the middle, and a large subapical spot,
black; rarely also a small black dot on the humerus. Beneath black, the
ventral segments with a triangular reddish spot on each side. Length 6-
7.6mm. (Fig. 185, ¢.)
Throughout the State; scarce. Mareh 28—-November 9. Prob-
ably hibernates. Several specimens were taken beneath rubbish on
the beach of Lake Michigan in May.
*O77 (8046). HIPPODAMIA CONVERGENS Guer., Icon. du Reg., An., 1846, 321.
Oblong-oval. Head black, the pale spot on
center transverse, reaching the eves; thorax
with a narrow. nearly uniform pale border and
two distinct discal bars; elytra reddish with a
common scutellar spot, and six small spots
(sometimes partly or wholly obsolete), on each,
black. Beneath uniform black. Length 4.8-
G min. (Jig. 188.)
f Throughout the State; common. April
Fig. 188. (After Chittenden.) = J4—Derember 20. Hibernates in company
with 13-punctata and parenthesis, beneath chunks and mullein
leaves along the borders of cultivated fields.
N77Ta (3045). TIIPPODAMIA CONVERGENS 15-MACULATA Muls., Spee., 1851, 20.
A variety of the preceding, distinguished hy having all the spots of ely-
tra enlarged and partly coalesceit, and the black disk of thorax with a dis-
tinct angulation on the side as in glacialis. Length 6.5 mm.
Laporte County; rare. August 26. Known heretofore only
from Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas,
Tribe Il, COCCINELLINTI.
The members of this tribe have the front coxal cavities closed ;
middle coxe widely separated: base of antenne exposed ; body
loosely artiewlated. not very contractile; form usually rounded,
sometimes oblong. and the surface never pubescent. It ineludes
those lady-bugs most commonly met with, as the two-spotted lady-
bug, Adalia bipunctata, often found in houses, and the nine-spotted
TUE LADY BEETLES. 513
lady-bug, Caceinella 9-notata, common in gardens. Most of the
speeies resemble these common forms in size and shape. being
rounded and convex. The tribe. as divided by Casey. comprises
ten North American genera. In order to avoid the division into so
many groups I have followed Leng by including the single genus
Psyllobora of the tribe Psyloborini and combining certain genera
with Coccinella. This gives in our fauna representatives of five
genera.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COCCINELLINI.
a. Body larger, 4-7.5 mm.: antenn® shorter with last joint truncate.
b. Antenne only slightly longer than head; epipleura not extending to
the sutural tip.
ce. Body usually rounded, strongly convex; elytra reddish, without
Spots or with more than two black spots on each; tarsal claws
with a large subquadrate tooth at base. (Fig. 154. ¢.)
IV. CocciNELLa.
cc. Body oval, less convex; elytra reddish with one or two black spots
on each; tarsal claws as in Fig. 184. b. Vv. ADALIA.
bb. Antenne longer. extending at least to middle of thorax; epipleura
entire.
d. Tarsal claws bifid (Fig. 144. @) 3; prosternal process compressed in
front; elytra without spots. VI. NEOMYSTIA.
dd. Tarsal claws as in Coccinella; prosternal process broad, strongly
convex in a transverse direction and prominent at apex; elytra
with numerous spots. VIL ASATiS:
aa. Body small, 2-2.5 mm.: antenne slender with last joint elongate.
VIII. PsyLiopora.
<
IV. Coccrnetta Linn. 1758. (Gr... ‘‘scarlet + insect.’’)
Rounded, very convex forms having the front margin of the tho-
rax more or less emarginate. They vary considerably in the black
markings of thorax and elytra. and among them are some of the
most common and hest known of the ‘‘lady-bugs."’ The genus, as
usually defined, was divided by Casey into four. viz... Coccinella.
Neoharmonia, Cycloncda and Olla, and to them he ascribed 27
species. Leng reunited the four and reduced the number of species
to12. Of these the following are known from the State:
KLY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COCCINELLA.
a. Thorax black with narrow apical margin and a large subquadrate spot
at each apical angle, pale.
b. Elytra tozether normally with nine spots, without trace of sub-basal
crossbar. OTS. Q-NOTATA.
bb. Elytra with three black crosshars. the one near base common. the
others interrupted at suture. 979. TRIFASCIATA.
514 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLIDZ.
aa. Thorax black, variegated with pale markings, or red or yellow with
black spots.
c. Body somewhat depressed; thorax red with four distinct black
spots, the two hind ones oblique, elongate. 980. VENUSTA.
ce. Body strongly convex.
d. Blytra reddish without spots; mesosternum truncate in front.
/ 981. SANGUINEA.
dd. Elytra pale brownish-yellow, each with eight small black dots;
mesosternum broadly and rather feebly sinuate in front.
982. ABDOMINALIS.
978 (3058). CoccrNELLA 9-NoTATA Herbst., Kafer, V, 1793, 269.
Hemispherical. Head pale, black at base; thorax described
in key; elytra with one common scutellar spot, and each with
a] four others black, the two front ones the smaller; the spots
\ 4 sometimes united into two oblique curved bars. Under sur-
Fig. 189, face and legs black, the meso- and meta-epimera white. Length
(After Riley.) 55-7 mm. (Fig. 189.)
Throughout the State, frequent; especially so in cultivated
erounds. January 7—-November 30. Hibernates beneath logs and
mullein leaves.
979 (3056). CoccINELLA TRIFASCIATA Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, 365.
Smaller and more narrowly oval than 9-notata. Head of male white,
of female with twu white spots; thorax black at base, the apical margin
and a broad space at each apical angle, whitish; elytra orange, the sub-
basal black band not reaching side margins, the others interrupted at su-
ture and each encircled with a narrow pale ring; legs and under surface
black, the side pieces of meso- and metasterna white. Thorax finely and
sparsely, elytra more coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Length 4.5-
51mm. (Fig. 191, ¢.)
A boreal form of which a single specimen was taken by sweeping
near Clear Lake, Steuben County. May 25. Probably oeeurs spar-
ingly throughout the northern third of the State.
980 (80552). CoccINELLA VENUSTA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., ITI,
1846, 175.
Broadly rounded, feebly convex. Tend black, yellow near the eyes;
thorax described in key; elytra red or reddish-yellow, each with five black
spots, viz, two sub-basal, two median and one large subapical, the latter
prolonged forward to form a common sutural stripe extending nearly to
middle. Length 5.5-G mm. (Iig. 191, d.)
A southern species taken in Jennings, Floyd and Crawford eoun-
ties; scarce. June 23-July 12. The name affinis Rand., of the Hen-
shaw list was cited in error, and venusta is therefore a distinct
species, not a variety. (C. nofulata Muls., black above and beneath,
thorax with an oblique pale border, elytra each with a transverse
THE LADY BEETLES. 515
reddish cross-bar, is a color variety of venusta which has been
recorded from near Cincinnati.
*981 (3064). CoccINELLA SANGUINEA Linn., Cent. Ins., 1763, 11.
Rounded-oval, somewhat convex. Head black, white in
front (male), or with two white spots (female); thorax
black with the front, sides and hind angles bordered with
white, the front margin sending back three white spurs, the -
lateral ones sometimes reaching the base; elytra dull red-
dish-yellow, without spots, the reflexed margins paler. Be-
Fig. 190.
(After Forbes.)
neath black, the tibize and tarsi usually paler. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 190.)
Throughout the State; frequent. February 23-October 16.
Hibernates in small numbers. Common on flowers of goldenrod in
autumn. Our form described above is the var. munda Say.
982 (3065a). CoccINELLA ABDOMINALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IV, 1824, 95; ibid. II, 233.
Pale reddish-yellow ; thorax with seven black dots, five of which form
an M-like mark on the disk; elytra described in key. Length 4.2-5 mm.
(Fig. 191, e.)
A southwestern species listed by both Casey and Leng from
‘““Indiana,’’ without definite locality. I have not seen a specimen
from the State, and it oceurs probably only in the lower Wabash
Valley.
Fig. 191. Figures of Coccinellini. (After Leng.)
V. Avauia Muls. 1851. (NI., an invented name.)
Two species, both introduced by coinmerce, occur in the State.
*983 (3067). ApDALIA BIPUNCTATA Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, 364.
Oval. Head with two yellow frontal marks; thorax with an M-shaped
black mark on disk, the broad pale margins without a spot; elytra reddish
with a round black spot near center of each. Beneath black, the tarsi and
sides of abdomen reddish-brown. Thorax finely and indistinctly punctate;
elytra more coarsely punctate. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 191, a.)
Frequent throughout the State. January 1-December 7. Often
passes the winter in houses, being found on the walls and windows
in late autumn and early spring. Very beneficial and should be
protected and allowed to escape in spring.
516 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLIDA.
984 (8066). ADALIA FRIcIpA Schneid, Neu. Mag. Wnt., 1792. 172.
Differs from hipunctala in haying a black point at center of broad yel-
low margin of thorax, or thorax black, with front, sides and basal bilobed
spot yellowish; elytra reddish, usually with two small spots near middle
(var. ophthalmica Muls.), sometimes with two black bands (var. disjuncta
Rand.), rarely wholly without black markings. Elytra rather coarsely and
densely punctured. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig. 191, 0.)
One specimen (var. ophthalmica) in Webster collection labeled
‘“Ind.’’ Ranges across the northern part of North America, as far
south as Ohio and Missouri.
VI. Neomysia Casey. 1899. (Gr., ‘‘new + Mysia.’’)
This genus replaces Wysia of the Henshaw list. It is repre-
sented in the State by the single species:
985 (8073). NromysIA PULLATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
301; ibid. II, 346.
Oval, strongly convex. Head black with two spots on sides of front
yellow; thorax of male with disk black, the front margin narrowly, the
sides broadly yellow, the latter enclosing a black spot; a small yellow spot
in front of scutellum, which is sometimes extended into a median pale
space; in female the disk brown; elytra uniform dull reddish-brown. Un-
der surface black, paler along the middle. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 191, f.)
Lake and Posey counties; searee. May 20-July 8. Closely re-
sembles Coccinella sanguinea but larger and with different mark-
ings on thorax.
VII. Awartis Muls. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘harmless.’’)
Broadly oval or rounded convex species, above the medium in
size and having the thorax less transverse than usual and the pune-
tuation rather coarse and unequal. One species and a variety occur
in the State.
986 (3075). ANarviIs 15-puNncraTa Oliv., Ent., VI, 1808, 1027.
Oval, very broad, rather convex. Head black with two triangular yel-
low spots on front; thorax with disk black, enclosing two pale spots at
base; side margins broadly pale, with a marginal black spot near base;
elytra yellow or reddish-brown, cach with eight black spots, one scutellar,
one on the humerus, three forming a median band and three subapical.
Beneath black, the tibi, tarsi and sides of abdomen pale reddish-brown.
Length 6.5-8.5 mm. (Wig. 185, d.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 18-October 22. Mates
about mid-April and is then found in numbers on the flowers of
the red haw (Cratirgus). Tn very dark specimens the spots of
elytra are indistinct.
THE LADY BEETLES. 517
986a (——). Awatis 15-puncratTa MALI Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IV, 1824, 93; ibid. I, 192.
A variety of 15-punctata having the ground tint reddish-brown and each
elytral spot surrounded by a broad pale border; the marginal spot of the
median row divided or geminate. Length 8-9 mm. (Tig. 185, e.)
A single specimen was taken from beneath a chunk on the
beach of Lake Michigan, near Millers, Lake County, on May 13;
15-punctata being common along the beach on the same date.
VIII. Psytuopora Chevr. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘a flea+ to eat.’’)
Small oval or rounded convex species, having the upper surface
pale, spotted with a darker tint; scutellum minute; mesosternum
truncate ; tarsal claws with a large quadrate tooth on inner side near
apex. One species occurs in Indiana.
987 (8078). VsyLiopora 20-macurata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TV, 1824, 96; ibid. II, 234.
Rounded or broadly oval, convex. Yellowish-white; thorax with five
black or brownish spots, the one in front of scutellum the smaller; elytra
each with nine spots, the two discal usually merged and sometimes joining
the others partly. together. Beneath pale brownish-yellow, the sternum
and middle of ventral segments black. Thorax finely, elytra more strongly
and closely, punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 191, g.)
Frequent throughout the State. April 5-October 20. Prob-
ablv hibernates. Occurs in early spring in numbers about the base
of skunk cabbage and on leaves of various shrubs,
Tribe III. CHILOCORINI.
Antenne very short. compact, narrowly clavate and inserted
under a broadly dilated frontal plate, thus concealing their base;
thorax very small, deeply emarginate in front and rounded behind;
epipleura very broad, concave, strongly descending on the outer
side; legs short, femora not extending beyond sides of body; tarsi
beneath densely, spongy pubescent. Three genera compose the
tribe, all of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHILOCORINI.
a. Front tibia with a small tooth’on outer margin near base; thorax pubes-
cent toward sides; length less than 6 mm. IX. CHILOCORUS.
aa. Front tibia without a tooth; thorax not pubescent toward the side mar-
gins.
b. Thody convex, not compressed nor excavated beneath; size small, not
over 3.5 mun. X. PExocromus.
bb. Body very convex, subcompressed above, excavated beneath for the
femora; size large, 6 or more mm. XI. AXION.
518 FAMILY XVI.—-COCCINELLIDA.
IX. Crmmocorvs Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘lip or labrum + shield.’’)
Abdomen and epipleurw concave for the femora; tarsal claws
toothed.
#988 (3080). CHILOCORUS BIVULNERUS Muls., Spec. des Col. Trim., 1851, 460.
Broadly oval, very convex. Black, shining; ely-
tra each with a rounded red spot near the center;
beneath black, the ventral segments red. Elytra
finely but distinctly punctured. Length 4-5 mm.
(Fig. 192.)
ae ;
AD kK |
Ht
ite. sue Faoal Frequent throughout the State. J anuary
(After Forbes.) &—-November 20. Hibernates beneath rubbish,
and on the wing on the first warm days of spring, when it is often
to be seen resting on the sunny sides of rails, fence posts, trunks of
trees, ete. A little later often found on the flowers of the red haw
(Crategus).
X. Exocnomus Redt. 1848. (Gr., ‘‘prominent + shoulder.’’)
Small rounded convex species having the tarsal claws toothed,
hind legs not retractile and color of elytra variable. One species is
known from the State.
989 (8083). ExocHOMUS MARGINIPENNIS Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1S24,
170.
Broadly oval, convex, glabrous, shining. TIlead and thorax black in
female, the latter with sides reddish-yellow in male; elytra reddish-yel-
low with black markings, which, in the male at hand, consist of two large
black spots on each. Elytra sparsely and finely punctulate. Male with
fifth ventral segment truncate, disclosing a small sixth segment. Length
3 mm.
Orange County; rare. June 2. Beaten from foliage of oak.
The specimen belongs to Casey’s variety latiusculus, in which the
black spots of elytra are sometimes distinct. sometimes united at
suture to form transverse bands. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna.
XI. Axton Muls. 1850. (Gr., a classical name. )
The species of this genus are the largest of the tribe and are
strongly convex and subeompressed. They are colored nearly as in
Chilocorus, having the upper surface deep black with one or two red
spots on each elytron; very nearly without punetures. the thorax
being very feebly punctate near the side margins and having the
apical margin near the angles always more or less pale.
THE LADY BEETLES. 519
990 ( ). AXION PLAGIATUM Oliv., Ent. VI, 180s, 1044.
Broadly oval, very convex. Black, strongly shining; head and nar-
row space near apical margins of thorax reddish; elytra each with a large
round, brick-red spot on sides in front of middle. Beneath reddish-yel-
low, the middle of abdomen black. Length 6.5 mm.
Known from the State by a single male taken by Woleott near
Pine, Lake County. May 20. Resembles Chilocorus bivulnerus,
but much larger, more convex and with smooth upper surface. The
head is usually wholly black and the red spot of elytron is said to
be much larger in female than in male.
Tribe IV. G°oNEINI.
The principal characters of this group are set forth in the
tribal kev. The species are glabrous or nearly so and are among
the most minute members of the Coccinellide. The tribe is repre-
sented in North America by the single genus:
XII. DeEtpHasrus Casey. 1899.
Antenne well developed, with a compressed elliptical club; tho-
rax as wide as elytra, short and transverse; scutellum well de-
veloped, a little longer than wide; coxe all remotely separated;
front femora greatly dilated. when in repose completely conceal-
ing the tibie and tarsi.
991 (3508S). DELPHASTUS PUSILLUS Leec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI,
GAe2. 135.
Oblong-oval, when in repose almost globose. Black, very shining; head,
legs and sides of thorax pale in the male. Head and thorax finely, sparsely
punctate; the latter distinctly margined. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 283-August 11. Beaten
from vegetation or taken from beneath stones.
Tribe V. HYPERAS?PINI.
Species below the medium in size. and having the body oval or
hemispherical. compact and usually contractile; antenne short and
11-jointed ; epipleurw. in our genera, hollowed out for the reception
of the knees of middle and hind legs; seutellum well developed and
triangular; legs short. stout and strongly retractile; front coxe nar-
rewly separated; prosternum flat. Two genera are represented in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HYPERASPINI.
a. Front tibize with a strong spine on outer edge near middle; eyes with a
small emargination in front. NII. BrRacHyacaNTHa.
aa. Front tibie without spines: eyes entire; elytral spots well defined and
usually fewer in number. XIV. HYPERASPIS.
520 PAMILY XVI.-—COCCINELLID A‘.
XIII. Bracuyacantrua Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘short + spine.’’)
Oval, strongly convex, black beetles, in our species having each
elytron marked with either two or five distinct, rounded yellow or
orange spots. Four species occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRACHYACANTHA.
a. Elytra each with five clearly defined yellow spots, one humeral, one
larger basal, two near the middle and one subapical.
b. Elytral spots, except the humeral, well developed and subequal in
size.
c. Larger, 2.5-8 min.; basal spot never much more than semicircular,
broadly truncated by the basal margin. 992. URSINA.
ec. Smaller, 2-2.2 mm.; basal spot almost fully circular.
993. STELLATA.
bb. Elytral spots smaller and unequal, the two median much smaller
than the others. 994. 10-PUSTULATA.
aa. Wlytra each with two spots, one basal, one subapical.
995. QUADRIPUNCTATA.
992 (3095). BracHYACANTHA URSINA Fab., Mant., 1798, 61.
Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining; head yellow; thorax with apical
margin yellow in male, the region of apical angles only, yellow in female;
elytra with spots as described in key. Beneath black; legs pale, the base
of femora darker. Thorax and elytra both finely but distinctly and evenly
punctate. Length 2.7-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 21-Julv 20. Occurs es-
pecially on the leaves and flowers of the common milkweed (As-
clepias syriaca L.)
993 (——-). BRrACHYACANTHA STFLLATA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII,
1899, 117.
Close to wrsina and perhaps only a variety. Color nearly the same,
the spots proportionally larger. Punctures of elytra coarser and sparser ;
surface more shining. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Putnam, Lawrence, Orange, Posey. Perry and Crawford coun-
ties; frequent. May 11-June 1. The legs are not always ‘‘pale
throughout’’ as mentioned by Casey, the basal half of femora being
sometimes dark.
994 (30952). BracnHyAcANTHA 10-PusTULATA Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IIT, 1847, 179.
Resembles wrsina but smaller. Pale front border of thorax wider in
male; head of female sometimes black with an orange spot on vertex.
Punctures coarser and much Jess numerous. Length 1.8-2.3 mm.
Throughout the State; scaree. May 31-June 24. Usually given
as a variety of wrsina, but the differences are sufficient to justify its
hoiding specifie rank.
THE LADY BEETLES. 521
995 (3096). BracHYACANTHA QUADRIPUNCTATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., III, 1847, 178.
Broadly rounded. Black, shining, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tate; head yellow in male, black with a yellow V-like mark in female; tho-
rax with front margin narrowly yellow in male, the region of apical angles
broadly yellow in that sex, narrowly yellow in female; elytral spots large,
rounded. Beneath black, the tibiz: and tarsi paler. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Vigo, Posey and Jackson counties; scarce. Occurs especially on
maple trees infested with plant lice. May 20-July &. Casey ealls it
basalis Melsh. The two names were proposed by Melsheimer at the
same time, #punctata on page 178, and basalis on page 179, the
former therefore having priority.
XIV. Hyperaspis Redt. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘above +a shield.’’)
Small, oval or rounded, black beetles having the elytra margined
or spotted with paler, often hoth. Distinguished from Brachya-
cantha by having the outer margin of front tibiae unarmed. Eight
species and one variety are known from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPERASPIS.
a. Side margins of elytra with a reddish or yellow stripe, this rarely
broken so as to form a subapical spot.
b. Elytra without a second stripe, but often with a red or yellow spot
on side of disk.
ec. Discal spot of elytra, if present, connected with marginal band.
d. Stripe on side of elytra expanding into a large rounded discal
spot a little behind the middle. 996. BOLTERI.
dd. Stripe only feebly undulating on the inner margin, its hind por-
tion often separated as a distinct oval subapical spot.
997. FIMBRIOLATA.
ce. Diseal spot of elytra distinct from marginal band, the latter some-
times broken into separate spots; side margins of thorax yellow
in both sexes. 998. UNDULATA.
bb. Elytra with a second yellow stripe on side of disk. 999. 4-viTTATA.
aa. Side margins of elytra without a reddish or yellowish stripe.
e. Elytra black with one or two rounded red or yellowish subapical
spots and usually with a large discal spot.
f. Side margins of elytra without a spot; legs in part or wholly black.
g. Subapical spot single.
h. Larger discal spot present, subapical small; sides and apical
margin of thorax yellow in male. 1000. SIGNATA.
hh. Diseal spot absent, subapical larger; sides of thorax with a
large rounded orange spot. 1001. BIGEMINATA.
gg. Subapical spots two, discal spot present; sides of thorax yellow
in both sexes. 1000b.) var. PROBA.
ff. Side margins of elytra with a spot opposite the discal spot; legs
yellow. 1002. PRATENSIS.
cc. Elytra black without subapical spots but with a large round spot near
the center of disk; thorax as in signata. 1000a. var. BINOTATA.
AZZ FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLID.1.
996 (3100). Hyprrasris soTert Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880,
186.
Broadly rounded, strongly convex. Black, shining; head and sides of
thorax of male pale; elytra with a pale red margin, reaching nearly to
apex, this expanded into or confluent with a large discal spot a little be-
hind the middle; front and middle legs pale. Upper surface strongly and
rather closely punctured. Length 3 mm.
Taken in small numbers by Wolcott near Pine, Lake County.
April 29-June +. Described from Ilincis.
*997 (3101). HyPrRASPIS FIMBRIOLATA Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Ili, 1847, 180.
Rounded, subconvex. Black, shining; elytra with a narrow yellow
marginal stripe; this often broken on apical third, leaving a free, oval sub-
apical spot (var. dissoluta Cr.). Male with head and thorax in front and
on sides, yellow. Upper surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate.
Length 2.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Dubois and Perry counties; rare. May 14—-Decem-
ber 10. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and other rubbish;
taken in spring by sweeping.
*998 (8105). MyPERASPIS TNDULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV,
1824, 92; ibid. II, 231.
Elongate-oval; subdepressed. Black, shining; male with head, narrow
apical margin and sides of thorax yellow; female with only the sides of
thorax yellow; elytra with an oval spot near center and a narrow three
lobed band on sides, yellow. Length 2.38-2.5 mim.
Throughout the State; freqnent. March 20-December 7. Oc-
curs on herbage in low, moist ground.
999 (3122). Hyprraspis 4-vitTata Lec. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, VI.
1852, 133.
Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black, shining, finely punctate: side mar-
gins of thorax narrowly yellow; elytra with a narrow marginal and a wider
dorsal stripe pale yellow, the latter not reaching base or apex. Head and
thorax of male reddish-yellow. Length 2.5 mm.
Taken by Wolcott near Pine, Lake County; searce. May 21-
June 4.
1000 (3110). HyPERASPIs sIGNATA Oliv., Ent., VI, 1801, 92.
Rounded, strongly convex. Black, shining, thickly and rather strongly
punetate. Male with head and narrow apical and side margins of thorax.
yellow; female with head and thorax wholly black. Subapical spot of ely-
tra about one-fourth the size of one on disk. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.
Marion County; searee. April 25. In two specimens at hand
one has the subapical spot red and situated about as far from the
’
THE LADY BEETLES. 523
hind margin as from the suture; the other has the spot yellow and
located much farther from the suture, in usual situation of second
spot in proba.
1000a (——-). TIYPERASPIS SIGNATA BINOTATA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., V, 1826, 302; ibid. IT,
A variety of siynata having the sub-
apical spot lacking. Color and struc-
ture otherwise exactly as in that spe-
cies; the females a little larger. Length
2.5-3.5 mm. (Fig. 192a.)
Throughout the State; frequent. §
Hibernates beneath chunks and +
rubbish in waste places. January
6—October 17. Usually regarded as
a mere form of siqnata. Casey, _ :
i a = Vig. 192a. a, beetle; b, antenn; c, maxillary palpi
however, gives it specific rank. d, pupa. ‘(After Forbes.)
1000b (8112). HyPrrasris SIGNATA PROBA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1826, 303; ibid. II, 347.
Resembles signata but smaller and less convex. Head and thorax of
male as in that species; elytra with two small subapical reddish-yellow
dots and a much larger and deeper red discal spot. Surface more finely
punctured. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.
Lake, Steuben, Knox and Crawford counties; scaree. May 16-
July 10. A large series of specimens will doubtless show s/gnata,
binotata and proba to be color forms of one species.
1001 (3114). HyPprraAsPis BIGEMINATA Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. II, 52.
Rounded, convex. Black, shining; head with a large vellow frontal
spot in male, wholly black in female; thorax with a large internally
rounded orange spot each side; elytra with a similar circular spot just
before the apex. Elytra strongly, thorax more finely punctured. Length
2.5-2.8 mm.
Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko. Putnam and Marion counties; scarce.
Mav 25-July 4.
1002 (3115). Hyveraspis pratensis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci, VI,
JSb2, 14.
Broadly oval, subcoivex. Black, shining; male with head and broad
side margin of thorax yellow; elytra each with three yellow spots, the larg-
est on middle of disk, a marginal one opposite this and one subapical. Tho-
rax finely and closely, elytra more coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length
3-3.5 mm.
One in Webster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’? Recorded hereto-
fore only from Kansas.
o2+ FAMILY XVI.-~COCCINELLID.E,
Tribe VI. SCYMNINI.
This tribe embraces a large number of small species readily
recognized by the distinct pubescence of the upper surface. The
genus Smilia, though composed of apparently glabrous forms, is
combined with the other genera on account of a similarity in strue-
ture. In all our forms the antenne are scarcely as long as the
head, thorax deeply emarginate in front and rounded behind; front
and middle legs more or less contractile. with the thighs sulcate be-
neath for the reception of the tibie. Casey separates the tribe into
six genera, four of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SCYMNINI.
ud. Thorax not deeply emarginate; antenne apparently 11-jointed, free;
front coxze moderately separated.
b. Thorax with a fine, obliquely impressed line behind the front angles;
body apparently glabrous, yet finely pubescent under high power;
tarsal claws simple. XV. SMILIA.
bb. Thorax without an oblique line near the front angles; body always
distinctly pubescent; tarsal claws bifid.
ce. Clypeus prolonged for a considerable distance before the eyes, the
sides converging; antenne inserted in small shallow emargina-
tions just before the eyes; prosternuim flat, not at all deflexed
toward the tip, generally bicarinate. aI SOOOUNS,
ec. Clypeus extremely short before the eyes, truncate with rounded
angles, the antennie inserted under its sides adjoining the eves:
prosternum transversely convex, not carinate, broadly and grad-
ually deflexed, forming a protection to the mouth in repose.
XVII. STETHORUS.
aa. Thorax very short and broad and deeply emarginate in front; antenne
apparently 9-jointed; front coxze very widely separated.
XVIII. CEPHALOSCYMNUS.
NV Sait Weise. 1891.
Here belong very small rounded species formerly classed under
the genus Pentilia. Of the six listed from the United States, one is
known from Indiana.
1008 (O90). SMILTA MISELLA Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XVII, 1878, 400.
Oval, convex, Uniform black, shining. Thorax nearly smooth, the
impressed line near the front angles fine and indistinct. Elytra rather
coarsely, Sparsely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Length S-lmm. (Fig.
193.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 13-May 29. Oveurs
especially on fruit trees infested with San José seale and one of the
most beneficial beetles preying upon that injurious insect
THE LADY BEETLES. 525
XVI. Scymnus Kug. 1794. (Gr., ‘‘a cub or whelp.’’)
This genus comprises a very large number of minute, pubescent
forms which occur on foliage in spring and summer and are readily
taken by beating. Horn, in his ‘‘Studies’’ in 1895, listed and de-
scribed 45 species from the United States. Casey, in his Revision
in 1899, increased this number to 118 and left the genus, as Bow-
ditch has well put it, ‘fa wilderness.’’ Thirteen species have been
recognized amone those eollected in Indiana, while several others
doubtless occur.
Fig. 193. Smilia misella; a, adult; b, larva; c, pupa; d, all stages, larvee and adults feeding on San José
scale in calyx cup of pear. All much enlarged. (After Howard and Marlatt.)
As the term ‘‘metacoxal line’’ is used extensively in the key, I
quote from Dr. Horn’s Revision of the genus as follows: ‘‘The
first ventral segment exhibits the character of greatest value in the
division of species. Behind the coxal cavity is a slightly elevated
line beginning at the inner edge of the cavity passing more or less
obliquely and curved toward the first suture, sometimes joining the
suture and continuous with it (Fig. 194, No. 1), or running parallel
with the suture (Fig. 194, No. 2). or recurving to the front and
when entire ending near the front angle of the segment. (Fig.
194, No. +). In the present essay this line is called the ‘metacoxal
line’??? Casey calls the lines ‘‘abdominal lines.’’ To see them
plainly the hind femora must he lifted up or pushed to one side and
526 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLIDA.
the specimens should be so mounted that this can be readily done.
For convenience the Indiana species are first separated into two
groups.
boa o @
Fig. 194. u, metacoxal line;"b, first ventral suture; ¢, hind coxal cavity. (After Horn.)
KEY TO GROUPS OF SPECIES OF INDIANA SCYMNUS.
a. Metacoxal line incomplete, gradually curving into the first ventral su-
ture and forming a part thereof, or not joining said suture. (Fig.
194, Nos. 1, 2 and 3.) Group A.
aa, Metacoxal line forming an entire arc beginning at the inner border of
the coxal cavity and ending at or near the outer front angle of the
first segment. (Fig. 194, No. 4.) Group B.
Group A.
This group includes the Indiana species belonging to Groups
A, B and C of Horn’s ‘‘Studies in Coceinellidie,’’ and in addition
a few that have since been described.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
«. Metacoxal line passing in an oblique curve from the hind coxal cavity
to the first ventral suture and joining the latter. (Fig. 194, No. 1.)
b. Elytra piceous, each with two pale spots.
c. Head and thorax yellow, the latter sometimes with piceous basal
spot. 1004. LIEBECKI.
cc, Head and thorax black; form oval; elytral spots small and oval.
MYRMIDON.
bb. Hlytra piceous with a large yellow spot at apex, but without spots
on disk.
d. Thorax black with the apex narrowly, the front angles more broad-
ly yellow. 1005. TERMINATUS.
dd, Thorax yelow with a black basal spot. 1006. PARTITUS.
ad, Metacoxal line not joining the first ventral suture.
e, Metacoxal line extending outward, parallel with the suture and ata
slight distance therefrom. (Iig. 194, No. 2.)
f. Elytra wholly reddish-brown or dull brownish-yellow.
1007. INTRUSUS.
ff. Elytra black or piceous, marked with yellow spots.
g. Hach elytron with one rounded yellow spot behind the middle;
thorax black. 1008S. FLAVIFRONS.
gg. Wach elytron with two oval spots. ORNATUS.
ce, Metacoxal line recurved at the outer end (Fig. 194, No. 3) 3 elytra
black, narrowly tipped with red; thorax with black disk and red
margins. 1009. AMERICANUS.
THE LADY BEETLES. 527
1004. (——). Secymnvs tiepeckr Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXII,
S05, SD.
Oval, convex. Head and thorax yellow, the latter darker in front of
scutellum ; elyira piceous with a narrow apical border, a small round spot
in front of middle, nearer the suture than the side, and a slightly sinuous
crossbar one-third from apex, yellow. Abdomen reddish-yellow, punctate.
Legs yellow. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. (Wig. 195, @.)
T have not seen this species from the State. Part of Horn’s
types came from near Elkhart, Indiana, and were probably eol-
lected by R. J. Weith; others were from southern New Jersey.
S. myrnvidon Mals., length 1.5-2 mm., is known from Pennsyl-
vania and Maryland.
Fig. 195. a, Seymnus liebecki; b, S. flavifrons; c, S. terminatus; d, Coccidula lepida. All greatly énlarged.
(After Horn.)
1005 (3135). ScyMNUS TERMINATUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
203 ; ibid. II, 671.
Oval, very little longer than wide. Piceous; head, narrow side mar-
gins of thorax, legs and apex of elytra reddish-yellow. Thorax distinctly
narrower in front, the disk rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third longer
than wide, a little more coarsely but less closely punctate; abdomen yellow,
piceous at base or wholly piceous; legs reddish-yellow. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
(Fig. 195, ¢.)
Lawrence. Clark, Perry and Posey counties; scarce. April 22-
Octoher 16.
1006 (—-). Seyvmnus PArRTITUS Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe, VI, 1S),
158.
Resembles terminatus but differs in color of thorax. Blytra broadly
oval, together scarcely longer than wide, the punctures closer than in fer-
minatus and the pubescence less conspicuous. Length 1.5-1.7 mn.
Knox and Posey counties: rare. April 21-September 2. De-
seribed from Texas.
1007 (——). Scyswnts InTRUsts Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NNII,
1895. 93.
Oval, very little longer than wide, moderately convex. Dull brownish-
yellow throughout, or slightly darker along the suture. Thoracic disk
[3423402]
N28 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELUIDZ.
sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra longer than wide, rather closely,
not coarsely punctate; pubescence coarse and conspicuous. Length 1.5-
2 anim,
Starke, Putnam and Posey counties; a single specimen from
each. March 20-December 6. One was taken from beneath chunk
in a fence row on the latter date.
N. ornalus Tee. length 2-2.5 mm., is a boreal species which may
oceur in northern Indiana.
1008 (3133). ScymMNus FLAVIFRONS Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., HI,
S47, 181.
Oval. Black; an oval yellow spot on each elytron one-third from apex
and equally distant from side and suture; head often, tibiee and_ tarsi
always, yellow. Thorax narrower in front, the surface sparsely punctate.
Elytra rather coarsely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 195, 0b.)
Steuben, Vermillion, Marion and Martin counties; scarce. Prob-
ably hibernates. March 14-June 15. Those on the former date
were taken from a freshly cut maple stump where they were feed-
ing on sap. Our form is the one commonly called bieculatus Muls.,
which both Horn and Casey place as a small variety of flavifrons.
1009 (3188). ScyMNUS AMERICANUS Muls., Spec. Sec., 1850, 965.
Broadly oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black; thorax usually
orange red with a central piceous space, sometimes black throughout; ely-
tra narrowly margined with red at apex; legs yellow cr piceous. Thorax
narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, disk sparsely punctate. Elytra
coarsely and sparsely punctate, the pubescence coarse, rather long. asby and
conspicuous. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May d—Deecember 25. Tliber-
nates beneath logs and rubbish. Taken while sweeping grass or
beating foliage.
Group I.
This group corresponds to Group D. of Horn’s paper, the meta-
coxal line forming a complete are begitming at the inner edge of
the hind coxal cavity, sometimes touching, at the apex of the curve.
the first suture and ending nearly at the outer front angle of the
segment. (lig. 194, No. 4.)
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Form broadly oval, the margins of thorax and elytra continuous; elytra
uniform in coloration on the disk, not considering the apex.
b. Elytra pale at apex, either merely bordered with yellow or with an
apical area of that color.
c. Elytra with a wide, pale, common area at apex.
TI LADY BEETLES. 529
d. Form broadly oval; apical spot not extending over one-fifth the
length of suture.
c. Apex of elytra dull yellow; thorax sparsely and obsoletely
punctate throughout. (Fig. 196, c¢.) 1010. FRATERNUS.
ce. Apex of elytra reddish; thorax distinctly and coarsely punc-
tate at middle, more finely and sparsely at sides.
1011. CAUDALIS.
dd. Form oblong-oval; apical spot comprising nearly a third of the
upper area; last three segments of abdomen yellow.
1012. RUBRICAUDA.
ee, Blytra narrowly pale at apex.
f. Thorax partly black.
g. Legs entirely reddish-yellow ; first ventral segment of male
without pubescence. (Fig. 196, a.) 1013. COLLARIS.
gg. Legs pale, the femora piceous; first ventral segment of male
with a median sinooth area surrounded by short pubescence.
1014. PUNCTICOLLIS.
ff. Thorax entirely yellow. 1015. CERVICALIS.
bb, VWlytra entirely black.
h. Species larger, 2-2.5 mun.; thorax entirely black.
1016. TENEBROSUS.
Ah, Smaniler, not over 1.5 mm.; front angles of thorax usually pale.
NANUS.
eg, Form oblong; thorax narrower at base than base of elytra; elytra black,
each with a small oval red spot at center of disk. (Wig. 196, 0b.)
PUNCTATUS.
1010 (3145). ScyMNUS FRATERNUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., VI.
1852, 138.
Broadly oval. VPiceous black; head black or yellowish; thorax reddish-
yellow at sides, with a central piceous spot which is variable in size; elytra
with a yellowish area at apex which never extends along the suture more
than a fifth of its length. Abdomen piceous, paler at sides and apex; legs
reddish-yellow. Thorax and elytra punctate but not closely nor densely.
Length 2-25 mm. (Fig. 196, c¢.)
Our most common species; found throughout the State. Hiber-
nates. January 6-November 1. This specics includes the form
generally listed as hamorrhous Lec., the types showing, as stated by
Horn, ‘‘that they were established on uniques, the differences being
merely individual, fraternus having the greater extent of yellow on
the thorax.’’ *
1011 (3149). ScymNus caupaLis Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 238.
Broadly oval. Black; head, side margins of thorax, tibie and tarsi
and large, often somewhat indistinct spot on apex of elytra, dull reddish ;
femora piceous. Thorax but little more than twice as wide as long, sides
moderately convergent, evenly curved. Elytra quite coursely and closely
but not densely punctate. First ventral segment of male with a large me-
dian area at apex glabrous and impunctate. Length 2-2.3 mm.
*Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XXII, 101.
530 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLIDJ.
Taken by Woleott near Pine. Lake County; rare. May 20.
Described from Lake Superior and Georgia. Resembles the preced,
ing but more robust, with larger spot on apex of elytra and with
piceous spot on thorax reaching nearly to apex.
1012 (——). Scymnus rupricaupa Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII,
1899, 141.
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black; sides of thorax and a large apical ely-
tral space reddish-yellow; head piceous or yellow; antennee, legs and last
three segments of abdomen reddish-yellow. Elytra rather closely and dis-
tinctly, thorax sparsely and indistinctly, punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. January 7-July
12. Known from fraternus by its smaller size, more narrow and
less convex form and the larger relative area of yellow spot at apex
of elytra.
Fig. 196. 4, Scymnus collaris; b, S. punctatus; c. S. fraternus. (After Horn.)
1013 (8148). Scysrxnvs cortarts Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1847, 180.
Regularly oval, convex. Piceous, rather shining; head and thorax red-
dish-yellow, the latter with a median piceous spot of variable size; apex of
elytra narrowly pale red; abdomen piceous, the last three segments usually
yellowish; legs entirely reddish-yellow. Thorax more distinctly punctate
at middle than at sides. Length 2-2.2 mm. (Fig. 196, a.)
Martin County; searce. July 13.
1014 (3152). ScymNnts puncticotzis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VI,
1852, 139.
Broadly oval, convex. Black, rather dull; head piceous; thorax black
with the sides indetinitely yellow, usually with the apieal angles alone pale;
apex of elytra narrowly reddish; tibiz and. tarsi pale, femora piceous.
Thorax more closely punctate toward the sides. Elytra rather closely and
more coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 2-2.5 pm.
Southern half of State, frequent; Steuben County, rare. April
21—December 23.
1015 (8153). ScyMNUS CERVICALIS Muls., Spec. Sec., 1850, O84.
Oval, convex. Hend, thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous.
at apex very narrowly margined with reddish-yellow ; abdomen black, the
THE LADY BEETLES. 531
terminal segments pale. Thorax very sparsely punctute, the basal marginal
line distinct. Elytra rather coarsely but not closely punctate. Length
1.8-2.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 11—-November 23.
1016 (3156). ScyMNUS TENEBROSUS Muls., Spec. Sec., 1850, 989.
Broadly oval, strongly convex. Uniform black, shining; sparsely pubes-
cent; legs red or reddish-brown. Thorax narrowed in front, sides feebly
curved, surface finely, equally and sparsely punctate. Elytra much more
coarsely and closely punctured than thorax. Length 1.8-2.3 mm.
Three specimens from near Pine and Hessville, Lake County,
and one from Warren County. May 11-July 14. Should occur
throughout the State.
SN. nanus Lec., legs reddish, length 1.3-1.5 mm., is known from
Michigan and Florida. 8. punctatus Melsh., length 1.5 mm., is
recorded from Canada, Pennsylvania and Texas. ;
XVII. SrerHorus Weise. 1891. (Gr., ‘‘breast + margin.’’)
The members of this genus are nearly as small as those of Smulia.
They differ from Scymnus, as shown in the generic key, mainly in
the structure of the front of head and prosternum.
1017 (8160). StveTHoRUS PUNCTUM Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 141.
Broadly oval, convex. Black, shining; antenuz and legs yellow, the
femora black, with the apex pale. Thorax narrowed in front, the surface
sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and coarsely at sides. Elytra
sparsely but distinctly punctate; covered with a sparse and fine pubescence.
Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 17—-October 17. Taken
by sifting rubbish from damp hillsides and borders of marshes.
XVIII. CrepHatoscymntus Crotch. 1873. (Gr., ‘‘head + ecub.’’)
Small, oblong-oval, rather depressed pubescent species, having
the front coxal cavities open behind; head large, front vertical;
last joint of maxillary palpi long, slender, pointed; thorax at base
narrower than elytra; prosternum short and broad.
1018 (3169). CrePHALOSCYMNUS ZIMMERMANNE Crotch, Trans, Amer, Ent.
Soc., IV, 1878, 882.
Broadly oval, feebly convex. Black, slightly bronzed, sparsely clothed
with gray pubescence; legs piceous,‘tibie and tarsi paler. Thorax three
times as wide at base as long at middle, coarsely and closely punctured;
front angles prominent on account of the deeply emarginate apex. Elytra
more sparsely and coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 1.5-2.2 mm,
582 FAMILY XVI.—COCCINELLID.Ai.
Knox County; rare. July 2. A southern form known hereto-
fore from Maryland, South Carolina and Ohio.
Tribe VII. EPILACHNINI.
This tribe is represented in the United States by two or three
large pubescent species, belonging to the single genus Epilachna.
They have the margin of the elytra rather strongly reflexed; epi-
pleure horizontal, broadly concave; legs moderately retractile;
tarsal claws cleft, the lower cusp being nearly as long as the upper
one. One species occurs sparingly in southern Indiana.
XIX. Epmacuna Chev. 1844. (Gr., ‘‘above + woolly hair.’’)
1019 (3171). EpiracHNa BoREALIS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1775, Sz
Very broadly oval. Pale orange yellow, shining, the pubescence short,
rather abundant. Thorax with an apical and basal black spot on the me
Fig. 197. Epilachna borealis: a, larva; b, pupa; c, adult beetle; d, egg; e, surface of same. All highly
magnified. (After Chittenden,7Bull. XIX, Diy. Ent., U. 8. Dep. Agr.)
-dian line, the basal the larger, and one at each side near the margin. Ely-
tra each with seven black spots, three sub-basal, three median and one sub-
apical, the last named the largest; the inner sub-basal and median on each
side uniting to form two common sutural spots. Metasternum blackish, legs
pale. Length 7-S mm. (Fig. 197.)
Orange, Perry, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. April
9-November 9. Taken beneath hark in early spring and late fall,
and at other times on foliage. Hibernates in large colonies beneath
leaves in low ground. This insect. known as the ‘‘squash lady-
bird,’’ presents a remarkable exception in food habits to other mem-
bers of the Coecinellide. the larve being herbivorous and feeding
upon the leaves of pumpkin. squash and allied plants. It is yel-
low, armed with forked spines, and feeds upon the lower side of the
leaf, while the adult usually feeds upon the upper surface. They
first mark out a circle or semicircle on the leaf and then feed within
TEE LADY BEETLES. 533
this and nowhere else, consuming the epidermis and parenchyma
and leaving the veins and nervures almost intact. TIand picking of
the adults and Jarge egg-clusters ix the best remedy, if done when
they first appear; arsenites, either dry or in solution, can also be
applied with sucess.
Tribe VIIT. COCCIDULINI.
Small pubescent species having the antennw long and slender,
with loose, serrate, 3-jointed club; thorax narrowed at base, feebly
sinuate at apex; prosternum bicarinate, rather widely separating
the coxe; legs free, rather stout; claws feebly bifid. One- genus is
known.
XX. Coccmuba Kug. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘searlet berry.’’)
1020 (3170). CoccIDULA LEPIDA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852.
132,
Elongate-oval. Head and part of under surface black; thorax dull yel-
low with a transverse black spet near apex; elytra dull yellow, black at
base and along sides to behind the middle and with a common transverse
sutural black spot at apical third. Punctures of elytra rather coarse, deep
and uneven, the larger ones in somewhat irregular rows. Length 3 mm.
(Fig. 195, d.)
One specimen in Field Museum collection labelled ‘‘Ind.”’
Probably from St. Joseph County. <A species of northern range
which is said by LeConte to cecur on plants near water.
Family XVII. ENDOMYCHID.-®.
Tue Hanpsome Funaus BEETLES.
To this family belong a limited number of small-sized, oval or
oblong beetles, which occur on woody fungi, in decaying wood or
beneath Togs and bark. Some of them are very prettily marked
with black or red, and most of them feign death or ‘‘play possum”’
when first uncovered. The name of the typical genus, Endomychus,
is derived from two Greek words, meaning ‘‘within’’ and ‘‘a con-
cealed place,’’ and probably refers to the concealed habitations of
the beetles and their larve in the substance of tree fungi, rotten
wood, ete. They differ from the Corcinellide, to which they are
the most closely allied, by having the form usually less convex and
more elongate, in having much lenger antenne, and by the termina!
joint of the maxillary palpi heing oval or triangular instead of
securiform or hatchet-shaped.
584 FAMILY XVIT.--—ENDOMYCIHID2.
In addition to the characters mentioned they have the antennz
situated upon the front, usually about half the length of the body,
9-, 10- or 11-jointed, the last three joints forming a
, distinct club; head mederate in size, prolonged in
front into a short muzzle; thorax usually nearly
> square, trisuleate at base, often with distinct wide thin
pal Endo’ margins turned up at the sides; elytra rounded at tip
(After LeBaron.) and covering the dorsal segments; front and middle
cox globose, hind ones transverse ; front coxal cavities open hehind;
abdomen with five free ventral segments; legs of moderate length,
not retractile; tarsi either 4-jointed or apparently 3-jointed, but
then with a small concealed joint at the base of the terminal one;
tarsal claws simple.
The larve are usually moderately elongate, only slightly con-
vex, scaly above and with the sides of the body bearing a number of
appendages. While not injurious, the larve cannot be said to be
especially beneficial, their food consisting principally of fungi and
perhaps the juices of decaying wood. Fully 500 species of the
family are known, less than 30 of which have been described from
the United States. Of these ten are known from Indiana, while a
few others doubtless occur.
The principal hterature treating of the North American species
of the family is as follows:
LeConte— ‘Synopsis of the Endomychide of the United
States.’’ dz Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1853, 357-360.
Crotch.— ‘Synopsis of the Endomychide of the United States,”’
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, 359-363.
Wickham.— ‘The Endomychidx and Erotvlide of Ontario and
Quehee,”’ in-Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894. 337-839.
Our representatives of the family may he divided among two
subfamilies, separated as follows:
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF ENDOMYCHIDA.
a. Tarsi distinctly 4-jointed ; size smaller, less than 4 mm.
Subfamily I. Mycretanin-e, p. 534.
aa. Tarsi dilated, apparently 5-jointed, the third joint minute and hidden
between the lobes of the second; larger, usually more than 4+ mm.
Subfamily II. EnpomycHina, p. 587.
Subfamily I. MYCETAEINAE,
Very small species having the tarsi narrow, the third joint dis-
tinet, though shorter than second. The following genera are per-
haps represented in the State:
THE HANDSOME FUNGUS BEETLES. 539
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYCETAINA.
a. Body rounded or oval, pubescent.
b. Antenne 10-jointed; thorax with well marked basal lines, extending
half the length. I. RuyMBuUSs,
bb. Antenne 9-jointed; thorax with a iarge, finely margined basal lobe
and a basal line each side running forward and then curving in-
wards. ANAMORPHUS.
aa. Body oblong or elongate.
c. Pubescent; base of thorax not, or very feebly, narrower than middle,
but slightly narrower than base of elytra. II. Sy. BIoTEs.
ce. Glabrous ; base of thorax distinctly narrowed, that of elytra very evi-
dently the wider.
d. Thorax unspotted, with deep basal impressions and lines extend-
ing from base half the length. Ill. Rianis.
dd. Thorax with black spot on center and with deep impressions, with-
out lines; antennal club of male very large. (Fig. 4, No. 8.)
IV. PHYMAPHORA.
TI. Ruyaupus Gerst. 185s.
Very small, convex, pubescent specics, having the thorax deeply
impressed on each side; labrum prominent and truncate; antennal
club abruptly 3-jointed and sides of thorax strongly margined.
They resemble the members of the genus Scymnus of the Coccinel-
lide, but are readily distinguished by the narrow, 4-jointed tarsi.
Two species and one variety occur in the State on old fungus-cov-
ered logs.
1021 (3175). RuympBus triKeI Croteh, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. IV, 1878,
362.
Subhemispherical, globose; strongly pubescent. J)isk of thorax and ely-
tra dark reddish-brown, the margins and suture narrowly paler; antennal
club black. Thorax obsoletely punctulate; elytra finely and rather sparsely
punctate. Length 1.7 mm.
Vigo, Posey, Crawford and Dubois counties; frequent. April
18-August 10.
1021la (——). RWYMBUS ULKEI GRANULATUS Var. nov.
Differs from ulkei in having the elytra densely granulate-punctate and
the pubescence a little more sparse. Tength 1.6 mm.
Lake County; rare. April 15.
1022 (3176). RuyMBUS MINOR Crotch loc. cit.
Smaller and less globose than ulkei. Uniform light reddish-brown
throughout. Length 1.38 mm.
Monrce, Dubois, Posey, Clark and Perry counties; searee. April
20-October 10. .
Ananorphus pusillus Zimm., pale reddish-brown, length 1-1.2
mm., has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
536 PAMILY XVII.—ENDOMYCHID.E,
II. Syaprores Redt. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘living together.’’)
Small, elongate-oval species. having the body pubescent with re-
cumbent hairs; antenne 11-jointed, first two joints thick, 3 to 8 sub-
equal, 9-11 forming a prominent club; thorax with a prominent
transverse basal impression, from which a narrow impression or
sulcus extends forward on each side nearly one-half the length of
thorax; elytra with punctures arranged irregularly or in rows;
sutural stria distinet. One species has been taken in Indiana.
1023 (——). Symplores puryI Walton MS.
Oblong-oval, subconyex. Uniferm dull brownish-yellow, sparsely pubes-
cent with bright yellow hairs. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides evenly
curved on apical two-thirds, parallel on basal third, apex truncate; disk
with an oblique carina on each side extending from middle to near hind
angle, this the outer boundary of the lateral sulcus extending forward from
the basal impression; margins reflexed but not flattened; surface finely and
evenly punctate. Elytra with sides nearly jmrallel to beyond middle, thence
narrowing to a rounded apex. margins distinctly reflexed; surface with
rows of very fine punctures. Length 2.2 mm.
One specimen in Woleott collection from near Battle Ground,
Tippecanoe County. July 4.
Ill. Ruanrs Lee. 1853. (Gr., ‘fa spot.’’)
Here belongs one narrow, elongate, nearly glabrous species, hav-
ing the last joint of the maxillary palpi evlindrical; prosternum
obsolete between the front coxa.
1024 (8178). Ritanis tnicotor Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844.
22:
Elongate, subparallel. Reddish-brown, shining; elytra usually black
with the shoulders often indistinctly and the apex very broadly, reddish ¢
sometimes uniform reddish-brown throughout. Upper surface rather finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 4-September 21. Some-
times found in autumn on the flowers of thoroughwort (Eupa-
torium) ; more often sifted from the debris of beech stumps.
IV. Prymaruora Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘tumor + bearing.’’)
Small elongate species having the prosternum narrow but dis-
tinct hetween the front ecoxxe; mesosternum bicarinate; antennal elub
of male yery large, perfoliate. its basal joint as large or lacger than
the head. (Fig. 4, No. 8.) One species ovcurs in the State.
THE ILANDSOME FUNGUS BEETLES. 537
1025 (8179) PryaaPHoRA PULCHELLA Newm., Entom. Ma.,
Vo USS. SS,
Ilongate-oblong. Thorax red with black spot on disk;
elytra reddish with two black crossbars, the front and
broader one near the middle, the other, less distinct, sub-
apical. Length 3.8 mm. (Fig. 199.) “
Posey County; searce. May 11. Oceurs usually on fig 199. x 4.
old beech logs. \ pale ees
Subfamily II. ENDOMYCHINAE.
The species of this subfamily are larger and broader than those
of the preceding group. though none of them exceed 6.5 mm. in
length. The following genera are known from the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ENDOMYCHINA.
a. Ligula oblong, rounded at tip; thorax black, elytra red, each with two
black spots. V. ENDOMYCHUS.
aa. Ligula transverse, emarginate or truncate; color not as above.
b. Prosternum not prolonged behind; front cox contiguous or nearly
so; thorax and elytra nearly uniform piceous black above.
VI. LYcopErRDINA.
bb. Prosternum prolonged behind, partly covering the mesosternum ; front
coxee separated.
ce. Prosternum narrow between the coxe; elytra in our species with
lengthwise stripes. VII. APHORISTA.
ec. Prosternum wide, margined; elytra without stripes, either uni-
colorous or with spots.
d. Thorax without an impressed submarginal line; body glabrous.
VIII. Mycrrina.
dd. Thorax with an impressed submarginal line; body pubescent.
IX. STENOTARSUS.
V. Enpomycuus Panz. 1795. (Gr.. ‘‘within + nook or corner.’’)
Antenne elongate. with a loose, not large club; sides of thorax
feebly sinuate. strongly but narrowly margined; longitudinal basal
impressions deep, the usual transverse line represented only by a
very fine basal margin; prosternum flat, spoon-
shaped, not margined. One species represents
the genus in North America.
*1026 (3198). ENpoMycHUS BIGUTTATUS Say, Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IV, 1824. 96;
ibid. II, 234. :
Oblong-eval. Head, antenne, thorax. legs and scu-
tellum black, shining; elytra red with two black spots
on each, the larger subapical, the smaller before the
Fig. 200.
middle. Length 3.54.2 mm. (Fig. 200.)
‘
538
CHID.F.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 8-November 14.
This and the next species hibernate, passing. the winter months be-
neath logs, rails and chunks, especially those deeply covered with
dead leaves in fence corners or along the margins of upland woods.
VI. Lycoprrpina Lat. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘a wolf+to break wind.’’)
Here belongs a single oblong species having the front coxe con-
tiguous; thorax subquadrate, feebly narrowed behind, its base with
a deep transverse line and a short longitudinal one each side, the
sides sinuate and margined; elytra convex, the suture very finely
margined; seutellum broad and semicircular.
*1027 (8181). LycoPpERDINA FERRUGINEA Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1824,
172.
Oblong-oval. Piceous-black, shining; antenne, head, legs and narrow
margins of thorax and elytra brownish-red. Length 4.5-5.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-December 28. Oc-
curs most abundantly inside the little round fungus Lycoperdon
pyriforme Scheeff., which grows on old logs, where it feeds upon the
spores. By squeezing the ball, the beetle, if present, can be readily
felt.
VII. Apnorista Gorh. 1873. (Gr., ‘‘to mark off by boundaries.’’)
Differs from Lycoperdina mainly by having the front coxe nar-
rowly separated, the prosternum being distinctly prolonged between
them. One species occurs in the State.
*1028 (3186). ApProrIsTa viTraTa Fab., Mant., I, 44.
Oblong-elongate. Brownish-red, shining; antenne
piceous, the terminal joint paler; thorax with an in-
distinct dusky spot each side of disk; elytra with a
common sutural stripe, and each with a shorter one
on side, black. Length 5.5-6.2 mm. (Fig. 201. )
\ handsome and rather common species; found
Fig. 201, 5. (Original. throughout the State. January 31-November 20.
VIII. Myceriva Muls. 1846. (Gr, ‘“fungus.’’)
In this genus the prosternum extends behind the coxa, but is
wider than in Aphorista and distinctly margined; thorax with deep
transverse impression near base from each end of which a length-
wise one extends forward to middle. One of the three North Ameri-
can species oceurs in Indiana.
THE HANDSOME FUNGUS BERTLES., 539
*1029 (3187). Mycerina PERPULCHRA Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 390.
Oblong. VPiceous-black. shining; thorax reddish-yellow, sometimes with
a blackish discoidal stripe; elytra each with two reddish-yellow spots, the
larger subhumeral, the other subapical. Male with front and hind tibie
angulate within. Length 4 mm.
Steuben, Hancock, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. May
17-December 3.
IX. Srenotarsvs Perty. 1831. (Gr., ‘‘narrow + tarsus.’’)
One species, listed as Jycetina testacea Zieg., but evidently be-
longing to this genus, has been taken in the State, while another may
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENOTARSUS.
a. Prosternum spoon-shaped and prolonged over the mesosternum; elytra
wholly dull yellow. . 10380. TESTACEUS.
ad. Prosternum dilated, not spoon-shaped, not prolonged over the mesoster-
num; disk of elytra usually black. HISPIDUS.
*1030 (3189). STENOTARSUS TESTACEUS Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1845, 272.
Elongate-oblong. Reddish-yellow, shining, sparsely pubescent with pros-
‘trate yellow hairs; head and sides of thorax often paler; club of antennee
piceous. Thorax subquadrate, widest before the middle; hind angles promi-
nent, somewhat prolonged and excurved; disk, as well as that of elytra,
finely and sparsely punctate. - Length 3.5-+ nm.
Starke, Vigo, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce, except lo-
cally. March 9-December 11. Occurs beneath logs in upland
sandy woods. In such a locality I found it on a number of occasions
in Vigo County, always beneath the same log and nowhere else.
When I first took it the log was so large that I had to use great exer-
tion to turn it part way over. Returning after ten years’ absence
I found the same log, reduced to a chunk, easily overturned by one
hand, and beneath it I took twenty or more of the heetles.
S. hispidus Terbst., length 44.5 mm.. is recorded from the
middle and southern States and has been taken near Cincinnati.
Family XVIII. EROTYLID UE.
Tuk PLeasine Fungus BErEties.
A family of moderate extent, comprising. for the most part.
beetles elongate or oval in form, and of medium or small size. Many
of them are very prettily bicolored, possessing a red thorax, with
black or black and red elytra, or the reverse. A number, however,
540 FAMILY XVILL.—-EROTYLIDZE.
are of one hne, The name is based upon the typical genus Hrolylus,
a Greek word meaning ‘friendly’? or “pleasing,’? probably in allu-
sion to the contrasted colors of many of the species. They occur for
the most part upon fleshy fungi growing upon logs or trees, though
the members of the genus Languria are found upon plants and are
more or less injurious in habit.
The Erotylids are most closely allied to the Endomychide and
differ mainly in having the tarsi 5-jointed, but with the fourth joint
usually very small, the first three more or less broad and pubescent
beneath. The thorax has not the deeply impressed sub-basal and
longitudinal lines so often seen in the Endomychide, and the form
is usually more elongate and more convex. They have the mentum
of variable form, its front margin bisinuate; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed, the fourth joint usually broadly triangular; antenne 11-
jointed, inserted at the sides of the front, on the inner front margin
of the eyes, the last three or four joints forming a distinct club;
head small, immersed in the thorax to the hind margin of the eyes;
thorax with side margins distinct ; front coxal cavities usually closed
(open in Languria), always separated by the prosternum; elytra
entire, covering the abdomen, the latter with five nearly equal seg-
ments; tarsi claws simple.
The larvee of but few species of the family are well known. That
of Languria mozardi, which bores into and feeds upon the stems of
clover, is elongate and subeylindrical, about 8 mm. in length, the
anal segment slightly narrower than the preceding. In color it is
light yellow, the mandibles and anal appendages brown. The larva
of acommon fungus feeding form, Tritoma humeralis, is moderately
elongate, nearly cylindrical but tapering to each end, the ninth seg-
ment bearing two short, erect, slightly recurved hooks. In color it is
nearly white, the head vellowish. When full fed it pupates beneath
the ground, the pupal stage lasting eight davs.
The principal literature treating of the North American species
of Erotylide is embodied in the following papers:
LeCoute.— ‘Synopsis of the Erotylide of the United States,’’ in
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VIT. 1854, 158-163.
Crotch.— ‘Synopsis of the Erotylidw of Boreal America,’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., TV, 1873, 349-358.
Wickham.— ‘The Endomychide and Erotylide of Ontario and
Quebee,’’ fv Can. Bnt.. NN VI, 1854, 337-339.
Scheffer —" Synoptic Table of Languria,’? in Journ, N.Y. Ent.
Soe., NIT, 1904, 198-200.
THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 541
Nearly 1,800 species of Erotylide are known, most of which are
exotic and tropical. Only about 50 species. distributed among two
tribes, are listed from North America. Of these 22. belonging to
seven genera, have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICAN EROTYLIDA.
a. Front coxal cavities open behind; epimera ef metathorax not distinct;
form very elongate. subcylindrical, the sides parallel; antennal club
gradually formed, 5- or (-jointed. Tribe I. DLANGURINI, p. 541.
aa, Front coxal cavities entire; epimera of metathorax separated from the
episterna by a distinct suture; form more robust, usually oval; an-
tennal club 3- or 4-jointed. more abruptly formed.
Tribe II. FERoryriny, p. 545.
Tribe I. LANGURINI.
This tribe is represented in North America by the single genus:
I. Lanxeurra Latr. 1802. (L., ‘a kind of lizard.’’)
Long. narrow insects. somewhat resembling certain click beetles
(Elateride) in form, and of shining black and red colors. They
occur upon the leaves and stems of plants. especially Wesadenia,
Lactuca and other genera of Composit#. and upon the flowers of
Umbellifere. Several of the snecies hibernate as imagoes and in
early spring are to be found beneath logs and stones. Fifteen are
known from the United States: of these six have been taken in In-
diana, while two others mav occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LANGURIA.
a. Abdomen in great part red.
b. Head red.
e, Antennal club distinctly 6-jointed; under side red, the last ventral
segment black; thorax red. usually with a black discoidal spot.
1031. BICOLOR.
ec. Antennal club 5-jointed; last three ventral segments black.
d. Thorax red, shining, without spot. 1032. MOZARDI.
dd. Thorax alutaceous, or with a greasy aspect, its disk with a large
elongate black blotch. DISCOIDEA,
bb. Head either entirely or in great part black.
e. Antenne wholly black.
f. Metasternum blue; epipeura and sides of elytra at middle red.
LO, = ANGUSTATA.
ff. Metasternum red; knees, tarsi and tips of tibiz black.
F var. UITLERI.
ec. Antennse in part reddish-yellow > elytra with a broad median red-
dish crossbar. 1054. TRIFASCIATA,
wa. Abdomen entirely black.
.
542 FAMILY XVIII.—EROTYLID.
g. Head black; thorax oblong, its sides nearly parallel, disk with a
large greenish-black spot. 1035. LECONTEI.
gg. Head more or less red; thorax elongate, distinctly narrowed behind
the middle, its disk with a greenish-black stripe. 1036. GRACILIS.
1031 (3199). LANGuURIA BICOLOR Fab., Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, 50.
Elongate. Head and thorax reddish, the latter with a black spot on
disk; scutellum and elytra bluish-black, shining; beneath reddish-yellow,
legs, last abdominal segment and antennie, black. Thorax quadrate, obso-
letely punctate, rather narrowed in front, the sides rounded. Elytral strie
not impressed but marked by rows of punctures. Length 8.5-12 mm.
Throughout the State; more frequent southward. May 1—June
25, Overs especially on the leaves of the pale Indian Plantain
(Mesadenca atriplicifolia L.) in the stems of which the larvee live.
#1IOS2 (3200). LANGuRIA MOZARDI Lat., Gen. Crust., ITI, 1807, 66.
Elongite, parallel. Head and
thorax red; elytra bluish-
black, shining; beneath red,
the last two or three abdomi-
nal segments, tarsi, antenne
and apical half of femora,
black. Head and thorax spar-
ingly punctate. Elytra punc-
tate as in bicolor. Length 5.5-
Smun. (Fig. 202.)
Throughout the State;
non X common. J anuary 1—No-
Be I ed pies cide ale oe" vember 8 Mates in Inne
and mav then be found es-
pecially on wild lettuce (Lactuca.) The larve, known as the
‘‘clover-stem borer,’’ live in the stems of clover and often do much
injury to that crop.
L. discoideu Vec., length 7-8 mm., is known from the southern
States and may occur in southern Indiana.
1083 (8204). LANGURIA ANGUSTATA Beauv., Ins. d@’Afr., 1805, 125.
Elongate, rather narrowed behind. Head, antenne and elytra bluish-
black, the latter narrowly reddish. near middle of sides; scutellum black;
thorax reddish-yellow ; beneath reddish-yellow, the last two abdominal seg-
ments, tarsi and tips of femora, black. Thorax sparingly and indistinctly
punctate, the base strongly margined. Elytra punctate as in bicolor.
Length 6-7.5 mm.
Marion, Orange and Posey counties; scarce. April 26—-October
6. Taken from flowers of Ranunculus and goldenrod. The speei-
mens at hand belong to the color variety uwhlerii Horn.
THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 543
10384 (32U4a). Lancurta tTrirascraTa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1828, 462; ibid. I, 86.
Elongate; the elytra tapering to an obtuse point. Head, basal and
apical thirds of elytra bluish-black ; thorax, a broad median band of elytra
and joints two to six inclusive of antenne, reddish-yellow; beneath as in
angustata. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 16-May 29. Usually
regarded as a variety of angustata. but in my opinion specifically
distinct. Occurs especially on the foliage of the wild lettuce, Lac-
luca canadensis L., but often found on flowers of buttercup (Ra-
nunculus).
1085 (8207). LANGURIA LECONTEI Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873,
351.
Elongate, parallel. Nearly uniform greenish-black ; th vax reddisb-yel-
low with a large greenish-black spot on center of disk. Mead and thorax
sparsely but distinctly punctate. Elytral punctures in rows, with a few
finer ones on intervals. Length 10.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. March 12. Described from Illinois.
1036 (3209). LANGURIA GRACILIS Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1835,
390.
Resembles Iccontci, but more narrow. Head. at least
in part, red; greenish-black mark on thorax extended into a
stripe reaching from base to apex. Varies with the thorax
entirely greenish-black. Length 8.7-10 mm. (Fig. 203.)
Southern half of state; frequent. May 21—October
28. Occurs on ragweed (Ambrosia), fleabane (Eri-
geron) and other low herbs from which it is taken DY 55, 993, 29.
sweeping. (After Wickham.)
Tribe IJ. EROTYLINI.
To this tribe. as defined in the key. belong the following genera
from Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EROTYLINI.
a. Tarsi distinctly 5-jointed. (Group Pacues.)
b. Tarsi narrow, not dilated; size small, not over 3.5 mm.
c. Form oval, the sides curved; elytra unicolored; antenne with 10th
and 11th joints united. II. Prcaosoma.
ec. Form oblong, the sides nearly parallel; elytra bicolored; antenne
distinctly 11-jointed. TIT. Dacne.
db. Tarsi dilated, spongy beneath; size larger, 5-20 inn.
IV. Meqarovacng,
aa. Tarsi apparently 4-jointed, the fourth joint very small, united with the
fifth.
[35—234021
044 FAMILY XVIII.—EROTYLIO®.
d. Last joint of palpi widely hatchet-shaped; thorax yellow with four
black spots; length 7-S mm. V. IscHyRus,
dd. Last joint of palpi oval or slightly triangular; thorax yellow or black,
rarely with two spots; length less than 6 mm.
c. Middle area of mentum large, transverse. VI. Mycorretts.
ee, Middle area of mentum small, triangular. VII. Triroma.
II. Pucosoma Woll. 1854.
This genus is represented in the eastern United States and In-
diana by a single very small brown snecies.
1087 (8212). Praosoma puencrata Lee... Trans. Amer, Ent. Soe., V. 1875.
171.
Oval, rather strongly convex. Uniform dark chestnut-brown ; antenne
and legs paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra distinctly but rather sparsely and irregularly punctate, and nar-
rowed to a rounded apex. Lengih 2 2.5 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State: ¢common. Tlibernates. April 9-
December 3. Gregarions in winter and carly spring beneath bark.
especially that of elm and willow.
WI. Dacnxg Latr. 1796. (Gr.. ‘bite or sting.’’)
This genus is represented in the United States by three small
species, one of whieh oecurs in Indiana.
1088 (3215). Dacne 4-Mactnara Say, Bost. Tourn. Nat. Iist., I, 1835, 169;
ibid. IT, 645. bad
Oblong, parallel. Black; elytra each with a round reddish-yellow spot
on humerus and another at apex; beneath piccous or dark reddish-brown,
the antenne, legs and clypeus paler. Head and thorax closely but sparsely
punctate; elytra with numerous rows of fine punctures. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.
Throughout the State, freauent in the southern counties; less so
northward. April 15-September 21. Oceurs in fungi.
IV. Meaanopacne Crotch, 1873. (Cr., “large + bite.’’)
Ilere helong the Jargest species of the family, handsome black
and yellow forms, having the fourth joint of tarsi smaller but dis-
tinct; last joint of palpi subevlindrical and the mentum triangular.
Three species are known from the United States, all of which occur
in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MEGALODACNE.
ad. Elytra without rows of punetures: length IS-21 ann. 1040, ITEROS.
aa. Elytra with rows of fine punctures,
THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. ato
b. Mead and thorax nearly smooth; elytra with black crossbars; length
12-15 mi. 1089. WASCIATA,
bb. Head and thorax very coarsely and distinctly punctured; elytra each
with four black spots; length less than 6 mm. 1041. ULKEI.
*1059 (3216). MercALoDACNE FASCIATA Fab., Ent. Syst., II, 1798, 511.
Oblong-ovate. Black, shining; elytra with two reddish crossbars, the
basal one irregular in form and enclosing three black spots, one small
round, near each humerus, the other large, quadrate behind the scutellum;
the subapical bar narrower and interrupted at suture. Thorax short, trans-
verse, very finely and obsoletely punciulate; sides straight, broadly mar-
gined; base with a punctured impression each side. Length 9-15 mm.
Throughout the State; common in fungi. February 14-Septem-
ber 21. Hibernates with the next in dry rotten wood beneath loose
bark. Gregarious at all seasons but especially so in winter.
*1040 (3217). MercGALoDACNE HEROS Say, Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1823,
196; ibid. II, 125.
Resembles fasciatu very closely in form and
color but much larger. Thorax longer with nar-
rower side margins and elytra without rows of
punctures. Black spot at scutellum smaller and
more nearly enclosed by the red basal crossbar.
Length 18-21. (Tig. 204.)
Frequent throughout the State. February
3-December 10. Much less common than
fasciata and seldom more than two or three
-found together.
Fig. 204. x 2. (Original.)
1041 (38218). MEGALODACNE ULKEI Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873,
353.
Elongate-oval, rather narrowed behind. Head and thorax black, shin-
ing; elytra brownish-red, each with four black spots, one near the humerus,
two before the middle, and one, the largest, subapical; beneath black, the
sides of abdomen reddish. Thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate, with a
smooth space before the scutellum; elytra with rows of fine but distinct
punctures. Front coxie widely separated, the prosternum forming a broad
triangle with distinct margins. Length 5-5.5 mm.
A prettily marked species of southern range, taken only in Jack-
son. Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 12-June 7. Oc-
eis in dense woods, especially on the fungus Polyporus cuticularis,
which is usually found on beech or hickory logs.
V. Iscuyrts Lac. 1542. (Gr., ‘‘robust.’’)
One medium sized species, having the antennal club 3-jointed
and the eyes coarsely granulate, represents this genus in Indiana.
546 PAMILY XVIIT.—EROTY LID,
*1042 (3219). IscHYRUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS Oliv., Enc, Meth. Ins., VI, 1808,
437.
Ovate, subelongate, convex. Llend black; thorax yel-
low, with four black dots in a row across the middle;
elytra yellow, with a large common scutellar spot, a
smaller one on humerus, a deeply dentate median band
and an oblong spot on each at apex, black; beneath black,
the sides of abdomen yellow. Head and thorax sparsely
and coarsely punctate; elytra with rows of distinct punc-
ne , * tures. Length 7-S mm. (Fig. 205.)
ie cog a Frequent throughout the State. J anuary 21-
(After Wickham.) December 8. Gregarious in winter, hibernating be-
neath bark and logs. In early spring often found at sap; in sum-
mer on fungi.
Zr
Y
VI. Mycorrerus Lac. 1842. (Gr., ‘‘fungus+to perforate.’’)
Small oval, red or black insects, having the last joint of palpi
oval, antenne abruptly 3-jointed and eyes finely granulated. Two
species are known from Indiana, while a third may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCOTRETUS.,
a. Thorax black; elytra wholly or in great part dull red.
b. Klytra and scutellum wholly dull red. 1043. SANGUINIPENNIS.
bb. Elytra partly black; scutellum black. 1044. PULCHRA.
aa. Thorax reddish-yellow with two black spots; elytra wholly black.
DISSIMULATOR.
1043 (8222). MycoTRETUS SANGUINIPENNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IV, 1825, 89; ibid. IT, 229.
Broadly ovate. Head and thorax black, shining; scutellum and elytra
pale red; beneath black, abdomen red. Head and thorax finely and sparsely
punctured, the latter more coarsely near base, which is sinuate each side.
Elytral strise with deep, rather close punctures; intervals finely but dis-
tinetly punctate. Length 44.5 mm.
Frequent in southern half of State; less so in the northern coun-
ties. April 25-October 20, Oveurs most commonly on fleshy fungi.
1044 (3223). Mycorretts putcHRA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. V.
1826, 301; ibid. II, 345.
Ovate. Head, thorax and scutellum black; elytra red with the apical
third obliquely black, the biack space extending on side nearly to humerus.
Surface punctate as in the preceding, but the punctures of elytral strive
finer. Length 3.5 mm.
Marion, Vigo, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. April 9-
June 19.
VM. dissimaulator Crotch, length 4.5 mm., was described from
Illinois.
TILE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 547
VII. Trrroma Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘‘three + joint.’’)
Small oval or oblong species, black or red and black in color,
having the antennal club 3- or 4-jointed, the last joint of maxillary
palpi broadly dilated and the middle area of mentum small and
triangular. Some of the species are to be found by hundreds ‘in
fungi during the summer and autumn, having resorted thereto to
deposit their eggs, which hatch into maggot-like larve which feed
upcn the juices of the fungi. About 15 species are known from the
United States, eight of which have been taken in Indiana, while two
others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRITOMA.
a. Elytra more or less red.
b. Red of elytra limited to spots on humerus.
c. Under side piceous-black, the apex of last segment alone pale.
1045. HUMERALIS.
ee. Under side entirely pale. 1046. BIGUTTATA.
bb. Elytra nearly entirely red or with broad central reddish-yellow band.
d. Form oval; elytra red with outer margins black.
1047. MIMETICA.
dd. Form oblong; elytra with broad central band of reddish-yellow.
1048. FESTIVA.
ad. Elytra wholly black.
ce. Head and thorax of same color as elytra.
f. Ieneath piceous, the legs and palpi brownish-yellow,
: 1049. ANGULATA.
ff. Beneath black, the tarsi and palpi piceous. 1050. UNICOLOR.
ee. Head or thorax or both, paler than elytra.
g. Head reddish-yellow, thorax and elytra concolorous.
ERYTHROCEPHALA.
gg. Head and thorax both yellow.
h. Body beneath reddish-yellow.
i. Antenne entirely black; elytral intervals obsoletely punctulate.
MACRA.
ii. Antenne black, red at base; elytral intervals sparsely but dis-
tinctly punctate. 1051. THORACICA.
hh. Body black beneath. 1052. FLAVICOLLIS.
1045 (3225). TriroMa HUMERALIS Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 571.
Broadly oval. Black; antenne, legs and a subquad-
rate spot near the humerus of each elytron, reddish-yel-
low. Head and thorax distinctly and rather closely punc-
tate. Elytra with rows of fine punctures, the intervals
very obsoletely punctulate. Length 34 mm. (Fig. 206.)
Southern half of State; frequent. Not yet taken
: : : 3 Fig. 206. x 43.
in the northern counties. April 22-September 29. (After Wicktant)
H48 PAMILY XVI1.— EROTYLIDA.
*1046 (3226). TrRrromA BiguTTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV,
1825, SO; ibid. II, 220.
Resembles humeratis, bat more narrowly oval. Entirely pale beneath
and with the reddish-yellow spot of elytra larger, triangular, reaching near-
ly from scutellum to humerus. LElytra more deeply striate, the punctures
of intervals more distinct, especially at base. Length 3-4 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties; common locally
on decaying ulgaricus. Uibernates. March 9-December 25.
1047 (8227). TRivoma MIMETICA Crotch, Trans, Amer. Wnt. Soc., IV, 1873,
355.
Rather broadly ovate. Head, thorax and club of antenne black; elytra
pale red, with the outer margins nearly to humeral angle and apex, black;
beneath black, legs, sides of abdomen and sternum, reddish. Head and tho-
rax finely but distinetly punctate. FElytra striate with rows of fine punc-
tures; intervils rather thickly and finely punctulate. Length 44.3 mm.
Vigo, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 18—October 11.
Resembles Wiycotretus pulchra but readily distinguished by the
larger size and red sentellum.
*IOAS (3234). Triroma Festiva Lac. Monog. des Erot., 1842, 208.
Hlongate-oblong, subconvex. Black; thorax, scutellum and a broad
median baud.on elytra reddish-yellow; antennz black; beneath reddish-
yellow. Head and thorax sparsely but distinctly punctured. Elytra with
rows of rather deep punctures which do not extend onto the humeral re-
gion. Length 5-3 mm.
A handsome and well marked species of southern range, taken
only in Marion, Vigo and Knox counties: searee. April 18—Decem-
ber 10. Hibernates.
1049 (3230). TRriroma ANGULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
300; ibid. II, 345.
Rather narrowly ovate, convex. JIfend dark piceous-red; thorax and
elytra uniform black; beneath piceous, the legs, antennze and palpi brown-
ish-yellow. Tend and thorax finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra
with rows of fine, close punctures; intervals finely ind sparingly punctu-
late. Length 3-4 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. Taken on devaving fleshy
fungi (Boleti). July 2-July 29.
*1050 (8231). Trirowa UNicoLor Say, loc. cit.
Broadly ovate. Entirely black, somewhat shining. Head closely, tho-
rax more coarsely and deeply. punctate. EKlytra with rows of distinct punc-
tures which become finer tow:rd the tips; intervals smooth. Length 4-5 mm.
Frequent throughout the State. March 7—October 9. Probably
hibernates, Occnrs beneath logs in early spring; in fleshy fungi in
summer.
THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 549
T. erythrocephala Lac., length 3.5-4 mm.. is known from near
Washington, D. €.. Georgia and Missouri. while T. macra Lec..
length 5.5 mm., has been recorded from Illinois and near Cincinnati,
Ohio.
1051 (3236). Triroma THorAcIcA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IV
1825. $9: ibid. 11, 229.
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax yellow; elytra and
apical half of antennze black; beneath reddish-yellow.
Head und thorax distinctly and closely punctate. the lat-
ter with the sides rounded and somewhat narrowed in
front. Elytral striw scarcely impressed. finely punctured :
intervals sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 3.5-
Sinn. (Fig. 207.)
Comimen on fleshy firiei and beneath bark. in
southern half of State: Jess so in the northern coun-
. Fig. 207. * 54.
ties. March 12-September 21. oe da
1052 (3239). Trirroma FLAVICOLLIS Lac... Monog. des Erotyl. 1842, 218.
Ollong-ovate. Head. thorax, antenme and legs yellow: antennal club.
elytra and body beneath black. Head and thorax distinctly and rather
closely punctate. Elytral strive finely. the intervals spursely and obsoletely.
punctate. Length 3-4 mm.
Southern half of State, common; not neted in the northern coun-
ties. April 12-Octoher 9.
Family XIX. COLYDIID.E.
Tue Cynuixprican Bark BEEries.
This family includes a limited number of small beetles of an
elongate or cylindrical form. which live beneath the bark of trees.
in fungi or in the ground. They are closely allied to the Cucujidx
and hy Casey have been included as one of nive subfamilies of that
family.*
From their near allies they mav be known by the following cum-
bination of characters: antenne 10- or 11-jointed, rarely 8-jointed.
inserted under the margin of the front. sometimes gradually thick-
ened, but usually terminated by a small one- or two-jointed club;
elytra entire. always covering the abdomen; front coxal cavities
either open or closed behind, the cox small, globular; hind coxe
transverse. not prominent; abdomen with five ventral segments. the
first three or four grown together ; legs short. tibiw not dilated; tarsi
four-jointed, claws simple. The small globular front and middle
coxe, the four-jointed tarsi and the entire elytra. form a trio of
characters which readily distinguish the group.
sAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sei., V, 1890, 496.
550 PAMILY XIX.—COLYDIID®.
In habits the Colydiidw are in part carnivorous, as the larve of
certain genera are known to feed upon those of other small, wood-
boring forms. About 600 species are known, 70 of which are from
North America. These are divided among numerous tribes and
genera, many of the latter containing but a single species. The only
paper which treats of the family as a whole is by
Horn-—‘Synopsis cf the Colydiidw of the U 8.,’? am Proc.
Amer. Phil. Soc., XV11, 1878, 555-592.
Other short papers by Casey on isolated species have appeared
in the Annals of the N. Y. Academy of Science. Fourteen species
of the family, distributed among 11 genera, have been taken in
Indiana. Several other genera are doubtless represented in the
State, and are included in the generic keys which follow -
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF COLYDIID.E.
a. Antenne inserted under a distinct froutal ridge; front coxe distant
from the mesosternum.
b. Last joint of palpi not needle-shaped.
c. Front coxee slightly separated.
d. Wirst joint of tarsi short; form clongate or oval.
Tribe I. SyNecn1rint, p. 550,
dd. First joint of tarsi longer than the second; form cylindrical.
Tribe II. Corypirni, p. 553.
cc. Front coxie widely separated; form elongate, subdepressed.
e. Antenne arising under a frontal margin; first ventral segment
not elongate; trochanters free.
Tribe III. PyYcNoMERINtI, p. 595.
ec. Antenne free at base; first ventral segment elongate; trochanters
closely united to the femora.
Tribe IV. BoririperINt, p. 556.
bb. Last joint of palpi needle-shaped; antennie free at base; form short,
oval, depressed. Tribe VY. CERYLONINI, p. 557.
aa. Antenne inserted on the front; front coxie inclosed behind by the meso-
sternuin. Tribe Vl.) Murarptrnt, p. 557.
Tribe I. SYNCHITINI.
Elongate or oval species having the surface often ribbed and
more or less bristly; tarsi short, the first three joints subequal and
together not longer than fourth. The following genera are known
to he or should be represented in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SYNCIIITINI.
a Front coxal cavities open behind.
b. Antenniw 10-jointed, club solid.
ec. Head beneath without antennal grooves. TI. SyNcHITA
THE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES, ool
cc. Head with distinct grooves. Tl. Evcrcones.
bb. Anteuns 11-jointed, club 2-jointed.
d. WIead without antennal greoves. Ill. Diroma.
dd. Head with distinct untennal grooves; tibiz with terminal spurs.
ISUDESMA.
aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind.
d. Antenie with a fwo-jointed club; tibize without spurs.
ITV.) CoxEnes,
ee, Antenne with a 3-jointed club; tibise witih small spurs.
LASCONOTUS.
TI. Synenira Hellw. 1792. (Cr. “together + skin or cover.’’)
Antenne 10-jointed, terminating in an abruptly larger club
joint. which is smooth at base and pubescent at tip; first three
joints of tarsi very short, together but little longer than half the
fourth. Of the seven known species, two have been taken in Indi-
ana, while two others should occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SYNCHITA.
a. Elytra with fine costie: thorax with an elevated line each side.
. LATICOLLIS.
aa, Elytra not costate.
b. Klytra variegated with paler markings. Hit. PARVTLA,
bb. Elytra uniculorcus.
ec. Thorax with a tine subapical impressed line, its disk finely granu-
late; length 2.5 mm. FULIGINOSA.
ce, Thorax without impressed line, its disk coarsely granulate; length
4mm. 1054. GRANULATA.
NS. laticollis Tee., piceous. elytra with humeri and a spot near
apex reddish, Iength 2 mm., is a southern form which has been
recorded from Cincinnati.
1053 (3247). SyNcriTA PARVULA Guer., Icon. Regn. Ins., 1830, 159.
Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous brown; elytra variegated with paler
crossbars. Thorax wider than long. sides feebly curved, margin finely ser-
rulate, base slightly wider than apex. surface granulate. Elytra with rows
of rather small, close-set punctures; intervals granulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. December 8. Taken from dry fungi on
a dead beech tree.
SN. fuliginosa Melsh., rusty red-brown, antennx, under surface
and legs paler, is also known from near Cincinnati. :
1054 (3249). SyNxcrmTa GRANULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V.
1826, 266; ibid. II, 326.
Oblong, parallel, moderately convex. Uniform dull reddish-brown, sub-
opaque. Third joint of antennw as-long as the three following together.
Thorax wider than long, sides feebly curved, margin distinctly serrate, base
502 FAMILY XIN.—COLYDIID.".
slightly narrower than apex. Elytra coarsely granulate with traces of
strive between the rows of granules; sparsely pubescent on the sides. Length
4 min.
Posey County; rare. April 12. Taken beneath bark of honey
locust. Occurs from Missouri to Pennsylvania and Georgia.
TI. Eveicones Sharp. 1894. (Gr., ‘beautiful + Cicones.’’)
Differs from Nynuchita only in possessing distinct, deep antennal
grooves along the lower margins of the eyes. One species is known
from the State.
1055 (3251). BEtcicoNes MARGINALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1844, 112.
Oblong-oval, depressed. VPiceous, opaque; antennie, legs and margin of
thorax reddish-brown ; elytra each with three or four small spots and a nar-
row undulate crossbar at apical third, also reddish-brown. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, sides curved; margins wide and fiat, edges
finely serrate; disk granulate and finely pubescent. Elytra with indistinct
rows of punctures: intervals flat, with two irregular rows of punctures,
each puncture bearing a short, semi-ereet bristly hair. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
Marion-and Monrce counties; scaree, March 23-June 9. Taken
from beneath the bark of old maple and beech sfimps.
TT. Dirowa HI. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘two + joint.’’)
Oblong flattened beetles having the antenne 11-jointed, inserted
under the margin of the front, the last two joints forming an abrupt
club. Eyes rather large and convex, coarsely granulated. One of
the six known North American species has been taken in Indiana,
while another is herewith described for the first time.
1056 (8254). Drroma QUADRIGUTTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
S26, 266; ibid. 11, 326.
Oblong-clongate, depressed. Blackish-brown, subopaque; elytra each
with three dull reddish spots; one oblique, elongate, extending from humerus
to suture, a round one behind middle and a smaller subsutural one near
apex; antennie and legs reddish-brown. Thorax broader than long, sides
nearly straight, disk finely granulate and with feur elevated lines, each
curved inwards in front, the two median ones united, forming an arch.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, each with four discal ridges, the broader
intervals with two rows of coarse punctures. Length 2.5-3 min.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9June 5. Ovenrs be-
neath bark and logs.
1057 (——). DITOMA GRANULATYA sp. noy.
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Uniform piceous brown; antennme and
margins of (horax reddish-brown, Ninth joint of antenne not wider than
THE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES. 593
eighth. Thorax one-third broader than long. sides feebly curved. front
angles prominent, hind ones rounded; margins flattened. finely crenate:
disk coarsely and roughly granulate and with four raised lines. the outer
cone on each side curving arcund the apex, the inner ones joined to the
curve but not to each other, the interval between them wider than in quad-
riguttata. Elytra not wider than thorax, each with four discal ridges, in-
tervals not punctate but each with two vr three rows of small oblong gran-
ules. Length 3.4 min.
Marion County: rare. Mav 29. Described from a single spevi-
men taken by H. Morrison from beneath bark. Broader than quad-
riguttata, elytra not marked with red as there, and with the in-
tervals granulate instead of coarsely punctured.
D. quadricollis Horn, narrower than quadriguttata, dark lrown,
length 2.5 mm.. is listed by Dury from Cincinnati.
Eudexsma undulata Melsh., elongate. subevlindrical, piceous.
length 5 mm.. has also been taken by Dury. who found them running
up and down and burrowing in the bark of a buckeye log.
IV. Coxeirvs Latr. 1829. (L.. ‘coxa.’’)
Antenne as in Ditoma but received in grooves beneath the eyes:
front coxal cavities clesed behind. One species occurs in Indiana.
*105S8 (3261). CoxELts GuTTULAIUS Lec.. New Spec. N. Amer. Col, 1863, 65.
Elongate-cblong. subeonvex. Piceous-black; antenne, legs and margins
of thorax and elytra dull reddish-brown. Thorax twice as wide as long.
-apex deeply emarginate. front angles prominent; sides broadly curved:
margins wide and flat. edges finely serrulate; surface coarsely granulate.
Elytra with rews of coarse granules. and each also with spots of coarse
gray pubescence forming an interrupted sinuous band near middle and an-
other subapical. Length 4-5 min.
Southern half of State: frequent. February 10-November 19.
Occurs on dry fungi and beneath close fitting bark of heech. maple
and other trees.
Lasconotus borealis Horn. thorax wider than long. elytra equally
costate. piceous. length 2.5-3 mm.. is known from Michigan, while
L. pusillus Lee.. thorax longer than wide. elytra broadly channeled.
fifth interval strongly elevated. color and size the same. has been
recorded from Cincinnati.
Tribe I]. COLYDIINI.
Elongate. evlindrical beetles having the head horizontal; an-
tenn capitate, retractile; front coxal cavities narrowly closed be-
hind: first joint of tarsi as long or longer than the next two to-
gether. the three longer than the fourth. They occur heneath bark.
Two venera are represented in the State,
nd54+ FAMILY XIX.—COLYDIIDA:.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COLYDIINI.
a. Front tibize finely denticulate at outer apical angle; form rather robust.
Vv. AULONIUM.
ada. Front tibia with outer apical angle prolonged; form very slender.
VI. CoLypium.
V. Avutontum Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘pipe or channel.’’)
Antenne 11-jointed, the last three joints forming a rather loose
club; inserted in front of the eyes, which are emarginate in front
by the sides of the clypeus; hind cox separated by a triangular,
acute abdominal process. Two of the four known species oceur in
Indiana.
1059 (3272). AULONIUM PARALLELOPIPEDUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., V, 1826, 263; ibid. II, 32-4.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous-black, rather shining; legs and an-
tenne reddish-brown. Head with two, often indistinct, tubercles on vertex.
Thorax quadrate, the disk with a raised line on each side which curves
and unites on front margin, and two obtuse tubercles in front of middle;
sides feebly curved, surface finely punctate; hind angles rectangular. Ely-
tra slightly wider than thorax, with rows of rather fine, close set punc-
tures. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. Not vet noted in northern
counties. Probably hibernates. March 17—-November 22. Occurs
beneath bark.
1060 (8274). AULONIUM TUBERCULATUM Lee, New Spec. N. Am. Col.,
1863, G67.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, rather shining, the apical
half of elytra piceous. Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight,
hind angles obtuse; disk with two raised lines on each side. one of which
is near the margin, surface finely and sparsely punctate, the male with two
tubercles near front margin. Elytra not wider than thorax, the rows of
punctures very fine. Length 5.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 6-Oetober 13. Known from the
State by two specimens taken from beneath the bark of the north-
ern scrub pine, Pinus divaricata Ait.
VI. Conyprum Fab. 1792. (Gr. ‘‘sheath.’’)
This genus is represented in the United States and Indiana by
the single species:
THE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES, de
1061 (3276). Coxyptux LENEOLA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
264; ibid. II, 324.
Elongate, cylindrical, slender. Piceous black, moderately
shining, legs and antennie paler. Thorax much longer than
wide, the disk with a deep impressed line at center and an-
other abbreviated one on each side, surface rather coarsely
punctured. Elytra not wider than thorax, each alternate in-
terval finely ribbed, the interspaces with two rows of punc-
tures. Length 4-65 mm. (Fig. 208.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-October
23. Occurs especially beneath bark of linden and locust Pee:
: Fig. 208. x 64.
logs. (Original.)
Tribe II]. PYCNOMERINI.
Elongate, somewhat flattened species, covered with coarse punc-
tures and having the elytra marked with rows of very large punc-
tures; hind coxe small, oval. widely separated; first joint of tarsi
longer than either of the next two, the third longer than fourth.
Two genera are known.
KEY TO GENERA OF PYCNOMERINI.
a, Antenne 11-jointed, the club 2-jointed. VII. DPENTHELISPA.
aa, Antenne 10-jointed, the club composed of a single joint.
VIII. Py NomMervs.
VII. PentuHepisp, Pase. 1801. (Gr., ““sorrow + smocth.’’)
Two species belong here, both of which may occur in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PENTHELISPA.
a. Thorax slightly wider than long, not narrowed behind; hind angles
prominent. HEMATODES.
aa. Thorax longer than wide, slightly narrowed behind; hind angles not
prominent. 1062. REFLEXA.
P hematodes Fab., brownish, shining, length 3.5 mm., is said to
occur rarely from Pennsylvania to Texas.
1062 (3285). PENTHELISPA REFLEXA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V,
1826, 262; ibid. II, 322.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Antenne stout,
shorter than thorax, the latter with disk deeply and coarsely punctured.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, disk flattened, deeply and broadly striate,
the strie coarsely and closely punctured; intervals very narrow. Length
+5 mm.
Marion. Perry and Posey counties; scarce. May 13-November
28. Oceurs on trunks of dead locust.
556 FAMILY XIX.—COLYDIID.E.
VITI. Pycnomerus Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘close + joint.”’)
In this genus the eleventh joint of the antenne is closely united
to the tenth, so that the club is solid and apparently one-jointed.
It is represented in the United States by the single species:
1063 (8286). PycNoMERUS SULCICOLLIS Lec., N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., 1863, 69.
Elongate, subconvex. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining. Tho-
rax slightly longer than wide, base very little narrower than apex, disk
with two broad grooves at middle which do not reach the apex or base,
margin slightly reflexed, surface sparsely punctate. Wlytra slightly wider
than thorax, the stris with coarse, decp, elongate punctures. Length 5-
Sune WE
Putnam County; scarce. June 29,
Tribe IV. BOTHRIDERINI.
Somewhat flattened, oblong cr elongate beetles, having the an-
tenn short, 11-jointed, received in oblique antennal grooves, club
2-jointed ; all the cox:e widely separated; first ventral segment elon-
gate; first joint of tarsi longer than either the second or third.
Both genera are probably represented in the State.
KEY TO GENERA OF BOTHRIDERINI.
a. Head horizontal or nearly so; front coxze very narrowly enclosed be-
hind ; outer apical angle of tibize not prolonged. IX. BOorHRIDERES.
aa. Head deflexed; front coxze very distinctly closed; outer apical angle of
tibie prolonged. HROTYLATHRIS.
IX. Boruriperes Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘fa small trench +neek.’’)
One of the two known species occurs in Indiana.
*1064 (3287). Borurineres GeEMINATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,
V, 1826, 262; ibid. II, 323.
Oblong, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, moderately
shining, sparsely pubescent. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed behind,
apex feebly emarginate ; sides slightly curved with a small tubercle on mid-
dle of margin; disk vaguely concave, coarsely and rather densely punc-
tured. Elytra slightly broader than thorax, striate, the strirm finely punc-
tured; intervals alternately wider with a single row of punctures, the nar-
rower ones smwoth. Length 3—1.5 mim.
Southern half of State; frequent. February 25-November 24.
Occurs beneath bark, usually that of living hickory, maple and other
trees.
Erotylathris craratus Melsh., oblong, black, opaque, length 4-6.5
mm,, is a southern form which has been taken at Cincinnati. Dury
finds it beneath the bark of dead elm,
‘Lot
“ot
=I
THE CYLINDRICAL BARK DEALS,
Tribe V2 CERYLONINI.
Small vblong or oval flattened beetles having the last joint of
palpi small and pointed. next to last thick, oval: middle and hind
coxe widely. separated; first ventral segment as long as the three
following; first three joints of tarsi short. together shorter than
fourth. Two genera are represented in Indiana, each by a single
species,
KEY TO GENERA OF CERYLUNINI.
a. Antenne 10-jointed. club composed of a single joint; front coxal cavi-
ties closed behind ; tibiz with small terminal spurs. XX. CERYLON,
aa, Antenne 11-jointed. club 2-jointed; front coxal cavities open behind;
tibice without terminal spurs. XI. PHILOTHERMUS.
X. Ceryrton Latr. 1802. (Gr., the name of a bird.)
Head small. deeply inserted: front coxw widely separated, pro-
sternum broad.
*1000 (5290). CPRYLOXN GASTANECAL But. Jdonin. PHIL Acad. Nat Bel. V,
1826, 259 2 ibids T1, 321,
Oblong-elongate, depressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining.
Thorax nearly square, hind angles rectangular, disk with a slight impres-
sign on each side at hase, rather coarsely but not densely punctured. Ely-
tra scarcely wider than thorax, surface striate, the striz punctured. Length
2-3 mm.
Frequent in the seuthern half of State; less so in the northern
counties. March 25—-December 28. Occurs in winter on the under
side of deeply buried logs. and also then and at other seasons be-
neath bark of elm and other trees.
NI. PHiLotHeruts Aubé. 1858. (Gr.. ‘‘love + heat."’)
=1066 (4201). POTLOTHERMUs GLaBRIctLUs Lee... N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.
1863, 69.
Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining.
Thorax broader than Isng. broadest at base; sides regularly curved from
apex to base. margin distinctly reflexed; disk sparsely and finely punctate.
Elytra not wider than thorax. with rows of rather coarse punctures which
are less distinct tuward apex. Length 2-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 12—December 25. Oc-
curs beneath bark and rarely beneath stones.
Tribe VI. MURMIDIINI.
The principal distinctive characters of this tribe, in addition
to those given in the key, are the very small oval body. the 10-jointed
558 FAMILY XX.-—RHYSSODID2.
antenne, usually received in a cavity at the apical angle of the tho-
rax, and the widely separated coxa. Five genera are recognized by
Casey.* While no member of the tribe has as yet been noted from
Indiana, two of the genera, each of which contains a single species,
may be represented in the State.
KEY LO INDIANA GENERA OF MURMIDIINI.
«. Antennal cuvities visible from above; prosternal lobe large, completely
concealing the labrum and mouth parts in repose; legs strongly re-
tractile. MurmMipIvs.
aa. Antennal cavities visible in front, but not from above; prosternal lobe
truncate, not concealing the mouth parts; legs free. MycHOCERUS.
Murmidius ovalis Beck., brownish, shining, elytra with rows of
distant punctures, length 1.3 mm., is widely dispersed by commerce.
Mychocerus depressus Lec., reddish-brown, depressed, length 1
mm., is a rare southern species which has been taken near Cincin-
nati.
Family XX. RHYSSODID.
Tur WRINKLED Bark BEETLES.
This family comprises only four North American species, two
from each side of the continent. The name of the family is founded
upon that of the typical genus Rhyssodes, meaning ‘‘wrinkled-
form,’’ and doubtless refers to the deep grooves of head and thorax.
They are narrow, elongate, somewhat flattened brown beetles having
the head strongly constricted behind into a neck, and furrowed by
two deep grooves; antennee composed of 11 nearly equal rounded
joints (Fig. 4, No. 12), inserted under the frontal margin; thorax
long, deeply grooved; scutellum wanting; elytra rounded at tip,
covering the abdomen; front coxal cavities widely separated, closed
behind; abdomen with six ventral segments, the first broadly trian-
gular, widely separating the coxe; legs short, the front tibie ter-
minated by two hooks; tarsi 5-jointed, very slightly pubescent be-
neath.
The principal paper treating of the family is the following:
LeConte.—‘‘*Notes on the Rhyssodide of the U. S.,”’ in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1875, 162-168.
The two species of the Atlantic slope both occur in Indiana.
living under bark of decaying logs. They belong to different
genera, separated as follows:
*Ann, N. Y, Acad, Sei, VITT, 1895, 451,
THE WRINKLED BARK BEETLES. 599
KEY TO GENERA OF RITYSSODID.E,
da. Elytra not grooved, but with distinct rows of punctures.
I. RHyYSSODES.
aa. Blytra deeply grooved, without punctures. II. CLinipium.
I. Ruyssoprs Dalman. 1825. (Gr., ‘“‘wrinkled + form.’’)
In this genus the thorax has three decp, entire grooves and one
finer line on cach side. The eves are rounded, distinctly granu-
lated and situated on the sides of the head; the middle and hind
tibie have one terminal spur.
*1067 (8295). RHYSSODES AMERICANUS Lap., Silberm. Rev., [V, 1836, 58.
Elongate, narrow. Uniform dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing. Thorax one-half longer than wide, broadly rounded on
the sides; furrows very deep, the two outer ones dilated be-
hind. Elytral stris composed of large punctures, the inner
ones rather deeply impressed. Front femora of male armed
with a distinet tooth. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Tig. 209.)
Frequent throughout the southern half of the
State; Jess so in the northern counties. April 14—-De-
cember 18. Both this species and the next hibernate
singly or in small eclonies beneath the close fitting
Fig, 209. x 43.
bark of beech, oak and elm logs, rarely beneath mul- ~ “Criginal.)
lein leaves. One of these colonies containing 18 specimens was
noted on November 23, beneath the bark of an elm log. This is the
species usually called eraretus Serv., which name was preoceupied.
II. Curmiprum Kirby. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘a slope + httle.’’)
In addition to the deeply grooved elytra devoid of punctures,
this genus may be known by the thorax having one entire dorsal
line, two short, deep basal impressions and a double line on each
side; eyes narrow, scarcely granulated, confined to the upper side
of the head; middle and Hind tibix, with two terminal spurs.
#1068 (3297). CLINIDIUM scULPITLE Newm., Nat. Hist., 1838, 666.
Form and color as in R. americanus. Thorax oblong, nearly twice as
long as wide, sides broadly rounded. Elytra with the intervals narrower
than the deep intervening grooves. Front thighs of male distinctly toothed.
Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-November 8
Mating on April 9.
[3G-—23402]
AGO FAMILY XXf£—CUCUJILE.
Family XNI. CUCUJID_E.
Tue Frat Bark Brees.
The Cucujide constitute a small family of very depressed elon-
gate beetles. As My. Dury has well said: ‘‘The members of the
family are striking examples of form. modified for an existence
under the loose. elo~e-lyinge bark of trees, enabling them to squeeze
into crevices. where they find food for their larva. and which the
eternally vigilant ant cannot penetrate.’”’ The name “*Cucujus”
is of South American origin. and its meaning is not certain. It is
said to be applied by the natives to a luminous snapping beetle
(Elater noctilucus L.. of Brazil and adjoining countries.
From allied families the Cucujide may be distinguished by
having the antennz 11-jointed. inserted at the margin of the front.
sometimes long and slender. sometimes with the outer joints slightly
enlarged: sentellum distinct; elytra rounded at tip and covering
the abdomen, usually flat and strongly margined: front coxal cavi-
ties widely separated. n-ually closed behind. though open in some
subfamilies. the cox rounded or subglobular. not prominent:
middle cox# small. subtriangular, not prominent: hind coxe nearly
eontignous, transverse: abdomen with five free ventral segments.
equal in length: legs rather short. femora large; tibie slender, ter-
minated by two spurs.
The larve of the Cucujide, as far as known, are flattened grubs
with distinct antenne and s-veral simple eves. the terminal seg-
ment ending in hooks or tubercles. Like the mature beetles they
live under bark, and some of them are carnivorous. feeding upon
mites. podurids and small larve of wood-boring beetles. so that in
general they may be regarded as beneficial. However. two of the
beetles. STevanus surinamensis, and Cathartus advena, infest stored
grain. dried fruits and other stores. and are therefore often quite
injurious.
The principal literature treatine of the North American forms
is as follows:
LeConte — "Revision of the Cueniides of the United States.”
in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. sei. VIL. 1.54. 73-79
Casey — "Revision of the Cnenjyide cf America North of
Mexieo.”° sn Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. NT, 1854, 69-112,
Wickham.— The Cueujide of Ontario and (mebece."* in Can.
Ent, ANVIL, 1S !iy 25-28.
THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 561
Almost £00 species of the family are known, about 60 of which,
distributed among 17 genera. are from the United States. These
are divided among five subfamilies, four of which are represented
in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF CUCUJID.E.
a. Front coxal cavities closed behind.
bv. Tarsi not lobed beneath, the fourth joint small; antenne with dis-
tinct club, their third joint never longer, usually shorter than the
second. Subfamily I, Srivanrn-r, p. 561.
ob. Tarsi with the third joint lobed beneath; fourth tarsal joint very
small; antenne long and slender, filiform; last joint of maxillary
palpi in our species large, hatehet-shaped.
Subfamily IV. TEeLerHAnin.e, p. 569,
aa. Front coxal cavities open behind; antenne usually without club; the
third joint longer than second (except in some Laimophimus).
ce. Maxille concealed by horny plates which extend out from the sides
of the mouth: thorax as long or longer than broad.
Subfamily II. PassaNDRIN-E, p. 564.
ec, Maxillee not concealed. Subfamily III. Cuetvsine, p. 565.
Subfamily J. SILVANINAE,
Elongate, depressed brownish forms, less than 5 mim. in length,
having the tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes; the maxillie exposed. Three
genera occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SILVANIN.E,
a, Club of antenne formed by abrupt enlargement of last three joints;
form very slender; length less than 8 min.
vb. The three joints of the club subequal, I. SInvants.
bb. The middle joint of the club slightly larger than either of the other
two. ; II. CATHARTUS.
aa. Club formed by gradual enlargement of the joints; form broader;
length 3.5-5 min. III. NavsiBivs.
I. Stnvanus Lat. 1807. (i., ‘‘pertaining to a wood or forest.’’
p
Small oblong or elongated species having the head subyuadrate,
last joint of palpi obeonical; antenne with joints one and two
larger, three to seven smaller, subequal; eighth smallest; nine to
eleven forming an abrupt loose club. Elytra with large round
punctures arranged in rows. They oceur beneath bark, more es-
pecially that of oak, elm or poplar, or in grain. Four species are
known from the State.
562 FAMILY XXI.—CUCUJIDAE.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILVANUS.
a. Thorax suboval, its sides each with six teeth. 1069. SURINAMENSIS.
aa. Thorax elongate, the sides not toothed.
b. Thorax strongly narrowed behind, the sides more or less sinuate;
head with a small tooth behind each eye.
¢c. Thorax with a sharp divergent tooth at each front angle; elytra
very opaque, strongly punctured. 1070. BIDENTATUS.
cc. Thorax with teeth less developed; elytra somewhat shining, less
densely punctured. 1071. PLANATUS.
bb. Thorax very feebly narrowed behind, the sides nearly straight; head
without a tooth behind the eye. 1072. IMBELLIS.
*1069 (8299). SILVANUS SURINAMENSIS L., Syst. Nat., II, 1767, 565. .
Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown clothed
with lighter pubescence. Antenne slightly longer than
thorax. Thorax longer than wide, the disk with three
raised: lines; sides evenly curved and provided with six
distinct teeth. Elytra euch with four coste, the inter-
vals granulate-punctate. Length 25 mm. (Fig. 210.)
Marion and Vigo counties; common. Probably
throughout the State, as it has been carried by com-
merce all over the globe. On account of damage
done to stored grain, corn in particular, it is known
as the ‘‘corn silvanus.’’ It also feeds on dried
fruits. By closing the bin or fruit receptable air-
ete ag ed tight, or as nearly so as possible, and pouring in
U. 8. Dep. Agr.) bisulphide of carbon, a gill for each bushel capacity.
and allowing it to evaporate for twenty-four hours. both beetles and
larve will be killed without leaving any odor or flavor behind. Hi-
bernates as imago. April 25-December 2s.
1070 (3300). SILVANUS BIDENTATUS Fab., Syst. El, I, 1801, 317.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, very opaque, densely
punctured. Front angles of thorax sharply toothed the disk somewhat
convex and with traces of the raised lines seen in surinamensis. Length
2.7 mm.
Marion, Putnam, Jackson, Lawrence aud Crawford counties:
frequent. March 20-hne 12. Taken beneath bark and by sifting.
1071 (3301). Strvanus pranatus Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, 466.
Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown, less densely punctured.
Thorax broader than in bidentutus; sides parallel from apex to middle.
thence distinctly converging. Length 2.2-2.7 mm.
Threughout the State: comnion, April 16-November 30. It is
possible that this is the female of bidentulus. They often oceur in
company and Linell stated (Entom. Amer. III, 171), that he had
taken the two im coitu.
THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 563
1072 (3302). SILVANUS IMBELLIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1854, 77.
Elongate, rather narrow, depressed. Dark reddish-brown, subopaque,
very deeply and densely punctured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the
teeth of front angles but slightly developed; disk finely and densely punc-
tate; hind angles obtuse. Length 2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 4—-November 8.
Occurs in damp localities, often beneath the bark of sycamore.
II. Caruartus Reiche. 1854. (Gr., ‘‘to cleanse.’’)
Small brown forms very close to Silvanus but
having the middle club joint larger than either of
the others; thorax broader than long except in quad-
ricollis, Two species have been taken in the State,
while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CATHARTUS.
a. Thorax either subyuadrate or longer than wide, its
sides nearly straight; body very feebly punctate.
(Fig. 211.) QUADRICOLLIS.
aa. Thorax broader than long.
>. Front angles of thorax each with a distinct tooth. — gig o11, (After Chit-
¢ Second and third joiuts of antenne subequal; ‘€nden, Far. Bull. No. 45.)
head and thorax minutely and densely punctate; form broader
and more convex. 1073. ADVENA.
ce, Second joint of antenime distinctly longer and stouter than third;
head and thorax densely granulate-punctate; form mure slender.
1074. LONGULUS.
bb. Front angles of thorax not toothed. RECTUS.
C. quadricollis Guer., elongate, slender, pale reddish-brown,
shining, length 2.4—3 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Georgia.
1073 (3805). CATHARTUS ADVENA Waltl., Silb. Rev. Ent., II, 256.
Dy, Oblong, subconvex. Rather pale chestnut
he, brown, shining, finely pubescent. Thorax quad-
rate, one-third broader than long, sides feebly
curved, front angles with minute blunt teeth,
hind ones rectangular. Elytra with rows of
rather coarse punctures. Length 1.7-2 mim. (Fig.
212.)
Southern half of State; frequent. Janu-
ary 24-Novemhber 12. Probably occurs
throughout the State, as it feeds on various
articles of commerce, especially damp flour,
4 meal, rice, figs, beans. apples, ete. If these
iui “articles be stored in a clean, dry, well-ven-
Fig. 212. x 20. (After Forbes.) tilated place the damage will not be serious,
564 FAMILY XXI.—CUCUJIDAB.
1074 (-——). CATHARTUS LONGULUS sp. nov.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax dark reddish-brown,
subopaque; elytra, antenne and legs paler brown, more shining. Antenne
slender, longer than head and thorax, joints 3-8 subequal, ninth two-thirds
the width of tenth. Thorax slightly wider than long; sides almost straight,
the margins flattened; front angles with an obtuse tooth, hind ones acute;
disk with dense elongate granules. Elytra scarcely wider at base than
thorax, with rows of rather fine, closc-set punctures. Length 2 mm.
Starke County; rare. June 16. Sifted from borders of sphag-
num marsh.
C. rectus Lee., pale chestnut-brown, length 2 mm., is known from
Pennsylvania, Ulinois and southward.
TTI. Navsisius Redt. 185s. (L., ‘‘disgust + life.’’)
Broader and more depressed than in Silvanus, the elytra costate
and covering the entire abdomen. One species is known from the
State.
1075 (3308). NAUSIBIUS CLAVICORNIS Kug., Schneider’s Magaz., I, 1794, 511.
Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown, deeply and densely punc-
tured. Antenne robust, rather short, placed on the front angles of the
head in front of eyes. Thorax quadrate, disk with two indentations be-
hind the middle; sides with six obtuse teeth. Elytra each with four
slightly elevated lines. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. September 17. ‘Iwo specimens were taken
with a dozen other species at sap beneath the bark of a soft maple
tree. LeConte states that it oceurs usually in rice. sugar and other
articles of commerce throughout the United States. Iisted as V.
dentatus Marsh.
Subfamily II. PASSANDRINAE,
Elongate, slender, depressed or subeylindrical species, having
the tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes; elytra covering the entire abdo-
men; head quadrate; eyes coarsely granulated. One of the three
genera is represented in the State.
IV. Carovenus Westw. 1835. (Gn. “inferior + chin.’’)
This genus is represented by a single species of wide distribution
which is very variable in size. It has robust. bead-like antenne,
joints one to ten subglobular, first largest. second smallest; the last
joint compressed and ecarirate.
*1076 (3310). Carocenus ruruUs Fab., Ent. Syst. Emend., 1798, 123.
Elongate, depressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown. Head with a
transverse grooye behind the eves, Thorax narrowed behind, distinctly
THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 565
punctured but with a faint smooth median line on basal half. Elytra deeply
striate, not punctate. Eyes almost invisible from above. Length 5-11.5 mi.
Throughout the State; common, February 2-October 18. Hi-
bernates in numbers beneath bark, especially that of sugar maple.
Subfamily TI. CUCUJINAE.
The absence of the horn-like plates concealing the maxillv is the
chief distinction between this and the preceding subfamily. The
following genera are known to be represented or may oveeur in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CUCUJIN.E,
a. Head widest behind the eyes: color bright red. ‘ V. Cucvscs.
aa. Head widest across the eyes.
b. Body elongate, cylindrical; thorax margined. NARTHECIUS.
bb. Body depressed.
e. Antenne shorter than head and thorax, the latter not margined.
PEDIACUS.
a
ec, Antenne longer than head and thorax.
d, Thorax not serrate at sides, sometimes with a single tooth at
front angles.
e, Elytra very short; thorax not margined, INO.
ec, Blytra long; thorax margined.
f. First antennal joint about as long as head. DeNDROPHAGUS.
7f. First joint much shorter than head; thorax with an im-
pressed line each side of disk.
g. Spurs of front tibise unequal in length.
VI. LatMoPHL-£US.
gg. Spurs of front tibie equal. LATHROPUS.
dd. Thorax distinctly serrate at sides; first joint of antenne nearly
as long as the head. VII. BRonrTEs.
V. Creusvs Fab. 1775. (NL. a word of South American origin.)
To this genus belongs our largest and most brilliantly colored
member of the family.
*1077 (3316). Cuctats cLavires Fab., Spec. Ins.. T, 1781. 257,
Blongate, very depressed, sides parallel.
Above bright scarlet red; beneath duller red ;
tibie and tarsi darker. Antenne black. equal
to head and therax in length. Head broad-
est behind the eyes, the hind angles being
produced outward and backward. Thorax
coarsely punctate; disk with three broad,
slightly elevated ridges. Elytra finely pune-
tate. Length 10-13.5 mm. (Trig. 215.) Fig 213. a, larva; cand e, enlarged back
' and side views of its anal joint; d, view of
Southern half of State. frequent; less its head; b, imago. (After Riley.)
Lae
566 FAMILY XXI.—-CUCUJID.§.
so in the northern counties. March 17—December 20. Occurs be-
neath bark, especially that of freshly felled ash and poplar logs.
Sometimes gregarious in colonies of twenty or more.
Narthecius grandiccps Lee., dark chestnut-brown, thorax nar-
rowed behind, length 3 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Ne-
braska, but is very rare.
Pediacus depressus TWerbst., reddish-brown, strongly punctured,
length 3.3 mm., is a cosmopolitan species which has been taken by
Dury near Cincinnati. He also records an undescribed species of
Tno from the same locality.
Dendrophagus glaber Lec., black, shining, elytra sometimes
brown, length 6-7 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in the
northern counties.
VI. Lamoprnaus Lap. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘to eat + bark.’’)
Small, flattened or subeonvex species. usually much broader
proportionately than in S/lcvanus, the antenne frequently elongate.
especially in the males; eves rather small, near the front edge of
thorax; labrum large, transverse, rounded in front; middle and
hind tarsi 4-jointed in the males. The following have been taken or
perhaps occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF L-EMOPIILEUUS,
a. Second joint of autenne shorter than third.
b. Labrum enmarginate; elytra with a pale spot before the middle of
each; length 2.8-4 mm. .
ce. Elytral spot nearly circular, well defined; surface densely punctate.
1OTS. BIGUTTATUs.
cc, Elytral spot ill-defined. irregular in form: surface finely and
sparsely punctured. 1079. FASCIATUS.,
bb. Labrum entire; elytra without spots; length 1.5-2 mm.
d. Body convex.
e. Front angles of thorax toothed. CONVEXULUS.
ec, Front angles of thorax rounded. 1080, ADUSTUs.
dd. Body depressed ; elytra shorter than abdomen. MODESTUs:
aa. Second joint of antenne equal to third ; pale reddish-brown. elytra with-
out spots; length 1.5-2 mm.
f. Head with transverse groove behind the eyes; male without deep
notch in front of base of antenne. 1OS1. TESTACEUS.
ff. Head without transverse groove; male with head deeply notched near
base of antenne and first joint of the latter as long as the three
following. 1082.) PUNCTATUS.
THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. DOT
*1078 (3320). L«2.oPpuL-eUs BicuTTaTUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1826, 267; ibid. II, 326.
Oblong, depressed. Dark chestnut brown; legs and antenne slightly
paler. Thorax narrowed behind; sides much curved, the margins obso-
letely crenate. Elytra striate, twice as long as head and thorax together,
strongly margined. Length 34 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 1-December 18.
1079 (3321). LasmopuLeus FASCIATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 113.
Oblong, depressed. Pale reddish-brown; elytra somewhat darker. An-
tenne slightly longer than head and thorax, the last three joints broadest
and flattened. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, sides curved and feebly
sinuate. Elytra as in biguttatus, but only lightly punctured. Length 3-
3.5 pom. :
Kosciusko, Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties; searce.
March 24—-November 23. Taken in spring at sap on maple and
beech stumps.
L. converulus Lee., dark brownish-ycllow, length 2-2.4 mm., is
known to oceur from Michigan and near Cincinnati.
1080 (3327). LamorHiaus apustus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1854, 74.
Oblong, subconvex. TWead and thorax reddish-brown, thickly and
coarsely punctured; elytra darker, shining, glabrous. Heid as wide as
thorax; antenn:e two-thirds the length of body. Thorax twice as wide as
long, narrowed at base, sides strongly rounded, sinuate near hind angles,
which are sharp and prominent. Jlytral stris fine, punctured. Length
2 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March
27-June 20. Occurs on beech logs.
L. modestus Say, dark brownish-yellow, sparsely and rather
deeply punctate, length 1.8-2.3 mm., is known from Canada and
Georgia.
1081 (3328). La2eMorHL&us TesTAceus Fab., Ent. Syst. Emend., I, 1798, 96.
Elongate-oblong, depressed. Uniform light reddish-brown. Antenne of
male nearly as long as hody; of female equal to elytra. Head and thorax
sparsely and rather finely punctured; the latter quadrate, sides almost
parallel, front angles plainly toothed, hind ones rectangular, lateral grooves
distinct. Length 1.5 2% min.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 5-June 20. Found
mating in April. THibernates; gregarious in winter.
568 FAMILY XXI.—CUCUJIDAE.
1082 (3330). LasmMopHiaus PuNcTATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VII, 1854, 75.
Form and color of testaccus. Wead and thorax more coarsely punc-
tured, the latter not as wide and feebly narrowed toward base. Elytra
shorter, more distinctly striate, the outer stria deeper ; intervals each with
two rows of fine punctures. Length 1.6 mm.
Crawford County; rare. August 10. Hitherto recorded only
from the southern states.
Lathropus wrnalis Lee., dark chestnut-brown, legs, antenne and
front of head paler, head and thorax covered with small elongate
granules, length 1.3-1.7 mm., occurs in the ‘Atlantic and Missis-
sippi regions. ”’
VII. Bronves Fab. 1801. (Gr., ‘‘thuuder.’’)
Rather broad and very flat species haying the sides of thorax
finely and acutely serrate, the front angles strongly toothed and the
mesosternum emarginate in front. Two species oceur in Indiana.
*1083 (3349). Brontes puntts Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 97.
Moderately elongate, very depressed. Nearly uniform brownish-black ;
legs and margins of elytra paler; head and thorax often paler than elytra,
their surface coarsely and densely punctured. Antenne as long as body,
densely pubescent. Thorax one-half broader than long; front angles very
prominent and toothed, hind ones broadly rounded. Elytra broader at base
than thorax, with a distinct cost: from humerus to apex; sides strongly
margined. Length 4.5-5.5 min.
Throughout the State; common beneath bark. February 21-
November 17. The mandibles of male are armed with a slender
curved horn which is turned upward to meet the one of the opposite
side.
1084 (3850). Bronres pepruis Lec., Pree. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIT, 1854, 76.
Elongate, slender, depressed. Uniform piceous-black, clothed with short,
sparse yellowish hairs; antennze and legs reddish-brown, the former as long
as thorax and elytra together. Thorax about as long as wide, distinctly
narrowed behind the middle, sides finely and evenly serrate; front angles
acute, hind ones obtusely rounded ; surface densely and coarsely punctured.
Elytra costate as in dvbins and as there with a row of minute granules
along each interval, the sides between the costie and margin almost per-
pendicular. Length +-5 inm.
Marion County; rare. November 1. Taken hy sifting. The
narrower and less serrate thorax. more slender form and darker
color easily distinguish this from dubs.
TIT FLAT BARK BEETLES. 569
Subfamily IV. TTELEPHANINAE.
Two genera comprise this subfamily,:one of which is repre-
sented in the State by a singie species:
Pp
Vill. Teveruanus Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘distant + glitter.’’)
Elongate, slender, subdepressed species, having the first joint
of antenna iong, spindle-shaped; clytra broader than thorax, their
tips rounded; hind femora swollen; tarsi 5-jointed, the last joint
bilobed.
*1085 (3353). TELEPHANUS VELOX Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
> 184i, 127.
Pale brownish-yellow, closely and coarsely punctured; rather coarsely
pubescent; head and often the apical third of elytra fuscous. Antenne as
long as elytra; apical half, except the last one or two joints, darker. Tho-
rax one-half longer than wide, narrowed behind the middle. Length 4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 27-November 27.
Occurs more often beneath stones, chunks and dead leaves than be-
neath bark. When exposed it usually remains quiescent with an-
tennex folded against sides, but if touched it runs with great swift-
ness, whence its specifie name.
Family XXII. CRYPTOPITAGIDLE.
Tur SILKEN Funes BEETLES.
Belonging here are a number of beetles of small size, oblong or
oval in form and never very depressed. They are usually less than
2.5 mm. in length and often of a light yeilowish-brown color, with a
silken lustre produced by a very fine pubescence. Their habits are
exceedingly variable, some living in fungi, others about wood and
chip piles or in cellars, beneath dead leaves, in rotten logs or on
flowers. They are to be taken in early spring by sifting and in
summer by beating vegetation or examining fleshy fungi. The
name Cryptophagide imples that the insects com-
prising the family feed upon eryptogamous plants,
which include the mushrooms and fungi; however,
they are much less fungivorous in habit than the
members of the next family.
The principal distinguishing characters of the
family, briefly stated, are the 11-jointed antenne,
with joints 9 to 11 larger, forming a loose club;
thorax nearly or quite as wide as elytra, often with \
distinct basal impressions and usually with the geudha* sMpepame
lateral edges modified by serrations or nodular After Sharp.)
570 PAMILY XXI.--GRYPPOPILAGID.E,
thickenings; elytra rounded behind, entirely covering the abdomen,
the latter with five free ventral segments, the first usually somewhat
longer than the others; front coxe oval, moderate in size, separated
by the prosternum, the coxal cavities usually widely open behind;
legs short, tarsi 5-jointed, the hind ones +-jointed in the males of
certain genera, the joints clothed beneath with long hair. (Fig.
214.)
The family is closely allied to the Cucujidw, but the broader
and shorter convex bedy, the oval front coxe and the usually greater
length of the first ventral segment are sufficient to distinguish the
two. The principal, and practically the only, paper treating of the
North American representatives of the family is that of:
Casey. —‘‘Review of the American Cryptophagide,’’
N. Y. Ent. Soe., VII, 1900, 75-128.
In it he has placed the genus Diplocelus, assigned by LeConte
and Horn to the Mycetophagide, and has listed and described from
North America 127 species, distributed among 16 genera. For con-
venience the family is first divided into two subfamilies as follows:
in Journ.
KEY T0 SUBFAMILIES OF CRYPTOPHAGIDA.
a. Antennse remotely separated at base, inserted under the sides of the
front; palpi dissimilar, the maxillary elongate and slender, with the
fourth joint elongate and more or less acuminate at tip, the labial
short with the last joint oval or hatchet-shaped.
Subfamily [. Crvpropuacina, p. 570.
aa. Antenne close together at base, inserted on the front; palpi similar,
short, stout and acuminate, the last joint of both small, narrow and
awl-shaped. Subfamily II. Avomariin-e, p. 578.
Subfamily I. CRYPTOPHAGINAE.
The species of this subfamily are generally larger. more oblong.
less convex and more pubescent than in the Atomariinw, Of the
127 species accredited the family by Casey, 59 belong here.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CRYPTOPITAGIN AS.
a. Thorax with two fine raised lines on each side of the disk; antennal
grooves before the eyes narrow and deep; trochanters moderate in
size, very obliquely attached at the side of the base of the femora.
I. DieLocaies.
aa. Thorax without raised lines on the disk (except in Crosimus) ; an-
tennal grovves obsolete; trochanters elongate, bearing the femora
obliquely attached to their outer ends: antennal elub always loosely
3-jointed ,
b. Front coxal cavities completely closed behind; first ventral segment
but little longer than second and with two straight raised lines
THE SHLKEN FUNGUS BEETLES, oT]
diverging from the inner margin of the hind coxal cavities; first
joint of hind tarsi as long as the next two combined; eyes with
coarse facets. II. CRYPIOPHILUS.
bb. Front coxal cavities broadly and completely open behind; basal seg-
ments of abdomen variable in length.
e. Tarsi with third joint strongly and second joint less strongly lobed
beneath, the fourth joint very small; 5-jointed in both sexes.
d. Body distinctly, rather densely pubescent, closely and irregularly
punctured; ninth joint of antenne very little wider than
eighth; sides of elytra not margined at base; prosternal process
acute at tip. Ill. TELMATOPHILUS.
dd. Body sparsely and feebly pubescent; ninth antennal joint as
wide as the tenth; sides of elytra margined at base; prosternal
process truncate at tip.
e. Punctures of elytra in ruws; thorax transversely impressed at
base. IV. Lopervs.
ee. Punctures of elytra few and irregularly distributed; thorax
not impressed at base. V. Tomarkvus.
ce. Tarsi filiform, simple, and never lobed beneath, 5-jointed in the
females, the hind ones 4-jointed in the males; sides of elytra
never margined at base and elytral punctures never in rows.
f. Mesosternum deeply emarginate, receiving the prosternum; eyes
situated in front of base of head, small, not prominent; body
large, for the family, oblong, densely clothed with yellow hair.
VI. ANTHEROPITAGTS.
ff. Mesosternum not emarginate; eyes situated at base of head. con-
vex, prominent.
g. Sides of thorax with three undulations—at the apex and near
apical and basal thirds—the apical angles not more thick-
ened: body short, breadly oval and convex, with long hairy
covering. VII. CRosIMUs.
gg. Sides of thorax not undulated.
h. Thorax with apical angles thickened and obliquely truncate,
the lateral edges even except a minute tooth near the mid-
dle; basal fovez very small and feeble.
' VIII. CRryYPTOPHAGUS.
hh. Thorax with apical angles not thickened, the lateral edges
serrulate with very fine teeth.
i. Body oval, convex; thorax with a distinct transverse basal
groove. IX. HENOTICUS.
ii. Body oblong, parallel, rather strongly depressed; thorax
without a basal groove, but with two small distinct basal
fover. . X. PTERYNGIUM.
I. Drevocerts Guer. 146. (Gr.. ‘double + eavity.’’)
This genus. formerly placed in the next family, comprises small
elongate or oblong subdepressed beetles, most easily distinguished by
the fine raised lines on the sides of the disk of thorax. The anten-
572 FAMILY XXII.—CRYPTOPIIAGID-E.
nal club is 3-jointed, the ninth joint slightly smaller than tenth, the
eighth sinall and similar to seventh. Three species are known from
the United States, two of which are known from Indiana, while the
other may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF DIPLOCGELUS.
a. Raised lines on sides of thorax well marked.
vb. Thorax narrowed in front, its sides nearly straight, hind angles
prominent, externally covering the base of elytra. ANGUSTICOLLIS.
bb. Thorax not narrowed in front, its sides regularly curved.
1086. BRUNNEUS.
aa. Raised lines of thorax almost obsolete. 1087. RUDIS.
D. angusticollis Horn, piceous, length 4.5 mm., was described
from Marquette, Michigan.
1086 (3414). DipLoca@Lus BruNNEUS Lec., New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I,
1863, 73.
Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Dull blackish-brown or piceous, feebly
shining, rather sparsely pubescent. Thorax closely punctured, sides nearly
parallel, disk with three elevated lines on each side, of which the inner is
feeble and incomplete. FElytra with feebly impressed rows of close-set punc-
tures, intervals each with a row of short, very fine, suberect hairs. Length
3-3.5 mm. :
Marion, Putnam, Lawrence, Jennings and Posey counties; fre-
quent. April 22-November 20. Probably hibernates. Taken in
summer from fungi on beech and maple logs and in spring by sift-
ing from about the roots of such trees.
1087 (8415). Diprocastus rupis Lec., lor. cit.
Flongate-oval, slightly convex. Dark reddish-brown to fuscous, shin-
ing. Thorax coarsely punctured, with only traces of raised lines on the
disk; hind angles rectangular, acute. Elytra with rows of very coarse
punctures; intervals polished, each with a single row of very long suberect
hairs. Length 2-2.5 mm.
A southern species taken in Perry County; rare. May 1.
II. Crypropuiuts Reitt. 1874. (Gr., ‘‘a concealed place +
loving.’’)
A single, small oblong, picecous-brown species, introduced from
Europe, represents this genus in the State. It resembles several of
our species of Cryp/ophagus but does not have the apical angles of
thorax thickened.
1088 (——). CrypTrorHILts INTEGER Heer, Faun. Helvet., T, 1840, 426.
Klongate-olhlong, subparallel, feebly convex. Viceous or dark reddish-
brown, sparsely clothed with suberect yellowish hairs. Antenne nearly
THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 73
half the length of body, the club loosely three-jointed. Head coarsely and
rather closely punctured. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly
curved, margins rather wide and distinctly reflexed; front angles rather
prominent, hind ones obtuse; disk convex, rather closely and coarsely punc-
tate. Elytra a little wider at base than thorax. feebly narrowed from mid-
dle to the rounded tips; each with numerous closely placed rows of rather
coarse slightly impressed punctures. Length 3 mm.
Marion and Hancock counteis: frequent. April 6—-October 15.
Taken by Harold Morrison from a cellar in which wood had been
stored. Resembles Typhe fumata L.. but more coarsely punctate
and less pubescent.
IIL. Tevaaropmines Heer. Is41. (Gr.. “swamp --loving.’’)
In this venus and the next two the thorax has two small, deep
and widely separate:| fovew or pits near the basal margin. The
genus is represented haw the single species:
1089 (3355). TeELMaropiniLus aMeRIcANtUS Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I,
1SG3, 70.
Elongite-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, rather shining,
the pubescence yellowish to ashy gray; antenme and legs reddish-brown,
the former scarcely as long as head and thorax. Thorax a third wider
than long, finely and densely punctate. sides evenly curved, the edges very
finely serrulate: apical angles obtusely rounded, hind angles acute. Elytra
slightly wider than thorax. the punctures much less dense. Length 2.5-
3 mun.
Northern half of State; leeally common on the flowers and leaves
ef the semi-aquatic plant. arrow-arum, /’clfandra virginica L. May
20—Jrine 25.
IV. Loperus Lee. 1861.
Small oblong species resembling, at first sight, certain ‘‘flea-
beetles’’ of the family Chrysomelida. From the members of allied
genera they may be most readily known by the elvtral punctures
being arranged in rows. and bearing verv short. fine, recurved hairs.
One of the five known species occurs in Indiana.
1090 (33856). Losrerts IMPRESsUs Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1863, 70.
Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, shining; sparsely
pubescent. Antenne slightly longer than head and thorax, paler than body.
Thorax narrower than elytra, nearly twice as wide as long; sides feebly
curved, disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, basal depression broadly
impressed. Elytra three and a half times as long as thorax, the apex
rather narrowly rounded; intervals smooth and without punctures. Length
2 -2.3 mm.
574 PAMILY XXII.—CRYPTOPH AGIDA.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 6-July 15. Occurs be-
neath bark and on foliage of plants usually near water. Common
at Hudson Lake July 15, on the louse-wort, Pedicularis lanceolata
Michx.
V. Tomarus Lec. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘to eut.’’)
Smaller and shorter than in Loberus. Elytra irregularly punc-
tured; thorax not impressed at base; basal joint of antennal club
about as large as second. One species occurs in Indiana.
1091 (3357). Tomarus puLcHELLUS Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 71.
Elongate-oval, convex, nearly smooth. Brownish-yellow
to piceous; legs and basal half of antennz paler; elytra
each with a large humeral space and a wide subapical cross-
bar yellow. Antenne slightly longer than head and thorax.
Thorax finely but distinctly punctured, narrower than ely-
tra; sides parallel and curved; apex as wide as base. Ely-
tra widest just before the middle, them gradually narrowed
to the rather acute apex, finely and sparsely punctured.
Fig. 215. x 12.
(Original.) Length 1.3-1.6 mm. (Fig. 215.)
Throughout the State; frequent, especially in spring, when it
occurs in dead leaves and beneath mullein, stones and ehunks. Hi-
bernates. March 19--December 7.
VI. ANTHEROPHAGUS Lat. 1506. (Gr.. ‘blossom + eating.’’)
This genus comprises the largest members of the family, distin-
guished by having the eyes placed on the side of head; male with
clypeus deeply emarginate, and antenne thick and closely jointed;
the body in both sexes densely clothed with short, appressed pubes-
cence.
1092 (3859). ANTHEROPHAGUS OCHRACEUS Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., TI, 1844, 115.
Oblong, subconvex. Pale brownish-yellow throughout; antenne and
base of tibice blackish in male. Thorax transverse, sides parallel and al-
most straight, the punctures fine and dense. FElytra as wide as thorax,
very densely and finely punctate. Length 4-4.5 min.
Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. Occurs on Howers, especially those of the wild hydrangea, Hy-
drangra arborescens L. June 24-September 21.
VIT. Crostuvs Casey. 1900,
Tn addition to the characters mentioned in generic key, the mem-
bers of this genus have a fine raised line on each side of the thorax,
extending from base to apex; and also have the basal fove of thorax
THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 575
connected by a deep channel along the basal margin. Two species
are listed by Casey. one of which occurs in Indiana.
1093 (——). Crosiurvs HIRTUS Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900, 90.
Broadly oval. Piceous or black; legs and antennze somewhat paler;
elytra dark red, black at apex, on middle of ‘side margins and transversely
behind the base near the suture. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, the
sides feebly converging from base to apex, not continuing these of the ely-
tra; surface finely, deeply and densely punctate, the submarginal line
parallel to the edge. Elytra with long, rather dense pubescence and with
long, erect hairs in addition; surface irregularly, sparsely and rather
coarsely punctate. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Putnam and Posey counties; searce. April 6B—April 25. Taken
from a large yellow well-deeayed fleshy fungus, and by sifting.
Known from Ohio and Towa.
VII. Crypropuacus Hbst. 1792. (Gr., ‘eryptogam | eating.’’)
This genus comprises numerous chlong or oblong-oval species,
distinctly though not densely pubescent, having the thorax trans-
verse and bearing a short tooth on each edge near the middle, the
apical angles thickened and base with two small fovee or pits con-
nected by a fine groove; front not margined. Casey lists 32 species
of the genus, 25 of which he deseribes as new. Of these five have
been taken in Indiana, while one or two others doubtless occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOPHAGUS.
a. Sides of the thorax distinctly angulate at about the middle, the spicule
or little point at apex of the angle thereforé more prominent and
separated from the thickened node of front angle by a rounded notch.
1094. ACUTANGULUS.
aa. Sides of thorax broadly and evenly curved from base to apex, the spicule
near middle very small and indistinct.
vb. Disk of thorax with four more or less evident smooth elevations and
a short elevated ridge at middle of base.
e. Thickened portion of front angles of thorax with a broadly oval,
sharply defined flat or feebly concave disk, having a large cen-
tral puncture.
d. Dark reddish-brown; disks of front angles of thorax large, as
long as the distance thence to the median spicule.
1095. CROCEUS.
dd. Pale brownish-yellow; disks of front angles smaller, distinctly
shorter than distance thence to the spicules.
1096. LATICLAVUS.
ee, Thickened portion of front angles of thorax small, irregular, nar-
row and without a puncture-bearing disk.
c¢, Antenne long. rather stout, about half as long as body; length
1.8 mm. ANTENNATUS.
[87—23402]
576 FAMILY XXII.—CRYPTOPHAGID.%.
ee. Antenne much less than half as long as body; length 2.2 mm.
1097. FUNGICOLA.
bb. Disk of thorax evenly convex without elevations or ridges; thickened
node of front angles not flattened but protuberant.
1098. NODANGULUS.
1094 (9923). CRYPTOPHAGUS ACUTANGULUS GylL, Insect. Suec., 1827.
Oblong-elongate, subdepressed. Pale brownish-yellow ;
head and thorax slightly darker; eyes large, more than one-
balf the length of head. Thorax wider in front than at
middle, finely aud densely punctate; nodes of the front an-
«les prominent, slightly looked behind; sides distinctly an-
evlate at about the middle. Elytra three and a half times
aus long as thorax, more finely and less densely punctate than
the latter. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 216.)
Throughout the State; frequent. January 24—June
Fig. 219. x 1).
(Original) = «15. A boreal species, common to northern Europe
and America.
1095 (8372). Crypropmacts crocevs Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IT,
ASGD, 257.
Oblong, the sides parallel. Dark reddish-brown, rather strongly pubes-
cent. Thorax searcely narrower than elytra (male) or distinctly narrower
(female), strongly and closely punctured, the thickened nodes of apical
angles conspicuous. [lytra about three times as long as thorax, less closely
but equally coarsely punctured. Length 2-2.5 mim.
Throughout the State; searee. January 24-November 12.
yy
Taken on the wing and by sifting rubbish; also feeding on apples in
cellar.
1O0G (——). CRrYPTOPHAGUS LATICUAVUS Casey, Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soe.,
VIII. 1900. 96.
More oval and rather more couyvex than croccus. Pale brownish-yel-
low throughout. Thorax smaller and more rounded at the sides; punctures
rather coarse nnd close-set. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, rather
strongly rounded at tip. punctures moderately course, deep and close-set ;
pubescence shorter and less conspicuous than in croceus. Length 2 mm.
Posey and Dubois counties; searce. May 11-June 4+. Taken by
sifting damp leaves and rubbish.
C. autennatus Casey, oblong-oval, pale reddish-brown, was de-
seribed from Michigan.
WOT (B3T4).0 Cryvroviracus ruxcicois Zinm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1T,
1869, 257.
Oblong, moderately convex. Dark brownish-vellow or reddish-brown,
shining. Thorax but little narrower than elytra, the nodes of front angles
small, feeble, oblique: submedian spieule minute, slightly behind the middle
and separated from the nodes by two to three times the length of the lat-
ter; punctures small, deep, rather close-set. Elytra oval, obtusely rounded
at tip. finely, deeply and not very closely punctate. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.
THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. aT7T
Throughout the State; frequent. January 24-October 21. Oc-
curs in fungi.
1098 (3375). CrypropHacUS NODANGULUS Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
II, 1869, 257.
Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown, strongly shining. Antennz reach-
ing base of thorax, the club less stout than in fungicola. Thorax finely.
equally and rather closely punctured. Elytra more coarsely punctate.
Length 2 mm.
Marion County; rare. April 7.
IX. Henoticcs Thom. 1870. (Gr., ‘‘in unity.’’)
Resembles Cruptophagus very closely, but is distinguished by the
thorax having the edges finely toothed and without thickened apical
space at front angles, and by the front above the base of antenne
being finely margined. One of the two known species occurs in
Indiana.
1099 (38363). TIRNotTicts serratus Gyll., Insect. Suec., 1827.
Oblong, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, sparsely pubes-
cent with yellowish hairs. the legs and antennie paler. Thorax transverse,
deeply and rather closely punctured, the sides nearly parallel, the edges
with eight to ten fine teeth. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, obtusely
rounded behind, sparsely and coarsely punctured. Length 1.7-2 mi.
Marion and Posey counties; scarce. .\pril 23-May 11. Occurs
in dry fungi about the stumps of oak.
X. Preryncium Reitt. Iss7. (Gr., ‘‘wing + little.’’)
The species of this genus are readily recognized by the rather
narrow, strongly depressed, finely pubescent body. The basal seg-
ment of the abdomen is as long as the next three combined. Of the
two species known, one occurs in Indiana.
1100 (——). PreryNaitm MabLactm Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1900, 102.
Oblong, parallel, depressed. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Antenne as
long as head and thorax, rather slender. Thorax one-third wider than
long, finely and closely punctured; sides distinctly curved. hind angles
rounded. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax and about three times as
long, finely and sparsely punctured; pubescence scarcely evident. Length
1.7 mm.
Vigo County; rare. February 10. One specimen taken from
beneath a log in upland sandy woods.
DTS PAMILY XXII.—CRYPTOPIIAGID A.
Subfamily ATOMARIINAE,
The members of this subfamily are most readily distinguished
by the position of ihe antennae, these organs being inserted upon
the front and having their bases close together. The body is
smaller, as a rule, than in the Crytophagine. The following genera
are known to be represented or probably oceur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ATOMARIIN.-E,
a. Prosternal spine free, the tip passing over the edge of the flat or feebly
coneave surface of the mesosternum: antenne free, the grooves be-
fore the eyes wholly obsolete, club loosely three-jointed ; scutellum of
moderate size.
b. Spine of prosternum prolonged and acute at tip; side margin of tho-
rax double; hind tarsi of male 4-jointed; form elongate, pubescent.
XI. CNOSCELIS.
bb. Spine of prosternum shorter and truncate at tip; thorax with a sin-
gle lateral edge; hind tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes; form variable.
ce. Elytra not margined at base; body always distinctly pubescent.
d. Body elongate and parallel; thorax angulate and foveate close
to the edge far behind the middle; antenne very close at base.
the basal joint obconical. AGATHENGIS.
dd. Body oval, more convex; thorax rounded or angulate at or be-
fore the middle; antennze less close at base, the basal joint
shorter and oblong. XII. ATOMARIA.
ee, Elytra with a beaded margin at base; body minute and nearly
glabrous. XIII. Trsacttra.
aa, Prosternal spine broader and flatter, the tip broadly curved and re-
ceived closely within a depression at the apex of mesosternum; scu-
tellum cordate, very minute; body broadly oval, convex and almost
glabrous. XIV. EPHISTEMUS.
NXT. Canoscenis Thom. 1870. (Gi., ‘‘eommon + tibia.’’)
Rather elongate, strongly punctured and pubescent beetles, pos-
sessing the characters mentioned in key and haying the thorax
broadly impressed at base; antenne stout, with the basal joint un-
usually large and obconie. Three species have been taken in Indi-
ana, while one other may occur.
KLY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF (AENOSCELIS.
a. Color pale reddish-brown.
b. Thorax one-third wider than long, strongly curved at sides, basal im-
pression median and feeble; body narrow and rather elongate.
1101. FERRUGINEA,
bb. Thorax two-thirds wider than long; body stonter and more oval in
form. TPSTACHA.
aa. Color piceous-brown to black; thorax broadly impressed at base.
THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 579
ce. Antenne distinctly longer than head and thorax, with joints four,
six and cight longer than wide. 1102. ELONGATA.
cc. Antenne scarcely longer than head and thorax, the fourth, sixth and
eighth joints not longer than wide. 1103. SUBFUSCATA.
1101 (3380). CzNoscELIs FERRUGINEA Sahlb., Ins. Fennica, I, 1817, 58.
Ilongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown, the pubescence distinct, fine and
sparse on elytra. Antenne stout, reaching base of thorax, the first joint
of club much smaller than the other two. ‘Thorax convex, finely and closely
punctured, the apex narrower than base. Elytra oval, two-thirds longer
than wide. Length 1.8 mm.
Marion County; scarce. June 4-October 31. Taken beneath
bark of oak logs in low moist woods.
C. testacea Zimm., length 1.5-1.8 mm., is known from Kentucky.
1102 (——_). C#NOSCELIS ELONGATA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., VIII,
1900, 107.
Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown. Antenne stout, not quite half the
length of body. Thorax more than one-half wider than long, strongly and
rather densely punctured. Elytra distinctly wider than, and three times
as long as thorax, finely, rather sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length
1.8-2 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; frequent. March 6—April 28.
Taken by sifting.
1103 (———). CNoscELIS sUBFUSCATA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1900, 107.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Reddish-piceous or fuscous. Antenne
reaching base of thorax, the first joint equal in length to next two. Thorax
one-half wider than long, finely and densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
and more coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 1.8 mm.
Marion Courty; rare. April 28.
Agathengis subnitens Casey. piceous, elytra paler, length 1.2-
1.4 mm., was described from Michigan; while A. pumilio Casey,
thorax more distinctly impressed at base, piceous, elytra brownish.
yellow, length 1.3-1.5 mm., is known from Massachusetts to Iowa.
XII. Avromarra Steph. 1830. (Gr., ‘“an atom.’’)
Very small, shining, oblong-oval, sparsely pubescent beetles,
having the first two joints of antennal club about as long as wide;
thorax narrowed in front and concave at base. Five species have
been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATOMARIA.
a. Elytra unicolorous or only slightly darker towards the base.
b. Second and third antennal joints elongate, subequal; base of thorax
‘straight or feebly curved.
580 PAMILY XXII.—CRYPTOPITAGIDA.
ce. Thorax rather rounded than angulate at the sides at or before the
middle. 1104. OCHRACEA.
cc. Thorax conspicuously though broadly angulate at the sides at or
slightly before the middle, where it is distinctly wider than at
base. 1105. GONODERA.
bb. Second antennal joint distinctly longer and thicker than third.
d. Thorax dilated at or a little before the middle, narrowed toward
base and still more strongly toward apex; color dull yellow, ely-
tra gradually blackish toward base. 1106. PUSILLA.
dd. Thorax )arallel at the sides from the base to or beyond the mid-
dle, then strongly narrowed to apex; color black or piceous.
1107. ovALis.
aa. Elytra pale with a dark crossbar (often broken) just before the middle.
1108. EPHIPPIATA.
1104 (3388). AToMARIA OCHRACEA Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1869,
258.
Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, moderately shin-
ing; untenne and legs paler. Antenne slightly longer than head and tho-
rax, the joints of club equal in size. ‘Thorax three-fourths as wide as ely-
tra, strongly narrowed at apex, deeply and closely punctate, the sides
rounded. Elytra widest before the middle, acutely rounded at tip, finely
and sparsely but distinctly punctured. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Throughout the State; common in spring beneath mullein, in
decaying leaves, ete. April 18—-November 8.
1105 (——). ATOMARIA GoNOvERA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900,
122.
Rather broadly oyal, moderately convex. Reddish or chestnut-brown.
polished. Thorax small, at its widest part not equalling the base of elytra,
nearly two-thirds wider than long, angulate at middle, the sides thence to
base distinctly converging, disk finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra.
near the middle, about one-third wider than thorax, finely but sparsely
punctate. Length 1.5 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; scarce. March 26-April 16.
1106 (——). AroMaAnia PUSILLA Payk.. Faun. Suec., I, 1798, 295.
Elongate-oblong, parallel. Dull reddish-yellow, shining; basal third of
elytra blackish. .\ntenn:e slender, nearly half the length of body. Thorax
short, convex, about as wide as elytra, disk finely and densely punctate
and with a distinct basal impression. Elytra three times as long as tho-
rax, obtusely rounded at tips, very finely and closely punctate. Length
8-1 mm.
Steuben, Kosciusko, Marion, Ilaneock and Putnam counties ;
scarce, May 25—-November 8. Sifted from borders of sphagnum
marsh and other damp vegetable debris. European species hith-
erto recorded only from the Pacitie slope in the United States.
THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 581
1107 (——). AromaRIA ovatis Casey, Journ. N. ¥. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900,
124.
Oval, rapidly attenuate at each end, strongly convex. Black or piceous,
shining; legs and antenne dull brownish-yellow. Antenne stout, one-half
length of body in male. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly
converging on apical half, apex two-thirds as wide as base; disk rather
coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra widest a little in front of middle
where, together, they are one-third wider than thorax. thence narrowing to
a rounded apex; surface rather sparsely and finely but distinctly punctured.
Length 1.3-1.5 mm.
Steuben, Kosciuske and Marion counties; frequent. April 11-
July 11. Taken by sifting and on the wing in early spring.
1108 (3389). ATOMARIA EPHIPPIATA Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II,
1869, 258.
Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Head and thorax
piceous; antenme, legs and elytra reddish-yellow, the
latter with a piceous crossbar before the middle, this
sometimes reaching from side to side, sometimes
broken into spots. Thorax strongly convex, sides
rounded, minutely and sparsely punctured. Elytra
distinctly wider, and two and a half times as long
as thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Length
15 mm. (Fig. 217.)
Throughout the State; frequent. March 17-
Fig. 217. 20.
June 22. (riginal.)
NIIL Tisscria Casey. 1900,
Small, oval, convex species. having the thorax even and unim-
pressed at base; antennae more widely separated than in cllomaria,
the club parallel and loosely 3-jointed; prosternal spine broad,
sharply margined each side.
1109 (——). TISACTIA SUBGLABRA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc... VIII,
1900, 126.
Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Blackish-piceous, glabrous, shining; ely-
tra (in specimen at hand) indistinctly reddish near humeri and on apical
third; legs and antennre paler. Thorax one-half wider than long, very con-
vex, wider at base than apex. sides feebly curved, strongly margined; disk,
as well as that of elytra, finely and rather sparsely punctate. FElytra wid-
est before the middle, as wide at base as thorax. Length 1-1.2 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 16, Sifted from sphagnum moss.
Described from Indiana.
XIV. Epuistemus Steph. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘upon+to place.’’)
Very small species, having the body evenly oval and rather
pointed behind; sides of thorax and elytra continuous, their mar-
gins not interrupted at the contiguous bases.
2 FAMILY XXIII.—MYCETOPHAGID-L.
1110 (3390). EpuIsTEMUs apicais Lec., N. Sp. N. A. Col., IL. 1863. 72.
Oval, convex. Black or piceous-black, shining, without punctures; ely-
tra gradually feebly paler on apical half: legs and antenne paler. Thorax
transverse, the sides evenly curved. Elytra one-third wider than thorax
and about three times as long. the tijs narrowly rounded. Length 1 mm.
Lake, Parke and Marion counties: scarce. April 23—July 1.
Family NNIIT. MYCETOPHAGID.E.
Tur Harry Funevs BEETLES.
To this family belong a limited number of small, oval, slightly
convex beetles. which live on fungi aud beneath bark. They have
the upper surface hairy and demsely punetured and the elytra are
brown or blackish. usually prettily marked with yellow spots or
bands. or yellow with black spots. The name. Vycelophagida, is
from two Greek words meaning ‘‘fangus”” and “to eat,’’ and is in-
dicative of the habits of the insects.
The principal] distinguishing characters of the
ae Mvcetophagids are the 11-jointed antenne. inserted
immediately in front of the eves. the outer joints
gradually or suddenly enlarged; eves rather large,
with enarse facets: thorax as wide as elytra at base;
elytra covering the abdomen and rounded at tip;
front coxe oval, rounded. narrowly separated. the
cavities either widely open or closed: middle coxx
oe. don & rounded. narrowly separated; hind coxe trans-
fasciatus. A Euroean verse: abdomen with five free and equal ventral
species. (After Sharp
segments: legs slender. tibia nearly linear. with
small terminal spurs; tarsi filiform. 4-iointed. the front ones of the
males 3-jointed, more or less dilated and pubescent beneath. (Fig.
215.1
As already noted under the family Cryptophagide, the genus
Diplocelus has been transferred from this family to that; while
the species listed by Henshaw under the genus Triphyllus have been
shown by Casey to belong to the family Mclandryide. and the one
under Berginus to the Ptinide. ‘This leaves but five genera. and,
according to Casey's list. about 25 species of Mycetophagide from
North Ameriea. Only about 100 species are known from the entire
world.
The principal literature treating of the North Ameri¢an species
is as follows:
THE HAIRY PUNGUS BEETLES. 583
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Myeetophagide of the United
States,’’ 7 Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIII, 1856, 12-15.
Horn.—‘ Tables of the Species of Mycetophagus and Litargus,”’
in Prog. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, 603-608.
Casey.— ‘Review of the American Tritomide (Mycetophagi-
dw),’’? 7n Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soe., VITT, 1900, 128-138.
Of the five North American genera, four are represented in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYCETOPHAGID.E.
a. Basal angles of thorax well defined; leagth 1.5 or more mu.
bv. Eyes transverse, sinuate in front; antennse gradually enlarged, usual-
ly without distinct club; epipleura horizontal and flat.
I. MycrrorHagcus.
bb. Eyes more rounded, not sinuate; antenne with joints 9-11 suddenly
larger.
c. Clypeal suture not deeply impressed; body much smaller and more
oval; epipleura concave, rapidly descending. II. Lirarevs.
ce. Clypeal suture deep; epipleura horizontal and flat.
Ill. Tyruzea.
ad. Hind angles broadly rounded; length less than 1 mm.
IV. THRIMOLUS.
I. MyceropHaqus Hellw. 1792. (Gr., ‘‘mushroom + eating.’’)
Oblong-oval, moderately convex insects, clothed rather sparsely
with short, stiff, reclined hairs. Six species have been taken in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCETOPHAGUS.
a. Antenne gradually larger toward tips; body broadly oblong-oval; sub-
basal fovere of thorax deep and distinct.
b. Thorax widest at base.
ec. Last joint of antenns elongate, distinctly longer than the two pre-
ceding combined; size larger, 4.5 or more mm.
1111. PUNCTATUS.
ec. Last joint of antenne shorter, never longer than the two preceding
combined; size smaller, not over 4 mm.
d. Prosternum nearly smooth at middle. 1112. FLEXUOSUS.
dd, Prosternum densely and coarsely punctured; antenne with a
feeble, parallel 4-jointed club. 1113. BIPUSTULATUS.
bb. Thorax narrower at base than at middle; antennal club 5-jointed.
e. Margin of thorax entire, the disk coarsely and deeply punctured.
1114. MELSHEIMERI.
ee. Margin of thorax serrulate; elytra with numerous small yellow
spots. 1115. PLURIPUNCTATUS.
ac. Antennse with last three joints rather suddenly larger; thorax without
sub-basal fovese; elytra piceous spotted with yellow.
1116. oBSsOLETUS.
ast PAMILY XXJII.—MYCETOPHAGID-%.
1111 (3391). MycreropHacus puncratus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei,
V, 1826, 260; ibid. II, 321.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Head and thorax black-
ish; elytra reddish-yellow with black spots; one large.
common, surrounding the scuatellum; another smaller on
each at middle, usually confluent with the lateral mar-
gin and extending narrowly along it, and a third form-
ing a common subapical crossband; antennze reddish, the
apical half more or Jess fuscous. Thorax coarsely and
evenly punctured. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 219.)
Pare Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the
hig 9. . ‘ ‘ eo ; i
(Original. ) northern counties. April 6-September 29. Prob-
ably hibernates. Occurs heveath loose bark and in fungi, especi-
ally in low moist woodlands.
1112 (8393). MycrvTorrtacus FLEXUOSUS Say. loc. cit.
Resembles punctatus but much smaller. Elytral markings very yari-
able, usually nearly as in punctatus, but the middle and subapical black
spots are larger, with their edges very uneven, and there is usually a small
round spot on humerus. Length 38-+ mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11-October 6. Occurs
in fungi and in spring sometimes at sap.
Casey's subdepressus is only a color variety of flerwosus in
which the black spots have become enlarged so as to cover the
ereater part of the elytra, leaving only a narrow oblique reddish
line composed of two or three spots on basal third, another similar
line behind the middle and a spot near the apex. It occurs com-
monly with typical flc.cwosus, and individuals showing the gradual
merging of one color variety into tne other are frequent, several of
them being in the collection at hand.
1118 (8394). Mycrroruacus BIPUSTULATUS Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei., IJ, 1844, 114.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown; elytra each with
an irregular subhumeral yellowish spot which sometimes extends nearly to
suture, and also a transverse oblong one on apical third; antenne and palpi
dull brownish-yellow. Thorax three-fourths wider than long; sides slightly
curved, surface coarsely, densely and unequally punctured. Elytral stri«
feebly impressed, finely punctate; intervals densely punctulate, each with a
single row of suberect yellowish hairs. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Marion County; scarce. April 16. Four specimens collected
by H. Morrison from the window of a cellar in which wood had
been stored.
1114 (83896). MyerrorpHaaus MELSHETIMERI Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
VIII, 1856, 13.
Elongate, parallel. Piceous brown; legs and basal half of antennie
dull yellow; elytra each with a large oblique spot reaching from humerus
THE HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES. ASD
nearly to suture; another broader, behind the middle, and usually a smaller
one on each side, dull yellow; these sometimes confluent so as to make the
larger portion of the surface yellow. Thorax one-half wider than long,
sides strongly curved, disk sparsely, coarsely and equally punctured. Ely-
tral strie with deep, coarse punctures. Length 44.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 9. Readily known by its elongate
form, parallel sides and evenly punctured thorax.
1115 (8397). MycrToPHAGUS PLURIPUNCTATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Scei., VIII, 1856, 18.
Elongate, narrow, parallel. Piceous-black ; elytra with numerous small
reddish-yellow spots. often more or less confluent into oblique bands and
sometimes covering the greater part of the surface; under surface, legs and
basal half of antennze pale, the last five joints of the latter dusky and
slightly larger. Thorax distinctly narrowed at base, the margin finely ser-
rate. Elytral striz finely punctured. indistinctly sv at tip. Length 3.5-
+ mm.
Vigo County; scarce. October 21. Occurs in fungi, especially
that growing on hickory logs and stumps.
1116 (3400). MycrropuHacvs opsotrrtus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
II, 18H, 113.
Oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black; legs and antennee paler ;
elytra each with two irregular oblique reddish-yellow stripes. one extending
from humerus nearly to suture, the other behind the middle; an oval sub-
marginal spot between the two and another at apex. Thorax less than
twice as wide as long, widest at base. hind angles obtuse, disk coarsely and
evenly punctate. Elytra with impressed, entire rows, of coarse deep punc-
tures. Length 4.5 mm.
Kesciusko, Vigo, Dubois ard Pcsey ecunties; rare. April 13-
O-toher 21, Taken from fungi on hickory stumps and by sifting
debris.
Il. Larareus Erichs. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘swift of foot.’’)
The species belonging here are much smaller and more narrowly
oval than in .Wycetophagus. The antenne end in a 3-jointed club
and the epipleure are concave. Four species have been taken in
the State, while a fifth probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LITARGUS.
a. Thorax without basal impressions.
b. Elytra with the pubescence short and stiff, arranged in distinct rows;
last antennal joint short, rounded. 1117. TETRASPILOTUS.
bb. Elytra with pubescence irregularly arranged.
ec. Last antennal joint short, not as wide as jreceding. broadly
rounded at tip; thorax convex, coarsely punctured.
1118. DIDESMUs.
586 FAMILY XXUI.—MYCETOPHAGID.E.
cc. Last antennal joint longer and broader than the preceding, oblique-
ly truncate at tip. NEBULOSUS.
aa. Thorax with distinct basal impressions.
d. Last joint of antennze nearly as long as the two preceding together,
its tip truneate; form depressed. 1119. BALTEATUS,
dd. Last antennal joint short, narrowly rounded at tip; thorax depressed
and finely punctured. 1120. SEXPUNCTATUS.
1117 (3406). Lrrarcts TeTrasprrorus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
VIII, 1856, 14.
Oval, subconvex. Piceous-black, shining; elytra each with two reddish-
yellow spots, one slightly in front of middle, the other one-third from apex.
Thorax less coarsely punctured than elytra, the basal margin sinuate each
side of middle. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Throughout the State: searee. May 16—July 9.
1118 (3407). LirarGts pIpESMUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
261; ibid. II, 322.
Narrowly oblong-oval, rather convex. Piceous, shining; elytra with a
narrow crossband behind the middle and each with an oblique humeral
spot, yellow. Thorax rather coarsely punctate, the base squarely truncate.
Elytra coarsely punctate, the punctures not in rows. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Frequent in southern half of State; much less so in northern
counties. April 10-June 15. Taken in spring by sifting; later
beneath bark.
LL. nebulosus Lee., dull yellow with a piceous dentate band be-
hind the middle and another near apex, length 1.5-2 mm., ranges
from New York to Mexico, and doubtless occurs in the State.
1119 (3405). Lirareus Baureatus Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VILI,
1856, 14.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Piceous, feebly shining; thorax with
patches of yellowish pubescence; elytra each with an irregular basal spot,
widest along the suture, and a narrow oblique crossbar behind the middle.
dull yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long; narrower at apex than
base, sides rounded; disk densely and finely punctured and with a feeble
basal impression each side. Elytra as wide as thorax and less distinctly
punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 22. Taken by sifting.
1120 (8404). Liraraus sexrunecratus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Bll Vs
S26, 261; ibid. IT, 322.
Wlongate-oval, depressed. Piceous, moderately shining; elytra each with
three yellow spots, one sub-basal and two close to suture; one of these be-
fore the middle, the other one-third from apex. Thorax finely but not
densely punctate. Hlytra closely punctate, the pubescence fine and dark,
and with widely separated rows of longer, semi-erect hairs. Length 2.3-
e
Aoi wim,
Throughout the State; frequent. Mav 11-December 7. Occurs
TITE HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES. 587
beneath bark of beech in late autumn and winter; sometimes on
foliage in spring. Hibernates.
TI. Typr-va Steph. 1530. (Gr., ‘‘smoky or fuscous.’’)
To this genus belongs a single small brownish beetle which has
been distributed by commerce to all parts of the world.
1121 (3409). TypHxza rUMATA Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766. G54.
Narrowly oblong-oval, slightly convex. Dull reddish-
yellow, elytra rarely piceous. Antennz distinctly shorter
than head and thorax, the club 3-jointed. Thorax about
twice as wide as long, the apex but slightly narrower than
base, finely and rather closely punctured. Elytra with rows
of fine punctures which become obsolete toward the tip;
pubescence short, moderately dense. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.
(Fig. 220.)
Throughout the State. but scarce. January 1J—Au-
cust 7. Beaten from vegetation; said to often oecur in houses and
where flour and grain are stored.
Fig. 220.
(After Forbes.)
IV. Turimmours Casey. 1900.
Here belongs a single minute species having the head large,
transverse; eves basal; antennal club evlindrical, stout, 3-jointed ;
thorax broadly curved and finely beaded at base; scutellum well
developed; front coxw large, obliquely suboval, rather widely sepa-
rated by the prosternum.
1122 (——). TurimmoLus minutus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., WITT,
1900, 137.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark brownish- or clay-yellow ; legs
and antenne paler. Head and thorax without punctures, the latter more
than twice as wide as long, the disk without basal impressions. Elytra
one-third longer than wide, much wider than thorax; finely, sparsely and
somewhat roughly punctate. Length .7-9 mm.
Marion County; rare. October 31. Two specimens sifted from
woody fungi on side of maple log. Described from Texas; known
also from near Cincinnati.
Family XXIV DERMESTID.E.
Tire Sin Berrses.
Among the small beetles which prev upon dead or decaying ani-
mal matter those helonging to the family Dermestidw are the most
important; many of the species being exceedingly destructive to
skins. furs and other dried animal substances. In form they are
usually oval and plump, and in color dark, often having the surface
Oss FAMILY XXIV.—DERMENTID.1.
partly covered with pale gray or brown spots composed of minute
scales or hairs which are easily rubbed off. When disturbed they
usually ‘* play possum,’’ folding back their legs and rolling over on
their backs, where they remain quiescent for some time. The name
of the typical genus, Dermestes, is derived from two Greek words
meaning ‘‘a skin’’ and ‘‘to devour,’’? whence the common name of
skin-eaters or skin beetles.
The principal distinguishing characters of the family are the
small deflexed head: eves rounded, with small facets, the front
usually with a third simple eve or ocellus; antenne short, inserted
in front of eyes, usually 11-. sometimes 9- or 10-jointed, the last
two or three joints forming a large club; thorax short, in the ma-
jority. of species excavated beneath for the reception of the an-
tenn; elytra covering the abdomen, not striate; abdomen with five
free ventral segments: front cox rather long, conical or oblique,
the cavities open behind except in Byfurus; middle vox oval,
oblique; hind coxa slightly separated. usually dilated into a plate
partly protecting the femora and formed to receive the latter in
repose; legs short, tibia with distinet spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, claws
usually simple.
The larve of the majority of Dermestids are brown, active grubs
clothed with long hairs and usually with a brush of similar hairs at
the end of the body. Many of them have a peenhar gait, running
for a short distance, then stopping and vibrating the hairs with
great rapidity. They are much more destructive than the adult
beetles, but at times appear to be able to live for long periods with
little or no food,
Between 300 and 400 species of Dermestidex are known, about 85
of which, with numerous varieties, are from North Ameriea. The
principal literature treating of these is as follows:
LeConte.— Synopsis of the Dermestide of the United States.’
im Proe. Phil. Aead. Nat. Set., WITT, 1854. 106-113.
Jayne — ‘Revision of the Dermestida of the United States.’ in
Proe. Amer. Phil, Soc. NX, 1882, 843-377.
Casey— ‘Review of the American Dermestide.’? in Journ. N.
Y. Ent. Soe. VEL, 1900, 138-165,
The members of the family which have a range including Indi-
ana are distributed amene eight genera.
KEY TO INDIANA GFNERA OF DERMESTID.E.
a, Tarsi with second and third joints lobed beneath; front coxal cavities
closed behind; claws armed with a large basal tooth. (rig. 221.)
I.) Byrurts.
THE SKIN BEETI.ES, aso
ad. Tarsi simple; front coxal cavities open behind; tarsal claws simple.
b. Head without a simple eye or oeellus on the front; length 6G or
more min. Il. D&RMESTES.
bb. Head with « distinct ocellus; length not over 5 mmn., usually less.
ce. Body either pubescent or covered with small scales: prosternuin
visible between the front coxie.
d. Antennal grooves wanting; basal joint of Lind tarsi much shorter
than second; middle coxa narrowly separated.
e. Antenne t1-jointed; hind ceoxal plates narrow > mesosternum
deeply emarginate in front. III. ATTAGENUS.
ce, Antenme 9-jointed: bind coxal plates short and wide; meso-
sternum sulecate its full length. TV. Deanritrus.
dd, Antennal grooves or pits distinct; basal joint of hind tarsi but
little shorter than the next two combined; middle coxe widely
separated.
f. Viedy pubescent.
y. Antenne stout, subserrate. the club 6- to S-jointed in male.
4-jointed in female; mandibles and labrum uot covered by
prosterntun in repose, VY. TROGODERM A.
gg. Antenne with a large compact 2-jointed club, received in a
deep pit beneath side margin of thorax; mandibles cov-
ered, labrum not covered by prastermuin.
; VI. CRyPTORHOPALUM.
7f. Body covered with small scales; antennal club received within
a deep pit at the apical thoracic angles. VII. ANTIIRENUS.
ec, Body glabrous; the mouth in repose covered hy front legs; pro-
sternum not visible between the front coxie. Vili, Opprni.s,
I. Byrurvus Latr. 1796.
Head very large, front as wide as long with-
ESS out ocellus; eves prominent. ccarsely granulated :
antenne 1]-jointed. club 3-jointed. not received
je ae in pits or grooves; seutellum large, quadrate.
basal tooth of claw. (Aft : :
sad basal toothofehw. Aller One species occurs in the State.
1123 (3416). Byttrts uNicotor Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei.. IIT, 182%, 1975 ibid. 11, 12.
Oblong-oval, convex. Uniform reddish-yellow or pale brown,
rarely piceous, thickly clothed with fine, paler silky pubescence.
Thorax one-third wider than long, coarsely and densely punc-
tate; sides regularly curved. margins broadly depressed, base
slightly broader than apex. Elytra three times as long as wide, ,
rather coarsely and densely punctured. Length 3.7-4.5 min. Fig, 222.
(Pig. S22, (After Forbe3.)
Throughout the State: frequent. May 16—July 6. Occurs on
the flowers of blackberry and raspberry, on which it feeds. The
fruit is also often infested with the larva. a small white worm known
as the ‘‘raspberry fruit worm.’’ which clings to the inside of the
berry.
Pa
590 FAMILY XXIV.—DERMESTID Ai.
II. Derwesres Linn. 1767. (Gr., ‘‘skin + devour.’’)
Oblong or elongate black or piceous species having the front
coxee contiguous; head capable of retraction within the thorax; an-
tenne 11-jointed with a 3-jointed club; body clothed with short
hairs. On the carcasses of dead animals, after the soft parts have
been devoured by other scavengers and only the bones and skin re-
main, they can usually be found in numbers; while one or two are
common household pests, found ahont refuse lard, bacon, feathers
and cheese. Five species have been taken in Indiana, while another
doubtless occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DERMESTES.
«a. Abdomen thickly covered with long whitish pubescence and with a row
of black spots on each side; front portions of side margins of thorax
not visible from above.
b. Pubescence of thorax densely covering the entire surface, variegated
with small spots of black, gray and reddish-brown.
c. Thorax with three small, widely separated spots of pale pubes-
cence, arranged transversely at about the middle of its length;
form more robust; pubescence of scutellum not conspicuously
pale. 1124. CANINUS.
ce. Thorax without the three pale pubescent spots; form more slender
and parallel; pubescence of scutellum dull yellow.
1125. TALPINUS.
bb. Pubescence of thorax gray and limited to the margins, the disk with
a large triangular, nearly smooth spot, black. 1126. vVULPINUS.
aa. Abdomen without whitish pubescence or rows of black spots; side mar-
gins of thorax entirely visible from above.
d, Thorax and basal fifth of elytra covered with uniform reddish-brown
pubescence ; abdomen reddish-brown. 1127. PULCHER.
dd. Thorax without trace of reddish pubescence; abdomen black.
e. Basal two-fifths of each elytron grayish-yellow, enclosing three
black spots. 1128. LARDARIUS.
ee, Wlytra black, sparsely and uniformly clothed with paler pubescence,
and with feeble but visible strie; body suheylindrical.
ELONGATUS.
*1124 (3420). Drermustes caninus Germ., Ins. Spee. Noy., 1824, 84.
Elongate-oblong. Thorax with dense, variegated pubescence; elytra
black, mottled, especially on basil half, with fine black and coarse gray
pubescence, the latter often covering the greater part of the surface; middle
and hind femora with rings of white pubescence. Male with a median pit
on the third and fourth ventral segments, from which arises a bunch of
erect brown hairs. Length 7-8.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. J anuary 6—October 20. Hi-
bernates. Gregarious in winter heneath mullein leaves, bark and
logs.
THE SKIN BEETLES. 591
1125 (8421). DERMESTES TALPINUS Mann., Bull. Mosce., II, 1848, 257.
Klongate, subeylindrical. Thorax densely clothed with variegated hairs ;
elytra black, clothed witb dark bluish-gray, clay-yellow and black hairs;
antenne fuscous; femora with white rings at middle. Length 5.5-6.5 min.
Lawrence County; scarce. May 9. Known heretofore from
Idaho and Nevada, westward. Verified by H. C Fall.
*1126 (3428). Dermestes ytrprnus Fab., Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 64.
Elongate, subconvex. Elytra piceous, uniformly and rather sparsely
clothed with a mixture of black and grayish-yellow hairs; last ventral seg-
ment brown with two white spots at base. Fourth ventral segment of male
with a median pit bearing a bunch of brown hairs. Length 6-9 mm.
Lake, Vigo. Putnam and Monroe counties; frequent. January
13-Decemher 12. Hibernates.
1127 (3424). DerMEstTes PULCHER Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VII,
1854, 108.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and basal fifth of elytra uni-
form pale reddish-brown; remainder of clytra black. Length 6-6.5 mm.
Marion County; scaree. Hibernates. March 20—Deeember 11.
Taken from beneath bark of ash logs.
*1128 (3425). DERMESTES LARDARIUS Linn., Faun. Suec., 140.
Elongate, moderately convex. Black or piceous;
elytra with base marked as shown in Fig. 223; under
surface and legs black with fine, sparse yellowish
pubescence. Thorax black with a few small isolated
tufts of yellowish pubescence, finely and densely puuc-
tate. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 223.)
Throughout the State; frequent. February
7-July 21. This species, known as the ‘‘ham
beetle,’’ the ‘‘larder beetle,’’ ete, has been
widely distributed by commerce and is often a
household pest, especially where bacon and hams
are stored. It is said that they can be attracted
g. 223. (After Howard,
by baits of old cheese and then gathered and de- Bie ee
S. Dep. A
stroyed. Where a smoke-house or storeroom is eA!
overrun with the beetle, its contents should be cleared out and the
room either sprayed with benzine or subjected to strong fumes
of bisulphide of carbon. Where a ham or other object is already
infested, the affected portion should be cut away and the surface
of the remainder washed with a very weak solution of carbolic
acid. If thereafter the windows are screened with fine wire gauze
and the doors kept tightly closed, the contents will probably he
[88—23402]
592 PAMILY NXIV.—DERMESTID.E.
safe. It ig said that an entire generation of the beetle may be
developed in six weeks, so under proper conditions of warmth and
food supply the increase of the insect will be very rapid.
D. elongatus Lee., length 9 mm., is a southern and western spe-
cies which has been recorded from near Cineinnati.
Tl. Arragenus Latr, 1802. (Gr., ‘fa woodcock.’’)
Small oblong species clothed with rather sparse, dark pubes-
cence, having the antenne 11-jointed; hind coxal plate long. narrow
and prominent; mesesternum narrow and emarginate,
1129 (8484). Arracenus Piceus Oliv., Ent. Mist. Nat., IT, 1789, 9.
Oblong, subconvex. Head and thorax black; ely-
tra dark reddish-brown to piceous or black, clothed
with short, sparse pubescence. Thorax coarsely punc-
tate, base hisinuate with a slight impression before the
seutellum. LElytra more finely and densely punctate.
Last joint of male antennal club as long as the entire
remnninde: of antenn:e, pointed at the eud. Length 3.5-
hmm. (Pig. 224.)
Througheut the State; frequent in the south-
ern counties, less no northward. March 16—Au-
Bul’, N Ser Div. Fore gust 26. A common museum and household pest
eee often found on windows while trying to escape.
It is known as the ‘‘black carpet beetle,’’ and the larvae often do»
much damage to carpets, silk and woolen goods, feathers, ete. The
same remedies may be used as are given for the Buffalo carpet
beetle on a succeeding page. Taken also on flowers of wild parsnip
in July.
IV Dearruus Lee. 1861.
One small oblong black species represents this genus in the State.
1130 (8488). DEARTHRUS LoNGULUS Lec., New Spec. N. Amer. Col.. 1,
1868, 73.
Narrowly oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black or piceous. clothed
with short dark pubescence; under surface and legs dark reddish-brown
to piceous, clothed with sparse gray hairs. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, distinctly narrowed from base to apex, sides evenly and feebly
curved, base broadly and feebly lobed and bisinuate; disk rather conrsely
but not densely punctate and with a short, tine median line. Elytra coarsely
but not closely punctate. Last joint of male antennm almost three times
as long as the (we preceding united, obtuse at end. Length 2.5 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; searee. May 3-May 8. Beaten
from flowers of the red haw, Craregus punctala daeq,
THE SKIN BEETLES. 593
V. TrocoperMs Lat. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘to gnaw +skin.’’)
Small, oblong-oval species. having the antennal club 4- to 7-
jointed and the antennal grooves occupying the entire space be-
tween the prosternum and the lateral margin of thorax; elytra with
narrow, oblique crossbars formed by variegated pubescence. Three
species are known from: Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TROGODERMA.
a. Wyes entire, the inner frontal margin not emarginate; antenns of male
serrate, the third and fourth joints equal. (Fig. 225.)
b. Thorax strongly and rather closely punctate, especially tuward the
sides; pubescence persistent. 1181. oRNATUM.
bb. Thorax very minutely and sparsely punctate throughout; pubescence
easily denuded. TARSALE,
aa. Kyes feebly notched or emarginate at about the middle of their inner
frontal edge; male antenn:e compact, not serrate. (Fig. 226.)
ce. Elytra black with reddish bands. 1132. INCLUSUM.
ec. Wlytra brown or piceous with dull faint yellow bands.
11383. OBSOLESCENS.
1131 (8442). TroGoDERMA oRNATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., V,
1825, 186; ibid. II, 290.
Oblong-oval. Black, rather shining, tho-
rax variegated with reddish and gray
hairs; elytra with three irregular conflu-
ent reddish bands bearing gray pubes-
cence; beneath piceous brown. Apex of
Fig. 225. Head and antenna of T'royoderma
ornatum. (After Jayne.) elytra obtuse and as broad as base. Pro-
sternum long and rather broad at tip, subcarinate. Club of male antenne
formed of joints 6 to 11, which are strongly pectinate. Length 3-+.5 mm.
Vigo, Marion and Posey counties: searee. March 23-October
19. Found about houses and cellars; the larve occurring, though
rather rarely, as a museum pest in insect collections.
O. tarsale Melsh., length 1.8-2.5 mm., has been recorded from
near Cincinnati.
1132 (——). TrocopERMA INCLUSUM Lec., L'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854.
110.
Oval, somewhat oblong. Black; thorax
with lines of gray hairs; elytra with four
narrow, sinuous, more or Jess confluent red-
dish bands bearing gray pubescence, the sw)-
apical band enclosing a transverse rhombus __
; Fig. 226. Head and antennz of Trogoderma
on the suture. Thorax of the female twice jnctusum, showing notched eyes. (After
as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate. Jayne) :
Elytra more coarsely punctate; scarcely narrowed from base to apex. Joints
of male antennal club not pectinate. Length 2-3.5 mm.
594 PAMILY XX1IV.—DERMESTID.E.
Throughout the State; scaree. May 11-July 30. Resembles
the preceding but usually smaller. Readily distinguished by the
emarginate eves.
1138 (——). 'TROGODERMA OBSOLESCENS Casey, Journ. N. ¥. Ent. Soe., VIIT,
1900, 154.
Narrower and more elongate than inclusum. Head, thorax and under
surface dull black or piceous; elytra brownish with a faint dull yellow
band bearing gray pubescence near base and another near apex; also a
spot of similar pubescence on each at middle near suture and a second on
side slightly behind the middle. Thorax twice as broad as long, its sur-
face, as well as that of elytra, very finely and rugosely punctate. Length
2-3 mm.
Lawrence County: searee. May 11. Beaten from flowers of
red haw, Crategus.
VI. Cryprornorstum Guer. 1838. (Gr., ‘hidden + elub.’’)
Small black or piceous, sparsely pubescent species having the
antennal club 2-jointed, the deep grooves beneath the margin of
the thorax; prosternum covering all the mouth parts except the
labrum, its process with bread tip widely dividing the mesosternum.,
Tit (S449). CryprorvuoPALUM HeMORRHOIDALE Lec., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.,
T, 1824, 170.
Hlongate-oval, moderately convex. Head black: thorax and elytra dark
reddish-brown or piceous, the latter with apical third dull yellow and with
two transverse bands of short, rather sparse yellow hairs. Head coarsely
and densely, thorax more finely, punctate; the latter with pale hairs on the
sides and basal lobe. Beneath, black with long, sparse yellow pubescence.
Joints of antennal club of male subequal, oral, together twice as long as
the preceding joints united. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Tippecanoe, Marion, Owen, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent.
May 3—June 23. ‘Taken on flowers of the panicled cornel or dog-
wood, Cornus candidissima Marsh.
1185 (3452). Cryprornorxtum triste Lee. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei,
VI, (854, 114.
Rather narrowly oval, subeonvex. Uniform black or piceous, clothed
with sparse yellowish, semi-erect pubescence; antennze reddish-brown to
picecous. Thorax finely and very densely punctured, the lobe at middle of
huse narrow, truncate; hind angles acute. Elytra more coarsely and Jess
densely punctured. Antennal club of male of two unequal joints, the ter-
minal one being only half as Jong as the preceding. Length 2-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common, April 27-September 19. Oe:
curs mm spring on the flowers of red haw, yellow puceoon and other
plants, and on those of goldenrod in autumn. Whenever the plant
THE SKIN BEETLES. N99
is touched or jarred they feign death and fall off. The proper
name of this species is somewhat in doubt. C. triste was described
from California and picicorne from ‘Pennsylvania to Georgia’’ by
LeConte on the same page. Jayne says the two are synonyms.
Casey says triste is a west coast species and that he has not seen
picicorne, but that it is probably a valid specics. If the two are dis-
tinct, our species should bear the latter name.
VII. Awrurenvs Geoff. 1864. (Gr., ‘‘a buzzing insect.’’)
Short, compact species, readily known hy having the thorax
broad at base and narrow in front, its lateral margins bent under
the body and divided by a deep groove or pit for the reception of the
antennal club; the mouth parts except labrum covered by the pro-
jecting prosternum, and surface covered by small, variegated scales
instead of the usual hairy pubescence. They are the worst of
museum pests, being especially destructive to dried insects. Five
or six species are known from the United States, four of which
occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTLIRENUS,
a. Antenne 11-jointed, the club 8-jointed.
b. Eyes emarginate; scales of surface coarse, large, triangular, as wide
as long; antennal club oval.
ec. White seales on elytra in two or three narrow. sinuous bands or
spots; these usually connected with projections from a stripe
of orange scales along the suture. 1136.) scROPHULARLE.
cc, White seales of elytra confluent into a broad median or sub-basal
band. 1137. THORACICUS.
bb. Eyes entire; scales fine, elongate, three times as long as wide; an-
tennal club oblong. 1138. VERBASCI.
aa, Antennse 8-jointed, club 2-jointed; eyes entire; scales small, triangular.
1139. CASTANE.E.
1136 (3444). ANTHRENUS SCROPHULARIZ Linn., System Nat., IT, 1766, 568.
Ovate, rather convex. Hlytra
marked with a longitudinal sutural
stripe and an apical spot of brick
red or dull yellow scales, the stripe
with three equidistant lateral projec-
tions of the same color, the first two
of which join narrow, sinuous white
bands. Body beneath black, covered
with white and orange scales. Length f
223.5 mm. (Fig. 227.)
Lake, Cass. Wabash and Ma-
rion counties; scarce. April 27—
December 26. This is the carpet Fig227. (After”Riley.)
596 FAMILY XXIV.—DERMESTID.E.
beetle, the larva of which is known as the Buffalo moth. It is
a European species, which made its appearance in the eastern
United States about 1874, and has since been widely distributed,
becoming one of the worst of household pests. In the larval stage
it feeds upon carpets and woolen goods, furs and feathers. The
larva is a short fat grub about. one-fifth of an inch in length,
clothed with stiff brown hairs, with short tufts of similar hairs
on the sides of each segment. and a longer tuft at the extremity,
forming a tail-like projection. (Fig. 227, b.) It occurs all the
year round in well-heated houses, but more frequently in summer
and fall, in the cracks of floors near the edges of rooms and beneath
furniture. It feeds upon the woolen fibres of the carpet, often fol-
lowing the line of a floor crack and cutting long slits. When full
grown it contracts, sheds its skin and becomes a quiescent pupa. In
this stage it remains for several weeks, or even months, the length
of time depending upon the temperature and surroundings. The
mature beetles begin to appear in October and are found about the
house in winter, being most abundant in spring when they are mat-
ing, and may be often taken at the windows while trying to escape.
Where it his once become installed nothing but the most thor-
ough and long-continued measures will eradicate this beetle. Dr.
L, O. Howard, in writing of the known remedies says: ‘‘In Europe
it is not especially noted as a household pest, and this is doubtless
owing to the fact that carpets are little used. In this country car-
pets once put down are seldom taken up for a year, and in the mean-
time the insect develops uninterruptedly. Where polished floors
and rugs are used, the rugs should be taken up and beaten, and in
the same way woolens and furs should never be allowed to remain
undisturbed for an entire year. It is a well-known fact that the
carpet habit is a bad one from other points of view. and there is
little doubt that if carpets were more generally discarded in our
more northern States, the Buffalo bug would cease to be the house-
hold pest that it is today.’’
“Where convenience or conservatism demands an adherence to
the old custom, however, we have simply to insist upon extreme thor-
oughness and a slight variation in the customary methods. The
rooms should he attended to one or two at atime. The carpets
should be taken up, thoroughly beaten, and sprayed out of doors
with benzine, and allowed to air for several hours. The rooms them-
selves should be thoroughly swept and dusted, the floors washed
down with hot water, the cracks carefully cleaned out and kerosene
or benzine poured into the cracks and sprayed under the baseboards,
THE SKIN BEETLES. 597
The extreine inflammability of benzine, and even its vapor, when
confined, should be remembered and fire carefully guarded against.
Where the floors are poorly constructed and the cracks are wide it
will be a good idea to fill the cracks with plaster of paris in a liquid
state; this will afterwards set and lessen the number of harboring
places for the insects. Before relaying the carpet tarred roofing
paper should be laid upon the floor, at least around the edges, but
preferably over the entire surface, and when the earpet is relaid it
will he well to tack it down rather lightly, so that it can be orvasion-
ally lifted at the edges and examined for the presence of the in-
sect.’’*
VIRT (3444a). ANTMRENUS THORACICUS Melsh., Proc. Phil Acad. Nat. Sci.
II, 1844, 117.
Resembles the preceding in form but simaller. The reddish sutural
stripe is rarely present; the first and second crossbars of white are wide,
merging on the sides only, or throughout their entire extent, when they
form a wide sub-basal or median crosshand. Under surface covered with
white scales. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Posey County; rare. Beaten from fiowers of Crategus. This
specics is placed as a synonym of scrophilarie hy Jayne and Hen-
shaw, but is very distinct. It was described from the ‘‘middle and
southern States’’ 30 vears before the European species was known
from the eastern United States.
*1138 (3445). ANTHRENCS VERBASCI Oliv., Entom., 1V, 1795, 7.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Thorax black. the disk
sparsely clothed with yellow scales, the sides more densely
with white ones; elytra black, with a large basal ring and
two transverse zigzag bands of white scales, bordered by
yellow ones. Under surface clothed with fine, lung grayish-
yellow scales. Length 2-3 mm. (Tig. 228.)
Marion, Vigo and Knox counties, common; prob- Fie 28 X7.
ably throughout the State. February 12-June 16. (After Glover.)
Oceurs especially on the flowers of the wheat-or corn-cockle, Lych-
nis githago Linn. It is also the most common and destructive of
museum pests, being especially injurious to skins of birds, mammals
and dried insects. If onee infested, the only remedy is a teaspoon-
ful or two of bisulphide of carbon poured into the boxes or drawers
containing the specimens. They should then be closed as tightly as
possible. Naphthaline fakes, kept in liberal quantities in or about
the cabinet, will disguise the odor of the dried insects and repel the
pests, but they serve only as a preventative and not as a remedy
*"Principal Household Insects of the U.S." in Bull No. 4, New Ser., U. S. Div. Entomology, 1896, 59-60.
598 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERIDE.
for boxes already infested, In heated buildings it begins to emerge
from the pupal stage about February 15th; in open air probably
not until spring.
1139 (3446). ANTHRENUS CASTANE® Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 116.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Head and thorax black; the latter
with the disk sparsely, the base and sides narrowly and densely, covered
with small triangular yellow scales; elytra chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed
with similar scales arranged in three narrow zigzag crossbands, with a
few scattered ones between. Under surface piceous-brown, the sternum
densely, the abdomen sparsely, covered with yellowish scales. Length 2-
2.5 mom.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 3-July 138. Occurs on
the flowers of Hydrangea, Crategus and Ceanothus. I have fol-
lowed Casey in giving the name cestanee to the species commonly
listed as musworum. He states that the latter is much larger and
differs especially in the structure of the antennal joints. I have
never seen castance about houses or museum collections.
VIII. Orpritus Erichs. 1846. (Gr., ‘‘a sea fish.’’)
Small, compact, oblong-oval black beetles having the surface
nearly smooth ; spine of prosternum short, reaching, but not passing
between the front cox; front legs large, protecting the mouth
parts; thorax as wide at base as the elytra, its base with a broad
lobe at middle, the side margins beneath with a pit behind the an-
tennal grooves for the reception of the front knees in repose. One
species occurs in Indiana.
1140 (3455). Orpuibus aTer Drichs., Nat. Ins., III, 1846, 463.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining, without pubescence.
Antenne reddish-brown, 11-jointed, the club 3-jointed. Wntire upper sur-
face coarsely punctate. Blytra somewhat rugose, the punctures of the basal
region coarser and densely crowded. Scutellum large, oval, with a few
punctures. Length 2.3-2.8 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; not taken north of Fountain
County. May 3-July 11. Ocenrs on the flowers of the J ersey tea.
Ceanothus americanus, T1., on those of the red haw, Crategus, and
other plants. Listed by Jayne and Henshaw as O. glabratus, a
Kuropean species, but Erichson, LeConte and Casey claim it is
distinet.
Fanily XXNV. TTSTERID.E.
Tue ister Berries.
A fainily of medium size, comprising small, usually black, shin-
ing beetles having the elytra truncate behind, leaving two segments
THE HISTER BEETLES. O99
of the abdomen uncovered. In form they are variable, either ob-
long and flat or, more usually, round. oval, globose or cylindrical.
All are very compact, have a very hard surface and the elytra are
usually marked with a number of strie. According to species, these
vary much in number, length and connection and are therefore
much used in classification. The beetles live for the most part under
the bark of logs, in decaying fungi, carrion, animal excrement or
ants’ nests. They were formerly thought to be scavengers, but it
is now believed they are predaceous in all stages, and devour the
larvee of Diptera and other forms which are feeding upon the de-
caying matter.
The name Hister is usually supposed to have been derived from
the Latin histrio, meaning a clown or mimic. and to have been ap-
plied to these insects by Linneus on account of their habit of re-
tracting the antenne and legs and feigning death when disturbed.
However, LeConte states * that as a vast number of other insects
feign death in the same marmer, this derivation appears inappro-
priate. He therefore suggests that as the Roman poet Juvenal, in
one of his satires, mentions a filthy fellow of the name of Hister.
Linneus, who was fond of alluding to the classie writers of Rome.
on finding these beetles living in the most filthy condi- :
tions, in the midst of excrements and putrefaction, == 4
probably, and very properly. gave this name to them.
In addition to the characters mentioned, the mem- AA
bers of the family have the antenne elbowed or ab- : a
ruptly bent and retractile (Fig. 229), the first joint Fig. 229.
long, the eighth and following joints forming a com- “et Baron.
pact, rounded or rarely triangular club; thorax closely applied to
the elytra, usually with cavities beneath the side margins to receive
the clubs of the antennx; prosternum frequently lobed in front and
prolonged between the front cox. the latter transverse or globose,
the cavities open behind ; middle and hind coxe rounded or subquad-
rate, widely expanded ; abdomen with five free ventral segments, the
first very large, the fifth very short: legs short, retractile ; tibiz com-
pressed, front ones toothed and more or less fitted for digging; tarsi
slender, short, 5-jointed (except in Acritus and .Lletes, where the
hind ones are 4-jointed), the front ones usually received in grooves
on the front face of the tibie.
The principal literature treating of the North American mem-
hers of the family is as follows:
~~ *Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XI, 1859, 310.
600 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID_E.
LeConte, John E.—‘‘A Monograph of the North American His-
teroides,’’ in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 32-86, pls.
I-VI.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Histeridx of the United States,’’ in
Proce. Amer. Phil. Soe., NII, 1873, 270-363.
Casey.—‘‘Descriptions of isolated Genera and Species of His-
teride,’’? 7 Ann. N. Y. Aead. Sci., VIL, 1893, 533-578.
Nearly 2,000 species of the family are known, about 260 of which
are from North America. Of these 6, distributed among 13 genera,
have been taken in Indiana. The family is first divided into three
tribes, and these in turn into genera.
KEY TO TRIBES OF HISTERIDJA2.
a. Hend stretched out forward or horizontal; mandibles very prominent ;
form very much depressed. Tribe I. IIoLoLEPrrnt, p. 600.
aa. Head retracted, bent downward; mandibles not very prominent; form
convex, usually rounded, oval or cylindrical.
b. Prosternum distinctly lobed in front (the lobe very short in Tribatis.)
Tribe II. HustTrini, p. 601.
bb. Prosternum not lobed in front. Tribe IIT. Saprint. p. 617.
Tribe I. HOLOLEPTINI.
This tribe contains in our fauna the single venus:
J. Tlononppra Payk. I811. (Gr.. ‘tall + thin.’’)
Medium-sized, oblong or nearly square, very flat and thin beetles
which live usually beneath the close bark of freshly felled poplar.
tulip and elm trees. They have the labrum deeply and broadly
grooved, its apex triangular and strongly bent downward; front
tibiz dentate on the inner edge; antennal club without distinct
cavity for its lodgment, being merely received in a slight depres-
sion on the under side of thorax. Twe species are known from the
State.
1141 (3460). Hotorerra Ltuctoa Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Iist.. V. 1845, 37,
pl. I, fig. 2.
Subquadrate, depressed. Thorax transverse, apex widely emarginate.
base truncate, hind angles obtuse; disk punctured at the sides, the margi-
nal stria entire; apical angles of male with a deep pit. Blytra with first
dorsal stria entire; the second very short, basal; third a mere puncture at
base; subhumeral deep, abbreviated at both ends. Length 8 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; searce. March 10—April 21. Taken
from beneath cottonwood bark iu low damp woods.
THE THSTER BEETLES. 601
1142 (8461). Ho LoLerra FOSSULARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
Ps25, ST ¢ ahi, 1,271.
Rescembles closely the preceding, differing only in the
striation of the elytra. The first stria is short, extending
not over a fourth of the elytra, the second still shorter and
the third merely a trace. Males with a deep pit near the j
front angles of thorax, this lacking in females. Length 7T-
9.5 mm. (lig. 230.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April 6-June
Appears to be much more common in spring.
27.
. : ; ‘5: Fig. 230. X 3.
This and the preceding are very close and time will — (“rginal.)
doubtless prove that they are the same, Say’s name having priority.
Tribe Il. HISTRINI.
To this tribe belong a number of genera. which live mainly in
excrements or beneath bark. They vary much in form and have the
mandibles capable of beimg applied to the front edge of the pro-
sternum so as to conceal the mouth. Between the prosternal lobe
and the prosternum proper is a suture, so that the former appears
to be a distinct piece. In a number of genera the lobe is very wide,
extending to the under edge of the thorax and forming the floor of
a cavity which holds the antenne when the beetle is in repose.
When so extended, the widened portion is called the ‘‘pectoral
plate.”? Six of the twelve known genera of the tribe are repre-
sented in Indiana, while a seventh probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HISTRINI.
a. Antennal cavities beneath the front angles of the thorax, open in front,
but closed more or less completely beneath by the pectoral plate. *
vb. Club of antennze more or less oval, pubescent, and distinctly ringed
or annulate; therax without a lobe on the side.
c. Mandibles rather prominent, upper edge rounded; labrum trape-
zoidal; antennal club broadly oval; elytra distinctly striate.
II. HIsTER.
ce. Mandibles retracted, upper edge acute; labrum short, very trans-
verse.
d. Form. ovate; elytra searcely striate; prosternum broad, the lobe
short; antennal club truncate. III. TRiBacs.
dd. Form more oblong; elytra distinctly striate; prosternum of mod-
erate width, the lobe distinct; antennal club rounded.
IV. EPIERus.
bb. Club of antennz obconical. solid, glabrous; thorax with a distinct
lobe on each side; clypeus truncate. V. HET-RIUS.
aa, Antennal cavities beneath the middle of the inflexed sides of the thorax,
in front of the outer portion of the coxse, not closed beneath hy a
pectoral plate.
602 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID.V.
e. Tibise all dilated, the front ones with large terminal spurs.
VI. DeNpROVHILUS,
ce. Middle and hind tibise slender.
f. Front tibie dilated, with large terminal spur. VII. PAROMALUS.
ff. Front tibie feebly dilated, with small spur. ANAPLEUS.
TT. Wisrer Linn. 1765. (1, ‘fa clown or mimic.’’)
A very large genus, comprising about 8+ of the known North
American species. Many of them are nominal only, being sepa-
rated by characters which are variable or unstable, such as the
length of the outer thoracic stria and the length and connection of
certain of the elytral striw. Since these striw are so much used in
the separation of species in almost all of the genera, the following
brief description of them is given:
Near each side margin of the thorax there are usually two
strive, known as the ‘‘outer and inner thoracic strie.’’ The first of
these is often very short or wholly wanting and in the same species
is often variable in length. The strie of each elytron are normally
nine in number, but several of them are more or less abbreviated,
so that the number apparent is much less. Six of these, when
present, are found on the disk, and, beginning near the margin,
are called ‘‘first dorsal,’’ ‘‘seeond dorsal,’’ ete.; the sixth one,
nearest the suture, being known as the ‘‘sutural.’’ The fourth,
fifth and sixth are often very much abbreviated. On the margin of
the elytron, outside of the first dorsal. there may he three other
striw known as the ‘‘inner, outer and oblique subhumerals,’’ or if
only one be present, as the ‘“‘subhumeral.’’ The two dorsal seg-
thents left exposed by the truneate elytra are known as the ‘‘pro-
pygidium’? and the ‘pygidium.’? and the character of their pune-
tuation is also often used in the separation of species. To obviate
the necessity of a very long key, the species of the genus Hister
have been divided into six or seven groups or subgenera, four of
which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SUBGENERA OF HISTER.
a. Front tibie with the tarsal groove badly defined, straight; middle and
hind tibise with small spines.
vb. Mesosternum truncate or emarginate at apex: inner thoracic stria
always present, usually entire. Subgenus I. HIsTEr.
bb. Mesosternum more or less produced in front; inner thoracie stria en-
tirely absent. Subgenus IT. Puerister.
a Wront tibiee with (he tarsal grooye well defined; middle and hind tibin
subdentate: inner thoracic stria absent.
ce. Front tibie without a tooth on the inner side near the base; spine of
prosternum flattened at apex. Subgenus IIT. Prarysonta,
THE HISTER BEETLES. 603
ce. Front tibiz with a small tooth on the inner side near the base; spine
of prosternum convex. Subgenus LV. CyListrrrx.
SuBGENus I. (HISTER.)
Rounded or oval, convex species, having the elytra always
striate; thorax nearly always with two marginal striew, the outer
often short; hind tibiw narrower at base than at apex, and with two
rows of spines. Since the number of species and varieties of the
subgenus taken in the State is 22, while five others may occur, they
are for convenience arranged in four groups, separated as follows:
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS HISTER.
a. Margin of thorax fringed with short hairs; antennal cavities shallow.
Group A.
aa. Margin of thorax not fringed; antennal cavities deep.
bv. Prosternum convex without striz on the sides.
ec. Mesosternum emarginate in front. Group B.
ce. Mesosternum truncate in front. Group C.
bb. Prosternuni more or less flattened with a stria on each side; meso-
sternum very feebly emarginate; outer thoracic stria usually en-
tire. Group D.
Group A.
To this group belong two rather robust species having the en-
tire margin of the thorax fringed with short vellowish hairs. One
of the two has been taken in the State, while the other probably
oceurs.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Front tibis bidentate; outer marginal stria of thorax entire; color
black and red. 1148. BIPLAGIATUS.
aa. Front tibie not dentate; outer marginal stria abbreviated; color wholly
black. LAEVIPES.
1148 (3472). HisTer piptaciatus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Tlist., V, 1845,
55, pl. 3, fig. 4.
Broadly oval. Black; elytra each with a large curved red space on
the center. Thorax with two entire strie, its surface smooth or nearly so.
Elytra without trace of subhumeral stria; each with three entire dorsal
strie and a trace of fourth at base and apex, the sutural extending from
apex one-third to one-half towards base. Pygidium sparsely and rather
finely punctured. Length 5 mm.
Cass County; rare. One specimen dug from a burrow in a
sand bank by Dr. Robert Hessler. April 17. Probably occurs
sparingly throughout the southern two-thirds of the State.
H. levipes Germ., length 3.5-4.5 mm., is said to occur from
Pennsylvania to Georgia.
604 FAMILY XXV.—ITNST#RID-E,
Group B.
All the members of this group have the mesosternum distinctly
emarginate in front and the thorax without ciliz on the front and
side margins. The following species have been taken or may occur
in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP u.
a. Subhumeral stria entire; elytra with four dorsal stris, the fourth some-
times abbreviated at base.
b. Outer thoracic stria entire.
ce Surface above sparsely but distinctly punctured. 1144. HARRISIT.
ce. Surface smooth.
d. Apical tooth of front tibia more prominent than the second;
length 5-5.5 mm. 1145. MERDARIUS.
dd. Apical tooth much less prominent than the second.
e. Sutural stria long, extending in front of middle.
f. Size larger, 5-7 mm. 3146. INTERRUPTUS.
ff. Size smaller, net over 3 mm. 1147. sTyaicus.
ec. Sutural stria very short, apical; length 5 mm.
11460. yar. IMMUNTs.
bb. Outer thoracic stria much abbreviated or entirely absent.
g. Outer stria entirely obliterated; prosternal lobe margined.
h. Thoracic margin thickened; inner stria entire; Jength 4.5 mm.
1148. MARGINICOLIIS.
hh. Thoracic margin not thickened; inner stria abbreviated behind ;
length 2.5-3.5 mm. COGNATUS,
gg. Outer thoracic stria visible, usually forming a short are near the
front angle; inner stria slightly abbreviated at tip; length 3.5-
5.5 mim. 1149. rapatus.
ad. Subhumeral stria interrupted at middle, or often entirely obsolete.
i. Front tibie serrvlate with several spinules or small sharp teeth.
j. Both outer and inner subhumeril strize present, the latter apical,
deeply impressed; elytra with four entire dorsal striae; length
3.5 nom. 1150. ABBREVIATUS.
jj. Subhumerals entirely absent or with only a mere trace: elytra with
three dorsal strive; length 4+ mm. 1151. cryviits.
vi. Front tibie tridentate, the teeth being processes of the tibia itself.
k. Thorax with but one marginal stria.
i. Blytra with three dorsal strize.
m. Epipleura with one stria; front tibie 4-dentate; length 5 mm.
SEMISCULPTUS.
mut. Epipleura with two strive; front. tibie ‘dentate: length
bid
tay
4 im. DISPAR.
W. Elytra with four entire dorsal strix: epipleura unistriate; length
5.5 mm. T1152. oscuLatus.
kk. Thorax with two strim.
nu. Wlytra with three entire strize.
0. Inner subhumeral present at apex, moderately impressed ; epi-
pleura with two strin; length 5.5 mm. 1158. pepuraror,
THE IISTER BEETLES. 605
vo. Subhumeral strive wholly absent.
p. Apex of prosternal lobe truncate; epipleura with two strize ;
length 5-5.5 mm. 1154. FuRTIVUS.
pp. Apex of prosternal lobe rounded; epipleura with three striz ;
length 4-6 mm. 1153a. INCERTUS.
nu, Elytra with four entire striae; outer thoracic stria abbreviated ;
form oblong; length 4.5 mm. CURTATUS,
1144 (3477). HusTer HARRISIT Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 124.
Rounded-oval, convex. Surface sparsely and equally punctured. Tho-
rax with two stris, the outer entire and slightly curved at base, the inner
often slightly the shorter. Elytra with four entire striz, fifth extending to
middle, sutural longer than fifth. sulhumeral entire. Front tibie with four
or five teeth, the apical shorter than the second. Length 4-5 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Pulaski, Cass and Marion counties; frequent.
April 10-June 26. Occurs principally in cows’ dung. Frequent
beneath chunks on beach of Lake Michigan.
1145 (3479). Hisirer Merpartus Hoffm., Ent. Hefte., I, 39.
Oblong-oval, convex. Thorax with two entire strise which usually unite
at the base, the inner somewhat sinuous. a few sparsely placed punctures
along the sides. Elytra with four cutire strie or with the fourth slightly
abbreviated at base, fifth and sutural extending to middle, subhumeral en-
tire, nearly straight. Front tibise with four teeth, the apical one more
prominent than the second and slightly notched at tip. Propygidium rather
sparsely, pygidium more densely punctured. Notch of mesosternum deep
and broadly reunded. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 25-October 24,
1146 (3480). [listers 1nrerruprus Beauv... Tis., 1805, 180.
Broadly ovate, convex. Thorax with two entire striw, not united at
base, the inner rarely sinuate, surface without punctures. Elytra with
three entire strie, fourth slightly abbreviated at base, fifth very short, su-
tural extending in front of middle. Pygidium rather finely and sparsely
punctured. Front tibis: with five teeth, the apical one shorter than the
second and bifid. Notch.of mesosternum bread but very shallow. Length
5.5-7 mm.
Common beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan;
taken elsewhere only in Vigo County, where it is scarce. May 6-
October 11.
1146a (5482). Ilisrer tNTERRUPTUS IMMUNIS Erichs., KI. Jahrbueb, 1834.
148.
Close to interruplus and, in my opinion, only a variety of that species.
Differs by being shorter and proportionally broader, and by having the su-
tural stria very short or often entirely obsolete. Front tibire with five sub-
equal teeth. Length 5-6 min.
606 FAMILY XXV.—DISTERID.”.,
Common along the beach of Lake Michigan in company with UN
ferruptus; not noted elsewhere in the State. May 20-June 10.
The length of the sutural stria, the only character used by Horn in
separating several species, is often uncertain and variable in the
same species.
1147 (3481). Huister styaicus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 48.
Resembles interruptus in almost every particular except size. Form
more broadly oval; thorax with stris entire, parallel, equidistant from each
other and from the margin; disk very minutely punctulate. Propygidium
coarsely but very sparsely punctulate; pygidium finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Length 2.5 min.
Putnam County; rare. April 24. Taken by sifting about a
deserted mouse’s nest.
LAS CHS). LlIsTerR MARGINICOLLIS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845,
58, pl. 8, fig. 11.
Broadly oblong-oval, subconvex. Thorax with margin thickened, con-
vex; outer stria wholly absent; inner one entire, close to margin; surface
very finely punctulate, sides more coarsely punctate. Elytra with sub-
humeral and three dorsal strix entire, fourth abbreviated at base some-
times only on apical half, fifth short, apical; sutural extending beyond
middle. Epipleura with one stria. Front tibize with five rather acute
tecth. Notch of mesosternum very shallow. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Lake, Marion and Posey counties; searce. March 13-August 26.
Those on the earlier date were taken in company with several other
beetles beneath honey-comh on the ground in dense woods.
AA. coguatus Lee., is said to oecur in the Middle States, Illinois
and Wisconsin.
1149 (8486). Hisrer rapatus Lec., loc. cit., 50, pl. 2. fig. 8.
Broadly oval, subconvex. Thorax with outer stria short, but variable
in length; inner stria usually abbreviated at tip. surface minutely punctu-
late, more coarsely on sidcs between the strie. Elytra with subhumeral
and three dorsal strime entire, fourth slightly abbreviated at base. fifth
usually one-third, sutural one-half, the length of elytra. Front tibie with
six or more teeth. Length 4-6.5 mun.
Marshall, Marion, Vigo and Putnam counties: frequent. May
6-Ovtober 11. Qceeurs beneath earrion. The outer thoracic stria
varies from a mere are at anterior angle to half the leneth of the
inuer stria, The fifth dorsal is also variable, the basal portion
often being present either as a line or disconnected punctures,
THE HISTER BEETLES. 607
1150 (3490). Waster ABBREVIATUS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 53.
Broadly oval, convex. Thorax with inner stria en-
tire, outer usually extending to middle, often shorter;
surface finely punctulate. Elytra with two subhumerals,
the inner apical, the outer basal, the two with their ends #
overlapping near middle; entire dorsal stri. four, strong-
ly punctured, fifth short, apical, sutural reaching middle.
Pygidium finely and sparsely punctate. Front tibiee with
four feeble teeth, the apical one bifid. Length 3.5-5.5 min.
(Fig. 231.)
Vig. 231.” 5.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 12-Oc- (Original.
tober 9. Occurs especially beneath dead fish and turtles along sandy
margins of lakes and ponds; also rarely in fungi, cow dung, ete.
1151 (3491). Huisver civitis Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 55, pl. 3.
fig. 5.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Thorax with inner stria entire. the outer
represented only by an are at front angle. Elytra without subhumeral and
with only three dorsal stri, the fourth existing merely as a trace at apex.
Propygidium coarsely and very sparsely, pygidium more finely, punctured.
Front tibiz with very fine teeth or none at all. Length 4 mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 11. One specimen from beneath a
chunk in dry upland woods.
HZ. semisculplus Lec., form oblong, is known from Illinois. H.
dispar Lec., also with three dorsal strie#, occurs in Georgia, Tlinois
and Kansas.
1152 (——). HISTER OSCULATUS sp. nov.
Broadly oval, convex. Thorax with inner stria entire, close to margin,
outer one wholly absent; disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctate on
sides, smooth at middle. Elytra with four entire dorsal strive, a trace of
fifth near apex, sutural on apical third but not reaching apex; inner sub-
humeral deeply impressed on apical third, outer absent. Propygidium and
pygidium sparsely and finely punctate. Front tibise with three teeth, the
middle one the largest. Notch of mesosternum rather deep and broadly
rounded. Length 5.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 2c. The absenee of outer thoracic
stria, the coarse punctures on sides of thorax and the presence of
four entire dorsals, readily distinguish this from all other members
of the depurator group of Horn.
1153 (3494). HISTER DEPURATOoR Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825.
83; ibid. II, 261.
Broadly ovate, convex. Thorax with the inner stria entire, outer vari-
able, usually reaching middle or beyond. Elytra with three entire dorsal
strive, fourth apical, rarely half the length of elytra, fifth a mere trace,
sutural reaching middle; inner subhumeral moderately impressed at apex,
[8923402]
608 FAMILY XXV.—IlISTERID.%.
outer with only a trace. Propygidium coarsely and sparsely, pygidium more
finely, punctured. Front tibize with three teeth, the apical prominent and
slightly bifid at tip. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; more frequent in the northern counties.
June 10-September 18. Occurs in putrid fungi and excrement.
The subhumeral, fourth, fifth and sutural strie are often partially
represented by detached punctures and the sutural rarely reaches
apex.
1153a (8496). HISTER DEPURATOR INCERTUS Marsuel, Mon. Hist., 1854, 269.
A variety of depurator without trace of subhumeral stria and with the
epipleura tri-striate. Length 5-6 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. June 11,
1154 (3495). Ilisrer rurtivus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 815.
Resembles depurator, differing only in having the subhumeral stria
wholly absent and the apex of the prosternal lobe truneate or faintly emar-
ginate, with the sides of the emargination slightly prominent. Length
5-6 main.
Wells, Vigo and Jennings countics; searee. -ame 11-Septem-
ber 24.
HT. curtatus Lee., without trace of subhumeral strix, but with a
short humeral appendix, is known from Pennsylvania and Illinois.
i
Group ©.
In this group the front margin of the mesosternum is truneate
and the side pieces of meso- and metasterna grooved. Seven species
occur in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP Cc.
a. Elytra bicolored, black and red; epipleura very narrow with one strin.
1155. BIMACULATUS.
ad. Vlytra wholly black: epipleura broader, with two strim.
b. Blytra with two subhumeral striae, the outer entire; thorax with but
one marginal stria. 1156.) SEDECIMSTRIATUS.
bb. Elytra without subhumeral stria.
c. Elytra with five entire dorsal strie.
d. Thorax with two marginal striw, the outer one short.
e. Surface smooth. 1157. AMERICANUS.
ce, Surface distinctly punctured. 1158. PERPLEXUS.
dd. Thorax with only the inner stria present. 1159. EXARATUS.
ce, Elytra with four entire dorgal strim or less.
f. Four entire dorsal strim present: epipleura with two strive.
1160.) NuUBILUS.
ff. Three entire dorsal strim present, the fourth short. basal; epi-
pleura with three stri:s, 1161. PonLurus.
THE HWISTER BEETLES. 609
1155 (8507). Hisrer nimactLareus Linn., Syst. Nat., XI, 567.
Oblong-ovate, convex. Elytra black, with the outer diagonal half
orange red. Thorax with one fine marginal stria, abbreviated at tip; disk
minutely punctulate and with a broad shallow impression on each side near
the front angles. LElytra with five entire striz, the sutural extending in
front of the middle; the subhumeral absent. Front tibise with three teeth;
mesosternum truncate. Length 4.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. April 13.
1156 (3505). JIIsTrr SEDECIMSTRIATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
VY, 1825, 36; ibid. II, 263.
Rounded-oyal. convex. Thorax with inner marginal stria entire, outer
wholly absent. Elytra with five entire dorsal strie, the fifth arching at
base and joining the sutural, and with two subhumerals, the outer entire,
the inner on apical half only. Front tibiz with three teeth, the apical one
finely bifid. Length 4-5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 2-September 10. A
prettily and well marked species, common locally beneath carrion
and in excrement.
*1157 (3507). Il1sver AMERICANUS Payk., Monograph Hist., 1811, 31.
Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Thorax with inner stria entire, the
outer varying from a mere are at front angle to nearly entire. Elytra with
tive entire strix, the fifth curved at base and often joining the sutural; sub-
humeral absent. Upper surface smooth. Front tibis with three teeth, the
apical one prominent and finely bifid. Length 3-4 mm.
Throughout the State; one of the most common of the family.
Ilibernates. January 6—-October 9. Oceurs usually beneath logs or
bark in low moist woods. Horn says that the fifth dorsal very
rarely joins the sutural but in one-third of the 24 or more specimens
at hand the two are united, while in one specimen they unite on one
side and not on the other.
1158 (3508). Hlrsrer perPtexus Lec., New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 61.
Closely allied to americanus but larger, more oblong and distinctly but
sparsely and finely punctured. Elytral strise more strongly impressed and
punctured, the fifth joining the sutural. Length 4-5 mm.
Lake, Laporte. Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and Posey counties ;
searee, April 18-June 9. Occurs in same localities as ameri-
canus and, as Horn suggests. it will probably prove only a better
developed geographical race of that species. In one specimen at
hand, with surface distinctly punctured, the elytral strie are not
punctured and the fifth does not join the sutural. In another the
outer thoracic stria is very fine and entire.
610 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID.%.
1159 (3509). Buster exaratus Leec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. V, 1845. 595
pl. III, fig. 12.
Also closely allied to @mericanus, but differing by having the outer
thoracic stria wholly absent; the elytral strive finer, the fifth joining the
sutural; surface smooth. Length 5.5 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties: searee. July 1—July 29. Taken
from decaying fungi, Agarices.
1160 (3510). Hisrer nunitus Lec., Col. of Kansas, 1859, 7.
Broadly oval, subconvex. Thorax with inner stria entire; the outer,
short, apieal. Elytra with four entire striz; fifth short, apical; sutural
extending in front of middle. Front tibize with four teeth, the apical one
slightly bifid. Length 5 mm.
A well marked species described from Kansas and represented
in the collection by a single specimen taken in Vigo County, June 7,
from beneath the carcass of a dead hen.
1161 (8511). Huisrer pottttus Lec., Col. of Kansas, 1859, 7.
Resembles nubilus, but differs by being less broad and by having the
fourth dorsal short, basal only, or with a few disconnected punctures at
apex. Epipleura with three strie. Apical tooth of front tibie larger.
Length 5 mm.
Lake and Crawford counties: rare. May 13-May 25.
Group D.
To this group belongs a single small species, separated from its
allies by the characters mentioned in key.
1162 (3502). Husrer servus Erichs., Jahrbuch, 1834, 147.
Oval, convex. Thorax with two marginal striz, the outer usually entire,
sometimes abbreviated to one-half er three-fourths. Elytra with four entire
strie, fifth short, apical; sutural half the length of elytra; subhumeral en-
tirely absent. Pygidium convex, coarsely and rather densely, propygidium
more densely and more coarsely, punctured. Front tibis with three teeth.
the apical one deeply bifid. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. May 20-June 11. H. defectus Lee., is
probably a synonym of servus, as the two are separated on the length
of the thoracie stria, which varies exceedingly in the specimens of
servus before me.
Suscenus II. (PHELISTER.)
Very small, oval species, having the inner thoracie stria absent.
the outer sometimes present and then very close to margin; proster-
num with a stria on ewh side; mesosternum prominent in front. Of
the six species known from the United States. two oceur in Indiana.
THE HISTER BEETLES. 611
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PHELISTER.
a. Thorax with distinct submarginal stria; elytra with five entire dorsal
striz. 1168. SUBROTUNDUS.
aa. Thorax with no submarginal stria; elytra with four entire dorsal strie.
1164. VERNUS.
*1163 (8515). HIsTER SUBROTUNDUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 39; ibid. II, 265.
Broadly rounded-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, shin-
ing; antennze and legs reddish-brown. Thorax finely punctulate on the
disk, more coarsely on the sides; the stria distinct but very close to mar-
gin. Sutural stria of elytra extending in front of middle. Pygidium
sparsely and minutely punctulate. Front tibiz with a number of fine teeth.
Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common beneath bark and often in fungi
on oak stumps and logs. Hibernates. March 12—December 10.
*1164 (3516). HuIsTER vERNUs Say, loc. cit., 40; ibid. II, 266.
Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining; antenne and legs reddish-brown.
Disk of thorax sparsely and finely, the sides much more coarsely, punctate;
marginal stria absent. Elytra with four entire dorsal strix, the fifth and
sutural extending from apex to middle. Front tarsi with eight or nine
teeth, the apical three larger, subequal. Length 2.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. Hibernates. Occurs most
commonly beneath logs and bark, in low, moist, sandy places. Janu-
ary 6—October 9.
Sugcenus III. (PLATYSOMA.)
Small oval, oblong or cylindrical, often much depressed species,
having the front tibie with a deep, sinuate tarsal groove; thorax
without inner marginal striv; middle and hind tibie armed with
two to four teeth or short spines; front tibie without a tooth on the
inner side near the base; prosternum without striw. Six species of
the subgenus have been taken in Indiana. while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PLATYSOMA.
a. Body broad, not twice as long as wide, more or lexs depressed; elytra
with not more than three entire dorsal striz.
b. Sutural stria well marked; front tibi# with five teeth.
1165. CAROLINUS.
bb. Sutural stria either obsolete or wholly absent; front tibia with four
teeth.
«. Sides of thorax punctured. 1166. LECONTEI.
ce. Sides of thorax smooth. 1167. AURELIANUS.
aa. Body elongate, always as long or longer than twice the width, either
cylindrical or depressed; elytra with more than three entire dorsal
striz.
612 PAMILY XXV.—HISTERID.E.
d. Sutural stria entire.
e. Form subeylindrical; all the dorsal strice entire. PARALLELUS.
ec. Form depressed; fifth dorsal abbreviated at base. 1168. QUUS.
dd. Sutural stria abbreviated at base; form cylindrical.
f. Thorax evenly punctured; mesosternal stria entire.
1169. COARCTATUS.
/f. Thorax nearly smooth at middle ; mesosternal stria broadly inter-
rupted. 1170. BASALIS.
*1105 (2519). HrsvTer caroLinus Payk., Monog. Hist., 1811, 45.
Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, shining ;
legs reddish-brown. ‘Thorax with outer marginal stria pres-
ent, very fine; disk smooth. Elytra with three entire dorsal
strix, fourth and fifth apical, reaching the middle, sutural
somewhat longer. Front tibise with five rather fine teeth;
middle tibie with four, hind tibis with three, short spines.
Length 3-3.8 mm. (Fig. 232.)
Probably our most common species of Hister;
Fig. 232. x 7. : ; :
Original.) found throughout the State, especially in low, moist
woods beneath bark and logs. January 11—November 30. Often
gregarious in winter.
*1166 (38520). Ilister Lecontrr Marsuel, Monog. Hist., 1858, 278, pl. 7,
fig. 17.
Oblong-oval, strongly depressed. Thorax smooth at middle; sparsely
and rather coarsely punctured on sides, the marginal stria entire. Elytra
with three entire dorsal stris, fourth apical, extending to middle or beyond,
fifth short, apical; sutural often wanting, sometimes as long as fifth.
Propygidium coarsely but very sparsely punctured. Front tibis with four
teeth; middle tibim with three, hind tibie with two, short spines. Length
2.5-3 lm.
Throughout the State; common. February 14-December 29.
Occurs beneath the close-titting hark of logs and stumps, especially
that of oak and elm; rarely on fungi or at sap.
1167 (8521). Hister atreLtanus Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873.
297.
Resembles lecontei but more depressed. Thorax almost smooth at
sides. Elytra with three entire dorsals, fourth very short, apical; fifth
and sutural wanting. Length 8 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. May 23. Taken from decaying fungi.
Described from Louisiana, but sinee taken by Dury near Cin.
cinnati,.
IT, parallelus Say, length 2.5 mm., is known from Georgia south-
ward, but may occur in southern Indiana.
1168 (3523). HuisTEr asquus Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 61.
Oblong, strongly depressed. Black or piceous-brown, shining. Thorax
finely and rather densely punctured. Elytra with four entire dorsal strie,
THE HISTER BEETLES. 613
fifth abbreviated at base, sutural entire or nearly so; intervals sparsely
but distinctly punctured. Mesosternum deeply emarginate, its striz: inter-
rupted at middle. Front tibie with four teeth; middle tibie with three
short spines. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Known from Indiana by three specimens taken by A. B. Wol-
eott from beneath bark of pine near Clark Junction, Lake County.
July 23. Described from Georgia, where it is said to be rare.
1169 (3524). HuisTFrr coarctatus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 41,
pl. I, fig. 6.
Elongate, parallel, cylindrical. Black, shining; legs and antenne red-
dish-brown. Thorax evenly but not densely punctured. Elytra with four
entire dorsal strie, fifth one-half and sutural two-thirds the length of ely-
tra; a very short basal subhumeral. Propygidium coarsely and sparsely,
pygidium finely, punctured. Length 2.5 -3 mm.
Marion County; rare. May 17.
1170 (8526). Hister BAsaris Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, 345.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, shining; antennie red-
dish-brown; legs piceous. Thorax minutely punctulate on
disk; rather coarsely and sparsely punctured at apex and
on sides. Elytra with four entire dorsal striz, fifth and
sutural subequal, one-half the length of elytra; a very short
humeral. Propygidium and pygidium rather coarsely and
sparsely punctured, the latter nearly smooth at apex. Mid-
dle and hind tibize each with three acute teeth on outer
edge. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 233.)
Fie, 998, v5.
(Origin: |.)
Marion County; rare. November 22. Two speci-
mens from the roots of a hackberry tree in low, open woods. Much
more robust than coarctatus.
Suspcenus IV. (CYLISTRIX.)
Small, elongate, cylindrical beetles, having the inner marginal
stria of thorax absent, outer stria entire and close to the margin;
front tibia spinose as mentioned in key. One of the three known
species has been taken in Indiana.
1171 (3529). Huster eracizis Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 41,
pl. I, fig. 7.
Elongate, cylindrical. Piceous black, very shining; antenn and legs
reddish-brown. Head sparsely punctured; clypeus concave. Thorax longer
than wide, sparsely punctured with fine and coarse punctures intermingled.
BHlytra with four entire striz, the fifth apical, extending to middle, sutural
slightly longer. Pygidium nearly smooth. Marginal stria of prosternal
lobe obliterated. Front tibim four-, middle three-, hind two-toothed. Length
2.5-8 mm,
Vigo and Marion counties: scaree. May 1-May 21. Oceurs
beneath bark of elm and other trees in low, moist woods.
614 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERIDA.
TIL Tripanrs Erichs. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘worthless.’’)
This genus contains two small, dull blackish, ovate species, hav-
ing the antennz inserted under the margin of the front, their
eavities at the front angles of thorax open both in front and on
sides. One of the two oceurs in Indiana.
1172 (3581). TRIBALUS AMERICANUS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. V, 1845,
64, pl. IV, fig. 7.
Broadly oval, convex. Black or piceous, feebly shining, densely punc-
tured. Thorax without stris. Elytra with four ill-defined dorsal strive,
the first and second apical, third and fourth basal. Pygidium and propy-
gidium finely and densely punctured, the former vertical. Length 2.3 -
2.8 mm.
Southern half of State; searee. Apri] 24-June 16. Occurs be-
neath bark of hickery, black gum and elm.
IV. Eprerus Erichs. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘pleasing.’’)
Small, oblong-oval forms, easily distinguished from Tribalus by
the distinct elytral strie. As there, the antennal cavity is partly
concealed by the pectoral plate and is open in front and on the
side. Our two species have all the dorsal striw entire.
1173 (3533). EPrerus REGULARIS Beauy., Ins., 1805, 180.
Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining; legs piceous. Thorax rather
sparsely punctate with larger and smaller punctures intermingled. Elytra
each with six entire punctured dorsal strive ; intervals sparsely and minutely
punctulate; subhumeral entire; epipleural fold coarsely punctured and with
two deep, distinct strive. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-September 10. Oc-
eurs usually in fungi.
*1174 (3535). Epirrus puLicarius Erichs., Jahrb., 1834, 162.
Oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, shining.
Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with six entire dorsal strix;
subhumeral entire. Epipleura with one fine stria. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Southern half of State, common; less so in the northern coun-
ties. February 23-October 4. Gregarious in winter beneath bark
and logs in low, moist ground. Easily distinguished from regu-
laris by the smaller size, lighter color and one stria of epipleura.
V. Herertus Eriebs. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘friendship.’’)
Readily known by the peculiar lobe on each side of thorax.
Four species are listed from the United States, one of which occurs
in Indiana.
THR HISTER BEETLES. 615
W175 (8542). I1hraertus BRUNNIPENNTS Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., 1.
1838, 40.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Pale chestnut
brown, shining. Thorax with a groove on each
side separating the disk from the lobe, the lat-
ter divided by a shallow transverse groove
slightly behind the middle. Elytra with sub-
humeral and first dorsal entire; second dorsal
three-fourths, third two-thirds, the length of ely-
tra, with erect fine yellowish hairs sparsely
placed along the strie. Length 15 mm. (Fig.
234.)
Marion and Lawrence counties; rare. iS
April 28-May 11. Occurs in nests of large Fis: 284 12. (After Wheeler.)
brown ants, a variety of Formica rufa.
VI. DenpropHitus Leach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘tree + love.’’)
In this and the next two genera, the antennal cavities, instead
of being beneath the front angles of the thorax are beneath the
middle of its sides. and the lobe of the prosternum does not form a
floor for them as in the preceding genera of the subfamily. Den-
drophilus is represented in the eastern United States and Indiana
by the single species:
1176 (8551). DENDROPHILUS PUNCTULATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., VY, 1825, 45; ibid. IT, 269.
Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining; sparsely,
evenly and rather coarsely punctured; marginal line of thorax finely im-
pressed on basal half. Elytra with outer subhumeral entire; dorsal striz
faintly impressed, one and two nearly entire, three and four gradually
shorter, basal; fifth and sutural absent, or the former represented by punc-
tures only. Notch of mesosternum deep. Prosternum with a stria on each
side, the apex rounded. Tibive all dilated in the middle. Length 3 mm.
Fulton, Marion and Crawford counties; rare. April 14—July
22. Beneath bark.
VII. Paromatis Erichs. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘almost flat.’’)
This genus comprises about 20 small oval or oblong species with
the antennal cavities located as in the preceding, but having only
the front tibiz dilated at middle. Five of them are known to occur
in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PAROMALUS.
a. Form oblong, strongly flattened; elytra without entire strie.
1177. AQuALIS.
aa. Form more or less convex.
b. elytra with entire strife; prosternum with a stria on each side.
616 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERIDX.
c. Fourth dorsal stria juining the sutural by an arc; elytra with
deeply impressed strize, the intervals concave.
1178. GEMINATUs.
ce. Fifth dorsal stria joining the sutural, the fourth not arched at
apex. 1179, 14-STRIATUS.
bb. Elytra without entire striz; prosternum without strie.
qd. Wlytra without trace of sutural stria; form oblong, subdepressed.
1180. BISTRIATUS.
dd. Blytra with a distinct abbreviated sutural stria; form oval, more
convex. 1181. SEMINULUM.
*J177T (2552). PAROMALUS -EQUALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Y.
1825, 44; ibid. IL, 260.
Oblong, strongly depressed. Black, shining, sparsely and minutely
punctulate. Elytra either wholly without strie or with traces at base or
middle of two or three dorsals; a deep, oblique humeral stria often present.
Front tibize 5-dentate. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common beneath bark and logs, especially
that of cottonwood and poplar. Hibernates. January 21—Decem-
ber 8. LeConte’s eslriatus is a synonym, the third dorsal varying
from a mere trace to nearly half the length of elytron.
1178 (8555). PaRroMALUSs GEMINATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859,
314.
Oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax evenly and
finely punctulate. JElytra with a fine subhumeral, extending from apex
three-fourths to base and with dorsal striz one to four entire, the fourth
broadly arching at base to join the sutural; fifth abbreviated at base; in-
tervals slightly concave, sparsely and finely punctate. Front tibise with
two teeth. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Putnam and Marion counties; rare. March 25-May 10. Taken
while sifting leaves from fence corners. Readilv known by the
peculiar striation of the elytra.
1179 (3557). ParoMALus 14-striatus Steph., lust. Brit. Entom., V. 1832,
412.
Oblong-oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax
sparsely punctulate, more distinctly so at sides. Blytra with a fine sub-
humeral and dorsals one to five entire, the fifth arching and joining the
sutural; the intervals flat, finely and sparsely punctulate. Front tibie with
two teeth. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 6. Said to occur in Europe and to
be widety distributed throughout the United States.
*1180 (3564). ParoManus BisTRIATUS Brichs., Jahrb., 1884, 171.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous black, shining; legs and antenne
reddish-brown. Thorax rather finely and densely punctate, the marginal
stria onlire, very close fo edge. Klyira more coarsely and sparsely pune.
THE HISTER BEETLES. 617
tate, the first and second stris very short, basal. Front tibiw with four
teeth. Length 2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates beneath the bark
of walnut, poplar and elm logs; on tree fungi in summer. Febru-
ary 10-September 21.
1181 (3567). PAROMALUS SEMINULUM Brichs., loc. cit.
Oval, rather convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax as in bistriatis.
Elytra more coarsely punctured than thorax, with traces of two striz at
base, and a short, faintly impressed sutural stria at middle. Length 2 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. Occurs with the preceding and
may be sexually different only. Hibernates. February 10-Octo-
ber 4,
Anapleus marginatus Lee., broadly oval, piceous, coarsely punc-
tured, elytra with traces of third dorsal stria at hase, length 1.5
mm., is known from Illinois and the District of Columbia.
Tribe III. SAPRINI.
The different genera of this tribe vary much in size and form,
but all agree in lacking a lobe on the front of the prosternum. The
members of the largest. genus, Saprinus, live mostly in carcasses.
especially those of dead fish along the shores of rivers and lakes.
The others occur mostly beneath bark and stones. Six of the seven
genera are represented in the State.
KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF SATRINI.
a. Antenne inserted under the margin of the front, in repose received in
cavities at the sides of the prosternum; size larger, 2.5 or more mm.
VILL. Sarnieue,
aa. Antenne inserted on the front, in repose received in cavities beneath
the sides of the thorax in front of the cox; size usually very small.
b. yes finely granulated, not prominent; length 1.5-2 mm. :
c. Thorax with deep lateral groove; prosternum deeply bisulcate ;
tibia not toothed. IN. PLeGADERUS.
ce. Thorax without deep lateral groove; form cylindrical; tibiee
toothed. XX. ‘TERETRIUS.
bb. Eyes coarsely granulated and very convex; form oval; length less
than 1.5 mm.
d, Hind tarsi 5-jointed: scutelunm invisible. XI. BacaNnius.
dd, Wind tarsi 4-jointed.
e. Scutellum distinct. NII. AcRITUvUs.
ce. Seutellum invisible. XIII. ACLETEs.
VITL. Saprinus Erichs. 1834. ((r., ‘‘rotten.’’)
The members of this genus resemble in form those of the larger
species of Hisler, but almost all of them have the thorax and elytra,
in part, at least, more coarsely punctate. The fifth dorsal stria
618 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID.%.
is usually wholly absent and the other strisz are not as well devel-
oped as in Hister. As noted above, our species mostly occur along
shores beneath dead fish, though several of them may be found
anywhere beneath carrion. The genus is a large one, 79 species
being listed from the United States, while three others are here-
with described. Since the form of and characters pertaining to the
prosternum are much used in classification, the under part of the
body should be clean, and if too small to mount on a pin, the speci-
men should be set with the card point attached to the abdomen so
as to expose fully the front of the under side.
For convenience the Indiana species are separated into two
groups:
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SAPRINUS.
a. Front of head not margined. Group A.
aa. Front of head distinctly margined. Group B.
Group A.
To this group belong the Indiana species of Groups II, IV, V
and VI of Horn, his Groups I, III and VII not being represented in
the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
uw. Prosternum flat, its marginal strie horizontal and united in front; su-
tural stria very short, basal; length 2.5-3.5 mm. 1182. rorunpatvs.
ad. Prosternum at least moderately convex, distinctly striate.
b. Strise of prosternum parallel, horizontal, abbreviated in front; inter-
nal subhumeral stria represented by a row of rather coarse, dis-
connected punctures; length 3.5-4 mm. 1188. postHuMmUs,
bb. Striee of prosternum divergent in front and ascending.
ec. Prosternum without a pit or fovea on each side near the front
margin; head with a distinct stria extending slightly along the
front above the eye.
d. Fourth dorsal stria feebly arched at base, not joining the su-
tural, the latter short; area between the dorsal strixe coarsely
and densely punctured; length 4-6 mm. 1184. LUGENs.
dd. Fourth dorsal strongly arched at base, usually joining the su-
tural; area between the dorsal strise very little or not at all
punctured; length 4.5-5.5 mm.
e. Sutural stria wanting at basal and apical portions, visible for
a very slight extent at middle only. 1185. IPERFECTUS.
ee. Sutural stria distinctly impressed at apical portion and join-
ing the apical marginal stria; surface brilliant metallic
green or bronze. 1186. PENNSYLVANICUS.
cc. Prosternum with a small but distinct fovea on each side in which
the stria ends; stria on front above the eye rarely present.
f, Pygidium with a deep marginal groove at apex.
1187, asstaiiis,
THE HISTER BEETLES. 619
ff. Pygidium not grooved.
g. Fourth dorsal and sutural united, the latter strongly impressed
at base.
h. Outer subhumeral stria short, distinct. 1188. CONFORMIS.
hh. Outer subhumeral stria entirely absent. ¢
i. Fourth dorsal stria nearly as long as first; length 4
4.5 mm. 1189. SIMULATUS,
i7, Fourth dorsal distinctly shorter than first; length less
than 2.5 mm. 1190. MINUTUS.
gg. Fourth dorsal arched at base; sutural stria very feeble, inter-
rupted at base and apex; length 3.2mm. 1191. ovrror is.
1182 (8571). Saprincts rottuNparts Kugel, Schneider Mag.. ITI, 1792. 504.
Broadly oval. Piceous or black, shining; legs and antennze brownish-
red. Thorax rather coarsely punctate over its entire surface. Elytra with
first dorsal entire but very fine beyond the middle; second, third and fourth
nearly equal, reaching middle: fifth represented only by a short basal are.
sometimes uniting the fourth and sutural, the latter very short, on basal
fourth only; surface sparsely punctured on sides and base. more densely
on apical third. Front tibis with five teeth. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. .
Marion, Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. May 15—-October 9.
Taken from decaying fungi at base of oak stumps.
1183 (8579). Saprrnts postuHtmts Mars., Monog. Hist., 162. 460.
Broadly oval. Black, strongly shining. Thorax with middle sparsely.
sides and base more densely and coarsely, punctured. Elytra with first
dorsal extending three-fourths tv apex, second, third and fourth subequal,
reaching middle, the fourth arched at base and joining the sutural. which
extends nearly to apex: surface of apical third coarsely but rather sparsely
punctured, the punctures extending froin the first stria to the suture. Front
tibize with a number of fine teeth. Length 3-3.5 min.
Marshall. Tippecanoe. Putnam and Posey counties; searce.
May 8-October 17.
1184 (3583). Saprints LUGENS FErichs., Jahrb., 1834, 181.
Broadly oval. Black, moderately shining. Thorax feebly impressed on
each side near the front angles, disk smooth, sides with punctured space
broader in front and at base, narrower along the basal margin. Ely-
tra with a large, well defined scutellar space and a much smaller sub-
humeral one smooth; remainder of surface densely punctured; first and
second dorsal strise extending two-thirds to apex. third and fourth a little
shorter and nearly equal. the fourth slightly arched; the sutural absent
on basal third. Front tibisee with a number of fine teeth. Length 4-6 mm,
Lake County; rare. June +. Not before recorded east of the
Mississippi River, but said to be abundant at the eastern base of
the Rockv Mountains and westward,
620 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERIDA.
1185 (3584). Saprinus IMpErrectus Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1545,
70, pl. 5, fig, 3.
Broadly oval. Black, strongly shining. Thorax smooth at middle, the
sides broadly and coarsely, the base narrowly and coarsely, punctured.
Elytra sparsely punctured on apical third, the punctures extending to the
base on the interval between the first and second dorsal striz, this interval
slightly rugose near base; oblique humeral stria bifid at tip, the outer
branch joining the internal subhumeral, which is longer than the first dor-
sal; dorsals one, two and four, subequal, extending slightly beyond middle,
the third shorter, the sutural represented by a few close punctures at mid-
dle. Front tibize finely denticulate. Length 5-5.5 mi.
Marion and Hamilton counties, rare; a single specimen having
been taken in each from beneath dead turtles. May 29-June 7.
Known heretofore only from Pennsylvania.
1186 (3585). SapRINUS PENNSYLVANICUS Payk., Monog. Hist., 1811, 62.
Broadly oval, robust. Brilliant metallic green to bronze. Thorax
smooth, with a few rather coarse punctures along the sides and a double
row of coarse ones on basal margin. Elytra coarsely and sparsely punc-
tured on apical half, between first dorsal and suture; humeral stria fine.
oblique, not joining internal subhumeral, which is longer than first dorsal;
the latter extending two-thirds to apex, second shorter, third very short,
fourth shorter than second, broadly arching to join the sutural, which is
entire. Front tibie coarsely serrate. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Lake and Posey counties; scarce. Probably throughout the
State, as it is said to occur ‘‘everywhere cast of Rocky Mountains.’’
May 7—June 29.
1187 (3590). SapRINUS ASSIMILIS Payk., Monog. Hist., 1811, 63.
Broadly oval. Black, shining. Thorax impressed
near the front angles. the disk smooth, sides coarsely
und densely punctured, the base with a few punctures
and a distinet impression in front of scutellum. Ely-
tra coarsely punctured on apieal third; humeral stria
~ Oblique, indistinct, not joining the internal subhumeral
which is represented by punctures at apex; first dor-
sal extending three-fourths te apex, second, third and
fourth gradually shorter and terminating in coarse
Fig 8%. SB dowels LEE CS the fourth joining the sutural, whieh is
“arenes some OOD TY impressed at base, but does not reach apex,
Mront Cibiw with a number of tine teeth. Length 4-5.5 min. (fig. 255.)
Throughout the State: Frequent on carrion, espeeially that of
reptiles aud fishes. April 13-.\ugust 23.
1188 (3592). Saprinus convormis Lee. Bost. Journ. Nat, List, “M72
pl. V, fig. 7.
Broadly oval. Black, shining. ‘Thorax with disk smooth, rather finely
and densely punctured on the sides, one row of coarse punctures along the
THE LStEK BEETLES. 621
base and a single larger one iu front of scutellum. Elytra with an irregular
triangular space of rather coarse and sparse punctures on apical third:
humeral stria very fine; internal subhumeral, short, subapical; first dorsal
extending four-fifths to apex, second, third and fourth gradually shorter,
the fourth arched to join to sutural, which extends two-thirds to apex and
thence continued hy punctures. Front tibie finely denticulate. Length 3.5
4.5 mun.
Lake, Marshall, Tippecanoe and Putnam counties; scarce. May
27-September 13.
1189 (——). SAPRINUS SIMULATUS sp. nov.
Oblong-oval. Black, shining; antennz and legs
piceous. Head minutely and very indistinctly punc-
tured. Thorax rather finely and densely punctured at
the sides and with a single row of coarse punctures
along the base. Elytra rather sparsely and finely punc-
tured on apical fourth, with a few scattered ones ex-
tending between the sutural and fourth dorsal to mid-
dle or beyond; internal subhumeral short, subapical ;
dorsal stris deeply impressed, obsoletely punctured,
the first extending four-fifths to apex; second, third :
and fourth nearly equal and but little shorter than Fig. 236. % 64. (Original.)
first, the fourth arching at base and joining the sutural, which extends
three-fourths to apex. Vropygidium and pygidium rather finely and densely
punctured. Front tibiee: with five distinct teeth. Length 4-4.5 mm. (Fig.
236.)
Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. April 2-May 11. Aceord-
ing to Horn’s key, this runs to vescus Mars., but comparisons with
examples of that species at Cambridge show vescus to be a smaller
and much more shining species, with thorax more uniformly and
pygidium much more sparsely punctate.
1190 (3597). Saprinus MINUTUS Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 73.
pl. V, fig. 9. .
Broadly ovate. VPiceous-black tinged with bronze; legs reddish-brown.
Thorax smooth at middle. finely and sparsely punctulate on sides. Elytra
sparsely and coarsely punctate on apical third, the punctures extending
along suture beyond the middle; oblique humeral continuous with internal
subhumeral which, with first and second dorsals, extends three-fourths to
apex; third dorsal reaching slightly beyond middle, fourth extending to
middle only and joining the sutural, which is abbreviated at apex. Front
tibire finely denticulate. Length 2 mm.
Vermillion County; rare. August 11. The smallest species of
the genus in the State. Horn in his Monograph states that the
sutural stria of minufus attains the apex and joins the apical mar-
ginal line, but LeConte in his original description says that it is
“nostice abbreviata’’ and figures it so. It reaches only three-
622 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID.
fourths to apex in the specimen at hand, and it is my opinion, judg-
ing from deseriptions only, that converiesculus and minutus are
synonymous, the latter name having priority.
1191 (——). SAPRINUS OVIFORMIS sp. nov.
Oval, convex. Black, shining; legs piceous. Head finely and sparsely ©
punctate. Thorax with a large area near front angles, narrowing to base,
rather coarsely and densely punctate, disk almost smooth. Elytra with
apieal third coarsely and sparsely punctate; oblique humeral distinct, sub-
humeral absent; first dorsal extending three-fourths to apex; second, third
and fourth subequal, reaching but little beyond middle; sutural represented
by a row of punctures from slightly in front of middle to apical fourth.
Propygidium and pygidium coarsely and rather densely punctate. Front
tibia: with six or seven sharp teeth. Length 3.2 min.
Lawrence County; rare. -June 10. Taken at carrion. Allied
to macocusis Torn, but. differs by the larger and much more coarsely
punetured area of elytra and less uniformly punctate thorax.
Group B.
This group comprises the Indiana species of Groups VIII and
IX of Horn, They are robust, rounded or oval species, having the
front of head wider than long, distinctly margined and usuaily
marked with one or two short curved grooves.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Prosternum compressed, its strir entire or nearly so, convergent in
front; hind tibise with two rows of fine spines.
b. Elytra with distinct sutural stria.
c. Sutural stria entire; punctured space at apex of elytra of small
extent, not entered by the dorsal stris.
d. Thorax sparsely punctured in front and at sides, its disk smooth ;
surface bronzed ; length 2.5-3.5 mm. 1192. SPH.ROIDES.
dd. Thorax rather sparsely and evenly punctured over its entire sur-
face ; black, strongly polished ; length 4.2mm. 1193. LAKENSIS.
ce. Sutural stria abbreviated at apex, or confused with the punctures.
e. Hlytral punctures apical only, the basal region smooth; thorax
with strigose punctures at sides and apex; surface bronzed ;
length 3 mm. 1194. SEMINITENS.
ee. Elytral punctures dense, extending to base between the striz.
f. Mirror, or shining smooth space about the scutellum, sharply
defined; sutural stria entire, confused at tip; length 3.5-
¢ mrs, 1195. rRATERNUS.
ff. Mirror not well defined; sutural stria obsolete at apex; length
= mim. 1196. MANoUs.
bb. Elytra with sutural stria wanting; scutellar mirror well defined ;
length 2.8-3.2 min. 1197. Frrentt.
‘da. Prosternum compressed and carinate, its strie short, united in front:
. “Ls . :
hind tibize with three raws of long spines; sutural stria entire; ely-
’
tral punctures coarse. 1198. PATRUELIS
THE HISTER BEETLES. 623
1192 (3614). Saprinus spraroipes Lec., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 78.
pl. VI, fig. 5.
Rounded-oval. Bronzed or cupreous, shining. Thorax sparsely punc-
tured in front and at the sides; basal margin more coarsely punctured, disk
smooth. Elytra finely punctured on apical third in space between the
fourth dorsal and sutural; external subhumeral rather long, humeral finely
impressed, not uniting with the internal subhumeral; first dorsal stria ex-
tending four-fifths to apex and sinuate at tip; second, third and fourth
gradually shorter, the fourth arching to join the sutural, which is entire.
Front tibize coarsely denticulate, the apical three teeth longer than the
others. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan, uear Millers, Lake
County; searee, May 12—June 9.
1198 (——-). SAPRINUS LAKENSIS sp. lov.
Broadly oblong-oval, convex. Black, strongly shining. Head distinctly
margined, nearly smooth, rugose in front. Thorax with the disk sparsely
and evenly punctured, the sides and apex with strigose punctures. Blytra
very finely and sparsely but distinctly punctured near the suture on apical
third, elsewhere wholly smooth, polished; external subhumeral short, indis-
tinct; humeral finely impressed, not joining the internal subhumeral, which
is obsolete towards apex; dorsal strive very fine, the first extending four-
fifths to apex, second, third and fourth gradually shorter, the fourth arched
at base and joining the sutural, which is entire. Pygidium and propy-
gidium finely, densely and evenly punctured. Front tibie’ with five or six
teeth, the apical three broader and more flattened. Length 4.2 mm.
Described from a single specimen taken from beneath a log on
the beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, Lake County. July 25.
It is readily known from spheroides by its larger size, its polished
black hue, by having the entire surface of thorax punctured, and
by the much smaller and more finely punetured space of elytra.
1194 (3615). SaPRINUS SEMINITENS Lec., New Spec. N. A. Col., 1863, 61.
Resembles spheeroidcs but the punctured space of thorax is larger and
more distinctly strigose on sides and in front; that of elytra is also larger
with coarser punctures and the sutural stria reaches only two-thirds to apex.
; Length 3-3.5 mm.
Beneath rubbish and dead fish on beach of Lake Michigan near
Pine and Millers, Lake County; scarce. May 14-July 27. Re-
corded heretofore only from Nebraska.
1195 (3617). SAPRINUS FRATERNUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 40; ibid. II, 266.
Broadly oval. convex. Black tinged with bronze, subopaque. Thorax
rather densely punctured, the punctures on sides somewhat strigose, a broad
triangular space on disk nearly smooth. Elytra everywhere densely punc-
tured except on a well defined, shining scutellar space which is limited at
[40—23402]
624 PAMILY XXV.—HTSTERID.£.
the sides by the fourth dorsal; internal subhumeral entire, external obso-
lete; first dorsal long, curved at tip, second, third and fourth gradually
shorter, extending nearly to middle, fourth joining the sutural, which is
entire. Front tibiz with seven or eight teeth. Length 34 mm.
Lake, Laporte and Vigo counties: common on dead fish and tur-
tles along the beach of Lake Michigan. Probably oceurs on sandy
beaches throughout the State. April 2—June 26.
1196 (3618). SaprInus MANCUS Say. loe. cit., p. 41; ibid. II, 267.
Resembles fraternus in form, color and size. Thorax rather densely
punctured over its entire surface. Blytra densely, strigosely punctured,
the scutellar mirror ill-defined and sometimes almost obliterated; sutural
stria basal, extending to middle only. Front tibize with six teeth. Length
2.84 mm.
Occurs with the preceding along the beach of Lake Michigan.
but much less common. May 20—June 25.
1197 (3620). Saprinus FITCHII Mars., Mon. Hist., 1862. 494.
Oblong-oval, convex. Black, distinctly bronzed, shining. Thorax with
a broad space at sides and apex coarsely punctured, finely strigose near
margin; base narrowly and coarsely punctured; disk smooth, polished.
Elytra everywhere densely and coarsely punctured except a well defined
scutellar mirror; first dorsal nearly entire; second and third shorter, in-
distinct; fourth very short, curved at base; sutural entirely absent. Length
2.8-3.2 mm.
Lake County; rare. Five specimens were taken from beneath
the carcass of a dead hen near Hammond. May 27.
1198 (3625). SapRINUS PATRUELIS Lec.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. V. 1845, 76.
pL. WI, fig. 2)
Broadly oval, robust. Surface shining, with a bluish-green or slightly
bronzed lustre. Thorax with a narrow band of coarse punctures along the
sides and apex, distant from margin except at hase: disk smooth. Elytra
very coarsely and sparsely punctured on apical half, the punctures extend-
ing along the suture two-thirds to base; humeral oblique, fine and long. not
uniting with the short internal subhumeral;: dorsal strise subequal, reaching
slightly heyond the middle, the fourth arched to join the sutural, which is
entire. Front tibim with six teeth, the apical three much coarser. Length
34.2 min.
Take, Starke. Vigo and Posey counties: searee, Mav 13-Sep-
tember 20.
IX. Puecaperts Erichs. 1834. (Cir, ‘a blow + neck.’’)
Small oblong species having a broad prosternum with a deep
channel on each side extending from the lobe to the tip. and also a
broad transverse groove which divides the median convex portion of
the prosternum into two unequal portions. The thorax has a deep
THE HISTER BEETLES. 629
groove on each side and also, usually. a transverse impression which
divides it into two unequal parts. Of the nine species known from
the United States. one has been taken in Indiana, while another
may oceur,
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PLEGADERUS.
«. Elytra with strigose confluent punctures. 1199. TRANSVERSUs.
ada. Elytra with coarse rounded punctures; body beneath coarsely and rather
closely punctate. SAYI.
1199 (8633). PLEGADERUS TRANSVERSUS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1825, 45; ibid. LI, 270.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Brownish-black, moderately shining. Tho-
rax slightly broader than long, the side margins convex with a narrow and
deep marginal stria on outer side and a deep lateral groove on inner; the
disk divided unequally by a moderately impressed transverse groove, the
front portion smaller and more closely punctured than the hinder. Elytra
with elongate, confluent punctures and a short, moderately impressed,
oblique humeral stria. Length 1.3-1.5 mim.
Taken in small numbers by Woleott from heneath the bark of
the Norway pine, near Clarke Junetion, Lake County, and Dune
Park, Porter County. June 27-July 23. Oc-urs from Canada to
Texas.
P sayi Mars., brownish, length 1.5 mm., is reeorded from the
““Middle States.’’
X. Tererrius Erichs. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘eylindrical + form.’’)
Small subeylindrieal beetles having the prosternum emarginate
at tip, receiving the mesosternum, the tibie toothed. Three species
are known from the United States, one of which occurs in Indiana.
1200 (3640). Trrerrits AMERICANUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XT,
1850, 516.
Oblong, subcylindrical. Piccous-black, shining, the narrow margin of
elytra reddish. Thorax longvr than wide, finely punctured: marginal stria
entire but fine and very close to the margin. Flytra without striw, sparsely
and rather coarsely punctured, the punctures coarser at base: truncate at
apex. Front tibiee with five or six fine teeth. Length 14-2 mim.
Dubois and Posey conmties; rare. May 4-May 1 Taken be-
neath the bark of soft maple and by sifting rotten debris. Widely
distributed but searce.
XI. Bacantus Lee. 1853. (Gr.. ‘radish seed.’’)
Minute brownish-red species possessing the characters given in
eeneric key and having the first jot of antenne gradually thicker
to tip, second joint broader than long, third longer than the two
626 FAMILY XXV.—HISTERID™.
following; prosternum broader than long, truncate at tip ; mesoster-
num truncate; front tibie dilated and two-toothed. Six species are
listed from the United States, two of which have been taken in In-
diana, while another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BACANIUS.
a. Pro- and mesosterna smooth or very sparsely punctured; elytral punc-
tures simple, rounded.
b. Subhumeral and first dorsal strie of elytra both entire, the latter not
arching at base; pygidium very minutely punctulate. MISELLUS.
bb. Subhumeral strie abbreviated at apex, first dorsal short; pygidium
distinctly punctured. : 1201. TANTILLUS.
aa. Pro- and mesosterna coarsely punctate; first dorsal strisz entire, broadly
arching at base; elytral punctures elongate, substrigose.
1202. PUNCTIFORMIS.
B. misellus Lee.. brownish-red, length .8 mm.. is recorded from
‘‘the Middle States region.’’
1201 (3645). Bacanrus TANTILLUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1853.
291.
Broadly oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax distinctly
but not densely punctured. Elytra more coarsely punctured than thorax;
the subhumeral stria abbreviated at base and apex. Pygidium strongly in-
flexed, rather coarsely and distinctly punctured. Length 1-1.2 mm.
Monroe County; searee. June 9. Sifted from debris of beech
stump. Larger and less convex than the next species.
1202 (3646). Bacanrts punctirormMis Lee. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
1853, 288.
Rounded-oval, subglobose. Dark brownish-red, moderately shining. Tho-
rax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with dense aciculate, elongate
punctures. Length 0.75 mm.
Marion, Putnam, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. March
25—July 4. Taken while sifting in early spring and also beneath
bark of half decayed elm logs. Probably more common than indi-
cated, but overlooked on aceount of minute size.
NIL. Acritus Lee, 1853. (Gr., ‘indistinguishable.’’)
The species of this genus are very minute and may be known hy
the four-jointed hind tarsi and distinet seutellum. As in the two
preceding and the following genera, the scape of the antennz is
lodged, when at rest, in a deep groove in front of the eye. Eleven
species are listed from the United States, two of which have been
taken in Indiana.
THE HISTER BEETLES. 627
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACRITUS.
a. Thorax without a row of punctures across the base. 1203. EXIGUUS.
aa. Thorax with a row of punctures across the base; prosternum much
longer than wide, its strie not more divergent in front than at base.
1204. STRIGOSUS.
1203 (3649). AcRITUs ExIGUUs Erichs., Jahrb., 1834, 208.
Broadly oblong-oval, slightly convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining.
Thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra more coarsely but
not more densely punctured than thorax, the marginal stria rather deep,
entire. Prosternum more than twice as long as wide, its surface with very
few punctures. Front tibie slender. Length 1 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent beneath bark of elm and other
logs. Gregarious and probably hibernates. April 9-November 22.
1204 (3654). AcRITUS sTRIGOSUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1853, 289.
Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Dark brown, shining. Thorax sparsely
and rather finely punctured, the basal row of punctures slightly curved and
not extending on either side beyond the middle of the base of elytra. Hly-
tra coarsely punctured, less distinctly on basal third. Metasternum coarsely
and rather sparsely punctured. Length 0.8 mm.
Marion County; scarce. Taken by H. Morrison from the sides
of a bridge abutment on which they had alighted to bask in the sun-
shine; also by sifting. April 23-November 8.
XTIT. ARLETES Horn. 1873.
The species of this genus are separated from those of Acritus
only by the absence of a scutelium. In such minute forms this
vharacter is very difficult to distinguish except under very high
power. Four species aré known from the United States, two of
which have been taken in Indiana.
1205 (3657). ASLETES Potirus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1853, 290.
Rounded-oval, convex. Brown, shining, surface wholly devoid of punc-
tures. Prosternum twice as long as wide; mesosternum with longitudinal
grooves. Length 0.8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Occurs beneath bark and in
dead leaves and other rubbish about the base of trees where it may
be taken by sifting. April 9-November 28.
1206 (8660). ASLETES SIMPLEX Lec., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 84.
Oval, moderately convex. Reddish-brown, shining. Thorax and ely-
tra very sparsely and finely punctured, the former with a basal row of
coarser punctures the middle ones of which are linear or suleiform. Pro-
sternum nearly as broad as long. Meso- and metasterna smooth, the suture
coarsely punctate. Length 1 mm.
628 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULID-®.
Putnam County; rare. April 17. Sifted from debris near a
hillside spring.
Family XXVI. NITIDULID_E.
Tut SAp-FEEDING BEETLES.
This is a family of medium size, comprising small and usually
somewhat flattened beetles. In most species the thorax has wide,
thin side margins and the elytra are often truncate at apex, thus
leaving the end of the abdomen exposed. In food habits they vary
much, a few being found on flowers and others on fungi or carrion.
The great majority, however, feed on the sap or juices of various
trees and fruits, especially that which has begun to ferment or sour.
They can be found in numbers in early spring wherever sap exudes
from trees, especially those of maple.
Dury says that he has trapped hundreds by laying chips on top
of a freshly cut maple stump. Under these chips, in a day or two,
were congregated twenty or more species and hundreds of indi-
viduals, A mixture of vinegar with brown sugar or molasses will
also attract them if spread on a log in the woods and then covered
with chips. In late summer and early autumn certain species, es-
pecially those of fps, are often found in or under partially decayed
apples, pears or melons. They are therefore to be classed as in-
noxious, rather than either beneficial or harmful in habit; though
the larve of the genera Ips, Carpophilus and Rhizophagus have
been shown to be, in part at least, carnivorous, subsisting upon the
soft bodied larvee of other beetles which jive under bark.
The name Nitidula, applied by Fabricius to the typical genus,
is very inappropriate for the family, since it literally means shining
or elegant, whereas the great majority of the species are clothed
with a fine pubescence which does not permit of their shining to any
great extent. :
The principal characters distinguishing the Nitidu-
lide are: Antenne 11- rarely 10-jointed, terminating
£ 5 ina round or oval club of three, rarely two, joimts and
a inserted under the margin of the front; thorax with
base sometimes closely uniting with that of elytra,
‘ Fig. 237. Nitidul. sometimes passing over the hase of the latter (Fig.
tenon, (After West- 237) ; elytra usually truncate, sometimes entire; front
cexe transverse, separated, not prominent; middle
and hind cox transverse, flat, widely separated, the latter extend-
ing almost to the margin of the hody; abdomen with five free ven-
THE SAp-FEEDING BEETLES. 629
tral segments; legs short, somewhat stout, retractile or partly so:
tarsi short, usually dilated and hairy beneath, usually five-jointed,
with the fourth joint very small, rarely four- or three-jointed.
Practically the only available paper treating of the North Amer-
ican species of the family is that of
Horn.—‘‘Revision of the Nitidulide of the United States,’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., VIL. 1870, 267-336.
About 120 species of the family, divided among 32 genera, are
known from North America. Of these 49 species. belonging to 22
genera, have been taken in Indiana. For convenience the familv
was first divided by Horn into eight tribes. seven of which are rep-
resented in the collection at hand.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF NITIDULID-E.
a. Antenne 11-jointed, ending in a three-jointed club ;* all the tarsi similar
in both sexes.
bv. Tarsi 5-jointed.
ce. Labrum free, more or less visible; color rarely shining black.
d. Maxille with two lobes; antennal club elongate, loose.
Tribe I. BRACHYPTERINI, p. 629.
dd. Maxillz with one lobe; antennal club rounded, compact.
é. Thorax not margined at base; head horizontal.
f. Abdomen with two or three segments exposed.
Tribe II. CARPOPHILINI, p. 631.
ff. Abdomen wholly covered or with but one segment exposed.
Tribe IIT. NutimpULini, p. 635.
ce. Thorax margined at base, covering the base of elytra; head
more or less bent downward.
Tribe IV. CycHRAMINI, p. (45.
cc. Labrum united with the front or lower part of face; color usually
shining black or piceous with reddish or yellow markings.
Tribe VI. Iprnt, p. (Hs.
bob. Tarsi four-jointed; body contractile; thorax margined at base, cover-
ing the base of elytra. Tribe V. CyYBOCEPHALINI, p. 647.
aa. Antenne 10-jointed, the club two-jointed; hind tarsi of males 4-jointed.
Tribe VII. RuyZoPHAGINI, p. 650.
Tribe I. BRACHYPTERINI.
The members of this tribe occur usually on flowers and have
the antennal club gradually formed and not of compact construc-
tion; maxille with two lobes; labrum distinct, usually small, often
deeply emarginate. The males have a small additional apical dorsal
segment. Four genera constitute the tribe, two of which are rep-
resented in Indiana.
¥In some species of Cercus the club has but two joints.
630 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULID.®.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRACHYPTERINI.
a. Larsal claws distinctly toothed at base. I. BracHyPTERUS,
aa. Tarsal claws simple or very nearly so. II. CERcUS.
I. Bracuyprerus Kug. 1794. (Gr., ‘‘short + wing.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi-
ana by one species, which was probably introduced from Europe.
1207 (3661). Bracuyprerus urtica Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 235.
Oval, convex. Piceous with a tinge of bronze, shining and very sparse-
ly pubescent; antennze and legs reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as
wide as long, convex, coarsely and rather densely punctured; sides curved
and feebly sinuate near base. Elytra a little more coarsely but less densely
punctured than thorax, truncate at apex. Length 2 mm.
Steuben, Marshall and Wayne counties; searee. May 25—July
15. Occurs usually on flowers of nettle, whence the specific name;
also sifted from sphagnum moss.
II. Cercus Latr. 1796. (Gr.. ‘‘tail of a beast.’’)
Two species represent this genus in the eastern United States,
both of which occur in Indiana.
1208 (3664). CERCUS ABDOMINALIS Hrichs., Germ. Zeits., IV, 1848, 229.
Oval, convex. Metallic blue or greenish, shining; legs and abdomen
red; antennze reddish-brown, the club piceous, three-jointed. Thorax con-
vex, one-third wider than long, rather coarsely and evenly, but not densely
punctate; base a little wider than apex, hind angles rectangular. Elytra,
together, a little longer than wide, rather more coarsely punctured than the
thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11—July 6. Occurs on
flowers of blood root (‘Sunguinaria} in early spring and later on
foliage of various shrubs and trees, especially those in low ground.
1209 (3665). CERCUS PENNATUS Murr., Trans. Linn. Soc., XXIV, 235.
Oval, subeonvex. Light brownish-yellow to piceous, feebly shining,
sparsely pubescent. Antennal club two-jointed. Thorax nearly twice as
wide as long, apex feebly emarginate, sides regularly curved and hind an-
gles obtuse in male; sinuate behind and hind angles distinct in female; disk
convex, rather densely punctate. Elytra, together, longer than wide, apex
rounded-truncate, surface rather coarsely but not densely punctate. Length
2.3 mm.
Steuben, Whitley, Marion and Jackson counties; searee. June
19—July 19. Oceurs on flowers of elder and wild hydrangea,
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 631
Tribe II. CARPOPHILINI.
Small oval or elongate subdepressed species having the antennz
ending in an abrupt 3-jointed club and, in repose, received in dis-
tinet grooves. Males with a small sixth dorsal segment attached to
the abdomen, The species live on flowers cr rarely beneath bark.
Of the four genera composing the tribe, three are represnted in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CARPOPHILINI.
a. Form not especially elongate; last ventral segment not long and conical.
b. Second and third ventral segments short, first, fourth and fifth longer.
III. CarvorHins.
bb. First to fourth ventral segments short, fifth as long as the others
united. IV. CoLastus.
aq. Worm elongate; last ventral segment long
and conical. V. CONOTELUS.
JI. CarvopHinus Stephens. 1830.
(Gr., ‘‘fruit + loving.’’)
The members of this genus have the .
labrum bilobed; club of antennz flat-
tened and oval; tarsi dilated, with sim-
ple claws. About 15 species are known
from the United States, seven of which
have been taken in Indiana, while one or
Fig. 238. (a see pallipennis Say.
two others doubtless occur. %
C11. (After Forbes.)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARPOPHILUS.
a. Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded or very obtuse.
bo. Thorax narrowed in front, its front angles rounded; elytra piceous,
with yellow basal and apical spaces. 1210. HEMIPTERUS.
bb. Thorax quadrate, its front angles distinct. 1211. DIMIDIATUS.
aa. Hind angles of thorax distinct but sometimes retracted.
ec. Elytra wholly different in color from head and thorax; surface finely
and densely punctured. 1212. MELANOPTERUS.
ce. Blytra, at least in part, of same hue as head and thorax.
d. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base.
ec, Sides of thorax curved; surface opaque, piceous or black.
1213. NIGER.
ee. Sides straight; surface feebly shining, dark reddish-brown.
MARGINATUS.
dd. Thorax subquadrate, not or very feebly narrower at apex.
f. Surface densely punctured, opaque. 1214. CORTICINUS.
ff. Surface sparsely or inconspicuously punctured, moderately shin-
ing.
g. Wlytra uniform piceous or nearly black; prosternum in front
nearly smooth. 1215. BRACHYPTERUS.
632 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULID.F.
gg. Elytra bicoiored, the base reddish-brown, apex piceous; pro-
sternum in front densely and rather coarsely punctured.
1216. ANTIQUUS.
1210 (3672). CaRPorHILUS HEMIPTERUS Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 565.
Oblong. Piceous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent ;
» elytra each with a humeral spot and large irregular
- apical space dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax one-third
wider than long, narrowed at apex, sides feebly curved,
hind angles obtuse; surface sparsely punctured at
middle, more densely near sides. Elytra and abdo-
men above and below sparsely and finely punctate.
Prosternum coarsely and sparsely punctured. Length
4mm. (Vig. 259.)
Fig. 239. x 64. ee
tier smth Posey County; rare. May 25.
1211 (3674). CARPOPHILUS bDIMIDIATUS Fab., Ent. Syst.. I, 1795, 261.
Oblong. moderately robust. Pale brownish-ycllow to piceous; feebly
shining, sparsely pubescent. ‘Thorax slightly wider than long, sides curved
on apical third, thence nearly straight to base, hind angles obtuse. surface
rather densely punctured, more so on sides. Elytra together longer than
wide, more sparsely and finely punctured than thorax. Abdomen above and
below finely and sparsely punctured. Prosternum coarsely and densely
punctured. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Wells and Vigo counties; rare. July 21-September 23. Taken
on rotten melon.
1212 (3675). CaRPOPHILUS MELANOPTERUS Hrichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV.
1843, 262.
Oval, moderately robust. Uniform pale reddish-yellow, above and be-
low, except the elytra, which are black or piceous. Thorax one-third wider
than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, hind angles small, re-
tracted; disk convex, together with the elytra rather finely and densely
punctured. Prosternum coarsely but not densely punctured. Length +
4.5 mm.
A southwestern species, collected in Marshall and Putnam coun-
ties; searce. June 4—October 15.
1213 (38678). Carpopmints nicer Say, Journ. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci., IIL.
19823) Ue: ibidy IT; 124,
Oval, slightly oblong. Uniform brownish-black or piceous, sparsely
pubescent; legs. scape of antennse and abdomen reddish-brown. Thorax
one-half wider than long, sides regularly curved, hind angles rectangular ;
disk, as well as that of elytra. slightly flattened, densely punctured, Hu-
mera] angles of elytra prominent. Length 3.5-4.2 mm.
Steuben and Vigo counties, scarce; at sap of soft maple. Proh-
ably occurs thronghout the State. June 18—September 22.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 633
1214 (3680), CaRrpopiiILus corticinus Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV, 1843,
200.
Oval, slightly oblong. Piceous, feebly shining, minutely alutaceous,
sparsely pubescent; legs and antennse dark reddish-brown. Thorax one-
halt wider than long, as broad at apex as at base, sides feebly curved, hind
angles rectangular; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely but
not coarsely punctured. Prosternum densely and rather coarsely punc-
tured. Length 3 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. April 4-October 17. Resem-
bles a small niger but known by the form of thorax and more shin-
ing surface. Taken from beneath leaves of mullein and beaten
from flowers of linn.
C. marginatus Erichs., length 1.5-2 mm.. with sides of thorax
and elytra continuous, has been taken near Cincinnati.
1215 (3681). CARPOPHILUS BRACHYPTERUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., V, 1825, 183; ibid. II, 288.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, very finely and sparsely pubes-
cent; legs and antennze reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as wide as
long, apex and base equal, sides moderately curved, punctures of the disk
rather coarse and not dense, those of sides finer and denser. Surface of
elytra more finely punctured than thorax. Prosternum nearly smooth.
Length 2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-October 17. Oc-
curs on flowers of cherry, apple, black haw and other shrubs and at
sap. Resembles the preceding, but distinguished by its smaller and
broader form and smooth prosternum.
1216 (3683). CARPOPHILUS ANTIQUUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 105.
Oblong. YViceous, moderately shining; base of elytra reddish-brown,
gradually passing to piceous. Thorax one-third wider than long, base and
apex equal, sides feebly curved, hind angles rectangular; surface sparsely
punctured at middle, more finely and densely on sides. Surface of elytra
coarsely but sparsely punctate. Prosternum coarsely and rather densely
punctured on sides. Hind tibisre of males suddenly dilated at apical half.
Length 2.5-3 mm.
Southern half of State; common. Hibernates beneath mullein
and rubbish in fence corners. Taken hy sifting in early spring;
also at sap. March 17-December 7.
TV. Conastus Erichs, 1543. (Gr., ‘‘to mutilate.’’)
The members of this genus are broadly oval or oblong, strongly
flattened and sparsely pubescent beetles, which live beneath bark
and feed upon sap. The males have the last ventral segment emar-
634 PAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDE.,
ginate and a small additional segment visible. Five are known
from the eastern United States. all of which may occur in Indiana,
though but three have as yet been taken.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF COLASTUS.
a. Hind angles of thorax distinct.
b. Scutellum smooth at tip.
ec. Form broadly oval.
d. Thorax with an oblique pit or fovea in each hind angle.
1217. MoRIO.
dd. Thorax without fovea; elytra each with four reddish spots.
MACULATUS.
ce. Form oblong, much depressed; elytra dull yellow, the sides and
apex narrowly piceous. 1218. SEMITECTUS.
bb. Scutellum densely punctured; color uniformly piceous. UNICOLOR.
aa. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rounded; form oblong-oval, depressed.
1219. TRUNCATUS.
1217 (3685). CoLastus morio Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV, 1843, 242.
Broadly oval, depressed. Piceous black, shining, sparsely pubescent;
under surface piceous; antennsz and legs reddish-brown, the club darker.
Head coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, sides broadly curved, apex emarginate; base bisinuate, twice as wide
as apex; disk coarsely and rather closely punctured, with a vague depres-
sion each side of scutellum and a distinct oblique one near each hind angle.
Elytra together wider than long, with somewhat irregular rows of coarse,
close-set punctures. Length 4-5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. March 6. Taken from under surface
of hickory slab.
1218 (3687). ConLasrus semiTEcTUS Say, Journ. Vhil. Acad. Nat. Sei., Y,
1825, 182; ibid. II, 288.
Elongate-oval, much depressed. Piceous, moderately shining; elytra
dull reddish-yellow, narrowly piceous on sides and apex. ‘Thorax one-half
wider than long, apex narrower than base, surface coarsely but not densely
punctate. Elytra rather densely punctate, the punctures near suture in ill-
defined rows. Prosternum very sparsely punctate. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Lake, Crawford and Posey counties; searce. May 21-July 3.
121% (3689). CoLasTus TRUNCATUS Rand., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 18.
Oval, slightly oblong, strongly depressed. Dull reddish-brown; head
usually piccous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed in front,
width of apex equal to length, disk feebly convex; surface, as well as that
of elytra, rather densely punctate. Apex of elytra broadly emarginate-
truncate. Prosternum nearly smooth. Length 2-2.5 mm.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 635
Starke, Marshall, Marion and Clark counties; scarce. April 9-
July 380. Occurs in spring at sap of maple and other trees; in
summer on flowers.
C. maculatus Erichs., and C. unicoior Say, both 4.5 mm. in
length and piceous in hue, are of wide distribution in the Atlantic
region. The first named has heen taken at Cincinnati.
V. Conoretus Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘eone + end.’’)
The members of this genus have an elongate form, and resemble
those of Trogophleus of the Staphylinide. This is due to the ab-
domen being much elongated, three joints being exposed above.
Beneath, the first two segments are short and equal; the third and
fourth are of equal length, each as long as the first two together;
fifth elongate, flattened conical, longer than the preceding two
together. The males have the terminal dorsal segment truncate
and feebly emarginate, with a small additional segment exposed.
Three species are known from the United States, one of which oc-
curs in Indiana.
1220 (8692). CoNoTrELUs opscurus Erichs., Germ. Zeits., IV, 1848, 252.
Hlongate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, opaque, sparsely pubescent ;
legs and antennie brownish-yellow, the club piceous. Thorax one-third
wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, hind angles obtusely rounded;
surface finely rugulose, sparsely punctate. Elytra together nearly square,
usually less black than thorax, surface finely granular, with numerous
irregular rows of obsolete punctures. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Tippecanoe, Putnam, Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce.
June 15-July 15. Oceurs on flowers of dogwood (Cornus) and
hollyhock.
Tribe III. NITIDULINI.
This tribe is the largest of the family and is “composed of
elliptical, usually depressed and often widely margined, species.
The elytra cover the entire abdomen or leave only the pygidium
exposed. Its members live on sap, on flowers, in fungi, under bark
or on dried animal matter. Twelve genera comprise the tribe, nine
of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NITIDULINI.
uv. Prosternum depressed behind the front cox, not prolonged.
b. Tarsi very distinctly dilated on all the feet; tips of elytra usually
truncate.
c. Apical segment of abdomen usually exposed; elytra without costze
636 PAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDA.
or rows of punctures; antennal grooves strongly convergent.
d. Labrum bilobed; males with a sixth dorsal segment; length
2-4.7 min. VI. Wrur#a.
dd. Labrum feebly emarginate; males without sixth segment ; length
3.5-5.5 mm. VII. Nuvripuna.
ce. Abdomen wholly covered; elytra with either cost or rows of punc-
tures; antennal grooves parallel, passing directly backwards;
length 2.8 mim. VIII. Sreripora.
bb. Tarsi not dilated or very feebly so; tips of elytra rounded, wholly
covering the abdomen.
c. Mentum broad, covering the base of the maxillze; margin of thorax
and elytra very wide and flat, translucent; length 5-6 mm.
IX. PROMETOPIA.
ee. Mentum not covering the maxille.
f. Front not lobed over the antenn.
g. Elytra subcostate; mandibles with tip slightly bifid; length
more than 5.5 mm. X. PHENOLIA.
gg. Elytra without trace of coste; mandibles not bifid at tip;
length less than 4 mm. XI. OmosiTa.
ff. Front lobed over the insertion of antennse; margin of thorax and
elytra as in Prometopia; length 4-5 mm. XII. Soronta.
aa. Prosternum elevated behind the front cox, often prolonged.
h. Mesosternum not carinate; body oval or rounded, convex, pubescent;
tarsi not dilated; length 3-4 mm. XIII. Pocapius.
hh. Mesosternum carinate; body oblong, subdepressed; tarsi all dilated;
length 2—2.5 min. XIV. MMELIGETHES.
VIL Epurasa Erichs. 1543. (Gr. “upon + tail.) ”’
This is the largest genus of the family and is composed of small
depressed species very difficult to separate. They have the labrum
bilobed; antenne with an abrupt 3-jointed club and elytra either
truncate or entire. The males possess an additional anal segment.
and often have the middle and hind tibie dilated at tip. They
must be meunted with legs spread and the hind coxa visible, else
they cannot be classified at all. TLlorn divides the species into three
groups, two of which are represented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF EPURAGA,
a. Middle tibie dissimilar in the two sexes, that of the mule sinuate
within and thickened at tip; that of the female slender. Group A.
aa. Middle tibize similar in the two sexes, slender; hind tibim of both sexes
similar and slender. Group B.
Group uA.
The greatest number and the largest of our species belong here.
In the male the middle tibix are sinnate on the inner margin, the
apex being prolonged inward to a greater or less extent. The fol-
lowing species have been taken or probably oceur in the State:
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 637
KEY To INDIANA SPECITS OF GROUP a.
a. Vrocess of abdomen between the hind cox broad, truncate.
b. Sides of thorax moderately curved. gradually broader to base: form
broadly oval, color yellow ; length +4.5 mm. HORNII.
bb. Sides of thorax strenzly curved, at base narrowed or sinuate, hind
angles acute: color dark reddish-brown.
ec. Form broadly oval; elytra narrower at tips. 1221. HELVOLA.
ce. Form more oblong: elytra scarcely narrowed at tips. 1222. RUFa.
aa. Process of abdomen between the hind cox narrow, acute; metasternum
usually acutely notched behind for its reception; elytra truncate at
tip.
d@. Form oblong-oval.
e. Middle tibize of male stronely sinuate within, the inward prolenza-
tion of tip well marked.
f. Thorax breadest at base. hind angles rectaneular: coler pale
reddish-yellow. 225. ERICHSONIL
ff. Thorax slizhtly narrewed at hase.
a. Sides of therax simply curved; hind angles uot prominent:
color uniform dull reddish-yellow. 1224. RUFIDA.
gy. Sides of thorax sinuate near hind anzles. which are rather
acute; color dull reddish-brown, the disk of elytra clouded
with fuscous. 1225. CORTICINA.
ec. Middle tibiz of male feebly sinuate. the tips merely thickened.
h. Color reddish-yellow: sides of thorax obliquely narrowed near
the base. AVARA.
hit. Color ymle yellow: sides of thorax slightly curved near the base.
i. Hind angles of thorax obtuse. margin not flattened.
FULVESCENS.
fi. Hind aneles acute and prominent, marvius flattened and re-
flexed. 1226. DURYTI.
dd, Form elonzate-parallel: color picecus. feebly shining: thorax sinuate
behind. 13 TRU NCATELLA.
E. hornit Creteh 1s known from Grimsby. Canada, and probably
occurs in northern Indiana.
1221 (3696). Eptr#a HELYoLa Erichs.. Germ. Zeits.. IV. 1345. 273.
Broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown. feebly shining. sparsely pubescent :
the margins often paler. Thorax rather more than twice as wide asx
leng. apex deeply emaryinate: sides stronzly curved. slizltly narrowing at
base. hind apgles subacute: margin broadly flattened. slightly reflexed:
surface. as well as that of elytra. finely granulate. rather densely punctate.
Elytra oval. together a little longer than wide, marzin refiexed. Length
3 mm.
Steuben. Laporte. Lawrenee. Vige and Crawford counties. fre-
quent: probably threaghout the State. Mfay 26-Augnst V1. 0
curs in sumer in deeayine teshy fungi; in spring at sap.
638 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDE.
1222 (3697). Epurasa rura, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 180;
ibid. II, 286.
Resembles iclvola in color and size, and often confounded with that
species. It is, however, more oblong, with longer elytra, which are scarcely
narrowed from base to apex and very narrowly margined. Thoracic mar-°
gins not at all reflexed. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Mareh 6—-October 17. Occurs
in early spring beneath leaves, mullein and other rubbish, from
whence it is taken by sifting; also at sap and in fungi.
1223 (3700). Hruraa RICH SONIL Reitter, Verbandl. Nat. Verein, 1874, 35.
Oblong-oval. Dull clay yellow, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubes-
cence. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front,
apex feebly emarginate; sides feebly curved and subparallel behind, mar-
gin slightly reflexed; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely and
coarsely punctate. Elytra one-third longer than wide, slightly narrower
to apex. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 31—August 25. Prob-
ably hibernates. Occurs beneath bark and at sap in early spring;
later cn flowers of huckleberry and other marsh plants.
1224 (3701). Epuraa ruripa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844,
106.
Oblong-oval. Dull reddish-yellow. Thorax less than twice as wide as
long, slightly narrower at apex than base; sides moderately curved, nar-
rowed obliquely for a short distance in front of base, hind angles rectangu-
lar; margins rather widely flattened, slightly reflexed; surface, as well as
that of elytra, densely punctured. Elytra one-half Jonger than wide, sides
parallel in front, slightly curved and narrowing on’ apical third. Length
3.5-4 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 11-July 11. Occurs
beneath bark of oak and on flowers of linden.
1225 (3703). Epur#a corticina Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., IV, 1848, 270.
Oblong-oval. Dull reddish-brown; disks of thorax and elytra clouded
with darker; legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides rather’
strongly curved, sinuate near base; hind angles acute, margin narrowly
reflexed; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely granulate-punc-
tate. Elytra one-third longer than wide, sides feebly curved and slightly
narrower toward the tips. Length 3.5 mm.
Orange County; rare. September 9. Taken beneath oak bark.
‘‘Occurs especially in the Gulf States.’’
E. avara Rand., dull reddish-yellow, length 3-3.5 mm., is said to
occur all over the United States and Canada, but has not yet been
noted from Indiana. F. fulvescens Horn, pale vellow, length
3-3.5 mm., was described from Canada and iy recorded from near
Cincinnati.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 639
1226 ( ). EPUR&A DURYI Sp. nov.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Uniform pale yellow,
sparsely pubescent, distinctly shining. Head finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
widest at middle, the sides thence converging and nearly
straight to apex, feebly curved to base; disk finely and
rather sparsely punctate, broadly and shallowly im-
pressed near the hind angles. Elytra together a little
longer than wide, tips subtruncate; disk finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Abdomen finely granulate-punctate.
Intercoxal process rather broad, but acute at apex. Length Fig. 240. x 4.
3.5-4.7 mm. (Fig. 240.) (Original.)
Crawford County; rare. June 27-June 28. Taken also by
Chas. Dury near Cincinnati and named in his honor. The largest
species taken in the State.
1227 (3709). EpurRaA TRUNCATELLA Mann., Bull. Mosc., II, 1846, 514.
Elongate, parallel. Piceous-brown to nearly black, sparsely pubescent.
Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly curved and obliquely nar-
rowed on basal third; hind angles subrectangular, margins narrowly flat-
tened; surface densely punctate. Elytra slightly narrowed near tips, less
densely punctured than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. April 13. Taken from decaying
fungi,
. Group B.
In this group the tibie present no sexual characters whatever.
Two of the seven species comprising the group have been taken,
while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B,
a. Process of abdomen between the hind coxe, broad, obtuse.
vb. Elytra narrowly margined; hind femora of male simple; color dark
reddish-brown, the margin of thorax yellowish translucent.
1228. oOvaATA.
bb. Elytra widely margined; hind femora of male obtusely subangulate;
piceous, the elytra each with four paler spots. PELTOIDES.
aa. Process of abdomen triangular, more or less acute; color pale reddish-
yellow. « 1229. LABILIS.
1228 (3711). Epuraa ovata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, 298.
Broadly oval. Piceous, moderately shining; margins of thorax and
elytra paler. Thorax twice as wide as long; apex narrower than base and
deeply emarginate; sides strongly curved, suddenly sinuate near the hind
angles, which are rectangular; margins widely flattened and moderately
reflexed; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely punctate. Ely-
tra very little longer than wide at base; sides curved and gradually nar-
rowing to the tips, which are rounded; margin narrowly reflexed. Length
2.5-3 mam. iy | |
Steuben, Kosciusko, Putnam and Marion counties; scarce.
[41—23402] |
640 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDA.
April 22-June 19. Taken from beneath dead leaves by sifting;
also beneath bark of beech. Described from Michigan and Canada.
Resembles helvola but readily distinguished by the smaller size and
rounded tips of elytra.
E. peltoides Horn, 2.5 mm. in length, was described from Michi-
gan and Maryland.
1229 (8714). Epurata Lapitis Brichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV, 1843, 272.
Oval. Dull reddish-yellow, rather shining, sparsely pubescent. Tho-
rax twice as wide as long; sides regularly curved and gradually narrowing
from base to apex, which is feebly emarginate; margin narrowly reflexed,
hind angles rectangular; surface, as well as that of elytra, coarsely and
rather densely punctured. Elytra one-third longer than wide, tips trun-
cate, sides feebly recurved and slightly narrowing behind the middle. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 16-August 29. Resem-
bles erichsonu, but smaller and the males distinguished by charac-
ters given in key. Occurs on flowers of elder, dogwood, ete.
VII. Niriuna Fab. 1775. (L., ‘‘shining or bright.’’)
The members of this genus are known as ‘‘bone beetles’’ and
are distinguished from Hpiaiwa hy their larger size and by the
labrum being feebly emarginate instead of bilobed. They have
the antenne 11-jointed. the elub abrupt and 3-jointed; abdominal
segments 2 to 5 equal, the first very little longer. Three species
occur in the United States, all of which are found in Indiana.
The first two have been introduced from Europe.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NITIDULA.
a. Thorax coarsely and rather densely punctured.
b. Piceous; elytra each with a rounded reddish spot on disk.
1230. BIPUNCTATA.
bb. Piceous; elytra without spots. 1231. RUFIPES.
aa. Thorax sparsely and rather finely punctured; elytra usually with irregu-
lar dull yellow spots. 1232. ziczac.
1230 (8719). NitipuLa BrpuNcTaTA Linn., Fauna Suec., 1758, 148.
Oval, feebly convex. Piceous black, finely pubes-
cent; each elytron with a round reddish spot near the
middle. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, nar-
rower at apex; margins moderately flattened, hind
angles nearly rectangular. Elytra together longer than
wide, rather sparsely and finely punctured. Length
45-6 mm. (Fig. 241.)
Vigo, Lawrence and Knox counties; searee.
April 15-July 11. Oeeurs on or heneath bones
Big. 241. > 5. and skins of dry carcasses, and probably to be
t ith. .
eas found throughout the State,
‘HE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 641
1231 (3720). NuivTIpULA RuUFIPES Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 573.
Oval, slightly oblong. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; antenne (ex-
cept clubs) and legs reddish-brown. ‘Thorax less than twice as wide as
long, apex but little narrower than base; sides moderately curved, margin
narrowly flattened; surface, as well as that of elytra, densely and rather
coarsely punctured. Length 3.54 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Crawford, Posey and Lawrence counties; frequent.
March 26-August 7. Occurs with preceding on bones of carrion;
also on foliage.
1232 (3721). NuTIDULA ziczac Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
179; ibid. II, 285.
Oblong-oval. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; elytra usually with basal
spots and a median S-shaped spot dull yellow. Thorax a little less than
twice as wide as long, apex slightly narrower than base; sides feebly curved,
surface rather sparsely and finely punctured. Length 34 mm.
Lake, Lawrence and Posey counties; rare. April 13—August 7.
Occurs on dead birds and reptiles. Varies to the elytra wholly de-
void of spots.
VIII. Srenmora Erichs. 18438. (Gr., ‘‘a column.’’)
The members of this genus resemble those of Epurca, but have
the elytra subcostate or with rows of punctures and covering the ab-
domen, so that, looking from above, no segment of the latter is vis-
ible. The antenne end in an abrupt club, and when folded back
repose in rather deep, subocular grooves which are parallel. Three
species are known, two of which oecur in Indiana.
1233 (3722). SrenmotTa ceminata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 181; ibid. II, 287.
Oval, narrower behind. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the margins
paler; elytra with two crossbars of indistinct paler spots, one basal, the
other behind the middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, broadest at base,
apex deeply emarginate; sides regularly curved from base to apex, margin
broad, flattened; hind angles rectangular, disk coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Blytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowed to apex;
tips rounded; disk subcostate, the ridges with a single row of fine punc-
tures, each bearing a short hair, the grooves closely punctured. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-September 23. Oc-
curs in spring at sap and beneath leaves; in autumn on decaying
fruit and melons.
1234 (3723). STELIDOTA OcTOMACULATA Say, loc. cit.
Resembles the preceding, but a little larger and darker. The thorax
with sides more curved at base, so that the latter is narrower than a little
642 PAMIGY XXVL—-NITIDULID.T.
in front. Elytra with the ridges less distinct, but with the rows of fine
hair bearing punctures, between which are rows of larger round, shallow
punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Starke, Marion, Putnam, Crawford and Posey counties; less fre-
quent than geminata. April 10-June 18. Occurs beneath chips,
stones and decaying fruit. The spots on elytra are reddish and usu-
ally located two at base, one on sutural margin near middle, another
behind the middle and one on tip.
IX. Promeropra Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘before + spot.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi-
ana by a single species having the thorax deeply emarginate in front,
with sides broadly flattened; mandibles prominent and bifid at tip;
antennex slender, first joint stout, third very long, club elongate-
oval. '
#1235 (3725). PROMETOPIA SEXMACULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1825, 179; ibid. II, 285.
Broadly oval, depressed. Piceous, with the margins, un-
der parts, an irregular humeral band and a spot on apical
third of each elytron, pale reddish-brown. Thorax twice as
: wide as long, narrower in front, sides feebly curved, hind
YY angles rectangular; disk rather sparsely punctate with
j : \ coarse and fine punctures intermingled. Blytra as wide as
Fig. 242. x 3}. long (male) or longer than wide (female), the surface sparse-
(Original.) ly and coarsely punctate. Length 5-6 mm. (Fig. 242.)
Southern half of State, frequent; much less so in the northern
counties. Hibernates with the next species beneath logs and bark
and remains motionless, adhering closely to logs when shelter is re-
moved; in spring at sap. January 18-December 20.
je
X. Puunoua Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘a cloak.’’)
This genus is also represented over the same range as the pre-
ceding by a single species, one of the largest of the family.
*1236 (3726). PHENOLIA GROSSA F'ab., Syst. Hleut., I, 1801, 347.
Elongate, oval. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra each with seven in-
distinct reddish spots, arranged one on each side of scutellum, an oblique
row of three between humerus and suture and a second oblique row of
three near the middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, apex a little nar-
rower than base, deeply emarginate; sides moderately curved, sinuate near
the hind angles, which are subacute; surface coarsely but rather sparsely
punctate. Elytra as wide as thorax; disk feebly costate, each ridge with
a row of fine punctures bearing a short hair; the grooves with three ill-
defined rows of punctures. Length 6.5-8 mm.
THE SAP-FREDING BEETLES, 648
Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 1—No-
vember 25. Occurs beneath bark and in fungi.
XI. Omosita Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘wild.’’)
To this genus belong two small, piceous beetles, distinguished by
characters given in generic key. Both occur also in Europe. One
of them inhabits Indiana.
1287 (3727). OmosiTa coton Linn., Faun. Suec., 151.
Oblong-oval. Piceous, the margins of thorax dull yellow; elytra each
with three or four small dull yellow spots on basal half, and a large com-
mon yellowish space on apical portion enclosing on each side a piceous
dot. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides regularly curved, sur-
face somewhat rugose and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 24—October 9. Prob-
ably hibernates. According to field notes, it was found on flowers
of skunk cabbage in April; beneath bones and skin of dead calf in
June and July, and on dry fungi in autumn, so that it may be said
to be omnivorous in taste. An introduced European species.
XII. Soronta Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘old oak.’’)
Five species of this genus are listed from the United States.
Our single species resembles Prometopia sermaculata in form but is
smaller, differently colored and the side of the head in front of the
eyes bears a distinct lobe.
*1238 (3730). SoRONIA UNDULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 179; ibid. II, 286.
Broadly oval, depressed. Under surface and margins above dull yel-
low; disk of thorax piceous with pale spots; that of elytra piceous with a
zigzag band behind the middle and numerous small spots, paler. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long at middle, narrower in front, apex deeply
emarginate, sides moderately curved, hind angles obtuse; surface rather
densely punctured at middle, more sparsely on sides. Elytra slightly wider
than base of thorax, the disk a little more coarsely punctured. Length
4-5 mm.
Lake, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. Hibernates.
February 25-September 22. Occurs beneath logs in winter, at sap
in spring and autumn.
XII. Pocapvrus Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘the hair.’’)
This genus belongs to that division of the Nitidulint having the
prosternum convex between the front coxe, the tip with a conical
644 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDZ.
protuberance. Head with distinct antennal grooves; tarsi slender
on all the feet; the claws simple. Two species are known from the
United States, one of which occurs in Indiana.
1239 (3734). Pocaprus HELvoLUs Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., IV, 1843, 320.
Broadly oval, convex, robust. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubes-
cent; sides of elytra often darker. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate; base and sides eurved, the lat-
ter narrowly margined; disk convex, coarsely and irregularly punctured.
Elytra as wide as thorax, tips rounded-truncate; disk of each with ten
rows of slightly impressed punctures; intervals with two irregular rows
of fine punctures, each bearing a short yellowish hair. Length 34 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 5-September 1. Oc-
eurs in the ‘‘giant puff ball,’’ Lycoperdon giganteum.
XIV. Meuicerues Steph. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘honey + rejoice.’’)
Small, subdepressed, black or bronzed species, having the labrum
nearly concealed; antennz with an abrupt 3-jointed club; point of
prosternum enlarged, free and overlapping the mesosternum; elytra
truncate at apex, exposing the tip of abdomen. They feed on vari-
ous flowers, eating the pollen and nectar. Five species are listed
from the United States, two of which have been taken in Indiana.
Both have the front tarsi finely toothed and tarsal claws simple.
1240 (3738). MELIGETHES ANEUS Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, 78.
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax bronzed; elytra black with a bluish
tinge, sparsely and finely pubescent; antenne and legs piceous, the front
tibia often paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, mar-
gins narrowly flattened their full length, hind angles obtusely rectangular;
surface finely and rather densely punctate. Elytra as in the next species;
intervals between the punctures not alutaceous. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Monroe and Lawrence counties; rare. May 11-May 13. Sifted
from debris of beech stumps. More oblong and less convex than
mutatus and with the flattened margins of thorax extending the
full length instead of only to the basal fourth. 1/. rufimanus Lee.,
is a synonym.
1241 (8789). MernigetuEs mutratrus Harold, Col. Heft., IV.
ruficornis Lec., Col. Kans., 1859, 6.
Oval, subdepressed. Black, tinged with bronze, sparsely pubescent.
Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower in front; sides moderately curved,
margin flattened from in front to near the basal fourth; hind angles ob-
tusely rectangular, disk convex, rather densely punctured. Elytra one-
fourth longer than wide, slightly narrowed to apex; rather finely and
sparsely punctate, the intervals between the punctures finely alutacecous.
Length 2-2.5 mm.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 645
Franklin County; scaree. May 13. Occurs on flowers of nettle
and other plants.
Tribe IV. CYCHRAMINI.
Rounded or oval convex species, living mostly in fungi and hav-
ing the thorax margined at base and covering the base of elytra,
which in turn cover the abdomen, so as to leave only the tip of the
terminal segment exposed; head more or less deflexed; labrum dis-
tinct; prosternum more or less prolonged at apex. Four of the
six genera composing the tribe have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CYCHRAMINI.
a. Mesosternum protuberant in front; middle coxze widely separated.
b. Body glabrous; punctures of elytra in rows; prosternum prolonged,
broadly dilated at tip, covering entirely the mesosternum.
AY. WS(Lorraa.
bb. Body pubescent; punctures of elytra confused; prosternum less pro-
longed, feebly dilated at tip, not covering entirely the mesosternum.
XVI. AxMPIIICROSSUS.
aa. Mesosternum small, oblique, not protuberant in front; middle coxie nar-
rowly separated.
c. Body glabrous; hind tarsi longer than the others.
XVII. DPALLODEs.
ce. Body pubescent; all the tarsi equal in length.
XVIII. CyrcuraMus.
XV. Psimoryca Lee. 1853.
Labrum prominent, deeply bilobed; antennal club abrupt, oval,
three-jointed, the grooves deep, subocular; base of thorax with a
short truncate lobe; scutellum large, broadly triangular; elytra
truncate; front tarsi dilated. Males with a small additional seg-
ment. The genus Psylopyga is said by Dr. Sharp to be distinct
from Oxycnemus Er.
1242 (8742). PsILopyGA HISTRINA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VI,
1853, 287.
Broadly oval, robust. Black, shining. Head coarse-
ly punctured. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, narrowed in front, apex broadly emarginate;
base curved, sinuate each side of median lobe; disk
sparsely, rather finely punctured, with a double row
of larger punctures near the apex. Elytra as broad
as long, each with ten rows of rather coarse punc-
tures; intervals slightly convex, sparsely and irregu-
larly punctate. Length 5 mm. (Fig. 241a.)
Montgomery County; rare. July 4. Occurs
in the stink-horn fungus.
Fig. 241a. (After Horn.)
646 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULID.
1248 (3743). PsILopyGaA NIGRIPENNIS Lec., N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 64.
Form of histrina. Reddish-yellow; elytra alone black, shining. Disk
of thorax more sparsely and less coarsely punctured than in histrina, with-
out coarse punctures near apex. LElytral stris less deep, the punctures
smaller; intervals flat. Length 4-4.5 mm.
Montgomery County; rare. July 4. Both this and the pre-
ceding were taken by Earl Grimes of Russellville, Indiana, from
the same stink-horn fungus. As stated by Horn, this may prove
to be but a variety of histrina. Both resemble species of Hister
very closely and are usually placed with that genus by beginners.
XVI. Ampuicrossus Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘‘on both sides +
fringe.’’)
Oval, brownish or piceous species having the labrum bilobed;
front tarsi distinctly dilated, hind ones simple; claws not toothed.
One species occurs in the State.
1244 (3744). AMPHICROSSUS CILIATUS Oliv., Encye. Meth., VIII, 210.
Broadly oval. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; thorax with margins
and a spot in front of scutellum paler; elytra each with three paler spots
at base and sometimes a fourth near apex; legs yellowish. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, apex deeply emarginate;
sides feebly curved, hind angles broadly rounded; surface rather closely
punctate. Elytra as long as wide, surface more finely and less densely
punctured than thorax. Males with a small tuft of stiff hairs, resembling
a spine, near the middle of the suture. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Knox counties; frequent. April 7—Sep-
tember 21. Occurs at sap in spring; on flowers of Eupatorium and
allied plants in autumn.
XVII. Paunoves Erichs. 1843. (Gr., ‘fa ball +like.’’)
In this genus the prosternum is but slightly prolonged and not
dilated at tip; mandibles bifid; front and middle tarsi dilated. But
one species is known.
1245 (3747). Paxitopes pattipus Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 157.
Oval, convex. Dull reddish-brown, shining; elytra somewhat irides-
cent. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front,
apex emarginate, sides curved, hind angles rectangular; surface sparsely
and finely punctate. Scutellum large, sparsely punctate. Elytra longer
than wide, each with nine rows of fine punctures; intervals each with a
single row of very fine ones. Length 33—t mm.
Throughout the State; frequent on fleshy fungi. May 2-Sep-
tember 29.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 647
XVIII. Cycnramus Kug. 1794. (Gr., ‘‘name of a bird.’’)
The members of this genus resemble those of Amphicrossus in
form and pubescent surface, but differ in having the labrum feebly
emarginate instead of bilobed; prosternum not prolonged at tip;
metasternum bent upwards at tip between the coxe, but not protu-
berant; thorax not lobed at middle of base and scutellum of medium
size. One of the two known species oceurs in Indiana.
1246 (8748). CycHRamus apustTus Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., LV, 1843, 346.
Broadly oval, convex. Reddish-brown, opaque, pubescent; elytra with
the sides usually piceous, or rarely wholly black; legs paler. Thorax twice
as wide as long, narrower in front, apex deeply emarginate, base truncate;
sides curved, hind angles obtuse or rounded; surface rather coarsely and
closely punctate. LKlytra as broad as long, slightly narrower behind the
middle; tips obtusely truncate; disk with fine elongate punctures arranged
in quite regular rows. Length 34 mm.
Near Mitchell, Lawrence County; rare. June 4-July 28. Taken
from fleshy white fungi. Ranges from Virginia and Pennsylvania
to Georgia and Missouri.
Tribe V. CYBOCEPHALINI.
This tribe is represented in our fauna by the single genus:
XIX. CysocepHauis Erichs. 1844. (Gr., ‘‘inflected + head.’’)
It comprises two minute species, the smallest of the family, hay-
ing the tarsi 4-jointed; antenne scarcely longer than the width of
head; prosternum acutely carinate in front, not prolonged behind
the front cox; thorax margined at base, covering the base of ely-
tra; body retractile and when so bent, ovate and very convex. One
of the two occurs in Indiana.
1247 (3750). CyYBocEPHALUS NIGRITULUS Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., 1863, 64.
Ovate, convex. Black or piceous, strongly shining, very finely alu-
taceous; legs piceous. Thorax with margin not flattened, narrowly trans-
lucent, surface smooth. Elytra with very fine, sparse punctures in basal
area. Length 1-1.5 mm.
Dubois County; scarce. April 29. Probably throughout the
State, but overlooked on account of small size, as the range is given
as ‘‘Michigan to Georgia.’’ Occurs in colonies on fungus covered
logs. Resembles in form the species of Agathidium of the family
Silphide.
648 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULID.®.
Tribe VI. IPINI.
Medium-sized species having the labrum firmly united with the
front of head, the suture more or less distinct; antenne 11-jointed,
club 3-jointed. Three genera compose the tribe, two of which are
represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF IPINI.
a. Body pubescent; thorax margined at base, slightly overlapping base of
elytra. XX. CrYPTARCHA.
aa. Body glabrous; thorax not margined at base. XXII. Ips.
XX. Cryprarcua Shuck. 1839. (Gr., ‘‘hidden + anus.’’)
Oval, piceous or reddish-brown species having the labrum in-
distinet; prosternum prolonged and plate-like at tip, partly con-
cealing the mesosternum. Two species are known from the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTARCHA.
a. Punctures of elytra in ill-defined rows; length 6-T mm. 1248. AMPLA.
ac. Punctures of elytra all confused; length less than 4+ mm.; sides of tho-
rax flattened, those of elytra rather widely reflexed.
1249. cONCINNA.
1248 (8752). Cryprarcua AMPLa Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., [V, 1848, 356.
Oval, more obtuse in front. Uniform piceous or dark reddish-brown,
sparsely pubescent. Thorax feebly emarginate and but little narrowed in
front, margin not flattened, narrowly retiexed, hind angles obtuse; surface
rather closely punctate. Elytra gradually narrowing behind, margin nar-
rowly reflexed, the tips separately rounded. Length 6-7 min.
Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. June 13-September
28. Taken in Vigo but once, when a number were found at sap of
soft maple in a swamp.
1249 (3754). CRrYPTARCHA CONCINNA Mels., Catalogue, 1806, 41.
Oval. Piceous, moderately shining, sparsely pubescent; margin of tho-
rax, two narrow transverse, sinuous bands and a seutellar spot on elytra,
dull yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides gradually curved,
hind angles rectangular; surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely punc-
tate and with short, erect, stiff hairs, those on elytra in seven rows. Length
2.5-3 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; rare. Mareh 20-April 22. Taken
by sifting; alse oceurs at sap.
NXI. Ips Fab. 1776. (Gr., ‘‘a worm that eats horn and wood.’’)
Smooth, shining black beetles, having the elytra marked with
reddish or yellowish spots. They oceur at sap or in deeayed fruits,
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 649
and among them are one or two of the most common and best known
species of the family. Six species are listed from the United States,
four of which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF IPS,
a. Thorax broader at base than apex; hind.tarsi nearly as broadly dilated
as those in front.
b. Larger, length S ur more mm.; middle and hind tibize of males sud-
denly broader at apical half. 1250. OBTUSUS.
bb. Smaller, length not over 7 mm.; middle and hind tibiz not different
in the sexes.
c. Body wholly black beneath. 1251. QUADRIGUTTATLS.
ec. Abdomen and metasternum red. 1252. SANGUINOLENTUS.
aa. Thorax narrower at base; hind tarsi slender; elytra with large dull
yellowish space enclosing black spots. 1253. CONFLUENTUS.
1250 (3755). Ips oprusts Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 158; ibid.
II, G44.
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Piceous black, shining; elytra each with two
rounded, reddish-yellow spots, one at middle of base, the other slightly be-
hind the middle. Entire upper surface rather finely and regularly punc-
tured. Tips of elytra slightly oblique in both sexes. Length 8-12 mm.
Vigo and Floyd counties; rare. May 3-September 29. Occurs
in the middle and southern Atlantic States.
*1251 (3756). Ips QUADRIGUTTATUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801. 580.
Oblong-oval, subeonvex. Black or piceous,
shining; elytra usually with broad, irregular yel-
lowish humeral spot and another smaller one be-
hind the middle, these often reduced and vary-
ing much in size, becoming at times mere yel-
low points. Upper surface finely and sparsely
punctured. Tips of male elytra oblique; those
of female rounded. Length 4-7 mm. (Fig. 243.)
Throughout the State; common. Hiber-
nates beneath logs, chips. ete. Hundreds ,
sometimes accumulate in a small space at ”
sap of oak or maple. February 14-Sep- M#™% *% ‘Alter Forbes)
tember 22. Listed as J. fasciatus but the name here given has
priority.
1252 (3757). IPS SANGUINOLENTUS Oliv., Ent., II, 1791, 8.
Oblong-oval. Black, shining; elytra in great part bright red; the tip,
a small humeral and larger round discal spot black; abdomen red. Tips
of elytra of the two sexes as in the preceding. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Putnam, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce.
March 20-September 22. Taken at sap and on decaying fleshy
fungi.
650 FAMILY XXVI.—NITIDULIDA.
1258 (3758). Ips conrLurnTUs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1823,
195; ibid. II, 125.
Elongate-oblong. Bead and thorax piceous black; elytra largely dull
yellow; the tips, an oblique humeral spot, a small spot on each side of
scutellum, the suture at base, and a large discal spot connected with the
margin, piceous. Surface coarsely punctured. Sexual characters as in
quadriguttatus. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Marion, Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. June 27-
December 8.
Tribe VII. RHIZOPHAGINI.
This tribe is represented by a single genus of small, slender,
elongate species which live beneath bark. They have the antenne
10-jointed with two-jointed club; prosternum not prolonged at tip;
abdomen with the first and fifth segments long, the intermediate
three, short, equal; elytra truncate, exposing the last segment of
abdomen, and tarsi +- and 5-jointed in the males, 5-jointed in the
females.
XXII. RurzopHacus Herbst. 1793. (Gr., ‘‘root + eat.’’)
Nine species of this genus are listed from the United States,
only two of which have been taken in the State, though three others
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF RHIZOPHAGUS.
a. Thorax longer than wide.
>. Elytral rows of punctures distinctly impressed and reaching the tips;
length 3-3.5 mm. 1254. SCALPTURATUS.
bb. Elytral rows of punctures not impressed.
c. Thorax beneath nearly smooth; in male very decidedly narrowed
from apex to base, its sides nearly straight; length 4.5 mm.
CYLINDRICUS.
ce. Thorax beneath distinctly punctured, scarcely or not narrowed be-
hind in male, sides feebly curved in both sexes; piceous, elytra
each with two red spots. 1255. BIPUNCTATUS.
ad. Thorax as wide or wider than long; length 2.5 mm.
d. Blytra pitchy black. REMOTUS,
dd. Elytra each with two oblique reddish spots. MINUTUS.,
1254 (8765). RWIzoPHAGUS SCALPTTRATUS Mann., Bull. Mose., IT, 1852, 362.
Elongate, slender, subeylindrical. Dark reddish-brown or piceous. Tho-
rax longer than wide, sides feebly curved, gradually narrowed to base: disk
at middle subdepressed, sparsely and coarsely punctured, sides more finely
punctured. Elytra not wider than apex of thorax, the striw rather coarsely
punctate; intervals flat. Length 3-4 mm.
THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 651
Lake and Vigo counties; rare. March 11-May 20. Occurs in
sandy localities, beneath logs or bark. Probably hibernates.
k. cylindricus Lee., rufo-piceous in hue, is known from Ten-
nessee and Georgia, and may occur in southern Indiana.
1255 (3770). RueizopHacus BIPUNCTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 324; ibid. II, 183.
Elongate, cylindrical. Black, shining; antenne and legs reddish-brown;
elytra with usually two reddish spots, one oblique behind the base, the other
smaller, oval, at apical third. Thorax longer than wide, its disk convex.
sparsely punctured. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides parallel, surface
not striate but with rows of punctures which become finer toward apex.
Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lake, Marion, Putnam, Floyd and Harrison counties; frequent.
April 9-November 14. Occurs most frequently beneath bark of
maple. The basal spots on elytra are often obsolete.
R. remotus Lec., and R. minutus Mann, are both boreal species
known from Canada and Michigan, and may occur in northern In-
diana.
Family XVI, LATHRIDIID A.
THe Minute Brown SCAVENGER BEETLES.
Very small oval, oblong or linear beetles, usually of a reddish-
yellow or brownish hue, rarely black or with distinct markings and
never metallic. They are of a graceful form, the elytra being
usually wider than thorax, and a number of them have the thorax
prettily marked with elevated lines. They occur for the most part
under bark and stones or in vegetable debris, especially decaying
leaves, but some species are also found in drugs and other commer-
cial products, and some on the flowers or foliage of certain plants.
The larve have not been studied, and their food habits are, there-
fore, practically unknown. The name of the typical genus, Lath-
ridius, is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘‘secret or hidden,”’
and was probably given these beetles on account of their living,
for the most part, in concealed places. About 700 species are
known, searcely any of which are more than one-tenth of an inch
(2.5 mm.) in length.
The most prominent and distinguishing characters of the family
are: the 9- to 11-jointed antennex, terminating in a club of three,
rarely two, joints, and inserted at the sides of the front; eyes
usually large and prominent, but small and minute in certain
genera; thorax of variable form, but rarely as wide as elytra, the
margin often finely toothed, especially near the hind angles, the
disk usually with either a transverse impression or a fovea at base;
652 FAMILY XXVII.-—LATHRIDIID.©.
elytra entirely covering the abdomen, or very rarely slightly trun-
cate and with the punctures usually arranged in six to eight rows;
prosternum more or less visible between the front coxe, the side
pieces not separate, the coxal cavities usually enclosed ; abdomen
with five, rarely six, free ventral segments which are subequal in
length; front cox conical, prominent, usually more or less sepa-
rated; middle cox rounded and less preminent; hind cox trans-
verse, widely separated: legs moderate, tibiwe slender without ter-
minal spurs; tarsi 3-jointed, the third jcint equal in length to the
other two; claws simple.
The most important papers treating of the North American
members of the family are as follows:
Horn.—‘‘ Synopsis of the Lathridiides of the United States and
Northern Contiguous Territories,’’ #7 Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei., VII, 1855, 299-305.
Fall.— ‘Revision of the Lathridiide of Boreal America,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., X XVI, 1899, 101-190.
According to the latter paper, this family is represented in
North America by 103 species, distributed among 13 genera. The
family is divided by Fall into four tribes. Two of these are known
to be represented in Indiana, while a third probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF LATHRIDIIDA.
a. Front coxal cavities open behind, the cox separated by a prosternal
plate; antenns clavate; body not costate.
Tribe I. MErROPHYSIINI, p. 652.
aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind.
b. Body often costate, glabrous or virtually so, the hairs, when present,
sparse and erect; epistoma or lower face on a lower plane than the
front and separated from it by a deep suture.
Tribe 1I. LatTHRIpIINI, p. 653.
bb. Body never costate, always pubescent, the hairs more or less inclined
or recurved; epistoma on the same plane as the front, separated
from it by a distinct but scarcely impressed suture.
Tribe III. CorticaRtini, p. 656.
Tribe I. MEROPHYSIINI.
One genus, Holoparamecus, represents this tribe in the United
States. Belonging to it are six species, two of which may occur in
Indiana. They have the antenne 9-jointed in the male, 10-jeinted
in the female; thorax bistriate at base, hind angles without fovea;
elytra with an entire sutural stria but without rows of punctures.
H. raguse Reitt., dull yellow, 1-1.2 mm. in length, eyes small,
distant about their own diameter from the antenne, thorax without
discal fovea, is known from Pennsylvania and Missouri.
THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 653
HT, kunzei Aubé, dull reddish-yellow, 1-1.2 mm. in length, eyes
larger, distant by only half their diameter from the antenne, tho-
rax with small discal fovea, is recorded from New York and Cali-
fornia.
Tribe II. LATHRIDIINI.
In addition to characters given in above key, the members of
this tribe have the thorax with pronounced sculpture, often cos-
tate, and usually with impressions or fover, the side margins with-
out teeth but often lightly crenulate; elytra each with six or eight
rows of punctures, the intervals often more strongly elevated ; front
cox distinctly separated. and abdomen composed of five segments
in both sexes. Eight genera are recognized as composing the tribe.
four of which should be represented in Indiana. though specimens
of but three have as yet been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LATHRIDIINI.
a. Disk of thorax marked with coste or ridges; eyes on sides of head;
elytra not connate.
b. Prosternum not reaching the hind border of the prothorax, the epi-
mera uniting on the median line. I. WLATHRIDIUS.
bb. Prosternum reaching the hind margin of the prothorax and thus
separating the epimera. CoNINOMUS.
aa. Disk of thorax without coste.
ec. Eyes large, not very distant from antenne; scutellum distinct.
II. ENicmus.
ec. Eyes small or minute, remote from antenns; scutellum indistinct;
middle cox separated. III. CARTODERE.
I. Larwriprus Herbst. 1793. (QGr., ‘‘seeret or hidden.’’)
Small, glabrous, shining brown species, having the front angles
of thorax more or less lobed and the sides sinuately convergent to
a point near the middle, thence divergent to base. Elytra fully
twice as wide as thorax, broadly ovate with the apex somewhat
pointed. Seven species are recognized by Fall as belonging to the
North American fauna. Of these one occurs in the eastern United
States and Indiana. while another, breviclavus Fall, known by the
2-jointed club of antenne. was described from Michigan and may
inhabit the northern part of the State.
1256 (8779). LaAvrHRinius Liratus Lec., N. Spee. N. Amer. Col., I, 1868, 72.
Oblong. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining; legs and antenne
slightly paler. Antennee reaching hind angles of thorax, rather slender.
Thorax a little longer than wide, margin reflexed; disk with two entire
longitudinal ridges which are nearly parallel on basal two-thirds, diverging
654 PAMILY XXVU.—LATHRIDIIDA.
toward apex; sub-basal depression distinct and divided by the eostee into
three portions; surface rather coarsely and irregularly punctate. Elytra
broadly impressed behind base; strise coarsely and distinctly punctate; in-
tervals convex, the third slightly, the seventh more prominently, elevated
at base. Length 2 mm.
Steuben, Putnam and Marion counties; scarce. Taken while
sifting. April 22-June 18.
Coninomus Thom, 1863.
Small, glabrous species, having the sides of thorax deeply
notched behind the middle and usually with a semi-transparent
whitish margin.
C. constrictus Gyll., having the elytra without tubercles, anten-
nal club 2-jointed, length 1.3-1.8 mm., is a cosmopolitan species
known from Michigan, Illinois, ete.
II. Enicmus Thom. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘in+moisture.’’)
Small brown, black or piceous species having the eyes of normal
size; thorax without ridges or coste; prosternal spine reaching the
hind margin of the thorax, completely separating the epimera; first
and second tarsal joints of equal length. The body is somewhat
broader than in Lathridius and the thorax much wider in propor-
tion to the width of elytra. But two species have as yet been taken
in the State, though a number of others doubtless-oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ENICMUS.
a. Prosternal spine not elevated into a crest, the coxe more prominent.
bo. Color usually black, legs and antenne brownish; elytral intervals
nearly equal; thorax ‘transverse, front angles not lobed; length 2-
2.2 mm. 1257. CONSIMILIS.
bb. Color usually brown; alternate elytral intervals more convex, at
least on sides; thorax larger, more transverse, front angles lobed;
length 1.2-2 mm. 1258. MINUTUS.
aa. Prosternal process elevated into a crest which reaches above (or below)
the tips of the coxse.:
ec. Antennal club abruptly formed, the ninth joint nearly or quite as
wide as the eighth and but slightly narrower than eleventh.
d. Wlytra black or reddish-brown.
e. Rows of elytral’ punctures equidistant. ATERRIMUS.
ee. Rows of elytral- punctures in pairs, each pair separated by a
wider interval. DUPLICATA.
dd. Elytra dull yellow with black markings. MACULATUS.,
cc. Antennal club much more gradually formed, ninth joint elongate-
obconic, scarcely wider at base than eighth and decidedly narrower
than eleventh; elytra distinctly impressed behind the base; head
with median longitudinal sulcus. TENUICORNIS,
THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 655
1257 (——-). ENICMUS CONSIMILIS Mann., Germ. Zeitschr., V, 99.
Moderately elongate, feebly convex. Color given in key. Thorax nearly
square, sides feebly convergent behind the middle; surface with a shallow
median channel, its sides or carine distinctly cutting the sub-basal trans-
verse depression, an additional impression on each side near the front an-
gles. Elytra striate with rows of coarse, subquadrate punctures; intervals
slightly convex, each with a row of very fine punctures. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Marion County; scarce. Several specimens were taken by
Harold Morrison from a cellar in Indianapolis in which wood was
stored. January 11—January 24. A European species, known in
this country heretofore only from Michigan.
1258 (8781). ENicmus minutus Linn., Syst. Nat., II, _
1766, 675. °
Ovate, subeonvex. Usually brown, rarely blackish or
brownish-yellow. Thorax larger, subquadrate, sides dis-
tinetly converging from front angles to base, disk finely
and thickly granulate. Length 1.5-2 mm. (Tig. 244.)
Marion County; scarce. June 3. Collected by
Harold Morrison. Also in Webster collection from 7 Wy rn
Indiana. Occurs throughout the United States. Fig. 244. (After Sharp.)
E. aterrimus Mots., length 1.6-1.9 mm. and E. duplicatus Lee.,
length 1.9 mm., are both known from Illinois and Michigan.
E. maculatus Lec., 1.9-2.1 mm., occurs in Ohio and Michigan;
E. tenuicornis Lec., length 1.6-1.9 mm., is also recorded from New
York and Michigan westward.
III. Carropere Thom. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘strength + neck.’’)
Small, narrow, often depressed beetles, having the antenns
shorter than head and thorax, their clubs abruptly two- or three-
jointed ; eyes small, situated far behind the base of antenne; thorax
without cost, more or less deeply and transversely impressed near
base; elytra each with six to eight close set rows of large, rounded
punctures; front coxe distinctly, hind ones widely, separated.
One species has been taken in the State and four others perhaps
occur but have been overlooked on account of their small size.
They live about dwellings, stores or barns in ground cereals, vege-
table drugs, or decaying and dust-like vegetable matter.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARTODERE,
a. Antennal club three-jointed.
b. Thorax much narrower than elytra, the latter each with seven rows
of punctures. 1259. RUFICOLLIS.
[42—23402]
656 FAMILY XXVII.—LATHRIDID/.
bb. Thorax but slightly narrower than elytra.
c. Eyes minute, situated at about their own length from the hind
angles of the head.
d. Elytral intervals 3, 5, 7 higher than the others. COSTULATA.
dd. Elytral intervals subequal; form more narrow. FILIFORMIS.
ce. Hyes much larger, occupying the hind angles. ARGUS.
aa. Antennal club two-jointed; thorax with a large rounded fovea on front
of disk. FILUM.
1259 (8786). CARTODERE RUFICOLLIS Marsh., Ent. Brit., I, 111.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Pale reddish-brown, elytra darker. An-
tennal club rather abruptly three-jointed, its first joint large, orbicular;
second less thick, elongate-oval; third small and subglobular. Thorax sub-
cordiform, sides rather strongly rounded in front of middle, deeply con-
stricted near base; surface densely and rather finely punctate. Elytra
elongate-oval, each with seven rows of coarse, closely-set punctures; inter-
vals narrow, very feebly convex except the sixth, which is more prominent.
Length 1-1.3 mm.
Howard County; frequent locally about a barn. June 24. An
introduced species widely distributed throughout the United States.
C. costulata Reitt. and C. filiformis Gyll., both reddish-yellow
and 1-1.5 mm. in length, are known from Michigan and near Cin-
cinnati; C. argus Reitt. and C. filum Auhé, also dull reddish-yellow,
length 1.3 to 1.6 mm., range from Canada, Michigan and westward.
Tribe II. CORTICARIINI.
This tribe has the thorax without distinct sculpture, its sides
more or less crenulate or denticulate, the disk with nearly always a
rounded or transverse impression before the base; front cox
usually continguous or nearly so; abdomen with five or six ventral
segments; elytra without-coste but with hairs arranged in rows.
Three genera compose the tribe, two of which are represented in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CORTICARIINI.
a. Abdomen of female with five segments, a sixth usually visible in the
males; form more elongate. IV. CoRTICARIA.
aa, Abdomen of both sexes with six segments, except in picta, where the
male has but five; form more oval. V. MELANOPHTHALMA.
TV. Corticarta Marsh. 1802. (Lat., “hark.’’)
Small elongate or oblong-ovate species having the pubescence
more or less long and conspicuous, that on the elytra arranged in
rows; eyes large and rather prominent; antenne usually not quite
reaching the hind angles of thorax, 11-jointed, the elub 3-jointed ;
thorax usually subcordate, with front and hind aneles obtuse. sur-
THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 657
face without carine and disk with a distinct rounded or transverse
fovea before the base; elytra each with eight rows of punctures
which are moderately large toward the base but become finer api-
cally. The males have the first joint of the front tarsi distinctly
dilated. Of the 26 species of the genus listed from the United
States, the following have a range which may include Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CORTICARIA.
a. Pubescence more conspicuous, the hairs of elytral intervals longer, more
erect and bristling than those of the strie; middle coxe separated
by less than one-third their own diameters; form moderately conyex.
b. Punctures of striz and intervals not very different in size, somewhat
confused; front and middle tibia of male not bent at tip; length
2.3-3 mm, PUBESCENS,
bb. Punctures of elytral intervals distinctly finer than those of strir,
not confused; front and middle tibiz# of male bent and mucronate
on the inner side at tip.
ce. First joint of antennal club not distinctly longer than wide; tho-
rax cordate; color pale brownish-yellow; length 1.7-2 mm.
FULVA.
ce, First joint of club distinctly elongate; thorax feebly cordate; color
piceous brown, the elytra often paler; length 2.1-2.3 mm.
VARICOLOR.
aa. Pubescence shorter, more appressed and uniform; middle coxe sepa-
rated by nearly one-half their own diameters; form often depressed.
d. Metasternum subequal to or shorter than first ventral; joints of an-
tennal club all longer than wide; thorax without foyea; length
2.3-2.6 nom. VALIDA.
dd. Metasternum distinctly longer than first ventral.
e. Size larger, 2-2.5 mm.; sculpture of both upper and lower surface
coarser and closer ; margin of thorax distinctly serrate.
1260. SERRATA.
ée. Rize smaller, always less than 2 mm.
f. Fifth ventral segment not longer than fourth, the sixth usually
distinctly visible; last three joints of antennal funicle trans-
verse. BREVICORNIS.
ff. Fifth ventral at least one-half longer than fourth, the sixth not
visible; outer joints of funicle not evidently transverse.
g. Color yellowish to dull reddish-yellow; elytral intervals with
a single regular row of punctures. 1261. ELONGATA.
gg. Color reddish-brown ; elytral intervals more or less irregularly
punctulate; form less parallel and less depressed.
1262. FERRUGINEA.
C. pubescens Gyll., fuscous to fuscous-vellow in hue, is known
from Michigan and northern Illinois; C. fulva Com., is recorded
from Kentucky and Michigan; C. varicolor Fall was described from
Michigan, Dakota and westward; while C. valida Fall has been
taken in northern Illinois.
658 FAMILY XXVII.—LATHRIDIIDAS.
1260 (3805). CorricaRIA SERRATA Payk., Faun. Suec., I, 1798, 300.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull reddish-yellow to dark reddish-
brown; pubescence grayish, recumbent. Thorax distinctly wider than head,
three-fourths as wide as elytra, transverse, sides rounded in front of mid-
dle, moderately convergent behind, surface closely and rather coarsely punc-
tate; sub-basal fovea rounded, moderately impressed. Elytra with sides
subparallel, apex broadly and rather obtusely rounded, strize feebly im-
pressed; punctures rather coarse toward the base, those of intervals finer.
Length 2-2.2 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent in the northern counties; much
less so southward. April 7-November 1. Occurs in fungi and
about houses and electric lights in May. Dury reports the taking
of 31 from the deserted nest of a wild rabbit.
C. brevicornis Fall, elongate, depressed, dull reddish-yellow,
length 1.6-1.8 mm., is known from Michigan and near Cincinnati.
1261 (38806). CorTICARIA ELONGATA Gyll., Ins. Suec., IV, 1827, 130.
Elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Light brownish or reddish-yellow ;
elytra faintly clouded with fuscous each side of scutellum ; pubescence pale,
rather long, recumbent. Thorax transversely quadrate, sides feebly rounded
in front, slightly convergent behind; surface finely and sparsely punctate;
basal fovea rounded, moderately deep; side margins finely crenulate in
front, denticulate behind. Elytra oblong, parallel, obtusely rounded at
apex; the rows of punctures fine, those of intervals still finer. Length 1.4-
1.8 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. April 17-November 18.
Taken while sifting dead leaves and other vegetable debris in damp
localities.
1262 (——). CorTICARIA FERRUGINEA Marsh., Ent. Brit., I, 111.
Oblong, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown; head often darker; pubes-
cence short, sparse, appressed. Head sparsely and finely punctate; an-
tenn reaching base of thorax, the ninth and tenth joints wider than long.
Thorax slightly wider than long, base and apex equal, sides broadly
rounded, margin feebly serrate; disk finely and sparsely but deeply punc-
tate; basal fovea round and rather deep. Elytra oblong-oval, strie shal-
low, finely punctate; intervals with two irregular rows of minute punc-
tures. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Starke, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 11-Oc-
tober 17.
V. MELANopuTHALMA Mots. 1866. (Gr., ‘black + eye.’’)
The members of this genus have the antennal club 2- or 3-
jointed; when the latter, the abdomen with a sixth segment more or
less distinctly visible in both sexes. Twenty species are listed by
Fall, of which the following may oecur within the State:
THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 659
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANOPHTHALMA.
a. Antennal club 2-jointed; first and second joints of tarsi subequal; ely-
tra yellowish or reddish-yellow, usually with a median crossbar, and
often a basal and apical cloud, piceous; pubescence short.
1263. PICTA.
aa. Antennal club 3-jointed; pubescence longer and more conspicuous.
b. Second joint of tarsi as long as or slightly longer than the first;
male with tips of front tibise provided with a longer, denser and
more bristling fringe of hairs.
ce. Claw-joint of front tarsi toothed beneath in the male.
d. Tips of elytra slightly sinuate and minutely toothed near the
sutural angles, which are slightly prolonged; length 1.6—
1.9 mm. VILLOSA.
dd. Tips of elytra not sinuate or finely toothed before the sutural
angles, which are not at all produced; eyes large, separated
on the front by Jess than one and one-half times their diame-
ter; elytra nearly always darker than thorax.
1264. DISTINGUENDA.
cc. Claw-joint of front tarsi not toothed beneath in the male; pro-
sternum swollen before the coxz and armed with a spine at tip
in the male; color reddish-yellow throughout. 1265. PUMILA.
bb. Second joint of tarsi distinctly shorter than first; front tibisze of male
with a short acute tooth on inner side beyond the middle.
c. Thorax scarcely more than half as wide as elytra and with a deep,
sub-basal transverse impression extending from side to side;
color brown. 1266. GIBBOSA.
ce. Thorax distinctly more than half as wide as elytra, the sub-basal
impression confined to the disk.
f. Sides of elytra nearly straight behind the middle, their tips dis-
tinctly truncate; color pale yellow. 1267. LONGIPENNIS.
ff. Sides of elytra curved throughout, their tips feebly or scarcely
truncate.
g. Color usually dull reddish-yellow; elytra less broadly ovate,
widest at middle. relatively longer and more obtuse at apex.
1268. AMERICANA.
gg. Color usually dull sooty brown, the thorax often paler; elytra
shorter and more broadly ovate, widest a little before the
middle. 1269. CAVICOLLIS.
1263 (3826). MELANOPHTHALMA PicTa Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1855, 303.
Oval, rather robust. Dull reddish-yellow ; elytra varying as mentioned
in key, rarely fuscous with only a pale spot near base and tip; pubescence
whitish, very fine, soft and indistinct. Thorax slightly wider than head,
subquadrate; sides feebly angulate at middle; surface finely and sparsely
but distinctly punctulate and without basal fovea. Elytra one-half wider
than thorax, rather short. ovate, the sides curved; surface finely striate,
the strive with widely separated fine punctures; intervals minutely punctu-
late. Length 1.3 mm.
Lake and Starke counties; searce. May 5—June 3. Taken by
sifting damp leaves.
660 FAMILY XXVII.—LATHRIDIIDZ.
M. villosa Zimm., dull reddish-yellow, larger than distinguenda,
with eyes smaller and more widely separated and pubescence longer
and more bristling, occurs throughout the northern United States.
*1264 (9992). MELANOPHTHALMA DISTINGUENDA Com., Coleop. Prov. Novoc.,
38.
Blongate-oval, moderately convex. Dull
fuscous or brownish-yellow, the elytra usually
— darker. ‘Thorax transverse, sides angulate at
™ middle, margin obsoletely crenulate; surface
rather strongly punctate, the sub-basal im-
pression moderately deep, extending nearly
from side to side. Elytra elongate-oval; stria
not impressed, punctures coarser at base than
behind the middle; pubescence yellowish, long
and conspicuous, the hairs arising from the
intervals more erect than those from the
strie. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. (Fig. 245.)
Throughout the State; common. Hi-
bernates. January 6-November 28. Oc-
Fig. 245. x24, (After Forbes) | Curs in winter beneath bark and logs;
taken by sifting in spring and in sum-
mer often from flowers of the black haw (Viburnum prunifolium
L) and allied shrubs.
1265 (8823). MELANOPHTHALMA PUMILA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VII, 1855, 302.
Resembles the preceding but more parallel. Pubescence rather long
and bristling. Punctuation of thorax,.and elytra coarser. Different other-
wise as mentioned in key. Length 1.5-1.6 mm.
Marshall and Putnam counties; searee. Mareh 20-June 24.
Taken by sifting.
Z
1266 (——). MELANOPHTHALMA GIBBOSA Herbst., Kaf., V. 5. pl. 44, fig. 2.
Oval, convex. Uniform piceous brown, rarely paler; antennz and legs
reddish-brown; pubescence short, appressed. Head rather coarsely and
closely punctate; eyes large and prominent. Thorax slightly wider than
head, very little wider than long; sides rounded in front, then feebly con-
vergent and nearly straight to base; disk closely and rather finely punctate.
Elytra with rows of rather coarse punctures; intervals more finely punc-
tate. Length 1.1-1.5 mm.
Steuben and Floyd counties; frequent locally, April 16-May
25. Beaten from flowers of swamp huckleberry. Oceurs from
New Hampshire westward across the northern border of the United
States.
1267 (3808S). MELANOPHTIALMA LONGIPENNIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Sei.,
VIT, 1855, 800.
Elongate-oyal. Uniform pale yellow, the club of antenme darker;
pubescence short, recumbent. Thorax broad, sides rather strongly rounded,
THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 661
margins very finely crenulate, hind angles with a distinct denticle; surface
sparsely and finely punctate, the basal fovea a little transverse and some-
what shallow. Elytra elongate, tips broadly truncate, exposing the tip of
abdomen in male; punctures of strive rather coarse. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Putnam County; scarce. Taken by sifting dead leaves. April
22.
1268 (3810). MELANOPHTHALMA AMERICANA Mann., Germ. Zeitschr., V, 50.
Resembles the next species but more elongate and usually paler in
color. Elytra widest at middle in both sexes, and longer in proportion to
length of thorax; the latter more transverse and more regularly rounded
at the sides, with the basal fovea less deeply impressed. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March 20-May 11. Widely
distributed throughout the United States and probably occurs
throughout the State.
*1269 (3818). MELANOPHTHALMA CAVICOLLIS Mann., loc. cit., p. 57.
Short, ovate, convex. Color variable, but usually with head and tho-
rax dull reddish-brown, the elytra darker sooty brown; tip of abdomen,
legs and base of antenne paler; pubescence rather short, recumbent. Tho-
rax transverse, subcordate, strongly rounded in front; hind angles ending
in a distinct denticle; surface evenly and rather finely punctate; basal
fovea rounded, deep. Elytra rather broadly ovate, base but slightly wider
than that of thorax, tips rounded; strize but slightly impressed, the punc-
tures moderate, those of intervals finer. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. March 20—De-
cember 23. Taken by siftiny in early spring and beneath logs in
winter.
Family XXVIII. TROGOSITIDA.
Tut GRAIN AND BARK-GNAWING BEETLES.
A family of small size, which includes medium or small oblong
or oval, usually somewhat flattened beetles of a black or reddish-
black hue which live, for the most part, under bark, though some
inhabit granaries and have been widely distributed by commerce.
They have the maxille 2-lobed, the inner lobe sometimes very small ;
antenne short, 11-jointed, inserted under the margin of the front,
the last three joints widest, forming a loose club of varied form;
thorax with its hind margin not overlapping the base of elytra; the
latter never truncate, always covering the abdomen, which is com-
posed of five free ventral segments; front cox transverse, sepa-
rated by the prosternum, the cavities usually closed behind; middle
and hind coxe transverse, flat, the former separated, the latter
contiguous; tarsi 5-jointed, not dilated, first joint very short, second
slightly longer, fourth very long; claws simple.
(62 PAMILY XXVIII.—TROGOSITID.E.
The name of the typical genus, Trogosita, derived from two
Greek words meaning ‘‘to gnaw’’ and ‘‘corn or grain,’’ was given a
common European species which occurs in great numbers in worm-
infested granaries. Recent observations, however, go to show that
its larve probably live upon the larve of more injurious insects
which do the real damage to the grain. The larve of the members
of the principal genus, Tenebroidcs, are whitish flattened grubs with
a pair of black spots on the top of each of the first three segments,
and with the last segment ending in two horny points. That of 7.
corticaria was observed by Le Baron to feed upon the larvae of the
coddling moth.
The only paper treating of the family is that of
Horn.— ‘Monograph of the Species of Trogosita (Tenebroides)
Inhabiting the United States,’’ in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sce1.,
1862, 82-88.
It embodies but one of-the nine genera among which the 30 or
more known species from North America are at present distributed.
Three of these genera are known to be represented in Indiana, while
members of four others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TROGOSITIDA.
a. Form elongate, margins not flattened; head relatively large, eyes not
prominent; front coxal cavities closed.
b. Eyes rounded. NEMOSOMA.
bb. Eyes transverse.
ec. Tibise with spines; form cylindrical. I. ALINDRIA.
cc. Tibize without spines.
d. Thorax truncate at apex, the side margin bent downward at mid-
dle. TROGOSITA.
dd. Thorax emarginate at apex, the side margin not bent downward.
II. TENEBROIDES.
aa. Form oval, margins flattened; head small, eyes prominent; mentum
transverse, emarginate; front coxal cavities open behind, except in
Calitys.
e. Mentum transverse, emarginate; antennal grooves feeble.
f. Front tibiee with terminal hook. PELTIS.
ff. Front tibie without terminal hook.
g. Front coxal cavities closed. CALITYs.
gg. Front coxal cavities open behind. III. GryNocHaris.
ee. Mentum minute, oval; antennal grooves deep; front tibise without
hook. THYMALUS.
Nemosoma cylindricum Lee., linear, vylindrical, black, the base
of elytra, antenne and legs reddish, length 4.5 mm., has been taken
near Cincinnati.
THE GRAIN AND BARK-GNAWING BEETLES. 663
I. Aurnprta Erichs. 1844. (Gr., ‘‘to roll or turn.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States by two
species, one of which occurs in Indiana.
1270 (8831). ALINDRIA CYLINDRICA Geoff., Encye. Method., X, 719.
Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown or pie-
eous. Thorax subquadrate, slightly and gradually narrowed from apex to
base, hind angles obtuse, surface finely, sparsely and evenly punctate. Ely-
tra with base well separated from that of thorax, sides nearly parallel, tips
rounded; surface striate, the striz with rather fine serrate punctures; in-
tervals very finely punctulate. Length 5-14 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 14-September 20.
Oceurs beneath bark of hickory, elm, ete. There is a wide varia-
tion in size between the sexes, the males being much the smaller.
Trogosita virescens Fab., greenish-
black, 12 mm. in length, occurs: beneath
bark of pine, ete., and has been taken at
Cincinnati.
II. Trnepromwes Pillar & Mett. 1783.
(Gr., ‘‘ Tenebrio + resemble.’’)
Oblong, subdepressed species having the
thorax widely emarginate at apex, nar-
rowed behind the middle and somewhat
distant from elytra; front of head trisinu-
ate or emarginate in front; tibie without
spines. Twelve species and a number of
varieties are listed from the United States. $3
Of these the following have been taken or Beane with greene, tee eta ow
. : enlarged. Bull. 4, U. 8. Div. Ent.
perhaps occur in Indiana: (After Howard.) :
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TENEBROIDES.
a. Eighth joint of antennz equal to the ninth; length 9.5mm. (Fig. 246.)
MAURITANICA,
aa. Wighth joint much smaller than the ninth.
b. Thorax subquadrate, but little broader than long, sides feebly
rounded, hind angles acute.
c. Color black or piceous; sides of thorax sinuate near base; form
more convex.
d. Size larger, 7.5-8 mm.; sides of thorax more rounded than in
the next. 1271. CORTICALIS.
dd. Size smaller, not over 6.5 min.; sides of thorax feebly rounded.
1272. DUBIA.
ec. Color reddish or chestnut brown; sides of thorax not sinuate; form
more depressed. 1273. NANA,
664 FAMILY XXVIII.—TROGOSITIDA.
aa. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides much rounded, hind angles
small, obtuse.
d. Elytra unicolorous without spots.
e. Size larger, 10-11 mm.; intervals of elytra subconvex, minutely
rugulose. 1274. AMERICANA.
ee. Size smaller, not over 8.5 mm.; intervals of elytra nearly flat.
f. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. 1275. LATICOLLIS.
ff. Light reddish or brownish-yellow. 1276. OBSCURA.
dd. Elytra each with an irregular shaped yellowish spot in front of mid-
dle. 1277. BIMACULATA.
T. mauritanica Linn., blackish-piceous and easily known by
having the joints of antenne gradually increasing in width, is a
cosmopolitan species which has been taken near Cincinnati. (Fig.
246.) Jt is commonly known as the ‘‘cadelle.’’
1271 (3838). TENEBROIDES coRTICALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 109.
Q 2 Elongate-oblong, sub con-
vex. Black or piceous, feebly
shining; antenne and legs pic-
eous. Head and thorax coarse-
ly punctate, the latter nar-
rowed, with sides sinuate be-
hind the middle, margins re-
flexed, base subtruncate. Ely-
tra shallowly striate, the strie
Fig. 247. a, larva; c,its mandible; d, antenna: e, under side of with rows of rather coarse,
head; f, the 2-horned anal plate; b, the beetle; h, its antenna; i, mien ae ie
mandible; g, labium and its palpi; 7, one of the maxille and its deep, oblong punctures ; inter
palpus. (After Riley.) vals nearly flat, slightly rugu-
lose, each with two irregular rows of very minute, oblong, distant punce-
tures. Length 7.5-8 mm. (Tig. 247.)
Southern half of State: scarce. April 18—October 10.
1272 (3838b). TrNEBROIDES DUBIA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 110.
Resembles corticalis but smaller. Thorax more quadrate, sides scarce-
ly at all rounded; punctures more sparsely placed and coarser; those of
intervals of elytra distinctly larger and in more regular rows. Length
5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-November 8.
Oveurs beneath bark and logs, where it hibernates.
1273 (8839). 'TENEBROIDES NANA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 10.
Hlongate-oblong, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown. Tho-
rax juore depressed, slightly broader than long, sides moderately rounded
und feebly converging, but not sinuate behind the middle; punctures, as
THE GRAIN AND BARK-GNAWING BEETLES. 665
well as those of head, rather fine and sparse. Elytra twice as long as wide,
slightly broader behind the middle, intervals subconvex, each with two rows
of distinct punctures. Length 6 mm.
Vigo County; rare. February 14.
*1274 (3843). TENEBROIDES AMERICANA Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., 1837, 166.
Oblong, moderately depressed. Black or piceous, shining; under sur-
face and legs dark reddish-brown. Head and thorax finely alutaceous,
rather sparsely and finely punctate; the latter two-thirds wider than long,
the margins reflexed, sides sinuate near base, hind angles acute. Elytra
elongate-oval, the striz shallow and rather finely punctate; intervals slightly
convex, densely and distinctly rugulose, each with two rows of fine punc-
tures. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern half.
February 4-September 5. Gregarious in winter. This is the spe-
cies usually listed as castanea, Kirby’s name having priority.
1275 (3843a). TENEBROIDES LATICOLLIS Horn, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1862, 86.
Form of americana. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. Thorax twice as
wide as long, strongly depressed ; sides feebly curved, not sinuate, hind an-
gles more obtuse, less distinct. Elytral intervals very finely rugose. Length
7.5-8 nom.
Posey County; rare. April 27. Listed as a variety of ameri-
cana but the much wider and shorter thorax, with smaller hind
angles, shows it distinct.
1276 (3848b). TENEBROIDES osscuRA Horn, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1862, 86, 87.
Oblong, depressed. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. JIead and thorax
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; the latter twice as wide as long,
sides feebly curved, but little narrowed behind the middle. Elytra oblong-
oval, the stris more strongly impressed and with coarser punctures than
in any of the preceding species; intervals almost flat, very finely punctu-
late. Length 5 mm.
Harrison County; rare. November 14. Usually considered a
variety of americana but appears to be very distinct.
1277 (8845). TENEBROIDES BIMACULATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 110.
Oblong, subdepressed. Black, tinged with bronze, shining; elytra each
with an irregular yellowish spot slightly in front of middle; club of an-
tennie and tarsi yellowish. Thorax transverse, finely and densely punctate;
sides rounded, margin slightly reflexed. Elytral strive shallow, their punc-
tures obsolete on apical third. Length 5 mm.
666 PAMILY XNIX.-—~MONOTOMIDE,
Putnam County; rare. September 7. Readily known by the’
brassy tinge and the yellow spot on elytra. Occurs on foliage of
the laurel or shingle oak, Quercus imbricaria Michx.
Peltis ferruginea Linn. and Calitys scabra Thunb., both mem-
bers of the boreal fauna, have been recorded from Michigan.
TI]. Grynocuaris Thom. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘fire-brand + rejoice.’’)
Oval, subdepressed beetles, having the margins of thorax and
elytra flattened: front truncate; antennal grooves feeble; front
tibie without a terminal hook. Three species are known from the
United States, one of which has been taken in Indiana.
1278 (8851). GRYNOCHARIS 4-LINEATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IT, 1844, 104.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining ; an-
tenne and under parts piceous. Thorax twice as wide
as long, slightly wider at base than apex, hind margin
truncate; sides nearly straight, margins reflexed, hind
angles obtuse; disk alutaceous, finely and sparsely punc-
tate and with a transverse impression behind the mid-
dle. Elytra oblong, sides parallel, each with four nar-
row coste; intervals each with three or four rows of
coarse punctures. Length 6mm. (Fig. 248.)
Lawrence County; rare. April.13. Occurs be-
Fig. 248, x 5h
Original) * ‘neath loose bark of walnut and. oak.
Family XXIX. MONOTOMIDA.
Tur Monoromip BEETLEs.
To this family belong a few small, depressed beetles, resembling
rather closely those of certain genera of the family Cucujide and
also those of the genus Rhizophagus of the Nitidulide. They live
beneath the bark of trees or in the nests of ants. The word Mono-
toma means literally ‘‘a single cut,’’ and probably refers to the
small subapical tooth of the mandibles.
From closely allied families they may be separated by having
the antenne 10-jointed, inserted under the sides of the front, the
last one or two joints enlarged to form a club; front coxe small
and round, the cavities widely closed behind; elytra truncate be-
hind, leaving the last dorsal segment exposed; abdomen with five
free ventral segments, the first and fifth elongated, the others
shorter and equal; tarsi three-jointed, the last joint longer than the
others united.
TIE MONOTOMID RERTLES, 667
The principal paper treating of the family is by
Horn.—‘ Synopsis of the Monotomide of the United States,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, 257-267.
In Henshaw’s list the genera are (by mistake?) combined with
those of Trogositide. Eighteen species, distributed among five
genera, represent the family, as far as known, in the United States.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MONOTOMIDA.
a. Head slightly prolonged behind the eyes, then suddenly narrowed.
« 0. Process of abdomen between the hind coxe broad, feebly rounded in
front. :
ce. Terminal joint of antenne suddenly broader, joint nine not wider
than eight. I. Monoroma.
cc. Last two joints of antenne enlarged, ninth joint not as wide as
the tenth; punctures of elytra in rows. HESPEROBZNUS.
bb. Process of abdomen between the hind cox triangular, acute; ninth
joint of antenne as wide as the tenth; elytral punctures in rows.
EUROPS.
aa. Head parallel behind the eyes, not at all narrowed; last joint of an-
tenn suddenly enlarged, ninth not wider than eighth.
II. BactTripium.
I. Mownoroma Herbst. 1793. (Gr., ‘‘one+cut.’’)
In addition to the distinctly larger terminal joint of antenne,
the members of this genus have the head and thorax usually densely
punctured and the elytra with rows of punctures, each bearing a
short hair. The surface has a tendency to become coated with for-
eign matter, which adheres to the minute hairs and renders the
sculpture difficult to study. Of the nine species known from the
United States five have been taken in the State, while two others
perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOTOMA.
a. Antenne slender, joints 4 to 9 longer than wide. PRODUCTA.
aa. Antenne stouter, joints 4 to 9 bead-like or submoniliform.
b. Metasternum densely punctured at middle and sides; thorax densely
punctured.
ec. Head with a rather deep oblique impression on each side of vertex.
1279. PICIPES.
ce. Head regularly convex, vertex not impressed.
d. Thorax longer than wide. 1280. FULVIPES.
dd. Thorax nearly square, or even slightly wider than long.
e. Thorax with four rather deep impressions. QUADRIFOVEOLATA.
ee. Thorax at most with two feeble impressions near base.
668 FAMILY XXIX.—MONOTOMIDA.
f. Thorax distinctly wider behind the middle, its hind angles
prominent. 1281, AMERICANA.
ff. Thorax parallel, its hind angles not prominent.
1282. PARALLELA.
bb. Metasternum nearly smooth; thorax sparsely punctate, narrower near
base. 1283. LONGICOLLIS.
M. producta Lec., black, opaque, sparsely clothed with whitish
hairs, antenne and legs paler, length 3 mm., is recorded from near
Cincinnati.
1279 (3856). Monoroma pricires Hbst., Kafer, VY, 1801, 24.
“as Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black or brownish,
opaque; antennz and legs reddish-brown. Thorax slight-
ly longer than wide, sides finely crenate, front angles ob-
tusely prominent, hind ones indistinct; disk coarsely and
densely punctured and with a distinct fovea on each side
near base. LElytral stris rather coarsely punctured, the
hairs yellowish in hue. Length 2-2.3 mm. (Fig. 249.)
Marion County; frequent. January 17—October
15. Taken by Harold Morrison from the windows
of a barn and cellar in which wood had been stored.
Fig. 249. (Original.)
1280 (3857). Moworoma FULVIPES Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 111.
Moderately elongate, rather slender, subconvex. Black to piceous, sub-
opaque; legs and antennee reddish-brown. Head coarsely and densely punc-
tured, not impressed. Thorax longer than wide, narrower in front, sides
straight and finely crenate; front angles preminent, obtusely rounded, hind
angles broadly rounded; disk coarsely and densely punctured with two
faint impressions on basal third. Elytra with rows of fine punctures. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Marion County; frequent. April 11-June 7. Taken with the
preceding.
M. quadrifoveolata Aubé, reddish-brown, length 2 mm., is known
from the District of Columbia.
1281 (8859). MonoromMs AMERICANA Aubé, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., VI, 461.
Elongate-oblong. Black, subopaque; antennse and legs reddish-brown.
Head as in fulvipes. Thorax distinctly wider than long, front angles ob-
tuse, hind ones rectangular; sides subcrenate, straight; disk convex, coarse
ly and densely punctured, the basal impressions almost obsolete. Blytra
rather coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Last ventral of male with
an oval flattened space. Length 2.2 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; rare. April 17-June 2. Sifted
from decaying fleshy fungi; also on flowers of Amorpha fruticosa.
THE MONOTOMID BEETLES. 669
1282 (8860). MoNoToMA PARALLELA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,
305.
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Piceous, opaque; antenne and legs red-
dish-brown. Head coarsely and densely punctured, not impressed on the
sides. Thorax nearly square, sides parallel, front angles not prominent,
hind angles rounded; disk coarsely and densely punctured and with faint
basal impressions. Elytra with strive of rather fine punctures. Body be-
neath densely and rather coarsely punctured. Length 2 mm.
Jackson County; rare. September 9.
1283 (3863). MoNoTOMA LONGICOLLIS Gyll., Ins. Suec., 635.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining; legs
and antennie paler. Head coarsely, not densely punctate, its hind angles
ending in a tooth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, front angles distinct,
hind ones obtuse, sides almost straight; disk finely and rather sparsely
punctate and with two distinct fovese near base. Blytra with rows of fine
simple punctures; intervals alutaceous. Length 1.5-1.7 mm.
Webster collection from ‘‘Indiana.’’ Known from all others by
the finely punctured and shining thorax.
Hesperobenus rufipes Lec., piceous, antenne and legs reddish-
brown, length 3 mm., is known from Illinois and Missouri.
Europs pallipennis Lev., piceous, elytra dull yellow, thorax as
wide as long with a curved basal impression, length 2.8 mm., is
known from Pennsylvania.
II. Bacrriptum Lee. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘a stick + little.’’)
Besides the distinctive characters given in the key, the mem-
bers of this genus have the intercoxal process of abdomen rather
broad, truncate in front and the elytra with rows of punctures.
Four species are known from the United States, two of which have
been taken in Indian
1284 (3869). BactTripium rpHrpPicrruM Guer., Icon. Reg. Anim., 1830, 190.
Oblong, depressed. Piceous, shining; antenne, legs and elytra reddish-
brown, the sides and tips of the latter usually darker. Thorax slightly
wider than long, sides feebly curved and somewhat narrowed to the base,
margin with two small teeth behind the middle; surface vaguely concave,
sparsely punctured at middle, much more densely at sides. Elytra slightly
wider than thorax, finely striate, the strie at sides closely and finely placed,
those of disk with fine, rather closely placed punctures. Length 2 mm.
Marshall, Starke, Jennings and Crawford counties; scarce. May
20-November 20. Taken by sifting the mold and leaves about the
roots of trees; also beneath bark of honey locust.
670 FAMILY XXX.—DERODONTID.
1285 (3871). BacrripIUM STRIOLATUM Reitt., Verhand. des Nat. Vereins
in Brunn., XII, 1872, 14.
Moderately elongate, subdepressed. Uniform piceous or dark reddish-
brown, antenne and legs paler. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
feebly curved and gradually narrowed behind the middle; disk rather
coarsely but not densely punctured, punctures of the middle forming a
vague U-shaped mark. Elytra slightly convex, surface striate, the striz
at sides replaced by sparse punctures, those on disk with fine, not closely
placed punctures; intervals finely wrinkled. Length 2 mm.
Putnam, Posey and Jennings counties; scarce. April 13—No-
vember 20. Darker than the preceding, elytra more convex and
with the strie on sides semi-obsolete.
Family XXX. DERODONTID.
Tue Tooru-NecK&p FunGus BEETLES.
This is a very small family comprising only three known North
American species. They are small brown or dull brownish-yellow
beetles, in our species having the head deeply impressed, and with
a small, smooth tubercle on the inner side of each eye. This at first
sight resembles a large ocellus or simple eye. The name of the
typical genus, Derodontus, is derived from two Greek words mean-
ing ‘‘neck’’ and ‘‘toothed,’’ and was applied to these beetles on
account of their having the thorax much narrower than the elytra,
resembling a neck, and with the lateral margins strongly toothed.
From allied families they are chiefly distinguished by having
the front and hind coxe transverse; the former conical, somewhat
prominent and contiguous; the latter slightly separated and dilated
on the inner side to form a small plate which protects the insertion
of the thigh. In addition they have the head suddenly but not
strongly constricted behind, the antenne 11-jointed, inserted before
the eyes upon the side of the front, joints nine to eleven somewhat
larger than those preceding, except the first and second, which are
thicker; abdomen with five free, equal ventral segments; tarsi 5-
jointed, clothed beneath with long, gray hairs, the fourth joint
somewhat smaller than those preceding.
Two genera comprise the family. One of these,
I. Deropontus Lec., 1861. (Gv, ‘Sneek + tooth’’)
is represented in the eastern United States and Indiana by the
single species:
THE TQOTH-NECKED FUNGUS BEETLES. 671
#1286 (3873). Derovpontus MaAcuLatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
II, 1S, 115.
Oblong-oval. convex. Dull brownish-yellow; ely-
tra with a number of irregular, indistinct, more or
less connected, darker spots. Thorax about as wide
as long, disk coarsely granulate and with a deep me-
dian impression; margins flattened and armed with
three or four uneven teeth. Elytra slightly wider be-
hind the middle, tips rounded, covering the abdomen;
each wth es rows of large, et punctures.
Length 2.5-8 mm. (Tig. 250.)
ee the State; common on fungi and
beneath bark of fungus-covered lows. Hiber-
nates. April 11-December 10. Fig. 250. x 10. (After Sharp.)
Family XXXI. BYRRIID
Tus Pru BEeries.
Included in this family are short, very convex beetles of small
or medium size, having the upper surface more or less clothed or
ornamented with hairs or minute scales. The legs of most of the
Species are very contractile, being capable of being folded up so
closely against the body that it is with difficulty that they can be
seen. The name Byrrius, that of the typical genus to which the
larger species belong, is derived from the Greek word ‘‘bursa,’’ a
‘thide,’’ and was given the genus hy Linnaeus, probably on account
of some fancied resemblance in texture of their upper surface. He
also gave the specific name piluius, meaning ‘‘a little pill,’’ to a
European species, on account of its resemblance to a pill or little
ball, and the name ‘‘pill-beetle’’ has been since applied to the mem-
bers of the family. The beetles are most common in sandy locali-
ties. where they are usually found upon the ground, either beneath
cover or burrowing about the roots of the tufts of coarse grasses
which grow in such places. The beach of Lake Michigan is a fa-
vorite locality for them, and along it most of the species known to
occur in the State have been taken. However, one or two species
live beneath bark and probably occur throughout the State.
The principal characters distinguishing the familv are the trans-
verse mentum; the 11- (rarely 10-) jointed antenne, the outer
joints usually forming an elongate club; presternum short, truncate
in front, shghtly prolonged and fitting into the mesosternum be-
hind; elytra covering the abdomen, which has five ventral seg-
ments; front coxe transverse. separated by the prosternum, the
[48—23402]
672 FAMILY XXNIf.—BYRRHID.
coxal cavities open behind; hind cox» extending to the margin of
the body, transverse and dilated into a plate partly protecting the
hind thighs; tarsi short, five-jointed, last joint nearly as long as the
others united.
The literature treating of the North American species is as
follows:
LeConte.—‘ Synopsis of the Byrrhide of the United States,’’ i
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VII, 1854, 1138-117.
Horn.— ‘Table of Species‘of Limnichus,’’ in Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Survey, V, 1879, 514.
Casey —‘‘Limnichus,’’ Synopsis of,’? i2 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei.,
V, 1890, 145-160.
Forty-six species, distributed among 11 genera, represent the
family in the United States. Of these 8 species, belonging to four
genera, have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BYRRHIDZ&.
a. Head prominent; mentum large, elongate, semi-elliptical, coarsely punc-
tate, entirely closing the mouth below. I. NosopENDRON.
aa. Head retracted; mentum small, quadrate, largely exposing the base of
the maxille.
b. Antenne 11-jointed, clavate; lower face or epistoma not distinct; size
medium, 5 or more mm.
c. Front tarsi only retractile. Il. CytILus.
cc. All the tarsi retractile. Ill. Byrruvs.
bb. Antenne 10-jointed; epistoma corneus, separated by a fine suture;
size small, less than 3 mm. IV. Limnicuvs.
I. Nosopenpron Hat. 1807. (Gr, ‘disease +tree.’’)
This genus comprises two oval, convex beetles, having the head
advanced in front; mentum as described in key; antennex 11-jointed,
situated under the side of head. ‘They live beneath the bark of
trees. One of the two occurs in Indiana.
1287 (3876). NosopeNDRON UNICOLOR Say, Long’s Exped. to St. Peter’s Riv.,
II, 274; ibid. I, 180.
Rounded-oval, strongly convex. Black, somewhat shining ; antenne pic-
eous. Above uniformly, rather densely and coarsely punctate, more spar-
ingly and coarsely beneath. Elytra not striate but with rows of short,
stiff, erect yellowish hairs, plainly visible only in side light. Tength 5-
5.7 mm,
Lake, Putnam. Crawford and Posey counties; searce. April
22-July 4.
THE PILL BEETLES. 673
II. Cyrmys Erichs. (dr., “esvering + mud.’’)
In this genus and the next the head is vertical or bent down-
ward, the labrum distinct and fitting close to the front. and the
body covered with a fine, easily remuved pubescence forming varied
patterns. Two species of Cytilus are known. both of which occur
in Indiana.
1285 (3887). CyYTILUs sERIcEUs Forst., Nov. Spec. Insect., 1771.
Subovate, narrowed in front, strongly convex. Bronzed black, shining;
densely covered with a fine pubescence which, on head and thorax, is nearly
uniform bronzed; on elytra the four or five inner intervals are alternately
narrow and uniform metallic green, and wider, slightly elevated, and green
tesselated with black. Head and thorax rather finely and densely, elytra
more sparsely and coarsely, punctate; the punctures visible only after the
pubescence is removed. Length 5 mm. :
Lake and Warren counties; frequent along the beach of Lake
Michigan. May 28—July 28.
1289 (8888). CyTILUS TRIVIITATUS Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 117.
Resembles the preceding in form and structure but a little larger. Uni-
form dull bronze; thorax with a patch of golden hair at middle of base;
elytra with the alternate intervals slightly elevated and tesselate with
squarish black spots. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties, beneath rubbish along the beach of
Lake Michigan; scarce. Taken with sericeus, and may eventually
prove to be the female of that species. May 20-AMavy 28.
III. Byrraus Linn. 1766. (Gr., ‘‘a hide.’’)
To this genus belong the largest members of the fam-
ily. They resemble closely those of Cytilus, but have all
the tarsi strongly retractile. Two of the cight known
: i : . Fig. 251.
species from North America huve been taken in the State. Bish iuie L.
A European spe-
(Fig. 251.) cies.
1290 (3889). Byrrits amerntcanus Lec., Agassiz Lake Sup., 1850, 224.
Oval, strongly convex, narrowed in front. Black, densely covered with
fine grayish pubescence; thorax indistinctly marked with gray; elytra each
with three or four narrow interrupted black lines and a double, narrow,
sinuous gray crossbar at middle. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties, along the beach of Lake Michigan ;
searce. May 20-June 10.
1291 (8895). Byrrits MURINUS Fab., Syst. El., I, 1801, 104.
Rounded-ovate, strongly convex. Black, closely pubescent and covered
with numerous short, erect, bristle-like hairs; elytra each with four or five
674 FAMILY SXS1—BYRRIID.©.
narrow, black, slightly elevated lines and a double row of small grayish
spots arranged crosswise, just behind the middle. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. July 25.
TV. Lruynicuus Latr. (Gr., ‘‘a pool or marsh + love.’’)
Here belong nearly a score of very small species having the la-
brum distinet; antenne inserted at the sides of the front; head
strongly retracted, the eves, labrum and mandibles concealed in
repose. They are found along the borders of streams and lakes,
where they burrow in the ground and emerge when water is thrown
on the banks.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIMNICHUS.
a. Body beneath densely and coarsely punctured ; blackish-bronzed, densely
clothed with yellowish pubescence. 1292. PUNCTATUS.
aa. Body beneath finely, in part sparsely punctured.
b. Under surface shining; above black, shining, very sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence. 123. NITIDULUS.
bb. Under surface opaque; above dark brown to piceous, rather densely
clothed with pale brown or yellowish pubescence. 1294. ovatus.
1292 (3001). TLaarnicirus punerarus Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIL,
1854, 116.
Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, densely covered with golden gray pu-
bescence. ‘Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides feebly and evenly
curved; surface, as well as that of elytra, coarsely and densely punctate;
median groove fine, distinct. Prosternum coarsely punctate, and with a
wide and deep longitudinal groove. Abdomen coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. UWihernates. May 5—-Decem-
ber 7. In October I once found a number of this species sunning
themselves on the vertical cliffs of sandstone along the Ohio River
at Cannelton, Perry County.
1293 (8907). LimNicHus NITIDULUS Lee., loc. cit., p. 117.
Oval, narrowed before and behind. Black, shining, very sparsely clothed
with yellowish pubescence. Thorax sparsely and finely punetate, median
groove short but distinct; scutellum one-third longer than wide at base,
highly polished. Vlytra sparsely and feehly punctured. the punetures on
side and near suture semi-obsolete. Lrosternum sparsely punctate, median
eroove distinct except on apical fourth. .Abdemen tinely and rather sparsely
punctate. Length 1.7 mi.
Shores of Bass Lake, Starke County; frequent locally; also in
Webster collection from Tndiana. May 18-August 20. Known
heretofore only from Georgia,
THE MINUTE MUD-LOVING BEETLES. 67d
1294 (3909). Limnicnuts ovatus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1854, 117.
Ovate, rather acutely pointed behind. Above dark brown to piceous,
shining, conspicuously clothed with pale brownish-yellow pubescence; an-
tennie and legs dark reddish-brown; under surface paler piceous. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long, sides straight, disk sparsely and very
finely punctate. without median groove. Elytra nearly four times as long
as thorax and one-fourth wider, very finely and sparsely punctate. Pro-
sternum with a deep median groove, which reaches neither base nor apex.
Length 1.2-1.5 mm.
Putnam County: scarce. April 17-October 17. A half dozen
specimens Were sifted during a severe drouth from debris just above
a hillside spring. Known heretofore only from the “*Southern
States.”’
Family XXNII. GEORYSSID.®.
Tue Mixcure Mup-i0vine BEETLES.
A very few minute, rounded, convex species comprise this fam-
ily. Thev have the surface roughly sculptured; antenne short, 9-
jointed, inserted under the sides of the front, the last three joints
forming an oval elub; head deflexed, eves rounded ; prosternum very
small; mesosternum short and wide, sloping downward in front;
elytra entire; abdomen with five free ventral segments; front coxe
rather prominent, with a deep fissure between them; middle cox
oval, well separated; legs short, slender, tarsi 4-jointed, claws
simple.
They live on the margins of streams and cover themselves with
a coating of mud or fine sand, so that they can be detected only
when they move. One genus represents the family.
Georrssus Lat. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘earth + dig up.’’)
This genus. sufficiently characterized above. is represented in
the United States by two known species. One of these, G. pusillus
Lee., black, thorax rugesely punctate, strongly margined, with an
interrupted elevated line on side, elytra with rows of rather coarse
punctures. length 1.7 mm.. doubtless occurs in the State. but no
verified Indiana specimen has been seen.
Family NNNITI. PARNID_E.
Tne Lone-ToED WATER BEETLES.
This is a small family of aquatic beetles which live for the most
part in swift running water. where they cling to flat stones. logs or
676 FAMILY XXNUSI.—PARNIDA.
aquatic plants. They feed upon decomposing matter in the water
and thus form one of the agencies whieh nature has provided for
purifying streams. The legs are not fitted for swimming, but the
fifth or last joint of the tarsi is longer than the other four united,
and is armed with long, simple. claws, whence the common name
above given. This structure of the tarsus is the principal distin-
guishing character of the family and enables its members to grasp
firmly objects resting in strong currents of water. By taking an
old limb or rough stone from the water at a suitable locality and
placing it in the sun, the insects will move as the water dries,
though at first nothing can be seen of them, so perfectly do they
resemble the surface on which they rest. The surface of the body is
clothed with fine silken hairs which have the property of repelling
or shedding water and enable the insect to surround itself with a
film or globule of air while clinging to objects beneath the water.
The larva of our largest species, Psephenus lecontei, resembles in
appearance a trilobite, being flat and nearly circular in outline, and
measuring about 8 mm. in length. It is found clinging to stones in
rapid water or in muck near springs or ponds. The larve of the
genera Elmis and Stenelmis are said to be similar in form, except
that the segments are not united to the margin, which thus appears
notched or incised.
Among the more distinctive characters of the family are the
usually retractile head, with distinct labrum and small mandibles:
prosternum distinct in front of the coxw, usually elongate behind
and forming a process received into a definite cavity in the meso-
sternum ; front coxal cavities widely open: hind cox transverse and
usually dilated into a plate, which partly protects the thighs; elytra
entire; abdomen usually with five ventral segments, the front ones
connate or firmly united.
Nearly 400 species of the family are known, about 50 of which
occur in North America. The principal literature treating of these
is as follows:
Le Conte— ‘Synopsis of the Parnide of the United States,’’ in
Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1852, 41-44.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Parnide of the United States,’? in
Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., TIT, 1870, 29-42,
The North American species are distributed among three sub-
families, all of which are represented in Indiana.
THE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 677
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PARNIDZ.
a. Abdomen with more than five ventral segments; front coxz with very
large trochantin; body subdepressed.
Subfamily I. PsEPHENIN, p. 677.
aa. Abdomen with only five ventral segments; body convex.
6. Front coxe transverse, with distinct trochantin; body clothed with
a dense silky pubescence. Subfamily I]. PaRNinz. p. 678.
bb. Front cox rounded without trochantin ; body feebly pubescent.
Subfamily III. EitMin#, p. 679.
Subfamily I. PSEPHENINAE,
In this subfamily the head is free, not retractile; labrum broad,
entirely covering the mandibles: maxillary palpi elongate, the last
joint wide, hatchet-shaped; antenne widely separated, serrate, 11-
jointed, longer than head and thorax; prosternum carinate, pro-
longed behind into an acute point which fits into a narrow groove
extending the full length of the mesosternum; abdomen of male with
seven ventral segments, the first and second united, fifth broadly
emarginate, sixth deeply bilobed. visible only around the notch of
the fifth; seventh rounded, entire. filling the notch of the sixth;
female with the segment corresponding to the sixth in male absent.
The subfamily is represented by the single genus
I. PsepHenvs Hald. 1863. (Gr., ‘‘dark or ohscure.’’)
Four species represent the genus in the United States. one of
which oceurs in Indiana.
1295 (3914). PsEPHENUS LECONTEI Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1852. 41.
Oval, subdepressed, narrowed in front, obtusely
rounded behind, very finely punctate and pubescent.
Black or dull brownish-black ; head and thorax usually
darker, always deep black in the female. Base of
thorax twice as wide as apex, bisinuate, distinctly
lobed at middle; hind angles acute, sides regularly
eurved. Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 252.)
Hudson Lake, Laporte County and pool near
Delong, Fulton County: searce. August 20.
Probably occurs throughout the lake region of ig ses
the northern third of the State. LeConte says that ‘‘the perfect
insect lives on bushes over the surface of running water and is also
found creeping over wet stones in the torrents.’’
678 FAMILY XXXIII.—PARNIDA.
Subfamily II. PARNINAE.
In our genera of this subfamily the head is retractile and pro-
tected beneath by the prosternum, which is lobed in front; antenne
short, 11-jointed, the first and second joints enlarged; prosternal
spine wide; mesosterrum broad, emarginate; hind coxe dilated into
a plate. Four genera are known, three of which may occur in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PARNINA.
a. Body rounded; eyes not hairy; last joint of maxillary palpi batchet-
shaped; length 3 mm. LuTROCHUS.
aa. Body elongate; last joint of maxillary palpi elongate; larger, 5-6.5 min.
b. Antenne close together at base, their clubs pectinate; eyes hairy.
PELONOMUS.
bb. Antenne widely separated, their clubs lamellate; eyes glabrous.
II. Dryops.
Lutrochus luteus Uee., oval, bronzed, denscly clothed with clay-
vellow hairs, has been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati.
Pelonomus obscurus Lec., subeylindrical, piceous, densely clothed
with erect hairs, length 6.5 imm., is recorded from the ‘‘Southern
and Western States.’’ :
IT. Dryops Oliv. 1790. (A mythological name.)
Oblong species of medium size, having the head retractile and
when bent downward protected beneath by the lobe of the pro-
sternum; joints 4 to 11 of antenne distinctly lamellate; prosternal
spine wide. Five species are known from North America, two of
which have heen taken in Indiana, while a third probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DRYOPS.
a. Body finely and densely clothed with silky pubescence.
1296. LITHOPHILUS.
ad. Body coarsely pubescent.
bv. Base of thorax and space along elytral suture without pubescence.
1297. FASTIGIATUS.
bb. Surface everywhere pubescent; alternate interyals of elytra more
convex. STRIATUS,
1296 (3921). Dryors LrrHopHitus Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov,, 1824, 88.
Oblong, subconvex, everywhere covered with a dense and evenly dis-
tributed silky pubescence which has a slightly bronzed lustre. Thorax
broader than long, disk convex. base hisinuate, front and hind angles acute.
Elytra rapidly narrowed behind the middle to an acute apex;
dominal segment, as in the next species, nearly do
reddish in hue. Length 5-5.5 mm.
last. ab-
void of pubescence and
TIIE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 679
Lake, Laporte, Lawrence and Putnam counties; frequent. July
21—August 20.
1297 (8922). Dryors rastigiatus Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 275; ibid.
I; 181.
Similar in size and form to the preceding. Differs in having the basal
region of the thorax rather suddenly depressed, smooth, shining and wholly
without pubescence. Sides of elytra densely pubescent, but a space on each
side of the suture, reaching the second or third row of punctures on basal
half and widening to the fourth row on apical half, with only a few scat-
tered hairs; punctures large, coarse. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Wells, Hancock, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. August 10-
October 20. The Vigo County specimen was taken from beneath a
log in a deep ravine.
D. striatus Lec., elongate, blackish-olivaceous, 6 mm, in length,
is a boreal species extending across the continent.
Subfamily III. ELMINAE.
Ilere the front coxie are rounded without trochantin; abdomen
with five ventral segments, the fifth rounded at tips; antenne sim-
ple, inserted upon the front near the eves; middle coxe widely sepa-
rated; hind coxe separated. not dilated into a plate. protecting the
thighs. Four genera are known, all of which may oecur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ELMINZ.
a. Head protected beneath by a prosternal lobe.
b. Antenne 11-jointed.
e. Front tibize pubescent on the inner side; thorax in our species with-
out median groove. III. Evmis.
ee, Front tibiee glabrous on the inner side; thorax with a distinct me-
dian groove. IV. STENELMIS.
bb. Antenne 6-jointed. MACRONYCHUS.
ada. Head free; presternum not lobed; antenns 11-jointed. ANCYRONYX.
III. Exumis Latr. 1802. (Gr., ‘I drive.’’)
This genus comprises about 20 small, elongate
or oval species (Fig. 253), of which the following
may occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELMIS.
uv, Thorax with even surface; i. @, without elevated
lines or folds.
b. Thorax more or less reddish-brown, slightly nar-
rower from base to apex. 1298. VITTATUS.
bb. Thorax black, slightly bronzed. QUADRINOTATUS.
ad. Thorax with more or less uneven surface.
Fig. 253. Elmis bivittatus Lec.
680 FAMILY XXNIII.—-PARNID.1.
ce. Thorax with a short elevated line each side at base; elytra each with
an oblique clay-yellow stripe.
d. Elytral intervals distinctly punctured; oblique pale stripe entire,
extending from humerus nearly to apex. FASTIDITUS.
dd. Elytral intervals scarcely punctured; oblique pale stripe broken.
1299. OVALIS.
cc. Thorax with oblique folds converging backward, its sides sinuate.
PUSILLUS.
1298 (3925). BLmis virratus Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 99.
Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Piceous black, shining; elytra each
with a yellowish stripe, broadest at base, extending from humerus nearly
to apex; antenne, tibis and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax slightly broader
than long, gradually narrower from base to apex, sides feebly rounded;
disk convex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Hlytral strive feebly im-
pressed, the punctures fine, separated one from another by a space greater
than their own diameters. Length 2.5-3 mim.
Marshall and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 16-August 5.
E. quadrinotatus Say, elytra with a pale spot at base and an-
other behind middle, length 2.3 mm.. is known from the Middle
States and Canada. H. fastiditus Lec., bronzed black, elytra with
an entire reddish-yellow stripe, length 4 mm., is a boreal species
which may occur in northern Indiana.
1299 (3931). Exmis ovatis Lec., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 74.
Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, finely and sparsely pubescent; elytra
each with an oblique narrow, dull yellow, usually interrupted, stripe reach-
ing from humerus to apex; tarsi and antenne reddish-yellow. Thorax
with an elevated line each side at base; sides feebly curved; disk convex,
densely and finely punctate. Elytra deeply striate, stris with coarse pune-
tures; intervals very finely punctulate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Kosciusko, Fountain, Starke and Knox counties, rare; Lawrence
County, frequent in the swift stream emerging from Hamer’s Cave,
east of Mitchell. June 8-September 7.
FE. pusillus Lee., black, elytra each with a humeral and subapical
yellowish spot and with the second, fourth and sixth intervals cari-
nate, length 2 mm., is known from the Middle States and Canada.
IV. Sreneimis Dufour. 1835. (Gr., “narrow + Elmis.’’)
Elongate, subeylindrical species. very closely allied to Elmis.
Six are listed from the United States, three of which may oeeur in
the State, while a fourth is herewith described.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENELMIS.
a. Second elytral interval not elevated at base; elytra black with a broad
yellow stripe; length 2-2.5 mm. LINEARTS,
aa, Second elytral interval elevated on basal third.
THE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 681
b. Form subdepressed; thorax with sides strongly rounded, its disk
with three oblique tubercles each side of the median channel.
CRENATUS.
bb. Form elongate, convex; sides of thorax less rounded, more or less
sinuate at middle.
ce. Thorax scarcely broader at base than apex; pale stripe of elytra
always entire. 1300. BICARINATUS.
cc. Thorax distinctly wider at base than apex; pale stripe of elytra
broadly interrupted at middle. 1301. SULCATUS.
S. lincaris Zimm. and 8. crenatus Say have both been recorded
from Cincinnati by Dury.
1300 (3949). STENELMIS BICARINATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 44.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dull black; thorax tinged with bronze; ely-
tra each with a rather broad yellow stripe extending from humerus seven-
eighths to apex; tarsi and antenne reddish-brown. Thorax with the sides
parallel in front of and behind the middle, scarcely broader at base than
apex; the dorsal channel and an oblique groove each side distinct. Second
elytral interval distinctly but feebly carinate near base, the fifth carinate
its full length; striee rather deeply and coarsely punctured on base, more
faintly near apex. Length 3.5—4 mm.
Spencer County; rare. June 13. Described from Ohio.
13801 (———). STENELMIS SULCATUS, Sp Dov.
Broader, more robust and less convex than bicarinatus. Deep black;
elytra each with an oblong yellow spot behind humerus and a more elon-
gate one on apical third; antenne and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax finely
and sparsely granulate and with a deep median groove extending from
base three-fourths to apex, the sides of groove convergent near base; disk
also with two oblong oblique tubercles each side of groove, the hind one
separated from the latter by an oblique depression. Elytra with second
interval elevated on basal third, fifth carinate its full length; strise coarsely,
shallowly and rather closely punctate. Length 3.5 mm.
Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County; frequent. October 26.
Specimens were sent me by H. Walton Clark, of the U. 8. Fish Com-
mission, who reported it as ‘‘apparently spending its life in the
intervals of the marly growth on mussels, ete., at the bottom of the
lake, and can usually be procured in numbers by examining the
coneretions of marl.’’ From the descriptions I at first thought it
to be quadrimaculatus Horn, but comparison with cotypes of the
latter at Cambridge, shows the sculpture of thorax to be wholly
different. Several unnamed specimens of sulcatus from New York
were in the Cambridge collection.
682 FAMILY XXXIV.—IJETEROCERIDS.
Macronychus glabratus Say, blackish, antenne pale reddish-
brown, seventh interval carinate, length 3-3.5 mm., is known from
Pennsylvania.
Ancyronyx variegatus Germ., black, elytra with yellow stripes,
length 3-3.5 mm., is recorded from the Middle States and Ten-
nessee.
Family XXXIV. HETEROCERIDA.
THE VARIEGATED Mub-LOVING BEETLES.
To this family belong a small number of subdepressed, oblong or
elongate, semi-aquatie beetles which live in galleries which they ex-
cavate in the sand or mud along the borders of streams and lakes.
When disturbed they run from their galleries and take flight, as do
certain species of Bembidium. They are of a brownish or blackish
color, usually variegated with undulated bands or spots of dull yel-
low, and have the body very finely punctate and densely clothed
with short, silky pubescence. From the Parnide, with which they
were formerly grouped, they differ mainly in having the front and
middle tibia widened and armed with spines on the outer edge, thus
enabling them to burrow in the wet sand which they and their larvee
inhabit.
The name Heteroccrus, that of the typical and only genus, comes
from two Greek words meaning ‘‘different’’ and ‘‘horn,’’ and was
so given from the irregularity of the 11-jointed antenne, joints 5 to
11 of which form an oblong, serrate club (Fig. 4. No. 9).
In addition to the characters mentioned, the niembers of the
family have the mentum large, oblong, deeply emarginate in front;
thorax transverse with rounded angles; prosternum lobed in front,
acute behind; mesosternum very short, deeply emarginate; elytra
entirely covering the abdomen, which is composed of five nearly
equal ventral segments, the fifth only being movable. the others
connate; front coxe oval, transverse, the cavities widely open be-
hind; tarsi 4-jointed, the second and third joints shorter than the
others.
The only paper treating of the North American species is that by
Horn.-—‘The Species of Heterocerus of Boreal America,’ in
Trans. Amer. Entom. Soe. XVIT, 1890, 1-16, pl. I.
I. Hererocerts Bose. 1792. (Gr., “different + horn.’’)
In the paper above cited, Dr. Horn reduced the 16 species of the
genus listed by Henshaw to nine, and added two new ones. One of
the principal characters used by him in separating the species is the
¢
T
lo a)
Cp
THE VARIEGATELC MUD-LOVING BEETLES.
presence or absence of the post-musocoral Line, This is an elevated
line on the metasternum which ‘‘begins at the middle of the hind
border of the middle coxe and extends obliquely backward, joining
the suture between the metasteruum and its episternum.’’ The
first ventral segment bears a stridulating organ in the shape of an
elevated curved ridge which is finely striate transversely, and when
rubbed by the hind legs. produces a quite distinct sound. Of the
11 species recognized by Horn, seven have been taken in Indiana,
while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HETEROCERUS.
au. Thorax with a pale median stripe; stridulating ridge of first ventral
segment complete, forming nearly a semicircle; an elevated oblique
line on the epipleura near the base. (Fig. 256, ¢.)
1302. AUROMICANS.
ad. Thorax without a pale median stripe; stridulating ridge of first ven-
tral incomplete, extending from the front angle in a curved line to
hind border; epipleura without an oblique elevated line near the
base.
b. Metasternum without a post-mesocoxal line; elytra never with a spot
at base near suture.
ce Labrum of male narrowed at tip and prolonged forward in a
process; size larger, 6 mm.; elytra obsoletely substriate.
1303. VENTRALIS.
ec. Labrum of male not prolonged forward in a process; size smaller,
not over 4.5 min.; elytra usually distinctly substriate.
1304. UNbATUS.
bb. Metasternum with a post-mesocoxal line.
d, Flytra usually brownish or piceous, always with more or less dis-
tinct dull yellaw spots or markings; mandibles of male without
basal lobe extending over the labrum.
e. Elytra without a pale spot at base near suture.
f. Elytra usually substriate. the pale markings much broken;
legs more or less piceous; larger, 3.5-4 mim.
1305. BRUNNEUS.
ff. Elytra not substriate, the markings well defined and broad;
legs wholly pale; Jength not over 3 mm. SCHWARZI.
cee, Elytra with a pale spot at base near suture.
g. General color of upper surface brownish or pale; thorax mere-
ly slightly darker at middle; mandibles of male with an
angulate basal lobe on outer side. 1306. COLLARIS.
gg. General color piceous; thorax piceous, often sharply bordered
with pale; mandibles of male not prominent at hase.
1307. TRISTIS.
dd. Elytra pale without yellow marks, often with a broad fuscous
sutural space; mandibles of male with a basal lobe extending
over the base of labrum. 1308. PUSILLUS.
684 FAMILY XXXIV.—HETEROCERID.©.
1302 (3958). Hererocervs Auromicans Kies, Rev. Linn. Ent., V, 1801,
287.
Oblong, convex. Picecus, sparsely clothed with golden, short, scale-
like, recumbent hairs; sides and median stripe of thorax pale. Elytra with
sides, two sinuous entire bands and short subapical lunule, yellow; femora
and tarsi reddish-yellow, tibiee piceous. Elytra parallel, faintly substriate.
Labrum of male, transverse, narrowed in front, apex emarginate-truncate.
Length 3.54.5 mm. (Tig. 256, c.)
Starke, Fountain and Vigo counties; frequent. April 26—Au-
eust 20. Easily known by the pale median stripe of thorax, and
the entire stridulating ridge on first ventral segment.
1303 (3957). Ulererocerus venrratis Melsh., Proc. Vhil. Acad. Nut. Sci.,
II, 1844, 98.
Oblong, feebly convex. Piceous, clothed
with short, semi-erect yellowish or brownish
pubescence; front angles of thorax yellow;
elytra with three sinuous bands of dull yel-
low spots, which are interrupted on the disk
, and not united at the margin by a pale bor-
3) der ; rarely a basal spot near scutellum;
“w] femora reddish-yellow, piceous at base, tibie
piceous, tarsi pale. Thorax of male slightly
wider than elytra, not narrowed in front;
that of female distinctly narrowed in front,
; : not broader than elytra. Elytra parallel in
Fig. 254, ea b female, both sexes, faintly substriate. Length 6-
6.5 mm. (Tig. 254.)
J.awrence County; searee. August 18. Our largest species.
1804 (3970). Herrerocerts tnpaTts Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 98.
Oblong, moderately convex. VPiceous or brown; thorax often with the
front angles yellow, or the sides narrowly yellow; elytra with two sinuate
bands more or less interrupted (often united at the margin by an entire
pale border), a rounded subapical spet and an apical lunule, yellow; body
beneath piceous, the sides of abdomen narrowly yellow. Elytra usually
substriate. Length 44.5 mm. (Fig. 255. a.)
Throughout the State;
common. April 6—-October
21. Resembles the next
species very closely. but
distinguished. hy the ab-
sence of post meso-coxal
lines, and by having the
front angles or sides of tho-
rax reddish-vellow. Tig, 255. a, H. undatus, female; b, H. collaris, male; c, H. cullaris,
small var. (After Horn.)
THE VARIEGATED MUD-LOVING BERTLES. 685
1305 (——). HEreRocerts bRUNNEUS Melsh:, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 99.
Oblong, moderately convex. DPiceous, slightly shining; elytra with the
usual three sinuous bands of dull yellow, often broken into spots, some-
times scarcely distinct; the front band usually with a dash projected for-
ward from the middle; the hind one usually forming two rounded spots
near apex but not touching margin; body beneath entirely piceous. Ely-
tra more distinctly substriate than in the other species. Length 3-4 mm.
Frequent about the lakes of northern Indiana; elsewhere taken
only in Marion and Lawrence counties. Mav 11-December 7.
Al. schwarzi Horn, is known from Pennsylvania, Lake Superior
and Texas. (Fig. 256, b.)
1306 (3965). HETEROCERUS COLLARIS Kies., Revis. Linn. Ent., V, 1851, 292.
Oblong, moderately convex. Dull sooty brown or piceous, clothed with
brownish hair; sides of thorax pale; elytra each with an indistinct spot
near scutellum and two sinuous bands, often more or less interrupted and
sometimes indistinct, yellow; body beneath piceous, sides and apex of ab-
domen yellowish; legs entirely reddish-yellow. Thorax twice as wide as
long, sides and base curved, the Jatter bisinuate. Length 2.5-4 mm. (Tig.
255, b and c.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 11—-August 17.
Fig. 256. u, H. tristis, female; b, H. schwarzi, female; c, H. auromicans; d, H. pusillus. (After Horr.)
1307 (3960). HererocerUs TRisTIs Mann., Bull. Mosc., III, 1853, 218.
Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous, sparsely clothed with short, brownish
pubescence ; sides of thorax indistinctly paler; elytra with the side margins
entirely but narrowly pale, the usual sinuous bands broken into short longi-
tudinal lines as follows: an oblique stripe on each side of scutellum, on each
side of this one-third from base a short stripe; behind this near middle a
pair of oblong spots, and another pair on apical fourth; beneath piceous,
the sides of abdomen narrowly pale. Elytra vaguely substriate, epipleura
pale. Length 354 mm. (Vig. 256, a.)
Lake, Starke and Kaseiusko counties: searee. July 18—Au-
eust 25.
686 SERIES III.—-SERRICORNIA.
1308 (3969). Hererocervs pUsILLUs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1823, 200; ibid. IT, 128.
Oblong, moderately convex. Dull yellow to pale sooty-brown, either
uniform in color or with a broad darker median band extending from base
of head to tips ef elytra; epipleura and legs pale. Blytra parallel, not sub-
striate. Length 2-25 mm. (Fig. 256, d.)
Putnam and Crawford counties, scarce; frequent on border of
pond near University farm east of Mitchell. July 10-August 7.
Readily known by its small size and absence of usual yellow spots
on elytra.
Series WI. SERRICORNIA.
This series is primarily distinguished, as its name indicates, by
the serrate or saw-tooth character of the antenne. The serrate an-
tenna is, like the filiform, usually slender and of nearly the same
width throughout, but differs in having each joint project more or
less inwards, this projection being sometimes so long as to form
what is called the pectinate or comb-toothed antenna. As we have
already noted, some of the families connect so closely with those of
the Clavicornia that they are ineluded in both tables. In all but
two the tarsi are 5-jointed.
Their food is variable in character, but consists for the most
part of either living or decaying wood nv other vegetable matter, or
in those species with soft body covering, mainly of larvae, small
worms, snails and other living matter. All the families of the series
are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF SERRICORNIA.
a. First and second ventral segments firmly united; antenne serrate, never
elongate (pectinate in the male of Venorhipis) ; tarsi with mem-
branous lobes beneath; prosternal spine received in a eavity of the
mesosternum ; thorax fitting closely to the elytra.
Family XNXNIX. Buprestipa, p. 776.
ad, Vontral segments all free and movable.
». Tarsi 4-jointed; antenne short, terminal joints thicker (flabellate
in Rhipidandrus) ; form cylindrical; length less than 3.5 mm.
Family XLVIT. Croma, p. S05.
bb. Tarsi in part or wholly 5-jointed.
e. Hind tarsi 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed; form oval, convex;
length less than 3 mm. Family NLVIIT. Spuinpipx, p. 901.
ee, Tarsi all 5-jointed.
d. Virst joint of tarsi very short and imperfectly separated from
the second; antennal club 8- or 4-jointed, first ventral segment
not elongated (subfamily Bostrichine) > antennal eluh 2-
jointed, first ventral elongated (subfamily Lyctine),
Family XLIV. Bostricur.2, p. S86.
dd. Virst joint of tarsi distinet (except in some Clerida), often
longer than the second: first ventral not elongate.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF SERRICORNIA. OST
¢«. Hind coxal plates with grooves for the reception of the femora
in repose.
f. Front coxze globose.
wv. Thorax loosely jointed. its hind angles usually prolonged
backwards; prosternal spine lacsely received in a notch
in mesosternum, so as to admit of a springing motion;
front coxal cavities entirely surrounded by the prv-
sternum. Family NANVIL ELAaTeripx,. p. G00.
gg. Thorax firmly attached to the remainder uf the body; pro-
sternal spine prolonged but not movable; front coxal
cavities closed behind by the mesosternum; length less
then 5 mim. Family NXNXVIL. THroscip£. p. 773.
ff. Front cox transverse.
h. Ouychium (pad between the tarsal claws) large and hairy;
antenne of males usually flabellate; length 11 or
more mim. Family XXXVI. RHIPICERID.E. p. U6.
Lh. Onyehium small or wanting.
i. lead constricted behind; eres smooth; flanks of thorax
(in our species) excavated for the reception of the
front legs; body covered with small scales.
Family NLV. CUPESID, p). SP.
ié. Head not constricted behind: eres granulated.
j. Epimera of mesothorax reaching the middle coxie;
body coverings rather soft and flimsy; form usually
oval or hemispherical, convex; length less than
(.5 mm, Family MAXY. Dasevutibac p. GS.
jj. Epimera of mesothorax not reaching the coxie; pro-
sternum very short; thorax usually extending as a
form of hood above the head. the latter bent under
and rarely visible from above; length less than
7 mm. Firmly NGL, PTINtpas. yi. Sez,
ee. Hind coxal plates not grooved.
I. Wind coxe flat.
1. Prosternum net prolonged behind; tarsal] joints 1-4 with
membranous lobes beneath, the first joint often indis-
tinct. Family XLIT. CrLerip-£, p. 46.
i]. Prosternum prolonged behind.
m. Front coxal cavities entirely surrounded by the pro-
sternum; hind cox without plates: trochanters of
middle and hind legs very long.
Subfamily (NNNVIT). Cerophytisve. po T7173.
mt, Front coxal cavities partly formed hy the mesosternum :
antenne witheut club; length less than 4.5 mm.
Genus (NNXAVITT). Drapetes, p. TTA.
hie. Wind cox prominent.
n. Front eoxie conical, prominent. without trochantin; tarsi
slender; form elongate, narrow; lengeth 10 or more mm.
(only 2.2 mm. in Wicromatthus).
Family XLVI. LyMexyronin.£. p. Sod.
[4425402]
SS fAMILY XXXV.—DASCYLEID.E.
nu. Front coxee long with distinct trochantin; body and ely-
tra softer than usual, flexible, the parts not well co-
adapted; thorax usually with a broad, thin margin.
o. Visible ventral segments seven or eight, some of them
often with light-giving power; fourth joint of tarsi
more or less bilobed.
Family XL. LamMpyripzz, p. S07.
oo. Visible ventral segments five or six, none with light-
giving power; fourth joint of tarsi entire; elytra more
or less truncate and widest near their tips; length less
than 6 mm. Family XLI. MaAbLacutipas, p. 839.
Family XNXV. DASCYLLIDAE.
Tue Sorr-sopieED PLANT BEETLES.
A family of small size, composed, for the most part, of small,
hemispherical or oval, subconvex species of rather soft texture and
dull color. They occur mostly cn plants near water, though some
are found on dead timber, a few in running water and others in
rotten wood. The name of the typical genus, Dascyllus, comes from
the Greek words meaning ‘‘thick’’ and ‘‘shaded,’’ and probably re-
fers to the dusky or piceous hue of many of the species, or perhaps
to the shaded places along streams which they inhabit.
The most important characters possessed by the family are the
widely separated, 11-jointed, more or less serrate antenne which
are inserted beneath a slight ridge immediately in front of the eyes;
head sometimes prominent but usually dcflexed: elytra covering
the abdomen, which has five free ventral segments, the fifth rounded
at tip; front coxe transverse, either with large trochantin or none
at all, the cavities widely open behind; middle cox smaller, sub-
transverse ; hind coxe transverse, nearly contiguous, dilated into a
plate partly covering the thighs; tarsi 5-jomted. claws simple or
pectinate.
The principal literature treating of the North American species
is as follows:
LcConle.— ‘Synopsis of the Atopide and Cyphonide of the
United States,’’? in Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1853,
350-357.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Daseyllide of the United States,’? 77
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VITI, 1880, 76-114.
Only about 400 species of the family are known, 50 of which are
listed from the United States. These are distributed between two
subfamilies.
THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 689
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF DASCYLLIDA.
a. Front coxive with large and distinct trochantin; covering of body usually
firm. Subfamily I. DascyLiina, p. 689.
aa. Front cox without trochantin; covering of body usually soft and thin.
Subfamily II. Hetopin#, p. 690.
Subfamily I. DASCYLLINAE.
In addition to the distinet trochantin, the mandibles are more
prominent than in the Helodine; tibie never bicarinate on outer
side and bearing smaller spurs.. The following genera are perhaps
represented in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DASCYLILINUE.
a. Hind coxie narrowly separated; lower face prolonged, concealing the
mandibles and most of the labrum.
b. Antenne slender, elongate, joints 2-34 very short, subequal, to-
gether not longer than fifth. MACROPOGON.
bb. Antennie subserrate, joints 2 and 3 only short, together equal to
fourth. I. Eurypocon.
ad. Hind coxre contiguous; lower face short, labrum and mandibles visible.
ec. Claws pectinate; thorax acutely margined. ODONTONYX.
ce. Claws simple; thorax not acutely margined; middle coxz not more
widely separated than the front ones. ANCHYTARSUS.
Hacropogon rufipes Horn, oblong, piceous, Jegs and antenner red-
dish-brown. length 5.5 mm., is recorded from Illinois.
I. Euryrogon Motsch. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘wide + beard.’’)
Head free, slightly deflexed and received in the thorax as far as
the eyes; antenne slender, more than half the length of body, joints
4-11 slender, subequal; prosternum prolonged, meeting the meso-
sternum, carinate on each side. Two species are known, one of
which occurs from Pennsylvania to Kansas, including Indiana.
1309 (3974). FURYPOGON NIGER Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844,
309.
Oblong, convex. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent. Thorax one-half
broader than long, slightly broader at base, sides straight, surface sparsely
and coarsely punctate. Elytra oblong, parallel, slightly wider than thorax,
with rows of coarse, closely placed punctures; intervals much narrower
than the strive, each with a row of very fine punctures. Length 44.5 mm.
Marshall, Vigo, Orange, Floyd and Posey counties; rare. May
30—June 23. Beaten from leaves of hickory and oak.
Odonlonya tricittis Germ., oblong-oval, piceous, thorax reddish-
yellow with two large black spots, length 8-9 mm., occurs in the
Middle States.
690 FAMILY XNXV.—DASCYLLIDE.
Auchytarsus bicolor Melsh., oblong-oval, piceous, femora paler,
length 5-6 mm., ranges from New York to Georgia.
Subfamily II. HELODINAE.
Species less than 6 mm. in length, occurring on plants near
water. The following genera are probably represented in the
State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HELODIN..
a. Tarsi with the fourth joint very small, the third lobed beneath; form
more elongate; antennal joints of male with an articulated appen-
dage. II. PrILopActTyLa.
aa. Tarsi with the fourth joint as large or larger than the third; form
usually oval or hemispherical.
b. Hind coxee very large; form elongate-oval. III. Hucrinetus.
bb. Hind coxze at most dilated on the inner side.
ce. Front narrowed by the insertion of the antenne; prosternum dis-
tinct before and between the front coxe.
d. Tarsi slender, fourth joint smaller than third and not prolonged
beneath the fifth. IV. Ecropria.
dd. Tarsi slightly dilated, joints 2-3-4 feebly emarginate, the fourth
slightly prolonged beneath the fifth. ~° DICRANOPSELAPHUS.
cc, Front moderately broad; prosternum very short before and very
narrow between the cox.
e. Third joint of labial palpi arising from the side of the second.
f. Hind femora normal; tibial spurs moderate; hind tarsi flat
above and bicarinate; color usually variegated.
g. First joint of antennse expanded. V. DPRiIoXocyPHon.
* gg. First joint of antenne not expanded.
h. Wind tarsi convex above, not carinate. third joint nor-
mally visible; color brownish-yellow. AICROCARA.
hh. Wind tarsi flat and bicarinate above, third joint in great
part concealed by the prolonged upper edge of the sec-
ond joint. VI. HELODEs.
ff. lind fomora broad. fitted for jumping; spurs of hind tibie
long; color usually dull, uniform. VII. Scrrves.
ec. Third joint of labial palpi arising from the end of the second ;
tarsi convex above, not earinate; color usually dull.
VIII. Cypnon.
II. Pritopacryna Latr. 1829. (Gv., ‘wing + toed.’’)
Head deflexed and partially concealed from above hy the thorax:
antenne of female simple, those of male with joints 4 to 10 each
furnished with a slender, articulated eylindrieal appendage arising
from the base and as long as the joint itself; prosternum narrowly
THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES, 691
prolonged between the front coxa:: tarsal claws with a broad, rec-
tangular tooth at base.
1310 (3986). PriLopacTYLA SERRICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
III, 1823, 186; ibid. II, 119.
Oblong-oval. Chestnut brown to piceous,
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent; legs
and antenne pale. Thorax viewed from above.
nearly semicircular. apex slightly prolonged
over head, lateral margin acute; basal mar-
gin with three small teeth opposite scutellum ;
surfiee coarsely and rather densely punc-
tured. Elytra not wider than thorax, with
strie of rather coarse punctures; intervals
sparsely punctulate, scutellar stria long. Tooth
of tarsal claw basal, not reaching the mid-
dle of claw. Length 4-G mm. (Fig. 266.)
Throughout the State, frequent in
the northern counties; less so in the
southern portion. May 29-July 5.
Beaten from vegetation about the borders of lakes and marshes.
Fig. 266. Male. X 5. (Original.)
TI. Evcrxetuvs Germ. 1518. (Gr., ‘‘well + moving.’’)
Head strongly deflexed, resting on the front coxe, the front pro-
longed in a feeble beak; thorax short, narrowed in front; proster-
num very short in front of the coxe, which are long and conical;
hind coxew formed of broad oblique plates which reach the side mar-
gin of the body and cover the greater part of the first ventral seg-
ment; tarsal claws small. simple. The following species may occur
within the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF KUCINETUS.
«@. Elytra punctured; hind tibize with two spurs.
vb. Punctures rather coarse; body ovate, convex.
ce. Elytra substriate near the tip; color piceous. OVIFORMIS.
cc. Elytra without strie except the sutural; color dull brownish-yel-
low. TESTACECS.
bb. Punctures dense and rather fine; elytra with sutural stria only;
brownish or piceous. PUNCTULATUS.
aq. slytra not punctate but with fine transverse wrinkles or strigz.
d, Hind tibise with two spurs; nearly black. 1311. MorrIo.
dd. Wind tibise with one long spur.
ce. Tips of elytra reddish; strigze very close. 1512. TERMINALIS.
ee. Tips not reddish; strigee much farther apart, surface more shining.
STRIGOSUs,
692 FAMILY XXXV,—DASCYLLIDA.
E. oviformis Lec., length 4 mm., is known from Illinois and
Ohio; E. testaceus Lec., more slender, length 3.5 mm., is said to oc-
cur from Canada to Pennsylvania; FE. punctulatus Lee., length 2.5
mm., is recorded from Michigan and Virginia.
1311 (3992). Bucrnerus morto Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853,
357.
Elongate-oval, narrower behind, convex. Blackish-piceous, sparsely pu-
bescent; head and thorax with a reddish tinge. Thorax wider than long,
the sides strongly sloping downward, disk finely and sparsely punctulate.
Elytra distinctly substriate, their surface densely transversely strigose.
Sixth segment of abdomen visible in female, a small seventh segment in
male. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Kosciusko and Knox counties; searee. May 1-June 25. Taken
from beneath bark and in a hard, woody, yellowish fungus on oak
stumps. Narrower than terminalis and more acutely attenuate
behind.
1312 (3993). HucrInrrus TERMINALIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1858, 357 (no name) ; List Col. N. Amer., 1865, 50.
Form and sculpture of morio. Piceous or black, finely pubescent; ely-
tra with a well defined rufous spot at tip; antenne and legs pale. Head
and thorax finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; rare. April 10-May 28. One speci-
men was taken from beneath a leg close to a dead shrew. It leaped
like a flea very rapidly several times in succession, then buried itself
in the dirt.
E. strigosus Lec.,; black, legs and antennx reddish-brown, length
2.5 mm., is recorded from Ohio.
IV. Ecropria Lee. 1853. (Gr., ‘‘outside + to make a harsh
sound.’’)
Head small, nearly vertical, received in the thorax as far as the
eyes, which are partly concealed; antennx half the length of body,
distinctly serrate in the male; tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth
in both sexes, those of male bifid at tip. One species is known from
the eastern United States and Tndiana.
1813 (3995). Ecroprta NERVOSA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. II,
1844, 222.
Oval, broadest behind the middle, moderately convex, sparsely pubes-
cent, Color variable, usually piceous; thorax often with pale lateral mar-
gins; elytra of female often paler than thorax and with three dark lines
which unite before the apex. Thorax twice as wide as long, much nar-
rowed in front; apex truncate, baif as wide as base, hind angles subacute ;
THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 693
surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not wider at base than tho-
rax, gradually broader to apical third, surface sparsely punctate. Length
3-5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 19. Beaten from foliage in low
ground.
Dicranopselaphus varieqatus Horn, broadly oval, brownish, tho-
rax darker, elytra clouded, length 3 mm., is recorded from Tlinois.
V. Prionocypiton Redt. 1858. (Gr., ‘ta saw + bent.’’)
Head deflexed; antenne slender, longer than half the body.
Prosternum very short in front of voxe, prolonged in a slender plate
between them; hind coxe suddenly dilated into an oval plate on
iner side; tarsal claws simple.
1314 (3998). PrionocyPHON pDIScoIDEUS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
¥, 1825, 161% ibid. II, 272.
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Yellow; elytra with a large
discal black spot of variable size, sometimes covering three-fourths of the
surface. Antennz yellow, those of the males bipectinate, joints 4 to 10,
each being furnished with a cylindrical appendage on each side at base,
this longer than the joint itself (Fig. 3, No. 3). Thorax short, transverse,
very little narrowed in front, base bisinuate, surface sparsely punctulate.
Elytra coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Orange, Ferry and Posey counties; rare. May 12—June 1.
Taken hy beating foliage, and at electric light.
Microcara exrplanata Lee., elongate-oval, brownish-yellow, length
5-5.5 mm., is known from Canada and Michigan.
VI. Henopes Payk. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘marshy.’’)
Head deflexed, usually concealed from above by the prolonged
thorax ; antenne slender, first joint oval, second round, scarcely half
the size of first; third minute. fourth as long as the preceding three;
5 to 11 equal, a little shorter than the fourth. Prosternum not pro-
longed between the coxee, which are prominent and contiguous; sec-
ond joint of tarsi with two dentiform projections which nearly con-
ceal the small third joint; claws simple. Two species have been
taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELODES.
a. Form oval, longer than broad.
b. Elytra yellow with two black spots on each. 1315. PULCHELLA.
bb. Elytra entirely black. FUSCIPENNIS.
aa. Broadly ovate, nearly as broad as long; elytra entirely black.
1316. THORACICA.
694 FAMILY XNXV.—DASCYLUID/E.
1315 (4003). Hrropes PULCHELLA Guer., Spec. et Ieon., I1I, 1845, 18.
Hlliptical, finely pubescent. Yellow; elytra each
with an oval basal piceous spot, and another much
larger, reaching from before the middle to apex.
Thorax semicircular, base bisinuate, entire margin
slightly reflexed, disk sparsely and finely punctate.
Elytra rather densely punctured. Length 3.5-5 mm.
(Fig. 267.)
Orange, Posey and Crawford counties;
searee, April 18-June 1. Eight or ten speci-
mens were secured on the former date by sift-
ing the rotten debris from the center of an
Fig. 267. X 7. (Original.) old oak stump.
H. fuscapennis Guer., vellow, elytre black or piceous, length 4.5-
5 mm., ranges from Pennsylvania to Texas.
1816 (4005). Hetopes rmoractca Guer., loc. cit., p. 14.
Broadly oval, nearly as broad as long. Black, tho-
rax and antenne yellow; body beneath and femora pic-
eous, tibiz and tarsi paler. Thorax as in pulchella, Ely-
tra not densely punctured. Last ventral segment of male
emarginate. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. (Jig. 26S.)
Marshall and Vivo counties; rare. June 10-
September 2%.
VII. Scrrres Illig. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘a dancer.’’)
Head deflexed ; antennx slender, half as long as
body ; prosternum short, not prolonged between the cox, which are
prominent and contiguous; hind cox suddenly dilated on inner
side into a small plate; hind femora oval. very much enlarged, the
tibiz with one long and a shorter spur; tarsi with fourth joint bi-
lobed, the first joint of the hind ones as long as the other joints com-
bined.
Vig. 268.
1317 (4006). Scrrres orpicuLATUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 508.
Broadly oval, sparsely pubescent. Taek or piceous, shining; elytra
with an oblong-oval reddish-yellow spot on middle of suture; thorax with
sides usually broadly reddish-yellow ; femora piceous, tibia. tarsi and an-
tenn paler. Tlead and thorax sparsely, elytra more densely and coarsely
punetate. Length 2.5-8 mim.
Steuben County; rare. Beaten from plants near margin of
water in Clear Lake. June 17.
ISIS (4007). Serrtes TIBIALIS Guer., Spec. et Teon., LIT, 1845, 3.
Broadly oval Uniform piccous or nearly black, moderately shining.
sparsely pubescent; antennie, tibiie and tarsi paler. Head and thorax
nearly smooth. Hlytra rather densely punetulate. Length 83.5 mm.
Common on vegetation about the borders of lakes and marshes in
THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 695
the northern half of the State; taken only in Knox County in the
southern portion. June 3—\ugust 31.
VIII. Cypponx Payk. 17s. (Gr.. ‘‘bent or sloping.’’)
The species of this genus are distinguished from those of Hclodesx
only by having the third joint of the labial palpi arising from the
end instead of the side of the second. Five species are known from
the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYPHON.
a. Joints 2 and 3 of antenn:e short, their united Jength less than that of
the fourth.
vb. Form oblong, subparallel; thurax reddish-yellow, with the center of
disk piceous. 1319. RUFICOLLIS.
bb. Form oval. moderately robust: thorax and elytra uniform piceous.
320. OBSCURUs.
aa. Joints two and three of antenne together always longer than the
fourth. the third a little longer and more slender than the second.
e«, Bicolored, thorax reddish-yellow; elytra piceuus or black: sides of
thorax flattened. S21. COLLARIS.
ec, Thorax and elytra of the same color, the sides of the former not or
very feebly flattened.
d. Thorax more densely punctured at the sides than middle: color
usually pale brown. 1322. VARIABILIS.
dd. Thorax not more densely punctured at the sides; color piceous, the
tips of elytra yellow. 125. PAD,
1319 (4010). CyPHoN RUFICOLLIS Sry. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V, IS25,
Mes ids L.2e.
Oblong-oval. Picecus, finely pubescent; thorax reddish with a piceous
spot on disk, rarely wholly piceous or wholly yellow: three basal joints of
antennie pale; the second and third short, together scarcely longer than
half the feurth, the third much shorter than second. Thorax nearly three
times as wide as long. slightly narrowed in front. base bisinuate: surface
sparsely punctate, more coarsely near the sides. Fiytra slightly wider than
thorax. coarsely and rather densely punctured. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 4—July 6. Taken by
beating leaves of shrubs and trees.
1320 (4014). CyPHoN opscURts Guer., Spec. et Icon., III, 1845. 4.
Ovate, moderately convex. sparsely pubescent. Black or piceous, shin-
ing. Antenne, tibize and tarsi usually entirely pale. the former sometimes
with terminal joints darker. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long,
front angles distinct. side margins gradually sloping downward; surface
sparsely punctate. Elytra vaguely tricostate, not very densely punctate.
Length $-3.5 mm.
Steuben, Kosciusko and Wayne counties; scarce. May 25—Au-
gust 21. Swept from grass in low ground.
696 FAMILY XXXVI.—RHIPICERIDA.
1321 (4015). Cypnon cortaris Guer., Spec. et Icon., ITI, 1845, 4.
Oblong-oval. Piceous black, shining, finely pubescent ;
* thorax, tibise, tarsi and base of antenne reddish-yellow.
Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, front angles
rounded, sides distinctly flattened, especially towards the
., hind angles, which are rectangular; surface sparsely and
"finely punctate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, sur-
face rather coarsely and moderately densely punctate. Fe-
: males with a large oval flattened or slightly depressed
Fig. 269. x6. Space behind the scutellum, which is very feebly punctured.
Orginal.) Length 35-4 mm. (Fig. 269.)
Steuben, Marshall and Orange counties; scarce. June 2—July 6.
Taken by sweeping herbage at edges of woods and by beating limbs
of tamarack. Resembles ruficollis closely, but with basal joints of
antenne longer and never with central black spot on thorax.
1322 (4016). CyPpHon VARIABILIS Thunb., Mus. Ups., LV, 54.
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, pubescent. Color uniform
but variable from piceous to pale brown or dull yellow. Antenn# slightly
longer than half the body, the outer joints darker. Thorax twice as wide
as long, margin not flattened. Elytra a little wider than thorax. about a
third longer than wide, surface rather finely and densely punctured. Length
2.5-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common in the northern half; much less
so in the southern portion. April 8-September 19.
1325 (4017). Cypsown papi Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 588.
Ovate, moderately convex, finely pubescent. Piceous or black; elytra
with the tip yellow, the spot sometimes well defined, often extending for-
ward in an irregular stripe; antenne piceous, the basal joints pale; femora
piceous, tibiz pale. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly nar-
rowed in front, surface everywhere very finely and sparsely punctulate.
Elytra wider than the thorax at base, rather densely punctate, very sparsely
pubescent. Length 2 mm.
Lake, Steuben, Knox and Vanderburgh counties; scarce. May
25-August 12. Known by its small size, nearly smooth thorax and
yellow tips of elytra. Those from the northern counties were beaten
from the fiowers of the tall swamp huckleberry.
Family XXXVI. RHIPICERID_E.
Tue Cepar Breeries,
This is a family comprising only two genera and five species, all
of medium or large size, elongate form and black or chestnut-brown
incolor. They are found on plants, the species of Nundalus especially
on cedars. The name of the typical genus Rhipicera ix derived from
two Greek words meaning “‘a fan’ and “horn,” the antenna of cer-
tain males having long, flat processes, which fold like a fan.
THE CEDAR BEETLES. 697
The members of the family are mainly characterized by having
the antenne 11-jointed, inserted before and on the inner side of the
eves, serrate in the females and with fan-like processes (flabellate)
in the males of Nandalus; elytra covering the abdomen, which has
five free ventral segments; front and middle coxe conical, promi-
nent, the former with large trochantins; hind coxe transverse, di-
lated into a small plate partly covering the thighs; tarsi 5-jointed,
claws simple, each pair with a long, hairy pad or cushion (ony-
chium) between them.
The only literature dealing with the North American species is
as follows:
Haldeman.‘ Observations on the Genus Sandalus,’’ in Proc.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1853, 362.
Horn.‘ Notes on Rhipiceridx,’’ in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.,
IX, 1881, 85-86.
KEY TO GENERA OF RHIPICERID-E.
a. Joints of tarsi not lobed; antennze moderately long, serrate in both
sexes. I. ZENOA.
aa. Joints of tarsi lobed; antennze short, serrate in the female, flabellate
in the males. II. SsAnpDALUS.
I. Zexoa Say. 1835. (Gr., ‘‘a stoie.’”’
. - +
In addition to the characters above mentioned this genus may be
known from Sandalus by having the mandibles much smaller, emar-
cinate or bifid at tip; the side pieces of metathorax much narrower.
the epimera not visible. One species occurs in the eastern United
States.
1324 (4020). ZreNoa PICEA Beauv., Ins. Africa and America, 1805, 7.
Elongate-cblong. Uniform dark reddish-or blackish-
brown. Antennse reaching to or slightly beyond the base
of thorax, the joints wide, serrate on the inner side.
Thorax one-third wider than long, front and hind an-
gles pruminent; disk with a small rounded impression on
each side of the middle and another much larger irregu-
lar one at base; surface finely and evenly punctate. Ely- ||
tra each with four raised lines, the first uniting with the |
second on apical third, the others uniting near apex; in-
tervals between the lines marked with large, more or j{
less confluent punctures; a short, oblique raised line on
each side of scutellum. Length 11-15 mm. (Fig. 270.).
Vigo, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. Alay
2-August 3. Occurs beneath logs and bark in dry 5, 970. (after Horn.)
upland woods.
698 FAMILY NXXVL—RIMPICERID.E.
II. Sanpanus Knoch. 1801. (Gr., ‘‘slipper or sandal.’’)
Mandibles large. stout, prominent and toothed on the inner
side near base; antenne but little longer than head; metasternum
short, with wide side pieces and large epimera. Four species are
known. two from Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SANDALUS.
a. Thorax obtusely subangulate behind the middle; elytra but little wider
than thorax. 1325. PETROPHYUS.
aa, Thorax regularly conical; elytra distinctly wider than thorax.
1326. NIGER.
1325 (4021). SANDALUS PETROPHyUS Knoch., Neue Beytr., 1801, 131.
: Elongate, subconvex. Dark
hy : Aw f chestnut brown to black. Thorax
T - / about twice as wide as long; sides
with distinct, rather sharp edges,
Dat subangulate on basal third; surface
Pr densely punctate with fine and
\ = numerous Coarse punctures inter-
}
mingled; median dorsal line fine,
\ slightly impressed. Elytra each with
Hal three faint cost or raised lines; in-
Z 4 tervals very coarsely and reticulate-
ae ly punctured. Male one-third or
b mere smaller than female and with
Fig. 271. a, male; b, female. (Af : : :
1 Be male; Pe lembles. ¢Altee- Horn.) the elytra narrowing, instead of
slightly widened behind the middle, as in the latter sex. Length 12-17 mm.
(Fig. 201.)
Marion and Putnam counties: rare. May 31-August 2. Oc-
eurs beneath bark or on trunks of trees near clumps of red cedars.
Ranges from Pennsylvania to Tllinois.
1326 (4023). Saxpatvs nieer Knoch., loc. cit., p. 140.
Elongate, convex. Black, somewhat shining. Thorax conical, much
narrowed in front; base bisinuate, sides rounded without distinct edges;
median dorsal line distinct; disk with a basal and two lateral impressions,
finely and densely punctulate with very few coarser punctures intermingled.
Klytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, the coste very faint or obsvlete:
punctured as in petrophyus, Length 21-24 mim.
Marion, Putnam and Posey counties: scaree, Ovenrs on cedar
or beneath cover in their vicinity; also on the lower trunks or about
the roots of ash trees in late summer, July 14-October 1.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 699
Family XXXVII. ELATERID.
Cuick Breerues. Spring Beertes. Snapping Bucs. SKIPJACKS.
Every country boy in Indiana has found beneath the bark of
logs or stumps either a big grayish-black beetle an inch or more in
length, or smaller, slender brown ones, which feign death when first
picked up, but, when placed on their backs, after a few seconds give
a click, and spring several inches into the air, turn over in their
descent, alight on their feet and crawl rapidly away. These beetles
are typical representatives of the great family Elateride. This
power of springing into the air when placed on the back is effected
by bending back the head and thorax, thus bringing the prosternal
spine to and slightly above the front edge of a cavity in the meso-
sternum (Fig. 272, ¢c), and at the same time raising the base of
elytra slightly above the surface upon which the beetle is resting;
then by suddenly relaxing the muscles the spine descends with
force into the cavity, causing the base of elytra to strike violently
against the supporting surface, and by their elasticity the whole
body is propelled upwards. To bring about the motion in the
manner indicated there must be a loose articulation, so as to give
free movement between the pro- and mesesternum, and this char-
acter is a prominent one in the majority of the genera of Elateridie.
The hind angles of the thorax are prolonged backward into a point
so as to embrace the base of the elytra, and as the bases of the tho-
rax and elytra slope downwards toward each
other, a slight separation between them is suffi-
cient to permit the freedom of motion necessary
to the upward movement.
The great majority of Elateridx are small or
medium in size; elongate in form, tapering more
or less toward each end; dull brown or blackish
in color and have the surface clothed with a
fine pubescence. They oceur beneath bark, logs
and. stones, or on the foliage of various plants,
most commonly in dry upland localities. The
word ‘later’? means literally a ‘“‘driver or
hurler,’? and refers to the elastic power of Fig. 272.
5 a, antenna in repose;
motion possessed by these beetles. b, antennal groove;
é 2 a Aor ees ' c, tarsal groove;
The principal distinguishing characters of — @ gla:
. r oe é, mesosternal cavity;
the family are the 11-jointed, more or less ser- f, metasternum;
4 g, hind coxal plates.
rate (rarely flabellate or pectinate) antenne, (Original.)
700 PAMILY XXXVIT.—LELATERIDA.
which are inserted in grooves on, or under the margin of the front;
the frequently retracted, sometimes advanced head; elytra covering
the abdomen, which has five free ventral segments; prosternum
long, usually lobed in front, prolonged behind into an acute spine
moving in the mesosternum, the latter short, with a cavity in the
middle for the reception of the prosternal spine (Fig. 272, d and
e); front coxe small rounded, without trochantins, the cavities
open behind; middle coxe small, rounded with distinct trochantins ;
hind coxe transverse. oblique, contiguous, dilated (except rarely)
into a plate covering in part or entirely the thighs (Fig. 272, g):
tarsi 5-jointed, simple or lobed beneath; claws simple, toothed or
pectinated.
All the species of Elateride are vegetable feeders, and are hence
to be classed as injurious, though many -of them feed upon the
juices of rotten wood. The larve are long, narrow, worm-like crea-
tures, very even in width and with a
Z ” hard, brownish or yellowish-white
Fig. 273. (After Forbes.) body covering. (Fig. 273.) They
are commonly known as ‘‘wire-worms,’’ and those species which live
in the ground feed upon seeds and the roots of grasses and grain,
and often do much damage, especially to sprouting corn and other
cereal crops. Working as they do beneath the surface of the
ground, they are exceedingly difficult to destroy. In many of the
more injurious species the larva requires several years to complete
its growth, and when full grown usually changes in late summer
into a pupa in a little cell in the ground. Either the pupa or adult
beetle remains in this cell until spring, and it has been found that
much can be done towards keeping them in check by fall plowing,
which breaks up these cells and exposes the pupw or young adults
to the rigors of winter.
About 7,000 species of Elaterida: are known, more than 560
being listed from the United States,
On account of the large size of the family and the strong general
resemblance of many of the species, their classification is very diffi-
cult, especially to beginners. The genera belonging to the principal
subfamily, the Elaterine, have, for the most part, been treated in
special synopses or monographs, which will be mentioned under the
proper generic headings. The principal works dealing with the
family or the other subfamilies of the North \merican forms are as
follows:
LeConte-—‘ Synopsis of the Euenemides of Temperate North
Ameriea,”’ 7 Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852, 45-49.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 701
Lr Conte.—*‘ Revision of the Elateridew of the United States,’’ in
Trans, Amer. Philos. Soc.. X. 1853, 405-508.
Horn.—* A Monograph of the Species of the Subfamilies Euene-
mine, Cerophytine and Perothopine inhabiting the United
States.’ i Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XIII, 1886. 5-53.
For convenience the family is first divided into subfamilies, and
these, in turn, into tribes and genera. Of the five subfamilies rec-
ognized, representatives of three have been taken in Indiana, while
those of a fourth perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF ELATERID.F.
a Tlind coxie dilated into plates which cover in part or entirely the
thighs; trochanters of middle and hind legs very small.
b. Labrum concealed; antenne somewhat distant from the eyes, their
insertion narrowing the front.
Subfamily I. EtcNeminz, p. 701.
bb. Labrum visible.
ce. Labrum free; antenne arising near the eyes under the frontal mar-
gin. Subfamily II. ELarertn#, p. 713.
cc. Labrum transverse, connate with the front; ventral segments five;
claws serrate. Subfamily III. PEROTHOPINA, p. 772.
aa, Tlind coxe not dilated into plates; trochanters of middle and hind legs
very long; labrum short, transverse, connate with the clypeus; tarsal
claws serrate. Subfamily IV. CeRopHyTIN#&, p. 773.
Subfamily I. EUCNEMINAE.
Head convex, deflexed, and resting against the sternum in re-
pose; labrum absent or very slightly visible; antenne inserted upon
the front at the inner extremity of transverse grooves; prosternum
movable, but less so than in the Elaterine, without a lobe in front.
The majority of the species are rare, and the larvee have a striking
resemblance to those of the family Buprestide, both in form and
habits, being abruptly enlarged in front, and usually occurring in
wood which has just begun to decay. Representatives of twelve of
the 22 genera are known from Indiana, while those of four others
perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUCNEMIN.E.
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi acute; prosternal sutures and side margin
parallel; bases of anteun:e moderately distant.
b. Tibiee broad, compressed; length 6-S mm. I. MELasis.
bb. Tibiee slender; length 4-7 min. II. THAROPs.
ad, Last joint of maxillary palpi dilated; prosternal sutures and margin
converging; bases of antenne close together.
702 FAMILY XXNVII.-—ELATERIDE.
© Under side of thorax with antennal grooves usually sharply limited,
and close to the lateral margin.
d. Prosternal sutures strongly curved; length 6-9 mm.
III. STETHON.
dd. Prosternal sutures straight.
c. Antennal grooves continuing directly from the thorax to the
head.
f. Metasternum with a fine groove, limited by finely elevated
lines, prolonged backward from the outer side of the mid-
dle cox; length 6 mm. EUCNEMIS.
ff. Metasternum without groove.
g. Antennal grooves of thorax wide, usually wider behind ;
length 3-5 mm. IV. DELTOMETOPCS.
gy. Antennal grooves narrow, not wider behind; length 5.5-
8.5 mm. VV. DrRoM SOLUS.
ce, Antennal grooves more or less interrupted by the eyes; antenne
slender; fourth joint of tarsi emarginate and slightly lobed
beneath ; length 7-17 mun. VI. Forwnax.
cc. Under side of thorax without marying? antennal grooves.
nh. Antennal grooves present on under side of thorax close to suture;
side margin of thorax formed hy two finely elevated lines, the
one starting from the front margin and prolonged backward, the
other from the hind angles becoming inferior.
i. Antennal grooves near the suture very short, merely slightly in-
dicated in front; length 3.5-4 mi. ADELOTHYREUS.
ii, Antennal grooves near the suture entire; length 3-6 mm.
j. Second joint of antennz alone small. VII. Muicroruacvs.
jj. Joints two and three of antennie small, moniliform.
ENTOMOPHTHALMUS.
hh. Under side of thorax without antennal grooves; side margin of
thorax single or sometimes nearly obsolete.
hk. Hind coxal plates either parallel or wider on the outer side.
7, Antenne slender, filiform, the third joint much longer than
second; length S-% mm. VIII. HyYLocHares.
i. Antenne biserrate in the female, bipectinate in male; length
6.5 mm. SARPEDON.
kh. Wind coxal plates narrower on the outer side.
m. Muandibles stout, rugose.
n, Last ventral segment prolonged in a point; length 6-9 mm.
IX. NEMATODES.
nn, Last ventral segment obtuse at tip; length 4-5.5 mm.
X. Ilyeocetes.
mm. Mandibles slender, not rugose; side margins of thorax distinct.
o. Clypeus very deeply sinuate each side, so as to appear tri-
lobed; length S mm. XI. Scuizoruivs.
oo. Clypeus regularly curved in front; coxal plates gradually
broader on inner side; last three joints of antennre ab-
ruptly longer; length 9.5-11 mm. XII. PHLEcon.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 703
I. Metasts Oliv. 1790. (Gr., ‘‘black.’’)
Elongate, cylindrical beetles having the antenne distinctly pecti-
nate in male, feebly so in female; prosternal sutures distant and
parallel; no antennal grooves on under side of thorax; hind coxal
plates very broad on inner side, narrow externally; last ventral seg-
ment prolonged. with a slight elevation before the apex. One of the
two known species occurs in Indiana.
1327 (4025). MELASIS PECTINICORNIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 148.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous or black, opaque; sparsely clothed
with very short grayish pubescence; antenne reddish-brown, barely reach-
ing middle of thorax. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrowed be-
hind; sides rather deeply sinuate in front of hind angles, which are acute
and divergent, male; or faintly sinuate, the angles not divergent, female;
disk with a distinct median impressed line, coarsely punctured and with
elevated granules. Elytra slightly narrowing behind the middle, the tips
acute; surface with rather deep, punctured stris; intervals slightly con-
vex, granulate and rugose. Length 6-8 mm.
Posey County; scarce. April 9-April 15. Emerging from bark
of standing beech on the former date; beneath bark of soft maple
on latter. Occurs from Pennsylvania to Texas, but usually rare.
II. TuHarops Cast. 1835. (A mythological name.)
This genus comprises two small species, one of which was de-
eribed by Say from Indiana.
1828 (4027). THarops RUFICORNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI,
1823, 166; ibid. II, 107, 626.
Subcylindrical, slender, slightly narrowed behind the
middle. Piceous black; elytra usually with an elongate,
triangular sutural yellowish space. Antenne and legs
reddish-brown, the former not passing the hind angles
of thorax; those of male with joints 4 to 10 each fur-
nished with a branch as long as the entire antennz,
eleventh joint as Jong as the branch of the tenth, but
stouter. Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly parallel,
hind angles short; disk moderately convex, rather dense-
ly punctured. Wlytra striate, rather densely and roughly
punctured. Last ventral segment acute at tip. Length
4-7 mm. (Fig. 274.) :
Kosciusko, Lawrence, Dubois and Perry coun- Fé Moan x 6.
ties; searece. May 12—June 20. Occurs on beech
and soft maple. Say, after describing this species from Arkansas,
found other specimens near New Harmony, Posey County, and re-
[45—23402]
704 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID&.
described it under the name of Eucnemis obliquus. The males are
rare, but three cf the 21 specimens taken being of that sex.
TI. Sreruon Lee. 1566. (Gr., ‘‘breast.’’)
Medium-sized cylindrical species, having the head convex, deeply
inserted in thorax; antenne reaching base of elvtra. their grooves
deep, narrow, marginal, closed behind; last ventral segment more
or less prolonged at apex.
1229 (4029). SrerHon PEcTorosus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866,
386.
Cylindrical, robust, slightly narrower behind the middle. Uniform brown
or piceous, subopaque. Antenne flattened, first joint stout, as long as the
next three; joints 4 to 10 gradually very little shorter. Head coarsely and
densely punctured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides curved in
front, straight and parallel behind the middle, hind angles obtuse; disk
strongly convex, densely and rather rugosely punctured. Elytra striate;
intervals convex, densely and roughly punctured. Hind tarsi with the
first joint as long as the next four. Length 6-9 mm.
Posey and Crawford counties; rare. June 4-July 1. Occurs
beneath bark of hickory. Known from Ohio, Illinois and Missouri.
Eucnemis anericana Horn, obleng, piceous-black, antenne and
legs brownish, is known from Kentucky and Ohio.
IV. De.romerorpus Bony. 1871. (Gr., ‘‘triangle + forehead.’’)
Small, slender-bodied, black species. having the elytra gradually
narrower to apex and first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next
three. One of the two species has been taken in the State. while the
other doubtless occurs.
1830 (4030). DELTOMETOPUS AMCENICORNIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc,
VI, 1836, 189; ibid. II, 628.
Elongate, moderately convex. Piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence; legs and two basal joints of antennse reddish-
brown. Antenne not quite as long as half the body; joints 5-10 pectinate
in male, serrate in female, the groove distinctly wider behind the middle.
Thorax a little wider than long, narrower in front; sides straight, male,
or widest behind the apex with sides in front curved, female; disk convex,
rather densely punctate. Elytra striate, intervals slightly convex, rather
densely rugosely punctate. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. June 5—July 25. Beaten from
vegetation; more frequently in damp localities.
D. rufipes Melsh., brown or piceous, antenne longer than half
the body, male, filiform in both sexes. length 3.5-5.5 mm., is re-
corded from Canada and Ohio.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 705
V. Dromouvs Kies. 1558. (Gr., ‘‘to run.’’)
Antenne filiform or very feebly serrate; head convex, deeply in-
serted in the thorax; mandibles robust, the exposed surface large
and rugose; antennal grooves deep,.sharply limited, open behind.
One species has been taken in the State, while two others perhaps
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DROMAZOLUS.
a. Clypeus at base half as broad as the apical margin; body above black.
b. Elytra faintly striate; abdomen rather densely and finely punctured ;
pubescence conspicuous. HARRINGTONI.
bb. Elytra without striae; abdomen coarsely punctured; pubescence very
sparse. 1331. CYLINDRICOLLIS.
aa. Clypeus at base very narrow; color above piceous; antenne half as
long as body; elytra not striate. PUSILLUS.
D. harringtom Horn, elongate, length 5.5-6 mm., is recorded
from Ohio; D. pusillus Horn, oblong, length 3.5 mm., was described
from northern Illinois and Texas.
1331 (4033). DRoM&oLUS CYLINDRICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
VI, 1835, 188; ibid. II, 627.
Elongate, moderately convex, slightly narrower behind the middle.
Black, shining, sparsely clothed with inconspicuous yellow hairs. Antenne
piceous, subserrate, not extending beyond hind angles of thorax. Head
coarsely and deeply punctured. Thorax longer than wide, sides straight
and parallel behind the middle, obliquely converging on apical third; me
dian line deeply impressed on basal third; surface rather densely punctate
on sides, less so at middle. Elytra without stri:e, except the sutural, which
extends two-thirds from apex to base; surface rather coarsely but not very
densely punctured. Length 7-8.5 mm.
Kosciusko and Posey counties; rare. June 11—-August 11.
VI. Fornax Lap. 1835. (L., ‘‘a furnace.’’)
Beetles of small or medium size, having the head convex, deeply
inserted; prosternal sutures distinct. slightly divergent; antennal
grooves deep, sharply limited on each side; elytra striate; last
ventral segment obtuse; hind tarsi with the first joint as long as the
others combined, the fourth broader, excavated above and slightly
lobed beneath. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while
two others probably occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF FORNAX.
a. Second joint of antenns as long, or very nearly as long as fourth.
b. Color pale chestnut brown; front without trace of carina between the
eyes. BADIUS.
706 PAMILY SXNVIT.—ELATERIDA.
bb. Color piceous; front with a transverse carina between the eyes.
1332. HORNII,
aa. Second joint of antenne small, not half as long as fourth.
c. Size smaller, not over 6 mm; front with a distinct transverse carina
between the eyes; color piceous. 1333. CALOEATUS,
ce. Size larger, 10 or more mm.; carina wanting.
d. Joints 4 to 8 of antennze serrate, the last three more slender and
not serrate. MOLESTUS.
dd. Joints 4 to 10 serrate, the last joint alone slender.
1334. ORCHESIDES.
F. badius Melsh., length 8-11 mm., is said to occur from Penn-
sylvania to Illinois; F. molestus Bonv., dark reddish-brown, length
13 mm., is recorded from Cincinnati.
1332 (4042). Fornax norwit Bonv., Eucn., 1875, 891.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark chestnut brown to piceous, feebly
shining, the thorax usually darker than elytra. Antennze feebly serrate,
a little longer than head and thorax, which are coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Base of clypeus less than a third the width of its apex and less
than half the distance to the eyes. Thorax as long as wide, sides parallel
on basal half, arcuate and narrowing in front of middle. Elytra striate,
faintly at middle, more deeply at sides, densely and subrugosely punctate.
Hind coxal plates abruptly brouder at middle. Length 7-8 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; scarce. May 1-May 18. Occurs in
half rotten wood of clm and other logs. Resembles calceatus but
more robust, with larger second joint of antenne and more abruptly
dilated hind coxal plates.
1333 (4041). Fornax catceatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
188 ; ibid. II, 626.
Oblong, moderately convex. Dark brown or piceous. feebly shining,
sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs. Antenne nearly half as long as
body, slender, the grooves deep and sharply limited. Head and thorax
coarsely, deeply and roughly punctured; the latter longer than wide, dis-
tinctly narrower in front, sides straight behind the middle. Elytra nar-
rowed at apical third, faintly striate, coarsely and rather densely punctate.
Hind coxal plates gradually but rather widely dilated. Length 5-6 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; searee, April 16-May 29. Be-
neath bark of beech and oak.
1834 (4044). ForNax orcHESIDES Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 384.
Oblong, moderately elongate, slightly narrower behind, convex. Dark
reddish-brown to piceous, feebly shining. Antenne slightly compressed,
extending a little beyond the hind angles of thorax. Head and thorax
coarsely and densely punctured; the latter as long as wide, sides feebly
narrowed behind the middle, obliquely narrowed to the front on apical
THE CLICK BEETLES. 707
half; median impression distinct on basal third, a small fovea each side
of scutellum on basal margin. Elytra distinctly striate, intervals slightly
convex, punctuation dense, finer than on the thorax; epipleura flat, roughly
punctate. Length 11-16 mm.
Wells County; rare. July 14. Collected by E. B. Williamson.
Our largest species of the subfamily.
Adelothyreus dejeani Bonv., elongate, slender, piceous, was de-
seribed from Maryland, and has been recorded from near Cin-
cinnati.
VII. MicrorHagus Esch. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘small + fissure.’’)
Small elongate beetles having the body sparsely clothed with
short yellowish or brownish pubescence; antenn at least one half
as long as body, second joint small, third nearly as long as the next
two, 4 to 10 serrate, sometimes pectinate in the male; antennal
grooves entire, located near the middle of under side of thorax.
Nine species are known from North America, five of which have
been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. They live
on dead timber, where they are to be found running about in the
‘sunshine or resting in crevices during cloudy or stormy weather.
The ‘‘ posterior supplementary carina’’ mentioned in the key to spe-
cies is a raised line beginning at the tip of the hind angles of thorax
beneath, and extending forward more or less sinuously.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MICRORHAGUS.
a. Hind coxal plates parallel, not dilated near the cox; posterior sup-
plementary carina nearly entire.
-b. Prosternum prolonged and acute at tip; outer carina of antennal
groove obliterated behind the middle; elytra usually reddish at
base. 1335, HUMERALIS.
bb. Prosternum obtuse at tip; outer carina of antennal groove entire;
elytra uniform black. 1336. BONVOULOIRI.
aa. Hind coxal plates dilated near the coxe, narrow on the outer side.
c. Thorax with a fine raised line beginning on the apical margin near
front angles, and extending obliquely backward, but not reaching
the middle; antennz of male not pectinate.
d. Posterior supplementary carina very short; outer carina of an-
tennal groove much abbreviated behind; disk of thorax not im-
pressed at middle. 1337. IMPERFECTUS.
dd. Posterior carina extending at least to the middle of thorax, some-
times longer.
e. Episterna of metathorax very narrow in front, broader behind.
f. Thorax without a carina in front of scutellum, the median
line impressed on basal half. SUBSINUATUS.
708 FAMILY XXXVI.
ELATERID AG,
ff. Thorax with a distinct though fine carina in front of scu-
tellum, without median impressed line, the sides parallel
or slightly wider in front. 1838. TRIANGULARIS.
ec. Episterna of metathorax broad and parallel; disk of thorax
deeply impressed at middle. IMPRESSICOLLIS.
ce. Thorax with raised line reaching the middle; antenne of male pec-
tinate; posterior supplementary carina entirely wanting.
1339. PECTINATUS.
1835 (4049). MuicrRorHAGUS HUMERALIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI,
1886, 189; ibid. II, 628.
Cylindrical, moderately robust. Piceous, subopaque; elytra reddish at
base; antennz and legs reddish-brown. Antenne half as long as body and
serrate, male, shorter and not serrate, female. Thorax longer than wide,
sides parallel, curved near front angles; hind angles short, carinate; disk
with a faint median line, coarsely, densely and roughly punctate. Elytra
vaguely striate, intervals slightly convex, surface punctured like thorax.
Length 4-6 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 26. Probably throughout the State.
The extent of red at base of elytra varies from a narrow space to
one third or more. The front and hind margins of the thorax are
often reddish.
1336 (10,029). MicrorHaGUS BONVOULOIRI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc,
XIII, 1886, 35.
Moderately elongate, rather slender. Piceous black, moderately shin-
ing; antenne, tibie and tarsi reddish-brown. Antennze more than half the
length of body, slightly serrate in the male. Thorax as long as wide, sides
parallel, rounded near the front angles, hind angles carinate; surface
coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Elytra vaguely striate, punc-
tures as on thorax but less dense. Length 34.5 mm.
Kosciusko County; scarce. July 11. Smaller and more slender
than humeralis, and with a longer thorax.
1337 (4051). MuicrorHacuUs IMPERFECTUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
VI, 1852, 48.
Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, feebly shining; an-
tenn and legs reddish-brown, the tarsi paler. Thorax as long as wide,
sides parallel behind, curved at apical third; disk coarsely-but not densely
punctured, with a median impressed line on basal half. Antennal groove
deep, the outer carina reaching barely more than one-half from apex to
base. Elytra substriate, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Length
5-5.5 mm.
Vigo and Jefferson counties; rare. June 7—July 15. One of
the two specimens at hand was taken from the leaves of milkweed.
Both have a distinct rounded fovea on each side of thorax near the
middle.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 709
M. subsinuatus Lec., piceous or nearly black, posterior supple-
mentary carina very long, length 3.5-5 mm., is recorded from Can-
ada, Ohio and Virginia; M. impressicollis Bonv., reddish-brown,
length 5.5-6.5 mm., is a southern species recorded by Dury from
near Cincinnati.
1338 (4055). MickoRHAGUS TRIANGULARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 170; ibid. II, 110, 628.
Elongate-oblong, slender, narrower behind the middle. Piceous or
black, feebly shining; antennze and legs brownish. Antenne feebly ser-
rate, one-half, female, or three-fourths, male, the length of body. Thorax
nearly as wide as long, sides straight and parallel, hind angles carinate,
disk rather coarsely and densely punctured. Posterior supplementary
carina reaching the middle of thorax. Elytra obsoletely striate, closely
and roughly punctate. Length 3-4 mm.
Koscuisko, Marion and Posey counties; scaree. May 1—July 11.
1839 (4054). MicrorHacus PECTINATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1866, 387.
Elongate-oblong, slightly narrowed behind the middle. Piceous, mod-
erately shining; legs brownish, tibiz and tarsi paler. Antenne two-thirds
the length of body and pectinate, male; one-half the length of body, acutely
serrate, female. Thorax wider than long, sides parallel, rounded in front,
hind angles finely carinate; surface rather coarsely but not densely punc-
tured. Antennal grooves slightly wider behind, the outer carina entire,
extending to hind angles of thorax. Elytra as wide at base as thorax,
vaguely striate, densely and coarsely punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. April 20-May 1. Oc-
eurs in partially rotten elm and other logs.
Entomophthalmus rufiolus Lec., pale reddish-brown, antenne
nearly as long as body, second and third joints very small, together
shorter than fourth, length 4 mm., is known from Ohio and Illinois.
VIII. Hynocmarrs Latr. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘forest + rejoice.’’)
Small robust species, having the antenne short, not passing hind
angles of thorax, joints 4-10 equal, as broad as long; clypeus nar-
rowed at base, trilobed in front; hind coxal plates parallel; first
joint of hind tarsi as long as the next two, lobed beneath.
1840 (4067). HyLocHARES NIGRICORNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IIT, 1823, 165; ibid. II, 107.
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, feebly shining; apical and sometimes
basal margins of thorax reddish. Head and thorax coarsely, densely and
deeply punctured. Thorax broader than long, sides curved on apical half;
disk with a deep and broad median line and an oblique impression near
hind angles. Elytra deeply striate, striae coarsely punctured; intervals
finely and rugosely punctate. Length 8-9 mm.
710 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
Crawford County; rare. June 5. Taken from decaying beech
log. Known heretofore only from Ohio.
Sarpedon scabrosus Bonv., black, apical margin
of thorax reddish, length 6.5 mm., is known from
Canada, Tennessee and Nebraska. (Fig. 275.)
IX. Nemaropss Latr. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘thread-like.’’)
Elongate, cylindrical species, having the anten-
ne filiform; mandibles rather broad and coarsely
punctured; prosternal sutures straight; hind coxal
plates widely dilated on inner side; fourth joint of
Fig. 275. Sarpedon seab- tarsi excavate-emarginate and slightly lobed be-
rosus Bonv. (After Horn.) th
eath.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEMATODES.
a. Joints 4, 5 and 6 of antenne distinctly longer than wide, and very little
shorter than the following joints. 1341. ATROPOS.
aa. Joints 4 and 5 small, not longer than wide, 7 to 11 equal, rather ab-
ruptly longer.
b. Sixth joint of antennse not longer than fifth, distinctly shorter than
the seventh ; size smaller, not over 6 mm. 1342. PENETRANS.
bb. Sixth joint of antenne as long as seventh, distinctly longer than
fifth; size 8 or more mm. 1343. COLLARIS.
1341 (4058). NemaTopES aTropos Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
187; ibid. II, 626.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark brown, almost black, subopaque; an-
tenne and legs reddish-brown. Antenne slightly less than half the length
of body, second joint longer than fourth, third nearly equal to the next
two, 4 to 11 gradually longer, each longer than wide. Thorax distinctly
longer than wide, widest one-third from apex, hind angles acute; disk
slightly flattened at middle, median line impressed nearly to apex, a more
or Jess distinct fovea on each side; surface densely and rugosely punctate.
Elytra gradually narrowed from base to apex, surface striate; intervals
flat. densely but less coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 6.5-9 mm.
Wells County; scarce. Collected hy E. B. Williamson. July 1.
Described from Posey County.
1842 (4059). NeMATODES PENETRANS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI,
1852, 47.
Elongate, subcylindrical, slender. Dark brown or piceous, feebly shin-
ing; antennre and legs reddish-brown. Antennm less than half the length
of body, second joint longer than fourth, third as long as the next two, four,
five and six, short; seven to eleven each as long as third. Thorax dis-
tinctly longer than wide, sides at apical third narrowing to the front, basal
two-thirds straight and parallel; disk with a distinct median impression
THE CLICK BEETLES. 711
extending two-thirds from base to apex and a subobsolete fovea on each
side slightly in front of middle. Elytra distinctly striate; intervals flat,
densely but not rugosely punctate. Length 6 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 27. Occurs from Canada to Georgia.
1343 (——-). NermatTopes cotiaris Bonv., Monog. Eucn., 1875, 6638.
Elongate, subcylindrical, moderately robust. Piceous, feebly shining;
legs paler. Antenne slightly more than one-third the length of body; sec-
ond and fourth joints subequal, third slightly longer, double the length of
fifth ; sixth to eleventh equal, slightly longer than third. Thorax and ely-
tra nearly as in penelrans, the former with median line more deeply im-
pressed and visible nearly to apex, the fovea each side deep, distinct; sur-
face more coarsely punctate. Length 9 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 1. This species was named for me
by Chas. Dury, who has taken nine of them near Cincinnati. It
was not included in Horn’s Monograph of the Subfamily and was
described from Brazil, South America, by Bonvouloiri, who also
gave ‘‘La., N. A.,’’ as a doubtful locality. Mr. Dury identified it
from a translation of the original description and his identification
was afterwards verified by comparison with the type.
X. Hypocanus Esch. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘beneath + hollow.’’)
Small oblong species having the antenne filiform; elytra striate ;
first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three, the fourth joint
not dilated or lobed beneath. One of the two known species was
described from Indiana and the other probably occurs.
1844 (4056). Hypoca~tus Frontosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI,
1836, 187; ibid. II, 625.
Oblong, slightly attenuate behind. Piceous black, antenne and legs
reddish-brown. Antenne less than half the length of body, second joint
shorter than fourth, third longer, fourth to tenth very gradually longer
and slightly broader, eleventh oval, acute at tip, very little longer than
tenth. Front of head with a distinct transverse ridge, clypeus concave.
Thorax a little wider than long, median line distinctly impressed its en-
tire length, surface very densely and rugosely punctate. Elytra distinctly
striate, intervals flat, punctured as the thorax. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Say’s types came from near New Harmony, Posey County.
Dury has taken it and also the other species, ferminalis Lec., near
Cineinnati. The latter is distinguished by having the terminal joint
of antenne longer than the preceding, the front with a fine longi-
tudinal carina, clypeus flat, median thoracic line less impressed.
Both species oceur on dead hickory.
712 FAMILY XXXViI.—ELATERIDA.
XI. ScuizopHinus Bonv. 1875. (Gr., ‘‘cleave + love.’’)
The only member of this genus has the antenne passing but
slightly the base of thorax, first joint stout, second one-third as long,
third one-half longer than second and nearly equal to the next two,
four to ten very gradually longer and broader, 11th one-half longer
than tenth and acute at tip; prosternal sutures straight, well
marked; hind coxal plates broad, triangular; first joint of hind
tarsus as long as the next three.
1345 (4061). ScHiIzorHILUs suBRUFUS Rand., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., II,
1838, 38.
Oblong, narrow, subdepressed. Pale reddish-brown, feebly shining,
sparsely pubescent. Thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides
straight, hind angles acute, not carinate, surface coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Elytra finely striate; intervals flat, each with two rows of rugose
punctures. Length 8 mm.
A single specimen in Dury’s collection from Marion County.
Taken from the trunk of a beech. <A rare species, known only from
New York and Canada.
XII. Puuizcon Lap. 1835. (A mythological name.)
Oblong brown beetles having the antenne slightly shorter than
half the body, with second joint small, third shorter than half the
first and nearly as long as the next two, four to eight small, last
three joints much longer and broader, the eleventh longest; anten-
nal grooves absent; hind coxal plates very broad on inner side; tarsi
slender, first joint of middle and hind pairs as long as the next
three; the joints not lobed beneath. One of the two species has
been taken in Indiana. The other, P. ulhci Horn, dark brown,
with thorax parallel behind, length 9.5-10 mm.. was described from
Ohio.
1346 (4063). PHLEGON HETEROCERUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., VI, 1836,
186; ibid. II, 624.
Oblong-elongate, more obtuse in front, gradually narrowed behind.
Light reddish-brown, feebly shining. Head coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Thorax onethird wider than long, gradually narrowed from base
to apex; disk convex with a vague median line on basal half; surface
rather closely but not coarsely punctate. Elytra distinctly but finely stri-
ate; intervals slightly convex, densely but more finely and roughly punc-
tate than thorax. Length 10-11 mm.
Represented hy a single specimen taken from beneath bark near
Fountain, Fountain County. Described from Posey County.
Known elsewhere only from Maryland and Pennsylvania and very
rare in collections.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 713
Subfamily Il. ELATERINAE.
The click beetles belonging to this subfamily have the antenne
widely separated and inserted in small pits before the eyes and
under the margin of the front; head usually horizontal, with the
mouth in front; mandibles small and retracted; middle cox with a
small but distinct trochantin; tibie slender in all the genera. The
subfamily is divided into five tribes, three of which are represented
in Indiana, while a single species of another probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF ELATERINA.
a. Antenne in repose received in deep grooves on the under side of thorax.
(Fig. 272, b.) Tribe I. AGRYPNINI, p. 713.
aa. Antenne not received in grooves on prosternum.
b. Meso- and metasterna firmly united without visible suture; size very
large. Tribe II. CHALCOLEPIDIINI, p. 716.
bb. Mesosternal suture distinct.
c. First joint of antennz very long.
Tribe ITI. Hemirnrrrnt, p. 718.
cc. First joint of antennz moderate; apex of mandibles obtuse or
emarginate. Tribe IV. ELaTeRIni, p. 718.
Tribe I. AGRYPNINI.
Medium sized elongate-oblong, subdepressed beetles, usually oc-
curring beneath the bark of dead trees. They are easily recog-
nized by the distinct antennal grooves lying alongside the prosternal
sutures. The base of under side of thorax is also deeply grooved
for the reception of the front femora. In front of these is often an
additional groove for the tarsi. When the three sets of grooves are
present the prosternum presents a very remarkable sculptured ap-
pearance. (Fig. 272, 6 and c.) The mandibles are emarginate or
toothed at tip; antenne serrate; tarsal joints slightly dilated be-
neath but not lobed. Two of the four genera are represented in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF AGRYPNINI.
a. Antennal grooves occupying the whole, or nearly the whole of the pro-
sternal suture (Fig. 272, b); third joint of antennz equal to the
fourth. XIII. ADELOCERA.
aa. Antennal grooves much abbreviated behind; front tarsi received in
grooves; third joint of antenne smaller than fourth. XIV. Lacon.
XII. AprLocera Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘invisible + horn.’’)
The principal characters of this genus have been set forth under
the tribe heading and in the above key. Our species are coarsely
punctured above and beneath and have a portion or all of the upper
714 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID..
surface covered with small oblong scale-like hairs. Five species
have been taken in the State, while two others perhaps occur. For
a table separating the North American species see:
Horn.—tTrans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, Appendix, XIV-XV.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ADELOCERA.
a. Front tarsi in repose received in grooves on the under side of the tho-
rax. (Vig. 272, c.)
b. Tarsal grooves deep, oblique, distinctly limited, uniting behind with
the antennal grooves. (Fig. 272, b and c.)
c. Punctures of elytra in regular rows; impression of thorax shallow.
1347. IMPRESSICOLLIS.
cc. Punctures of elytra dense, not in rows; impression of thorax dis-
tinct; surface of elytra irregularly spotted with brown and dull
yellow scales. 1348. MARMORATA.
bb. Tarsal grooves feebly impressed, neither distinctly limited nor join-
ing the antennal grooves. .
d. Head and sides of thorax densely covered with closely appressed
golden yellow scales. 1849. DISCOIDEA.
dd. Head and thorax without yellow scales; elytra spotted with brown
and dull yellow. MACULATA.
aa. Tarsal grooves entirely absent.
e. Disk of elytra convex; thorax feebly channeled; antennal grooves
long, reaching the cox. 1350. AVITA.
ce. Disk of elytra depressed; thorax broadly channeled; antennal
grooves abbreviated behind.
f. Impression of thorax. entire, extending from base to apex; hind
angles divergent. 1351. OBTECTA.
ff. Impression of thorax limited to basal half; hind angles not di-
vergent, compressed and feebly carinate; antenne very short.
BREVICORNIS.
1347 (4071). ADELOCERA IMPRESSICOLLIS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,
I, 1825, 260; ibid. I, 394; II, 619.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely covered
with short, curved yellow hairs. Thorax oblong, disk convex, with an in-
distinct median sulcus and two shallow fovese each side near base, sides
nearly parallel, sinuate near hind angles, which are oblique and rather
short; surface densely, coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra with regu-
lar rows of coarse, close, deep punctures. Under surface punctured like
the thorax. Length 9-11.5 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; Fulton County, scarce. April
12-November 10.
1348 (4072). ApELOCERA MARMORATA Fah., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 227.
Elongate, robust, rather strongly depressed: Dark reddish-brown, sub-
opaque; sparsely covered with dull yellow scales which, on the elytra,
form irregular blotches. Thorax as long as wide, disk subconvex, with a
THE CLICK BEETLES. 715
deep median sulcus; sides nearly straight, surface densely and coarsely
punctured. Elytra gradually but feebly narrowed from base to tip, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Length 15-17.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Occurs beneath bark of dead
trees. usually in low, damp wocds. Often gregarious. April 4-
August 10. Our largest and broadest species of the genus.
*1349 (4076). ADELOCERA DISCOIDEA Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 77.
Oblong, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining; head and broad margin
of thorax densely covered with narrow golden yellow scales. Thorax ob-
long, with a rather deep median sulcus; sides nearly straight, curved on
apical fourth; surface. as well as that of elytra, densely and coarsely punc-
tured. Tarsal groove long, shallow, parallel to the antennal groove. Length
S-11 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 18—Deceinber 20.
Hibernates beneath bark and logs; most common in April and May.
A, maculata Lee., black, length 13 mm., is recorded from near
Cincinnati. Dury has also wrongly recorded A. aurorata Say from
there, the specimens being avita. A. brevicornis Lec., sooty-brown,
thickly and irregularly blotched with whitish scales. length 14-17
mm., is known from Michigan and Wisconsin.
1850 (4080). ADELOcERA AVITA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836, 182;
ibid. II, 620.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely covered
with elongate yellow scales; legs and antennse paler. Thorax oblong, con-
vex, sides sinuate in front of hind angles, thence slightly curved to apex;
disk distinctly sulcate on basal half, often with a shallow rounded fovea
each side near base. Elytra convex, irregularly and densely but less
coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 12-14 mm.
Putnam and Crawford counties; searce. July 1-July 2. De-
seribed from Posey County. Resembles impressicollis but larger,
more convex, and with tarsal grooves wholly absent.
1351 (4081). ADELOCERA oBTECTA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
181; ibid. II, 618.
Elongate. subdepressed. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown, with
sparse, widely scattered pale scales. Thorax oblong, sides feebly curved
from near hind angles to apex, margins rather broadly flattened; disk with
a wide and deep median groove, hind angles rather broad and distinctly
divergent. Elytra with two indistinct elevated lines on basal half, one of
which extends hevond the middle; surface. as that of thorax, densely and
coarsely punctured. Length 15 mm.
Steuben and Marshall countics; rare. A northern species which
belongs to the Transition life zone of the State. July 6-July 30.
716 FAMILY XNXVIL—SLATERIDAE.
Readily known by the dark color, distinct ridges on each side of
median groove of thorax, and absence of tarsal grooves. Known
only from Maine, Vermont and Pennsylvania.
XIV. Lacon Lap. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘short,’’ referring to the antennal
grooves. )
This genus differs from Adeloccra by its shorter and propor-
tionally broader form and by having the antennal grooves very
much shortened behind; second and third joints of antenne sub-
equal and much smaller than those which follow; tarsal grooves
oblique, shallow and subobsolete.
*1852 (4085). Lacon RECTANGULARIS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825,
263; ibid. I, 397.
Oblong, subdepressed. Dull sooty brown, sparsely
clothed with short, suberect, stiff whitish hairs, those
of the elytra in a double row on each interval. An-
tenn paler, reaching only two-thirds to base of tho-
rax; legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, con-
vex, rapidly narrowing before the middle, hind angles
rectangular, sides rounded, front margin finely cre-
nate; disk convex, without trace of a median im-
pressed line, densely and coarsely punctured. Blytra
with rows of rather distant medium sized punctures;
intervals flat, wider than the strie. Length 8-9.5 mm.
(Fig. 276.)
Fig. 276. X 5. (Original.) Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. ex-
cept locally in Vigo County, where it was found rather abundantly
on the slope of a high sandy ridge, five miles north of Terre Haute.
Here it hibernated beneath chips and chunks. January 1—Decem-
ber 12.
Tribe II. CHALCOLEPIDIINI.
To this tribe belong our largest click beetles. In addition to the
characters mentioned in tribal key, they have the hind coxal plates
gradually dilated on inner side and strongly toothed at the inser-
tion of thighs;' mandibles with tips entire, but not prolonged ;
tarsi not lobed but very densely pubescent beneath and claws simple.
Two genera compose the tribe, one of which is represented through-
out Indiana, while the single species of the other perhaps oceurs in
the southern portion,
THE CLICK BEETLES. 717
KEY TO GENERA OF CHALCOLEPIDIINI.
a. Thorax without large velvety black spots; scutellum obcordate; margin
of elytra obsolete on basal half; antennze of male pectinate.
CHALCOLEPIDIUS.
aa. Thorax with two large velvety black spots on disk; scutellum oval; ely-
tra strongly margined. XV. ALATS.
Chaleolepidius viridipilis Say. black, densely clothed with mi-
nute olive-gray scales. length 22.5 mm., occurs in the Middle and
Southern States and is recorded from Cincinnati.
XV. AxLats Esch. 1536. (Gr., ‘“‘wander.’’)
The characters of this genus are sufficiently set forth above.
Two of the five known North American species occur in Indiana.
1353 (4093). ALAUs octLaTUs Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 651.
Elongate, subconvex. Black, shining; marked with
small, irregularly disposed blotches of pale silvery
scales; each side of thorax with a large rounded black
eye-like spot surrounded by a ring of pale scales. Ely-
tra distinctly striate; intervals convex, finely and
sparsely punctulate. Length 2S-45 mm. (Fig. 277.)
Throughout the State; frequent in the south-
ern portion; less so in the northern counties.
March 16-October 21. This is the best known
member of the family in the State. The adult
usually begins io occur in numbers about mid-
April and is then to be found beneath the loose
bark of half-rotten stumps or logs, in orchards
or dry, open woodland. I once took a single
male from beneath some honeycomb in a dense woods in Marion
County on Mareh 16. It was as lively as though it were midsum-
mer, though the mercury had been far below the freezing point
only two days before. The larva, when nearly full grown, is a
smooth cylindrical worm nearly two and a half inches long and
four-fifths of an inch wide across the middle of the body; of a
creamy yellow color, with the head and one or two front segments
brown and the last segment black. with a semicireular notch at
end. It lives upon and in decaying wood and is often to be found
in the trunks of old apple trees.
Fig. 277. (After Harris.)
1354 (4094). ALAts myops Fabr., Syst. Bleut., II. 1801, 222.
Elongate, suhconvex. Black. feebly shining. sparsely clothed with
irregular pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, feebly convex, slightly
wider in front; disk with eye-like spots narrow, elliptical, black. smaller
ELATER EDA.
T18 FAWILY XNXXVII.
than in oculatus, their margins of grayish hairs indistinct. Elytra finely
but distinctly striate, densely and finely granulate-punctate. Length 24-
5S mim.
Pine, Lake County; rare. June 6. One specimen taken by
Wolcott from beneath bark of pine. Coramon in the Southern
States; rare north of the Ohio River.
Tribe III. HEMIRHIPINT.
This tribe is represented in the eastern United States by the
single species emirhipus fascicularis Fab., a large black beetle,
having the elytra dull vellow. varied with sinall dusky spots and
densely clothed with short brown pubescence; length 19 mm. It
has been taken near Cincinnati anci should be looked for in sonth-
ern Indiana.
Tribe IV. ELATERINI.
By far the larger number of our native click beetles belong to
this tribe. The 3% genera which compose it differ widely in various
peculiarities of structure, but all agree in having the prosternum
devoid of antennal grooves; mesosternal suture distinct; side pieces
of metathorax narrow and the mandibles short, never extending
far beyond the labrum. In order to shorten the generic kevs. the
tribe is divided into two subtribes, defined as follows:
KEY 10 SUBTRIBES OF ELATERINI.
a. Hind coxal plates suddenly dilated about the middle, the outer part
much narrower than the inuer. Subtribe A. ELaterinr. p. 71S.
aa. Hind coxal plates gradually, sometimes scarcely, dilated on the inner
side. Subtribe B. CoryMpitrni, p. 737.
Subtribe A. (ELATERINT.)
In addition to the suddenly dilated plates of hind coxse. the
members of this subtribe have a strong tooth at the insertion of the
thighs; the prosternum lobed in front; mandibles emarginate or
toothed at tips; tarsal claws very rarely serrate. Of the 19 genera
composing the subtribe representatives of fourteen have been taken
in Indiana, while those of one other donbtless oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ELATERINT.
a. Margin of the front elevated behind the labrum ; size small or medium
rarely over 14 mm.
>. Prosternal spine truncate at apex. fitting like a wedge into the deeply
cleft notch of mesosternum; scutellum heart-shaped.
c. Yarsi simple, net lobed beneath.
d. Marginal line on side of thorax becoming inferior, not visible
from above; body winged, elytra free. XVI. CarpropHorts,
THE CLICK BETTE EB. 719
dd. Marginal line of thorax, strictly lateral, visible from above
throughout its full length; elytra yellow, with black crossbur ;
length less than 5 mim. XVIJ. TWoristonotvus.
ce. Varst with fourth joint lobed beneath; length 7 mim.
XVIII. IsraHesorcs.
6b. Prosternal spine acute at apex; seulellum oval.
e. Prosternum very broud, sutures single, straight or convex on outer
side. : :
f. Varsal claws simple; Gorsi of moderate length, clothed with stiff
hairs.
gy Prosternal satures straight, either parallel or converging very
Jillle behind the middle; side pieces of mesothorax reaching
the middle coxie; length over 5 mm.
XIX. CryPToHyrenes.
gy. Prosternal sutures curved and very evidently converging be-
hind the middle; side pieces of mesothorax not reaching the
coxie; smaller, Jess than 5 mm.; elytra usually with yellow
spots. XX. IJlypnorpus.
ff. Tarsal claws with a tooth at middle; tarsi long, pubescent; uni-
form piccous black. XXII. CiposterHus.
ec, Prosternum of moderate width, sutures double, either straight or
concuve on outer side.
h. One or more of the tarsal joints lobed beneath.
i Second joint of tarsi without lobes.
j. Third joint alone lobed, XXII. ANCHASTUS.
ji. Yourth joint alone lobed. XXIIL = MoNocrReEPIpIus,
di, Second and third joints of tarsi with Jong lobes; color brown;
length 10 or more mm.
hk. Mesosternum horizontal; frout of head with two erests unit-
ing ubove with frontal margin. XXIV. Dicreprprus.
kk. Mesostermum oblique; front of head not crested.
XXV. Isci110opon'rus.
Ah. Varsul joints not lobed beneath.
t, Prosternal sutures excavated in front; joints 1 to 4 of tarsi
gradually increasing in Jength, ciliate beneath 5 color usually
variegated, XXXVI. LATER.
UW. Prosternal sutures not exenvated in front,
mw. Third joint of antennze longer than second.
XXVIT. Drasrerrus,
mm. Second and third joints of anteniue small, equal,
MEGAPENTHES.
wa. Margin of the front net elevated behind the labrum; size larger, 15 or
more mm. in Jength.
nw, Sides of inesosternal cavily sloping downward, not prominent; ely-
{ra black, XXVIII. Luprus.
wn. Sides of mesosternal cavity profuberant, prominent; color brown.
XXIX. ORTHOSTETHUS.
[46- 23402 |
720 FAMILY XXNVIT.—ELATERIDA,
XVI. CarpropHorvs Esch. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘heart + bearing.’’)
Small convex species, clothed with more or less abundant, pros-
trate pubescence. The antenne usually vary considerably in the
two sexes, those of the male longer and with joints 3 to 10 broader
in the middle than in the female; scutellum distinctly heart-shaped,
emarginate at base. The North American species are treated by
Blanchard.—‘‘ Revision of the species of Cardiophorus Esch. of
America North of Mexico,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., XVI,
1889, 1-27.
In this paper 31 species are recognized, three of which have
been taken in Indiana, while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARDIOPHORUS.
a. Thorax with hind angles obliquely truncate; elytra each usually with
two yellow spots; hind margin of side pieces of prosternum straight.
1355. CARDISCE.
ad, Thorax with hind angles produced and carinate; elytra without spots;
hind margins of side pieces of prosternum with a deep notch next to
the outer angle.
b. Sides of mesosternal cavity prominent and nearly vertical in front;:
upper surface densely covered with short prostrate yellowish hairs;
legs reddish-yellow. 1356. CONVEXUS.
bb. Sides of mesosternal cavity not prominent, oblique in front.
c. Second joint of antennze longer than wide and more than one-half
as long as third.
d. Prosternal process margined behind the cox; pubescence of
upper surface sparse; legs wholly black. 1857. GAGATES,
dd. Prosternal process not margined behind the cox; tarsi reddish-
brown. CONVEXULUS.
ec. Second joint of antennze small, one-half as long as third; pro-
sternal spine distinctly margined; surface feebly bronzed.
ROBUSTUS.
1355 (4104). CarpIoPHORUS CARDISCE Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI.
1836, 169; ibid. II, 604.
Hlongate, convex. Black, rather thickly clothed with short grayish
pubescence; elytra each with a yellow spot before the middle and another
before the apex; these variable in size and shape, sometimes wholly lack-
ing, the front one sometimes extending obliquely forward to the humerus;
legs black, knees and tarsi reddish-yellow. Thorax very convex, slightly
longer than wide, sides rounded, less narrowed behind than in front. Ely-
tral strie punctate; intervals feebly convex, punctulate. Body beneath
shining, punctulate with finer and coarser punctures intermingled. Length
5.5-7.5 mm.
Frequent beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan.
May 13—June 15.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 721
1356 (4097). Carproporus convexts Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
ITT, 1828, 169; ibid. II, 110.
Elongate, subconvex. Dark sooty brown or piceous, shining; legs and
two basal joints of antenne reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide,
widest.at middle, strongly convex, narrowed in front; hind margin with
a short groove each side, tridentate at middle; disk very finely and evenly
punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, gradually tapering from base to apex,
striate, the strie punctate; intervals slightly convex, very finely punctulate.
Body beneath clothed with fine brownish pubescence, closely punctulate.
Length 8-10 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 7-July 26. Frequents
leaves and branches of various shrubs in May and June, and then
one of the most common Elaters taken by beating.
1357 (4109). CarpropHorus Gacates Erichs., Zeitschr., II, 297.
Oblong, rather stout, convex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with
fine grayish pubescence. Antenne stout, strongly serrate in male, joints 3
to 6 one-half longer than wide. Thorax very convex, slightly longer than
wide, sides strongly rounded; base tridentate at middle and with a short
groove each side; surface densely and finely punctate. Elytra either sub-
parallel or narrowed and rounded from the humeri, striate, punctate; in-
tervals convex and finely punctulate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Northern half of State. frequent; Lawrence and Posey counties
only in the south. April 21-Angust 15.
C. converulus Lec., black, shining. length 7.2-10 mm., is known
from Canada, New England and Ohio; C. robustus Lec., stout,
black, feebly bronzed, legs reddish-brown, length 7-10 mm., ranges
from Massachusetts to Texas.
XVII. Horisronotus Cand. 1860. (QGv., ‘‘defined + back.’’)
Small slender species. having the margin of thorax well defined,
the edge running along the suture which divides the dorsal from
the pectoral region.
1358 (4129). HoristonoTus cuRIATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI,
1836, 173; ibid. II, 609.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous, feebly shining; legs, antennse and
elytra dull reddish-yellow, the latter with a blackish crossbar at middle
which extends narrowly along the margin to apex. Antennée slender, very
little longer than thorax, feebly serrate. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
narrower at apex than at base, sides feebly curved, disk convex, sparsely
punctate, bind margin with a short groove each side near the spines. Tly-
tra not wider at base than thorax, feebly narrowing to apex, deeply striate,
strim punctate; intervals convex, sparsely punctulate. Tarsal claws den-
tate from the middle to the base. Length 4-4.5 mm.
722 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDE.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. April 22-November
20. On leaves of May apple, Podophyllum peltatum L., and other
herbs in May and June.
XVIII. Estuesorus Esch. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘vestiture + foot.’’)
Side margin of thorax acute from base nearly to apex; the
fourth tarsal joint dilated and somewhat lobed beneath; tarsal
claws dentate from middle to base. Of the six species known, one
was described from Indiana.
1859 (4134). EstuEesopus cLARIcoLLIs Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI,
1836, 179; ibid. II, 616.
Oblong, moderately robust. Piceous black, shining, sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence; antennz and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, narrower in front; sides nearly parallel behind the mid-
dle, curved on apical third; hind angles not divergent, obtusely rounded,
without carina; basal folds small but distinct; surface finely and rather
densely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides feebly curved, nar-
rowing on apical third, striate, the strise rather coarsely and closely punc-
tate; intervals slightly convex, finely and closely punctulate. Length 7 mm.
Described from Posey County; taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
“Occurs from Virginia to Indiana and Texas.”’
XIX. Crypronypnus Esch. 1836. (Gr., ‘‘hidden +sleep.’’)
But one Indiana species belongs to this genus as now restricted.
It is an oblong piceous form having the side pieces of mesothorax,
together with the mego- and metasterna uniting to close the middle
coxal cavities on the outer side. The principal papers treating of
the North American species of this and the next genus are by
Horn—‘A Monograph of the Species of Cryptohypnus of
Boreal America,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVIII, 1891,
1-29.
Horn,—‘ A Note.on Cryptohypnus,’’ 7n Entom. News, V, 1894,
6-7.
1360 (4149). CryYPToHYPNUS ABBREVIATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 178; ibid. II, 112.
Oblong, moderately convex. DPiceous with greenish-bronze lustre; ely-
tra often dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with brownish or yellowish
pubescence, more conspicuous on scutelluin and on sides of elytra behind
the middle; legs reddish-yellow. Tlead coarsely, not closely punctate;
frontal margin depressed, scarcely distinct from that of labrum. Thorax
slightly broader than long, narrowed on apical two-thirds, sinuate in front.
of hind angles, which are acute, carinate, scarcely divergent; disk convex,
THE CLICK BEETLES. 723
with usually a distinct median impression extending from base to apex,
deeper behind; surface rather coarsely not closely punctate. Elytra widest
one-third from base, thence gradually narrowing to apex; disk striate, striz
finely but indistinctly punctured; intervals flat, rather sparsely and finely
punctate. Length 5.2-6.5 mm.
A species of northern range taken in Lake, Laporte and Starke
counties. April 16-June 4. Occurs especially beneath rubbish
and bark of trees along the dune region bordering Lake Michigan.
XX. Hypnowus Steph. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘sleep + form.’’)
Small species readily known by the broad prosternum, with the
sutures single and convex on the outer side; the simple tarsal claws
and stiff hairs of the tarsal joints. The epimera of the mesothorax
do not reach the middle coxe and the latter are therefore closed on
the outer side only by the meso- and metasterna. About 20 of the
species formerly listed under Cryptohypnus belong here. Of these
eight have been taken in the State, whilé another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPNOIDUS.
a. Elytra with all the striz entire.
b. Form depressed, the dorsum quite flat; opaque, densely punctulate
and pubescent; color uniform piceous. 1361. STRIATULUS.
bb. Form convex.
ce. Thorax coarsely granulate, often in part or wholly finely, longi-
tudinally rugose or strigose.
d. Apical margin of thorax truncate at middle.
e. Base of thorax strigose like apex; a distinct, smooth elevated
median line; larger, 3 or more wm.
f. Elytra yellow with two sinuous blackish crossbars; apical
third more or less attenuate; legs wholly pale.
- ~ 1362. cHORIS.
ff. Elytra piceous, each with two yellow spots; apical third
scarcely attenuate; femora fuscous or piceous.
1863. ExiIGUUS.
ee. Base of thorax smoother than apex; median line indistinct;
size smaller, not over 2.5 mm. 1364. MELSHEIMERI.
dd. Apical margin of thorax curved at middle, slightly prolonged
over the head. CUCULLATUS.
ce. Surface of thorax equally punctate, not finely strigose.
g. Elytra each with two yellow spaces, humeral and subapical; ely-
tral humeri obtuse, striz scarcely more punctate than the in-
tervals. 1365. ASTIVUS.
gg. Wach elytron with a humeral spot only; humeri rounded, strice
more coarsely punctate than the intervals. 1366. PERPLEXUS.
aa. Blytra with the striee wholly obliterated.
h. Surface subopaque, distinctly punctate, especially on the thorax;
color variable from dull yellow to piceous., 1367, PECTORALIS,
724 FAMILY XXXVII.
ELATERIDA
hh. Surface moderately shining, very indistinctly punctate; each elytron
with an oblique yellow band at middle, not reaching the suture,
and an oval apical spot. 1368. OBLIQUATULUS,
1861 (4154). HyPNomnus STRIATULUS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X;
1853, 488.
Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous black, opaque, finely pubescent with
yellowish hairs; legs pale, the femora darker. Head densely rugosely punc-
tate. Thorax slightly wider than long, narrowed in front, sides curved,
slightly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are stout and with a short
carina; disk feebly convex, densely and finely punctate. Elytra as wide
as thorax; sides nearly parallel to apical third, thence eurved to apex;
disk rather flat, striate, strise punctate; intervals feebly convex, densely
and finely punctate. Length 3-4 mm.
Marion and Franklin counties; rare. June 11-June 20. De-
scribed from Lake Superior region and probably occurs sparingly
throughout the State.
1862 (4157). HyPNorpus CHORIS Say, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VI, 1836,
172; ibid. II, 608.
Blongate-oblong, subcouvex. Black, opaque, sparsely
clothed with yellow hairs; elytra dull yellow with a black
spot each side of scutellum, and two black crossbars,
often interrupted on suture and with very sinuous edges ;
one median, the other subapical, these connected on sides
with a marginal line extending nearly from base to apex.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly curved,
narrowed in front, nearly straight on basal half; hind
angles divergent, the carina long, extending three-fourths
to apex; disk convex, coarsely and closely rugose. Blytra
widest in front of middle, thence gradually narrowed to
apex; disk deeply striate, striz: punctured; intervals con-
Ti Foal) 9 vex, roughly and sparsely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm.
(Fig. 278.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 25-June 28. Occurs
especially in sandy localities near ponds and streams; also beaten
from flowers of swamp huckleberry.
1363 (10,051). Hyrnoipus rxieuus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IT,
1888, 35.
Oblong, subconvex. Black, subopaque; elytra each with two dull yel-
low spots, one subhumeral, oblique-oblong, the other subapical, rounded.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, narrowed on apical third; sides on basal
two-thirds parallel, hind angles slightly divergent, the carina extending
three-fourths to apex; disk densely covered with oblong granules. Elytra
widest slightly behind the middle, thence feebly narrowed to apex, which
is broadly rounded; disk rather deeply striate, the ‘stris very indistinctly
punctate; intervals convex their entire length, sparsely and roughly punc-
tate. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 725
Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. May 24-June
29. Beaten from vegetation near water.
1364 (10,053). Hypnomts MELSHEIMERI Horn., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XVIII, 1891, 19.
Oblong, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining, sparsely and finely
pubescent; elytra each with a humeral and subapical yellow spot; antennze
fuscous, joints 2 and 3 paler; legs reddish-yellow. Thorax wider than
long, narrowed in front; sides curved, straight on basal third; hind angles
broad, acute at tip, the carina long; disk convex, quite smooth near the
base. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, sides nearly parallel, narrowed
on apical third; disk striate, strie very finely punctured; intervals slightly
conyex, sparsely and minutely punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. March 20-April 11. Taken by sifting
the debris of a locust stump.
A. cucullatus Horn, black. elytra feebly bronzed, length 3.5 mm.,
is recorded from Ohio, Texas and Utah.
1365 (4164). Hypnorpus -estrvus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1871, 304.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous, moderately shining, sparsely pu-
bescent; basal joints of antenns, hind angles of thorax, legs, a humeral and
subapical spot on each elrtron, dull yellow. Thorax not longer than wide,
slightly narrowed in front, widest a little in front of middle; sides curved,
distinctly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are slender, acute and dis-
tinctly divergent, with short carina; disk sparsely and finely punctate. Ely-
tra with sides feebly curved, disk striate, stris punctured; intervals slightly
convex, punctured as the thorax. Length 4-5 mm.
Floyd and Posey counties: scarce. May 30—June 23.
1366 (4165). HYPNoIDUS PERPLEXUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1871,
304.
Resembles estivus but smaller, with the thorax distinctly longer than
wide, the median smooth line more evident. The elytra have only a humera]
pale spot, and are more distinctly striate. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. Mav 14.
*1367 (4161). Hypnorpus PEcToRALIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI,
1886, 173; ibid. II, 608.
Oblong, feebly convex, subopaque, sparsely and finely pubescent. Color
variable from entirely dul! yellow to wholly piceous; often piceous with a
humeral space on elytra paler, or dull yellow with a transverse fuscous
band behind the middle of elytra and extending narrowly along the suture
to apex; antenne and legs pale vellow. Thorax as wide as long, slightly
narrowed in front, widest at middle, sides curved; hind angles small, acute,
not divergent, the carina short; disk convex, very distinctly and rather
closely punctate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sides curved, disk with-
out strive ; surface less distinctly punctate than thorax. Length 1.5-2.5 mm
Lake, Vigo and Harrison counties: scarce. January 7—June 24.
Hibernates beneath chunks and hark.
ELATERIDA,
726 PAMILY XXXVI.
*1368 (4162). Hypnomus osriquaTuLUs Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IT, 1844, 214.
Resembles pectoralis but usually a little larger and more convex; tho-
rax more distinctly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are slightly di-
vergent. Color piceous, each elytron with an oblique median yellowish
band, reaching the margin but not the suture, and an oval apical spot of
variable size, also yellow. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.
Marion, Putnam, Vigo and Poscy counties; frequent. January
3-May 30. Occurs in sandy localities where it hibernates beneath
partially buried logs and chunks. ‘Taken in early spring by sifting.
XNI. C&posrernvs Lec. 1855. (Gr., ‘swollen + breast.’’)
Thorax distinctly margined, without basal fissures; mandibles
prominent; antenne long, the third joint one-half longer than sec-
ond; tarsi long, slender, pubescent. One species only is known
from the eastern United States.
1869 (4166). QiposterHUS FEeMmoRALIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X,
18538, 489.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous-black, very sparsely pubescent with
yellowish hairs; two basal joints of antenne, base of femora, tibie and
tarsi yellow. Thorax as wide as long, convex, narrowed at apex and in
front of hind angles, which are small, acute, diverging and with a long
carina; surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with sides par-
allel to apical third, thence rounded to apex; striz indistinct on disk, wholly
wanting on sides. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Marion, Posey and Franklin counties; scarce. April 28—June
10.
XXII. Ancmastus Lee. 1853. (Gr., ‘‘to strangle.’’)
Third joint of tarsi furnished beneath with a membranous lobe;
fourth joint small and received upon the third; front very convex,
its front margin rounded; hind coxal plates very narrow on the
outer side, suddenly dilated and strongly toothed on the inner;
tarsal claws simple. .
1370 (4174). ANCHASTUS BINUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836,
177; ibid. II, 614.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, pubescent with short yellowish
hairs; elytra each with a large dull yellow spot extending from base nearly
to middle, not reaching the suture, :nd another, smaller, on apical fourth;
antenne and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed on
apical third; sides parallel and straight on basal two-thirds; hind angles
acute, the carine long. Blytra striate, the striae deeply punctate; intervals
densely and rugosely punctulate. Length 7-7.5 mm.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 727
Described from New Harmony, Posey County. One dead speci-
men taken near there by Wolcott; also taken by Dury near Cin-
cinnati. Should occur sparingly throughout the southern third of
State.
XXIII. Monocreriivs Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘single + little shoe.’’)
Fourth joint of tarsi obliquely prolonged into a membranous
lobe; first joint of antenne longer than usual; hind coxal plates
suddenly dilated on the inner side with the angles rounded and a
tooth at the origin of the thighs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOCREPIDIUS,
a, Lobe of fourth tarsal joint very broad.
b. Size larger, 12 or more mm.; color uniform brown. 1871. Livipus.
bb. Smaller, not over 7.5 mm.; elytra dull reddish-brown with a broad
fuscous stripe along the suture. 1372. SUTURALIS.
aa. Lobe of fourth tarsal joint narrow.
c. Length 5 or more mm.
d. Form elongate, slender; thorax distinctly longer than wide.
1373. VESPERTINUS.
dd. Form short, oblong, robust; thorax about as wide as long.
1374. AURITUS.
ce. Length not over 4 mm.; elytra reddish with narrow black lines.
1875. BELLUS.
371 (4181). Mownocrepiius tivipus DeGeer, Mem.
Hist. des Ins., IV, 1763, 162.
Elongate, subconvex. Dull brown, densely covered
with short, prostrate hair; antenne reddish brown;
legs yellow. Thorax one-fourth longer than wide,
slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly curved; hind
angles prominent, acute, divergent, with a short and
rather feeble carina. Elytra gradually tapering from
base to apex, striate, the strix with close set, oblong
punctures; intervals flat, finely punctulate. Length
14-17 mm. (Fig. 279.)
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent prob-
ably throughout. May 30-August 11. Beaten :
from branches of trees and shrubs, especially Fig. 279. x 3.
2 {Original.)
those of walnut and hickory.
1872 (4183). MoNocREPIDIUS SUTURALIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X,
1853, 482.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Above dull reddish-brown, finely and sparse-
ly pubescent with grayish hairs; head, median line on thorax and sutural
stripe on elytra, expanding at base and on apical third, sooty brown or
fuscous; beneath fuscous, the prosternum and inflexed portion of thorax
reddish-yellow; antennz and legs pale brownisb-yellow. Thorax one-half
longer than wide, sides broadly rounded, hind angles finely carinate; sur-
728 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
face sparsely but distinctly punctate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical
third, thence feebly converging to a rounded apex; striz indistinctly punc-
tate; intervals very finely punctulate. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Dubois County; rare. May 27. Beaten from oak. A member
of the Austroriparian fauna, described from Alabama.
13873 (4185). MOoNOOREPIDIUS VESPERTINUS Fab., Syst. Bleut., II, 1801, 200.
Blongate, slender, subconvex. Color
variable, usually yellow beneath and
dark reddish-brown above, with middle
and sides of thorax and a broad stripe
from humerus two-thirds to apex of
elytra and a spot on the latter, yellow;
rarely nearly black with one or two
small spots. tips and humeri of elytra,
yellow; scutellum always yellowish.
Thorax one-fourth longer than wide,
narrowed in front; sides feebly curved,
sinuate in front of hind angles, which
bY are rather long, acute and with a
Fig. 280. Monocrepedius vespertinus. a, larva feeble carina close to edge. Elytra
side view; b, larva, dorsal view; c, bectle—all three striate, the strie indistinctly punctate;
ela ae "3 age Wau Bull. 33,N. intervals nearly flat, very finely punc-
tulate. Length 7.5-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 22-August 11. Occurs
on mullein and foliage of various trees. (Fig. 280.) The larva
is said to prey upon beans, and is also injurious to cotton in the
Southern States.
*1374 (4190). MoNnocrepiprus AuRITUS Hbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 145.
Oblong, robust. Color above exceedingly variable, three distinct types
being usually present. These are (a) uniform piceous or piceous with only
a median stripe on thorax reddish; (b) dull red, with two small spots on
thorax, one on elytra surrounding scutellum, and a subapical crossbar,
black; (ec) red, with two stripes on thorax, margin, suture and apex of
elytra black; beneath piceous or fuscous, legs and two basal joints of an-
tenne yellow. Thorax convex, scarcely longer than wide, sides obtusely
rounded, hind angles nearly straight, finely carinate; surface densely, deeply
and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical fourth,
thence slightly curved to a broadly rounded apex; disk striate, strise punc-
tured; intervals subconvex, finely but roughly punctulate. Length 5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March +-December 25. Hi-
bernates beneath mullein leaves, logs and rubbish along fence rows
and on side hills, especially in sandy localities. Mates in May and
June.
*1N75 (4191). MoNOCREPIDIUS BELLUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
III, 1823, 168; ibid. IT, 108.
Oblong, subconvex. Black, sparsely pubescent; thorax with a median
line and hind angles reddish; elytra dull red, each with two or three black
THE CLICK BEETLES. 729
lines, these often connected at middle and near apex by two narrow and
sinuous black crossbars; antennz and legs yellow. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, convex, narrowed in front. sides feebly curved on apical half;
hind angles short, obtuse, divergent; surface densely and rather coarsely
punctured. Elytra gradually tapering from base to apex, striate-punctate.
Length 3.5-4 mm. *
Southern half of State; frequent. January 19-December 25.
Hibernates beneath rubbish in damp localities. At electric lights
in summer.
XXIV. Dicrermivs Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘two-+ Little shoes, i. e.
lobes.’’)
Elongate brown hairy insects separated from the next genus
only by the characters given in the key. The hind coxal plates in
both are strongly dilated inwards and toothed. One of the three
recognized species has been taken in the State.
1376 (4195). DicREPIDIUS PALMATUs Candez., Mon. de Elat., II, 1859, 146.
Elongate, very slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, very sparsely
pubescent with yellowish hairs. Antenne of male branched or pectinate;
second joint (in both sexes) globular, one-sixth the length of third, the
latter as long as fourth. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, sides feebly
rounded; disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; hind angles long.
strongly carinate. Elytra gradually attenuate from middle to apex, strize
coarsely punctate; intervals subconvex, finely and sparsely punctulate.
Length 14-16 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 21. Taken from beneath the bark of
pine.
XXV. IscHropontus Cand. 1860. (Gr., ‘‘coxa+tooth.’’)
Clypeus strongly margined but not crested; prosternal sutures
excavated in front and concave on outer side; tarsi with lobes be-
neath both second and third joints.
1377 (4197). IscHIoDONTUS SOLEATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI,
1836, 176; ibid. II, 612.
Elongate-oblong, slender, convex. Dark chestnut brown; sparsely pu-
bescent with short, suberect hairs; antennze and legs reddish-brown. An-
tenn strongly serrate. second joint not more than one-third the length of
third, the latter as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than broad, sides
nearly straight, feebly divergent from near apex to tips of hind angles,
which are prominent, subacute and finely carinate; surface rather densely
and coarsely punctured. Blytra feebly tapering from near base to apex;
disk with coarsely punctured strive; intervals slightly convex, finely and
irregularly punctate. Length 10-11 mm.
730 PAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA,
Lake, Posey and Crawford counties; rare. May 10-July 21.
Probably occurs throughout the State, as it is known from Michigan
and Ohio.
XXVI. Euarer Linn. 1748. (Gr., ‘‘to drive or set in motion.’’)
This, the typical genus of the family, comprises about 50 known
North American species having the body more or less wedge-shaped
and pubescent; front convex, distinctly margined, base of labrum
on a lower level; antenne serrate, third joint frequently but little
wider than second, though often as long as fourth; thorax narrowed
in front, hind angles long, acutely carinate: prosternal sutures
double and excavated near the front lobe, which is rounded and
moderately long; scutellum rounded; elytra strongly striate; tarsi
as long as the tibie, joints 1 to 4 gradually shorter, the 5th long;
claws simple.
For a synoptical table of the North American species see
LeConte.-— ‘Short Studies of North American Coleoptera—
Elater,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1884, 8-15.
The following species have been taken or perhaps occur in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELATER.
a. Hind angles of thorax with two carinse; thorax rather densely and
coarsely punctured.
b. Third joint of antenns shorter than fourth ; uniform chestnut-brown ;
length 9 mm. 1378. HEPATICUS.
ob. Third joint of antenne as long as fourth; color piceous-brown ;
length 14 mm. INSIGNIS.
aa. Hind angles of thorax with but one carina.
ce. Antennz feebly serrate, joints longer than wide, their outer angles
not acute.
d. Dark brown, coarsely pubescent; thorax equally, deeply and rather
coarsely punctate. 1379. MANIPULARIS.
dd. Black, finely pubescent; thorax more finely and sparsely punc-
tured on basal half; third joint of antenne shorter than fourth.
1880. .PEDALIS.
ce. Antenne strongly serrate, joints not lon,ser than wide, their outer
angles acute.
e. Antenne with third joint triangular in both sexes.
f. Legs pale; elytra pale, dull yellow, margins blackish near tips.
1381. NIGRICOLLIS.
ff. Legs black.
g. Wlytra in great part black or fuscous.
h. Basal and lateral margins of elytra scarlet. DISCOIDEUS.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 731
hh. Base of elytra and sides for one-fourth the length red.
LESUS.
gg. Elytra pale dull yellow.
t, Narrow sutural margin and tip black. 1382. LINTEUS.
ti, Broad sutural stripe and narrow lateral margin black.
1383. sSayI.
ee. Antenne with third joint not triangular or very feebly so in male.
j. Third joint of antennz very nearly equal to fourth and much
longer than second.
i: Pubescence of thorax rather long and coarse; legs reddish-
brown. IMPOLITUS.
ki. Pubescence of thorax very short.
l. Thorax red. 1384. RUBRICOLLIS.
ll. Body uniformly dark brown, nearly black; length 11-16 mm.
- 1884a. var. SOCER.
jj. Third joint of antenne very little longer than second and dis-
tinetly shorter than fourth.
m. Black, legs and antennz alone reddish-brown; thorax finely
and sparsely punctate; joints 2 and 3 of antenne together
searcely longer than fourth. 1385. SUBTILIS.
mm. Black; thorax or elytra in part or wholly red or brownish-red.
n. Size larger, more robust; length 6.5 or more mm.
o. Thorax wholly or partly red.
p. Apex of thorax black, base and sides red.
1386. RUBRICUS.
pp. Thorax wholly red. 13S7. COLLARIS.
oo. Thorax black, elytra scarlet or dull red.
1388. SANGUINIPENNIS.
nn. Size smaller, slender; length less than 5 mm.
q. Elytra blackish with large oblique basal spot and some-
times the tip dull yellow; thorax often yellow.
1389. AREOLATUS.
qq. Elytra dull brownish, the thorax paler. 1390. PUSIO.
1378 (4200). ELATER HEPATICUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. I,
18H, 160.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Uniform dark brown, sparsely clothed
with coarse yellowish pubescence. Antennie with second and third joints
together a little longer than fourth. Thorax wider than long, sides rounded ;
hind angles acute, straight, finely bicarinate. Elytra with punctured strie;
intervals flat, wrinkled, sparsely and finely punctulate. Length 9-10 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 11-
June 22. Occurs beneath bark and on vegetation. Resembles a
small form of the common Velanotus communis Gyll.. but readily
known by the form of the hind coxal plates.
E. insignis Lec., antenne and legs dull red, length 14 mm., is
recorded from Ohio and Texas.
732 FAMILY NXXVIT.—ELATERTD.E.
1379 (4214). Exarer MANIPULARIS Candez., Mon. Water, II, 1860, 478.
Oblong, subconvex. Uniform dark reddish-brown; rather sparsely but
coarsely pubescent with yeliowish hairs. Antennz as long as thorax, sec-
ond joint small, one-half length of third, the two together equal to fourth.
Thorax wider than long, sides rounded on apical half; hind angles rather
short, divergent, with distinct oblique carins. Elytral strie feebly im-
pressed with fine, oblong punctures; intervals flat, rather densely and
roughly punctulate. Length 8.5-10 mm.
Lake, Marshall and Fulton counties; scarce. April 21—August
15. Taken beneath cacti and rubbish in sandy localities. Resem-
bles hepaticus but more slender; hind angles of thorax shorter and
with but one carina.
1380 (4217). ELaTreR PEDALIS Germ., Zeitsch., V, 1844, 176.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with brown-
ish pubescence; three basal joints of antennz and legs reddish-brown, the
tarsi paler. Thorax scarcely longer than wide, convex, widest at base,
sides feebly rounded; hind angles straight, subacute, finely and obliquely
earinate; surface rather finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with the
punctures of stris longer than broad; intervals nearly flat, transversely
wrinkled. Length 6.5-S mm.
Steuben, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 16—July 5.
Beaten from vegetation, especially that of tamarack.
1881 (4221). BLArer nicricoLtis Herbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 73.
Oblong, subdepressed, sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs. Head,
thorax, scutellum and under surface, black; elytra and legs dull whitish
yellow; antenne fuscous, the two basal joints paler; third joint shorter
than fourth, much longer than second. Thorax as broad as long, broadest
at base, sides rounded on apical third, straight and slightly divergent on
basal two-thirds; hind angles acute. carinate; surface densely and coarsely
punctate. Elytral stris feebly impressed with rather coarse punctures;
intervals subconvex, finely punctulate. Length 8.5-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-November 17. Oc-
curs beneath bark and in rotten willow, ironwood and other logs in
low. damp woods. Probably hibernates.
E. discoideus Fab., length 10 mm., is known
from Canada, Ohio and Georgia; E. lesus Lee.,
dull black, opaque. length 12 mm.. is recorded
from Massachusetts, Ohio and Georgia.
TsS2 (4222). Eater rintevs Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soe, VI, 1836, 168; ibid. IT, 114, 603.
Resembles nigricollis and mentioned by Say as a
variety of that species. Differs in having the legs,
narrow sutural margin of ely(ra and small space at
apex, black. Head and thorax more roughly punctate.
Fig. 281. x 5. (Original) Third antennal joint of male as longas fourth. Length
TOS. um. (Pig. 281.)
‘THE CLICK BEETLES. 733
Frequent throughout the State. April 11-June 2. Occurs be-
neath bark of red oak and other logs. usually in dry, sandy loeali-
ties.
1883 (4226). Earer sayz Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X. 1858, 465.
In form, size and general color this species resembles the two preced-
ing. Elytra with a broad black stripe along the suture gradually narrow-
ing near the scutellum, and a narrow black marginal one reaching from
apex three-fourths to base. Third joint of antennz distinctly narrower
than fourth in both sexes. Length 11-12.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. <A single specimen taken from a hollow
in an ash tree. April 22. Recorded only from New York.
FE. impolitus Melsh., black, legs reddish-brown, length 12 mm.,
is known from Pennsylvania and Ohio.
1384 (4229). Eater rupricottis Herbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 49.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, feebly shining, rather densely
clothed with short yellowish pubescence; thorax, except the apex and hind
angles, and front of head, dull red. Third joint of antenne more than
twice the length of second. Thorax slightly broader than long, widest at
base, hind angles feebly divergent, surface rather densely and coarsely
punctate. Elytral strie with fine punctures; intervals convex, rather densely
and coarsely punctured. Length 12.5-14 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 26. Taken from stem of wheat.
1384a (4228). ELATER RUBRICOLLIS socer Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X,
1853, 467.
Resembles rubricollis in form and structure but has the entire upper
surface black, sparsely clothed with short grayish pubescence. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, with a faint median impression on basal half.
Length 11-16 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties; rare. Mav 20-June 12. Taken
from beneath the bark of pine. A female from Laporte County
measures 16 mm. Blanchard claims that socer and rubricollis are
synonyms, Herbst’s name having priority, but I prefer to retain
socer as a variety.
1385 (4232). EQLATER SUBTILIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1884, 12.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Black, clothed with fine, short, brown
pubescence; antennse not longer than thorax, the second and third joints
very short, nearly equal. Thorax slightly longer than wide, feebly nar-
rowed from base to apex, slightly rounded on the sides. Elytra with punc-
tured strize; intervals subconvex, finely punctate. Length 7 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 12. Described from Lake Superior.
1886 (4236). FLarer RuBRicus Say, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 261;
ibid. IT, 395.
Oblong, subconvex. Black, sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs; tho-
rax and sides of prosternum red, the former with a broad, polished black
spot extending from apex to middle; tarsi and three basal joints of an-
734 FAMILY XXXVII.—-ELATERIDA.
tenn paler. Thorax nearly as broad as long, sides feebly curved ; surface
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral strize with rather coarse, closely
placed punctures; intervals nearly flat. very sparingly and finely punctu-
late. Length 7-9 mm.
Northern half of State. scarce; not taken south of Marion
County. May 30-July 29. Occurs on flowers of Viburnum and
foliage of various plants.
1887 (4239). ELaver cotzaris Say, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 268; ibid.
I, 400.
Oblong, rather slender, subconvex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence; thorax above and its sides beneath bright red;
antenne and legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
sides feebly curved on apical half, hind angles acute, searcely divergent ;
surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytral strize feebly impressed,
punctured; intervals sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 8-
8.5 mm.
Marion, Putnam. Vigo, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce.
March 3-June 6. Taken in early spring beneath partly buried
logs and stones on wooded hillsides; later on foliage.
*1888 (4242). TDLATER SANGUINIPENNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1828, 177; ibid. II, 115.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with yel-
lowish pubescence; elytra uniform pale brick red; tarsi reddish-brown.
Thorax as broad at base as long, feebly tapering from base to apex, hind
angles short, acute; surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctured. Ely-
tral strie feebly impressed with rather coarse distant punctures; intervals
rather flat, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 6-June 28. An
easily recognized species which occurs beneath loose bark, usually
in damp, low woods.
1889 (4247). ELatrr AaREOLATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1823, 167; ibid. II, 108, 610.
Elongate-ollong. slender, subconvex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown,
sparsely clothed with rather long yellowish hairs; elytra each with a large
oblique subhumeral spot, and often a common space near tip dull yellow;
sides, and often the disk, of thorax yellowish. Thorax as broad as long,
sides feebiy rounded, hind angles short, acute; surface finely and sparsely
punctate. Flytral strie feebly impressed with large punctures: intervals
sparsely and finely punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. April 17-July 24. Beaten from vegetation. usually about
the margins of low woods. This is the species commonly known as
THE CLICK BEETLES. 735
obliquus Say, described in 1836. The form with vellow space at
apex of elytra was described by him as areolatus 13 years previous,
and hence that name has priority.
1390 (4248). ELater pusio Germ., Zeitschr., V, 1844, 169.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex, pubescent with rather long yellowish hairs.
Head, thorax and under parts dull reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown.
Thorax broader than long, but slightly narrowed in front; hind angles
short. acute, feebly divergent; surface very finely and sparsely punctured.
Elytral strive feebly impressed with rather coarse punctures; intervals finely
and sparsely punctulate. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Kosciusko, Posey and Crawford counties; searee. June 24-
July 11. Beaten from vegetation. Our smallest species of the
genus.
XANVIT. Drasrertvs Esch. 1529. (Gr., ‘‘active.’’)
In this genus the dilated part of
the hind coxa is truncate and not
emarginate in front of the trochanter:
antenne feebly serrate. the third joint
lenger than second, the two together
longer than the fourth. For a synop-
tical table and notes on the eight
known North American species, seve
LcConte.—Trans. Amer. Ent. So-
ciety. XII, 1884. 4-6.
But one species has been taken in
Indiana, though another one probably
oCeeurs.
1891 (4253). DRASTERIUS ELEGANS Fab..
Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 230.
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Dull red- Fig. 282. x 74. (After Forbes.)
dish-brown, finely and sparsely pubescent ;
head, median spot or stripe on thorax, scutellum, spot before the middle on
each elytron and subapical crossbar, black. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, feebly narrowed in front; hind angles acute, prominent ; surface
rather finely but very distinctly punctured. Elytral strisee with rather
coarse punctures; intervals slightly convex, sparsely and finely punctulate.
Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 282.)
Throughout the State; frequent. February 12-December 26.
Hibernates beneath rubbish in same localities as Monocr: pidius
aurifus and often confused with that species. The black discal
spot of thorax is sometimes reduced to a mere point.
[47—23402]
736 FAMILY NNXVI1.—FLATERIDE.
The larva is one of the smaller injurious wire
worms, often doing much damage to corn and
wheat. It is of a light waxy yellow color, nine
to 12 mm. in length, sparsely hairy and consid-
erably flattened in form; the last segment is
nearly flat, rugose above, without bristle-bearing
tubercles and with an acute apical notch. (Fig.
282.) It attacks sprouting corn and wheat,
especially that planted on sod, eating part of the
softened grain and boring up into the tender
stem. No effective remedy has yet been discov-
ered, though, fall plowing for corn will greatly
lessen their numbers.
D. amabilis Lec., color of elegans, length 3
mm., is recorded from Maryland, Ohio and
Texas.
Megapenthes limbalis Herbst, black, disk of
thorax (in great part) and sides of elytra red-
dish-yellow, length 8-11 mm., occurs in the
Middle and Southern States and has been re-
corded from Cincinnati.
Fig. 282a. NXVIL. Luprus Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘a stage
ie on player or gladiator.’’)
Large black or dark reddish-brown Elaters,
having the prosternal sutures concave on the outer side; tarsi
simple, pubescent beneath; hind coxal plates less suddenly dilated
on inner side and strongly toothed at insertion of the thighs; sec-
ond and third antennal joints always small, third a little shorter
than second, the two together shorter than fourth, the terminal
joint suddenly narrower near apex. presenting the appearance of a
false joint. (Fig. 3. No.1.) For a synopsis of the genus see
LeConte.—Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NIT, 1884, 45-49.
1892 (4271). Luprius arrenuatTus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., I, 1825,
257; ibid. I, 892; II, 600.
Elongate, moderately robust, gradually narrower behind the middle.
Dark reddish-brown or black, feebly shining, clothed with very fine silky
pubescence; thorax usually reddish with elytra black. Thorax as long as
wide, or longer in the male, gradually narrower from base to apex, sides
feebly curved; hind angles rather short, strongly carinate; disk coarsely
but not densely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, rapidly narrowing
to apex, tips acute; surface ohsoletely substriate, densely and rather roughly
punctate. Cavity of mesosternum into which prosternal spine fits with sides
parallel and elevated. Length 14-22 mm.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 737
Throughout the State; frequent. June 30-September 26. One
was noted emerging from pupal stage on the former date. Occurs
beneath bark of decaying walnut, mulberry and other stumps and
logs.
1893 (4275). Lupius apruptts Say, loc. cit., 253; ibid. I. 389.
Elongate, moderately robust. Black, shining, clothed with fine black,
silky pubescence; antennz and legs piceous, the former reaching tips of
hind angles of thorax in male, shorter in female. Thorax as wide as long,
female, somewhat narrower, male; sides curved and narrowing to the
front; hind angles scarcely divergent, carinate; disk convex, shining, rather
coarsely, not closely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides grad-
ually curved and narrowing to apex, the tips together rounded; surface
substriate, finely and densely punctured. Sides of mesosternal cavity
strongly convergent behind, not elevated. Length 15-20 mm.
Starke, Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. July 4-Au-
gust 7.
XANIX. Ortnostretuus Lac. 1857. (Gr., ‘‘straight + breast.’’)
This genus is represented in the southern Atlantic States and
southern Indiana by the single large species:
1894 (4278). ORTHOSTETHUS INFUSCATUS Germ., Zeitschr., V, 1844, 183.
Elongate, strongly attenuate behind the middle. Uniform dark reddish
or sooty brown, densely clothed with brownish-yellow prostrate hairs. An-
tennte with second joint less than half the length of third, the latter shorter
and much narrower than fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sub-
convex, sides rounded on apical third, straight and parallel on basal two-
thirds; hind angles long, acute, divergent, strongly and obliquely carinate;
surface rather densely and finely punctate. Hlytra gradually tapering from
base to apex, obsoletely striate, more densely punctate than thorax. Length
26-30 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. July 2-July 26.
Oceurs beneath loose bark of old snags, on high wooded hills. A
typical example of the Austroriparian fauna of the southern third
of the State.
Subtribe B. {CoryMBITINI.)
In this subtribe the hind coxal plates are gradually, sometimes
scarcely, widened on the inner side, the hind margin being nearly
straight, and often not toothed over the insertion of the thighs.
The claws are serrate or pectinate in several of the genera. Of the
20 North American genera composing the subtribe 14 are known to
be represented in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur.
738 FAMILY XNXYVII.—ELATERIDA
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CORYMBITINI.
a. Front or clypeus convex, its edge higher than the labrum; mouth in-
ferior and applied to the prosternum in repose.
b. Front truncate, not margined behind the labrum, though higher than
it; tarsal claws simple; size 7 or more mm.
e, Side margins of thorax bent downward in front.
XXX. AGRIOTES.
ec. Side margins of thorax straight. XXXI. DoLorius.
bb. Front margined behind the labruin; tarsi slightly lobed, the claws
with comb-like teeth; size small, not more than 6 min.
XXXII. GLyPHOoNYX.
aa. Front flattened; mouth horizontal or anterior (except in Sericus).
d, Front margined.
e. Tarsal claws with comb-lke teeth; color usually dull reddish-
brown or piceous. XXNIITI. Mernanorus.
ee. Tarsal claws simple.
f. Ilind tarsi with first joint scarcely longer than second; color
dull sooty brown. XAAITV. TLasonrts.
ff. Hind tarsi with first joint elongate.
g. Prosternal lobe very short.
h. Antenne 11-jointed; metasternum acute. CAMPYLUS.
th. Antenne 12-jointed; metasternum obtuse. PITyYosivs.
gg. Prosternal lobe long.
i. Sutures of prosternum single; thorax usually distinctly
longer than wide. XXXV. ATHOUS.
vi. Sutures of prosternum double; thorax searcely longer than
wide, more convex. XXXVI. LEPTOSCHEM.\.
dd. Front not margined; usually slightly concave.
j. Sides of mesosternal cavity not protuberant; size usually medium
or small; color rarely uniform black.
i. Tarsi simple, filiform.
1, Prosternum not lobed in front, the sutures straight; third joint
of antenne small; length 6.5-7 mm. XXNXVII. Buapvs.
il. Prosternum lobed in front.
m. Lobe of prosternum short, the sutures excavated in front;
elytra striate; length 11-12.55mm. NXNNVIII. Norwopes.
mm. Lobe of prosternum long.
n. Front convex; hind coxal plates searcely narrower at the
outer end; length 6.5-7.5 mm. XXXIX. Sericus.
un. Front more or less flattened; coxal plates distinctly nar-
rower at outer end.
9. Tarsal claws simple; color often variegated.
XL. CoryMBITEs.
oo. Tarsal claws with a broad tooth at base; piceous-
bronzed, elytra reddish-brown. XLI. Oxyconus.
kk. Tarsi with the second and third joints lobed beneath.
XLII. ASAPHES.
jj. Sides of mesosternal cavity protuberant; size large, 18 or more
mm., color uniform black, XLIUI. Menanacres.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 739
XXX. Acrioves Esch. 1829. (Gr., “wild.’’)
Moderate sized oblong species, having the prosternum lobed in
front, its sutures double; antennw slender, scarcely serrate, the
first joint a little longer than ustial; hind coxal plates but slightly
broader on the inner side, and with a large tooth above the inser-
tion of the thighs. For a synoptical table of the North American
species with notes, see
LeConte-— ‘Short Studies of North American Coleoptera—
Agriotes,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1884, 15-19.
Six species have been taken in Indiana, while another probably
occurs in the northern counties.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGRIOTES.
a. Tlind coxal plates very gradually dilated from without to inner side
and not twice broader at inner third than at outer end.
b. Form robust; mandibles thick, the tips broad, chisel-shaped; thorax
very convex, coarsely and densely punctate. 1395. MANCUS.
bb. Form more slender; mandibles much more slender, tips subacute.
e. Thorax coarsely punctured in front, very finely and densely punc-
tured behind the middle. 1396. STABILIS.
ce. Thorax similarly, usually coarsely, punctured over the entire sur-
face,
d. Antenne with joints two and three cach distinctly shorter than
fourth; side margin of thorax distinct in its entire length.
e. Wind angles of thorax not visibly carinate; color pale brown
with dense grayish pubescence; smaller, 7-S mim.
1397. INSANUS.
ee. Hind angles of thorax very distinctly carinate; color variable;
larger, 9-12 mm. FUCOSUS.
dd. Antenne with joints two and three each equal in length to, and
searcely narrower than, joint four; side margin of thorax in-
distinct in the middle of its length and very much deflexed in
front; color dark fuscous. 1398. PUBESCENS.
aq. Wlind coxal plates rather suddenly dilated within, more than twice as
broad at inner third than at outer end.
f. Joints two and three of antennze each shorter than fourth, the third
shorter than second; thorax distinctly longer than wide.
1399. OBLONGICOLLIS.
ff. Antenne with joints two, three and four very nearly of equal length:
thorax scarcely longer than wide, coarsely and deeply punctate.
1400. AVULSUS.
740 FAMILY XXXVIL.—PELATERID.4.
1395 (4279). AGRIOTES MANCcUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. ITI. 1823,
171; thid. IT, 111.
Oblong, subconvex. Dull brownish-
yellow, dusky beneath, sparsely clothed
with short yellowish pubescence; head
and thorax often fuscous; tibiee and
tarsi paler. Thorax slightly wider than
long, sides regularly curved from base
to apex; hind angles short, feebly di-
vergent; disk with a shallow median
line on basal half. Elytra with sides
parallel on basal half, thence gradually
rounded to apex; striate, the strize fine-
ly punctate; intervals nearly flat, finely
and transversely wrinkled. Length 7.5-
8.5 mm. (Fig. 283.)
Lake County; frequent. March
26-June 24. Should be found
throughout the State. The larva is g
known as the ‘‘wheat wireworm,”’ Tig. 283. x 7. (After Forbes.)
andl is injurious to corn, wheat and other cereals espec ally those grow-
ing in low, wet lands. It is a eylindrieal, pale brownish-yellow
species, having two conspicuous black circular pits near the front
margin of upper surface of last segment. (Fig.
284.) It bores into the stems of corn from the time
the latter appears above the ground until it is a
foot or more high, causing the infested stalks to
wither and die. About three vears are necessary
for the larva to reach maturity, when it pupates in
earthen cells. If disturbed by fall plowing, many
of the pupa or matured beetles are killed. As yet
no other effective remedy has been discovered.
1396 (4280). AGRIOTES STABILIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soe, X, 1853, 457.
Elongate, rather robust. Color variable, head and
thorax usually piceous; elytra often dull red, pubescent;
antenue and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-third longer
than wide, sides nearly parallel, rounded in front; hind
angles feebly divergent, not, or very obtusely, carinate;
surface distinctly but finely punctate in front, very dense-
ly und finely punctate behind the middle. Elytral strie
finely and deeply punctured; intervals flat, minutely punc-
tulate and with fine transverse wrinkles. Length 9-11 mm.
Lake and Steuben counties; rare. June 17.
Beaten from sassafras. A member of the Alle-
Pig. 284. (After Forbes.) ehanian fauna. ;
THE CLICK BEETLES. 741
1397 (4281). AGRIOTES INSANUS Cand., Elat., LV, 376.
Elongate-oblong ; slender, convex. Pale dull brown; head and thorax
somewhat darker; legs paler. Thorax slightly longer than broad; sides
rounded on apical third; hind angles feebly diverging, subacute, not visibly
cavinate; disk with a median impressed line on basal half, rather densely
and finely punctate. Elytral strie rather finely punctate; intervals densely
and roughly punctulate. Length 7-8 mm.
Marion, Lawrence and Posev counties; frequent. April 16—
June 6. Oceurs on flowers of the red haw. Cralwgus, and later on
the foliage of the horseweed, Ambrosia trifida.
A. fucosus Lee.. piceous or with the sides of thorax dark red,
sometimes with elytra or even entire upper surface reddish-brown,
is a northern species ranging from New England to California.
1398 (4286). AGRIOTES PUBESCENS Melsh.,
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., II, 1845, 217.
Elongate, convex, rather densely
clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence.
Dark fuscous or sooty brown; antenne
and legs dull reddish-brown. Thorax dlis-
tinctly longer than wide, sides parallel and
straight from base to apical fourth, thence
suddenly rounded to apex; hind angles
slightly divergent, carinate; surface deep-
ly, rather densely and equally punctate.
Elytra with sides parallel to beyond the
middle, thence gradually narrowed to tips.
which are acutely rounded; stris with
fine punctures; intervals nearly flat, dense-
ly and roughly punctulate. Length 9 mn.
(Trig. 285.)
Lake and Wells counties; scarce.
May 17-June 24. Recorded from Pennsylvania and Ohio.
Fig. 285. 53. (After Forbes.)
1399 (4290). AGRIOTES OBLONGICOLLIS: Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., IT,
1845, 218.
Elongate, slender, convex. Dark reddish- to fuscous-brown, sparsely
clothed with yellowish pubescence; antennse and legs pale reddish-brown,
the former longer than head and thorax. Thorax subcylindric, convex ;
sides nearly straight to apical fourth, then curved to apex; hind angles
acute, divergent, feebly carinate; surface finely and densely punctate. Ely-
tral strie fine, impressed with oblong )unctures; intervals minutely and
rather densely punctulate, appearing as if transversely wrinkled. Length
6-9 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in the southern half, less so
northward. April 17-August 13. Oceurs in April and May on
742 FAMILY NNNVU.—ELATERLD-£.
flowers of Craligus, and later on foliage of various plants. Noted
as mating on April 26.
1400 (4293). AGRIOTES AVULSUS Lee., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, 457.
Elongate-oblong; couyex. Piceous-black, shining; sparsely clothed with
yellowish pubescence ; legs and antennee pale reddish-brown. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides rounded on apical third; hind angles feebly diverg-
ing, strongly carinate; surface rather sparsely and very coarsely punctate.
Blytral strise rather coarsely punctate; intervals nearly flat, sparsely and
roughly punctulate. Length $ mm.
Vigo County; searee. May 24-June 9. Beaten from foliage.
Known heretofere only from New Enelind and Pennsylvania.
Resembles pubesceus but readily distinguished hy the form of hind
coxal plates, more shining surface and more coarsely punctured
thorax.
#
XXNI. Doxoprus Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘crafty.’’)
Differs from Ayrioles only in having the side margin of the
thorax straight instead of being bent downward in front. One
species cnly is known from North America.
1401 (4297). Dotorius LATERALIS Isch., Thon. Archiy., Ent. IT, 1829, 34.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Piceous or sooty brown, sparsely clothed
with shert yellowish pubescence; apex and hind angles of thorax, more or
less distinct subhumeral stripe of elytra. legs and basal joints of antennie,
yellowish. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides parallel, rounded on
apical fourth; hind angles acute. prominent, not divergent; disk densely
and rather finely punctate, and with a faint median impressed line on
basal half. Elytral strie with distinct, cloxe-sct punctures; intervals flat,
finely, densely and rngosely punctulate. Length 7-S mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. April 15-October 12. Beaten
from fohage, especially that of tamarack:; often occurs on flowers
of blackberry. In some specimens the yellow on elytra is reduced
to a mere trace on humeral angles.
XXXIT. Guypionyx Cand. 1863. (Gr., ‘fearve + elaw.’’)
Small, slender, brownish beetles, attenuate behind the middle
and having the elypeus more or less anewlate; hind angles of tho-
rax not earipate; third and fourth joiits of tarsi slightly Tohed
beneath, Five species are known from the United States, four of
which occur in Indiana,
THE CLICK BEETLES. re)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPHONYX.
a. Front of clypeus distinctly angulated.
b. Head ut least, and usually the sutural line, dusky. *
«. Larger, more robust; third and fourth tarsal joints lobed beneath ;
length 5.5-6 mun. 1402. RECTICOLLIS.
ec, Smaller, more slender; fourth tarsal joint only lobed beneath:
length +.5-5 mm, 1403. INQUINATUS.
bb. Color uniform dull reddish-yellow or ‘“rufo-testaceous”; length 4-
5.5 mim. 1404. TESTACEUS.
aa. Front of clypeus rounded or very obtusely angulated; color sooty or
blackish-brown; length 4.5-5 mm. 1405. QUIETUS.
1402 (4299). GLYPHONYX RECTICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. NSci.,
III, 1823, 168; ibid. II, 109, 622.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull brownish-yellow; head, disk of thorax
and sutural margins dusky; legs and antennie paler. Clypeus strongly de-
scending with the apex almost rectangular. Second and third joints of
‘antennze short, subequal, together one-half longer than fourth. Thorax as
broad as long, sides straight, rounded on apical fourth; disk rather sparsely
and finely punctulate; hind angles not carinate, scarcely divergent. FElytral
striz punctate; intervals subconvex, with numerous minute punctures.
Length 6 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. March 8-November 1.
Readily known from the next three by its larger size.
1403 (4802). GLYPIIONYX INQUINATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI,
1836, 175; ibid. II, 611.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Vale brownish-yellow, rather densely pubes-
cent with long yellowish hairs; head and often a narrow sutural line dusky.
Thorax slightly broader than long; sides nearly straight, slightly rounded
on apical fourth, hind angles acute, not carinate, feebly divergent; surface
finely and densely punctate. Iclytra with finely punctured strive; intervals
nearly flat with minute punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. January 5-December 25.
Hibernates beneath rubbish along fence rows and in dry, open
woods; most frequent in June on vegetation.
1404 (4800). GiyPHOoNYx TESTAcEUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sct.
II, 1845, 219.
Resembles recticollis but smaller and entirely dull reddish-yellow in
color. Thorax with sides straight except immediately at apex, where they
are rounded; hind angles not divergent. Clypeus acutely angulated at
apex. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-December 23. Oc-
curs in spring beneath chunks and stones in sandy localities; in
summer on fohage.
T44 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
1405 (4801). Grypnonyx QuisTus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
1sd5 ibid. II, 622.
Elongate, slender, convex. Blackish-brown or piceous, rather densely
clothed with short yellowish hairs; antenn:e reddish-brown; legs pale yel-
low. Clypeus obtusely rounded in front. Thorax as in recticollis, the hind
nugles scarcely diverging. ‘Tarsal claws with few rather robust teeth.
Length 4.5-5 min.
Southern half of State. Marshall County only in the north;
frequent. March 25-June 10. Beaten from vegetation.
XXNIII. Menanorts Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘black + back.’’)
This genus contains a number of small or moderate-sized click-
beetles, usually uniform dull brown in color and having the clypeus
margined in front; antenne serrate, with the first joint broad, the
second and third variable; prosternum lobed in front, the sutures
double and concave on outer side; hind coxal plates gradually
dilated inwards and toothed above the insertion of the thighs; tarsi,
not lobed bencath, the claws with distinct, comb-like teeth. The
males usually have the antennal joints pilose or clothed with erect
bristling hairs.
The larvee of three or four of the species are among the most
destructive of the wireworms. The adults usually oceur beneath
bark or on the foliage of trees, to which their pectinate claws en-
able them to readily cling. They are so similar in form and hue
that they are very difficult to separate. ‘There is no special litera-
ture on the genus, the descriptions being widely seattered and many
of them doubtless synonymous, and the group has given me more
trouble than any other genus treated in the paper. All the Indi-
ana specimens have been compared with such types and named spe-
cies as are in the Horn collection at Philadelphia and the LeConte
and Melsheimer collections at Cambridge. Of the 45 species listed
from the United States, 19 have been taken in Indiana, while 9
others are herewith described for the first time. For convenience
they are first separated into two groups and these in turn into
species.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANOTUS.
a. Third joint of antennw but little if any longer than second, the two
together almost always shorter than fourth. Group .t.
ad. Third joint of antenme at least one-half longer than second, the two
together equal to cr longer than fourth. Group B.
Group <A.
This group comprises seven of the 28 species. The third joint
of antenne may be slightly longer than seeond, but never one-half
longer.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 749
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Size larger, 14.5 or more mm.
bv. Sides of thorax straight or nearly so; those of elytra distinctly con-
verging on apical half.
ce. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base, the sides straight
from base to apex; last ventral of male very coarsely punctate;
length 15-16 mm. 1406. CORTICINUS.
cc. Thorax very slightly narrower at apex than base, the sides dis-
tinctly rounded near apex; length 17.5-18 mm.
1407. GLANDICOLOR.
bb. Sides of thorax feebly but distinctly rounded, slightly sinuate in
front of hind angles; those of elytra parallel or nearly so; color
darker; length 18-21 mm. 1408. CASTANIPES.
aa. Size smaller, not over 12.5 mm.
d. Disk of thorax evenly and rather coarsely punctate; carine of hind
angles acute, distinct, close to and parallel to outer edge and reach-
ing beyond the middle of thorax. 1409. IGNOBILIS.
dd. Disk of thorax unevenly and sparsely punctate; carine of hind an-
gles more or less oblique, not reaching middle.
c. Thorax more densely and coarsely punctured on sides than on mid-
dle, its sides straight or nearly so from base to apex; antenniv
of male very long. 1410. LONGICORNIS.
ee. Thorax rather finely and sparsely punctured on both sides and
middle, its sides distinctly rounded on apical half.
f. Ventral segments of abdomen, except the last, finely and rather
sparsely punctate; reddish or chestnut brown; length 7~9 mm.
141]. AMERICANUS.
ff. Ventral segments with coarse, dense, elongate, more or less con-
fluent punctures; piceous or dark fuscous-brown; length 10-
11 mm. 1412. CRIBRIVENTRIS.
1406 (4804). MErLANoTUS corTIcINUS Say, Jouru. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI,
1823, 174; ibid. II, 113, 621.
Elongate, subconvex. Chestnut or dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed
with long grayish hairs. Second and third joints of antenne small, rounded,
subequal; together much shorter than fourth. Thorax one-fourth longer
than wide; disk with a median impressed line on basal half; surface rather
sparsely and coarsely punctate, more densely on sides; hind angles feebly
diverging, strongly carinate. FElytral striz feebly impressed with rather
large, close-set punctures; intervals sparsely and finely punctulate. Length
14.5-15.5 mm.
Knox, Orange, Crawiord and Posey counties; scarce. May 15-
June 8. The seven specimens at hand are all males.
1407 (4821). Mrnawotus GLANpicotor Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 152.
Elongate, the sides straight and parallel from near the front angles of
thorax to beyond the middle of elytra. Chestnut-brown; sparsely pubes-
cent witb grayish-yellow hairs. Second and third joints of anteume sub-
746 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
equal, together a little shorter than fourth. Thorax subquadrate, convex,
rather sparsely punctate at middle, very coarsely and closely on sides and
with a faint median impressed line near base; hind angles strongly and
acutely carinate. Elytral strive with crenate punctures; intervals flat, finely
and sparsely punctulate. Length 17.5-18 mm.
Orange and Crawford connties; rare. June 1—June 26. This
species may prove to be the female of corticinus. The single type
at Cambridge is a female, as are also both of my specimens.
on
1408 (4320). MuLanorus casTANIPes Payk., Faun. Suec. Inscct., IIT, 1800, 25.
Elongate, the sides parallel. Very dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubes-
cent. Second and third joints of antenne subequal, together slightly shorter
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than wide, distinctly narrower at apex
than base, sides feebly but distinctly rounded from base of hind angles to
apex; disk coarsely and densely punctured, the median impressed line dis-
tinct on basal third; hind angles elongate, acute, divergent, strongly and
obliquely carinate. Elytra with sides straight and parallel from base nearly
to apex; strise feebly impressed with elongate punctures. Length 1S-21 mm.
Laporte County; rare. May 20. Taken from beneath the park
of pine, and probably oceurs only in the northern counties.
1409 (4312). MrLanotus IcnoprLis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 152.
Elongate, slender. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown, sparsely pu-
bescent. Antenne elongate, joints broader and more strongly serrate than
usual, the third one-fourth longer than second. Thorax subquadrate, slightly
longer than wide, a little narrowed in front, sides straight; carinz of hind
angles continued onto elytral humeri. Wlytra feebly but distinctly narrowed
from base to apex, marked with rows of large, round, deep punctures; in-
tervals minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 10.5 mm.
Fountain County; rare. June 16. Deseribed from Pennsyl-
vania. The long parallel carinw of hind angles. carinate humeri
of elytra and bread antennal joints make this an easily distinguished
species.
1410 (——). MELANOTUS LONGICORNIS sp. nov.
Elongate, slender. Chestnut or reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with
prostrate grayish hairs. Antenne of male reaching middle of elytra, of
female one-fourth shorter; joints 2 and 3 subglobular, the third one-fourth
longer than second, together much shorter than fourth. Clypeus coneave,
coarsely and densely punctate, its front margin feebly angulate at middle.
Thorax one-fourth longer than wide, sides straight and diverging from apex
to base; disk very sparsely and rather finely punctate at middle, more
coarsely and clesely on sides. Blytra with rows of coarse, close-set pune-
tures; intervals smooth or nearly so. Abdomen coarsely and rather densely
punctate. Length 9.5-10 mm. ,
THE CLICK BEETLES. TAT
*
Kosciuske, Vigo, Orange and Posey counties; frequent. May
31—June 6. This species oceurs in collections under the name corti-
cinus, but is very distinct in size, length of male antenne and
punctuation cf thorax, from that species as above described.
1411 (43836). MELANOTUS AMERICANUS Hbst., Kafer, 10, 1806, 74.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent with
grayish hairs. Second and third joints of antenne short, subequal, together
about equal to fourth. Thorax not longer than wide, distinctly narrower
at apex than base, sides feebly rounded on apical half; disk finely and
sparsely punctate, with a faint median impression on basal third. Elytral
strie very feebly impressed with large oblong punctures; intervals finely
and sparsely punctulate. Length 7-9 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 27-August 11. The
thorax is more convex and rounded on sides in female than in male.
1412 (——-). MELANOTUS CRIBRIVENTRIS Sp. NOV.
Elongate, rather robust. Uniform piceous, sparsely clothed with gray-
ish pubescence; antenne and legs reddish-brown. Antenne slender, reach-
ing basal fourth of elytra, second and third joints subglobular, subequal,
together one-third shorter than fourth. Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely
punctate, its front margin rounded. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
sparsely and rather finely punctate; disk with a distinct median impression
on basal two-thirds; hind angles rather short, scarcely divaricate, strongly
earinate. Elytra very slightly tapering from the base, the punctures small,
close-set; intervals smooth or nearly so. Length 10-11 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. July 11.
Group B.
In this group the third antennal joint is always fully one-half
longer than second and sometimes more than as long again. The
following species, except one, are represented in the collection at
hand:
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Hind angles of thorax with two carinz, the inner one much less dis-
tinct than the outer.
b. Thorax with a more or less distinct median impressed line.
ec. Fourth joint of antenne nearly or quite double the length of third;
thorax slightly longer than wide; last ventral of male distinctly
tumid or convex at middle; larger, 15 or more mm.
1413. DECUMANUS.
ce, Fourth joint of antenne but little if any longer than third; thorax
not longer than wide; smaller, not over 14 mm.
1414. cOMMUNIS.
pb. Thorax without a median impressed line.
748 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
d. Clypeus flat or slightly concave; thorax slightly wider at middle
than elytra, strongly narrowed in front; length 14-17 mm.
1415. FISSILIS.
dd. Clypeus strongly concave; thorax not wider at middle than elytra;
length 15-17 mm. 1416. CANADENSIS.
ad. Hind angles of thorax with but one carina.
e. Fourth joint of antennee at least one-third longer than third.
f. Size larger, 12.5 or more mm.; form rather robust.
g. Surface of thorax sparsely and rather finely punctate, the sides
straight from base to near apex; clypeus subangulate at apex;
Jength 12.5-14 mm. 1417. SAGITTARIUS.
gg. Surface of thorax, at least on sides, coarsely and rather densely
punctured; sides more or less rounded toward apex; clypeus
broadly rounded; elytral intervals coarsely and distinctly punc-
tate; length 14-15 mm. 1418. DIFFICILIS.
ff. Size smaller, not over 12 mm.; form usually much more slender.
h. Thorax very finely and so densely punctate as to make the sur-
face dull; pubescence short, erect; length 10-11 mm.
OPACICOLLIS.
hh. Thorax normally punctate, the punctures either much more
sparse or much coarser.
i. Surface closely pubescent with long gray prostrate hairs; ely-
tra but slightly narrowed from base to apex; length 10-
11.5 mm. 1419. PILOSUS.
ii. Surface sparsely pubescent with much shorter hairs; elytra
(except in macer) distinctly narrowed behind the middle.
j. Carine of hind angies very long, and close to margin; third
joint of antenne one-half longer than second, the two to-
gether slightly shorter than fourth; length 11 mm.
: 1420. CARINUS.
jj. Carine of hind angles not reaching middle of thorax; third
joint more than one-half longer than second.
k. Length not more than 9 mm.; form very slender.
!. Clypeus rounded in front, convex; thorax short, not
longer than wide. 1421. TRAPEZOIDEUS.
i. Clypeus subtruncate, concave; thorax more slender,
longer than wide. 1422. PRASINUS.
kk. Length 10-12 mm.; form more robust.
m. Clypeus strongly concave; sides of thorax straight; ely-
tra parallel or nearly so. 1425.
mn Clypeus flat or subconvex ;
MACER.
sides of thorax more or less
rounded; elytra distinctly narrowing behind the mid-
dle.
nu. Dark reddish-brown or fuscous; disk of thorax coarse-
ly and rather sparsely punctate.
: 1424. VERBERANS.
nn. Pale reddish-brown; disk of thorax very finely and
more sparsely punctate. 1425.
~ ANGUSTATUS.,
cc. Fourth joint of antennie but little, if an
y. longer than third.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 749
4. Punctures on basal half of thorax minute, very dense and some-
what rugese; those on apical half much coarser; length 13-
14 mm. 1426. GRADATUS.
vg. Punctures on basil and apical halves of thorax not varying greatly
in density and coarseness.
p. Carine of hind angles very distinct, and strongly diverging from
apex to their bases, the space between carina and side at base
with three or four rows of coarse punctures; length 12-
14.5 mm. 1427. DIVARCARINUS.
pp. Caring of hind angles less distinct and much less divergent. not
over two rows of punctures between their bases and sides of
thorax.
q. Larger and more robust species; length 11 or more mui.
*. Thorax very sparsely punctured, finely on the middle of
disk, a little more coarsely on the sides; length 11-12 mim.
1428. PARAMPUNCTATUS.
rr. Thorax coarsely and closely punctured on sides.
s. Clypeus broadly but not deeply concave; color dark red-
dish-brown; length 15 mm. 1429, LIxus.
ss. Clypeus subconvex ; color fuscous or smoky brown; length
13.5 mm. 1480. DEBILIS.
qq. Smaller and much more slender species; length not over
10.5 mm.
t. Punctures of elytral intervals very fine and indistinct.
uv. Reddish or sooty brown; clypeus subconvex; thorax as
long as or slightly longer than wide, very finely and
sparsely punctate at middle, more closely on sides.
1431. DEPRESSUS.
uu. Piceous-black; clypeus subconcave; thorax slightly wider
than long, its punctures coarser. 1432. PERTINAX.
tt. Punctures of elytral intervals almost as coarse as those of
strie; form very slender; color piceous; length 7.5-8.5 min.
1433. TENAX.
1413 (4807). MELANOTUS DECUMANUS Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., III, 1842,
104.
Elongate, robust. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with
grayish hairs. Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely and densely punctate. An-
tenn slightly longer than head and thorax, third joint twice the length
of second, three-fifths as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
sides sinuate near base of hind angles, distinctly curved in front of middle;
disk very coarsely and densely punctate on sides, more sparsely at center
and with a smooth, more or less impressed line on basal two-thirds. Ely-
tral strive feebly impressed, rather finely punctate; intervals finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 14-18 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 8-July 14. Beaten
from pine and beech foliage; also beneath bark. The sides of tho-
rax are more broadly rounded in females than in males.
750 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID®.
*1414 (4323). M&rLaANoTus CoMMUNIS Gyll., Schon. Syn. Ins., III, 1817, 188.
Resembles fissilis but more slender
< eee yo ~ and paler brown in color. Thorax not
; Z wider than elytra, not longer than wide
and with a distinct median impressed line
on basal half; disk less densely and more
finely punctured than in fissilis or decu-
manus. Length 11.5-14 mm. (Fig. 286.)
The most abundant click beetle in
“ty the State. Hibernates in the same
i places as fiss’lis and often occurs in
company with that species. January
14-December 25. Both this species
and fissilis are attracted by electric
. hight in May and June. Their larve
NS are among the most injurious wire-
worms preying upon corn. The larval
stage extends over three or four years
and the change to a pupa takes place in July or August. From
these pup» the hibernating beetles begin to emerge in about one
month.
Tig. 286. x 4. (After Forbes.)
“Tt 5 (4522). MeELanorus Fissitis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe.. VI, 1836,
188; ibid. IT. 621.
Elongate, rather robust. Dark smoky
lrown or piceous, sparsely pubescent. Third
joint of antenne more than twice the
length of second, one-third shorter than
fourth. Thorax slightly wider than long,
widest at middle, sides rounded; basal fis-
sures very distinct ;. surface coarsely punc-
tured, more densely on sides. Blytra grad-
ually attenuate from base to apex, strix
with crenate punctures; intervals flat,
sparsely and finely punctulate and trans-
versely wrinkled. Length 18-17 mm. (Tig.
287.)
Throughout the State. common:
more so in the southern counties,
January 5-November 23. THibernates
beneath loose bark, mullein leaves and
rubbish and in eracks of logs in dry
Icealities: usually three to a dozen or
more close together. The females are Fig, 287. 4 (Alter Forbes)
much larger and have the disk o£ thorax more coarsely and densely
punctate than the males.
THE CLICK BEETLES. iol
1416 (4808). Mr Lanotts CANADENSIS Cand., Monog. Elat., III, 1860, 342.
Elongate, robust. Piceous or dark chestnut brown, sparsely pubescent.
Antenne slightly Jonger than head and thorax, third joint double the length
of second, one-half as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than broad,
apex distinctly narrower than base, sides rounded on apical half; disk
coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra feebly but distinctly tapering from
base to apex, striz coarsely punctate. Length 15-15.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 2. Resembles both fisslis and decu-
manus. Differs in the strongly concave clypeus and in having the
prosternum much more coarsely and closely punctured than in
either.
1417 (4843). MeLanortus sacirrarits Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. X,
1853, 480.
Elongate, slender. Duil sooty or reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with
grayish hairs; legs paler. Second and third joints of antenne together dis-
tinctly shorter than fourth. Thorax but slightly convex, a little longer
than wide, feebly narrowed from base to apex, sides slightly rounded on
apical third; disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, with an impressed
line on basal half. Elytra with rows of rather coarse, feebly impressed
punctures; intervals sparsely and finely punctulate. Length 12-13 mm.
Steuben and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 17-July 10.
Beaten from elm.
1415 (——). MELANOTUS DIFFICILIS sp. noy.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Vale reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent.
Clypeus short, coarsely punctate. Antenne slender, third joint twice the
length of second, one-half as long as fourth. Thorax slightly wider at base
than long, narrowed in front; disk, viewed from above, with sides obviously
sloping downward toward front angles, coarsely, evenly, not closely punc-
tate; carinz of hind angles prominent, strongly diverging from their tips.
Elytra almost parallel, strie feebly impressed, finely punctate. Length 14-
15 mm.
Knox and Posey counties; rare. July 2-July 3. Resembles
corticinus and sagittarius in form. Elytral intervals more coarsely
punctate than in any of cur species except fenar.
UM. opacicollixs, Lee., fuscous. third joint one-half longer than
second. was desvribed from Rock Island, Illinois.
1419 (——). MELANOTUS PILOSUS Sp. NOV.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Pale reddish-brown, densely clothed with
long grayish prostrate hairs. Third joint of antenne in male two-thirds
longer than serond, one-half the length of fourth; in female twice as long
us second, two-thirds the length of fourth. Thorax slightly longer than
wide. sides nearly straight, feebly reunded on apical half; disk densely and
rather coarsely punctate, a faint median impressed line behind the middle.
Elytra with sides parallel from base to apical fourth, thence converging to
a rounded apex: punctures of strive large, feebly impressed; intervals
[48 —25402 ]
752 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID.%.
sparsely and finely punctulate. Prosternal flanks sparsely and finely pune-
tate. Length 10-11.5 mm.
Vermillion, Vigo, Knox and Posey counties; searce. June 6-
July 24. More densely pubescent than any other member of the
venus taken in the State. Occurs on vegetation, especially that of
milkweed.
1420 (——). MELANOTUS CARINUS Sp. Loy.
Elongate, rather robust. Fuscous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely pu-
bescent with long gray hairs; antennze and legs paler. Clypeus feebly con-
cave, coarsely punctate. Third joint of antennz: much narrower than and
one-half the length of fourth. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at
apex than base, sides almost straight, the punctures very coarse, rather
dense at sides, sparse at middle; disk with a vague median impression on
basal third. Elytral strise feebly impressed, coarsely punctate; intervals
minutely and indistinctly punctate. Last ventral of male with coarse,
dense, elongate punctures. Length 12 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 4.
1421 (4315). Metanotvs Trapezorpeus Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., X,
1858, 475.
Elongate, slender. Dark chestnut or sooty brown, sparsely pubescent
with long grayish hairs; anteunse and legs paler. Third joint of antennze
twice the length of second, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides nearly straight, feebly rounded on apical third, disk
very sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; carine of hind angles long,
close to the margin. Elytra subparallel to apical third, thence gradually
narrowed to tips; punctures of stris feebly impressed. Length S-9 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. March 21—July 3. Probably
hibernates. Resembles depressus, but the thorax is shorter, and in
that species the third joint of antenne is more nearly the length of
fourth.
1422
). MELANOTUS PRASINUS Sp. nov.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining, sparsely pu-
bescent. Clypeus subconcaye, coarsely punetate. Third joint of antenne
twice as long as second, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax distinctly
convex, slightly longer than wide, sides straight to apical third, thence
feebly rounded to apex, disk everywhere very finely and remotely punctate.
Elytra strongly tapering from base to apex ; strix rather coarsely punctate;
intervals finely and sparsely punctate. Length $.5-9 mm.
Vermillion and Posey counties; rare. June 15—July 3. Re-
sembles depressus, but readily distinguished hy the shorter, nearly
truncate clypeus, narrower and more eonvex thorax and shorter
third joint of antenne.
1423 (4306). MELANOTUS MACER Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 18538, 473.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Rather pale reddish-brown, sparsely clothed
with grayish hairs. Clypeus concave, coarsely and densely punctate. An-
THE CLICK BEETLES. 753
tennse reaching basal third of elytra in male, third joint one-half longer
than second, the two together slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax a little
longer than wide, sides nearly straight, disk rather sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Elytra very little or not at all narrowed from base to apex, striz
feebly impressed, rather finely punctate; intervals finely, sparsely and some-
what roughly punctate. Length 10.7-12 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 7-July 11. The slender, parallel
form, strongly concave clypeus and straight sides of thorax easily
distinguish this species.
1424 (4327). MELANOTUS VERBERANS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 185:3,
478.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish or fuscous-brown, sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence; antennse and legs smoky reddish-brown. Third
joint of antennz twice the length of second, one-third shorter than fourth.
Thorax about as wide as long; sides nearly straight on basal two-thirds.
thence distinctly rounded to apex; finely and sparsely punctured on disk.
more densely and coarsely on sides; hind angles sometimes with a faint
inner carina. Elytra feebly attenuate from base to apex, punctures of stri:e
slightly impressed; intervals subconvex, finely and very sparsely punctu-
late. Length 10-11.5 mm.
Orange and Knox counties: scarce. June 1—June 6. Resem-
bles commianis, but the punctures of thorax much finer on disk and
without trace of median impressed line.
1425 (4814). MELANOTUS ANGUSTATUS Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., III, 113.
Elongate, slender. Pale reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent with pale
yellowish hairs. Clypeus feebly convex, coarsely and closely punctate, its
front obtusely rounded. Third joint of antennz double the length of sec-
ond, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax a little wider than long, sides
straight from hind angles to middle, thence strongly rounded to apex; disk
rather sparsely and finely punctate, more closely on sides, the carinz of
hind angles close to and parallel with margins. Elytra finely striate-punc-
tate; intervals very minutely punctate. Length 9 mm.
Steuben ana Fulton counties; rare. May 6-June 16. A mem-
ber of the Alleghanian fauna.
1426 (4838). MELANoTUS GRADATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1866,
390.
Elongate, rather robust. Reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with short
pubescence. Third joint of antennze twice as long as second, but little
shorter than fourth. Thorax convex, distinctly longer than wide, sides
rounded in front of middle; punctures fine and very dense on basal half,
gradually becoming sparse and coarse near front margin; disk feebly chan-
neled behind the middle. Elytral striaw with rather distant moderately im-
pressed punctures. Length 13-14 mm.
Vermillion. Lawrence, Clark and Spencer counties; scarce. May
24 June 21. Beaten from foliage of elm. Known elsewhere only
754 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERTDA.
from Ohio and Maryland. Easily recognized by the peculiar sculp-
ture of thorax.
1427 (——). MELANOTUS DIVARCARINUS Sp. Nov.
Elongate, slender. Dull reddish or fuscous-brown, sparsely pubescent.
Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely and densely punctate. Antenne of male
reaching middle third of elytra, third joint more than twice as long as sec-
ond, nearly equal in length to fourth; of female, reaching base of thorax,
third joint slightly longer than fourth. Thorax as wide at base as long,
sides feebly curved and distinctly converging to apex, disk coarsely, evenly
and rather closely punctate and with a distinct median impression on basal
half; hind angles feebly infiexed rather than divergent at tips. Elytra
gradually tapering from base to apex, the striz with rather coarse, well
impressed, close-set punctures; intervals very sparsely and finely punctate.
Length 12-14.5 mm.
Vermillion, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. April 23-
July 6. Resembles communis in general appearance, but darker,
and with a single strongly diverging carina on each hind angle.
1428 (4825). MErLANoTUS PARAMPUNCTATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Il, 1844, 151.
Elongate, rather slender. Chestnut brown, sparsely pubescent; antennw
and legs reddish-brown. Clypeus subconvex, coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Antenne slightly longer than thorax, third joint twice the length of
second, nearly as long as fourth. Thorax subquadrate, distinctly narrowed
toward apex, sides nearly straight from base to middle, feebly curved to
apex; disk punctured as mentioned in key and with a faint median im-
pressed line on basal two-thirds. Elytra gradually tapering from base to
apex, the strive with feebly impressed punctures; intervals very sparsely,
minutely and roughly punctate. Length 10.5-11.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 2-July 4.
1429 (
Elongate, robust. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Clypeus
broadly rounded, coarsely punctured. Third joint of antennze twice or more
longer than second, as long as fourth. Thorax convex, distinctly longer
than wide; sides sinuate near base of hind angles, thence nearly straight
to apical fourth, where they are fecbly rounded into apex; disk sparsely
and rather finely punctate at middle, densely and coarsely on sides. Ely-
tra feebly tapering from the base, strize rather coarsely and closely punc-
tate; intervals very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 15 mm.
Posey County; rare. July 6.
). MELANOTUS LIXUS sp. nov.
1480 ( ). Men.anorus pepriis sp. noy.
Elongate, robust. Dark smoky or fuscous brown, sparsely pubescent ;
antenne and legs paler. Clypeus less broadly rounded, coarsely punctate.
Third joint of anteune three-fourths longer than second, slightly shorter
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than broad, sides feebly rounded : disk
finely and sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and somewhat more
THE CLICK BEETLES. 755
coarsely on sides and with a vague median impression on basal half; hind
angles slightly divergent. Elytra as in lirus. Length 13.5 mm.
Marshall County; rare. June 26.
1431 (4813). MeELANoTUs DEPRESSUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 151.
Elongate, slender. Fuscous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent ;
antenne and legs paler. Third joint of antenne more than twice as long
as second, subequal to fourth. Thorax as long as wide, sides straight al-
most to apex, then feebly rounded; median line obvious from base to mid-
dle; carine of hind angles long, parallel and close to margin. Elytra dis-
tinctly narrowed from base to apex; the strise feebly impressed, finely punc-
tate. Abdomen coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State. frequent; much more so in the northern
counties. April 17-July 6. Beaten from vegetation. Close to
both trapezoideus and perlinar, From the former it may be known
by the longer thorax and the more nearly equal third and fourth
joints of antenne; from pertinaxz by the paler color, less rounded
sides, and finer punctures of thorax.
1432 (4833). MELANOTUS PERTINAX Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
185 ; ibid. II, 623.
Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, sparsely clothed with very fine
pubescence; antennze and legs much paler. Third joint of antennse twice
as long as second, slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax slightly wider at
middle than long, thence strongly rounded to apex; disk rather coarsely
and very sparsely punctured, a faint median impression on basal half. Ely-
tra gradually attenuate from near middle to apex; strie with feebly im-
pressed punctures; intervals sparsely punctulate, transversely wrinkled.
Length 10-10.5 mm.
Starke and Marshall counties; scarce. May 9-June 26.
1433 (4835). MeELANoTUS TeNAXx Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
: 185; ibid. II, 623.
Elongate, slender. Blackish-piceous; legs and antennz paler. Third
joint of antenne one-half longer than second, a little shorter than fourth.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides almost straight to apical fourth,
thence rounded to apex; disk rather finely and evenly, not closely punctate,
with a vague median impression on basal third. Elytra feebly narrowed
from the base; punctures of strice rather fine, feebly impressed. Length
7.5-8.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. May 16-July 8. Easily known by the
distinct and numerous punctures of elytral intervals.
XNNIV. Limontvs Esch. 1829. (Gr.. ‘found in meadows.’’)
Small or medium-sized rather slender click beetles. usually dull
sooty-brown in color and having the front margined, the mouth
anterior; first joint of tarsi scarcely longer than second; tarsal
claws simple. In some of the species the margin of the clypeus is
756 FAMILY XXNVII.—ELATERIDA.
almost obsolete at the middle. No synopsis of the 30 or more spe-
cies listed from the United States has been published. They begin
to reach maturity in May and are most common from then until
about August J, when they mostly disappear.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIMONIUS. oe
a. Clypeus strongly and deeply emarginate in front; head and thorax
rather densely covered with golden yellow hairs. 1434. AURIPILIS.
aa. Clypeus not, or broadly and shallowly, emarginate in front.
b. Legs and antenne black; thorax brilliant metallic purple, very
sparsely pubescent. 1435. AURIFER.
bb. Legs and antenn reddish-brown or piceous; thorax more or less
densely pubescent, not metallic.
c. Hind angles of thorax distinctly produced and rather strongly
earinate.
d. Color dull sooty brown; length 9 or more mm.
e. Front of clypeus broadly emarginate, indistinctly margined in
the middle.
f. Form slender; antenne distinctly paler than the body, the
third joint notably longer than the second; thorax longer
than broad, its hind angles straight and median impressed
line indistinct ; smaller, 10-14 mm. 1436. GRISEUS.
ff. Form broader; antennse fuscous or sooty brown, the third
joint scarcely longer than second; thorax as broad as long,
hind angles slightly but evidently divergent, median im-
pressed line distinct; larger, 12.5-17.5 min.
1437. INTERSTITIALIS.
ee. Front of clypeus broadly rounded or truncate, not emarginate,
distinctly margined.
g. Clypeus rounded in front; antenne entirely black; thorax
with a median impressed line. 1438. cONFUSUS.
gg. Clypeus truncate in front; antenn:c with basal joints red-
dish ; thorax without median impressed line.
1489. PLEBEIUS.
dd. Color black; length not over 7.5 mun.
h. Second and third joints of antenne together longer than fourth ;
hind angles of thorax not paler. 1440. QUERCINUS.
hh. Second and third joints of antenne small. rounded, together
distinctly shorter than fourth; hind angles of thorax pale
reddish-vellow. 1441. BASTLLARIS.
cc, Hind angles of thorax short, scarcely produced, feebly and indis-
tinctly carinate.
i, Elytra uniform sooty brown or piceous: length 9-11 mm.
oe: : AGONUS.
ii. Vlytra bicolored, piceous and dull reddish-brown; length 5—
6.5 mm. 1442. ORNATIPENNIs.
1434 (4348). LIMONIUS AURIPILIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. III
1825. 172; ibid. TI, 112, Goe.
Elongate-oblong. Piccous black: head and thorax densely, elytra sparse
ly, clothed with yellow hairs; basal joint of antenme, legs, narrow basal
THE CLICK BEETLES. 757
margin of elytra and epipleura, reddish-yellow. Third joint of antenne
as long as fourth and more than twice as long as second. Thorax slightly
longer than broad, sides rounded; disk strongly canyex, densely and rather
coarsely punctured; hind angles very short, feebly carinate. Elytra with
punctured strive; intervals flat, deisely and coarsely punctulate. Length
10.5 mim.
Steuben, Kosciusko and Starke counties; scarce. June 1—July
0. A handsome and easily recognized species.
1435 (4853). Limonivs AURIFER Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 429.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with grayish hairs;
head and thorax shining metallic purple. Second and third joints of an-
tenn small, rounded, equal, together slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded; disk strongly convex, rather
sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytral intervals with punctures almost
as large as those of the strive. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Marion, Jackson and Lawrence counties; searce. May 20-—July
20, Beaten from vegetation.
1486 (4855). LimMonius GRIseUs Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 214.
Elongate, rather slender. Dull grayish or sooty brown, head and tho-
rax densely, elytra more sparsely, clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence ;
legs and basal joints of antennre brownish-red; epipleura, inflexed portion
of thorax and narrow apical and side margins of thorax and side margins
of elytra, often dusky reddish. Third joint of antenn nearly one-third
longer than second, the two tugether langer but narrower than fourth. Tho-
rax slightly longer than wide, distinctly narrower at apex than base, sides
feebly rounded; disk strongly convex, densely and rather coarsely punc-
tured. Elytral strive feebly impressed with rather large punctures; inter-
vals flat, each with three irregular rows of smaller distinct punctures. Length
10-14 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 12—July 12. Taken by
sweeping grass and beating vegetation.
1437 (4856). TaMONICS INTERSTITIALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1845, 215.
Elongate, robust, subdepressed. Dull sooty brown, sparsely clothed
with yellowish hairs, more densely on head. Third joint of antenn scarce-
ly one-fourth longer than second, slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax as
wide as long, sides nearly straight on basal half, feebly rounded in front
of middle; disk rather densely and coarsely punctate, a median impressed
line on basal two-thirds ; hind angles acute, strongly carinate. Elytral strie
with fine punctures; intervals subconvex, distinctly and rather coarsely
punctate. Length 13.5-17.5 mm.
Southern half of the State, frequent; much less so in the north-
ern counties. May 16-September 18. Occurs on vegetation and
beneath cover. Our largest species of the genus.
758 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID.
1488 (4357). Lrmonrus conrusus Lec, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853,
430.
EBlongate-oblong, slender. Dull sooty brown or piceous, slightly bronzed,
sparsely pubescent; antenne entirely piceous; legs and margin of epipleura
reddish-yellow. Second and third joints of antenne short, subequal, to-
gether about as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
feebly rounded; disk convex, densely and rather finely punctured, an im-
pressed median line on basal half; hind angles short, feebly carinate. Ely-
tral strise feebly impressed with close-set punctures; intervals flat, densely
punctulate. Length 9-9.5 mm.
Marion, Lawrence, Monroe and Posey counties; scarce. April
12-September 20. Occurs beneath bark of oak and other trees.
1489 (4858). Limonius PLEeBEJUS Say, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 263;
ibid. I, 396.
Resembles the preceding, but the clypeus is truncate in front; three
basal joints of antennz dull red, the second and third together longer than
fourth; thorax without a median impressed line and with the sides (es-
pecially in the female) more broadly rounded. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.
Posey County; scaree. April 18—May 21.
1440 (4863). LIMoNIUS QUERCINUS Say, loc cit.
Blongate-oblong, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with grayish pubes-
cence; antennse piceous, three basal joints reddish; legs reddish-yellow.
Clypeus broadly emarginate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, strongly
convex, sides feebly rounded; disk finely and rather densely punctate; hind
angles short, subacute, feebly carinate. lytral strive finely impressed,
deeply punctate; intervals finely and sparsely punctulate. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 16-August 11. Oceurs
most frequently on the leaves of oak and hazelnut.
1441 (4866). Limonrus BASILLARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1823, 172; ibid. II, 111.
Closely resembles quercinus but usually a little smaller, with the hind
angles of thorax more obtuse and always reddish-yellow. Antenne with
joints one and two often reddish-brown. Lobe of prosternum and legs red-
dish-yellow. Length 4.2-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 19-October 12. Beaten
from vegetation.
LL. agonus Say and L. maculicollis Mots. have both been recorded
from near Cincinnati. I have seen no specimen or description of
the latter, and hence have not ineluded it in the key.
1442 (4876). LiMonius orNATIPENNIS Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 84.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Black or piceous, finely pubescent with yel-
lowish hairs; elytra each with an oblong, oblique spot reaching from hu-
merus to middle, 2 common crossbar behind the middle and a narrow space
on tips, dull reddish-yellow ; hind angles of thorax, legs and basal joints of
antenne also reddish-yellow. Clypeus truncate; second and third joints of
THE CLICK BEETLES. 759
antenne short, nearly equal, together a little longer than fourth. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, convex, narrowed on basal third; hind angles
short, obtuse, not carinate; surface finely and rather densely punctate. Ely-
tra striate, the striz punctate. Length 5.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. June 5. Beaten from sassafras. De-
scribed from Pennsylvania.
Campylus denticornis Kirby, black with paler margins, elytra
brenzed-piceous, length 11 mm.. is recorded from Pennsylvania and
Ohio.
Pityobius anguinus Lee. long. parallel, blackish-piceous, thorax
with a deep median groove, length 20-25 mm., occurs on pine in the
Southern States and New Hampshire.
NXXV. Aruous Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘slow.’’)
Differs from Limonius in having the first tarsal joint much
longer than second. In all of our species but one, the second and
third tarsal joints are slightly lobed beneath and the thorax is dis-
tinctly longer than broad. Four species have been taken in Indi-
ana, While two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATHOUS.
a. Second and third tarsal joints lobed beneath.
bv. Hind angles of thorax not carinate, the apex rounded.
c. Pale chestnut brown; size larger, 11-14 mm. 1443. BRIGHTWELLI.
ce. Dark sooty brown or piceous; thorax sometimes pale with darker
median stripe; smaller, not over 10 mm. 1444. ACANTHUs.
bb. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate.
d. Second joint of antennzee much smaller than third, the latter equal
to fourth.
ce. Dull reddish- or sooty-brown. 1445. CUCULLATUS.
ec. Black, the bases of thorax and elytra narrowly yellow.
1446. SCAPULARIS.
dd. Second and third joints of antennse small, equal; black, base of
thorax reddish-brown. POSTICUS.
ad. Second and third tarsal joints not lobed beneath. BUFIFRONS.
1448 (4884). ATHOUS BRIGHTWELLI Nirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., 1837, 146.
Elongate, slender. Pale dull brown, sparsely pubescent with yellowish
hairs. Third joint of antenne more than twice the length of second, nearly
equal to fourth. Thorax one-half longer than broad, narrower than elytra;
sides straight, feebly rounded at middle, margin flattened at front angles;
hind angles compressed, obtusely rounded, with margin slightly reflexed ;
disk densely, rather finely punctate, usually with a median transverse line
on basal half. Elytral strise deeply and rather coarsely punctured; inter-
vals subconvex, finely punctate, transversely rugose. Length 11-18 mm.
Throughout the State; searece. May 12-July 5. Oceurs on
grass and foliage cf oak. beech and hickory. <A single specimen
760 FAMILY XXXVIT.--ELATERID.%.
from Koseiusko County is 4 mm. larger than any others in the col-
lection, measuring 18 mm. in length.
1444 (4885). Arnous Acantuus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
178; ibid. II, 615.
Differs from the preceding only iv its smaller size and usually darker
color and in having the thorax more convex and more finely punctured.
Ravely the thorax is reddish-yellow, with a narrow discal black spot. Length
7.5-10 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent: Kosciusko County, scarce.
May 20-June 24.
1445 (4890). ArHous cucuLLATUS Say, Aun. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 264;
ibid. I, 397; II. 618.
Elongate, slender. Dull veddish or sooty-brown, sparsely pubescent
with short, suberect yellowish hairs. Clypeus obtusely rounded and with a
large triangular impression. Thorax one-third longer than wide, sides
straight, male; broadly rounded on apical half, female; disk convex, densely
and rather finely punctured; hind angles obtusely rounded and with a dis-
tinct oblique carina. Elytral strie feebly impressed with somewhat distant
punctures; intervals subconvex, finely and sparsely punctulate, transversely
wrinkled. Length 10.5-11.5 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. May 12-
September 20. The species in hand is the one recognized by
LeConte as Say’s cucu/latus, In the original description Say states
that the “‘second joint of antenn is not much shorter than third,”’
whereas it is not more than one-third the length of third. It is
possible that Say meant that the ‘‘third joint is not much shorter
than fourth.’’? Otherwise LeConte was wrong in his determination,
as the comparative length of these antennal joints seldom varies.
1446 (4895). AtTHOUS scAPULARIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
178; ibid. II, 615.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Black,
opaque, finely and sparsely pubescent; hind an-
gles of thorax and a rather broad humeral
lunule on each elytron reddish-yellow ; legs pic-
eous. Antenne longer than head and thorax,
second joint one-third the length of third. Tho-
rax longer than wide, sides feebly eurved, disk
densely and finely punctate; hind angles short,
obtuse, with a distinct but fine carina. Elytral
intervals subconyex, densely and roughly trans-
versely wrinkled. Length 9.5-10.5 mu. (Pig.
288.)
Kosenisko, Knox, Lawrence, Posey and
Crawford counties; searee, May 28—July
4. Beaten from vegetation, especially that of oak,
Fig. 288. 44. (Original.)
THE CLICK BEETLES. 761
«Ll. posticus Melsh., length 12 mm., and A. rufifrons Rand., tho-
rax reddish with black center, elytra brownish with paler sides.
length 15 mm., have both been recorded from near Cincinnati.
NXAVI. Leproscuem, Horn. 1885. (Gr., ‘‘slender + form.’*)
Differs from Athous only in having the prosternal sutures
double. The antenne are as long as head and thorax; first joint of
hind tarsi much longer than second. the joints not lobed beneath.
Three species are listed from the United States. two of which have
been taken in Indiana.
1447 (4409). Leproscuema rpicotor Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853,
428.
Elongate-oblong, broadest behind the middle. Above black or dark
reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with short, suberect, grayish-yellow pubes-
cence; beneath uniform pale reddish-brown. Clypeus of female obtusely
rounded in front, impressed above. Antenne with second and third joints
each nearly as long as fourth; this and the following joints without promi-
nent angles in either sex. Thorax one-third longer than wide, strongly
convex. sides feebly rounded, disk finely, evenly and densely punctured;
hind angles slightly diverging. strongly carinate. Elytral strie fine, the
punctures small, close-set; intervals flat, rather densely and roughly punc-
tulate. Length 8.5-12 mm.
Putnam County; rare. August 12. <A single female taken
from beneath the bark of a maple log. Tt is more robust. less shin-
ing and more densely punctured beneath than the single male type
in the Cambridge collection.
1448 (4410). LeproscHEMA DISCALCEATTM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc..
VI, 1836. 169; ibid. II, 604.
Elongate, rather slender. Reddish or pale chestnut-brown, very sparse-
ly clothed with fine yellowish pubescence; beneath pale, dull brownish-yel-
low. Clypeus prominent, subtruncate. Second and third joints of antenne
shorter than in bicolor, the outer joints broader, with the angles better de-
fined, thus causing them to appear more serrate. Thorax slightly longer
than broad, sides broadly rounded on apical half; disk more sparsely,
coarsely and unevenly punctured than in bicolor; hind angles slightly di-
varicate, strongly and obliquely carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to
apical fourth, thence converging to a broadly rounded apex; striz finely
punctate; intervals subconvex, sparsely punctulate. Length 11.5-13 mm.
Laporte and Fulton counties: rare. May 26-Angust 3. Taken
from beneath bark of dead tamarack and pine.
NNNVII. Buapts Lee. 1861.
Front not margined behind the labrum; tarsi not lobed beneath;
prosternum not lobed in front, the sutures straight and excavated
in front. But one species is known and was described from Indiana.
762 FAMILY XXXVII.
ELATERID.E.
1449 (4411). Brapus Qgtapricoriis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., VI, 1856,
186; ibid II, 624.
Elongate-oblung. Piceous-black, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs.
Second and third joints of antenme equal, each nearly as long as fourth,
the second more robust than third. Thorax transversely quadrate, sides
nearly parallel; disk densely and coarsely punctured; hind angles nearly
rectangular, not extending backward behind the line of base. Elytral strize
punctate; intervals minutely punctured. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Deseribed from Posey County. One specimen taken by Dury
near Cincinnati. Not seen by me from the State.
XNXXVIII. Norpopres Lec. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘false + appearance.’’)
This genus is represented by a single species which resembles so
closely Limontus griseus that it ean with difficulty be separated.
The clypeus is truncate, suddenly deflexed at tip and not margined
at middle; prosternum with a short lobe, the sutures feebly exca-
vated in front.
1450 (4418). Nornoprs puprrans Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853,
433. ‘
BHlongate-oblong, rather robust. Dull sooty-
brown or piceous, tinged with bronze; rather dense-
ly clothed, especially on head and thorax, with yel-
lowish hairs; legs and antenne paler. Second and
third joints of antennae subequal, together longer
than fourth. Thorax uearly as broad as long,
strongly convex. scarcely narrower in front than
at base, sides feebly rounded; disk rather densely
and finely punctate, with a feebly impressed me-
dian line; hind angles short, subacute, but faintly
carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical third,
thence rounded to apex, strim with punctures; in-
tervals nearly flat, densely punctulate. Length 11-
Hace XR Oriana} 79.5 rnin {Pie 289.5
Southern half of State; frequent. May 14—June 20. Taken by
sweeping grass and low herbs; also especially on leaves of the
greater ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. One specimen was taken from
the clutches of a large bumble-bee like fly, Mallophora sp.2 which
had just captured it and settled down for a feast.
XNNXXIX. Sertovs Eseh. 1829, (Gr., ‘‘silken.’’)
Slender, fusiform species having the front convex, not mar-
gined; prosternal lobe long; hind coxal plates seareely narrower on
outer end. Sericosomus Steph. is a synonym.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 763
1451 (4422). Sericus smtacevs Say, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 260;
ibid. I, 395.
Oblong, slender. Dull reddish-yellow to sooty-brown, rather densely
clothed with yellow hairs; head and thorax often paler than elytra. Sec-
ond and third joints of antennze subequal, together slightly longer than
fourth. Thorax one-half longer than broad, scarcely narrowed in front;
sides rounded on apical third; disk densely and finely punctate; hind an-
gles long, distinctly diverging, not carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to
apical third; the striz with rather large moderately impressed punctures ;
intervals subconvex, sparsely punctulate, transversely wrinkled. Length
6.5-7.5 mm.
Putnam, Knox and Posey counties; scarce. May 22-June 11.
1452 (4424). SERIcUS FLAVIPENNIS Mots., Bull. Soc. Mosc., 1843.
Elongate, slender. Fuscous- or dusky-brown, sparsely clothed with
yellowish hairs; legs and basal half of elytra dull yellow. Second and
third joints of antennz short, equal, together one-third shorter than fourth.
Thorax two-thirds longer than broad, sides nearly straight, disk finely and
very densely punctate; hind angles long, feebly divergent, finely but dis-
tinetly carinate. Elytra with sides attenuate behind the middle, strice punc-
tate; intervals rather densely and roughly punctulate. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. May 23.
XL. Corympberrs Lat. 1834. (Gr., ‘fa brush or pencil.’’)
This genus comprises a laree heterogeneous group, into which
have been shifted species widely different in form, size and color.
They all agree in having the clypeus more or less flattened and not
margined in front; tarsal joints without lobes, the claws simple;
prosternum with a long lobe; hind coxal plates narrow on the outer
end. The genus is badly in need of revision, and no literature ex-
cept the widely scattered descriptions is available. About 80 spe-
cies are known from the United States. of which the following have
been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CORYMBITES.
«. Joints three and four of antennée subequal, or joint three rarely slightly
longer than four.
vb. Antenne serrate; joints + to 10 more or less triangular.
e. Third joint of antenne triangular, not much narrower than fourth ;
form not strongly robust.
d. Color above not uniform brown or piceous.
e. Elytra yellow, thorax black.
f. Elytra with a common sutural spot and two spots on each.
black. 1453. VERNALIS.
ff. Elytra dull yellow, without spots. 1454. TARSALIS.
ee. Elytra black or piceous.
”
764 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDA.
g. Thorax red with a black stripe on disk.
1455. SIGNATICOLLIS.
gg. Thorax piceous with hind angles dull yellow; tips of elytra
dull yellow. COPEI.
dd. Color above uniform dull brown or piccaus.
h. Form elongate, slender, subcylindrical; elytra with sides par-
allel to apical fourth, thence rounded to apex; length 11-
12.5 mm. 1456. CYLINDRIFORMIS.
hh. Form shorter, more robust; elytra distinctly attenuate behind
the middle; length 9-10 mm. 1457. DIVARICATUS.
ce. Third joint of antenne cylindrical, distinctly narrower than fourth ;
form robust. ‘
i. Color black, shining; length 15-23 mm. 1458. AsTHIOPS.
ii. Color not black; length 8-12 mm.
j. Elytra dull yellow with two undulated darker bands; form
subdepressed. 1459. HIEROGLYPHICUS.
jj. Uniform bronzed piceous; form much swollen.
1460. INFLATUS.
bb. Antennze not distinctly serrate; joints 3 to 10 generally subcylin-
drical.
hk. Form elongate, slender; thorax distinctly longer than wide.
1. Elytra uniform dull reddish-brown; length 15 or more mm.
1461. Pyrrios,
il. Elytra with alternate narrow stripes of brown and dull yellow;
length 8-10.5 mm. 1462. BIVITTATUS.
kh. Form oblong, rather robust; thorax as wide as long; color dark
chestnut brown. 1468. ROTUNDICOLLIS.
ad. Joint three of antennse distinctly shorter and more narrow than joint
four.
m. Elongate, parallel; uniform chestnut brown, shining.
1464. SULCICOLLIS.
mm, Oblong, dilated behind the middle.
n. Wlytra dull yellow, cnch with a single dusky hooked line on apical
half. 1465. HWAMATUS.
nn. Wlytra uniform cupreous or brownish-bronzed. SPLENDENS.
W455 (4427). CoRYMBITES VERNALIS Hentz., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., V,
1827, 374.
Elongate-oblong. Color given in key Antenne
strongly serrate, subpectinate in male, third joint
as long as fourth, its outer angle not as much pro-
duced. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
feebly curved, disk densely and finely punctate, a
basal median impressed line; hind angles short,
divergent, faintly carinate. Blytra strongly at-
tenuate on apical third, strie punctate; intervals
flat, minutely punctulate. Length S-10.5 mm. (Fig.
290.)
Posey County; frequent in spring on a
perpendicular loss bank one-half mile south
of New Harmony. April 22~April 26. Taken
Fig. 290. x 4. (Original.)
THE CLICK BEETLES. 765
at the same place on three different years, only on sunny days. when
they flew to the face of the bank and often crawled into small open-
ings. They evidently pupate in burrows in such banks and in the
earth clinging to the roots of uprocted trees.
1454 (4450). Corympires TARSALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, p. 157.
Elongate. rather slender. Black, sparsely and finely pubescent; elytra,
except the very narrow sutural and side margins, dull yellow; legs reddish-
brown. Antenne half the length of body, second joint very small, obconic,
third as wide as and slightly longer than fourth. Thorax one-half longer
than wide: sides nearly straight, feebly curved on apical third; disk mod-
erately convex, rather densely and finely punctured; hind angles obtuse,
slightly excurved and divergent, not carinate. Elytra with sides nearly
parallel to apical third, thence converging to the acute tips; strie feebly
impressed, punctate ; intervals subconvex, densely punctulate. Length 10.5-
11 mm.
Starke and Posey counties: scaree. May 19-June 11. Beaten
from blossoms of cherry trees.
1455 (4448). CoryMBITES SIGNATICOLLIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1845, 216.
Oblong, rather slender. Black, shining; labrum and thorax red, the
latter with a broad median black stripe. Antenne strongly serrate, with
second joint small, obconic; third as long and nearly as wide as fourth.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded; disk sparsely and
rather coarsely punctate; hind angles moderately divergent, with a distinct
oblique carina. Elytral striae with deep, coarse punctures; intervals sub-
convex, sparsely and roughly punctulate. Length 7.5-9.5 mm.
Orange and Crawford counties; May 26-June 12. Twenty or
more specimens were taken from stems of wheat in an upland field
near Wyandotte Cave, and a few beneath logs and stones along the
margin of the same field.
C. copei Horn, length 12 mm., was described from Virginia and
has been taken near Cincinnati.
1456 (4484). CoRYMBITES CYLINDRIFORMIS Herbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 93.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull sooty-brown or piceous, faintly
bronzed, sparsely pubescent ; legs, epipleura and often the very narrow mar-
gins of thorax and elytra and suture of latter dusky reddish. Third joint
of antennie three times as long as second. Thorax one-half longer than
broad, male, one-fourth, female; sides nearly straight, disk densely and
finely punctured, with a median basal impression; hind angles rather strong-
ly diverging, indistinctly carinate. Elytral strive finely punctate; intervals
flat, rather coarsely and densely punctulate. Length 11.5-16 mm.
Porter, Marion, Lawrence and Vigo counties; frequent. March
22-May 6. Occurs on vegetation, usually close to the ground. The
females are s arce and much larger than males, with shorter anten-
ne and thorax,
766 FAWILY NNNVII.MRFELATERIDA.
1457 (4437). CoryMBITES pivartcaTus Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, X,
1853, 446.
Oblong, robust. Dull sooty-brown or piceous, sparsely and finely pubes-
cent. Third joint of antenne slightly longer than fourth, much longer than
second. Thorax of male subquadrate, feebly convex, sides nearly straight,
disk coarsely and densely punctate, hind angles strongly diverging; that
of female wider than long, strongly convex, sides broadly rounded, a deep
impression each side along front margin. Elytral strisxe feebly impressed
with rather coarse punctures; intervals of male flat, densely and roughly
punctulate; of female subconvex, finely and sparsely punctulate. Length
9-12 mm.
Crawford County; searee. June 25-June 28. Beaten from
foliage of oak. The so-called female is very different in appear-
ance from the male. In addition to the distinctions above given,
the body is much more robust, dark shining chestnut-brown in color
and much less pubescent. It was deseribed as C. crassus Lee. and
may yet prove to be a distinct species. The mere fact that two
heetles widely different in appearance are sometimes found in com-
pany, or even rarely in coilu, does not furnish absolute proof of
their identity.
1458 (4468). Corympites ztTuiors Herbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 70.
Elongate, broad, subdepressed. Black, shining, finely and very sparsely
pubescent; legs and antenne piceous or dark reddish-brown. Third joint of
antenne twice the length of second, slightly shorter and much narrower
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than broad, narrowed in front, sides
feebly rounded; disk finely and sparsely punctate on middle, more densely
on sides, with a faint median impressed line; hind angles slightly diverging,
distinctly carinate. Wlytra with sides paralle] to apical third, thence strongly
converging to apex; striae finely and closely punctate; intervals subconvex,.
sparsely and rather coarsely and roughly punctulate. Length 15-23 mm.
Threugheut the State, frequent; more so in the southern eoun-
ties. May 10—June 26. Oceurs usually beneath stones and rubbish
on high. dry hills; also on Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus quinque-
folia Michx. Our largest species of the genus.
1459 (4482). CoryMBITES HIEROGLYPHICUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.
VI, 1886, 172; ibid. IT, 607.
Oblong, robust. Wead and thorax piceous, bronzed, donsely clothed
with very fine, silky grayish-yellow pubescence; elytra dull yellow, with an
oblique undulated blackish band from the humerus, connected by a narrow
sutural stripe with another similar but broader band behind the middle,
the latter with a sutural spur nearly to apex; antenne and legs reddish-
brown. Thorax as in hamatus, the carinie of hind angles indistinet. Ely-
tra with punctures of the strise smaller than in hamatus, otherwise similar.
Length 11-12.5 mm.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 767
Northern third of State; scarce. June 7-June 27. Beaten
from foliage of shrubs and trees about the margins of lakes and
marshes.
1460 (4496). CoryapiTes INFLaTUs Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I. 1825. 25S:
ibid. 1, 392; IT, 609.
Oblong, very robust or swollen. Black, bronzed, rather densely clothed
with short, prostrate grayish and yellow hairs; antenne and legs dull red-
dish-brown. Third joint of antennze more than twice the length of second.
slightly longer but more slender than fourth. Thorax convex, as broad as
long, sides rounded; disk densely and rather finely punctured, with an im-
pressed line on basal half; hind angles short, feebly divergent, distinctly
earinate. Elytral strize faintly impressed with fine punctures; intervals
subconvex, male, flat, female, rather densely and very minutely punctulate.
Length 8.5-11 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; frequent. April 23-June 19.
Taken by sweeping grass or beating foliage; usually in low, open
woods.
1461 (4443). CoRkyMBITES PYRRHOS Hbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 30.
Elongate. slender. Dark reddish brown, finely and rather sparsely pu-
bescent with yellowish hairs. Third joint of antennz equal to fourth and
nearly three times as long as second. Thorax narrower than elytra, two-
thirds longer than wide, subconvex, sides nearly straight; disk rather dense-
ly and coarsely punctate; hind angles moderately diverging, finely carinate.
Elytra with sides parallel to apical third, thence converging to apex; stri:e
finely punctate; intervals nearly flat, finely and rather sparsely punctulate.
Length 15-19 mm.
Lake. Starke and Steuben counties: scarce. June 7-July 12.
1462 (4444). CoRYMBITES BIVITTATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1845, 219.
Elongate, slender. Piceous black or dark sooty brown, sparsely pubes-
cent with yellowish hairs; legs, hind angles of thorax, and intervals 1 to 3
and 5 to 7 of elytra, dull yellow. Antenne as in pyrrhos. Thorax narrower
than elytra, one-half longer than wide. sides nearly straight; disk densely
granulate-punctate; hind angles elongate, moderately divergent, indistinctly
earinate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical fourth; stris punctate; inter-
vals flat, roughly punctulate. Length S-10.5 mm.
Jefferson and Posey counties: scarce. June +-June 15. The
dull yellow on upper surface varies in extent. Sometimes the entire
elytra except a nerrow sutural line and side margin are of this hue
and it often ferms a narrow median line on thorax.
#1463 (4498). CoRYMBITES ROTUNDICOLLIS Say. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. I, 1S2h.
259; ibid. I, 394.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark chestnut-brown, shining, not pu-
bescent ; thorax often reddish-brown. Third joint of antenne slightly shorte;
[49—23402]
768 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERIDZ.
than fourth. Thorax rounded, subquadrate, strongly convex, sides rounded ;
disk sparsely and finely punctate; hind angles short, acute, divergent, strong-
ly carinate. Elytra parallel, male, or slightly dilated behind the middle,
female; strise deeply impressed without punctures; intervals convex, sparse-
ly and very finely punctulate. Length 9.5-10.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. September 29—Deceniber 12. Hibernates
beneath logs on sandy hillsides. Occurs on foliage of Virginia
ereeper, Parthenocissus quinquefolia Michx.
1464 (4466). Corympires sticicoriis Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Ilist., I, 1825,
256; ibid. I, 391; IT, 602.
Elongate, rather slender. Uniform chestnut-brown, shining, not pubes-
cent. Third joint of antenne twice as long as second, nearly one-third
shorter and slightly narrower than fourth. Thorax one-third longer than
wide, widest at the front angles, slightly convex; disk finely and rather
densely punctate, with an entire and deeply impressed median line; hind
angles acute, slightly divergent, distinctly carinate. Elytra with sides par-
allel to apical third, thence rounded to apex, strie punctured; intervals sub-
convex, finely and densely punctulate. Length 14-16 mm.
Whitley, Marion and Lawrence eounties; frequent. March 14-
August 7. On the earlier date a half dozen or more were taken’
from beneath the loose bark of an ash snag, so that the species prob-
ably hibernates as imago.
1465 (4479). CoryYMBITES HAMATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
170; ibid. II, 605.
Oblong, robust, dilated at middle. Head, thorax and under parts dark
reddish-brown to piceous; thorax densely clothed with yellow hair; elytra
dull yellow, with a brownish stripe on outer side from tip to near middle.
where it curves inward and backward. Sccond and third joints of antennm
small, subequal, together scarcely as long as fourth. Thorax convex, searcely
longer than wide, sides broadly rounded; disk finely and densely punctured,
with a faintly impressed median line on basal half, hind angles feebly di-
vergent, distinctly carinate. Elytral strise deeply impressed with rather
coarse punctures; intervals subconvex, densely punctulate. Length 9.5-
11 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 1. Taken hy Dury near Cincinnati
from foliage of honey locust.
C. splendens Zieg., hind angles of thorax and epipleura reddish,
length 10-13 mm., has been recorded from New England, Pennsvl-
vania and Ohio.
XLII Oxyaonts Lee. 1863. (Gr. “sharp | angle.’?)
Differs from Cormmubites only in having the tarsal claws armed
with a broad tooth near the base. Of the two spevies known, one oe-
eurs in Indiana.
THE CLICK BEETLES. 769
1466 (4499). Oxyconus ozesus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1823,
168; ibid. 11, 109, 603.
Oblong, rather robust. Antennz, head and thorax piceous, bronzed;
densely clothed with fine yellowish hairs; elytra and under parts dull red-
dish-brown, more sparsely pubescent; legs and two basal joints of antenne
paler. Third joint of antennz twice as long as second, shorter than fourth.
Thorax as wide at base as long, narrower in front; sides feebly rounded ;
disk finely and densely punctate; hind angles divergent, not carinate. Ely-
tra slightly widest behind the middle, then strongly attenuate to acute tips;
striz with indistinct punctures; intervals subconvex, minutely punctulate.
Length 10 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 5.
XLIT. Asapues Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘obscure.’’)
Differs from Corymbilrs only in the structure of the tarsi which
have the first joint as long as the next two together; the second and
third joints each dilated beneath into a short spongy lobe; fourth
joint small and narrow, received upon the third; fifth joint elongate
with simple claws. The known North American species are treated
in the following paper:
Horn.— ‘Notes on the Species of Asaphes of Boreal America,”’
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 69-75.
Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others prob-
ably oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ASAPHES. -
a. Hind angles of thorax carinate, basal margin with short, more or less
distinct fissures.
b. Hind angles not divergent; prosternal spine curved.
ec. Third joint of antenne shorter than fourth.
d. Thorax very sparsely and indistinctly punctured. INDISTINCTUS.
dd. Thorax rather finely but distinctly punctured.
1467. BREVICOLLIS.
ee. Third joint of antennee equal to fourth. 1468. MEMNONIUS.
bb. Hind angles of thorax divergent; prosternal spine horizontal. (Tig.
291.) DECOLORATUS.
ad. Hind angles of thorax not carinate; basal margin without fissures.
1469. BILOBATUS.
A, indistinctus Lec., piceous, length 11 mm., is a southern species
recorded from Cincinnati.
1467 (——). ASAPHES BREVICOLLIS Cand., Mon. Hlat., IV, 212.
Elongate, rather robust. Piceous-black or dark reddish-brown, shining,
sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence; antenne paler, third joint two-
thirds the length of fourth. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly curved.
770 FAMILY XXXVII.—ELATERID.
male; subquadrate, more convex, sides more distinctly curved, female; disk
rather finely punctured, more densely and coarsely on sides; median im-
pressed line distinct on basal half. Elytral strie finely punctured ; intervals
subconvex, rather sparsely punctulate. Length 11-14 mm.
Lake County: scaree. July I-July 11. Horn placed this as a
depauperate forin of memnonius, but the latter always has the third
and fourth joints of antenne equal. Blanchard, who has given
mich study to the Elateridx, considers the two distinct.
*1468 (4510). ASAPHES MEMNONIUS Hbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 29.
Elongate, robust. Piceous to pale brown, sparsely pubescent ; legs paler.
Thorax as long as broad, sides nearly straight, less convex, male; broader
than long, strongly convex, sides moderately curved, female; disk densely
and coarsely punctate; hind angles with carina parallel with the margin.
Elytral strize moderately deeply impressed with coarse shallow punctures;
intervals subconvex, rather densely punctulate. Length 15-22 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; less
so in the southern counties. June 8—De-
cember 27. Occurs beneath stones and
rubbish in dry localities. Taken in win-
ter from beneath the bark of red oak
logs.
A. decoloratus Say, piceous, black,
often feebly bronzed, legs paler, length
9-15 mm., is said to oceur in the ‘‘ At-
lantie region as far west as Missouri.’’
(Fig. 291.) :
1469 (4511). AsaPHUS BILoBATUS Say, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soe, VI, 1836,
Fig. 291. x 44, Asaphes decoloratus Say. 174; ibid. II, 610.
(Alter Forbes) Elongate, rather slender. Dark chestnut
to paler brown, shining; finely and very sparsely pubescent; antenne and
legs paler. Thorax of male longer than wide, sides straight, convergent in
front; of female, nearly square, sides more or Jess curved, rarely slightly
sinuate behind the middle; disk in both sexes moderately convex, finely
and rather sparsely punctate; hind angles obtuse, not carinate. Elytra
striate, the strise coarsely punetured; those nearest the suture much less
deep in female; intervals subconvex, each with two rows of fine punctures.
Length 13-16 mm.
Laporte and Posey counties; rave. June 25-Angust 20,
NLT. Menanactes Lee, 1853. (Gr., “black 4 shining.’’)
Large, smooth, shining black beetles, distinguished from allied
genera hy having the sides of ihe mesosternal cavity raised and
swollen so as to be protuberant, and the tarsal joints furnished he-
THE CLICK BEETLES. TH
neath with a dense brush of hairs. The antennx are serrate with
third joint usually a little longer than fourth and the hind angles
of thorax are prominent and strongly carinate. Four of the seven
species known from the United States have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANACTES,
a. Strive on disk of elytra not at all impressed, their punctures very fine
and separated one from another by more than their own diameters ;
intervals flat, very minutely and indistinctly punctulate.
1470. PICEUS.
aa. Striz of elytra more or less impressed, the punctures more distinct and
not separated by more than their own diameters; intervals distinctly
punctulate.
b. Elytral strie deeply impressed, coarsely punctate; intervals strongly
convex. 1471. MORIO.
bb. Elytral striz feebly impressed, finely punctured; intervals nearly
flat.
ce. Thorax rather sparsely and finely punctured.
1472. PUNCTICOLLIS.
cc, Thorax very densely and coarsely punctured. 1478. CoNSORS.
1470 (4514). MELANACTES PIcEUS DeGeer, Ins., IV, 1775, 162.
Elongate, subdepressed. iy
Black, strongly shining; i
antennz and tarsi piceous.
Thorax a little longer than
broad, slightly narrowed in
front and at base of hind
angles; sides feebly curved,
strongly margined; disk
finely, sparsely and shal-
lowly punctate, more dense-
ly at sides. Elytra with
sides parallel to middle,
thence feebly narrowed
into a rounded apex.
Length 23-32 mm.
Throughout the
State; searee in the
northern counties; fre-
quent in the southern
part. May 18—July 23.
Oceurs beneath stones
and rubbish in dry lo-
calities. (Fig. 292.) © I
Fig. 292. Melanactes piceus DeG.—a, larva as seen by day; b, same
The suppose d larva, as seen by night; c, beetle; d, enlarged head and parts of larva; e, en-
} - _larged leg of same. (After Riley.)
when full grown, is
tl ei
Te FAMILY XNXNVIT.—ELATERID®.
about three inches in length, subdepressed, and has a row of pale
yellow spots along middle of back and another each side. In the
dark these glow very brilliantly with a greenish-yellow pbhosphores-
cent light. Henshaw claims that this is not the larva of J/. piceus.
hut that of a spevies of Phengodes.
1471 (4516). Meranacres morto Fab., Ent. Syst., Emend. Suppl., 1798, 138.
Resembles piccus in form and structure; differs mainly by characters
given in key. The thorax is proportionally shorter, being as broad as long
and is somewhat more coarsely punctured. Length 22-26 mm.
Vigo and Parke counties; rare. June 12-June 17.
1472 (4517). MerLaNacTrEs PUNCTICOLLIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VI, 1852, Os.
Blongate, rather slender. Black, shining. Thorax longer than wide,
somewhat narrowed in front, slightly rounded on sides, which are less
strongly margined than in the two preceding species; disk rather finely and
sparsely punctured, more densely on the sides; hind angles slightly di-
vergent. Elytral intervals subconvex, finely and rather densely punctu-
late. Length 18-21 mm.
Marion, Vigo and Knox counties; searce. May 23-June 25. Oc-
eurs beneath rubbish.
1473 (4518). Mrnanactes consors Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X, 1853,
495.
Klongate, robust. Black, not very shining. Thorax not longer than
wide, as wide at middle as at hind angles, more convex than in any of the
preceding species; sides broadly rounded, strongly margined; disk densely
and coarsely punctured, median dorsal line not distinct, somewhat smooth.
Ilytra slightly narrower than thorax, more obtusely rounded at apex than
in any except piceus; strive distinctly punctured; intervals slightly convex,
finely punctulate, transversely wrinkled. Length 23 mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 19. A single specimen taken from a
blackberry bush. Described from Nebraska.
Subfamily III. PEROTHOPINAE.
In this subfamily the anteniaw are well separated at base and
arise from small pits beneath well-marked frontal vidges, at a dis-
tance in front of the eves; the mouth is inferior: labrum transverse.
curved in front, closely united with the clypeus; prosternum slightly
lobed in front, the spine very short: front coxe small, globular,
without trovhantin; middle coxe oval with a small trochantin; hind
cox transverse, the plates broadly dilated on the inner side: tarsal
claws with comb-like teeth. The subfamily is represented by the
single genus:
THE CLICK BEETLES. 773
XLIV. Peroruops Erichs. 1842. (Gr., ‘‘to pierce + face.’’)
To this genus belong two medium-sized, oblong, robust species
having the first joint of antenne elongate, conical, second one-third
as long, third twice the length of second and one-half longer than
fourth. One of the two occurs in Indiana.
1474 (4538). Prroruors muctpa Gyll., Schon. Syn. Ins., 1827, 133.
Oblong, parallel. Piceous, male; reddish-brown, female; feebly shin-
ing; sparsely clothed with very fine grayish pubescence. Thorax short,
wider than long, narrower in front, sides feebly curved, male, more strongly,
female, slightly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are short, subacute.
feebly diverging, not carinate; disk very finely punctate, with sparse and
coarser punctures intermixed, a feebly impressed median line on basal half.
Elytra striate, the strive indistinctly punctate; intervals flat and equal, male,
or alternately slightly narrower and more convex, female, finely punctu-
late. Length 11-18 mm.
Monroe, Posey and Crawford counties; searee. May 12-June
11. Oceurs on the trunks and branches of old beech trees.
’ Subfamily IV. CEROPHYTINAE.
While no member of this subfamily has been taken in Indiana,
it is doubtless represented in the southern third of the State by a
rare spevies, Cerophyluwm pulsator llald.. a single specimen of which
was taken by Dury near Cincinnati. It is an oblong black beetle,
7.5-8.5 mm. in length, with the hind cexal plates wholly wanting;
tarsal claws pectinate on basal half; antenn: pectinate in male, ser-
rate in female; elytra deeply striate, the strive coursely and closely
punctate.
Family XX XVIII. THROSCID.1.
Tue Pseupo Ciuick BEETLES.
This family contains only a few small oblong black or brownish
beetles which resemble the Elaterids, and the next family, the Bu-
prestids, in form and in having the prosternum prolonged behind
into a spine which fits into a cavity in the mesosternum. They
differ from the Elateride in having the pro- and mesosterna firmly
joined, thus preventing the power of leaping possessed by most click
_ beetles. From the Buprestidw they are distinguished by having the
ventral abdominal scements all free. The adult beetles are found
on flowers. while the habits of the larva are as vet almost unknown.
In addition to the characters ubove mentioned, the Throscids
have the antenne 11-jointed, inserted on the front, and in repose
7174 FAMILY XXXVIII.-—THROSCIDA.
reveived in grooves along the inner margins of the inflexed portions
of thorax; head immersed in thorax to the eyes; mouth inferior,
applied iu repose to the prosternum; thorax deeply suleate on under
side along the sutures for reception of antenne; prosternum with a
rounded lobe in front which protects the mouth; front and middle
coxe small, rounded, without trochantins, the cavities of the former
closed behind by the mesosternum ; hind cox transverse and dilated
into a plate partly covering the thighs: tarsi short, five-jointed,
joints 1 to + being furnished beneath with long membranous lobes;
claws simple.
The name Throscus, that of the typical genus, is ill-suited to
these beetles, since it is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘‘to
leap upon.’’? The fixity of the thorax upon the trunk precludes any
such motion. The family is represented in the United States by
three genera and 18 species. Of these five species, belonging to two
genera, have been taken in Indiana. The principal paper on the
North American forms is by
Horn,— ‘Synopsis of the Throscide of the United States,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, 198-208.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF THROSCIDA.
a. Antenne serrate, their cavities on prosternum short, straight; no tarsal
grooves. I. DRaAPETEs.
aa. Antenne terminating in a three-jointed club, their cavities long and
curved; tarsal grooves present on metasternum. II. THroscus.
I. Draperes Redt. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘to run away.’’)
To this genus belong four species, one of which has been taken in
the State, while two of the others may in time be found. Since the
table by which they are separated is brief, it is herewith given.
KEY TO SPECIES OF DRAPETES,
a. Thorax black.
bv. Elytra red and black.
ce. Elytra with a broad sub-basal red crossbar. 1475. GEMINATUS.
ce, Elytra with humeral and subapical red spots.
QUADRIPUSTULATUS.
bb. Elytra wholly black. NITIDUS.
aa. Thorax red, elytra black. RUBRICOLLIS.
1475 (4542). Draperrs ceminatus Say, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 264;
ibid. I, 398.
Oblong, convex. Black, shining, very sparsely pubescent. Elytra with
a broad sub-basal red crossbar, this sometimes divided at the suture or re-
duced to a round spot on each side. Thorax as wide at base as long, grad-
——
THE PSEVDO CLICK CTEETLES. ii9
ually narrowing to front, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctured ;
carine of hind angles extending two-thirds to apex. Elytra slightly wider
than thorax, not striate, sparsely. finely and irregularly punctate. Length
4 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 25—June 26. Oceurs
especially on Howers of milkweed.
D, quadripustulaius Bony.. more robust. thoracic carine shorter.
length 4 mm.. ranges from Wisconsin to Flerida and has been re-
corded from Cincinnati. D. nitidus Melsh.. wholly piceous black,
length 4 mm.. is known from Pennsylvania.
II. Turosevs Lat. 1796. (Gr.. “to leap upon.’’)
In this genus the antenne vary in the two sexes. In the male
the club is one and a half times the length and three times as broad
as all the preceding joints together: in the female it is very little
longer than the six preceding joints and not more than twice as wide
as ther. The eves of the male are larger and less separated in
front. Four species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF THROSCUS.
a. Eyes entire.
b. Strive of presternum much shortened.
ec. Hind angles of thorax without trace of carina. 1476. PUNcTatTts.
ec. Hind angles with a distinct but short carina close to the side mar-
gin. 1477. INVIStS.
bb. Strie of prosternum entire or nearly so; hind angles not carinate.
1478. CONSTRICTOR.
aa, Eyes with a narrow oblique impression very nearly dividing them into
two equal portions; striw of prosternum entire; elytral intervals with
two rows of punctures. 1479. CHEVROLATI.
1476 (4547). THRoscts ptUncTaTts Bony., Monog. Throscidw, 1859. 15.
Oblong, convex. Dark brown. moderately shining, sparsely and very
finely pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. sides strongly con-
verging from base to apex, disk distinctly depressed on basal third, coarsely,
equally and rather closely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, striate.
strie rather closely punctate; intervals flat, each with two rows of close
set punctures which are almost as large as those of strie. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. May 2s Ina specimen at hand the elytra
are reddish-brown and the thorax piceous.
1477 (4548). TurRosets invists Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Sec.. XII,
1885, 201.
Resembles punctatus but somewhat larger, darker and more robust.
with the basal region of thorax Jess impressed, the punctures of disk more
widely separated and a fine but distinct carina close to the margin on hind
angles. Length 3.5-4+ mm.
776 FAMILY XXXIX.—-BUPRESTIDA,
Owen and Posey counties: scarce. April 29-June 15. One
specimen on the later date from flowers of Cornus.
1478 (4549). THROSCUS CONSTRICTOR Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 18386,
"489; ibid. II, 629.
Oblong, convex. Reddish-brown to piceous, moderately shining, sparsely
pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, rather strongly narrowed
in front, sides feebly curved; surface coarsely and rather closely punctate,
and strongly depressed each side on basal third. Elytra not wider than
thorax, finely striate, strive punctate; intervals flat, each with two rows of
sparse, rather fine punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Marion and Perry counties; rare. June 12. Occurs from Can-
ada to Georgia on flowers and leaves of May-apple and other low
herbs.
*1479 (4553). THROSCUS CHEVROLATI Bony., Monog. Throscidse, 1859, 21.
Oblong, convex. Reddish-brown, clothed with rather
coarse, yellowish pubescence. Clypeus with two distinct par-
allel carinie. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, much
narrowed in front, widest in front of hind angles, which
ave prolonged and indistinctly carinate; surface rather finely
and sparsely punctate, the basal region not depressed. Kly-
tra slightly narrower than thorax, somewhat narrower be-
hind the middle; surface with distinctly impressed and
punctate strisze; intervals each with two rows of fine punc-
Fig. 293. x 11' tures. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. (Fig. 293.)
(Original)
Throughout the State; frequent. January 21—No-
vember 18. THibernates beneath rubbish. Readily known hy its
obliquely iupressed eves and biearinate front.
Family XXNXIX. BUPRESTID-_E.
Tue Merauuic Wocvo-BokiING BEETLES.
A family of moderate extent, comprising beetles which vary
much in shape and size. The larger ones are usually oblong ellip-
tical and somewhat flattened, while many of the smaller species are
cither elongate and subevlindrieal or short and ovate. Their bodies
are hard and intiexible, with usually a bronzed or metallic surface.
The antenne are short, rather slender and finely but distinctly ser-
rate. Many of them resemble the click beetles in general form, but
have the thorax and abdomen firmly united. so that they have no
power of leaping.
The Buprestidw are preéminently a tropical family, and in the
torrid regions veach a large size-and reflect the light from their
polished bodies with an almost dazzling brillianey. The adults of
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. TTT
our Indiana species are usually found upon flowers or upon the
trunks and limhs of trees, basking in the sunshine. When disturbed
they drop to the ground and feign death. The name of the typical
genus, Buprestis, is from two Greek words meaning ‘‘ox’’ and ‘‘to
blow up or swell,’’ and was applied by the ancients to an insect
whose sting caused a swelling in cattle, or which being eaten by
cattle in the grass caused them to swell up and die.’’ The name was
afterward applied by Linneus to the members of the present family.
The principal characters, othcr than those above mentioned,
which distinguish the family are the 11-jointed antenne inserted
upon the front, the outer joints furnished: with pores; head im-
mersed in the ihorax to the eyes; prosternum prolonged behind, fit-
ting intu mesosternum, the latter short, divided into two portions,
which complete the front coxal cavities; elytra covering the abdo-
men or leaving but one segment exposed; abdomen with five ventral
segments, the first and serond united, the others free; front. and
middle cox globular, with distinet troehantin ; hind coxw -trans-
verse, concave behind, dilated into a plate partially covering the
femora: tarsi 5-jointed, the first. four joints each with more or less
developed membranous lobes beneath.
The larvw of the larger Buprestids are wood borers,, usually
living under the bark of trees which are just beginning to decay, -
though some of them penetrate the solid wood. They. are some-
what flattened in form, wholly destitute of legs, and have the head
small and the first two or three thoracic segments very much broad-
ened, so as to give the grubs a hammer-like form. For that reason
they are known as ‘‘hammer heads”’ or ‘‘flat-headed borers,’’ and
some of them do much injury to orehards. Their burrows are broad
and shallow, corresponding with the shape of the larger part of the
body. These larger Buprestids are usually the first insects to at-
tack trees which have been injured by sun seald, forest fires, or
which have otherwise had their vitality weakened. They therefore
occupy a position intermediate between the genuine wood borers,
the Cerambycida and Seolytide, which bore into the solid wood, and
those other wood beetles, like some of the Elateridw and Lucanide,
which inhabit only wood and bark in an advanced stage of decay.
The larva of some of the smaller Buprestids, notably those of
the slender-hodied species of Agrilus, are shaped like the “‘flat-
heads’”’ above mentioned, and inhabit the stems of small trees and
shrubs. One of the best known of these is the ‘‘raspberry cane
borer,’”? which causes galls on the stems of blackherry and rasp-
berry. The larve of other small, short-bodied forms, are slender
778 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTIDAs.
and cylindrical, with three pairs of short, widely separated legs.
These live in leaves and soft twigs and are known as leaf miners.
The two principal papers treating of the North American forms
are as follows:
LeConte,—‘‘Revision of the Buprestide of the United States,’’
in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 1859, 187-258.
Crolch, G. R.—‘ ‘Notes on the Species of Buprestide found in
the United States,’’? « Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1873,
84-96.
In addition to these, monographs or synopses of several of the
principal gencra have appeared and will be mentioned under the
proper heading.
Nearly 5,000 species of Buprestidw are known, only about 300 of
which are from the United States. Tor convenience the family is
first divided into tribes, and these, in turn, into genera. Of the six
tribes recognized in the North American fauna, representatives of
four oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF BUPRESTIDA,
«a. Wind coxre with the plates distinctly dilated near base, cut off on the
outer end by the prolongation of the abdomen; their front margin
straight, hind margin oblique; fourth targal joint not lobed.
Tribe I. BUPRESTINI, p. 778.
aa. Hind coxal plates searcely dilated internally or near base.
b. Thorax lobed at the base; front narrowed by the insertion of the an-
tenne.
c, Mesosternum emarginate, not divided; species larger, 5-11 mm.
Tribe II. Junop1n1, p. 792.
cc. Mesosternum scarcely visible; species smaller, not over 3 mm.
Tribe III. MastocEnint, p. 795.
bb. Thorax truncate at base; clypeus not narrowed by the insertion of
the antenne; form slender. Tribe IV. AGRILINI, p. TD.
Tribe I. BUPRESTINI.
To this tribe belong our largest and also some of the smaller spe-
cies. They are more or less flattened in form and are distinguished
hy the characters given above and by the mesosternum being always
divided so that the cavity for the reception of the prosternal spine
is formed both by the meso- and metasternum. Nine genera are
known to be represented in Indiana, while another may oceur,
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BUPRESTINI,
a. Prosternal spine obtusely angulated behind the front cox; epimer
metathorax triangular, uncovered; scutellum small.
b. Mesosternum and metasternum closely united
tered over the sides of the joints; size large,
a of
; antennal pores scat-
19 or more inm.
IT. CHALCOPHORA.
ait sien Sv GO JORING BEETLES. 779
bb. Mesosternal suture distinct; pores of antenne in small pits on the
under side of the joints; size medium, rarely over 17 mm.
ce. Prosternal spine obtusely rounded at apex.
d. Mentum entirely horn-like; elytra without yellow markings.
e. Scutellum small, rounded; tarsi broad, shorter than the tibir.
II. Drcerca.
ee. Scutellum much broader than Jong, truncate behind.
III. PcacrLowora.
dd. Mentum menybranous in front; elytra usually marked with yel-
low. IV. BUPRESTIS.
ce. Prosternal spine acute at apex; form very slender. V. CINYRA.
aa. Prosternal spine acutely angulated behind the coxée, acute at tip; epi-
mera of metathorax partly covered by abdomen.
f. Clypeus not contracted by the insertion of the antennie; size small,
usually flattened.
g. Mentum leather-like in front; base of thorax sinuate.
VI. MELANOPHILA.
gg. Mentum entirely horn-like.
~ h. Base of thorax truncate; antennie serrate in both sexes.
a VII. ANTHANXIA.
hh. Base of thorax sinuate; antennre pectinate in male, serrate in
female. XENORHIPIS.
ff. Clypeus contracted by the antenne being inserted at the inner ex-
tremity of short oblique grooves; size medium; form rather broad
and flat.
i. Third joint of tarsi truncate; hind tarsi with first joint elongate;
scuteHum large, acuminate. VIII. CrrrysoBoTHrRis.
ii. Third joint of tarsi much prolonged at side; hind tarsi with first
and second joints equal; scutellum small. IX. AcTENODES.
I. Crarcoprora Sol. 1833. (Gr., ‘copper 4 lbearing.’’)
Here belong the largest of our Buprestids, having the antenna:
inserted in small fover ; mentum broadly emarginate in front; hind
tarsi with first joint clongated. The males have a distinct sixth
ventral segment.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CIHALCOPHORA.
a. Margins of elytra entire or very finely serrate; median dorsal impres-
sion of thorax broad, more or less irregular.
b. Sutural stria of elytra on apical half only; color dull black, feebly
bronzed. 1480. VIRGINIENSIS.
vb. Sutural stria of elytra entire; coppery or brassy yellow.
1481. LIBERTA.
aa. Margins of elytra strongly serrate on apical third; median impression
of thorax deep, narrow. 1482. CAMPESTRIS.
780 PAMILY XNXXIX.—BUPRESTID.F.
1480 (4569). CHALCOPHORA VIRGINIENSIS Drury, Ins. I, 1770, 66.
BPlongate-oval, robust. Dull black, feebly bronzed, the impressions of
thorax and elytra often brassy. Head with a deep, median groove, this
broader and deeper in front. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides
rounded on apical third, disk with a broad median impression and two
others each side, in the regions of the front and hind angles. Elytra each
with four to six elongate impressed spaces which are finely and rather
densely punctate. Length 23-30 mm.
Clark County; rare. June 30, Said to be common in the
Middle, Eastern and Southern States. Oceurs usually on pine.
1481 (4570). CHALCOPHORA LIBERTA Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov., 1824, 38.
Elongate-oval. Bright.copper or brassy yellow ; antenne,
legs and raised lines of thorax and elytra piceous brown.
Thorax transverse, sides broadly rounded, disk with three
broad raised lines, the middle one entire, the others inter-
rupted at base, the intervals between them, as well as the
sides, very coarsely and irregularly punctured. Elytra each
with four raised lines, the second of which is wider than the
Fig. 294. Natural first, or one next the suture, and broadly interrupted before
size. (After Packard and behind the middle by two impressed spots; stria be-
Lea ated U.S. tween the suture and first raised line entire. Length 19-
24mm. (Fig. 294.)
Frequent on the serub pines, Pinus banksiana Lamb, in the dune
region of Lake, Porter and Laporte coanties; not noted elsewhere in
the State. May 28-September 19. The adults feed upon the young
buds and leaves of pine, while the young live as borers in the de-
eaying wood.
1482 (4573). CHALCOPHORA CAMPESTRIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 165; ibid. I, 60.
Blongate-oval. Uniform grayish bronzed above; polished cupreous be-
neath. Thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, sides nearly straight ;
disk with a deep median channel, sides roughly and wnevenly punctured.
Elytra each with four narrow and somewhat interrupted raised lines, the
broader intervals transversely roughened, a large slightly impressed spot
before and another behind the middle. Length 22-28 mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. April 11—Iuly
heech, oak and other trees.
Occurs on
TT. Dicere, Esch. 1829, (Ga. ‘tao tails.’’)
Dull bronzed species of medium size, which, in addition to the
characters mentioned in generic key, have the tips of elytra more or
less prolonged and tapering. thus forming a kind of tail. About 20
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 781
species are known from the United States. five of which have been
taken in Indiana, while one other perhaps occurs,
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DICERCA.
a. Elytra much prolonged at apex.
b. Tips of elytra entire. 1483. DIVARICATA.
bb. Tips of elytra bidentate. PUGIONATA.
ad. Elytra not much prolonged at apex, the tips bidentate.
ec. Thorax and elytra uniform without elevated smooth ridges.
d. Thorax narrowed from the base; impressions of thorax and elytra
distinct. 1484. oBscuRA.
dd. Thorax narrowed from the middle; impressions indistinct.
1485. LURipa.
ce. Thorax and elytra uneven, the latter with short elevated smooth
ridges.
ec. Front of head with a transverse carina; middle tibiw of male den-
tate. 1486. SPRETA.
ee. Front not carinate; middle tibiae of male simple.
1487. ASPERATA.
1483 (4577). Dicerca DIVARICATA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1823, 163; ibid. II, 105, 590.
Elongate-oval. Above brassy brown or grayish-cu-
preous; beneath cupreous. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, side margins subangulate at middle; disk with
a median impressed line and an indentation before the
scutellum, its sides roughly, coarsely and unevenly punc-
tured. Elytra with tips much prolonged and usually
somewhat divergent; surface substriate, coarsely and
irregularly punctate and with numerous raised reticulate
smooth spaces. Length 16-21 mm. (Fig. 295.) i
Fig. 295. (After Pack-
Throughout the State; scarce. May 2+ June ard in Tiith Rep. U. 8.
= A nt. Comm.)
27. The larve burrow in the wood of beech and
cherry and the beetles are usually found on the trunks or branches
of these trees, though sometimes on apple, maple and oak, all of
which have light colored bark, thus serving to protect the basking
beetle from its enemies. One specimen was taken on June 12 from
the clutches of a large bumble-bee-like fly, Wallophora sp.?
D. caudata Lee. is a small variety, more convex in form and
having the thorax feebly narrowed from base to apex instead of
widest at middle. ‘A single specimen was taken from the flowers of
willow near Pine, Lake County, May 30.
D. pugionata Germ., bronzed-cupreous, length 11-13.5 mm.. is
known from Pennsylvania and Maryland.
782 PAMILY XNXIX.—BUPRESTID&.
1484 (4579). Dicrrca opscura Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 190.
Resembles closely the next species. Distinguished by its duller color,
more depressed fourm, and by having the punctured impressed spaces ot
elytra larger and more distinct. The thorax is feebly narrowed from base
to apex, not broadest at middle, as in lucida, and has a Jarge oblique im-
pression on each side. Length 16-18 min.
Posey County; rare. November 9. One in Webster collection
labeled ‘‘Ind.’’
1485 (4579a). Drcrrca LuripA Fab., loc cit.
Elongate-oval. Grayish-bronzed above, dull cu-
preous beneath. ‘Thorax one-half wider than long;
side margins broadly rounded on apical two-thirds ;
surface rather evenly and coarsely punctured on the
sides, the disk smoother. Elytra striate, the intervals
coarsely punctate; surface with a number of small,
densely punctate impressions; apices but little pro-
longed, the tips bidentate. Length 14-19 mm. (Fig.
296.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 20-
August 16. Oceurs on hickory, in the wood of
which the larvee live; also beneath stones. Listed
; as a variety of obscura, but probably a valid
Fig. 296. (After Packard in As
Fifth Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. Species.
1486 (4581). Dicerca sprera Gory, Mon. Buprest., IV, 1837, 108.
Oblong-oval. Above brassy-bronzed, beneath cupreous. Front concave,
with a transverse carina between the bases of antenne. Thorax one-half
wider than long, sides rounded in front, parallel on basal half; disk with
four elevated smooth lines, between which and on the sides are a number
of irregular and deep punctured impressions. Elytra with interrupted
coarsely punctured striz and with a number of small scattered, elevated.
polished brown spaces; tips short, hidentate. Apex of abdomen emarginate
in male; tridentate in female. Length 17 mm.
Crawford County; rare. September 9. Taken from trunk of
oak tree.
1487 (4582). Dicerca Asperata Lap. & Gory, Mon. Buprest., 1837, 105.
Elongate-oval. Brassy-bronzed above, cupreous beneath. Front of
head concave, coarsely and rugosely punctate, without transverse carina.
Thorax one-half broader than long, sides rounded to near base; disk with
two wide, smooth, flattened ridges separated by a narrow punctured me-
dian line, and also an irregular narrow, smooth ridge each side, the im-
pressions deeply and coarsely punctured. Elytra each with a number of
elongate smooth elevations, these more prominent near the suture; the de-
pressions cach side coarsely punctate; tips short, bidentate. Length 14-
16 mm.
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 783
Lawrence County; rare. May 11. Beaten from blossoms of
wild crab-apple.
TH. Parcronora Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘variegated + back.’’)
Liffers from Dicerea in having the scutellum very transverse
and truncate behind, with its hind angles well marked. The third
joint of antenne is twice as long asx second; fourth triangular and
nearly as broad as the fifth.
1488 (4594). Pacitonora cyANIPes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1$23, 164; ibid. II, 106.
Elongate-oval. Greenish-brassy above, dark cupreous beneath; an-
tenn and tarsi bluish-green. Thorax one-third wider than long, side mar-
gins feebly rounded, disk with an elevated smooth median line, sides very
coarsely and irregularly punctured. Elytra with numerous short, irregu-
lar, elevated smooth spaces, between which are coarsely punctured brassy
depressions; tips prolonged, somewhat divergent, either entire and finely
serrate, or with two teeth at apex. Length 11-15 mm.
Northern half of State, scarce; not taken south of Marion
County. May 28—July 29. Occurs on pine. sycamore and oak
trees.
IV. Buprestis Linn. 1735. (Gr.. ‘‘ox +swell.’’)
Medium-sized species, having the front
portion of mentum membranous; scutel-
lum small and rounded. The elytra are
mederately narrowed behind and are often
very prettily marked with vellow. Four
have been taken in Indiana, while one other
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BUPRESTIS.
a. Prosternum not or indistinctly sulcate.
b. Elytra with distinct spots.
ec. IXlytra green with yellow spots.
d. Elytra each with a basal stripe, two
spots behind the middle, and the
apex yellow. 1489. RUFIPES.
dd. Elytra with a common yellow crouss- :
bar behind the middle, and a yellow (sh Packard SRL RU Be
spct on each midway between the Comm.)
bar and apex. (Fig. 297.) FASCIATA,
ee. Elytra brassy black, each with four often more or less connected
yellow spots. 1490. LINEATA.
bb. Elytra brassy black without spots. 1491. MACULIVENTRIS.
aa. Prosternum distinctly sulcate throughout its full length; bright green,
the suture and sides of elytra cupreous. 1492. sTRIATA.
[50—23402]
784 PAMILY XXXIX.
BUPRESTIDAs.
1489 (4598). Buprestis rUFIPEs Oliv., Nat. Hist. des Ins., II, 1801, 16.
Biongate. Above green, tinged with brassy,
] shining; elytra spotted as described in key; an
oblique yellow stripe near margin of thorax. Be-
neath green, with a median stripe extending from
mouth to second ventral segment and a .row of
small spots along the sides, bright yellow; legs and
last three ventral segments purplish-red. Thorax
one-third wider than long, disk sparsely and coarse-
ly punctured; an impressed spot before the scu-
tellum. Elytra with narrow, deeply punctured striz ;
tips bidentate. Length 18-25 mm. (Tig. 298.)
Southern half of State; scarce. June 10-
July 4+. One of the most brilliantly colored
and handsome of our native beetles. Usu-
ally oceurs on old beech or maple trees and
logs, in the wood of which the larva live.
B. fasciata Pabr., length 20-23 mm., is a southern species re-
eorded from Cincinnati.
1490 (4601). Burrestis LINEATA Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 192.
Elongate-oval. Above black, with a brassy tinge; elytra each with four
yellowish spots, one sub-basal, one before and another behind the middle,
the fourth and smallest subapical; these spots sometimes united to form
two broad stripes; beneath dull bronze, the head and front margin of pro-
sternum yellowish. Thorax strongly narrowing from base to apex, disk
sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctured. Elytra striate, the strie fine-
ly punctate; intervals subconvex, very sparsely and coarsely punctate; tips
bidentate. Length 11-15 mm.
Take County; rare. June 29-July 25.
Fig. 298.
1491 (4606). BUPRESTIS MACULIVENTRIS Say,
Long’s Exped. to St. Peters
Riv., II, 1824, 272; ibid. I,
178.
Klongate-oval. Black, tinged with bras-
sy; front angles of thorax, a small spot above
base of antenne and a row of spots along the
sides of abdomen, reddish-yellow. Thorax at
base one-half wider than long, sides rounded
and suddenly curved downward in front of
middle; disk coarsely, sparsely and unevenly
punctate. Elytra with finely punctured stris ;
intervals subconvex, more coarsely punctate.
Length 16 mm.
Putnam County; rare. June 18. Pre-
sented by Guy Wilson.
1492 (4609). Buprestis striara Fab., Syst.
Eleut., IT, 1821, 192. Fig. 299. (After I rd
VAEN Fig. 299. (After Packard in Fil AE
Elongate-oval. Above brilliant green, the Ents Comin’) meee S
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 785
dorsal median space of thorax, suture and narrow side margins of elytra
cupreous; beneath greenish, tinged with cupreous. Thorax one-third wider
than long, sides nearly straight, disk coarsely, densely and unevenly punc-
tured. Elytra each with four sparsely punctured narrow raised lines, the
broader intervals densely and reticulately punctured. Tips together rounded,
not dentate. Length 13-17 mm. (Fig. 299.)
Putnam and Lake counties; scarce. February 16-June 21.
V. Ctnyra Lap. & Cory. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘the lyre.”
To this genus belongs a single rather small oblong species, hav-
ing the pores of the antennz in pits on the end of the joints and
the prosternal spine acute at apex.
1493 (4615). CINYRA GRACILIPES eels _Proe. Phil. Acad. ,Nat. Sei., II,
1844, 145.
Elongate-oblong, slender, subdepressed. Above dull fuscous, obscurely
bronzed; beneath cupreous. Thorax quadrate, a fourth wider than long,
sides straight, apex truncate; disk coarsely and roughly punctured and with
a distinct median groove. Scutellum triangular. LElytra feebly striate, the
strive punctate, disk with two subobsolete impressions, one before and the
other behind the middle; intervals alternately a little elevated ; tips nar-
rowed but not prolonged, feebly bidentate. Tength 10-11 mm.
Marshall, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. _ June 6—June 12.
Beaten from branches. of oak along the border of low woods.
VI. Menanopuiua Esch. 1829. -(Gr., “black + love.’’)
This genus is separated from Anthaxia only by the characters
given in key to genera. One species has been taken in the State
and two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANOPHILA.
a. Elytra acute at tips; first joint of hind tarsi equalling the next three
in length.
b. Front sparsely punctured: elytra with yellow spots. 1494. Norara.
bb. Front densely punctured; elytra without spots; sides of thorax
oblique behind, the disk widest in front of middle. APPENDICULATA.
aa. Blytra rounded at tips; first joint of hind tarsi not longer than the
next two; thorax coarsely punctured over its entire surface; tip of
prosternum broadly triangular. ZENEOLA.
1494 (4617). MELANOPHILA NoTata Lap. & Gory, Mon. Buprest., I, 1837, 4.
Elongate, depressed. Black; head and thorax shining; elytra less shin-
ing, each marked with yellow as follows: a short stripe near middle of
base which curves inward and terminates near suture in a rounded spot,
the latter sometimes separated; a short bar on apical third and often a
small spot on middle near margin. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides
786 FAMILY XXX1X.—BUPRESTIDA.
regularly curved; disk evenly granulate-punctate with a
“ small impression in front of seutellum. Elytra with mar-
gins serrate near tips, disk granulate-punctate. Length
9-12 mm.
Marion County; rare. June 22. One specimen
taken from window of street car. Recorded from
Georgia and Flerida.
VM. appendiculata Fab. (longipes Say.) (Fig.
300), black, length 7-13 mm., has heen recorded
Fig 300. simone from Cincinnati; J/.ancala Melsh.. convex, bronzed,
appendiculata Fab. (After Jenoth 4.5-6.5 mm., oecurs in the ‘‘Middle and
Packard in Fifth Rep. U. f 2 45
8. Ent. Comm.) Southern States.
VIL Awrmaxt, Esch. 1829. (Gr, ‘fa flower + worthy of.’’)
Small flattened species, having the mesosternum narrowly di-
vided and separated from the metasternum by a distinct suture; an-
tenn serrate in both sexes, the pores at the ends of the joints;
head and thorax marked with shallow punctures with the interven-
ing lines forming a fine network. The genus has been mono-
graphed by
Horn.—‘ Revision of the species of some Genera of Buprestidw.”’
im Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., X, 1882, 106.
OF the eight species recognized by Horn, four have been taken
in Indiana, while another may occur,
Kby TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHAXIA.
«. Body depressed, ohblong-oval; last ventral segment punctured like the
ones preceding.
vb. Tarsal claws simple or merely a little broader at base.
ce. Elytra roughly granulate. 1495. AONEOGASTER.
cc. Elytra feebly sculptured, at most with small raised points.
d. Body above and beneath uniform brownish-bronze, feebly shin-
ing; elytra with fine raised points. 1496. VIRIDIFRONS.
dd. Body nearly black with a slight purplish lustre; front and sides
of thorax broadly cupreous or bronzed; elytra searcely wrin-
kled. 1497. VIRIDICORNIS.
bb. Tarsal claws broudly toothed at base; color bright green. bluish or
purple, shining. 1498. QUERCATA.
ad. Body slender, wedge-shaped: last ventral segment much more coarsely
punctured than those preceding. FLAVIMANA.
1495 (4628). ANTHANIA ANEGGASTER TLap., Mon. Buprest., I, 1837, 32.
Rather broad, depressed. Above piccous or black, the surface with
faint bronze lustre; beneath, bronzed, more shining. Ifead densely pune-
tate, reticulate, front coneave. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides
feebly curved in front, slightly sinnate behind; disk coarsely reticulate,
usually with four shallow fove:: arranged in a curved transverse row. Ely-
=I
Sh
~!
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES.
tra gradually narrowed on apical third, the tips obtuse; surface rather
coarsely granulate, each with a shallow oblique impression from humerus
towards middle of suture. Length 4-6.5 mm.
St. Joseph County: searée. June 1. A boreal species which
will probably be found throughout the northern third of State.
1496 (4630). ANTHaAxIA vinmprirRoNS Lap., Mon. Buprest., Supp.. 1837, 284.
Oblong, feebly convex. Dark coppery bronze, more shining beneath.
head and narrow front margin of thorax often green. Front slightly con-
vex, reticulate. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides irregularly curved,
disk regularly reticulate, usually with two shallow transverse depressions
on each side. Elytra shaped as in @neovastcr, the surface distinctly rugu-
lose and subopaque. Length 4-5 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 1s—July 7. Beaten
from vegetation ; often attracted by light.
1497 (4631). ANTHAXIA VIRIDICORNIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ILI,
1823, 162; ibid. II, 105, 594.
Oblong, moderately depressed. Alwve purplish-black, sides of thorax
broadly cupreous ; beneath bluish, shining. Front cupreous or brassy, slightly
depressed at middle. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides feebly
eurved, disk with a transverse depression each side. surface very regularly
reticulate. Elytra with surface opaque, finely wrinkled. Length 56.5 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. May 15-August 9. Often
found in company with the preceding and perhaps will prove to be
the female of that species. If so. Sav ’s name has priority.
1498 (4633). ANTHAXIA QUERCATA Fab., Syst. Eleut., I]. 1801, 216.
Oblong, parallel, subdepressed. Color variable, usually bluish or pur-
ple, shining. often bright green with the middle of thorax and a broad
stripe on each elytron brown. Front flat, often impressed at middle, sur-
face coarsely punctured. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides straight
at middle, curved at either end; disk with a deep impression each side.
Elytra obtuse at tip, surface smoother on apical than on basal half. Length
46 mm.
Vermillion, Marion Knox and Crawford counties:
svaree. May 19-July 2. A. cyanella Gory is the fe-
male of this species.
A. flavimana Gory, ¢reenish-bronzed, thorax pur-
ple-black at middle. length 3-5 mm., occurs in the |
Middle and Southern States and has been recorded
from Cincinnati.
Nenorhipis brendeli Horn. dull black. feebly
bronzed. length 5 mm.. a very rare form. is known fail. Aces
from New York, Peoria, Hlinois. and Texas. (Fig. hie Male.
301.)
.
788 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTIDAS.
VIII. Curysozoruris Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘gold+a pit.’’)
A large genus of rather broad and flattened beetles, small or
medium in size and having the antennx inserted at the inner end
of short oblique grooves by which the front is narrowed; mentum
horn-like at base, membranous at apex; prosternum acutely angu-
lated on the sides behind the coxe and acute at tip; scutellum large
and acuminate; front femora strongly toothed; first joint of hind
tarsi always as long as the next three, often much longer.
‘The principal paper treating of the genus is by
Horn —‘‘A Monograph of the species of Chrysobothris inhabit-
Jing the United States,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIII,
1886, 65-124, pls. I- val 2
The following species have been taken or may ovcur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA aoe CIES OF CHRYSOBOTHRIS.
a. Side margins of last ventral segment with fine teeth.
b. Disk of thorax even, without pits or elevations.
c. Sides of abdomen densely punctate and clothed with fine recumbent
white pubescence ;-sides of ‘thorax narrowing to base; elytra with
“first costa saucitly indicated and with indistinct fovex on the disk.
is DEBILIS.
. Abdomen sparsely pnauitatte and not pubescent; sides of thorax
= straight aud almost parallel; elytra without trace of coste or
i fovere; color blue or green, with a median purple black stripe,
surface shining. 1499. PURPUREOVITTATA.
bb. Disk of thorax irregular, median line more or less sulcate, often with
small elevations.
d. Front tibie of male curved and with numerous fine teeth on the
inner edge; clypeus acutely notched at middle, semicircularly
curved on each side. 1500. FEMORATA.
dd. Front tibite of male curved but with not more than one tooth on
inner side; clypeus not as above.
e. Front tibie of male with a single acute tooth one-third from
apex; clypeus with a short truncate median lobe.
1501. FLoRICOLA.
ee. Front tibiw of male dilated at tip and without teeth.
f. Prosternum without trace of lobe in front; color dark bronze;
disk of thorax with median groove.
g. Joints 4 to 11 of antenne more or less brownish-yellow.
DENTIPES.
gg. Joints of antenne wholly metallic bronzed; hind tibie
straight in both sexes. TRINERVIA.
/f. Prosternum distinctly lobed in front, the lobe short.
h. Median groove of thorax well marked, the elevated smooth
spaces conspicuous: front tibia of male abruptly dilated
at tip; first elytral costa sinuous, especially near apex;
length 10-12.5 mm. 1502. BLANCHARDI.
ey
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 789
hh. Median groove of thorax feeble; ventral segments without
lateral smooth spaces, the last one without a submarginal
ridge; length 5.5-7 mm. PUSILLA.
ad. Side margins of last ventral segment without teeth.
i. Klytra with more or less distinct costze or elevated lines ; disk of tho-
rax uneven.
j. Color above dark bronze; tooth of front femur serrulate.
1508. SEX-SIGNATA.
jj. Color violaceous or coppery; tooth of front femur not serrulate.
1504. AZUREA.
ii. Elytra without trace of costs; thorax one-half wider than long.
1505. ScITULA.
C. debilis Lee., dark brownish-bronze, sides of thorax cupreous,
length 5-8 mm., is known from Ohio and Texas.
1499 (10,071). CHRYSOBOTHRIS PURPUREOVITTATA Horn, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., XIII, 1886, 76.
Moderately elongate, feebly depressed. Bright blue or green, varying
to violet or coppery bronze; elytra each with a moderately broad purple
black stripe, reaching from humerus nearly to tip, indistinct on the violet
or bronze forms. Third joint of antenne very little longer than fourth.
Clypeus broadly triangularly emarginate, the notch oval at bottom, curved
on each side. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight, sur-
face sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and slightly strigose near
the sides. Elytra a little wider than thorax, parallel, margins rather coarsely
serrate, tips obtuse; surface with only the usual basal fovea and a depres-
sion between the humeri; rather finely, sparsely and evenly punctate. Length
5.5-7.5 mm.
Horn’s types came from “‘Indiana, Illinois and Texas,’’ no spe-
cial location indicated. I have not seen examples from the State.
1500 (4639). CHRYSOBOTHRIS FEMORATA Fab., Syst. Eleut.. II, 1798, 208.
Oblong or elongate-oblong,
subdepressed. Color usually dark
bronze, sometimes slightly brassy
or cupreous; antenne greenish or
cupreous, the third joint a little
longer than the next two. Clyp-
eus described in key. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long,
widest slightly behind the apex;
disk irregular, with an indistinct
median depression, and a deeper
one each side behind and parallel 4
with ne apical margin, with Fie. a oe ee Se ee noe all
other irregular ones near the
sides; surface rather coarsely punctured, more densely on the sides. IEly-
tra a little wider than thorax, sides nearly parallel, gradually narrowed
on apical third, margin serrate. tips obtuse; sculpture of disk very variable.
790 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTIDA
usually with first and second costie distinct near apex, and with two trans-
verse depressions on each side, the first a little in front of middle, second
one-third from apex, the basal depression rather feeble; surface coarsely
and, on the sides, confluently punctured. Length 7-16 mm. (Fig. 302.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 15-June 28. Mating on
June 7. Occurs especially on the trunks of white oak, peach and
apple trees, in the wood of which the larve bore. The grubs are
known as the ‘‘flat-headed apple borer,’’ and often do much damage
to orchards where the trees are not in healthy condition.
1501 (4640). CHRYSOBOTHRIS FLORICOLA Gory, Mon. Buprest. Suppl., 1837,
179.
Oblong, subdepressed. Dark bronze, with slight cupreous tinge; an-
tennz bronzed, male, greenish, female. Thorax more than twice as wide
as long, sides nearly parallel at middle, narrowed at apex and base; disk
with a distinct median channel and some irregular depressions near the
side; surface coarsely punctate, less densely at middle. Elytra wider than
thorax, usually widest slightly behind the middle, gradually narrowed at
apical third, margin serrulate, tips obtusely rounded; first costa moderately
elevated from apex to middle, the others indistinctly defined; basal and
humeral depressions not deep, the one behind the middle double; surface
densely punctured between the elevations, more sparsely at base. Pro-
sternum distinctly lobed in front. Length 8.5-12 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 11. Occurs from the Middle States
to Florida.
Figs. 303-305. Chrysobothris dentipes. a, head, front view; 6, last male ventral segment; c, last female ventral
segment; d, front leg of male. (After Packard in Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.)
C. dentipes Germ. (Figs. 303-305), length 10-16 mm., is said to
cecur throughout the area east of the Mississippi River, but has
not yet been noted from Indiana.
1502 (10,077). CHRYSOBOTHRIS BLANCITARDI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
NIIT, 1886, 93.
Moderately elongate, depressed. Dark bronze, shining; antenne of male
,
greenish, of female bronzed, third joint as long as the next two. Clypeus
THE METALLIC W60D-BORING BEETLES. 791
broadly but not deeply triangularly notched at middle. Thorax twice as
wide as long, narrowed at apex and base, sides regularly curved; disk with
a vague median densely punctured sulcus, wider in front, limited on each
side by an elevated smooth space, between which and margin the surface
is irregularly and densely punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, gradually
narrowed from middle to apex; margins feebly serrate, tips obtuse; first
costa distinct on apical half, the others replaced by broad smooth spaces
of irregular shape. the surface between them densely punctate. Body he-
neath very shining, the last ventral with submarginal serrate ridge. Length
10-16 mm.
Lake and Knox counties; searce. June 6—July 28. Oceurs on
strub pine in the former county. Ranges from Massachusetts to
Lake Superior.
C. trinervia Kirby, piceous, bronzed, elytra and abdomen more
or less cupreous, length 9-14 mm., is said to occur from the Middle
States westward; C. usilia Lap., dark coppery-bronze, length 5.5—
7 mm., occurs from Massachusetts to Wisconsin and has been taken
near Cincinnati.
1503 (4657). CHRYSOBOTHRIS SEX-SIGNATA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc,
VI, 1886, 158; ibid. II, 103, 591.
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Piceous with faint
bronzed lustre; elytra each with three rounded brassy
spots, one basal, one in front of middle on second
costa, the other one-third from apex; beneath bright
green, the sides cupreous; antenné green in both sexes,
the third joint as long as the next three. Clypeus tri-
angularly emarginate at middle, curved on each side.
Thorax twice as wide as long, abruptly narrowed in
front, sides slightly curved, hind angles obtuse; disk
with a vague median impression on basal half and a
subapical oblique one each side, coarsely and densely Fig. 306. (After Packard in
punctured, transversely strigose. Elytra wider than Fifth Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm.)
thorax, sides nearly parallel in front, obliquely nar-
rowed behind the middle; surface with first costa nearly entire, the others
represented by faintly elevated smooth lines, coarsely and closely punctate.
Prosternum not lobed in front. Length 6.5-11 mm. (Tig. 306.)
Marshall, Putnam. Perry, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. May
21-July 25. A handsome and easily reccenized species.
1504 (4660). CHRYSOBOTHRIS AZUREA Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, NI,
1859, 239.
Oblong, rather broad, suhdepressed. Color variable from blue to green-
ish-blue, violet or cupreous; beneath blue, the sides sometimes cupreous ;
antennze greenish, male, bronze, female, the third joint nearly as long as
the next three. Clypeus broadly, not deeply, triangularly emarginate at
middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, without well marked depressions ;
'
792 FAMILY NNXIX.—BUPRESTID.4.
surface coarsely punctate, much more densely on sides. BPlytra wider than
thorax, gradually wider to apical third, thence narrowing to apex, margins
serrate; surface sparsely punctate and with a faint trace of first costa and
2 basal and two discal impressions, one in front of middle, the other one-
third from apex, these often bright blue or green. Prosternum very faintly
lobed in front. Length 6-8 mm.
Lake and Posey vounties; scaree. May 20-June 7.
1505 (10,091). CHrysopoTHRIs ScITULA Gory, Mon. Buprest., Supp., 1857,
169.
Rather elongate, convex. Dark cupreous or deep violet, elytra each
with three more brilliant blue or green spots; antenn:e piceous, the three
basal joints greenish or cupreous, third joint as Jong as the next three.
Clypeus with a small triangular notch at middle. Thorax with sides
straight, rounded near front angles; disk without depressions, coarsely
punctate and finely transversely strigose. Blytra wider than thorax, coarsely,
deeply, not densely punctate, the colored spots in the position of the usual
fovee. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Starke and Perry counties; scarce. May 20-June 27.
IX. Actrenopes Lac. 1857. (Gr., ‘without +a comb or crest.’’)
Buprestids of small or medium size having the antenne inserted
at the end of short grooves as in Chrysobothris, but differing from
the latter venus by the small seuteilum, the equal first and second
joints of hind tarsi and the very narrow vertex between the eyes.
1506 (4666). .AcrENopEs acorNis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
159; ibid. II, 592.
Broadly oblong, subdepressed. Brassy black above, dull cupreous be-
neath; scutellum green. Antenne short, the third joint as long as the next
three; clypeus almost truncate. Thorax twice as broad as long, with a
transversely sub-basal impression; surface densely and coarsely punctured,
transversely strigose. FElytra broader than thorax; surface without costr
or distinct impressions but densely and roughly transversely wrinkled ; mar-
gins serrate from near the humerus. Length 10-13 mm.
Lake, Marshall, Orange and Vigo counties; frequent in Lake,
scarce elsewhere. Beaten from vegetation. June 2—June 2S.
Tribe Il. JULODINT.
Our species belonging to this tribe are convex and subeylindrical
in form, narrowed behind and clothed with suberect. pubescence.
The front is not contracted by the insertion of antenne; thorax
truncate behind and closely applied to the elytra; mesosternum
deeply emarginate; first joint of hind tarsi clongate. The tribe is
represented by four genera, two of which eecur in Tndiana.
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 793
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF JULODINI.
a. Scutellum indistinet; side pieces of metathorax partly visible.
X. ACM-EODERA.
ada, Scutellum visible; side pieces of metathorax covered by the elytra.
XI. Prosma.
X. .Acmaopera Esch. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘in full bloom + skin.’’)
This genus, as characterized above, is represented in the United
States by 70 species. only three of which occur in the eastern United
States, including Indiana. The others are found mostly in the
Southwestern and Pacifie States. The two principal papers treat-
ing of the genus are by
Horn.— ‘Revision of the Species of Aemodera of the United
States,’’? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Svc., VII, 1878. 2-27, Pl. 1.
Fall, H. C.— ‘Synopsis of the Species of .\emzodera of America
North of Mexico,”? 1 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soe. VIT, 189).
1-37.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACMAODERA.
a. Sides of thorax with an elongate yellow spot near hind angles.
1507. PULCHELLA.
aa, Sides of thorax without trace of yellow.
bo. Larger, 8.56-11 mm.; bluish-black, elytra with a number of small,
more or less connected yellow spots. 1508. ORNATA.
bb. Sinaller, 5-75 mm.; blackish-bronzed, spots smaller, distinctly sep-
arated and usually in two rows. 1509. TUBULUs.
07 (4699). AcM:0DERA PULCHELLA Herbst., Co]. IX, 1805, 211.
Elongate-oblong or subcylindrical, convex. Thorax and under surface
bronzed, the former with an oblong yellow spot in front of hind angles;
elytra black with variable yellow markings, these usually a small sub-basal
spot, an elongate marginal spot reaching trom humerus to beyond middle,
this with an inward prolongation near middle, and twv crossbars, inter-
rupted at suture, on apical third. ‘Thorax convex, nearly twice as wide as
long, apex and base truncate, sides narrowing from base to apex; disk with-
out distinct impressions, but with a small basal fovea on each side; surface
densely, evenly und rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as wide at base as
therax, margin serrate; surface striate, the strie rather finely punctured;
intervals flat, each with a single row of punctures, bearing short brownish
hairs. Length 5.5-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 11—July 25. Oc-urs on
flowers, especially those of Jersey Tea, Ceanothus americanus Th.
The vellow spot on side of thorax is sometimes reduced to a mere
point and in one specimen at hand is wholly lacking.
794 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTIDAL.
1508 (4692). ACMAZODERA oRNATA TFab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 220.
Robust, subcylindrical, moderately depressed. Bluish-black, sparsely
¢lothed with erect black hairs, each elytrom with usually six or eight irregu-
lar small yellow spots on the sides. Thorax twice as wide as long, apex
cmarginate, base truncate; sides rapidly converging from behind the mid-
dle to apex; disk with distinct median triangular impression and oblique
lateral impression, the latter terminating in a pit at base; surface coarsely
and deeply punctured, more densely on sides. Elytra narrower at base than
thorax, gradually narrowing from base, more rapidly on apical third; mar-
gins serrulate; disk with coarsely punctured strive; intervals flat, each with
a single row of punctures. Length §.5-11 mm.
Knox County; rare. June 24. Probably occurs sparingly
throughout the southern half of the State.
1509 (4707). AcMaopDERA TUBULUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 200.
Subeylindrical, convex. Black bronzed, with sparsely placed short erect
whitish hair; elytra each with a dorsal row of four or five, and a marginal
row of three or four small yellow spots, these rarely connected to form an
irregular stripe. Head densely punctured, front feebly impressed. Thorax
convex, nearly twice as wide as long, sides curved and widest in front of
base; disk with three small basal fovee, coarsely and densely punctured.
Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowed and finely serrate on
apical third; strive with rather coarse punctures; intervals coarsely punc-
tate. Length 5-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 13-June 24. Oceurs es-
pecially on the flowers of the wild eraneshill, Geranium maculatum
L., the red haw, Cratayus, and other low herbs and shrubs. Mating
May 27. Listed as A. culta Web. .
AT. Prosmra Sol. 1873. (Gr.. ‘to fall down.’’)
The members of this genus are readily distinguished from Aemu-
odera, which they resemble in form, by the presenee of a distinet
seutellim. One ef the two known species oceurs in Indiana.
1510 (4713). Prostma arpprconiis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IIT
1823, 161; ibid. IT, 104, 591.
Subcylindrical, robust. Bluish-black, shining, finely and sparsely pu-
hescent. Elytra each with a large oblong spot on side, reaching fron base
tu beyond middle and a smaller transverse one on apical third, bright yel-
low. Front concave. Thorax convex, with an obtuse subapical elevation
each side, sides strongly deflexed, base truncate: surface rather densely and
coarsely punctate. Elytra without strive, margin sinuate, serrate on apical
third, disk rather finely and sparsely punctate. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Marion and Vermillion counties southward ; frequent. May 11-
July 22. Beaten from foliave of red bud, Cercis canadensis L.. in
the wood of which the larve bores; also oes frequently on sassa-
fras. A prettily marked speeies.
or
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 79
Tribe III. MASTOGENINI.
This tribe is represented in North America by the single genus
NIT. Mastogenies Sol. 1851. (Gr., ‘mother + chin.’’)
It in turn is represented in the eastern United States by one of
the smallest Buprestids known, subeylindrical in form and having
the antennz inserted in large cavities. narrowing the front, which
does not expand again in front of the cavities as in Agrilus; mouth
small, deflexed but not applied to the prosternum; thorax truncate
at base, closely fitting against the elvtra; prosternum truncate be-
fore and behind. with the lateral sutures parallel; scutellum small,
triangular; lees not contractile, claws broadly toothed.
1511 (4717). MasrocENIUs sUBCYANEUS Lec., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., NI,
1859, 254.
Subcylindrical. Bluish-black, shining. Head with a lengthwise groove.
Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly wider than elytra, convex, sides
strongly rounded; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Elytra with a deep but narrow transverse impression
at base, sides parallel, tips obtusely rounded. Length 2—-2.5 mm.
A single specimen taken by sweeping on University farm near
Mitchell, Lawrence County. May 11. LeConte states that it oc-
curs rarely on leaves and flowers in the Middle, Southern and West-
ern States. :
Tribe IV. AGRITLINI.
Small-sized, usually slender, though sometimes short, broad and
flat species, having the hody narrowed on apical third. Their chief
structural characters are the front strongly narrowed by the inser-
tion of antennv. then expanded, thus forming two diverging lobes;
front part of head vertical, the mouth inferior and applied to the
prosternum in repese; thorax lobed at hase. receiving the convex
bases of the elytra; legs contractile; tarsal claws strongly toothed.
Six genera are recognized as composing the tribe, four of which are
known to be represented in Indiana, while another perhans occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF AGRILINI,.
a. Antenne free, in repose not received in grooves on the under side of
thorax.
b. Hind tarsi with first joint scarcely elongated. EUPRISTOCERUS.
bb. Hind tarsi with first joint as long as the three following.
XIII. AGRiLus.
aa. Antenne received in grooves on under side of thorax near the margin.
ce. Scutellum small; tibix linear.
796 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTID.©.
d. Body elongate; prosternum pointed behind. XIV. TAPHROCERUS.
dd, Body broad, ovate; prosternum obtuse behind. XV, DRACHYS:
ce. Scutellum large; body triangular; prosternum very broad, almost
truncate behind; tibize dilated. XVI. PacHYSCELUS.
Eupristoecrus cogianus Weber, head and thorax obscure supre-
ous, elytra black, with erosshars of grayish hairs, length 8-9 mm., is
known from the ‘‘ Middle, Southern and Western States.’’
XIII. Agrius Steph. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘field.’’)
Small, slender, elongate forms, having the prosternum pointed
behind; the seutellum transverse and acuminate. The larvz live in
slender stems and twigs of shrubs and trees, and often do much
damage, especially to blackberry and raspberry canes. The genus
has been monographed by
Horn.— ‘The species of Agrilus of Boreal America,’’ in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., XVIII, 1891, 277-336, Pl. VIII.
In this paper Horn recognizes 54 species, 18 of which have been
taken in Indiana, while several others doubtless occur. On account
of the large number of species the Indiana members of the genus
are classed in three groups.
I) (O)
(OO
Fig. 307. 1, Antenna of Agrilus egenus; 2, of A, imbellis; 3, of A. obselelogultatus; 4, of A. ru,cll.s; 5, tarsal
claws of A. ruficollis: 6, claws of 4. bilineatus, a, male; b, female; 7, claws of A lecontei,
a, male; b, female. (After Horn.)
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA AGRILUS.
a. Antenne serrate, beginning at the fourth joint. (Fig. 307, Nos. 8 and 4.)
b. Tarsal claws cleft in such a manver that the lower portion is turned
inward, nearly or quite touching that of the opposite side. (Fig. 307,
: No. 5.) Group -l.
bb. Tarsal claws simply cleft, or almost bifid, the lower portions not
turned inward. (Fig. 307, Nos. 6 and t.) Group B.
aa, Antenne serrate, heginning at the fifth joint. (Pig. 307, Nos. 1 and 2.)
Group C.
GROUP A.
Whenever the fourth joint of antenna resembles the fifth more
than it does the third (Fig. 307, Nos. 3 and +). the species comes
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES, 797
under @ of the above key. If the lower lobes of the tarsal claws are
bent inward as shown in No. 5 of Fig. 307, the insect belongs to
Group A.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Prosternum parallel between and behind the front coxe, the apex ob-
tuse or truncate; thorax not impressed at middle, carina of hind an-
gles distinct ; length 8 or more mm.
b. Thorax without a white pubescent space on sides; tips of elytra
evenly serrate. 1512. DIFFICILIS.
bb. Thorax with elongate space of dense whitish pubescence on sides;
tips of elytra ending in a short, sharp spine, unevenly serrate.
1518. ¥ERRISI.
aa. Prosternum gradually narrowing, the apex acute.
c. Last dorsal segnient carinate, the carina prolonged at tip; length 5.5-
7 min.
d. Front with a deep median furrow; hind angles of thorax not cari-
nate in either sex. 1514. RUFICOLLIS.
dd. Front feebly impressed; hind angles of thorax slightly carinate in
female only. LATERALIS.
ce, Last dorsal segment not carinate.
e. Male with inner apical angle of tibize on all three pairs of legs
terminating in a sharp incurved spine; form slender; length less
than 5.5 mm.
f. Antenne very slender with a fringe of long hairs on the outer
side; color olive-bronze. CRINICOBNIS.
ff. Antenne stouter, not pilose on the outer side; front of head and
sides of thorax greenish. 1515. oTrosus.
ec. Hind tibie of males not terminating in a spine; head not or feebly
impressed; length 5-9 mm.
g. Males with a denseiy pubescent space on middle of prosternum ;
color uniform dull olive-green or slightly brassy.
1516, MASCULINUS.
gg. Males with prosternum but slightly pubescent; head and thorax
brassy or slightly greenish. 1517. ARCUATUS.
1512 (4725). AGRILUS DIFFICILIS Gory, Mon. Buprest., Supp., 1857, 224.
Elongate. Piceous with a greenish or cupreous lustre, metallic beneath ;
abdomen with two rows of yellowish pubescent spots on each side, one row
above the lateral suture and partly visible from above. Front flat, occiput
slightly impressed. Thorax broader than long, sides slightly curved, disk
with a feeble oblique depression on sides and another in front of scutellum;
surface rather finely transversely strigose. punctate at apex; hind angles
with a rather strong curved carina. Elytra with tips rounded, finely toothed,
basal fover feeble, disk with faint coste, surface with imbricated scales.
Prosternal lobe rounded, acutely emarginate. Length 9-13 min.
Marion and Posey counties: scaree. June 19—July 21.
1518 (——-). AGRILUS FERRISI Dury, Entom. News, XIX, 1908, 368.
Resembles difficilis. Differs by having the front of head and sides of
under surface densely covered with white, wool-like pubescence, that on ab-
798 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTID.
domen being in triangular spots on sides of ventral segments. Occiput with
n more distinctly impressed median line. Elytra with an indistinct costa,
between which and suture the surface is broadly grooved; tips ending ina
short, sharp spine and unevenly toothed. Length 8-12 mm.
Warren and Posey counties; scarce. June 9-July 25. Occurs
only on the hackberry, Cellis occidentalis ., in the twigs of which
the larve hore.
1514 (4721). AGrinvs RvFICOLLIS Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 214.
Elongate. Black or bluish-black ;
head and thorax usually bright cupre-
ous. Occiput with a deep median fur-
row, somewhat strigose. Thorax broad-
er than long, apex slightly wider than
base; disk with a rather deep oblique
depression on each side, and a feeble
one in front of scutellum ; surface faint-
ly strigose and rather densely punc-
Fig. 308. a, anal end of body of an b, larva; ¢, tate. Elyee a TG broadened hetind
beetle. Linesshow naturalsize. (After Riley.) the middle, nearly concealing the sides
of abdomen from above, tips rounded,
distinctly serrulate; disk flat. a basal depression on each side; surface with-
out trace of carine, closely granulate. Prosternum obtusely lobed in front.
Length 5.5-7 mm. (Fig. 308.)
Phroughout the State; common. May 18—July 22. Occurs on
the foliage and stems of blackberry and raspberry bushes, in the
eanes of which the larve bore, forming galls on some varieties.
These should be cut out in winter and burned with the enclosed
grub; or the shoots made up to the first of Tuly should be cut off at
the surface, because in them the larva of a new brood are con-
tained. The shoots formed later in the season will be sufficient for
the next vear’s crop of fruit.
A. erinicornis Horn, length 4.4 mm., is known to oceur in Ohio
and Illinois; A. lateralis Say, head and thorax cupreous, elytra
black, with slight bronzed Jnstre, length 6-7 mm., is known from
New England, Illinois and Missouri.
1515 (4724). Acrizus oriosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., VI, 1836, 163;
ibid. II, 597.
Elongate, slender, male sometimes linear. Dull greenish or slightly
cupreous; front of head, sides of thorax. antennie and under surface usually
bluish or greenish. Occiput with a slight impression; lower part of front
usually with dense whitish pubescence. Thorax a little wider than long;
hind angles indistinctly carinate, male, or with a well defined earina, fe-
male; disk with an oblique depression each side and two on median line.
the hind one the larger; surface transversely strigose with fine punctures
between the wrinkles. Elytra with a vague costa from the humeri to be-
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 799
hind the middle, between which they are slightly flattened; tips rounded,
finely serrulate; basal depressions distinct, surface densely covered with
scales. Prosternal lobe obtuse, faintly emarginate. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 13-August 13. Occurs
especially on foliage of oak and hickory.
1516 (10,112). Acrinus mascuLinus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVIII,
1891, 295.
Rather slender, more robust than otiosus. Dull green or slightly brassy,
feebly shining; antenne greenish. Occiput feebly impressed, male; distinct-
ly so, female; front densely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long, a
little narrowed at base, side margin sinuate; hind angles with a distinct
carina; disk with au oblique depression on each side and two faint ones on
median line; surface finely, transversely strigose, punctate. Elytra obtuse
at apex, finely serrate; disk with an indistinct costa on each side; basal
depressions shallow ; surface with close scales. Prosternal lobe broadly and
rather deeply emarginate. Length 6-7 mm.
Ixosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. May 23-June 8. Oc-
curs on foliage of buckeye.
1517 (4720). AGRILUs aRcUATUS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 251;
ibid. I, 887; II, 596.
Moderately elongate, rather robust. Dark olivaceous; head and thorax
brassy or cupreous; sometimes (var. coryli) the whole upper surface uni-
form bright brassy. Front moderately impressed from occiput nearly to
base of clypeus, coarsely and rather closely punctate. Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, not narrowed at base; disk with two depressions on me-
dian line and a large oblique one each side; hind angles with a curved
carina, more distinct in female; surface transversely strigose with punc-
tures in depressions. Elytra dilated behind the middle, tips separately
rounded, finely serrulate, sutural edge elevated behind the middle; surface
rather densely scaled. Prosternal lobe broadly emarginate. Length 5-9 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 28-—July 21. Occurs on
foliage of oak and other trees, usually along the margins of marshes
and lakes; var. coryli on hazelnut.
Group B.
In this group the antenne are serrate as in Group A, but the
tarsal claws are cleft or almost bifid, with the inner portion not re-
curved. (Fig. 307, Nos. 6 and 7.)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Last dorsal segment with a projecting carina.
b. Front deeply impressed ; head and thorax coppery red, elytra black;
hind angles of thorax not carinate; coxal plates not pubescent.
: VITTATICOLLIS.
bb. Front convex or feebly impressed ; color uniform.
[51—23402]
800 FAMILY XXX{X.—BUPRESTIDA.
c. Sides of thorax with yellowish pubescence , elytra each with a yel-
low pubescent stripe; hind angles of thorax not earinate.
1518. BILINEATUS.
cc, Blytra without a yellow pubescent stripe.
d. Elytra with more or less evident pubescent spots; last ventral
segment obtuse or truncate at tip; first two ventrals of male
' grooved. GRANULATUS.
dd. Blytra without pubescent spaces
e. Last ventral segment obtuse or truncate; first aud second ven-
trals of male with a smooth deep groove. BLANCHARDI.
ce, Last ventral segment oval at tip.
f. Hind angles of thorax carinate in both sexes; first ventral
of male broadly grooved. 1519. ANXIUS.
ff. Hind angles of thorax not carinate; first ventral of male
nearly flat. 1520. ACUTIPENNIS.
ad, Last dorsal segment without a projecting carina.
g. Elytra without pubescent spaces ; prosternal Jobe truncate or feebly
emarginate. 1521. POLITUS.
yg. Elytra with pubescent spaces.
h. Prosternal lobe entire; middle pubescent space of elytra rounded.
1522. FALLAX.
hh. Prosternal lobe deeply emarginate; first joint of hind tarsi longer
than half the tibisxe; middle pubescent space of elytra elongate.
1523. OBSOLETOGUTTATUS.
A. vittaticollis Rand., length 8-9.5 mm., is said to occur from
‘Massachusetts westward to Dlinois.”’
THIS (4727). AGRILUS BILINEATUS Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 74.
Elongate, moderately robust.
Above black, with often a slightly
greenish tinge; sides of thorax
and a narrow stripe reaching
from humerus to beyond middle
of each elytron clothed with
dense yellow pubescence ; beneath
more shining and greenish. Tho-
rax one-third wider than long.
distinctly narrower at base; sides
nearly straight on apical half,
sinuate near the hind angles.
which are rectangular; disk with
_Fig. 309. a, adult heetle; b, antenna of same; 9, claws of : eae capitis ee ae ve
hind tarsi of female; 7, same of male; c, larva; d, pupa. (Af- eral oblique impression each side.
ter Chittenden.) finely transversely strigose-punc-
tate. Hlytra broadened behind the middle, tips rounded, serrulate; surface
densely granulate. Prosternal lobe truncate in front. Length 6-') min.
(Fig. 309.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 1-July 2.) Oecurs on
oak, honey Joeust and chestnut. aA handsome and casily recognized
species,
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 801
A. yranulatus Say, brassy-bronze, elytra each with two or three
pubescent spots, length 7.5-9 mm., occurs from the New England
States westward to Missouri; A. blanchardi Horn, olivaceous-bronze,
length 9 mm., is known from Massachusetts, New York and Lake
Superior, and may occur in northern Indiana.
1519 (4739). AGRILUs ANxIUs Gory, Mon. Buprest. Suppl., IV, 1887, 226.
Elongate, moderately robust. Above olivaceous,
bronzed, subopaque. Occiput with an impressed line;
front roughly punctured somewhat strigose. Thorax
one-third wider than long, not narrowed at base, sides
regularly curved; disk with a vague median depres-
sion, on each side of which in front of middle is often
a circular fovea, also a moderate depression each
side; surface indistinctly strigose punctate. Elytra
slightly broader behind the middle, tips subacute, ser-
rulate; disk slightly flattened, with a vague costa,
sutural edge elevated behind the middle; surface with
close granulate scales. Prosternal lobe distinctly 5,, 919, Female. Bull. 18,
emarginate at middle. Length 7.5-11 mm. (Fig. Div. Ent.U.S.Dep. Agr. (After
310.) __, Chittenden.)
fi
Lake County; rare. June 29-July 12.
1520 (4738). AGRILUS ACUTIPENNIS Mann., Bull. Mosc., 1837, 109.
Elongate, moderately robust. Blue or bluish-black to olivaceous, feebly
shining. Occiput with a median impressed line extending to middle of
front. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, not narrowed at base, sides
curved, hind angles not or very obtusely carinate; disk with a vague median
depression divided at middle; lateral depressions well marked; surface
finely transversely strigose, with small punctures between the wrinkles.
Elytra as in anzius. Prosternal lobe subtruncate or faintly emarginate.
Second ventral of male with a deep median groove. Length 8-10 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 16. Occurs on oak.
1521 (4742). AcriItvus potitus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 251; ibid.
I, 3887; IT, 596.
Moderately elongate, subdepressed. Color variable from bright brassy to
purplish or greenish, moderately shining. Antenne short, not reaching mid-
dle of thorax. Occiput strigose and with a feeble median depression. Tho-
rax one-third wider than long, sides slightly curved, hind angles feebly cari-
nate; disk with two faint median impressions, the smaller one in front,
rather coarsely, transversely strigose-punctate. Elytra dilated behind the
middle, more notably in female, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly
flattened, Iisal depressions feeble; surface closely covered with granulate
scales. First two ventral segments finely transversely strigose on the sides.
Front and middle tarsal claws of male cleft near apex, nearly bifid; hind
claws cleft at middle, forming a broad tooth. Length 5-8.5 mm.
802 PAMILY XXXIX.—-BUPRESTIDA.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 24-August 11. Occurs
on oak and willow. The short, robust antenne, lack of projecting
carina of last dorsal segment and lack of pubescent spots on elytra
are the principal distinguishing characters of this species.
1522 (4731). AGRILUS FALLAX Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836, 163;
ibid. II, 596.
Moderately elongate,
slender. Dark olivaceous,
often with a greenish tinge;
each elytron with three
small round pubescent
spots, one basal, one before
the middle and one on api-
eal third. Antenne long,
slender, reaching hind an-
gles of thorax. Occiput
with a feeble median im-
pression. Thorax very lit-
tle wider than long, sides
curved in front, slightly
sinuate near hind angles,
which are acutely rectangu-
Fig. 311. eile seo of A. Julies; & Somes oe obsoleto- lar and with a sharply de-
fined straight carina; disk
with a vague median depression on basal half and two lateral depressions ;
surface transversely strigose-punctate. Elytra gradually narrowed at ap-
ical third, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly flattened with a vague
costa each side. Length 46mm. (Fig. 311, a.)
Throughout the State; frequent; more so in the southern coun-
ties. May 17-October 17. Occurs on locust and oak.
1523 (4732). AGRILUS OBSOLETOGUTTATUS Gory, Monog. Buprest., IV, 1837,
256.
Elongate, slender. Brassy black or dark olivaceous, feebly shining;
each elytron with three pubescent spaces, the middle one elongate; often
also a small spot on side near the end of the middle one. Front flat, with
a depression at its upper part. Thorax very little wider than long, slightly
narrowed at base, sides feebly curved, hind angles with a well defined
straight carina; disk with a median depression near apex, lateral depres-
sions feeble; surface transversely strigose-punctate. Elytra as in fallaz.
the basal impressions deeper. Length 6-8 mm. (Fig. 311, 0.)
Northern half of State, frequent; Perry County in the south.
May 29-June 19. The greater length, elongate middle spot of
elytra and notched front margin of prosternum readily distinguish
this species from fallaz.
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 803
GROUP C.
In this group the fourth joint is slender and very similar to the
third, the fifth broader (Fig. 307. Nos. 1 and 2). The species are,
for the most part. smaller and more slender, rarely over 6 mm. in
length.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. Hind angles of thorax not at all carinate.
b. Elytra with pubescent spots or spaces forming a distinct design;
length 4-4.5 mm. 1524. SUBCINCTUS.
bb. Elytra without pubescent spaces, vaguely costate; thorax transverse-
ly strigose and punctate; scutellum carinate; length 3 mm.
1525. PUTILLUS.
ad. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate.
c. Elytra with pubescent spots; lateral margin of thorax as seen from
the side, sinuous; length 4.5-6 mm.
d. Front convex, not impressed; prosternal lobe deeply emarginate.
1526. LECONTEI.
dd. Front more or less concave and distinctly impressed; prosternal
lobe very feebly emarginate; last dorsal segment without a
carina; head roughly strigose. 1527. ADDENDUS.
ec. Elytra without pubescent spots; lateral margin of thorax straight,
defiexed only in front.
e. Male with under surface distinctly pubescent, the first two ventral
segments deeply channeled; thorax without lateral impressions.
LACUSTRIS.
ee. Male with first two ventral segments flat or feebly channeled, not
pubescent ; length 3-5 mm.
f. Antenne slender, joints longer than wide. 1528. EGENUS.
ff. Antenne shorter, the serrate joints wider than long; prosternal
lobe emarginate. 1529. PUSILLUS.
1524 (4734). AGRILUS SUBCINCTUS Gory, Mon. Buprest., IV, 1837, 252.
Elongate-oblong, moderately robust. Piceous, with faint bronze lustre;
elytra with two yellowish pubescent spaces, one extending from humeri to
middle, with two interruptions, then turning obliquely outwards; the sec-
ond oblique, one-fourth from apex. Occiput strigose and with a deep me-
dian impression. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides regularly curved ;
disk with a rather broad but shallow median groove extending the full
length and a well marked depression each side; surface transversely stri-
gose at middle, obliquely so on sides. Elytra somewhat dilated behind the
middle, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly flattened with a vague
costa, surface with coarse scales. Prosternal lobe broadly emarginate.
Length 44.5 mm.
Vermillion, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. May 30—July
21. Taken by beating.
804 FAMILY XXXIX.-—BUPRESTID.
1525 (4748). Acritvs PuTILLUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,
163; ibid. IT, 597.
Dlongate-oblong, slender. Dark olivaceous bronze, moderately shining.
Antenne searcely renching the middle of thorax. Occiput with a feebly im-
pressed line. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides regularly curved,
hind angles rectangular; disk with a feeble linear median impression, lat-
eral depressions deep along the sides; surface transversely strigose, punc:
tured near apex. Elytra very little sinuate at middle, tips rounded, serru-
late; disk slightly depressed at middle, basal fovere feeble; a shallow groove
between the suture and a vague costa on each; surface covered with scales,
but not closely. Prosternal lobe truncate or slightly emarginate. Length
5—-+ mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 3. Our smallest species. De-
seribed from Posey County.
1526 (4750). AGritus LEcontTEeI Saunders, Cat. Buprest., 1871, 117.
Elongate, rather robust. Dull olivaceous bronze, sometimes slightly
brassy; elytra with a space on each basal depression, an indistinct, broad
curved band at middle and another on apical third, whitish pubescent.
Thorax a little wider than long, sides feebly curved; disk with a deep me-
dian depression composed of two fover united by a groove, the lateral
oblique depressions moderately deep; surface coarsely punctate. Elytra
slightly broadened behind the middle, tips together rounded, serrulate; disk
slightly depressed at middle with a vague costa each side; surface sub-
granulate. Tarsal claws cleft at middle, forming a broad tooth. Length
4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 311, ¢.)
Lake, Vermillion, Marion and Knox counties; scarce. May 17-
July 10.
A, lacusty?s lee., dark bronze. green or blue, length 4-7.5 mm., is
known from Illinois, westward.
1527 (4737). AGRILUS ADDENDUS Croteh, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 95.
Moderately robust. Dull coppery or olivaceous bronze, subopaque; each
elytron with three pubescent spots, as in fullu.r. these sometimes very faint.
Antenne reaching the middle of thorax. Head from above coneave, a rather
deep impression from the occiput to ¢lypeus. Thorax a little wider than
long, sides feebly curved and slightly sinuate in front of hind angles; disk
with a faint median and a moderately distinet lateral impression each side,
closely transversely strigose. Elytra but slightly broadened behind the mid-
dle, the tips rounded, feebly serrulate; disk slightly flattened and with a
vague channel each side of suture. Length 5-G mm.
Posey and Perry connties; scarce, April 21-May 31. Taken
Trom peach trees in blossom and by sweeping herbage, A south-
western form, described from Texas.
1528 (4746). AGRILUS EGENUS Gory, Mon. Buprest., IV, 1837, 258.
Moderately elongate, rather slender. Olixe bronze, sometimes greenish.
Antennie reaching middle of thorax, the third joint shorter than fourth.
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 805
Occiput strigose and with a feeble median impression. Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, hind angles with a distinct, slightly oblique carina; disk
without a median depression, those on sides well marked, transversely stri-
gose with small punctures between the wrinkles. Elytra slightly broader
behind the middle; tips rounded, serrulate; disk slightly depressed; sur-
face with imbricate scales. Prosternal lobe truncate, more or less emargi-
nate; tarsal claws broadly toothed. Length 3.5-5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 24+-July 25. Occurs on
foliage of various trees, especially the black locust, in which the
larve dwell.
1529 (47240). AGRILUS PUSILLUS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 252;
ibid. I, 388.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. YWead and thorax brassy or lronzed;
elytra purplish-black. Autenne reaching middle of thorax. Occiput with
a feeble median impression. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, slightly
narrowed at base; sides curved in front, slightly sinuate near hind angles,
which are distinctly carinate ; disk with a broad transverse depression in
front of base, so that when viewed from the side the front half is more
convex ; lateral depressions moderate; surface coarsely transversely strigose
with coarse punctures between the wrinkles. Elytra distinctly dilated be-
hind the middle; disk with a vague costa on each side and concave each
side of suture; surface with sparse, smooth scales. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Vermillion, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. June 8—July 7.
XIV. TapHrocerus Sol. 1833. (Gv., ‘pit + horn.’’)
In this and the remaining genera of the family the under side of
the thorax is deeply grooved near the margin for the reception of
the antenne in repose; the legs very retractile., the tibiz being usu-
ally suleate for the reception of the tarsi, which are short. In
Taphrocerus the body is elongate and the presternum narrow and
pointed behind.
1530 (4755). ‘TAPHROCERUS GRACILIS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825,
253; ibid. I, 389; II, 599.
Elongate-oblong, strongly tapering on apical third. Blackish-bronzed,
shining. Occiput with a broad but shallow median depression. Thorax
one-half wider than long, very uneven, a transverse, slightly impressed line
near apex and a triangular indented space on each side of basal half; sur-
face very finely and densely }unctate and with scattered shallow punctures
of much larger size. Elytra with sides strongly sinuate; disk with rows
of rather large deeply impressed punctures which become obsolete on apical
third; usually with vague patches of whitish’ pubescence arranged in two
crossbars on apical half. Length 3.4 -5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 6-Auygust 21; mating on
May 21. Oceurs on the flowers and leaves of the button bush,
Cephalanthus occidentalis ., and on herbs in low, wet places.
$06 FAMILY XXXIX.—BUPRESTID.
XV. Braciys Sol. 1833. (Gr.. ‘‘short.’’)
In this genus the body is broadly ovate and subdepressed ; the
prosternum obtuse behind. Five species are listed from the United
States, three of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRACHYS.
a. Larger, 5-6.5 mm.; pubescence of elytra white and reddish-yellow. ar-
ranged in three sinuous crossbars; last ventral segment truncate.
1531. OvaATA.
aa. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.; last ventral segment rounded.
b. Pubescence of elytra mostly fulvous or reddish-yellow. that on apical
third more dense than elsewhere. 1532. ROSA.
bb. Pubescence of elytra mostly whitish and arranged as in ovata, that
on apical third not more dense than in middle crossbar.
1533. -ERUGINOSA.
1531 (4758). Bracuys ovata Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 76.
Broadly ovate, obtusely triangular in front, narrowed
behind. Blackish or purplish-bronzed, head and thorax
sparsely, elytra more densely clothed with prostrate
hairs; those on elytra in three irregular bands, one sub-
basal, one median and one subapical; the latter forming
two crescents; the outer hairs in each band usually white.
Occiput and front with a broad and shallow median
groove. Thorax more than twice as broad as long, finely
i and densely punctate. Filytra with widely separated rows
Fig. 312. x 5. of shallowly impressed punctures, and each with a sin-
Original.) uous raised line or narrow carina extending from hu-
merus almost to apex. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 312.)
Throughout the State: frequent. Mav 16-July 13. Occurs on
oak, in the leaves of which the larve dwell.
15382 (4761). BracHys a@rosa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844,
148.
Resembles vrata in form and distinguished mainly by the characters
given in key. On the apical third of elytra the pubescence covers the en-
tire surface and is orange red or fulvots at center and yellowish on the
edge. The punctures of elytra are more numerous and irregularly placed.
Length 44.5 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; less so in the southern counties.
May 16-June 18. Oceurs on oak. hickory and elm.
1583 (4762). BrRacnys £RUGINOsA Gory, Mon. Buprest., LV. 1837, 335.
Differs from wrosa only in its smaller size and in the arrangement and
color of the pubescence. That of elytra is in irregular, sinuate transverse
bands as in orata, and is mostly whitish-yellow in hue. That on head and
thorax is shorter and more sparse. TPunetures of elytra less numerous.
Length 3.54 mm.
THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. od 807
Starke, Pulaski and Marshall counties; rare. June 11-June 19.
Beaten from foliage of oak:
XVI Pacuyscents Sol. 1833. (Gr., ‘‘thick + leg.’’)
This genus is distinguished from Bruchys by the characters given
in generic kev. Of the four species known from the United States.
two have been taken in Indiana.
1534 (4764). PacHYSCELUS PURPUREUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., VI,
1836, 164; ibid. II, 599.
Ovate or triangular, subeconvex. Head and thorax black, shining; ely-
tra purple. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides broadly curved,
disk without depressions; surface with a number of large shallow dis-
coidal punctures. more numerous near hind angles. Elytra each indented
at middle of base and behind the humerus; surface with rows of large,
feebly impressed junctures, which become obsolete towards the tips. Ab-
domen with a deep marginal groove; last segment rounded, not serrate on
edge. Length 3.5 mm.
Lake, Marshall and Starke counties; rare. June 11-July 4. De-
scribed from Posey County. Beaten from vegetation in marshy
places. The larvae live in the leaves of the bush clover ( Lespedeza).
1585 (4766). PACHYSCELUS LEVIGATUS Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825,
252; ibid. I, 388; II, 598.
Broadly ovate. Black, shining. Thorax twice as wide as long; sides
less curved; disk with a depression each side, punctured as in purpureus.
Elytra with sides more rounded, less attenuate behind the middle; surface
irregularly and shallowly punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Througheut the State; common. June 2—-August 11. Mating
June 11. Occurs on the foliage of the black gum and the flowers
of black haw. milk-weed. etc.
Family NL. LAMPYRIDU¥.
THe FrreFuies or LIGHTNING Bues.
The firefly in June-time doth glow at eventide. In central Indi-
ana, during the dusk of the last davs of Mav or first week in June,
the signal lamps of these curiously formed beetles begin to appear.
aA fortnight later they are here by myriads. illumining by their
flashes of light the gloom that overhangs low. moist meadows and the
darker spots along the banks of streams and ponds or the borders of
woodlands. Silently and slowly they wing their way, lighting their
signals every few seconds in order to attract unto themselves another
of their kind, or as an incitement to rivalry amongst the males when
both sexes are winged.
SOS FAMILY XlL.—LAMPYRIDE.
The fireflies are medium or small-sized. elongate or oblong,
beetles of soft structure, mostly plain black or brownish in color
and often having the thorax bordered with red or yellow and ex-
panding into a thin projecting margin which, in many species.
covers the head. They have the maxille exposed at the base and
bearing two ciliate lobes. the inner of which is sometimes obsolete ;
antenne serrate. usuaily 11-jointed and inserted on the front; elytra
thin, flexible. sometimes short and never strongly embracing the
sides of abdomen, the latter with seven or eight free ventral seg-
ments; front coxal cavities large, transverse, the coxe conical, with
large trechantins; middle cvoxe oblique, usually contiguous; hind
coxe transverse and prominent; leys long, slender, often com-
pressed; tarsi 5-jointed. not lobed beneath, the fourth joint more or
less bilobed.
The name ‘‘Lampyride’’ is derived from a Greek word meaning
‘to shine,’’ and refers to the preperty above mentioned which many
of the larger forms possess, viz., that of emitting a phosphorescent
or luminous glow. This light-giving apparatus is located on the
under side of one or more segments of the abdomen and is com-
posed of a specialized portion of fatty tissue, situated directly under
the soft chitinous cover and thickly supplied with nerves and fine
tracheal branches. ‘‘The cells of this Inminous organ secrete, under
the control of the nervous system, a substance which is burnt dur-
ing the appearance of the light; this combustion takes place by
means of the oxygen of the air conveyed to the cells of the luminous
body by the trachee, which branch profusely in it and break up
into capillaries.” The burning takes place without producing
sensible heat, is controlled hy the will of the insect and is intermit-
tent, being exhibited by Hashes. It is a vital phenomenon and
ceases after death, but the luminous segments can be recognized in
dried specimens by their vellow hue.
That the lght-giving power js of especial importance to the true
fireflies, which all belong to the subfamily Tampyrine, is shown by
the fact that they usually have the eves largely developed, and that
they are nocturnal insects, being sluggish by day, when they rest
upon the ground, the trunks «of trees or the foliage of herbs or
grasses. The property of emittine light is possessed both by the
perfect insect and the larvw. the latter, as well as the wingless
females of certain species, being known as **glow-worms.’? Those
belonging to the other subfamilies are diurnal in habit and are
usually found upon flowers or rumnine: actively about over leaves in
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGIITNING BUGS, 809
search of their prey. All are for the most part carnivorous in
diet, especially in the larval stave, feeding mostly upon small
worms, larve of other insects. and snails. and are therefore to be
considered among our more beneficial beetles. The larvw are elon-
gated, flattened, usually a little tapering toward each end, of a
tough or leathery texture and often clothed with short hairs. They
are furnished with sharp, slender projecting jaws with which they
seize their prey. They occur usnally beneath rubbish on the ground,
or under the bark of logs and dead trees, where they lie in wait for
small wood-eating larva.
The principal literature treating of the North American species
of the family is as follows:
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Lampyrides of Temperate North
Ameriea,’’ in Proce. Phil. Acad. Sci, VY, 1851, 331-847.
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Lampyridw of the U.8.,’? ix Trans.
Amer. Entom. Soc., IX, 1881, 15-72.
Nearly 1,500 species of Lampyridew are known, about 230 of
which, distributed among 42 genera, are from the United States.
Of these, 68 species, belonging to 25 genera. have }een taken in In-
diana. For convenience the family is divided inta three subfam-
ilies, all of which are represented in the State.
KEY TO SUBPFAMILIEFS OF LAMPYRID.E.
a. Middle cox separated; elytra for the most part reticulate; epipleura
wanting; abdomen without phosphorescent organs.
Subfamily I. Lycina, p. 809.
aa. Middle coxse contiguous; elytra not reticulate; epipleura distinct.
b. Head nearly or quite covered by the thorax; episterna of metathorax
sinuate on the inner side; epipleura usually wide at the base of
the elytra; phosphorescent organs usually present.
Subfamily II. Lampyrin.e, p. 816.
bb. Head wholly uncevered by the thorax; episterna of metathorax not
sinuate on the inner side; epipleura narrow at the base; phos-
phorescent organs absent. Subfamily III. TELerHorina, p. 825.
Subfamily I. LYCINAE,
The members of this subfamily are diurnal and occur usually on
the leaves and flowers of plants, where they seek insect food. They
have the epipleura reduced to a narrow thickened marginal line,
and the middle coxa rather widely separated by the mesosternum.
The elytra are usually costate and coarsely reticulate, with fine
elevated lines forming a coarve network. The head is sometimes
prolonged in front of the eyes into a long, narrow beak, To the
810 FAMILY XIu.mMLAMPYRID.E.
subfamily belong eleven genera, five of which are represented in the
collection at hand, while members of three others probably occur
within the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LYCINAD.
a. Under side of thorax (except in Conia) with a prominent tubular spira-
cle behind and at the outer extremity of the front coxa.
b. Front prolonged into a beak; mouth anterior; antennse with third
joint scarcely as long as fourtb. LYCOSTOMUS.
bb. Front swollen between the antenne, the beak wanting; mouth de-
flexed, inferior.
ec. Antennse much compressed. I. CALorreron.
ec, Antenne pectinate.
d. Intervals of elytra with double rows of coarse quadrate reticu-
lations; spiracle of thorax not tubular and prominent.
Ca@Nia.
dd. Intervals with single rows of quadrate impressions; spiracle of
thorax prominent. IJ. CELETES.
aa. Under side of thorax without a prominent tubular spiracle.
e. Wlytra costate, cross-barred or reticulate.
f. Disk of thorax strongly carinate, its sides also divided by an
oblique ridge from the hind angles. LoPHEROS.
7f. Disk of thorax scarcely or not carinate.
g. Thorax many celled, the sides divided by a strong transverse
ridge. III. Eros.
gg. Thorax without distinct cells, feebly channeled behind the mid-
dle, its sides not divided by a transverse ridge.
IV. PLATEROS.
ce. Elytra substriate, not costate or cross-barred; beak short and broad;
thorax with thickened sides and short cblique ridges.
V. CALOCHROMUS.
Lycostomus lateralis Melsh., black, apex and sides of thorax and
sides of elytra as far as middle, dull yeliow, leneth 8-10 mm., has
been recorded from near Cincinnati.
I. Canopreron Guer. 1830. (Gr.. “beautiful + Wing.’’)
This genus comprises our largest species of the family. In them
the elytra gradually widen from base to apex and are each marked
by six coste with rows of transverse cells in the intervals. ‘The an-
tenne are long and strongly compressed, with the outer joints fre-
quently broader than the others. Disk of thorax rather strongly
carinate, the sides reflexed. Two species are known from Indiana.
1536 (4775). CALOPTERON TERMINALE Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IIT.
1828, 178; ibid. I, 45, pl. 21,
Elongate, triangular, depressed. Black, sides of thorax and basal two-
thirds of elytra yellow; apical third of elytra purplish-black. Thorax
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 811
small, not longer than wide; elytra and wings extending much beyond the
end of abdomen, the former about four times wider near apex than at
base. Length 11-17 mm.
Throughout the State, but scarce. August 6-October 23. Oc-
curs on foliage of plants usually near water.
15387 (4776). CALOPTERON RETICULATUM Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 203.
Resembles in form the preceding, but usually more
slender. Elytra dull yellow, with a broad black trans-
verse band just in front of the middle, which sometimes
extends along suture to base, and another on apical
third. Elytra but three times wider near apex than at
base, their first and third coste finer and less elevated
than second and fourth. Length 11-19 mm. (Fig. 313.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 31—No- i
vember 30. Occurs on flowers of wild hydrangea, py 913, x 14,
goldenrod, and leaves of various shrubs. The ‘Ater Knobel.)
specimen taken on November 30 was found beneath a piece of rail
in a fence corner, where it was evidently attempting to hibernate.
Cama dimidiata Fabr., black, sides of thorax and front half of
elytra, except scutellar black spot, dull yellow, length 10 mm., is
said to occur in the ‘‘ Atlantic region.’’
II. Crnmres Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘a swelling.’’)
Represented in the Atlantic region of the United States by a
single species having joints four to ten of antenne each with a long
basal process in the male or shorter and broadly triangular with
acute angle in the female. Elytra gradually becoming twice as
wide behind as at base; each with six acutely elevated coste, with a
single row of quadrate cells in each interval.
15388 (4779). CELETES BASALIS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1847, 76.
Elongate, rather slender. Black or piceous; sides of thorax and line
along humerus on basal half of each elytron dull yellow; base of femora
yellowish. Thorax variable in size and form, the disk strongly carinate,
the sides reflexed. Length 6-8.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 15. Taken from the foliage of the
thorn or honey locust.
Lophcros fraternus Rand., black, thorax with a large orange
spot behind middle, length 9-11 mm., has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati,
812 FAMILY XL.—-LAMPYRIDA.
UI. Eros Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘the God of love.’’)
The species of this genus are of inedium size and have the last
joint of maxillary palpus longer than the preceding, and acute at
tip; antenne moderately compressed, with the second joint at least
half as long as third, which ix not longer than fourth. Elytra
neyer widely dilated behind, the intervals usually with double rows
of small quadrate depressions. Ten species of Eros are listed from
the United States. six of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EROS.
a. Thorax with five well defined cells, the median one rhombic. not cari-
nate.
b. Upper surface black: humeral spot on elytra and sides of thorax
dull yellow. 1539. THORACICUS.
bb. Upper surface scarlet.
c. Under surface of body black. 1540. AURORA.
ec, Under surface red. 1541. MUNDUS.
aa, Thorax with six cells. sometimes ill defined; the middle one of front
row more or less carinate.
d. Head strongly margined in front of antennze; front middle cell of
thorax with sides distinct. 1542. ScULPTILISs.
dd. Head not margined before the antennie; front middle cell of thorax
with sides indistinct or wanting.
ec. Base of elytra and each side of thorax yellowish; transverse
carinw between the front and hind rows of cells strong, sinuate.
1543. HUMERALIS.
ce, Elytra wholly black or piceous; transverse carinw separating the
front and hind rows of cells indistinct at middle.
1544. TRILINEATUS.
1539 (4783). Eros THoracicus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. IT, 1838, 14.
Elongate-oblong, depressed. Black; sides of thorax and humeral spot
on elytra dull reddish-yellow. Antennze with elongate slender joints, the
second and third together about equal to the fourth. Length 5-8 mm.
Vigo County; rare. May 31. Beaten from foliage of elm.
1540 (4757). FRos atrora Herbst., Nat. Insect., 1789.
Elongate, depressed. Head, antenne and under surface black or pic-
eous; thorax and elytra bright scarlet. the depressions of the former and
the scutellum dusky. Thorax with two elevated lines, distant in the mid-
dle and meeting on the front and hind edges, enclosing a rhomboidal cell;
also with two cells on each side. Length 7-11 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. September 22-November 4.
Those taken in Vigo County were found in dry upland woods
beneath logs which had heen partially burned. three beneath one
log. six beneath another. They feigned death when the logs were
overturned,
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 813
J541 (4788). Eros munpvs Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 18385, 155; ibid.
II, 688.
Resembles the preceding but much smaller and with under side of
body red or scarlet; antenne black, the two basal joints scarlet; ventral
segments and tarsi often dusky. Length 6 mm.
A species of southern range deseribed by Say from Posey
County. Taken by Dury near Cincinnati; not represented in the
collection at hand.
1542 (4789). Eros scurpritis Say, loc. cit., 156; ibid. LT, 683.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Black
or piceous; thorax reddish-yellow, usually
with a blackish spot on disk. Antenne elon-
gate, slender, third joint but little shorter
than fourth, second minute, about one-third
the length of third. Front middle cell of tho-
rax quadrate, carinate; hind middle cell nar-
row. Elytra each with four strong discal
coste; the lateral edge and sutural line
raised; intervals each with a double row of
alternating irregular cells. Length 5-7 mm.
(Fig. 314.)
Vigo and Posey counties; scarce.
June 3—-June 22. Beaten from leaves of Fig. 314. Original.)
hickory and ironweed.
1543 (4790). Eros HUMERALIS Fab., Syst. Hleut., IJ, 1801, 111.
Resembles thoracicus in color, but distinguished by having six cells
on thorax, the middle front one with sides indistinct but with a strong
central carina; hind middle cell narrow like a channel; second joint of an-
tennie more than half as long as third. Length 8-10 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Posey counties; rare. May 28—June 3.
Described by Say from Posey County under the specifie name
obliquus.
1544 (4791). Dros tritineatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT,
1845, 308.
Blongate-oblong, depressed. Black or piceous, often with a rusty or
reddish-brown tinge; sides of thorax dull yellow. Walls of front row of
thoracie cells obliterated, only the median carina remaining; hind row of
cells consisting of a very narrow median and two large lateral ones, the
latter defined in front by the usual oblique transverse ridge, which is not
complete. Elytra each with three cost; the lateral edge and suture raised,
the usual first costa of disk indistinct; intervals each with a double row
of quadrate cells. Length 5-7.5 mm.
Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties: scaree. June 24-
July 20.
814 FAMILY Xlu.—LAMPYRID.©.
IV. Puareros Bourg. 1879. (Gr., ‘‘broad + Eros.’’)
In this genus the sides of thorax are strongly reflexed; the disk
without the transverse ridge seen in ros, and consequently with-
out cells. The elytra have nine narrow and usually equal slightly
elevated lines, separated by rows of fine quadrate cells. Sometimes
the alternate lines are a little stronger, so that the elytra become
feebly 4-costate. The species are very difficult to separate. Hight
are known from the United States, five of which have been taken in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PLATEROS.
a. Antenne broad, not strongly serrate.
bv. Elytra with alternate lines distinctly more elevated, the intermediate
ones very feeble. 1545. MODESTUS.
bb. Elytra with all the lines equal or nearly so.
ec. Thorax with a small notch at middle of base, the discal black spot
with a pale margin on all sides. 1546. SOLLICITUS.
ec. Thorax not notched at base, the discal spot reaching the base and
usually the apex.
d. Median impressed line of thorax distinct, reaching from base to
middle. 1547. CANALICULATUS.
dd. Median impressed line of thorax obsolete, represented only by
a small roundish impression in front of scutellum; antenne
shorter; form more narrow. 1548. FLORALIS.
aa. Antenne strongly serrate; thorax with «» median impressed line on
basal third. 1549. LicTor.
1545 (4794). PLateros mopestus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 153;
ibid. II, 631.
Hlongate-oblong, subdepressed. Black, sides and apical margin of tho-
rax reddish-yellow. Third joint of antennz one-half the length of fourth,
the second much smaller. Thorax with sides strongly elevated, apex
rounded, hind angles somewhat prolonged. Elytra as mentioned in key.
the more elevated lines with two rows of cells in intervals, these rows
separated by the finer lines. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. June 8. A broader species than those
which follow.
1546 (4796). PLatTeRos soLiicirts Lec.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. 2d
Ed., I, 1847, 83.
Elongate, subdepressed, narrower than canaliculatus. Dull black ; tho-
rax reddish-yellow, with a large square, central, shining black spot. Tho-
rax with sides strongly reflexed, the median impressed line extending from
base to beyond middle, deepest on middle third. Elytra with well marked
equal intervals and strongly cross-barred interspaces. Antenne of male
long, the fourth joint twice as long as third, fifth twice as long as wide,
outer ones narrower, with angles acute. Antenne of female shorter, sev-
enth joint twice as long as wide. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Starke County; scarce. July 27. The thorax is narrower, with
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGOITNING BUGS. 815
apex much more rounded and hind angles less prominent than in
the next.
1547 (4795). PLATEROS CANALICULATUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I,
1835, 154; ibid. II, 632.
Elongate, depressed. Black; thorax with yellowish side margins; ely-
tra with humeri sometimes reddish-yellow. Thorax with a narrow basal
channel extending almost to middle. Second joint of antennsze minute, third
half the length of fourth. Length 5-8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. Mav 10-July 27. Oceurs on
leaves of milkweed and various shrubs.
1548 (4798). PLATEROS FLORALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1845, 302."
Elongate, slender. Black, the side margins of thorax broadly yellow.
Antenne compressed, shorter and much less serrate than in lictor. Tho-
rax with apex more broadly rounded and sides straighter than in the next.
Length 5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 2—August 11. Beaten
from vegetation.
1549 (4797). PLATEROS LicToR Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 382.
Elongate, more slender than the preceding, with which it agrees in
color. Antenne of male long, strongly serrate, third joint triangular, as
wide as long, fourth longer, not wider; those of female broader, less ser-
rate. Thorax subpentagonal, with the front margin raised and less broadly
rounded; the disk with an elongate channel on basal half, this extending
to middle in male, shorter and broader in female. Elytra with well marked
equal lines and more finely cross-barred interspaces. Length 5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 30-July 15.
V. CaLocHromus Guer. 1833. (Gr., ‘‘beautiful + color.’’)
This genus is mainly distinguished by the pubescent velvety
surface and feebly striate. not reticulate, elytra. They have the
head ending in a short, broad beak; antenne rather widely sepa-
rated, subserrate, with joints thicker and less compressed; thorax
with an entire median groove, toward which a short, oblique ridge
runs from the middle of the thickened margin.
1550 (4805). CALOCHROMUS PERFACETUS Say, Amer. Entom., II, 1825, 46:
ibid. I, 46, pl. 21.
Elongate, depressed. Black, velvety with fine pubes-
cence; sides of thorax broadly reddish-yellow. Antennz
with second joint one-third the length of third, the latter as
long but not as wide as fourth. Side margin of thorax im-
pressed at the middle, the basal lateral impressions deep.
1
Middle and hind tibise curved. Length 6.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. Fig. 313, x 2.
315.) (After Knobel.)
[52—23402]
816 FAMILY XI..—LAMPYRIDAG.
Putnam and Gibson counties; rare. July 4-September 1.
Beaten from flowers of the linden, Tilia umericana L.
Subfamily II. LAMPYRINAE.
The members of this subfamily have the middle coxe contiguous
and the epipleure wide at the base of elytra. They are divided
into two tribes, both represented in the State.
KEY TO TRIBES OF LAMPYRINAS.
a. Head more or less concealed beneath the thorax; antennze usually ap-
proximate at base; epimera of metathorax long.
Tribe I. DLAMPYRINI, p. 816.
aa. Head exposed; antenne widely separated at base; epimera of metatho-
rax wide. Tribe II. PHENGODINI, p. 824.
Tribe I. LAMPYRINI.
To this tribe belong our true fireflies, most genera possessing a
light-giving apparatus on the hind abdominal segments. The head
is deeply immersed in the thorax. the edges of which are usually
expanded into a wide, thin margin. The tribe is separated into
twelve genera, representatives of eight of which have been taken in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LAMPYRINI.
a. Antennse with second joint small, usually transverse; head completely
covered by thorax.
vb. Antenne bipectinate, somewhat distant at base, last joint simple;
margins of thorax not flattened. VI. PoLyctLasIs.
bb. Antennie not pectinate, approximate at base.
c. Last joint of antennie elongate, simple.
d. yes small; light organs feeble; ventral segments without stigma-
like pores.
e. Antenne very much compressed, not serrate; second joint very
short, transverse. VII. Lucipora.
ee. Antenue with second joint one-half as long as third, or near-
ly so.
f. Last dorsal segment of male rounded; light organs wanting.
VIII. BELiycunia.
ff. Last dorsal segment of male bisinuate and truneate.
IX. Pyropyaa.
dd. Eyes large, but larger in male than female; light organs well
see male with strongly marked elietiny: like pores.
. Thorax subearinate; female with light organs on the sides of
abdomen, X. PyRACTOMENA.
gg. Thorax not carinate, frequently grooved; female with light
organs on the middle of abdomen. XI. PHOTINUS
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 817
ce. Last joint of antenne bearing a small, jointed, needle-shaped ap-
pendage; female with short elytra. XII. LAMPROHIZA.
aa. Antenne with second joint not transverse; head exserted, narrowed be-
hind the eyes. XIII. PHorTurIs.
VI... Potycitasig Newm. 1838. (Gr.. *‘many + branches.’’)
Antenne moderately separated at base, and strongly bipectinate
from the third to tenth joint in the male, less so in female; second
joint small, third not shorter than fourth. The two processes
spring from the base of the joints in male and from the middle of
the sides in female. One species occurs in the eastern United
States.
1551 (4809). Potycasis Brrarta Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 157;
ibid. II, 635.
Elongate-oval, densely and roughly punctured. Black; thorax with
sides and apex reddish-yellow and with a median impressed line. Male
with seventh and eighth ventral segments dull yellow, seventh with a small
triangular notch, eighth narrow, parallel. Female with sixth and seventh
segments yellowish, the seventh triangular, rounded behind. Length 9-
10 mm.
Marshall and Crawford counties; scarce. June 2-June 15. Oc-
. eurs on trunks of trees in upland woods.
VII. Luciwora Cast. 1833. (L., ‘‘shining.’’)
This genus and the next four are grouped by LeConte under
the name Photini. All five genera have the head covered by the
hood-like thorax. The elytra vary in color, but in all our species
without well developed light organs they are black. Of the group
he says: ‘‘There are in many families of Coleoptera strong resem-
blanees between species of different genera, but I know of none
more deceptive than those presented by this group of Photini. The
inexperienced student should, therefore, always ascertain the genus
to which his specimen belongs before attempting its specific deter-
mination.’’ The genus Lucidota is easily known by the very
broadly compressed antenne which are not serrate, but gradually
narrowed externally. with the second joint very short and trans-
verse. The light organs are feebly developed and indicated by vel-
low spots on the last ventral of the female or last two ventrals of
male. The two species belonging to it are diurnal and frequent
shady places.
1552 (4810). Lucmorta atra Fab., Ent. Syst., I. 1798, 101.
Elongate-oblong, depressed. Black, sides and apex of thorax dull yel-
low, with a reddish or orange spot next the black median space. Thorax
818 FAMILY XIu.—ULAMPYRID.
triangular, the apex rounded. Elytra finely granulate, with four or nye
longitudinal, slightly raised lines, which are abbreviated on apical third.
Length 8-11 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June 4—July 7. Occurs on
low herbage and trunks of trees in woods. Also often noted in
flight. When captured it exudes from the joints of the legs and
sides of abdomen a milky fluid having a disagreeable odor.
1553 (4811). Lucrpora punctata Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851,
333.
Oblong, narrow. subdepressed. Black, opaque, sparsely clothed with
grayish pubescence; thorax with dorsal spot and basal margin black, the
spot often almost disconnected from the base, and with a reddish or orange
spot each side; hind angles usually dusky. Elytra coarsely granulate-punc-
tate. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. Probably throughout the State. June
25. Taken by sweeping low-ground herbage.
VIII. Exnycunra Lee. 1851. (Gr., ‘fa lamp-wick.’’)
Antenne narrow, strongly compressed, with, the second joint
but little wider than long and about one-third as long as third,
which is not longer than fourth; dorsal segments not acutely lobed
at sides and, except the next to last, not produced backwards. The
light organs are lacking and the species therefore diurnal. Two
species and one variety occur in Indiana.
1554 (4815). EnrtycuHnia corrusca Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, II, 1785, 644.
Oblong-oval. Black or rusty black; thorax with disk
and side margins black; between these is a reddish and yel-
low space or line. Third joint of antenns longer than wide.
Thorax semi-oval, its apex regularly rounded. Elytra finely
granulate and thinly covered with a fine, prostrate yellowish
pubescence; each with three or four rather indistinct coste.
: Length 10-14 mm. (Fig. 316.)
Hyatt Ab Throughout the State; common. April 1-October
21. Occurs in spring on trunks of trees in open wood-
land, especially on those of maple at or near flowing sap; in au-
tumn on flowers of goldenrod and asters. Noted mating on April
26 and May 28.
1554a (4815a). Ennycinra CoRRUSCA AUTUMNALIS Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., IT, 1845, 303.
Much smaller and relatively broader than corrusca, More brownish
in hue and with the raised lines of elytra almost obsolete. Length 7-7.5 mm.
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 819
A well-marked variety of corrusca taken by Wolcott near
Clarke, Lake County. and by myself in Steuben County; scarce.
May 25—June 12.
1555 (4815b). Ertycuyza Lactstris Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1851, 334.
Elongate-oblong, narrow. parallel. Dull sovty-black. Thorax semi-
elliptical, its edges only indistinctly paler and sparsely punctate. Elytra
finely granulate. with one costa only fairly distinct. the others obsolete.
Length 5 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 2. Smaller aud much narrower than
autumnalis and probably a distinct species. though classed as a
variety of corrusca by LeConte in his Synopsis. A northern form
described from the Lake Superior region.
IX. Pyropyca Mots. 1553. (Gr.. ‘fire - rump.’’)
Rather narrew forms. having the antenne moderately wide and
compressed, with second joint transverse. one-third as long as third,
the latter in our species longer than fourth; last dorsal segment in
both sexes broadly truncate with rounded angles; segments lobed at
the sides. with the angles but feebly produced backwards; light
organs but slightly developed.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PYROPYGA.
a. Thorax with black disk and narrow piceous or dusky edges.
ob. Elytra costate; length 6.5-S mm. 1556. FENESTRALIS.
bb. Elytra not costate; length 4.5-G6 mm. 1557. NIGRICANS.
aa. Thorax with black disk and reddish-yellow sides. 1558. DECIPIENS.
1556 (4817). Pyropyea FENESTRALIS Melsh.. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II,
1845. 804.
Elongate-oval, slender. Black or blackish-brown; thorax with a large
reddish-yellow subtriangular space on each side of the black central disk.
Elytra finely granulate and with two cr three rather indistinct cost. Length
6.5-S mm.
Laporte, Steuben, Marshall and Vigo counties; frequent. June
19-August 17. Taken by sweeping grass and low herbage. usually
in moist meadows.
15457 (4815). Pyrgopyea nicgicAxs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1828. 179; ibid. II. 116.
Resembles the preceding in form and in color of thorax. Differs mainly
in its smaller size and lack of raised lines on elytra. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Steuben. Starke and Marshall counties; frequent about tam-
arack marshes. June 17—-Juiv 15.
820 PAMILY XI..—LAMPYRID.E.
1558 (4820). Pyroryca peciriens Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc., 1836, 74.
Blongate-oval. Black or rusty black; thorax with a wide pale reddish-
yellow margin. Antenne less slender than in the other two species, the
joints one-half longer than wide. Jlytra each with two subobsolete coste
and with surface more coarsely granulate than in nigricans. Tength 5-
7 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. June 17-July 24.
X. Pyracromena Lec. 1851. (Gr., ‘‘to set on fire.’’)
Antenne narrow, not serrate; the thorax subcarinate with sides
broadly reflexed. Light organs are well developed in both sexes;
those of the male being located on the fifth and sixth ventral seg-
ments and marked each side about half way between the middle and
side by a large round stigma-like pore or spot; those of female are
at the sides of the segments, which are dusky or piceous at middle,
and are also accompanied hy distinct pores. The males have the
last dorsal segment emarginate, seventh ventral truncate, and the
eighth small. Three of the four known species have been taken
in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PYRACTOMENA.
a. Elytra with wide side margins. 1559. ANGULATA,
aa. Elytra with narrow side margins.
b. Antenne shorter than thorax. 1560, BOREALIS,
bb. Antenne longer than thorax. 1501. LUCIFERA.
1559 (4823). PyrRacroMENA ANGULATA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. aur Bel, V,
1825, 162; ibid. II, 273.
Elongate, depressed. Blackish-brown; thorax with a
dark median space and dusky lateral margins, between
which the area is yellow tinged with reddish on basal half;
elytra with suture and narrow side margins pale. Thorax
with front margin obtusely angulate. Elytra finely granu-
late, not punctured, each with two or three well marked
Fig. 317. « 13, Costa. Ventral segments of female dull yellow spotted with
(Alter Knobel.) dusky. Tength 8-15 mm. (Fig. 317.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 10-July 8,
most common fireflies.
One of our
THG0 (4824). PYRACTOMENA RORWATIS Rand. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., 11,
ISBS, 16.
Resembles wngulata closely in form and geveral appearance. The mar-
gins of both thorax and elytra are narrower and those of the former are
vellow instend of dusky as in angulata, The central black spot is usually
smaller and the red one each side larger, Antenne stout and shorter than
thorax. Abdomen of female in sreat part dark. Length 10-15 mun. ,
THE FIREFLIES oO LIGHTNING BUGS. 821
Marshall and Orange counties; rare. May 2s-June 10. A spe-
vies of wide distribution. but evervwhere much less common than
angulala.
1561 (4826). PyracroMENA LUCIFERA Melsh.. Proe."Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
IT, 1845, sod. =
Elongate, narrow, parallel. Colors as in avyuluta except that the dusky
spot on margins of thorax is mure distinct, and occurs only on middle third
of the margin. Yellow margin of elytra much narrower and more parallel
than in «ngulata. Male with ventral segments 1-4 piceous, seventh with
a piceous spot: female with fifth and sixth also piceous at middle. Length
~-14 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties: scarce. -Fune 3—June 24. Prob-
ably throughout the northern half of State.
XI. Puotixnts Lap. 1533. (Gr., ‘‘shining.’’)
Hood-like thorax not at all carinate, usually slightly grooved
and more obtusely rounded in front. The light organs are always
the larger in the male. where they occupy all the ventral segments
behind the third or fourth and are accompanied hy stigmatic pores
on the fifth and sixth segments. In the female they oceur on the
middle part of the ventral <ezmeuts. but the stigma-like impres-
sions are barely or net visible. Five have been taken in Indiana,
while one other perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHOTINUS.
a. Fourth ventral segment dark.
b. Thorax with a black strij:e and two roseate spots: elytra with wide
side margins. 1562. CONSANGUINEUS.
bb. Thorax with a dusky cloud or black spot; elytra with narrow side
margins; form mere narrow.
ce. Thorax with hind angles acute. somewhat produced, its disk
smooth. margins punctate. 1563. ARDENS.
ec. Thorax with bind angles not preduced, its disk finely, margins
densely and rather cearsely. punctate. PUScCTELATCS,
aa. Fourth ventral segment pale, at least in part.
d. Large species (9 or more mm.) : disk of thorax roseate with a large
black spot: ventral impressivus of male very distinct.
1564. PYRALIs.
dd. Small species (less than S min.) ; ventral impressions of male obso-
lete.
c. Elytra pale. widely margined: female with long elytra and wings.
1565. MARGINELLUS.
ce, Elytra dusky with pale margins. narrowly margined: female with-
out wings. elytra short. widely separated at suture.
1566, Sc INTILLANS,
$22 FAMILY XL.—~-UAMPYRID.%.
1562 (4827). Pnorinus coNSANGUINEUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,
VY, 1851, 335.
Elongate, rather slender. Dusky or piceous; thorax yellow, with a
black median bar on basal half, this bordered with pinkish on each side;
elytra with suture and side margins pale. Surface of elytra finely granu-
late, with one or two subobsclete carinze. Iemale with sixth ventral seg-
ment dark piceous. Length 8--12.5 mm.
Porter, Marshall and Kosciusko counties; scarce. June 3-
June 19.
1563 (4829). PHoTiIntus arpeNns Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851,
334.
Hlongate, slender. Fuscous or piceous; thorax with side margins and
apex pale; elytra with suture and narrow side margins yellowish. An-
tennze very slender. Thorax semicircular, base truncate, margins wide,
translucent, feebly reflexed. LElytra finely and densely granulate. Length
6-11 mm.
Kosciusko and Posey counties, scarce; also two Indiana speci-
mens in Webster collection. June 22—June 25.
P. punctulata Lec., fusco-piceous, thorax dusky with sides
dusky, length 10-11.5 mm., is known from Tllinois and Kansas.
1564 (4835). PuHorinus pyratis Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 1785, 644.
Elongate-oblong, rather
7 robust. Piceous-brown; thorax
with margins dull yellow, the
convex disk roseate and with
a central black spot. Elytra
with suture and narrow side
. : margins pale. Thorax with a
2 ae short dorsal channel. Male
“mei pupsin Wetton cals betes “ter gy | With Rind margin of fourth
and whole of the succeeding
ventral segments yellow; female with dusky spots at base of fifth segment ;
sixth dusky, margined with yellow. Length 10-14 mm. (Fig. 318.)
Tippecanoe, Madison, Vigo, Marion and Lawrence counties:
frequent. June 8—July 29,
1565 (4836). PHOTINUS MARGINELLUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sch. Vi.
1851, 335.
Elongate, slender. Pale, dull yellow; disk of thorax roseate Without
or with only a trace of a black spot; antenne and legs dusky. Elytra finely
granulate and pubescent. Length 6-8 mm. ‘
Kosciusko, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce.
gust 11. The form here described is the pale
The typical form is colored similar to seinliMaus,
June 2—Au-
variety casta Lee,
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 823
1566 (4837). PHorints scINTILLANS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V.
1825, 163; ibid. II, 275. .
Elongate, slender. Dusky brown; thorax rosaceous with a yellowish
margin and central black spot; elytra with suture and side margins pale;
antenne dusky. Elytra finely and almost indistinctly granulate; those of
female not more than one-third the length of abdomen. Length 5.5-8 mm.
Martin County; searece. July 13. Said by Say to be ‘‘our
very abundant firefly and familiar to every inhabitant of the coun-
try,’’ but this does not hold good in Indiana.
NIL. Lanprosiza Mots. 1853. (Gr., ‘‘to glow+a root.’’)
Antenne simple with quadrate joints, the eleventh with a small
jointed needle-shaped appendage near the tip. The females have
short elytra and the males transparent spots on the thorax. One
species has been taken in the State. while another may occur.
1567 (4843). LamPproHiza INACCENSA Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XVII,
187s, 611.
Elongate, gray, slightly pubescent. Thorax wider than long, semicir-
cularly rounded at tip and sides, the latter strongly incurved at base, hind
angles dentiform; disk dark, convex, smooth, sides very widely flattened,
scabrous, pale gray; near the apex (in male) are two large colorless, trans-
parent spots. Elytra reticulate-punctate, with the longitudinal raised lines
very faint, sides rather strongly margined. Beneath densely punctured.
gray; abdomen piceous, wholly without phosphorescent spots; antennze and
legs gray. Length 6.3 mm.
A spevies of the Alleghanian fauna described from Marquette.
Michigan. One specimen in the Dury collection is from near Mich-
igan City, Laporte County. Probably oceurs sparingly in the
northern third of the State.
DL. splendidula Winn., fifth and sixth ventral segments yellow.
thorax wider than long, length $.5 mm., is a European species re-
corded from Maryland and Illinois.
XIII. Puoruris Lec. 1851. (Gr., ‘light + tail.’’)
Eyes large, convex and widely separated; head rounded, nar-
rowed behind, not retractile and not entirely covered by the hood-
like thorax; antennz longer than one-half the body,
filiform, slender, not compressed, the second and third
joints about equal and, together, as long as each of the
following joints. The light organs in both sexes oe-
caupy the whole of the fifth and following segments.
1568 (4847). PHOTURIS PENNSYLVANICA DeG., Mem. Hist.
des Ins., IV, 1768, 52 i ea
j ae y ae (After Knobel.)
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax dull
824 PAMILY Xt.—LAMPYRIDA.
yellow, the latter with disk red with a narrow median dark stripe; ely-
‘tra brown or piceous, with the suture, narrow side margins and a nar-
row stripe on disk pale. Labrum tridentate. Thorax and elytra densely
and rather roughly punctured. Length 11-15 mm. (Fig. 319.)
Throughout the State; cur most common firefly. May 23—Au-
gust 6.
Tribe II. PHENGODINI.
In this tribe the thorax, though rounded in front, does not cover
the head. The eves are convex, prominent and widely separated;
antenne not approximate, plumose or with fan-like processes in
male; middle coxw contiguous. Two genera ave represented in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PHENGODINI,.
a. Prosternum very short; front flat, labrum large; elytra short, awl-
shaped; tarsi with fourth joint lobed. XIV. PHENGODES.
aa. Prosternum well developed; front convex, labrum small; antennze ser-
rate. XV. TyTTHONYX.
XIV Pueneoves Illig. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘shining.’’)
Medium-sized species, having the head deeply and transversely
excavated behind the eves; gulay region deeply excavated, the su-
tures confluent. One species is known from the State.
1569 (4852). PHENGODES PLUMOSA Oliy., Ent., II, 1790, 26.
Elongate, robust, depressed. Dull yellow, finely pubes-
cent; head, antenn, tips of elytra and dorsal surface of
abdomen fuscous. Antenne of male feather-like, the third
and following joints emitting long flexible branches. Tho-
rax more than twice as wide as long, almost smooth. Ely-
tra one-third the length of abdomen, very widely separated
at tips. Length 11-12 mm. (Fig. 320.)
Fig. 320. x 1. One in Webster collection labeled ‘*Ind.’? Seems
(After Glover. }
to be everywhere rare, though Nay says: **Not un-
common for a short period in autumn when, attracted by eandles,
they enter the house in the evening and Ay repeatedly against the
ceiling in their efforts to escape.”’
XV Tyrruponyx Lee, 1S5i. (Gr, “*sinall + elaw.’’)
Teves small, rounded. eonvex : antemme nearly as long as the
hody. broadly compressed, strongly servate, joints triangular, the
second but one half as long and one half as wide as third; the
outer joints of male longer, narrower and more prolonged at tip
than the joints preecding. One species is known,
ioe)
fo
ror
TOE BIKLELIEN GK LIGHTNING BUGS.
W710 (4863). TyrrHoNyx ErRYTIHOCEPIIALUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., IT, 1801, 105.
Oblong, compressed. Black, opaque. sparsely and finely pubescent ;
front, occiput and under surface of head reddish-yellow. Thorax trans-
verse, truncate in front, broadly rounded behind, the sides short, inflexed.
Elytra one-half as long ax abdomen, rounded at tip; wings straight, extend-
ing along the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Length 4+ mm.
Marion and Posey counties: scarce. May 17-July 3. Occurs
on leaves of various shrubs.
Subfamily IL]. TELEPHORINAE.
The members of this subfamily differ from those of the two pre-
ceding by having the mouth organs more strongly developed; eyes
smaller; antenne more widely separated at base and by the straight
or nearly straight outline of the inner side of the metathoracic
episterna. Light organs are whoily lacking and the sexes are quite
similar in form and the development of the wings. The subfamily
is separated into three tribes, all of which are represented in In-
diana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF TELEPHORIN.£.
a. Tarsi with joints three and four lobed beneath; mentum short.
Tribe I. OxETHINI, p. 825.
aa, Tarsi simple or with the fourth joint only lobed beneath.
b. Mentum very long, wider in front; prosternum feebly developed,
separated by a membrane from the surrounding parts.
Tribe II. CHAULIOGNATHINI, p. 826.
bb. Mentum small, quadrate, often semimembranous; prosternum normal,
fully developed. Tribe III. TELEPHORINI, p. S828.
Tribe I. OMETHINI.
This tribe comprises two geriera of small oblong beetles pos-
sessing ihe characters of the tribe Telzphorini as set forth on a suc-
ceeding page, but having the third and fourth joints of the tarsi
prolonged or lobed beneath. The typical genus. Omethcs, is repre-
sented in the eastern United States by a single species. O. margi-
natus Lee.. which has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati and
therefore probably occurs in the southern third of the State. The
other genus is established for a new species. closely allied to
Ome thes, which has bven taken in three of the southern counties.
KEY TO GENERA OF THE TRIBE OMETHINI.
uw. Elytra with finely impressed strive; clypeus truncate: antennée alike in
the sexes. OMETHES,
aa. Elytra wholly without strize; clypeus broadly emarginate: antenne un-
like in the sexes. XVI. BLaNCHARDIA.
$26 FAMILY XL.—LAMPYRID&.
XVI... BhancuarpiA Gen. Nov.
This genus differs from Omethes in the characters above given
and in having the heed broader, more finely and densely punctured
on front and vertex; eyes smaller and less prominent; tarsal claws
much smaller and more slender, with a smaller tooth at base. In
the male the antennse are geniculate at the end of the fourth joint;
the basal joint is large, strongly and distinctly clavate; second and
fourth subequal in length, the latter much more robust and closely
united with the shorter third, the two appearing like one clavate
joint; fifth shorter than sixth to tenth, which are subequal; eleventh
longer, a little stouter and subacuminate. In the female the basal
joint is less stout and not clavate; joint two is a little shorter than
three to ten, which are equal. The genus is named in honor of
Frederick Blanchard, of Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, a well-known
Coleopterist who has shown me many favors during the preparation
of the present paper.
1571 (-—--). BLANCHARDIA GRACILIS sp. nov.
Elongate, slender, clothed with fine, sparse, suberect yel-
lowish hairs. Head, thorax, antenns, legs and under sur-
face, except the abdomen, pale reddish-yellow; elytra and
abdomen piceous, the humeral angles of former and tip of
latter reddish-yellow. Thorax transversely elliptical, more
than twice as wide as long, sides rounded into base and
apex; margins, except the apical, distinctly reflexed; sur-
face minutely and very sparsely punctured. Blytra not wider
at base than thorax, their margins slightly flattened and
reflexed along their apical two-thirds, thus causing them to
appear wider teward the apex; surface finely, sparsely, shal-
ve Sina 7. lowly and somewhat rugosely punctured, each puncture bear-
ing a suberect yellowish hair. Length 4-4.5 mm. (Fig. 321.)
Lawrence, Crawitord and Perry counties; one speeimen from
each; one male, two females. May 20-June 5. Taken by sweeping
roadside herbage.
Tribe 11. CHAULIOGNATHINI.
Head prolonged before and behind the eyes; maxillary palpi
long and but slightly dilated ; mentum elongate and wider ie front;
prosternum small, broadly triangular; middle cox separated, meso-
sterum membranous; tarsal claws simple.
The tribe is represented
by the single genus -
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 827
XVII. CHauuiognatuus Hentz. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘with exposed +
jaws or maxille.’’)
The species of this genus are known from all others by the
elongate head, and by the singular structure of the maxillary lobe,
which has a long, extensile, pilose, thread-like process which can be
pushed out and used to gather food. In this respect it is somewhat
similar to the tongue or proboscis of a moth or butterfly. The
mature beetles are said to feed solely upon the honey and pollen of
various flowers. The larve are, however, strongly carnivorous,
those of our more common species being very beneficial in that they
feed upon the larve of the plum curculio and other injurious forms.
The last ventral segment of the male is elongate-oval, convex and
more horn-like in texture than the other segments; the next to last
is broadly and deeply emarginate; the males are also furnished with
a pair of slender, curved clasping organs hooked at the end and
fringed with hairs on the inner margin. Two species occur in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHAULIOGNATHUS,
a. Thorax wider than long; head black. 1572. PENNSYLVANICUS.
aa. Thorax longer than wide; head yellow with black spots.
Gs 1573. MARGINATUS.
1572 (4875). CHAULIOGNATHUS PENNSYLVANICUS DeG., Mem. Hist. des Ins.,
IV, 1768, 78.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head and under parts black;
thorax yellow with a broad black spot on basal half; elytra yel-
low with an oblong-oval blackish spot on apical third, this some-
times prolonged to cover two-thirds or more of the surface;
ventral segments margined behind with yellow. Thorax with
margin rather widely flattened and reflexed. Length 9-12 mm.
(Fig. 322.)
Throughout the State; common. June 30-Septem- Ae et
ber 30. Occurs most abundantly in autumn upon the
flowers of goldenrod and allied plants. Riley says that the larve
pass the winter in a nearly fuil grown stage; feed ravenously in
the spring and appear in the mature stage during August, Sep-
tember and October. I have taken them mating in Putnam County
on June 30, so that a few, at least, become mature by that date.
1573 (4876). CHAULIOGNATHUS MARGINATUS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 206.
Resembles pennsylvanicus in form, but usually smaller and more nar-
row. Head in great part yellow; thorax with a broad black median stripe
reaching from base to apex; blackish spot on elytra very variable in size,
828 PAMILY XDL.—LAMPYRID.E.
sometimes extending nearly their full length, rarely wholly lacking; base
of femora and greater part of abdomen yellow. Sides of thorax narrowly
margined. Length 8-11 mm.
Throughout the State. common in the southern counties; much
less so in the northern portion. June 3-July 28. Occurs by
thousands on the Howers of the linden; also abundant on those of
wild hydrangea. Jersev tea and other shrubs.
Tribe III]. LELEPHORINI.
Head but slightly prolonged before the eyes; maxill# moderate
in size. their palpi rather long and of variable form; front coxe
contiguous; prosternum distinct in frent of coxw; middle coxe con-
tiguous: mesosternum horn-like in texture. Eight of the nine
recognized genera are known to be represented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TELEPHORINI.
a. Elytra entirely covering the wings.
bo. Thorax truncate in front; head entirely exposed; gular sutures con-
fluent. XVIII. Popagrts.
bb. Thorax rounded in front; head partly covered; gular sutures sep-
arate.
c. Last joint of maxillary palpi dilated, hatchet-shaped.
d. Hind angles of thorax of male notched; head short and broad.
SEX. SOLIS;
dd. Hind angles of thorax rounded.
e. Head moderately long; sides of thorax not notched.
XX. TELEPHORUS.
ee. Head short and broad: sides of thorax in male nicked at the
middle. NXT. Pores.
ec, Last joint of maxillary palpi suboval, obliquely truncate; sides of
thorax in male distinctly notched at the middle and behind; an-
tenne strongly serrate. XXII, Driresnts.
aa, Elytra abbreviated ; wings exposed; gular sutures confluent.
f. Maxillary palpi with the last joint elongate, hatchet-shaped; side
pieces of metathorax wide in front. strongly triangular: claws with
broad tooth near base. XXII. LRYPHERUS.
ff. Maxillary palpi with the last joint oval, pointed: side pieces of meta-
thorax narrow ; claws simple.
g. Maudibles toothed: head wide. narrowed behind.
XXIV. Marrurnvs.
vu. Mandibles simple; head not harrowed behind.
XXV.) MALTHODES.
NVI. Popasrrs Fisch, 1839. (Gr., ‘foot + delieate,’’)
Head prolonged ind narrowed behind the eves. so as to form a
distinet neek which is not covered by the thorax: the latter nearly
ane ring, Un wadHTNING BUGS. 829
truncate or even somewhat emarginate in front; seventh ventral
segment of male truncate. the eighth exposed. The tarsal claws of
all our known Indiana species are armed with a long acute tooth,
causing them to appear broadly cleft. In ancther group, which
may yet be found to be represented in the State, the claws are
armed with a broad. nearly rectangular, basal tooth. Eight spe-
cies have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OL PODABRUS.
a. Eighth ventral segment of male triangular, flat, rounded at tip.
b. Blytra distinctly dilated on the sides, their elevated lines strongly
marked ; antenne stouter.
-¢, Size larger, 11-13 min.; thorax more than twice as wide as long.
1574. TRICOSTATUS.
ec. Smaller, 7-8 1nm.; thorax not much wider than lotig, distinctly
narrowed in front. TAT, RUGOSULUS.
bb. Elytra not or scarcely dilated on the sides, their elevated lines in-
distinct.
d. Hlytra rather coarsely rugose.
e. Thorax twice wider than long; color smoky brown or dull black.
1576. BASILARIS.
ee. Thorax but little wider than long; color, except sides of thorax.
shining black. 1577. PRATER.
dd. Elytra finely rugose; thorax but little wider than long.
f. Elytra black without pale margins; median impressed line of
thorax distinct. DIADEMA.
ff. Margins and suture of elytra narrowly pale; median line of tho-
rax feeble or wanting; second and third joints of antennz sub-
equal. 1578. MODESTUS.
aa. Eighth ventral of male oblong with sides parallel, obtusely rounded at
Lip.
g. Head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes, neck short; head and tho-
rax uniform reddish-yellow. 1579. ‘TOMEN'TOSUS.
gg. Head much prolonged behind the eyes, neck long.
h. Head sparsely punctured behind; thorax feebly punctured.
1580. PROTENSUS.
hh. Fead and thorax loth coarsely, the latter sparsely punctured.
1581. BRUNNICOLLTIS.
1574 (4879). Popaprus TRIcosTaTUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
158; ibid. II, 635.
Elongate, robust. Black; front of head and sides of tho-
rax reddish-yellow. Antennze about half the length of body,
joints two to four increasing in length. Tlead and middle
of thorax densely punctured, the sides of latter broadly flat-
tened and reflexed. Elytra very broadly dilated on middle
third, densely rugose, each with three strongly elevated lines.
Male elytra less dilated and antenne longer than in female. Fig. 323. x 1.
Length 11-13 mm. (Wig. 323.) altar Honatel }
Lawrenee and Perry counties; rare. May 31-June 17.
LAMPYRIDE.
830 FAMILY XI.
1575 (4880). Popaprus rucosuLus Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 229.
Elongate, the sides of elytra less broadly dilated than in tricostatus.
Black; front of head and sides of thorax yellow. Head coarsely, thorax
less coarsely punctured, the latter narrowed in front of middle, side mar-
gins broad, deeply impressed before and behind, dorsal line well marked.
Elytra densely rugose. Length 7-8 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 31-July 4. Occurs on
the leaves and flowers of various shrubs and herbs. One was noted
feeding on a winged plant louse. In one specimen at hand the tho-
rax is wholly black.
1576 (4882). Popaprus BASILARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1828, 181; ibid. II, 117.
Elongaté, parallel. Blackish or piceous; front of head and margins of
thorax reddish-yellow ; narrow side margins and suture of elytra pale; an-
tenne and legs piceous. Second joint of antenne shorter than third, the
two together scarcely longer than fourth. Thorax with sides rounded,
broadly flattened and reflexed ; dorsal line distinct; disk sparsely punctured.
Length 8-13 mm.
Lake, Koseinsko, Starke and J.awrence counties; rare. Mav
23-June 27. One of the largest species of the genus, which prob-
ably occurs sparingly throughout the State. The thorax is much
wider in proportion to its length than in modestus.
1577 (4881). Popaprus Frater Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851,
344.
Slightly larger than rugosulus, which it closely resembles. Head black,
the mandibles and a narrow line between the eyes yellowish, coarsely and
closely punctate behind the eyes. Thorax quadrate, apex truncate, front
angles rounded, the convex portion of disk almost smooth. Length 9-
10 mm.
Steuben, Marshall, Starke and Vigo counties; scarce. June 6—
June 17. Taken by sweeping herbage in low, moist grounds.
P. diadcma Fab., black, front of head and sides of thorax pale,
length 9-11 mm., is recorded from the Atlantic region and Lake
Superior.
1578 (4886). Popasrus MoDESTUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., III,
1828, 179; ibid. II, 116.
Resembles basilaris very closely. Black or dusky black; front of head,
broad margins of thorax and femora in great part yellow; antenne and
tibie dusky. Thorax nearly one-half wider than long, hind angles rec-
tangular, front ones rounded; margins reflexed, disk finely and sparsely
punctate. Length 9-13 mm.
THE FIREFLIES OR ‘LIGHTNING BUGS. 831
Throughout the State; frequent. June 3-June 27. One spe-
cies with thorax wholly pale is referred to var. flavicollis Lec. ; this
heing a variety of modestus and not of basilaris, as the form of the
thorax and relative length of antennal joints plainly show.
1579 (4889). PopaBrus ToMENTOSUS Say, Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, 1825,
165; ibid. II, 275.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head, thorax, two
basal joints of antennz, abdominal margin and fe-
mora reddish-yellow ; remainder of antenne, tibixe
and tarsi dusky; elytra black with fine grayish pu-
bescence. Thorax quadrate; disk finely and sparse-
ly punctate, with distinct median line. Length 9- ¢
12mm. (Fig. 324.)
Throughout the State; common. May 21-
October 15. Occurs most abundantly on the
Fig. 324. x 24.
greater ragweed, Ambrosia trifida ., along sPoignel)
the borders of streams; also noted at electric light.
1580 (4890). PopaBrUs PROTENSTS Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1866, 91.
Elongate, slender. Blackish; front of head, thorax, legs, basal fifth
and outer margin of elytra as far as middle, reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides feebly curved; disk very finely and sparsely punc-
tate; dorsal line deep. Second and third joints of antenne nearly equal
and together longer than fourth. Length 11-14 mm.
Clark, Jefferson and Perry counties; searce. May 21-June 17.
In some specimens, var. fay Lec., the elvtra are wholly dull yellow.
1581 (4891). Popaprts BRUNNICOLLIS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1901, 298.
Resembles the preceding but more slender. Front of head, sides of
thorax, margins of elytra, legs and base of antennz yellow. Back of head
and disk of thorax coarsely punctured. Thorax longer than wide, the sides
parallel, not rounded. Length 7-10 mm.
Orange County; scarce. May 28-Junue 2. Beaten from foliage
of oak, hickory and wild grape.
XIX. Sms Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘pug-nosed.’’)
Small oblong species having the thorax broader than long and,
in the male, notched near the hind angles and bearing two processes
on each side near the base.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILIS.
a. Base of thorax lobed, deeply foveate inside of hind angles; notch near
the base deep, the appendage behind notch long, compressed and
rounded at tip. 1582. PERCOMIS.
[58—23402]
$32 PAMILY XDL.—IAMPYRID.E.
aa. Base of thorax not lobed; process behind the notch not ante-basal but
proceeding from the base itself by an extension of the hind angles;
both processes narrow, parallel, compressed and obtuse at tip.
1583. SPATHULATA.
1582 (4920). Sr1zis Percomis Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1855, 159; ibid.
II, 636.
Oblong, depressed. Black, often with a bluish tinge; thorax reddish-
yellow. Thorax wider than long, obtusely rounded in front, the sides of
female with a slight notch near hind angles; those of male deeply notched
as noted above; surface of elytra finely granulate and pubescent. Length
5 mm.
Lake County; searce, Mav 2».
1583 (4924). Srris sparuHtLara Lec., Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., IX,
1881, 57.
Form and color of percomis. Thorax strongly margined but not lobed
at base, the basal margin blackish. Antenne of male nearly as long us
body, joints 4-10 about four times longer than wide, slightly broader at tip.
therefore subserrate:; those of female one-half length of body, not serrate.
Length 4.5-5 mm.
Lake, Marshall and Feuntain counties; scarce. May 12-May
28. LeConte’s types were from Illinois. Occurs especially on the
flowers of the wild cranesbill. Grranium maculatum L.
XX. TELEpHORUs Svhiff. 1766. (Gr., ‘‘afar+bearing,’’ i. e. of
wide distribution.”*’
The species belonging here are small or medium. soft-bodied
forms. which are very difficult to separate. From allied genera
they are distingwished only by the characters given in the generic
key. They oceur mostly on the folinve of low herbs and shrubs.
especially in moist lowlands. About 36 species are known from
the United States. 12 of which have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECICS OF TELEPHORUS.
a. Claws of tarsi either in part or wholly toothed or cleft.
b. Tarsal claws similar, all being toothed or cleft.
e, All the claws appendiculate or broadly toothed at base,
ad. Thorax one-half wider than loug: last joint of maxillary palpi
dilated, triangular. 1584. DENTIGER.
dd. Thorax uot wider than long; last joint of maxillary palpi elon-
sate. triangular. Leas, RXGOVATES,
ec, All the claws cleft ur acutely toothed.
¢, Size larger, 9-10 mm.
ce, Size suiall, not over 7 win.
1OS6. CAROLING s.
i Bbytra rather cours¢ly and densely rgese-puuctured 5 thoray
Yellow with a wide dorsal stripe black. 15ST. LINEOLA,
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGIITNING BUGS. 833
ff. Mlytra finely or spirsely rugose-punctured.
g. Legs piceous or dull yellow; length 4.5-6 mum.
1588. RECTUS.
gy. Legs bright yellow.
h. Black; thorax and base vf antenne orange yellow, the for-
mer often with a black dorsal line. 1589. FLAVIPES.
hh. Piceous; thorax and margins and suture of elytra yellow.
i. Thorax wider than long.
j. Form slender; thorax but little wider than long, its
sidex nearly parallel; elytra usually pale with dusky
stripes. 1590. SCITULUS.
jj. Form more robust; thorax one-half wider than long,
its sides rounded. 1591. LUTEICOLLIS.
ii. Thorax not wider than long, sides subsinuate; elytra
piceous with narrow pale stripes. 1592. PUSILLUS.
bb. Tarsal claws unlike; the outer claw of all the tarsi toothed at base,
entire at tip, the inner claw simple.
k. Eyes large and prominent; size larger, 12-14 mm.; thorax not wider
than long. ROTUNDICOLLIS.
kk. yes smaller, not prominent; size less, not over 7 mm.; thorax
wider than long.
tl. Thorax yellow with a broad black dorsal stripe.
1593. TUBERCULATUS.
il. Thorax reddish-yellow with two oblong-oval blackish spots.
1594. BILINEATUS.
aa. Claws of tarsi simple, slender, not toothed or cleft; thorax semiorbicu-
lav, with a dorsal black stripe. 1595. SIMPLIUNGUIS.
1584 (4926). TELEPHORUS DENTIGER Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1851, 341.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dusky black, clothed with fine grayish
pubescence; thorax yellow with a transverse angulated central dusky spot;
mouth and side margins of abdomen, and sometimés the margins of elytra,
dull yellow. Head and elytra densely and roughly punctured. Thorax
more sparsely and coarsely punctured, median impressed line distinct, front
angles broadly rounded. Length 8-9 mm.
Take, Wayne and Marion counties; searce. May 6—May 28.
1585 (4027). TELEPHORUS EXCAVATUS Lec., loc. cit. 342.
Elongate, slender. Black; thorax reddish-yellow with a narrow dorsal
hlack-stripe, this sometimes wanting; narrow side margins of elytra, tibize,
tarsi and basal third of antennze, sometimes dull yellow. Head finely and
densely punctured. Thorax as long as wide, nearly smooth, slightly nar-
rowed in front, sides straight. excavated about the middle; median line wide
and deep, channel-like; thorax of female wider and less excavated at sides
than in male. Jength 5-6 mm.
Througheut the State; frequent. May 11—June 25. |
1586 (49382). TELeEPHOoRUS cAROLIN’S Fabr., Syst. Hleut., I, 1801, 296.
Elongiute, robust, subdepressed. Black, finely pubescent; thorax red-
dish, with a large shining black spot at center; mouth parts, three basal
834 BPAMILY XL.—LAMPYRIDZ.
joints of antennce and narrow margin of abdomen dull yellow. Thorax
broader than long, sides and front angles broadly rounded. ‘Tarsi broad.
those of male broader than in female. Length 9-11 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 26-July 9. On flowers
and leaves of Crategus and other shrubs.
1587 (4933). TELEPHORUS LINEOLA Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1798, 219.
Blongate, slender. Black, with sparse grayish pubescence; thorax yel-
low, with a wide median black stripe; front of head and legs sometimes yel-
low. Thorax wider than long, its front and hind angles rounded; side mar-
gins rather strongly reflexed, median line obsolete or indistinct, but usually
a broad, shallow depression on middle of basal half. Length 4-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common, Alay 24-July 4. Occurs on
the flowers of blackberry and on the foliage of many shrubs. In
several specimens at hand the thorax is wholly piceous or dusky.
1588 (4936). TeLEPHORUS RECTUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1845, 305.
Blongate, parallel, slender. Black or piceous, sparsely clothed with
grayish pubescence; sides of thorax, mandibles, tibis and tarsi dull yellow;
epipleura and sutural line of elytra whitish. Second joint of antenne one-
fourth the length of third, the latter nearly as long as fourth. Thorax sub-
quadrate, front angles obtusely rounded, side margins narrow, scarcely re-
‘flexed, nearly straight. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 24—June 16.
1589 (4939). TermpHoRUS FLAVIPES Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1851, 341.
Blongate, slender. Black; front of head, base of antenne, legs and tho
rax orange yellow ; the thorax with or without (var. dichrous Lec.) a black
median stripe. Antenne but little shorter than body, second joint one-third
as long as third (male) ; or two-thirds as long as body, second joint nearly
half as long as third (female). Thorax slightly wider than long, disk
broadly concave each side in front of middle, front and side margins strong-
ly reflexed. Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; searee. May 16—-June 12.
1590 (4940). TrLerHorus scrruLus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 168; ibid. II, 278.
Elongate, slender. Viceous or dusky, disk of thorax with or without a
piceous cloud. Elytra with wide marginal and sutural stripes pale yellow.
that along the suture widest at base, often occupying half or more the width
of elytra. Second joint of antenne more than half the length of third, the
latter equal to fourth. Thorax wider than long, broadly concave on each
side, the margins strongly reflexed. Length 4-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June 2-July 5.
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 835
1591 (4942). TELEPHORUS LUTEICOLLIS Germ., Ins. Nov., 1824, 70.
Oblong, rather robust. Piceous; front of head, thorax, legs, narrow
marginal and sutural lines of elytra and basal half of antenne, yellow.
Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded, margins narrowly reflexed.
Length 5 mm.
Lake County; scarce. May 24.
1592 (4941). TELEPHORUS PUSILLUS Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1851, 348.
Elongate, slender. Black or piceous; front of head, sides of thorax and
legs yellow; elytra with narrow sutural and marginal lines pale yellow.
Thorax not wider than long, sides nearly straight, not strongly reflexed.
Elytra sparsely clothed with semi-erect grayish hairs, the marginal and
sutural pale stripes much narrower than in scitulus. Length 4-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 12-July 5. Very close
to scitulus and probably merges into that species.
T. rotundicollis Say, yellow, elytra and ventral segments often
piceous, is recorded from Illinois and Lake Superior.
1593 (4953). TELEPHORUS TUBERCULATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1851, 341.
Hlongate, rather slender. Black, shining; mouth and thorax yellow,
the latter with a broad, black dorsal stripe which, in some specimens, is
wider along the basal and apical margins. Antennz of male two-thirds as
long as body, subserrate; those of female half as long as body. Thorax
quadrate in male, wider in female, disk with a deep median impressed line
and a transverse impression each side. Elytra coarsely rugose-punctate.
Length 5-7 mm.
Lake, St. Joseph, Kosciusko and Wayne counties; common on
the foliage of alder (Alnus incana Willd.) and other shrubs along
the borders of marshes. May 12-June 1. Resembles lineola and
rectus, but readily separated by the form of the tarsal claws.
1594 (4955). TELEPHORUS BILINEATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TII, 1823, 182; ibid. II, 11S.
Oblong, robust. Dull reddish-yellow ; back
of head, elytra, two oblong spots on thorax,
antenne, except the basal joint, and tibiz
and tarsi, black. Thorax suborbicular, widely
margined, sparsely punctured. Length 6-8 mm.
(Fig. 325.) }
Throughout the State ; COMMON. Fig 395, a, larva; b, head of same; ¢’
April 22-June 11. Mating May 3. Oc- peace Meet
curs abundantly on flowers of the red haw, Cratwegus, and the foli-
age of many shrubs.
836 FAMILY XI..—LAMPYRIDA.
1595 (——). 'TELEPHORUS SIMPLIUNGUIS sp. Nov.
Elongate-oblong, rather rebust. Piceous black; thorax yellow, with a
rather broad median stripe black, this wider near apex and base; front of
head yellow, antennez piceous. Thorax suborbicular, one-half wider than
long, more convex on basal half; sides broadly rounded into base and apex;
margins narrow, not reflexed; median impressed line deep, entire; disk with
a feeble impression each side near middle. Elytra finely rugose, sparsely
and finely pubescent. Second joint of antenne nearly half the length of
third, the latter equai to fourth. Length 6 mm.
Described from a single specimen taken near Pine, Lake County.
May 26. Beaten from the foliage of sand cherry, Prunus pumila
L. Belongs in the group with marginellus Lec., in which the tarsal
claws are simple and elytra finely scabrous. The shape of thorax,
which is that of bilineatus, and the lack of pale margins of elytra
distinguish it from marginellus.
XXI. Ponrmivs Lee. 1851. (Gr., ‘‘war-like.’’)
This genus is intermediate between Silis and Telephorus and is
separated mainly by the characters given “in the table. The an-
tenne are compressed, more or less serrate, with second joint less
than one-third the length of third, which is equal to fourth. Tarsal
claws simple, the outer one of hind pair with a blunt tooth at base.
1596 (4966). Poremrus LaTicornis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 168; ibid. II, 278.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Black or piceous black, finely hirsute;
side margins of thorax and humeri (sometimes basal third) of elytra dull
orange yellow. Antenne long and strongly serrate (male); shorter and
less serrate (female). Thorax as broad as long, front angles obtusely
rounded, side margins slightly notched a little before the middle and nar-
rower in front of notch; disk impressed each side near the margin. FElytra
densely and finely scabrous, obscurely three-costate. Length 6.5-S mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 17. Oceurs on the greater ragweed,
Ambrosia ivifida L., in low. moist grounds. Also in Webster col-
jection from Indiana and Tinois.
1597 (4967). PoLemIus uNpuULATUS Lec., Proce. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sk, V,
1851, 341.
Oblong, rather robust. Piceous; thorax rosaceous and yellow, with a
dark dorsal stripe; base of femora, margins of abdomen and elytra, and
sutural line of latter dull yellow. ‘Thorax as wide as elytra, front angles
obtusely rounded, hind ones rectangular ; side margins wide, notched at mid-
dle, bisinuate. Blytra finely and densely scabrous. Length 6-7 mm.
Steuben and Marshall counties: rare, August 11-August 15.
Say described a beetle from Posey County, Indiana, under the name
Cantharis invalida (LeConte Ed. Say’s works. IT, 636), which is
THE FIREFLIES CR LIGHTNING BUGS. 837
at present unrecognized by entomologists. but which is probably
this species. He gives the length as less than one-fourth of an inch
and there are some minor details of color which do not agree with
the specimens at hand.
NAII. Diremxvs Lee. 1861. (Gr., ‘twice + to cut or split.”’
Antenne stout. compressed and serrate; sides of thorax lobed
in such a manner as to present two notches. one near the tip formed
by the thickened apical margin, the other between two narrow lobes
or processes which extend outward near the base. In our species
the base of thorax is strongly margined and its disk excavated.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DITEMNUS.
a. Hind lobe at side of thorax very little wider than the one before it;
smaller, not over 3.5 mm. 1598. BIDENTATUS.
aa. Hind lobe at side of thorax more than twice the width of the one be
fore it; larger, 4.5-5.5 mm. 1599. LATILOBUS.
1598 (4969). DITEMNUS BIDENTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V.
1825. 169; ibid. II, 278.
Oblong, sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence. Black; thorax dull
yellow. Second joint of antenne not dilated, about one-third as long as
third, which is equal to fourth. Thorax slightly wider than long, the ap-
ical lobe of sides well defined, middle and hind lobes narrow, parallel.
Length 3.5 mm.
Lake, Laporte. Spencer and Dubois counties: scarce. May 12-
July 25. Oceurs on low herbs alone roadsides.
1599 (——). DITEMNUS LATILOBUS sp. nov.
FElongate-oblong. Black or pic-
eous. feebly shining; thorax reddish-
yellow. Second joint of antenne
rounded, not pubescent, less than
one-fourth the length of third, the
latter equal to fourth. Thorax one-
third wider than long. the base more
strongly margined than in bidenta-
tus; basal side lobes prominent. the
front one narrow, its apical half a
little wider and bent slightly down-
ward and backward, the tip oblique ‘Fig. 326. 1.1 - shows natural length. (Original.)
ly truncate; the hind one more than
twice as broad and a little sharter, concave, its apex rounded and bent for-
ward or slightly toothed so as to touch the front lobe, leaving only a small
rounded notch between the two, its hind margin overlapped at base by the
hind angles of thorax; median impression of disk distinctly larger than in
bidentatus. its limits marked bs four slight tubercles, its margins indistinct.
Elytra finely scabrous, sparsely and very finely pubescent. Length 4.5-
55mm. (Fig. 326.)
838 FAMILY XI..—LAMPYRIDA.
Lake, Marion, Putnam, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce.
April 20-July 30. Occurs on the fowers and foliage of black haw
and other shrubs; algo on tall blue grass in open woods. Described
from eleven specimens, all having the characters above given, and
therefore all males, if that sex only has the thorax lobed.
XXII. Trypuerus Lee. 1851. (Gr., ‘‘weak.’’)
Here belongs a single elongate species, having the elytra ab-
breviated as in the Staphylinide, the inner wings much longer and
covering the surface of the abdomen in repose. Eyes large and
prominent in the male, which has also the middle femora decidedly
thicker than in female.
1600 (4972). TRYPHERUS LATIPENNIS Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov., 1824, 72.
Elongate, slender. Dull yellow beneath; piceous above, the margins of
thorax and tips of elytra dull yellow. Antennee dusky, slender, one-half as
long as body; third joint equal to second, a little shorter than fourth. Tho-
rax slightly wider than long, transversely oval, broadly rounded in front,
truncate behind. Blytra nearly twice as long as thorax, rugosely punc-
tured, tips rounded. Female with last dorsal segment trilobed at tip.
Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-June 28. Occurs
especially on catnip and flowers of red haw; also on foliage of vari-
ous plants.
XXIV. Maururmus Lat. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘soft wax.’’)
Head large, narrowed behind the vyves into a neck; antenne
slender, with second joint equal to thase which follow; elytra three-
fourths as long as abdomen, marked with rows of punctures. One
of the-two known North American species occurs in Indiana.
1601 (4975). Matruinus occrrrranis Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
1851, 345.
Elongate, slender. Dull yellow; head, middle of thorax and an irregu-
lar space behind the middle of elytra piceous; tips of elytra lemon-yellow ;
apical half of antennse dusky. Thorax as wide as long, sides rounded; disk
sparsely and finely punctured and with a deep median impression on basal
half. Length 3 mm.
Tippecanoe, Orange and Floyd counties: scarce, May 28—June
29. Hitherto recorded only from the Southern States. Occurs on
grasses in low, moist. places.
XXV. Maurnones Kies. 1852. (Gr., ‘soft + form.’’)
is) ae :
Species of small size and weak structure, having short elytra
whieh leave the inner wines partly exposed and folded alone the
THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. $39
dorsal surface of the abdomen; head not narrowed into a neck and
mandibles not toothed. But two species have been taken in Indi-
ana, though others doubtless occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MALTHODES.
a. Thorax piceous; next to last ventral segment of male intlated,. deeply
and broadly excavated, its side lobes large, broad, triangular.
1602. coNncavUs
aa. Thorax yellow or reddish-piceous; last ventral of male with long com-
plex processes.
b. Last ventral of male narrow, prolonged, cleft or nicked at tip; thorax
yellow. 1603. EXILIS.
bb. Last ventral wider, parallel, channeled its full length, curved up-
ward and forked at tip; thorax rufo-piceous. CURVATUS.
1602 (4979). MaLtHopEes concavus Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V,
1851, 346.
Elongate, slender. Piceous; head blackish; base of antennze and part
ot abdomen dull yellow. Head wider than thorax; eyes very large, convex,
prominent. Antenne rather stout, reaching beyond tips of elytra, second
and third joints equal. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides narrowly
margined, impressed near front angles, which are rounded. Elytra two-
thirds as long as wings. Last ventral elongate, slightly nicked at tip.
Length 2-3 mm.
Dubois County; rare. May 12.
16038 (4981). MaztruHobeEs Exitis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1845,
305.
Elongate, slender. Dull brown; thorax and front legs yellow; head
black; antennse dusky, with two basal joints paler. Thorax one-third wider
than long, finely margined, front and hind angles obtusely rounded, apex
subtruncate, base feebly rounded. Elytra two-thirds the length of abdomen,
separated at apex, surface finely rugulose; a small rounded smooth spot at
tip of each. Antenne of male two-thirds, of female half the length of body,
the fourth and following joints longer than second or third. Length 2.5-
3 mm.
Kosciusko, Knox, Dubois and Perry counties; scarce. May 12-
June 8. Beaten from bushes along the margins of marshes.
A. curvatus Lee., piceous, head black, legs dull yellow, length
3 mm., was described from Illinois.
Family XLI. MALACHIIDA.
THE SOFT-WINGED F'LOWER BEETLES.
A family of small extent, comprising small, soft-winged species
which bear a general resemblance to the Lampyride, but are shorter,
and have the elytra more or less truncate and broadest near the
840 FAMILY XLI.—MALACHIIDA:.
tips. From the Lampyridx they are distinguished chiefly by hav-
ing the antenne inserted upon the front at the sides, generally be-
fore the eyes; by the presence of a separate piece between the labrum
and the front and by the fourth joint of the tarsi not being bilobed.
The great majority of our Indiana species also have the power of
protruding from the sides of the abdomen a number of soft, orange-
colored vesicles which are supposed to be scent organs used in
defense.
In addition to the characters mentioned, the Malachiide have
the inentum small, quadrate and horn-like; antennew 11—jointed,
usually serrate and often curiously knotted in the male; head ex-
serted and prolonged into a short, broad beak; elytra usually en-
tire, sometimes slightly abbreviated; abdomen with six free ventral
segments; prosternuin short, not extending between the front coxe,
which are large, conical, contignous, with distinct trochantins, the
coxal cavities large, transverse, open behind; tarsi 5—jointed, fili-
form; claws usually with a large membranous appendage between
them,
The larve of the Malachiide are, so far as known, carnivorous.
The mature insects occur on flowers or herbage, some only in low,
moist places, and are said to feed on insect eggs, larvee and small,
soft-bodied insects, so that on the whole they may be classed as
beneficial.
The principal literature treating of the genera oecurring in
Indiana is as follows:
LeConte.—‘‘ Catalogue of the Melyrides of the United States.
with Descriptions of New Species,’’ in Proce. Phil. Acad.
Sei, VI, 1852, 163-171.
Horn-—'‘Synopsis of the Genus Collops.’’? iz Trans. Amer.
Entom. Soe., ITI, 1870, 79-84.
Horn.—‘Synopsis of the Malachiide of the United States.”? in
Trans. Amer. Entom. Soe., LV. 1872. 109.-127.
Casey.— ‘Synopsis of the Melyridx of Nerth America,’’ in Ann.
N.Y. Acad. Sei., VITI, 1895, 456-606.
About 140 species, distributed anong 20 genera. are listed by
Nenshaw from the United States, most of them inhabiting the
region west of the Rocky Mountains.
KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF MALACHIIDA
«. Sides of body with extensible vesicles, the front pair proceeding from a
fissure beneath the front angles of the thorax: last joint of tarsi with
two membranaus appendages beneath the claws.
bd. Antennse apparently 10-jointed, I. CoLnops
THE SOFT-WINGED FLOWER BEETLES. 841
bb. Antenne distinctly 11-jointed.
e. Front tarsi simple, joint two not prolonged.
d. Elytra similar in both sexes. II. ANTHOCOMUS.
dd. Elytra of male prolonged at tip and bearing a hook-like append-
age. III. PsEvUDEBzXUS.
cc. Front tarsi of male with second joint prolonged over the third
(Fig. 328); elytra similar in both sexes. Ty. ATPArrs,
aa. Sides of body without vesicles; angles of thorax not fissured beneath ;
first joint of tarsi shorter than second; claws without appendages;
edge of thorax and elytra serrate. V. ALYMERIS.
I. Couuops Ericks. 1840. (L., ‘‘embrace+eye or face.’’)
To this genus belong our largest members of the family, yet none
of them exceed 7 mm. in length. The antenne are apparently 10-
jointed (the true second joint being very small and concealed) ;
second joint (really the third) of male much enlarged and bearing
near the base a curious slender articulated appendage furnished at
the tip with a brush of stiff, curved hairs. This extends forward
and is usually concealed in a deep cavity on the upper surface of
the joint. It is supposed to be used in clasping the antenne of the
female during mating.
1604 (4994). CoLrops TrRicoLor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1823,
182; ibid. I, 107, pl. 48.
Oblong-oval, broadest behind the middle. Head, legs and under surface,
except abdomen, black; palpi, thorax, abdomen and basal third of antenne,
reddish-yellow ; elytra blue or bluish-black. Thorax much wider than long,
nearly oval, sides broadly rounded; surface, as well as that of elytra,
sparsely clothed with black, erect hairs. BHlytra densely punctured. Length
4-5 mm.
Lake and Marshall counties; rare. June 28-August 27. The
figures of pl. 48, LeConte’s edition of Say. are wrongly named, Fig.
3 being this species.
1605 (5004). CoLLops QUADRIMACULATUS Fabr., Ent. Syst.
Suppl., 1798, 70.
Oblong-oval, widest behind. Head, abdomen and femora
black ; thorax and elytra reddish-yellow, the latter each with
a large basal and anteapical spot blue or bluish-black ; tibize,
tarsi and apical portion of antenne dusky or piceous. Other-
wise as in tricolor. Length 46 mm. (Fig. 327.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 30-Septem- nage
ber 8. Taken by sweeping and beating grasses and (After Glover.)
foliage in damp localities.
842 FAMILY XLI.—MALACHIID.®.
II. AnrHocomus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘flower+to revel.’’)
Our two members of this genus may be known by having the
11-jointed antennzx inserted at the sides of the front nearly or quite
at the front margin; tarsi simple and similar in both sexes.
1606 (5038). ANTHOCOMUS ERICHSONI Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 165.
Oblong-subdepressed, but little wider behind the middle; sparsely clothed
with grayish hairs. Head, under surface and femora black; thorax red-
dish-yellow, the disk with a broad median black stripe; elytra black with a
bluish tinge; tibiae, tarsi and front coxie piceous. Front of head with a
wide, shallow impression. Thorax broader than long, sides and angles
strongly rounded, surface sparsely punctulate. Elytra parallel, finely punc-
tured and rugulose. Length 3.54 mm.
Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 18-May 26.
1607 (5039). ANTHOCOMUS FLAVILABRUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1825, 169; ibid. II, 279.
Resembles the preceding in form and size. Black; thorax narrowly
margined with reddish-yellow, sometimes wholly black; front part of head,
prosternum, front and middle legs and basal third of antenne bright yel-
low; front coxe and femora often with a dilated black line; elytra tinged
with purplish. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Southern half of the State, frequent; Marshall County, rare.
May 18-June 26. Occurs on flowers of dogwood, red bud, wild
rose, ete.
Tl. Pseupesnxus Horn. 1872. (Gr., ‘‘false + ebeeus.’’)
Very small species having the elytra in the male obliquely pro-
longed, tipped with yellow, and with a hook-like process above.
Three species have been taken in Indiana. while one other may
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSEUDEBAUS.
a. Last ventral segment of male yellow, deeply grooved lengthwise and
deeply notched at tip.
b. Thorax yellow. 1608. APICALIS.
bb. Thorax black. 1609. oBLITUS.
aa, Last ventral of male black, not grooved, slightly emarginate at tip.
ec. Thorax yellow. 1610. BICOLOR.
ec. Thorax black. PUSILLUS.
1608 (5041). PsEUDEB2US APICALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., V
1825, 170; ibid. II, 279.
Oblong, rather broadly expanded behind the middle. Black, slightly
tinged with bluish; thorax and legs pale dull yellow ; antenn with termi-
nal joints piceous or dusky. Thorax broader than long, sides and angles
rounded. Elytra slightly broader at base than thorax, gradually widened
THE SOFT-WINGED FLOWER BEETLES. 843
behind, sinuate near the tip and prolonged in the male; broadly dilated and
obtusely rounded in the female. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.
Marion and Posey counties: szarce. May 24-June 5.
1609 (5045). PSsEUDEBEUS OBLITUS Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1852,
167.
Form of apicalis. Coler above wholly black; antennz at base and legs
pale dull yellow. Male characters as in apicalis. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 17. Swept from herbage in tam-
arack swamp. Ranges from Canada to Georgia.
1610 (5042). PsrvupEBazus sicotor Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1852, 167.
Similar to apicalis but with the thorax shorter and more rounded on
the sides. Head reddish-yellow but darker than thorax. Male with ely-
tra yellow at tip. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Throughout the State; searce. May 14-June 24. Occurs on
soft maple and allied trees.
P. pusillus Say. bluish-black, length 1.5 mm., occurs in the
Southern States.
IV. Artauus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., after King <Attalus.)
Species of small size, having the sec-
cnd joint of front tarsus of male pro- PBL
longed over the third and grooved be-
neath. (Fig. 328.) Nine species and ts a 4
two varieties have been taken in Indiana.
. Fig, 328. Front male tarsus of Attal
The species are based mostly on color seen from above and from the side (After
and merge into one another, so that a soins
number of them will, in time, probably have to be suppressed or
listed as varieties.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATTALUS.
a. Head, thorax and elytra black or nearly so.
6. Apical margin of elytra in male bordered narrowly with yellow:
female wholly black. 1611. TERMINALIS.
bb. Apical margin of elytra not pale.
c. Legs all pale; broadly oval; length 1-15 mm. 1612. cGRANULARIS.
ec. Middle and hind legs black; larger. 2.5-3.5 mm.
d. Head wholly black; elytra black, shining. 1613. MORULUS.
dd. Clypeus and front legs pale; elytra sooty. opaque.
1614. PALLIFRONS.
aa. Body above bicolered, the head. thorax or elytra in part or wholly yel-
lowish or reddish-yellow.
e. Head and thorax both wholly reddish-yellow.
Sd PAMILY XLS.
MALACIMNDA,
7. Elytra entirely black, shining ; legs wholly yellow.
1615. MELANOPTERUS.
ff. Elytra not wholly black.
g. Tips of elytra narrowly reddish-yellow ; tibice and tarsi yellow,
femora marked with black. 1615a. var. MARGINIPENNIS.
yy. Elytra veddish-yellow with onesor two black spots.
h. Elytra each with one small black spot on humerus.
HUMERALIS.
hh. Elytra each with two black spots, one basal, one anteapical.
1616. PETTITI.
ce. Head and thorax not of one color.
i. Thorax reddish-vellow ; elytra sooty; front and middle tibiie pale.
1617. oTIOSUS.
ii. Thorax with discal black spot, the margins broadly pale.
j. Blytra with suture and side margins narrowly pale; abdomen
black. 1618S. CIRCUMSCRIPTUS.
ij. Elytva either nearly wholly pale or black without pale side mar-
gins.
k. Suture and margin of elytra often black, the remainder dull
reddish-yellow. 1619. SCINCETUS.
kk. Fantire elytra except tips black or piceous.
1619a. var. CONFUSUS.
1611 (5052). Agvrarts TerMINALIS Erichs., Entom., I, 1840, 108.
Oblong, depressed. dilated behind the middle. Black, shining, sparsely
pubescent; tips of the male elytra and a narrow margin along their sides
to beyond the middle pale yellow; front and middle tibiz dusky or dull
yellow. Length 2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 2-July 20,
1612 (5054). ATTALUS GRANULARIS Hrichs., Entom., I, 1840, 112.
Broadly oval, much dilated behind the middle. DPiceous black; legs all
dull yellow. Elytra of female nearly as broad as long. Length 1.5 mui.
Steuben and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 17—June 20.
Taken by sifting debris in Jow. moist woods.
1613 (5055). ATvaLrts Mortrtus Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, ts52.
167.
Oblong, feebly dilated behind. Wholly black, shining, very sparsely
pubescent; legs piceous or dusky. Length 2.5 mm.
Martin County; searce. July 13. The females of this species
are almost inseparable from those of femminalis,
1644 (5056). ATTALUS PALLIERONS Motsel., Bull. Mose. TV. 1859, 408,
Elongate-oblong, ueariy parallel. Ticeous black; clypeus, front legs
and sometimes the narrow front margin and hind angles of thorax. dull
yellow; elytra subopaque with a sooty appearance, sparsely and finely pu-
bescent; middle and hind femera dusky, their tibiae pater.
3.5 mm.
Knox and Posey counties: scarce. May 11-July 10,
Leneth 8
«ost — + are ei LS. 845
1G16 (S057). Arrates weranorrencs Evichs., Entom., I, 1840, 110.
Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. Head, thorax, abdomen and
legs, pale or reddish-yellow ; elytra and body beneath black; hind femora
piceous at tip. Surface shining and searecly pubescent. Length 2.5 mm.
Crawford and Jennings counties; searee. June 26—-July 10.
Also a species of southern range.
1615a (——). AYTPALUS MELANOPTEKUS MARGINIPENNIS Var. nov,
Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. Head, thorax, prosternum and
abdomen reddish-yellow ; elytra black or bluish-black, their tips narrowly
bordered with orange or redcdish-yellow : front and middle legs yellow, the
femora with blackish lines: hind femora and tibiw blackish, the tarsi yel-
low; antenne blackish, their basal joints reddish-yellow. Surface shining,
finely pubescent. Length 2.8-3 mm.
Crawford County: scarce. June 26—July 5.
al. humeralixy Torn, length 3 mm., was described from T]inois.
GIG (5060). ATPALUS PETTITI Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soe., IV. 1872.
124.
Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. ead, thorax, prosternum and
abdomen reddish-yellow ; elytra dull orange yellow, reddish at tips. cach
with a humeral and larger anteapical spot black; legs pale reddish-yellow.
hind femora, except at tips. piceous. Length 2—2.5 mim.
Kosciusko and Putnam counties; rare. July July 24. Known
heretofore only from Canada.
i617 (5063). ArraLts orrosts Say. Amer. Ent.. IT. 1828, 109, pl 48. ibid.
I, 109.
Obleng-oval. Head Dlack, pale yellow in front; thorax dull yellow,
rarely with a median black stripe: elytra socty-black with a bluish tinge:
hind legs more or Jess piceous. Length 2.9-3 mim.
One specimen in Webster eollection labelled **Ind.’? Said to
he widely distributed over the Atlantie region.
1618 (5064). ATTALUS crRcUMScRIPTUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IIL. 1828. 185: ibid. IT, 119.
Oblong, rebust fer the genus, rather feebly dilated
behind. Jlead black. labrum dull yellow; thorax with a
black median stvipe, the side margins broadly pale; ely-
tra black with Interal and apical margins and suture dull
yellow: beneath black, the ventral segments edged bebind
with yellow: legs dusky varied with dull yellow. Length
38mm. (Fig. 820.)
Crawford County: not rare about Wyandotte
Cave. May 12-May 27. A well marked member
cf the Austreriparian fauna. liorn says ‘‘it ap-
pears to be abnost entirely confined to the extreme Southern
Fig. 329. & 74.
(Original.)
States.?° Taken also by Dury near Cincinnati.
S46 FAMILY Xu.
CLERID AS.
1619 (5068). AVTALUS SCINCETLS Say, Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
170; ibid. II, 279.
Oblong, feebly dilated behind. Above, usually dull yellow; occiput, a
broad median stripe on thorax, scutellum and sutural stripe on basal half
of elytra, blackish; under surface, antennee and legs yeliowish; metasternum
black. Length 3 mm.
Throughout the State; common in the southern portion; less so
in the northern counties. April 21—June 13. Oceurs on flowers of
dogwood, red and black haw. wild hydrangea, wild rose, ete., in
company with several other members of the genus. The sides of
elytra are rarely dusky or brownish.
1619a ( ). ATTALUS SCINCETUS CONFUSUS var. nov.
A color variety of scincetus in which the elytra, except the tips, are
wholly piceous black and the median black stripe of thorax usually a little
broader. Length 3 mm.
Knox and Posey counties; scarce. May 11-June 9.
V. AuyMeris Casey. 1895.
Small or moderate-sized species, having the upper surface very
coarsely, closely and deeply punctate; last joint of maxillary palpi
cone-shaped and gradually pointed; epipleure rather wide and al-
most equal in width from base to sutural angles of elytra, flat and
finely punctate, their lower edges strongly serrulate; last joint of
hind tarsi as long as the three preceding together. One species oc-
curs in Indiana.
1620 (5123). ALyMeERIS crIpata Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852.
171.
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Uniform piceous black, shining;
clothed with short, sparse, scarcely evident pubescence. Thorax one-halt
wider than long, sides strongly curved, margins serrate, surface coarsely
and densely punctate. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly
wider than thorax, coarsely and closely punctured. Length 2.2-2.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 2. Three specimens beaten from
flowers of the false indigo, Amorpha frulicosa L.A species of
southern range belonging to the Austroriparian fauna,
Family XLIT. CLERIDA.*
THE CHECKERED Brpries.
The Cleride comprise a rather large family, over one hundred
and sixty species being known from the United States. The adults
*The manuscript and illustrations for this family were prepared by Mr. A. B, Wolcott, of the Field Museum
of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, who is the leading authority on North American Clerid,
additional characters to Mr. Wolcott's keys to render them more easily followed by oe Ree of ne
THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 847
are handsome in color and varied in form, being for the most part
elongate, graceful and pubescent. The thorax is generally elon-
gate and often much narrower than the elytra and head; this, to-
gether with the rather long legs, short antenne and more or less
evlindrical form, gives to many of the species a very ant-like ap-
pearance. Others, especially some of the members of the tribe
Enopliint, strongly resemble some of the Lampyride or fireflies.
From allied families the Cleride may be known by having the
antenne 11-, rarely 10-jointed, inserted at the sides of the front,
generally serrate, the outer joints larger, forming an open, or, less
often, a compact club; elytra usually entire or nearly so; tarsi of
all the legs 5-jointed, the first and fourth joints often very small
and inconspicuous, and all but the fifth furnished with membranous
appendages ; front cox prominent, usually contiguous, rather large,
the cavities usually open behind; hind coxe flat; ventral segments
free (mobile), the first ventral not elongate; prosternum not pro-
longed behind.
The Cleride occur chiefly on flowers, recently cut timber, trunks
and foliage of trees and low shrubs. The species are predaceous in
both the larval and adult stages, wood-boring species (Scolytide,
ete.), such as burrow in the sap-wood, being especially to their lik-
ing. The slender form and short legs of the larve enable them to
enter the bores of their prey to feed on the early stages, and the
adults are sufficiently active to capture and devour the perfect
stage of various xylophagous Coleoptera. Some of the species are
found in the nests and ill-kept hives of bees. The genus Necrobia,
which has been generally supposed to be a carrion feeder, is prob-
ably also carnivorous, as the investigations of Perris make it likely
that they infest such refuse to capture and eat the Dipterous larve
which are so numerous in such situations.
The principal synoptic paper dealing exclusively with the North
American species is out of print and very difficult to procure. It
and others treating of the family, are:
LeConte-—‘‘Synopsis of the Coleopterous Insects of the Group
Cleride which inhabit the United States,’’ in Ann. N. Y.
Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 9-35.
Wickham.—‘‘The Coleoptera of Canada—The Cleride of On-
tario and Quebee,’’ zn Can. Ent., XX VII, 1895, 247-253.
Horn. — ‘Synopsis of the species of Cymatodera and Trichodes
of the United States.’’ 7» Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876,
220-232.
[5423402]
848 FPAMILY XLLU.—CLERID.E.
Wolcott.‘‘The North American Species of Charicssa,’’ in Ent.
News, NIX, 1908, 70-72. a
About 161 species of Cleride, belonging to 27 genera, are known
from America north of Mexico. Of these 28 species and one va-
riety, representing 14 genera, have heen taken in Indiana. . LeConte
and Horn divide the family into two tribes, both of which are rep-
resented by species taken in the State.
“KEY TO TRIBES OF THE “FAMILY CLERID. :
a. Tarsi with fourth joint of normal size; disk of thorax continuous with
the flanks. Tribe I. CLEeRINI, p. S48.
aa. Tarsi with the fourth joint very small and indistinct; disk of thorax
separated from the flanks by a marginal line.
Tribe II. ENopritnxi, p. S57.
Tribe I. CLERINI.
This tribe, which contains more than two-thirds of the Indiana
species, is sufficiently characterized by having the fourth joint of
the tarsi about equal in size to the third and the flanks of thorax
continuous with disk; middle coxw seareely prominent, moderately
distant, except in Hidnocera, where they are but slightly sepa-
rated; hody always elongate. Of the 14 genera belonging to this
tribe eight are known from Indiana, while two others may oveur.
KEY TG INDIANA GENERA OF CLERINT.
a. Five joints of tarsi visible from above.
b. Terminal joint of antenna as Jong or longer than the preceding joints
combined; elytral punctures confused; thorax with a discal black
spot. I. MonoPHYLLA.
bb. Terminal joint never exceeding the four preceding joints combined in
length; elytra] punctures in rows.
c. yes finely granulated; tarsal claws bifid at apex. TILLUS.
ce. yes coarsely granulated, tarsal claws simply toothed.
II. CyMATODERA.
aa. Four joints only of tarsi visible from above, the first joint very small.
covered by the second; tarsal claws toothed.
d. Eyes emarginate in front.
ec. Antenne without distinct club, serrate.
f. Eyes cuarsely granulated; head and thorax dark reddish or
chestnut-brown. III. Prrocera.
ff. yes finely granulated. CLERONOMUS.
ee, Antenne with distinct club of three joints; eyes finely granulated.
g. Gast joint of maxillary palpi slightly broader than the preceding
joint; antennal club triangular; head and thorax dark blue.
IV. TricHopes.
ga. Tast joint of maxillary palpi slender.
THE CHECKERED BEETLES. S49
h. Hind tarsi rather broadly dilated; thorax with at most a nar-
row shallow groove near apex, and without a median line.
VY. ENOocLERL s.
hh. Wind tarsi slender and longer; thorax with a very deep sub-
apical groove and with a median impressed line.
VI. THANASIMUS.
dd. Eyes entire.
i, Antennal club grudually formed, 3-jointed; elytra bright red.
VII. ZENoposus.
ii. Antennal club small, subglobose, 2-jointed; elytra black or black
and dull yellow. ; VIII. Hypnocera.
IT. Monopuyunis Spin. is41. (Gr.. ‘‘single + leaf.’’)
Eyes deeply emarginate in front. nearly divided; maxillary
palpi eylindrical; last joint of labial palpi strongly dilated, hatchet-
shaped ; tarsi elongate, distinetly five-jointed ; claws bidentate. An-
tenne with terminal joint large, compressed. about equally as long
(female) or very much longer (male) than all the preceding joints
combined. Three species are known from North America, one of
which occurs in Indiana.
1621 (5127). MOoONOPHYLLA TERMINATA Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
160; ibid. If, 637.
Elsngate, subeylindrical. Black, moderately shining;
thorax yellow with a large or small discal black spot; ely-
tral flanks from humeri to middle and a transverse spur at
middle (the latter sometimes wanting) yellow; abdomen en-
tirely yellow, male, the apical (sixth) ventral scgment black,
female. Pubescence of elytra and abdomen vrayish, mod-
erately sparse, of thorax yellowish; that of discoidal spot
and of occiput of head black, moderately long, dense and
erect. Thorax cylindrical, longer than wide; its disk and €
that of elytra rather coarsely, densely punctate. Length 4- Fie 330. Male.
Tim. (Fig. 330.)
Posey County; rare. June +-June 6.
(Original.)
Tillus collaris Spin.. is known from Georgia and Texas, and has
been taken by Dury near Cincinnati. Jt is black, the thorax en-
tirely or with disk red; length 5--5.5 mm.
II. Cymaroprr, Gray, 1832.0 (Gn. “wave + neck.’’)
Eyes moderately emarginate in front; maxillary palpi evlindri-
eal; last joint of labial palpi strongly dilated, hatchet-shaped ; tarsi
elongate, distinctly 5-jointed; antenne more or less serrate. Fifty
species are known from Nevth America. three of which have been
taken in Indiana, while another may occur.
850 FAMILY XLII.—CLERIDZ.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYMATODERA.
a. Last ventral segment in both sexes smaller than last dorsal and never
deeply emarginate in the males.
bv. Body black, thorax (except apex and base) and legs reddish-yellow ;
last dorsal segment of male broadly emarginate. 1622. BICOLOR.
bb. Uniform dark brown above.
ce. Last joint of antennz longer than joints 9 and 10 (female), or
7, 8, 9 and 10 (male); legs unicolorous with elytra; last dorsal
segment of male rounded at apex. BRUNNEA.
ec. Last joint of antennze shorter than joints 9 and 10 in both sexes;
legs paler than elytra; last dorsal segment of male feebly notched
at apex. 1623. INORNATA.
aa. Last ventral segment broader than the last dorsal, the sides of the
former reflexed, partly enclosing the latter; last ventral emarginate;
elytra brownish, with from one to three pale undulating crossbars,
sometimes in great part dull yellow. 1624, UNDULATA.
1622 (5186). CyMmatTopera BricoLor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 174; ibid. II, 282.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; thorax
(except apical and basal margins), legs (except knees and
apical fourth of femora), labrum, palpi and first two joints
of antennz reddish-yellow ; under surface piceous. Antenne
feebly subserrate, joint two slightly shorter than three, three
to ten similar, eleventh longer. Thorax bell-shaped, one-
half longer than wide, strongly constricted behind the mid-
dle, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra at base twice as
wide as thorax, rarely with a more or less distinct undulate
Fig. 331, crossbar, the punctures coarse, deep and close-set. Length
5.5-10 mm. (Fig. 331.)
Starke, Marshall and Crawford counties; scarce
May 28-June 18. Beaten from foliage of oak.
C. brunnea Melsh., dark brown, abdomen paler; elytra very
coarsely and densely punctured, length 7.5-15 mm., ranges from
New Jersey and Ohio to Texas and Arizona.
x 3h.
(Original.)
1623 (51387). CyMATODERA LNORNATA Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
161; ibid. II, 638.
Elongate, subeylindrical, broader behind. Uniform dark brown, rather
thickly clothed with suberect yellowish hairs; antenne and base of femora
reddish-brown, the former with last joint scarcely longer than the tenth.
Thorax cylindrical, more than twice as long as wide; sides feebly contracted
before and behind the middle; disk finely and rather Sparsely punctured
and with a small fovea at middle of base. Elytra at base one-half wider
than thorax, thence gradually but distinctly widening to apical fourth; the
punctures rather coarse and deep. Length 7-8.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 28. Described from Posey County.
THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 851
1624 (5147). CyMaTopERA UNDULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V,
1825, 174; ibid. II, 282.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Brownish, sparsely pubescent; legs
and abdomen dull yellow; elytra either largely dull yellow or with from
one to three pale, dentate crossbars. Antenne reddish-brown, their form
as in bicolor, but slightly longer. Thorax cylindrical, one-half longer than
wide, rather coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as wide
as base of thorax, the punctures coarse, deep and rather distant. Length
9-12 mm.
Elkhart, Wells and Marion counties; scarce. August 18-—No-
vember 23. Those on the latter date were found beneath the bark
of a soft maple tree.
III. Prioczra Kirby. 1518. (Gr., ‘‘serrate+horn.’’)
Eyes emarginate in front, coarsely granulated; maxillary palpi
eylindrical; last joint of labial palpi dilated, scarcely transverse ;
tarsi short, apparently 4-jointed, claws simple. Two species are
known from within our faunal limits. one of which is found in
Indiana.
1625 (5152). PrioceRA CASTANEA Newm., Ent. Mag., Lond., V, 1837, 380.
Hlongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and legs dark
chestnut-brown, very shining, pubescence long and sparse;
elytra reddish-brown with a broad, irregular blackish cross-
bar behind the middle, each also with two yellow spots, one
of which is near the suture and just behind the middle, the
other in front of this and near the flank; a third yellow spot
often also on base near scutellum. Thorax convex, bell-
shaped, strongly constricted near base, sparsely and finely
punctate. Elytra with rows of rather coarse punctures,
these gradually obsolete toward apex. Length 6.5-10 mm.
(Fig. 332.) Fig. 1882.
Kosciusko, Marion and Hancock counties; rare. Orginal)
July 11-July 20.
Cleronomus melanopterus Dury. black, shining, front of head
dull yellow, thorax pink, with a broad black furcate mark, length
8 mm., was described from Cincinnati.
IV. Tricnopes Herbst. 1792. (Gr., ‘‘hairv or shaggy.’’)
Eyes deeply emarginate in front, finely granulated; maxillary
palpi subeylindrical, last joint longer and slightly broader than the
preceding; labial palpi strongly dilated; tarsi apparently four-
jointed; antennal club 3-jointed, triangular. Ten species are
known from North America. one of which occurs in Indiana.
852 FAMILY XII. —CLERID.E.
1626 (5159). Tricuoprs NuTYTALtI Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., NII,
1818, 394.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax, legs and under
surface dark blue, sometimes purplish or greenish-blue; ely-
tra blackish-blue, with basal, median and subapical cross-
bars, interrupted at suture, and also with the margin from
humerus to middle, reddish-yellow, the humeral umbone blue.
Thorax bell-shaped, coarsely. sparsely and shallowly punc-
tate. TFElytra coarsely, shallowly and irregularly punctate.
Length S-10.5 mm. (Tig. 333.)
Porter, Koseiusko, Elkhart and Crawford coun-
ties; scarce. -June 25—-August 6. The Porter County
specimens were taken from blossoms of Opuntia.
x 23.
(Original.)
V Ewnocuerts Gahan. 1910, (Gr., ‘‘in+insects noxious to
hives.’’)
Eyes distinctly emarginate in front, finely granulate; maxil-
lary palpi slender; labial palpi dilated; tarsi apparently 4-jointed,
claws broadly dentate; antennal club 3-jointed, rather abruptly en-
larged, conical. About 30 species of this genus are known from
North America, six of which have been taken in Indiana. One ad-
ditional species and one variety may also oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ENOCLERUS.
a. Elytra more or less broadly red at base.
b. Median pale elytral crossbar very broad, not lunate; larger, 8-12 mm.
ce. Width of median pale crossbar less than one-fourth the length of
elytra; body beneath usually red. 1627, QUADRISIGNATUS.
ce. Width of inedian pale crossbar about one-third the length of ely-
tra; meso- and metasterna usually dark. 1628. 1cliNEUMONETS.
bb. Median pale crossbar narrow, lunate on each elytron; smaller spe-
cies, 4-7 mm.
d. Abdomen red. 1629. QUADRIGUTTATUS.
dd. Abdomen black.
e. Shinipg. slender; elytral sculpture finer. 1630. NIGRIFRONS.
ce. Subopaque, rather robust; elytral sculpture coarse.
f. Disk of clytra without trace of coste, their tips black; an-
tennie entirely red.
ff. Disk of elytra obsoletely costate, the tips pale
ANALIS.
5 antenne red,
elub dusky. 1631. Rosararvs.
aa. Elytra black at base.
g. Wlytra entirely black + abdomen black. 1632. THORACICUS.
gg. Wlytra with pale median crosshar; abdomen red. yur. RUFIVENTRIS
1627 (5165). Exocrervs QUADRISIGNATUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I,
IS35, 162: ibid. IT, Gps,
Hlongate, moderately robust, strongly convex. Tlead, thorax, basal
third of elytra and under surface dull red; apical two-thirds of elytra
Tb CHECKEKED BRETLES. Ree
black, with two yellowish-white crossbars narrowly interrupted at suture,
the broader one at middle. the narrower one on apical fourth; antenne and
legs black. Thorax bell-shaped with a faint transverse groove in front of
middle, sparsely and finely punctate. FElytra rather coarsely and very
densely punctate. Length S-12 mm.
Crawford County: scarce. June 25-Sentember 4.
1628 (5171). ENocLERUS ICHNEUMONEUS Fabr., Gen. Ips.
Mant.. 1777, 230.
Elongate. robust. convex. feebly shining. Head and tho-
rax pale brick red: antennze. legs. pro-, meso- and meta-
sterna black. Elytra black with a very bread median yel-
lowish crossbar, their basal margin narrowly and suture be-
fore the cressbar red. Thorax as in the preceding, the trans-
verse groore less evident. Klytra coarsely and densely punc-
tate, their apical fourth densely clothed with grayish hairs. "53+
Length S-11 mm. (Fig. 334.) (Original.)
Clark County: rare. May 15.
1629 (5167). TE NOcCLERUS QUADRIGUTTATUS Oliv., Ent., IV. 1795, No. 76, 18.
pl. 2. figs 23. as 0:
Elongate, moderately robust, subdepressed, subopaque. Head, thorax
and basal two-fifths of elytra dull red; antennez, legs, meso- and metasterna.
spot on head (often wanting) and apical three-fifths of elytra black; black
portion of elytra with a narrow crossbar very near its front edge and a
crossbar or spot (rarely wanting) on apical fourth, whitish. Thorax as in
quadrisignatus. Tlytra rather coarsely and densely punctured, the pale
crossbar and apex clothed with dense grayish pubescence. Length 4.5-
( Iam.
Wells. Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. March 23—No-
vember 7. The var. rufieentris Spin. has a range which should in-
elude northern Indiana.
1630 (——). ENocLertUs NicRIFRONS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. ITI.
1823, 190; ibid. IT, 121.
Elongate, subdepressed, very shining. Black or fuscous, legs in part
and basal third of elytra dull red. Upper surface more finely punctate than
in quadriguttatus, which it otherwise resembles. Length 4.5-6.5 mm.
Laporte County: rare. June 27. Two specimens beaten from
pine limbs near Dune Park. Listed as a synonym of quadrigut-
tatus. but now regarded as a distinct species.
E. analis Lec., red. under surface in great part and legs black;
elytra. except base. black with two whitish crossbars. length 5.5-7
‘ omm.. is known from Ohio. Tllmois and westward.
854 FAMILY XIJI.—CLERID t.
1631 (5169). ENocLERUS ROSMARUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IL,
1823, 190; ibid. II, 121.
Elongate, convex, slightly wider behind. Dull red, subopaque; elytra
with a narrow crossbar in front of middle and a much broader one on apical
third, black, the two separated by a curved yellowish-white bar, apex also
yellowish-white or pale red; tibia and outer joints of antennz fuscous; ab-
domen black, polished. ‘Thorax bell-shaped, finely and densely punctate.
Elytra with coarse, dense confluent punctures, arranged in very irregular
rows; intervals subcostate, especially at base, the pale crossbar and apex
clothed with rather dense whitish hairs. Length 4-7 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State, common; not taken north of
Marion and Vermillion counties. May 21-September 16. Occurs
especially on the foliage of the greater horseweed.
1632 (5180). ENocLERUS THORACICUS Oliv., Ent., 1V, 1795, No. 76, 18, pl. 2,
fig. 22, a, b.
Klongate, slightly wider behind, subdepressed. Black, often with a
bluish or violaceous tinge; thorax and sometimes the front of head reddish-
yellow, the former with a large black discal spot on basal half (this rarely
extending to front margin); legs and antenne very rarely dusky yellow.
Elytra rather coarsely and very densely punctate, obsoletely costate. Length
5-7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 4+-June 28. Occurs on
foliage in damp meadows.
VI. THanastmus Latr. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘mortal.’’)
Eyes emarginate in front, finely granulated; maxillary palpi
slender; labial palpi dilated; antennal elub loosely 3-jointed, very
gradually enlarged; tarsi apparently 4-jointed, slender, elongate,
claws broadly toothed. Four species are known from America
north of Mexieo, one of which oceurs in Indiana.
1633 (5184). THANASIMUS DUBIUS Fabr., Gen. Ins. Mant., 1777, 229.
Elongate, depressed, subopaque, somewhat wider behind.
Head, thorax. under surface and base of elytra dull red;
antenne and legs varying from red to pitchy black, the legs
usually red, the tibie black; elytra in great part black, with
4 narrow angulate crossbar in front of middle and a broader
sinuate one near apex formed of dense recumbent grayish-
white hairs. Thorax bell-shaped, finely and densely punc-
tate and with a deep curved transverse groove in front of
middle and a median impressed line behind the groove. Ely-
tra with rows of coarse punctures on basal half, these grad-
Fig. 335. nally indistinct toward apey. Length 7.5-9 mm. (Tig. 385.)
(Original) Lake and Elkhart counties; rare. July 23-An-
zust 9.
THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 855
VII. Zznoposus Wolcott. 1910. (Gr., a proper name.)
Eyes small, entire, finely granulated; maxillary palpi moder-
ately compressed; labial palpi triangular, moderately dilated; an-
tenne stout, club loosely and gradually formed, 3-jointed; tarsi ap-
parently 4-jointed, rather slender, claw joint as long as those pre-
ceding united, claws simple. The only known species is North
American.
16384 (5186). ZENODOSUS SANGUINEUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., I, 1835, 162; ibid. IT, 689.
Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and under sur-
face fuscous-brown; apical joints of antenn, legs and ab-
domen usually dull red; elytra bright crimson or blood-red,
feebly shining. Head and thorax densely and confluently
punctate. Elytra coarsely, densely and rather deeply punc-
tate, the sides subparallel. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 336.)
Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties;
searee. April 17-December 8. Occurs beneath bark PB, $86
and moss. (Original)
VIII. Hypnocera Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘swollen + horn.’’)
Eyes entire, finely granulated; maxillary palpi cylindrical,
smaller toward apex of terminal joint; labial palpi elongate,
strongly dilated; antenne nearly filiform, club abruptly formed,
compact, subglobose, 2-jointed, the terminal joint very small; tarsi
apparently 4-jointed. rather slender. short, claws broadly toothed
at base. About 45 species of this genus are known from America
north of Mexico, Six of these have been taken in Indiana, while
three or four others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDNOCERA.
a. Thorax broader than long or the length and width subequal.
b. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen.
c. Very elongate, strongly convex; black, elytra with a whitish cross-
bar just behind the middle. 1635. UNIFASCIATA.
cc. More robust and less convex; elytra without crossbar.
d. Flanks of thorax distinctly tuberculate; elytra not densely pu-
bescent, the humeri usually red. 1636. HUMERALIS.
dd. Flanks of thorax broadly rounded; elytra very densely clothed
with short grayish pubescence. PUBESCENS.
bb. Elytra shorter than abdomen.
e. Head including the eyes narrow; elytra parallel. PEDALIS.
ee, Head including the eves broad; elytra more or less narrowing to-
ward their tips.
856 FAMILY X1L1,—CLERID.K.
f. Head black, feebly shining, finely rugose; elytra coarsely, dense
ly, somewhat confluently punctate. 1637. PALLIPENNIS.
ff. Head in part pale, very shining, nearly smooth, not rugose; ely-
tra coarsely, less densely, not confluently punctate.
1688. VERTICALIS,
aa. Thorax conspicuously longer than broad; elytra shorter than abdomen
(except in tricondyla).
g. Elytra at base narrower than at apical third. TRICONDYLE.
gg. Blytra at base as wide or wider than at apical third.
h. Thorax fully one-half longer than broad.
i. Flanks of elytra parallel, only slightly abbreviated. SCHUSTERI.
di. Flanks of elytra convergent behind, but slightly more than one-
half the length of abdomen. 1639. LONGICOLLIS.
th. Thorax very nearly twice as long as wide. 1640. TABIDA.
1635 (5189). HypNocrRA UNIFASCIATA Say, Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 176; ibid. II, 284.
Hlongate, rather strongly convex. Bluish-black; sparse-
ly clothed with erect yellowish hairs; antenne and tarsi dull
yellow. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides tubercu-
late. Elytra coarsely, deeply, closely punctate. the narrow
post-median crossbar interrupted at suture and densely
clothed with prostrate whitish hairs. Length 3.54.5 mm.
(Fig. 337.)
Orange and Crawford counties; rare. May 30-
June 2. Beaten from foliage of oak and hickory.
1636 (5193). HypNocrrA HUMERALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IID.
1823, 192; ibid. IT, 122.
Elongate, less strongly convex. Violaceous or bluish-black ; elytra dark
blue, humeri usually red; antenne and legs, especially the front pair, usual-
ly in great part reddish. Thorax one-third wider than long, constricted
near base and apex, the sides moderately tuberculate. Elytra parallel,
more finely and densely punctate than in wnifasciata, Length 3.5-5.5 mm.
Lake, Starke, Elkhart and Crawford counties; searee, June 1-
June 24. The tips of elytra are sometimes dull yellow, In var.
difficiis Lec. the elytra are unicolorous.
H, pubescens Lee., dark blue, antenne and front legs dull vel-
low, length 3.5-4.5 mm., and H, pedalis Lee., black, with a bluish
tinge, elytra only slightly shorter than abdomen, 4.5 mm. in length,
are both known from [linois. The latter has also been taken in
Ohio.
1637 (5199). HypNocera PALLIPENNIS Say, Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V.
1825, 176; ibid. II, 28s.
Hlongate, subdepressed. Bl
legs pale; elytra dull yellowish,
dian crossbar brownish av bl
ack, with a tinge of bronze; antenne and
the side margins, apex, suture and a me-
ack, the markings often reduced in extent,
2 Uno BEETLES. 857
Thorax fully as long as wide, the sides feebly tuberculate. Hlytra as de-
scribed in key. Length 3-5 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 13. One specimen taken near Millers.
1688 (5203). HypNocERA vERTICALIS Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
164; ibid. IT, 640.
Elongate, moderately convex. Black, sparsely clothed with suberect
hairs; head pale yellowish, with a black oblong spot (often wanting) on
vertex ; antenne and legs pale; thorax often with a pale stripe or triangu-
lar spot each side; elytra with base duli yellow, rarely entirely black, some-
times entirely pale with tips only black. Thorax cylindrical, as wide as
long. Elytra strongly narrowing from base to apex, two-thirds the length
of abdomen; coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 17-July 4. Beaten from
hickory limbs.
A, tricondy!e Lec., greenish olive-bronzc, antenne piceous, legs
and palpi dull yellow, length 44.5 mm., and H. schustert Lec., 5-5.5
mm. in length, black, antenne pale yellow, legs and elytra in part
reddish-yellow, are both known from Illinois.
1639 (5206). HypNocEeRA LoNGIcoLLis Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 44.
Elongate, moderately convex. Bluish-black; antenne and legs and
often the front of head, pale yellow; elytra usually with a pale subsutural
stripe at base, this sometimes dilated so as to leave only the extreme tips
black. Thorax cylindrical, one-half longer than wide. Elytra rather closely
but not very coarsely punctate, the sides converging towards apex. Legs
elongate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Steuben, Lawrence, Dubois, Perry and Posey counties; scarce.
May 23-June 17. Taken by sweeping low herbage, especially in
moist places. Said to breed in hickory and witch-hazel.
1640 (5205). Hypnocera Tappa Lec, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. V,
1849, 29. ;
Very elongate, subdepressed. Bluish-black; antennie, mouth parts and
legs pale reddish-yellow. Thorax subcylindrical, nearly twice as long as
wide. Elytra parallei, distinctly shorter than abdomen, widely dehiscent at
suture, coarsely and rather densely punctate. Legs very elongate. Length
5-7 mm.
Dubeis County; rare. May 24-May 25.
Tribe II. ENOPLIINI.
The members of this tribe are easily recognizable by having the
fourth joint of the tarsi atrophied. the tarsi thus appearing, when
viewed from above. to be 4-jointed, except in Orthopleura, where but
three joints are visible. The flanks of therax are separated from
the disk by a more or less distinctly elevated marginal line. In
858 FAMILY XLII.—CLERID©.
the males of most genera the inner angles of the first two joints of
the antennal club are much prolonged. Ten genera are represented
in America north of Mexico, six of which are known from Indiana,
while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ENOPLINI.
a. Three outer joints of antennse very large, flat, dilated; six segments of
abdomen visible.
b. Eyes emarginate on inner side; antennee 10-jointed.
c. Last joint of both pair of palpi elongate-triangular; eyes broadly
emarginate. IX. PHYLLOBZNUS.
ce. Last joint of labial palpi obconic; last joint of maxillaries sub-
cylindrical, truacate at apex; eyes narrowly but deeply emargi-
nate; body very elongate. EXLLIPOTOMA.
ob. Eyes emarginate in front.
d. Basal joint of tarsi not smaller than second, visible from above.
e. Antennz 11-jointed, joints 2 to 8 distinct.
f. Sides of thorax rounded, not constricted before the base; form
rather broad, resembling that of certain fireflies.
; X. CHARIESSA.
ff. Sides of thorax sinuate, angulately enlarged behind the mid-
dle, constricted before the base. XI. Creeya.
ee. Antenne 10-jointed, joints 2 to 8 indistinct. XII. PyYTIcERA.
dd. Basal joint of tarsi small and short, covered by the second; black,
thorax yellow. XIII. OrTHOPLEURA.
aa. Three outer joints of antennz forming a small compact club; five seg-
ments of abdomen visible. XIV. NECROBIA.
IX. Puy.iopznus Spin. 1844. (Gr., ‘‘leaf+to go.’’)
Eyes emarginate on inner sides; last joint of both pairs of palpi
very elongate, triangular; labial palpi a little larger than the maxil-
lary ; antennee 10-jointed, joint 7 very small, joints 8. 9 and 10 much
larger than the preceding, depressed, last joint ovate, club shorter
than funicle; tarsi slender, short, fourth jomt rudimentary, claws
strongly toothed at base. Two species are known from the United
States, one of which occurs in Indiana.
1641 (5210). PHyLLopanus pisLocatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V. 1825, 176; ibid. II, 284.
Hlongate, subcylindrical. Black, moderately shining ; an-
tennse, mouth parts and legs yellow, often more or less fus-
cous; elytra each with an oblique pale yellow stripe extend-
ing from humerus to suture at basal third, thence along su-
ture to just behind middle, where it usually connects with a
narrow undulate yellow crossbar; also usually a small yel-
low subapical spot. Thorax subcylindrical, widest near base;
surface, as well as that of head, densely and rather finely
Pig 8. 4, punetate. Elytra with rows of very coarse, quadrate, deep
: and closely placed punctures. Length 3.5-6 mm. (Fig. 388.)
THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 859
Kosciusko, Marion, Vermillion, Perry and Posey counties;
searce. March 31—June 20. Has been bred from twigs of butter-
nut.
Ellipotoma laticornis Say, very elongate, slender, black, with
each side of thorax and a broad, lengthwise median stripe on head,
orange-yellow, length 5-6.5 mm., ranges from Ohio and Illinois
eastward.
X. Cuarressa Perty. 1830. (Gr., ‘‘pleasing.’’)
Eyes emarginate in front; palpi subequal, last joint triangular,
slightly longer than wide; antenne 11-jointed, joints 9, 10 and 11
together as long or longer than the funicle, very large, dilated,
triangular, first two joints of club more or less prolonged at inner
angles; tarsi dilated, first three joints distinctly lamellate, fourth
joint very small, claws simple. Five species are known from
America north of Mexico. one of which and its named variety are
found in Indiana.
1642 (5215). CHARIESSA PILOSA Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins.,
1771, 49.
Elongate, subdepressed. Black, subopaque; thorax red-
dish, with two wide black stripes which are convergent and
usually connected at base. Elytra rather finely, densely and
somewhat roughly punctate. Length 7.5-13 mm. (Fig. 339.)
Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko and Perry counties;
searce. May 30—-June 24. Has beer bred from the
: ? Fig. 339, x 2.
twigs of hickory and butternut. Male. Original.)
1642a (5215a). CHARIESSA PILOSA ONUSTA Say, Amer. Ent., III, 1828, pl. 41;
ibid. I, 89.
Differs from the typical form only in having the suture and side mar-
gins of elytra yellowish, the femora usually pale at base.
Crawford and Posey counties; rare. May 16-June 4.
XI. Creey: Lee. 1561. (Gr., ‘‘charming.’’)
Eyes emarginate in front; both pairs of palpi hatchet-shaped,
the last joint of labial pair larger; antenne 10- or 11-jointed, club
3-jointed, about equal in length to funicle, first two joints triangu-
lar, last joint elongate-ovate; tarsi short, rather broad, first joint
equal to second, fourth very small, first three joints distinctly
lamellate, claws thickened or feebly toothed at base. Of the seven
species known from North America one has been taken in Indiana,
while two others may occur.
S60 FAMILY XLII.—CLERID.®.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CREGYA.
a, Antennz 11-jointed; surface of thorax very uneven; elytra coarsely,
sparsely punctate at apex. LEUCOPH A.
aa, Antennze 10-jointed.
b. Thorax with longitudinal area on disk, sparsely and rather finely
punctate; elytra pitchy black, the sutural and side margins pale.
1643. OCULATA.
bb. Thorax with discal area coarsely, rather densely and somewhat
irregularly punctate; elytra pale yellowish, with black markings.
: MIXTA.
C. leucophea Klug. (velusta Spin.), elongate; pieeous, legs an-
nulate with yellow; elytra white. base and apex widely brown;
length 7.5-11 mm., has been taken at Lexington, Illinois.
1643 (5218). Crecya ocutata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, 1835, 163;
ibid. II, 639. .
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black or piceous, shining; tho-
rax pale yellowish with an oblong black spot each side; spot
on front between the eyes, mouth parts, sutural and side
margins of elytra, pro- and mesosterna and legs yellow;
knees, front tibiz and all the tarsi often piceous. Elytra
nearly parallel, with rows of coarse, deep, quadrate punc-
tures, these gradually smaller and becoming obsolete at apex.
Length 46.5 mm. (Fig. 340.)
Fig. 340. x 4. Starke, ] ewrence and Posey counties; rare. June
(Original) 4 July 3. Beaten from the foliage of wild grape.
C. mixta Lee., 3.5-4.5 mm. in length, is known from Maryland,
Kentucky and Ohio, and probahly oceurs in southern Indiana.
NU. Pyvicera Spin. 1844.
Eyes finely granulate. often deeply emarginate; palpi elongate-
triangular; antenne 10-jointed, joints 8 to 10 forming a large
dilated club, longer than the funicle; tarsi short and broad, four
joints visible from ahove, the first three lamellate; claws at base
with a tooth-like thickening.
1644 (5220). PyTICERA QUADRIPUNCTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1828, 188; ibid. I. 90.
Elongate-oval. Black, shining; elytra bright red, each
with two large rounded black spots, the first of these before,
the other just behind the middle. Thorax subcylindrical,
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra gradually widened from
base to apex, rather finely, shallowly and roughly punctate. ee
Club of antenne in male three times as long as funicle, the rei es
inner angles of joints 8 and 9 produced into very long stout “f
branches; club shorter in the female and rami wanting. yy
Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 341.) ohh
pir . err : E Fig. 341. x 4.
Posey County ; one specimen from near New Tfar- Male and ates of
mony. May 6. Beaten from the flowers of Crategus. ee ee
THE SHECKERED BEETLES. 861
NIU. Orruorrerra Spin. 144. (Gr. ‘‘straight +side.’’)
Eyes coarsely granulate. emarginate in front: palpi subequal.
eylindrical or obeonic; antenna: 11-jointed, joints 9 to 11 forming
a large club. internal aneles of joints 9 and 10 more or less pro-
duced, club much lenyer than funicle: tarsi rather short. first joint
covered by the sevond. second and third furnished with lamelle, the
fourth invisible. the fifth nearly as long as preced-
ing Jeints combined. claws toothed. One cf the two
known North American snecies occurs in the State.
1645 (5225). ORTHOPLEURA DAMICORNIS Fabr., Ent. Syst.
Suppl., 1798. 117.
Elongate. subcylindrical. Black: thorax red, its base
and apex usually black or infuscate; elytra often with a
more or less distinct pale crossbar at middle. Thorax
cylindrical, sides sinuate, hind angles obtuse, disk finely
and densely punctate. Elytra parallel, rather coarsely
and densely punctate. Length 3.5-S.5 mm. (Fig. 342.)
Kosciusko, Monroe. Lawrence. Orange. Knox
: ; Fig. 342. x 5.
and Posey counties: scarce. June 2—Angust 7. (Oniginal.)
XIV. Necrosis Latr. 1796. (Gr.. ‘‘corpse —to live.’’)
Eyes entire, coarsely granulate; last jomt of palpi nearly cylin-
drical, slightly dilated; antenna 11-jointed. club rather small, com-
pact, 3-jointed; tarsi moderately short and road. fourth joint very
inconspicucus. claws toothed at base. Three cosmopolitan specie.
represent this genus in North America. all of which occur in In-
diana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NECROBTA.
a. Red; head, antenne and abdomen black; elytra blue or green, base
broadly red. 1646. RUFICOLLIS.
aa. Dorsal surface blue or green.
b. Legs and lasal joints of antenne red. 1647. RUFIPES.
bb. Legs and antennze dark. 1648. VIOLACEA.
TAG (52511. Necross Buricor.is Fabr., Syst. Ent., 17%), 37.
Oblong-oval. rebust. Color given in key. Head and tho-
rax at sides deusely. rather coarsely punctate. Elytra with
rows of fine but very distinct punctures, becoming gradually
finer behind but evident nearly to apex. Length +5 mm.
(Pig. 345.1
Indiana. Stein © jleetion; frequent.
W447 65230). NecRopia RUFIPES DeG.. Mem. Tus... Vo 1775.
= 16m. ph 13. fiz: 4
Fe al * Elongate-oblong. robust. Color civen in key. Head and
thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra finely
862 - FAMILY XLII.—PTINID%.
transversely rugose with rows of rather coarse punctures at base. Length
3.5-6 mm.
Indiana, Stein collection; frequent.
1648 (5282). Necrosra viotacea Linn., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1758, 356.
Elongate-oblong, robust. Uniform dark blue or green. Head and tho-
rax rather coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra with rows of rather
coarse punctures, becoming fainter behind the middle; intervals irregular,
finely punctulate. Length 3.24.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo. Dubois, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent.
April 11-May 17. This and the other two species occur together
with Dermestids and certain Nitidulids on the bones and skins of
old carrion. The Dermestids are known as ‘‘skin beetles’’ and the
species of Necrobia and the Nitidulids which occur with them as
‘bone beetles.’’
Family XLII. PTINID.®.
Tue DeatH-watcH Beerues. Tire Drug Store BEETLES.
A family of medium size containing species rarely exceeding
one-fourth of an inch in length, which live for the most part on dry
vegetable or animal matter, usually the former, which is just be-
ginning to decay. Many of them are therefore found about cellars,
old houses and outbuildings, into the woodwork of which they bore,
making meanwhile a ticking sound that gives them the name of
‘“‘death-watch.’’ Others oceur in drug and grocery stores, where
they’ feed upon cayenne pepper, cigars, dried roots, ete., and still
others in the forest and open woodland beneath the bark and dead
leaves. They vary greatly in form, so that no general popular
description is possible, and only the fact that the thorax extends
forward in a hood-like fashion over the head is of general applica-
tion. The head is usually well bent under, and not visible from
above, and the general color is either cinnamon-brown or black.
The name Ptinus, that of the typical genus upon which the family
name is based, is from a Greek word meaning ‘‘to decay’’ or
“‘destroy,’’? and applies to the habits of the best known species,
which have been carried by commerce over the entire globe.
The principal characters of the Ptinide, briefly stated, are as
follows: Maxille exposed at base, with two ciliate lobes, the palpi
short, four-jointed ; antennez inserted upon the front (Ptinine) or
at the sides of the front in the other subfamily, variable in form,
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 863
9 to 11-jointed; head retractile, usually protected by the thorax;
labrum distinct; thorax with the side pieces not separate; elytra
entire, with distinct epipleure ; abdomen with five free ventral seg-
ments; front and middle coxe evlindrical or sub-globose, the coxal
cavities rounded, open behind; hind coxe transverse; tarsi five-
jointed.
The larve of the Ptinide occur with the adults, and are white,
soft, grub-like creatures. covered with short, stiff hairs or bristles,
and when at rest lie in a curved position like the common white
grubs of the genus Lachnosterna. They have six legs, but usually
move by drawing themselves along on their sides. Only a few spe-
cies, comprising those feeding upon drugs and upon the wood of
living trees. are economically important and injurious. The others
may be classed as innoxious.
The principal literature treating of the North American forms
is as follows:
Lc Conte —‘Prodromus of a Monograph of the Species of the
Tribe \nobiini, the Family Ptinide inhabiting North Amer-
ica,’’? 7m Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 222-244.
Fall, H, C._— ‘Revision of the Ptinide of Boreal America,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., XX XI, 1905, 97-296.
Casey.— ‘studies in the Ptinida. Cioide and Sphindide of
America,’ in Journ. N. Y. Ent. See. VI, 1898, 61-93.
LeConte and Horn, in their ‘‘Classifieation,’’ and Henshaw, in
his Check List. recognize four subfamilies of Ptinide. Fall, in his
latest. work. recognizes but two. viz., Ptinine and Anobiinuw, rele-
gating the Lycting to the family Cucujide, as proposed by Maj.
Casex. and proposing a separate and independent family for the
subfamily Bostrichine. Sharp regards these two subfamilies as
forming the family Bostrichide, and thev are so recognized in the
present paper.
Fall, in his Revision, records 53 genera and 259 species of
Ptinidw as belonging to the North American fauna.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PTINIDZ.
a. Antenne inserted upon the front of head and rather close together at
base; thorax without side margin.
Subfamily I. PTmrnin-x, p. S64.
aa. Antenne inserted on the sides of head in front of eyes and usually dis-
tant at base; thorax usually margined at sides.
Subfamily II. ANopiina. p. S66.
[55—23402]
864 PAMILY XLIII.—PTINIDE.
Subfamily I. PTININAE,
Our members of this subfamily are small-sized species having
the antennex inserted on the front and more or less approximate at
base, rather long and moderately stout, filiform or feebly serrate,
11-jointed. Head and thorax small, the latter without side mar-
gins, the disk frequently swollen or tubereulate. Elytra much
wider than thorax, usually oval or globose. Legs long, not con-
tractile. with trochanters in the axils of the thighs; tibize with two
small or minute terminal spurs; tarsal claws simple, strongly di-
vergent. Representatives of but two of the eight genera have as
yet been taken in Indiana, though those of one other should occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PTININA.
a. Elytra not punctured, polished, widely embracing the abdomen at the
sides; ventral surface about one-third the width of elytra.
b. Head and thorax entirely glabrous; eyes subfrontal; ventral seg-
ments four. GIBBIUM.
bb. Head and thorax densely covered with small scales and scale-like
hairs; eyes on sides of head; thorax tuberculate; ventral segments
five. I. MeEzium.
aa. Blytra with rows of punctures, pubescent, much less widely embracing
the abdomen, parallel in males, oval in some females; ventral sur-
face nearly equal in width to elytra; eyes large; thorax strongly con-
stricted behind. II. Prinus.
Gibbium psylloides Czemp., upper surface glabrous, under sur-
face with dense short, yellowish hairs, oveurs in houses from Vir-
ginia to California.
I. Mezium Curtis. 1828.
Small species having the eyes very small, elliptical, flat and
widely separated; entire surface except the elytra densely clothed
with pale yellow scales and seale-like hairs; elytra smooth, much
inflated, highly polished; last antennal joint but little longer than
tenth, oval, pointed; ventral surface greatly contracted, segments
one to four short; fifth equal to all the preceding united. One
species occurs throughout the United States.
1649 (5236). Mrziun AwERICANUM Lap., Hist. Nat. des Coleop., I, 1837,
297.
Oval, the elytra subglobose. Dull yellow ; elytra piceous, shining. Tho-
rax subeylindrical, suleate on middle of disk, sides with obtuse tubercles.
Flytra very smooth, highly polished. Length 2.5-8 mm.
Marion County; rare. June 20, A single specimen from hox
which had contained dried insects. Oveurs in houses, where it is
said to breed in all sorts of dried animal substances,
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG SLORE BEETLES. 865
Il. Prinvs Linn. 1767. (Gr., ‘‘to decay or destroy.’’)
Antenne filiform, first joint robust, second smallest, 3 to 11
elongate, subequal; elytra variously clothed with recumbent hairs
or scales and erect bristles. Two species are in the collection from
the State, and four others probably occur, two of them having been
taken by Dury at Cincinnati.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTINUS.
a. Elytra dissimilar in form in the sexes; elongate, subparallel in male;
oval, more or less swollen in female; fourth ventral segment short;
female without inner wings.
b. Sete of elytral intervals equal or subequal in length.
ce. Erect hairs of elytra shorter; sub-basal and subapical patches of
pale scales on elytra conspicuous, especially in the female; head
alutaceous. 1650. FUR.
cc. Erect hairs of elytra longer; sub-basal and subapical spots of scales
wanting on male elytra, represented on those of female by coarse
appressed hairs on the humeral region only; surface of head pol-
ished. 1651. BRUNNEUS.
bb. Alternate elytral intervals with longer erect hairs; length 2.5-3.5 mm.
VILLIGER.
aa. Elytra oblong, more or less elongate, in both sexes; fourth ventral seg-
ment longer; both sexes winged.
d. Elytra without recumbent hairs in addition to the erect ones; color
black, head, thorax and sometimes base of elytra rufous. FALLI.
dd. Elytra with pale recumbent hairs in addition to erect ones.
e. Black, the humeri and apex of elytra bright rufous; elytra with
post-humeral and anteapical bands of white recumbent hairs con-
spicuous. BIMACULATUS.
ee. Rufous; elytra with a broad black or piceous median band, inter-
rupted at suture; male with form very elongate and antenne as
long as body; thorax not swollen. QUADRIMACULATUS.
1650 (5239). DPtinus Fur Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 566.
Elongate-oval, male; oval, more robust, female. Pale brown or dull
reddish-yellow, male; darker brown, female. Thorax a little narrower than
head, nearly as wide as long, sides parallel in front, strongly constricted be-
hind; disk feebly tuberculate and with a tuft of yellowish hairs each side
of median impressed line. Elytra elongate, parallel, with prominent humeri,
male; elongate-oval without humeri, female; striz slightly impressed,
coarsely punctate; surface with patches of pale scales behind the humeri
and on apical third, these conspicuous, especially in female. Length 2.S-
3.5 mm.
Hamilton and Posey counties; scarce. June 7—July 12. Prob-
ably throughout the State. An Old World species, widely dis-
seminated by commerce. Said to be often injurious to museum
specimens.
866 FAMILY XLIII.—PTINID.¥,.
1651 (5240). Prrnus Bprunneus Duft., Faun. Austral., III, 65.
Very similar to fur, from which it is dis-
tinguished mainly by characters given in key.
Color more often pale brown in both sexes.
Elytra without trace or patches of recumbent
scales except near humerus in the female,
and these often lacking. Head behind the
antenne polished and with strong punctures,
these visible only when the scales are re-
moved. Length 2.7-3.5 mm. (Fig. 344.)
Hamilton, Marion, Putnam, Craw-
ford and Posey counties; frequent.
April 24-December 22. Occurs in old
buildings and outhouses. Also an intro-
Fig. 844. Male. (After Forbes.)
duced species.
P. villiger Reit., is known from New England, Michigan and
westward; P. falli Pic., length. 2.3-3 mm., is recorded from Ohio
and Kentucky; P. bimaculatus Melsh., length 2-2.8 mm., is re-
corded from Michigan, Pennsylvania and Missouri, while P. quadri-
maculatus Melsh., length 3-3.2 mm., is reported from Ohio.
Subfamily II. ANOB'INAE.
The insects of this subfamily are mostly of a slightly depressed,
subeylindrical form, but vary to broadly oval or nearly globular.
The antennw are distant at base and inserted just in front of the
eyes, which are rounded and usually prominent. Head deflexed
and nearly or quite invisible from above. Hind cox, except in the
first tribe, more or less suleate for the reception of the femora.
Fall divides the subfamily into six tribes, all of which are repre-
sented in Indiana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF ANOBIINA.
a. Yront of head not margined, nor with impressed line over the base of
antenne; hind coxe not grooved for the reception of thighs; thorax
not margined at sides. Tribe I. Hepourrnt, p. 867.
aa. Front of head margined more or less acutely or with an impressed line
above the antenns; hind cox more or less distinctly grooved; tho-
rax margined at sides, except very rarely.
b. Antenne of male never fan-shaped. at most pectinate; front tibise
not toothed and deiticulate on the outer side; form and sculpture
similar in both sexes.
c. Head in repose received upon the under surface of the thorax.
d. Thorax not excavated beneath, the head free.
Tribe TT. Dryoritninr p. 867,
dd. Thorax excavated beneath for the reception of the head.
Tribe TIT. ANopirnt. p. S68.
THE DEATH-\WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 867
ec, Head very strongly deflexed and retracted, the mandibles nearly
or quite reaching the metasternum.
e. Metasternum and first ventral segment not grooved for the re-
ception of middle and hind legs; form oblong or elongate-oval ;
head impressed or excavated beneath for the reception of the
antenne. Tribe IV. XNMyYLETININI, p. S73.
ce. Middle and hind legs received in excavations on metasternum
and first ventral segment; form varying from elongate-oval to
globose; antennz usually received between the front cox.
Tribe VV. DurcaToMInt, p. ST6.
bb. Antennz of male strongly fan-shaped; outer margin of front tibie
prolonged at tip in a horizontal tooth, the margin above the tooth
finely denticulate; form and sculpture varying in the sexes, the
former usually cylindrical; thorax not distinctly excavated be
neath. Tribe VI. PTILININI. p., 885.
Tribe I. HEDOBIINI.
The two genera comprising this tribe were placed by LeConte
and Horn in the subfamily Ptinine, but were transferred by Fall
to the Anobiinw. One of the two is represented in the eastern
United States, including Indiana, by a single species.
III. Evcrapa Lee. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘good +rust.’’)
Antenne widely separated at base. being inserted near the inner
margin of the eve, pectinate in male, quite strongly serrate in fe-
male; elytra with somewhat irregular rows of punctures.
1652 (5245). HEtcrapA HUMERBALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT,
1845, 310.
Oblong, moderately elongate. Dull
black; thorax, except basal and apical
margins. and humeri of elytra, reddish-
yellow. Head granulate, densely clothed
with grayish-yellow hairs. Thorax about
as long as wide, sides rounded, surface
granulate, disk obtusely elevated. Elytra
with close rows of rather coarse punc-
tures; intervals narrow, feebly convex, pu- p
bescent, the humeral one more conspicu- Fig. 345. x5. Male. (Original.)
ously pubescent, giving the appearance of
a costa or raised line along the sides. Length 45.5 mm. (Fig. 345.)
Marion, Dubois and Posey counties: scarce. March 23-May 11.
Occurs on trunks of dead beech or beneath rubbish in open wood-
land.
Tribe II. DRYOPHILINI.
The members of this tribe agree in having the head only moder-
ately deflexed, the thorax not excavated beneath for its reception ;
$68 PAMILY XUIUIT.A—PTINID.A.
legs not received in cavities; antenna in repose resting loosely upon
the front coxw, usually 11-jointed, the three outer joints more or
less dilated and elongated. Two genera are probably represented
in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DRYOPHILINI.
a. Front cox only moderately prominent, distinctly separated by the
process of prosternum; intermediate joints of antennze subequal.
IV. XESTOBIUM.
aa. Front cox conical, very prominent and contiguous; thorax with sharp-
ly defined side margins; fourth tarsal joint short, emarginate.
ERNOBIUS.
IV. Xesrorrum Mots. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘smooth or dry + live.’’)
This genus comprises two oblong, moderately stout beetles, hav-
ing the elytra parallel and irregularly punctate; joints 9 to 11 of an-
tenne longer than those preceding; front coxe distinctly but nar-
rowly separated, the prosternum short before them, and tarsi wide
and densely pubescent beneath. One of the two oceurs in Indiana.
1658 (5261). Xesvroprum RUFOVILLOSUM DeG., Ins., IV, 1774, 230.
Plongate-oblong, rather stout, parallel. Dark brown, marked with small
patches of sooty and yellowish hairs. Antenne a little longer than head
and thorax, second joint much narrower than and half as long as first,
third twice as long as wide, third to eighth subequal in length and gradually
wider. Thorax two-thirds as long as wide, margin rather broadly flattened
and slightly reflexed, angles all rounded; surface, as well as that of head
and elytra, densely granulate-punctate. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Fall says of this species: ‘Rather common locally from the
New England States to Illinois,”’? and mentions Indiana as one of
the States from which the specimens examined by him were taken.
Not seen by me from the State.
Ernobius mollis Linn., ninth joint of antenne shorter than the
three preceding united, brown, length 4-5.5 mm., is recorded from
Cincinnati; E. lacustris Fall, ninth joint as long as the five or six
preceding united, piceous-brown, length 4.8-5.5 mm., was described
from Michigan, while E. luteipennis Lee., ninth joint equal to all
preceding in male, reddish or brownish-yellow, length 2.5-4 mm.,
is known from Ohio and Michigan. All occur on pine.
Tribe III. ANOBIINI.
Species of parallel and moderately elongate form in whieh. dur-
ing repose, the head is received on the under side of the thorax.
which is distinctly excavated for its reception; mandibles not reach-
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 869
ing metasternum, the latter never grooved for the reception of the
legs. The contractile or ‘‘doubling-under’’ power is therefore
much less than in the tribes which follow. Eight genera are either
represented jn the collection at hand or should occur in the State.
KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF ANOBIINI.
a, Front coxze contiguous or narrowly separated (except in Oligomerus
sericans) ; process of prosternum usually ending in a sharp point.
b. Last joint of both Jabial and maxillary palpi elongate, spindle-shaped ;
antenn:e usually 10-jointed. V. OLIGOMERUS.
bb. Last joint of maxillary palpi parallel and obliquely truncate; last
joint of labial palpi broadly triangular; antenne 11-jointed.
VI. SrropREP..
aa. Front coxee distinctly or even widely separated ; prosternal process with
parallel sides; antenne usually received between the cox in repose.
ce Antenne net serrate, joints 9 to 11 long.
d. Tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth; form oblong, densely pu-
bescent and ornamented with tufts of erect hairs.
VII. TRICHODESMA.
dd. Claws not toothed.
c. Ventral segments free, sutures distinct; tarsi narrow.
f. Metasternum deeply excavated in front. ANOBIUM.
ff. Metasternum not deeply excavated in front. at most a little
concave.
g. Third ventral segment short; tibis not produced on the outer
side at apex. VIII. HaApRoBREGMUS.
gg. Third ventral segment long; tibia acutely produced on the
outer side at apex. MICROBREGMA.
ce, Ventral segments firmly united, their sutures, except the first
faint or obliterated at middle; tarsi stouter and broader.
C@LOSTETHUS.
ce. Antenne serrate, joints 9 to 11 not conspicuously longer than those
preceding; elytra with rows of punctures; ventral segments united
at middle. IX. TRyYPOPITYS.
V. OurgoweRus Redt. 1848. (Gr., ‘small + femur.’’)
Front and middle coxe without an intervening cavity for the
reception of the antenne; first, third and fourth ventral segments
nearly equal and shorter than second and fifth. One species has
been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OLIGOMERUS.
a. Front coxre distinctly separated; pubescence of head and thorax erect.
1654. SERICANS.
aa. Yront cox contiguous or virtually so; pubescence entirely recumbent.
OBTUSUS.
870 PAMILY XQLill.—Ptinipa.
1654 (5264). OLIGOMERUS SERICANS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., II, 1845,
309.
Elongate, cylindrical, slightly depressed. Piceous brown; head and tho-
rax shining with small scattered granules and clothed with short, erect fus-
cous hair. Elytra finely scabrous, feebly striate, the stris: with rows of
punctures, the inner rows irregular and more feebly impressed; surface
clothed with fine inclined hairs. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Marshall, Steuben and Putnam counties; rare. June 11—July 5.
Beaten from foliage of oak and linden.
O. obtusus Lec., reddish-brown, length 4.8-7.2 mm., has been
recorded from Ohio and Michigan.
VI. SrroprerpaA Thom. 1863. (Gr., ‘‘food + pluck.’’)
The single member of this genus has the antennex less than one-
half as long as body, 11-jointed, the first joint elongate, rather
stout; joints three to eight small, ninth equal to the five preceding,
tenth and 11th each equal to ninth; the last three united much
longer than all preceding; front cox separated by a triangular in-
tercoxal process.
1655 (5267). Srroprepa paNnicea Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 564.
Oblong, moderately robust. Reddish-brown, with
rather long and somewhat bristling yellowish pubescence.
Thorax as wide as elytra, a little narrowed from the
base, side margin narrow in front, finely serrate; front
angles somewhat rounded, hind ones broadly rounded,
surface sparsely granulate. Elytra finely striate, the
strie with rows of punctures; intervals with a single line
of punctures bearing semierect hairs. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
(Fig. 346.)
Kosciusko, Marion, Vigo and Knox counties ;
frequent. June 15-November 7. A cosmopolitan
une oe species which has been widely diffused by ecom-
merce. Usually found in drugs of various kinds,
such as ginger, rhubarb, chamomile, boneset, licorice, peppermint
and seeds of every description ; hence the common name ““drug store
beetle.’’ Tt is also often called the ‘‘biseuit weevil,’’ being found
in households, where it feeds upon flour, meal, breakfast foods,
dried beans and peas, chocolate, black pepper, coffee, ete., and is
sometimes injurious to manuscripts and books. Its injuries are to
some extent limited by the attacks of a small mite and a chalcis fly,
which are parasitic upon its larve, The best remedy for it is the
subjection of the object attacked to the tnmes of bisulphide of
carbon.
hi
ai
aay
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES.
VII. Tricnopesma Lec. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘hair +band.’’)
The members of this genus are readily known from all other
Ptinide by their oblong, convex bodies, which are densely pubescent
and ornamented with tufts of erect hairs. The antenne are 11-
jointed, the three outer joints large, elongate and together as long
as the preceding united: front and middle coxe widely separated,
the prosternum broadly truncate behind. One species is frequent
in Indiana, while another may oceur in the southern counties.
1656 (5277). TRricHODESMA GIBBOSA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 171; ibid. IT, 280.
Oblong, moderately robust, densely clothed, except on basal thirds of
thorax and elytra, with grayish-white recumbent hairs. Thorax slightly
narrower than elytra, sides feebly curved and convergent near hind angles,
which are broadly rounded; disk strongly swollen, surface densely granu-
late, each granule bearing a long, fine erect hair; the summit of the disk
with a divided tuft of brown and brownish-yellow hairs, and in front of
this two smaller similar tufts. Elytra with coarse punctures arranged in
somewhat irregular rows and numerous small granules which are more
conspicuous on basal third; the grayish-white appressed hairs form a broad
oblique band just behind the middle; each elytron with two elongate tufts
of brownish hairs in front of middle and four smaller tufts in a curved
row on apical fourth. Length 4.5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 26—July 5. Occurs most
commonly on foliage of hickory, maple and redbud.
T. klagest Fall, having the pubescence of elytra less dense and
hairs of elytra tufts uniformly blackish-brown, is known from Ohio
and Kentucky.
Anobium striatum Oliv., elongate, subcylindrical, brown, opaque,
length 2.7-4+ mm., is a true ‘‘death-watch beetle’? which is common
to Europe and: America.
VIII. Havrosreeuus Thom. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘thick + head.’’)
Elongate, subeylindrical species covered with fine, short, re-
cumbent pubescence; front and middle tarsi widely separated, the
antenne in repose received between them. Our species have the
antennz 10-jointed. the three outer joints elongate, together longer
than all the preceding. Two species have been taken in Indiana,
while another doubtless occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPFCIES OF HADROBREGMUS.
a. First ventral suture straight, the second segment not quite as long as
fifth ; size larger, 3.5-7 mm.
b. Disk of thorax slightly gibbous or humped, compressed behind, sides
converging and usually feebly sinuate behind the front angles.
1657. CARINATUS.
872 FAMILY XLIII.—PTINIDAL.
bb. Disk of thorax strongly gibbous or raised into an obtuse cone, sides
nearly straight and parallel for more than two-thirds their length.
1658. LINEARIS.
aa. First ventral suture bisinuate, broadly curved backward at middle, the
second segment a little longer than fifth; smaller, not over 2.8 mim.
PUSILLUS.
1657 (5271). Taproprecmus carinatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 187; ibid. II, 120.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Reddish- to piceous-brown. Thorax nearly
equal to elytra in width; sides rounded, convergent ; hind angles undefined ;
disk slightly swollen, finely granulate-punctate, compressed a little behind
the middle and often with a median carina on basal third. FElytra with
moderately impressed, strongly and closely punctate striw. Length 3.5-
6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 21—July 21. Occurs on
soft maple and beech logs in low, moist woods; taken also at light.
1658 (5272). UElApRoBREGMUS LINEARIS Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1865, 232.
Resembles carinatus, from which it is distinguished mainly by charac-
ters given in key. Color blackish-brown. DPunctures of elytral strize obso-
lete or very indistinct. Length 4.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 17. Taken from the split trunk
of anoak. A northern species known from the Iiudson Bay Region
and near Detroit, Michigan.
H. pusillus Fall, reddish-brown, disk of thorax strongly swollen
and compressed behind, was described from Ohio and Wisconsin.
Microbregma emarginatuin Duft., brown, thorax not as wide as
elytra, length 4-5 mm., is known from Michigan.
Celostethus notatus Say, dark brown, pubescence of elytra
variegated, length 3.24 mm., is said to oceur from New England
to Missouri on old oak branches.
IX. Trypopitys Redt. 1848. (Gr., ‘‘to bore + pine.’’)
Antenne more or less serrate, the three outer joints not con-
spicuously longer than those preceding; sutures of ventral seg-
ments obsolete at middle, the median area of abdomen rather
densely punctate, the large punctures with an encircling ring. One
of the two known species ocenrs in Indiana.
1659 (5281). TRyporrrys Sericrus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V
1825, 172; ibid. IT, 280.
Oblong, subeylindrical. Scaty brown, sparsely clothed with short brown-
ish-yellow recumbent hairs. Head deeply sunk within the thorax, the eves
almost covered.in repose. Thorax not quite as wide as elytra about as
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 873
long as wide, sides parallel, broadly sinuate at middle; hind angles nearly
rectangular, sharply defined; disk evenly convex, with an impressed line at
middle and a transverse impression each side on basal third. Elytra with
regular rows of close-set, rather deep, quadrate punctures; intervals slightly
convex, not much wider than the punctures. Length 5-6.2 mm.
Starke, Putnam, Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. June
12-October 12. Occurs beneath bark and on old branches of wild
cherry and oak.
Tribe IV. NYLETININI.
Usually elongate-oval species having the contractile power fairly
well developed; thorax excavated heneath for the head, which is
strongly bent under in repose, and more or less impressed or exca-
vated on the under side, the antennz curving into the cavities and
resting against the front coxe. The antennie are 11-jointed and
variable in form. Two of the six genera comprising the tribe are
represented in Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XYLETININI.
a. Elytra striate; head merely broadly impressed beneath in front, not dis-
tinctly excavated for the reception of the antenne, the latter strongly
serrate, the three outer joints not elongate; metasternum not sloping
downward in front. XX. NYLETINUS.
aa. Elytra not striate; head deeply excavated beneath for the antenne.
b. Antenne serrate, the outer joints not elongate; metasternum strongly
sloping downward in front. XI. DLASIODERMA.
bb. Antenne not serrate, joints 9-11 elongate; metasternum more grad-
ually sloping downward. MEGORAMA.
X. Xyuetinvs Lat. 1829. (Gr., “‘wood + destroy.’’)
Oval to oblong species, having the thorax wider than long, the
hind angles broadly rounded and undefined, the front angles nearly
rectangular and scareely rounded; elytra striate, the outer and
inner strie uniting on apical third; ventral secments nearly equal,
the first, second and fifth somewhat longer than the third and
fourth. Three of the nine known species have been taken in In-
diana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLETINUS.
uv. Form cylindrical: eves, especially thase of male, larger and more con-
vex; width of front about twice as wide as that of eye when viewed
from the front; color brown or reddish-brown.
b. Last joint of maxillary palpus elongate, feebly triangular; thorax
more parallel. the side margins very narrow and not at all reflexed.
1660. PELTATUS.
874 FAMILY XLII.—PTINIDE.
bb. Last joint of maxillary palpus broadly triangular; thorax less par-
allel, the side margins narrowly but evidently reflexed; form more
robust. HARRISII.
ad. Form more oval; eyes small, not very convex, scarcely larger in the
male; width of front five or six times that of eye as seen from front ;
eolor piceous or dark brown.
c. Antenns acutely serrate; first two ventrals of male without line of
erect hairs; sides of thorax flattened. 1661. FUCATUS.
cc. Antenne subpectinate in the male; first two ventral segments of male
with a median line of short, dense, erect hairs; sides of thorax not
flattened. 1662. LUGUBRIS.
1660 (5202). NyLeTinus pELTatus Harris, Trans. Hartf. Nat. Hist. Soc., I,
1836, 75.
Elongate-oblong. Brown or reddish-brown, clothed with fine, silky yel-
lowish pubescence. Antenne moderately serrate, joints 3 to 10 triangular,
terminal joint elongate-oval or nearly spindle-shaped. Head finely and
densely punctate, feebly obtusely carinate at middle. Thorax moderately
narrowed in front, disk convex, broadly impressed each side on basal third,
leaving the median line very convex, resembling a carina; surface finely and
sparsely punctate. Blytra with narrow, lightly impressed stris, which are
finely, not closely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm.
Putnam and Kosciusko counties; rare. July 4-September 7.
Beaten from the foliage of the Virginia Creeper.
VY. harristi Fall, length 3.7-5.5 mmm., was described from Ohio,
Kentucky and Michigan.
1661 (5295). NyLeTinus rucatus Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 238.
Hlongate-oval, convex. Black or piceous black, clothed with fine, short
and rather sparse pubescence. Antenne with joints 3 to 9 almost twice as
wide as long, male, or slightly wider than long, female. Eyes small, sep-
arated on the front by about five times their longest diameter. Thorax
strongly transverse, median line feebly elevated at base, sides flattened but
scarcely reflexed, surface densely, finely punctured and with larger shallow
punctures on the sides. Elytra finely rugose-wrinkled, deeply and finely
striate, the strie very feebly punctate; intervals nearly flat. Length 3-
5 mm.
Marion County, scarce. May 28-May 29. Taken from the side
of stone abutments, where they were basking in the sunshine.
1662 (5296). NyLerinus LucuBrts Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Sov., NVIT, 1878,
612.
Resembles fucatus, but smaller and more elongate. Antennre subpecti-
nate in male, acutely serrate in female, where the intermediate joints are
about as wide as those of male fucatus. Sides of thorax less flattened and
more strongly sloping downward on basal halt. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Starke, Marion and Posey counties: scarce. March 23—June
18. Beaten from foliage of oak, Probably hibernates beneath
bark.
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 875
XI. Lasioperm Stephens. 1832. (Gr., ‘‘hairy +skin.’’)
Oval, more or less elongate, moderately convex, species having
the body clothed with recumbent pubescence; antenne serrate, but
not strongly so, the outer joints not more elongate; elytra not stri-
ate; metasternum short, suddenly sloping downward in front from
side to side, the declivity limited behind by a transverse raised line
extending across the body. Two of the five known species occur in
Indiana.
1663 (5299). LaAsIODERMA SERRICORNE Fab., Ent. Syst.. I, 1798, 241.
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Uniform dull reddish-yellow or brown-
ish-red. Head broad, eyes small. Antenne rather narrow. second and third
joints smaller than first, the third distinctly triangular; fourth to tenth
about as wide as long; eleventh oval. Thorax strongly convex, front angles
Fig. 347. a, larva; b, pupa; ¢, beetle; d, same, side view, e, antenna. All enlarged. (After Howard and
Marlatt, in Bull. IV, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.) #
acute, hind angles wanting. Punctuation of entire upper surface fine, uni-
form. not dense. Length 2.2.-3 mm. (Fig. 347.)
Howard, Vigo, Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; fre-
quent ‘oeally. April 10-November 7. Specimens in all stages
were f ind in smoking tobacco put up in tin boxes on the earlier
date. .Videly distributed over_the world by commerce and feeds
on a variety of dried vegetable products, such as cayenne pepper,
ginger, rhubarb, rice, figs, veast cakes and prepared fish food. To-
bacco it devours In every form, in the leaf and when made up into
chewing plug. cigarettes and cigars. It is, therefore, often known
as the ‘‘cigarette beetle.’’ Both it and the larve may be destroyed
by submitting them to the fumes of bisulphide of carbon, or by
steaming the substance in which they are found. Drugs which
are badly infested should, however, be burned.
1664 (——). JLasiopERMA SEMIRUFUM Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX XI,
1905, 205.
Elongate-oval. Head. thorax. under surface and appendages reddish-
brown; elytra dark chestnut or piceous brown. Sculpture as in scrricorne,
876 FAMILY XLIII.—PTINID.E.
the pubescence a little shorter and more recumbent and the punctuation a
little sparser. Metasternum with a fine raised line extending from the side
margin obliquely inward and backward. Length 1.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. June 6. Swept from vegetation at
side of wagon road. Known heretofore from New Jersey to Ohio.
The small size, more elongate form and bicolored upper surface
readily distinguish it from serricorie.
Megorama simplex Lec., elongate-oval, blackish-brown, with fine
recumbent grayish-yellow pubescence, length 3.5-4.5 mm., was de-
scribed from Kentucky.
Tribe V.§ DORCATOMINI.
The members of this tribe are distinguished from all others of
the family by their highly developed contractile power. The an-
tenne and mouth organs are completely hidden in repose, the head
being strongly reflexed and received into a deep cavity on the
under side of the thorax and the legs withdrawn into suitable ex-
cavations in the meso- and metasternum and first ventral segment.
In form they are usually broadly oval, varying to elongate-oval
or even globose; and all are less than 3.5 mm. in length. Fall
in his Revision removes to this tribe a number of genera placed by
LeConte and Horn in the Anobiint and Yyletininz, so that the
classification and arrangement of the Henshaw List is much broken
up. In all the genera so removed, the metasternum and first ven-
tral segment are deeply excavated for the middle and hind pairs of
legs, these excavations forming the principal characters upon which
the tribe Dorcatomini is based. Of the cleven genera recognized
by Fall, representatives of seven have been taken in Indiana. The
genera, as well as the species of each, are very difficult to separate
unless they are clean and opened up so that the under parts can be
readily studied with a lens.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DORCATOMINIT.
a. Front coxre expanded at apex into transverse horizontal plates which
are not concealed in repose; trochanter joined to the coxa from he-
hind.
b. Metasternum with broadly expanded front lobe which covers the
mouth in repose; hind coxal plates wider on the inner side; form
elongate-parallel. NII. PEeTarrum.
bb. Metasternum with a short front lobe which does not reach the mandi-
bles; form elongate-oval.
c. Two outer joints of antenns closely united ; front coxse widely sep-
arated; hind coxal plates wider on the outer side; mesosternum
depressed, XIII, Evuractrus.
7
pris whee ed Gyaree lu RUC STORE BEETLES. ST
cc. Two outer joints of antennze normally separated; frout cuxz con-
tiguous; hind coxal plates narrow and parallel; mesosternum
strongly elevated into a central keel which is horizontal and at-
tains the level of the metasternum. THECA.
ad. Front coxie not expanded into apical plates. entirely shut in in repose ;
trochanter joined to the apex of the coxa.
d. Front cox contiguous or nearly so; head impressed or excavated be
neath for the antenne.
e. Punctures of elytra confused. not in rows; metasternum not lobed
in front; epipleurz without small pits for the reception of hind
knees ; antenne 10-jointed. XIV. CaToRaMA.
cc, Punctures of elytra in rows; metasternum apparently broadly lobed
in front. on account of deep and narrow excavations for middle
tarsi: epipleurze with small pits for the hind knees; antenne 9-
or 11-jointed ; pubescence more or less bristly. XV. PROTHECA.
dd. Front coxze widely separated, antennm received between them.
f. Prosternum produced behind into two long, slender, horn-like proc-
esses; antennw 10-jointed; form oval, moderately elongate.
XVI. DorcaToMa.
ff. Prosternum truncate and emarginate behind; antenne S-, 9 or 10-
jointed.
g. Eyes minutely emarginate; elytra without strive on the disk;
form broadly oval. XVII. EUTyListts.
gu. Eyes deeply and acutely incised, the notch extending to or be-
yond the middle; form nearly globose. XVIII. Cx#Nocara.
XII. Peranivm Lee. 1561. (Gr., ‘‘a leaf.’’)
Small, parallel more or less elongate, rather strongly convex
species, having the antenne 11-jointed, about one-third the length
of body. joints 9 to 11 together as long or slightly longer than all
preceding ; thorax as wide as elytra and with a short curved, deeply
impressed Jine on sides behind the front angles; strongly excavated
beneath for the reception of the head: prosternum short. front
coxmw widely separated; second ventral segment as long as the three
following united.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PETALIUM.
a. Punctures of elytral rows strong. close-set and distinct quite to apex,
the two lateral rows not much deeper than those on disk.
1665. SERIATUM.
aa. Punctures of elytral stris finer, less close-set and becoming nearly obso-
lete on apical third. the two lateral rows conspicuously deeper.
1666. BISTRIATUM.
1665 (——). PETALIUM SERIATCM Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. NXXI,
1905, 215.
Moderately elongate. Brown, distinctly though sparsely pubescent. Head
and thorax densely punctate throughout; the latter with disk a little promi-
nent, with well-defined oblique impressions each side, its front margin
878 PAMILY XLJII.—PTINID.2.
thickened and refiexed. Elytra punctate as mentioned in key, the intervals
with fine, confused punctures. Width of front of head less than the verti-
cal diameter of the eye in male; a little greater in female. Length 2-
2.3 mm.
Vigo and Orange counties; scarce. May 14-June 1. Taken by
sweeping vegetation in low ground. Larger and a little stouter
than the next, always brown, never black as there, with the eyes
relatively larger and the front narrower than in the corresponding
sex of bistriatum.
1666 (5283). PETALIUM BISTRIATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 172; ibid. IJ, 281.
Moderately elongate, sides parallel. Black or dark reddish-brown, feebly
shining, pubescence fine and sparse, legs and antennse usually paler. Tho-
rax with disk slightly elevated at middle, and with oblique impressions each
side; front margin thickened and evidently reflexed, surface finely and
densely punctured, hind angles sharply defined. Elytral strise not impressed
except the two marginal ones, which are deeply so; intervals very finely
and sparsely punctulate. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 1—July 12. Taken by
sweeping or beating low vegetation.
XIII. Evpacrus Lee. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘well+joined.’’)
Elongate-oval, very convex species, either glabrous or with very
fine, short, appressed pubescence. Antenne 11-jointed, first joint
large, curved; sccond scarcely narrower and much smaller; third
much narrower, elongate-triangular; fourth to eighth as wide as
third; ninth much wider, compressed and equal to 3 to 8 united;
tenth and eleventh closely united, forming an oblong mass, rounded
at apex. Thorax narrowed in front, deeply excavated beneath,
side margins very narrow, not visible from above; elytra irregularly
punctate, very rarely with diseal striv ; first ventral seement deeply
excavated throughout, segments 2 to + gradually decreasing in
length, fifth longer.
1667 (5286). Eupactus nivipts Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 236.
Elongate-oval, strongly convex, not quite twice as long as wide. Black
or dark reddish-brown, polished, surface entirely glabrous. Thorax strongly
narrowed in front, sides nearly straight; punctuation simple, sparse and
rather fine on disk, closer and coarser on sides. Hlytra wholly without
strive. Last ventral segment with a deep marginal impressed line or groove.
Length 2-3 mm.
Knox and Posey counties; rare. July 2-July 2.
VHH DEATH-WALUH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 879
1668 (——). Evupactus onso.tetts Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXI,
1905, 220.
Narrowly oval, nearly two and a half times as long as wide. Brown,
subopaque, finely and feebly pubescent. Thorax rather coarsely and closely
punctate on sides, more finely at middle. Elytra with obsolete rows of
closely placed punctures on disk; marginal strie two, feebly impressed and
marked by punctures toward the base, with a short inner third stria com-
posed of punctures. Length 2-3.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. July 9. A species of southern range.
Theca profunda Lee., elongate-oval, piceous, antenne, legs and
abdomen reddish, length 2-2.5 mm., is known from Michigan.
XIV. Catorama Guer. 155i). (Gr., ‘‘downward + to view.’’)
A large genus of small, broadly to narrowly oval, convex species,
clothed above and below with short appressed pubescence. An-
tenne 10-jointed; first joint larger, second much smaller, obconic;
third to seventh very small, about as long as wide; eighth large,
triangular, as long as the six preceding united; ninth similar to but
slightly smaller than eighth; tenth longer, oval. Thorax evenly
convex; muderately strongly curved each side at middle, sinuate
each side, front angles acute, hind ones broadly rounded; elytra
irregularly punctate, usually with two marginal strie extending
from middle to apex, one or both of these often lacking. Meta-
sternal process produced into a stout acuminate hook, curved back-
ward and clasped by the mandibles in repose; first ventral segment
excavated for the reception of the hind feet and nearly concealed
by them; segments 2-4 decreasing a little in length, the fifth longer.
Seven species have been taken in Indiana, while three additional
ones may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CATORAMA.
a. Front tibiz with only a single well-defined groove on the outer face;
metasternum not carinate; color varying from red-brown to piceous
brown. VENTRALE.
ad. Front tibie# with two grooves on the outer face.
bo. Middle tibis with an evident marginal groove.
c. Metasternum carinate; form strongly elongate; color brown.
; 1669. PUNCTATUM.
ce. Metasternum not carinate.
d. Punctuation of upper surface fine and close throughout, coarser
punctures absent; elytra piceous, head, thorax and under sur-
face reddish-brown. 1670. DICHROUM.
dd. Punctuation of elytra of two kinds, the surface finely punctulate
with coarser punctures intermixed.
" [5G+23402]
SSO) FAMILY NXQJU.—PTINID.E.
ce, Color black or nearly so; punctuation relatively sparse; sur-
face shining. 1671. NIGRITULUM.
ce. Color rufous to piceous, usually some shade of brown; punc-
tuation closer; surface less shining.
f. Form inore elongate. twice as long as wide; pubescence finer
and shorter; profile not in the least gibbous.
1672. VEXATUM.
ff. Form more oval, about three-fifths as wide as long; pubes-
cence more conspicuous. 1673. GRAVE.
bb. Middle tibise without marginal greove.
y. Pubescence exceedingly short, sparse and indistinct; color chestnut
brown to blackish. 1674. CASTANEUM.
gg. Pubescence normally developed.
h. Form evidently gibbous in profile, elytra not parallel; coarser
punctures scarcely visible on any part. BOREALE.
Wh. Form not gibbous in profile, elytra parallel.
i. Inner lateral stria of elytra feeble or indistinct; size smaller,
under 2 mm., and more elongate; coarser punctures lacking.
GRACILE.
ii. Lateral strice of elytra well developed ; size medium, 2-2.7 mm. ;
coarser punctures evident on elytra and sides of thorax.
1675. CONFUSUM.
C. ventrale Lec., parallel, twice as long as wide, length 2-2.4
mm., has been reeorded from Cincinnati.
1669 (S308). CaToRAMA PUNCTATUM Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865,
240.
Elongate, subeylindrical, more than twice as long as wide. Uniform
reddish-brown, ratber finely and sparsely pubescent. Elytra densely and
rather finely punctured. Front tibis with two deep grooves, middle tibize
with one. Length 2.1-2.8 mm.
Marshall and Marion counties; rare. May 22-June 10. Ranges
from Indiana south and southwestward.
1670 (——). CaToraAMaA DIcHROUM Fall, ‘Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XNNI.
1905, 240.
Oblong-elliptical, twice as long as wide. Piceous brown; head, thorax
and ventral surface reddish-brown. Upper surface finely, evenly and rather
closely punctulate throughout. Eighth antennal joint broadly subquadrate.
triangular, nearly as wide as long. Metasternum with coarser and fine
punctures intermingled, the former reaching the sides. Length 1.8-2.5 mm.
Marion County; searee. April 6.
1671 (5818). CaTorAmMa niGRIrULUM Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865,
241.
Elongate-oval, moderately robust, less than twice as long as wide, not
narrowed behind. Black or piceous; pubescence sparse and very fine. Head
and thorax finely, closely and evenly punctulate without intermixed coarser
punctures. Elytra finely punctulate with seattered larger punctures. Eighth
antennal joint broadly triangular. Length 1.7-2.4 mm.
Vermillion and Lawrence counties; searce. May 24June 13
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 881
1672 (——). CaToraMa vExATUM Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXI,
1905, 245.
Oblong-elliptical, twice as long as wide; pubescence fine and rather
sparse. Brown, nearly uniform. Coarser punctures variable, but usually
moderate in size and not prominent. Wighth antennal joint slightly longer
than wide, quadrate-triangular. Metasternum punctured from side to side.
Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
Knox, Orange and Crawford counties; scarce. May 28—July
26. Resembles grave closely. but distinctly more elongate, with
sparser, shorter pubescence, less flattened eyes and without im-
pressed front.
1673 (5809). CaToRAMA GRAVE Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, 72.
Oblong-elliptical, quite robust, slightly less than three-fifths as wide as
long. Uniform dark brown; pubescence rather plentiful but not concealing
the punctuation; coarser punctures distinct throughout, moderate in size.
Eighth antennal joint triangular, a little longer than wide. Length 2.5—
3.5 mm.
Posey County: rare. May 11-June 4. Our largest and most
robust species of the genus. It and the other species are mostly
taken by beating vegetation.
1674 (10,155). CATORAMA CASTANEUM Hamilton, Can. Ent., 1893, 307.
Oblong-elliptical, distinctly more than half as wide as long. Dark red-
dish or chestnut brown, highly polished; pubescence of elytra very short
and sparse. Thorax finely and sparsely punctulate at middle, more coarsely
on sides. Elytra with coarser punctures evenly distributed on disk but
showing a tendency to be in rows on sides. Eighth antennal joint triangu-
lar and as wide as long in female, transverse and subquadrate in male.
Length 1.5-2.5 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Tippecanoe counties; scaree. June 11-
July 12. Readily known by its color and shining surface. Ocewrs
on huckleberry (Vaccinium) and other low bushes.
C. borcale Lec., piceous, length 2.3-3 min., is recorded from
Michigan and Ohio. and ( gracile Fall, reddish-brown, length 1.7
mm., was described from near Cincinnati.
1675 (——). CaToramMa conrustm Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc... XXXI,
1905, 252.
Oblong-elliptical, about three-fifths as wide as
leng. Dark piceous brown, pubescence medium in
length; coarser punctures numerous and rather
large at the sides of the therax and on the elytra.
Eighth antennal joint quadrate-triangular, little
more than one-fourth longer than wide. Metua-
sternum rather strongly punctate at middle, the
sides without punctures. Length 2-2.7 mm. (Fig. 9 4
348.) § ‘
Throughout the State; frequent. April Fis 348. x 10}. Original.)
26—Tuly 4. Beaten from low vegetation along roadsides.
S82 FAMILY XLUI.—PTINIDH.
XV. Prorpeca Lec. 1865. (Gr., ‘‘first+case or box.’’)
Oblong-oval species clothed with semierect pubescence; thorax
wider than long, gradually narrowed in front, sides nearly straight,
hind angles rounded, front angles rectangular and sharply de-
fined. ‘Two species are known, one of which has been taken in the
State, while the other probably occurs.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PROTHECA.
a. Antenne 9-jointed; punctures of elytral series coarser, distinct to apex.
1676. PUBERULA.
aa. Antenne 11-jointed; punctures of elytral rows fine, obsolete behind the
middle. HISPIDA.
1676 (5319). ProrHrca PUBERULA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865,
241.
Oval, less than twice as long as wide. Dark brown, moderately shin-
ing; pubescence inclined, fine and rather sparse. Antenne 9-jointed, the
seventh to ninth joints forming a broad club, longer than the preceding
united. Thorax rather coarsely but not deeply punctate, the punctures
closer on the sides. Scutellum as long as wide. Elytra feebly striate, the
punctures of the strie rather coarse and close. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.
Marion and Knox counties; rare. June 8-November 17. Taken
on the later date by sifting.
P. hispida Lec., brown, length 1.6-2.4 mm., is recorded from
Ohio and Michigan.
XVI. Dorcatoma Herbst. 1792. (Gr., ‘“deer + joints.’’)
Small oval or moderately elongate convex species, having the
antenne 10-jointed, the first joint large, ear-shaped; second much
smaller, dilated at middle; third to seventh narrower and very
small; eighth to tenth forming a broad elub, much longer than all
the preceding; the tenth oval, one-third longer than ninth, more or
less curved and rounded at tip. (Fig. 3, No. 6.) Thorax evenly
convex, sides nearly straight. Prosternum short, coneave, pro-
duced behind into two long more or less widely separated horn-
like processes which fit into cavities in the mesosternum, these vis-
ible only when insect is unfolded. Elytra with two nearly entire
marginal stri and sometimes a short basal third stria. Two of
the three known species occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DORCATOMA,
a. Pubescence crect ; size smaller, not over 2mm.; elytra finely punctate
1677. SETULOSUM.
aa. Pubescence of upper surface recumbent; size larger, 2.5-3 mm.: elytra
;
more coarsely punctate, 1GTS, DRESDENSIS
THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 883
1677 (5321). Dorcatoma sETULosUM Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865,
242.
Oval, moderately elongate. Black, shining; pubescence sparse, short,
erect; antenne and legs paler. Head and thorax finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra with somewhat coarse punctures in more or less regular rows;
submarginal striz two. Under surface finely punctate. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. June 3—July 2.
1678 (5323). DorcaToMA DRESDENSIS Herbst., Kafer, IV, 1792, 104.
Oval, moderately elongate, convex. Black, shining, clothed with fine,
recumbent grayish pubescence; tibize more or less reddish; antenne and
tarsi paler. Joints of antennal club emarginate on their apical edge in
female, so deeply emarginate as to become branched in male. Thorax short,
with sides strongly convergent and nearly straight; surface finely punctate.
Elytra with well marked trace of third lateral stria; surface with punc-
iures distinctly coarser and usually closer than those of thorax. Length
2.5 -3 mm.
Knox County; rare. June 9—July 9.
XVII. Evryristus Fall. 1905.
Form more broadly oval than in Dorcatoma, the prosternum
broadly truncate and notched behind and the fifth ventral segment
relatively longer. The antenne vary in the number of joints
present, there being from eight to ten, according to species. But
one species has been taken in Indiana, though another probably
occurs.
1679 (5330). EtTyListtUs INTERMEDIUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
AVIT, 1878. 411.
Broadly oval. Black, shining. sparsely clothed with suberect grayish
pubescence; mouth and legs more or less reddish-brown. Head sparsely
punctulate; thorax finely but more closely punctate. Elytra with irregular
rows of rather strong punctures and with two entire lateral strie, which
are nearly equally deep from base to apex. Ventral segments finely and
rather closely punctate, their sutures deep and scarcely or feebly curved at
middle. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.
Vermillion, Putnam, Knox and Lawrence counties; searce.
June S—July 4. Antenne 8-jointed.
E. incomptus Lee., brown or piceous. elytra finely and closely
punctate in longitudinal bands, length 2.2-2.5 mm., is known from
Michigan and Illinois. Antenne 10-jointed.
XVIII. Cxenocar, Thom. 1859. (Gr, ‘‘ordinary + bectle.’’)
Easily separated by their more globose form, deeply incised eyes
and second joint of antennal club, which is here narrow and but
S84 PAMILY XLIIT.—PTINID.1.
feebly dilated at apex instead of broadly triangular. The lateral
strie of elytra consist of two nearly complete outer and a third
inner basal stria which scarcely reaches the middle; antenne 9-
jointed. But two have been taken in the State, though two others
perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIAN. SPECIES OF CAZSNOCARA,
a. Pubescence relatively short and’ much inclined; antennal club in male
blackish, in female pale. SCY MNOIDES.
aa. Pubescence longer and erect; antennze pale in both sexes.
b. Eyes of male but little larger than in female, deeply, acutely incised
or nearly divided in both sexes; last joint of palpi broadly triangu-
Jar; punctuation rather sparse and coarse. 1680. ocULATA.
bb. Eyes of male larger than in female, the front narrower than longest
diameter of the eye.
e. Last antennal joint of male scythe-shaped, the tip acutely pointed ;
color black, head and thorax dark rufous. 1681. BICOLOR.
ec. Last antennal joint of male not curved; last joint of maxillary
palpi slender, subparallel. TENUIPALPA,
C. seymnoides Lee., black, length 1.8—-2.3 mm., ranges from New
England to Montana.
1680 (5526). Caexocara ocutata Say, Long's Exped. St. Peters, II, 1824,
273; ibid. I, 180.
Rounded-oval, strongly convex. Black, polished; head frequently ru-
fous; antenne and legs reddish-brown; pubescence grayish-yellow. Seventh
joint of male antenne as long as the five preceding. strongly produced on
its inner side; eighth nearly as long as the width of seventh; ninth four
times as long as wide, its outer edge broadly curved. Thorax sparsely and
finely punctate at middle, more coarsely and densely at sides. Elytral punc-
tures coarser than those of thorax. Fifth ventral segment as long as third
and fourth united. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 29-August 10. Occurs
on low vegetation in damp localities; also in small puffballs (Ly-
coperdon).
1681 (——). C.£NOCARA BicoLor Germ., Ins. Sp. Noy.. 1824. 19.
Form of vcilata, pubescence less distinctly yellowish. Black; head and
thorax dark reddish- brow n. Male with seventh antennal joint nearly as
strongly produced as in oculuta, the terminal joint scimetar- -shaped: eyes
larger. the front of head less than their longest diameter, cleft only to mid-
dle. Female with seventh joint triangular, the terminal one scarcely curved ;
eyes smaller, widely separated and nearly divided as in veuluta, Length
1.5-2 min.
Lake and Knox counties; rare. May 290—July 2
out the eastern United States,
C. tenwipalpa Fall, form and color of oculata, length 1.3-1.8
mm., was deserihbed from Michigan and Tllinois.
Oceurs through-
1G eA warum assy vRUG STORE BEETLES. S85
Tribe VI. P’TILININI.
This tribe is composed of a single genus, seperated from those
preceding mainly by the characters given in the tribal key. The
head is deflexed, less retractile than in the preceding group; an-
tenn 11-jointed. serrate in female and branched in male.
NIX. Prmincs Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ‘‘feather.’’)
Small cylindrical specics. covered with short, fine appressed
pubescence. The antennae of male have the third joint eclongate-
cylindrical, with a basal process as long as the joint itself, and
joints + to 10 strongly flabellate or with long flat processes folding
like a fan; tarsi as long as the tibia, with the first joint as lony
as the two or three following. Two species have heen taken in In-
diana, while another probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTILINLS,
a. Side margin of thorax fine but well defined and even throughout; sub-
apical transverse carina of last ventral segment distinct.
1682. RUFICORNIs.
ad. Side margin of thorax irregularly granulate-serrate and not well de-
fined; subapical ventral carina nearly or entirely wanting.
b. Thorax equal to the elytra in width; branch of fourth antennal joint
of male scarcely three times the length cf joint; scutellum elongate.
finely and densely rugose. LOBATUS.
bob. Thorax a little narrower than elytra; branch of fourth joint nearly
five times the length of joint; scutellum quadrate, coarsely rugose.
1683. PRUINOSUS.
1682. (5332). PTILINUs RUFICOBNIS Say. Juurn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., IIT.
3. 180; ibid. II, 110.
¢ Cylindrical, elytra not wider than thorax. Black or piceous, opaque.
usually paler in female; autenne and legs reddish-yellow, thighs often
darker. Branch of fourth joint of male untenne six or seven times the
length of joint. Thorax slightly wider than elytra. widest before the base.
sides brvadly curved, hind angles rounded, front ones rectangular, front
margin rather strongly rounded, narrowly reflexed at middle; surface finely
granulose at base, more coarsely in apical half; median line feebly im-
pressed. terminating at base in a feeble. smooth protuberance. Elytra a
little more than twice as long as thorax and a little less than twice as long
as wide, finely scabrous and rather closely and distinctly punctured. Length
3-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 11—December 25.- Oc-
curs on dead branches of oak and maple, into which the larve bore.
P lobatus Casev, dark piceo-castaneous, antenne paler, length
3-5 mm., is recorded from Ohio.
886 FAMILY XLIV.-—BOSTRICHID.E.
1683 (——). [viILInus PRUINOSUS Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, 1898, 63.
Form of ruficornis. Uniform black, opaque, antenna and legs reddish-
brown. Branch of third antennal joint one-half longer than the joint. Tho-
rax a little narrower than elytra, the side margins plainly serrulate through-
out, median line finely impressed its full length, the small basal smooth
protuberance obsolete. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, male, or
searcely three-fifths longer than wide, female. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 20. Casey’s types were from ‘‘Indi-
ana’’ and Fall recognizes the species from Ontario.
Family XLIV. BOSTRICHID_E.
Tur PowpEr-post BEETLEs.
This family, as here limited, consists of elongate, robust or slen-
der species having the antennex 9- to 11-jointed, inserted at the sides
of the front; eyes small; labrum distinct; elytra’ entire; abdomen
with five free ventral segments; front coxe prominent, contiguous,
but little extended transversely ; tarsi 5-jointed, the first joint very
short and imperfectly separated from the second. All the species
live in dry wood, either in cylindrical burrows or beneath the bark,
and sometimes in such numbers that the timber is wholly destroyed
by them. About 45 species of the family are known from North
America, These are divided among two subfamilies, both of which
are represented in the State. They differ widely in character and
are placed together more for convenience and similarity of habits
than on structural grounds,
The principal papers treating of the North American species of
these subfamilies are as follows:
Horn.— ‘Revision of the Species of the subfamily Bostrichide
of the United States,’? in Proe Amer. Phil. Soe, NVIT,
1878, 540-555.
Casey.—‘ Coleopterological Notes—ITT,”’ in Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sei, VI, 1891, 12-16. A synoptical table of the genus
Lyctus is given.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF BOSTRICHID.
a. First ventral segment scarcely longer than those which follow; an-
tennal club 3- or +jointed. _ Subfamily 1. BostRIcHinaz, p. SSG.
aa. First ventral segment much longer than the others ; antennal club two-
jointed. Subfamily II. Lyerry.x, p. 891.
Subfamily I. BOSTRICHINAE.
Rather robust, oblong or clongate species, haying the head usu-
ally deflexed and protected hy the thorax; antenne widely sepa-
rated and inserted immediately in front of the eyes, upon or under
THE POWDER-POST BEETLES. 8a7
the frontal margin, the three outer joints always larger; front
coxe large, globose, subconical; spurs of middle and hind tibiw dis-
tinct : front tibie usually serrate and terminated by one long spur;
first joint of tarsi short, sometimes obsolete: fifth joint long, with
simple claws. Fuur genera are represented in the collection at
hand, while another probably occurs in the State.
» KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BOSIRICHIN#.
a. Thorax with distinct and entire side margins; head covered in part by
the thorax. I. ENbDECATOMUS.
aa. Thorax without side margins; head entirely covered by the thorax, the
latter usually roughened in front by small elevations.
4. Intermediate joints of antenne shorter than the first and second;
tarsi long, slender, first joint very short. II. SrNoxyLon.
bb. Intermediate joints of antennz longer than the first and second.
c. Tarsi as long as the tibiee, slender, second joint long.
d. Frout margined, at the sides at least. IIT. Bostrricnwus.
dd. Front not margined. IV. AMPHICERUS.
ec. Tarsi short. second joint not elongated. V. DINODERTS.
TI. Ewspecatomus Mellié. 1847. (Gr., ‘‘eleven —- joint.’’)
Head in vreat part covered by the thorax, the latter margined
from base to tip; antenn 11-jointed, with a loosely united 3-jointed
club; terminal spur of front tibie large and hooked; last joint of
tarsi very long. Two species are known from the Eastern United
States, both of which occur in Indiana.
KEY TO SPECIES OF ENDECATOMUS.
a, Under surface conspicuously granulate; male with two small tubercles
in front. 1684, RETICULATUS.
aa. Under surface obsoletely granulate; male without frontal tubercles.
1685. RUGOSUS.
1684 (5336). ENDECATOMUS RETICULATUS Hbst., Kafer, V. 79.
Elongate, rather slender. Dull reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed
with yellowish hair. Thorax broadly arched, sides rounded, disk with a
median impressed line, both it and the elytra granulate and pubescent as in
rugosus. Length 4.5 mm.
Two in Webster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Said to be an in-
troduced European species. Paler and more slender than rugosus,
and less densely pubescent above.
*1685 (5337). ENDECATOMUS RUGOStS Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IT,
1888, 26.
Elongate-oblong. Dark or piceous brown, opaque, covered with tufts
of pale brown, wool-like hairs. Thorax rather closely and coarsely granu-
888 FAMILY XLIV.-—BOSTRICTIIDAS.
late. Blytra with small granules arranged in a network of lines, the spaces
between them smooth, their summits with pale brown hairs. Length 4—
4.5 mm.
Southern half of State; common. March 9-December 21. Hi-
bernates. Occurs on woody fungi and beneath bark of trees and
shrubs; also at maple sap in spring.
Il. Srnoxyton Dufts. 1825. (Gr., ‘Sharm + wood.’’)
Cylindrical beetles having the head completely concealed from
above by the thorax, which is truncate in front, with the apical half
covered with sinall tubercles; elvtra obliquely truncate behind, their
surface punctate. One of the eleven species oceurs in the eastern
United States and Indiana.
1686 (5339). SINOXYLON BASILARE Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ILI,
1823, 121; ibid. IT, 181.
Cylindrical. Black; elytra dull red-
dish-yellow on basal third. Antenne
10-jointed ; last two joints of maxillary
palpi equal. Thorax very convex, slop-
ing downward on apical half, angles
rounded ; surface densely punctate, and
with numerous small tubercles in front.
Elytra bent downward nearly at right
Tig. 349. a, larva; b, pupa; c, beetle. angles on apical fourth, with three tu-
(After Riley.) bercles on each side of the declivity, the
latter coarsely punctured. Length 5.5-G mm. (Fig. 349.)
Fayette, Lawrence and Posey counties: scarce. May 23-August
23. Occurs beneath the bark of hickory, to the wood of which it is
said to be very destructive.
III. Bosrricuus Geoff. 1764. (Gr., “hooked + hair.’’)
Elongate, subeylindrieal species, having the joints of the anten-
nal club short, subglobose; hind angles of the thorax acute and
prominent. Three of the five known species have heen taken in the
State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BOSTRICHUS,
a, Thorax with two hooked processes in front.
b. Elytra with two cost. the surface clothed with patches of small ap-
pressed scales. 1GS7T. BICORNIS.
bb. Elytra with one short basal costa, the surface clothed with hairs
which are unevenly disposed in clusters. 1G88. ARMIGER.
aa, Thorax in front simply trumeate: pubescence of el viva in spots irregu-
. a b bal
larly arranged; elytra without traces of ridges.
1689, TRUNCATICOLIIS.
THE POWDER-POST REETLES. S89
1687 (5350). BostricHts Bicornis Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 91.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous, subopaque, clothed
with yellowish scales arranged in irregular patches. Tho-
rax prolonged in front in two hooked processes which are
serrate, the apex between them truncate; apical region
reughly granulate, basal half with smaller granules, me-
dian line distinctly impressed. Llytra bicostate, the in-
her costa stronger; surface deuscly and coarsely punc-
tured and clothed with yellowish scales in patches; tips
in male with an acute subsutural spine. Length T- '
12mm. (Fig. 350.) ard Shrek Rep. US.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 4-Sep- ™*=™
tember 20. Occurs beneath bark and in old fungi.
1688 (5351). Bostricutus arMicER Lec., New Spec. N. Am. Col., 1866, 100.
Form of bicornis, which it closely resembles. Elytra with trace of
inner costa at base; intervals tuberculate, especially near the suture; sur-
face clothed with longer hair-like scales arranged in patches. Length 7.5-
9 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 21. Taken by Dury at Cincinnati.
Probably throughout the State.
1689 (5352). BosrricHts TRUNCATICOLLIS Lec., New Spec. N. Am. Col., I,
1866, 101.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous, subopaque. Thorax slightly longer
jthan wide, apex seen from above, truncate, without processes; otherwise
as in bicornis. Elytra without coste or tubercles, surface densely and
coarsely punctured and clothed with patches of yellowish appressed hairs.
Length 7.5-10 mm.
Wells, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. June 4-July 5.
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of sycamore.
IV. Ampuicerus Lee. 1861. (Gr., ‘‘on both sides + horn.’’)
This genus differs from Bostrichus by having the front of head
not margined; joints of antennal club strongly compressed and
deeply bistriate from the apical margin; hind angles of thorax
rounded. One of the seven species occurs in Indiana.
1690 (5356). AMPHICERUS BICAUDATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 320; ibid. II, 180.
Cylindrical, moderately elongate. Piceous-brown, sparsely clothed with
recumbent pubescence. Thorax as long as wide, strongly sloping before and
behind, the front portion with many small tubercles and with two larger
hook-like processes; the basal half granulate. Elytra rather coarsely and
irregularly punctured, strongly sloping on apical fourth, the declivity
oblique, coarsely punctured, with moderately long processes each side in
male. Length 6.5-9 mm.
890 PAMILY XLIV.—BOSTRICHIDA.
Casey mentions Indiana as one of the localities from which his
specimens came. Horn states that it occurs ‘‘everywhere east of
the Rocky Mountains.’’ I have not seen it from the State. The
mature beetle is said to bore for feeding purposes in living twigs
of fruit trees and grape vines, never, however, ovipositing in such
twigs, but living as larve in the dead and dry wood of forest trees.
V. Drnoperus Steph. 1830. (Gr., “‘huge + neck.’’)
Species of cylindrical form having the tarsi short, the four basal
joints each about the same length and together nearly equal to the
fifth. The declivity of the elytra is normally convex, though some-
times flattened. Four of the eight known species may occur in In-
diana, though but two of them have been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DINODERUS.
a. Declivity of elytra convex, not acutely margined.
b. Margin of thorax coarsely serrate.
c. Head shining, smooth, granules small, flat; elytra polished or
strongly shining. SUBSTRIATUS.
ce. Head opaque, rather roughly granulate; elytra opaque.
1691. PoRCATUS.
bb. Margin of thorax feebly serrate; elytral punctures in regular rows;
color pale reddish- or chestnut-brown. PUSILLUS.\
aa. Declivity of elytra more or less flattened and acutely margined, the
marginal ridges short; second joint of antenne as slender as the
third. 1692. PUNCTATUS.
1601 (5358). DinopERus porcatus Lec., New Spec. N. Amer. Col., 1866, 101.
Elongate, cylindrical. Brownish, opaque, sparsely clothed with short
erect hair. Front opaque, roughly granulate. Thorax as long as wide,
slightly narrowed in front, margin conspicuously serrate; disk in front with
spiniform tubercles; its basal half rather densely tuberculate and with a
fine, smooth median line. Elytra with tubercles in rows. Length 3.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. May 23. Probably throughout the
State.
1692 (5363). DrnopERUS PUNCTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V
1826, 258; ibid. II, 320.
Hlongate, cylindrical. Piceous or blackish-brown, sparsely pubescent.
Thorax a little longer than wide, narrowed in front, margin very feebly ser-
rate, tuberculate as in porcatus. Elytra densely and irregularly coarsely
punctate; intervals not elevated ; declivity feebly conyex
at sides of apex. Length 4.5 mm.
Taken by Dury at Cincinnati, ¢ ‘asey’s specimens were in part
frem Indiana. Not represented in the collection at hand.
?
, acutely margined
THE POWDER-POST BEETLES. $9]
D. substriatus Payk., piceous, length 41.5 mm., is said to oceur
in the Northern States and Canada; D. pusillus Fab., length 3 mm.,
is an introduced species which probably occurs throughout the
United States.
Subfamily Il. LYCTINAE.
Elongate slender species, havine the head prominent, somewhat
narrowed behind the eyes, not covered by the thorax, which is
trapezoidai in form and has fine side margins; antenne 11-jointed,
with rounded club composed of two joints; front coxe entirely en-
closed and separated by the prosternum; hind ones widely sepa-
rated; first ventral seement much longer than any of the others.
The subfamily is represented by but one genus. Trogoxylon Lee.
having been merged with Lyctus by Casey.*
VI. Lyctus Fab. 1792. (A proper name.)
The characters of the subfamily Lyctine as above given apply to
the members of this genus. Four of the nine known North Amer-
ican species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LYCTUS.
a. Elytra with rows of large rounded, very shallow punctures; intervals
with a single row of punctures bearing yellowish hairs, which form
slightly raised lines; thorax with an elongate-oval median impres-
sion. 1693. STRIATUS.
aa. Elytra with smaller deeper punctures, usually arranged in more or less
distinct rows; thorax rarely with a median impression.
b. Thorax longer than wide, the front angles rounded.
1694. OPACULUS.
bb. Thorax not longer than wide.
ec. Front angles of thorax rounded; punctures of elytra in rows; color
piceous black. 1695. PLANICOLLIS.
ec. Front angles of thorax not rounded; punctures of elytra very fine
and dense, arranged irregularly. 1696. PARALLELOPIPIDUS.
1693 (5374). Lycrts striaTts Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844,
112.
Elongate, slender. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish
pubescence. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed behind, sides straight
nearly to apex; front angles rounded, hind angles distinct, surface coarsely
punctate, with a smoother median impression. Surface of elytra as de
scribed in key. Length 3.5-5 mm.
Marion and Vigo counties; frequent. April 25-May 22. Bred
from stems of hickory. Probably occurs throughout the State.
* Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1991, 12.
892 PAMILY XLIV.—OSTRICLUD.E.
1694 (5875). Tycrcs opacuLus Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1866, 103.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Blackish-pic-
eous or dark reddish-brown, very sparsely clothed
with yellowish hairs; head and thorax usually
darker than elytra. Thorax distinctly longer than
wide, much narrower than elytra, densely and
coarsely punctate; sides nearly straight, evenly
rounded into the front margin. BElytra with rather
coarse deep punctures arranged in regular rows.
Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Vig. 351.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-
June 17. Oceurs on dead limbs of oak and
Fig. 351. (Original. other trees.
1695 (5876). Lycrus PLANICOLLIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, 74.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Piceous-black, very sparsely and finely
pubescent. Thorax ax wide as long, slightly narrowed behind the middle,
front angles rounded, hind angles rectangular, side margins very finely ser-
rate; disk densely punctate, with an indistinct elongate median impression.
Blytra with rows of fine punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 11. The thorax is wider, flatter and
with a less distinet median impression and the punctures of elytra
much finer and deeper than in slriatus.
1696 (5376). Lycrus PARALLELOPIPIDUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1844, 112.
Elongate, subparallel. Dull reddish-brown, clothed with fine yellowish
pubescence. Thorax nearly quadrate, a little wider at apex than base, sides
almost straight, front angles subsuleate, hind angles rectangular; surface.
as well as that of head and thorax, very finely and densely punctured.
Elytra nearly three times as long and but little wider than thorax, the
sides nearly parallel. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Orange and Perry counties; frequent. May 16—June 1. Taken
while boring into the skinned portion of the trunks of living honey-
locust, Gledilschia triacanthos Ii. Smaller and much more slender
than any of the other species.
Family XLV. CUPESID-E.
THE CureEsip Bretrrs.
This small family is represented in the United States by hut
two genera and five species of elongate and somewhat flattened
beetles, having the elytra entire, with rows of large syuare punc-
tures and intermediate ribs, and the body covered with small
scales. They oceur beneath bark and about old frame or log houses.
The principal distinguishing characters of the family are the
11-jointed filiform, vigid antenne inserted rather close together
THE CUPESID BEETLES. 893
upon the front; the tuberculate head, stretched out forward and
suddenly constricted behind and attached to the thorax by a dis-
tinct neck; thorax small, quadrate, the side margins well defined ;
prosternum well defined with a slight point behind fitting into the
mesosternum ; front coxe small, not prominent, their cavities trans-
verse, open behind; mesosternum with the side pieces excavated for
the middle legs; hind coxe transverse, flat, suleate behind, receiving
the thighs in repose; abdomen with five free ventral segments; legs
slender, contractile; tibie without terminal spurs, tarsi 5-jointed,
spongy beneath, their claws sinple.
The name of the family is based upon that of the typical genus,
Cupes, which is derived from the Latin word of the same form
meaning ‘‘dainty’’ or ‘‘fond of delicacies.’? Why Fabricius gave
such a name to these heetles is not manifest, as the laryvie are said to
breed in decaying wood.
The principal literature treating of the family is as follows:
LeConte.—‘On the Cupeside of North America,’’ in Trans.
Amer. Entom. Soe., V, 1874, 87-88.
Casey.— ‘Synopsis of the Genus Cupes.’? in Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sei., TX, 1897, 637-638.
One of the two genera is represented in the eastern United
States by three species, one of whirh oceurs in Indiana.
I. Coupes Fab. 1801. (NT.., ‘‘fond of dainties.’’)
This genus has the flanks of the thorax excavated for the recep-
tion of the front legs and the eves strongly convex.
1697 (5382). CuPprs concotor Westwood. Zool. Journ., V. 440.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pale brownish or ashy gray, densely
covered with small scales; elytra with darker brown oblong dashes or
blotches, which form three indistinct undulated bands. Antennz nearly as
long as the body. Head with four feebly separated tubercles, with a nar-
row impressed line between them. Thorax wider than long, about half the
width of elytra; disk with a median longitudinal carina and a deep impres-
sion each side; side margins abbreviated near the front and hind angles.
Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures; intervals convex, the alter-
nate ones higher. Length 7-11 mm.
Lake, Wells, Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties, one specimen
from each. June 22—July 25. One was taken from the cavity of
a ripe apple, the others beneath bark. Say describe it as C. cin-
crea, stating that he had obtained numerous spectinens in the vicin-
itv of New Harmony, where it was common about old frame houses.
894 FAMILY XLVI.—LYMFXYLONIDZ.
Casey, loc. cit., described as new (. oculatus from Indiana, stat-
ing that it ‘‘differs from concolor by having the punctures of elytra
narrow and elongate. antenne less elongate and elytra more de-
pressed, with subobsolete first costa.’’ It is probably to be ranked
as a variety only.
Family XLVI. LYMEXYLONID 2.
Tub SHIP-TIMBER BEETLES.
This is another small family represented in North America by
only three known species. Thev are elongated, narrow beetles
with short serrate antenna, which are 11-jointed and inserted at
the sides of the head. Our species have the head deflexed, nar-
rowed behind, the eyes large; maxillary palpi four-jointed, stout,
very large and flabellate in the male; thorax with the side margins
well defined; prosternum short; mesosternum large, flat; meta-
sternum long, with narrow side pieces; elytra entire; front and
middle coxw conical, large, prominent, contiguous, their cavities
open behind; hind cox transverse, prominent on the inner side;
legs slender, moderately long. tibiae with small terminal spurs;
tarsi five-jointed. filiform, their claws simple.
The name of the typical genus, Laymerylon, is derived from two
Greek words meaning ‘‘to ruin’? and ‘‘wood,’’ the larve of the
best known European species, D. navale, causing great damage by
boring small round holes in ship timber. The genera being mono-
typic, there is no literature other than the isolated descriptions of
the species, two of which have been taken in Indiana, while another
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LYMEXYLONIDA
a. Elytra entire; length 10 or more mm.
b. Top of head with a small deep line at middle; abdomen with six ven-
tral segments. I. AHyrtecetus.
bb. Top of head without visible line; abdomen with five ventral seg-
ments. II. LyMrxyton.
aa. Elytra a little shorter than abdomen; length less than 3 mm.
MIcROMALTHUS.
I. Hyvecerus Lat. 1806. (Gr., ‘‘wood +bed.’?), _
This genus is represented in the eastern United States, including
Indiana, by the single species:
1698 (5384). Hyrecarus Lucusris Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
Y 166; ibid. II, 642.
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and prosternum rufous; elytra and
mesosternum black; abdomen and legs yellow; antenne black, one to three
THE SHIP-TIMBER BEETLES. 895
of the basal joints dull yellow. Body punctured, with short hairs; thorax
with an indented line; scutel glabrous and carinate in the middle; elytra
with slightly elevated lines. Length 10-12 mm.
The above is a modification of Say’s original description. He
took it from the vicinity of New Harmony, where he ‘‘observed it
in considerable numbers on the 16th of April, flying about a pros-
trate sugar maple and running briskly upon it. It is infested by
a species of ‘‘Gamasus,’’ (mite). A variety has the elytra dull
yellowish on the basal half. Not represented in the collection at
hand.
II. Lymexyion Fab. 1775. (Gr., “destroyer + wood.,’’)
This genus is also represented in the eastern United States hy
hut one species.
1699 (5385). LyMEXYLON SERICEUM Harr., Ins. Mass., 1838, 52.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pic- y
eous brown, clothed with very fine, silky,
yellowish pubescence; antennee, under sur-
face, tibie and tarsi, paler. Antenne short,
half the length of head and thorax; third
joint longest, 5th to 10th bead-like. Thorax
twice as long as wide, broadly rounded in
front, hind angles rectangular; disk strongly
convex on basal half, surface densely and
rather coarsely punctured. Elytra with sides
nearly parallel, their surface finely, densely
and irregularly punctate. Length 11-13.5 mm.
(Fig. 352.)
Lake and Crawford counties; rare.
June 29-July 21. Taken from beneath
loose bark of oak logs.
Micromalihus debilis Lec., elongate, Fig. 352. (Original.
piceous, shining, antenne and legs yellow, length 2.2 mm., was
deseribed from Detroit, Michigan, where it occurred in August in
decaying wood.
Family XLVI. CIOID_E.
Tie Minute TREE-FUNGUS BEETLES.
Very small, subeylindrical black or brownish beetles, rarely ex-
ceeding 3 mm. in length, and having the head retracted, but not en-
tirely concealed by the prolonged thorax. In the males of some
species the head and front margin. of thorax are ornamented with
small, horn-like processes. The family name comes from that of the
[5723402]
896 PAMILY XLU.—ClwID.2.
typical genus, Cis, which is from a Greek word meaning ‘‘a worm
in wood or grain.’’ The beetles are mostly found under the bark of
trees and in dry and woody species of fungi, and are usually
eregarious. Some species occur in houses and are injurious in the
larval stage to books, furniture and old woodwork, which they
pierce with small round holes. The grubs which prey upon books
are known as ‘‘book-worms.’’
The principal characters by which the Cioide may be known are
the 8- to 10-jvinted antenne (11-jointed in ene genus), inserted at
the front margin cf the eyes, the last three joints larger, forming a
loose elub; eyes rounded, somewhat granulate; thorax with side
margins distinct, evlindrical, reunded in front, and frequently pro-
longed over the head. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen, the
latter with five free ventral segments, the first longer than the
others; front and middle coxe oval, not prominent, without troch-
antins, the cavitics small, separate, narrowly closed behind; legs
moderately short; tavsi four-jointed, joints 1-3 very short, equal,
fourth long with simple claws.
The principal available paper treatine of the North American
species is that by
Casey.— ‘Studies in the Ptinidw~, Cividu and Sphindidw of
America,’’ in Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., VI, 1898, 61-93.
Of the nine genera recognized by Casey, representatives of seven
have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CIOLDAs.
a. Antenne with last three joints larger, forming a loose club.
bd, Antenne 10-jointed.
c. Prosternum simple or nearly so.
d. Body with distinct erect bristly hairs: front tibise usually pro-
duced and toothed on outer side at apex. iL. 2's
dd. Body glabrous or minutely pubescent; front tibize not toothed
or produced; body elongate; head and thorax simple in male.
II. Orrwocts.
ce. Prosternum carinate along the middle; body either glabrous or
with short decumbent pubescence. IIlf. XeEsrocis.
bb. Antenne &- or 9-jointed ; body glabrous.
(. Irront tibie thickened and rounded on the outer side.
f. Antenne 9-jointed ; hody narrow, eylindrical.
TV. TENNEARTITRON.
fy. Antenne S-jointed. Vo. CERACIS,
ee, Front tibiie narrowly triangular, the outer edge straight and
mninitely spinulose: antennre jointed. VIL) OcloreaNus.
ad, Autlenme with joints 5 to 11 forming a large pectinate mass, 11-jointed :
elytra suleate. VIT. Rurerpanprus.
Saad |
1s aUunvim anee-ruGUS BEETLES, 89
I. Crs Latr. 1798. (Gr., “fa worm in wood.’’)
This genus is sufficiently characterized in the above table.
Casey recognizes 22 species, mostly from the Western and Southern
States. 19 of which he deseribes as new. Of these but four have
been taken in Indiana. while three others are herewith described
for the first time.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CIS.
a. Hairs of elytra stiff and bristle-like, sometimes very short and subde-
. pressed.
b. Elytra deeply punctured throughout, some or all of the punctures
arranged in rows: apical augles of thorax obsolete; body narrow,
parallel.
c. Elytral punctures deep. nearly uniform in size, all bearing hairs;
eolor dark reddish-brown or piceous. 1700. CREBERRIMUS.
ec. Elytral punctuation dual, consisting of finer, deeper, seta-bearing
punctures, with larger shallow nude punctures intermixed; color
black, shining. 1701. FAL.
bb. Elytra with none of the punctures arranged in regular rows; usually
with larger shallow ones mingled with smaller and deeper ones,
which bear the setie.
d. Elytra with distinct stiff yellowish bristlelike hairs arranged in
rows; body stouter, more convex.
e. Thorax of male without a prominent suberect lobe in front.
f. Elytra rugulese, the punetures indistinct; third joint of an-
tenne longer than fourth. 1702. FUSCIPES.
ff. Elytra but slightly rugulose. the large shallow punctures very
evident; third joint of antennze equal to the fourth.
1703. CHEVROLATII.
ce. Thorax of male with a prominent suberect lobe in front; clypeus
with two distinct triangular teeth. 1704. CORNUTUS.
dd. Elytra with very short. scarcely evident, bristles; body narrow,
parallel. 1705. CONFUSUS.
aa. Hairs of elytra long, slender, not bristle-like. but erect and conspicuous;
elytral punctures confused; last joint of maxillary palpi acutely
pointed. 1706. URSULINA.
1700 ¢5388). Crs CREBERRIMUS Mellié, Ann. Ent. France, VI, 1548. 357.
Oblong. subcylindrical, narrow. parallel, more or less depressed. Dark
reddish-brown; antenne and legs dull brownish-yellow. Thorax wider than
long, sides feebly rounded into the front margin; surface densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Elytra with prominent stiff and bristle-like yellowish
hairs, arranged in rows: densely punctured, the punctures nearly uniform
in size. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; Lake County, rare. March
4-October 1. Occurs on fungus-covered stumps beneath bark;
taken also by sifting.
898 FAMILY XIVII.—CIOID&.
1701 (——). CIS FALLI sp. nov.
Broader, more convex than ercberrimus. Black, shining; antenne and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax with front margin broadly rounded and slightly
prolonged, the surface much more coarsely punctate than in creberrimus.
Elytra with pubescence shorter and much less distinct than in that species;
the punctures differing in size, the larger ones, especially those close to the
suture, forming indefinite rows. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; scaree. April 11-September 20.
Taken beneath bark of wild cherry stump in open pasture; also in
woody fungi, and debris of beech stumps.
1702 (5389). Cis ruscipes Mellié, Ann. Entom. France, VI, 1848, 271.
Oblong, subcylindrical, convex. Piceous black to dark reddish-brown,
feebly shining, antennse and legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than long,
the apex prolonged and broadly rounded over head, surface finely and
evenly punctured. Hlytral bristles moderate in length and in distinct rows;
punctures fine, rather sparse and indistinct, being hidden by the small
transverse wrinkles. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Southern half of State, common; less so in the northern coun-
ties. January 11-November 28. Occurs beneath bark of logs and
in fungi.
1703 (5393). Crs ciEvROLATI Mellié, Ann. Entom. France, VI, 1848, 249.
Form and size of fuscipes. Dark chestnut brown, feebly shining; legs
and antenne paler. Thorax with front angles distinct but less prominent
than in fuscipes, surface finely and densely punctured. Larger punctures
of elytra distinct, not in rows, the pubescence shorter and less prominent
than in fuscipes. Length 3 mm.
r
Vigo County; rare. January 7. One specimen from beneath
a chunk near the border of a swamp.
1704 (——). Crs coRNUTUS sp. nov.
Oblong, subeylindrical, robust. Dark reddish- or chest-
nut-brown, very thickly clothed with stiff, erect yellowish
hairs; beneath piceous, the legs and antenne paler. Front
coneave; clypeus with two prominent triangular teeth, their
tips obtuse. Thorax onethird broader than long, sides
rounded; hind angles obtuse, front ones distinct, acute; disk
convex, finely and rather sparsely punctured, and with a
broad, slightly recurved and notched horn-like lobe arising
Fig ae an from the front margin. HElytra with rather coarse deep
(Original.) punctures, none of them in rows. Length 2.2 mm. (Fig.
353.)
Described from a sinele male taken from a fungus-covered
stump near Grand Chain, Posey County. April 9. More robust
but a little shorter than fuscipes, with longer and more dense
pubescence, and remarkable for the processes of clypeus and thorax.
THE MINUTE TREE-FUNGUS BEETLES. §99
1705 (——). CIs CONFUSUS sp. nov.
Resembles creberrimus in form and size. Piceous, the head and front
of thorax tinged with reddish; legs, mouth parts and antenne reddish-
brown. Thorax very slightly broader than long, narrowed in front, sides
strongly rounded into the base, front angles obtuse, disk coarsely, deeply
and evenly punctured. Elytra more finely punctured than thorax, the punc-
tures deep and evenly distributed, but not in rows; the bristles very short,
searcely distinct. Length 2 mm.
Marion and Perry counties; rare. April 4-October 31. Taken
by sweeping low herbage. The front angles of the thorax are less
prominent, its surface more coarsely punctured and the elytra are
less rugose than in the common fuscipes.
1706 (——). Cis uRSULINA Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., VI, 1898, 83.
Oblong, subcylindrical, robust. Uniform chestnut brown, shining, sparsely
clothed with long, slender hairs. Thorax convex, one-half wider than long;
sides broadly rounded; disk finely and rather sparsely punctate, and in male
bearing a short, emarginate lobe at apex. Elytra slightly wider and more
than twice as long as thorax; more coarsely and sparsely punctured than
there. Front tibise simple at apex, not dilated or produced. Length 1.5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 25. Deseribed from Alabama.
II. Orruocis Casey. 1898. (Gr., ‘‘straight + Cis.’’)
Elongate, parallel, glabrous species having the elytral suture
impressed and margined toward the tip; antennal club 3-jointed
rather small and ioose.
1707 (5400). OrrHocts PuNcTATUS Mellié, Ann. Entom. France, VI, 1848,
337.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, shining; legs and antenne reddish-
brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides almost straight, distinctly
margined ; angles all rounded, apex broadly curved; disk finely, deeply and
rather closely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, finely, irregu-
lariy and rather sparsely punctate, each puncture with a very minute sil-
very hair. Length 2.5 min.
Marshall County; rare. June 12. Sifted from debris of oak
log.
III. Xxsrocis Casey. 1898. (Gr., ‘‘smooth or dry + Cis.’’)
To this genus Casey ascribes jive species, having the proster-
num carinate and the front tibir strongly oblique and acute on the
outer side at apex. One of the five was described from Indiana.
1708 (——). XESTOCIS LEVETTEI Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc. VI,
1898, 85.
Suboval, glabrous. Very dark reddish-brown, polished. Thorax two-
fifths wider than long, simple and rounded at apex in both sexes; sides
900 FAMILY XLVII.—CIOID.%.
rather distinctly and evenly curved, feebly convergent from base to apex,
the margins very fine; surface minutely and rather sparsely punctured.
Elytra less than one-half longer than wide, narrowly rounded at apex, very
feebly rugulose, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Marion and Dubois counties; rare. April 4-October 31.
TV. Ennearturon Mellié. 1847. (Gr., ‘‘nine + joints.’’)
Small, smooth, cylindrical species having the antenne slender,
with feeble club. The thorax of the male is armed at apex with
two small, horn-like processes. Two species oecur in Indiana.
1709 (5404). EXNNEARTHRON THORACICORNE Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., II, 1845, 270.
Oblong-cylindrical, robust. Dark reddish-brown, rather strongly shin-
ing; mouth parts, antennex, tibie and tarsi paler. Front of clypeus in male
elevated, slightly recurved and broadly emarginate. Thorax of male con-
vex, sides rounded, surface finely and sparsely punctured; distinctly im-
pressed behind the processes, which are rather short and divergent; of
female less convex, more broadly rounded in front, slightly prolonged over
the head. Elytra very finely punctured and rugulose. Length 1.5 mm.
Steuben, Marion, Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties; fre-
quent. April 6-September 3. Occurs heneath moss and bark.
1710 (——). ENNEARTHRON OBLONGUS Sp. nov.
More slender and parallel than the preceding. Piceous black, strongly
shining. Thorax of male feebly impressed behind the processes, the latter
longer and less divergent than in thoracicorne; thorax of female more
strongly extended over the head; disk in both sexes finely alutaceous and
more evenly and coarsely punctate than in thoracicorne. Elytra more
coarsely and rugosely punctured. Length 1-1.5 mm.
Marion County; frequent locally. October 31—December 8.
Taken in numbers from beneath dry, leathery fungi on dead beech
trees.
V. Curacis Mellié. 1848. (Gr., ‘horn + worm.’’)
The members of this genus are very similar to those of Ennear-
thron, but the antenne are only 8-jointed, one of the small joints
near the middle being absent. One of the two species occurs in the
State.
1711 (5406). Crracts sauuer Mellié, Ann. Entom. France, VI. 377.
Oblong-cylindrical. Dull reddish-yellow; basal half of elytra blackish.
Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly curved from base to the
obtuse apical angles; disk rather finely and sparsely punctured and, in the
male, armed with a moderately long process which is deeply sinuate at
apex. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, about one-half longer than wide.
finely, sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 1.3 mm.
cT
THE MINUTE TREY-FUNGUS BEETLES. 901
Jackson County; rare. April 12. Taken by Dury at Cincin-
nati and probably occurs sparingly throughout the southern third
of the State, on fungus-covered logs.
VI. Ocroremnus Mellié. 1847. (L., ‘‘eight + eut or joint.’’)
Differs from Ennearthron by the characters given in generic
key and also by the more oval ontline of body and absence of male
sexual characters of head and thorax. One of the two species oc-
curs in Indiana.
1712 (——). OcToTEMNUs Lavis Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, 1898, 91.
Rather short and broadly oval, polished. Dull reddish-brown to black-
ish. Thorax but little wider than long, circularly rounded at apex, the
sides feebly diverging to base; front and hind angles broadly rounded; sur-
face finely, sparsely but distinctly punctured. Elytra one-half longer than
wide, distinctly wider than thorax and barely twice as long; surface with
a few scattered erect hairs on apical half, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length 1.3-1.6 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. March 6-Novem-
ber 10. Probably hibernates. Taken from beneath moss on trunks
of beech stumps.
VIT. Rurpipanprus Lec. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘a fan+male.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States and In-
diana by a single species, readilv separated from other members of
the family by the characters given in the key.
1713 (5407). RurmaNnprUs PAarapoxts Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805,
173.
Oblong-oval. Blackish or piceous brown; antennee and legs yellow.
Antenne with joints 5-11 strongly pectinate in male; gradually thickened
on the outer side, with the middle porticn subserrate in female. Thorax
one-half wider than long, hind angles rectangular, front angles rounded,
surface densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra finely but distinctly ribbed
or suleate, the depressions with coarse subquadrate punctures. Length 2-
2.8 mm.
Putnam County; rare. June 28. Occurs beneath bark of oak
stumps.
Family XUVITT. SPHINDIDUE.
Tue SpHiInpus BEETLES.
This family is represented in the United States by only three
small species, which occur in dry fungi on the trunks of trees and
logs. They have the head short,’ prolonged into a short, broad
muzzle; labrum distinct; antenne 10-jointed, inserted near the
902 FAMILY XLVIU.—SPHINIDIDA.
front margin of the eyes, the first joint large and stout, 3 to 7 slen-
der, small, the third as long as the two following, 8 to 10 forming
an oval, bifoliate club as long as the stem; thorax truncate before
and behind, with distinct side margins; prosternal sutures deep for
the reception of the antenne, which in repose are folded with the
club bent suddenly outward, behind the front leg; front coxee trans-
verse, small, the cavities separated by the prosternum, narrowly
closed behind; elytra entire, epipleura narrow; abdomen with five
free ventral segments; front and middle tarsi 5-jointed, hind ones
4-jointed ; claws small, simple.
The three species comprising the family represent as many dif-
ferent genera, and all probably occur in the State, though but one
has been taken.
KEY TO GENERA OF SPHINDID.E.
a. Sides of thorax with six or seven teeth, its flanks not concave; body
smooth. ODONTOSPHINDUS.
aa. Sides of thorax entire.
b. Body finely pubescent; flanks of thorax slightly concave.
I. SPuInpus.
bb. Body broadly oval, clothed with erect hairs; flanks of thorax deeply
concave. HURYSPHINDUs.
L. Spuinpus Chev. 1833. (NI.., a made word.)
This genus, sufficiently characterized ahove, is represented by the
single species:
1714 (5409). SpHINDUS AMERICANUS Lec., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866,
104.
Oblong, convex. Piceous-black, the elytra often dark brown; antennz
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly
rounded, disk convex, finely and rather closely punctate. Blytral striz
feebly impressed, coarsely but shallowly punctate; intervals finely punctu-
late; umbone prominent. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marshall and Marion counties; rare. May 20-June 7. Taken
from fungus on beech and sifted from devayinge linn stump. Prob-
ably occurs throughout the State.
The other two species of the family are Hurysphindus hirlus
Lec., 1.6 mm. in length, blackish-brown, pubescent with erect hairs,
and Odonlosphindus denticollis Lee., clonvate, subeylindrieal,
brown, and 2.7 mm. long. Both were described from neur Detroit
and have been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati.
KEY TO PAMILIES OF LAMELLICORNIA. 903
series TLV. LAMELLICORNIA.
All members of this series have the tarsi 5-jointed and the an-
tenne with three to seven of the terminal joints broader on one
side, so as to form a peculiar club, the parts of which are movable.
The front tibiew are dilated and strongly toothed or scalloped on the
outer edge. The larve live on decaying vegetable matter, roots or
dung. Two families comprise the series. both of which are repre-
sented in the State.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAMELLICORNIA.
a. Antenne usually elbowed, the outer joints or lamelle not flattened, but
prolonged on the inner side to form a pectinate club, the joints of
which cannot be brought closely together (Fig. 4, No. 18); elytra
entirely covering the dorsal surface of the abdomen, the latter with
five ventral segments visible at the sides.
Family XLIX. LtcaNnip#, p. (U5.
aa. Antenne not elbowed, the lamelle flattened and capable of forming a
compact club (Fig. 359); elytra usually leaving the pygidium un-
covered; six or seven yentral segments visible on the sides.
Family L. Scarap-£1D.£, p. 909.
Family XLIX. LUCANIDZ.
THe Stag Beerues. ‘‘Prncuine Bves.’’
A small family of large or medium-sized beetles distinguished
by having the outer joints of antenne leaf-like but not capable of
being opposed or folded together into a compact club, as in the
next family, the Scarabeidx, to which they are otherwise closely
allied. The ciuhs of the antenne are therefore pectinate, or comb-
toothed, rather than lamellate. In the majority of species the an-
tenn are elbowed or crooked, the second and following joints form-
ing an angle with the first. he common names, ‘‘stag beetles’’ and
‘pinching bugs,’’ are given them on account of the great develop-
ment of the mandibles, which, in the males of some species, are
branched like the antiers of a stag.
In addition to the characters above mentioned the Lucanide
have the mentum large, horn-like, quadrate (triangular in Vica-
gus) ; maxille usually covered and with two lobes, one or both of
which bears a fixed. horn-like terminal hook; antenne 10-jointed,
inserted under the margin of the front; elytra rounded at tip,
covering the abdomen, which has five free ventral segments; legs
904 FAMILY XLIX.—LUCANID.
fitted for digging; front coxe large, transverse, without trochantin,
the cavities closed behind; front tibie more or less toothed on the
outer side; middle and hind libiw each with two teeth on the
outer side; tarsi slender, 5-jointed; claws simple, with a short
bristle-bearing pad between them.
The name Lucanide is from that of the typical genus Ducanus,
which is derived from a Latin word meaning ‘‘to shine’’ or ‘‘sun-
rise,’’ in allusion to the glistening surface of the elytra in the mem-
bers of that genus. The adult beetles live by day in or beneath
decaying logs or stumps, and some of them take flight at dusk, when
they are often attracted in large numbers by electric and other
lights. Some of them are said to feed upon honey dew, or the exu-
dations of the leaves and bark of trees. They lay their eggs in
crevices in the bark of trees, especially near the roots, and the
larvee feed upon the juices of wood in various stages of decay. In
form the larve resemble the ordinary white erubs of the genus
Lachnosterna and they mature slowly, some of the large ones re-
quiring six years to complete their ¢rowth.
The principal literature relating to the North American species
is as follows:
Fuchs, Chas.—‘‘Synopsis of the Lucanide of the United
States,’’? 7 Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., V, 1882, 49-60.
Wickham, H. #.-—‘The Lucanide of Ontario and Quehee,’’ in
Can. Ent., XX-XT, 1899, 21-25.
Between 500 and 600 species of stag beetles are known. Of these
only nineteen species and several varieties, distributed among eight
genera, are recognized as belonging to the North American fauna.
Hight species, representing six genera, have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LUCANIDA,
a, Antenne elbowed at end of first joint, which is nearly or quite as long
as all the others united. (Fig. 4, No. 13.)
b. Elytra smooth or nearly so; front tibize with large teeth on outer
edge; size large, 20-35 mm. I. Lucanus.
bb. Elytra striate and punctate.
c. Kyes strongly notched by the margin of the head; front tibis ser-
rulate; size larger, 15-25 mm. II. Dorcvs
cc. Eyes entire or nearly so; size smaller, 10-12 mm.
It. Pratrycerus.
aa. Antenne straight (not elbowed).
d. Form oblong or elongate, sides parallel or nearly so; elytra striate
glabrous. ,
é. Front of head simply excavated or with a depression; size smaller.
not over 15 mm. IV. Crrucuus.
THE STAG BEETLES. 905
ee. Front of head with a short bent horn, pointing forward; larger,
30 or more mm. V. PASSALUS.
dd. Form short, oval. convex, the sides not parallel; elytra coarsely punc-
tured, not striate, pubescent. VI. NIcAGUS.
I. Lucanus Linn. 1763. (L., ‘‘to shine.’’)
Large, smooth, brownish species with very prominent mandibles,
which are most strongly developed in the males. The mentum, as
in the next two genera, is very bruad, completely covering the maxil-
le. Three of the four known species occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LUCANUS.
a. Mandibles of male as long as abdomen; female with black legs and
chestnut brown elytra. 1715. ELAPHUS.
aa. Mandibles of male as long as thorax. :
b. Mandibles each with one tooth on the inner side; head of male
broader than thorax; femora light brown. 1716. DAMA.
bb. Mandibles straight, with several teeth on inner side in male, two
ill-defined ones in female; head of male not broader than thorax;
femora dark brown or nearly black. 1717. PLACIDUS.
1715 (5411). LtcaNnts ELAPHUS Fab.,
Syet, Ent. 1798, 2.
Dark chestnut-brown, shining; legs
and antenne black or nearly so. Head
of male much wider than thorax, with
a strong crest above the eves; mandi-
bles very long, widely forked at apex,
the inner edge with numerous small
teeth; mentum of female comparatively
longer, much more quadrate and with
front angles much less rounded than in
those of female of dama. Antenne of
male more slender than in the other
species. Length of male (not including
mandibles) 31-40 mm.; of female
28 mm. (Fig. 354.)
A species of southern range.
represented in the collection by five
males and one female, taken in
Vigo, Monroe and Crawford coun-
ties. May 20-August 21. Occurs
about old oak stumps, though sometimes in gardens. The females
are very rare.
Fig. 354. Natural_size. (After Fuchs.)
4716 (5412). Lecants pama Thunb., Meimr. Mose., 1806, 198.
This species is sufficiently distinguished by the characters given in
key. It is the only one of the three which has light brown femora. The
906 FAMILY XLIX.-—LUCANID!.
elytra are smooth or very finely punctulate and the antenne of male nied
and comparatively shorter than in elaphus; mandibles of male twice the
length of those of female. Length 22-35 mm. (Figs. 355-356.)
pre
Wig. 355. Lucanus dama Fabr. Larva and cocoon.
(After Packard.)
Throughout the State; fre-
quent. May 10-July 16. It flies
by night with a loud buzzing noise
and is attracted by electric or house lights. The larve live in old
oak, beech, apple, willow or oak snags, and the freshly matured
beetles are often found about the roots and beneath the bark of
these trees in May and June. This and the next species are the
ones commonly known as ‘‘pinching bugs,’’ as when picked up they
often grab the fingers with their protruding jaws and hold on with
a strong grip.
Fig. 356. Natural size. (After Packard.)
1717 (5414). Ltcanus pLacipus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
202; ibid. II, 302.
From dama this species is known by the characters given in key and
by its piceous or very dark reddish-brown color. The mandibles are curved
only at tip, and they, as well as the entire upper surface, are more coarsely
and distinctly punctured. Length 19-32 mm.
Throughout the State; more common than dama. May 1—June
20. Occurs at electric lights and is abundant in season along the
beach of Lake Michigan.
II. Dorcus McLeay. 1819. (L., ‘‘antelope.’’)
Smaller, more parallel, and with the body more distinctly
pedunculate than in Lucanus. One species and two varieties are
known from the United States.
“1718 (5415). Dorcus PARALLELUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI,
1823, 248; ibid. II, 146.
Oblong, parallel. Dark brown, nearly black. Head and thorax shin-
ing, finely and sparsely punctulate. Mentum strongly transversely striate.
male; rugose, female. Males with head nearly as broad as thorax; mandi-
THE STAG BEETLES. 907
bles with a large median tooth which points obliquely inward and upward.
Elytra deeply striate, both stris and intervals finely and rather closely
punctured. Length 15-26 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 27-December 8. Hi-
bernates beneath old, partly burned logs. Occurs most commonly
in June and July about the roots of oak, linn and maple trees and
stumps, in the decaying wood of which the larve bore. The word
Doreus means antelope, and this species is sometimes called the
“‘antelope beetle.’’
Til. Puarycerus Geoff. 1764. (Gr, ‘broad + antenne.’’)
Small oblong beetles having the eves nearly entire instead of
being notched in front by the sharp side margin of the head; sixth
ventral segment visible; front tibie armed on the outer side with
numerous fine, saw-like teeth. The mandibles of the males incline
upward and are larger than those of the females.
1719 (5416). Piatycerts Quercus Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, S5.
Oblong, subdepressed. Blackish or dark reddish- __,,
brown. often tinged with brassy or greenish, shining. Qe
Mandibles of male as long as head and about 6-toothed ;
at tip; of female, much shorter. Thorax one-half wider |
than long, sides rounded, hind angles obtuse; surface
sparsely punctured, male; more densely and coarsely.
female. Elytra with three or four subobsclete striz é
next to suture, deeply and rather sparsely punctured.
Length 10-12 mm. (Fig. 357.) é ‘,
Throughout the State; common. March 25- —~ poe
Fig. 357. Line shows
October 29. Occurs beneath bark and logs. es- natural size.
pecially those of oak. Begins to emerge as imago the latter part of
March. Mates about May Ist.
IV Cerrucuus MeLeay. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘bearing a horn.’’)
Larger and more convex than Platycerus, with antenne straight ;
body subeylindrical and front coxe contiguous. The head of the
male is much broader and longer than that of female, and bears a
deep frontal excavation.
1720 (5422). CERUCHUS PICEUS Web., Obs. Entom., 1801, S4.
Subevlindrical, convex, highly polished. Piceous or dark reddish-brown.
Male with mandibles as long as head and with a very large median tooth
on inner side; head deeply striate on the sides; thorax and elytra finely
and rather sparsely punctuate. Female with mandibles half the length of
head, with three or four blunt teeth on inner side; thorax and elytra more
coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra shallowly striate in both sexes,
the strive subobsolete on the sides. Length 10-15 mm.
a
908 FAMILY XLIX.—LUCANIDZS.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 10-October 25. Occurs
in and about decaying beech, oak and other logs.
V. Passinvs Fabr. 1792. (Gr., ‘‘a post or peg.’’)
Mentum decply emarginate, the notch being filled by the large
horn-like ligula; antennm stout, not elbowed, but in repose so curved
as to appear so; body distinctly pedunculate, the scutellum in front
of the huse of elytra. One species occurs throughout the United
States.
“1721 (D424). Passarus cornutus Fab., Syst. Bleut., II, 1801, 256.
Elongate, somewhat flat-
tened. parallel, robust. Black,
shining. Head armed with a
short. bent hook. Thorax quad-
rate, angles rounded; disk
smooth, with a deep median
impressed line. Elytra deeply
striate, the striz finely punc-
tured. Length 32-36 mm. (Fig.
* Sas)
This well-known = spe-
cies, commonly known as
the ‘‘horn’’ or ‘‘bess-bee-
Fig. 358. a, larva: b, pupa; c. beetle; d, hind leg of larva, showing tle,”’ oe curs abundantly
atrophied joints; ¢, same, enlarged. (After Riley.) throughout the State. It
hibermates in its usual
abiding places, the juicy depths of half-decaved logs and stumps.
They are often utilized as horses by country children, the horn
furnishing an inviting projection to which may he fastened, by a
thread or cord, chips and pieces of bark to be dragged about by the
strong and never-lagging beast of burden. When tired of ‘‘play-
ing horse’’ they ean make of the insect an instrument of music;
for, when held hy the body, it emits a creaking, hissing noise, pro-
duced hy rubbing the abdomen up and down against the inside of
the hard, horny wing covers. The larva is remarkable in having
only the four front leys of normal size, the hind pair being aborted.
i January 11-November 26.
VIL Niescus Lee, 1861. (Gr, ‘te Jead in vietory.’’)
The only member of this cenus, usually placed amone the Seara-
beide, has been recently transferred to the present family. It
differs widely in appearance from the other Lueanide, more re-
sembling a nearly smooth Tror, The joints of the antennal elub
Mitts, Bee Blk hRES, 909
are, like those of the other Lucanida’, pectinate and not opposable,
but the triangular mentum, the small size of the mouth organs and
the form of body are distinctly Scarabeiad. The antenne are 10-
jointed, the club three-jointed, longer in the male than in female.
1722 (5611). Nicacts opscurts Lec., Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ser. 2.
I, 86.
Oval, convex. Piceous or dark brown, sparsely clothed with very short,
pale suberect hairs; entire upper surface coarsely and rather densely punc-
tured. Thorax one-half broader than long, widest at middle, apex one-
half narrower than bise. margins finely crenate, front angles prominent,
hind ores obtuse. Hlytra not striate, the pubescence more dense than on
thorax. Length 7-9.5 mm.
Vigo and Marion counties; scarce. May 1-June 7. Occurs
about piles of drift in damp, sandy localities. In the East it is said
to frequent the vicinity of dead mussels (MVnitos).
Family L. SCARABJARID A.
The LAMELLICORN BEETLES.
A very large family, comprising hectles that vary greatly in
size, form and habits. All agree, however, in having the antenne
ind in an oval eluh, composed of three to seven leaves or ‘‘lamel-
le.’? (Fig. 359.) These leaves can be folded
closely together so that in repose the club ap-
pears solid. It is this form of antennal club
which gives rise to the common name ‘‘lamelli-
corn beetles.’? Another character possessed hy
all members of the family is the form of the
front tibie, which are fossorial, or fitted for dig-
ging in the ground, being almost always broad,
compressed and strongly toothed or scalloped on
the outer edge. The tarsi of the middle and
hind legs are’ generally long and always five-
jointed. For tne most part the beetles are short,
convex and stout-bodied, the well-known ‘‘ June
bugs’’ or May beetles being familiar examples. _ Fig. 359. Antenna of a La-
mellicorn beetle, showing the
Taking this form in connection with the lamel- sructwe of club. (After
late antenne and fossorial legs, the members of .
the family are easily recognized.
In addition to the characters mentioned, the Scarabeide have
the antenne 7- to 11-jointed, usually 10-jointed, and inserted before
the eves under the sides of the front; abdomen with six (rarely
five) ventral segments; front and middle coxe large, transverse,
910 FAMILY L.— SCARAB EM.
the front cavities very large and ¢losed behind: hind coxe flat,
transverse; front tibie palmate; tarsal claws generally equal. rarely
wanting.
According to habits the adults of the Scarabeids are popularly
separated into two well-marked groups, known as the dung beetles,
or scavengers. and the leaf-chafers. The former have the legs stout,
the hind ones set far hack behind the middle of the hind-body.
They live upon putrefying or decomposing matter. such as the dung
of animals. decaying fungi and carrion. Of this group the com-
mon ‘‘tuwable-bugs’’ and skin beetles (Tror) are well-known ex-
amples. The leaf-chafers have the legs rather slender an with the
hind legs attached at or before the middle of the hind-body. They
feed either upon the leaves of trees or the pollen and petals of
flowers. the ‘‘rose-bugs’’ and May-heetles being familiar forms.
The larvee or gruhs of the lamellicorns are either white or yel-
lowish in hue, with a brown, horny head bearing prominent mandi-
bles. They are usually much wrinkled and enlarged toward the
hinder end. and when at rest lie partly coiled up. the tip of the ab-
domen almost touching the long spiny legs. Thev live in the
ground. in decaying wood or m excrement. Those which live in the
ground are known as ‘‘white-grubs.”’ and often do much damage to
the roots of grass. corn and other plants. They will be more fully
mentioned in connection with their adults on later pages. Those
which live in dung and other refuse matter render man much valu-
able aid by removing from sight and smell a ¢reat deal of filth.
The family Scarabeide comprises about 13.000 desrribed spe
cles. among them the largest beetles known, and is best represented
in warm or tropical countries. The name of the family is from the
Latin Searubeus or Scarab, meaning ‘‘a beetle.” The Scarab of
the ancient Egvptians was a sacred i belonging to this family,
which they held in high veneration. It was placed by them in the
tombs with their dead. Tis picture was often painted on their
stone coffins or sarcophagi and its image was carved in stone and
precious gems. The name scarab was also given hy them to a gem,
usually of emerald. green feldspar or obsidian, cut in the form of a
beetle and engraved on the under face. .
Abont 600 species cf the family are known from North America.
These are divided among three subfamilies. and these in turn into
tribes and genera. The literature is scattered among many papers.
mostly by Drs. LeConte and Horn, and will be mentioned under th-
tribal or generic headinys.
THE LAMELLICORN BERTLES. 911
KEY TO SUBFAMILIFES OF SCARADB-EID.L.
a. Abdominal spiracles situated in a line on the membranc connecting the
dorsal and ventral horn-like plates, the last one, like the others,
covered by the elytra; upper surface of head usually much dilated
on the front and sides; dung eating or skin beetles.
Subfamily I. Laparosticti, p. 911.
aa. Abdominal spiracles, except the front one or two, not situated on the
membrane above mentioned, the last one usually visible behind the
elytra; upper surface of head rarely dilated; vegetable feeding spe-
cies.
b. Abdominal spiracles in part situated on the superior portion of the
ventral segments, the rows of spiracles feebly diverging.
Subfamily II. MerLoLonrHtn.x. p. 947.
bb. Abdominal spiracles (excepting the three front ones) situated on the
dorsal portion of the ventral segments, forming two rows which
diverge strongly. Subfamily III. Prevurostictr, p. 980.
Subfamily I. LAPAROSTICTI.
In addition to the characters above given the Laparosticti, or
Coprophaga, as they are sometimes called, are distinguished by hav-
ing the suture separating the clypeus from the head distinct, and
not transverse but extending upward toward the vertex; club of
antenne consisting of only three joints. They all live on decompos-
ing matter, most of them in dung or fungi. The subfamily is di-
vided into eight tribes, six of which are represented in: Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF LAPAROSTICTI.
a. Abdomen with six visible ventral segments.
bd. Antenne with eight to ten joints; mandibles concealed by the cly-
peus except in the genera ./gialia-and Ochodeus.
ce. Hind tibiz with a single terminal spur (except in Canthon nigri-
cornis) ; form shorter, rounded; end of the abdomen exposed.
Tribe I. Coprint, p. 912.
ee. Hind tibise with two spurs; abdomen wholly covered by elytra;
size usually small.
d. Antenne 9-jointed; form oblong-convex or subcylindrical.
Tribe If. APrropIrnq, p. 920.
dd. Sntennze 10-jointed; form oval, convex. :
Tribe III. ORPHNINI, p. 935.
bb. Antenne 11-jointed; mandibles prominent, visible from above.
Tribe IV. GEOTRUPINI, p. 936.
ad, Abdomen with five visible ventrat segments.
e. Body partially contractile, rounded, smooth, shining; scutellum rela-
tively large. Tribe V. ACANTHOCERINI, p. 940.
ce. Body not contractile, oblong, convex, roughly sculptured; scutellum
small. Tribe VI. Trocint, p. 941.
[58—23402]
912 PAMILY L.---SCARAB.UID.E.
Tribe IT. COPRINI.
Beetles of rounded form and variable size, which live almost
exclusively in excrement or decaying fungi. They have the clypeus
expanded so as to cover entirely the mouth organs; the mandibles
principally membranous, with only the outer margin horn-like;
middle legs widely separated; elytra subtruncate at apex, leaving
the pygidium exposed. The tribe is subdivided into seven genera,
five of which are represented in Indiana. The principal literature
treating of the North American genera is by
Horn—'‘ Notes on Some Genera of Coprophagus Scarabeide of
the United States,’? i Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., III, 1870,
42-51.
Horn.—‘‘Synonymical Notes and Descriptions of New Species of
North American Coleoptera,’’ in Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soe., V,
1875. The genera Cheridium-and Onthophagus are treated
on pp. 137-144.
Blanchard, Frederick —‘On the Species of Canthon and Pha-
nevus of the United States, with Notes on other Genera,’ in
Trans. .Amer. Ent. Soe., XII, 1885. 163-172.
Scheffer, Chas —‘On Bradyveinetus and Bolhoceras of North
America, with Notes on other Scarabeide,’? in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Sve., XX NII, 1906, pp. 249-278.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COPRINI.
u. Middle and hind tibix, slender, curved, but little enlarged at tip; head
and thorax never horned in either sex. I. CaNntTHon.
aa. Middle and hind tibice much expanded at tip; males usually with horns
on the head or thorax.
b. Third joint of labial palpi distinct.
c. Size small, not over 7 mm.; front coxze very transverse, not promi-
nent. Il. CHariprum.
ce, Size larger, 10 tu 27 mm.: front cox:e short. prominent.
d, Front legs with tarsi; tarsal claws distinct : color black.
III. Coprts.
dd, Front legs of males without tarsi; all tarsal claws wanting; col-
ors metallic and green. IV. PHANEUS.
bb. Labial palpi 2-jointed ; sentellum invisible; size small, not over § mm.
VV. ONTHOPHAGUS.
L Cayrnon Hoffm. 1817; (Gr. “a kind of heetle.’’)
Black or bronzed insects often seen along country roads and
pathways, rolling halls of dung from place to place, hence popularly
known as ‘‘tumble-bugs.’? The balls are rolled often to a consider-
=
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 913
able distance, the long, slender, slightly curved hind tibie having
become modified and well adapted for
this work. The beetles work in pairs.
a male and a female together, and the
ball which they roll is often several
times as large as their combined size.
(Fig. 360.) They finally bury the
ball in the ground and the female
then deposits an egg in one side of it,
thus insuring the future larva a suit-
able supply of food. Comstock says
that ‘‘this is one of the instances,
rare among insects, where the male
realizes that he has some responsibil- Fig. 360. Canthon levis Drury. Male and
ity as a father, and assists the female _ female at work rolling a ball of dung.
in providing for the young. This
strange habit of rolling these halis has ovcasioned much speculation
as to its object, and has been the source of many superstitions, espe-
cially in ancient times. The only reasonable theory that we have
met is that. as many predaceous insects frequent the masses of dung
from which the balls are obtained, in order to prey upon the larve
which live there. the more inteliigent tumble-bugs remove the food
for their larve to a safe distance.’’ The sexes of Canthon are alike
in appearance and the elypeus has prominent teeth at the middle.
Five species have been taken in Indiana, while four others may
occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CANTHON.
a. Sides of thorax beneath without an entire transverse carina.
b. Clypeus with four to six teeth; hind thighs not margined in front;
size small or medium. 4 te 10 mm.; color black.
ce. Hind tibiz with two spurs. 1723. NIGRICORNIS.
ce. Hind tibize with one spur.
d. Subhumeral stria not carinate; surface coarsely granulate.
e. Hind femora with bristle-bearing punctures; thorax more
coarsely granulate. EBEXUS,
ee. Hind femora with fine sets. sparsely punctate; thorax more
densely, much less coarsely granulate. DEPRESSIPENNIS.
dd. Subbumeral stria carinate; surface not granulate, very smooth,
almost shining. PROBUS.
‘bb. Clypens with two teeth; hind thighs margined in front; size larger.
11-22 min.
7. Eyes larger; antenn:e reddish-brown. VIGILANS.
ff. Eves smailer; anteunze dark brown.
g. Thorax distinctly granulate; pygidium and last ventral segment
granulate, 1724. LEVIS,
914 FAMILY L.—SCARABAID.T.
gg. Thorax finely rugose without distinct granules; pygidium and
last ventral smooth. 1725. CHALCITES.
aa. Sides of thorax beneath with an entire transverse carina; size small,
46 mm.
h. Clypeus with two teeth; bright bronze or greenish. 1726. VIRIDIS.
hh. Clypeus with four distinct teeth; brown, bronzed, shining; eyes
larger. 1727. PERPLEXUS.
1723 (5425). CANTHON NIGRICORNIs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1828, 207; ibid. IT, 133.
Broadly oval. Black, subopaque, sparsely and finely granulate; head
and thorax often with a purplish reflection. Clypeus six-toothed, the two
front ones more prominent, flattened and slightly recurved, the others
smaller. Elytra with subobsolete strie. Length 6-9 mm.
Two specimens from near North Judson, Starke County.
July 13.
C. ebenus Say, deep black, length 7-10 mm., is known from
Maine and Pennsylvania to Kansas and Texas; C. depressipennis
Lec., greenish-black, length 7-10 mm., has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati; C. probus Germ., dull black, leugth 6 mm., occurs in Ken-
tucky and southward; C. vigilans Lee., length 17-22 mm., oceurs
from Pennsylvania and Ohio westward.
1724 (5435). Canruon Lavis Drury, Exot. Ins., I, 1770, 79.
Broadly oval. Usually dull black, tinged with cupreous; sometimes
(south and west) varying to deep blue and bright green. Readily known
by its larger size and distinct and rather dense granulations of thorax and
elytra. The teeth of clypeus are blunt and but little prominent. Length
11-19 mm. (Fig. 360.)
Throughout the State; common. April 23-September 29. This
is our most abundant and best known ““tumble-bug.’? From mid-
April until after heavy frosts it can be found along every roadside
or pathway where horses or cows have dropped their dung.
1725 (5436). Canrnon cuatcites Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I
1843, 304.
Form somewhat more robust, shorter and broader than levis. Upper
surface distinctly and uniformly bronzed; under surface and legs black,
moderately shining. Thorax finely and intricately rugose, not granulate.
Elytra granulate, but much more sparsely than in levis. Male with front
tibiee much Jonger and more curved and middle tibix distinctly longer than
in female. Length 13-20 mm.
’
Vigo, Knox and Posey counties: frequent. April 23-Septem-
ber 2.
1726 (5438). Cawruon viriprs Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 23.
Broadly oval or subrotund. Brouzed, strongly shining.
finely punctured. Elytra smooth or nearly so,
tibise slightly curved. Length 4-5 mm.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; scaree. May 11-July 1. Ov
Thorax very
obsoletely striate. Hind
THE LAMELLICORN BEWLLES. 915
curs beneath flat stones on hillsides near Wyandotte Cave. This
ind the next are the smallest species of the genus.
[727 (5439). CANTHON PERPLEXUS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ser. 2,
I, 1847, 85.
Broadly oval or subrotund. Brown bronzed, shining. Thorax rather
coarsely punctured. Elytra more finely punctured, each puncture bearing
1 very small, recumbent, scale-like hair. Hind tibie slightly curved. Length
1.5-5.5 mm.
Knox County; rare. July 8. <A single specimen from border
of cypress swamp. Known from Illinois and westward.
Il. Cserwrum Lep. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘a young pig.’’)
This genus contains two small, rounded species resembling
Hister in general appearance. They have the under side of thorax
transversely carinate and, as in the next three genera, the middle
and hind tibie much expanded at apex. By this character they
may be readily separated from the small species of Canthon. One
of the two has been taken in Indiana.
*1728 (5441). CHcC@RIDIUM HISTEROIDES Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 37.
Rounded, convex. Bronzed above; dark chestnut
brown beneath, strongly shining. Clypeus emarginate
or two-toothed. Thorax with a feeble median im-
pressed line on basal half and a small, deep rounded
impression on each side; surface sparsely and shal-
lowly punctured. Tlytra finely striate. the striz in-
distinctly punctured. Male with spur of front tibize
dilated in the form of a small, circular sessile disk.
Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 361.)
Throughout the State; common in the south-
ern, scarce in the northern counties. Occurs Fig 361. x 4.
most abundantly in half-dried cow dung, and eee
hibernates sparingly beneath this and logs. February 23-Novem-
ber 17.
III. Copris Geoff. 1762. (Gr., ‘‘dung.’)
Medium or large-sized species having the labial palpi broad,
compressed and 3-jointed; the front coxe conical, large and prom-
inent; all tarsal claws distinct but without a bristle-tipped process
(onychium) between them. The males have the head or thorax or
both either tuberculate or horned. The species of Copris do not
transport excrement in balls any great distance, but bury it in bur-
rows on or near the spot. :
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COPRIS.
a. Elytra each with eight strie; front of head semicircular; thorax with a
transverse carina on sides beneath.
916 PAMILY 1..—-SCARAB WIDE.
b. Clypeus densely punctured at sides, nearly smooth at middle; size
small, 8-11 mm. 1729. MINUTUS.
bb. Clypeus evenly and densely punctured over its entire surface; larger,
13-18 mm. 1730. ANAGLYPTICUS,
ad. Elytra each with seven strive; front of head elongately rounded; thorax
without carina beneath; still larger, 20-28 mm. 1731. CAROLINA,
*1729 (5443). Copris minutus Drury, Exot. Ins., I, 1770, 78.
Broadly oval, convex. Black, feebly shining. Clypeus acutely and
rather deeply notched, its median portion nearly smooth; its sides, as well
as surface of thorax, rather densely and coarsely punctured. Vertex in
male with a short and slender horn. Elytral strie punctate. Length 8-
11 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. February 28-Sceptember 9. Hibernates sparingly beneath
cover of logs, ete.
1730 (5444). Copris ANAGLYPTICUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1828, 204; ibid. II, 131.
Broadly oval, convex, robust. Black, feebly shining. Clypeus acutely
notched at middle. Vertex of head of male armed with an obtuse horn;
tuberculate in female. Thorax densely and coarsely punctured; its crest
with three tubercles, the median one deeply emarginate; these much less
prominent in female. WBlytral strie broad, the punctures transverse. Length
18-18 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 23-October 21. The
spine on head of male varies much in length.
1731 (S448), Copris carorina Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 545.
Broadly oval, very ro-
bust. Black, shining. Cly-
peus finely rugose, not
punctate, the horn of male
short, blunt. Under side of
thorax with a rather deep
excavation near the front
angle for the reception of
the antennal club in repose.
Elytral striz shallow, fee-
bly punctate. Length 20-
28mm. (Fig. 362.)
Southern half of
State, frequent; noted
only in Lake County in
the north. April 25-
Angust 23. Often at-
tracted hy clectrie lights
hs 362. mba! b, section of hollow ball of dung in which the larva In the citi es. Our largest
undergoes its changes; ¢, pupa; d, female beetle; e, spiracle or breathin: “ Tac ft py
pore of larva; i. mandible; g, antenna; A, labium; i, maxilla and Mae Deas of the trihe Cop-
lary palpus; 7, swelling on under side of anal segment, (Alter Riley.) rini,
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 917
IV. Pranevs MacLeay. i519. (Gr., ‘‘light bearer.’’)
Robust. brilliantly colored forms. the males of our species with
head armed with a horn; first joint of antennal club hollowed out to
receive the others; front tarsi of males wholly alsent; those of fe-
males present, but very small and slender. Two species occur in
Indiana.
1732 (5452). PHAN EUS CARNIFEX Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1767. 546.
Broadly oval. somewhat flattened above. Head
bronzed; thorax bright cupreous; elytra green, often
tinged with bluish. Clypeus entire. armed in male with
a long curved horn. in female with a short blunt tubercle.
Thorax of male with disk flat and hind angles much more Z
prominent than in female; surface very ruugh. Elytra >
striate; intervals broad. finely and intricately rugose. :
deeply punctured and more or less costate. Length 14-
22mm. (Fig. 363.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 10-Oc- (Biter Glover.)
tober 21. Notwithstanding its diseusting habits this is one of our
most beautiful and interesting bectles.
1783 (——). PHANEUS TORRENS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei... I, Ser. 2
1S47, 85.
Form of carnifer. Uniform coppery above; piceous, feebly bronzed be-
neath; palpi, stem of antennz and tarsi reddish-brown; club of antenne
darker. Clypeus rounded. margin elevated: vertex in female transversely
elevated, in male armed with a short, compressed acute horn. Thorax of
male with disk flattened and triangular, finely scabrous: sides deeply sinu-
ate near base. hind angles obtuse; in female more convex, with a transverse
elevation near apex, disk with small, triangular, scale-like granules and
with a median impression on basal half. Elytra deeply striate, the strie
dilated at base: intervals strongly elevated. minutely and sparsely punc-
tate. Length 15-15 mm
Monroe County: rare. June 9. \ single female collected by
Max Ellis. Described from St. Louis. Missouri. After describing
this form as distinct. Dr. LeConte in 1863 placed it as a variety of
triangularis Say. In this he was foliowed by Blanchard. Chas.
W. Leng. to whom the specimen was sent for identification, takes
the ground that the original name forrens should he restored until
the relationship of the beetle to triangularis is settled.
V Oxtnopnaccs Lat. 1507. (Gr., ‘dung + eating.’’)
Small oval beetles having the front coxe large, conical and pro-
tuberant: third joint of labial palpi obsolete: tarsal claws distinct,
with a long set#-bearing process between them. In some of the
918 FAMILY 1..—RSCARAB FID E.
species the thorax bears a process or protuberance in front, this
being most prominent in the male, where it vavies greatly in de-
velopment, even in the same species. The clypeus and vertex usu-
ally each bear a transverse carina, these being more strongly marked
in the females. In all the males the front tibiex are much longer,
more slender and more curved than in the females. Five species
and three varieties have been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ONTHOPHAGUS.
uw. Thorax of male protuberant in front, frequently with a long process
more or less deeply emarginate at tip; protuberance in female very
short but evident.
b. Body black, opaque; thorax finely granulate; elytral intervals each
with two rows of fine granules. 1734. HECATE.
bb. Body bronzed or greenish, shining; thorax punctured; elytra not
granulate. 17385. JANUS.
aa. Thorax of male not differing from the female, both simply convex.
ec, Margin of clypeus distinctly notched, more acutely in female than in
male.
d. Base and apex of elytra with small paler patches; thorax sparsely
granulate punctate. 1736. TUBERCULIFRONS.
dd. Elytra uniform purplish-bronzed; thorax coarsely and deeply punc-
tate. 1737. CRIBRICOLLIS.
cc. Margin of clypeus feebly truncate at middle; elytra wholly black.
1738. PENNSYLVANICUS.
1734 (5458). ONtTHopHacus HECATE Panz, Faun. Ins. Amer. Bor., 1794. 5,
pl. I, fig. 2.
Broadly oval. Black, opaque;
sparsely clothed with short, grayish
hairs. Thorax rather densely granu-
late. Elytra finely striate, the inter-
vals with two or three rows of fine
granules. Males with margin of head
moderately reflexed, and elevated in
front in a slender triangular process;
the carinse of clypeus and vertex feeble
or absent; thoracic process variable in
form and length, often as long as the
thorax itself, broadly emarginate at tip
and with two small teeth extending
downward from the middle of the
emargination. Female without the slen-
der process on front of clypeus; the
clypeal and vertical carinze strongly de-
veloped, the thorax slightly protuberant
at middle or with a feeble depression
each side of the middle of the front
margin, Length 6.5-9 mm. (Fig. 36-4.)
THE LAMELLICORN BEUTLES. 919
Throughout the State; common. April 24September 28. Oc-
curs beneath dead birds, snakes and other carrion, and in dung.
1735 (5459). ONTHOPHAGUS JaNts Panz., loc. cit.. 5. Pl. I, fig. 3.
Broadly oval. Color exceedingly variable, bronzed, green or cupreous,
shining ; sparsely pubescent. Thorax sparsely and coarsely punctured, with
a tendency to granulation on front half. Elytra finely striate, the intervals
with two or three rows of punctures. Body beneath green or bronzed,
sparsely punctured. Length 4-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 13-September 18. Oc-
curs most commonly in decaying fungi (Boletus). The following
three well-marked varieties occur in the State.
1735a (5459a). ONTHOPHAGUS JANUS ORPHEUS Danz., loe. cit.. 5.
Metallic green or bright bronze, shining; elytra sometimes bluish. Male
with the clypeal margin moderately reflexed, slightly elevated and subtrun-
cate at middle, the carina nearly obliterated; vertical carina feeble at mid-
dle, elevated at each end in an acute tubercle. Thorax with rather long
process which is broader and deeply emarginate or forked at tip, the sides
diverging. Female with carinwe of head more strongly developed, the pro-
tuberance of thorax feeble.
Lake, Putnam and Posey counties: frequent. April 15—June
30. In fungi and at carrion.
1735b (5459b). ONTHOPHAGUS JANUS STRIATULUS Beauv... Ins. Afr. et
Amer., 1805. 92.
Brownish or piceous. often bronzed, shining: elytra sometimes paler
at base and apex. Male with clypeus as in orpheus. Vertical carina at
each end elevated into a slender horn nearly as long as the height of the
thorax; protuberance of latter very small. Length 5-7 mm.
Steuben, Marshall, Putnam, Lawrence and Vigo counties; fre-
quent. June 24-August 11. Occurs mostly in fungi.
1735¢e (5459c). ONTHOPHAGUS JANUS SUBENEUS Beauv.. loc. cit., 105.
Thorax and elytra metallic green or bronze, the elytra yellowish at
base and apex. Male with clypeal margin slightly elevated at middle and
not truncate. Vertical carina with a short horn at each end. Thoracic
process short. broadly but not deeply emarginate at middle.
Vigo, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. July 1July 29.
In fungi.
1736 (5462). ONTHOPHAGUS TUBERCULIFRONS Harold, Coleop. Hefte., VIII,
115.
Broadly oval. Piceous or very dark brown; base and apex of elytra
with smal], dull brownish-yellow patches; feebly bronzed, very sparsely pu-
bescent. Clypeus acutely notched at middle in female, less deeply in male;
920 FAMILY T.—-SUARAB-EID.%.
vertical carina divided at middle, thus forming two short tubercles. Tho-
rax minutely roughened, sparsely granulate-punctate. Elytra finely stri-
ate; intervals each with two rows of punctures, each puncture bearing a
short hair. Length 3.5-5 mm.
Lake and Vigo counties; frequent locally. April 29-June 10.
Oceurs beneath bones and skin of carrion and in fungi.
1737 (5464). ONTHOPHAGUS CRIBRICOLLIS Horn, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci.,
VII, 1881, 76.
Rounded oval. Dark purplish, bronzed, feebly shining; sparsely pubes-
cent with short erect hairs. Head with two feeble transverse ecarinze, the
shorter one on the frontal suture, the other hetween the eyes. Clypeus
coarsely punctured, its front broadly and rather deeply emarginate, with a
triangular tooth each side of notch. Thorax broadest at middle, sides
oblique on basal half; surface coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra finely striate; intervals each with two irregular rows of rather
dense punctures. Front tibize with four teeth, the second from apex the
longest. Length 3.5 mm.
Lawrence County; rare. June 6. ‘Taken from beneath horse
manure in wagon road, two miles east of Mitchell. Described from
Douglas County, Kansas and Texas, and not since recorded else-
where. Resembles a small form of janis, but the clypeus is dis-
tinetly two-toothed and the thorax is without sign of protuberance.
1738 (5463). ONTHOPHAGUS PENNSYLVANICUS Ilarold, loc. cit.. 115.
Form of tuberculifrous. Black, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent. Cly-
peus entire or feebly truncate at middle, rather densely and coarsely pune-
tured in female. Thorax rather finely, not densely punctate. Elytra finely
striate, intervals each with two rows of punctures. Length 3.5-5 mm.
Throughout the State; csmnion. March 6-NSeptember 28. Oc-
curs in carrion, dung and fungi. All the species of this genus bur-
row under the material in which they feed in the same way as
Copris. ,
Tribe IY. APILTODIINI.
Small, oblong, subeylindrical beetles. which live chiefly in dung.
They have the elypeus expanded so as to eover the mouth parts
(except in cEgialia) ; middle cox oblique and contiguous, so that
the legs are close together ; elytra entire, |always striate and cover-
ing the abdomen; ventral seyments six, all free; tarsi with distinct
claws, with a small process bearing two sete between them. The
tribe is divided into nine genera, of which representatives of five
Wi DAMENICUN BEETLES. 921
have been taken in Indiana, while those of two others may occur.
The following is the principal literature treating of the North Amer-
ican representatives of the tribe:
Horn.—‘ Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes
of the United States,’’? in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soce., IIT,
1870, 110-134.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of Aphodiini of the United States,’ in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., IIT, 1871, 284-297.
Horn.— ‘A Monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United
States,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, 1-110.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF APHODIINI.
a. Mandibles visible beyond the clypeus. VI. AUGIALIA.
aa. Mandibles concealed beneath the clypeus.
b. Hind tarsi with triangular joints. VII. PSAMMODIUS.
bb. Hind tarsi with elongate, usually cylindrical, joints.
c. Head roughly granulate; thorax transversely grooved.
d. Thorax without a marginal fringe of hairs, the grooves short,
confined to the sides; one or more of the ventral segments cari-
nate. VIII. PLEUROPHORUS.
dd. Thorax with scale-like marginal hairs, the grooves entire; ven-
tral segments not carinate. RUYSSEMUS,
ce. Head punctured or slightly rugose; first five strie of elytra not
reaching apical margin.
e. Outer apical angle of hind tibise prolonged, spiniform; color
black. IX. ATANIUS.
ee. Outer apical angle of hind tibise obtuse.
f. Front tibise with upper teeth of outer margin obsolete.
DIALYTES.
ff. Front tibiee strongly toothed on the outer margin; elytra sim-
ply striate; color usually variegated. X. APHODIUS.
VI. Agerstt1a Lat. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘shore.’’)
Tn this genus the mandibles and labrum are visible beyond the
clypeus when viewed from above; head mere or less granulate or
roughened with small tubercles; legs stout and strongly fossorial;
front tibie broad and with large teeth on outer side.
1739 (5469). Adcratta conrerra Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., III, 1871,
294.
Oblong, convex. slightly broader behind. Piceous, the elytra sometimes
reddish-brown; antennze paler. Head with rather coarse, close granules.
Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower in front, hind angles very obtuse ;
pase curved, its marginal line distinct; surface coarsely and sparsely punc-
tured, the sides smoother and with a small rounded pit. Elytra as wide at
922 FAMILY 1L.-—SCARAB WIDE.
base as thorax, the strie rather deep, with moderately fine, not crenate,
punctures; intervals flat, smooth. Spurs of hind tibiw short, broadly ex-
panded, obtuse at tip, their margin translucent. Length 3.54.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent along the beach of
Lake Michigan; scarce in the other counties. April 25-May 24.
Occurs most frequently in sandy places near water, beneath dung
or rubbish.
VII. Psammoprus Gyll. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘sand +through.’’)
In this genus the mandibles are hidden beneath the clypeus and
semimembranous, the base and tooth horn-like; head granulated,
deflexed, with the eyes hidden in repose; thorax transversely
grooved and coarsely punctate; legs never very stout; joints of hind
tarsi flattened, the first elongate triangular, the last very short and
small. One species was deseribed from Indiana, and another per-
haps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSAMMODIUS.
a. Disk of thorax with transverse grooves; elytral intervals with a row
of faint flattened tubercles; length 3.5 mm. 1740. INTERRUPTUS.
aa. Disk of thorax coarsely, irregularly and sparsely punctate; intervals
smooth ; length 2-2.5 mm. NANUS.,
1740 (5475). PsamMMopius INTERRUPTUS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I,
1835, 178; ibid. II, 651.
Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Thorax piceous; head and
elytra brown; under surface and legs reddish-brown. Head rather closely
granulate; clypeus broadly triangularly emarginate. Thorax one-half wider
than long, margin crenulate, hind angles obtuse; disk convex, with four in-
distinct transverse ridges; the first entire, the others interrupted by a
rather broad and deep median depression. Elytra as wide as thorax, the
strie indistinctly punctured; intervals flat, with inner side feebly crenulate
and outer side with a row of indistinct, elongate flattened tubercles. Length
3.5 mom.
Described from Posey County. Horn says it ‘‘occurs in the
Middle States, Dakota and Texas, but rare.’’ Not represented in
the collection at hand.
P. nanus DeG., brownish, head and thorax piceous, legs pale, is
known from Massachusetts, Michigan and westward.
VIII. Prevuropnorus Muls. 1842. (Gr., ‘‘the side + bearing.’’)
This genus is not well defined. In the ‘Classification’? when
but one species was considered it was separated by having the
oa ay
head roughly granulate or verrucose ; thorax transversely grooved.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 923
not fimbriate, grooves short, lateral.’’? Another species has been
since described by Horn and ascribed to the genus, in which the
head is finely and sparsely punctate and the thorax not grooved.
Both species occur in Indiana.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PLEUROPHORUS.
a. Clypeus granulate; thorax sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctured ;
front femur emarginate beneath. 1741. ca&sus.
aa. Clypeus finely and sparsely punctate; thorax very regularly, not dense-
ly punctured; front femur entire. 1742. VENTRALIS.
1741 (5479). PLevURoPHORUS csus Panz., Fauna Germ., 35.
Elongate, subcylindrical, slender. Piceous black, shining; legs reddish-
brown, antennse paler. Clypeus broadly emarginate at middle, sparsely and
rather coarsely granulate-punctate in front. Thorax one-fourth wider than
long, slightly broader in front, hind angles distinct but obtuse; median im-
pressed line with deep, coarse punctures; a large rounded pit at middle of
each side, smooth between the pit and margin. Elytra a little narrower
than thorax, sides parallel; strise deep, punctate, the first three only entire
and reaching apex; intervals slightly convex, crenate on their inner border.
Second ventral segment carinate at middle. Length 3 mm.
Lake and Posey counties, rare; a single specimen from each.
April 25—July 4. Taken from a pathway along the border of woods.
Occurs abundantly in Europe and probably introduced.
1742 (10,181). PLEUROPHORUS VENTRALIS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XIV, 1887, 92.
Elongate, parallel, semicylindrical. Piceous, shining; legs reddish-brown,
antenne pale. Clypeus broadly truncate. Thorax one-fourth wider than
long, margin narrowly flattened, hind angles obtuse, surface sparsely and
regularly punctured, the punctures gradually finer towards sides and apex.
Elytra a little narrower at base than thorax; strie broad and deep, with
large shallow punctures; intervals strongly convex, smooth. First three
ventral segments plainly carinate at middle; fourth and fifth emarginate
at middle of front margin. Length 4 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; searce. April 22—-November 17.
Probably hibernates beneath partly buried logs in low open woods,
as specimens were taken on the later date in such situations. Read-
ily known from all others of the tribe by having the first five striae
of the elytra reaching the apical margin and by the carinate and
emarginate ventral segments.
Rhyssemus scaber Hald., oblong, piceous, legs brownish, anten-
nex pale, intervals of elytra with a row of small tubercles on the
inner side, length 3.5-4 mm., “‘oceurs at the margin of streams from
the Middle States to Texas.’’
O24 FAMILY T.-—SCARABEIDZE.
IX. Avantus Harold. 1867. (Gr., ‘without a fetter.’’)
Small, slender, blackish insects resembling Aphodius, but usu-
ally smaller-and more elongate. The head is convex, not tubereu-
late; eyes usually eoncealed; hind tibiw simple, straight, the outer
apical angle more prolonged than in Aphodius and often ending in
aspine. The strive of clytra often appear more coarsely punctured
than they really are, due to the sides of the intervals being crenate,
this erenation being entirely independent of the punctures of the
stric, which are fine and distant. The ‘‘aecessory spinule’’ of the
hind tibiz mentioned in the key below is a prolongation of the
apical margin on the under side near the spurs. Seven species have
been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATANIUS.
a. Clypeus feebly emarginate at middle, broadly rounded on each side,
never dentate nor subangulate.
b. Opaque species; thorax without basal marginal line; head densely
and finely punctured, not wrinkled; hind tibie without accessory
spinule.
ce. Elytral intervals flat. 1743. IMBRICATUS.
ce. Elytral intervals alternately more elevated. 1744. ALTERNATUS,
bb. Shining species; thorax with basal marginal line.
d. Hind tibise without accessory spinule.
e. Elytra oblong-oval, base slightly emarginate; form rather ro-
bust; thorax unequally and irregularly punctured. ovaTULUS.
ce, Hlytra elongate, parallel, base truncate; form slender, elongate;
thorax evenly and densely punctured. 1745. GRACILIS.
dd. Hind tibize with accessory spinule.
f. Clypeus finely punctured without traces of wrinkles; occiput
with coarse punctures. STRIGATUS.
ff. Clypeus more or less wrinkled and coarsely punctured; thorax
with coarse and fine punctures intermingled. 1746. cogNaTus.
au, Clypeus subangulate, or sometimes denticulate each side of the median
emargination. :
g. Thorax nearly smooth in front, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tured behind the middle, more densely at sides; intervals of elytra
convex ; marginal line of hind femur deep and entire.
1747. LECONTEL.
ag. Thorax nearly evenly punctured from base to apex; marginal line of
hind femur very short or absent.
h, Piceous species; first joint of hind tarsus as long as the long spur;
thorax densely punctured. 1748. ABDITUS.
hh. Reddish-brown; first joint of hind tarsus shorter than the long
spur; thorax regularly not densely punctured, the punctures a
little finer in front. 1749, INOPS.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 925
1743 (5486). AT+NIUS ImBRICATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 136.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Piceous. opaque, the surface usually
covered with a brownish-gray coating; legs brownish, antennze and palpi
paler. Clypeus broadly but feebly emarginate, its sides broadly curved.
nearly smooth at middle; vertex densely punctate. Thorax nearly twice
as wide as long, slightly narrower behind; sides in front curved, hind angles
very obtuse, base broadly curved; surface with rather coarse and closely
placed punctures, which are but faintly visible on account of coating. Ely-
tra as wide at base as thorax, humeri acutely dentate; strive rather deep,
with coarse, not closely placed indistinct punctures; intervals flat, each
with a single row of fine punctures bearing a small, seale-like yellowish
hair. Length ++.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 25—July 12. Two specimens only
from beneath rubbish; one from the lake beach near Pine; the other
from Hessville hy Woleott. Oceurs from Massachusetts to Texas.
1744 (5487). AT-ENIUS ALTERNATUS Melsh., loc. cit., p. 157.
Resembles jmbricatus in form and color. Head densely punctured, the
punctures equal. at sides more rugose. Thorax similar to that of imbri-
catus. the base undulate, not regularly curved. Elytral strize fine. with
rather distant inconspicuous punctures, often hidden by the surface coat-
ing; intervals slightly convex, the alternate ones, 1-8-5-7. more acutely
elevated along the middle. Length 3.5-+.5 mm.
Posey County: rare. June 5. Oceurs from Pennsylvania to
Texas.
A. ovatulus Horn, piceous-black, legs and antenne paler, length
3.5 mm.. is known from Pennsylvania to Lonisiana.
1745 (5491). AT-ENIUS GRACILIS Melsh., loc. cit., p. 157.
Elongate. slender, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous black. moderately
shining ; legs brownish; tarsi, palpi, antenne and very narrow front mar-
gin of thorax, paler. Clypeus rather smooth in front; vertex rather closely
and coarsely punctate. Thorax one and a half times wider than long, hind
angles broadly rounded. base curved, its marginal line very distinct; disk
with a distinct impressiun near front angles and a feebler one at middle
of sides. surface rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra as wide as
thorax. strie deep and broad. not distinctly punctured; intervals strongly
convex, almost like caring, each with a row of slight elongate elevations
on the sides below the summit. Mesosternum opaque. coarsely punctured.
strongly carinate between the cox. Length 3-4 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 23-October 10. A pret-
tily marked and very distinct little species. widely distributed over
the United States.
A. strigatus Say, piceous-black, lees and antenne paler, length
45-5 mm., is said to oceur from the Middie States westward and
southward.
926 PAMILY L.—SCARAB.UID.E.
*1746 (10,190). ATaNIUS COGNATUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858,
p. 65.
Oblong, parallel, convex. Pic-
eous-black, shining; legs, sides of
clypeus and very narrow front mar-
gin of thorax reddish-brown. Cly-
peus moderately impressed in front,
sides broadly rounded, their surfave
with numerous fine wrinkles; vertex
coarsely and sparsely punctured at
base, more finely in front. Thorax
one and a half times as wide as long,
sides feebly curved, hind angles
rounded, base curved with deep mar-
ginal line; disk with sparse, coarse
punctures, with finer ones every-
where intermingled. Elytra as wide
at base as thorax, humeri dentate.
sides nearly parallel, strive punc-
tured; intervals very finely punctate,
crenate on the inner side. Length 4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 365.)
Jig. 365. x 11. (After Forbes.)
Throughout the State; common. February 8-November 20.
Our most robust species of Afenius resembling Aphodius in general
appearance; readily known by the finely wrinkled clypeus and
coarse and fine punctures of thorax. They hibernate in large num-
bers in drv cow dung and beneath it, and on warm sunny days in
winter are on the wing. In early spring they and some species of
Aphodius fly hy thousands and are attracted by electric lights in
great numbers. Also frequents fungi.
1747 (10,183). Agvanrus Leconte: Harold, Col. Hefte, XII, 1874, 19.
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous or black, shining; legs red-
dish-brown, antennze paler. Clypeus impressed in front, broadly but feebly
emarginate, slightly angulate each side, finely and obsoletely punctured ;
vertex coarsely punctate. Thorax about one and a half times as wide as
long, sides feebly curved; apex and base equal, base curved at middle,
oblique each side near the hind angles, which are obtuse. Elytra oblong-
oval, stri# deep and rather broad, with coarse, not serrate punctures; in-
tervals convex, subearinate at apex, each with a row of indistinct punc-
tures on the inner side. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Crawford County; rare. June 18. A southern form, whose
range was given by florn as ‘‘ District of Columbia to Louisiana.’’
Taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
1748 (5499). Araenius abpitvs Hald., Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1S48.
106.
Elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous, moderately shining; legs
pale reddish-brown; antenne and palpi paler. Clypeus broadly but feebly
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 927
emarginate. a distinct angulation or small denticle each side, its surface
roughly punctured or subgranulate; vertex densely punctured. Thorax not
quite twice as wide as long, slightly narrower behind, hind angles broadly
rounded, surface densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as wide
as thorax, the strie rather deep and coarsely crenate-punctate; intervals
nearly flat, each with one or two rows of fine but distinct punctures. Length
3.544 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; not taken south of Marion
County. May 5—~November 28.
1749 (10,185). Aranivs 1nops Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, 73.
Rather elongate, parallel, feebly convex. Reddish-brown, shining ; head
and thorax a little darker than elytra. Clypeus broadly and feebly emargi-
nate, with a small acute tooth each side of the notch; the entire front
granulate. Thorax one and a half times as wide as long, sides regularly
curved, hind angles broadly rounded, punctuation as given in key. Elytra
as wide as thorax, striw indistinctly punctured; intervals convex, crenate
on their inner edge and each with a row of minute punctures on the outer
side. Mesosternum opaque, finely strigose-punctate, carinate between the
coxe. Length 3.54 mm.
Marion County; rare. Noveinber 28. Described from Arizona
and Texas.
Diaiytes striatulus Sav, elytral intervals strongly elevated,
color piceous-brown, antenne paler, length 4.5 mm., ranges from
New England to Illinois and has been taken near Cincinnati.
X. .ApHopivs Iliger. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘excrement + way.’’)
The species of this genus hear a close resemblance to those of
Atenius, but are usually broader, stouter and variegated with black
and dull red or yellow. They are separated from Atenius by hav-
ing the outer apical angle of the hind tibie obtuse. In mounting
specimens of the entire tribe of Aphodiini care should be taken to
stretch out the hind legs so that they may he easily examined. The
known species of North American Aphodius number more than 80,
and are among our most numerous scavengers. They occur in great
abundance in the dung of horses and cows. into which they burrow
almost as soon as dropped from the animals. None of them con-
struct balls for transportation, and the larve go through their
changes on the spot. On the first warm davs of early spring they
are on the wing by myriads along every roadside and in and about
barnyards, and theusands meet their death about the electric lights
of cities. Seventeen species have been taken in the State and three
others perhaps occur.
[5923402]
928 PAMILY L.—SCARAB VIDE.
In using the following table the studeut must, at all times, be
careful that the specimens are perfect; that is, that the spinules at
the tips of the tibie are not worn or accidentally reduced to an equal
size, or that the long hairs fringing the sides of the tibie do not, by
crossing the field of vision, deceive into the belief that the spinules
are unequal. In those that are pubescent, various accidental causes
may have removed the hairs. In old specimens of those species in
which the clypens is denticulate, the teeth are apt to be worn down,
as also the spurs of the tibiw and the large teeth of the front tibie.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF APITODITS.
a. Seutellum Jong, one-fourth or one-fifth the length of the elytral suture;
front tibise not serrate above the upper tooth. 1750. HWAMATUS.
aa. Scutellum short, not more than one-eighth to one-tenth the length of
suture.
vb. Apex of hind tibie fringed with short, equal spinules; head with
three small tubercles on the vertex.
¢. Thorax with distinct basal marginal line.
d. Mesosternum not carinate between the cox,
ce, Elytra clear red; thorax dissimilar in the sexes, impressed in
front in the male. ATh1. FIMETARIUS.
ce, Blytra piceous or dull red; thorax similar in the sexes.
f. Color wholly piceous black, front angles of thorax lever
paler; first joint of hind tarsus very little longer than the
next two; form small, robust. ATR. RURICOLA.
ff. Wront angles of thorax paler; first joint of hind tarsus as
long as the next three; elytra uniform reddish-brown, the
first interval narrewer than second. FQ:TIDUS.
dd. Mesosternum distinctly carinate.
g. Color entirely black or piceous; first joint of hind tarsus not
Jonger than the next two; first or sutural interval of elytra
as wide or wider than second. 1753. GRANARIUS.
gg. Wlytra reddish-brown, the suture and side margins piceous;
first joint of hind tarsus equal to next three.
A754. VITTATUS.
ec. Thorax without trace of basal marginal line; color dull brewnish-
yellow, with hind portion of head. large spot on thorax and su-
tural line of elytra dark brown or piceous. LAS, Lvipus,
bb. Apex of hind tibie fringed with unequal spinules; head rarely with
tubercles.
h. Klytra opaque; color reddish-brown, head and thorax slightly
darker ; size small, 3.5—4 min. T7456. LeENTUS.
hh, Flytva more or less shining.
7 Thorax not narrower at base than apex, net sinuate at sides
near hind angles,
Luin LAMELLICOnS REETLES. 929
j. Elytra not pubescent; clypeus without a transverse ridge.
hk. Mesosternum distinctly carinate between the coxe; front
tibiw punctate on front face; first tarsal joint longer than
second.
l. Uniform reddish- or pale chestnut-brown; first joint of
hind tarsus not as long as the next three.
17357. BUBEOLTS.
UW. Dull brownish-yellow, head and thorax darker, elytra
ofien clouded; first joint of hind tarsus longer than the
next three. 1758. STERCOROSTS.
kk. Mescsternum not carinate; basal marginal line rarely ab-
sent; front tibiz xmocth in front.
m. Color reddish-brown cr dull brownish-yellow, never in any
part black.
n. Thorax not fringed with long hairs; color dull yellow,
thorax and suture darker; larger, 4.5-5 mm.
CONSENTANEUS.
nn. Thorax fringed with conspicuous hairs; color pale, dull
yellow. elytra with an oblique fuscous bar on basal
half: smaller, not over 3.5 mm. 1759, WOLCOTTI.
mm, Color in great part piceous; head and thorax always black
or piceous.
v. Clypeus angulate each side of middle notch.
p. Elytra entirely picewus or often with the alternate in-
tervals marked with small reddish spots: body be-
neath and less pale yellow. 1760. BICOLOR.
pp. Elytra dull yellow, with black spots; sides of thorax
paler. 1761. SERVAL.
vo. Clypeus very obtusely rounded each side of middle
noteh.
gq. Elytra dull yellow, with black spots: thorax with
front angles paler. 1762. INQUINATUS.
qq. Elytra black, apex dull red; thorax entirely black;
elytral intervals very flat. 1765. TERMINALIS.
i), Elytra more or less pubescent, fuscous. the sides paler.
+, Sides of thorax not fringed; teeth of front tibi# normal;
punctures of elytral strive very distinct.
1764. FEMORALIS.
er, Sides of thorax with a fringe of rather long hairs: front
tibie with upper tooth small or wanting; punctures of
elytral strive indistinct. 765. WALSHTL
i. Thorax narrower at base than apex. distinctly sinuate at sides
near hind angles: cvlor black or piceous.
s. Elytra oblong with a small tooth on each humerus; length 7—
9 mm. 1766. OBLONGUS.
xs. Elytra oval without a tooth on humerus: length 3.5 mm.
HUMERALIS.
930 FAMILY L.—SCARABHIDA.
1750 (5510). ApHoprus HaMaTUS Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 277; ibid.
I, 183. 7
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Piceous or black ; elytra varying to
brown, and often with a paler suture and margin. Head smooth; clypeus
truneate or very feebly emarginate. Thorax large, not wider than elytra;
surface with a few coarse punctures on the sides, disk almost smooth. Ely-
tral strie sparsely punctured; intervals nearly flat, with a few fine punc-
tures. Length 6-9 mm.
One specimen in Stein collection marked *‘Ind.’’ without date.
Probably from near Michigan City. Its range is given ‘‘from
Maine to Oregon in the region north and a little south of the great
lakes.’? Readily known by its large size and long scutellum.
*1751 (5517). APHODIUS FIMETARIUS Linn., Syst. Nat., 1766, 348.
Oblong-oval, very convex. Black, shining; elytra brick-red, rarely clouded
with piceous; thorax reddish-yellow near front angles. Head sparsely,
rather finely punctulate, with three distinct tubercles in male. Clypeus
broadly but very feebly emarginate with a slightly elevated transverse
earina. Thorax with coarse, very irregularly placed punctures, intermin-
gled with finer ones. Hlytra as wide as thorax, the strive with crenate
punctures; intervals slightly convex, finely and sparsely punctate. Length
6.5-8.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. ‘February 11-October 12. Hi-
bernates in large numbers in or beneath half dry cow dung; also
beneath logs on sandy banks. In three specimens at hand the disk
of elytra is in large part piceous. The tubercles on head are much
more distinct in the males. Introduced from Europe and widely
distributed.
1752 (5523). APHODIUS RURICOLA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1844, 136
Oblong-oval, often slightly wider behind. Piceous-black, shining, usual-
ly with sides and tips of elytra paler than disk. Head with three small
but distinct tubercles, sparsely punctate. Clypeus broadly emarginate at
middle, the angles on each side obtuse. Thorax narrower in front, hind
angles distinct, rather obtuse; disk finely and rather sparsely, sides more
coarsely, punctured. Wlytra slightly wider than thorax, the striz deep
with rather coarse crenate punctures; intervals convex, very finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Lake, Posey and Crawford cotinties; searce. April 28-May 30.
A. fetidus Fab., head and thorax black, length 4-5 mm., is a
European species said to be ‘‘widely distributed in our country.”’
THE LAMPULICURN BEETLES. 931
1753 (5528). APHopIUs GRANaRIUS Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 547.
Oblong, subeylindrical. Piceous, shining ;
legs reddish-brown, antennz paler. Head with say 9
three distinct tubercles; sparsely punctured ,
at middle, more densely and rugosely at
sides; clypeus rather feebly emarginate, the
sides broadly rounded. Thorax with coarse
and fine punctures intermingled in female, al-
most smooth in male. Elytra parallel, the
strive finely and serrately punctured; inter-
vals feebly convex and with few very minute
‘punctures; the first as wide, or even wider
than second. Length 46 mm. (Fig. 366.)
Throughout the State: common.
April 8-June 3. Occurs in dung and on fungi.
Fig. 366. x 7. (After Forbes.)
1754 (5529). ApHopius virratts Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1825.
191; ibid. II, 295.
Oblong, subcylindrical. Piceous or black; elytra each with a basal and
apical reddish-brown spot more or less united; rarely with the elytra, except
margin and suture, entirely reddish-brown, or entirely black; legs reddish-
brown, tarsi paler. Head with three tubercles; surface sparsely punctate;
clypeus feebly truncate or broadly rounded. Thorax slightly narrower in
front, hind angles obtuse; surface finely, regularly and ratber densely punc-
tate. Elytral strie fine, crenately punctate; intervals flat with numerous
fine punctures. Length +5 mm. ‘
Lake County; rare. May 12. Probably occurs throughout the
State.
1755 (5533). APHODIUS LivipUs Oliv., Ent., III, 1798, s6.
Oblong-convex. Color given in key. Head sparsely punctate. tubercu-
late. Clypeus always paler than vertex. feebly emarginate, sides rounded.
Thorax with rather coarse. sparse punctures, intermingled with finer ones.
Elytra parallel, the strive finely and crenately punctured; intervals nearly
flat with a few very minute punctures. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. February 8-May 30. In-
troduced from Europe. Probably throughout the southern half of
the State.
1756 (5544). APHODIUS LENTUsS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. III, 1870,
125.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Color given in key. Head finely and rather
closely punctate. Clypeus hemihexagonal, feebly emarginate in front. sides
oblique, angles rounded. Thorax with sides feebly curved, hind angles ob-
tuse, disk finely and rather densely punctate, smoother at middle. Elytra
not wider than thorax: stris rather coarsely punctate; intervals convex,
each with two rows of punctures, nearly as coarse as those of strive, each
puncture bearing a very short suberect yellowish hair. Mesosternum finely
earinate between the coxe. Length 3.5-4+ mm.
932 PAMILY Ti.—SCARAB. HIDE
Hessville, Lake County; rare. May 30. Ranges from Massa-
chusetts to Illinois and Georgia.
1757 (5545). AprHopius ruBEoLUs Peauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 90.
Moderately elongate, convex. Reddish or pale chestnut brown, shining.
Head sparsely and finely punctate; vertex not tuberculate; clypeus feebly
emarginate, angles each side obtuse. Thorax very sparsely and finely punc-
tate at middle, more coarsely and deusely on sides; basal marginal line fine
but distinct. Elytral stri:e fine and very feebly punctured; intervals flat,
smooth. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Southern half of State, scarce; Lake County only in the north.
April 7—-Oetober 9. Taken at dung, hencath leaves and at electric
light. Worn states that the thorax is without basal marginal line,
but all Indiana specimens examined have that line fine but distinct.
15S (5546). ArpHoprus stercorosus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT,
1844, 136.
Oblong, parallel, convex. Color given in key; surface smooth, shining.
Head sparsely punctate, female, nearly smooth, male; clypeus truncate, the
sides curved. Thorax with hind angles distinct, obtuse; basal marginal line
wholly absent; surface punctate as in rvbeolus. Elytra finely striate, the
strive very finely punctate, male, more coarsely so. female; intervals flat.
smooth. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Southern half of Ntate, freyuent; Lake County, searce. Feb-
ruary 8-September 8. Occurs everywhere east of the Mississippi.
A. cousentaneus Lee. occurs ‘from Canada to Missouri,
Kansas and New Mexico,
1759 (——). ApHopivs worcorttr sp. nov.
Elongate, feebly convex. Tale yellowish, shining; head and thorax
faintly clouded with fuscous; elytra, in one of the two specimens at hand,
each with an indistinct fuscous bar extending obliquely from humerus’ to
suture in front of middle. Head without trace of tubercles, very sparsely
and finely punctate; clypeus broadly and feebly emarginate at middle, an-
gles rounded, sides oblique, divergent. Thorax one-half wider than long,
sides broadly curved into the base; marginal line of base fine but distinct,
slightly sinuate; surface nearly smooth at middle, coarsely and sparsely
punctate on sides. Elytral strise deep, not punctured; intervals convex,
very finely wrinkled, each with a few fine, shallow punctures. Front tibie
with three teeth on outer side, the middle and apical ones equal, the upper
one much smaller. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three.
Length 3-3.5 mm.
Pine, Lake County; searee. July 23, Two specimens taken
by A. B. Wolcott from heneath rubbish on white sand of Lake
Michigan beach. Named in honor of the collector, who has shown
me many favors during the preparation of the present paper.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 933
1760 (5565). ApHopivs prcotor Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IIT, 1823,
212; ibid. IT, 136.
Oblong, slightly wider behind. subdepressed. Color given in key. Head
without tubercles. rather densely and coarsely punctured; clypeus broadly
emarginate, the angles each side of notch well marked. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, hind angles broadly rounded; basal marginal line
distinct; surface rather closely punctate with coarser and finer punctures
intermingled. Elytra as wide at base as thorax; the strie rather deep,
finely and crenately punctured; intervals convex. sparsely and irregularly
punctate. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Vigo, Orange, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. May
1—October 3. Probably throughout the State. A rather large,
bulky species, readily known by the pale under surface and legs.
1161 (5535). APHODIUS sERVAL Siy. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835. 177:
ibid. II, 651.
Moderately elongate. parallel. Head and thorax piceous. their margins
paler; elytra dull yellow. with quadrate black spots arranged in an oblique
row extending from hase of fifth interval to near the suture and in a
sinuous band one-fourth from apex; sides also with a rather broad black
stripe on the seventh, eighth and ninth intervals. Head coarsely and roughly
punctured; clypeus rather deeply emarginate, the angles each side of notch
distinct. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. sides nearly parallel; sur-
face with coarse and fine punctures intermingled. Elytra finely striate, the
strive fine, not punctured; intervals flat. sparsely and indistinctly punctu-
late. Length +.5-5 mm.
Throughout the State: freyient. March 11-November 2s.
Probably hibernates beneath leaves and rubbish. The black spots
of elytra are sometimes so enlarged as to cover the greater part of
the surface.
*1762 (5536). APHODIUS INQUINATUS Herbst., iiss]. Arch... 17S4. If. 6.
Oblong. convex. Color as in serral, except that the black spets of ely-
tra are often united and more elongate. the middle one of basal half occu-
pying parts of the second, third and fourth intervals. TIead sparsely punc-
tate, more roughly on sides; vertex with three blunt tubercles: clypeus very
feebly emarginate, obtusely rounded each side «f notch. Thorax very
sparsely punctate in male, more densely in female. Elytra parallel. striate.
the strive finely and crenately punctured; intervals feebly convex in male,
more strongly in female, very finely punctate near the strie. Length 4.5-
5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 12—November 8.
Hibernates with and in same places as A. fimetarius and Atentus
cognatus. On the wing by thousands in late autumn and early
spring. Introduced from Europe and widely distributed.
#1768 (5563). APTHODIUS TERMINALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., TIT,
1$23.. 2133. ibid. TI, 137.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining; apex of elytra red-
dish-brown. Head often with three small tubercles, coarsely punctate,
934 PAMILY L.—SCARAB.EIDJ.
Slightly rugose at sides and in front; clypeus feebly emarginate in front,
the angles each side of notch obtuse. Thorax with distinct basal marginal
line, hind angles nearly rectangular; disk finely and sparsely punctured at
middle, more coarsely aud densely on sides. Elytra as wide at base as tho-
rax, a little broader behind the middle; strive fine, deep, closely but not
coarsely punctured; intervals very flat, eich with two indistinct rows of
fine punctures. Length 4-5 mm.
Henry and Vigo counties; searce. January 13-March 10. Hi-
bernates beneath cow dung and partly buried logs. Horn says
the elypeus is without tubercles. Say, in his original description,
makes the ‘‘trituherculate clypeus’’ one of the principal distin-
guishing characters. ‘Traces of the tubercles are present in all
specinens at hand and in some of them they are quite distinct.
1764 (5569). Apnoprus FEMORALIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT,
1828, 215; ibid. II, 139.
Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Head and thorax piceous
black, shining, sides of latter dull yellow; elytra smoky brown, opaque,
pubescent, the base and often entire margin paler; antenne and legs red-
dish-brown. Head with three feeble tubercles, surface finely and sparsely
punctate, male, more coarsely and densely, female; clypeus truncate or
faintly and broadly emarginate, the angles each side broadly rounded. Tho-
rax nenurly twice as wide as long, basal marginal line distinct; surface
sparsely and finely punctate, male, more coarsely and closely, female. Ely-
tral strive rather deep, finely punctured; intervals convex, with a row of
distinct punctures each side. Length 4.5-6.5 mim.
Throughout the State; common. April 12-October 11. Readily
known by the pubescence and dull sooty-yellow hue of elytra.
1765 (5570). ApHoprus wausuirt Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., III, 1870,
132.
Resembles femoralis in form and color. Sides of thorax more widely
and distinctly yellow. Head sparsely and finely punctate in both vexes.
Thorax with a marginal row of bristly yellow hairs, hind angles rounded.
Klytral strie very finely punctured; intervals convex, alutaceous, with a
few very fine punctures, the three outer ones more distinctly punctate.
Length 5-6 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 27. Taken from the carcass of a hen.
Known heretofore from Tllinois and Kansas.
1766 (5572). APHODIUS OBLONGUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., UT.
1823, 215; ibid. II, 138.
Oblong, moderately elongate, slightly broader behind. Piceous black,
shining; antenne and lees brownish. ITead without tubercles, sparsely and
rather finely punctate at middle, more coarsely at sides; clypeus broadly
and rather feebly emarginate, a small reflexed tooth ench side of noteh.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, distinctly narrower behind middle.
base curved at middle. oblique near hind angles; surface coarsely and
THE LAMELMICORN BEETLES. 935
sparsely punctate with finer punctures intermingled. Elytra as wide at
base as thorax, with a distinct tooth on each humerus; strise deep and sub-
crenately punctate; intervals nearly fiat, sparsely and finely punctate. Length
7-9 mm.
Orange County; scarce. September 9.
a. humeralis Lee., black, shining, elytral strie fine with large
round distant punctures, is known from Detroit, Michigan, and
Maryland.
Tribe III. ORPHNINI.
This tribe is represented in the United States by a single genus
comprising oval, convex species, covered above with short, erect
hairs. They have the mandibles and labrum of horn-hke texture,
not covered by the elypeus, which is not expanded as in the two
preceding tribes; antenne 10-jointed, club three-jointed; eyes not
emarginate; front cox prominent; middle cox oblique, contigu-
ous; elytra striate, covering the abdomen; ventral segments six,
not firmly united; tarsi with a small sctw-hearing process hetween
the claws. The principal papers treating of the North American
species are as follows:
Horn.—‘Ochodwus—Synoptical Table of,’’? iz Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soe., II, 1868, 50-52.
Horn.-—‘ Revision of the U. S. Species of Ochodeus and other
Genera of Searabwide,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876,
177-197.
XI Ocnop.rvs Serv. 1827. (Gr., ‘‘to carry + tooth.’’)
To this genus, as characterized above, belong eight species, only
one of which occurs east of the Mississippi.
1767 (5578). OcHopzUs MUSCULUS Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
178; ibid. IT, 652.
Oval, convex. Uniform reddish- or chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed
with short erect hairs. Head coarsely punctured; clypeus with a double
margin, the upper one forming a curved carina, vertex with a feeble trans-
verse carina. Thorax three times as wide as long, sparsely pun?tured in
male, more densely in female; a rounded impression on the middle of each
side. Elytral strie rather closely punctured; intervals subconvex, each
with two cr three irregular rows of small punctures. Length 5-6 mm.
Two specimens from near Hessville. Lake County. June 13-
June 17. Say described the species from a single female taken near
New Harmony, Posey County. Horn records it from Michigan,
Dakota and Nebraska.
936 FAMILY L.—SCARABEIDAS.
Tribe IV. GEOTRUPINI.
Rounded, convex beetles having the mandibles and labrum
prominent, of horn-like texture; antennw 11-jointed, club 3-jointed,
variable in form; elytra usually strongly striate, covering the abdo-
men; the middle coxez, ventral segments and tarsal claws as in Tribe
III. ‘he thorax of some males, and more rarely the head, is armed
with horns or tubercles. Most of the species live in excrement;
others, according to Horn, are veritable hoboes, ‘wandering about
without visible means of support.’’ The principal literature treat-
ing of the North American members of the tribe is as follows:
Horn — ‘Notes on Genera of Coprophagus Scarabeide of the
UL S.,’? a Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., ITI, 1870. The genera
Bradycinetus, Bolborcras and Odonteus are treated on pp.
48-50.
JTorn.—* Geotrupes of Boreal America,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., I, 1868, 313-322.
Horn. — ‘Synopsis of the Geotrupes of the U. S.,’? in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soe., VIII, 1880, 145.
Blanchard, Fredevich.— ‘Some account of our Species of Geo-
trupes,’’ 7 Psyche, V, 1888, 103-110.
Scheffor, Chas.—-*‘On Bradyeinetus and Bolhoceras of North
America, with Notes on other Genera,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soe., NXNNIT, 1906, 249-278.
Of the five genera of Geotrupini recognized from the United
States, representatives of four have been taken in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GEOTRUPINI.
a. Club of antennee large, round, convex on both sides. (Fig. $, No. 14.)
b. Keyes only partially divided by a process from the side of head.
XII. Lornoceras.
bb. Eyes entirely divided.
e, Color above black and reddish-brown; j:rocess between the middle
coxze with an erect tooth-like elevation,
XIII. Borrocrrosom a.
ce, Color above uniform chestnut brown: process heiween the middle
coxw without a tooth-like elevation. LV,
‘ ODONT.EUS,
aa. Club of antennse smaller, composed of leat-like plates. XV.
GEOTRUPES.
NTI. Borpoceras Kirby. 18178. (Gr., *‘hull + horn.’’)
This genus is principally distineuished by having the eyes only
partly divided and ly the middle cox being continguous or very
close together.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 937
1768 (5591). Botrocreras LAZARUS Oliv., Wnt. Hist. Nat. des Ins., I, 1789, 63.
Broadly oval, robust, convex. Uniform chestnut-brown, shining; mar-
gins of head, thorax and legs fringed with long brownish-yellow hairs.
Males with a flattened, slightly recurved. truncate or emarginate horn on
clypeus and a transverse ridge on vertex; females with clypeal horn re-
duced to a ridge and vertical ridge higher than in male. Thorax of male
with a transverse ridge and a prominent tubercle each side on apical half;
these reduced in female to a blunt crest; median lengthwise groove wide
and deep behind the crest, with one or two coarsely punctured, obliquely
transverse grooves each side. Elytra with five coarsely punctured striz be-
tween the suture and humeral ridge and four or five additional ones on the
side. Length 6-12 mm.
Throughout the State; searce. May 19-July 1. Two of the five
specimens in the collection were taken at electric light; the others
beneath rubbish
XIII. Bonsocerosoma Scheffer. 1906. (Gr., ‘‘bull+ horn +
body.’’)
In this genus the eves are completely divided and the middle
cox are very narrowly separated, with a tooth-like elevation aris-
ing from a process between them. One species is known from the
United States.
1769 (5590). BorzocerosoMa FARCTUM Fab., Spec. Insect., I, 1781, 14.
Broadly oval, very robust, strongly convex. Reddish-yellow ; head, nar-
row basal line (and sometimes a discal spot) on thorax, sutural and mar-
ginal lines and apical third of elytra, black. Males with front edge of cly-
peus and angles in front of eyes, acute, elevated and slightly reflexed; also
with a short, acute horn arising from the middle of the clypeus; females
with the horn reduced to a transverse ridge. Thorax of male with a deep
pit each side of apical half; between these a ridge with an acute tooth at
each end and a similar tosth outside each pit; in female the pits are alsent.
the front half bearing only an elevated ridge. FElytra with five or seven
coarsely punctured strit between the suture and humerals. Length S-
12 mm.
Throughout the State; searee. June 6—June 15. Occurs be-
neath logs, most frequently in sandy localities: also along path-
ways in woods. The black area of the upper surface varies greatly
in size. .\ female from Lawrence (‘ounty has three black spots on
apical half of thorax, oue median and a smaller one each side, and
the pale portion of elytra limited to a sinali rounded spot on basal
third. The specimeps with seven striae between the suture and
humeral prominence are usually listed as var. fianefactus Beauv.
All but one of the Indiana specimens are of this form.
938 FAMILY L,—SCARABAIDAS,
XIV. Opontamus Meg. 1621. (Gr., ‘‘a tooth.’’)
Eyes completely divided; middle cox contiguous without a
tooth-like elevation on the process between them. The males have a
long, slender, curved horn arising from the clypeus. Two of the
three known North American species have been taken in the State.
1770 (O592). Oponr.zus Frricornis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ILI,
1823, 211; ibid. II, 136.
Rreadly oval, convex. Uniform pale chestnut-brown, male; brownish-
yellow, female. Clypeus with a slender, curved, movable born, longer
than the greatest width of head. Thorax of male with a deep median
groove on basal two-thirds, a broad pit each side, bordered externally by a
sharp longitudinal ridge, the groove and pits sparsely and coarsely pune-
tured; female with median groove less wide and deep, the pits obsolete;
the sides more densely and coarsely punctured than in male. Elytra each
with 11 or 12 shallowly impressed, coarsely punctured striae. Length 6-
8.5 mm.
Frequent about Hessville, Lake County; one specimen from
Vigo County. May 9—July 16. Oceurs beneath logs and other
cover in sandy localities.
1771 (5593). Opontasus cornicErUs Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II
1844, 1388.
Resembles filicornis but larger and more robust. Horn of clypeus of
male stouter and not movable. Thorax of male with median groove shorter
and wider, the pits on each side very large, reaching nearly to base, their
outer margin not limited by a sharp ridge; a stout reflexed horn in front
of each pit. Elytra as in filicornis. Length 10 mm.
One male from Vigo County. September 28. Taken from be-
neath a partly buried log in upland, sandy woods. Female not
seen and, as far as I can ascertain, not described.
XV. Grorrupes Fab. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘the earth + bore.’’)
Medium-sized, broadly oval species, varying in color from black
to dark metallic green or purple. They have the antennal club
small, with the plates of equal thickness. Some of them are very
common species, occurring under cow dung, in pastures, often bur-
rowing into the ground beneath. Of the 11 species known from
North America, three have been taken in the State, while another
doubtless occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEOTRUPES,
a. Body above shining, more or less metallic; elytra distinetly striate.
b. Strive of elytra without punctures; head without tubercles; basal
marginal line of thorax absent. SEMIOPACUS.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 939
bb. Strie of elytra punctured; head with a median tubercle; basal mar-
ginal line of thorax present.
¢. First joint of hind tarsus shorter than the next three together ;
claws of middle tarsi chelate in the male. 1772. SPLENDIDUS.
ec. First joint of hind tarsus equal to the next three; claws of middle
tarsi of male not chelate. 1774. BLACKBURNIL.
aa. Body above opaque, black; elytra not striate, but with rows of punc-
tures. I7is. OPACTS.
G. semiopacus Jekl., has been taken near Cineinnati.
*1772 (5596). GEOTRUPES SPLENDIDUS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 18.
Broadly ovate. Color very variable; brilliant me-
tallie green, purple or bronze. Clypeus rounded in
front, surface coarsely and roughly punctate and with
a distinct median tubercle. Thorax twice as wide as
long, surface finely and sparsely punctured, more
coarsely and densely on sides. Elytra deeply striate,
the strie with well-defined punctures; intervals
smooth, flat or subconvex. Male with middle tarsus
short and thick. Length 12-17 mm. (Fig. 367.)
Throughout the State; common. March 16-
December 20. A pair were found mating beneath a log on the
latter date. They evidently sometimes feed upon carrion as a pair,
also mating, were taken beneath the bones of a dead horse on May 6.
Fig. 367. x 13.
1773 (5601). Grorrvpes opacts Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853,
362.
Broadly oval. Above black, opaque, often with a purplish tinge; un-
der surface and legs bluish. Clypeus rounded, rough, with few punctures
and with a distinct tubercle near the frontal suture. Thorax with fine.
irregularly scattered punctures, more coarse and numerous on the sides.
Elytra smooth, not striate, each with about 16 somewhat irregular rows of
fine punctures. Length 12-15 mm.
Lake and Vigo counties; rare. May 19-October 11. Occurs
in sandy localities.
1774 (5602). GEOoTRUPES BLACKBURNII Fab., Spec. Insect., I, 1781, 20.
Broadly oval. Black, feebly bronzed. Clypeus rounded in front, finely
and densely punctate, with a slight tubercle behind the middle. Thorax
with the center of disk nearly smooth. the sides with fine and sparsely
placed punctures; a feebly impressed median line on basal half. Elytra
deeply striate, the strice finely punctured. Front tibie of male with a short
spur. Length 13-16 mm.
Very common in the southern half of the State; much less so in
the northern counties. March 11-Octoher 17. Often seen on the
wing. The surface is less shining and the color not variable as in
splendidus : the average size is also smaller.
940 FAMILY L.—SCARAB.UEULE.
Tribe V. ACANTHOCERINI.
To this tribe belong three small, oval, convex, smooth, shining
beetles, living under bark and in rotten wood. They have the man-
dibles and labrum of horn-like texture and prominent; the antenny
10-jointed, club 3-jointed; front coxwx conical, prominent; middle
coxe transverse, contiguous; ventral segments five, loosely united ;
pygidium entirely covered by the elytra; tarsi with slender claws
without a process between them. One of the two genera compris-
ing the tribe is represented in Indiana. No papers treating of the
tribe as such have been published, tlie descriptions of the species
being isolated.
XVI. Cuaorus Germ. 1342. (Gr., ‘‘girdled.’’)
This genus contains two small species having the middle and
hind tibie thick; body partially contractile, so that it may be rolled
up into a somewhat henisph erical mass, much in the same manner
as in the members of the genus Agathidium of the Silphide. The
scutellum is large, triangular and attenuate behind and the elytra
are not striate.
1775 (5608). CLasorus APHODIOIDES Tll., Germ. Zeitsch., TV, 1805, 157.
Short, oval or subglobose. Blackish ov purplish-brunzed, polished. = Cly-
peus rounded in front, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax about twice
as broad as long, sides nearly straight; hind angles rectangular, disk finely
and sparsely punctured and with two impressions each side near the mar-
gins. Wlytra with the side margins entire, surface with rows of long,
deeply impressed, rather close punctures, and with three or four elevated
lines on apical third, the outer one longer. Length 4-4.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 9-November 22. Oc-
curs beneath bark, especially that of oak and hickory. Easily dis-
tinguished from the next species by its smaller size and the more
closely placed punctures and entire side margins of elytra.
1776 (5609). Craorus GLoposus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 179;
ibid. IT, 653.
Form and color of the preceding but slightly larger. Clypeus finely
rugose. Thorax much more deusely punctate. Elytra with the side mar-
gins finely deuticulate; the punctures oblong, separated from each other by
a distance about cyual to their length; apical half with four or five slightly
elevated lines, the two outer ones extending {oward the humerus. Length
5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. Mareh 20-November 30. Prob-
ably hibernates as imago. The specimens taken on November 30
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 941
were from the half-dried carcass of a dog. It seems, therefore,
that this species sometimes has the habits of Trox, a genus with
which it is closely allied and in which it was placed by Say.
Tribe VI.) TROGINT.
Oblong, convex, dirty-looking brown beetles, which occur under
or about the skins and bones of carrion, old hides or feathers. The
surface is usually roughly sculptured and covered with a erust of
earth which is difficult to remove. From the preceding tribe they
differ in form and by having the side pieces of mesothorax not
reaching the rounded middle coxw. They possess a distinct stridu-
lating organ in the form of an elliptical plate with pearly reflec-
tions, located on the upper part of the outer face of the first ventral
segment, and covered hy the elytra. A small oval polished space
on the inner surface of the elytra near the margin and about op-
posite the plate serves as an aid in producing the sound. All of
our species belong to the single genus 7'ro.r. The following are the
principal papers treating of the North American forms:
LeConte.—‘ Descriptions of the species of Trox and Omorgus in-
habiting the United States.’’? tr Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
VII, 1854, 211-216.
Hovn.— ‘Revision of the Species of Trox of the United States,’’
in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., V, 1874, 1-12.
XVII. Trox Fah. 1792. (Gr., ‘‘a gnawer.’’)
Twenty-one species of this genus are recognized from the United
States, 14 of which have been taken in Indiana, while one other
perhaps occurs. Sometimes a half dozen or more species are found
in company in or beneath the same old skin or other remains of
carrion. Unless cleaned of their usual encrusted coat of dirt, the
specimens are very difficult to classify.
KEY TO THE INDIANA SPECIES OF TROX.
a. Scutelium spear-shaped, i. e., narrowed strongly near the base, its sides
at piddle angulate: larger species, 12 or more mm.
b. Elytra with rows of tubercles very distinct and tomentose, or coy-
ered with fine hairs.
¢, First joint of antenne with dark brown hairs; club dark.
1777. SCABROSUS.
ec. First joint of antenne with reddish-brown hairs; club reddish-
brown or ash-gray.
d. Elytral tubercles round. their entire surface tomentose.
1778. MONACHUS.
942 FAMILY L.—SCARABIDE.
dd. Elytral tubercles oblong, the front portion of each without hairs.
1779. ASPER.
bb. Elytra with rows of tubercles much less distinct, wholly without
hairs.
e. Sides of thorax near the hind angles rather deeply notched; ely-
tra not distinctly tuberculate. 1780. SUBEROSUS,
ce. Sides of thorax not or very feebly notched; elytra with well
marked rows of smooth tubercles. PUNCTATUS.
aa. Scutellum oval, never spear-shaped; size smaller, not over 12 mm.
f. Tip of prosternum behind the front coxee not spiniform ; hairs of ely-
tral intervals, when present, in tufts, never in single row.
g. Hind femora with a row of small spines along the hind margin;
thorax with a median groove, limited on each side with an ob-
tuse ridge; elytral tubercles with erect sete or bristle-like hairs;
length 9-10 mm. 1781. TUBERCULATUS.
gg. Wind femora without spinules.
h. Elytral tubercles with black sete.
i. Tubercles elevated, the sets erect, moderately long; length
6-7 mm. 1782. ERINACEUS.
ii. Tubercles indistinct, seta very short; length 9-10 mm.
1783. CAPILLARIS.
hh. Elytral tubercles with reddish-brown or pale hairs or scales.
j. Elytra distinctly tuberculate; thorax with well marked ridges.
k. Thorax sulcate at middle, the ridges straight or nearly so.
-l. BElytral margins entire at base; length 10-12 mm.
1784. UNISTRIATUS.
il. Elytral margins crenulate or with small teeth at base;
length 6-8 mm. 1785. SORDIDUS.
kk. Thorax with the median groove divided into two fovex or
pits, the ridges very sinuous; length 5-6 mm.
m. Tubercles of elytra with erect brownish sete.
s 1786. INSULARIS.
mm. Tubercles with pale yellowish scale-like hairs.
1787. TERRESTRIS.
jj. Elytral tubercles very indistinct, being replaced by patches of
sete.
n. Front tibise without fine teeth above the tooth on side; tufts
of sete on elytra of equal size in all the rows; length 6-
6.5 mm. 1788. =QUALIS.
nn. Front tibia with fine teeth near the base; tufts of sete on
elytra much smaller on the alternate rows; length 5-6 mm.
1789. SCABER.
ff. Tip of prosterntim spine-like behind the coxe; elytral intervals with
a single row of short, erect sets; front tibix bidentate on the outer
side and crenulate near the base. 1790. ATROX.
1777 (5613). TRox scasrosts Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 175.
Oblong-oval, robust. Dull blackish-brown or piceous ; labrum and mandi-
bles and basal joint of antenns clothed with stiff brown hairs. Thorax
with sides rounded, deeply and broadly notched near hind angles, the lat-
TILE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 943
ter in the forin of a rounded lobe; base rather acutely lobed at middle; disk
with four elongate tubercles along the basal margin, the outer one each side
with a smaller one in front; the median pair each with a Y-shaped ridge
in front, these ridges forming the sides of a median groove. Elytra with
rows of moderately elevated, oblong, tubercles, tomentose at summit; be-
tween the rows of large tubercles is a row of smaller ones, also tomentose
at top, and on each side of the smaller tubercles is a row of rounded granu-
lar elevations: the surface between all tubercles and elevations, smooth.
Length 15-18 mm.
Lake Ccunty: rare. September 3. I have seen but a single
specimen, taken by J. D. Hood on the beach of Lake Michigan,
near Pine. It occurs on the sandy shores of lakes and rivers and is
said to be abundant in the Gulf States. The rows of three different
sizes of tubercles on the elytra readily distinguish this from our
other large species.
WTS (5614). Trox Monacuts Herbst., Kafer, III, 1789, 25.
More oblong and less robust
than scabrosus. Dark brown or fus-
cous. Thorax with sides subangu-
late in front of notch near hind an-
gles; basal margin deeply sinuate
near the angles; tubercles as in
scabrosus. Elytra each with five
rows of ine or oval Lubeees Fie Be. anes, peta Bete a 29s, ciel
tomentose at tip, rather distantly plate and maxilla of larva. (After Riley.)
placed one from another. those of
one row alternating with those of the next; the spaces between the tuber-
cles finely and sparsely granulate, one of the tubercles of third row on
apical fourth of elytra is much enlarged, the corresponding one in the
fourth and fifth row also enlarged. but smaller than that of the third.
Length 13-16 mm. (Fig. 368.)
Southern half of State: frequent. June 7-October 6. Mating
on the former date.
1779 (5615). Trox asper Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 215.
Oblong, robust. Purplish or grayish-browu; the first joint of antenne
and club as in monachus. Thorax as in monachus, except that the notch
near hind angles is less deep. the angular lobe less prominent, and the
sinuation of basal margin less marked. Elytra with rows of oblong or
elongate, tomentose tubercles, their front ends smooth and shining. Inter-
vals between the larger rows of tubercles each with a row of small ones,
on each side of which is a row of rather deeply impressed punctures.
Length 13-15 mm.
Putnam County; rare. June 11. Probably occurs sparingly
thronghout the southern half of State.
[60—23402]
944 PAMILY L.—SCARAL- RIDA.
1780 (5616). Trox stuerosus Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 31.
Oblong, robust. Dull grayish-brown, elytra mottled with piceous, sonie-
times almost black and shining. Thorax with sides rounded, the notch in
front of hind angles broad and shallow, the basal tubercles as in monachus,
but much less elevated and therefore less distinct, the Y-shaped ones forni-
ing the median groove almost obsolete except at middle. Elytral tubercles
feeble or obsolete, with very small tufts of hairs between them. In those
specimens in which the elytral tubercles and surface coating are wholly
absent, the elytra are marked with rows of large rounded or subquadrate
punctures, and appear black and shining. Length 12-17 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 30-Neptember 6. Often
attracted by electric lights of the cities.
Trox punctatus Gerin., length 12-17 mm., is a southern species
which is recorded from near Cincinnati.
1781 (5618). TRox TUBERCULATUS DeGeer, Mem, Ins.. IV, 1778, 318.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Black or piceous black. Head usually
with four small tufts of hairs in a transverse row. Thorax twice as wide
as long, sides feebly rounded, basal margin sinuate; disk with a wide and
deep median groove, bordered each side by an entire ridge, rarely inter-
rupted at middle by a transverse elevation. Elytra with rows of rather
distinct, feebly elevated tubercles, covered with brownish, suberect setie:
intervals with much smaller tubercles, each of which, in perfectly clean
specimens, is seen to be surrounded by three or four minute granules set in
large shallow punctures or depressions. Front tibise with one small mar-
ginal tooth and above it subserrate. Length 9-10 mm.
Lake, Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scaree. April 30-
June 9. This and the next three species are of medium size and
have the margins of thorax ciliate with short flattened hairs. The
scutellum in it and all the remaining species is oval instead of
spear-shaped.
1782 (5621). Trox ertnaceus Lee. Proce. Phil. Aend. Nat. Sein. WII, USo54.
Zl:
Oblong-oval, shorter than tuberculatus. Lull black, shining when clean.
Clypeus more distinctly angulate at middle, the frent with two small tufts
of hairs. Thorax as in tuberculatus, the median suleus more shallow and
often feebly interrupted at middle. Elytral tubercles in first and third
rows more or less connected on basal half, the others rounded, clothed with
short, erect black hairs: intervals with smaller tubercles and small gran-
ules as in ¢wberculotus. Wind femora without spinules on hind margin.
Length 6-7 mm.
Putnam County; rare. .Aneust 12. Taken from the skin of a
dead squirrel. Probably oecurs throughout the southern half of
the State.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES, 945
1783 (4622). Trox carmnaris Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT, 1824,
238: ibid. II, 139.
Oblong-oval. Grayish or fuscous; when clean often purplish. Clypeus
broadly rounded; front with four small tufts of brownish hairs. Thorax
with sides feebly curved, gradually wider to base, the median groove shal-
low but entire, surface each side roughly punctured. Elytral tubercles
feebly elevated, widely distant; intervals with minute tubercles cr granules, 7
these subobsolete on the sides; intervals one to three each with four slightly
elevated broken lines. Length 9-10.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 12-December 25.
Clean specimens can be quickly recognized by the fine ‘‘capillary
lines’’ on the intervals near the suture. Say’s specific name was
based on the presence of these lines.
1784 (5623). Trox tnistrratus Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 175.
Elongate-ovate. Dull brownish-black. Clypeus rounded. Thorax one-
half broader than long, sides nearly straight, curved on apical fourth, hind
angles rectangular, median groove feeble; surface csarsely punctured and
with a large irregular depression each side near the groove and another
near the margin, these usually concealed by dirt. Elytral tubercles elon-
gate, slightly separated, thus forming elevated interrupted lines, each of
these with two rows of very short brown, seale-like hairs; intervals each
with a row of minute brownish tufts of hair and two rows of large, trans-
verse, shallow punctures. Length 9.5-11.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. May 2-June 10. Larger than
capilaris, and readily distinguished by the carina-like lines of
elytral tubercles and the larger and more distinct rows of punctures.
1785 (5624). Trox sorprpus Lec., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 211.
Oblong-oval, broader behind. Dull black. Clypeus broadly rounded.
Thorax two-thirds wider than long, sides nearly straight, ciliate with very
short hairs; median groove slightly interrupted, its sides somewhat sinuous ;
surface roughly punctured and with a rounded impression each side on
basal half. Elytra each with four rows of tubercles, those on basal half
of first and second rows more elengate; intervals each with a single row of
small distant tubercles. Front tibie finely toothed above the median tooth.
Length 6-8 mm. ;
Jennings, Putnam, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April
24-Mav 12. This and the remaining five species are all small in
size and difficult to separate. This is the largest of the six, more
robust and broader }ehind the middle. It resembles tubcreulatus in
form and sculpture, but is distinctly smaller and has the seales of
the tubercles much paler.
1786 (5625). Trox 1NsuLARTS Chey., Col. Mex.. 1835,
Ovate. Dull piceous or blackish-brown. Clypeus subangulate at mid-
dle; front with four obtuse tubercles. Thorax with sides feehly curved,
margins ciliate; disk with the median ridges strongly sinuous, converging
946 FAMILY L.—SCARABAID®.
at middle and united by a transverse ridge, thus dividing the groove into
two fovesx or depressions, the hinder one of these with a large rounded
fovea on each side; apical half with a transverse fovea each side. Elytra
with rows of small but distinct tubercles, bearing short, erect brownish
hairs; intervals with a few very small tubercles and scattered granules.
Front tibis with a small marginal tooth near the angle. Length 5-6 mm.
Putnam, Vigo, Lawrence and Posey counties; frequent. June
2-September 26. Resembles closely the next and probably confused
with it in many collections. Known by the erect brownish hairs of
the elytral tubercles, which can be readily seen by viewing the speci-
men from the side. Listed as L. foveicollis Har.
1787 (5626). TRrox TeRRESTRIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
192; ibid. II, 295.
In form, color and sculpture of thorax this species very closely resem-
bles insularis. Thorax with sides a little less rounded, and more convergent
in front. Tubercles of elytra with yellowish scale-like hairs which are
semi- or wholly prostrate. Length 5-6 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. February 14—-November 30.
This species and the next hibernate beneath rails and chunks in
fence corners where dead leaves have accumulated. It is possible
that all species of Troxz so hibernate, as several others have been
taken very early in spring or late in autumn. When touched or un-
covered all the species ‘‘play possum”’ or simulate death.
*1788 (5627). TRox =QUALIS Say, New Spec. Ins. Louisiana, 1832, 5; ibid.
T, 301.
Elongate, subovate. Dull brownish-black. Clypeus rounded, densely
punctured; front with minute tufts of reddish-brown hairs arranged in a
transverse sinuous line. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly and
evenly curved, ciliate; dorsal groove very feeble, surface finely and evenly
punctate, sparsely clothed with short, erect brownish hairs. Elytra with-
out tubercles, but with numerous tufts of reddish-brown, scale-like hairs
arranged in regular rows. Hind tarsi with joints 2-4 longer than wide.
Length 6-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-December 12. Oc-
curs often distant from carrion beneath bark and about the roots
of trees.
1789 (5629). Trox scABER Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. NII, 1785, 573.
Form of equalis. Black, somewhat shining, when clean. Thorax with
median groove a little more distinct and a shallow impression each side
near base, the surface less covered with bristly hairs, otherwise as in
equalis. Elytra with rows of oblong, shallow punctures, the alternate in-
tervals more elevated and bearing oblong tufts of brownish hairs; the in-
tervening intervals with minute rounded tufts of similar hairs. Hind tarsi
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 947
longer than in @qualis. Front tibie with two teeth on the outer margin
near the tip and with several small blunt teeth near the base. Length 5-
7 Tim.
Frequent beneath dead fish and other carrion and rubbish along
the beach of Lake Michigan in Lake and Porter counties ; not noted
elsewhere in the State, though probably occurs throughout, as Dury
records it from Cincinnati. April 9—July 3.
179) (5630). Trox arrox Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VII, 1854, 214.
Elongate-ovate. Black, surface without coating. ‘Thorax transversely
quadrate. sides moderately curved in front, slightly sinuate at base; hind
angles acute. surface sparsely punctured, median groove wholly obliterated
except a slight impression in front of scutellum. Elytra with broad, shal-
low strize. bearing transverse rather distant punctures; intervals feebly con-
vex and with a single rew of small punctures each of which bears a short,
erect brownish hair. Hind femora with a row of spines along the hind
margin. Length 8 mm.
Known from Indiana ly two specimens taken near Lafayette,
one each in the collections of Dury and Webster. Recorded here-
tofore only from Illinois and Kansas.
Subfamily I]. MELOLONTHINAE.
The members of the subfamily are mainly distinguished by
the position of the abdominal spiracles. which are in part placed on
the superior portion of the ventral segments, the rows feebly di-
verging, the last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra. They
are usually of looser, more slender build, with longer legs than the
members of the preceding subfamily. The clypeal suture is trans-
verse; club of antenne often elongated in males; tip of the abdo-
men usually visible beyond the elytra; color in general some shade
of brown. In all of our genera the mandibles and labrum are be-
neath the clypeus and not visible from above. In habits they are
entirely vegetable feeders, occurring on leaves and flowers, or flying
about in the evening, and are often attracted in great numbers to
electric and other.lights.
But six of the 21 genera into which the subfamily is divided are
represented in the State. The following papers treat of these
genera and to them the special student is referred for more detailed
descriptions :
LeConte.—‘Synopsis of the Melolonthide of the United
States.”* in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., New Ser., ITI, 1856,
225-258,
948 FAMILY L.--SCARA BADE.
LeConte-—“‘Short Studies of N. Amer. Coleoptera,’’ im Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. VIII, i880. A synopsis of the genus
Hoplia is given on pages 191-194.
Horn.—‘Revision of the U. S. Species of Ochodeus and other
Genera of Searabeide,’’ 7 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876.
The genera Vacrodactylus and Dichelonicha are treated on
pages 183-192.
Horn.—‘‘Revision of the Species of Lachnosterna of America
North of Mexico,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887,
209-296.
Ninith, John B.—* Notes on Lachnosterna fusca,’’ in Insect Life,
I, 1888, 180-185.
Smith, John B.— ‘Some New Species of Lachnosterna,”’ in Ent.
Amer., V, 1889, 93-99.
Smith, John B.-— ‘Notes on the Species of Lachnosterna of Tem-
perate North America with Descriptions of New Species,’’ in
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XT, 1888, 481-525, Pls. NLVITI-LN.
Fall, H. €.—‘‘Notes on Dichelonycha and Cantharis with De-
scriptions of new Species in other Genera,’’ in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., X XVII, 277-292.
Fall, H. C— ‘Revision of the Species of Diplotaxis of the
United States,’ in Trans. Amer, Ent., NNXNV, 1909, 1-97.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MELOLONTHIN.&.
a. Middle and hind tibis with only one spur, this sometimes cbsolete;
tarsi without setie-bearing process between the claws; hind tarsi with
a single claw; body scaly. XVIII. Hoprta.
aa. Middle and hind tibie with two spurs; all tarsi with two equal claws
and a distinct sete-bearing process between them.
b. Form elongate, slender; colors metallic green or bronzed (at least in
part) or dull yellow.
ce. Elytra pubescent. not densely scaly: claws chelate, i. @, capable
of being folded along the last joint of the tarsi.
NIX. DIcCHELONYCHA.,
ec, lytra densely covered with elongate yellowish scales; tarsal claws
not chelate, XX. MAcRODACTYLUS.
bb, Form robust, heavy; color brownish, sometimes iridescent.
dad. Ventral segments five; elytra either uniformly and rather finely
punctured, or with punctured strive. XNXI. DipLoraxis.
dd, Ventral segments six.
e. Elytra with rather indistinet but regular sulci or grooves on the
disk; ventral segments free; size small. not over 10 mm.
NNTT. Serica.
ee, Elytra without strim or grooves over the esreat portion of the
disk; ventral segments connate: size larger. 11.5 or more mn.
NALIL LACHNOSTERNA.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETIES. 949
XVII. Hoprra Iliger. 1503. (Gr., ‘‘arms.”:
Oblong. more cr less flattened insects. living on flowers by day,
beneath cover at night, and having the body entirely or in part cov-
ered with flat scales of a yellowish, brownish or silvery hue; claws
of front and middle tarsi chelate and unequal, the outer one being
larger and bifid at tip: seutellum small; club of antenne three-
jointed. The two sexes often differ much in size and color and the
males have the hind tibie and tarsi stouter.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIFS OF HOPLIA.
a, Claw of hind tarsi not cleft.
b. Sexes dissimilar in color, male black, hairy with grayish pubescence ;
female brown with pale brown and yellowish silvery scales: thorax
wide. narrowed in front. its sides subangulate and rounded.
1791. TRIFASCIATA.
bb. Both sexes dull black. thinly clothed with elongate grayish scales:
therax with sides oblique. slightly rounded; clypeus more strongly
margined in front. 1792. TRIVIALIS.
aa, Claw of bind tarsi cleft near the tip.
ec. Sides of thorax strengly angulated: black, sides of thorax. suture and
margins of elytra and two oblique branches with silvery scales.
1793. LIMBATA.
ce, Sides of thorax either broadly rounded or nearly straight.
d. Brown, clothed with very small scales. these oval on thorax. nar-
row and hair-like on elytra. 1794. MODESTA.
dd. Dull brownish-yellow, very densely clothed with silvery scales. these
circular on thorax, broadly oval on elytra.
1794a. var. BARBATA.
1791 (5050). HopLia TRIFASCIATA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IIT.
1825, 200; ibid. II, 301.
Obleng. Male dull black: thcrax and elytra rather densely clothed
with elongate gravish-yellow prcstrate hairs or hair-like scales: pygidium
and abdomen densely covered with silvery scales; these replaced by erect
gray hairs on front of under surface and legs. Female with head black;
thorax and elytra reddish-brown, covered with yellowish scales. some of
those of elytra usually more densely placed so as to form three irregular.
undulated bands. «ne at base. another at middle and a third near apex:
entire under surface clothed with silvery scales. Head and thorax in both
sexes with numerous erect grayish or yellowish hairs. Clypeus truncate,
the front edge reflexed. Length 65-9 mm.
Lake. Starke and Vigo counties; searee. April >-May 27. Oc-
curs on flowers of Crategus, ete. Passes the winter in pupal stage
beneath half-buried logs and other cover. The black males appear
to be rare, but one having been taken in the State.
950 FAMILY L.—-SCARABRIDA.
1792 (5651). Horrra TRIVIALIS Ilarold. Col. Hefte, V, 1S69.
Elongate-oblong. Dull black; upper surface clothed
with lanceolate, hair-like scales, those on elytra usually
so placed as to form two indistinct bands, one at inid-
dle, the other at apex; pygidium and abdomen rather
sparsely covered with flat, siivery scales; front portion
of under surface, legs and thorax with erect gray hairs.
BPlytra at base a little wider than base of thorax, the
humeri prominent. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 369.)
Starke, Fulton and Putnam counties; frequent
beneath hoards, ete., in sandy localities about the
Fig. 369. x 3. :
(Original.) borders of lakes. April 8-May 9.
1793 (5653). Horria LimpaTa Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. New Ser.,
IIT, 1856, 286.
Elongate. Black; above with scales as mentioned in key; pygidium and
under surface densely clothed with rounded, silvery scales. Claws of hind
tarsi cleft near the tip. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.
LeConte described this from ‘‘two specimens found at Evans-
ville, Indiana.’’ Of it he says: ‘‘The dilatation of the white su-
ture at the middle forms an oblique fascia reaching two-thirds way
to the suture; the posterior dilatation is a spot connected both with
the suture and tip. The thorax is hardly narrower at tip than at
base. The legs are black, with the thighs sparsely sprinkled with
silvery seales.’’? Not represented in the collection at hand.
1794 (5654). Hopria mopEestTa Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 304.
Oblong. Black or dull reddish-brown; head and thorax fuscous. Uj-
per surface with scales as noted in key; pygidium and under surface rather
thickly covered with larger oval, iridescent silvery scales. Clypeus nar-
rower than in the other species, truncate, its front margin feebly reflexed.
Thorax flattened with oblique but slightly rounded sides. Elytra obsoletely
costate. Hind tarsal claws finely cleft near the apex. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Lake, Putnam, Owen and Knox counties; searee. May 25-
June 26.
1794a (——). HOPLIA MODESTA BARBATA Var. nov.
More robust than modesta. Color as given in key: pygidium and un-
der surface reddish-brown, shining, very densely clothed with oval silvery
scales. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight, subsinuate
near hind angles. Elytra without trace of costee. Hind tibise and tarsi of
males very much larger than in modesta. Length S-S.5 mm.
Vigo and Owen counties; rare. May 31—June 15. Taken from
the flowers of the climbing bitter-sweet, Cielastrus scandens L. The
shorter, wider and more denscly placed seales of the elytra readily
separate this from imodesta. The seutellum is also longer and more
narrow than there.
D>
ot
pais
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES.
NIX. Dicueroxycua Kirhy. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘cleft + claw.’’)
Elongate, parallel, subdepressed species, usually piceous or
hrownish-yellow in hue, with a distinct greenish, purplish or bronze
lustre. They are covered with a fine silky pubescence, have large,
prominent eves. the first ventral segment in great part visible, the
claws cleft at tip. The males have the club of antenne nearly as
long as the remaining portion and the middle line of abdomen, when
viewed from the side, more or less concave. Thev often occur in
numbers on the young shoots or leaves of trees and shrubs. Five
species have been taken in Indiana, while another probably oceurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DICHELONYCHA.
a. Thorax without a well defined median groove.
b. Prevailing color dull brownish-yellow, the elytra usually witb faint
greenish or bronzed surface lustre; tibis and tarsi entirely pale.
c. Suture between clypeus and front indistinct. not impressed.
d. Subapical marginal grooves of thorax distinct; front margin of
clypeus narrowly refiexed; elytra with a darker narrow stripe
on the sides which is more distinct at its extremities.
1795. SUBVITTATA.
dd. Subapical and basal marginal grooves obsolete; clypeus rather
broadly reflexed; elytra without trace of darker lateral stripe.
TESTACEA.
ce. Suture between clypeus and front distinct, rather deeply im-
pressed; clypeus rather strongly reflexed; subapical marginal
line of thorax deeply impressed; elytra pale, feebly tinged with
green. 1796. DILUTA.
bb. Prevailing color dark; elytra in fully colored species more or less
brilliant green or bronze.
e. Suture between clypeus and front indistinct; surface lustre green-
ish or purplish ; apex of hind tibizee and tarsi piceous.
A797. ELONGATA.
ec. Suture between clypeus and front deeply impressed; elytra piceous
with bronzed lustre; legs wholly reddish-brown or piceous.
1798. FUSCULA.
aa. Thorax with a rather broad and deeply impressed median line or
groove; elytra with distinct greenish lustre. 1799. ALBICOLLIS.
1795 (5657). DICHELONYCHA SUBVITTATA Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TII, 1856, 279.
Resembles elongata in form but stouter. Dull reddish-brown or brown-
ish-vellow, with a bronze or greenish tinge; elytra with a fuscous or dark
greenish stripe on sides. often obsolete except on the humeral and apical
elevations. Head coarsely and rugosely punctured. Thorax with a faint
median line; less densely and more coarsely punctured than in elongata,
its surface sparsely pubescent in both sexes. Elytra rather coarsely punc-
tured and wrinkled, very sparsely pubescent. Length 10-11.5 mm.
952 FAMILY L.—SCARA BABIDA.
Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 26—June
24. Occurs on hazel and oak foliage.
D. testacea Kirby is a boreal species which may occur in north-
ern Indiana.
1796 (——). DicneLonyena piLtuta Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVIT,
1901, 283.
Elongate, parallel. Pale, dull yellow; front and thorax sometimes
fuscous; elytra feebly tinged with green. Clypeus more strongly reflexed,
less dersely and more deeply punctate than in clongata, the sutural line
distinctly impressed. Thorax rather sparsely and coarsely punctate, sparsely.
pubescent, its sides strongly subangulate. Elytra coarsely and roughly
punctulate. Inner spur of hind tibis of male distinctly broader and more
obtuse than in elongata. Length $.45-9.5 mm.
Starke and Crawford counties: searce. May 25—June 27.
Beaten from oak shrubs. The elypeus in all the four specimens at
hand is distinctly and abruptly paler than the vertex.
W197 (5656). DictrLonycHa ELONGATA Fab., Syst. Ent., I. 1708, 170.
Elongate. parallel. Ilead and thorax piceous or
dark reddish-brown. FElytra dull brownish-yellow or
darker, more or less tinged with greenish, purplish or
bronzed lustre; antenne and legs pale, the apex of
hind tarsi and tibize piccous. Head densely and rather
coarsely punctured. Thorax with sides sinuate behind
the middle, hind angles prominent; surface densely
punctured, sparsely pubesccut, male; deuscly pubes-
cent, female. Elytra rather coarsely punctured, sparse-
ly and finely pubescent. Dygidinm and sides of abdo-
nen rather densely clothed with long. silvery, scale-
: like hairs. Length S-10 mm. (Fig. 37v.)
Fig. 370. x 3. Throughout the State; frequent. April 18-
ene July 5. Oceurs on flowers of wild plum, wild
rose, ¢te., and on leaves of oak and willow.
IOS (5663). DIcHELONYCIIA FUSCULA Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
TIT, 1856, 281.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown or piccous: elytra with
a pale marginal stripe, their surface otherwise uniformly and distinetly
bronzed. Clypeus concave, the margin moderately reflexed, rather densely
and coarsely punctured. Thorax sparsely and rather deeply punctured, the
intervals between the punctures shinivg; sparsely pubescent. Elytra very
coarsely punctured, sparsely pubesceut, Length 7 mm.
Putnam and Crawford counties: rare. May 27-June 20,
Probably occurs throughout the southern half of State. Readily
known by its smaller size and dark bronzed elytra with paler
margin,
UN
aw
ee ee BEETLES.
i
1799 (5667). DICHELONYCHA ALBICOLLIS Burm., Handb. Ent., IV, 1842, 74.
Elongate, parallel, rather robust. Dull brownish or fuscous yellow,
sparsely clothed with short pubescence. Elytra with greenish lustre, the
suture and margins paler. Head coarsely and densely punctured; suture
feebly impressed; clypeal margin moderately reflexed. Thorax coarsely
and sparsely puuctured, sides obtusely angulate, oblique near hind angles,
which are broadly rounded. Elytra coarsely punctured. Males with outer
spur of hind tibize much broader than inner, truncate at tip and distinctly
twisted. Length 11-12.5 mm.
Porter County: scarce. June 27-June 28. Beaten from pine
near Dune Park. Easily distinguished by its larger size and deep
median groove of thorax.
XX. Macropactytts Lat. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘long+toe or claw.’’)
The members of this genus are commonly known as ‘‘rose-bugs”’
and are elongate, rather slender beetles having the elytra densely
covered with yellowish scales; tarsi very long and bearing long,
slender diverging claws cleft at tip, more deeply in the female;
labrum not united with clypeus: front cox prominent and conical.
Males with front and hind tibie without spurs: prosternum elevated
in a vertical spine behind the front cove; pygidium elongate in-
stead of triangular as in the female. Two of the three known
North American species have been taken in Indiana.
18090 (5690). MAcRODACTYLUS SUBSPINOSUS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 39.
Elongate, slender. Dull brownish-yellow or
reddish-brown, densely covered with yellow
scales or hairs; head, thorax and under surface
usually darker; tarsi and apex of tibiz black.
Thorax convex, a little longer than wide. much
wider at middle and rapidly narrowing thence
to beth base and apex; surface with short, re-
cumbent yeliow hairs, male, or with recumbent
hairs and snort, vertical sete intermingled, fe-
male. Elytra indistinctly striate. Male with
prosternal spine as long as coxe and visible
from the front, the ventral segments each with
two to five slender bristles on each side; yen-
tral segments of female with a few median erect
hairs. Length 8-10 mm. (Fig. 371.)
Throughout the State; very common.
June 5—July 5. Noted especially on wild
grape vines about the borders of marshes Fig. 371. Line shows natural size.
E a ai ve (After Forbes.)
and lakes in northern Indiana. This is the
best known rose chafer or rose beetle, and is very destructive in the
954 FAMILY L.—SCARABAIDA.
imago stage. It sometimes appears in immense numbers on roses
and various flowers and also on leaves and blossoms of grape, often
completely ruining the crop of the latter. Bordeaux mixture is a
repellant, but in addition to its use, until after the grapes are set,
the beetles should be beaten into umbrellas and burned.
1801 (5691). MacropacTyLus ANGUSTATUS Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., I,
1805, 30.
Form of the preceding but somewhat larger. Uniform dull brownish-
yellow except the apex of tibiz and apical halves of tarsal joints. which
are piceous. Male with prosternal spine short, not visible from the front,
the bristles of ventral segments very short. Female with all the hairs of
disk of thorax erect, those of the margins recumbent; abdomen with nu-
merous erect hairs along the middle. these arising from strong punctures.
Elytra with erect hairs near the base. Length 9-11 mm.
Crawford and Perry counties; rare. May 21—June 25. <A spe-
cies of southern range, belonging to the Austroriparian fauna of
the State.
XNXJ. Drenoraxis Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘double + order.’’)
Small, oblong, convex species, brown or piceous in color and
having the elytra not sulcate but simply and irregularly punctate
or with the punctures of feeble costw arranged in rows, the wider
intervals being irregularly punctured. The antennz are 10-jointed
and only five ventral segments are visible. The body is not broader
behind, as in Serica, and the tarsal claws are cleft or toothed. They
occur beneath flat stones, bark and logs, usually in dry, hilly locali-
ties. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others
may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIPLOTAXIS.
a. Body pubescent; elytra without distinct rows of punctures.
1802. soRDIDA.
aa. Body not pubescent above; elytra with some of the punctures arranged
in rows.
b. Thorax with a distinct impression near front and hind angles.
c. Disk of thorax unevenly punctured, leaving smooth spaces near the
middle. LIBERTA.
ec. Disk of thorax densely and more finely punctured. TRISTIS.
vb. Thorax without distinct impressions near the angles.
d. Clypeus semicireular, its front broadly and regularly rounded.
1803. HARPERI.
dd. Clypeus hemihexagonal, its front subsuleate or slightly emarginate.
1804. FRONDICOLA.
Lith pAMMULIvUn BEETLES. 955
1802 (5699). DrpLotTaxis sorpipa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,
197; ibid. II, 299.
Oblong, robust, convex. Reddish-brown to black or piceous, subopaque ;
upper surface clothed with fine, short, suberect, yellowish hairs, those on
thorax dense and more erect. Clypeus short, broadly but not deeply emargi-
nate; its surface, as well as that of thorax and elytra, densely, rather finely
and more or less confluently punctured. Thorax with a deep impression
near the front angles and a distinct but more shallow one near the hind
ones, the middle portion more convex; sides subangulate behind the middle,
margin crenate. Elytra with very fine transverse wrinkles between the
punctures. Length 11-12 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 28-September 3. Two specimens from
beneath drift on the beach of Lake Michigan near Millers and Pine.
It is known only from Michigan, Pennsylvania and Georgia, and
seems to be everywhere rare.
1803 (5716). DipLoraxis HARPERI Blanch., Cat. Col., Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
1850, 171.
Oblong, feebly convex. Reddish-brown or piceous, shining. Clypeus semi-
circular, narrowly margined, slightly reflexed, surface rather coarsely and
densely punctate. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides feebly rounded;
surface coarsely but not densely punctate. Elytra each with three indis-
tinct costs, each of which bears a single somewhat irregular row of punc-
tures with a more distinct row on each side; the much broader intervals
with numerous coarse, irregular punctures. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common in the southern half, much less
so in the northern counties. March 21—October 1. Occurs in early
spring and late autumn beneath logs, leaves and stones, where it
probably hibernates sparingly as imago, and commonly in the pupal
stage. Also occurs at electric light and sparingly on foliage.
1804 (5717). DreLoraxis FRONDICOLA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 198; ibid. IT, 299. ,
Oblong-oval, convex. Pale to dark chestnut brown, feebly shining. Cly-
peus subtruncate at apex, its margin more strongly reflexed and surface
more finely punctate than in harperi. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
sides broadly rounded, surface ratber finely and somewhat densely punc-
tate. Elytra each with three feeble coste, each bearing a single regular row
of punctures and a row each side; the intervals with the punctures more
regularly placed than in harpcri. Length 7-S mm.
Lawrence, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. May 10-
July 3. Occurs beneath stones and logs. A shorter and more con-
vex species than harpevi, easily distinguished by the form of the
clypeus. Probably occurs throughout the State.
956 FAMILY To Spunaimtibop azn,
XNII. Serica MacLeay. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘silken.’’)
Robust, oblong, convex species of a brown color, often covered
with soft silken pubescence and with iridescent reflections. They
are of small size, and the body, especially that of female, is broader
behind; labrum united firmly with the under surface of clypeus,
and therefore indistinct; elytra feebly suleate; hind coxe flat and
broadly dilated into a plate, as wide as any two ventral segments,
which covers the base of the abdomen.
The beetles fly about chiefly in the evening and by day are to
be found beneath leaves, logs and bark in orchards and woods.
Five species have been taken in the State, two of which are here-
with described as new, while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SERICA.
a. Clypeus with an acute notch each side; body smooth, shining, not irides-
cent.
b. Notch of clypeus deep, distinct, the margin in front of notch strongly
reflexed; surface of front and clypeus coarsely, confluently punc-
tured, with wrinkles between the punctures. 1805. VESPERTINA,
bb. Notch of clypeus small and indistinct, margin less strongly reflexed;
surface finely punctured, without wrinkles or rugosities.
c. Suture between clypeus and front with a distinct carina; surface
of clypeus and thorax finely and densely punctured.
1806. CARINATA.
ce. Suture between clypeus and front impressed, without carina; sur-
face of clypeus and thorax finely and sparsely punctured.
1807. INTERMIXTA.
aa. Clypeus without a notch on sides; body usually silky-pubescent and
more or less iridescent.
d. Head and thorax with numerous short, erect yellowish hairs.
IRICOLOR.
dd. Wead and thorax not distinctly hairy.
e. Size larger, S or more mm.; body above unicolored.
f. Upper surface black, feebly shining, scarcely iridescent; clypeus
densely and rather coarsely punctured. TRISTIS.
ff. Upper surface purplish-brown or piceous, distinctly iridescent ;
clypeus more sparsely and finely punctate. 1808. SERICEA.
ee. Size smaller, not over 6 mm.; head and thorax black or piceous,
elytra usually reddish-brown, 1809. TROGIFORMIS.
IS05 (S674). SeRICA VESPERTINA Gylh, Schonuh. Syn. dns. 1, 1817, 4,
Oblong-oyate. Chestnut brown to piceous, smooth, shining. Clypeus
‘short, truncate, coarsely, densely and rnugosely punctate, the notch deep.
distinct; frontal suture impressed. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides
>
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 957
feebly curved, hind angles rectangular: surface rather finely and regularly
punctate, more densely and roughly on the sides. Elytra broadly not deeply
sulcate, the grooves with two rows of coarse, confluent punctures; intervals
feebly convex, sparrely punctate. Length §.5-11 mim.
Starke, Jackson and Dubois counties; searce. April 12—June 27.
1806 (——). SERICA CARINATA sp. nov.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous-brown. feebly
shining; antenne, legs and under surface reddish-
brown. Clypeus and front very densely and finely
punctate, the notch minute, not more than one-third
the depth of that of respertina; frontal suture viewed
from the side, with a distinct transverse raised line
cr carina; front with a longitudinal carina connect-
ing that of suture with hind margin of head. Thorax
two-thirds wider than long sides nearly straight, feebly
curved on apical third, hind angles rectangular; disk ~
densely and finely punctate at middle and on sides. He ai
more sparsely and coarsely near front and hind mar-
gins and in a space near front angles, a very smull smooth area near the
middle. Elytra less deeply sulcate than in respertina, the grooves broader,
each with two or three irregular rows of finer. more or less confluent punc-
tures. Metasternum, hind coxal plates and first five segments of abdomen
coarsely and rather sparsely punctate; sixth ventral segment smooth. Length
S-10 mm. (Fig. 372.)
Described from eight specimens taken in Fountain, Marion,
Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties. April 9-October 6. Taken
from beneath bark of oak. Those taken on October 6 were in mud
or dirt eclls bencath deeply buried logs on wooded hillside in Vigo
County, and were just emerging as imagoes. Probably confused
with vespertina in most collections, but readily distinguished by the
carinate suture of clypeus and close, irregular punctuation of tho-
rax. The color in all specimens at hand is uniform and not vari-
able as in vespertina or the next.
1807 (——). SERICA INTERMIXTA Sp. hoy.
Oblong, convex, smooth, shining. Dull brownish-yellow, sometimes
chestnut-brown or even black. Clypeus longer than in respertina, the notch
smaller, one-half as deep; surface finely and sparsely punctate; front more
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax more convex than in respertina,
sides feebly curved, surface finely and rather sparsely but evenly punctate.
Elytra moderately deeply sulcate. the grooves each with two or three irregu-
lar rows of rounded, more or less confluent punctures; intervals subcon-
vex, sparsely punctured, the punctures as large as those of the grooves.
Length 7.5-9.5 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Marion, Lawrence and Jennings counties; frequent.
April 12-June 26. Oecurs beneath bark. Specimens just emerg-
ing as imagoes were taken in Vigo County on April 12 and in Lake
958 FAMILY L.—SCARABAID.E,
on May 13. The longer, more finely and less roughly punctured
clypeus, with shallow notch, distinguishes this species from vesper-
tina. LeConte’s terana is a smaller, paler form, with the notch
and surface of the clypeus nearly as in vespertina.
8. iricolor Say, is a species of wide distribution which should
oceur in southern Indiana; 8. tristis Lec., length 8 mm., was de-
seribed from Lake Superior and may occur in the northern third of
the State.
1808 (5681). Serica serrcva Ill., Mag. fur Insect., V, 1805, 75.
Oblong, convex, nearly parallel, male; broader behind, female. Pur-
plish-brown or piceous, strongly iridescent. Clypeus feebly emarginate, its
margin rather strongly reflexed; surface densely and roughly punctate;
yertex finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
sides feebly rounded; surface finely, sparsely and shallowly punctate. Ely-
tra of male rather deeply, of female more shallowly, sulcate, the grooves
with fine, irregular punctures; intervals convex, male, subconvex, female,
sparsely punctate. Length 8-9.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 20-July 12. Occurs
beneath shelter of various kinds; hibernates in pupal stage beneath
partly buried logs.
1809 (5689). Serica rrocirormis Uhbler, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. VII,
1855, 415.
Ovate, convex, nearly smooth, feebly shining. Ifead, thorax and under
surface black or piceous; elytra reddish-brown, the sides margined with
piceous; sometimes wholly piceous; antenne, tibie and tarsi reddish-brown.
Clypeus feebly emarginate, densely and coarsely punctate. Thorax convex,
sides slightly rounded, disk coarsely and rather densely punctured, with a
median impression on basal half. Elytra feebly suleate. the grooves sparsely
punctured; intervals subconvex, very sparsely punctured. Length 5-6 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 25. One specimen beaten from
wild rose bushes in woods. A southern form described from Bal-
timore.
XXII. Lacunosterna Hope. 1837. (Gr., ‘wool + breast.’’)
A large genus of robust, pale reddish- or yellowish-brown to
piceous beetles, familiarly known as ‘‘Mav beetles’? or ‘‘June
bugs.’’ They have the front coxe transverse not prominent, but
contained entirely in the coxal cavities; ventral segments six, firmly
united yet with sutures visible; the tarsal claws never serrate, but
with a single tooth beneath. All the species have long and numer-
ous, often very dense, hairs on the meso- and metasterna, hence the
VHB Dadwwuicbac? BEETLES. 959
generic name Lachnostcrne, meaning **wool’’ and ‘‘breast.’’ They
are abundant every-
where in early summer, ; :
hiding by day and be- é
ginning to fly at dusk,
when thev settle upon
the foliage of low shrubs
and trees, especially
those of lawns and other
grass-covered areas, to
which they often do
much damage by de-
vouring the leaves. The
best method of collect-
ing them is to go out
with lantern - and um- Fig. 373. Lacknosterna fusca Froh. 1, pupa, in its earthen cell; 2,
brella just after dusk larva; 3, 4. beetle, side and back views. (After Riley.)
and beat the branches
upon which they are feeding. In this way hundreds or even thou-
sands can be collected in a single evening. If the damage to shrubs
or small trees is too great the beetles may be easily gathered by
shaking them onto sheets.
The larve of the May beetles are those large, bulky forms com-
monly known as ‘‘white grubs.”’ (Fig. 373.) They often do much
damage to the roots of grass, corn and allied plants. Lawns and
strawberry beds are sometimes wholly ruined, the grubs gnawing
off every root at a certain depth. Living as they do. underground,
they are very difficult to combat. If the field is badly infested and
not in cultivation, hogs may be turned in to root them out, as they
are very fond of the grubs. Fall plowing turns out pup and re-
cently matured beetles and greatly lessens the damage to corn and
other crops the ensuing year. In lawns and small areas of grass
lands a kerosene emulsion, washed down by an abundance of water,
often destroys many of the larve.
On account of the great similarity in form, color and size, the
May beetles are difficult to determine, and for a long time were
often jumbled together in collections without specific names. How-
ever, Dr. Horn, in his Revision. furnished tables hy which, with a
little patience and close ohservation, the males can be readily recog-
nized. The females are more difficult and can only be determined
by careful comparison with the males, which they most resemble,
[61—23402]}
960 BAMA Tees incheen bcs gaee
or with which they are found in company. The two sexes may be
distinguished by the male being the less robust, less widened be-
hind and less convex; and in our species by having the antenne
usually longer and the club distinctly longer than in the female,
except in crenulata and albina. In most males the abdomen is more
or less flattened and the last two ventral segments are more or less
modified, the next to the last often bearing a transverse ‘‘ventral
ridge,’’ and the last segment a hollow depression or concavity.
The sexual organs have been shown by Smith (Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., loc. ci!.) to possess a certain and unvariable form in each
species, and in the future they will doubtless be largely relied upon
to furnish distinguishing characters. In fresh or relaxed speci-
mens they van be easily pressed out by squeezing the abdomen, or
removed by a pair of forceps. The name ‘‘clasper’’ has been given
to the horn-like organ whose variations form the specific differences
in the male, while those of the female consist of a pair of broad
“nferior plates.’’ above which are a pair of ‘‘superior plates,’’
generally smaller, narrower and much more variable than those
below. When the organs are most fully developed the superior
plates are notched at their point of union and are surmounted by a
‘““pubie process’’ very variable in shape in the species and there-
fore furnishing important distinguishing characters. In the fie-
ures of these sexual organs in the plates which follow, the letters
throughout have the same meaning, viz.: a, claspers of male from
front or above; b, right clasper; c, left clasper: d, female organs;
e, ventral characters of male. These are always sublettered as fol-
lows: 7, inferior plates; s, superior plates; p, pubic process.
The spurs of the hind tibiw of the males are also much used in
classification. In one division the two spurs are both free or mov-
able, heing united to the tibiwe hy a membranous hinge, and usually
inclined at an angle, as they are in all females. In the other and
larger division the inner spur is a fixed prolongation or part of the
edge of the tibie itself. A little practice will soon enable the be-
ginner to readily see the rigidity or fixedness of the inner spur,
without attempting to move it.
Much eare must be taken in countine the joints of the antenne,
which are cither nine or ten in number. The elith is alw ays com-
posed of three clongate joints, restine at right angles to the others.
(Fig. 4, No. 15.) Joint 7 or 6, as the case may be, is very thin,
triangular in form and closely appressed against the base of the
inner joint of the club, and is therefore liable to be overlooked.
(iit aia Sree BEETS 961
Moreover, specimens which normally have 10-jointed antenne, some-
times, but rarely, have two of the joints united, so that the number
is reduced to nine. The 9-jointed species, however, never have the
number of joints increased to ten.
In the papers by Drs. Horn and Smith, 93 species of Lachno-
sterna are recognized from the United States. Of these 26 have
been taken in Indiana, while nine others perhaps oceur. Since the
number of species is so large the genus is first divided into six
groups, and these, in turn, into species.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA LACIINOSTERNA.
a. Hind tibise of male with one spur fixed.
bv. Fixed spur of hind tibise of male very short; form oblong or elongate,
subcylindrical. Group -l. p. 961. ©
bb. Fixed spur of hind tibize of male at least moderately long; usually
half or more as long as the other.
ec. Apex of hind tibiz of male with a distinct sinuation or notch on
inner edge at baxe of fixed spur. Group Boop. 962.
cc, Apex of hind tibize of male squarely truncate.
d. Antenne 10-jointed.
ce. Body above elabrous. Group (. p. 905,
ee. Body above pubescent. Group FE. p. 976. 7
dd. Antenne 9-jointed ; body sometimes hairy. Group D, p. 974.>
aa. Hind tibiee of male with both spurs free and slender. Group F. p. 97S.
Group A.
Our three species classed in this eroup are oblong or elongate
and suheylindrieal in form, pale brownish-vellow in hue, and have
the inner spur of hind tibie of male short or wanting, the outer
long and slender.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Antenne 10-jointed ; clypeus feebly emarginate.
b. Inner spur of hind tibie of male distinct. 1810. EPHILIDA.
ob. Inner spur of hind tibise of male wholly absent; form more slender.
GLABERRIMA.
aa, Antenne 9-jointed ; clrypeus deeply emarginate. 181]. LONGITARSIS.
1810 (5749). LACHNOSTERNA EPHILIDA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
WV, 1825, 196% ibid. IT, 298.
Moderately elongate. subcylindrical. Pale brownish-yellow. shining;
head and thorax darker. Clypeus broadly rounded or very feebly emargi-
nate, coarsely but Jess densely punctured than the front. the border re
flexed. Thorax short. narrowed in front. rather coarsely. not closely punc-
tate. Elytra more coarsely and deeply punctured. the submarginal costa
962 FAMILY L.—-
obsolete. Metasternum closely punctate, the hair sparse and long. Tarsal
claws with a stroug median tooth. Male with antennal club a little shorter
than stem; the next to last ventral segment feebly and broadly emarginate,
the last one more deeply emarginate and abruptly concave; both roughened
or granulate in front of the emarginations. Length 14-18 mm. (Plate I,
fig. 377.)
Clark County; rare. July 22. <A species of southern range.
L. glaberrima Blanch., length 13-15 mm., is known from Illinois,
New York and southward.
1811 (5744). LAcHNOSTERNA LONGITARSIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 241; ibid. II, 141.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pale straw yellow; front of head
piceous. Clypeus concave, coarsely and very sparsely punctured; front
coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax short, strongly curved in front
of middle, margin entire, surface somewhat irregular, rather coarsely, shal-
lowly and closely punctate. Elytra coarsely and shallowly punctured, the
submarginal costa rather well defined. Metasternum closely but indistinctly
punctate, the hairs rather long, sparse. Male with antennal club a little
longer than stem; abdomen slightly flattened at middle, last segment irregu-
larly concave. Length 10.5-13 mm. (Plate I, fig. 379.)
Vigo County; rare. July 28. One specimen in Wolcott collec-
tion taken at light in the city of Terre Haute. A western form
whose range is given as Illinois to Kansas. Montana and southward.
Group B.
The essential characters of this group are the sinuation of the
apex of the hind tibie, together with the more or less emarginate
elypeus and the 10-jointed antenne. The inner spur of the hind
tibie is long, fixed and usually more or less curved or contorted.
Three species ascribed to the eroup have heen taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Form slender, subeylindrical; color pale reddish- or brownish-yellow ;
tooth of tarsal claws small, placed slightly below the middle.
1812. GRACILIs.
aa. Form oblong-oval, more or less robust; color reddish-yellow to dark
brown ; tooth of claws strong.
b. Inner spur of hind tibie of male curved at middle and angularly
bent at tip; color pale chestnut brown; length 12-16 mm,
1813. GIBBOSA.
bb. Inner spur not angularly bent, usually nearly as long as the outer
spur; color dark reddish or chestnut brown, the surface more or
less hoary or pruinose. 1814. PRUNINA.
PLATE I.
Fig. 379.
a
Fig. 378.
SexvaL Oncans or Lachnosterna, (After Smith in Proc. I’. 5. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI, 1888.)
F'g. 376, L. gibbosa <4 jizs.1; Fig. 377, L. ephilida (3 figs.); Fig. 378 L. prunina (4 figs.); Fig. 379, L. longi-
tarsis (2 figs.); Fig. 380 L. gracilis (3 fig-.); Fig. 381, L. tristis (2 figs.); Fig. 382, L. micans (3 fies).
964 FAMILY L.—scCA\ RABI DAL,
1812 (——). LaAcHNOSTERNA GRACILIS Burm., Handb. Entom., 1V, 1855, 361.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Pale reddish-yellow, thorax somewhat darker ;
head fuscous or piceous. Clypeus short, broadly, not deeply emarginate,
rather closely, not coarsely punctate. Antennal joints either 9 or 10 in
number. Thorax short, sides strongly curved in front of middle, nearly
straight behind, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Tlytra
more coarsely and closely punctate than thorax, the cost:ie almost obsolete.
Metasternum sparsely punctured, the hairs short and sparse. Male with
antennal club as long as stem; abdomen slightly flattened, fifth segment
sloping downward, last segmeut feebly concave. Length 10.5-13 mm. (Plate
I, fig. 880.)
One specimen taken hy Wolcott near Hessville, Lake County.
July 25. Oceurs from Canada to North Carolina and Texas.
1813 (——). LaAcHNOSTERNA GiIBBosaA Burm., Handb. Ent.. IV. 1855, 324
Oblong, convex, slightly broader
behind. Pale chestnut or dark red-
dish-brown, smooth, moderately
shining. Clypeus very feebly emar-
ginate, more deeply in female, both
it and the front rather sparsely and
coarsely punctured. Thorax rather
short and convex, margin slightly
crenate, ciliate with long hairs;
disk coarsely and rather sparsely
punctate, usually with a smooth me-
dian space. Hlytral punctures as
coarse as those of thorax; the sub-
marginal costa faintly visible on ap-
ical half. Metasternum densely Fig. 374. x2. a, ventral characters of male; b, apex o
punctured, the hair long and close. hind tibia of male, showing the form of spurs.
Male with antennal club a little Eee
shorter than stem; abdomen broadly impressed, fifth segment feebly con-
vex and granulate at middle, last segment deeply concave; inner spur of
hind tibis somewhat S-shaped. Length 12-16 min. (Fig. 374 and Pl. I,
fig. 376.)
2 Md
Common in the southern half of State; much less so in the
northern portion. April 3—\ugust 22. Specimens on April 3 and
April 12 were taken beneath cover and had Just emerged as imagovs.
Others were taken at light on April 18th and 19th. Readily known
hy the pale color, long ciliw of thorax and peculiar inner hind tibial
spur of male. LZ, futilis Lec. of the Henshaw ( ‘atalogue, is the male
of gibbosa and L. serricornis Tee. the female.
vem a es S BEETLES. 965
IS14 (5773), LacHNosterNa PRUNINA Lec. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TIT, 1856, 251.
Oblong-ovate. moderately robust. Dark reddish- or chestnut-brown to
piceous, the surface usually with a purplish or hoary coating. Clrpeus
broadly emarginate. densely punctured, the front more coarsely and roughly
punctured. Thorax with margin xerrate. sparsely ciliate: disk with very
coarse. elesely placed punctures. dense near the front angles, the median
line usually smooth. Elytral punctures fine, indistinct, sparsely placed; all
the cost:e moderately distinct. Metasternum densely punctured, the hair
long and dense. male: sparser and much shorter. female. Male with an-
tennal club a little longer than the funicle: abdomen flattened at middle,
fifth segment with a strongly elevated, rugcse ridge behind which the seg-
ment is rather deeply impressed: last segment irregularly concave, with
small granulations. Length 17-21 mm. (PI. I, fig. 378.)
Lake and Vigs counties: scarce. June 7-August 11. A num-
ber of specimens have been taken along the beach of Lake Michigan.
Said to occur on raspherry bushes. Ranges from Ohio and Michi-
gan to Kansas and Texas.
Group C.
Tu this group belong a number of our best known and most com-
mon species. All agree in having the hody not pubescent above,
usually shining, rarely pruinose or iridescent; antenne 10-jointed;
elypeus usually emarginate; hind tibie truncate at apex. without
trace of sinuaticn at the base of the fixed spur. this spur usually
long and straight. Twelve species have been taken in the State,
while four others perhaps oecur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP tC.
a. Clypeus net densely punctured. its margin moderately reflexed. feebly
emarginate; side margins of thorax not serrate. disk never very
coarsely punctured.
}). Last ventral] segment of male with a distinct cup-shaped depression :
fifth segment with a very feeble transverse ridge near the hind
border; form short and robust: color pale chestuut brown.
CRASSISSIMA.
bb. Last ventral segment of male without any well defined concavity;
clypeus distinctly emarginate.
c¢ Fifth ventral sezment of male with a semicircular. slightly rugu-
lose depression. without a transverse ridge. 1815. INVERSA.
ec, Fifth ventral segment of male with a transverse. more or less
sinuous ridge in front of the hind margin of the segment.
d. Surtace with a conspicuous hoary or pruinose coating.
1816. MICANS.
dd. Surface not at all pruinose.
966 FAMILY lL.
SCATUA BAG DE,
¢. Form oblong, depressed ; punctuation of thorax and elytra rela-
tively very coarse. DIFFINIS,
ce, Form larger, more robust; punctuation not conspicuously
coarse.
f. Fixed spur of hind tibise of male long, feebly curved, and
with a slight hook at tip. 1817. VEHEMENS.
ff. Fixed spur of hind tibixe of male moderate in length and
straight.
g. Ventral ridge of fifth segment of male more or less curved.
h. Ventral ridge with the ends only overhanging behind,
the curve but slight, the middle of the ridge lower and
sloping gradually downward behind; last ventral seg-
ment of female not emarginate. 1S18. FUSCA.
hh. Ventral ridge overhanging its full length behind, shorter
and more decidedly curved; last ventral segment of
female emarginate.
i. Ends of ventral ridge at the extreme hind margin of
the fifth segment and somewhat overhanging the last
segment. 1819. ARCUATA.
ii. Ends of ventral ridge at some distance from the hind
margin of the fifth segment. 1820. DUBIA.
gg. Ventral ridge straight, not overhanging behind.
1821. GRANDIS.
aa. Clypeus densely punctured, its margin narrowly reflexed, rather deeply
emarginate; side margins of thorax more or less serrate.
j. Thorax not angulate at the sides, usually broader at base than mid-
dle.
k. Submarginal costa of elytra well marked, reaching very nearly the
humeral prominence; thorax with scattered coarse punctures and
smooth spaces of variable size. 1822, MARGINALIS.
kk. Submarginal costa very feeble, visible only on apical third.
7. Antennal club of male neurly a third longer than the entire stein ;
last ventral without a deep cup-shaped impression. SPRETA.
il. Antennal club of male very little longer than the funicle; last
ventral with a deep impression.
wm. Thorax rather evenly punctured, its margin not distinctly cre-
nate; fifth ventral segment of male impressed at middle and
slightly granulate, with a feebly oblique ridge each side.
1823. FRATERNA.
‘mm. Thorax sparsely and very irregularly punctured, with large
smooth spaces near the center, its margin distinctly crenate;
fifth ventral segment of male with a distinct curved granu-
late ridge, behind which the segment is deeply impressed.
1824. Nova.
jj. Thorax angulate at the sides, broader at middle than base.
nv. Thorax densely and confluently punctured and with an elevated
smooth median line; elytral costie feeble but distinct.
KNOCHI,
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 967
nn, Thorax less densely and not confiuently punctured, without an ele-
vated median line.
o. Fifth ventral uf male deeply concave and granulate behind the
middle, with an oblique ridge each side; thorax coarsely and
rather closely punctate, the median line smooth.
1825. RUGOSA.
oo. Fifth ventral of male with a strongly elevated, overhanging
curved ridge, sometimes divided at middle; thorax more finely
and irregularly punctured, having smooth spaces but no smooth
median line. 1826. HORNII.
L. crassissima Blanch., length 15-21 mm., is known from New
York, [linois, Kansas and Texas.
1815 (10,235). LACHNOSTERNA INVERSA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIV,
1887, 241.
Oblong-oval, scarcely broader behind. Reddish- or chestnut-brown, mod-
erately shining. Clypeus feebly emarginate, rather closely punctate. Tho-
rax with sides nearly parallel behind, slightly curved in front of middle, |
margin entire, sparsely ciliate; surface with moderately coarse punctures
not closely placed. Elytral punctures more closely placed than those of
thorax, distinctly rugulose along the middle; discal and submarginal cost
very feeble. Male with antennal club nearly as long as the stem; last ven-
tral segment broadly and transversely impressed; inner spur of hind tibixe
broad, short and obtuse. Length 15-18 mm. (PI. II, fig. 383.)
Vigo and Knox counties; searce. May 9-May 29. Taken at
electric light. Resembles fusca but shorter, more slender and with
the elytra more distinctly rugulose or wrinkled; the male ventral
characters also widely different.
1816 (5761). LACHNOSTERNA MICANS Jsnoch., New Beytr., 1801, 77.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Brownish-black, surface with a hoary
coating. Clypeus concave. very slightly emarginate, its surface rather
coursely, not closely punctate. Thorax with margins entire or nearly so;
surface rather coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctured, the median line
smoother. Elytra punctured similarly to thorax. Metasternum densely
punctured, the hair rather long and dense. Male with antennal club shorter
than stem; fifth ventral with a feebly elevated curved ridge at middle; last
segment irregularly concave: inner spur of hind tibie half the length of
outer, slender and slightly curved outwardly. Length 15-17 mm. (PI. I,
fig. 382.)
Monroe, Lawrence, Gibson and Perry counties; frequent. May
16—June 21. One of our smaller species, easily known hy the hoary
coating. When this is removed the color is dark reddish-brown.
968 PAMILY
SCALAB/EID.E.
L. diffinis Blanch., dark reddish-brown, length 15 mm., is a
southern specics which has been taken near Cincinnati.
1817 (10,287). LaciNoStERNA VEHEMENS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Suoc.,
XIV, 1887, 244.
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, strongly
shining. Clypeus very slightly emarginate, somewhat coneaye, its surface
rather finely, not closely punctate. Thorax narrowed toward base, its sides
behind middle nearly straight, curved in front; margin entire with short
cilie; disk relatively finely and sparsely punctured. Jlytral punctures in-
distinct except at base and sides, rugulose at middle; submarginal costa
well developed. Male with antennal club shorter than stem; fifth segment
with a curved ridge overhanging or projecting in the manner of a ledge,
except at middle; last segment broadly and transversely impressed, its apex
broadly emarginate; hind femora broadly angulate at middle. Length 21.5-
23 mm. (PI. III, fig. 394.)
Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. April 16-May 1. Specimens
which had just emerged were taken on the two dates named. It
occurs more commonly in damp localities and is one of our largest
species.
IS18 (5757). LacHnosrerna rusca Froh., Naturforscher, 1792, 99.
Oblong, robust. Light to dark chestnut brown or piceous, shining. Cly-
peus slightly emarginate, its surface rather finely and closely punctate;
front a little more coarsely and less closely punctate. Thorax always
widest at base, usually feebly curved from middle to apex: margin entire,
with short ciliw; surface never very closely or coarsely punctate, usually
with a smooth median line, Elytra more closely punctate than thorax, the
submarginal costa distinct on basal half. Metasternum densely punctured,
the hair long and dense. Male with antennal club as Jong as or slightly
longer than stem; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment as de-
scribed in key; last ventral feebly concave. Dubie process of female a
single cylindrical rod, terminating in an obtuse point. Length 17.5-21 mm.
(Pl. ILI, fig. 391; pl. IV, fig. 398.)
Throughout the State; common. March 25-June 19. Our most
abundant and injurious member of the genus, occurring by thou-
sands at electric lights during its season. .\s usually known, and
as described hy Horn, several species were confused which were
afterward separated by John B. Smith in the papers, loc. cit. All
of these have the thorax rather finely and sparsely punctate. The
form fusca is generally smaller than these species, except arcuala,
and in the male the ventral ridge is lower in the middle than on
either side. The female is readily distinguished from its allies by
not having the last ventral segment emareinate.
Puate II.
Fig. 386.
‘a
Fig. 387. Fig. 388.
SexcaL Orcaxs or Lacayosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. 8. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI, 1888.)
Fra. 383, L. inversa (5 figs.); Fig. 884. L. balia (4 figs.); Fig. 385, D. fraterna (6 figs.); Fig. 386, L. marginalis
(4 figs.); Fig. 387. L. nove (4 figs.); Fig. 388, L. crenulata (3 figs.).
970 FAMILY L.—SCARABAID.E.
1819 (10,238). LAcHNOSTERNA ARCUATA Smith, Insect Life, I, 1888, 183.
Resembles fusca in form, size and color. The males can be easily sep-
arated by the ventral characters, the ridge of the fifth segment being very
much curved, very much overhanging, the ends reaching the apical margin
of the segment, while the arch, combined with the depression of the last
segment, forms a perfect oval. The space included by the arch of the ridge
is smooth, in dubia it is punctured. The females are distinguished from
those of fusca by having the last ventral segment emarginate. From those
of dubia they can be known only by the genital structure, the ‘superior
plates” being large and quadrate, while those of dubia are narrow and
linear. (PI. III, fig. 389.)
Porter, Monroe and Posey counties; scarce. Mav 13-June 29.
1820 (10,240). LacHNOSTERNA DUBIA Smith, loc. cit., p. 185.
Resembles fusca in all outward appearance, the ventral characters of
the male alone separating that sex. ‘The ventral ridge is decidedly less
curved than in arcuate and more curved and in every way more distinctly
marked than in fusca, overhanging or projecting like a ledge behind for its
full length. Female with the pubic process broad, stout and forked at apex,
as in arcuata, but twice as long as there, the branches broad, somewhat
flattened and obliquely truncate; the superior plates narrow and linear.
Length 17.5-23 mm. (PI. II, fig. 390.)
Lake, Kosciusko, Vigo and Crawford counties; frequent. May
10-June 19. Probably throughout the State. The clypeus is more
distinctly emarginate than in fusca.
1821 (10,241). LacHNosTEeRNA GRANDIS Smith, loc. cit., p. 181.
Resembles fusca, but usually larger and more robust. Sides of thorax
more subangulate before the middle and upper surface much smoother, the
caringe of elytra being less distinct and the punctures finer, so that it has a
glossy or satiny appearance. Male with ventral ridge without a perceptible
curve, not overhanging; last ventral granulate-punctate. Female with last
segment emarginate and the middle of abdomen, especially toward the base,
distinctly punctate; pubic process deeply forked, the branches much more
slender than in the two preceding species. Length 21-23 mm. (Pl. V,
fig. 400.)
Steuben, Putnam and Vigo counties; searee. April 18—June 16.
1822 (5771). LACHNOSTERNA MARGINALIS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VII, 1856, 250.
Oblong, rather slender, slightly broader behind. Reddish- or chestnut-
brown to piceous, shining. Clypeus moderately emarginate, its surface
deeply and rather coarsely, the front more coarsely punctured. Thorax
broadest at base, sides curved from middle to apex, margin slightly irregu-
lar, with short cilie; surface very coarsely, sparsely and irregularly pune-
tured, with large smooth places on each side slightly in front of middle.
Elytral punctures rather fine and moderately close, the costze distinet, but
narrow and feebly elevated. Male with antennal club a little longer than
Pruate III.
Fig, 389.
ar
Fig. 393.
a jae a8
Af ba
Fig. 391. Fig. 394.
SexvaL OrGans or LacuNosrerna. (After Smith in Proc. U.S. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI 1888.)
Pa a ee = se ae ae ee a ‘ae ee ig wa Se oe te Se aaa
SCAR A BART DIY.
972 PAMILY L.
stem; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment with a semicirculur
rugulose elevation in front of a rather deep, smooth depression; last seg-
ment vaguely and transversely impressed. Female with pubic process long,
deeply forked, the branches truncate at tip. Length 16-20 mm. (PI. II,
fig. 386.)
Lake, Porter, Putnam and Perry counties; scarce. April 22-
July 16. Ranges trom New York to Illinois and southward. The
more slender, oblong body, distinet submarginal costa and coarsely
and irregularly punctured thorax should readily distinguish this
species.
L. sprcta Horn, obleng, chestnut-brown or fuscous, length 16.5—
18 mm., is a rare species described from Maryland and Iowa.
1823 (5767). LACHNOSTERNA FRATERNA Harr., Insects Injur. to Veg., 1541, 24,
Oblong, scarcely broader behind. Reddish-brown, fuscous or piceous,
shining. Clypeus broadly emarginate, its surface densely punctured; front
more coarsely and less densely punctured. Thorax gradually narrowed
from base to apex, sides feebly curved, margin entire or slightly irregular ;
surface rather coarsely and evenly punctured, a narrow median line smooth.
Elytral punctures finer and more dense than those of thorax, somewhat
rugulose on the sides: the costie usually very feeble. Metasternum densely
punctured, the hair not long or dense. Male with antennal club equal to or
slightly longer than the funicle; abdomen feebly flattened at middle, ventral
ridge as described in key; last segment deeply concave and smooth. Female
with pubic process long, somewhat flattened, expanded at base, the superior
plates wholly lacking. Length 15-18 mm. (PI. II, fig. 385.)
Crawford County; rare. May 24. Will probably be found to
cceur throughout the southern third of State.
1824 (10,247). LaciNosrerna Nova Smith, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., NI, tSSs,
509.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Chestnut-brown, shining. Clypeus
moderately emarginate, its surface densely and coarsely punctured: front
less densely sv. Thorax as in fraterna, except as mentioned in key. Ely-
tral punctures finer and much more closcly placed than those of thorax, the
cost feeble but evident. Male ventral surface as in fraterna except as
noted in key; the claspers not more than half as large and quite different in
structure. (See plate.) Length 14-18 mm. (PI. II, fig. 387.)
Vigo and Lawrenee counties; rare. April 2A-July 29. The
male is casily distinguished from fralerna by the distinet curved
ventral ridge.
L. knochtt Gy, clongate-oval, reddish-brown to plecous, leneth
1.5-23.5 mm., is said to ceeur from Massachusetts to Georgia.
Xe)
1825 (5774+). LAcHNOSTERNA RUGOS\ Melsh.. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci
II, 1844, 140.
Oblong. rather robust, broader behind. Dark reddish- or chestnut-
brown to piceous, shining. Clypeus acutely and rather deeply emarginate
Fig, 395.
Fig. 396.
Fig. 397. Fig. 399.
(After Smith in Proc. U.S. Nat’l Museum. Vol, XI, 1888; Figs 597 and
or LACHNOSTERNA.
308 after Forbes.)
Sexuat ORGANS
, ee a Bae): Figs. 397 and 399, L, rugosa (6 figs.); Fig. 398°
we ea
974 FAMILY L.—SCARAB.FID.F.
densely and moderately coarsely punctate; front more coarsely punctate.
Thorax widest at middle. vbtusely angulate. distinctly narrowed at base:
margin crenate, sparsely ciliate. punctured as described in key. Elytral
punctures finer than those of therax, very dense. Trugulese near the suture;
submarginal costa distinct on apical half. Hair of metasternum long and
dense, male, very short. female. Male with antennal club a little longer
than stem; fifth veutral deeply and transversely depressed behind the mid-
dle. with an oblique elevation each ide of the concavity: last ventral con-
care, smooth. the apex breadly and triangularly emarginate. the notch filled
by a membrane. Length 1422 mm. (PI. IV. figs. 397, 599: pl. V. fig. 404.
larva.)
Throughout the state; frequent. May 19-October 15. Smaller
and usually paler than the next species.
1826 (10.252). LacHNosTERNA HORNTI Smith. Entom. Amer., V. 1$8°. 95.
Obleng-oval, robust. not broader bebind. Deep blackish-brown or pic-
ecus, shining. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate. more acutely in female,
its surface coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax distinctly narrower in
front. the sides obtusely angulate. widest just behind the middle, thence nar-
rowed to hase. margin feebly crenate. surfuce punctured as described In key.
Elytral punctures finer, much more dense, somewhat rugulese. the cost
narrow but distinct. Male with antennal club slightly longer than funicle:
last ventral with a quadrate punctured impression. the hind margin with a
small. deep notch; fixed spur short. less than half the length of outer.
Length 19-21 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 395.)
Vigo, Lawrence and Crawterd counties; scarce. May 1—June
19. A species of sonthern range. Near Wyandotte Cave it was
locally common on May 17, beneath legs on wooded slopes. Known
from Tennessee, Ohio and Virginia.
GrotP D.
Small or medium-sized species having the antenne nine-jointed;
clypeus emarginate; inner spur of hind tibia of male fixed and at
least half as long as the outer one. Three species have been taken
in Indiana, while two others perhaps oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPLCIES OF GROUP D.
a. Body with erect hairs rather sparsely placed; form moderately elongate.
the sides parailel.
b. Inner spur of hind tibie of male distinctly shorter and stouter than
the outer one. HIRSUTA.
bb. Inner spur of hind tibiwe of male fully as long and scarcely stronger
than the outer: elytra with distinet lines of longer hair.
LONGISPINA.
aa. Body above entirely elabrous. with the exception of erect hairs on the
head.
THE LAMELLICORN BRETLES. 975
ec. Form more or less ovate; front without erect hairs; last ventral of
male convex ; fifth ventral concave, with a short oblique ridge each
side. 1827. IMPLICITA.
cc. Form more elongate, parallel; front with erect hairs.
d. Last segment of male with a cup-shaped impression ; clypeus broad-
ly not deeply emarginate; pubic process of female slender and
bifid at tip. 1828. BALIA.
dd. Last segment of male broadly and shallowly concave, with a longi-
tudinal impression at middle; clypeus deeply emarginate; pubic
process of female bifid but short, broad and stout.
1829. VILLIFRONS.
L. hirsuta Knoch, reddish-brown to piceous, length 15-18 mm.,
and L. longispina Smith, reddish-brown, margins of thorax crenu-
late, length 17 mm., are both known from Michigan.
1827 (10,255). LacHNosTERNA IMPLIcITA Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.,
XIV, 1887, 262.
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Elytra brown, head and thorax always
darker, more nearly piceous, body beneath paler than above. Clypeus rather
deeply and acutely emarginate, its surface closely and rather coarsely punc-
tate. Thorax widest at middle, the margin feebly crenate, with short cilix ;
surface coarsely and regularly but not closely punctate, the median line
usually smoother. Punctures of elytra more shallow and dense than those
of thorax, somewhat rugose; costs feeble, the submarginal more distinct.
Male with antennal club longer than stem; ventral characters as given in
key. Length 14-17 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 396.)
Southern half of State, frequent; Lake County, rare. May 6-
June 9. Occurs abundantly at electric light in Vigo County.
Readily distinguished from the next two by the broader form,
difference in color and convex last ventral segment of male.
1828 (5782). LACHNOSTERNA BALIA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1825, 194; ibid. II, 297.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Chestnut brown, moderately shining.
Head coarsely and rather densely punctured; front convex, with erect hairs.
Thorax narrowed in front, widest at middle, very slightly narrowed behind,
margin entire with rather long ciliz; surface coarsely, not closely and some-
what irregularly punctured, usually with a smooth median space. Elytra
more finely and rather densely and roughly punctured. Male with club of
antennie as long as stem; abdomen broadly flattened at middle, the fifth
segment with a curved transverse elevation in front of a slight concavity.
Length 15-16 mm. (PI. II, fig. 384.)
Southern and western portions of the State north to Fountain
County ; frequent. April 18-May 27. Oceurs beneath leaves along
the borders of woods and also at electric light.
[62—23402]
976 FAMILY L.—SCARABATIDA.
1829 (5783). LAcIINOSTERNA VILLIFRONS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VIT, IN G6, 25D.
Oblong, moderately elougate. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining.
Ilead coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax narrowed in front, sides
regularly curved, margin not crenate and with short cilise; surface coarsely,
deeply and sparsely punctured, often with large smooth spaces. Elytral
punctures coarse and very dense, the discal costie indistinct. Male with an-
tennal club as long as stem; abdomen broadly flattened at middle, the fifth
segment with a feeble curved elevation, Length 14.5-16 mm. (PI. V, fig.
402.)
Posey County; searee. April.15-May 10. Those on the carlier
date were taken from teneath bark of oak stuinps and logs.
Group FE.
All the memhers of this group are more or less hairy and have
the antenne 10-jointed, the club of male shorter than in the pre-
ceding groups; clypeus emarginate; inner spur of hind tibiw of
male fixed and rather long; claws armed with a strong median tooth.
Three of the four known species have been taken in Indiana, while
the other probably occurs.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP E.
a. Basal margin of thorax with an impressed line reaching from hind an-
gles nearly to middle; sides of thorax not subangulate.
b. Elytra with rows of erect hairs. 1880. HIRTICULA.
bb. Elytra with fine scattered suberect hairs. Ie], DELATA.
ad. Basal margin of thorax without impressed line, the median line usually
finely carinate; sides subangulate.
¢, Surface of elytra more or less hoary or pruinose ; pubescence fine, uni-
form and recumbent. 1S32, LCT.
ee. Surface not pruinose; elytra with rows of shore erect hairs in addi-
tion to the recumbent ones. CILIATA.
1830 (5780). LACHNOSTERNA HIRTICULA Knoch., Neue Beytr., 1S8oO1, 79.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Reddish-hbrown to dark chestnut-brown,
shining; head and thorax with erect hairs. Elytra with five lines of erect
hairs along the usual costrze. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate, surface
coarsely and very densely punctured. Thorax ‘harrower at apex, sides
usually entire, with short cilim; surface with coarse, rather sparse variolute
punctures. Elytra with much finer, rather dense, feebly impressed punc-
tures, the margin fringed with long hairs. Male with antennal club 2 little
longer than the funicle; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment more
depressed behind the middle, with a short oblique ridge each side, sometimes
with a well marked transverse ridge in front of middle. Length 16.5-19 mm.
(Pl. V, fig. 4038.)
Throughout the State; common in the southern counties, less so
in the north. Mareh 25— July 1. Those on the earlier date from
heneath stones. Quite variable in form and size, but readily known
by the lines of erect elytral hairs.
PLATE V.
Fig. 402. Fig. 403.
Sextat Orcans or Lacnnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. 8. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XJ, 1888; Fig. 404 after
Forbes).
Fig. 400, L. grandis (5 figs.); Fig. 401, L. ilicis (3 figs.); Fig. 402, L. villifrons (4 figs.); Fig. 403, L. hirticula
G4 figs.); Fig. 404, larva of L. rugosa.
@-.
978 FAMILY L.—SCARABAIDA,
1831 (10,258). LacrrnosTerNa peLata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIV,
1887, 267.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Piceous brown, head and thorax more
shining; sparsely clothed with short, semi-erect grayish hairs. Clypeus
rather deeply and broadly emarginate, its surface densely and coarsely
punctate. Thorax with margin subcrenate and ciliate; surface with coarse,
deep punctures not closely placed, each with a short, semi-erect hair. Ely-
tra finely and rather closely punctate, the coste indistinct. Male with ab-
domen feebly flattened at middle, the fifth segment broadly and rather
deeply depressed behind the middle, with «n oblique fold each side; last seg-
ment acutely notched at apex and with a shallow concavity marked with a
longitudinal line. Length 15-17 mm. (PI. III, fig. 392.)
Orange County; rare. May 28. Two specimens taken at elec-
trie light. Known only from Kentucky and Illinois. Resembles
hirsuta but more oval, less hairy and with 10-jointed antenne.
1832 (5777). LAcHNosteRNA ILicis Knoch.. Neue Beytrage zur Insect,
1801, 79.
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Brown, more or less opuque; head pic-
eous; elytra pruinose. Clypeus rather deeply cimarginate, surface very
densely and coarsely punctured. ‘Thorax widest at middle, slightly nar-
rowed at base, side margins crenate and ciliate; surface densely granulate-
punctate, covered with a rather close, recumbent pubescence; usually with
a slightly elevated smooth median line. Flytra densely punctate and finely
rugulose; discal costs indistinct, submarginal moderately distinct. Male
with abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment broadly transversely
impressed with an oblique ridge each side; last segment irregularly concave,
distinctly emarginate at apex. Length 19-23.5 mm. (PI. V, fig. 401.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22—July 24. Our largest
hairy species.
L. ciliata Lee., length 20-21.5 mm., is known from Wisconsin,
Illinois, Missouri and Georgia.
Group I.
In this group the spurs of hind tibie of male are both free,
movable and slender. The species vary much in form and size and
comprise the Indiana species of Groups XII, XV, and XVI of
Horn. Three have been taken in the State, while two others per-
haps occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP fF,
a. Antennie 10-jointed; body more or less hairy.
b. Clypeus more or less emarginate, extended on to the eye at base.
ec. Margin of thorax strongly crenate; pubescence of upper surface
yellowisn. TSa5. CRENT LATA.
ce Margin of thorax entire; pubesceuce rather dense, white.
1834. ALBINA.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 979
bb. Clypeus entire, rather deeply concave, not extended on to the eye at
base; elytra with abundant erect hair; color pale brownish- or
reddish-yellow. 1835. TRISTIS.
aa. Antenne $-jointed; hind angles of thorax distinct; clypeus emarginate.
d. Surface shining. INEPTA.
dd. Surface subopaque vr iridescent. QUERCUS.
1833 (5789). LacHNOSTERNA CRENULATA Frohl., Naturforscher, 1792, 94.
Oblong, robust, very little wider behind. Brown, feebly shining, sur-
face clothed with very short yellowish recumbent hairs, often with erect
hairs intermingled. Clypeus feebly emarginate, surface coarsely and closely
punctate, with short, erect hairs. Thorax with side margins coarsely ser-
rate; surface coarsely and rather densely punctate, with rather long, erect
yellowish hairs and with the median smooth line interrupted. Elytral
punctures much finer than those of thorax, evenly and rather closely placed ;
submarginal cost well marked and entire. Male with antennal club as
long as funicle; fifth ventral segment vaguely concave at middle; hind tibiz
with both spurs free. Length 17-20 mm. (I'l. II, fig. 38S.)
Lake, Porter, Owen and Vigo counties; frequent. Probably oe-
curs throughout the State. May 7-June 29. A more narrow and
parallel form than ilicis, with the hairs of thorax erect and not re-
cumbent as there.
1834 (5790). LactinosTErRNA ALBINA Burm... Handbuch Entom., IV, 1835, 328.
Oblong-oval, distinctly bruader behind. Brown, moderately shining,
rather densely clothed with white hairs. Clypeus emarginate, densely punc-
tured and with short, erect hairs, which become longer on the front. Tho-
rax with sides obtusely angulate, the margins entire; surface rather closely
and coarsely punctate, without smooth median line. Elytra nearly as
coarsely. but less densely punctured than thorax; coste well marked, the
whitish pubescence with a few erect hairs. Male with antennal club a lit-
tle longer than the funicle; ventral segments slightly flattened at middle.
Female with club distinctly shorter than funicle. Length 15-18 mm. (Pl.
III, fig. 393.)
Marion County; scarce. May 22. Occurs on the flowers and
leaves of the red haw, Crataegus, in low, open woods. <A rare form,
known only from Ohio, Indiana and Mississippi. Easily recognized
by the conspicuous white pubescence of the surface.
1885 (5796). LACHNOSTERNA TRISTIS Fab.. Spec. Ins.. I, 1781, 39.
Oblong-elongate, or slightly oval, a little broader be-
hiud. Light to dark, dull brownish-yellow, sparsely clothed
with short. semi-erect hairs on elytra, with longer, erect
yellowish hair on thorax and base of elytra. Clypeus en-
tire, concave, coarsely and sparsely punctured, not pro-
longed at sides on the eyes. Thorax with margins entire,
fringed with long hairs, disk coarsely and rather closely
punctured. FElytra evenly and rather closely punctured,
the costz obsolete. Male with antennal club slightly
longer than stem; abdomen flattened at middle; fifth seg- fig. 375. y 13.
ment with a short, transverse acute ridge near the front (After Knobel.)
980 PAMILY f.—SCARAB.ED DAL
border; last segment with the front margin elevated and a ridge pro-
longed backward at middle. Length 11.5-14.5 mm. (Fig. 375 and Pl. I,
fig. 381.)
Throughout the State; common. <April 8—June 9. Readily
known by the small size, pale color and erect hairs of thorax, taken
in connection with the other characters mentioned in key.
L. incepta Horn, oblong, subevlindrieal, reddish-yellow, length 15
mm., was deseribed from Ohio. L. guercus Knoch, oblong, cylin-
drical, reddish-vcllow, head darker, elytra paler, length 14.5-16
mm., oceurs from the Middle States southward to Georgia.
Subfamily III. PLEUROSTICTI.
The members of this subfamily are mainly distinguished by the
position of the abdominal spiracles, the second pair being located in
the membrane connecting the dorsal and ventral segments, the third
on the outer limit of the membrane and the others in the upper or
dorsal portion of the ventral segments. The last two pairs diverge
strongly and are usually visible on the sides of the abdomen below
the elytra, which do not ccver the last dorsal segment or pygidium.
They are more closely and heavily built insects than the Melolonthi-
ne, and like them are, for the most part, vegetable feeders or ‘leaf
chafers.’’ The general color is lighter and often variegated; the
antenny 9- or 10-jointed, with the club three-jointed and rarely
elongated in the males, and the ligula is always horn-like and firmly
united with the mentum, For convenience the subfamily is sub-
divided into three tribes, all of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO TRIBES OF PLEUROSTICTI.
a. Claws of the tarsi unequal in size, the inner one usually much more
slender than the outer. Tribe I. Ruretini, p. YS0.
ad. Claws of the tarsi equal in size.
b. Front coxie transverse, not prominent; body above convex (except
in Philcurus). Tribe TT.) DyNastint p. OSS.
bb. Front cox conical. prominent: body ahove somewhat flattened or
nearly level. Tribe III. Crronunxi p. 995.
Tribe I. RUTELINI.
Oblong, convex, usually robust species, havine the labrum short,
horizontal and sinuate: mentum quadrate; seutellum usually
rounded behind; tarsi short, with evlindrieal joints ;
metathorax narrow with the epimera visible. They live for the
most part on the leaves of trees and vines and some of them are very
Injurions, especially to the foli lage of the grape.
side pieces of
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 981
The following papers embrace the principal literature treating
of the North American genera:
Horn.—‘ Notes on the Species of Anomala inhabiting the United
States,’’? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XT, 1884, 157-164.
Horn — ‘Table of Speeies of the Genus Cotalpa,’’ in Trans.
Amer. Entom. Soc., ITI, (871, 238.
Wickham, H. F.— ‘The North American Specics of Cotalpa,’’ in
Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soe., NTI, 1995, 1-4.
Nelueffcr, Chas.—* Notes on some Species of the Genus Anomala
with Descriptions of New Species.’ in Journ. N, Y. Entom.
Soe., XIV, 1906, 1-5.
Thid.— ‘New Scarabeide,’’ luc. cit.. XV, 1907. 60-75. Tables
of the U.S. species of the genera Anomala and Ntrigoderma
are given on pages 69-73.
The descriptions of the species of the other genera are scattered
through various publications. Five of the seven genera of the tribe
are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF RUTELINI.
a. Elytra with a membranous margin; antenne 9-jointed; mandibles in
repose not projecting beyond the clypeus.
b. Elytra convex. not notched at base. shallowly striate and punctate;
thorax not hairy. SAITV. ANOMADA.
bb. Elytra flattened, notched at hase, deeply striate, not punctate; tho-
rax hairy and sulcate or impressed. XXV. STRIGODERMA.
aa. Elytra without membranous margin; antenne 10-jointed; mandibles
more prominent, usually visible beyond the clypeus.
e. Thorax with marginal line at base; color yellow or brownish-yellow.
7. Clypeus without a suture between it and the front; elytra with
black spots. XXXVI. PELDNOTA.
dd. Clypeus distinctly separated from the front; elytra without spots.
XXVIII. CorTarpa.
ee, Thorax without a marginal line at base; color dark brown.
NNVIIT. Potywececuts.
XNIV. Awnomaua Samouelle. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘unlike.’’)
Small or medium convex forms, distinguished mainly hy the
characters given in key. The color is extremely variable, often
ranging from dull yellow to black in the same species. In all but
one of the Indiana species the outer or larger claws of the front and
middle tarsi are distinctly cleft or divided for one-fourth or more of
their length. About 20 are recognized from the United States, 7 of
which have been taken in Indiana.
982 TAMILY L.—SCARABAIDH.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANOMALA.
a. Middle coxse narrowly separated and without a tubercle or protuber-
ance between them; basal marginal line of thorax present.
b. Outer or larger claw of front and middle tarsi very distinctly cleft
at tip; body beneath with only a few scattered hairs.
c. Claw-bearing joint of front tarsi distinctly toothed on under side.
d. Thorax wholly reddish-yellow; clypeus distinctly concave, the
margin widely reflexed. 1836. FLAVIPENNIS.
dd. Thorax either bicolored or entirely piceous; clypeus flat, the
margin narrowly reflexed.
e. Larger, 10-11 mm.; sides of cl,;peus nearly parallel.
1837. BINOTATA.
ce. Smaller, not over 8 mm.; sides of clypeus divergent behind the
middle. 1838. INNUBA.
cc. Claw-bearing joint of front tarsi not toothed on under side.
f. Form elongate, parallel; thorax with disk dark, side margins
paler. 1839. UNDULATA.
ff. Form shorter, broader behind the middle; thorax uniformly
black or piceous. 1839a. var. DUBIA.
bb. Outer claw of front tarsus scarcely cleft, the small division being
much below the tip; body beneath, including the legs, distinctly
pubescent. 1840. PUBESCENS.
aa. Middle coxsze more widely separated and with a distinct tubercle or
prominence between them; thorax without basal marginal line.
g. Pygidium sparsely punctured, with little or no pubescence; size
smaller, not over 10 mm. 1841. LucrIcoLa.
gg. Pygidium rather densely punctured and distinctly pubescent; size
larger, 11-15 mm. 1842. MARGINATA.
1836 (5830). ANOMALA FLAVIPENNIS Burm., Handb. Ent., IV, 1855, 247.
Oblong, moderately robust. Elytra pale dull yellow, with or without
darker blotches; head, thorax and under surface reddish-yellow, the tho-
rax sometimes with a faint metallic or greenish lustre. Thorax nearly
twice as broad as long, sides regularly curved; surface sparsely and rather
finely punctured and with two or three small, irregular impressions on the
sides. Elytra each with three or four indistinct costs, the intervals be-
tween them broad and marked with several irregular rows of punctures.
Pygidium rather coarsely punctured. Length 10-11 mm.
Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. June 29-July 5. Taken
at light. Occurs in the Southern States, Putnam County being its
most northern record.
1837 (5881). ANOMALA BINOTATA Gyll., Schonh. Syn. Ins., I, 1827, 106.
Oblong, robust. Head, thorax and scutellum dark greenish-bronze,
shining. Elytra dull yellow, the suture, narrow side margins, and usually
a rounded spot and short subhumeral stripe, piceous; legs and under sur-
face piceous. Head rather densely and finely punctured. Thorax twice as
broad as long, narrowed in front, sides curved; surface finely and sparsely
punctured, somewhat more densely on sides. Elytra with rows of coarse
punctures and three slightly elevated coste. Pygidinm rather densely rugu-
lose and with short hairs. Length 9.5-11.5 mm.
1Hh vAut&eLnivuns BEETLES. 983
Throughout the State; common. April 22—June 15. Occurs on
foliage of various shrubs and at light. One specimen at hand has
the elytra wholly piccous except a small space each side near the
scuteHum.
IS38 (4933). ANOMALA INNUBA Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 22.
Oval, rather robust. Culor very variable, usually dull yellow with the
front, a large spot on thorax and one tu three transverse rows of spots on
elytra, piceous: sometimes wholly black ur piceous. shining. Head rather
densely and finely punctured; cly)eus nearly semicircular in outline. the
sides divergent behind the middle. Thorax one-half wider than long. sides
curved: surface coarsely and rather deeply but not densely punctured.
Elytra with rows of coarse, deep, closely placed punctures the ruws near
suture very irregular. Pygidium rugulose at base, smoother at apex. Claw
joint of front tarsus distinctly toothed beneath when viewed from side.
Length 6—7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 23—July 21. Occurs es-
pecially on the flowers of wild rose and Jersey Tea and at electric
light. Specimens occur in which the elytra are wholly pale, dull
vellow. According to Dr. F Ohaus, who examined the type of
Fabricius, innuha is the species commonly listed as minuta Burm.
Dr. Horn gave innuba as a doubtful synonym in his bibliography,
p. 164, loc. cit. Dr. Ohaus shows the true minuta Burm. to be a
small form from the Southern States. belonging to the subgenus
Rhombonys. in which the tarsal claws are not cleft.
1839 (5834). ANOMALA UnotratTa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT,
1IS4, 140.
Elongate-oval. Dull brownish-yel-
low, head darker; disk of thorax pic-
eous with a greenish tinge. Elytra
usually with a curved row of oblong
Piceous spcts (these often confluent)
across the middle and another on ap-
ical third; abdomen and tarsi partly
or wholly piceous. Head depressed at
middle of front, the anterior flattened
portion and clypeus densely and rugose-
ly punctured; clypeus twice as broad
as long, its margin narrowly reflexed.
the angles broadly rounded. Thorax
with sides regularly curved, surface
finely and rather sparsely punctured.
Elytra with rows of rather coarse punc- rt poles
tures, the rows somewhat irregular near 7
the suture: intervals eyual and nearly Fig. 405. 5}. (After Forbes.)
flat. Pygidium rugulose and coarsely
punctured. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 405.)
Ost PASHMLY Dh. towsaiertuvenieeen
Throughout the State; frequent. April 23—June 26. Occurs
on vegetation, beneath cover and at light. The above is a descrip-
tion of the typical wndulata known to Melsheimer. Confused with
it or innuba almost in every collection are shorter, darker speci-
mens which also have the front tarsal claw joint wholly without
teeth. These I regard as a distinct variety, if not species, and de-
seribe as follows:
18300 ( ). ANoMALA UNDULATA DUBIA Var. Nov.
Oval, broader behind. Usually dark reddish-brown er piceous, feebly
shining; elytra often with irregular jnder blotches. Clypeus somewhat
longer and narrower thin in wadulata, the sides more divergent behind.
Thorax narrower, more convex, and much more coarsely and densely punc-
tured. TElytra more clusely and coarsely punctured, the punctures distinctly
wider than the intervals, the latter narrower and more convex than in wn-
dulata, Meso- and metasterna more coarsely and densely punctured than
there. Length 7-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; less frequent than undulata. April 23-
July 18. This form resembles the biack color variety of innuba, but
has the thorax more coarsely and densely punctured. It may he a
variety of that spevies without teeth on the front tarsal claw. If
so the main character usually used in separating the two spevics is
of no value. The short, syuat body, taken in connection with the
other differences mentioned, at onee separate it from undulata.
Since both it and that species oceur throughout the State it cannot
he classed as a climatic variety.
S40 (——). ANOMALA PUBESCENS sp. ov.
Oblong-oval. Head, thorax and scutellum dark reddish-brown or pic-
eous; elytra dull yellow, the side margins narrowly brownish or piceous;
under surface and legs dull brown or piceous, everywhere sparsely clothed
with long grayish hairs, these more dense on the mese- and metasterna and
covering the pygidium. Clypeus coneave, the margin broadly reflexed, more
so than in flaripennis; surface, as well as that of lower part of front,
roughly, coarsely and confluently punctate, sides broadly and evenly rounded.
Thorax one-half broader than long, narrowed in front, widest at middle,
sides curved thence to base; front angles acute, hind angles obtuse: sur-
face rather finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, with a small rounded
fovea and one or two impressions on the sides: basal marginal line present.
Elytra very irregularly and unevenly punctate, the punctures on sides only
being in somewhat distinct rows, many of those on middle of disk confluent
in short, broken, deeply impressed lines which are darker than the remain-
ing portion of the disk. Pygidium rugulose. Cluv joint of front tarsus
toothed beneath; the outer elaw of both front and middie (arsi unequally
and finely cleft, the small, slender division being ucar the middle on the
front tarsi and distinctly heiow the tip on the middle one. Length S—
8.5 mm.
VWE LAMELLICONN BEETLES. YS5
Lake and Vigo counties; rare. June 27-July 7. Of the Vigo
County specimen my notebook says. ‘‘several buzzing close te
ground in cornfield on high land southwest of St. Mary s—only one
taken.’? This specimen, together with the one since taken in Lake
County. have heretofore been among my innuba labeled as a variety.
but a critical examination shows the form of elypeus. cleft of tarsal
claws. pubescence of under surface and punctuation of elytra to be
wholly different and presenting a combination of characters found
in no other described North Aimeriean species.
1841 (5838). ANomMALA LUcIcota Fab.. Ent. Svyst.. 1708. Suppl. 132.
Oval, robust. Color variable from entirely dull yellow to wholly black;
thorax often with a discal piceous space. this sometimes divided at middle.
Clypeus nearly twice as broad as long, rather densely punctured, its front
broadly rounded, sides very little divergent. margin narrowly reflexed. Tho-
rax convex, sides regularly curved: surface rather coarsely but not densely
punctured. Elytra with double rows of rather coarse, closely placed punc-
tures. those near the suture confused: intervals broad. feebly convex, finely
punctulate. Length $.5-10 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent in the southern counties, much
less so in the north. June 12—July 11. Oceurs most commonly on
the foliage of the wild grape and Virginia creeper. Sometimes does
much damage to cultivated grapes. These can be sprayed with a
solution of Paris green. as the poison will be washed off between
the time of the beetles appearance and the ripening of the fruit.
1442 (5840). ANOMALA MARGINATA Fab.. Ent. Syst.. I. 1798, 164.
Oval, robust. Pale dull yellow. with shining bronzed lustre; head and
disk of thorax reddish-brown, narrow side margin of latter paler. Clypeus
short, broader at base. margin narrowly retlexed. its surface and lower
part of front densely and rugusely punctured. Thorax narrower in front.
sides curved. surface rather coarsely and sparsely punctured, with minute
shallow punctures between the larger oues. Elytra with somewhat irregu-
lar rows of coarse. clusely placed punctures, the intervals equally convex.
Length 12-15 mm.
Knox. Crawford and Pasev counties: scarce. June 25—July 10.
Our largest, least variable and most handsome form. A-member of
the Austroriparian fauna which. according to Horn. ‘‘occurs in the
Southern States.’’
4
NNY, Staicoperéga Burm. 1-44. (Gr.. “‘stria +skin.”
This genus differs from Anomala mainly by the characters given
in key. The thorax is impressed on the sides and the outer front
and middle tarsal claws are cleft at tip.
986 FAMILY L.—-SCARABMIDA.
1843 (5842). SrricopeRMA ARBORICOLA Fab., Syst. Eleut., IJ, 1801, 17+.
Oval, subdepressed. lead, thorax and seutellum dull blackish-grecn,
shining; sides of thorax usually in part or wholly pale; elytra dull brown-
ish-yellow, often suffused with fuscous or piceous, especially on the sides
and along the suture; under surface and legs piceous, sparsely clothed with
long grayish hairs. Head coarsely, roughly and confluently punctured. Tho-
rax one-half broader than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded,
front ones acute; surface coarsely, shallowly and rather sparsely punctate,
with an impressed median line on middle third and two irregular depres-
sions on each side. Elytra with ail the strise distinct, entire and deeply
impressed. Length 10-12 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 25-July 9. Occurs
most commonly on the flowers of wild rose, blackberry and the
water willow, Dianthera americana Linn. In two specimens the
thorax, elytra and legs are wholly reddish-yellow. On the other
hand, four Lake County specimens have the thorax wholly bluish
black.
XXVI. Pretipnota Mach. 1817. (Gr., ‘‘to make livid.’’)
Belonging here we have in Indiana one large, convex, robust
species, readily distinguished by the characters given in key.
1844 (5844). PrLipnora punceaTa Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, 350.
Broadly oval, convex.
Above dull reddish-brown or
brownish-yellow; under sur-
face and legs, top of head and
scutellum black tinged with
greenish; thorax with a small
round black dot each side and
elytra each with two or three
similar dots on the side. En-
tire upper surface finely,
sparsely and irregularly pune-
tured. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig.
4006.)
Throughout the State,
frequent; less so in the
Se t northern counties. Occurs
Fig. 406. a, larva; e, leg of same; d, tip of abdomen of same; On the grape, both wild and
b, pupa in its cell; ¢, beetle. (After Riley.) ; 5
cultivated. The larve live
upon decaying roots and stumps of various trees.
XXVIT Coratpa Burm. 1844. (T.., “with + mole.’’)
nr . .
Che characters separating this genus from its allies are suffi-
ciently set forth in the key. One of the seven known North Ameri-
can species occurs i the eastern United States and Indiana
Fei Poe a BEETLES. 987
1845 (5851). CoraLpa LANIGERA Linn., System Natura (10th Ed.), 1760,
350,
Broadly oval, robust. Head, thorax and scu-
tellum greenish or yellowish with a strong metallic
lustre; under surface piceous, bronzed, rather
densely clothed with long, wool-like hair, the legs
sometimes paler; elytra yellowish. feebly shining.
Thorax twice as broad as long, sides broadly
rounded, surface very finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra with a depression each side near the hu-
merus. their punctures coarser than those of tho-
rax, and arranged in rows which are visible only
beneath a lens. Length 20-26 mm. (Fig. 407.)
Throughout the State but scarce. April Fie eos ee
+<August 26. Often found in the washup
along the beach of Lake Michigan. One specimen from Putnam
County presents a curious color variation. The top of head and
thorax is dark green. One of the elytra is almost wholly fuscous,
only a small space in the outer apical fourth being vellow; the other
one has a broad, fuscous sutural stripe extending from apex to
base and along the latter to the hnmerus, where it is recurved.
Otherwise it agrees with the common forms of the species and is
therefore to be recorded only as a sport.
XXVIII. Potymcacuus Lee. 1858. (Gr., ‘‘much + adulterous.’’)
This genus comprises a single species which, in addition to the
characters given in key. has the elypeus somewhat trilobed and
separated from the front by an elevated carina, which is inter-
rupted at middle; mandibles with outer edge entire, the tips turned
upward; legs short and stout, tibie not longer than the femora,
tarsi as long or longer than tthiw; tarsal claws dissimilar in the
sexes, those of the female simple, feebly curved and alike on all the
legs; those of male, with outer claw of front leg with a trace of
tooth at middle; outer claw of middle and hind legs deeply divided,
the lower division forming a tooth as long as the upper; the other
claws simple.
1846 (5857). PotyMa@cHts BREVIPES Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VIII, 1856, 24.
Oblong-oval, convex. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous. Head coarsely,
rugosely punctate; clypeus two-toothed. its margin reflexed. Thorax one-
third wider than long. strongly convex. sides rounded; surface sparsely and
finely punctate, more closely and coarsely on sides. Elytra striate, the
strie coarsely punctate; the outer ones regular, those next the suture much
OSs PAMILY L.—sCARABZLTD A,
confused, especially toward the base. Antennal club as long as stem in
female, one-half longer in male. Length 14-17 mm.
Lake, Laporte and Posey counties; rare. June 6-August 10.
Occurs in sandy localities.
Tribe Il DYNASTINI.
Medium-sized to very large robust forms, having the labrum
usually invisible; mentum narrowed and subacuminate, rarely trun-
cate, in front; tarsal claws equal, not toothed. In some genera the
males have the head and often the thorax armed with horns. To
the tribe belongs our largest Indiana beetle and in the tropics the
largest of known beetles. Seven of the eleven venera comprising
the tribe are represented in Indiana.
The most available literature relating to the North American
genera is as follows:
LrConte— ‘Notice of three genera of Scarabwide found in the
United States,’? a2 Proce. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sei., VIIT, 1856,
19-24. Treats of the genera Liyyrus and Aphonus.
Horn.—‘ Descriptions of New Coleoptera of the United States
with Notes on Known Species,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
IH, 1871. The genus Cyelocephala is treated on pp. 334-
337,
Horn—‘Synonymical Notes and Descriptions of New Species
of North American Coleoptera,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
V, 1875, 126-156. Synopses of the genera Ligyrus and Nira-
feyus are given on pages 143-147.
Horn.— ‘Contributions to the Coleoptera of the United States,
III,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. VIII, 1880, 139-154, This
includes a table of species of the genus Philcurus, pp.
147-148.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DYNASTINI.
a. Body convex, usually more or less oval; labial palpi inserted at the
sides of mentum.
vb. Head and thorax unarmed in both sexes.
«. Mandibles narrow, scarcely curved: color pale brownish-yellow.
XNXIX. Cyc Loceruata.
ec, Mandihles broad, rounded on the outer side and curved ; color pic-
eous or black. AXX. Dyscinetus.
bb. Wend or thorax (sometimes both) armed, or at least bearing » tuber-
ele, in both sexes.
d. Size over 30 mm.; color piceous or dark reddish-brown; males
with the front feet not elongated.
soo S BEETLES, 989
-¢, Head with a low. transverse carina; hind tibice truncate at tip
and fringed with hairs.
f. Mandibles toothed on the cuter side; clypeus bidentate at tip
(unidentate in one species). XNXNT. Lieyrus.
ff. Mandibles not toothed; clypeus with an elevated three-toothed
process just before the tip. NNNIJ. APHONUS.
ec, Head with a long horn. male, or tubercle, female, on the vertex;
hind tibiee with several blunt, rounded teeth at tip.
XXXII. Xyboryeres.
dd. Size 40 or more min.; color greenish-gray with black spots (rarely
wholly piceous) ; males with the front feet elongated.
XXNIV. DyNASTES.
aa. Body elongate, flattened; labial palpi inserted behind the mentum.
XXXNV. PHILEURUS.
NNIX. Cyciocermanu, Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘eircle +head.’’)
Both this genus and the next have the head and thorax entirely
destitute of tubercles: clypeus flat, elongately rounded, finely mar-
gined; mandibles projecting but slightly and not toothed on outer
side; basal marginal line of thorax not entire. In the males the
fifth joint of front tarsi is much enlarged and the antennal club is
usually longer than in the female. Three of the nine species of
Cyclocephala occur in the eastern United States and Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYCLOCEPHALA.
«a. Outer front tarsal claw of male not cleft at apex; prosternum convex,
not carinate; last joint of maxillary palpus cylindrical; bead black-
ish. 1847. NIGRICOLLIs.
aw, Outer front claw of male cleft (sometimes very slightly) at apex.
b. Body smooth above; antennal club of male shorter than the other
joints together. 1S48. IMMACULATA.
bb. Body pubescent above; antennal club of male longer than the other
joints together. 1849. VILLosA.
1847 (5861). CyYcLocEPHALA NIGRICOLLIS Burm., Handb., V, 50.
Oblong-oval, robust. Pale brownish-yellow, shining; head blackish.
Clypeus dull reddish, rounded in front, the margin reflexed. Thorax twice
as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, surface coarsely and rather sparsely
punctate. Elytra glabrous, cuarsely and somewhat confluently punctate.
Length 11-13 mm.
Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. July 5. Described from
Texas. Comparatively shorter, more robust and more shining than
our other two species.
1848 (5858). CycLocEPHALA IMMACULATA Oliy., Ent., I, 1789, 2h.
Oblong-oyal, moderately robust. Dull brownish-yellow, shining; front
black, clypeus reddish-yellow. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides
990 FAMILY L.—SCARABZETD.M.
broadly rounded, ‘hind angles rounded, surface finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra with rows of very fine, feebly impressed punctures , the side
margins in female often thickened near middle. Cylindrical elevation of
prosternum behind the front coxie distinctly visible when viewed from the
front. Length 12-14.5 mm.
Vigo, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. May 12—July 30.
1849 (5862). CyYCLocEPHALA VILLOSA Burm., Wandb. Ent., V, 1856, 54.
Resembles the preceding but more con-
vex. Color pile dull yellow, front pic-
eous; clypeus reddish-yellow, Thorax as
in immaculata. WKlytra more coursely and
roughly punctate, the rows of punctures
ill-defined; surface viewed from side finely
and sparsely pubescent. Prosternal ele-
vation scarcely visible when viewed from
the front. Length 11-14 mm. (Vig. 408.)
Marion and Putnam counties;
/ scarce, July 1-July 30. The longer
Fig. 408. x 3. (After Forbes.) antennal club of male, paler color and
more roughly punctured elytra distinguish this species. It and the
preceding fly after dusk and are attracted hy light, being seldom
seen by day.
XXX. Dyscrnets Harold. 1869. (Gr., ‘‘bad + moving.’’)
The characters of this genus have been sufficiently set forth in
the key and the remarks under (yclocephala, One of the two
known North American species occurs in the State.*
1850 (5868). DyscIneTUS TRACHYPyGUS Burm., Handb. Ent., V, 1856, 79.
Elongate-oblong. Piceous-black, Shining; antennz and legs dark red-
dish-brown. Clypeus almost truncate in front, sides diverging, surface
sparsely, shallowly and rather finely, front more coarsely, punctate. Tho-
rax one-half wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded,
front ones acute; surface coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate. Ely-
tra each with four feebly raised lines, these with a row of fine, variolate
punctures each side; intervals broader, with three or four very irregular
rows of similar punctures. Length 15-18 mm.
Occurs beneath rubbish along the sandy shores of lakes and
larger streams throughout the State; frequent. April S—October
*Dyscinetus barbata Vab., Mant. Ins., I, 1787, 10.
Elongate-oval. Uniform mahogany-brown, shining. Head and thorax very finely and very sparsely punc-
tate, the latter otherwise as in trachypygus. Elytra minutely alutaceous, wholly without punctures. Length
18 mm.
This is a West India species, one specimen of which was taken by Max Ellis at porch light on the State For-
estry Reservation near Henryville, Clark County. It was evidently introduced by commerce, and as only a single
specimen was taken it is not included in the regular list. Identified for me by Frederick Blanchard,
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 991
21. Often aitracted in large numbers to electrie light; evidently
pupates in moist places, as a number were thrown up in plowing a
recently drained marsh. Listed under Chalepus, which name was
preoccupied.
XXXI. Lievrus Burm. 1847. (Gr., ‘‘flexible.’’)
This genus and the next are composed of moderate-sized, robust
convex species, having the head armed with small tranverse toothed
ridges, alike in both sexes; elypeus rather .triangular, always
toothed ; first joint of hind tarsi more or less elevated at its upper
end. In Ligyrus there are small stridulating organs or rugose
spaces on the inner surface of the elytra near the outer hind mar-
gin. Two of the four known species have been taken in the State,
and a third probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIGYRUS.
a. Thorax impressed in front and with a small tubercle on the front mar-
gin; front tibise with three teeth. :
b. Clypeus with two teeth. 1851. GIBBOSUS.
bb. Clypeus with one tooth at middle. RUGINASUS,
aa. Thorax not impressed nor tuberculate; front tibiae with four teeth, the
upper one small; mesothorax hairy. 1852. RELICTUS.
1851 (5869). Liayrts eipBosus DeG., Mem. Hist. des Ins., IV, 1768, 322.
Oblong-robust, slightly broader
behind. Reddish-brown to dark chest-
nut-brown above, paler beneath. Tho-
rax one-half wider than long, strong-
ly convex, sides regularly curved
from base to apex; surface rather
finely, sparsely and unevenly punc-
tate. Elytral punctures much coars-
er than those of thorax, those on
disk in somewhat regular rows;
those on sides confused. Length 11-
16 mm. (Fig. 409.)
Throughout the State; com-
mon. <April 18-September 27.
Sometimes very abundant at
electric lights.
L, ruginasus Lee, reddish- Fig. 409. 2h. (After Forbes.)
brown, Jength 16.5 mm., is a
southern species which has been recorded from near Cincinnati.
[63—23402]
992 FAMILY L—SCARABAZIDA.
1852 (5871). Licyrvus reticrts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Nci., V, 1825,
194; ibid. II, 296.
Oblong, very robust. Piceous black, shining. Trans-
verse carina of head interrupted at middle; clypeus
with two teeth. Thorax strongly convex, hind angles
broadly rounded, surface finely and sparsely punc-
tured. Wlytra with rather fine punctures, those of
center of disk arranged in three double rows; those
on sides and near suture much confused. Male witb
inner claw of front tarsi thickened, dilated and ab-
ruptly curved. Length 18-23 mm. (Fig. 410.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more so
about the sandy lake shores of the northern coun-
ties. May 26-Auegust 26. Occurs at electric
ie Fig. 410. x 1}.
light and beneath rubbish. The larvee live in old, (Altes Knobel)
well-rotted manure piles.
XXXII. Apnonus Lee. 1558. (Gr., ‘‘ without + voice.’’)
The untoothed mandibles and the lack of stridulating organs on
the under surface of the elytra are the principal characters separat-
ing this genus from Ligyrus. In our speries the tip of the clypeus
is elevated, and imiucdiately behind it is a sharp, transverse ele-
vated line which bears three blunt teeth. One of the four recog-
nized species has been taken in the State,
1855 (5874). APIONUS TRIDEN'TATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill,
1823, 200; ibid. IT, 134.
Ohlong-oyate, robust. Black or piceous-black, shining; Jeneath dark
reddish-brown, Thorax about one-third wider than long, strongly convex,
sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse, basal margin sinuate; surface finely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra striate, the strive with rows of rather fine
punctures; intervals subconvex, irregular in width and with scattered
coarse punctures. Length 13-16 mm.
Putnam, Vigo, Floyd and Posey counties; searce. May 10-
July 29. Occurs about old decaying stwnps in which the larve
live; also at light.
ANNU. Nyztorveres Hope. 1837. (Gr.
“wood +a digeer."’)
This genus contains a single large bulky
form, having the mandibles prominent, not
toothed on the onter side; the male with a
long curved horn arising from the middle of
the head, whenee the common name of ‘‘rhi-
noceros beetle,’’
1854 (5880). Ny.oryeres satyrts EFab.. Syst.
Fig. 411. Male. Natural size. alae . =
(Alter Glover.) Ileut., I. 1801, 15.
Oblong, robust. Dark chestnut to piceous brown,
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES, 993
shining; under surface paler and rather thickly
clothed with reddish-brown hairs. Male with the
front half of thorax almost perpendicular, the slope
with irregular transverse rows of oblong punctures ;
basal half convex, very finely and sparsely punc-
tured; sides rounded, thickly fringed with brown
hairs: female with thorax strongly convex, but
slightly sloping in front of middle. Elytra striate,
with rows of rather fine, feebly impressed punc-
tures; the strize deeper and punctures larger in
female. Length 25-28 mm. (Figs. 411—411a.)
: Fig. 41la. Xyloryctes satyrus.
Wells, Marion, Monroe and Posey coun- Female. Natural size.
ties; scarce. June 3-September 8. Probably occurs sparingly over
the southern two-thirds of the State. The larve are said to be in-
jurious to ash trees by feeding upon their roots, and the adults are
usually found in the vicinity of these trees.
XNXANIV. Dynastes Kirby. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘a ruler.’’)
To this genus belong the largest of known beetles, some of the
tropical species being nearly three inches in length and more than
an inch in thickness. In the southern United States and extend-
ing northward over the southern third of Indiana is one species,
sometimes called the ‘‘unicorn beetle.’’ The generic name Dy-
nastes having the same origin as the English ‘‘dynasty,’’ and mean-
ing sovereignty, has been given to these beetles on account of their
large size and imposing appearance.
1855 (58S8G). DyNastTEs TiTyts Linn., Syst. Nat., 1766.
Broadly oval. Usually green-
ish-gray, with brownish or pic-
eous spots scattered irregularly
over the elytra; rarely uniform
dark chestnut-brown. Male with
thorax three-horned, the ones on
sides short and curved, the me-
dian one bearded with yellowish
hair beneath, bifid at tip and pro-
jecting forward to meet a long
curved horn arising from the
head. Females with only a slight
tubercle on middle of head. En-
tire upper surface of male almost
wholly smooth; female with tho-
rax sparsely and finely punctate,
more densely and coarsely on
sides and near front angles; ely-
tra with coarse and very fine
punctures intermingled on basal
half, apical half smooth. Length
Pea eala dd ta at) mm. eveclusive of horns: of female. 45 mm. (Fico 419)
Fig. 412. Natural size. (After Riley.)
994 FAMILY L.—SCARA BRIDAL,
Of the eight specimens in the collection, three are from Craw-
ford County, the others from Bartholomew, Greene, Sullivan,
Orange and Jefferson counties. All but two are males. July 25-
September 4. One of the females is wholly chestnut-brown above;
while one of the males has one elytron almost wholly chestnut-
brown, the other one being of a normal hue. The species prob-
ably occurs sparingly over the area covered by the Austroriparian
fauna of the State. It is said to live in the larval stage in old
rotten wood.
XXXV_ PuiuEurus Lat. 1807. (Gr.. ‘“‘love + well.’’)
This genus is characterized by having the labial palpi inserted
behind the mentum; mandibles prominent; bead and thorax alike
in both sexes, the former with two short horns or tubercles, the
thorax with one tubercle on apical half. Stridulating organs are
found on the under surface of the elytra, along the side margins.
One of the four known species has been taken in the State.
1856 (5890). PHirrurus varctus Linn., Syst., Nat., 1758, 347.
Elongate, subdepressed. Above black,
shining; beneath piceous. Head deeply con-
cave, with two blunt conical tubercles in
front of eyes; tip of clypeus tooth-like, re-
curved. Thorax transverse, with sides broadly
rounded; surface sparsely and rather finely
punctured and with a deep median groove,
terminated in front by a short, blunt tuber-
cle near the margin. Elytra striate, the
strie with rows of rather coarse variolate
punctures, the alternate intervals more ele-
vated. Outer apical angles of hind tibiz and
basal joint of tarsi each with a distinct spine.
Length 19-22 mm. (Fig. 413.)
Fig. 413. X 1}. (Original.)
Southern portion of the State, from Monroe County southward,
scarce; specimens from seven dilferent counties having been taken.
April 16-Novemher 10, Occurs beneath bark of decaying trees;
also at ight. A true member of the Austroriparian fauna. TTorn
mentions it as from ‘lexas only, but states that it is also found in
South America. Tn veneral appearance it recalls a small form of
the common ‘‘bess-bug,’’? Passalus cornutus Fab. Probably hiber-
nates as imago, as a freshly moulted specimen was taken on No-
vember 7.
TILE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 995
Tribe III. CETONIINI.
In addition to the flattened form and prominent conical front
coxe, the members of this tribe have the antenne always 10-jointed ;
seutellum usually triangular and pointed; pygidium visible and
tarsal claws equal and simple. In some genera the side pieces or
epimera of the mesothorax are continued upward so as to form a
little piece which is easiiy seen at the shoulders between the thorax
and elytra. Jn flying, the true Cetonixe do not raise the elytra, as
most beetles do, but the inner wings pass out from the side under
the elytra, which are a little narrower at the tips than the base and
do not at all embrace the sides of the body. The members of this
tribe differ from the other ‘‘leaf chafers’’ in being for the most
part flower beetles, the mouth organs being furnished with a brush
of hairs with which they collect the pollen. They are therefore
mostly diurnal, flying about from flower to flower during the heat
of the day. At night and in cloudy or rainy weather they are to be
found beneath bark or other cover. Seven of the nine genera com-
prising the tribe in North America are represented in the State.
The following literature treats of three of these, the descriptions
of the species of the others being widely scattered : ;
Horn—‘Synopsis of the Euphorie of the United States,’’ on
Proce. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1880, 397-408.
Horn.— ‘Descriptions of New Coleoptera of the United States,
with Notes on Known Species,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
III, 1871. The genus Cremastochilus is treated on pp.
339-341.
Horn.—‘A Monographie Revision of the Species of Cremasto-
chilus of the United States,’’? in Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
XVIII, 1880, 382-397.
Horn.— ‘Revision of the United States Species of Ochodeus
and other Genera of Scarabwide,’? in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soe., V, 1876. The genus 7rirhins is monographed on pp.
194-197.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CETONIINI.
a. Side pieces or epimera of the mesothorax visible from above; elytra
more or Jess sinuate on the sides behind the humeri.
b. Thorax lobed at the base, the lobe covering the scutellum; head of
both sexes with « more or less distinct frontal and clypeal spine.
XXXVI. Cotintis.
bb. Scutellum not covered by a lobe of the thorax.
996 FAMILY L.—SCARABAIDA.
c. Mentum normal in shape; clypeus narrow, feebly reflexed; thorax
triangular; color never uniform black. XXXVII. EvurHorta.
ce, Mentum cup-shaped; clypeus broad, strongly reflexed ; thorax quad-
rate with prominent angles; color uniform black or piceous.
XXXVIII. CREMASTOCHILUS.
ua. Epimera of mesothorax not visible from above; elytra not sinuate be-
hind the humeri; middle cox:e without an elevation between them.
d. lind cox contiguous; thorax without median groove; size 9 or
more mm.
e. Body almost glabrous; color uniform; size large, 1S or more mm.
XXXIX. OSMODERMA.
ec. Body pubescent; color variegated; size less than 13 mm.
f. Elytra longer than wide; thorax sinuate at base; elytra yel-
lowish with black spots. XL. GNORIMUS.
ff. Elytra not longer than wide; thorax rounded at base.
XLI. TRICHIUS.
dd. Wtind cox widely separated; thorax with a deep median groove;
size small, not over 7.5 mm. RLIL Varnes,
NXXVI. Cotmis Burm. 1842. (Gr., ‘‘oleaster,’’? the wild olive
tree.)
In this genus the clypeus is armed in front with a short, erect
horn. One of the tw» known species occurs in the State.
1857 (HS94). Corrnrs niTipa Linn., Mus. Ludoy. Ulrich., 1764, 26.
Elongate-oblong, somewhat pointed in front. Dull
velvety green above, sides of thorax and elytra brown-
ish-yellow; head, middle of metasternum, tibize and
sometimes the abdomen, brilliant metallic green; fe-
mora and usually the abdomen reddish-yellow. Head
deeply excavated, the front with a horizontal spine ex-
tending forward nearly to the upturned spine of cly-
peus. Thorax triangular, the apex truncate, less than
half the width of base, the latter with a triangular
es a aa aaaits lohe Focus the peittellim, Upper surface wholly
(After Riley.) sincoth. Length 20-28 mm. (Wig. 414.)
Knox and Posey counties; frequent. July
24-August 2, Probably oceurs over the area covered hy the Aus-
troriparian fauna, of which it is a striking member. It is com-
monly known as the ‘‘fiv-eater,’’ and in the South often flies in.
great numbers by night, especially in sandy districts, making a
loud buzzing noise similar to that made hy the May-heetles (Lach-
nosterna). The larve feed upon the roots of grass and sometimes
are harmful to strawherry and other plants. When they move they
crawl upon their backs, making no use of their short Loses, Allor-
hina Burm., to which the species is usually ascribed, is a South
American genus.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. $97
XXAVIL. Eveuorra Burm. 1842.
(Gr., ‘“‘well + bearing.’’)
Rather broad, bulky, more or
less hairy species. having the tho
rax triangular and nearly as wide
at base as elytra. (Fig. 415.)
Seutellum distinct; middle cox.
with an elevation or protuberance
between them; mandibles feeble,
in great part membranous; last
spiracle placed midway between
the front and hind margins of the
: Fig. 415. Euphoria melancholica Gory. X 3.
segment. Three species have been (Alter Forbes.)
taken in the State, while two others perhaps oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUPHORIA.
a. Clypeus with four teeth in front; black; elytra yellowish with black
spaces at the humeri and along the suture. AREATA.
aa, Clypeus entire or feebly emurginite. its angles rounded. ;
b. Elevation between the middle coxze oval or semicircular.
ec. Thorax either shining or punctured and pubescent.
d. Thorax densely punctured, its surface pubescent; color dark
brown, feebly bronzed, with narrow white markings.
AS5S. SEPULCHRALIS.
dd, Thorax sparsely punctate, its surface shining, not pubescent ;
color green tinged with brownish. 1859, FULGIDA.
ee, Thorax opaque, scarcely punctured, not pubescent; color dull green
to opaque brown. HERBACE..
bb. Elevatien between the middle coxre transverse; elytra brownish-yel-
low with numerous small black spots. 1860. INDaA.
E. arcata Fab., length 12 mm., is said to oceur from the Middle
States westward to Kansas and Tesas.
1858 (5904). EtPHORTA SEPULCHRALIS Fab.. Syst. Eleut., If, 1801, 156.
Oblong-oval. Beneath, bronzed. shining. with a violaceous tinge; above,
dark brownish-bronzed, feelly shining; elytra with numerous short, sinuous
transverse, whitish lines. Thorax triangular. base emarginate at middle;
surface coarsely punctured. more densely on sides. clothed with short, erect.
persistent pubescence. Elytra each with two costie; intervals with numer-
ous coarse punctures, these changing on sides to short, deep, transverse
wrinkles: tips subtruncate. distinctly sinuous. Pro- and mesosterna, femora
and sides of abdomen hairy. Length 9-13 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. May 6—-Sceptember 30. Oc-
curs at sap, also on flowcrs of various kinds, especially goldenrod
(Solidago) in autumn. Sluggish and feigns death when touched.
998 FAMILY L.—SCARABAIDA,
1859 (5909). Huprroria rurempa Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 48.
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax usually brilliant green, the latter mar-
gined at the sides with yellow; elytra green, usually with a reddish-brown
tinge, sometimes marked with chalk-white spots; abdomen green, the sides
with whitish spots; pygidium with four similar spots on base; legs red-
dish- or brownish-yellow, tinged with green. Entire upper surface sparsely
and rather finely punctate; elytra with only faint traces of cost. Length
13-18 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 10-September 29. Usu-
ally pupates beneath logs in damp places; common in June in the
washup along the shore of Lake Michigan. Occurs also on flowers.
E. herbacea Oliv., length 14-16 mm., occurs in the ‘‘ Middle
States Region.”’
1860 (5911). Kuprorra 1npa Linn.. Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1766, 352.
Broadly oval. Head and thorax piceous,
feebly bronzed, the latter often with yellowish
spots; elytra brownish-yellow, mottled with
black spots, which often tend to form cross-
bands; beneath piceous, the legs and hind mar-
gins of abdominal segments often paler. Vertex,
thorax, pro- and mesosterna, femora and sides
cf abdomen usually densely hairy. Elytra each
with two rather broad and feeble costs which
unite at apex. Length 13-16 mm. (Fig. 416.)
Throughout the State; frequent. March
20-August 17. On the first warm, sunny days of spring this ‘‘bum-
ble flower-beetle’’ comes forth in numbers and flies close to the
ground with a loud buzzing noise like that of a bumble-bee, for which
it is often mistaken. When captured it defends itself by emitting
a strong, pungent chlorine-like odor. A second brood is said to ap-
pear in September. The larve live in rotten wood, beneath chips
and other woody debris. The adults are often found sucking the
Juices of roasting ears, peaches, grapes and apples, and sometimes
do much damage.
Fig. 416. x 2. (After Forbes.}
XXXVI Cremasrocumes Knoch. 1801. (Gr., ‘hanging +
lip.’’)
Rather elongate, dull black, coarsely punctured species, known
from their allies hy the characters given in key, and hy having the
outer portion of mandibles thickened and horn-like; last. spiracle
near hind marvin of the segment; middle cox without a protuber-
ance hetween them. The mouth is peculiarly constructed, the cly-
peus being thickened and turned up, and the mentum much oe
TE LAMELLICORN BEETLES, 999
larged and projecting forward so as to almost close the oral cavity,
its sides hanging down like two curtains, whence the generic name.
They usually oceur beneath stenes and chunks in or about ants’
nests. The great majority of the 21 species listed have the mentum
entire and pointed behind. and cccur from Kansas and Nebraska
westward. Seven, most of which have the mentum deeply coneave
and notched behind, oceur cast of the Mississippi. Of these four
have been taken in Indiana, while another probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CREMASTOCHILUS.
a. Mentum plate acutely angulate and entire behind; legs not fossorial,
tarsi as long as the tibie: hind angles of thorax triangular, smooth,
continuous with the side margin; front angles continuous with the
disk, punctured. 1861. KNOCHI.
aa, Mentum plate distinctly notched or with a deep emargination behind.
b. Notch on hind border of mentum plate small, acute; front angles
prominent and distinct from the disk; hind angles not continuous
with the disk. VARTOLOSUS.
bb. Notch of mentum plate wide and deep:
«. Disk of thorax coarsely and densely punctured.
d, Front angles of thorax continuous with the disk; hind angles
continuous with the outer margin of the disk.
1862. CANALICULATUS.
dd. Front angles separated from the disk by a transverse impres-
sion; hind angles completely separated by a groove and de-
pressed below the surface of the disk. 1863. CASTANE-E.
ec, Disk of thorax shining, sparsely and irregularly punctured; front
angles short, obtuse, hind angles retracted and slightly depressed.
1864. HARRISII.
1861 (5925). CREMASTOCHILUS KNocHII Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1853, 231.
Elongate-oblong. Black. feebly shining. Mentum plate flat at bottom,
angulate and entire behind. Thorax one-half wider than long, base not
wider than apex. sides broadly curved; front angles feebly prominent, not
limited behind by a line; hind angles triangular, smooth, limited on inner
side by an oblique impression; disk moderately convex, coarsely but not
densely punctured; median line evident but faint. Elytra with oval, shal-
low, often more or less confluent, punctures. Length 10-13 mm.
Lake, Laporte, Marshall and Kosciusko counties; rather fre-
quent beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan; only one
each from the other two counties, these also beneath chunks on
borders of lakes, one of them with a colony of small brown ants.
April 25-August 26.
C. variolosus Kirby, length 9 mm., oveurs in the ‘* Middle States
region,’’ and has been recorded from Cincinnati.
1000 PAMILY L.—SCARABAIDA.
1862 (5929). CREMASTOCIIILUS CANALICULATUS Kirby. Zool. Journ., III,
151.
Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining. Mentum plate deeply con-
cave, its hind margin widely refiexed and with a deep, wide notch. Thorax
one-third wider than long, sides moderately curved; front angles obtuse,
feebly prominent, limited on their inner side by a deep fovea, punctured
and coutinuous with the disk; hind angles triangular, nearly smooth, tips
slightly turned cutward, limited within by a moderately deep groove, but
not depressed below the surface of the disk; disk slightly convex, coarsely
and densely punctured. Elytra flattened on the disk, vaguely grooved and
with rather dense, eval, shallow punctures. Length 11-12.5 mm.
Vigo, Putnam, Monroe and Crawford coun-
lies; searve. May 10-May 17. Of the ten speci-
mens at hand, nine were found in ants’ nests be-
neath logs or flat stones, all singly but two. Al-
though taken in six different vears, they were all
collected between the two dates above mentioned.
On this and most other species there are pubes-
cent depressed spaces near the front angles and
beneath or near the hind ones which are sup-
atk, SF bat mucking at posed to be glandular andl to exerete a liquid
(After Whecler.) very palatable and attractive to the ants, with
which they are found in company. LeConte records* several in-
stances in which specimens have had the projecting portions of the
hind angles fall off on account of the continual gnawing or sucking
of the ants at the glands. (Fig. 417.) The beetles are sluggish in-
sects which feign death when touched, and seem to be held in eap-
tivity hy the ants, which pull them haek into the vicinity of the
nests whenever they attempt to escape.
1863 (5031). CREMASTOCHILUS CASTANE.E Knoch., Neue Beitr., 1801, 115.
Oblong. Piceous. feebly shining. Mentum plate
deeply cupped, the margin widely reflexed except in
front, and with a rather deep U-shaped notch behind.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides moderately
eurved; front angles in the form of tubercles, limited
on the inner side by the usual deep fovea and behind
hy an impressed line; hind angles triangular, pune- ;
tured at base, separated completely from the surface
of the disk hy a deep impression, their tips turned out-
ward; disk moderately convex, coarsely and closely
punctured; median line sometimes feebly impressed.
Flytra moderately flat, with rather sparse, shallow, Fig. 418. 3.
oval impressions; those on the sides, as usual in the ilior Hates
other species, smaller, rounded and deeper. Pygidium very coarsely pune-
tured. Length 9.5-10 mm. (Fis. 418.)
*Entom. Amer., I, 188.
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 1001
Crawford and Perry counties; rare. May 10-May 16. The
larve of this species are said to live on the trunks and roots of the
chestnut, whence the specific name. As these trees grow indigen-
ously only in the southern third of the State, it is probable that the
beetle will be found to be confined to that area. Both it and canalt-
culatus often have a small transverse hoary white spot formed of
exuded matter near the margin and just behind the middle of the
elytra. Caslancw is shorter and has the upper surface more dis-
tinctly pubescent with short erect yellowish hairs than in either the
preceding or the next species.
1864 (5932). CREMASTOCHILUS HARRISIL Kirby, Zool. Journ., III, 152.
Elongate-oblong. Piceous, rather strongly shining. Mentum plate deeply
concave, margins reflexed, more strongly at the sides and behind, its hind
margin broadly and deeply notched. Thorax more than one-half wider than
long, sides feebly curved; front angles short, obtuse, limited within by a
deep impression and behind by a finely impressed line: hind angles some-
what triangular, smooth, separated from the disk by a rather deep impres-
sion; disk very sparsely and irregularly punctured and with distinct patches
of stiff hairs near the hind angles. Klytra very coarsely, deeply and densely
punctured. Length 10-11 mm.
Lake, Starke and Vigo counties; scarce. April 24-October 6.
Occurs usually in nests of larzc reddish ants in sandy localities.
Readily known by its more shining surface, more coarsely and
roughly sculptured elytra and larger tufts of hairs near hind angles
of thorax.
XXXIX. Osmoperma Lep. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘odor +skin.’’)
Large, broad, dark brown species, having the thorax distinctly
narrower than elytra and rounded on the sides; last spiracle nearer
the front than hind margin of the segment. Two of the three
known specics occur in Indiana.
1865 (5933). OSMODERMA EREMICOLA JXnoch., Neue Beitr., 1801, 105.
Broadly oval, depressed above. Dark chestnut or ma-
hogany brown, shining. Head deeply excavated between
the eyes in both sexes, the edge with a tubercle above the
base of antennee. Thorax with a deep impressed median
line on basal half, in front of which is a broad, deep cx-
eavation, bordered in front by a sharp elevated line. Sur-
face of both thorax and elytra very finely and sparsely
punctate. Length 25-29 mm. (Fig. 419.)
Taken only in the southern half of State, but
probably occurs throughout; searce. July 4-Au-
gust 12. Found at electric light and about the ,
7 = Fig. 419. Natural size.
borders of open woods. Both it and the next emit, After Harris.)
when captured, a strong odor of russia leather,
1002 FAMILY L.—SCARAB/EIDAQ.
whence the generic name, meaning ‘‘scented skin.’? On account of
this one being usually found singly it is called the ‘‘hermit flower-
heetle.’’
1866 (5984). OsMoDERMA scabRA Beauv., Ins. Af. et Amer., S05, 5s.
Form of the preceding but usually smaller. Pur-
plish-black, brenzed. Head of male as in eremicola,
the clypeus more strongly reflexed in front; of female
nearly flat with clypeus narrowly reflexed. Thorax
with a rather deep median groove, its surface densely,
deeply and coarsely punctured. TElytra very rugosely
and irregularly sculptured. Length 18-25 mm. (Fig.
420.)
Throughout the State; scarce. May 27—Au-
Fig. 420. Naturalsie. gust 19. It is nocturnal and occurs about or-
ce chards and open woods, the larve living in the
hollows of beech, cherry and apple trees and feeding upon the juices
of their rotten wood. Harris speaks of them* as being ‘‘ whitish,
fleshy grubs, with a reddish, hard-shelled head closely resembling
the grubs of the common dor-beetle. In the autumn each one
makes an oval celi of fragments of wood strongly cemented with a
kind of glue; it goes through its transformations within this cell
and comes forth in the bectle form in the month of Julv.’’ In
southern Indiana, as the above dates show, they begin to appear a
month earlier.
XL. Gwnortmus Serv. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘known.’’)
Medium-sized robust beetles, having the thorax broader behind,
the base bisinuate; elytra longer than wide, their tips rounded;
pygidium exposed, similar in the sexes; middle tibiw of female
straight, of male more siender and suddenly curved at base. One
species is known from North America.
1867 (5936). GNorRIMUS MACULOSUS Knoch, Neu. Beytr., 1801, 109.
Oval, robust. Dull black, rather thickly clothed with long yellowish
hairs; elytra clay-yellow, glabrous, each with three vague, more or less in-
terrupted cost; the seven to nine oblong elevations or tubercles so formed,
shining black, the ones at umbone and near apex the larger; pygidium
pruinose. Length 12-14 min.
Marion County; rare. July 4. One specimen taken by Harry
Dietz from the flowers of a tulip tres (Liriedendran). Known
from New England to Ohio.
*Tus. Injur to Veg., 1862, 42.
~ BEETLES. 1003
XLI. Tricuivs Fab. 1775. (Gr.. ‘‘hairy.’’)
Medium-sized beetles haying the thorax rounded, narrower than
elytra, the latter short, almost truncate; pygidium prominent in
hoth sexes, that of male more convex than that of female and with
the tip somewhat inflexed. They oceur upon flowers during the
day and readily take to flight when disturbed. Three of the six
known species have been taken in Indiana.
KEY Tu INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICHIUS.
a. Inlytra with white transverse bands and velvety spots on the sides.
4. Elytra with third and fifth intervals distinctly more convex than sec-
ond and fourth, the latter two rather densely punctate; front tibix-
of male without spur. 1868. PIGER.
bb. Elytra with third and fifth intervals but slightly convex, second and
fourth very sparsely punctured; front tibiz with spur in both
sexes. that of male more slender and straight than in female.
1869, AFFINIS.
aa. Elytra reddish-brown. tinged with yzreen. without transverse whitish
bands or velvety spots on the sides. 1870. BIBENS.
1868S (5937). TRICHIUS PIGER Fab., Syst. Ent.. 1798, 40.
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax piceous,
tinged with greenish; elytra reddish-brown to
piceous, sparsely pubescent. each with two
short, oblique whitish bars, one slightly in
front of, the other slightly behind the middle.
and reaching from the margin to the fifth.
rarely the third, interval; sides with a black
or reddish velvety space reaching from the
margin to the fifth interval behind the front
bar and divided by the hind one; body be-
neath and femora piceous-bronzed, clothed
with long. white, silken hairs; abdomen, tibie
and tarsi reddish-brown. Head and thorax
densely punctate. usually thickly clothed with
short, erect, yellowish hairs. Pygidium finely
rugose, sparsely pubescent, often with a whit-
ish scaly space on the sides. Length 9-11 mm.
an 912) Fig. 121. Male and foreleg: of ‘female.
(Eee ah) (After Chittenden in Bull XXVI1, New
Ser., U. &. Div. Ent.)
Throughout the State; frequent.
June 3-July 24. Oceurs on flowers of various kinds, especially
those of Jersey tea (Ceanothus), and wild hydrangea. The clypeus
of male is longer and the thorax much more densely pubescent and
more narrowed in front than in female.
1004 FAMILY L.
SCARAB.BID.Y.
1869 (5939). TRICHIUS AFFINIS Gory, Mon., 93.
Form of pigcr but usually smaller. Head, thorax, body beneath and
legs greenish-black, shining; elytra of the same hue with the second and
fourth intervals often reddish-brown, the sides with whitish transverse
bars and velvety space as in piger; also frequently with a short whitish
bar next the suture just behind the scutellum. Pygidium with white space
on sides densely pubescent. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 29-July 6. Occurs with
piger, which it closely resembles, but is more shining, with smaller
and less punctured thorax and much more sparsely punctured sec-
ond and fourth elytral intervals.
1870 (5940). TricHius BIBENs Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 49.
Oblong-oval. Head, thorax, body beneath and legs bright metallic
green; elytra reddish-brown, shining, usually with a strong greenish or
brassy lustre. Head densely punctured; thorax more coarsely but less
densely punctured, both rather thickly clothed with short, erect, yellowish
hairs. Hlytra with shorter, sparser hairs and with the intervals Very
nearly equal, the second and fourth more densely punctured than the
others. Pygidium with an oblong white space on each side. Under sur-
face and femora with long, white, silken hairs. Front tibise of male with a
slender, straight spur. Length 11-12 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 27—October 15. Occurs es-
pecially on the flowers of different species of dogwood (Cornus).
Pupates beneath loose bark and flat stones. Taken in Marshall
County in October. A more robust species than either of the other
two.
XLII. Vaters Seriba. 1790. (L., “* bow-legged.’’)
Small brownish, strongly flattened species, having the hind
coxe widely separated; elytra short, exposing two dorsal segments ;
body more or less covered with whitish scales instead of hairs. Two
of the three known species occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF VALGUS.
a. Front tibie with three or more slender, widely separated teeth on outer
side; size smaller, net over 6 nm. ; color brown,
oh ASTI. CANALICULATUS,
aa. Front tibie with five or six closely placed, stout, rounded teeth: size
larger, 6.5-7.5 min.; eolor usually piceous. IST2. SQUAMIGER
*IST1 (5948). Varaus CANALICULATUS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., IL 1801, 132
; Oval, flattened. Reddish-brown, feebly shining; sides of thorax base.
middle and ayex of elytra and pysidium sparsely clothed with yellowish
Ww rape 7 7 . :
scales. Thorax longer than Wide, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved;
margin denticulate nearly to base; surface with a deep median ee
t ce aaa %
THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 1005
which is wider at base and with an impression on the middle of each side.
Elytra with disk feebly but evidently concave; intervals each with two
rows of shallow punctures. Under surface and femora rather densely
clothed with yellowish scales. Length 5-6 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. February 21—-December 10.
Both this and the next hibernate in colonics beneath mullein leaves
and half buried logs and chunks and in old trees in dry, upland
woods. They occur in spring and summer on flowers, especially
those of the red haw (Cratirgus) and dogwood (Cornus). One
speciinen at hand has the pygidium terminating in a sharp taper-
ing spine 3 mm. in length, and grooved its full length above and
beneath.
*IS7T2 (5944). Varets squaMiIcer Beauv., Ins. Af.
et Amer., 1805, 59.
Resembles the preceding but larger and usual-
ly dark piceous-brown in color. Thorax more coarse-
ly punctate, with fewer and larger teeth along the
sides, the median groove less distinct on basal half
and often with a short oblique ridge each side.
Teeth of front tibie broader. triangular and more
rounded or blunt at apex. Surface of elytra and
pygidium densely granulate: under surface less
densely scaly. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 422.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April |
13-December 10. Occurs in the same places fig. 422. x 4}. (Original.)
and often with canaliculatus.
Series V PHYTOPHAGA,
The members of this series have the tarsi apparently 4-jointed,
rarely (Spoudylida ), the fifth joint distinct. the three basal joints
almost always densely set with cushion-like pubescence beneath:
third joint grooved on its upper surface or divided into two lobes,
so as to allow the insertion of the fourth joint near its base instead
of in front; head not forming a prolonged beak; labrum always
visible. About 35.009 species of Phytophaga are known, almost all
of which, in the larval stage, are vegetable feeders, either devouring
the foliage or boring into the wood, stems, seeds or roots of plants.
Four families are recognized by most authorities. all of which are
represented in the State.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF PIIYTOPHAGA.
a. Tarsi distinctly 5-jointed. not dilated nor pubescent beneath; sensitive
surface or pores of antennze in deep impressions; form elongate.
Family LI. Sponpynip.®, pp. 1006.
1006 PAMILY LI.—SPONDYLID.
aa. Tarsi dilated and spongy pubescent beneath (except in Hemonia) ;
sensitive surface of antenne widely diffused.
b. Submentum not pedunculate; front not or very rarely prolonged in
a short beak.
c. Antenne usually long or greatly developed, their insertion much
embraced by the eyes and usually upon frontal prominences ;
form usually oblong. with sides parallel; front often large, verti-
cal and quadrate; thorax rarely margined; tibial spurs distinct ;
upper surface usually hairy.
Family LIT. Cerampycia, p. 17,
ce, Antenne moderate or short, their point of insertion rarely or not
at all surrounded by the eyes and not upon frontal prominences ;
front small, oblique or inflexed; thorax most frequently mar-
gined; tibial spurs usually wanting; upper surface usually gla-
brous, frequently brightly colored and shining.
Family LITT. CourysoMELip.£, p. 1035,
bh. Submentum pedunculate; front prolonged into a broad quadrate
beak ; antenne inserted in front of the eyes, serrate or peetinate;
prosternum extremely short; hind femora more or Jess thickened ;
Jarvie living upon seeds. Family LIV. Brucer1p.8, p. 1285.
Family LI. SPONDYLIDA.
Tur ABERRANT LONG-HORNED BEETLES.
This family comprises but four known North American species,
closely allied to the true long-horned beetles of the next family, but
differing in the form of tarsi and structure of antenne. They have
the antenne short, the seape very short, much constricted at base,
inserted at the sices of head near the base of the mandibles, the
second joint rather large, though smaller than third; mentum
transverse; elytra parallel, rounded at tip, covering the abdomen,
the latter with five ventral segments; legs rather short, compressed ;
tarsi 5-jointed without brush or hairs beneath, the fourth joint dis-
tinct, fifth long, with slender claws.
The name Spondyls, that of the typical genus, is derived from
a Greek word meaning ‘‘a vertebra joint,’? and was probably ap-
plied by Fabricius on account of the joints of the antenne having
deep pits or grooves on one side, in which organs of special sense
are supposed to he lovated. The North American species live be-
neath bark, principally that of pine. The family is divided into
two subfamilics, one of which is representcd in Indiana hv the
single genus:
THE ABERRANT YNG-ITORNED BEETLES. 1007
I. Paranpra Lat. 1802. (Gr.. ‘‘eqnal + male.’’)
Oblong, brown beetles having the head broad, the eves trans-
verse, feebly notched; antenne reaching the base of thorax, second
joint half as long as third, joints 3-10 subquadrate, equal, flattened,
each with two deep grooves on the under or outer surface: eleventh
joint longer. obliquely truncate and pointed: mandibles toothed.
longer in male than female: thorax margine dl; prosternum distinct
between the front coxe, which are large, not prominent, transverse
and enclosed behind. Two species are known. both of which have
been taken in Indiana.
KEY TO SPECIES OF PARANDBA.
a. Thorax distinctly wider than head. punctured. S75. BRUNNEA.
aa. Thorax not wider than head, not punctured. 1Sv4. POLITA.
STS (5946). PARANDRA BRUNNEA Fab., Ent. Sy-t.. Supp.. 179s, 49.
Elongate-obleng. subdepressed. Pale reddish to mahogany brown, shin-
ing. the mandibles darker. Head wide, horizontal and, with the thorax,
sparsely and rather finely but distinctly punctured. Thorax subquadrate,
widest at apex, the sides nearly straight, gradually converging to base:
hind angles obtuse. Elytra parallel, margined, rounded at tip. not striate;
surface more finely punctured than thorax. Length %-1S mm.
Throughout the State; rather searce. August 20-September 27.
Occurs in late summer and fall beneath bark of soft maple. red oak,
ete., usually in damp localities. The larve live in the trees about
which adults are found.
IS74 (5947). PapaNnpDRA POLITA Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, 1855. 192:
ibid. IT. 662.
Form and size of brunnea. Differs in having thorax more slender, not
wider than head. often “blackish-ferruginous ;” hind angles almost rounded.
Head and thorax not punctured, excepting the former just behind the eyes.
where the punctures are numerous. Elytra minuteiy punctured.
Described from Indiana, prubabiv Posey County. Not seen by
me from the State. Dury chopped three from the heart of a dead
beech tree near Cincinnati in August. Probably occurs through-
out the southern third of State. but every:vhere rare.
Family LIT. CERAMBYCID_E.
THe LoxgHORNED WooD-BORING BEETLES.
A family of large size, comprising beetles usually of an oblong
or elongate, more or less cylindrical form, but sometimes very much
[64— 25402]
1008 FAMILY LIl.—CERAMBYCID.
flattened, with only the thorax cylindrical. All agree in having
the antenne very long, these organs being with few exceptions much
longer than the head and thorax and often longer than the entire
body. Towever, in but one genus (/:70nus) are they more than 11-
jointed, the great length of the individual joints causing the in-
crease in length of the organ. The family name is from the generic
name Cerambyus given by Linneius, which is from the Greek and
means ‘‘a beetle and horn,’’ and the Latin word Longicornes, often
given to the family, means also ‘‘long-horns.’’
The color is variable, often very handsome, and the beetles are
therefore great favorites among collectors. They are usually strong
fliers and swift runners; but many of them have the habit of re-
maining motionless, as if dazed, upon the trunks or limbs of trees
and can then he readily picked up by the fingers. When so caught
they generally vent their anger by making a peculiar squeaking or
stridulating noise hy rapidly moving the pro- upon the meso-thorax.
Many species of the family may he taken by carefully heating
branches (especially if partially dead) and flowers, over a sheet or
an umbrella. Dead logs should be searched, on both the upper and
under surfaces, and particularly freshly cut timber or sawed lum-
ber. A morning speut in a woodyard will often repay one richly
in rare specimens. Some are to he fonnd commonly under hark and
may he trapped hy loosely fastening pieces of bark to a tree over
night and exanuning the under side of the bark in the morning.
A great number fly to lights after dusk. Dead twigs and branches
may be sawed or cut off, preferably during the autumn months, and
kept in large boxes or in an empty room until the beetles are dis-
closed through the devclopment of the larvex contained therein.
The principal characters of the Cerambyeida, briefly stated, are
as follows: Labial palpi three-jointed; maxille with two lobes,
clothed at the tip with bristles; mandibles usually curved and acute
at tip, sometimes, though rarely, very long; eves usually transverse,
frequently deeply cmarginate or even entirely divided; antenne
inserted either in front of or between the eves, often bom on large
frontal tubercles, their sensitive surta: es differing in the tribes:
thorax not margined except in the first subfamily ; elytra usually
with distinet cpipleurw and cover ing the abdomen, the latter with
five free ventral segments, the sivth visible in many males and ovea-
sionally in both sexes; legs usnally slender, hind eoxw transverse:
tarsi apparently cee Joinfs one to three furnished beneath
26 wenwiurunscy +0 7D-BORING BEETLES, 1009
with brushes of hair, third joint emarginate or bilobed. fourth
small, rounded, united with the fifth; claws simple. rarely cleft.
The larve or grubs of the Longicornes are white or yellowish
borers, with body tapering slightly from head to tail and possessing
powerful jaws which enable them to penetrate the solid or heart
wood of trees or shrubs. Only a few of them live in the sap wood,
but on dead or dying trees or in stumps they occur beneath the bark
and wood, often in such numbers as to com pletely detach the bark.
They are more or less cylindrical, the joints well marked, the tho-
racic joints enlarged. They resemble the subs of the Buprestids,
but are not flattened. hence are called ‘‘round-headed borers.’’ The
larval state usually lasts two or three vears and the pupal stage is
passed within the burrow made by the grub; usually within a small
cavity partitioned off by a plug of chips or within a crude cell
formed of minute gnawed fragments of wood.
The literature treating of the Nurth American species of the
family is extensive and widely scattered. The principal papers
treating of the family as a whole are herewith mentioned. Others
dealing with isolated tribes or genera wiil be mentioned in their
proper sequence.
Haldeman, S. S.—‘* Materials towards a History of the Coleop-
tera Longicornia of the United States,’ in Trans. Amer.
Phil. See... X, 1845, 27-66. Corrections and additions to same
an Proe. Amer. Phil. Soe., IV, 1847, 371-376.
Lc Conte.— ‘An Attempt to Classify the Longicorn Coleoptera
of America North of Mexiceo.’’ in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei. I, 1856, 311-340: TT, 1851, 5-32: 1852. 99-112. 139-172.
Leng, ©. W.—' Svnopses of Cerambycide.’’ 77 Bull. Brook. Ent.
See.. VII. 1884-05. and Entum. Amer., I. II, IIT and VT.
1885-1890.
Wickham, H. F.— The Cerambycide of Ontario and Guebec.”
in Can, Ent., NNIX, 1807. XNN. S95.
Nearly 13,000 species of Cerambycidw are known, about 62 of
which are from the United Stats. The family is divided into three
subfamilies, separated by characters pertaining to the thorax, palpi
and front tibie. The thorax may le one of two types. viz., (a)
‘‘margined,’’ when it is flattened with the edges sharp and thin for
almost the whole length, at the sane time being usually toothed ; or
( b) ‘‘not margined,’’ when it is eylindrical or rounded on the sides,
which may be spined, tuberculate or plain. The palpi may (a)
have the terminal joint more or less compressed and subtriangular,
1010 FAMILY LIT.—cnkaMpycivas.
or (6) eylindrical and pointed at the tip. The front tibia may have
an oblique sulcus or groove on the inner surface, or this groove may
be lacking. By combinations of two or more of these characters the
subfamilies are separated by the following:
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF CERAMBYCIDAS
d. Thorax margined; labrum firmly united with the clypeus; body usually
broad and depressed. Subfamily I. PRIoNnin-r, p. 1010.
ad. Thorax not margined; labrum free; body usually oblong, more or less
cylindrical.
vb. Front tibise not grooved; last joint of palpi not acute at tip, often
subtriangular. Subfamily II. CrramMbycina, p. 1013.
bb. Front tibire with an oblique groove on the inner side; palpi with last
joint cylindrical, pointed at tip.
Subfamily III. Lamirna, p. 1060.
Subfamily I. PRIONINAE.
Large-sized brown or blackish beetles having the elytra usually
leather-like in appearance; mandibles strong, frequently elongated
in the males; last joint of palpi triangular; front cox transverse,
with distinct trochantin. The mesosternum is without stridulating
surfaces, but some of the species produce a noise in the same way as
do certain grasshoppers, i. e., by rubbing the hind femora against
the edge of the elytra. They are slow-moving insects, flying only in
the evening. Some of the tropical forms are the longest of beetles,
measuring five to six inches in length. The larve are broad, some-
what flattened and have six very small but distinct feet. The sub-
family is separated into ten genera, only three of which are repre-
sented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PRIONINA.
a. Sides of thorax with two or three distinct teeth; eyes strongly granu-
late.
b. Form clongate, parallel; antenne 11-jointed, more slender, the joints
not overlapping. I. OrvrHosoma.
bb. Form stout, broad; antennie (in our species) 12-20-jointed, more ‘or
less overlapping, especially in the male, II. Prronus.
ad. Sides of thorax with one small, obtuse tooth near the base; eyes finely
granulate. ITI. SPHENOSTETHUS.
I. Orviogoma Dej. 1834, (Gr, “straight + body.’?)
This genus is represented hy a single large species having the
hind femora not deeply suleate beneath and with several short,
elevated ridyes on the inner side,
LAA aya Ueaaiicsias serve BORING BEETLES. 1011
ISTS (5958). OntHOSOMA BRUNNEUM Forst., Nov.
Spec. Ins., 1771, 37.
Elongate, parallel. Uniform light chestnut-
brown, shining. Iead with «a deep impression be-
tween the antemue. Thorax mure than twice as
wide as Jong, each side with three sharp teeth.
Elytra each with three fine raised: lines, surface
finely and rather thickly puuctured. Fifth ventral
segment rounded in female. broadly truncate in
male, leaving the sixth visible. Length 2240 min.
(Lig. 425.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 20-
August 14. Often enters houses to which it is
attracted hy light. The larvae are supposed to
: : Fig. 423. Natural size.
live only in pine, but evidently feed on oak Alter Riley)
and walnut trees in Central Indiana, where pine are absent.
IL. Prioncs Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ‘fa saw.’’)
Very large, broad forms having the antennal joints conical,
stout and overlapping in male; more slender and subserrate in fe-
male; the surface of the fourth and following joints covered with
fine, reticulate, elevated lines bearing special sense organs; thorax
urmed each side with two or three sharp teeth; elytra broadly
rounded at apex, punctate and ornamented with raised lines. Three
of the six recognized species occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PRIONUS.
a. Antennal joints 12; soles of hind tarsi densely pubescent.
Peg bv, Elytra at base not wider than thorax; all
joints of hind tarsi densely pubescent
beneath. 1876, LATICOLLIS.
bb. Elytra at base wider than thorax; basal
joint of hind tarsi nearly smooth.
1877. POCULARIS.
aa. Antennal joints 16-20; soles of hind tarsi
with scattered hairs. 1S7S. IsfBRICORNIS.
INSTU (5959). Prients LatTicoLyis Drury, Tl.
Nat. Hist., IT, 1478, 83.
Broad, steut. Viceous black, shining. An-
tenne of male lopger than body; of female about
one-half the length. Thorax :lmost or quite as
broad as the Jase of elytra, sides with three
Fig. 424. Female. Natural size.
(After LeBaron.) teeth, the hindmost one often indistinct; these
sometimes slightly reflexed. Elytra broader at base than apex; each with
three slightly elevated lines; surface roughly, coarsely and very irregu-
1012 FAMILY LIl.—CERAMBYCIDAs,
larly punctured. All the joints of hind tarsi densely pubescent beneath,
with a smooth median channel. Length 22-47 mm. (Vig. 424.)
Southern half of State; scarce. June 26-August 7. The fe-
males are always much larger than the males. The heetle is known
as the ‘‘Broad-necked Prionus’’ and the larve: are said to injure the
grape, apple, poplar and pine hy boring into the roots.
1877 (5960). Prionus pocuLaris Dalm., Scheenh. Syst. Ins., I, 1S17, 148.
More slender and parallel and with antennie more slender than in luti-
collis. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax narrower than base of ely-
tra, the teeth never reflexed. FElytra with sides straight, almost parallel;
surface more sparsely and much less roughly sculptured than in luticollis.
Length 25-45 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 20. Said to occur in the Middle and
Southern States.
1878 (5962). Prionus impricorNis Linn., Syst. Nat., XII, 1780, 622.
Broad, stout. Dark reddish-brown,
shining. Antenne 1S-20-jointed, male;
16-18-jointed. female; the joints of male
conical, each one hollowed to receive
the next and with the lower edge pro-
longed; those of female more slender
and simply serrate. Thorax very short
and bread, the hind tooth indistinct.
Klytra of female more conyex than
male; surface roughly and rather dense-
ly sculptured. Length 2247 mm. (Wig.
425.)
Knox and Crawford counties;
Fig. 125, | Male Natural size. searee. July 4-July 9. Known as
ea i the ‘‘Tile-horned Prionus’’ on ae-
count of the joints of antenne overlapping like the tile of a roof.
The larvee infest the roots of the grape and pear and also feed upon
the roots of herbareous plants. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna.
IT. Speuenosrerivs Hald. 1845. (Gr, ‘wedge + breast.’’)
Head small, much narrower than thorax; the latter larger,
trapezoidal, smooth ; prosternum decply emarginate behind for the
reception of the mesosternum, ww
IST (5968). SPHENOSTETIIUS TASLEI Buq.. Ann. Fr, 1841. 39,
Elongate, tapering behind. Black, feebly shining; elytra often more or
less reddish-brown. Antenne slender, about one-half length of body, slightly
compressed and serrate. Thorax narrower at apex, SuiectTER, oiktusely
toothed near base. surface finely and sparsely punetate. Elytra tapering
Separated near apex, tips finely serrate: surface finely and rather Siatvely
punctate. Length 27-29 mm. >
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1013
Montgomery County; rare. August 26. Taken from hemlock
>
at Bloomingdale Glens.
Subfamily II. CERAMBYCINAE.
The only vharacters available for separating this subfamily are
those given in the key, viz., thorax not margined; labrum separate
from the front; front Ubie not obliquely suleate; palpi never
acute at tip; antenna: always pubesvent. The subfamily is of great
extent, embracing many genera which are very difficult to separate
in easily understood terms. The first distinguishing character
used, viz., the ‘‘enveloping of the base of the antenne by the eves,”’
is apt to cause trouble if not properly understood. To make it
plain, the antenna: should be extended forward from the head. In
this position it will be seen that in those genera where the ‘‘base of
the antenne is partially enveloped by the eyes,.’’ a line passing
from the front or inner border of the upper lobe of the eve to a
corresponding spot on the lower lohe will pass through the antennal
socket, whereas in the genera where ‘‘not enveloped,’’ this line
would run behind the socket. All genera in which the eyes are
entire are of course ‘‘not enveloped,’’ while those in which the eves
are emarginate may he partially enveloped or not. The subfamily
is first separated into four Divisions, all of which are represented
in Indiana, and these in turn into tribes and genera.
KEY TO DIVISIONS OF CERAMBYCIN A.
uw. Base of antennm not enveloped by the eyes.
b. Front coxe transverse, not prominent; antennée with second joint
rather large, one-third or more the length of third; head inserted
in the thorax. Division I. CALLIDIOIDES. p. 1013.
bb. Front coxze conical (globose in Pistenia), prominent; second joint
of antennz small; head usually attached to thorax by a neck; ely-
tra usually tapering behind the middle.
Division IV. Leprturorpers, }). 1042.
aa, Base of antennse partly enveloped hy the eyes; head inserted in the
thorax.
«, Second joint of antennse small, not over one-fourth the length of third
(except in Miervclytus) ; front coxze not conical, though sometimes
pr mnfinent. Division II, CrRAMBYCOTDES, p. 1020.
ee. Second joint of antennze about one-third the length of third joint;
front Coxe Glabose, widely separated.
Division Ilf. ATiaiormes, p. 1041.
Division I. CALLIDIOIDES.
This division is separated into two tribes, both of which are
represented in Indiana.
1014 PAMILY LILL—CERAMBYCID.E.
KEY TO TRIBES OF CALLIDIOIDES.
uw. Ligula horn-like; eyes variable; second joint of antemnie more than one-
third as long as third. Tribe 1. AseMINni, p. 1014.
aa, Ligula membranous; eyes finely granulate; second joint of antennze not
move than one-third as long as third.
Tribe TT. CALLIDIENT, >. TOG.
Tribe T. ASIEMINT.
In this tribe the antenne are densely punetured and pubescent.
with the second joint nearly half the length of third and the 11th
simple; front cox transverse, with distinct trochantin, the cavities
open behind; scutellum rounded behind; males with fifth ventral
segment transverse and sixth segment visible; females with fifth
segment prolonged, sixth invisible. In this and many of the fol-
lowing tribes the character of the granulation of the eyes is much
used in separating the genera. In those which are ‘coarsely gran-
wate’? the lincs between the facets are deeply impressed. In the
second group the granilations are much finer, the lines feebly im-
pressed, the surface of the eye appearing almost plane. Repre-
sentatives of three of the seven genera comprising the tribe have
been taken in the State, while those of another probably oveur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ASEMINT.
a, Color black ar dark brown; form cylindrical, searcely depressed ; epi-
mera of mesothorax truncaie at inner end.
b. Eyes not wholly divided, often decply emarginate.
c. yes moderate in size, transverse, finely granulated and hairy; a-
tennie finely pubescent. ASEMUM.,
ce. Byes large, coarsely granulated, not hairy, IV.) CRIOCEPHALUS,
bb. Eyes divided, apparently four in number, rather finely granulated.
VV. TrerropriM.
aa. Color pale yellowish ; form depressed; epimera of mesothorax narrowed
and acutely pointed at inner end. VI. SmopicuMm.
Asennon mershim Wald, black, opaque, thorax rounded at sides,
length 12-15 mm., ranges from ‘Lake Superior fo Wlorida and
eastward.’’
IV. Criocrpranus Muls, 1839, (fir, ‘a ram +head,’’)
This venus comprises seven rather laree, subeylindrical species,
having the eyes coarsely granulated, not hairy and the thorax with
two to four large and shallow depressions on the disk.
One of the
seven has heen taken in Indiana and mmother may
OeCUr,
THE LONG-HORNED W0OOD-BORING BEETLES. 10157
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRIOCEPHALUS.
a. Third joint of hind tarsi emarginate for half its length, two-thirds
longer than wide; elytra finely punctured. AGRESTIS.
aa. Third joint of hind tarsi bilobed, cleft nearly to base, very little longer
than wide; elytra more coarsely punctured. 1880. OBSOLETUS,
C. agrestis Kirby, piceous, length 22-27 imm., is said to inhabit
‘‘the United States east of Rocky Mountains.”*
ISSO (5978). CrIocEPHALUS OBSOLETUS Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II,
1838s, 27,
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark sooty or smoky brown. Front of head
with an impressed line. Thorax subrotund, sides rounded, apex and base
truncate, the latter more narrow ; disk finely and densely punctate and with
a distinct oval impression each side of middle. Elytra each with two finely
elevated lines, surface more coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 20-
24 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 25. Taken from the washup of Lake
Michigan. Oceurs in ‘* western New York and Canada,’’ its larve
feeding upon pine.
V. Terroprum Kirby. 1837. (Gr, ‘‘ four + eves.’’)
Oblong, sube,lindrical species having the eves divided by a
deep emargination into an upper and lower portion; these parts
connected along the hind margin by a narrow band on which the
facets or granulations are obsolete.
1SS1 (5982). TrrrorpiItmM CINNAMOPTERUM Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV,
1837, 174.
Oblong, subeylindrical. Dull sooty or slaty brown; under surface, legs
and often the sides of elytra reddish-brown. Head and thorax slightly
shining, closely but distinctly punctured; the latter subrotund without dis-
cal impressions. Elytra opaque, more finely punctured than thorax. each
with two feeble raised lines. Length 12-14 mm.
LaPorte County; svaree. June 5. Two specimens beneath bark
of pine.
VI. Swopicum Hald. 1845. (Gr., ‘‘with protuberances.’’)
Front broad, short and perpendicular; the eves coarsely granu-
lated and very deeply emarginate; antenne scarcely as long as
hody, male: shorter and more slender, female; the joimts polished,
sparsely punctured and pilose. One species occurs from New Eng-
land to Texas.
1016 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCID.%.
1882 (5985). SmMopicuM cUCUJIFORME Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V,
1826, 277; ibid. IT, 334.
Elongate, narrow, depressed. Pale, dull yellow, shining; antenme slightly
darker. Thorax longer than broad, slightly contracted before the middle ;
surface, together with that of elytra, rather sparsely, finely and irregularly
punctured. Femora much dilated. Length 7-S mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. July 2-November 24. Occurs
beneath the close fitting bark of dead poplar, oak, locust and linn
trees. Has the form and habits of a number of the Cucujide,
whence the specific name.
Tribe II. CALLIDIINI.
The species of this tribe arc more or less flattened, but not very
slender in form, and the thorax and elytra are never armed with
spines. The eyes are finely granulate and deeply cinarginate; head
small with the front short and perpendicular; front coxal cavities
transverse, open behind, the cox with large trochantin. Males
with antenne usually longer than body and thicker at base than in
females; the fifth ventral segment short, subemarginate. Four
genera are known to be represented in the State, while two others
probably oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CALLIDIINTI.
a. Elytra with narrow raised white lines; thorax with very deep median
groove: thighs strongly clubbed. VII. PuHysocNeMUM.
au. Wlytra without distinct raised white lines.
b. Thorax very short, strongly rounded on the sides: upper surface en-
tirely opaque; black, thorax red. RHOPALOPUS.
bb. Thorax not very short, the width not much exceeding the length ; up-
per surface more or less shining.
c. Front coxe contiguous, the prosternum very narrow and pointed.
d. Palpi unequal, the labial much the shorter; thorax rounded.
VIII. Pury aroves.
dd. Palpi about eyual; mesosternum obtusely triangular,
IX. CaLnimiuM.
ce, Front coxee at least moderately separated.
¢, Dorsal surface of thorax with narrow median elevation and
moderate or small ones on the sides: prosternum broad; hind
cox inclosed, ITY LOTRUPES.
cc, Dorsal surface of thorax with a broad, smooth, shining median
space on basal half; elytra with more or less distinet but
broken whitish markings. XN. Mtrium,
THE LONG-IIORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1017
VII. Puysocnemum Hald. 1847. (Gr., ‘bladder +leg.’’)
To this genus belone two species having the femora strongly
club-shaped; antenna 11-jointed, longer than the body and taper-
ing to the end in male; as long as body and almost filiform in fe-
male, the humeri prominent and rectangular. One of the two oc-
eurs in Indiana.
ISS8 (598s). PHYSOCNEMUM BREVILINEUM Say.
Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III.
1824. 413; ibid. II, 194.
Elongate-oblong. Black; elytra bluish-black,
shining, each with three short raised whitish lines
on middle third placed side by side. the inner one
slightly oblique, usually a fourth line in front of
the middle one of these. Thorax subglobose, with a
rounded tubercle each side near the middle; apical
half and sides covered with dense. short, velvet-
like hairs. Elytra granulate-punctate, sparsely pu-
hescent. Length 12.5-16 mm. (Fig. 426.)
Madison, Putnam and Posey counties;
searce. June li—July 1. Occurs about elm
trees. in the wood of which the larve bore.
Rhopalopus sanguinicollis Horn, length
15-19 mm., is known from New York and
Ohio. i Fig. 426. 25. (After Forbes.)
VIIL. Puywatopes Muls. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘growth + similar.’’)
To this genus belong 16 species. all of rather small size. usually
bright in color and having the prosternum very narrow and
pointed; hind coxe not prominent and not enclosed: thorax
rounded, usually sparsely punctured and shining. Three have been
taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps ocew.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYMATODES.
a. Elytra without narrow cross-bands.
b. Thorax yellowish: surface metallic.
e, Larger, 12-13 mm.; elytra and legs yellow more or less marked
with blue. 1SS4. VARIABILIS.
ee, Smaller, 5-9 mm.
d. Elytra blue, antenne dark. 1385, AMMENTS.
dd. Elytra piceous. LIVIBUS,
bb. Thorax dark; elytra of lighter shade before the middle: length 9-
12.5 mm. ~ DIMIDIATUS.
aa. Elytra with two narrow white or yellowish cross-bands; length 6-
9 mm. 1SSG, VARITS.
1018 PAMILY LIL—-CERAMBY CID.
1884 (5993). PHYMATODES VARIABILIS Fab., Faun. Suec.,
102:
Blongate-oblong. Head blackish; thorax reddish-yellow,
the disk often darker; elytra yellow, or blue with yellow
along sides; femora usually yellow. often blue. Thorax
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, both it and elytra
with scattered pubescence. Length 12-13 mm. (Fig. 427.)
Monroe, Posey and Dubois counties; scarce. May
11-June 17. Probably throughout the State. The
larvee breed in oak.
1885 (5996). PryMaTopEs AMaNus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., III, 1823, 418; ibid. II, 193.
Smith in SR Oblong, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-yellow; elytra
U.S. Ent.Comm.) }yiye, shining; antennie, tibie and tarsi piceous. Thorax sub- |
cylindrical, sparsely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra
parallel, tips rounded, surface with rather coarse punctures,
each bearing a stiff, short hair. Length 58 mm. (Fig.
428. )
Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-June 5
Beaten from wild grape, in the stems of which the
larve bore; also occurs on flowers of yarrow and other
herbs.
bi ‘ a . . Fig. 428. (After
P. lividus Rossi., thorax vellowish, darker at sides, p,cxard in Fifth Rep
length 9 mm., is known from ‘‘('anada and the Middle U.S. enk Commo
States.’? P. dimidiatus Kirby, is said to inhabit the ‘‘United
States.’’
1886 (GO04). PHyMaropes vartus Fab., Spec. Ins., I, 1751,
241.
Elongate, rather slender, subcylindrical. Black, pubes-
cent with prostrate hairs; thorax at least in part and basal
portion of elytra often reddish-brown, the latter each with
two narrow whitish crossbars, one curved in front of middle,
the other nearly transverse, on apical third. Thorax rounded,
rather sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytra finely granu-
lnte-punctate. Length 6-9 mm. (Fig. 42¢).)
Marion County; rare. January 17—January 24.
(4 Ree dees eau 3 rm :
Fig. 429, (Alter Pwo speepicns presented by Harold Morrison; taken
Smith in With Rep. », :
U.S. Ent.Comm,) from cellar where wood was stored.
IN. Caunmium Fab. 1775. (Gv. ‘heautiful + little.’’)
To this genus belong six species having the palpi about equal in
size; mesosterniun obtusely triangular; form flatter than in Phyma-
todes and with stouter antenna, especially in male. Three species
may be looked for in Indiana, thouch but one has heen taken.
TIIE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1019
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIDIUM.
«a. Thorax and elytra blue.
b. Thorax finely punctured and impressed. 1887. ANTENNATUM.
bb. Thorax deeply punctured, not impressed. JANTHINUM.
aa, Thorax and elytra dull brownish-yellow. JEREUM.
ISS7 (GOOS). CALLIDIUM ANTENNATUM Newm.,
Ent. Mag., V, 1888, 393.
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Deep
blackish-blue. Antenne longer than body,
thickened at base, each joint in male clubbed
at outer end. Thorax wider than elytra in
male, about as wide, female; sides broadly
rounded, surface finely and densely punctate,
and with a rounded impression each side of
middle. HElytra deeply and roughly punctate.
Length 13-14 mm. (Fig. 480.)
Laporte County; scarce. June 21.
Breeds in pine, about which the adults
are usually found.
C. janthinum Lec., length 10-13 mm., was described from Texas
and has been recorded from Cincinnati. (. @reumn Newm., length
8.5-12 mm., is said to inhabit the Atlantic States.
Hylotrupes ligneus Fab. (Fig. 431), black, elytra yellow or red
with black markings, length 7-12 mm., occurs from Maine to Cali-
fornia and has been recorded from Cincin-
nati; H. bajalus Linn., elytra black with
eray pubescence, length 19-23 mm., in-
habits the ‘‘ United States.’’
X. Merrum Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘the
hip.’’)
This genus contains but the single spe-
cies:
1888 (6007). Mrrium proTEUS Kirby, Faun. Bor.
Amer., IV, 1837, 172.
Oblong-subdepressed. lJead and thorax dull
blue; elytra greenish-yellow with nodules or
broken lines of ivory white on basal half; fe-
mora reddish-yellow; antenne, tibiz and tarsi
dusky. Thorax short, broad, sides rounded ; sur-
face densely punctured, except the shining.
smooth space on basal half, which bears a few
coarse punctures each side. Elytra coarsely and
roughly punctate. Length 11-14 mm.
Marion County; rare. May 25. <A northern species.
Fig. 430. Callidium antennatum.
Fig. 431. (After Smith) in Fifth Rep.
_ 8. Ent. Comm.)
1020 PAMILY LIT.—CERAMBYCID.§.
Division Il CERAMBYCOIDES.
This division, distinguished only vy the characters given in the
key, is divided into 12 tribes, seven of which are represented in
Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CERAMBYCOIDES.
a. Eyes coarsely granulated.
b. Front coxal cavities open behind. Tribe i. CERAMBYCINI, p. 1020.
bb. Front coxal cavities angulated, closed behind; length less than 7 mm.
‘Tribe II. OBrttni. p. 1027.
aa. Eyes finely granulated.
c. Elytra either only about as long as thorax or elongated and awl-
shaped. Tribe 1ILl. STexXOPTINI, ph 10ZS.
ce. Elytra normal, not abbreviated nor awl-shaped.
d. Seutellum either rounded behind or broadly triangular.
ec. Tibial spurs small; legs long and slender; thighs very slender at
base, strongly and suddenly club-shaped at apex; front coxal
cavities open behind. Tribe IV. RHopALoPHORINT. p. 1029.
ee. Tibial spurs large; thorax never with tubercles or spines.
f. Tibise strongly carinated; form slender; punctuation sparse
and coarse. Tribe VI. SreNosPHENINI, p. 1031.
ff. Tibise not carinated; form usually stouter; punctuation fine.
Tribe VIX. Cirriesi. pe 1032.
dd. Seutellum acutely triangular; front coxal cavities open behind.
Tribe V. TRACHYDERINT, }. 1029.
Tribe I. CERAMBYCINI.
This tribe embraces all genera of the subfamily having the eves
strongly granulated; front coxal cavities open; abdomen normal in
both sexes; antennw with the second joint small. The seutellum is
rounded behind, except in Chion; antenne long without distinctive
sensitive spaces; mandibles aeute at tip; elytra not abbreviated:
eyes not divided. though always deeply emarginate. About 25
genera belong to the.tribe, seven of which are known to be repre-
sented in Indiana, while four others may oceur.
REY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CERAMBYCINTI,
ud. Body with six cross-bands of yellow pubescence; ligula more or less
horn-like; palpi unequal, dilated.
ad. Body with not more than one yellow cross-band.
b. Ligula more or less horn-like.
XI. Dryostus.
c. Epimera of mesosternum large: front trochantins not visible:
length 16 mm. ACHRYSON
ce. Epimera of mesostermum small: length G-S mm. GRACILTA
bb. Ligula membranous,
ad. Front coxal cavities angulated; antenne, thighs and elytra not
spinose; length 14.5 mm.
; STROMATIUM,
dd. Front coxal cavities rounded.
Baas aay saves
+yuD-BORING BEETLES. 1021
e. Scutellum acute, triangular; antenne very long, sulcate; thorax
with spine on each side. NII. Cuton.
ce, Scutellum rounded behind.
f. Elytra with elliptical, elevated ivory-like spots in pairs.
ff. Elytra without raised i
XIII. Epurta.
vory-like spots.
g. Femora not strongly clubbed; antennal joints and elytra
with spines.
h. Larger species (19-28 mim.); side pieces of metathorax
narrower behind.
XIV. RoMALEUM.
hh. Smaller species (S-19 mm.); side pieces vf metathorax
parallel.
yg. Femora strongly club
XV. ELAPHIDION.
bed; elytra without spines at tip.
i. Antenne bisuleate on outer side. XVI. TYLoNOTUs.
ii. Antennie not suleat
e nor hairy.
j. Middle coxal cavities rounded; length 7.5-11 mm.
XVII. HErERACHTHES.
jj. Middle coxal cavities angulated; length 13 mm.
ZAMODES.
XI. Dryoprus Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘oak + live.’’)
Antenne 11-jointed. much lonver than body in male, and densely
pubescent on under side with long brownish hair; thorax depressed,
with obtuse tubercles; elytra subtruncate or broadly emarginate at
apex. One species occurs in the Mississippi Valley.
1889 (6022). Dryosius SEXPASCIATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT,
1824, 415; ibid. IT,
Elongate, subdepressed. Black,
shining; thorax with two and ely-
tra with four conspicuous cross-
bands of bright yellow pubescence ;
top of head, clypeus and scutellum
also yellow; antennie and legs red- ,
dish-brown. Thorax with sides
rounded, surface coarsely and 7%
sparsely punctured, with three
smooth, blunt tubercles. Elytra with
the smooth black spaces finely and
sparsely punctured. Length 19-
27 mm. (Pig. 482.)
Putnam, Posey and Craw-
ford counties; scarce. June 13-
July 4. Occurs beneath the
loose bark of dead beech and
maple, in the wood of which the
195.
Fig. 482. 1}. (After Smith.)
larve bore. One of the most hand-
some members of the family. The antennx of female are but little
longer than the body; those of male nearly twice as long.
Achryson surinamum Linn.,
reddish-brown, elytra with a few
1022 FAMILY LIL—CERAMBYCIDZ,
oblong black points, tength 16 mn.., ranges from the Middle States
to Mexico.
Gracia minuta Fab., piceous, length 6 min., is an introduced
European species which occurs in the Atlantic States.
Stromatium pubescens Hald., pale yellowish-brown, length 14.5
mm., is known from Pennsylvania.
XII. Cuion Newm. 1841. (Gr., ‘‘snow.’’)
To this genus belones the single species:
1890 (6038). (Huron ciInNcTUs Drury, Ill: Nat.
Hist., II, 1773, 85.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Brownish,
sparsely clothed with fine grayish pubescence;
elytra usually with an oblique yellow blotch in
front of middle. Antennze of male much longer
than in female, about the length of body. Tho-
rax cylindrical with a short, sharp spine each
side. Vlytra finely and rather densely punctate,
each with two short spines at apex. Length 16-
32mm. (Fig. 433.)
Throughout the State; scaree. April
25-June 18. Occurs beneath bark, most
commonly that of hickory, in the wood of
Pog eee
Laue ud which the larva dwell; also taken at light.
A ee Neal lee: The form with yellow spot on elytra, which
(After Forbes. ) : . af
. is of most frequent occurrence in the State.
is the one usually listed as var. aurganicus Fah.
XII. Epvrra Sery. 1834. (Gr., ““iverv.”’)
The members of this genus are readily distinguished hy the
two pairs of ivory-white spots on each elytron. But one of the
eleven known North American species occurs in the State.
1891 (6042). Epurta QUADRIGEMINATA Say, Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 275; ibid. IT, 237.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pale brownish-yel-
low; elytra each with two nearly equal oblong whitish spots
at base, and a second pair just behind the middle, the outer
one of which is nearly double the size of the inner. Thorax
eylindrieal, with two minute blackish tubercles on disk and
a short, sharp spine each side. Ilytra parallel, surfaee fine-
ly and rather densely punctured ; tips each with two spines,
the outer one of which is the longer. Middle and hind fe-
mora each with two spines at apex. Length 14-24
(Fig. 454.)
Man,
Throvighont the State: searee. July 2-August 31. Tig, 84. Kburia
2 ‘ ‘ oY quadrigeminata. Nat-
Breeds in hickory, ash and honey loeust. ural size.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1023
XIV Romaueum White. 1855. (Gr., ‘‘strong of body.’’)
The species of this genus differ from the next, with which they
are most closely allied, by their larger, more robust form and by
the episterna of the metathorax being distinctly though slightly
wider in front and gradually narrowed behind. The femora are
not spinose and the spines of antenne are never long. The males
have the antenne longer than body, the thorax densely and finely
punctured with a median channel on basal half and a small rounded
tubercle each side of middle. In the females the antenne are
shorter, thorax more coarsely punctured with a median and two
dorsal raised spaces.
1892 (6050). RoMaLeEUmM AToMARIUM Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1773, 98.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous brown with irregular spots of short
grayish pubescence. Thorax cylindrical without spines on side. Elytra
deeply, rather coarsely and densely punctured. each with two spines at
apex. Length 19-28 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in southern portion, scarce in
northern counties. July 2-September 10. Occurs beneath bark of
walnut, hickory and hackberry.
1893 (6051). RomaLeumM RuUFULUM Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Svc, X,
1847, 32.
Resembles atomarium in form and size. Reddish-brown with uniform
pubescence ef the same color. Thorax with a small tubercle cach side of
the median line, the latter widening into a triangular smecoth raised spot
on basal half. Length 22-28 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Spencer counties; rare. July 4-August
17. The Spencer County specimen was sent in as a supposed
‘kissing bug.’?’ Occurs on oak and at light. The paler and uni-
form colored pubescence readily distinguishes this from the pre-
ceding.
XV. Euapuipion Serv. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘a deer + little.’’)
Rather slender subcylindrical species, having the episterna of
the metathorax scarcely wider in front than behind; antenne
longer than body in male, shorter in female, and without distinct
sensitive spaces. Four species have been taken in the State, while
one other perhaps occurs.
[G5—23402]
1024 PAMILY LIU.—CERAMBYCID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELAPHIDION.
a. Antenne and elytra with long spines; thighs spinose at tip; thorax of
male and female similar with several small, smooth elevated spaces.
b. Above glabrous with patches of white hair. JRRORATUM.
bb. Above clothed irregularly with grayish pubescence.
1894. MUCRONATUM.
aa. Antennal spines small; thighs not spinose at tip; thorax of male finely,
female more coarsely punctured. :
c. Thorax rounded on sides, its disk with several smooth elevated
spaces. 1895. INCERTUM.
ec. Thorax scarcely younded on sides, nearly eylindrical.
d. Body with distinct mottled pubescence; legs densely punctured and
pubescent. 1896. VILLOSUM.
dd. Body shining reddish-brown, scarcely pubescent ; form very elon-
gate. 1897. UNICOLOR.
E. irrorafin Linn., piceous, with patches of white hair, length
19 mm., has been taken in Tlinois and Ohio.
1894 (6056). LAPHIDION MUCRONATUM
Say, Journ. Phil, Acad.
Nat. Sci.. ILI, 1824, 427:
ibid. II, 201.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull
reddish-brown, irregularly cl othed with
erayish-yellow pubescence. Antenne with
joints 3-5 each with a distinct spine, that
of the third joint one-half or more the
length of the fourth joint. Thorax nearly
cylindrical, sides feebly rounded; disk
coarsely and sparsely punctured, with the
median line and two small rounded spaces
each side smooth and slightly elevated.
Elytra irregularly and somewhat coarsely
punctured, the tips each with two spines,
the outer one the longer. Length 15-19 mm.
(Fig. 485.)
- Knox, Posey and Crawford coun-
Fig. 435. x 24. (After Chittenden in Bull. ties: sez nN 9) 2
Patan tte a ties: scarce. June 9-August 29. Oc-
curs on or about oak, hackberry,
beech, sugar maple and dogwood, in the wood of which the larve
bore.
1895 (6058).
Hlongate, subcylindrical, rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, mottled
with small patches of grayish-brown pubescence. Antenne with joikts 3-5
armed with very short spines. Thorax subglobose, wider than long, sides
rounded; median line smooth, polished, widest behind the middle anal with
ELAPHIDION INCERTUM Newm., Entomologist, 1840, 28.
y=
adh Ulises ry vUD-BORING BEETLES, 1025
two small, smooth elevations each side, the front one rounded, the other
oblong, the two sometimes connected. Elytra deeply, rather sparsely and
finely punctured, the tips each with two short spines. Length 14-17 mm.
Throughout the State; much more frequent in the southern
counties. June 25-September 20.
1896 (6062). ELAPHIDION vILLOSUM Fab., Ent. Syst.. I, 1798, 302.
Elongate, slender, subcyl-
indrical. Dark brown, clothed
with grayish-yellow, some-
what mottled pubescence; an-
tenn and legs reddish-brown.
Antenne of female shorter,
those of male longer, than
body, joints 3-5 armed with
short spines. Thorax cylin-
drical unarmed, surface
coarsely, deeply and rather ru-
gosely punctured. Elytra par-
allel, deeply and rather coarse-
ly punctured, the tips each
with two short spines, the outer one the longer. Length 11.5-17 mm. (Fig.
436.)
Throughout the State; common. May 11-July 11. This spe-
cies is the well-known ‘‘oak-pruner,’’ which does much damage to
oak and other trees by cutting off the small leaf-bearing twigs. <Ac-
cording to Chittenden* it attacks almost every woody plant that
grows, including all the more common forms of fruit trees. The
severed twigs vary in length from a few inches to two or three feet
and sometimes are more than an inch in diameter. An examina-
tion of one, and sometimes of both ends of one of the twigs will
show a smoothly cut surface, near the center of which will be seen
a more or less oval opening plugged up with a wad of a material
composed of fine shavings and sawdust. If one.of these limbs be
split open a larva or pupa will be found. The larva is subeylin-
drical, soft and fleshy, and of a whitish or light-yellowish color. It
is provided with legs which are, however, somewhat rudimentary
and of little service to the creature as organs of locomotion.
‘‘The pruning process is not always in itself especially injurious,
but the ultimate effects are apt to be more serious. The fallen
twigs serve as a breeding place for hosts of other wood borers, many
of which are injurious to timber. Among these are some which do
not hesitate, in default of an abundance of dead wood, to attack and
injure living trees. In case this beetle becomes injuriously abun-
Fig. 436. x 2. (After Chittenden in Bull. No. 18, New Ser.,
U.S. Div. Ent.)
*Bull. 18, New Ser., U. §. Div. Ent., 1898, 37.
1026 FAMILY LI¥.—CERAMBYCIDA.
dant, it may be readily controlled by gathering the intested twigs
during the winter and burning them before the following spring.”’
E. parallelum Newm. of the lists, formerly separated from vul-
losum by having the ‘‘thorax distinctly longer than wide,’’ is now
considered a synonym, as the differences are indistinguishable in a
large series.
1897 (6069). ELapHipion uUNicoLor Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II,
1838, 42.
Blongate, very slender, subcylindrical. Uniform light reddish-brown,
very sparsely pubescent. Joints 3 and 4 of antennz each with a short spine
at apex. Thorax cylindrical, nearly one-half longer than broad, sparsely
and irregularly punctate. Elytra deeply and rather closely punctured, the
tips each with a short spine on outer side. Length 8-12 mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. June 1-July 29. Occurs about
red-bud and wild plum, in the twigs of which the larvee dwell; also
taken at light.
XVI. Tyntonotrus Hald. 1847. (Gr., ‘‘a knot + back.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi-
ana by a single medium-sized species having the femora strongly
clubbed; antenne as long as body, compressed and with two grooves
or sulci on the outer side, these more noticeable on the third and
fourth joints.
1898 (6079). TyYLoNoTUS BIMACULATUS Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X,
1847, 38.
Elongate, rather robust, subdepressed. Dark brown or piceous; elytra
each with two rather large, somewhat rounded yellow spots, one near mid-
dle, the other near apex; femora yellowish except at base and apex. Tho-
rax short, nearly cylindrical, thickly punctured; median line and two small
raised spaces smooth. Elytra coarsely and rather sparsely punctured, not
spined at tip. Length 12-16 mm.
Putnam County: rare. July 8. The larve bore in ash wood
and the adults usually occur about these trees.
XVII. Herericutues Newm. 1840. (Gr., ‘different +load.’’)
Very elongate species having the eves large and coarsely granu-
lated; femora strongly clubbed; antennex of female slender; of male
with joints 3-6 thickened throuchout their full length; second joint
very minute in both sexes. One of the three known speeles oceurs
in Indiana.
han raesurten sci weD-BORING BEETLES. LOT
1899 (GOS4). HETERACHTHFS QUapRIMactLarvs Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil.
Suc. X, TS47, 43.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull brownish-yelluw. shining: ely-
tra each with two circular paler spots. one in front of and one just behind
the middle. Thorax cylindrical, narrowed in front, disk with a wide, shal-
low median groove interrupted at middle; surface. as well as that of elytra.
very sparsely punctured. Length S-11 mm.
One in Dury celle-tion from Laporte County. Oceurs from
Pennsylvania to Missouri. The larve live in the wood of hickory.
Zamodes vbscurus Lee., black, opaque, clothed with dense brown
pubescence, length 13 mm.. is known from New Jersey and Pennsyl-
vania.
Tribe II. OBRIINI.
Small species having the front coxe prominent. contiguous.
conical and enclosed behind: palpi slender. with the last joint tri-
angular; first serment of abdomen very long. the second and follow-
ing irregular in Jength, hairy and excavated or deformed in female:
thorax constricted and pedunculate at lase and narrower than
elytra: femora strongly clubbed; first jomt of hind tarsi as long as
the next two. But two of the seven genera are represented in the
eastern United States and Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OBRIINI.
a. Thorax much narrower at base than at apex. XVIII. PHyton.
aa. Thorax dilated at middle, equally narrowed at base and apex, tubercu-
late at sides. XIN. OBRitu.
XVII. Pryroy Newm. 1°40. (Gr., ‘‘plant.*’)
This genus contains but two small species. one of which occurs
in Indiana.
1900 (6090). PHyTon PaLitM Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. IIT,
1824. 412; ibid. IJ. 193.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull. pale yellow: thorax with three
dusky lines and elytra each with four oblique brownish bands. of which the
one just behind the middle is broad, the others narrow. Thorax broad in
front of middle. narrowed on apical fourth. much narrowed on basal third.
Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Knox County; rare. July 2. Should occur sparingly through-
out the State. The.larve live in red-bud. hivkory and «sage orange.
XIX. Oprita Serv.
Two small species having the thorax equally narrowed at base
and apex belong here. One has been taken in the State and the
other probably occurs.
1028 CAG LTS? Tilted Goce an ee pres soee
KEY TO SPECIES OF OBRIUM.
.@. Head and thorax piceous, coarsely and closely punctate; elytra pale red-
dish-brown, very sparsely punctate. RUBIDUM.
aa. Body uniformly reddish-yellow; thorax not closely punctate; elytra
more closely punctate. 1901. RUBRUM.
1901 (6092). OpriumM RUBRUM Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 393.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Head broader
than thorax, the latter with an obtuse tubercle each side near middle. Ely-
tra rather coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a yellowish hair. Fe-
mora rather strongly clubbed. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Posey, Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce. June 24-June
28. Beaten from vegetation.
Tribe II. STENOPTINI.
In this tribe the front coxal cavities are widely angulated on the
outer side, but entirely closed behind; abdomen normal in both
sexes; head extended forward, the front large and oblique; eyes
finely granulated and decply emarginate; hind tarsi with first joint
twice as long as second; legs and thorax sparsely clothed with long
flying hairs. Two genera, each represented in Indiana by a single
species, compose the tribe.
KEY TO GENERA OF STENOPTINIL
a, Elytra scarcely longer than thorax, their tips separated and rounded;
mesosternum triangular and truncate. XX. Motorcnus.
aa. Elytra elongate, gradually awl-shaped and widely separated at apex;
mesosternum broad, widely emarginate behind. NNI. Catiioxys.
XX. Movorcnus Fab. 1792. (A mythological name.)
1902 (6100). MororcHts BimactiatTus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 428; ibid. IT, 202.
Elongate, subdepressed. Dull black, sparsely pubes-
cent with long grayish hairs. Elytra dull yellow, blackish
at tip and margin; antennze and legs reddish-brown. Tho-
rax subcylindrical, rounded at sides, much narrowed at
base, surface coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length
5-7 mm. (Fig. 437.)
Throughout the State, common; less so in the
northern counties. April 12-May 27. Often
abundant on the flowers of the red haw (Cra-
a aed 4 tegus). Mating April 26 and May 27. Breeds in
hickory, maple, ash and dogwood.
THE LONG-HORNED WvuOD-BORING BEETLES. 1029
XXII. Canirmoxys Kratz. 1863. (Gr.. ‘beautiful = sharp.’’)
1903 (6101). CaLtimoxys saNGUINICOLLIS
Oliv., Ent., IV. 1808. 74.
Elongate, slender. Dull black; thorax of
male red, with narrow black apical and basal
margins; elytra brownish; hind legs yellow.
the tips of joints black. Thorax subcylin-
drical, its disk with four obtuse tubercles.
Elytra sparsely and rather coarsely punctate.
Hind tibie of males long and curved. with
numerous teeth on the outer margin. Length
$.5-10 mm. (Fig. 488.)
Laporte and Kosciusko counties:
rare. June 6—June 24. Occurs on
flowers of Jersey Tea. Fig 45 x 34. (Original.)
Tribe IV. RHOPALOPHORINI.
This tribe is composed of a singie +enus of small, slender beetles
having the head elongate; eves finely granulated and deeply emargi-
nate; antenn slender, as long as body in male, shorter in female,
the fourth joint shorter than the third or fifth: hind tarsi with first
joint twice as long as second.
XNII. RuoparopHora Sery. 1834. (Gr... ‘‘a club + bearing.’’)
This genus comprises three species. two from Texas. the other
from the eastern United States. including Indiana.
1904 (6105). RHOPALOPHORA LONGIPES Sav. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TIT. 1824. 426: ibid. IL. 201.
Elongate, very slender, subcylindrical. Bluish-black, the thorax red.
Thorax cylindrical, with a slight obtuse tubercle each side. very finely and
obsoletely punctate. Elytra with lasal fourth flat and suddenly sloping
downward. the humeri prominent: surface deeply, coarsely and rather
densely punctured, the tips subtruncate. sometimes with two short spines.
Length 7-S mm.
Western and southern Indiana from Vermillion County south-
ward: searce. May 30—June 30. Beaten from the foliage of oak
and the flowers of wild hydiangea.
Tribe V. TRACHYDERINI.
A large tribe containing as great a variety of forms as Tribe I,
Cerambycini. The distribution of the genera is. however, mostly
to the south and southwestward, representatives of but three of the
1030 FAMILY LI.—CERAMBYCIDA.
16 having been taken in the State. They are distinguished by the
finely granulated eyes, acutely triangular scutellum, and by having
the front coxal cavities open hehind.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TRACHYDERINI.
a. Thorax opaque, its sides with a spine or large tubercle; size larger, 13-
25 mm.
b. Body pubescent. XXIII. TrRacipion.
bb. Body not pubescent. XXIV. PURPURICENUS.
ada. Thorax shining, sides unarmed; size much smaller, not over 8 mm.
XXV. BATYLE.
XXIII. Tragipion Serv. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘a young goat.’’)
Large or medium-sized species having the scutellum small,
broadly triangular; thorax densely punctured, both it and elytra
with black pubescence concealing the punctures; antenne filiform,
joints 5-11 carinate on outer side.
1905 (6127). TRaGcIpIon coquus Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 393.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black; elytra each with a large,
rounded orange spot near base; antennse wholly black. Thorax as wide as
long, sides rounded, armed with a small spine behind middle. Elytra each
with three raised lines on disk. Length 16-25 mm.
One specimen in each of the Webster and Field Museum collec-
tions labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Occurs in the ‘‘ Atlantie and Southern States.’’
XXIV. Purpuricenvs Serv. 1833. (L., ‘‘purple.’’)
Medium-sized, handsome black and searlet or black and yellow
species, having the thorax with a small spine each side, the scutel-
lum broadly triangular and acute at tip. and the elytra not pubes-
cent. Two of the three species oceur in Indiana.
1906 (6129). PURPURICENUS HUMERALIS Fab., Ent. Svst.. Supp.. 1798, 143.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black, opaque, the legs alone feebly
shining; elytra each with a large, triangular, scarlet humeral spot, defined
by an oblique line, running from seutellum to middle of outer margin. <An-
tenne of male two-thirds longer than body; of female about the length of
body. Thorax coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Elytra deeply and
rather coarsely punctured on basal half, more finely and densely toward the
apex. Length 14-18 mm.
Taken only in Lake County in the wash-up along the beach of
Lake Michigan where, at times, it is frequent. June 15-July 13.
Said to oceur clsewhere on oak and hickory.
juash Lasaon aaeetedas aueeDSBORING BEETLES, 1031
1907 (61292). PURPURICENUS ANILLARIS Ilald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Sov.. X.
Is47, 31.
Resembles humcralis inform. Black; elytra from base to middle orange
yellow. Elytra much less coarsely and less deeply punctate than humeralis;
those of females emarginate and somewhat toothed at apex. Length 12-
19 min.
Lawrence and Crawford counties; rare. June 9—July 1. Beaten
from the foliage of hickory. Listed us a variety of hwmeralis, but
in my opinion wholly distinct.
XXNV Batyze Thom. 1564.
Small, slender forms. having the front of head short, not ab-
ruptly defined each side; antenne a little shorter than body, the
latter pilose ; scutelium small: thorax margined at apex. One of the
three recognized species occurs in the State.
IOS (6141). BatyLe stturais Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Iii, 1824.
411% Ibe Ts F825
Elongate, slender. Dirk red: antenne. legs and often the suture of
elytra varying from dusky red to black: surface sparsely clothed with long
blackish hairs. Thorax subglobose, very sparsely and finely punctured.
Elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured. the tips rounded. Length 6.5-
7.5 mmm.
Throughout the State: frequent. June 16—July 29. Occurs in
numbers on flowers of Jersey Tea (Ceanothus), dogwood (Cornus),
meadow-swert (Sprrua: and other plants. Mating June 25.
Tribe VI. STENOSPHENINI.
This tribe is represented by a single genus having the eves finely
granulated and deeply emarginate: the head, in our spevies. nearly
vertical; antenne as leng as body in female, somewhat longer in
male, tapering, punctured and pubescent, second joint small. third
longer than fourth. 3-7 armed with short apical spine on the inner
side; seutellum rounded behird; elytra truncate at tip and armed
with two apical spines; tibiw strongly carinated and the first joint
of tarsi as long as the two foliowing united.
NXVI. Srexospnenrs Hald. is47. (Gr., ‘narrow + wedge.’’)
This genus. possessing the characters of the tribe as given above,
is represented hy six species. all but one of which occur in the
southwestern United States. The exception is
1032 PAMILY LIL.——_ 000.2 -.
1909 (6161). SveENospuENuUS Noratus Oliv., Eut., IV, 1795, 61.
Blongate, nearly parallel. Black; thorax reddish with a central black
spot; under side of head and thorax reddish. Thorax wider than long, not
narrowed at apex; surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely and coarsely
punctured, each puncture bearing a gray hair. Length 9-12 mm.
Lake, Posey and Crawford counties; probably throughout the
State; frequent, especially in the wash-up of Lake Michigan; also
beneath bark of hickory, in the wocd of which the larve bore.
April 17-May 30.
Tribe VII. CLYTINI.
Our members of this tribe have the elytra banded with yellow or
white and black pubescence; eyes fincly granulated and deeply
emarginate, the lower lobe always large; antenne usually shorter
than body in beth sexes, joints rarely spined; front coxal cavities
rounded, open behind, not angulated on the sides; legs long, usually
slender, femora sometimes clubbed, tibie not carinated, hind tarsi
with first joint very elongate. Representatives of 9 of the 14
genera, comprising the tribe have been taken in Indiana, while
those of three others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CLYTINI.
a. Head small, front short, oblique; process of first ventral segment be-
tween the hind coxe rounded.
>. Thorax transversely excavated at sides near the base; prosternum
perpendicular at tip; thorax with three yellow crossbands.
XXVIT. CYLLENE.
bb. Thorax not excavated at sides, which are rounded and constricted at
base; prosternum sloping downward at tip; thorax without yellow
erossbands, but sometimes with yellow oblique bars each side.
c. Antenne compressed, subserrate; colors notably contrasted, with
black and yellow bands; length 23-25 mm.
XXVIII. PLaGronotus.
ce. Antenne filiform.
d. Large species, 20 or more mm.; thorax entirely black, much
rounded on the sides. XXIX. CALLOIDES.
dd. Smaller, not over 18 mm.; thorax with central black spot, the
sides much less rounded and clothed with grayish pubescence.
XXX. ARHOPALUS.
ad. Head large, front long; process between the hind cox acute,
ec. Elytra flat on basal third; size moderate, S-18 mm.
f. Front of head with one or more carinme of variable form.
XNXNT. Xynotrecuvs,
ff. Head without carinw.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1033
g. Thorax with short, transverse dorsal raised lines or ridges.
MAXI. NEGCLYTOS.
gg. Thorax without transverse ridges.
h. Episterna of metathorax narrow. XANIIL. CLYTANTHS.
hh. Episterna of metathorax wider. CLYTUS.
ee. Elytra swollen on basal third; small, ant-like species. not over 10 mm.
i. Elytra without a transverse oblique, ivory-like band.
j. Eyes oblique, emarginate.
i. Second joint of anteuns as long as fourth; antenne without
spines. MICROCLYTUS.
kk. Second joint of antenne distinctly shorter than fourth; third
joint with a spine. KNAIV, (CYRPOPHORTS,
jj. Eyes rounded, entire. TILLOMORPHA.
ii. Elytra each with a transverse, oblique, ivory-like band.
RAAY. EtCperces.
XXVIII. Cybtrene Newm. 1840. (Gr., the name of a mountain in
Greece. )
Medium-sized robust species having the body densely clothed
with short prostrate hair. In our species the thorax and elvtra are
conspicuously banded with vellow. Three of the five known species
occur in the State. :
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYLLENE.
a. Second joint of hind tarsus glabrous at middle; antenne of male longer
than body; prosternum between the cox:e longer than wide.
° 1910. PicTUs.
aa, Second joint of hind tarsus densely pubescent; antennee not longer than
body. ;
b. Basal third of elytra with three narrow yellow bands, the hindmost
one W-shaped; prosternum as wide as the coxal cavity.
1911. ROBINLE.
bb. Basal third of elytra orange yellow; prosternum not as wide at mid-
dle as coxal cavity. 1912. pDEcoRUs.
1910 (6170). CYLLENE prctts Drury, Ins., II. 1773. 91.
Elongate, rather robust. Velvety black; head, thorax and elytra with
narrow yellow crossbands, the third one from base of elytra W-shaped, the
three behind it sinuous; legs reddish-brown. Thorax wider than long, sides
rounded. Prosternum longer than wide, truncate at tip. Elytra tapering
behind the middle, obliquely truncate at tip but not prolonged. Length 12-
20 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent. .\pril 1s—April 28. Occurs
on clm and hickory Ines in spring. The larvie hore in the wood of
these trees and are often very destructive to the hickory.
1034 FAMILY LIl.—-CERAMBYCID.1.
1911 (6171). CyYLLENE ROBINIA Forst., Noy. Sp. Ins. 1771, 43.
LResembles pietias so closely that
only an expert can tell them apart. The
characters given in the key are those
usually relied upon. The elytra are less
tapering and more broadly rounded at
apex, thus giving ita more robust appear-
ance, and the hind femora and antenne of
male are distinctly shorter than in pictus.
Length 14-20 mm. (Fig. 439.)
Throughout the State; common.
August 21-October 9. Occurs
abundantly in autumn on golden-
rod and about the trees of the
biuck loeust (Robina). The wood
of this tree is often injured by the
larva, which is known as the “‘loeust
borer.’
Ent., TV. 1795, 65,
Elongate. robust. Head black 5 cly-
peus and a narrow transverse band he-
hind the eyes, yellow; thorax yellow
with three short and narrow, black
crossbars; elytra black, the basal third, a band behind the middle and the
tips yellow; under surface yeHow. Length 14-20 mm.
Knox County; rare. October 11. One specimen from near
the border of the tamarack swamp. «A southern species, which in
Indiana reaches its most northern and eastern range. Our form is
the var. charus Say described from Posey County, Say’s specimen
being taken ‘‘near the end of August.’’
|
|
| a 1912 (6172). CyLLENE pEcoRUS Oliv.
L,
\
Fig. 439. Female. % 2}. (Alter Hopkins in Cire.
No. 83. Bur. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agr.)
XXVIII. Phawonorvs Muls. 1842. (Gr., ‘oblique + hack.?*)
This genus contains only a single laree species, distinguished
from its allics hy the heavier compressed antenne,
19138 (1T!). TAgronorrs sprciost’s Ray, Amer, Entem. TL. 1888, 118,
pl 583 ibid. J, 118.
Klougate, robust. Blaek; densely clothed with yel-
low pubescence, this covering the greater part of head
and forming two short oblique bands on each side of
thorax and five on elytra, arranged as follows: one
forming an arch diverging from scutellum, behind this ;
a second W-shaped band; a third nearly transverse i
one across the middle; a fourth curved each side from
the suture obliquely backward and separated narrowly }
ae ieee yaaa upon the apex. Length Vig $40. Natural
THE LONG-LORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1035
Known from the State by a single specimen in the Dury col-
lection from Laporte County. Occurs in the vicinity of the soft
maple (Acer saccharinium L.) to the wood of which the larve often
do much injury. A species of northern range, probably occurring
only in the Transition life zone of the State.
XXIX. Catnomes Lee. 1873. (Gr., ‘beautiful + form.’’)
Here belong two large species distinguished by the form and
color of thorax and by having the mesosternum sloping downward.
One of the two occurs in Indiana.
1914 (6174). CaLLorpEs NopILis Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc. Nat. Hist.,
I, 1836, 84.
Elongate, robust. Brownish-black, opaque, densely clothed with very
short, velvet-like pubescence; elytra each with a rounded yellow spot at
base, a minute submarginal one bebind the humerus, a larger one before
the middle, and two narrow, transverse, sinuous bands on apical half;
these spots and bands often almost or wholly obsolete. Antenné short, one
half the length of body. Thorax globose, sides much rounded, surface
densely and finely granulate. Tips of elytra rounded, without spines.
Length 20-23: mm.
Lake County; frequent in the wash-up along the beach of Lake
Michigan; Starke and Clark counties; rare. May 27-June 28.
XXN. Arwopauus Serv. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘without +club.’’)
This genus is represented east of the Rocky Mountains by the
single species:
1915 (6176). ARHOPALUS FULMINANS Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798. 192.
Elongate, rather slender, subcylin-
drical. Black; head and thorax cov-
ered with grayish pubescence; the lat-
ter with a large black spot on center
of disk, and a small round one each
side. Elytra marked with ill-defined
zigzag bands of grayish pubescence.
Length 12-18 mm. (Fig. 441.)
Crawford and Posey counties ;
scarce. May 15—-June 26. Breeds
in oak, butternut and chestnut, the
adults occurring beneath the bark
E ‘ Fig. 441. (After Packard in Fifth Rep, U. S.
of these and neighboring trees. Ent. Comm.)
1036 FAMILY LII.--CERAMBYCIDA,
XXXI. XyLotrecuus Chev. 1860. (Gr., ‘‘wood+a runner.’’)
Medium-sized, slender species, having the front of head marked
with a carina or elevated ridge of variable form, which is best seen
by holding the insect with the front uppermost. In part of the spe-
cies the ridge is a smooth line starting below the eyes and running
a little past them, dividing at about the middle into two V or Y-
shaped lines diverging toward the sides of the head. In the re-
mainder of the species the diverging lines are absent, the division
being only represented by an impressed space. Six species may
oceur in Indiana, though but three of them have as yet been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLOTRECHUS.
a. Frontal carina reduced to an elongate space.
b. Carina scarcely divided; black, shining, with narrow yellow margins.
NITIDUS.
bb. Carina divided or impressed longitudinally.
c. Thorax with four spots of yellowish pubescence; elytral markings
white, indistinct. 1916. QUADRIMACULATUS.
ec. Thorax marked with lines; elytral pubescence yellow, the lines
connected at suture. CONVERGENS.
aa. Frontal carina V- or Y-shaped.
d. Hlytra obliquely truncate at apex, the outer angle with a spine; sides
of thorax regularly curved. SAGITTATUS.
dd. Elytra obliquely truncate but without distinct spine at outer angle.
e. Thorax without apical and basal margin of paler pubescence; ely-
tral bands about as broad as their intervals. 1917. coLoNnus.
ee. Thorax with apical and basal margin of yellow or white pubes-
cence; median elytral band angulate or undulatory.
1918. UNDULATUS.
X. nitidus Horn, length 12 mm., is known from New J ersey,
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Texas; Y, convergens Lee., length 8-11
mm., is recorded from Ohio and Iowa; X. sagittatus Germ., brown-
ish with more or less white pubescence, length 15-18 mm., ranges
from Massachusetts to Arizona.
1916 (6181). Xyrorrecuts QUADRIMACULATUS Hald. Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., X, 1847, 41.
Elongate, moderately robust, subcylindrical. Dull black; thorax with
a spot of yellowish pubescence in each angle; elytra with the sutural line
and three oblique processes therefrom dull yellow and sparsely clothed with
whitish hairs; hind margins of meso- and metasterna and three or four
segments of abdomen also with transverse bands of whitish pubescence.
Thorax cylindrical, largest at middle; surface with minute, irregular trans-
verse wrinkles. Elytra finely rugosely punctate on the sides. Length 12—
13 mm.
Monroe County; rare. June 9. Taken from trunk of beech:
said to occur usually on the black alder,
_ )D-BORING BEETLES. 1037
IT (Ol). NyYLoTrRECHUS COLONUS Fab., Syst. Ent,
1798, 91.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black or brown,
pubescent above and beneath with yellowish or whitish
hairs: these arranged to form very variable markings.
Those on thorax are usually four or six small spots.
two on base. two near apex and often two near mid-
dle; those on elytra consisting of a semicircular, sub-
humeral line enclosing a brown humeral spot, two
broad, pale crossbars and a smaller spot at apex. Tho-
rax cylindrical, longer than wide, roughly and coarse-
ly punctate. Length S-16 mm. (Fig. 442.)
Throughout the State: common. June 3—-Oc-
tober 15. Beaten from vegetation. Breeds in
oak, maple and beech.
WIS (6183). XMyLoTRECHUs tnptLatTts Say, Long's
Fig. 442. (After Gissler in Exped., II, 1824. 291; ibid. I, 119.
Fifth Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm.) Elongate. rather slender, subcylindrical. Black or
dark brown; elytra marked with yellow pubescence as follows: a narrow
stripe extending from scutellum along the suture to middle, thence curving
and angulate to outer margin, a short crossbar near humerus, a subapical
band and an apical curved line; these markings often broken into dots.
Length 11-21 mm.
One specimen in Webster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Its range
is given as the entire United States. Var. fuscus Kirby has the
sides of thorax covered with pubescent blotches and the elytral
bands wavy. In var. ‘nterrupfus Lap. the bands of elytra are
greatly obscured by a sprinkling of white hairs.
XNNIL Neocuytvs Thom. 1360. (Gr., ‘‘new + noisy.*’)
Slender bodied, subevlindrical species of medium size having the
thorax with short transverse ridges or with a broad, longitudinal
ridge, composed of many minute cross-ridges; antenne short, usu-
ally less than half the length of body. Four species have been taken
in the State. while two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEOCLYTUS.
a. Middle and hind femora spinose at apex.
b. Thorax witb a longitudinal elevated ridge, minutely rugose on its
crest; antenne filiform.
ce. Thorax witb apical basal and middle pubescent yellow bands; scu-
tellum elongate-triangular, the apex rounded.
1919. SCUTELLARIS.
ce. Thorax witb apical and basal bands only: scutellum transverse-
oval. 1920. LtUscts.
1038 PAMILY LI.—vJo nw tee
bb. Thorax with a few distinct transverse ridges arranged in median
row; antenne thickened towards apex; head and thorax reddish-
brown. 1921. ERYTHROCEPHALUS.
aa. Middle and hind femora not spinose; antenne filiform; thorax with a
number of distinctly elevated but more or less confused transverse
ridges.
d. Blytra rounded at tip; each with an oval or rounded pubescent figure
at base and two oblique bunds behind the middle. 1922. caPRaga.
dd. Blytra truncate at tip; bands of elytra angulate or curved.
e. Thorax wider than long. MURICATULUS.
ee. Thorax longer than wide. LONGIPES.
1919 (6195). NEOCLYTUS SCUTELLARIS Oliv., Encycl. Meth., V, 1790, 266.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Blackish, densely clothed with fine grayish-
purple pubescence and marked with narrow yellow bands as follows: two
vertical ones on front of head; three transverse ones on thorax, one on
front and hind margin, the third on center extending only to middle of
sides; elytra with the base reddish-brown, the scutellum and three narrow
bands yellow, one curving backward from scutellum, then forward to mar-
gin; one curving forward from middle of suture, then backward to margin,
the third oblique on apical fourth. Elytra tapering from hase to apex, their
tips obliquely truncate with a distinct spine at outer angle. Length S—
15 mm.
Marion County; rare. June 20. Ranges from New York to
Kansas and southward.
1920 (6196). NrocLtyTus Luscus Fab., Ent. Syst., Suppl., 1798, 152.
Resembles the preceding closely. Thorax less narrowed in front and
with the median yellow band lacking, the sides often marked with a reddish
spot, which, however, is not one of pubescence, but is a color of the chitin
itself. Antenne with joints G and 7 fuscous. Length 8-17 mm.
Marion County; rare. September 20. Taken from an elm log
in which probably the larve breed. The range is the same as that of
scutellarts.
1921 (6201). NerocLyTUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS Fab., Ent. Svyst., I, 1798, 335.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Reddish-brown; elytra blackish behind
the first band and with four nearly straight. narrow crossbars of bright
yellow pubescence, the ore at base less distinct. Thorax cylindrical, coarsely
granulate-punctate, the central ridge with four to six short transverse
ridges. Elytra obliquely truncate with a spine or blunt tooth at outer angle.
Length 8-18 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 10-A\ugust 13. Beaten
from foliage, especially that of hickory. The larve bore in the
wood of elm, soft mapie, black locust and hickory. The spines of
hind femora are often very sinall.
’D-BORING BEETLES. 1039
1922 (6198S). NrocLyTUs CAPR Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. ITI,
1824, 424; ibid. I. 120, pl. 53.
Elongate. subcylindrical. Black, thorax and under surface pubescent
with long whitish hairs; thorax with front margin narrowly yellow or
whitish; elytra each with whitish or yellow lines as follows: one curving
from scutellum backward, then forward along the margin to humerus. thus
forming nearly a circle: a second invérted W-shaped one just behind the
middle and a third oblique one on apical fourth; tips usually narrowly
edged with white or yellow. Length 12-20 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State. frequent: probably throughout.
April 23-Octoher 11. The larve breed in ashi. elm and hickory, and
the adults occur on the trunks of these trees or on flowers. Say in
his original description says that the ‘‘tips of elytra are emarginate
with a prominent spine at the external angle,’’ which is not true of
any specimen I have seen, nor is this character shown in his figure.
Tn all Indiana specimens at hand the pubescent lines of thorax and
elytra are white, not yellow.
NV. muricatulus Kirby, black or brown with white markings,
length 7-10 mm.. ranges from New England to Louisiana and Cali-
fornia. V. longipes Kirby. more slender, black with white mark-
ings, more distinct on base of elytra, length 9-11 mm., is known
from Virginia, Texas and Canada.
NNN. Chytaxravs Thom. 1864. (Gr., ‘‘noisv.’’)
In this genus both the frontal carina of head and the transverse
ridges of thorax are lacking; the side pieces of metathorax are nar-
row and the color black banded with white or yellow. Two species
are known from the castern United States and Indiana.
1923 (6207). CLyTANTHUS RURICOLA Oliv.. Ent.. IV, 1805, 70.
Elongate, rather robust. subcylindrical. Black; thorax with a yellow
marginal line, interrupted at middle cf base: scutellum and markings of
elytra bright yellow; the latter consisting of an oval oblique spot on basal
third, a strongly angulated band extending from suture backward to mid-
dle. thence forward and outward to near the margin, and an oblique bar
behind the middle; antennze and legs reddish-brown, the clubs of femora
blackish. Thorax subglobose, finely granulate. Elytra rounded at tips. not
spinose. Length S-14 mm.
Throughout the State: searce. May 10-July 1. Beaten from
elm.
1924 (6208), CLYTANTHUS ALBoOFAsctaits Lap.. Mon., 1837. 96.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Blackish-brown; elytra each with a
narrow oblique line on basal half. a long. curved, narrow band behind the
middle and the apex, whitish }mbescent: antennze and legs dark reddish-
brown. Length 8-10 mm.
[64-—23402]
1040 FAMILY LIL.—-
Posey County; rare. July 6. Known from Pennsylvania, Tli-
nois and Ohio. Occurs about wild grapevines, in the wood of which
the larve live.
Clytus marginicollis Lap., elytra black, pale at base and with
yellow crosshands, length 8-10 mm., is known from Massachusetts,
Georgia, Pennsylvania and Nevada.
Microclytus gazellula Hald., thorax above and elytra black, the
latter with pale markings, legs and antenne pale, length 6-7 mm.,
is recorded from the ‘‘Middle, States to Canada and Lake Su-
perior.”’
XXXIV. CyrropHorus Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘curve + bearing.’’)
The two species of this genus have the elytra swollen or elevated
on basal fourth and the third joint of antenne with a distinct spine
at apex. One of the two occurs in the State.
1925 (6210). CyrropHorRUS VERRUCOSUS Oliv., Encycl. Meth., VII, 1792, 458.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black; femora and basal three-fifths
of elytra reddish-brown, the latter marked with three narrow oblique lines
of whitish pubescence and. separated from the black portion by a transverse
line of similar pubescence; antenne, tibixe and tarsi dusky. Thorax com-
pressed, with a rather prominent median crest. Length 6-10 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. April 26-June 11. Taken from
beneath bark of walnut and on flowers of wild plum, apple and wild
cherry, the larve living in the wood of these trees.
Tillomorpha geminata Hald., head and thorax black, elytra red-
dish, marked with lines of silver-white pubescence, length 6-8 mm.,
is known to oceur from Massachusetts and New York to Pennsyl-
vania and Georgia.
NXNV. Evperces Lec. 1850. (Gr., ‘“‘beautiful+to look at.’’)
The members of this genus resemble black or brown ants and are
readily known by the ivory-white bar on each elytron. Three of the
four known species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUDERCES.
a. Ivory bar of elytra oblique; thorax striate with raised longitudinal lines.
b. Eyes nearly divided, the two parts connected with a narrow horn-
like line; thorax uniformly rounded at the sides. 1926. PIcIPES.
bb. Kyes completely divided: thorax distinctly depressed each side near
the front margin and subangulate at sides, 1927. PINT.
aa. Tvory bar of elytra exactly transverse ; thorax punctate, not striate.
1928. REICHET.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1041
1926 (6212). EvtpbERcEs Piciprs Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 1781, 157.
Elongate. slender, cylindrical. Black, rarely dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing; sparsely pubescent with grayish hairs. Elytra each with an oblique
raised ivory-like bar at middle; antenne and legs usually dark reddish-
brown. Length 5-8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 27-July 5. Beaten from
foliage of buckeye. honev-locust, hazel, oak, ete.
1927 (6213). EtpERcrs print Oliv.. Ent.. IV. 1795, 70.
Form of picipes. Reddish-brown. shining; elytra with apical third
black, each with a slightly oblique ivory-white line at middle and also an
oblique line of whitish pubescence on the black portion. Length 6.5-9 mm.
Posey and Dubois counties; scarce. April 29-May 11. Beaten
from foliage of wild grape.
1928 (6215). EtpbERCES REICHEI Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., IT, 1873. 202.
Form of picipes but smaller and more slender. Dark reddish-brown or
piceous. very sparsely clothed with long, erect hairs; antenne and legs
paler; elytra each with a narrow. transverse. ivory white band near middle.
Thorax cylindrical. longer than wide, smooth near the front margin, thence
granulate-punctate to base. Elytra with-granulate punctures from base to
beyond ivory bar. the apical third smooth, polished; the sub-basal tubercles
less prominent than in the other species. Length 4-5 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 2. Beaten from blossoms of the
false indigo, Amorphe fruticosa J.. Known heretofore only from
Tilinois and Texas.
Division III. ATJMIOIDES.
This group is represented by the single genus Atimia, distin-
guished by the characters given in key and by having the head
broad and short, the front perpendicular; eves large, almost di-
vided, not very finely granulated; palpi unequal, truncate at tip.
the maxillary about one-half longer than labial; antenne slender,
shorter than body, 11-jointed; scutellum subquadrate, rounded be-
hind; legs short, thighs moderately clubbed, hind tarsi with first
joint equal to second and third united.
NXXVL Atma Hald. 1:47. (Gr., ‘‘contempt.’’)
This genus, as above characterized, is represented by two species,
one of which oceurs in the eastern United States. including In-
diana.
1042 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCID.%.
1989 (6218). ATIMTA conrUSA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
276; ibid. II, 333.
Short, rather stout, subdepressed. Dull black,
clothed with rather long yellowish pubescence,
which is irregularly disposed so as to leave
abraded smooth spots. Thorax quadrate, broader
than long, sides feebly rounded, surface coarsely
and rather sparsely punctured. Blytra broader
than thorax, truncate at tips, surface with
sparse, fine punctures intermingled with larger
distant ones. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 443.)
Crawford County; rare. May 16. Oc-
curs on the red cedar, Juniperus virgti-
ana L.
f \
Fig. 443. x 4. (Original.)
Division IV. LEPTUROIDES.
This division comprises those members of the subfamily Cerma-
bycinz, in which the base of antenne are not enveloped by the eyes,
which are usually rounded, sometimes entire, but more often with
a small notch or emargination, and almost always finely granu-
lated; front cox conical, except in the first tribe; head narrowed
behind the eyes and the thorax narrowed in front, the union of
these two parts giving the appearance of a neck of greater or less
length. The name of the typical genus, Leptura, is derived from a
Greek word meaning ‘‘slender or attenuated,’’ in allusion to the
usually tapering form of the eciytra, which also often have their
base more or less elevated above the level of the thorax. As a gen-
eral rule the species are more active than those of the preceding
groups and many of them fly hy day and oceur upon flowers rather
than upon the trunks and about the roots of trees, where the mem-
bers of the preceding genera are usually found.
The division is separated into five tribes, all probably repre-
sented in Indiana, though four of them each only hy a single genus
and species,
KEY TO TRIBES OF LEPTUROIDES.
a. Front coxe globose; mandibles chisel-shaped. not fringed on the inner
margin; thorax spined on the sides and elytra at apex.
Tribe TI.) Drstentint p. 1043.
ad, Front coxre conics.
b. Joints 8 to 5 of antennre much thickened at tips: mandibles simple.
not fringed; elytra bluish-black, the basal third orange-vellow.
Tribe 1.) Drsmocerint, p. 1049
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1043
bb. Joints 3 to 5 of antennze normal, usually slender; mandibles acute,
fringed on the inner margin; elytra not colored as above.
c. Elytra short, not covering the wings.
Tribe III. NecypaLinr. p. 10H.
ce. Elytra of normal length.
d. Front nearly vertical; body elongate, slender, parallel; color dark
blue. Tribe IV. FencycLoptIni, p. 1045.
dd. Front oblique or horizontal; elytra usually tapering to apex.
Tribe V. Leprurini, p. 1045.
Tribe I. DISTENIINI.
In addition to characters given in key, the single genus of this
tribe may be known by having the body elongate; head large, hori-
zontal; eyes transverse, large, feebly emarginate; antenne long,
tapering, first joint as long as head, second very small, third and
following equal, nearly as long as first; legs long, slender, hind pair
longest ; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the two following united.
XXXVIT. Distenta Serv. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘two+band.’’)
This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented by
the single species:
1930 (6220). DiIsSTENIA UTNDATA Oliy., Ent.. PV, 1795, 25.
Very elongate, slender, subdepressed. Dark brown to jiceous. densely
clothed with short, gray, prostrate pubescence; elytra marked with three
serrate crossbands of darker pubescence, one on base, one just in front of
middle, the other on apical third. Thorax subcylindrical, base and apex
truncate, sides with a prominent. acute tubercle; surface with a short me-
dian line and four obtuse elevations, smooth, shining. LElytra gradually
tapering from base to apex, each with five somewhat irregular rows of
coarse punctures; intervals with distant scattered punctures; tips each with
two sharp, slender spines. Length 17-26 mm.
Lake, Vigo, Jackson and Crawford counties; scarce. June 25-
September 28. Occurs beneath bark of hickory and oak and on
foliage of wild grape. When disturbed feigns death and falls to
the ground, where it is difficult to see on account of the protective
coloration.
Tribe II. DESMOCERINI.
This tribe is represented in the United States by four species
belonging to the genus Desmoccrus. They are large insects having
the eyes finely granulated, nearly rounded, suddenly and deeply
emarginate; antenne 11-jointed, with joints 3 to 5 thickened at the
1044 FAMILY LI.—CERAMBYCIDA.
end, the outer ones velvety black; vertex prominent, deeply sul-
cate; front horizontal; prosternum very narrow between the front
coxe, which are large and conical, the cavities open behind; legs
slender, tarsi broad, the first joint of hind ones scarcely equal to
the two following united.
XXXVIII. Desmocerus Serv. 1835. (Gr., ‘‘band +horn.’’)
One of the four species occurs in the eastern United States, the
other three on the Pacific slope.
1931 (6221). DesMoceRUS PALLIATUS Forst., Noy. Spec. Insect., 1771, 40.
Elongate, robust. Dark blue; basal third of elytra orange-yellow. Tho-
rax bell-shaped, widening gradually from apex to base, hind angles acute,
disk with transverse wrinkles. Elytra parallel, tips obliquely rounded; sur-
face densely and rather coarsely punctured, each with three fine raised lines.
Length 17-23 mm.
Posey County; scarce. July 6. Occurs on the flowers and folli-
age of elder, Sambucus canadensis L., in the stems of which the
larvee bore.
Tribe III. NECYDALINI.
Readily known by the short elytra, which are scarcely longer
than the thorax, separated near apex and rounded at tip. The eyes
are finely granulated, iarge, oblique and deeply emarginate; an-
tenne filiform, second joint small, third and following equal in our
species; scutellum elongate, triangular; front coxw conical, prom-
inent, the cavities closed behind; legs slender, hind pair much
longer, first joint of hind tarsi much longer than all the others to-
gether. One of the two genera is represented in the State.
XXXIX. Necypauis Linn, 1758. (Gr., ‘‘chrysalis of the silk
worm.’’)
In this genus the third and fourth antennal joints are together
longer than the fifth and the last joint of palpi is bell-shaped.
1932 (6225). NECYDALIS MELLITUS Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835.
194; ibid. IT, 664.
Elongate, slender. Black; abdomen, front and middle legs and basal
joint of antenne dull yellow; elytra reddish-brown, often with paler spot
at tip, sometimes dull reddish-yellow with darker apex; hind legs dusky.
Head suleate between the antenne, coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax
subeylindrical, constricted in front of middle and with a blunt tubercle each
eh. dy Sen HR BRD BORING BEETLES, 1045
side; its surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra reaching only tu base
of abdomen, obliquely impressed on inner side. finely and densely punctate
with larger scattered punctures intermingled. Length 13-21 mm.
Putnam County; rare. June 25. Described from Posey County.
The upper surface of the abdomen is sometimes black.
Tribe IV. ENCYCLOPINI.
In this tribe the head is quadrate, sud-
denly but not strongly narrowed and con-
stricted far behind the eyes so that the neck
is very short: eyes finely granulated,
obhquely emarginate; antenne 11-jointed,
the first five jomts punctured; thorax con-
stricted before and behind, wider at base,.
tuberculate on sides, scutellum small, tri-
angular; elytra elongate, parallel rounded
at tips; legs slender, hind pair longer, first
joint of hind tarsi much longer than the
others combined and,in Encyclops, the only
one of the three genera’ occurring in the
eastern United States, cylindrical. One
species, Encyclops caruleus Say, green or
blue, shining, coarsely punctured, length
7-8 mm. should be looked for in southern ,
i ing
Indiana, having been taken by Dury at a Ob Hatin aie es
Cincinnati. After Smith in Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent.
‘omm.)
Tribe V. LEPTURINI.
This tribe contains numerous species, all possessing the char-
acters of Division IV, as given above, and also having the palpi un-
equal, the maxillary elongated, the last joint cylindrical or triangu-
lar; neck Jong; thorax usually wider at base; elytra usually nar-
rowed from base, sometimes acute and separated near apex, but more
often rounded and separated (Fig. 444) ; legs slender and never very
short. The species occur, for the most part, on flowers, are usually
prettily colored and clothed with fine pubescence. The tribe is di-
vided into 14 genera, eight of which are known to be represented
in Indiana, while members of three others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LEPTURINI.
a. Spurs of hind tibiz not terminal. but borne at the base of a deep ex-
eavation; thorax tuberculate at the sides. XL. Toxotus.
aa. Spurs of hind tibise terminal.
1046 ION MIGY: Salle aay ere inehennags:
b. First joint of hind tarsi with the usual brush of hair beneath; tho-
rex, with rare exceptions, distinctly tuberculate or spined at sides ;
head obliquely narrowed behind the eyes.
ce. Antemue short, joints 5-11 wider; thorax with heavy spine at
sides; elytra strongly costate. XLI. RHAGIUM.
ee, Antenne long or moderate, the joints not thickened; elytra never
strongly costate.
d, Kyes large or moderate; thorax with a short, acute tubercle on
side.
e. Hyes coarsely granulated, very prominent; elytra almost par-
allel. XNLIT. CENTRODERA.
ce. yes tinely granulated; body narrowed behind.
f. KKyes feebly emarginate. PacHyTa.
Jf. Eyes more strongly emarginate. ANTHOPHILAX,.
dd. Byes small, not emarginate; thorax angulated or rounded on
sides.
g. Body above more or less pubescent, opaque or moderately shin-
ing; mesosternum not protuberant. XLII. AcM20ps.
gg. Body above brilliant metallic green; mesosternum protuberant.
XLIV. GAuROTEsS.
bb, First joint of hind tarsi without brush-like sole; thorax with few ex-
ceptions broadest at base, its sides never spined or tuberculate:
head constricted clase behind the cvyes.
h. Last ventral of male deeply excavated; form very slender, strongly
tapering behind.
i. Elytra strongly sinuate on the sides; size larger, 20 or more mm.;
antenne without poriferous spaces. BELLAMIRA.
ii. Wlytra less sinuate on the sides; smaller, not over 18 mm.; an-
tenn with poriferous spaces on the outer joints.
XLV. STRANGALIA.
hh. Last ventral of male not excavated; form less slender and less
tapering behind.
j. Antenne with poriferous spaces. XLVI. Typocerts.
jj. Antenne without poriferous spaces. XLVIT. Leprura,
XL. Toxorus Serv. 1835. (Gr.. “a bow + carrying.’’) ,
Species of medium or rather large size, having the spurs of the
hind tibie inserted at the base of a deep exeavation instead of at
the extreme end; thorax constricted hefore and behind and tuber-
culate or spined at the sides; elytra strongly tapering from base to
tips, which are obliquely truneate: sinuate at sides on basal third.
Three species have been taken in the State and another probably
occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TOXOTUS.
a. Third joint of antennre very decidedly longer than fourth.
b. Elytra of one color.
e. Elytva black ; body either yellow or black; legs hicolored,
1933. sciraunntt.
THE LONG-HORNED WOQOD-BORING BEETLEx. 1047
ec. Elytra reddish-brown, sometimes varying to blackish; legs of one
color. 1934. CINNAMOPTERUS.
6b. Elytra bicolored. black, with marginal and discal strijes yellow.
TRIVITTATUS.
aa. Third joint of antenne very little longer than fourth; elytra black or
dark reddish-brown, tips obliquely emarginate and bidentate.
1935. CYLINDBICOLLIs.
1933 (6288). Toxotts scHatmm Lec.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. I, 1850.
320.
Elongate, robust, tapering behind. Male black, finely pubescent; central
part of femora yellow; female, beudy yellow except the tibi#, tarsi and an-
tenn, which are black. Antennz with third joint elongate, fourth shorter
than fifth. Thorax narrowed in front, finely and sparsely punctured, sides
with acute tubercle. Elytra with humeral angles prominent, surface finely
rugose-punctate. Length 19-25 mm.
Crawford County; rare. May 19.
1934 (6245). Toxorts cINNAMOPTERUS Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IT.
ASSS, 45.
Elongate, slender. Pale reddish or cinnamon brown. densely clothed
with fine, silky pubescence: bead and thorax darker. Eyes large. premi-
nent, blackish. Antenne about as long as body, male; two-thirds the length.
female. Thorax as in cylindricollis. the basal trausverse impressed line
less strong. Length 10-15 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. May 12—June 7. Occurs
on the foliage and flowers of various shrubs, especially wahoo and
wild hydrangea. In two specimens the general color is dark red-
dish-brown.
1925 (6243). ToxortUs cyLiNpRIcoLiis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
ITI. 1823. 417; ibid. II. 1%.
Form of schaumii. Varies from dull blackish, female, to reddish-brown,
male, densely clothed with silky pubescence: pro- and metasterna and an-
tenn, at least in part. reddish-brown; legs and abdomen of male often
partly of same hue. Thorax cylindrical, wider at base, with two trans-
verse impressed lines. one near base, the other in front of middle, these
with a rather deep longitudinal groove between them; sides swollen but not
tuberculate. Length 17-22 mm.
Putnam and Crawford counties: scarce. June 27—July 10. A
pair were taken from hickory while meting on the former date, the
male heing wholly reddish-brown except the elytra, tibia and tarsi.
T. trivittatus Say. length 15-17 mm., a member of the Transi-
tion life-zone, is recorded from northern Ulinois.
1048 PAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCID4A&.
XLI. Reagium Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘‘to tear.’’)
Antenne short, scarcely reaching the hase of elytra; eyes rather
small, oblong, sightly cmarginate; prosternum prominent between
the front coxw. One species oceurs throughout the northern
United States.
1986 (6232). RHAGIUM LINEATUM Oliv.. Ent., IV,
1795, 69.
Blongate, rather robust. Black, mottled with
brown and grayish pubescence; elytra with ted-
dish-brown spots. Thorax cylindrical, much nar-
rower than elytra, armed each side with an acute
tubercle. Elytra feebly narrowed from base to apex.
each with three smooth, rather strongly elevated
lines; intervals coarsely and sparsely punctate.
Length 13-18 min. (Pig. 445.)
Laporte County; searce. June 11. Oc-
Fig. 445. (After Marx in Fith CS Heneath the bark of pine and in lumber
Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm.) yards.
XLII. Crnrroper, Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘spine + neck.’’)
Eyes large, globose and prominent; antenne slender, as long as
body, male; one-third shorter, female; second joint very small,
fourth intermediate in size between the third and fifth; body elon-
gate, sides nearly parallel. One species has been taken in the State,
and two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CENTRODERA,
a. Tubercles on sides of thorax acute.
b. Elytra uniform reddish-brown, truncate at tips. 1937. DECOLORATA.
bb. Elytra clay-yellow with irregular brown stripes and blotches, the
tips rounded and slightly separated. PICTA,
aa. Tubercles of thorax obtuse; pubescence of elytra arranged in lines.
SUBLINEATA.
1987 (6233). CENTRODERA DECOLORATA Tlarr., Injur. Ins.,
1S41, 93.
Very elongate, subcylindrical, somewhat tlattenod
above. Reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Thorax cyl-
indrical, constricted and much narrowed before the tu-
bercle, the disk with a wide but shallow median groove.
Elytra at base about twice as wide as thorax, feebly nar-
rowed to apex, coarsely and somewhat confiuently pune-
tured on basal half, more finely towards apex. Length
27 mm. (Tig. 446.)
Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. Qceurs on
beech and maple.
Fig. 446. X 1}.
(Alter Wickham.)
X2D-BORING BEETLES. 1049
C. picla Hald, length 13 mm., is known from New York, Penn-
sylvania and South Carolina. C. sublincata Lec., dark piceous,
length 14 mm., has been recorded from Cincinnati.
Pachyta monticolt Rand., black, elytra dull yellow with tips
and four black spots in a line near suture, length 9 mm., and P.
liturata Kirby, elytra entirely black, or dull yellow with black spots,
length 15-18 mm., are both members of the Transition life-zone and
may occur in the northern counties.
Anthophilar viridis Lec., elytra greenish-blue, legs black, and
-l. malachiticus Hald., cupreous-bronzed to blue, legs pale, length
13 mm., may also occur in the northern third of the State.
XLITI. Acarrors Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘point + eye.’’)
Species of small or medium-size, having the eyes small, not
emarginate; antenne about the length of body, the fourth joint
slightly shorter than third; thorax variable in form, the disk either
distinctly angulated or rounded, not tubereulate. Many of the
species vary much in color, so that the synonymy is very much
mixed. But two species have been taken in the State, though three
others perhaps oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACM ZOPS.
a. Front and mouth not greatly prolonged.
b. Form short, stout; hind tarsal joints stout, equally pubescent be-
neath; antenns stout; sides of thorax concave behind the middle,
the angle distinct. 1938. BIVITTATA.
bb. Form slender; hind tarsal joints slender, the last one only pubescent
beneath; antennz slender.
ec. Disk of thorax convex, not channeled, sparsely and finely punc-
tured; elytra rounded at tips, dull yellow with suture, dorsal
stripe and side margin black. 1939. pDrREcTa.
ec. Disk of thorax flattened behind and prolonged each side into a
tubercle; elytra truncate at tips.
d. Black; elytra opaque, base, side margins and sometimes the su-
ture, bright red; tubercles of thorax conical and on the sides.
DISCOIDEA.
dd. Black; elytra shining, black striped with dull yellow or fuscous;
tubercles of thorax obtusely rounded and on disk. PROTEUS.
aa. Front and mouth greatly prolonged; black, elytra black, fuscous or
dull yellow, sometimes with dorsal stripe and tips fuscous.
PRATENSIS.
1050 FAMILY LIL.—onKamey cist.
19388 (6259). AcMasors BIVITTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT,
1824, 416; ibid. II, 195.
Plongate-oblong, rather robust. Usually dull brown-
ish-yellow ; thorax with two black spots and elytra each
with a narrow dorsal and a broader black lateral stripe;
varies from entirely black to almost wholly dull yellow.
Antenne about as long as body. Thorax much broader
at base than apex, with a transverse impressed line in
front of middle and another near base; sides angulate,
‘ the angle forming an oblique tubercle; surface finely and
Gti Wiehe) sparsely punctate. Elytra much broader than thorax,
clesely and rather coarsely punctate, the tips rounded.
Length 6-9 mm. (Fig. 447.)
Wells, Lawrence and Crawford counties; searce. May 11—June
26. Occurs on the flowers of Anemone pennsylvanica L. Accord-
ing to Leng the form nigripennis Lec. has black elytra with thorax
more or less yellow; the form rarians Lee. is entirely black, while
fuscipes Lee. is entirely dull yellow except the dusky head.
1989 (6271). Aca_azoPs DIRECTA Newm., Entomologist, 1842, 71.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head, thorax, legs and under surface yel-
low; elytra as described in key; antennal joints yellow at base, dusky at
tips. Thorax subcylindrical, convex, broader at base, narrowed in front,
sides rounded, not tuberculate. Elytra coarsely and deeply punctured.
Length 6-8 mm.
Marion, Lawrence, Crawford and Pusey counties; scarce. June
4-June 27. Beaten from shingle oak, Quercus imbricaria Miehx.
A. discoidea ald., length 6.5-S mm.; A. profeus Kirby, length
6-9 mm., and A. pratensis Laich, length 6-8.5 mm., are all recorded
from Michigan and may occur in northern Indiana.
XLIV. Gaurores Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘superb.’’)
This genus is readily known by the shin-
ing green elytra: Three species are recog.
nized, one of which has been taken in the
State.
1940 (6276). GAUROTES CYANIPENNIS Say. Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1II, 1824.
423; ibid. TI, 200.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Head, tho-
rax and under surface black; elytra bluish-
green, shining; antenne and legs pale brownish-
yellow. Antenne a little shorter than body. Tho-
rax bell-shaped, narrowed and constricted on
apical half; surface smooth, shining. Elytra
twice or more hroader than thorax, rather
sparsely and finely punctured, humeri prominent, Vie. 44 hs Ria 9 es
tips subtruncate. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 448.) ay Tote bi
Fs
fake Ges ueraOiescas wy 0D-BORING BEETLES. 1051
Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties: frequent. May 19-July
22. Occurs on flowers of sumac and wild hydrangea.
Bellamira scalaris Say. chestnut-brown to black in hue. elytra
marked with paler, as shown in Fig. 444. 20-27 mm. in length,
ranges throughout the Eastern United States and has been recorded
from Michigan and Ohio.
XLV. Srranearra Serv. 1535. (Gr., ‘‘a rope or halter.’’)
The very slender form, with elytra tapering greatly from base
to tips will serve to separate the members of this genus. In our
species the last ventral segment of the male is strongly excavated
and the sixth and following antennal joints have small oval, de-
pressed poriferous spaces near the tips. Thorax bell-shaped, much
narrowed in front, hind angles prominent, acute, base bisinuate.
Four species have been taken in the State. They occur especially
on the flowers of wild rose. wild hydrangea and other summer
blooming plants.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STRANGALIA.
a. Head and thorax wholly black; elytra dull yellow, with margin and
suture blackish. 1941. ACUMINATA.
aa. Head and thorax not wholly black.
bo. Elytra not wholly black.
ec. Elytra dull brownish-yellow, with black spots on sides: antennce
black. 1942. FAMELICA.
ec. Elytra reddish-yellow, with three black crossbars; antenne red-
dish-yellow. 1943. LUTEICORNIS.
6b. Elytra wholly black. 1944. BICOLOR.
1941 (6252). STRANGALTA ACUMINATA Oliy., Ent., IV. 1795. 73.
Elongate, very slender. Uniform black except the elytra, which are
dull yellow with black suture and side margins: under surface rather
densely, upper more sparsely, clothed with yellowish prostrate pubescence.
Thorax finely and rather densely punctate, the median lobe of base smaller
than in famelica. Elytra sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, tips less
acuminate and more distinctly truncate than the next. Length 5-10 mm.
Crawford County; scarce. June 26-June 258. Much smaller
and more slender than famelica.
1942 (6281). STRANGALIA FAMELICA Newm.. Entom., 1$41, 68.
Elongate, slender. Above dull brownish-yellow, clothed with brighter
yellow pubescence; antennie. two broad stripes on thorax and usually «ome
spots on sides and a band near apex of elytra. black; under surface usnally
dark: abdomen, sumetimes. and legs partly dull yellow. Thorax with sur-
face, as well as that of elytra, rather sparsely and coarsely punctate. Hind
tarsi with third joint strongly emarginate. Length 1~-14 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun-
ties. May 30—July 27.
1052 PAMIDY TS cause Sees
1943 (6284). SPRANGALIA LUTEICORNIS Fab., Syst.
Ent., 1775, 197.
Elongate, slender. Reddish-yellow; thorax
with two stripes and elytra with three eross-
bars black; hind femora black at tips. Thorax
densely and rather finely punctate. Elytra more
sparsely punctate, their tips acute. Length 9-
183 mm. (Wig. 449.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more
so in the southern counties. May 31—July
ils
1944 (6285). STRANGALIA BICOLOR Swed., Vet.
Ac. Nya. Handl. VIII, 1787,
197.
Elongate, very slender. Reddish-yellow; ely-
tra black; tibis: and tarsi dusky. Thorax finely
and rather densely punctured; hind angles very acute, strongly diverging.
Elytra more sparsely punctate, their acute tips widely separated. Length
12-14 mm.
Starke, Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent.
June 9-June 28.
Fig. 449. x 34. (Original.)
XLVI. Typrocerus Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘impression + horn.’’)
The members of this genus are more robust than those of Stran-
galia, but have the same tapering form. From the species of Lep-
tura they are distinguished by the large impressed poriferous
spaces on the antenne. These are near the bases of the sixth or
seventh and following joints and appear as elliptical or elongate
smooth spots. Three species have been taken in the State, while
another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYPOCERUS.
a. Antenne black, the sixth and following joints with impressed spaces;
thorax bell-shaped, not strongly rounded on the sides.
bo. Elytra never entirely black, usually banded with yellow.
c. Legs black; elytra black with basal spot and three transverse
bands yellow, the two front bands sometimes united at suture.
SPARSUS.
ce. Legs reddish-brown ; elytra reddish-brown, with four yellow bands,
these frequently imperfect or obsolete. 1945. VELUTINUS.
bb. Elytra, legs and antenne entirely black. 1946. LUGUBRIS.
aa. Antenne brown, joints 3-5 longer, sixth without impressions in either
sex; thorax strongly punctured, much rounded on the sides before
the middle; elytra with four yellow bands more or less confluent.
1947. SINUATUS.
T. sparsus Lec., length 9-10 mm., is known from Wisconsin,
Michigan and Ohio.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1053
1945 (6292). Typocervs VELUTINTS Oliy.. Ent.. IV. 1795, 73.
Elongate, robust, strongly tapering behind the middle. Head. thorax
and antenne black; under surface usually black. the ventral segments red-
dish-brown, often blackish at base. Elytra rather finely and evenly punc-
tured, each puncture bearing a prostrate yellow hair; tips subobliquely trun-
cate, each with two short spines. Length 10-14 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. June 2-July 21. Oceurs on
flowers, especially those of wild hydrangea and Jersey Tea. By
the elimination of the yellow crossbars the elytra are sometimes
almost or wholly reddish-brown.
1946 (6293). Typocerts LUGUBRIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., TI,
1824. 419; ibid. IT, 198.
Elongate, rather slender, tapering behind. Uniform deep black; elytra
very rarely with a reddish spot near humerus. Upper surface with pros-
trate black hairs; under surface with yellowish ones. Tips of elytra sub-
emarginate, the outer angle acute. Length 9-11 mm.
Crawford and Posey counties: scarce. June 25-July 7. Oc-
curs with the preceding.
1947 (6296). Typocerts sIntatTcs Newm.. Entomologist, 1841. 70.
Elongate, rather slender, tapering behind. Black with rather dense
yellowish pubescence; elytra with yellow bands. the three basal ones fre-
quently connected near suture, tips black. Thorax convex, suddenly nar-
rowed in front, sides strongly rounded. Tips of elytra subtruncate, not
spined. Length 10-13 mm.
Two specimens in Dury collection from northern Indiana.
Should occur throughout the State. The bands of the elytra are
sometimes reduced to spots near the margins.
XLVIT. Leprura Linn. 1758. (Gr., ‘‘slender.’’)
A genus of large size containing about 70 known North Ameri-
can species. It is separated from Zypocerus only by the absence
of poriferous impressed spaces on the antenne. Sixteen species
have been taken in the State, while six others perhaps occur. For
convenience, the species, whose range is such as to include Indiana,
are arranged in three groups.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA LEPTURA.
a. Thorax more or less triangular or bell-shaped, widest at base.
b. Hind angles of thorax prolonged. Group A.
bb. Hind angles not prolonged. Group B.
aa. Thorax nearly quadrate, more or Jess rounded or sub-bell-shaped, usual-
ly constricted in front and behind, hind angles not prolonged.
Group C.
1054 FAMILY LIT.—CERAMBYCIDE.
Group A.
Nine species of this group have been taken. while the range of
two others is such that they may be looked for in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
a. Size very large, 28-30 mm.; black with velvety yellow pubescence; ely-
tra red, apex black. 1948. EMARGINATA.
aa. Size moderate or sinall, not over 15 mm.
b. Thorax with transverse basal impression present, often deep; elytra
usually narrawed behind, often very much so and frequently spotted,
striped or banded.
c. Thorax with sides not much rounded in front of middle.
d. Blytra black or dull brownish-yellow with black tips; abdomen
with the third, fourth and base of fifth segments red.
PLEBEJ A.
dd. Elytra with black and red or yellow markings.
e. Outer joints of antenne annulate at base with dull yellow.
f. Female reddish-yellow varied with black beneath; male
black, elytra with yellow stripes; form more robust.
1949. SUBHAMATA.
ff. Blackish; legs and elytra yellowish, the latter with suture.
discal stripe and side margins black; form much more
slender. 1950. LINEOLA.
ce. Antenne not annulate; black; sides of elytra, metathorax and
ubdomen red; elytra not narrowed lbehind. much separated
at tips. JOS1. CREENTATA,
ec. Thorax convex, with sides much rounded in front of middle and a
transverse depression at base: black with dense golden pubes-
cence forming four elytral bands. 1952. NYTESS.
bb. Thorax without distinct transverse basal impressious: size small:
elytra subparallel at sides, not spotted or handed but uniformly
dark.
g. Elytra margined and usually rounded at tips.
h. Black: elytra blue, polished, coarsely and symarvsely punctured;
antenme and legs either black or yellow. THa3,
hh. Black or piceous; head and thorax often reddish.
i. Elytra shining, rather coarsely punctured.
CHALYB-EA.
j. Thorax without impressions; hind angles not prominent;
tips of elytra subtruneate. 1954. CAPITATA.
jj. Thorax impressed near the hind angles, which are very
prominent; tips of elytra rounded. TN55. AMERICANA,
i, Elytra more finely punctured, pubescence fine white: thorax
either dull red or yellow. EXIGUA,
gy. Elytra not or scarcely mareined sat lips; dull Dlack, with fine white
pubescence; head, legs and first antennal joint sometimes red-
dish or partly so. 1996. SUBARGENTATA.
THE LONG-HORNED WO0OD-BORING BEETLES. 1955
1948 (6297). LeprtRa EMARGINATA Fab., Ent. Syst.. Il. 1775. 341.
Elongate, robust. Color given in key. Antennz feebly serrate. Tho-
rax strongly narrowed from the base, which is broadly but deeply bisinuate:
surface sparsely punctured. Elytra widest at base. gradually narrowed be-
hind, truncate and emarginate at tips. Length 27-30 mm.
One specimen in Dury collection from northern Indiana.
Taken by him also near Cincinnati. Of it he says: ‘‘This fine
large species emerges from dead beech timber in June; the holes
are perfectly round and some of them one-half inch in diameter.
Many come from a single tree. vet it is very difficult to get speci-
mens.’
L. plebeja Rand., length 13 mm., is a member of the Alleghanian
fauna, recorded from Michigan.
1949 (6304). LEepruURaA SUBHAMATA Rand., Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 44.
Elongate. rather slender. Male, head and thorax
black; base of legs and discal elytral stripe (often in- |
terrupted) vellow. Feinnle. reddish-yellow. the top of
head. a discal spot on thorax. scutellum, svtural and
side margins and transverse median elytral band black.
Antenne filiform. Thorax as in cmarginata, Fifth
ventral of male broadly truncate-emarginate and _ bi-
dentate. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 450.)
Steuben County: rare. June 16. Taken
from flowers of wild hydrangea. <A species of
northern range.
Fig. 450. Female. x 3.
1950 (6308S). LEPTURA LINEOLA Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. (Original.)
Hist.. III. 1824, 421; ibid. IT, 199.
Elongate, slender. Black, finely pubescent; legs (except tarsi) and
elytra dull yellow. the latter with narrow sutural line, a narrow stripe on
disk, and a broad one, sometimes broken into spots on sides, black. Thorax
densely and finely puncturéd, feebly impressed. not sinuate on sides. Ely-
tra with sides subparallel; surface coarsely, deeply and rather closely punc-
tured; tips truncate, subemarginate. Length S-12 mm.
Southern half of State: frequent. May 17-August 13. Occurs
on flowers of various kinds. especially wild rose and Jersey Tea.
1951 (6310). Leprtra crtfxTatsa Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. N.
1847, 64.
Elongate-oblong, slender. Color given in key; femora red. their tips
black. Thorax nearly smooth, strongly and gradually narrowed from the
base, which is bisinuate, the transverse basal impression deep. Elytra
scarcely narrowed behind, coarsely punctured; tips rounded, widely sep-
arated and margined, the onter angle subacuminate. Length 9 mm.
Vigo County: rare. June 15. Taken from flowers of the red-
osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.)
[| 67—23402]
1056 FAMILY Lif.—-CERAMBYCID.E.
1952 (6819). Leprvra NITENS Forst.. Nov. Spec.
Ins., 1771, 45.
Elongate, robust. Black ; body beneath. mar-
gins of thorax and four elytral bands densely
clothed with golden yellow pubescence ; antenne
dark reddish-brown; legs pale reddish-yellow.
Thorax convex, with transverse impressed lines
before and behind. Elytral bands broader at
the suture, the basal one curving outward and
forward to enclose the humerus; tips of elytra
obliquely truncate and subemarginate. Length
10-13 mm. (Fig. 451.)
Lake and Marshall counties; scarce.
f ~ June 11-June 15. Beaten from foliage of
Fig. 451. x 3. (Original) cak. Tisted as L. zebra Oliv.
1953 (6311). Leprurs cHALyBaa Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1847, 60.
Elongate, rather slender. Black: elytra steel blue, shining. Thorax
subquadrate, convex, not much broader at base than apex: hind angles
small; surface finely punctured. Elytra parallel, rather coarsely and sparsely
punctured; tips rounded, not widely separated. Length 6-7 mm.
Posey County: rare. June 25. Reneges fron. New York and
Pennsylvania to Iowa.
1954 (6312). Leprura cApITara Newiu., Entomologist, 1841, 71.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black; head and thorax red. Thorax con-
vex; sides rounded, narrowed in front, hind angles small; surface finely
and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra much more coarsely and sparsely
punctured, the tips subtruncate. Length 6.5-9 mim.
Lawrence and Posey counties; searce. April 26-July 10.
Taken from flowers of wild plum.
1955 (6313). Leprura ameErIcANA Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, N.
1847, 63.
Form of capitata. Black: head and thorax red, with fulvous hair.
Thorax convex, strongly widened behind the middle. finely and sparsely
punctate. Hlytra parallel, densely not coarsely punctured. Length S-9 min.
Recorded by Leng from Indiana, Ohio and southward: also by
Dury from Cincinnati,
DL. erigua Newm., black, legs in part pale, thorax sometimes yel-
low with a black diseal spot, length 5.5-7 mm., is a member of the
Alleghanian fauna recorded from northern Tilinois.
1956 (6316). Lerrura SUBARGEN TAT \ Kirby, Rann. Bor. Amer., TV. 1837.
IS4.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Color given in key. Thorax bell-shaped,
more elongate and slender than in capitate, ils surface densely, rather finely
punetate. Elyiria more coarsely and sparsely punctate, the tips rounded.
Length 6-7.5 mm.
Marion and Crawford counties; searee. June 1-June 8. Our
THE LONG-iLORNED WOUD-BORING BEETLES. 1057
form is var. ruficcps Lec.. having the head red, or partly so, the
front legs and base of middle and hind thighs reddish-vellow.
Group B.
In this group the species are usually of larger size with the hind
angles of thorax not prolonged; the antennx with joints one to four
and half of the fifth, punctured, the remainder covered with very
fine, dense silky hairs. Four species have been taken in the State.
while another may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Antenne annulate with yellow (except in male of canadensis).
b. Tips of elytra truncate and dentate.
ce. Elytra deeply truncate-emarginate at tips; antenue of male ser-
rate; black, elytra more or less red. 1957. CANADENSIS.
ce, Elytra truncate at tips, those of male sometimes feebly emargi-
nate; black, elytra reddish ; abdomen red, male, black, female.
1958. RUBRICA.
bb. Tips of elytra nearly rounded, widely separated; black, elytra with
reddish or yellowish submarginal stripe, ravely wholly dull yellow
or wholly black. VAGANS,
aa. Antenne not annulate.
d. Black; elytra dull yellow except at tips, which are truncate and
rather broadly and obliquely marked with black. = 1959. PROXIMA.
dd, Black; elytra black, each with four triangular yellowish spots, their
tips scarcely truncate. 1960. OCTONOTATA.
1957 (6322). LepTURA CANADENSIS Oliv., Ent.
IV. (TiS, TB:
Elongate, rather slender, elytra tapering be-
hind. Black; elytra usually with a large basal
reddish spot, which rarely (var. erythroptcra)
extends over the whole surface. Antenne with
11th joint distinctly divided; unicolorous, male;
joints 3 to 9 yellow at base, female. Thorax
elongate, narrowed in front, deeply constricted
behind; surface. as well as that of elytra.
coarsely and closely punctured. Length 13-
17mm. (Fig. 452.)
Several in Dary collection from La-
porte County, taken by G. MM. Levette.
Probably to be found throughout the north-
ern third of the State. Ovcurs about pine
and hemlock.
TS (6884). LerrurRA RUBRICA Say, Journ. pig 459. (After Smith in Fifth Rep.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT, 1824. U.S. Ent. Comm.)
418; ibid. IT, 197.
Elongate, robust. Color given in key; under surface rather densely
clothed with fine yellow pubescence. Antenme with 11th joint scarcely di-
1058 PAMILY LII—CERAMBYCIDA.
vided, joints 1 to 5 in both sexes black, remainder annulate at base with
yellow. Thorax short, convex, bell-shaped, constricted behind; surface
coursely and densely punctured. Elytra tapering from the base, coarsely
and somewhat sparsely punctured, more finely toward tips, which are sep-
arated. Length 10-16 mm.
Throughout the State; searee. June 11-July 4. Occurs in the
sand dune region of Lake and Porter counties on the blossoms of
the prickly pear cactus. Opuntia rafinesqui’ Engelm; elsewhere on
foliage of oak and wild grape.
L. vagans Oliv., length 9-12 mm., occurs throughout the eastern
United States.
1959 (6344). Leprcura PRoxIMA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI, 1824.
420; ibid. II, 198.
Elongate, robust. Color given in key; surface sparsely pubescent with
short, yellowish hairs, those on thorax longer and erect. Thorax rounded
or subglobose, coustricted before and behind: disk with a broad and shallow
median channel, rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra rather
densely, not coarsely punctured, their tips truncate and subemarginate.
Length 14-15 mm.
Marion and Posey counties; searee. June 6-July 1. Oceurs on
foliage of maple and on flowers.
1960 (6351). LEpTURA OCTONOTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III,
1824, 419; ibid. II, 197.
Elongate, rather robust. Color given in key; hind tarsi and base of
hind femora pale. Body pubescent with long, whitish, suberect hairs. Tho
rax subcylindrigal, feebly rounded on the sides, rather finely and densely
punctured. Length 10-12 mm.
Putnam County; rare. June 5. Two specimens in Durv eol-
lection taken by Levette in northern Indiana. The spots of elytra
are equidistant. the front one on base.
Group C.
To this group belong medivm-sized or small species in which
the elytra are nearly parallel and the thorax as described in key.
Six species are aserilicd to the group, three of which have been
taken, while the others probably ocenr within the State.
KEY TO SPECILS OF GROUP c.
a. Thorax much, often suddenly, narrowed in front; elytra parallel from
near base to tip.
b. Thorax feebly or not constricted but with an impressed line at base;
elytra protuberant at base.
c, Head prolonged behind the eyes; black, shining; elytra each with
a yellow stripe, rarely wholly black. 1961. viTTaTa.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1059
ce. Head not prolonged; black, without markings. 1962. PUBERA.
bb. Thorax deeply constricted at base, the sides strongly rounded; elytra
not protuberant. ,
d. Thorax not densely punctured or clothed with yellow pubescence.
e. Black; legs more or less yellow; thorax sometimes (var. rufi-
' collis Say) red, nearly smooth except at base. SPH 4RICOLLIS.
ee. Black or piceous; elytra brown, each with side margin and a
long, narrow stripe on disk dull yellow; thorax sparsely and
finely punctured, more coarsely at base. 1963. VIBEX.
dd. Thorax densely punctured and clothed with yellowish pubescence;
dull yellow, the elytra with black stripes. AURATA,
aa. Thorax quadrate, hardly narrowed in front and not constricted behind ;
elytra feebly narrowed from the base; black, the elytra sometimes
dull yellow or with the tip alone dark. MUTABILIS.
1961 (6353). Leprura virrata Oliv., Encye. Meth., VII, 523.
Elongate, slender. Black; elytra usually with a yellow stripe, broader
at base, extending to beyond middle; rarely wholly black or dull yellow.
Head densely punctured and with a distinct neck. Thorax elongate, sub-
cylindrical; surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely and rather coarsely
punctured. BHlytra wider on basal third, the sides thence parallel to tips,
which are subtruncate. Length 10-13 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 25—June 28. Occurs on
foliage of Virginia Creeper and other shrubs.
1962 (6354). Leprura puBrra Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
279; ibid. II, 336.
Elongate, slender. Black, feebly shining. Head densely punctured, neck
short. Thorax bell-shaped, base bisinuate, surface densely and rather
coarsely punctured with a smooth median line and with numerous erect
black hairs. Elytra sparsely and coarsely punctured, the tips truncate and
feebly emarginate. Length 9-10 mm.
Kosciusko and Starke counties; scarce. June 5-July 1. Oc-
curs on the flowers of meadow-sweet (Spirwa). The base of thorax
is more deeply bisinuate and not at all constricted in pubera,
whereas in vittaia the constriction is evident though feeble.
L. sphericollis Say, length 7-5 mm., is known from Ohio, Ken-
tucky and Michigan; ZL. awrata Horn, length 9 mm., and L. muta-
bilis Newm., length 8-13 mm., have both been recorded from Cin-
cinnati; the latter also from Michiyan.
1963 (6356). Leptura vipex Newm., Entomologist, 1541, 72.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head and under surface black; thorax
reddish ; elytra as mentioned in key; front of head and legs, except tips of
femora, dull yellow. Antenne with tips of joints reddish-yellow. Thorax
convex, deeply constricted before and behind. Elytra rather coarsely, not
densely punctured, the tips rounded. Length 7-10 mm.
Posey County; scarce. June 11. Occurs throughout the east-
ern United States.
1060 FAMILY LIL-—-CERAMBYCIDZE.
Subfamily III. LAMIINAE.
The members of this subfamily are very numerous and vary
greatly in size, color and general appearauce. The three characters
in which aimost all agree are the small, oblique groove of the outer
side of the front tibix, the lack of side margins of the thorax and
the cylindrical pointed or spindle-shaped terminal joint of the
palpi. In the tribe Wethiint alone the tarsal grooves are absent.
In addition the front of the head is vertical, so that, viewed from
above, the face cannot be seen and is usually large and flat; front
coxe rounded, never transverse, the cavities rarely open behind,
ventral segments always five. The tarsal claws are either ‘‘divari-
cate,’’ i. e., extending in a plane at right angles to the length of
the last tarsal joint, or ‘‘divergent,’’? not in the same plane but
forming an angle. The “‘cicatrix’’ is a yort of sear seen near the
tip of the scape or first antennal joint in certain genera.
The species generally remain stationary hy day upon the trunks
and branches of trees, and often escape detection hy the resem-
blanee which they bear, in the hues and seulpture of their bodies,
to the color and inequalities of the bark on which they repose.
Their colors are, therefore, as a gencral rule less vivid than those of
the Cerambycineg, the prevailing tints being brown and gray.
The larve resemble those of the Cerambyciney in being of a
nearly cylindrical form, but a little tapering behind, and consider-
ably swollen at the front extremity, with a small head, which is
retractile within the enlarged front seement. These larve differ,
however, from those of nearly all other Longicorns in being wholly
destitute of legs.
The principal literature relatine to the North American forms
of the subfamily, aside from the general works on the family al-
ready cited, ure as follows:
Horn.— ‘Notes on some Genera of the Cerambyeide of the
United States,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Sov., VII, 1878, 41-50.
Horn — ‘Notes on some Genera of Cerambycida: with Descrip-
tions of New Species? a Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc
1850, 718-158. I Ent. Soc.. VITI,
Horn —*Deseriptions of some New Cerambyeida: with Notes,’’
tH Trans. Amer, Ent. Sov., NIT, 1885, 173-17.
Leng, Chas. Wo Hamilton, John— “The Lamiine of North
America,’ tv Trans. Amer, Ent. Soe., NXITT, 1896, 101-17.
Fel, BLP. & doutel, LD. H— ‘Monograph of the Genus Sa-
perda,’? a Bull. 74, N.Y. State Mus., 1904, 1-86, pls. 1-14.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1061
Fall. H. C— "New Species of Pogonocherus with Synoptic
Table.’’ in Ent. News, XNI. 1910, 5-9.
The subfamily is divided by LeConte and Horn into 16 tribes,
eight of which are known to be represented in Indiana. while mem-
bers of two others may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF LAMIIN-E.
a. Elytra entire: front tibize sulcate.
vb. Elytra with a spine or pretuberauce near the scutellum; size simall.
not over 6 mim.
c«. Humeri rounded; elytra convex with large spine near the scu-
tellum; front coxal cavities rounded.
Tribe I. Cyririntnr. pp. 1002,
cc, Humeri distinct; elytra less convex with oval protuberance near
scutellum; front coxal cavities angulated.
Tribe IT. Psexocenixt, }). Vie.
bb. Elytra not spincse or protuberant at base; size usually larger or
moderate (over 6 mm. except in some Linpus of Tribe IV).
d. Scape of antenne with an apical cicatrix (except in Dorcaschema) ;
body elongate. subcylindrical: mostly large species with antenne
sometimes greatly elongate in male.
Tribe III. MoNoHaM MINI. p. 10053,
dd. Scape of antennwe without apical cicatrix.
e. Tarsal claws fat least those on front tibie) divaricate.
f. Front coxal cavities rounded; middle coxal cavities closed or
nearly so: hedy usually broad; antennz usually very long in
males. Tribe IV. ACANTHODERINIL p. 1060.
ff. Front coxal cavities angulate; middle cavities open.
g. Tarsal claws simple (except the outer one of front and mid-
dle tarsi in some males of Saperda..
hk. Sinaller, somewhat flattened species; thorax with a spine
or tubercle on sides.
Tribe Vi PowoNociERINI, po TOSO,
hh. Larger cylindrical species: thorax never armed with spine
or tubercle. Tribe Viil. SAPERDINI, p. 1054.
gg. Tarsal claws cleft or appendiculate.
Tribe IN. PHYTCECTINI. p. O89.
ec, Tarsal claws divergent.
i. Front large. flat: front cox angulated.
Tribe VI. ONcIDERINI, p. 1083.
ii. Front inflexed; form very slender and elongate.
Tribe VII. Hrppopsint, p. 1083.
aa. Felytra about half the Jength of abdomen: front tibire not snleate; front
eoxal cavities angulated, widely open behind: eyes very large, divided.
Tribe XX. Meruini. p. 1095.
1062 FAMILY LIU.—CERAMBYCID.%.
Tribe I. CYRTININI.
This tribe is represented in the eastern United States by a single
genus containing one species, which is the smallest member of the
subfamily :
XLIX. Cyrrinus Lee. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘convex.’’)
Head broad; eyes small, divided, coarsely granulated; antenne
a little longer than body, scape slender withont apical cicatrix; the
joints each with one or two hairs near tip; legs stout, femora
strongly club-shaped.
1964 (6383). CyrTINUS PYemM.xtUs Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1847, 42.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark brown; antennal joints annulate with
yellow; elytra with a transverse blotch of white pubescence before the mid-
dle. Thorax subcylindvical, constricted at hase, very convex, smooth. Ely-
tra convex, wider behind, nearly smooth, each with a large acute spine near
the seutellum. Length 2-3 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 5. Occurs on dead branches of oak
and is probably frequent throughout the State, but overlooked on
account of its small size.
Tribe Tl. PSENOCERINI.
Also represented by a single genus and very small species oceur-
ring from the Atlantie States to Nebraska.
pm
L. Psenocerus Lee. 1850. (Cr., ‘eynips +horn.’’)
In addition to characters given in key this genus may be known
by having the antenne shorter than body, scape rather stout, with-
out cicatrix; third and fourth joints equal, longer than the others;
tarsi wider than in Cyrtinus, the last joint rather long; claws
widely diverging, not divaricate.
1965 (6384). PseNocerUs SUPERNOTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
I< JIT, 1824, 425 : ibid[I1, 200.
Elongate, cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown or blackish.
densely and rather coarsely punctured ; scutellum, a narrow
oblique band about the middle and a wider curved band, not
reaching suture, on apical third, clothed or composed of
white pubescence. Thorax cylindrical, convex, constricted at
base. Elytra eylindrical, each with an oval obtuse elevation
Fig. 453. 2. neu dhe seutellum. Length 8-6 mm. (ig. 453.)
(After Wickham.)
Throughout the State; eommon. April 23—July
29. The larvw dwell in the stems of grape, currant, gooseberry
TILE LONG-HORNED \WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1063
and sometimes in twigs of apple. The adult is called the ‘currant
tip borer’’ and is often beaten from the flowers or foliage of the
various species of red-haw (Crataegus) and other shrubs.
Tribe III. MONOHAMMINI.
In this group of genera the front is large, vertical, quadrate,
flat; eyes somewhat finely granulate, emarginate; antenne longer
than body, very long in male, except in Goes and Cacoplia, scape
rather stout; elvtra narrowed behind or cylindrical; front coxal
cavities angulated. Five of the seven genera comprising the tribe
are known to be represented in the State, while a sixth probably
occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MONOHAMMINI.
a. Legs long, the front pair elongate in male; antennz much longer than
body.
b. Thorax with spines on the sides. LI. MoNowAMMUS.
bb. Thorax cylindrical without spines.
ce. Elytra rounded at tip; black or grayish-brown.
LII. DorcascHeMa.
cc. elytra pointed at tip; colur uniform ash gray. VAI. HeEtamis.
aa, Legs equal, not elongate.
d. Scape of antenne with a distinctly limited cicatrix.
e. Thorax cylindrical; color gray. CACOPLIA.
cc. Thorax with a spine each side; color brown or gray. LIV. Goes.
dd. Scape of antenne with the cicatrix not sharply defined; thorax with
a strong lateral spine; color black and white. LV. PLECTRODERA.
LI. Mononammts Serv. 1835. (Gr., ‘‘one+band or fetter.’’)
Here belong large species with long legs, which occur upon pine.
The antenne of the males are very long, quite roughly punctured
and without pubescence; those of females shorter, very much
smoother and clothed with a fine ash-colored pubescence on the
basal half of each joint from the third; except in confusor, in which
the whole of each joint is pubescent: thorax with a robust spine
cach side. Two species and one variety have been taken in the
State, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOITAMMUS.
a. Tips of elytra rounded, the sutural angle acute or projecting as a short
spine.
bv. Larger, 20-32 min.; elytra darker; antenne of male longer.
1966. TITILLATOR.
1064 FAMILY LIL.---CERAMBYCID.
bb. Spnaller, 13-18 mm.; elytva paler; antennee of male not more than
twice the Jength of body. 1OGGa. yaa. CAROLINENSIS.
aa. Tips of elytra rounded, the sutural angle not prolonged, usually very
obtuse.
e. Surface color black, distinctly bronzed, the elytra with very small
or no patebes of white and brown pubescence.
1967. SCUTELLATUS.
ec. Surface color brown; elytra sparsely mottled with small patches of
gray and brown pubescence; antenne of female uniformly pubes-
cent, CONFUSOR,
1966 (6385), MoNolAMMUS TITILLATOR Fab., Syst. Ent., 1775, 279.
pa TS. Elongate, robust,
hy subcylindrical. Brown-
\ ish, the elytra irregu-
\ larly mottled with
\ patches of brown, pic-
eous and gray or white
pubescence. Antenne of
male sometimes four
and a half times, those
/ of female never more
than one and a half
times, the length of
body. Punctuation of
thorax variable from
very sparse to dense.
: s Length 20-30 mm. (Fig.
Tig, 454. Male. Natural size. (After Harris.) 454.)
Marion County; searee. July 2--July 28. Probably introduced
in pine lumber.
1966a (——). MONOMAMMUS TITILLATOR CAROLINENSIS Oliv.. Hntom., IV,
1795, 85.
Form of titillutor but smaller and amore cylindrical. Color much paler,
the pubescence ash gray variegated with brown, the piceous spots of titil-
lutor almost wholly absent. Thorax coursely and roughly punetured on
center of disk; finely, transversely wrinkled near base and apex. Elytra
coarsely and rather closely punctured on basal half, more finely and sparse-
ly toward tips, which in beth sexes are rounded, the sutural angle evident
but obtuse. Length 13-18 mm.
Lake and Porter counties; searce, May 25-hine 29. Occurs
on the Northern scrub pine, Pinus banksiana lam. Usually con-
sidered a synonym of fi/Malor, but in my opinion a distinet varicty.
Tt is the same as LeConte’s oinor.
THE LONG-IHORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1065
1967 (G3S7T). MONOHAMMUS SCUTELLATUS Say. Long’s Exped., ITI, 1824.
280: ibid. I. 192,
Elongate, subcylindrical; color given
in key; scutellum clothed with white pu-
bescence. its median line often smooth.
Antenne of male twice as long as body;
of female. one-fourth longer than body,
and sometimes annulate. Thorax trans-
versely wrinkled, especially so near front
and hind margins. Elytra coarsely and
rugosely punctured. more so in male.
Length 15-28 mm. (Fig. 455.)
Lake and Porter counties: fre-
quent beneath bark of pine. June 15-
July 3.
MV. confusor Kirby, leneth 28-31
mn., oceurs in “Canada. New Eng-
land and the Middle States."
TIL Dorcasengara Lee. 1850. (Gr..
‘a deer + form.’’)
This genus comprises three medi-
um or small-sized species, differing Fig, 455. Cher Smith in Fifth Rep. T. 8
from their allies by the lack of cica- Ent. Comm.)
trix on basal joint of antennez, the smooth sides of thorax and the
rounded tips of elytra. All three oceur in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF DORCASCHEMA.
a. Thorax truly cylindrical, longer than wide: brown with grayish pubes-
cence.
b. Thorax trausversely wrinkled, indistinctly punctured; larger, J5-
22) Wy. i WILDII.
bb. Thorax not wrinkled: punctuataion distinct ; smaller, S-12 mm.
JOGO, ALTERNATUSM.
aa. Thorax slightly narrowed behind the middle. nearly as wide as long:
color black. 1970. NIGRUM.
19GS 66301). DorcascHEeMA WILbit Uhler. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VIT.
1855, 217.
Elongate. slender, subcylindrical. Brown. densely clothed on disk of
thorax and elytra with yellowish-gray pubescence, this bordered on sides
with light vray pubescence: elytra with numerous small, rounded, bare
spets and a large. irregular ene behind the middle; often also with a stripe
of Clay yells w pubes-ence on sides, extending from middle to apex. Thorax
with median line smooth and with numerous fine tranxverse raised lines
or wrinkles. Length 15-22 mm.
Marion and Fountain counties: scarce. -Tune 3-June 17. This
and the next breed in mulberry and osage-orange and the adults
are usually found en the trunks or foliage of those trees.
+
1066 FAMILY LI.—CERAMBYCID.
1969 (6392). DorcASCHEMA ALTERNATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1823, 405; ibid. II, 188.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Brown, sparsely clothed with prostrate
gray pubescence; thorax with four narrow stripes of clay yellow pubes-
cence; elytra each with three rows of irregular spots of similar pubescence,
those of middle row the larger. Thorax sparsely and finely punctured, with
an elongate median smooth space. Elytra more coarsely punctured; each
with an irregular bare space behind the middle, this densely and confluently
punctured. Length 8-12 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 24-July 7.
1970 (6393). DorcascHEMA NIGRUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1827, 272; ibid. II, 330.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Uniform duil black. Heud with a nar-
row raised line. Thorax finely granulate-rugose. Elytra minutely granu-
late, sparsely, rather finely and deeply punctate. Length 8-10 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 5—July 8. Breeds in
hickory, in the dead twigs of which it occurs in numbers.
LITT. Heremis Hald. 1847. (Gr., ‘‘in sight’? or ‘“‘at hand.’’)
Differs from the preceding by having the elytra narrowed and
pointed at tip. The antenne are slender, tapering, double the
length of the body, the third joint loneest, twice the length of
fourth, fifth slightly longer than fourth. One species is known
from the eastern United States.
1971 (6394). HeTrasMIs CINEREA Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 68.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, densely clothed with short, gray-
ish, prostrate pubescence. Antenne naked, black. Thorax cylindrical,
slightly longer than wide, narrower than elytra, the middle third with a
smooth dorsal line. Elytra rather densely and coarsely punctured, the
punctures hidden by the dense pubescence. Length 8-12 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent.
May 16—July 7. Breeds in walnut, mul-
berry, osage orange and hickory, about
the dead limbs of which it may be found.
Cacoplia pullata Hald, clothed with
soft gray puhese ence, length 10-16 mm.,
is known from New York, Periisylvania,
Ohio and southward.
LIV. Gos Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘‘mag-
ical.’’)
Robust species, having the legs rather
short and subequal in size; seape of an-
Fig. 456. Goes pulchra Hald. (Atte
§ alll ip Hith Tee U8, ome Cn tenne with a distinet oramnlilee impres-
sion near apex: thorax evlindrienl with
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1067
a short, obtuse spine each side. (Fig. £56.) Four of the six spe-
cies are known from ihe State, and the others probably oceur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GOES.
a. Surface color of body brownish; antenne of male not more than one
and a fourth times the length of body.
bo. Elytra each with a conspicuous space on apical half, which is not
pubescent.
ce. Size larger, 22 or more mm.
d. Pubescence of surface white. 1972. TIGRINA.
dd. Pubescence clay-yellow. the basal region of elytra darker, less
pubescent. (Fig. 456.) PULCHRA.
ec. Smaller, not over 15 miu.; pubescence marbled with whitish and
dark clay-yellow. 1973. DEBILIS.
bb. Elytra without conspicuous bare space on apical half.
e. Pubescence clay-yellow or pale brown, inconspicuously mottled with
paler spots. 1974. TESSELATA.
cc. Pubescence grayish or almost white, uniform; elytra usually with
two crossbars of darker pubescence. 1975. PULVERULENTA.
aa. Surface color of body black, shining; antenne of male twice as long as
body; elytra coarsely punctured. OCULATA,
1972 (6396). GorEs TIGRINA DeGeer, Ins., V, 1775, 113.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dark brown, rather densely clothed
with prostrate white pubescence. Thorax short, wider than long; disk
with three obtuse tubercles. sides with a much longer one. Flytra finely
and sparsely punctate, the basal third roughened with small, black, elevated
points. Length 25-30 mm.
One specimen in Wehster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Ranges
from Pennsyivania and Canada westward and southward.
G. pulchra Hald (Fig. 456), length 23 mm., breeds in hickory
and is known from the Eastern and Southern States and Ohio.
1973 (6398). Gors pEBILIs Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IT, 1852, 150.
Elongate. rather robust, subcylindrical. Brown; head,
thorax and apical third of elytra clothed with reddish-
yellow or fulvous pubescence; basal half of elytra mot-
tled with grayish pubescence. Thorax cylindrical, wider
than long, coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra sparse-
ly and rather coarsely punctured on basal half, more fine-
ly toward tips. which are rounded. Length 11-15 min.
(Fig. 457.)
Lake, Steuben, Ntarke and Marshall counties;
frequent. June 13-July 5. Beaten from hickory
a Fig. 457. (After Smith
and black or yellow-barked oak, Quercus velutina in Filth Rep. U.S. Ent.
Comm.)
Lam,
1068 FAMILY LIl.— CERAMBYCID.
1974 (6399). Gors TESSELATA Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., NX. IS47, 51.
Elongate, robust, subcylndrical. Dull brown; everywhere clothed with
very short, prostrate, brownish hairs; elytra with simall spots of yellowish
hairs arranged in irregular rows. Thorax finely punctured and more slen-
derly spined than in debilis, Elytra punctured as in that species. Length
20 mm.
Marshall County: rare. June 12. Known from New York,
Georgia and Louisiana.
1975 (6400). Gores PULVYERULENTA Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. XN. 1S47, 51.
Form of tesscluta, Drown; uniformly clothed with short, prostrate,
whitish hair; elytra indistinctly cross-barred at base and again behind the
middle with darker pale brown pubescence; scutellum sometimes clay-yel-
low. Thorax and elytra punctured as in fessclata. Length 19-23 min.
Lake, Marshall, Madisun and Marion counties; scarce. June 10-
July 15. Beaten from foliage of black oak. Said to breed in
beech and wild cherry.
G. oculata Jec., pubescence whitish, elytra each with a small
black spot one-third from apex, length 10-11 inm., is known from
New York, Ohio and Wisconsin.
LV Prrcrropera Lee. 1852. (Gr, ‘spur + neck.’’)
3ody stouter than in Goes, with stronger thoracic spines; lower
margin of head behind the mentum straight. not rounded as there ;
antenn of males but little longer than body. One species occurs
in the eastern United States.
176 C402). Precrsoners, scaraton ab. Syete Jo., DL 2075, 278.
Elongate sube ylin-
ts dvical, very robust.
S Black, shining: elytra
\ with conspicuous, dense
white pubescence ar-
ranged in irregular
transverse rows. Tho-
rax with similar pubes-
cence arranged so as to
leave a large dorsal spot
and a space around the
base of spines bare, Legs
Mig. 458. Natural size. (After LeConte.) Vn SUL Hae: SIplPSely
ig : clothed with fine gray-
ish pubescence. Blytra very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 25 -
e2mm. (Fig. 458.)
Lake and Porter counties: searee. August 6-Neptember 19
Oceurs in the sand dune region, where it probably breeds in the
THE LONG-i1O0RNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES, 1069
quaking aspen and cotton-wood (Populus), both of which are fairly
common in that area. One of the largest and most striking mem-
bers of the family in our fauna.
Tribe IV. ACANTIIODERINI.
Small or medium-sized, rather broad and usually somewhat flat-
tened species, having the front large, qnadrate, vertical; palpi slen-
der ; elytra rounded or truncate at tip; front coxal cavities rounded,
closed behind; legs moderate, femora usually strongly club-shaped,
middle tibize with a tubercle on the outer margin; tarsal claws di-
varicate. The color is dull, usualiy black marked with gray, and
the beetles are found on the trunks or limbs of trees. Of the 13
genera composing the tribe, eight are known to be represented in
the State, while another probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ACANTHODERINI.
a. Basal joint of antenn club-shaped; thorax with dorsal tubercles and
large acute spine near the middle of each side.
LVI. ACANTHODERES.
aa. Basal joint of antenne cylindrical; spine on side of thorax, if present,
behind the middle.
b. Females without elongated ovipositor.
ce. Thorax feebly tuberculate or angulate at the sides a little behind
the middle; mesosternum broad. LVI. LEPTOSTYLUS.
ec. Thorax distinctly angulate, or more frequently with an acute tu-
bercle or short spine behind the middle; mesosternum triangular
or narrow.
d. Antenne without traces of fringed hairs beneath; first joint of
hind tarsi as long as the next two.
e. Form somewhat flattened; prosternum narrow but not linear;
body without erect hairs. LVIII. Lropts.
ec, Form cylindrical; prosternum linear; elytra with erect hairs.
LIX. DeEcrTEs.
dd. Antenne distinctly fringed beneath with hairs; first joint of hind
tarsi as long as the next three.
f. Elytra without a carina on each side. usually with transver-e
angulated markings. LX. LEpPTURGES.
ff. Elytra each with a distinct carina on the side, their surface
marked with numerous small black spots.
LUNI. HyYperpratys.
bb. Females with elongated ovipositor.
gq. Body above with erect hairs mixed with the pubescence.
h. Antenne not much Jonger than the body and without fringed
hairs beneath except feebly on the first joint; mesosternum
broad. LNIL. GRAPHISURUS.
1070 FCM TY TAS" et se asec
hh. Antennse of male twice as long as body und very slender, with
fringed hairs beneath; mesosternum harrow.
LXIII. C&rATOGRAPHIS.
gg. Body above pubescent without intermixed erect hairs; antennze
very lung, with at least joints 3 and 4 densely fringed with short
hairs beneath. ACANTHOCINUS,
LVI. Acaxwrnoprres Serv. 1835. (Gr., “spine + neck.’’)
Medium-sized rather robust and somewhat flattened species, hav-
ing the antennxe not or very slightly longer than hody, the first
joint shaped like an Indian club; thorax tuberculate above and on
sides; femora much swollen towards the tips. The front tarsi of
male are broader than in female and fringed at the sides with rather
long hair. Two of the five known species have been taken in the
State, while a third may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACANTHODERES.
a. Klytra each with a rather broad, oblique crossbar of white in front of
middle and with a feeble costa on middle third near suture.
1977. QUADRIGIBEUS.
aa. Vlytra without distinct whitish crossbar or costa, but each with an in-
distinct M-shaped black mark behind the middle.
), Tiase of elytra with an oblong, obtuse raised space at middle; smaller,
11-12 mm. 1978. DECIPIENS.
bb. Vase of elytra regularly convex without raised space; larger, 20 mm.
MORRISII.
1917 (6404). ACANTHODERES QUADRIGIBBUS Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. ITist.. I,
1835, 195; ibid. II, 665.
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark lrown,
rather thickly clothed with yellowish-brown pros-
trate pubescence; elytra each with a large undu-
Jated white crossbar near middle and a row of small
alternate brown and white spots along the suture;
antenne annulate with gray. Thorax wider than
long; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather fine-
ly, deeply and sparsely punctured. Elytra each with
: two elevations near base. Length 10-13 mm, (Fig.
Fig, $59. (After Smith in ith 459.)
p. U.S. Ent. ay) Wares : :
BE comn Clark and Posey counties; saree. July
7 ~ Dy) ryy ave. Dikee oe .
d-~July 22. The larve live in oak, hickory, beech and hackherry.
TITS (6406). ACANTITODERES DECIPIENS Hald., Trans. Amer. I’hil. Soc, X
1847, 45.
More slender than the preceding. Dark brown, densely clothed with
short, prostrate, yellowish and gray pubescence in about equal proportions,
the gray on elytra in three obscure, oblique, subparallel bunds. Thorax
)-BORING BEETLES. 1071
and elytra each with punctures and elevations as in quadrigibbus, from
which it is separated mainly by characters given in key. Length 10-
13 mm.
Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. July 2-July 5. Occurs
on the trunks of white oak trees.
A. morrisii Uhler is known from Missouri, Pennsylvania and
Canada.
LVII. Leprostynus Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘‘slender + point.’’)
Oblong, rather robust species, closely related to the next, but
differing hy having a very obtuse tubercle on the side of thorax a
little behind the middle; prosternum broad and channeled; meso-
sternum broader than long, more or less emarginate at tip and
slightly dilated behind the coxew; antenna less slender and shorter
than in Liopus, the outer joints becoming rapidly shorter than the
third and fourth; first joint of hind tarsi not longer, if as long, as
the next two. Four species have een taken in Indiana, while three
others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTOSTYLUS.
a. Elytra without small elevations bearing short black scale-like hairs.
b. Blytra slightly truncate at tip; prosternum as wide between the
coxse as the width of a coxal cavity. 1979. MACULA.
bb. Tips of elytra separately rounded; prosternum narrower than a
coxal cavity; thorax rather densely punctured on flanks as well
as disk. COLLARIS.
aa. Blytra with small tubercular elevations, each bearing on its summit
short, black, scale-like hairs.
ec. Thorax densely punctured; elytra with densely placed coarse, deep
punctures. 1OSO. SEXGUTTATUS.
ec, Thorax not densely punctured; elytral punctures not closely placed,
often inconspicuous or concealed; legs not hairy.
d. Surface of thorax even, not tuberculate, regularly punctured.
e. Elytra very indistinctly punctured, especially at apex, the disk
with an angulate white band behind the middle, the tips feebly
and obliquely truncate. BIUSTUS.
ce, Elytra distinctly punctured over the entire surface, the tips
slightly prolonged, not obliquely truncate. 1981. PARVUS.
dd. Surface of thorax more or less tuberculate, the punctures irregu-
larly placed and rugose.
f. Antenne in both sexes longer than body; elytra feebly or not
roughened with acute tubercles. PLANIDORSUS.
ff. Antenne scarcely longer than hedy, even in male, the third joint
distinetly longer than fourth; elytra with acute tubercles or
ridges. 1982. ACULIFERUS.
[68—23402]
1072 3 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCID.Y.
1979 (6423). LeprostyLUS MACULA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
IS26, 26S; ibid. IT, 327.
Oblong, convex, robust.. Brownish; thorax with whitish pubescence
forming a broad stripe each side, banded within by a narrow blackish stripe
which is formed by a row of elongate bare tubercles; the central area
brownish. Elytra each with a broad, irregular white blotch behind the mid-
dle and with six lines of minute black spots. Thorax deeply and densely,
elytra more sparsely punctate. Length 4-9 nm.
Southern half of State; scarce. May 27-June 24. Taken from
beneath walnut bark and beaten from oak. Breeds in beech, hick-
ory, black walnut and butternut.
DL. collaris Wald., dull elay-vellow, elvtra sprinkled with minute
black spots and irregular patches of dark and gray, length 10 mm.,
is known from Kentucky eastward and southward.
1980 (6420). LEPTOSTYLUS SEXGUTTATUS Say.
Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
VY. S26, 269; ibid. IT, 528,
Hlongate-oblong, robust. Brownish, irregu-
larly mottled with grayish pubescence; ely-
tra with an elongate dark spot behind base,
another behind middle, sometimes becoming
a bar, and a third near apex; antenne and
tibia annulate. Thorax finely, densely and
deeply punctured, the disk with five small,
blunt, rounded elevations. Elytra each with
two or three finely elevated coste. ench af
which, together with suture, bears a row of
distantly placed black points. Length 7-
10 mm. (Vig. 460.)
~1
Kesciusko County; rare. June
Said to breed in pine. Listed as com- .
mirtus Hald., but Say’s name has PVi- Fig. 460. (After Smith in Fifth Rep. U.
ority. 8. Ent. Comm.
L. biustus Lee., elongate, narrow, dull brownish-yellow, sides ct
thorax and clytia to middle black, length 4-6 mm., is known from
New York, Illinois and southward.
e
1981 (6417). Leprosrynes paryvs Lee., New Spec. N. Am. Col, II, 1873
234.
Blongate-oblong, moderately robust. Brownish, clothed with very fine,
dense, dark gray pubescence ; elytra with an acutely angulate, oblique white
band behind the middle; antenne and tibiv annulate. Disk of thorax with-
out tubercles, but often with four or five minute flat facets, FElytra with
an obliqwe impression in front of middle and exeh with four irregular, some
what broken cost, each of these With a row of small tubercles bearing
short, ereet black seales, Length 4 6 in.
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1073
. Lawrence County: rare. June 5. Beaten from limbs of dead
oak. Ranzcs from Canada and Pennsylvania to Kansas and Texas.
L. planidorsus Lee.. densely clothed with gray hairs. elytra with
interrupted dark crossbar, length © mm., is known from Michigan,
Louisiana and Texas.
1S2 (6411). Leprosrynrs actLirrrts Say. Journ. Amer. Phil. Sec.. III.
1$2s, 52h: ibid. UI. 1s6.
Elongate-oblong, robust. Blackish-brown, densely
clothed with short. prostrate. zrayish pubescence: elytra
with a whitish band behind the middle, this bread at su-
ture. narrowing toward the sides. and edged with a black
line behind which the surface is fuscous or smoky brown;
joiuts of basal half of antennz spotted. those of apical
half. annulate at tips with brown. Disk «of thorax with
five blunt tubercles. Male with hind trochanters ending in a short. acute
spine. Length 7.5-10 mm. (Fig. 461.)
Southern half of statc. frequent: probably throughout. April
22-September 20. Breeds in a variety of trees. especially sveamore,
oak, apple and osave orange. The larve mine under the bark and
are usually found in diseased or recently cut trees.
Fig. 161. 1).
LVI. Lieprs Serv. 1835. (Gr.. *‘smooth - foot:’’)
Species usually smailer than those of Ze plosfylus and differing
by having an acute spine behind the middle on each side of thorax:
presternum usually narrow: mescsternum gradually narrowed be-
hind, truncate at tip and not dilated; antenne always longer than
hody, joints 5 to 11. very nearly equal in leneth. Five species are
known from the Stzte.
KEY Tv INDIANA SPRECTES OF LIOPT Ss,
a. Front flat. mouth in the same plane as the frent; elytra without an
angmlar mark |lehind the middle; sides of thorax curved. the spine
small and acute. 19S. VARIEGATUS.
aa. Front convex. mouth slightly retracted; spine on side of thorax rather
distant from base.
b. Elstra with distinct tufts of small. black. erect scales.
e Form rebust; pubescence pale ash-gray~ elytra with one broadly
angulated band. 1984. CRASSULTS.
ce. Form slender: pubescence brown; elytra with ene band forming
a broad angle, and a second less distinct band behind it.
19S5. FASCICTLARIS.
bb. Elytra without tufts of erect scales.
d. Elytra with an acutely angular blackish band behind the middle.
TSG, ALPRLA.
dd. Elstra without an angular band but often with a feebly marked
transverse band of whitish pubescence. 1987. PUNcTATvs.
1074 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCIDA,
1983 (6424). Liopus vaRIEGATUS Hald., Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1847, 47.
Elongate, rather robust. Purplish-brown, mottled with black, clothed
with very fine and short pubescence. Elytra with numerous small, irregu-
lar black spots, and a dark blotch behind the middle, which is bordered
behind by gray; antenne and tibiz annulate with gray. Thorax sparsely
and deeply punctured. Wlytra each with two coste, which unite near apex;
coarsely and rather densely punctured, more sparsely and finely on apical
third. Length 8-12 mm.
Marshall, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 15—July 2.
Breeds under bark of the box-elder (Negundo aceroidcs Meen.), and
the honey locust.
1984 (6426). Liopus crassutus Lec. N. Sp. N. A. Coleop., II, 1873, 235.
Elongate, convex, robust. Piceous brown, clothed with short, gray
pubescence; elytra with the suture, three slightly: elevated lines and mar-
gin each bearing a row of sparsely placed black tufts of hairs; humeral
angles black, polished; a large bare blackish space each side in front of
middle and a curved, bare, black band behind middle. Antennz one-half
longer than body, annulate, first, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, feebly punctulate. Elytra rather coarsely
punctured, tips obliquely truncate. Length 6-7 mm.
Floyd County; rare. June 23. Breeds in the twigs of hack-
berry.
1985 (6428). Lropus FASCICULARIS Harr., Trans. Hartf. Soc. Nat. Hist., I,
1836, 88.
Elongate, rather slender. Pale brown; disk of thorax with an oval
spot near base and two obliquely placed ones near apex, dark brown. Ely-
‘tra with a black spot near scutellum, a much larger one on sides behind
the humerus and with a number of small black ones scattered irregularly :
also with an angulated black band, bordered widely in front by gray pubes-
cence, just behind the middle; back of this a second rather indistinct black
band usually visible, the pubescence between this and apex brown. Thorax
very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra each with three slightly elevated
lines, the inner and outer uniting before the apex: surface rather coarsely
and closely punctured. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; not noted north of Wells and
Vermillion counties. May 19—J uly 8. Breeds in prickly ash,
1986 (6429). Liopus acpHa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, 1826, 270;
ibid. IT, 829.
Elongate, slender. Usually dull reddish-brown, rather sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence ; elytra usually with four rows of small black dots
and with an acute, angular black band behind the middle. Thorax with
three small blackish spots; finely and densely punetured. Elytra rather
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1075
finely punctured, the apical third almost without punctures; or often coarse-
ly, with apical third distinctly, punctured (var. cinereus Lec.). Length
5-7 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the northern coun-
ties. May 12-July 8. Breeds in apple, hickory and locust. This
species and the preceding are very closely related. Say in his origi-
nal description of alpha says: ‘‘Elytra irregularly punctured with
a few black dots consisting of tufts of hairs, chiefly along the su-
ture; region of the seutel dusky; a blackish marginal abbreviated
line from the humerus;’’ all of which is true of fascicularis as above
deseribed.
1987 (6431). Liopus puncratus Hild., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1847, 49.
Smaller than alpha and distinguished chiefly by the absence of the an-
gular black line of the elytra, which is replaced by an obscure transverse
band of gray. The black dots are also fewer in number and smaller. Length
4-5 mm.
Throughout the State; rather frequent in the northern counties.
June 5--August 9.
LIX. Decres Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘‘given to biting.’’)
. To this genus belongs a single species ranging from New Eng-
land to New Mexico and Colorado.
1988 (6483). Dercres spinosts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
271; ibid. II, 330.
Hlongate. cylindrical. Piceous, densely clothed throughout with short,
prostrate, ash-gray hairs; antenne longer than body, the joints black at
tips. Thorax with an acute spine each side near base; surface finely and
rather closely punctate. Elytra finely and rather sparsely punctate, each
puncture bearing a short, suberect, blackish hair, these plainly visible only
when viewed from the side. Female with a short, black, exserted ovipositor.
Length 8-10 mm. ;
Warren, Marion, Vigo and Posey counties. frequent; probably
throughout the State. June 10-July 28. Breeds in the greater
horseweed and common ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. and A. arte-
misiefolia L.. in the stems of which the larve hibernate. On the
horseweed the beetle is usually to be found resting in the angles be-
tween the leaves and stem.
LX. Leprurces Bates. 1863. (Gr., ‘‘slender + to make.’’)
Small somewhat flattened species, having the sides of thorax
angulate near or close to the base: antenne fringed beneath with
1076 FAMILY LIt.—CERAMBYCIDAS.
very short hair; pro- and mesosterna both very narrow, barely wide
enough to separate the coxe ; hind tarsi with first joint as long as
all the others united. Five of the six recognized species have been
taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTURGES.
a. Spine on side of thorax rather broad and very close to the base.
1989. SYMMETRICUS.
ad. Spine on side of thorax more slender and acute, less close to pase, the
tip recurved.
b. Elytra with a black crossbar behind the middle.
c. Crossbar of elytra incomplete, broadly interrupted by the suture.
1990. SIGNATUS.
ce. Crossbar of elytra complete, broad.
d. Apex of elytra not black: crossbar oblique on each elytron.
1991. QUERCI.
dd. Apex of elytra black; crossbar transverse. 1992. FACETUS.
bb. Blytra without a crossbar, but each with six round black spots; tho-
rax with four spots. 1993. REGULARIS.
1989 (6455). LeprurGes SYMMETRICUS Hald.,. Trans. Amer. Phil.
Sov. X, 1847, 50. :
Blongate, slender, subdepressed, Pale brown, rather densely
clothed with purplish-gray pubescence ; thorax usually with four
rounded dark brown gpots. Elytra marked with darker, as
shown in Fig. 462. Antennz one-third longer than body, basal
joint dark brown. Thorax and elytra sparsely and rather finely
punctate. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 462.)
Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. July 2—August
13. Oceurs on foliage of wahoo (Huonynus) and other
shrubs. The form as above described is that of var.
nan aon piclits Lec. The markings there given vary in both di-
(After Hom.) Tections, so that specimens may he nearly dark brown or
cutirely pale.
1990 (6436). Tasprurcres sienarus Lee. Journ, Phil Acad. Nat. Sci. ae
TS52. 07,
Elengate, rather slender. Tale reddish- or fuscous-brown, sparsely
clothed with grayish pubescence; elytra cach marked with darker brown
as shown in Fig. 463. a. Thorax finely and densely punetured. Elytra
rather coarsely and spirsely punctured on basal half, more finely toward
tips. Length 6-6.5 min.
Marion County; rare. July 7,
Oceurs on sumach. Ranges
through the Eastern United States,
THE LONG-HORNED WUUv-BORING BEETLEs. 1007
1991 (G47). LirTcorces quercr Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soe. 1858,
TO:
Elongate-oblong. subdepressed. Head and thorax
very dark brown, the latter often with a narrow dis-
cal line of gray pubescence and a broad one on the
sides: elytra pale purplish-Lrown, marked with dark
brown as shown in Fig. 463. b. Antenme more than
twice as long as body. Thorax densely and finely, ely-
tra rather coarsely and sparsely. punctured. Length
3.5-6 mm. (Fig. 463b.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 3- &7
July 8. Taken from flowers of wild hydrangea ae 4 es
and eaten from elm and oak. Breeds in oak, © of L- facelus. (After Horn.)
hickory and butternut.
1992 (438). LepruRGES FACETUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1826.
: 271: ibid. IT. 329.
Elongate-oblong. Black; elytra each with a broad, oblique, L-shaped
whitish mark extending from humerus inward to suture, thence outward
nearly to side margin, and a whitish bar on apical fourth. Antenne and
tarsi dark brown. the former more thiut twice the length of body. Thorax
finely and densely, elytra more coarsely and sparsely. punctured. Length
3+mm. (Fig. 463, c.)
Kosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. -Tune 20-—June 25. Oc-
curs on trunks cf beech. cedar and hickory, in the wood of which the
larve dwell.
1992 (64591. LeprcurGes REGULARIS Lec.. Proce. Phil. Acad.
Nat: Sél, TSh2, 39,
Elongate. slender. Dark lrown, densely clothed with
purplish-gray pubescence; thorax with four rounded dark
brown spots, two near apex and two near base; elytra
each with six similar spots arranged in two oblique rows,
the outer row of four spots extending from humerus tu
near apex. the inner row of two spots on basal third; an-
tenne, under surface and femcra reddish-brown; tibiie
and tarsi black. Thorax and elytra both coarsely and
rather sparsely punctured. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 404.)
ee Feuntain and Marion counties: scarce. June
Fig. 464. (After Hom.) 14 June 17. Occurs on the foliage of wild grape.
LNI. Hyprerritatrys Hald. Is4°> (Sr, ‘over + broad.*’)
This genus differs from Lepturges by having the elytra more
flattened on the disk. sides abruptly slopin¢ downward and sepa-
rated from disk by an acute ridee or carina, tips cach obliquely
emarginate, the outer angle more or less spiniform; antenna more
1078 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCIDA.
distinctly fringed beneath; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the
three following united. Two of the three recognized species have
been taken in the State.
1994 (6440). HyprrpLatrys aspersus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT,
1824, 830; ibid. II, 187.
Elongate, slender. NReddish-brown, densely clothed with grayish pubes-
cence; thorax with four small, round, black spots arranged in a transverse
row, the two inner ones the larger; elytra each with three irregular rows
of similar spots and usually a large black blotch behind the middle. An-
tenn of both sexes more than twice as long as body. Thorax wider than
long, constricted near base, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra twice as
long as wide at base, more coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 4-6 mm.
Posey County; scarce. June 28. Breeds in the twigs of cotton-
wood and quaking asp (Populus) ; also in those of apple.
1995 (6441). HyPERPLAtyYs MAcULATUS Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X,
1847, 49.
Resembles the preceding closely. Elytra more sparsely pubescent, the
spots much larger and more irregularly arranged, the blotch behind the mid-
dle absent; femora red at base. Antenne of male about twice as long as
body; of female shorter. Elytra net twice as long as wide, much more dis-
tinctly punctate. Length 4-6 mm.
Kosciusko, Wells, Perry, Spencer and Posey counties; scarce.
May 12-June 17. Beaten from foliage of shrubs.
LAT. Grapuisurus Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘a pencil + tail.’’)
Here belong two rather robust
clongate species, listed under the
name Urographis Horn, and having
the antennw nearly equal in the Sexes,
joints 3-11 gradually decreasing in
length; prosternum of moderate
width, with a median groove; elytra
emarginate at tip; thorax with a
blunt tubercle at the sides a little be-
hind the middle. The ovipositor is
much prolonged and the fifth ventral
scement is also nearly equally pro-
longed to orm a shield on its under
side. One of the two has heen taken
Fig. 465. Graphisurus triangulifer Hald. (After in the State and the other, friangqu-
Smith in Fifth Rep. U.S. Ent.Comm.) — Lifer Hal. (Fig. 465), a member of
the Austroriparian fauna, probably
oceurs in the southern third,
THE LONG-ILORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1079
KEY TO SPECIES OF GRAPHISURUS.
uw. Prolonged fifth ventral of female emarginate at tip; tarsi equal in width
in both sexes; pubescence of upper surface mostly clay-yellow ; length
13 mm. TRIANGULIFER.
aa. Wifth ventral of female deeply cleft at tip; front and middle tarsi of
male broader than in female; pubescence of upper surface chiefly
grayish. 1996. FASCIATUS.
1996 (6443). GRAPHISURUS FrascIATUS DeG., Mem.,
V, 1775, 114.
Elongate, rather slender. Thorax grayish
with black dots; elytra thickly sprinkled with
small black spots, and usually with two irregu-
lar blotches, one in front of, the other behind
the middle; antenne and legs annulate. Thorax
finely and indistinctly, elytra rather coarsely and
sparsely, punctured. Length 8-14 mm. (Fig.
466.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May
1l-July 22. Found especially beneath
bark of beech and hickory ; numerous pupe
under the former on June 9; also breeds in
oak and maple.
LXIIT. = Cersrocrapuis Gahan. 1888. 4, a0, chites sity ay TH
(Gr., ‘horn + pencil.’’) Hep le Rabe on)
This genus, sufficiently characterized in the generic key, is rep-
resented in the eastern United States, including Indiana, by a single
species.
1997 (6444). CxrRATOGRAPHIS BIGUTTATUS Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1852, 172
Elongate, slender, slightly depressed. Dull brownish-yellow, rather dense-
ly clothed with brownish pubescence; elytra indistinctly mottled with gray-
ish, each with an oblique black band behind the middle and a short, ele-
vated blackish line on base. Thorax rather finely 4nd densely punctured,
with a sharp, obliquely placed spine each side behind the middle. Elytra
rather coarsely, deeply and somewhat closely punctate, tips rounded. Ovi-
positor of female one-half the length of abe preceding species; all the fe-
mora clavate. Length 9 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 23. A species of northern range.
Acanthocinus obsoletus Oliv., dull whitish-yellow, elytra with
some small blotches and three andulated cross-bars, length 10-15
mm., is known from Wisconsin and Ohio, eastward and southward.
1080 FAMILY LUH.—CERAMBYCID.E.
Tribe V2. POGONOCILERINI.
The venera comprising this tribe are represented by small, some-
what flattened spevies. having the tarsal claws divaricate: scrape of
antennx short and steut without cicatrix: thorax with a spine or
tubercle each side. They usualiy hear lone, ereet (flying: hairs in
addition to the ordinary pubescence, and the antennz are only a
little longer or shorter than the body, the outer joints gradually
shorter. Three of the eight venera composing the tribe are known
to be represented in the State. while a member of another probably
occurs.
KEY TO TIE INDIANA GLUNERA OF POUONOCHERINIL
a. Thighs club-shaped; vertex concave: antennal tubercles prominent.
b. Lower lobe of eves elougate; spines on sides of thorax large. median:
pubescence mottled. gray and black mixed with short. scattered
hairs on elytra. Hopwosta.
bb. Lower lobe of eyes as wide as long, subquadrate or subtriangular.
¢. Thorax with spines on sides: flying hairs long.
LNIV. PoooNoc HERLs.
cc, Thorax with feebly rounded sides: pubescence short.
LXV. Ecyrts.
aa. Thighs not club-shaped; vertex flat or convex: antennal tubercles not
prominent; eyes coarsely granulated, lower lobe as wide as long.
LNVI. Etpocontts.
Hoplosia nubila Lee., length 9-12 mm.. is said to breed in twigs
of dry beech and linden and is recorded from Michigan, Illinois
and New York.
LXIV Pocgonecuerts Latr. 1829. (Gr. “heard — to enjoy.’’)
In this, as well as the next genus. the eves are not coarsely
granulate: thorax with faint dorsal tubercles, elytra feebly carinate
on sides: femora club-shaped: hind tarsi short, the first and second
joints equal. Two species may oceur in the State. though but one
has heen taken. :
KEY To INDIANA SPECIES OF POGONOCHERUS.
a. Elytra with well marked coxt:e on the sides and with a rew of five or
six tufts of erect black hairs. PENICIELATUS,
aa. Elytra without coste or tufts of hairs. TNS, MIXTUs.
Po openicillatus Lee. piecons, elytra behind the base densely
lothed with eray pubescence, leneth 6 mm., ranges from Maine to
Michivan and Lake Superior.
TITE LONG-ITORNED W0OOD-BORING BEETLES. 1081
1998 (6453). PoconocuEerus mixrus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, X,
1847, 50.
Elongate-oblong. Ilead and thorax piceous black; elytra blackish,
variegated with dull brownish-yellow, bearing sparse. erect black hairs,
and each with a broad, oblique band of white pubescence extending from
side behind the humerus nearly to suture; antenne and base of femora dull
reddish-brown. Thorax with two dorsal tubercles; surface smooth in fe-
male, densely and finely punctured in male. Elytra rather coarsely and
closely punctate, the tips subemarginate. Length 4-7 mm. E
Lake, Porter and Kosciusko counties; frequent beneath the bark
and on the dead limbs of pine. June 15—July 23. Said to occur
also on pear trees and in dead branches of willow.
LXV. Ecyrus LeConte. 1852.
This genus differs from the preceding hy having the antenne
very hairy; front tibia suddenly thickened at apex; thorax cylin-
drical and unarmed; pubescenee of elytra more dense and close with
a few erect short hairs proceeding from rows of granules. Three
species are known, two cf which may occur in Indiana, though but
one has as yet been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ECYRUS.
a. Thorax moderately punctured; elytra each with four rows of small, dis-
tant tufts of black hairs. 1999. DASYCERUS.
aa. Thorax with only a few course punctures on sides; elytra variegated
with brownish spots. EXIGUUS.
1999 (6456). Ecyrts pasycerts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
270; ibid. II, 825.
Elongate, robust, parallel. Pale grayish-brown; elytra with a common,
narrow, curved band on basal third reaching to middle of sides and each
with four rows of minute tufts of blackish hairs, one on the suture, the
others on slightly raised lines. .Antenn:e a little longer than body, annulate.
Occiput deeply impressed. Front margin of thorax with two small tuber-
cles at middle; disk with two black facets, surface rather closely and finely
punctured. Elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured, the tips subtruneate.
Length 6-8 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 1I-July 2. Beaten from
foliage of elm and wild grape and from linbs of dead oak.
E. eriguus Lee., antenne dull vellow, not annulate, length 4.5
mm., is known from Ohio, Georgia and Kansas.
1082 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCIDA.
LXVI. Evrocontus Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘Swell + bearded.’’)
Eyes very coarscly granulated; antenne not longer than body,
thickly clothed with long flying hairs, scape feebly club-shaped,
shorter than third joint, joints 5-10 equal; thorax densely punc-
tured without dorsal tubercles, armed on the side with a small
spine; legs short, equal; first joint of hind tarsi a little longer than
second. Four species are known, all of which may oecur in Indi-
ana, though but one has been taken.
KEY TO SPECIES OF EUPOGONIUS.
a. Spine on side of thorax acute, well marked.
b. Blytra pale chestnut brown, the punctuation feeble, almost obsolete
near apex; pubescence ash-gray or yellowish, forming more or less
transverse reticulations. TOMENTOSUS.
bb. Elytra piceous, the punctuation coarse, gradually finer but distinct
at tip; pubescence pale clay-yellow arranged in irregular small
patches. : 2000. VESTITUS.
aa. Spine on side of thorax small, obtuse.
e. Blytra nearly black, punctuation rather coarse, finer but distinct at
apex, the pubescence ash-gray, fine and very evenly disposed; tho-
rax sparsely and evenly pubescent. PUBESCENS.
ce. Elytra black, coarsely punctured even to the apex, the pubescence
black and inconspicuous; thorax with a broad line of yellowish
pubescence each side. SUBARMATUS.
E. tomentosus Hald., length 7-S mm., occurs on pine and is
known from Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Florida; E.
pubescens Lec., length 7-8 mm., is recorded from Ohio and northern
Mlinois; LE. subarmatus Lee., length 7-8 nim., breeds in elm and oe-
curs throughout the eastern United States.
2000 (6459). LEtpoconrius vestiTus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sek; Ws
1824, 273; ibid. IL, 331.
Hlongate, convex, parallel. Piceous brown, everywhere sparsely clothed
with erect hairs; elytra marked with numerous small, irregular patches of
clay-yellow pubescence, these sometimes (form pauper) becoming narrow
transverse lines. Thorax densely, deeply and rather coarsely punctured.
Elytra rounded at tips. Length 6-S mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 21-June 25. Beaten
from foliage of oak, beech and wild grape; said to breed in dead
hiekory limbs.
TILE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1083
Tribe VI. ONCIDERINI.
Front coxal cavities anywated on the outer side
and closed behind; antenne longer than body in
male, as long as body in female, the scape stout,
without cicatrix; legs rather stout, equal; claws
slightly divergent. One genus of the tribe is rep-
resented in New York, Pennsylvania, Louisiana,
Texas and probably southern Indiana by the ‘‘hick-
ory girdler,’’ Oncideres cingulata Say, length 14
17 mm., smoky or reddish-brown to clay-vellow in
hue, with the ptbescence usually forming a broad
median band on elytra, thorax with or without a t
spine on sides, the disk usually with three small , fig $. Onetlera cu
. dy le; b,
black facets. The female beetle deposits her eggs in he ma a dept
twigs of trees and then cuts a girdle about the twig mle. (After Riley.
below the eves. (Fig. 457.) The twig dies and is broken off by the
wind, falling to the ground where the larva mature. The beetle oc-
curs in August and September and not only girdles the young twigs
of hickory, but also these of pear, apple. plum, elm, linden, and
other trees. ;
Tribe VII. HIPPOPSINI.
Body very slender; front long and inflexed so-that the mouth is
near the prosternwm; palpi not slender, the last jomt almost conical
and pointed; eyes coarsely granulated; front coxe annulated; legs
rather short, equal; tarsi as long as the tibiae, first joint of hind
pair slightly elongated, last joint rather long, claws divergent. One
of the four genera is represented in the State.
LNVII. Hieropsis Serv. 1825. (Gr., “‘horse + face.’’)
This genus, sufficiently characterized above, 1s represented in the
eastern United States by a single species.
2001 (6472). HIpPpopsis LEMNISCATA Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 330.
Elongate, very slender, cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown; thorax with
two whitish lines each side; elytra each with three whitish lines; antenne
pale brown, darker at base, more than twice as long as body, fringed with
hairs beneath. Thorax much longer than wide, cylindrical. rather coarsely
and densely punctured. Elytra with coarse, deep punctures arranged in
rows, the tips rather acute. Length 10-13 mm.
Marion, Vigo and Orange counties; scarce. May 28—June 7.
Breeds in stems of ragweed (Ambrosia) ; also in those of tickweed
1084 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCID-.®.
and bur-marigold (Coreopsis and Bidens), Taken by sweeping
these plants.
Tribe VIIT. SAPERDINI.
Large or medium-sized, ¢ylindrical spcvies having the front flat,
quadrate and vertical; eyes finely granulated, deeply emarginate;
paipi rather stout, last joint more or less
oval, truneate at tip; antennew as long as
body or a little shorter, scape nearly cyl-
indrical, without cicatrix; thorax cylindri-
eal, without spines or tubercles; elytra
wider than thorax, rounded (rarely spinose
or acuminate) at tip; legs moderate, thighs
not club shaped; hind tarsi with first joint
much elongated; tarsal claws divaricate. All
of our species belong to the single genus:
LXVIIL. Ssperpa Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘a
kind of fish.’’)
To this ‘genus, as characterized above,
15 North American species have been
Fig 468. Sazerda oblique Say. (Atte A8Cribed hy Messrs. Felt and Joutel,* of
Smith in Fifth Rep U.S. Ent Comm) which eight have been taken in Indiana,
while six others may occur. Among them
are beetles of much economic importance, several being very in-
jurious to apple trees, while others prey upon the elm, hickory, lin-
den and poplar. :
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SAPERDA.
a. Antenne plainly annulate.
b. Head deeply impressed between the eyes.
ce, Elytra obliquely narrewed, ending in a spine at tip; color yellow-
ish-brown with four oblique darker bauds. (Fig. 468.)
OBLIQUA.
ec. Elytra slightly narrowed at {ip and without a spine; thorax with
three orange yellow lines. S002. DEC TICA,
bb. Tead rounded in front.
d. Thorax with a dense line of gray pubescence each side; black,
coarsely punctured, thinly clothed with fine ash-gray pubescence.
MCESTA.
dd. Thorax with pubescence uniform, black, more finely punetured,
densely clothed throughout with gray pubescence.
2008. CONCOLOR.
aa, Antenne unicolored, not annulate.
Their monograph is a model of its kind, giving full deseription, life history and colored figure of each
species and its markings, :
THE LONG-NORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES, 1085
¢c, Elytra rounded at tip with spine at suture, very rarely with the apex
acute and without sutural spine; gray with yellow patches..
2004. CALCARATA.
ee. Elytra rounded at tip without spine at suture.
f. Elytra with marginal or submarginal stripes.
g. Thorax and elytra not black.
h. Pubescence silvery white; thorax and elytra brown or yellow-
ish-brown with two white stripes. (Fig. 470.) CANDIDA.
hh. Pubescence ash-gray.
i. Thorax yellow with four black spots on disk and one on each
side; elytra with broad marginal and sutural stripes bright
yellow. PUNCTICOLLIS.
it, Thorax and elytra gray, cach with an orange stripe on sides.
j. Second and third crossbands on elytra oblique, a small
dark spot usually on each side of first and one behind
the third. 2005. TRIDENTATA.
jj. First and second crossbands on elytra oblique; small dark
spots wanting. 2006, IMITANS,
gg. Thorax and elytra black, with orange stripes on sides, rarely a
sutural orange stripe present; surface coarsely punctured.
2007. LATERALIS.
ff. Elytra without stripes, usually with spots, rarely unicolored.
hk. Elytra with white pubescent spots; thorax with two white
stripes; sides and under surface white.
i. Humeri of elytra not white; two large white spots on each ely-
tron, reaching neither margin or suture. (Fig. 472.)
CRETATA,
i. Humeri white; two white spots near the suture on each ely-
tron. FAYL
kk. Elytra without white pubescent spots.
m. Cinnamon or reddish-brown, sometimes nearly black; male
smaller, 10 mm., with elytra unicolored; female, larger,
15 mm., with a trausverse undulated yellowish crossbar at
middle. 2008. DISCOIDEA.
nem. Olive yellow, with three small black dots near middle of each
elytron, these sometimes wanting. 2009. VESTITA.
SN. obliqua Say (Fig. 468), length 16--19 inm., is known from New
England to Michigan and Wisconsin. It is found on black alder
(Alnus serrulata Willd.) in June and very probably occurs in north-
ern Indiana. WN. mvesta Lee., length S—9 mm., breeds in poplars and
is known from New England, Northern Ohio, Michigan and west-
ward.
2002 (6479). Sarerpa metica Say, Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. TIT, 1824,
A409; ibid. IT, 191.
Blongate, robust. Black, sparsely clothed with gray and yellow pubes-
cence. Thorax with an orange median stripe extending onto the head and
a similar stripe each side; elytra with numerous patches of denser yellow
1086 FAMILY LIl.—CERAMBYCID.
pubescence; antenne shorter than body, annulate with gray and black.
Thorax and elytra rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the punctures
showing as bare round dots. Length 9-15 mm.
Kosciusko and Marshall counties; scarce. June 5-August 17.
Beaten from foliage of black oak. Occurs near lakes and possibly
breeds in willow.
2008 (6489). SApERDA concotor Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1852,
163.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, everywhere densely and evenly
clothed with fine, prostrate, gray pubescence; antennee annulate. Thorax
and elytra rather finely and sparsely punctured, the latter with tips
rounded. Length 10-12 mm.
Lake County; rare. June 16. Breeds in the stems of willow
(Sali longifoliwin Muhl), and in the base of sapling poplars.
Probably oceurs throughout the State.
2004 (C478). SAPERDA CALCARATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., III,
1824, 408; ibid. II, 190.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrieal. Reddish-
brown, densely clothed with prostrate gray and
yellow pubesceice. Front of head, three stripes
on thorax, scutellum and numerous lines and
blotches on elytra, orange yellow. Thorax sparse-
ly, elytra more closely, marked with small,
reund, black, bare dots or punctures. Length
21-30 mm. (Fig. 469.)
Lake, Porter, Marion and Vigo coun-
ties, frequent; probably throughout the
State. May 31-July 16. This beetle,
known as the ‘‘poplar borer,’’ is our largest
member of Saperda. It breeds in ecotton-
wood, quaking ash, lombardy poplar and
other members of Populus, to which it often
does great damage. Three vears are prob-
ably required to complete its life changes.
Where trees are badly infested the most
Fig. 469. (After Smith in Fifth’Rep. i 7
USS Hot Gene eRe. obvious signs are the numerous blackened,
swollen scars aleng the surface of the
trunks and limbs. Sometimes these are open, and in early summer
-large quantities of borings are expelled from the inhabited gal-
levies, and frequently occur in considerable piles about the base of
the trees. It is impossible to attempt to control this insect on other
than valuable shade or park trees, In such situations, digging out
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1087
the borers, with possible recourse to the use of repellant washes, is
about all that can be done and in the majority of
instances should afford considerable protection. In
one specimen from Porter County the tips of elytra
are acute and divaricate.
S. candida Fab. (Fig. 470), length 15-20 mm.,
has the same range as moesia. Its larva is known
as the “‘apple tree borer’’ and is sometimes very
destructive to apple, crab-apple, June berry and Fig. 470. Saperda can-
red-haw. It attacks the tree near the base, and a cae
several thicknesses of newspaper, loosely tied, or a wire netting kept
at a distance of half an inch from the trunk for a height of three
feet above the ground from May till September, will serve as a pro-
tection. A heavy coating of whitewash with Paris green to the
same height will also often prevent the beetle from depositing eggs.
NS. punclicollis Sav. length 9-10 mm., breeds in the poison ivy.
Rhus radicans L., and occurs about the middle of June on that
plant.
2005 (6485). SapERDA TRIDENTATA Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 30.
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Blackish-brown to
piceous, rather densely clothed with fine, gray. prostrate
oN pubescence, that on under surface longer and more con-
a spicuous; thorax with an orange stripe each side extend-
aN ing onto head, where it divides and encircles an eye,
\
usually with-two black dots each side below the stripe;
elytra each with a narrow, submarginal, orange stripe
from which proceed three bands, the first nearly trans-
G verse except at tip. the other two oblique and usually
Fig. 471. x 13 joining those from opposite side at suture. Thorax and
(After Riley.) elytra rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the latter
with tips subtruncate. Length 9-14 mm. (Tig. 471.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 20—July 10. This beetle
is commonly known as the ‘‘elm borer,’’ as the larve are very in-
jurious to the white and slippery elms, especially to the former
when planted as a shade tree. The first sizns of its attack are
usually seen in the lighter, thinner foliage, followed by a dead
limb here and there. Indications of horing soon appear, and the
dark sawdust collects in crevices of the bark, and, after the attack
has progressed for some time. large portions of the hark may be
easily pulled from the tree. The inner portion of the bark may be
literally a mass of mines or burrows, and if the work has not gone
too far, numerous whitish, flattened, legless grubs may be found in
the channels they have excavated.
[6923402]
1088 FAMILY LII.—CERAMBYCIDZ:.
Badly infested trees should he cut and burned before the beetles
have had an opportunity to emerge in the spring or, in Indiana,
before the middle of May. Infestcd portions of other trees should
also be cut away and burned. Removing portions of the bark has
also been recommended. The badiy infested portions should be cut
away and the grubs destroyed and, where a few are working in
living bark, it might be well to remove the upper layers until the
grubs are nearly exposed and then brush over the shaven surface
with strong kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution, finally
covering the wound with a paste formed of a mixture of fresh cow
dung and lime or with a coat of cheap red paint.
2006 (——). Saprerpa ImMITANS Felt & Joutel, Bull. 74. N. ¥. St. Museum,
1904, 58.
Resembles ¢ridentata, jut more slender. General color darker; first
crossbar of elytra oblique without spots on each side; second crossbar
usually not connected with marginal stripe, the tip more pointed and rarely
reaching suture; third crosshar usually rudimentary and transverse. Ely-
tra with humeral angle less pronounced and tips rounded. Length 11-
13 min.
Crawford and Posey counties; scaree. May 12-May 15. Beaten
from foliage of hickory, in the wood of which the larva are sup-
posed to live.
2007 (G4AS6). SAPERDA LATERALIS Fab.. Syst. Ent., 1775. 185.
Elongate, rather robust. Piceous black; pubescence beneath gray and
dense; above blackish-brown, very sparse and intermixed with short semi-
erect black hiirs; thorax and head marked with orange as in tridentata;
elytra each with a submarginal orange stripe connecting with that of tho-
rax at humeral angles and often also with a very narrow sutural stripe
of same hue. Mules with a tooth or process on all the claws. Length 9-
15 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 30-
July 2. Beaten from hickory and elm. Breeds
in the former, but rarely abundant enough to
do much damage.
S. cretala Newm. (Fig. 472), length 12-20
mm., and S. fay’ Bland., length 10-12 mm.,
both breed in the red-haw (Crategus) and
emerge in-Sune. The former ranges from New
i a : England to Michivan, Hlinois and Towa, while
fay is known from Ohio eastward.
THE 1.ONG-HORNED WoOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1089
20OS (G4S4). SaperDA DIScoIDEA Fab.. Ent. Syst. Supp., 179s. 147, female;
fuscipes Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. V, 1827. 273.
male.
Elongate. subcylindrical. Male, ~leuder, usually blackish or piceous:
above sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence. which forms a whitish line
on disk and sides of thorax; that of under side more dense. longer and sil-
very white: femora reddish-brown. tibize and tarsi often darker. Female
more robust. dark reddish-brown. the pubescence olive or grayish-yellow ;
head. thorax and scutellum more densely clothed with yellow hairs: elytra
each with a small spot on basal third. another on apical third and a rather
broad, crescent-shaped bar at middle, composed of dense yelluw hairs; un-
der surface light yellowish-gray. Length. male, 14-11 mm; female. 14
16 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties. scarce: probably
throughout the State. June 6—July 15. The sexes are so unlike in
size and appearance that they were long inistaken for distinct spe-
cies. It breeds in hickory and butternut, usually confining its at-
tacks to diseased or dying trees.
2000 (64881, SaPERDA VESTITA Say. Long’s Exped., 1824.
29; ibid. I, 193.
Elongate, robust. cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown.
everywhere clothed with dense. olive-yellow, prostrate pu-
bescence. Elytra each usually with three small black
dots. two placed obliquely in front of and one. more dis
tant, behind the middle. Length 12-21 mm. (Fig. 473.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 3—-Au-
gust 20. <A large and handsome beetle known as
the “linden borer,’ ws the larva live in the wood = *
of the linden (filia . often proving very destruc- eee oe ene
tive to these set out for shade. Remedies the same Be? © * Ent. Comm.)
as those above given for the ** poplar borer.’”’
Tribe IX. PHYTCECIINI.
Medium-sized cylindrical or rather robust forms, having the
tarsal claws cleft cr toothed in both sexes: front moderately convex,
broader than long: eves finely granulate. emarginate or divided;
palpi slender, last joint elongate-oval. nearly pointed; antenne not
longer than body, seape cylindrical; thorax either cylindrical or
with an obtuse tubercle on sides : elytra cylindrical, rounded or trun-
cate at tips: front coxw conical, cavities angulated, closed behind;
legs short, thighs not club-shaped; hind tarsi with first joint not
elongate, last joint rather long. The tribe is composed of five
wenera, all of which are represented in Indiana.
1090 PAMILY LIE—CERAMBYCID.E.
KEY TO GENERA OF PHYTCCIINI.
a. Eyes deeply emarginate but not divided; thorax cylindrical.
bd. Antennse not pilose; form elongate, slender, cylindrical.
c. Body above nearly uniform gray; tarsal claws feebly toothed or
cleft. LNIX. Mecas.
ce. Body above never uniform gray, usually bicolored, with small black
spots on thorax; tarsal claws broadly toothed. LAA, (GERKA,
bb. Antenne thickly pilose with long black hairs; form shorter, elongate-
oblong. LXXIIIT. AMPHIONYcHA.
ad. Eyes completely divided, the upper and lower portions widely sepa-
rated; thorax dilated or tuberculate on the sides.
d. Form slender; head and thorax red, elytra black; tarsal claws broad-
ly toothed. LXXI. TETROPs.
dd, Form robust; color red with black spots; tar-
sal claws cleft. LXXII. TETRAOPES.
LNIX. Mecas Lee. 1852.
Our members of this genus are slender,
black species, clothed with gray pubescence.
They resemble small Saperdas, but have the
front short and subconvex instead of flat and
quadrate, and the tarsal claws cleft. Their
habits are, moreover, different, as they do not
breed in wood, but in the stems of herbs or
J weeds. One of the five known species has
Fig. 474. Mecas inornata Say. Deen taken in the State, while two others may
(After Smith in Fifth Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm.) occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MECAS.
a. Legs black.
b. Body above uniformly clothed with ash-gray pubescence: thorax
usually with a bare elevation each side of disk; tarsal claws deeply
cleft, the inuer portion broad and lobe-like. INORNATA.
bb. Body above sparsely clothed with ash-gray pubescence ; thorax at
sides and middle, elytra at suture and sides more densely clothed
with yellowish-white pubescence; thorax without bare elevations.
MARGINELUA.
an Legs, or at least the femora, red: thorax with four or tive slightly ele-
vated, bare, road spices. 2010. PRIEGHATA.
MM, thornata Say (Fie, 474), leneth 8-15 mim,, is recorded from
oe Te ee ae i :
Cincinnati, Wiseonsin and westward: 1/. margacla Tee, length
(Sun, is known from TWlinois, Texas and Kansas,
THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1091
2010 (6492). Mecas PERGRATA Say. Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1$24,
40S; ibid. IT, 190.
Elongate, slender. cylindrical. Black, above sparsely clothed with dark
ash-gray hairs: suture and margins of elytra more densely and conspicuous-
ly clothed with whitish pubescence; under surface thickly clothed with pale
gray hairs; femora reddish; antenne annulate. Thorax with two round
black spots placed obliquely on each side of median line and another be-
hind them on the line; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather coarsely
and sparsely punctured. Length S-10 mm.
Knox, Dubois. Spencer and Pesey counties; scarce. May 24-
July 10. Swept from low herbage along roadsides. Resembles
Saperda concolor. but readily distinguished by generie characters,
paler suture and reddish femora.
LXNX. Operea Muls. 1559 (A proper name.)
Very slender elongate species. having the tarsal claws broadly
toothed ; eves not divided; middle tibiz sinuate on outer edge; tho-
rax without tubercles. The femdles have the last ventral segment
impressed lengthwise and feebly emarginate and the last dorsal
(pygidium) sometimes prejecting in an obtuse conical protuber-
ance. Five species and one variety have been taken in the State.
and one or two others probably occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF OBEREA.
a. Thorax marked with small, rounded, black elevations or callosities.
6. Thorax with four callosities; pygidium of female strongly protuber-
ant. 2011. scHAU Mt.
bb. Thorax with two callosities and often a third spot black; pygidium
of female feebly protuberant.
c. Elytra truncate at tips.
d. Color entirely black except the thorax. 2012. BIMACTLATA.
dd. Legs. elytra and abdomen usually in part yellow.
2013. TRIPUN« TATA.
ee. Elytra rounded at tips: abdumen red. elytra black.
2014. OCELLATA.
aa. Thorax without callosities.
©. Elytra vet pubescent; pale dull yellow with a fuscous stripe on sides.
GRACILIS,
ce, Elytra closely clothed with prostrate pubescence; pale red, antenne
and elytra black. 2OI5. RUFICULLIS.
“oq. oG4s0. Operes sciuratsar Lec.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. II. i452,
153.
Elongate, robust for the senus. Color variabie. usually pale. dull yel-
low; elytra, antenne and tarsi often nearly black. Thorax with four round.
black, smooth spots arranged in a curved line; in the darker specimens the
1092 FAMILY L1l.—CERAMBYCID-R.
basal half often black; disk sparsely and rather finely punctate. Elytra
more coarsely and closely punctate, the tips rounded or feebly subtruncate.
Length 11-16 min.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 24-June 23. Breeds in the
living twigs of cottonwood, Populus monilifera Ait. A number of
the specimens in the collection were taken from sidewalks in Terre
Haute and Indianapolis.
2012 (6496). OBEREA BIMACULATA Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 21.
Blongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, shining; thorax
yellow, with two round black spots on disk and often with
a small black one in front of scutellum; the lower portion
of sides also black. Thorax and elytra punctured as in
Fig. 475. Natural ocellata, Length 8-12 mm. (Fig. 475.)
size. (After Forbes.) = Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the
northern counties. June 4June 26. Often taken by sweeping low
herbage along the borders of marshes. Breeds in the canes of rasp-
berries and blackberry. In var. basalis Lec. the thorax has two dis-
cal spots and the entire basal margin black.
2013 (6503). OBEREA TRIPUNCTATA Swed., Ac. Nya Handl., 1787, 197.
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Color exceedingly variable. In typical
tripunctata the body beneath is usually in great part yellow, sometimes
wholly black; head fuscous, rarely yellow; thorax yellow, with two spots
on disk and another in front of scutellum black; elytra each with a wide
discal stripe dull yellow, the suture and margins blackish. Thorax sparsely
and rather shallowly punctured. Elytra coarsely, densely and deeply punc-
tured, the punctures in rows. Length S-16 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 24-June 24. Breeds in
the twigs of cottonwood; also in those of blackberry.
A number of color varieties of this and bimaculata have been
named, and the two species probably merge. Among the varieties
are myops Hald., having the head yellow, the sutural black stripe of
elytra and black spot before seutellum of thorax wanting, and fla-
vtpes Hald., black, with legs yellow and thorax almost wholly black.
2014 (6501). OpeREA ocELLATA Hald., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X, 1847, 56.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Under surface and femora entirely red; head
and thorax usually red, rarely more or less black, the latter with two sinall,
black, rounded spots on disk; elytra, and usually the tibie and tarsi, black.
Head and thorax rather sparsely, deeply and coarsely punctate, the latter
somewhat constricted at base. Elytra with rows of coarse punctures which
are less dense than in allied species. Length 13-14 mm.
Lake and Lawrence counties; rare, June 9-J uly 4. Probably
breeds in blackberry stems, as the two specimens at hand were taken
hy sweeping about a eluster of these bushes.
~3RING BEETLES. 1093
O. gracilis Fab., antenne fuscous, legs pale, tips of tibiae and
tarsi darker, length 10-13 mm., is known from New York, New Jer-
sey and southward.
2015 (6505). OpEeREA RUFICOLLIS Fab., Ent. Syst.. II, 1775, 311.
Elongate. subcylindrical, rather robust. Pale reddish-yellow ; antenne,
elytra, tibie and tarsi nearly black. Thorax short, about as broad as long,
without discal black spots. Elytra rather densely clothed with gray pubes-
cence and with irregular rows of moderately fine oblong punctures; tips
subtruneate. Length 15-18 mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 19. One specimen taken on the wing.
LANTI. Terrors Steph. 1839. (Gr., ‘‘four + eves.’’)
This genus, sufficiently characterized in the key, is represented in
the State by a single species.
2016 (6507). TrETRops MoNostTicMA Uald.. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. X,
AS85757.
Elongate, slender, ¢ylindrical. Black. shining; elytra with black, re-
cumbent and erect hairs; head and thorax red, the latter with black spot
on disk: femora reddish-yellow ; antennal joints paler at base. pilose with
long hairs. Thorax feelly constricted before and behind. sparsely and
rather coarsely punctured. Elytra with rows of rather closely placed.
coarse and deep punctures; tips rounded. Length 7-9 mm.
Dubois and Spencer counties; scarce. May 22-May 24. Taken
by sweeping low herbage along roadsides. The middle trochanters
of male are very strongly developed. 7. juciinda Lee. is doubtless
a synonym, the lees in the specimens at hand varying from wholly
black to almost wholly reddish-yellow.
LNNIL Terraopes Serville. 1835. (Gr., ‘‘four - eves.’’)
Medium-sized, stout-bodied species, having the antenne shorter
than body ; thorax armed with a blunt tubercle each side and, in our
species, marked with four round black spots. They occur altogether
en the different species of milkweed (Asclepias), in the stems and
roots of which they breed. Four of the eight known species have
been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TETRAOPES.
a. Elytra with a common median and apical heart-shaped black space;
disk of thorax red. regularly convex. 2017. CANTERIATOR.
aa. Elytra with rounded or elongate black spots: disk of thorax distinctly
elevated.
p. Antenne black, net annulate; abdomen very sparsely punctulate;
larger median spot of elytra oblong. 2018. TETRAOPHTHALMUS,
1094 FAMILY LI.—CERAMBYCIDA.
bd. Antennze more or less distinctly annulate; abdomen densely but very
finely punctulate.
c. Median elevation of thorax oblong, suddenly elevated, its sides ver-
tical; usually four rounded spots on each elytron.
2019. FEMORATUS.
ce, Median elevation of thorax rounded, gradually convex ; elytra each
with two spots and tip black. -: 2020. QUINQUEMACULATUS.
2017 (6510). TETRAOPES CANTERIATOR Drap., Ann. Gen. des Se., II, 1819, 47.
Blongate-oblong. Black, clothed with sparse, suberect, black hairs;
head and thorax red, the latter with four round spots on disk; elytra red,
black from in front of middle to apex, the black space nearly divided near
its middle, the front portion sometimes small; scutellum and a small spot
on each humerus also black. Thorax almost smooth. Elytra rather coarsely
and closely punctate. Length 8-12 mm.
Posey County; rare. July 9. Ranges from New England to
Towa and southward.
2018 (6511). TETRAOPES TETRAOPHTHALMUS Forst., Cent. Ins., 1771, 41.
Elongate, robust. “Black; head, thorax and elytra red; thorax with
four spots on disk and sometimes a blotch on front angles and basal mar-
gin black; elytra each with a spot on humerus and three on disk black; the
first rounded and near suture, second oblong, near middle, third rounded on
apical third; scutellum black. Thorax with median elevation rounded, its
sides e) ging gradually with area of disk; surface sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Length 9-14 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June S—August 3.
2019 (6513). Terraorpes remoratus Lee., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1847, 93.
Resembles the preceding closely in form, size and color. Antenne
usually distinctly but narrowly annulate with gray at apex and base of
each joint; elytra each usually with four smaller spots as follows: one on
humerus; two on basal third, one near suture, the other submarginal; the
fourth behind the middle. Thorax with median elevation and tubercles on
sides more prominent than in the other species. Length 12-16 mm.
Lake, Fountain, Knox and Vigo counties; frequent. J uly 2—Au-
gust 17. Those specimenis having the scape of antennx and femora
red are known as var. basalis Lee.
2020 (6514). TETRAOPES QUINQUEMACTULATUS Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc..
X, 1847, 53.
Hlongate-oblong, robust. Thorax with usual spots; elytra each with a
round spot on humerus, another on apical third, and the tips, black. An-
tennal joints indistinctly annukiue at base. Median elevation of thorax as
in tedraophthatnus, Length 9 11 wim,
Throughout the State; scaree. June 18—July 20,
THE LONG-TIORNED Woop-BORING BEETLES. 1095
LNNITT. Aspuioxnycus Lee. 1852. (Gr., ‘fon hoth sides + claw.”’)
This genus comprises two small species having the antenne
strongly pilose, the third and fourth joints elongated, outer joints
suddenly shorter: eves not divided; tarsal claws cleft. One of the
two occurs in Indiana.
Lort (6516). AMPHIONYCHA FLAMMATA Newm., Entom., 1$40, 13.
Elongate-oblong. Black. feebly shining; hispid with fine, erect, black
hairs; vertex of head, a stripe each side of thorax, and often the margins
of elytra nearly to apex. yellowish; outer joints of antenne feebly annulate.
Thorax rather finely, elytra more closely and coarsely, punctate. Length
6-9 mm.
Kosciusko County; rare. July 11. Probably oceurs throughout
the State. In the specimen at hand the elytra are wholly black.
Tribe X. METHIINI.
While no member of this tribe has as yet heen taken in the State,
one, Dusphaya levis Lee. probably occurs, having been described
from Illinois. It is a small black or picveous species. with thorax
evlindrical and clongate; elytra a little more than half the length of
abdomen, narrowed and dehiscent behind the middle, their tips
rounded, surface roughly punctate; legs vellow. Length 7 mm. It
is supposed, like allied species, to breed in hickory twigs.
Family LUT. CHRYSOMELID.-E.
Tre LEAF BEETLES.
A very large family of medium- or smail-sized beetles. usually
short-bodied and more or less oval in outline, with the antenne of
moderate length. usually filiform, the joints often comparatively
stouter towards the tips. In color the heetles are often prettily
variegated, though some are wholly of a brilliant metallic blue or
green, while others are dull black or brown. -\Il have the lees short,
with the tarsi of the same typ? as In the Cerambycide, viz., the
fourth and fifth joints grown together. the fourth usually very
small and concealed in a notch in the third seyment. (Fig. 45s.)
In addition to the «eneral characters above given. the species
aeree in having the labial palpi 3-jointed; mentum transverse and
nek large; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, cylindrical, rarely dilated or
elongate. Head either prominent and more or less constricted be-
hind (Eupoda) or inserted to the eves: in the Cussidini usually con-
eealed under the shield-like thorax ; eves entire or feebly emarginate
1096 FAMILY LII.-—CIRYSOM ELIDA.
on the inner side, finely granulated ; mandibles usually short and ro-
bust, labrum transverse, usually rounded in front. Antenna varia-
ble in position and form, serrate or lamellate in certain Clythrini,
clavate in many Hispini, not inserted upon frontal prominences,
usually 11-jointed. Thorax often margined at the sides, the side
pieces not separate from the prosternum, which is not prolonged.
Elytra usually covering the abdomen, sometimes leaving the last
dorsal segment exposed; rarely (in some Galeructni and Chrysome-
Hui) smaller and not covering the greatly enlarged abdomen of fe-
male; abdomen with five ventral segments. Legs usually short,
hind thighs often enlarged for jumping; tibi never serrate, usually
without spines; tarsi (except in Hwmonia) with joints one to three
broad and covered beneath with a brush of hair, fifth with two equal
claws of variable form.
The name of the family is from that of the typical genus, Chrys-
omcela, which is derived from two Greek words meaning ‘‘e¢old’’ and
““fruit,’? and probahly refers to some of the members of the genus
Cassida, which are often of a brilliant golden hue. They are called
leaf beetles because they feed upon the leaves of plants, the Colo-
rado potato beetle and striped cucumber beetle being familiar ex-
amples. All the species are diurnal in habit and move slowly over
the surface of plants, to which they adhere by means of the dense
brush of hairs upon the under side of the tarsi. ‘‘As the function
of the Cerambycide is to hold the vegetable world in check by de-
stroying woody fiber, the Bruchide effect a similar result by attack-
ing the seeds and the Chrysomelida hy destroying the leaves. As
the cellular and succulent-leaved plants have succeeded the drier
and more woody forms of early geological time, so have the Chrys-
omelide probably attained their highest development in the more
recent periods.’”*
On account of their leaf-eating habits the family comprises some
very injurious forms, which will be mentioned in their proper se-
quence. The eggs are usually yellowish and elongated and are gen-
erally laid upon the leaves or stems of the plants upon which the
larvee feed. The latter are of varying form, but for the most part
are fleshy convex or ehunky hump-hacked ‘‘slugs’’ or eruhs, a
familiar example being that of the Colorado potato beetle. Many
of them live on the leaves of the plants, where they feed often in
company with the mature inseets. Those that live exposed to the
light differ from the great majority of Coleopterous larvae in being
*LeConte and Horn, Classification, p 335.
~ "LES. 1097
more or less highly colored. Some of them are flattened and curi-
ously armed with spines, while others are partially covered with
their own excrement. A few are leaf miners or stem borers, and
these are long and slender and without the conspicuous markings of
those which feed in the open. The larvz of one large group (Cam p-
tosoma) are case-bearers; others, including an entire tribe (Ewmol-
pin’) are root-feeders. When ready to transform, many of the leaf-
eating larve fasten themselves by the tail or last abdominal segment
to a leaf and enter the chrysalis stage, while others go into the
ground when about to change to a pupa. The case-bearers pupate
within the sealed-up larval case.
About 18.000 species of Chrysomelide are known, 73() of which
are from North America. These are arranged in twelve tribes, all of
which are represented in Indiana. The literature pertaining to the
different tribes is widely scattered, and the more important papers
will be noted under the respective tribal headings. Two which at-
tempt to treat of the United States or Canadian species of the fam-
ily as a whole are as follows:
Crotch, G. R— ‘Materials for the Study of the Phytophaga of
the United States.”’ in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1873,
19-83.
Wickham, H. F.— ‘The Chrysomcelide of Ontario and Quebee,”’
tn Can. Ent., XXVIII. 1396; NXTX, 1897.
The different forms of tarsal claws are much used in the classifi-
cation of genera, and the beginner is urged to familiarize himself
with these as described on page 15.
KEY TO TRIBES OF CHRYSOMELID.£.
a. Head produced, constricted or neck-like behind the eyes; thorax much
narrower than elytra and without lateral margins (raised edges) ;
mandibles simple, pointed (Lupoda).
b. First ventral segment about as long as all the others united; form
elongate; prosternum very narrow; tarsal claws simple, divergent.
Tribe I. DowxacrNxtr. p. 1098.
bb. First ventral about as long as or somewhat shorter than the two fol-
lowing.
ce. Elytral punctures irregular: tarsal claws cleft or toothed; pro-
sternum distinct. ‘Tribe II. Sacrtnr. p. 1107,
ec. Elytral punctures in rews: tarsal claws simple. divergent; pro-
sternum very narrow. Tribe IIT. Criocertnr, p. 1110,
aa. Head inserted in the thorax to the eyes; thorax as broad, or but little
narrower, than elytra. usually margined on the sides: mandibles with
several teeth. Woe
d. Thorax and elytra without broad. expanded margins; head usually
plainly visible from above.
1098 PAMILY LI.——Ciin ino ruta.
e. Front of head normal, not inflexed, mouth anterior.
f. Last dorsal segment of abdomen not exposed ; middle ventral seg-
ments not narrowed.
g. Antenne widely separated at base, usually more so than the
length of first joint.
h. Front coxee rounded; third tarsal joint bilobed.
Tribe VII. EUMocPINI, p. 11-4.
hh. Front cox transverse; third tarsal joint usually entire.
Tribe VIII. CrrysoMELINI, p. 1149.
gy. Antenne rather close together at base, inserted on the front;
front cox conical and prominent.
i. Hind thighs slender, adapted for walking.
Tribe IX. GALERUCINI, p. 1162.
ii, Hind thighs thickened, adapted for leaping.
Tribe NX. Hatricinxt, p. 1177.
7f. Last dorsal segment of abdomen exposed and sloping downward;
form of body robust, compact, subeylindrical.
j. Surface of body coarsely tuberculate above; antenne received
in marginal grooves on the lower side of thorax.
Tribe V. CHLaMypini, p. 1114.
jj. Surface of body not tuberculate; antenne not received in
grooves.
k. Prosternum not separating front cox; antenne short and
serrate. Tribe TY. Currapixy p. 1172.
kh. Prosternum extending between front coxee; antenne usually
long and slender. Tribe VI. CryProcePialLINtT. p. 1116,
ce. Front of head inflexed, mouth inferior; form oblong, wedge-shaped,
broad and truncate behind; surface usually strongly pitted or
reticulated. Tribe NI. TWispinr, p. 1225.
dd. Thorax and elytra with broad, expanded margins; head (in our spe-
cies) concealed; outline of body elliptical or nearly circular.
Tribe NIL. Cassini, p. 1228,
Tribe I. DONACIINI.
Oblong, graceful beetles of inedium size which oceur upon the
leaves and stems of water-lilies, arrowhead, pond-weed, skunk eab-
bage, pickerel weed, reeds, sedges and other water-loving plants,
and hence are semiaquatic in habit. In form and general appear-
ance they resemble certain Cerambycide and constitute a connect-
ing link between that family and the present. The larve live on
the outside of the submerged roots of the plants above mentioned,
and obtain their supply of air through the tissues of the plant.
When about to change into pups, they enclose themselves in silken
cocoons, a nwnher of which are often found fastened in a row to the
stems or roots of the aquatie plants. The mature beetles are more
or less gregarious, and fly about on bright sunny days, alighting on
the leaves or flowers in numbers.
Sig eeeageied 1099
They have the head prominent. somewhat narrowed behind the
vyes ; antenne filiform. slender. at least half as long as body ; thorax
quadrate without side margins. not wider than head. Elytra wider
than thorax, depressed. cylindrical or somewhat triangular, usually
narrowed toward the tips. and each marked with ten rows of quad-
rate, rarely rounded, punctures. In color they are usually more
or less metallic, of a ereenish. bronze or purplish hue. The under
side is paler and densely clothed with a fine silky pubescence, which
enables them to shed the water when the plants upon which they
alight happen to be submerged.
The principal papers treating of the tribe are as follows:
Le Conte.—‘‘Synopsis of the Species of Donacia Inhabiting the
United States.”? in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, V, 1851.
310-316.
Leng, Chas—‘Review of the Donacia of Boreal America,’* in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. NVITI, 1+91, 159-176.
The tribe comprises but two genera, both of which are repre-
sented in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF DONACIINI.
a, Elytra simple at tip; tarsi dilated. sj. ngy beneath. Ty, eS Acs,
aa, Elytra distinctly spinose at tip: tarsi narrow. smooth beneath. last joint
very long. claws large. II, Tcemonza.
I. Donacta Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘fa reed.’’)
Belonging to this genus, as characterized above, Leng. in his
latest synopsis. recognized 20 spevies and a number of varictivs.
Eighteen species have been taken in Indiana, while four others may
occur.
In those species having the ‘‘sutural margin sinuate behind the
middle,’’ there is an apparent second margin, starting not more
than one-fourth the length from the tip—often less—which is sinu-
ate, or curved more or less. away from the suture. Thus a space
somewhat elliptical in shape is formed, sometimes depressed. seine-
times in the same plane with the rest of the elytron. and always
destitute of punctuation.
The males are narrower than the females and usually have the
hind femora more strongly toothed and the last dorsal segment
shorter and either truncate or emarginate, never rounded. Last
dorsal of female more or less elongate. always rounded. For con-
venience the Indiana species are separated into three groups and
these in turn into species.
1100 FAMILY LIT.—-C
KY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA DONACTA.
a. Hend and thorax evidently pubescent above. Group 4.
ad. Head occasionally, thorax never pubescent.
b. Elytva truncate or subtruncate at tip. Group B.
bb. Blytra rounded at tip: sutural margin of elytra sinuate behind the
niddle. Group C.
Group iA.
But two Indiana species belong to this group. They are widely
different in size and general appearance and, except in the pubes-
cence of head and thorax, have little In common.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.
w. Elytra without pubescence; hind femora slender, without a tooth.
2022. PUBICOLLIS.
aa. Elytra evidently pubescent; hind femora swollen, toothed.
2023. PUBESCENS.
Loz (6523). Donacra puBicoLttrs Suffr., Stett. Zeit., isi2, 21.
Elongate, rather robust, convex. Brown, bronzed; antennie, tibire and
tarsi dusky; femora reddish-vellow. Head. thorax, scutellum and under
surface clothed with short gray, but not dense, pubescence. Third joint of
antenne nearly twice longer than second. Thorax longer than broad, me-
dian line distinct on basal half; sides with an obtuse tubercle in front of
middle; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytral punctures small, rounded,
rather close set in more or less irregular rows; intervals rugulose; tips
rounded. Mesosternum narrower than coxre. Length 10-12 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 20, A few specimens taken by Wol-
cott along the beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine. Known hereto-
fore only from northern Tllinois, where it occurs on water-lilies.
2023 (6538). DOoNACTA PUBESCENS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1867, 55.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Pale reddish-brown, everywhere rather
densely clothed with short, silky, golden hairs. Antennze piceous. rather
stout, third joint one-half longer than second. Thorax slightly longer than
broad, feebly constricted near middle, broadly channeled on median third;
feebly and obtusely tuberculate each side. Elytral punctures coarse, inter-
vals nearly flat; tips subtruncate. Mesusternum narrower than cox. Length
7-9 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Marion counties; rare. June 9June 16.
Known only from Canada, Hlinsis and Michigan. Oceurs on pick-
evel weed.
Group Th.
Tiss Pre ae a eis " "
This group comprises 14 speres, among them the most common
enes oveurring in the State. All agree in having the elytra more
or less truncate at apex. The form in a number of them is flattened
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1101
above, but in subiilis the male is convex and the female flattened.
But two, distincta and turosa, have the sutural margins simate.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
a. Body broad. distinetly tlattened above: middle cox:e separated by about
their own width.
6. Third joint of antenne about one-half longer than second.
¢. Thorax finely and indistinctly punctate.
ad. Color brownish or tuscous yellow ; form more slender; hind tibice
of male curved, serrate; elytral punctures finer.
2024. CINCTICORNIS.
dd. Color purplish-black; form broader, more robust; hind tibie
straight; elytral punctures coarser, subyuadrate.
2U25, PROXIMA.
ce, Thorax coarsely punctate over its entire surface. MAGNIFICA.
Lb. Third joint of antennze more than twice the length of second.
v, Elytra truncate at tips: first ventral segment of male simple, cun-
vex,
f. Front tarsi of male dilated; color greenish-hronzed; larger, 9-
11 mm. DCG, PXEAEATA,
ff. Front tarsi of male simple; color brownish-yellow ; smaller, 6-
S mm. BUT. RUPESOEXS.
ec. elytra subtruneate at tips, form more convex; first ventral of male
concave at middle; sidcs of thorax strongly tul-erculate.
2028. PISCATRIX.
aa, Body narrower, more convex above; middle coxie separated by less than
their own width.
g. Thorax with disk even, punctate. not or scarcely tuberculate on sides.
h. Punctures of thorax very fine, confused and confiuent; third joint
of antenne one-third longer than second. 2029, CURTICOLLIS.
ih. Vunctures of thorax larger and distinct.
i. Antennz and legs pale reddish-brown, the former very stout, the
second and third joints subequal; thorax with coarse. trans-
yerse wrinkles in addition to punctures. 2POBO, MEGACORNIS.
u Antenne and legs dark reddish-brown to piceous, the former
wuch more slender, third joint distinct)y longer than second.
j. Punctures of thorax coarse. uniform in size.
k. Third joint of antenne one-half longer than second; thorax
straight on sides. 2031, SUBTILIS.
kk. Third joint of antenne twice the length of second; thorax
constricted at middle. 2032. RUGOSA.
jj. Punctures of therax not uniform, finer mixed with the coarser ;
third joint of antenn ene-half longer than second.
POROSICOLLIS.
vg. Thorax with disk uneven, the sides tuberculate; elytra with two
transverse depressions.
1. Sutural margin of elytra straight. 2033. EQUALIS.
ll. Sutural margin of elytra sinuate.
1102 FAMILY LIdIl.—CORYSOVELIDA.
m. Coppery-bronzed; third joint of antennz longer than second;
head not torose. 2034. DISTINCTA.
want. Blackish-violet; sccond and third joints of antennze subequal;
head torose, i. e., with knots or elevations. TOROSA.
024 (10,334). DoNnacia CINCTICORNIS Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1888, 391.
Blongate, rather slender, subdepressed. Above brownish-yellow strongly
shining, often with a greenish tinge; head and thorax darker; beneath
clothed with dense gray pubescence; antenne and legs reddish-brown to
piceous, the tips of joints of former often darker. Thorax wider than long,
slightly narrowed near base; disk nearly smooth, median line distinct; sides
finely and somewhat rugosely punctured, with an irregular depression in
front of middle, Disk of elytra with two feeble transverse impressions:
punctures large, subquadrate; intervals flat, nearly smooth. Wind femora
swollen and armed with one to three teeth. Length 7-11 mm.
Northern half of State; common. Not taken south of Vigo
County. May 17-August 22. Oveurs on the yellow water-lily.
Vuphar advena Ait., and the leaves of Patamogeton.
202h (6534). Donacta Proxima Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 225.
Klongate, robust, depressed. Blackish-violet, head bronzed; antennw
and legs black. Thorax quadrate; disk with a median impressed line, punc-
tate at base and apex, nearly smooth at middle. Elytral intervals not ru-
gose. Hind femora less developed than in cincticornis. Length 8-11 mm.
Wells County; rare. August 1. Ranges from New England
to Oregon and probably occurs oniy in the northern part of Indiana.
D. magnifica Lec., violaceous, margined with golden yellow,
length 8-9 mm., is known from Canada and Michigan.
2026 (6526). Donacta pALMATA Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 75.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Purplish-green to brownish-yellow
above, strongly shining; densely whitish pubescent beneath; joints of an-
tenne and femora reddish-brown at base, blackish at apex. Thorax broader
than long, very finely punctulate, sides with a rounded tubercle in front of
middle. Elytra coarsely punctate; intervals subconvex, distinctly rugose.
Length 9-11 mm.
Starke, Marshall, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; scarce. June
20—August 20. Occurs on hoth white and yellow pond-lilies.
2027 (65272). DOoNACIA RUFESCENS Lae., Mem. Soc. Liege, IIT, 1845, 112.
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Brownish-yellow, feebly shining. An-
tenne with third joint twice as long as second, the other joints scarcely
thickened at apex. Thorax quadrate, very finely wrinkled, not punctured,
scarcely tuberculate on the sides. Elytra depressed without transverse im-
pressions, punctures small, fecbly impressed; intervals flat, not rugulose;
tips squarely truneate. Length 6-8 mm.
Koseiusko and Starke counties; rare. August 20-August 26.
Listed as a variety of D. hypoleuca Tae.
THE LEAF BESTLES. 1103
2028 (6529). DoNacita PISCATRIX Lac., Mem. Soc. Liege, III, 1845, 113.
Elongate. rather slender, subconvex. Color
above variable. bronze, green or brownish-yel-
low, strongly shining; grayish pubescent be
neath; antennee and legs reddish-yellow, femora
m part darker. Antenne stouter than in the
two preceding, the second joint about half the
length of third. Thorax quadrate, sides cach
with two rounded tubercles, the front one more
prominent; disk finely alutaceous, sparsely, fine-
ly and shallowly punctate. Elytral punctures
rather coarse; intervals nearly flat, finely, trans-
versely rugose. Length 6.5-10 mm. (Fig. 476.)
Throughout the State; common. May
15-August 20. Occurs mainly on the
Howers and foliage of the yellow water-lily,
rarely on those of the white. The stouter
antenne, more distinct tubercles of thorax and less squarely trun-
cate tips of elytra readily distinguish this from palmata, with which
it is most apt to be confused.
2029 (——). Downacta ctrticottis Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VIT,
1906, 122.
Rather slender, convex, male; broader, subdepressed, female. Red-
dish- or brownish-yellow; head and basal joint of antennz greenish; under
surface, tibize and tarsi with a greenish tinge. Head with a deep median
groove. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides straight, without tuber-
cles; disk very finely wrinkled, confusedly punctate and with a deep me
dian groove reaching to basal fourth. Elytra with a shallow oblique de
pression just in front of, and another behind, middle; strie# deeply, closely
and coarsely punctate; intervals finely wrinkled. Length 9-10 mm.
Laporte, Marshall and Whitley counties; scarce. July 15-Au-
gust 15. Knab’s types were from Illinois and Indiana. Occurs on
bullrushes.
2030 (——). DoNACIA MEGACORNIS sp. nov.
Elongate, slender. Cupreous, bronzed; antenne and legs reddish-brown.
Antenne much stouter than in subtilis, half the length of body. the second
and third joints nearly equal. Thorax longer than wide. feebly tubercu-
late on the sides; disk with sides rugose, with fine punctures between the
wrinkles; median line distinct on basal half. Elytra each with two dis-
tinct impressions, the hind one with an elongate extension reaching nearly
to apex; punctures rather coarse, oblong; intervals flat, densely rugose.
Fig. 476. X< 4. (Original.)
Length 7.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 28.
2031 (6586). ToNACIA SUBTILIS Kunz, Mon. Neu. Sehrift. Ges. Halle, II,
1818, 14.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Color brassy bronzed to purplish-black ;
rarely bluish, shining; antennie and legs reddish-brown to piceous. Tho-
[70 —23402]
1104 PAMILY LIMN.—CHRYSOMELID.E.
rax slightly longer than wide, sides almost straight, disk transversely ru-
gose, with punctures between the wrinkles; median line shallow but dis-
tinct. Elytra each with two shallow impressions near middle; punctures
oblong, intervals nearly flat, transversely, densely rugose; tips more nar-
rowed than in the preceding species, squarely truncate. Length 7-10 mm.
Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; common. May
12-Angeust 20. Ovcurs on leaves and stems of sedges and arrow-
alum along borders of ponds and lakes. Mating May 21 and June
20. In a form from Lake County the females are much more ro-
bust, more convex, and more shining, with shorter thorax than in
typical sub/iis, They are prohably to he referred to var. fulgens
Lee.
2032 (6537). Donacia ruGcosa Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soec., NWIII, 1878,
415.
Resembles subtilis cloxely in form and color. The antennse are longer
and more slender, with the third joint distinctly longer than second. Tho-
rax slightly constricted at middle, surface more densely and finely punc-
tured. Length 8.5 mm.
Two specimens taken at Bass Lake and Lake Maxinkuckee, Au-
gust 15 and 20 were submitted to Leng, who pronounced them this
species. He writes that he now considers rugosa a distinct species
instead of a varicty of sublilis, and that it has been found to live on
pickerel weed, whereas subtilis lives on reeds and sedges.
D. porosicollis Lac., eoppery-bronzed, leneth 10 mm., is recorded
from Michigan and Pennsylvania.
2033 (6539). DOoNactaA AQUALIS Say. Journ. Tthil. Acad. Nat. Sei. IIT.
1823, 428; ibid. IT, 202.
Elongate-oblong, rather slender, subconvex. Bronzed, shining; tibiz.
tarsi and base of femora reddish-brown. Second and third joints of an-
tenn equal. Thorax as long as broad, median line distinct, sides with a
rounded tubercle before the middle: disk somewhat uneyen, finely and
densely punctate. Elytra with two shallow, subsutural, ‘transverse impres-
sions near the middle; intervals flat, feebly rugulase; tips obliquely trun-
eate. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Lake, Wells and Jackson counties; scarce. May 27-October 14.
Occurs on reeds and sedges alone the horders of marshes and
streams.
2034 (G535). Donacta pIsTINcTa Lec., Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 236.
Elongate, slender. Cupreous, bronzed; head, antenne and legs clothed
with very short, fine, whitish pubescence. Antenne rather slender, the
third joint nearly one-halt longer than second. Thorax quadrate, narrowed
near base, angles prominent, sides with blunt tubercles: disk sparsely,
irregularly and rather finely punctate. the median line distinct for nearly
LES. 1105
its entire length. Elytra depressed, the punctures rather fine and deep;
intervals flat, finely. trausversely wrinkled; sutural margin sinuate for
only about one-tenth its length near apex. Hind femora armed with an
acute tooth. Length 7-9 mm.
Starke County; rare. May 19. Taken from leaves of the vel-
low water-lily. .\ northern form, known heretofore from Wis-
consin, Michigan and Massachusetts.
D. torosa Lec., thorax nearly smooth, length 6-7 mm., is known
from Massachusetts. Illinois and Iowa.
Group C.
Our six members of this group agree in having the elytra
rounded at tip and their sutural margin distinctly sinuate near
apex. The form is always convex and the middle coxw are sepa-
rated by less than their own width.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. Eyes small; size larger. 10-11 mm.; strongly convex. 2035. HARRISII.
aa. Eyes of normal size; smaller, not over $.5 mm.; less convex.
b. Thorax depressed. without basal or median line; hind femora toothed
in both sexes. PUSILLA.
bb. Thorax convex. punctured: basal line distinct. median one usually so.
e. Thorax closely punctulate; hind femora club-shaped.
d. Legs dark.
ce. Hind femora toothed in both sexes; coler usually dark blue.
2036. EMARGINATA.
ce. Hind femora toothed in male only; color metallic green or
blackish. 2037. METALLICA.
dd. Legs reddish-yellow ; hind femora toothed in both sexes.
2088. FLAVIPES.
ce, Thorax sparsely punctured; hind femora elliptical; legs reddish-
yellow. 2039. RUFA.
2085 (6524). Donacta HaRRIsiT Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vl 1851.
316.
Elongate. robust. convex. Viceeous bronzed; head and thorax often
with a cupreous tinge. Antenne slender, piceous. joints often paler at
base; third more than one-half Jonger than secend. Thorax distinctly
longer than wide. searcely narrowed behind, tubercles on sides very feeble:
disk densely and finely strigosely punctate. Elytra with tips rounded or
very slightly subtruncate ; punctures comparatively fine and deep; intervals
subconrex. densely rugose. Length 10-11 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties: rare. June 3-June 23. Swept
from sedges in low moist meadows. The large size, small eyes and
sinuate sutural margin of elytra distinguish this species. Leng
places it in the group’ with truneate tips of elytra, since he ‘‘in-
cludes thus all forms that are in the least truncate or even doubt-
1106 FAMILY LUT—CURYSOMELID..
fully so,’’ but the beginner will evidently class the tips as rounded,
and I have therefore placed it in the present group.
D. pusilla Say, greenish or coppery-bronzed, second and third
antennal joints equal, length 6-8 inm., ranges across the northern
United States, has been recorded from Michigan and perhaps ov-
eurs in northern Indiana.
2036 (6541). Donacra EMARGINATA Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 224.
Elongate, slender, convex. Dark metallic blue, rarely purple or bronzed ;
antenne black,.the joints often reddish at base, second and third joints
nearly equal. Thorax longer than wide, median line distinct, sides with a
rounded tubercle on apical half; surface minutely rugose, finely and densely
punctate. Elytra with an impression in front of middle, rounded at tip;
sutural margin strongly sinuate on apical fourth; intervals feebly convex,
transversely rugose. Last dorsal segment of male emarginate. Length 6-
7 mm.
Lake County; frequent locally. May 15—June 15. Taken by
beating tall sedges along sloughs near Pine.
2087 (6545). Donacra METALLICA Ahrens, Neu. Schrift. Ges. Tale, I,
1810, 33.
Elongate, rather slender, convex. Cvolor variable, usually greenish or
bronzed, sometimes blackish, strongly shining. Second and.third antennal
joints subequal. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed near base, tubercles
on sides evident but feeble, median line fine; disk minutely rugulose, finely
and rather densely punctate. Elytra convex, tips rounded, punctures rather
coarse ; intervals almost flat, nearly smooth. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Lake County, searce; Marion County, frequent at Crow’s Nest,
near Broad Ripple, on the base of the leaves of skunk cabbage,
Symplocarpus faladus Salish., April 26-May 15.
2038 (6546). Donacta rLavipes Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 223.
Blongate, rather slender, convex. Bronzed coppery, rarely dark blue,
shining; antenne and legs reddish-yellow. Antenne rather robust, third
joint one-third longer than second. Thorax one-half longer than wide, me
dian channel wide, rather deep; tubercles on sides large, rounded, some-
what prominent; surface finely transversely rugose, densely and minutely
punetate. Elytra usually with two shallow transverse impressions near
middle; punctures coarse, quadrate: intervals strongly transversely rugose;
distinctly sinuate near the tips, which are rounded. Mesosternum nar-
rower than cox; first ventral segment shorter than metasternwn. Length
7-8.5 mm.
Northern half of State, commen: not taken south of Vigo and
Wayne counties. May 4—June 1d. Qeeurs on reeds, rushes and the
arrow-alum, Pellandra undulata Rat. Mating May 21,
,
PA LEAR bili CLES, 1107
2039 (10,886). Doxacia rurA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., V, 1827,
283 ; ibid. TI, 339.
Hlongate, convex, subeylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, shining; an-
tenue and legs reddish-yellow. ‘Third joint of, antenne one-half longer
than second. Thorax one-third longer than wide, broadest near apex;
tubercles on sides not prominent, median line very distinct; surface con-
vex, shining, marked with minute scattered punctures. Flytra with two
shallow impressions near middle; intervals nearly flat, almost smooth.
Length 7-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; rather searece. April 21-October 18.
Occurs on leaves and about roots of skunk eahbage. The more con-
vex, shining and sparsely punctured thorax, wider in front, and the
smoother intervals of elytra readily distinguish this from flavipes.
II. Taonia Lat. 182%. (A geographical name.)
This genus is represented by a single species resembling Donacia
in form, but distinguished by the varrow tarsi and the distinct spine
at outer angle of tips of elytra.
2040 (6549). HasMoNnIA wicricornis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837,
222.
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Thorax, elytra and legs brownish-yel-
Jow; head, antenna, tarsi and under surface black. Thorax subquadrate,
constricted at middle, front angles rounded, prominent; surface smooth,
with a few coarse punctures at hase. Elytra each with ten long rows of
punctures and a shorter sutural row; alternate intervals wider and sub-
convex. Length 5.5-8 mm.
Lake County; scarce. May 20-May 28. Taken from pond-
weed (Poiamogilon) in the Calumet River near Pine; also in the
washup of Lake Michigan. Probably oecurs in lakes and streains
throughout the northern half of State.
Tribe II. SAGRINI.
Small or medium-sized, oblong or elongate, roughly punctured
species having the head prominent, not narrowed behind; eyes very
convex. entire; antenne filiform, rather widely separated at base;
thorax not wider than head. Elytra entire, wider than thorax,
strongly and irregularly punctured; front cox conical, transverse,
usually prominent and contiguous; middle and hind coxe narrowly
separated ; tarsal claws (in our species) toothed or cleft.
The principal paper treating of tle genera comprising both this
tribe and tribe IV, Clythriui, is by
Horn.—‘ Studies in Chysomelide,’’ ix Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XIX, 1892, 1-18.
Three of the four known genera are represented in the State.
1108 FAMILY GITE.—voricy see math.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SAGRINI.
a. Thorax somewhat bell-shaped, the sides much rounded, without teeth
or tubercle; front coxie not prominent, separated. III. Orsopacna.
aa, Thorax with 1 tubercle or angulate at the sides; front coxse prominent,
eontiguous.
b. Eyes emarginate; thorax with a large, distinct tubercle on sides;
front coxal cavities closed; claws toothed. IV. ZeEUGOPHORA.
bb. Eyes entire; thorax angulate or toothed at sides; front coxal cavi-
ties open; claws cleft. VY. SyYNETA.
TIT. Orsopacxa Lat. 1802. (Gr, ‘bud +4 gnawer.’’)
This genus, as characterized ahove, contains a single species of
such variability in color, that it has been described under six or
seven different names. It occurs on willow blossoms in the spring,
several color varieties often being found on the same tree. All in-
tergrades are known, from those entirely piceous to those almost
wholly pale brownish-vellow.
2041 (550). OrsopACNA ATRA Ahrens, Noy. Act. IIalens,
I, 1810, 46.
Elongate, rather slender, subconvex. Color given in
varietal key below. Antenne less than half the length
of body, the joints subequal in length, bell-shaped, much
narrowed at base. Thorax longer than wide, distinctly
narrowed behind the middle; surface coarsely, roughly
; and rather sparsely punctured. Elytra one-half wider
Fig. 477, x 43. than thorax, coarsely punctate, tips rounded. Length 4-
(Alter Wiekham.) => ym, (Fig. 477.)
4
KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF 0. ATRA.
a. Elytra wholly blackish or piceous.
b. Thorax black or piceous.
c. Legs wholly piceous. ATRA Ahr.
ce. Tibiite and femora brownish-yellow. TIBIALIS Kirby.
bb. Thorax more or less reddish.
ad, Thorax reddish with central dark spot, LuUctuosa Lae.
dd. Thorax entirely reddish-yellow.
ada. Elytra more or less brownish-yellow.
ce. Elytra with stripes,
HEPATICA Say.
f. Piceous, thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra each with one yellow stripe
on disk. VITTATA Say.
ff. Dull yellow : elytra each with sutural line and stripe on side dark.
TRIVITIATA Tare,
ee. Elytra dark, with large humeral and apieal yellow spot. (Fig. 477.)
CHILDRENI Kirby.
THE LEAW BEETLES. 1109
Southern half of State; rather scarce. April 3-May 26. Four
of the varieties have heen taken, viz., atva in Jennings and Putnam
counties ; hepatica in Hancock, Jackson, Crawford and Posey coun-
ties; viffata in Jackson and Posey and trivittata in Posey.
TV. Zeucoprtor, Kunze. 1818. (Gv., ‘a voke + bear.’’)
The members of this eenus are smaller, being proportionally
shorter and more robust, than those of Orsudacua.. The punctua-
tion is very coarse and the thorax has a large blunt tubercle on
sides. Three species have been taken in the State and another prob-
ably oceurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZEUGOPHORA.
a. Blytra entirely black.
b. Head wholly yellow; punctures of elytra large, more distant one
from another than their own diameters. 2042. SCUTELLARIS.
vb. Occiput black ; elytral punctures close. 2043. CONSANGUINEA.
aa. Elytra bicolored.
ec. Thorax entirely vellow; outer half of antennse piceous; elytral pune-
tures very close, PUBERULA.
ec, Thorax with a picecus discal spot, divided at middle by a yellow
line; antenne pale; elytral punctures more distant.
2044. VARTANS.
2042 (6551). ZEUGOPHORA SCUTELLARIS Suffr.. Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1840, 99.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Head, thorax, legs, pro- and mesosterna clear
yellow; elytra and abdomen black, shining, very sparsely pubescent. An-
tenne less than half the Jength of body, rather stout, joints 1 to 3 yellow,
the remainder piceous. Thorax longer than wide, strongly convex, tuber-
cles prominent, surface sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Starke and Wells counties; rare. June 18. Beaten from leaves
of hickory.
2043 (6556). ZEUGOPHORA CONSANGUINEA Crotch, Proce, Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., 1873. 23.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Resembles scevtclaris in color, except that
top of head is black and antenne wholly yellow. Thorax as broad as long,
the tubercles less prominent. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Lake and Starke counties; scarce. May 9—July 4. Known here-
tofore only from northern Illinois.
Z. puberula Crotch, dark reddish-brown, abdomen, metasternum
and apical half of antenne black, length 3.5 mm., was described
from Illinois.
1110 PAMILY Lil.—CTIRYSOMELID.T.
2044 (6554). ZmucoPHORA VARIANS Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1873, 23. .
BPlongate-oblong, subconvex. ‘op of head and disk
of thorax black, the latter with a yellowish median
stripe, which widens on basal half. Elytra piceous,
with a large oval or heart-shaped yellowish spot on
center of disk; front of head, antenne and legs dull
reddish-yellow. Thorax as in the preceding, the tuber-
cles more blunt. Length 3 mm. (Fig. 478.)
Tig. 478. X 8. Lake and Posey counties; scarce. May 11-
(After Wiekham-) June 24. Occurs on foliage of poplar.
Vo Synera Lac. 1845. (Gr., “‘sagacious.’’)
One species of this genus occurs in the eastern United States, in-
eluding Indiana.
2045 (557). SyNETA FERRUGINEA Germ., Nov. Act. Halens, I, 1810, 36.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and antenne reddish-yellow ;
elytra, legs and under surface paler yellow. Antenne slender, half the
length of body; joints 4 te 10 very nearly equal in length, 11th longer than
10th. Thorax slightly longer than wide; rather broadly angulate and ob-
tusely three-tovthed at sides; surface coarsely and densely punctate. Ely-
tra each with four raised lines or cost of various degrees of distinctness;
the broad intervals each with 3 to 5 irregular rows of coarse, close-set
punctures. Hind tibiz of male slightly broader at tip and with terminal
spurs, the inner edge sinuate below the middle. Length 7-8 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; searee. May 12—June 2. Beaten
from the foliage of scrub oak and hazel.
Tribe II]. CRIOCERINI.
Oblong or elongate beetles of rather small size and graceful
form, having the thorax much narrower than elytra, usually
strongly constricted near middle; elytra with punctures in regular
rows; antenne widely distant at base, inserted in front of eyes, 11-
jointed and rather stout; front eox:e conical, prominent and nearly
contiguous, the cavities closed hehind ; first ventral segment as long
as the two following; tarsal claws simple and approximate at base.
Two genera vompose the tribe.
KEY 'TO GENERA OF CRIOCERINI,
a, Thorax with a constriction about the middle. VIL Tema.
aa. Thorax cylindrical, not constricted. CRIOCERIS.
VI. Lema Fabry. 1798. (Nd, meaning unknown.)
This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in
the State hy five species.*
*A synoptical table of most. of the species is given by Croteh, Proc, Phil, Acad , 1873, 24
THE LEA¥ BEETLES. 1111
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEMA.
uv, Elytra with the ninth stria entire.
db. Elytra wholly dark blue.
ec. Head red, with two tubercles on vertex; antennie, legs and abdo-
men black. 2046. BRUNNICOLLIS.
ec, Head black, without tubercles; thorax red. 2047. COLLARIS.
bb. Elytra reddish-yellow, with three black stripes. 2048. TRILINEATA.
aa. Elytra with the ninth stria interrupted.
d. Elytra reddish-yellow, spotted with black.
e. Larger, 6 mm.; spots on the disk of elytra. G-PUNCTATA,
ec. Smaller, 4.5-5 mm.; spots common, crossing the suture.
2049. ALBINI.
dd. Wiytra blue; thorax red, with a central black spot. 2050. SAYT.
2046 (6565). LEMA BRUNNICOLLIS Lac., Mon., I, 1801, 882.
Klongate-oblong. Tead, thorax and under surface, except abdomen,
red; color of other parts given in key. Thorax very finely punctulate, with
a few coarse punctures on sides near apex and on median line. Length
4-45 mm.
Lake, Steuben and Marshall counties; rare. June 12-June 27.
Taken hy sweeping herbage in tamarack swamp. Crotch records it
from the Southern States, so that it probably occurs throughout In-
diana.
2047 (6567). Lema coLrriaRis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT, 1823,
. 480; ibid. II, 203.
Elongatc-oblong. Black; thorax red; elytra dark greenish-blue. An-
tenn shorter than in the preceding; vertex with a median groove. ‘ho-
vax short, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5-5 min.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-July 1. Occurs es-
pevially en the spiderwort, Tradescantia virginiana L; also on other
low herbs in moist, sandy localities.
2048 (6573). LrMA TRILINEATA Oliv., Ent., VI, 1808, 739.
Elongate-oblong, robust for the genus. Reddish-yellow ;
elytra somewhat paler, with sutural margin and rather wide
stripe on sides black; antennre (except basal joints), tips
of tibise and tarsi, blackish. Thorax usually with two black
spots on disk, strongly constricted at middle, smooth except
a few coarse punctures on sides near apex. Inner rows of
elytral punctures indistinct on apical half. Length 6-7 mm.
(lig. 479.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 19-July 25. Occurs on
the foliage of various Solanaceous herbs, especially that of potato.
Scmetimes called the ‘‘old-fashioned potato beetle,’’ bat that name
in Indiana is usually applied to ‘‘blister bectles’’ of the genus Epi-
caula, Mating June 8.
Fig 479
2049 (6575b). Luma ALBINA Lac., Mon., I, 1845, 492.
Elongate-oblong. Reddish-yellow; antenne, legs (except base of fe-
mora) and sides of metasternum, blackish; elytra with a small spot on
1112 FAMILY LIT.—cnnroum raise.
humerus and two large, heart-shaped common ones, black. Thorax nearly
smooth. Elytra with humeri prominent; punctures very coarse on basal
half, becoming finer toward apex. Length 45-5 mm.
Knox, Dubois, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. May 8-
June 26. Taken by sweeping herbage along roadsides. This spe-
cies is listed as a variety of 6-punctata Oliv. The range of both is
southern and the typical species may be found in the southern third
of the State.
2050 (6576). Lema sAayt Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 26.
Elongate-oblong. Dull red; antennie, legs. small spot on head and
larger one on center of thorax, black. Thorax longer than in collaris, finely
and rather closely punctate. Ninth stria of elytra narrowly interrupted
hear middle. Femora clavate, pubescent. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Dubois County; rare. May 12. A southern
form found on the spiderwort or dav-flower
Tradcescantia virginiana L.
Crioceris Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ‘‘a ram +horn.’’)
> To this genus belong two introduced species
which prey upon asparagus. C. asparagi L.
(Fig. 480), the common asparagus beetle, is
about 7 mm. in leneth; blnish green, thorax red
with two green spots; clytra with three or four
yellow spots cn sides which merve into a vellow
margin. It has been taken nea? Cincinnati and
Cleveland, Obio, and very probably oceurs in In-
diana.
Fig. 489.
(After Chittenden )
% Tribe IV. CLYTIIRINT.
Compact, stout, subevlindrical species of medium size, having
the head large, deflexcd; antenne short, widely separated, 11-
jointed, serrate; thorax margined on sides. fitted closely to the
elytra; front coxw transverse, more or less prominent, the cavities
closed behind; elytra lobed on sides, not covering the pygidium;
legs short, stout, tarsi broad; elaws either simple or toothed. Four
genera are represented in the State. The larva: are vasce-bearers
and, as far as known, live in ants’ nests, where they feed upon
veectable debris.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CLYTURINT.
a. Tarsal claws simple.
6, Front cox contiguous: torn clongate + color mostly yellow.
VII. ANoMuéea.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1115
bb. Front coxse separated by the prosternum; form short, robust; eyes
oval, not emarginate; color (in our species) uniform blackish.
VILI. CosciNoprera.
aa. Tarsal claws appendiculate; eyes emarginate; color black with red or
yellow elytral spots.
c. Epipleura broad in front; elytra (in our species) each with humeral
and apical reddish spots. IX. Basia.
ec, Epipleura narrow ; elytra each with humeral spot only.
XX. SANINIS.
Vil. Anomema Lac. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘unlike.’’)
One species occurs east of the Mississippi. The male has the an-
tenne more deeply serrate and front tibie longer than in female.
2051 (6579). ANOMCEA LATICLAVIA Forst., Noy. Spec. Insect., 1771, 27.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Head, thorax and femora reddish-yellow ;
elytra paler yellow, the suture and outer margins narrowly bordered with
black; antenn, tibize and tarsi usually blackish; under surface, except
prosternum, black, densely clothed with gray pubescence. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, sides rounded, hind margin sinuate, surface
smooth. Elytra finely and indistinctly punctate. Length 7-3 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 19-June 26. Oc-
curs on ragweed (Ambrosia) ; also on flowers of Jersey tea and other
herbs.
VIII. Coscrnoprera Lac. 1549. (Gr., ‘‘a sieve + wings.’’)
Of the North American species of this genus all but two occur in
the western and southwestern states. One of these is found in
Indiana.
2052 (6590). CoscINOPTERA DOMINICANA Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 34.
Oblong, robust. Black, densely
clothed on under surface, more
sparsely above, with short, prostrate
ash-gray pubescence; Jabrum usual-
ly yellow. Thorax evenly and regu-
larly convex, as broad at base as ely-
tra, more than twice as wide as long,
sides rounded; surface densely and
rather finely punctate, median line
smooth. Blytra more coarsely and
less densely punctate than thorax.
5-6. nim. Fig. 481. Fig. 481. a. larva extracted frcm case; b, came with
pene pone U ( = ) case; ¢, beetle, showing punctures; d, same natural size
Throughout the State . fre- e, egg enlarged; f, head of larva, under side; g, head of males
c aaqpqz__ beetle; h, mandible of same; i, eggs, natural size; j, leg of
quent. May 31-July a. Occurs larva; k, mandible of same. (After Riley.)
on the foliage of the sour or
black-gum, Nyssa sylvaticu Marsh: also on oak and wild grape.
The larve are said to oceur in ants’ nests. Mating June 11.
1114 PAMILY LII.—CIHRYSOMELIDAS.
IX. Basia Chev. 1834. (NUL., ‘‘a baboon.’’)
Two species and two nominal varieties of this genus occur in the
United States. One of the two ceeurs in Indiana.
2053 (6596). Basia QUADRIGUTTATA Oliv., Encye. Methed. Ins., VI, 1796, 37.
Oblong, convex. Black, shining; elytra each with a large humeral and
smaller apical reddish-yellow spot. Thorax a little narrower than elytra,
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra with irregular rows of larger
punctures; intervals with numerous scattered punctures. Length 3.5—4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 1b6-August 15. Occurs
on milkweed and other plants along roadsides. The short, stout,
subserrate antenne will readily distinguish it from other black and
red species of following genera. The elytra are not striate nor
coarsely punctate, as stated by Crotch and others.
X. Saxinis Lac. 1849.
Tere, again, most of the seven species are from the western and
southwestern states, only one being found east of the Mississippi.
2054 (6598). Saxinis omocrrA Lac., Mon., II, 1842, 482.
Oblong or subcylindrical. Bluish or greenish-black, shining; finely pu-
bescent beneath ; elytra each with a large reddish-yellow spot on humerus.
Thorax convex, as wide as elytra, sparsely and rather finely punctured.
Elytra with rows of coarse, close-set punctures, the rows on disk some-
what irregular. Length 3-3.7 mm.
Southern half of State, frequent; not taken north of Vermillion
County. May 17—July 21. Taken by beating or sweeping foliage
along roadsides, ete.
Tribe V. CHLAMYDINI.
Short, robust, evlindrical or subquadrate heetles of a dull metal-
lic or blackish hue, having the eyes large, emarginate; thorax and
elytra covered with wart-like tubercles; antennw widely separated,
short, serrate and received in grooves an the side of prosternum:
scutellum truneate behind and with a median tooth in front which
fits into a notch in base of thorax; elytral suture with minute teeth
each side which dove-tail between one another. The legs are closely
contractile and when disturbed the beetles draw them and the an-
tenne in and feign death. They then resemble the excrement of
certain caterpillars so closely as to render their detection difficult,
unless the collector is in especial search for them, and it is said that
hirds will not piek them up for the same reason. The larve of this
and part of the next tribe live upon the surface of leaves, and have
THE LEAP RERTLES. 1115
the curious habit of enclosing themselves in compact cases, com-
posed of their own excrement, which they mould into shape by
means of their mandibles. They carry their cases about with them
by protruding the front part of their bodies through the open ex-
tremity. (Fig. 482,b.) When about to transform they attach
their cases to the twigs, and close the opening, thus making them
answer the purpose of a cocoon.
Two genera compose the tribe. The latest paper treating of
them is by
Linell, Martin L.—‘‘New Species of Coleoptera of the Family
Chrysomelide with a Short Review of the Tribe Chlamy-
dini,’’ in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, 1897, 473-485.
KEY TO GENERA OF CHLAMYDINI.
a. Antenne serrate from the fourth or fifth joint. XI. CHLAMYS.
aa. Antenne serrate from the sixth joint. XII. Exema.
XI.) Cunamys Knoch. 1801. (N&., ‘A cloak or mantle.’’)
Two species probably occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHLAMYS.
uv. Elytral intervals not or obsoletely punctate; length 4 mm.
2055. PLICATA.
ada. Elytral intervals closely and deeply punctate; length not over 3} mm.
CRIBRIPENNIS.
2054 (6601). CHLAMyYS PLICATA Fab., Ent. Syst.
Supp., 1798, 111.
Short, robust, oblong-quadrate. Brown,
bronzed; elytra and legs sometimes blackish.
Thorax with surface finely and densely strigose;
disk with «a large central tubercle which is
sparsely and coarsely punctured in front and bifid at
summit. Elytra each with 12 to 15 tubercles, the four
largest of which are arranged in an oblique row ex-
tending from humerus to suture; intervals between
the tubercles sparsely punctate, either flat or covered
with smaller tubercles. Length + mm. (Tig. 482.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in
Vie 482 a, larva; 6 same the southern counties. May 16-Septemher 22.
ae ee fm Oecurs on foliage of various kinds, usually that
tate.) of roadside weeds.
C. cribripennis Lee., length 3 mm., was deserihed from Detroit,
Michigan, and may oceur in northern Indiana.
1116 PAMIGY LIN.-—ClMRYSOMELID.E.
XIL Exema lac. 1849.
Two very small specics represent this genus in the eastern
United States, both of which oceur in Indiana.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EXEMA.
a. Dark cupreous, bronzed; thorax strigose, POS. DISPAR.
aa. Black without metallic lustre; thorax punctate. 2057. GIBBER.
2056 (6605a). Exemwa pispar Lac., Mon., IT, 1848, 850.
Oblong, subquadrate. Blackish, feebly bronzed; antennz and labrum
usually dull yellow. Thorax finely strigose, the crest of the median tuber-
cle suleate but not bifid. Elytra with tubercles as in ¢. plicata; intervals
with coarse, deep, rather close-set punctures. Prosternum concave. Length
2.5-3 nom.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 9-September 25. Taken
by sweeping herbage along roadsides.
2057 (6604). ExEeMa cipper Fabr., Suppl. Ent. Syst. 1798, 112.
Oblong-quadrate. Black, without lustre, often more or less spotted
with yellow; labrum and legs yellow. Thorax densely punctate, the crest
with a shallow median groove. Elytra with oblique oblong tubercles; in-
tervals coarsely and rather closely punctate. Prosternum flat. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Starke, Marshall, Putnam and Posey counties; rare. May 11-
June 18. Taken by sweeping.
Tribe VI. CRYPTOCEPHALINI.
To this tribe belong numerous small, robust, more or less eylin-
drical species having the antenn slender, filiform, longer than head
and thorax, rarely (J/onachius) shorter and subscrrate; thorax mar-
gined, as wide as elytra and closely applied to the latter; eves large,
more or less emarginate; elytra not tuberculate, marked with rows
of punctures, rather short, leaving the tip of abdomen exposed;
prosternum wide, separating the front coxx, which are rounded, not
prominent, their cavities enclosed behind; middle and hind coxx
each widely separated; tarsi dilated. claws usually simple, rarely
broadly dilated at base. The tribe is founded upon the genus
Cryptocephalus, of Geoffroy, a term meaning ‘‘cvoneealed head,”’
and given to these insects because the head is so deeply immersed in
the strongly convex thorax that it can be scarcely or not at all seen
when viewed from above. In color they are usually variegated with
various combinations of spots or stripes which are sometimes very
inconstant, so that numerous varictics have heen named.
Seven genera compose the tribe, all of which are represented in
the State. In addition to the papers cited under the family head-
ing, the following treat especially of these genera: ,
way oie _ ES. 1117
Haldeman, S. S—‘Cryptocephalinorum Borealis-Americe diag-
noses cum speviebus novis Musei Lecontiani,’? i Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1849, 245-265.
Suffrian, E—‘Monovraphie und Kritsches Verzeichniss der
Nordamerikanischen Crvptocephali,’’? i Linnea Entomlo-
gica VI, 1852, 198-318; VIT, 1855, 1-238; XII, 1858, 343-
409.
LeConte.— Contributions to the Coleoptera of the United
States,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 195-209.
KEY TO GENERA OF CRYPTOCEPILALINI.
a. Tarsal claws simple; larger, 3 or more mim.; surface sculpture rougher.
vb. Thorax not margined but crenulate at base; front femora not evi-
dently stouter than hind ones.
ec. Front edge of flank of thorax, beneath the antenne, toothed or
sinuate. XIIT. BASSAREUS.
ce, Front edge of flanks of thorax straight. XIV. CryprocEPHALUS.
bb. Thorax margined at base, not crenulate; front femora distinctly
stouter than hind ones.
d. Presternum flat in front, dey.ressed behind. XV. GRIBURIUS.
dd. Prosternum feebly channeled; rows of punctures of elytra usually
much confused. XVI. PACHYBRACHYS.
aa. Tarsal claws appendiculate, /. e., with a square dilatation at base;
smaller, less than 2.5 mm. (except in J/onuechus); surface much
smoother.
ce. Prosternum wider than long; form robust, rounded; antenne stout,
rather short. XVII. Monacuus.
ec, Prosternum longer than wide; form more elongate, cylindrical or
oval.
f. Antennal joints 6 to 11 wider; form cylindrical.
XVIII. Diacnus.
ff. Antennal joints 7 to 11 wider; form oval, convex.
XIX. TRIACHUS.
x
NII. Bassireus Hald. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘a fox.’’)
The members of this genus are separated from those of Crypto-
cephalus, which they most closely reseinble, by the character given
in key. The males have the prosternum armed at middle with a
large, erect compressed process; first ventral with a large flat plate
at middle, the hind angles of which rise into acute processes or
spines; fifth ventral broadly concave, with a crest of curved erect
hairs each side of iniddle. Female with fovea of fifth ventral large,
deep and circular. The following species and varieties have been
taken or should occur in the State.
1118 PAMILY LIl.-—CURYSOMELID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BASSAREUS,
.
a. Elytra with either spots or stripes.
b, Elytra each with two or more reddish, black, or yellow spots.
c. Spots on each elytron four or more.
d. Bdge of thoracic flanks, beneath the antenne, acutely toothed.
, 2058. CLATHRATUS.
dd. Bdge of thoracic flanks only feebly sinuate.
c. Elytra black or piceous, the spots yellow. 2059. FORMOSLS.
cc. Elytra yellow, the spots smaller, black.
2059a. var. SULPITURIPENNIS.
cc. Blytra each with two reddish spots.
f. Thorax uniform dull red, elytra darker. DETRITUS,
ff. Thorax black, sometimes, with yellow spots.
g. Elytra without a basal row of small, oblong, pale spots.
2060. SELLATUS.
gg. Elytra with a basal row of small, oblong yellow spots, the
outer two connected with the larger discal spot.
2061. MAMMIFER.
bb. Elytra with black and yellow stripes or with a single yellow spot
near apex.
h. Thorax in part or wholly black; upper surface dull.
i. Elytra with discal yellow stripes. 2062.) LITURATUS.
vi. Elytra without discal stripes.
j. Thorax and elytra with reddish-yellow margins.
2062a. var. RECURVUS.
ji. Thorax black with two red hasal spots; elytra with small
apical pale spot. var. CASTUS,
jij. Thorax wholly black; elytra as in var. castus.
2062b.) var. NIGER.
hh. Thorax wholly reddish-yellow, sometimes feebly infuscate at mid-
dle of disk; surface polished; elytra with two yellow stripes
: which unite at apex. 2063. LATIVITTIS.
aa. Blytra wholly yellow without spots or stripes.
2061a. yar. LUTEIPENNIS.
2058 (6606). BASSAREUS CLATHRATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
IIT, 1847, 178.
Short, robust, subeylindrical. Head and tho-
rax dull red, each with paler yellow spots, those on
thorax near front and hind angles (often confluent)
and two larger oblique basal ones; elytra blackish
or piceaus brown, each with anpex and three cross-
rows of spots. vellaw. the spots in basal rew elon-
gate, the others irregular or subquadrate ; femora
and base of antenne red: apical half of antennm.
libiee and tarsi blackish. Thorax finely and sparse-
Iy punetate. Elytra with rows of coarse, deep pe:
tures, the fifth and sixth rews much confused near
middle; alternate intervals wider and more cony
(Fig. 483.)
Fig, 483
ex. Length 3.8—5 mim.
VHE LEAF BEFRTI.ES. 1119
Lawrence, Martin and Knox counties; frequent. July 13—Au-
gust 2. This species is usually considered a synonym of congestus
Fab., but according to Knab the latter is a larger species with
rough thorax, found in Georgia and Florida.
2059 (6608). Bassarevus rormosts Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1847, 173.
Resembles the preceding very closely, and probably only a variety of
it. Distinguished by the absence of a tooth on the front edge of the side
pieces of prosternum. The color in typical specimens is black spotted with
yellow, exactly as in clathratus. In most specimens, however, the color is
dull red spotted with yellow, as there. The punctuation of elytra is finer,
the rows on sides less confused. Length 3.7-5 mm.
Lake, Fountain, Putnam and Knox counties; scarce. June 15-
August 2. Beaten from the foliage of wild grape and elder.
2059a (6608a). BASSAREUS FORMOSUS SULPHURIPENNIS Melsh., Proc. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT, 1847. 173.
Form of clathratus. Head and thorax black, marked with yellow as in
that species. Elytra pale yellow, each with a basal and median cross-row
of three oblong black spots, and two similar spots near apex, the inner
basal and median spot sometimes connected; under surface black; legs and
base of antenne dull red. Thorax and elytra punctate as in clathratus.
Length 3.5-4.5 mm.
Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties; scarce. June 17—July 8.
B. detritus Oliv., is recorded from the ‘‘ Atlantic States.”’
2060 (6610a). BaAsSSAREUS SELLATUS Suffr., Linn. Ent., VI, 1852, 307.
Robust, subeylindrical. Black, feebly shining; elytra each with a me-
dian and apical reddish spot, the former extending from margin nearly to
suture; head of female spotted with white; antennz dull yellow at base.
Thorax finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with impressed rows of coarse
punctures, the 5th, 6th and 7th rows confused on the front pale spot. Length
4.5-5.5 mm.
Lake, Steuben, Blackford and Lawrence counties; scarce. June
24- July 29. Occurs on the flowers of Jersey tea.
2061 (6610). BasSaREUS MAMMIFER Newm., Entom. Mag.. IV, 1840, 250.
Form of sellatus. Head lhlack, with yellow spots; thorax black, with
parrow front margin, wider side margins and two rounded spots near base,
yellow; elytra black. each with a basal row of small oblong spots, a large
spot near middle, reaching nearly to suture and connecting with outer two
basal spots, and an apical sput, reddish-yellow ; under surface black; legs
piceous. Elytra punctate asin sellatus. but the punctures less coarse, Length
3.5-4.5 mm.
Steuben, Laporte, Vigo and Harrison counties; scarce. June 11-
July 15.
[71—23402]
1120 FAMILY LIl.4—CHRYSOMELID.
2061a (6610c). BASSAREUS MAMMIFER LUTEIPENNIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., IIT, 1847. 172.
A variety of mamimifcer in which the elytra are wholly dull yellow, with
the exception of a minute dot on humerus and a very narrow sutural line
which are black. Length 3.5 mm.
Known from the State hv a single specimen in the Woleott col-
lection, taken near Hessville, Lake County. July 4.
2062 (6612). BASSAREUS LITURATUS Fab., Syst. Hleut., I[, 1801, 50.
Short, robust, subcylindrieal. Head black; thorax reddish-yellow, with
three black spots, the middle one larger; elytra each with a yellow stripe
along the broad third interval, which unites at apex with another similar
submarginal stripe, and a short stripe at base on fifth interval. Thorax
smooth, its flanks obtusely toothed under the antenne. Elytra with regu-
lar rows of deep punctures, the fifth and sixth confused near middle. Length
3.5-4 mm.
Tele County: rare. May 29.
2Ob2a (66120). BASSAREUS LITURATUS RECURVUS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., III, 1823, 439; ibid. II, 210.
A color variety of l/turatus having the head black; thorax with a large
black spot on disk which reaches base but not apex; elytra black with only
a small reddish spot near apex or with the outer margins also narrowly
reddish-yellow. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-August 2. Taken by
sweeping roadside herhage and beating hickory. Forms oceur hav-
ing the bedy wholly black except the small reddish spot at apex of
clytra. These may be known as var. niger (2062h),
2063 (6612b). BASSAREUS LATIVITTIS Germ., Ins. Spee. Nov., 1824, 5358.
Form of liturutus. Head and thorax wholly reddish-yellow ; elytra
with stripes as in Uituratus; under surface, legs and antenne black. Length
34 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent. May 28—June 26. Occurs on
flowers of yellow puccoon, J ersey tea and foliage of hickory. Said
by Knab to be a distinct spevies, but the differences, except in color
of head and thorax, between it and Jiluratus are very slight,
a ba 1 , 5 5 ¥ fot be ’
NIV. Cryprocernanus Geoff, 1764. (Gr., **coneealed + head.’’)
A large genus of compact, subeylindrical forms having the tho-
rax not margined at base, the front edge of its flanks or deflexed
portion straight; head in repose wholly hidden within the thorax:
male without the modifications of prosternum and first ventral as
mentioned under Bassarcus: tarsal claws sinple. The following
species and varictics have been or should be found im the State.
HE LEAF BEETLES. ji2i
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOCEPHALUS.
a. Elytra black, each with a humeral and apical reddish spot.
b. Surface finely pubescent above and beneath. 2OU4. BASAEIS.
bb. Surface above glabrous and shining.
c. Larger, 4-5 mm.: humeral spot of elytra usually extending nearly
or wholly across the base. 2065. QUADRIMACULATUS.
ce, Smaller, 2.5-3.5 mm.; humeral spot oblong, a little wider behind.
POGG. QUADRUPLEX.
aa. Elytra not black, or if so without distinct humeral and apical spots.
d. Prosternum with an apical lobe or cusp, longer in male than in fe-
male,
e. Elytra with numerous spots.
f. Thorax reddish; elytra each with seven spots.
2067. GUTTULATUS.
ff. Thorax yelluw, with black or brown stripes; elytra with spots
more or less united to form bands. 2068. LEUCOMELAS.
cc, Elytra without distinct spots.
g. Elytra yellow, each with two broad, oblique black or brown
stripes. one of these sometimes absent. 2069, VENUSTCS,
gg. Elytra black with sides and apical margin yellow.
2060a. var, CINCTIPENNIS.
ed, Preosternum breadly truncate in front in both sexes.
h. Thorax smooth or finely punctured.
i. Elytra with three narrow. sometimes ill-defined, stripes.
j. Thorax densely punctured, marked with three brown stripes
or spots; length 3.5-4.3 mm. 2070, TRIVITTATUS.
jj. Thorax sparsely punctured, usually without spots; length 3-
3.5 mm. INSERTUS.
ii. Blytra with spots or cross-bands.
k. Larger, 4-7 mm.; elytra pale yellow, with three interrupted
brown bands. 2071. MUTABILIS,
kk. Smaller, 83-4.2 mm.: elytra brown with yellow spots.
2072. BADIUS.
hh. Thorax very coarsely punctured.
1. Dull yellow; elytra with three broad, ill-defined reddish bands;
larger, 3-4.5 mm. 2073. TINCTUS.
UW. Toul reddish-yellow ; elytra with dusky suture; smaller, 2 mm.
STRIATULUS.
2064 (G6123). CRYPTOCEPHALUS BASALIS Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VII, 1853, 54.
Robust. cylindrical. Black, shining; elytra with a red spot on hu-
inerus which extends across the base and along the sides to middle and
anather on apex. Thorax finely and densely punctured. I[slytra with ten
regular rows of large punctures. -Hind margin of prosternum nearly trun-
eate. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Spencer County; rare. May 24. Beaten from oak shrubs.
Known heretofore only from Kansas and Texas. Listed as C. mu-
coreus Lee. Resembles quadrimaculatus, but larger and distin-
guished by the pubescence of elytra and the dense punctures of
thorax.
1122 PAMILY LIll.——CHURYSOMELID.E.
2065 (6614). CRYPTOCEPHALUS QUADRIMACULATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., IIT, 1824, 441; ibid. IT, 210.
Robust, cylindrical. Black, shining; elytra with an oblong reddish hu-
meral spot often extending across the base and along the sides to middle,
and another rounded one (rarely wanting) at apex; base of antenne pale.
Head coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax very finely and sparsely
punctured. Elytra with ten regular rows of coarse punctures. Length 4—
5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 11-J uly 21. Occurs on
flowers of Jersey tea and foliage of various shrubs. Varies with
the humeral spot extending along the sides to join the one at apex;
also with the humeral spot small, the apical one wanting, and rarely
(fulvipennis Hald.) with the elytra wholly orange yellow. Our
most common form, with red spot extending across the base, is var.
notatus Fab., and should, according to priority, bear that specific
name.
2066 (6617). CRYPTOCEPHALUS QUADRUPLEX Newm., Entom., 1840, 78.
Smaller and more slender. Humeral spot oblong, a lit-
tle wider behind (in var. quadriguttulus Suffr. reaching to
middle of sides), apical spot rounded; antenne dusky, base
yellowish. Elytral rows of punctures very coarse. Length
2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 484.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-July 6.
Taken by sweeping and beating various plants. The
Fig. 484. x 5, : E ‘ ;
(After Riley.) Varlety mentioned is much the more common in the
State.
2067 (6619). CRYPTOCEPHALUS GUTTULATUS Oliv., Ent., VI, 1808, 815.
Short, robust, cylindrical. Reddish; elytra blackish or reddish-brown,
each with seven rounded yellow spots, arranged 2, 2, 2, 1, the last one at
apex; sometimes a small additional spot on humerus; apical portion of an-
tenn black. Thorax smooth. Elytra with rows of rather coarse, distant
punctures, the 6th and 7th rows confused near the middle. Length 4-
5.5 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. June 17-July 4. Beaten
from white oak. The male is much the smaller and has the ground
color of elytra black.
2008 (6622). CryProcerHALUS LEUCOMELAS Suffr.. Linnea. Entom., VIT.
1853, 36.
Short, robust, subcylindrical. Above yellow; thorax with four black
or dark brown stripes; elytra with three dark cross-bands, the front one
the broader, the other two broken into spots; under surface and legs black-
ish or reddish-brown. Thorax finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra
with rows of coarse punctures, the sixth and seventh much confused in
front of middle. Length 4-5 mm.
Vife LEAF BEETLES. 1123
Wells, Putnam. Knox and Posey counties; searee. June 1+
September 11. Occurs on poplar.
2069 (6628). CrYPTOCEPHALUS VENUSTUS Fabr., Ent. Svst.. IT, 1792. 42.
Robust, subeylindvical. Head and thorax reddish-brown,
the latter with sides narrowly and two oblique basal spots
yellow ; color of elytra as given in key; under surface and
legs reddish brown. Thorax finely and rather closely punc-
tate. Elytra with regular rews of rather fine punctures.
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 485.)
Throughout the State; common. May 25-August
2. Occurs on the nowers of ‘‘white-top’’ ' Erigeron)
in timothy meadows. also on those of ironweed, wild Fig 48. * 5
sans : (After Wickham.)
sweet potato, etc. Varies greatly in color, the thorax
heing often entirely reddish (var. ornatus Fab.) or the elytra black
with sidcs, narrow line at suture and basal spot vellow (var. hama-
tus Melsh.)
2069a (6628c). CRYPTOCEPHALUS VENUSTUS CINCTIPENNIS Rand., Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist., II, 1838. 45.
A color variety of renustus having the elytra black, with narrow mar-
ginal line, apex, and rarely the suture, yellow. Length 4-5 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. June 16-August 12. Occurs
especially on foliage of dwarf birch. Betula punrlu L., along the
borders of marshes.
2OTO (6637). CRYPTOCEPHALUS TRIVITTATUS Oliv.. Ent.. VI, Ts0s. S24.
Smaller. subcvlindrical. Reddish-brown; thorax yellow, with three
rather wide brown stripes; elytra brownish-yellow, each with an oblique
stripe on side and very narrow margin brown: als> with a colmmon sutural
stripe and a shert stripe or oblong spot at base of fourth interval. brown.
Sixth and seventh rows of elytral punctures interrupted and confused.
Prosternum nearly flat, strongly margined at sides. acutely bilobed behind.
Length 3.5-4 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 30.0 Qcewrs on hazel.
C. insertus Hald., thorax reddish-brown with sides yellow; ely-
tra yellow, with two broad oblique black stripes: length 4.2 mm., is
a southern form recorded from Cincinnati.
2071 (6640). CrYPTOCEPHALUS MUTABILIS Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei., ITT, 1847. 172.
Robust, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining; thorax with apical
and side margins narrowly yeliow. with or without two oblique basal spots:
elytra pale yellow with a large. common brown spet extending backward
along the suture; each also with six or seven small brown spots arranged
three in a basal row, one or two near middle and two near apex. Thorax
112-4 FAMILY LII.-——CIRYSOMELID.E.
finely, sparsely and shallowly punctured. Elytral punctures rather fine
and distant, the sixth and seventh rows more or less confused. Prosternum
emarginate and acutely toothed behind. Length 4-6 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 10-August 21. Occurs
on foliage of birch and hazel, on flowers of spirwa, Jersey tea, ete.
The male has the spots of thorax and elytra black.
2072 (6642). CRyYPTOCEPHALUS BADIUS Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VI, 1852, 315.
Smaller, robust, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining; thorax some-
times with apical and side margins and hind angles yellow; elytra darker
brown marked with yellow as follows: a basal band of confluent spots
reaching to sixth stria, a submarginal spot at middle, an interrupted sub-
apical band and an apical spot. Thorax very finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra with rows of rather coarse impressed punctures, the sixth to eighth
interrupted and obliquely connected. Prosternum deeply emarginate and
acutely lobed behind. Length 34.2 mm.
Posey County; scarce, July 6—July 9. Known from Pennsyl-
vania and Kentucky.
2078 (G644). CRYPTOCEPHALUS TINCTUS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1880, 203.
Small, subceylindrical. Dull brownish or reddish-yellow ; elytra with
three broad, reddish cross-hands, narrowly and vaguely separated by paler
yellow. Thorax very coarsely and densely punctured. Strive of elytra
deep, coarsely punctured, the seventh and eighth slightly irregular near
middle. Length 38-4 mm.
A single spevimen in Woleott collection taken near Hessville,
Lake County. September 25, Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas
and Florida.
C. striatulus Lee., elytral strive regular, was described from
northern Tllinois.
XV. Gripvrivs Hald. 1849,
Rather robust species resembline the preceding in form and gen-
eral appearance, but having the thorax distinetly margined behind,
the prosternuin flat in front and depressed behind, and the front
thighs distinctly stouter than the hind ones. One species has been
taken in the State and another probably occurs,
2071 (6649). Grinurtus SCUTELLARTS Fab., Syst. Eleut., IT, 1801, 54.
Robust, subeylindrieal, Black, shining; side margins and small spot
on disk of tharax, scufellum, median transverse and rounded apical spots
of elytra yellows base of Antenne, spol on sides of first, fourth and fifth
ventral segments and legs also yellow. ‘Thorax coarsely and sparsely pune-
tured, and with an oblique impression each side near Dase, Elytra with
rows of tine, rather distant and fecbly impressed punetures, Length 5.5 mim.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1125
Vigo County; rare. June 11. Taken from flowers of Jersey
tea. Dury has taken G. egues/ris Oliv. near Cincinnati. It has
the elytra vellow, with black spots and the thorax sparsely punc-
tured.
XVI. Pacnysracnys Chev. 1s34. (Gr. ‘‘thiek = short.’’)
To this eenus helong a large number of small, compact. subeylin-
drical spevies having the basal marginal line of thorax distinct:
prosternum feebly channeled; inner rows of elytral punctures usu-
ally completely confused. the outer ones tortuous or irregular, sepa-
rated by more or less interrupted ridges; front thighs distinetly
stouter than hind ones. A number of the species vary greatly in
color and merge from one form gradually into another, so that they
are very difficult to classify. Of the 50 er more species known
from the United States, the following have been taken in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PACHYBRACHYS.
a. Upper surface uniform black. densely punctured.
b. Upper surface pubescent: punctures of elytra everywhere much con-
fused: size larger, 44.5 mn. PUTS. MOROSUS.
bb. Upper surface glabrous.
c. Punctures of elytra mostly in distinet rows; smaller, 2.5-3.5 min.
2076, CARBONARIUS.
ec. Punctures confused ever the greater part of surface; length 3.2-
+ mm. S0Siwv, var. SIGRiINUS,
aa. Upper surface not uniform black.
d. Colors of upper surface definitely arranved.
e. Thorax and elytra black. each with narrow ivory-white nreurginal
lines. 2077. ELEGANS.
ec. Disk of thorax or elytra with spots or stripes.
f. Elytra with stripes; colors yellow and black or brown.
g. Elytra with rows of punctures in great part well defined.
h. Thorax yellow with an M-shaped brown spt (rarely black
with narrow. pale margins): elytra with suture and two
broad stripes on each, black. SNTR, LITreiosrs,
hh. Thorax black with margins and narrow median line from
front edge to middle, yellow. 2079. OTHONUS.
gq. Elytral punetures confused. the two outer rows distinct; ely-
tra yellow with suture. broad oblique stripe. narrow outer
margin and three spots on sides, black. | 2080. BIVITTATUS.
ff. Thorax or elytra with spots.
i. Colors black and red: rows of elytral punctures very irregular
at sides and behind middle: thorax black, usually with mar-
gins and two basal spots red. 2081. TRINOTATUS,
ii. Colors black and yellow.
1126 PAMILY LEE CURYSOMELID.
j. Thorax Dlack with margins and (hree discal spots yellow ;
lerger, 3.5) $ tm, 2OS2. M-NIGRUM.
jj. Thorax yellow with cither a Y-sliiped or an entire oblong
median spot and a snudier rounded one each side, bhack ;
smaller, not over 5 in. 2OS3. TRIDENS,
dd. Colors of upper surface irregularly mottled.
k. Wlytva with well defined though sinuous rows of punctures over
most of the surface,
1. Outer three or four clytral intervals entire, whitish, in strong
contrast with the rows of black punctures; thoracie punctures
‘ach side of iniddle separated by nore than their own dinine-
ters, their intervals not alutaceous, 2USd. ABDOMINALIS.
HW. Outer intervals broken into oblong whitish spots; thoracie punc-
tures crowded, their intervals finely alutaccous.
2085, ATOMARIUS.
kh. Hlytral punctures mostly confused, complete striae visible only on
the sides.
m, Sides of thorax strongly rounded and incurved near the base, tbe
hind angles obtusely rounded; prosternum deeply coneave
lengthwise; upper surface densely and very strongly punctured.
wm. Thorax usually with margins and median line red; elytra mot-
tled with small, white dots, the punctures confused over most
of the surface; legs black with yellow spots; size 3.2-4 mm.
2086. LURIDUS.
wu. Thorax black with narrow margins yellow, its punctures fine
and dense; legs and last ventral wholly yellow: smaller,
2.5 mm, POST. SPLCTICUS.
mim. Sides of thorax obliquely, broadly rounded ov straight, net in-
curved behind; prosternum flat, searcely concave, not narrower
behind.
vo. Punctures of elytra uniform in size: two strise visible at sides;
dull clay yellow clonded with brown. 2088S. IEPATICUS.
vo. Puneturves of elytra more ar less irregular; striw visible at
sides and behind.
bp. Colors red and black.
q. Wlytra lack with a brond, irregular bind from the side
almost to suture, red. 2OSO, SUREASCIATUS,
qq. Elytva with broader and paler red band extending from
side to side. 2089. VAT. DILATATUS,
pp. Colors yellow, brow ov black, Tnottled,
rm Upper surface black with scattered white or yellow miark-
ings.
s. Thoracie punctures each side of middle coarse, separated
by more (han their diameters, theiv intervals distinetly
alutaceous; legs Wholly pale, POND, PECCANS.
Thoracie punetares crowded, their juteryals not or very
finely alutaceous.
f. Punetures of thorax coarser and iore uneven; elytra
Without an isolated round white spot at middle neni
suture,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1127
u. Elstra with very few white dots: legs wholly black.
SOV. IXEAUSITS.
ud. Elytra with numerous oblong white spaces. arranged
in two more or less evident crossbars; legs in part
pale. 2002, FEMORATUS.
tft. Punctures of thorax very fine and even, their intervals
minutely alutaceous; elytra with rounded white spot
at middle near suture. 2093. CONFUSUS.
rr. Upper surface in great part brownish-yellow with black
markings; punctures of thorax fine and dense.
2004, SPUMARIUS.
2075 (6655). PacHyBRACHYS mMoRosts Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
T, 1849, 260.
Subeylindrical, robust. Black. subopaque; antennze and legs reddishi-
brown. Thorax with dense. cuarse. sieve-like punctures. Elytral punctures
everywhere confused: humeral umbone prominent, nearly smooth; surface
pubescent in fresh specimens. Length 44.5 mm.
St. Joseph County; rare. June 1.
2OTO (OGSS5), PACHYBRACHYS CARBONARIUS Hald.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci. I. 1S45. 260,
Sinaller and Jess robust than morosus. Uniform black. opaque; an-
tenn and tarsi sometimes piceous. ‘Thorax finely, densely and deeply punc-
tate: hind angles obtuse, not rounded. Elytra with distinct rows of coarse
punctures, except near scutellum, where they are somewhat confused. Length
20-80 Mn.
Lake, Vigo. Lawrence. Martin and Orange counties, scarce;
probably throughout the State. -Iune 2-July 11. Taken in beat-
ing oak and sweeping herbage.
2077 (——). PaACHYBRACHYS ELEGANS sp. NOV.
Subcylindrical, robust. Black. shining; thorax with a narrow ivory
’ white line near the side margins. the edge black; elytra each witb a similar
line. and also with the margin or upper portion of each epipleural Iobe
white from humerus to middle. Thorax with dense oval, rather coarse
punetures which are substrigose on the sides. Elytra with regular rows
of deep. rather coarse punctures. these near the suture contusel. Under
surface, except abdomen, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Length
3.5 iam.
Marshall County: rare. June 24. Beaten from hazel.
2078 (6659). PacHYBRACHYS Litigiosts Suffr.. Linn. Entom., VIT, 1853.
21
Subcylindrical, robust. Brown or black: legs. thorax and elytra yel-
low; thorax with brown ~pots. the middle one divided in frent and united
with the ones on sides to form a dark M: elytra with sutural and two dis-
cal stripes on each dark, the inner one the shorter; these may be confluent
and s widened that the light c-lor is reduced to mere lines, in which case
1128 FAMILY LIMl.—CHRYSOMELIDAG.
the thorax is usualiv wholly black except narrow pale margins. Thorax
closely and finely punctured. Rows of elytral punctures distinct on mid-
dle and sides, confused near suture. Length 2.5-3.5 mim.
Floyd County; rare. June 23.
2079 (3662). PACHYBRACHYS OTHONUS Say, Amer. Ent., II, 1825, Pl. 28;
ibid. I, 66.
Subeylindrical, robust. Black; head with labrum and three spots on
front yellow; elytra with a common sutural stripe and two broad ones each
side, black; legs and ventral margins yellow; antennze dusky. Thorax
nearly three times wider than long, densely and rugosely punctured. Length
3.o-4+ mm.
Throughout the State; freqrent. June 1—July 30. Taken hy
sweeping herhage along roadsides.
2OSO (——). PACHYBRACHYS BIVITTATUS Say. Amer. Ent., I, 1824. 64; ibid.
I, 65.
Subevlindrieal, robust. Head, thorax, legs and under
surface except meso- and metathorax. reddish. Cclor of ety-
tra given in key; pygidium and margins of last ventral seg-
ments vellow. Thorax smetimes with sides. median line
and basal spots yellow, its surface rather sparsely, coarsely
and deeply punctured. Length $.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 486.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 16-June 16.
Occurs on leaves of peppermint and grass in low,
Fig. 485 «6 mnioist localities. Listed as wduatus Fabr., which is a
(Alter Wickham. )
larger species occurring in the Southern States.
2081 (6671). DPAacHYBRACHYS TRINOTATUS Melsh.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., ITI, 1847, 170.
Short, subcylindrical, robust. Black, opaque; head with two red spots
between the eyes; thorax with narrow front and side margins, two large
hasal spots, and a median line from apex to near middle, reddish. Thorax
strongly convex, very evenly, deeply and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra
coarsely and very irregularly punctured. Length 4-5 mm.
Putnam ond Pesey counties; rare. -Inme 24—July 9. Oecurs on
flowers of Jersey tea.
POS2 (CCT2). PACHYRRACITYS M-NIGRUM Melsh.. loc. cit.
Subeylndrical, robust. Black, opaque: thorax with front and side mar-
gins, median line or spot near apex, and two basal spots, yellow; elytra
with basal and apicnl margins, a space around humerus. two small smooth
spots near suture and a large submarginal space on-sides, pale yellow: legs
spotted with yellow. Thorax rather densely and coarsely punctured. Ely-
tra with humeral umbone, prominent, smooth: rows of punctures very
irregular, excepting behind the middle, Length 3.5-4 mm.
Lake and Laporte counties; rare. June 4—June 24. Taken by
sweeping herbage. The black markines on thorax resemble the
letter M.
THE LEAF BEBTLES. 1129
2083 (6675). PACHYBRACIIYS TRIDENS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
IL, 1847, 172.
Short, subcylindrical, less robust. Head yellow; ver-
tex, and often a spot on front,. black; color of thorax
given in key; elytra yellow, with a large, common, black
cruciform spot on disk, this wider at bave, much nar-
rowed at middle, and again widened on apical third, so
us to form a common crosshar; each also with narrow ¢
marginal line and humeral spot, black; under surface
black; antennee aud legs vellow, the hind thighs often
with black spot. Thorax sparsely and rather coarsely .
punctured. Elytra with well defined though sinuous rows sig 487 x 9
of coarse punctures. Length 2-3 mm. (Tig. 487.) cOnginal )
Throughout the State; common. May 25-August 2. Occurs on
foliage of hickory and elm and on that of many herbs alone road-
sides. The color varies greatly. The yellow is sometimes pale,
sometimes dirty brownish in hue; the dark spots vary from black to
dull brown. The median spot of thorax is sometimes Y-shaped,
again oblong, and rarely more or less merged with those on sides;
while the elytra may be black with only a narrow median line of
yellow, or ycllow with only the diseal spot and three spots on sides
black. The sparsely punctured thorax and yellow legs will serve to
distinguish it from spwmarius and other closely allied forms.
2084 (6660). PACIIYBRACHLYS ABDOMINALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., TIT, 1824, 427; ibid. If, 203.
Form and size of the preveding. Head and thorax dull gravish-yellow,
irregularly clouded with markings formed by Dlack punetures. Elytral in-
tervals grayish-white and prominent on the sides, the rows of punctures
black; the latter confused and intervats much broken on disk near suture ;
under surface black; sides of abdomen and pygidium marked with paler;
legs pale, the femora with a dark spot on middle. Thorax rather coarsely
and irregularly punctate, the raised, smooth, gray or dull yellow spaces
varying much in size and shape. Length 2-3 mm.
Northern third of State, frequent; not taken south of Marshall
end Kosciusko counties. May 12—-June 30. Taken by sweeping
herbage in low, moist places.
Pash (6690). PAcHYBRACHYS ATOMARIUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., III, 1847, 170.
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, mottled with whitish ; front mostly white ;
antennz fuscous, the three basal joints paler; thorax black, with the nar-
row margins and three or four small, scattered spots, whitish; elytra with
numerous elongate spaces of the broken intervals whitish; under surface
black, the legs varied with white. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lake, Marshall and St. Joseph counties; scarce. May 29-
June 11.
1130 PAMILY LMIL—CURYSOMELID.®.
POSG (GGSO). Pach yBRACHYS LURIDUS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 45.
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, subopaque; thorax with sides and a
narrow median line usually red; elytra with a line at base and usually a
number of oblong spaces on the broken intervals dull yellow: antenne red-
dish-hrown at base. dusky at apex; femora often with a yellow spot. Tho-
rax densely, coarsely and deeply punctured, often with a portion of a smooth
median line; hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytra with coarse, confused
punctures over the greater part of the surface, the rows visible only on sides
and behind middle. Length 3.2-4 min.
Throughout the State; scarce. June 1-—July 9. Occurs on
Howers of Jersey tea and on follage of the false indigo, Baptisia
leucantha T. & G. The elytra, and sometimes the entire body, are
wholly black. In the latter instance the name var. niqrinus (2086a)
is herewith given to distinguish them from the other black species,
morosus and carbonarius. The punctures of thorax are much
coarser than in the latter.
2087 (——). PActlyBRACIYS STICTICUS Sp. LOY.
Slender, subeylindrical. Dull black, mottled with yellowish; front dull
yellow, with a median black line; antenna yellow, the outer joints fuscous ;
thorax with very narrow margins, a median elongate dash and three or
four minute spots each side dull yellow; elytra with a narrow basal line,
extending fram humerus to and back of seutellum and two backward spurs
from same, dull yellow ; also with numerous clongate marks on apieal third
and a Jarger spot at apex. yellowish: under surface black, the legs and last
ventral yellow. Elytral intervals very narrow and much broken : punctures
minute, crowded, their intervals finely alutaceous ; humeral umbone proni-
nent, shining black. Length 2.5 mm.
Floyd County; rare. June 2s,
20SS (6007) PACHYBRACIIYS HEPATICUS Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
III, 1847, 171.
Subcylindrical, moderately robust. Above dull clay yellow, more or less
clouded with brownish; elytra usually with a brown spot on each humerus
and four or five similar spots on apical third, of which a common sutural
one is the largest; under surface reddish-brown. Thorax rather coarsely,
closely and evenly punctured. Elytra coarsely and evenly punctate without
strite except two near margin each side, Prosternum flat, truneate at apex.
Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lake County; rave. July 1. Probably oeeurs throughout the
State, as it has heen taken at Cincinnati,
2089 (6698). PACHYBRACTIYS stprascrarus Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. ist. 1
1824. 173.
Short, subeylindrical, Black, feehly shining: thorax with sides and
often a dorsal spot reddish; elytra with a median angulate reddish band
extending from sides almost to suture and often a smaller spot near apex.
tom wow. uvEETLES. 1131
Thorax densely punctured, the hind angles almost rounded. Elytra with
sinuous rows of punctures and conyex intervals at sides and behind middle,
confusedly punctured on basal half. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
Marshall, Vermillion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 11-
June 14.
2089a (6701). PsacHYBRACHYS SUBFASCIAIUS DILATATUS Suffr., Linnea.
Entom.. VIT, 1853. 162.
Very similar to the preceding but broader. Elytra with median band
covering more than one-third the length and often sending a spur forward
to the scutellum. Punctures of elytra almost everywhere confused; inter-
vals nearly obsolete except on apical third. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Orange and Posey counties; scarce. May 13-—June4. Taken by
sweeping herbage in low places.
2090 (6691). PacHybracuys peccaNns Suffr., Linn. Ent.. VIT, 1853. 192.
Short. subeylindrical. Black, shining: head with three or four spots
and labrum yellow; thorax with narrow marginal line and two or three
irregular smooth spots yellow; elytra with a line at base and along sides,
an irregular space at apex and a number of scattered dots. pale yellow;
pygidium in great part yellow. Thorax sparsely and coarsely punctured.
Elytra with three or four irregular rows of coarse punctures, the others
much confused. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Marshall and Crawford counties: rare? May 26—June 10. Oc-
curs on leaves of hickory. Its general range is southern.
2091 (6692). PacHYBRACHYS INFAUSTUS Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
I, 1849, 262.
Short. subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; head often with labrum
and a curved line in front of each eye dull vellow; thorax wholly black or
with a few minute. smooth whitish dots; elytra usually with a number of
smooth, oblong yellowish spaces, these sometimes reduced to mere white
dots or points; front and middle femora with a white spot at apex. Tho-
rax with rough, coarse. sieve-like punctures. Elytra with coarse punctures.
confused except on apical third. Length 2-3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 26—-August 2. Occurs
on foliage of the greater ragweed. wahoo and other plants.
2092 (6691). PACHYBRACHYS FEMORATTUS Oliv., Ins.. VI. 1808, $10.
Robust, subcylindrical. Black, with numerous dull yellow marks; front
black, with a narrow yellow line near the eyes: thorax with three or four
large, irregular yellow blotches; elytra with intervals broken near middle
and at apical third into oblong white spaces which form two crossbars, also
with similar spaces near apex; pygidium with white marks; under surface
black. Elytral junctures everywhere confused. Length 2.6-3 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. July 4-July 29.
1132 PAMILY LIUI.—CHRYSOMELID.#.
2093 (——). PACHYBRACHYS CoNFUsUS Bowd., Can. Ent., XI, 1909, 320.
Ltather robust. Black with yellow markings; front black with two yel-
low triangular spots between the eyes and an irregular quadrate spot be-
tween the antenne; thorax with front angles, narrow marginal line, a me-
dian line to middle and a small spot each side at base, yellow; elytra with
basal line as in sticticus and numerous rounded, scattered raised spaces,
whitish; under surface and legs black, spots on thighs and rings on tibie
pale. Thorax with surface very smooth and even, the punctures and inter-
vals as described in key. Hlytral punctures everywhere confused. Length
2-24 Hn,
Knox County; scarce. August 2. Swept from vegetation near
margin of evpress swamp. Described from Mississippi and Vir-
ginia. A member of the Austroriparian fauna.
2094 (6695). PACHYBRACHYS SPUMARIUS Suffr., Linn. Ent., VII, 1853, 179.
Short, robust; subquadrate. Head black, with labrum and two curved
lines between the eyes brownish-yellow; thorax and elytra brownish-yel-
low, irregularly clouded with markings formed by black punctures; the
black on thorax forming a vague Y-shaped figure on disk, with an irregular
space each side. Punctures of elytra in sinuous rows on apical half, else-
where much confused; the ridges broken and irregular, the remnants in
part dull yellow. Length 3-3:5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 24—\ugust 3. Occurs
on flowers of wild hydrangea and Jersey tea.
NVIT. Monacuus Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘single.’’)
Small, broadly oval and convex species, having the eyes strongly
emarginate; antenne rather long with joints 6-11 broader; seutel-
lum elongate, acutely triangular, not elevated behind; prosternum
flat, broader than long, slightly rounded behind. The females have
the fifth ventral segment impressed with a laree, circular, rather
deep fovea. Two of the five species oecur in the State.
KEY TO TILE INDIANA SPECIES OF MONACHUS.
a. Thorax smooth, opaque; color nearly black. 2095, ATER,
aa, Thorax with punctures near the base: color steel blue.
2096. SAPONATUS.
2095 (8702). Monacuus aver Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. I, 1849,
264.
Oval. Black, shining; thorax very dark blue; labrum and base of an-
tenn dull yellow. Elytral rows of punctures less distinct than in the next.
Length 2.5-3 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; less so in the southern counties.
nate 16—Auegust 15, Oceurs on foliage of milkweed and other
erpds,.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1133
2096 (6703). Monacnius saponatts Iabr., Syst. Bleut., II, 1801, 55.
Ovate. Dark steel blue, shining; labrum and four basal joints of an-
tepne dull yellow. Thorax with seattered shallow punctures near the base.
Elytral punctures coarse on basal half, finer and subobsolete near apex.
Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 29-August 15. Taken
hy heating and sweeping foliage.
XVITI. Diacuus Lee. 1880.
Very small, subcylindrical oval species, having the tarsal claws
broader at base; antenne not more than half the length of body,
with joiats 6 to 11 broader; eves feebly emarginate; thorax as wide
rs elytra; prosternum usually quadrate and flat.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIACHUS.
a. Ilead and thorax dark metallic; scutellum obtusely triangular.
b. Upper surface not uniform blue.
e. Scutellum flat; head and thorax dull reddish-brown; elytra brassy
green; legs yellow. 2097. AURATUS.
cee, Scutellum elevated behind; upper surface dark bluish-green; an-
tennse and legs reddish-brown. 2009S. CATARIUS.
bb. Upper surface uniform blue; antennie and legs yellow.
2099. PALLIDICORNIS.
aa, Head and thorax yellow; elytra metallic green; scutellum acutely tri-
angular. 2100. CHLORIZANS.
2097 (G70T). Diacnus AURATUS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., IT, 1801, 57.
Oval, subcylindrical. Head and thorax reddish-brown, bronzed; elytra
brassy green or brownish; antenne, legs, sides and under surface of thorax
dull yellow; abdomen black. Thorax very finely alutaceous. Rows of ely-
tral punctures fine but complete. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 31-August 7. Taken by
sweeping and beating.
2008 (6712). Driacuts caTaARIUsS Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VIT, 1852, 6s,
Form of auratus. Dark bluish-green, shining. Antenne, legs nnd pro-
sternum dull yellow. Thorax distinctly alutacecus. Vunctures of elytra
coarser than in euratus. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Knox counties; searce. June
11-July 15.
2009 (6713). DIACHUS PALLIDICORNIS Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VIT, 1853.
Oval, subeylindrieal Dark steel-blue, shining; antennie and legs yel-
low. Thorax finely alutaceous, not punctured. Elytral punctures rather
coarse. Length 2—2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 1J1—July 6. Taken by
heating and sweeping foliage.
1134 FAMILY LIW.—CURYSOMELID.E.
2100 (6714). DracHuUs cHLorizAns Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VII, 1853, 76.
Oval, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and legs yellow, shining. Elytra
metallic green. Rows of elytral punctures entire. Length 2 mn.
Lawrence and Harrison counties; rare. June 24.
XIX. Triacuus Lee. 1880.
Here belong the smallest of Chrysomelids, none of them being
over 1.5 mm. in length. ‘They are oval in form and have the claws
widely dilated; antenne about half as long as body, with the last
five joints wider; eyes feebly emarginate; prosternum flat, quad-
rate, margined at sides, truncate behind; elytral strie consisting of
small punctures. Two of the four known species occur in the State.
2101 (6715). Triacutus aromus Suffr., Linnea., Entom., VII, 1853, 74.
Oval, convex. Piceous-brown, thorax slightly paler; legs yellow. Tho-
rax smooth, feebly punctured at sides. Rows of elytral punctures obsolete
except on sides. Length 1.2-1.5 mi.
Crawford County; scaree. June 24-July 25. Taken by sweep-
ing huckleberry bushes.
2102 (6717). Trracuus vacuts Lec., Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., VIII, 1880,
197.
Oval, convex. Dull yellow, the elytra often clouded with darker. Tho-
rax sparsely and finely punctured, more deeply at sides, not margined at
base. Rows of elytral punctures very fine but distinct on disk. Length 1-
1.8 mm.
Throughout the State; common. May 16-June 29. Beaten
from vegetation.
Tribe VII. EUMOLPINI.
A large group of medium or small-sized oblong, convex (rarely
rounded or oval) species, usually uniform metallic, though some-
times dull yellow or spotted in hue. They have the head plainly
visible, moderate in size and deflexed; eves more or less emargi-
nate; antenne usually long, filiform, widely separated at base;
thorax margined at base, except as mentioned in key to genera;
elytra rounded at tip, entire; front cox globose, separated by the
prosternum, the cavities closed behind; tarsi broad, the third joint
deeply bilobed, the claws toothed or cleft.
The following paper, in addition to those mentioned under the
family heading, treats especially of the genera composing the tribe:
Horn.—*The Eumolpini of Boreal Ameriea,’’? 7n Trans, Amer.
Ent. Soe., XTX, 1892, 195-234,
Of the 19 genera ascribed to the tribe by Horn, 14 are known
to be or should he represented in the State,
THE LEAP BERTLES. 1135
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUMOLPINI,
ad. Front margin of thorax beneath curved, forming lobes behind or below
the eyes.
b. Body above pubescent or scaly.
c. Thorax without distinct margins on sides; furm subquadrate; ely-
tra brown or black. XX. .AbOXUS.
cc, Thorax with distinct side margins.
d. Margins of thorax dentate; front tibiae toothed on inner side near
apex. XXII, MyocHROUS.
dd. Margins of thorax entire; front tibiz simple.
XNIL. (¢hLyPTosce Lis.
bb. Body above not pubescent or scaly.
c. Kelytral punctures in distinct, regular rows; middle and hind tibie
emarginate on outer edge near apex. (Fig. 490.)
XXIII. TypopHorus.
ce, Elytral punctures confused or irregular; tibis all entire.
f. Bluish-green, shining; tarsal claws divergent; legs dark.
XXIV. CHRYSOCHLS,
ff. Brown; tarsal claws divaricate; legs pale. XXV. TYMNES.
ada. Front margin of thorax beneath straight.
g. Thorax without distinct margins on sides.
h. Body above not metallic; head without a groove above the eyes.
i. Thorax transverse; front thighs with a small] tooth; third joint
of antennez not longer than second. XXVI. XNANTHONIA.
vi. Thorax cylindrical; thighs not toothed; third joint of antennie
longer than second. XXVIII. Fipta.
hh. Body above metallic green or bronzed; head with u groove above
the eyes; length less than 4.5 mu. XXVIII. GRaPHops.
gg. Thorax margined on the sides.
j. Head with distinct grooves above the eyes; middle and hind tibix
emarginate near apex. XXIX. METACHROMA.
jj. Head without grooves above the eyes.
k. Side margins of thorax irregular or undulating.
1. Prosternum nurrow, contracted between the coxe.
XXX. COLASPIS.
ll. Prosternum wide, its sides nearly parallel.
XXXII. RHABDOPTERUS.
kk. Side margins of thorax regular and entire.
m. Third joint of antennée distinctly longer than second, the outer
five joints not abruptly wider. XXNIT. Noponota.
mm. Joints 2 to 5 of antennw very nearly equal in length, the outer
five joints rather abruptly wider; form nearly globose; tho-
rax without basal marginal Tine. CHRYSODINA.
XX. Apoxus Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘without + glory.’’)
A single species represents this venus in Europe and the north-
ern United States.
[72—23402]
11386 FAMILY LIUf.—CURYSOMELID.E.
2108 (6726). Anoxus opscurts Linn.. Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, 375
Subquadrate. Head. thorax, under surface and femora dark brown or
black; elytra, tibice and basal half of antennse brown or brownish-yellow,
sparsely clothed with prostrate yellowish pubescence. Thorax subglobose,
much narrower than elytra, densely and rather finely punctured. Elytra
with numerous irregular rows of fine punctures. Length 5-G mm.
Steuken County; scarce. July 4. Our form is the variety
rilis Fabr., distinguished by the paler elytra. In the typical spe-
cies they are of the same color as the thorax. It is a species of
northern range and probably occurs only in the Transition life zone
of the State.
XNXI. Myocurous Hrichs. 1847. (Gr, ‘‘mouse + color.’’)
In this genus the form is oblong, and the upper surface is rather
thinly clothed with hair-lke seales. One cf the three species occurs
in the State.
*2104 (6738). MyocHROUS DENTICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 448; ibid. IT, 215.
Oblong, convex. Brown,
bronzed; base of antennz dull
red. Thorax wider than long,
side margins with three blunt
teeth near the middle; surface
densely clothed with grayish-yel-
low scales. Elytral margins fee-
bly dentate; surface with rows of
deep, close-set punctures, sparse-
ly clothed with yellowish scales.
Last ventral of male with a small
fovea. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig.
48s.)
Throughout the western
half of State, frequent; more
vo in the southern counties.
Febrnary 28—Octoher 9. Hi-
hernates beneath rubbish in
open woods. Taken in spring by sweeping herhage.
Fig. 488. x 6. (After Forbes.)
NNIL. Guyproseenis Lee, 1859. (Gr., “earved + tibia.’’)
Species above the average in size for the tribe. brown in color
and having the body more or less densely clothed with prostrate
um Dwar BEETLES, 1137
sealy hairs or scales. Two spevics have been taken in the State and
two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPTOSCELIS.
a. Tarsal claws cleft.
b. Surface clothed with prostrate hairs.
c. Elytra with a distinct depression surrounding the scutellum; sur-
face sparsely but equally clothed with gray and brown hairs.
PUBESCENS.
ce. Elytra convex at base; surface hairs all brownish.
2105. BARBATA.
bb. Surface clothed with hair-like whitish scales. 2106. LIEBECKI.
aa. Tarsal claws simple; elytra acute at tip and slightly prolonged; sur-
face clothed with seale-like hairs. CRYPTICA.
2105 (6730). GLYPTOSCELIS BARBATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., V,
1826, 296; ibid. I1, 341.
Oblong, convex, robust. Bronzed, feebly shining; rather thickly clothed
with prostrate reddish-brown hairs; antenn and tarsi dull reddish-brown.
Thorax narrower than elytra, widest at middle, slightly narrowed at base,
coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra finely and irregularly granulate-
punctate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Southern third of State; scarce. May 16-—June 6. Occurs on
the foliage of wild grape and hickory.
G. pubescens Fab., length S-?.5 mm., oecurs in the ‘‘ Middle
States Region.’’ G. cryptica Say, length 7.5-9 min., is known from
Missouri, Kansas and Dakota.
2106 (——). GLYPTOSCELIS LIEBECKI Sp. noy.
Lounger and less convex than barbatus. Reddish-
brown, shining, feebly bronzed; thickly clothed above and
beneath with prostrate, whitish, hair-like scales. Thorax
about as broad as long, sides nearly straight, not nar-
rowed at base, rather coarsely, closely and deeply junc-
tured. Elytra finely and rather densely punctured, the
punctures not in rows. the tips not prolonged. Tarsal
claws deeply cleft, the inner lobe the shorter. Length 7--
9mm. (Fig. 489.)
Knox, Martin and Posey counties; scarce. May Me eat) 3.
16-June 9. The thorax is sometimes darker than
elytra and the surface is more distinctly bronzed in male than in
female. Named in honor of the well-known Coleopterist, Chas. Lie-
beck of Philadelphia, Pa., who has shown me many favors during
the preparation of this paper.
1188 FAMILY LII..—CURYSOMELID.
XXIIL. Typorpnorts Erichs. 1847. (Gr., ‘impression + bear-
ing.’’)
To this genus belong the species listed by
Henshaw under the name Paria. They have
the eyes surrounded by a rather deep groove;
tarsal claws bifid; elytra with rows of punc-
tures; antenne with second joint thicker but
shorter than third. Three species and a num-
ber of varieties comprise the genus.
KEY TO SPECIES OF TYPOPHORUS.
a. Bright blue; size larger, 5.5-7 mm.
2107. VIRIDICYANEUS.
ad. Reddish-yellow, usually with black markings;
sometimes wholly black; smaller, not over
Hie. ee Leg of nariens 4 mim.
canellus, showing emarginate hin: 4
tibia, tarsal jets, god eet banal b. Elytra without a large, common, saddle-
claw. (After Forbes ) shaped black mark. 2108. CANELLUS.
bb. Elytra, with a large, median, saddle-shaped black space. 2109. SELLATUS
2107 (G751). TypopHorus virtpicyANEUS Crotch., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., 1878, 40.
Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Dark greenish-blue, shining; antenne
reddish at base, the five outer joints blackish. Head and thorax finely and
very sparsely punctate, the latter narrower than elytra, its sides feebly
curved. Dlytra with regu-
lar rows of rather fine.
shallow punctures; sides
with a fold or costa ex-
tending from the humeral
elevation abliquely back-
ward toward the margin.
Length 5.5-7.5 mm.
Southern third of
State; scarce. June 16—
August 2. Oecurs on
the foliage of the hedge
bindweed, Convolvulis
septum Li,
2108 (6747-6750). Typo-
PHORUS CANELLUS Fahb..
Syst. Bleut., IT, 1801,
ne.
Oblong-oval, convex
Color exceedingly vari-
wble, as noted in the color
varietal key below; sur-
face shining. Thorax nar- Fig, 491, x 14. (After Forbes.)
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1139
rower than elytra. variably punctured. sometimes nearly smvuoth. often, in
the black varieties, alutacecus and subopayue. Elytra with rows of rather
fine punctures, these often indistinct on xides and apical third. Length 3-
timm. (Fig. 491.)
One of the most common of the Chrysomelide, occurring in large
numbers throughout the State. Taken by beating or sweeping vege-
tation.
KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF T. CANELLUS.
a. Elytra wholly black.
vb. Thorax black.
c. Legs black. 210Sa. ATERRIMUS.
ce, Legs pale. GILVIPES.
bb. Thorax reddish- veliow. 210Sh, THORACICUS.
aa. Elytra pale or spotted.
d, Thorax black, elytral spots larger. L1OSe. QUADRINOTATUS.
dd. Thorax yellow or slightly reddish.
e. Elytra with black spots.
f. Spots of elytra confluent to form a black stripe on each.
210Sd. VITTATUs
ff. Spots of elytra separate.
g. Two spots on each elytron; suture often piceous.
210Se, QUADRIGUTTATUs.
gg. Three spots on each elytron. 210Sf. SEXXNOTAT(s.
ec, Elytra pale, without spots. 210S8g. PUMILUS.
2108Sa (G7T48). TYPOPHORUS CANELLUS ATERRIMUs Oliv., Ent., VI. 1808. 913.
The head of this variety is often reddish and not always black, as
stated by Horn. The subvariety gilvipes Dej. differs only in the legs and
antennze being wholly pale.
Throughout the State; common. April 12—July 13. Occurs
especially on foliage of wild grape. Taken in early spring by sift-
ing and probably hihernates.
2108b (——). TyporpHoRtUs CANELLUS THORACICUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci.. ITI, 1847, 16s.
Head and thorax and usually the legs, reddish or reddish-yellow. Ex-
amples in which the thorax is partly black and partly red, thus connecting
it with aterrimus, are often met with.
Occurs throughout the State. May 20-August 17. Mating
June 22.
2108e (6747b). TyrpoPHORUS CANELLUS QUADEINOTATUS Suy. Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci.. TIT. 1824. 5: ibid. IT, 213.
Uend either black or reddish; black spots of elytra located on the mid-
dle of the base and behind the middle and sometimes confluent: legs and
antenne usually pale. It secuix fo vary more in size than the other forms.
1140 PAMILY LIJE-—CHRYSOMELID.E.
More common in the southern counties. April 20—\ugust 2
Occurs beneath bavk in carly spring and on foliage of linn, redbud,
ete, In May.
108d (——). TyporpHorts CANELLUS VITFATUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent.
So NES, WSH2, 208.
In this variety the black spots on each elytron are merged to form a
narrow stripe.
me.
Take and Vermillion counties ; scarce.
210Se (G747a). TYPoPioRUS CANELLUS QUADRIGUTTATUS Lec... Proc. Phil.
Aead, Nat. Sci.. IS5S. 86.
The black spots of elytra are usually rounded and somewhat indistinct ;
the color otherwise is wholly dull reddish-yellow.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 29-July 26. Occurs
mostly in sandy localities. The typical canellus differs only in hav-
ine the suture dark.
10Nf (GT4T). TYPOPHORUS CANETLUS SUXNoTATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci. IIT, 1824. 445; ibid. IT, 213.
Form somewhat more elongate than in the others. Color wholly pale,
dull yellow, with three black linear spots, one near base, the other two on
middle, parallel, the inner one the longer.
Lake. Clark, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 16-June
17. Qeeurs on horseweed and juniper.
2108g (6750). TyrorPHorts CANELLUS PUMILUS TLec., Col. Kans., 1859, 23.
Thorax either Idack or dull reddish-yellow; elytra wholly of the lat-
ter hue.
Throughout the State; searee. April 25-September 9.
2109 (——). Typornorts seLiatrts Torn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe, NIN,
TS92, QOS,
Ohlons-aval, strongly convex. Reddish-yellow ; elytra with a very shin-
ing black discal space extending from base {two-thirds to apex and on sides
to fifth or sixth row of punctures. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded; disk finely alutaceous, finely
and sparsely punctured. Elytral punctures distinct but more shallow on
sides and near apex, the first and scutellar rows often more or less con-
fused. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; more common northward. May 9—July
21. Oeeurs especially on the shrubby St. Johnswort, Hypericum
prolificumn Ti. Described as a variety of cancllus, but the color is not
or very little variable,
THE LEAP BERTLES. 1141
XXIV. Curveocnus Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘goldsmith.’’)
This genus is represented in the castern United States by a
single large polished green spevies which lives upon the foliage of
milkweed (Asclepias).
2110 (6741). CHRYSOCHUS AURATUS Fab., Ent. Syst., 1775, 101.
Oblong, convex. Green, brilliantly polished; elytra often with a cop-
pery or brassy tinge; anteni:e, legs and under surface bluish-black. Head
and thorax with coarse, very sparse, deep punctures intermingled with
minute ones. Islytra finely and irregularly punctate. Length S—11 min.
Throughout the State; common. June 1]—August 10. Occurs
on doghane or Indian hemp (Apocynwmn) as well as milkweed.
NXV. Tymnes Chap. 1874.
Here belong three medium-sized oblong forms, two of which have
been taken in Indiana, while the other, violuecus, perhaps occurs,
having been described from Pennsylvania. The key is that of Dr.
Horn.
KEY TO SPECIES OF TYMNES.
uw. Sides of metasternum comparatively smooth.
vb. Color variable, green, bronze or cupreous; elytra coarsely punctate
even to the apex; apical angle acute, very slightly prolonged in the
male. 2111. TRICOLOR.
bb. Color deep blue with violaceous reflections; elytra not coarsely and
rather sparsely punctate, at apex quite smooth; apical angle not
acute. VIOLACEUS,
ad. Sides of metasternum densely and coarsely punctured; color piceous,
slightly bronzed; elytra moderately coarsely punctured even to the
apex; sutural angle well defined, not acute. 2112. METASTERNALIS.
2111 (6744). TyMNes TRICoLoR Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1775, 316,
Oblong, convex, subparallel. Bronzed or greenish, shining; brown be-
neath; antenne and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax rather closely and
finely punctured on sides, nearly smooth on middle and toward base. Ely-
tra irregularly and rather coarsely punctate. Male with last ventral seg-
ment broadly emarginate and with a transverse depression, Length 6-
7.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 1—July 21. Taken by
beating hazel, oak, wild grape and ironweed.
T. violaceus Horn, was described from Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
2112 (0745). TYMNES METASTERNALIS Crotch., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
ISTH, 3s.
Form and color of the preceding, but shorter and less shining. Head
and thorax more closely and evenly punctiwed. Elytra somewhat more
sparsely punctured and with traces of cost. Length 5-6 mi.
1148 WAMILY LIM.—CHRYSOMELID.E.
Throughout the State; common. May 1—June 17, Occurs with
fricolor.
XNVI. Xanronts Baly. 1863. (Gr., ‘‘yellow.’’)
Three small oblong brownish species having broad elytra, nar-
rower thorax and pubescent surface belong here. Two of the three
occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XANTHONIA.
uw. Punctures of elytra very confused; color usually dull reddish-brown
or clay-yellow with piceous spots; sometimes wholly reddish-yellow.
2113. .10-NoTaTa.
ad. Punctures of elytra much finer and arranged in quite regular rows, but
slightly confused near the suture; color usually pale reddish-yellow,
often dark, never spotted. 2114. VILLOSULA.
2118 (6720). Nawnruonra 10-notara Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1824, 445; ibid. IT, 213.
Oblong or subquadrate. Brownish-red, sparsely clothed with suberect
brownish pubescence; elytra each usually marked with eight or ten irregu-
lar piceous spots, sometimes wholly dull pale yellow; antennze and legs pale
reddish-yellow. Lead and thorax densely punctate. Front femur of male
with a small tooth. Length 3 mm
Throughout the State; common. April 26-October 10. Oceurs
on oak, beech and elin.
2114 (6721). NaNTHONIA VILLOSULA Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1847, 169.
Form of the preceding. Dull reddish-brown or pale yellow, pubescent ;
head and thorax usually darker than elytra; antenne and legs dull yellow.
Thorax wider at base than apex, sides rounded, densely and coarsely punc-
tured. Elytra with distinct rows of rather fine punctures. Length 3-
3.5 mam.
Throughout the State; common. May 21 -August 11. Beaten
from hazel and oak.
AXVIT. From Baly, 1863.
(N1i.. a nonsense name.)
The species of this genus resemble those of Adour us in form, but
differ by having the front margin of thorax straight, the sutures
separating the side pieces of prosternumn w holly obliterated, and the
legs much longer. From Vanthonia they may be known by the eyl-
indrical thorax and larger size. The males have the front tibix
curved inwards near the tip.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1143
KEY To INDIANA SPECIES OF FIDIA.
ud. Picecus or nearly black; punctures of elytral strisz coarse and deep;
intervals flat, punctures not dense. 2115. LONGIPES.
aa, Reddish to pale brown: punctures of elytral strie not very coarse; in-
tervals flat, densely punctured. 2116. vVITIcIpa.
2115 (67241. Fipia Loneipes Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI, 1847.
169.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Fuscous or smoky to piceous, rather densely
clothed with ash gray prostrate hairs: tibie. base of antenne and femora
paler. Thorax longer than wide, much narrower than elytra; coarsely.
densely and deeply punctured. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Western and southern portions of the State; frequent. Not
taken north of Vermillion County. May 24-August 11. Occurs on
the foliage of wild grape.
2116 (6725). Frpra viricipa Walsh, Pract. Entom., If, 1867, S7.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Dull reddish-
brown. rather thickly clothed with short gray-
ish-yellow pubescence: antenne and legs
paler. Thorax wider than long in female.
often longer than wide in male. widest at or
just behind the middle, finely and densely
punctate. Length 6-T mm. (Fig. 492.)
Southern two-thirds of the State.
eommon; probably throughout. lav
27-July 21. Occurs on the wild grape
and occasionally does much damage to
the cultivated varieties. The adult bee-
tles may be killed by the use of an arsen-
ical spray with lime, at a strength of Fig. 192. scr aioe pe. Bull. 70.
one pound to 150 gallons of water. The eed aie
larve about the roots may be destroyed by bisulphide of carbon or
by wetting the soil before the end of June with a kerosene emulsion
diluted nine times with water, a gallon or two being poured about
the base of the vine.
XNVIITI. Grapnops Lee. 1ss4. Gr. ‘to write or carve + eve.’’)
Here belong small subevlindrical pubescent. metallic species.
having a deep groove partly surrounding the eves. Three species
have been taken in the State and two others probably oceur.
KEY 1U INDIANA SPECIES OF GRAPHOPS.
a. Thorax strongly margined at base.
b. Clypeus truncate.
c. Thorax punctured on disk. rugose on sides; longer, + mm.
2117. PUBESCENS.
1144 PAMILY LII.—CHRYSOMELID-E.
ce. Thorax rugose vver entire surface; smaller, 2-2.5 nun.
OTIS. CURTIPEN Sis,
bb. Clypeus emarginate.
d. Coppery ; head and thorax regularly punctured, not rugose.
2119, MARCASSITUS.
dd. Green or coppery: thorax irregularly punctured and with indis-
tinct smooth spots. NEBULOSUS.
ad. Thorax feebly margined at hase; clypeus enarginate. VARIANS.
P11T (OTOT). GRAPHOPS PURESCENS Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. TTT.
TS47, 169.
Oblong. subeylndrieal. Coppery-bronzed, sparsely
clothed with ash-gray pubescence. Thorax slightly wider
than long. net margined at sides. finely and sprrsely
punctured, densely and finely wrinkled on sides and often
ca basal half. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, disk
with rows of fine punctures. becoming cbsclete behind,
and a sutural stria on apical half. Length 3.5—-+ mom,
(Fig. 493.)
Throughout the State; frequent. March 27-Au-
gust &. Probably hihernates. Taken in May by
Fig 493 X 6% eee oon é : .
(Original ) sweeping and in summer on evening primrose.
2118 (GTS). GraPHoPs cURTIPENNTS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1847. 169.
Shorter and stouter than pubescens. Coppery-brown, sparsely clothed
with very short gray hairs. Thorax as wide at middle as elytra ;. entire
surface rugulose and minutely punetate. Elytra finely punctate, with sub-
obsolete rows of larger punctures. Length 2-2.5 min.
One in the Webster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’’ Ranges from
New York to Texas and Florida.
2119 (6769). GrarpHops Marcassitus Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
1873. 35.
Resembles pubescens closely in color and general appearance. The
form is shorter and proportionally broader, the clypeus deeply emarginate ;
thorax not rugose; punctures of elytra larger, more distant one from an-
other, and obsolete on apical half. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Marshall, Tippecanoe and i#loyd counties; scarce. June 12-
July 5.
1 *
G, nebulosus Lee., lenvih 4 mm., is known from Ohio, Wisconsin
and Kansas; @, varias Tee., coppery-green or blackish, length 44.5
mm., was described from Illinois.
ANIN. Meracaroma Lee, 1858. (Gr... ‘tafter ~ color.)
; «eke -_
Thorax without a lobe behind the eyes. the latter surrounded
in front and above hy a deep groove; middle and hind tibiw
clmargidate on outer edge near the tip; antenn with seeond and
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1145
third joints equal, the fourth as long as fifth. Each elytron has
eleven striew, seven of which are between the suture and the um-
hone, while two run parallel with the side margin. Between these
two sets. that is, just outside the seventh, are two short striz which
begin from a common point behind the umbone. These are the so-
called ‘‘short stria’’ of the kev. The species resemble the common
and variable Typophorus canellus, but are mostly larger and much
more constant in color. Five species have been taken in the State.
while one other perhaps cvecurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF METACHROMA.
a. Thoracic punctures. when present. round, not strigese.
b. Suture between the clypeus and front obliterated, the groove above
the eye not extending on the front.
ce. Head and thorax more or less punctite.
d. Form more or less oval; thorax with very distinct side margins
which, when viewed from the sides. are convex downward.
©. Sixth to eleventh striwe of elytra much confused; thorax one-
half wider than long, sides feebly curved; elytra dull yellow.
2120. ANGUSTULUM.
ee. Strive of elytra regular except the two short ones: thorax
nearly twice as wide as loug, its sides strongly curved; ely-
tra dull yellow with oblong dark spaces.
2121, INTERBUPTUM.
dd, Form parallel;‘thorax very feebly margined on sides. the mar-
gins straight; color mainly piceous. 2722. PARALLELS,
ec, Head and thorax almost entirely smooth; colour dull yellow.
L.-EVICOLLE.
bb. Suture between clypeus and front distinctly grooved and formed by
the oblique extension of the groove above the eye: color dull yel-
low; elytral punctures coarse and in regular rows.
2123, PALLIDUM.
aa. Thorax densely and strigosely punctate: color mostly piceous, elytra
soluetiines with reddish spots: elytral punctures fipe and more or
less irregular. 2124. QUERCATUM.
2120 (6753). METACHROMA ANGUSTULUM Crotch, Proce, Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei. IS7T3, 41.
Oblong-6val. Upper surface. legs and base of antenne dull yellow; un-
der surface piceous; outer six joints of antemne black. Head sparsely punc-
tate, more coarsely and closely on clypeus. Thorax one-half wider than
long. slightly narrowed in front; disk couvex. sparsely and rather finely
punctate. Elytra with the first three to five rows of punctures resular or
nearly se. the others much confused. especially toward the apex; intervals
smooth. Length §—-6.5 mm.
Lake, Porter, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 5—Julv
s. Beaten from dead willow. A species of western range, there-
fore probably te be found only in the western portion of the State.
1146 MPAMILY LII.—CHURYSOMELID.E.
2121 (6757). MErTACHROMA INTERRUPTUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 448; ibid. IT, 215.
Oblong-oval. Pale reddish-brown; thorax with a large piceous spot
each side; elytra each usually with the umbone, a sutural line and two ob-
long discal spots, picenus; under surface reddish-brown to piceous. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved, surface sparsely and
rather finely punctate, more densely on sides. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.
Vigo County; rare. June 16. Two specimens from willow.
Not before recorded east of Kansas.
*2122 (10,859). MErTACHROMA PARALLELUM Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.,
XIX, 1892, 217.
Elongate, parallel, slightly depressed. Piceous black, shining; legs,
epipleura, base of antennz, front of head and sometimes the suture of ely-
tra yellow. Thorax about one-fourth wider than long, scarcely narrower
in front, sides curved, the margins very narrow; disk convex, very sparsely
and finely punctate. Elytra parallel, narrower only near apex, the rows of
punctures all more or less irregular, those outside of third very much so.
Length 5-6 mm.
Lake, Vermillion and Vigo counties; frequent. February 12-
August 10. A specimen was taken on the former date hibernating
between mullein leaves. Occurs in sammer on the flowers of dog-
wood and Jersey tea; also at electric light. The thorax is some-
times partly or wholly dull yellow.
M. levicolle Cr., length 3.5 mm., is a Southern forin which may
oceur in the southwestern part of the State.
2128 (6763). METACHROMA PALLIDUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 446; ibid. II, 214.
Oblong-oval. Dull yellow; head and thorax often reddish-yellow. Llead
with median frontal impression and suture between elypeus and front dis-
tinct. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved, surface
distinctly and rather closely punctate. Hilytral rows of punctures, moder-
ately coarse, obliterated behind the middle, the two short rows somewhat
confused. Length 34 mm.
Lake and Porter counties; rare. June 15-June 2s. Beaten
from wild grape.
2124 (6759). Merraciroma QurrcaruM Pabr., Syst. Eleut.. I, 1801, 447.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull black or piceous; legs and basal two-
thirds of antenni yellow; head often in part or wholly, and elytra some-
times with a humeral and apical spot, dull red. Thorax nearly twice as
wide as long, angles prominent, sides strongly curved, disk convex, opaque,
rather densely marked with elongate punctures.
the punctures fine and obliterated on
irregular. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Ilytra finely alutaceous,
apical third, the rews all slightly
Lake and Laporte counties : Frequent. May 28- June 15, Beaten
from hazel.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1147
XXX. Couaspis Fabr. 1501. .Gr., ‘mutilated + shield.**)
Small, oblong or oval species. having the thorax not lobed hehind
the eves; tarsal claws broadly appendiculate: tibie entire.
2125 (8774). Coraspis BRUNNEA Fabr.. Ent. Syst. Supp.. 1748. $4.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull brownish- or reddish-yellow. legs
always pale; «uter joints of antenne often dusky. Head rather coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax about one-half wider than long. sides rather
broadly curved, angles prominent, disk rather clesely and evenly punctate.
Elytra with intervals more or less costate, between which are two or three
irregular rows of coarse, deep punctures. Male with first joint of front
tarsi dilated. Length 4.5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June +Ausust 11. Ov-urs on
various wild and cultivated plants. among the latter, grape. beans.
strawberries. etv. The larvee are vaid to feed on the roots of grapes.
Variety flavida Sev is wholly dull yellow, while in the typical brun-
nea the epipleural margin and under surface are brownish. often
with a metallic instre. In var. cestipennis Dej., the head and tho-
rax are brightly metallic and the elytra brown, with vellow costz.
XXXI. Rueappoprerts Lef. 1585. (Gr.. -*a rod+ wing."’)
A single species. formerly listed ay Colaspis preterta Say. has
been ascribed to this genus by Horn. From Colaspis it is separated
only by the shape cf the prosternum as mentioned in generic key.
2126 (6775). RHABDOPTERUS PICIPES Oliv., Ent, VI, 1506. S36.
Oblong-oval, convex. Brown, bronzed, strengly shining, the elytral
margins ¢ften greenish-bronzed; antenne and less reddish-yellow, the outer
joints of former often dusky: under surface of body greenish. abdomen
brown, its tip paler. Head coarsely and sparsely punctate. clrpeus more
closely punctate. Thorax nearly twice as wide us louy. narrowed in front.
sides strongly curved, hind angles prominent; disk rather sparsely and
finely punctate. Elyira coarsely but not clesely punctate. the punctures
irregular on the disk. a line representing the third interval smooth. Length
#5 mm.
Througheut the State: scarce. June 24-August 11. Occurs on
linn, wild grape. ete. Resembles Tymues metasternalis very closely :
separated by the absence ot thoracie lobes behind the eres. the more
sparsely punctured thorax and smooth metesternum.
NNNIL Nopoxota Lf. 12°55. Gr. ‘knot -— baek."":
Small, oval, convex. greenish-bronzed or }uish forms. having the
thorax with side margins entire and base! marginal line present:
third antennal joint distinctly longer than second, the sixth joint
1148 PAMILY LIIT.—CHRYSOMELID.®.
shorter than cither the fifth or seventh. All four of the forms
resoenized by Horn ceeur in Indiana. They were formerly in-
cluded under the genus Colaspis.
KEY TO SPECIES OF NODONOTA.
w. Clypeus much contracted between the bases of the antenne; surface
above finely punctate, beneath not or but little punctate.
2127. CLYPEALIS.
aa. Clypeus broad between the antenne.
b. Form short, oval; punctuation of thorax simple; elytra without a
costa behind the umbone.
e Upper surface shining; metasternum not punctate on sides.
2128. TRISTIS.
ce. Upper surface dull; metasternum coarsely punctate on sides.
2120. CONVENA.
bb. Form oblong, subparallel; punctuation of thorax substrigose; elytra
with distinct costa hehind the umboue, this sometimes absent in fe-
male. 2150. PUNCTICOLLIS.
2127 (10371). Noponora cLypeais Torn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XTX,
1892, 231.
Resembles tristis clasely in form, size and general appearance. Color
usually bronzed, shining. Readily separated hy the form of the Clypeus.
which is distinctly narrowed between the insertion of antenne. Punctures
of upper surface less distinct and more sparse. Length 3.o-4+ mim.
Southern half of State; frequent. June 17—August 9. Oceurs
with frisfis.
2128S (GTTS). Noponora TRISTIS Oliv., Hnt., VI, 1806, 889.
Oval, convex. Color yariable, dull bronze. bluish or bluish-green + an-
tenme pale at base, the five outer joints and legs piceous. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, front angles prominent, sides regularly curved,
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra oval, convex, the tinbone dis-
tinet; surface more coarsely punctate than thorax, the punctures in irregu-
lar rows, two or three of which occur between each interval. Males with
first joints of front and middle tarsi distinctly dilated. Length 3-4 umm.
Throughout the State; common. May 24~August 8. Oceurs on
various herbs and shrubs in dry upland localities. The legs are
sometimes dull vellow.
212) (677s). Noponora convexa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, LIT,
ISA. 445 ibid. TT, 2ie.
Oval, convex. Colay bronzed, rarely blue, or slightly greenish, ‘Thorax
as in drésfis, the punctures more sparse. the median line usually smoathec.
\ rf ype a 4 net Y ,
Klytra much more coarsely punctate than thorax, the punctures everywhere
confused except near apex, Length 44.5 min.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1149
Southwestern portion of the State; searce. June 12-July 2s.
Occurs on the greater ragweed, Ambrvsia trifida L., in low, moist
places. The larger size, more truly oval ferm and coarsely punc-
tured sides of metasternum readily distinguish this from tristis.
2130 (6778). NODONOTA PUNCTICOLLIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
TIT. 1826. 44; ibid. 11. 212.
Oblong. nearly parallel. Bluish, greenish or bronzed.
moderately shining: basal joints of antenns. and rarely
the legs, reddish-yellow. Head and thorax distinctly alu-
taceous. the latter more than twice as wide as long, sides \
feebly curved, front angles acute; surface with rather ee »
‘lense, elongate punctures. Elytra coarsely and irregular- ¢ a 7
ly punctate, the punctures in rows near apex. Umbone é ‘ 5
marked with a distinct imprexsien and with usually a Tig. 494. (After Chit-
short raised line or costa behind it. Length 3.5-4.2 mma. tenden in Bull. VII, New
(Fig. 494.) fer, U 8 Diy Ent.)
Southern half of State; frequent. May 2s—July 4. Occurs on
the Howers cf wild rose and the foliage of various herbs.
Chrysodina globosa Oliv., broadly oval, convex. bronze-blue or
brassy, length 2.5 mm.., is said to occur from the ** Middle States to
Colorado and Arizona.”’
Tribe VIII. CHRYSOMELINI.
Oval. convex, rarely oblong beetles of moderate, rarely small
size, usually variegated in color. They have the antenne of mod-
erate length, widely separated xt base, the outer joints somewhat
enlarged; eves feehly emarginate, not prominent; thorax with well-
defined side margins; front cox transverse and widely separated;
elytra with distinct epipleure and covering the abdomen; third
tarsal joint entire (except in Gastroidea and Lina). Representa-
tives of nine of the 13 genera composing the tribe have been taken
in the State, while those of one other may occur.
The only papers treating especially of the North American
genera comprising the tribe are as follows:
Rogers, W F.— ‘Synopsis of the Species of Chrysomela and
Allied Genera Inhabiting the U. S.,°° in Proe. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., VIII, 1856, 29-39.
Linell, Martin T— ‘A Short Review of the Chrysomelas of
North America,’’? in Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc.. TV. 1896,
195-200.
7150 FAMILY LJII.-——CHRYSOMELIDAs.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHRYSOMELINI.
«a. Tarsal claws simple.
». Third joint of tarsi entire or scarcely emarginate (except in ?ruso-
curis, where it is bilobed).
c. Thorax not margined at base; species mostly rather elongate,
slightly convex, striped. XXXIII. PRASOCURIS.
ce. Thorax margined at base; species larger, more robust and convex.
d. Last joint of palpi short, truncate.
c. Mesosternum prominent, forming a blunt tubercle between the
middle coxie; front femora of male strongly toothed.
XXXIV. LABIDOMERA.
ce. Mesosternum not raised above the level of the prosternum ;
femora simple. XXXV. LEPTINOTARSA.
dd. Last joint of palpi not shorter than next to last.
f. Tarsal claws parallel, united at base; claw joint dentate be
neath. XXXVI. ZycocRAMMA.
ff. Tarsal claws divergent; claw joint simple.
yg. Sides of thorax not thickened; elytra with darker markings
limited by impressed punctures.
XXXVIL. CALLIGRAPHA.
gg. Sides of thorax thickened; elytra without spots.
XXXVIIT. CHRyYSOMELA.
bb. Third joint of tarsi emarginate or bilobed.
h. Sides of thorax not thickened; elytra unicolored.
i. Punctures of elytra in regular rows; tibise not grooved on the
outer side. PLAGIODERA.
vi. Punctures of elytra dense and confused; tibise grooved on outer
side. XXXIX. GASTROIDEA.
hh, Sides of thorax thickened; elytra often spotted or spotted and
striped. XL. Lina,
aa. Tarsal claws toothed or bifid; tibise not dilated and not toothed.
XLI. PHYLLODECTA.
XXXII. Prasocuris Lat. 1802. (Gr., ““leek-green +a spear.’’)
Rather small, clongate or oval, feebly convex species having the
upper surface brassy-ereen or bronzed-black and striped with dull
yellow. The three known species have heen taken in the State,
while a fourth is herewith described for the first time.
KEY LU SPECIES OF PRASOCURIS.
a, Yellow stripes of elytra not united at Dise.
v. Form elongate, parallel ; length 5 or more mm. 2151. PHELLANDRII.
bb. Form short-oval: length not over 4 mn. 2182. OVALIS,
WHE bhar pee rLEs, 1151
aa. Yellow stripes of elytra united at base.
c. Thorax a little wider than long. 2183, VITTATA.
cc. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. 2154. OBLIQUATA.
2131 (G7S2). PRAsocURIS PHELLANDRIT Linn., Syst.
Nat., ed. 10, 1758. 376.
Elongate. slender, parallel. Piceous or blackish,
feebly bronzed. Thorax broadly margined each side.
and elytra each with a discal and marginal stripe.
united at apex, dull yellow. Thorax quadrate, sides
almost straight, surface coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra with regular rows of rather fine, close-
set punctures. Length 5-6 mm. (Fig. 495.)
Lake County; frequent. April 23-May 28.
Occurs in the sand dune revions on or beneath
the prickly-pear cactus (Opuntia rafinesquii Tig. 4954 6.
Engelm). The larva is said to hore in the stems pee
of marsh marigold (Caltha) and other semiaquatie plants.
2132 (——). PRASOCURIS OVALIS Sp. nov.
Short. oval, feebly eonvex. Blackish, slightly bronzed; thorax nar-
rowly margined with dull yellow; elytra each with a narrow marginal and
discal yellow stripe. uniting at apex. the latter oblique near bise but not
merging with the former. Thorax one-half wider than leng, sides curved
in front of middle, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra
oval, with regular rows of rather fine punctures, those of the fifth to
seventh rows widely separated. Length 3.54 min.
Lake, Wells and Vigo counties: scaree. May 20-July 10. Oc-
curs on the leaves of sedges in low, moist places.
21388 {67S3). PRASOCcURIS vaTTara Oliv., Entom.,. V. P07. 506.
Elongate, narrow. Greenish-black, shining; thorax broadly margineil
on sides with reddish-yellow: elytra each with a reddish-yellow marginal
stripe and a narrow paler one on disk, the two united at base and ajyex:
under surface, legs and antenn black, the tibi:e sometimes pale. Thorax
but slightly wider than long. apex deeply emarginate, disk sparsely. un-
evenly and finely punctate. Elytra parallel, umbone carinate: punctures
rather fine and deep, those of the first row somewhat confused. Lenzeth
3.5-4.5 mm.
Lake County; scarce. May 5-May 21. Readily known from the
next by the more slender form and narrower thorax.
2134 (6784). PrRasoctRin oBLiguata Lec... Pract. Entoui., IT, $66. 9.
Elongate-oval. Black. tinged with greenish; thorax with broad mar-
ginal stripe. and elytra each with dixcil and marginal stripe. uniting at
1152 FAMILY LIU.—CURYSOMELIDAS.
both base and apex, yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, finely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra with somewhat irregular rows of close-set
fine punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mum.
Lake County; searee. May 5-June 24. Taken by sweeping
marsh vegetation.
NXNIV, Laginomera Chev. 1834. (Gr., “forceps + femur.’’)
The old genus, Doryphora UL, was discarded by Linell in his
paper, loc. cit., and the North American species were distributed
among this and the next genus, the two being separated only by the
characters wiven in the generic key. To Labidumcra, as character-
ized, belones only a single species and a western variety.
#9195 (G7SD). UABIDOMERA CLIVICOLLIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837,
Pabes
Oval, convex, robust. Dark blackish-blue; elytra
- range yellow with a large, black, cruciform common
spot in front of middle, each with a triangular spot
behind the humerus, and a V-shaped one hear apex;
these spots sometimes in part or all confluent to form
a one ar two broad transverse bands. Thorax three times
as wide as long, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytral
punctures fine, arranged in irregular double rows.
Fig. 496. & 1/4. Length 8-12 mm. (Fig. 496.)
(after Knobel ) : :
cs Throughout the State: frequent on the foli-
age of the common milkweed, Asclepias suriaca L. January 5—Aw
eust 3. Ilibernates beneath logs partly buried in sand, mullein
leaves, ete. One of the largest’ and most handsome of our Chryso-
melids.
NXXV. Leprinorarsa Stal. 185s. (Gr., ‘slender + tarsi.’’)
Two of the 12 species recognized by Linell oceur in Indiana, the
others being found in the Western and Southwestern States. One
of the two is the common injurious ‘‘Colorado potato beetle’? and
the other is very similar in appearance.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTINOTARSA,
a. Wlytra with double rows of coniluent punctures, the suture and _ five
narrow stripes on each black; epipleura pale. 2156. peek MLINEATA,
aa. Wlytva with single rows of regular punctures; each with five narrow
black stripes, the third and fourth usually united at base and apex.
2137. JUNCTA.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1153
2136 (G789). LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei. TTT, WS24. 453; ibid. IL, 218.
Oval, robust, convex. Dull yellow; thorax
with two short. divergent lines on disk and six
small spots each side, black; elytra with suture
and five narrow lines ou each side, black, the
second and third united near apex; knees and
tarsi blackish. Length 5.5-11 mm. (Fig. 497.)
The original home of this well-known
hectle was Colorado, Say having deserihed
it from the Upper Missouri River, where it
fed upon the sand nettle. Nefaniwmn rostra-
fiom Dunal. It made its way eradually
eastward, migrating from one potato patch
to another, aided, ddubtless, by railways
and commerce, until it has spread over the
whole of the castern United States. It first Tig 47 A, adult beetle; B, hind
‘ i tar-u- of same; 3, third tarsal joint;
appeared in numbers in Indiana about 4, true fourth joint; 5, so-called fourth
Ts6s, and the first beetles ever collected lv Ege ere
the writer were these ‘‘new-fashioned”’ or ‘Colorado potato bugs,’’
an old tin basin and a stout stick being the paraphernalia used.
Suffice it to say they were not taken for a collection, but at a fixed |
sum per hundred, paid to the children to clear the patch of the
pests. Afterwards the discovery that a solution of Paris green
‘would fix ’em’’ pnt the tin basin wiethod of collection out of vogue.
For a number of vears the potato industry in the State was al-
most destroyed by this beetle. but its damages gradually lessened.
until now they appear much fewer in numbers than between the
years 1870 and 1890, and are readily kept in check ly Paris green
and other arsenites. The beetle hibernates in the ground, both as
pupa and imago, and begins to mate about May first, each female
producing 750 to 1,000 eggs, these being laid at intervals through
forty days. Under normal conditions it requires but about 36 days
from the laying of the eggs to the perfecting of the imago, and in
about 14 days after emerging, the beetle begins to lay a second gen-
eration of eves. The first or spring brood hecomes fertile, there-
fore, about July Ist, and the second generation by September Ist.
It attacks not only potatocs, but egg plant and other members of
the Solanacese or potato family. The rese-breasted grosheak, yel-
low-billed cuckoo or rain-crow, and the quail 7eed upon the larvw of
the beetle, as do also turkeys and occasionally chickens.
1154 PAMINY DILL CARYSOM ELIDA.
“137 (6790). Leprinorarsa JUNCTA Gern., Ins. Sp. Nov., 1824, 590.
Form of the preceding,
which it resembles very close-
ly. Distinguished mainly by
the characters given in key.
The femora are marked on the
“outer side near apex with a
' black spot. Length 10-12 mm.
(Fig. 498.)
Putnam, Lawrence,
Knox, Crawford and Posey
i cH ;¢, beetle; d, elytra; ¢, front leg of .
Tee ae iy sees mas @ tro "counties; scaree, June 10-
September 21. Feeds on
the horse-nettle, Solemn carolineuse Ta. and different species of
ground-cherry (Physalixs). A member of the Austroriparian fauna.
XXXVI. ZycoagrammMa Chey. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘yoke + together.’’)
To this genus, as at present limited, belong about a dozen of the
species formerly listed under Chrysomela. All of these but one
occur in the Western and Southwestern States. They are oval,
convex forms of medium size, having the elytra marked with spots
or stripes; last tarsal joint toothed beneath; tarsal claws narrowly
‘separated and connate at base, whence the generic name.
#2138 (6799). ZYGOGRAMMA SUTURALIS Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, 95.
Oval or subglobose, convex. Brown, feebly bronzed; ely-
tra yellow, with the first and second intervals and a broad
discal stripe dark brown; epipleura pale with dark margins.
Thorax three times wider than long, sparsely and coarsely
punctured. Elytra coarsely punctured on disk, more. finelc
on sides, the punctures bordering the sutural brown stripe
in rows, the others scutlered. Length 5.5-G6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 1S—Decem-
big 59
ber 10.) Oeeurs in spring on ragweed in low moist — (After Rowers)
places and on flowers of goldenrod in autumn. In var. casla Rovers
(Fig. 499), the subsutural dark stripe is often divided to behind
middle and the diseal stripe wholly, or to near apex.
NXXVIT. Caunierapia Erich, S47. (fr
ing.’’)
. ‘“heautiful + writ-
Form oval or rounded, convex : size medium or rather small; last
tarsal joint not toothed beneath: claws widely separated. Eight
THE LEAF BEETLES. 115d
species and two varieties have been taken in the State, while two
others perhaps occur. All were formerly listed under Chrysomela.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIGRAPHA.
a. Elytra with brown and yellow stripes.
b. Thorax wholly brown; epipleura dark.
ce. Last joint of palpi strongly dilated; discal brown stripe of elytra
more or less divided by yellow. LUNATA.
ce. Last joint of palpi normal; discal brown stripe of elytra entire,
notched on outer side. 2139. SIMILIS.
bb. ‘Lhorax in part yellow; epipleura pale.
d. Oval, strongly convex; discal brown spot of thorax large, quadrate,
reaching to base. 2140. PRAZCELSIS.
dd. longate-oval, much less convex; discal spot of thorax irregular,
not reaching base. 2141. ELEGANS.
aa, Elytra with irregular spots, the suture usually dark.
e. Epipleura of thorax not impressed; legs reddish-brown.
f. Thorax wholly dark green or olive green.
y. Elytra with a dark double sutural stripe, to which is joined on
median third a heavy curved line, the sutural stripe thus ap-
pearing to bear three or four short side branches or spurs.
h. Form elongate-oval, subdepressed; thorax and elytral mark-
ings metallic green or blue-green. 2142. SCALARIS.
ih. Form short, oval, convex.
i. Thorax and elytral markings dark olive green; small discal
spots of elytra ten or more in nuiber.
j. Third side branch of sutural stripe (representing the
lower part of annexed curved line) heavy, unbroken
and curved forward as in scalaris. 2148. RHODA.
jj. Third side branch of sutural stripe slender and directed
obliquely backward. 2143a. var. WALSHIANA.
ii. Thorax and elytral markings dark blue-green; small discal
spots of elytra three to eight in number; third side branch
of elytral suture usually represented by a detached curved
spot. 2144. ROWENA.
gg. Elytra without a sutural stripe but with a narrow subsutural
line. 2145. PHILADELPHICA.
ff. Thorax in part or wholly pale.
k. Thorax pale with reddish-brown discal spots; elytra with numer-
ous small black spots. 2146. MULTIPUNCTATA.
kk. Thorax olive green or brown with pale apical and side margins;
elytra with numerous small greenish spots; under side of body
greenish. 21dba. var. BIGSBYANA.
ee. Epipleura of thorax grooved or impressed ; legs black; elytra with a
broad, black sutural stripe and with about nine large pale spots
surrounded by black rings. MULTIGUTTATA.
1156 FAMILY LI11.—CHRYSOMELIDA.
C. lunata Fab., form of precelsis, reddish-brown, elytra yellow
with the usual brownish stripes, is said to occur ‘‘east of the Rocky
Mountains.”’
*2139 (6801). CALLIGRAPHA SIMILIS Rogers, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VIII, 1856, 35.
Oval, convex. Brown, feebly bronzed; elytra pale with a broad sutural
stripe and a discal stripe brown, the latter broadly uotched near middle
on outer side. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, very coarsely
and sparsely punctured. First four rows of elytral punctures mostly regu-
lar, the others confused. Length 5.5-7 mim.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-July 29. Hiber-
nates beneath partly buried logs and rubbish. More common in
sandy localities. Often noted erawling over the ground in eulti-
vated fields and, like other members of the genus, feigns death when
disturbed. Resembles Z. suturalis very closely ; distinguished by its
more oval form and notched disval stripe of elytra.
#2140 (OSO4). JALLIGRAPIFA PR.ECELSIS Rogers, Proce. Phil. ead. Nat. Sei.,
VIIT, 1856, 35.
Oyal, convex. Dark reddish-brown, bronzed; thorax
with sides and front margin reddish-yellow ; elytra pale
with sutural and one discal stripe on each brown, the
latter much narrowed behind and broadly emarginate on
outer side. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as
long, sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytra punctured
as in similis, Length 7-Simm. (Pig. HOO.)
Vermillion, Vigo and Posey counties; searee.
April 6-Decemher 21. Occurs on white top in
(Aitee Rows) timothy meadows. Tibernates. Larger and more
robust than either similis ov Z. suturalis.
2141 (6805). CALLIGRAPIIA ELEGANS Oliv., Entom., V, 1807, 533.
Hlongate-oval, less convex. Blackish bronzed; thorax reddish-yellow
with dark inverted W-shaped or transverse spot near, but not reaching,
hase; elytva pale yellow with a common sutural and discal stripe on each
bronzed black. Thorax and elytra punctured as in similis, the yellow
stripes with finer and more numerous seattered punctures. Length 5-6 mim.
Throughout the State; frequent in the northern counties, less so
southward. March 14—Angust 26. Probably hibernates. Occurs
heneath rubbish and on various plants, especially thoroughwort and
goldenrod, usually in moist loealities,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1157
2142 (SOS), CALLIGRAPHA SCALARIS Lec., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1824, 173.
Oval, convex. Dark metallic green, shining; elytra
creamy white with a broad, greenish, common sutural
stripe. which projects three short spurs each side, and
each with a large, curved humeral lunule double to near
middle and enclosing a round greenish spot; behind the
lunule 12 to 15 small greenish spots; antennze and legs
reddish-brown. Thorax more than twice as wide as long. :
coarsely and sparsely punctate and with an irregular im- Fig. 501. Xx 2.
pression each side. Elytra finely, sparsely and irregu- — (After Knobel.)
larly punctate. Length $-10 mm. (Fig. 501.)
Lake and Laporte counties: scarce. June 10-June 12. Beaten
from foliave of linden and elm.
2148 (——). CALLIGRAPHA RHODA Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XT, 1909, 83.
Subovate, convex. Dark olive green, submetallic; legs. antenn:e and
palpi reddish-brown; elytra creamy white, or often with the apical two-
thirds dull reddish-yellow; a common suturil stripe and humeral Innule
much as in sealaris, the latter enclosing two small spots which are often
confluent; disk behind lunule with about 11 small spots. Head and thorax
finely alutaceous, coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, the thorax
with an irregular impression each side. Pale area of elytra more coarsely
and closely punctate than in scalaris. Length 7-8 min.
Lake, Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties; frequent. April
29-—July 15. Knab says of it: ‘This species feeds exclusively upon
the hazel, both in the imayo and larval staves, and, as far as known,
it is the only species of Calligrapha found upon this plant.’ It will
probably ke found throughout the State, wherever hazel occurs.
2143n (—— ). CALLIGRAPHA RHODA WALSHIANA Knab, Mss.
A variety of rhoda in which the annexed stripe (united with the usual
double sutural stripe on median third of elytra) is very slender, less curved
than usual and with its front and hind portions directed obliquely forward
and backward. Discal elytral spots 15 or 16 in number. Length 7-S mm.
Lake County; rare. May 25-June 3. Knab’s specimens are
from Missouri, and he thinks this may be the form mentioned by
Walsh as a variety of C. scaluris oveurring upon the wild plum.
2144 (——). CALLIGRAPHA ROWENA Knab, Proce. Ent. Soc. Wash... XI,
1909, 85.
Differs from rhoda principally as mentioned in key. In mature speci-
mens the greater part of elytral disk is bright orange red, the basal third
and broad outer margin golden. Punctuation of elytra distinctly coarser
than in rhoda and the surface therefore more uneven. Tarsal claws more
divergent. Length 6.5-8.5 mm.
Marshall County; rare. June 26. Orivinally described from
Canada, New England and Pennsylvania. While the three forms
1158 FAMILY LII.—CIHRYSOMELID&.
described by Knab arc nndoubtedly distinct from scalaris, it is very
probable that a large series will show them to be varieties of one
species, rhoda.
2145 (6809). CALLIGRAPHA PHILADELPHIca Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758,
372.
Resembles rhoda closely in form and general color.
The pale area of elytra is much greater, the suture be-
ing pale with a narrow subsutural black line each side
on basal half and with two or three elongate dark spots
which represent the spurs or branches of scalaris. The
humeral lunule is much more narrow and less curved
than in rhoda and encloses both a shorter lunule and a
small spot, while the other discal spots are smaller and
more numerous. Length 8-9 mm. (Fig. 502.)
502. Xx 2.
Miia Knobel )
Lake, Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Steulen counties ; scarce.
May 25-July 11. Oceurs with the preceding.
2146 (6810). CaLticraPHA MULTIPUNCTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IIT, 1824, 450; ibid. 11, 216.
Resembles plhiladelphica very closely. Thorax yellow with several
small reddish-brown spots arranged in an irregular curved line near the
middle and often a darker, narrow, transverse basal spot. Elytra with nar-
row, dark sutural and subsutural stripe separated by a yellow line and
with numerous blackish or greenish spots. Thorax more sparsely and finely
punctate than in scalaris and without the depression each side. Length 6.5-
8.5 mm.
Vigo, Martin and Posey counties: freqnent. April 25—-October 1.
Beaten from foliage of thorn and red haw (Crategus).
2146a (6810a). CALLIGRAPHA MULTIPUNCTATA BIGSBYANA Kirby, Faun. Bor.
Amer., TV, 1837, 212.
Oval, convex. Reddish-brown or greenish, feebly bronzed; thorax with
a large brown or greenish spot on basal half, the apical and side margins
pale; elytra pale with narrow sutural and subsutural dark stripes some-
times confluent, and numerous small spots greenish or reddish-brown. Length
6.5-8.5 mm.
Northern half of State; frequent. May 21-Octoher 1. Beaten
from vegetation of various kinds. Feeds on willow and poplar.
C qnultiguttata Stal, is a western form which has been recorded
from Cincinnati.
NNXVIT. Corvsomens Linn, 1735. (Gy, “olden | fruit.’’)
This genus, as now Limited, contains oval conver specles of me-
dium size having the elytra of one color and, in our species, the
margin of the thorax distinctly and abruptly thickened.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1159
2147 (6821). CHRYSOMELA AURIPENNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 452; ibid. II, 218.
Oblong-oval. Head. thorax, scutellum and under surface dark vio-
laceous blue; elytra coppery red or brassy green, strongly shining. Thorax
twice as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with somewhat
regular rows of distant, rather coarse but not impressed punctures. Length
8-11 mm.
Lake County; scaree. April 15-August 24. Occurs in the sand
dune region, usually about the prickly-pear cactus. Linell gives its
range as Texas to Nebraska.
2148 (6824). CHRYSOMELA sUBopaca Ltogers, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VIII, 1856, 36.
Oblong-oval. Uniform purplish-black, feebly bronzed, subopaque and
above finely alutaceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, disk finely
and sparsely punctate, and with a few coarse punctures along the inner side
of the thickened margin. Elytra with irregular rows of rather fine, scarcely
impressed punctures. Length 7-9 mim. :
Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. June 28—-November 9. Oc-
eurs from New York to Texas.
Plagiodera viridis Melsh., greenish to fuscous or brassy, shining,
length 3 mm., was described from Pennsylvania.
XXXIX. GastroiE, Hope. 1840. (Gr., ‘‘belly + form,’’ i. e.,
pot-belhed. )
Small, oblong-greenish forms having the punctures of elytra
dense and confused and the sides of thorax not thickened. The
females have the abdomen very much swollen before their eggs are
laid, making it difficult for them to move about.
2149 (6520). GASTROIDEA POLYGON! Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 1758, 370.
Oblong-oval. Head, elytra and under surface brilliant
green or blue; thorax, legs, base of antennie and tip of ab-
domen reddish; tarsi and apical two-thirds of antenne black.
Thorax twice as broad as long, sides rounded, surface finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 503.)
Southern half of State, frequent; probably
throughout. April 29-October 6. Occurs on the knot-
grass, Polygonum aviculare Ji. in yards and along
Fig. 503.
pathways. (After Harris.)
2150 (6832). GaSTROIDEA cYANEA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1847, 175.
Oblong-oval. Uniform brilliant green or blue; antenne, legs and under
surface purplish-black. Head and thorax finely and sparsely punctate; ely-
tra densely and rather roughly punctate. Length 4-5 mm.
1160 PAMILY Lill.—CHRYSOMELIDA.
Southern half of State; frequent. April 18-June 15. Occurs
on various species of dock (Rumer).
XL. Lina Meg. 1823. (Gr., ‘‘flax.’’)
Oblong, feebly convex species, having the sides of thorax thick-
ened and the elytra usually spotted or striped. Three species are
known from the State and another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LINA.
a. Thorax with sides yellow and disk dark metallic green.
b. Elytra reddish-yellow with rounded black spots, which are sometimes
merged intu transverse bands. 2151, INTERRUPTA,
bb. Elytra dull reddish or greenish-yellow, with elongate black spots.
2152. SCRIPTA.
aa. Thorax green or yellow, the sides not paler.
«. Elytra dull yellow without spots; thorax green, TREMULE,
ec. Elytra purplish-black, narrowly margined with yellow.
2153. OBSOLETA.
2151 (——). Lina INTERRUPTA Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 438.
Oblong-oval. Black; thorax with a
yellow margin enclosing a small black dot ;
elytra dull yellow with usually six spots
ou each, more or less confluent; base of
antenme and tibite reddish. Thorax with
the black center very finely, the thickened
yellow sides coarsely, punctate. Elytra
with numerous rather course, scattered
punctures. Length 6.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 504.)
Throughout the State; common on
willow, cottonwood, ete. April 2-
August 11. The dull yellow of elytra
is red in life. The spots of elytra
vary much in shape and are some-
times absent, except the two median
Fig. 504. x6, (After Forbes.) ones on cach. Known as lapponica
Linn. in most collections, but the lat-
ter is a Bnropean species with thorax wholly metallic.
2152 (6889). Lina scrteta Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 438,
More clougaute and parallel
than the preceding. Thorax and
under parts usually simiku in
color to those of interrupta, but
the former sometinies reddish
with four sinall black spots ina
curved Tine at counter, Elytra with
a
Vig. 505. a, beetle, normal form: 6, c,d, @, Variations of
the suture and seven elongate elytra. After Riley.)
Re
e
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1161
spots on each black, the outer ones sometimes confluent to form a marginal
stripe. Upper surface punctured as in interrupta, Length 7-9.5 mm. (Fig.
505.)
Throughout the State; freyuent. April 15-September 18. Lives
on the foliage of cottonwood, Carolina poplar and other members
of the genus Populus.
L. tremule Fabr., is an introduced European species which is
known to oceur in Massachusetts and Michigan.
2153 (6840). Lina opsoreTa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1824,
453; ibid. II, 218.
Oblong-oval. Head, elytra and under surface purplish-black; thorax
with reddish margins enclosing a rounded black spot, or reddish with three
or four blackish spots at center; elytra with the margins, tips and often
two short, indistinct lines on lasal half, veddish-yellow. Elytra more
coarsely and densely punctured than in scripta. Length 7-S mm.
Lake County; rare. Two specimens taken by Wolcott near Hess-
ville and Pine. May 2—June 30.
XLI. Puytiopecta Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘leaf + to bite.’’)
This genus is represented in the State by one oblong, convex
species having the front coxal cavities open; front tibiw slender,
neither toothed nor produced at tip; tarsi with third joint much
wider and longer than first and second and deeply bilobed; tarsal
claws toothed,
2Ibd4 (-——). PHYLLopECTA VITELLINZ Linn., Syst. Ent. Nat., ed. 10, 1758,
370.
Oblong, convex. Purple, shining; under surface piceous, bronzed. An-
tenn slender, less than one-half the length of body; third joint longer than
second and one-half longer than fourth. Thorax one-third broader than
long, front angles prominent, hind ones rectangular, base without a mar-
ginal line; surface sparsely and irregularly punctured, the punctures on
sides coarser than those on disk. Elytra with rows of moderate sized punc-
tures, those on the sides coarser and more or less irregular. Length 4-
5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 17. Taken by sweeping herbage
in tamarack swamp. Occurs on the willow, Salix longifolia. A
European species introduced by commerce. Of it Knab writes me:
‘Generally passes in collections as P. vulgatissima L., but Weise
states that the latter species has the thorax finely margined behind.
TL have seen no American specimens with this character.”’
3162 FAMILY LIII.—CHRYSOMELIDZ.
Tribe IX. GALERUCINI.
Small or medium-sized leaf-eating heetles, having usually a
somewhat oblong form and a softer body covering than in those
tribes already treated. All of them agree in having the head ex-
posed; antenne placed upon the front between the eyes and there-
fore close together at base, the third joint usually smaller than
fourth; eyes not emarginate, finely granulate; thorax truncate or
emarginate in front, with the sides distinctly margined; elytra
longer than abdomen; prosternum very narrow, usually invisible
between the front coxe, which are therefore contiguous; hind
femora slender, adapted for walking; hind tibie usually without
terminal spurs; tarsi slender, not retractile.
Many members of the tribe are very injurious to vegetation,
among them being the striped cucumber beetle, the long-horned
corn beetle and the imported elm-leaf beetle. The principal papers
treating especially of the genera comprising the tribe are as follows:
LeConte.—‘On the Species of Galeruea and Allied Genera in-
habiting North America,’’ in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.,
1865, 204-222.
Horn.— ‘The Galerucini of Boreal America,’’ in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soe., XX, 1893, 57-136.
Horn, in the paper last cited, recognized 20 genera as belonging
to the tribe. Of these 12 are known to be or should be represented
in the State,
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GALERUCINI.
a. Front coxal cavities closed behind.
b. Tarsal claws appendiculate, i. e., with broad expansion at base; tibice
with spurs; smaller, not over 7 mm.
c. First joint of antenne longer than fourth, third joint elongate;
elytra dull red or yellow with black spots. XLII. Crroroma.
ce. First joint of antenne not longer than fourth, third joint shorter ;
elytra metallic blue or greenish. AGELASA
bb. Tarsal claws bifid; front and hind tibi without spurs; larger, 9 or
more mm. XDIIT. GAeruca.
ant. Front coxal cavities open behind.
ad. Claws of tarsi bifid or simple.
e. All the tibise without terminal spurs.
f. Epipleurse short, scureely passing (he middle of elytra; elytra
metallic blue with » dull yellow median crossbar. Monocersra,
Tf. Wpipleure long, reaching nearly to fips of elytra,
g. Antenne longer than half the body; tarsal claws deeply bifid
in both sexes,
THE LEAR BEETLES. 1165
hk. Third joint of antennze shorter than fourth; size larger, T or
more mm. XLIV. TrRimrHaspa.
hh. Third joint of antenne longer than fourth: smaller, not
over 6.5 mm. XLV. GALERUCELLS.
gg, Autennz not reaching middle of body, third jvint longer than
fourth; tarsal claws narrowly bifid in males. simple in fe-
males. MONOSLA.
ee. Tibie, in part at least. with terminal spurs.
i. Middle and hind tibise with terminal spurs: antennze similar in
the sexes; elytra greenish or sreenish-yellow, usually with
black spots or stripes: thorax usually with two fovew or pits.
XLVI. D1aBgorica.
ii. All the tibiee with minute terminal spurs; fifth to seventh joints
of antenne broadly dilated in male; elytra shininy bluish-zreen
with a narrow yellow border. XALVIT. PARATRIABIUS.
dd. Claws of tarsi appendiculate.
j- Epipleura not distinct; tibiae without spurs: color black and yellow.
XLVITI. PHY Lioprorica.
Jj. Eyipleura well defined.
k. Tibie with -purs:; elytra black or blue. XLIX. LUPERODES.
kk. Tibiz without spurs; elytra black and yellow.
L. PHYLLECTHRUS.
XLIT. Cerotowa Chev. 1854. (Gr... ‘horn + joint.’’)
To this genus helengs a single rather small, oval species. having
the antenne slender, first joint rather long. second short, third
nearly as long as first. fourth shorter, 5-11 nearly equal: first joint
of hind tarsus as long as the folowing joints together.
#2155 (6545). CEROTOMA TRIFURCATA Forst.. Nov. Sy. Ins... 1771, 29.
Oval, narrower in front, moderately convex.
Body beneath and head black; above dull yellow.
rarely reddish. the elytra usually with black basal
and side margins. the latter extending nearly to
apex and with three black spots on each side of
and close to suture. the hind one the sinaller; the
spots and bsrder often in part lacking. soimetimes
to such an extent as to leave only the scutellum
black; anteni:e and legs vellow, the tibisee and often
the femora in part black. Thorax nearly twice as
wide as long. slightly narrowed in front, margin
broader near hase: disk very finely and sparsely Fig 506. (After Chittenden in
punctate. Elytra with irregular rows of fine, rather ey) IX. New Ser.. T. &. Div:
distant punctures. Length 3.5-5 mm. (Fig. 506.) .
Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-October 15. Hi-
bernates in small numbers beneath logs and other cover in low,
moist places. Oceurs in summer on bush-clover (Lespedeza), tick
1164 FAMILY LUT.—CtrVSOMELIDA.
trefoil, beans and other leguminous plants. Listed as C. caminea
Fab. In one specimen at hand the dorsal spots of elytra are merged
to form a stripe each side of suture. If destructive to bean leaves,
hand picking early in the season and spraying with arsenicals later
will serve as remedies.
Agelasa halensis Linn., oval, convex, dull yellow, elytra blue or
greenish, length 5-7 min., is known from Connecticut and Wiscon-
sin, and may yet be found in Indiana.
XLII. Gauerves Geoff. 1764. (l., ‘Sa helmet + caterpillar.’’)
Broadly oval, subeonvex species having the head moderately
large, not deeply inserted; front grooved between the antenne,
which are rather stout, not longer than half the body, joint three
nearly twice as lone as the second, three to ten gradually decreas-
ing in length, eleventh longer; scutellum nearly semicircular; ep1-
pleurw entire; tible carinate on outer edge, the middle pair with
one terminal spur; first joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the
next two, the claws cleft shghtly behind the middle, the inner lobe
much the smaller. Two species are known from the United States.
One of them, intreduced from Europe, has been taken in Indiana.
PIAG (——). CaALercca PoMON Seep., Ent. Carniol. 1763, 823
Broadly ovate, subconvex, Tuk piceous brown above, black beneath,
feebly shining; elytra narrowly margined with dull yellow. Thorax more
than twice as wide as lovg, very conrsely and densely punctured; disk with
a lroad but shallow median groove and with an irregular depression each
side. Blytra each with three or four smooth raised lines, the broad inter-
vals with dense, coarse, confluent punctures. Length 8.5-11 mim.
Laporte and Kosciusko counties; rare. July 1-August 26. The
larva: feed on the foliage of Philo divaricata and Dentaria laciniata.
The speries was first taken in this country hy Dury near Cincinnati
in 1878 and probably occurs sparingly threughout the State.*
Vonceesta coryli Say, dull vellow. elytra metallic blue, length
10-16 mn, eccurs on hazelnut and is known from Virginia, Hlinvis
end Kansas.
XLIV. Trirsasp, Lev. 1865, (Gr, ** three + vod.’?)
Medium-sized clongate-oblong, feebly convex spevies with usu-
ally opaque, finely punctured and pubescent surface; antenne slen-
dor, two-thirds the leneth of bedy; therax neh broader than lone,
widest at middle, the angles distinet and move or less pronunent ;
*A full account of its habits and life history, by J.J) Davis, is given in Entomological News, July, 1907,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1165
elytra elongate, parallel, distinctly margined at sides, the epipleure
narrow; color in our species brown with dull vellow stripes; tarsal
claws of males narrowly bifid at tip, of females more broadly bifid
behind the tip. Three species have been taken in the State, while
another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRIRHABDA.
a. Thorax more than twice as wide as long; epipleura of female piceous.
PAST. BREVICOLLIN.
ad, Thorax not twice as wide as long: epipleura always pale.
b. Elytra very densely and finely punctured, the punctures so dense as
to be indistinct as such; black stripes of elytra united near tips.
e. The yellow diseal stripe of elytra broader at bise. gradually nar-
rowed to tip, avd extending only three-fourths to apex.
TOMENTOSA.
cc. The yellow stripe broad, parallel and entire. PISS. CANADENSIS.
bb. Elytra closely punctate but the punctures distinctly separated; black
stripes of elytra not united near tips. 219, VIRGATA,
2157 (GSU7T). TRIRHABDA BREVICOLLIS Lec., Proc, Phil. Acnd. Nat. Sei, 1865,
Ts
Elongate-oval. Head and thorax dull yellow, the former with a small
black spot on vertex ; the latter with three irregular fuscous spots, the mid-
dle one often forked or cordate, sometinies wanting; elytra dull yellow with
a common sutural piceous stripe. broad at base and gradually narrowing to
apex, each also with a piceous stripe extending from humerus nearly to
tip, then curving, and joining the sutural in the male; antenne piceous, the
three basal joints in part pale; femora yellow, tibia: on outer side and tarsi
piceous. Thorax with sides cbtusely angulate; disk with a rather deep
oblique impression each side. Elytra closely and finely punctate. Length
8.5-9.5 mm.
Dekalb, Vieo, Putnam and Marion counties; frequent locally.
June 23-September 21. Occurs espectally on leaves of prickly ash,
Nanthorylin americanun Mall.
T. tomentosa Linn., length 8.5-10 min., oeceurs abundantly on the
Atlantie coast from Long Island to Florida. It is herewith in-
cluded as the range of brevicollis was given ‘Sev coast Florida to
Texas,’’? and one is as likely to oceur in Indiana as the other.
2158 (G8O2D). LRIRHABDA CANADENSIS Kirby, Faun. Bor, Amer... TV, 1827,
219%
Elongate-oblong, slightly broader behind. Head and thorax dull yel-
low, the former with a black spot on vertex; the latter with an oval cen-
tral spot and a round one each side: elvtva with margins and a broad dis-
cal stripe dull yellow, the black stripe on side broader hehind the middle.
then parrower at apex and incurving to join the sutural; antenne piceous,
the basal joints partly dull yellow: legs pale vellow, the tarsi dusky. Tho-
1166 PAMILY LIII.—CURYSOMELID.E.
rax two-thirds wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides sinuate;
disk with a vague oblique impression each side, sparsely and coarsely punc-
tate. Blytra sparsely and finely punctate. Length 7.5-10 mm.
Lake and Marshall counties; scarce. July +-July 30. The larve
are said to feed on goldenrod (Solidago).
2150 (USO22). TRIRTABDA VIRGATA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865,
220.
Oblong-oyal. Color nearly as in canadcasis but the yellow stripes nar-
rower, so that the elytra are more black than yellow, and the spots on
thorax are usually larger. Antenne piceous, the basal joints dull yellow
beneath, the fifth much longer than third, the second and third together
but little longer than fourth. Thorax with sides less sinuate than in the
preceding, the surface sparsely and irregularly punctate. Length 7-9 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 25-September 7. Said
by Horn to ‘‘oceur on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to
Florida.’
NOV. GALERUCELLA Crotch. 1873. (Gr., ‘diminutive of Gale-
ruca,’’)
Small oval brownish or reddish species, having the head usually
with a distinct median impressed line; antenne as long or longer
than half the body, the third joimt longer than fourth; thorax with
a median and two lateral impressions; elytra irregularly punctate,
the epipleure extending three-fourths to apex: front coxal cavities
open behind; tibiw carinate on the outer side and without terminal
spurs; first Joint of hind tarsi not longer than the next two; tarsal
claws bifid in both sexes. They oceur for the most part on herbs
growing in low, moist places, on the flowers of water-lilies, or on
the foliage of trees and shrubs bordering marshes. Ten of the
eleven species recognized by Horn probably occur in the State, while
luteola, an introduced species, has also been taken. They were for-
merly classified under the genera Adimonia and Galeruca.
rs 2
Fig. 507. J, Elytral markings of Galerucella americana; 2, of G. sexi ittata; 3, of G integra; 4, of G notulata;
5, of G, notata. (After Horn.)
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1167
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GALERUCELLA.
a. Antennie similar in color above and beneath; elytra coarsely punctate,
more finely towurds apex.
b. Elytra with elongate black markings or narrow stripes.
ec. Side margins of elytra not at all flattened; middle coxze separated
by the mesosternum.
d. Elytra very coarsely punctate; thorax more or less shining, the
black spouts often indistinct. 2160. AMERICANA.
dd. Elytra less convex and less coarsely and more closely punctate;
thorax opaque. the spots distinct. 2161, SEXVITPATA,
ec, Side margins of elytra distinctly flattened; middle cox con-
tiguous.
e. Sutural dark line indistinct or absent, the next inner line long,
nearly reaching the apex. (Tig. 507, No. 3.) INTEGRA.
ee. Sutural dark line distinct.
f. Sutural dark stripe joined by the next at or behind the mid-
dle. (ig. 507, No. 4.) 2162. NOTULATA.
Jf. Dark stripe next to the sutural one very short. basal. (Fig.
507, No. 5.) 2163. NOTATA.
bb. Elytra without elongate dark marks, the side margins often paler.
yg. Color dull brick red; head red.
h. Elytra more coarsely punctured, the intervals between the punc-
tures distinct; surface shining. 2164. cAVICOLLIS.
hh. Elytra finely and densely punctured; surface subopaque.
RUFOSANGUINEA.
w¢. Color dull yellow, brownish or piceous; occiput usually piceous.
i. Form convex, elytra coarsely punctate.
2160a. var. AMERICANA.
ii. Form subdepressed.
j. Middle coxie separated by a prolongation of the mesosternum ;
thorax angulate at middle, subsinuate behind, hind angles
obtuse. PIGS. NYMPH-EE.
jj. Middle cox contiguuus; hind angles of thorax distinct.
k. Thorax irregularly punctate, with smooth areas along the
apex and near the front angles; elytra dull reddish-brown.
2166, TUBERCULATA. |
kk. Thorax densely and evenly punctured and opaque; elytra
dull brownish-yellow to piceous. PIGT. DECORA.
aa. Antenne piceous above. pale beneath; elytra rather finely and equally
punctate. 2168. LUTEOLA.
2160 (6899). GALERUCELLA AMERICANA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 489.
Oval, mere convex than in the other species. Dull yellow, sparsely
pubescent ; elytra each with three piceous lines, these often indistinct or
even wanting (Fig. 507. No. 1): apical half of antennie. and sometimes the
metasternum and abdomen, piceous. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long. wider at base than apex, sides curved, surface sumetimes sparsely
(female). more usually rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra oval
with rounded humeri. sides not flattened. surface very coarsely, deeply and
rather closely punctate. Length 4-6 mm.
[7423402]
1168 PAMILY LWl.—CIIRYSOM ELIDA.
Lake, Laporte, Clark and Knox counties; scarce. May 25-
July 25. The variety without spots (2160a) occurs with the type.
PIGL (G901). GALERUCELLA sexviTTATA Lee. Proc, Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci.
1SG5, 215.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull yellow or pale brown, opaque; pubes-
cence sparse, prostrate; thorax with three distinct black spots; elytra each
with three narrow piceous lines (Fig. 507, No. 2); antenne and seuitellum
entirely black. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinetly narrower in front;
sides curved, hind angles distinct; disk densely punctured. Elytra slighty
broader behind, tips obtuse; surface rather finely and densely punctured.
Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-August 2.0 Taken by
sweeping herbave in low, moist lands.
G, inlegra Lee., dull vellow, elytra cach with a subsutural and
three dorsal lines, length 4-5 mm., oeeurs from Pennsylyania to
Florida and Texas.
*2162 (6909). GALBRUCELLA NOTULATA Fabr., Syst. Mleut., I, 1801, 48).
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Tull dusky yellow, sparsely
clothed with fine, prostrate, silken pubescence; thorax with three black
spots; elytra each with four narrow black lines (Fig. 507, No. 4), viz, a
sutural rarely reaching the base, a second oblique one on basal half, join-
ing sutural at middle; a third, often entire, sometimes wanting on basal
half, the fourth starting at wnbone and often joining the sutural; apical
half of antenne and metasternum piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, narrower in front, sides strongly curved, hase on each side oblique,
surface coarsely, not closely punctate. Hlytra scarcely wider behind, sur-
face closely punctate, more conrvsely on basal half. Length 3.5 5 min.
Southern half of State; frequent. January 15-Devember 1).
VWibernates beneath logs and mullein lenves in sandy localities.
Rarely the sevond dark stripe does not jein the suturel at midille,
though reaching the usual point of union.
L1GS (6910). GALERUCELLA NOrATA abr. Syst.
Kleut., I, 1801, 48s.
Resembles the preceding. but the pubescence
is more sparse and the general color usually
paler. Each elytvon is marked with a sntural
and three discal lines (Big. 507, No. 5): af these
the sutural and the second discal reach neither
base nor apex, the first discal being short and
confined to the basal fourth, while the outer line
is entire. Punctuation of upper surface some-
what finer than in wofuluta. Leneth 2.4 5 min.
(Tig. 50S, )
Throughout the State: rather frequen,
Vig, 508. (Line shows natural size.) 0 the Howers of honeset, Lupatoriwuin per-
foliation Li. May 14-Octoher 16.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1169
PIGS (G902). GALERUCELLA CAVICOLLIS Lec... Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
18G5, 216,
Oval narrower in front, subdepressed. Dull red, moderately shining,
very sparsely and finely pubesvent; antenne black ; legs dull red to piceous.
Thorax nearly twice ax wide as long. narrower in front. sides curved or ob-
turely subanugulaie, hind angles distinct; disk with a broad median depres-
sicn and another each side, surface conrsely punctured. Elytral margin
flattened; disk with coarse, deep. not crowded punctures. Length +.5-
5.5 mm.
Taken in numbers by Wolcott near Pine, Lake County. May 21.
Occurs from Canada and the New Eneland States westward to
Wisconsin. Probably to be found throughout the northern third
of the State.
G. rufosangiinca Say. leneth 4.5-5.5 mm., is known from Penn-
svlvania southward.
2165 (i906). GALERUCELLA NY MPU Ae4E Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, 370.
Oblong-oval, narrower in front. subdepressed.
Piceous brown, finely pubescent; thorax dull yellow.
usualy with three piceous spats: side margin, apex
and epipleura of elytra yellowish; under surface
and antennze piccous, the basi joints of the latter
partly dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax twice us wide
as long. sides rather strongly angulate; front angles
sinall, prominent, hind angles nearly obsvlete; disk
with median narrow depression and a larger one
each side which is densely punctured and piceous 5
surface otherwise smooth or with a few course
punctures. Elytra slightly broader behind, mar-
eins distinetly flattened, surface coarsely and rather
closely punctate. Length 45-6 mm. (Fig. 509.)
ee Beit a fF Sinte. freyeent: Knox | tig. 509. x 6 (After Chitten-
Northern half of tat see t; 2 den in Bull. No. 54, U.S. Bur. Ent.)
snd Lawrenee counties only in the south.
March 26-September 29. Probakly hihernates. Occurs on the pads
and flowers of the white and vellow water-hlies.
PUGG (ONO4). GALERUCELLA TUBERCULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1sz4. 456; ibid. 11. 220.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed, apaque. finely pubescent. Culur variable,
dull reddish-brown to picevus: antennee black; legs pale or partly piceous.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. sides rounded or obtusely subangulate,
hind angles distinct, base sinuate each side: surfave coarsely and closely
punctured, smoother near the frent angles and along the apex. FElytra some-
whit wider behind the middle: disk c.arvsely and deeply punctured. more
sparsely and finely at sides and apex. Length 5-G min.
Wayne and Marien counties: rare. May 26—June 18. The usual
black spots of thorax are often wanting,
1170 FAMILY LIII.-—CHRYSOMELID.%.
2167 (6907). GALERUCELLA DECORA Say, Long’s Second Exped., II, 1824,
294; ibid. I, 195.
Oblong, scarcely wider behind, subdepressed. Dull yellow or dusky
brown clothed with fine, short, yellow, silken pubescence; antennse wholly
piceous or with the basal joints partly dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax twice
as wide as long, narrower-in front, sides curved, hind angles slightly promi-
nent, base oblique each side; disk with a vague median impression and a
large, shallow one each side, marked with piceous. Elytra scarcely widened
behind, surface coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate. Length 4.5-
5.5 mm.
Lake County ; scarce. May 21—June 30. Occurs on willow. Tas
the same range as cacicollis and, like it, probably confined to the
northern third of the State.
2168 (6912). GALERUCELLA LUTEOLA Mull, Melanges Soc. Roy. Turin, 1766,
ILI, 187.
Oblong, subdepressed. Dull olive or
greenish-yellow. finely pubescent; head
with a black spot on vertex and another
between the eyes; thorax with three black
spots; elytra with a stripe on sides and a
narrow, short line on middle of base.
black; abdomen piceous. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed
in front; disk with an oblique depression
each side and a shallow pit on median line
near apex; surface rather sparsely pune-
tate. Elytra with sides nearly parallel,
huivgins flattened, surface rather finely
and evenly punctate. Length 5-7 nm, (Mig.
510.)
This is the injurious ‘‘eln-leat
heetle,? introduced from Europe into
the United States near Baltimore
Fig 510. (After Howard in Far. Bull. 99, about T8387. Since then it has gradu-
U.S. Dep. Agr.) '
ally spread southward and westward
and reached Harrison County, Indiana, about 1905, probably by
way of the Ohio River. It is abundant on the elms of Lcprsiaiel
Elizabeth and Corydon in that county, from which the specimens in
the collection were obtained, The hectle hibernates as imago he-
neath bark, in cracks of wood and other shelter, and emerges to
feed on the first opening buds in spring. The eges are laid in
clusters of five to 20 or more on the lower side of the elm leaves and
hateh in ahout a werk, The larve feed on the under side of the
leaf, gradnally skeletonizing it. They reach full erowth in 15 to 20
days, and then crawl or fall to the ground and ch
anyve to pupe,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1171
from which they emerge as imagoes in six to ten days. There are
usually two broods each season, those of the second hibernating.
The only remedy is the spraying of the trees with an arsenical
solution two or three times a year; once just after the buds have
opened, to kill as many of the mating insects as possible; a second
time two or three weeks later to kill the larva, the majority of which
have hatched by that time. A third spraying about June first will
also be found beneficial. The crushing of the larve at the surface
of the ground when they are about to transform is also recom-
mended. With the foothold that it has gamed the beetle will un-
doubtedly spread over the southern third of the State and ulti-
mately do much damage to the many noble elms of that section.
Monoria puncticollis Say, pale yellow to entirely black, or elytra
with stripes, length 7-8.5 mm., is known from Massachusetts and
Florida westward.
XLVI. Diasrotica Chev. 1850. (Gr., ‘‘through + gnaw.’’)
Small or medium-sized, oval or ob-
long beetles having the head not inserted
as far as the eves, which are broadly oval
and entire; antenne slender, longer than
half the body, second and third joints
often very small; thorax broader than
long, sometimes nearly square, the disk
usually with two pits or fover; elytra
with a very distinct and slightly reflexed
side margin; front coxe contiguous, the
cavities open behind; tibie slender, the
middle and hind pair with terminal
spurs. the outer edge usually carinate
from knee to tip: first joint of hind
tarsus as long as the next two; tarsal
claws bifid. Three species have been Pip sth, <5
taken in the State. and a fourth prob- (After Forbes. )
ably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIABROTICA.
«a. Tibiw carinate along the outer edge; elytra without black stripes.
b. Elytra each with six black spots; abdomen and base of femora pale.
21690, T2-PUNCTATA,
bb. Elytra unicolorous without spots.
1172 FAMILY LI.—-CHRYSOMELID.E.
e Head and legs in part piceous; elytra black. ATRIPENNIS,
ce, Iead and legs pale; elytra green or yellow. 2170. LONGICORNIS.
aa. Tibixe not carinate along the outer edge; elytra yellow with black
stripes. 2171. VITTATA.
2109 (0581), Drapgorica 12-et scrarsa Fubr, Bye. cot. iis, 3,
Oblong-oval, narrower in front, moderately convex. Lule greenish-yel-
low; head and proesternum black; elytra each with six black spots, as
shown in Fig. 511; antennie dark, with three basal joints pale, the second
and third together about as long as fourth; legs except base of femorz
piceous. Thorax wider than long, surface smooth; disk convex with a
rather deep pit each side of middle. Elytra sparsely and very finely punc-
tate. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 511.)
Throughout the State; common. May 30-Oetober 21. Occurs
on the foliage of cucumber, melon and allied plants, but is much
less injurious to them than is D. viltata; found also on goldenrod,
corn and imany plants. The larve Feed on the roots of corn and
grasses.
Dz atripennis Say, entirely black, or with thorax and abdomen
in part or wholly yellow, length 4-5 mm.. is said to cecur from
Massachusetts to Kansas and Dakota, but no specimens have as yet
heen noted in Indiana.
2170 (GSSS). DIABROTICA LONGICORNIS Say. Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, i824, 460; ibid. 1I, :
Flongate-oblong. Greenish or
greenish-yellow; antenne, and
sometimes the head and thorax,
pale reddish-brown. Thorax near-
ly quadrate, sides curved in
front, slightly sinuate behind;
disk convex, smooth, with a rather
deep foven each side. Antenne
two-thirds the length of body.
Elytra distinetly wider behind
the middie, surface vaguely sub-
sulcate, rather coarsely and close-
ly punctate and with a raised line
from wimbone two-thirds to apex.
Length 5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 512.)
Throughout the State, fre-
quent; more so in the south-
Most abundant in early autumn
on the silk and leaves of ripening corm and on the flowers of wild
sunflower and goldenvod.
Fig. 512. x 10. (After Forbes,)
crn counties, June 22-Octoker 5.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1173
*2171 (6885). Dzaprotica virrata Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, 122.
Oblong-oval. Pale yellow above; head, scutellum,
one common sutural and a discal stripe on each ely-
tron, black; under surface. autennie, except the three
basal joints, knees, front tibize, tips of middle and hind
tibize and tarsi piceous. Thorax one-fourth wider than
long, sides curved in front; disk smooth but with two
deep fover. Elytra rather broadly striate. the stri:e
each with two rows of punctures, intervals convex,
subcostate. Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 513.)
Throughout the State; common. Known as
the “‘striped cucumber beetles,’? and very in-
jurious to cneumber and melon vines. Hiber- Vig 513.
nates beneath rubbish in the vicinity of gardens — “A “hHenden
and melon patches. February 7—December 11. Mating April 26 in
numbers on the flowers of Crafiwgus and wild plum; also taken at
sap. The heetle eats into the stems of the melon vines at the sur-
face and the larve mines in them a little under ground. ‘‘Remedial
measures vary and generally result in an effort to keep away the
beetles until the vines are well established. This is sometimes ac-
complished hy planting an excess of seed so as to allow the insects
to kill a number of the plants and yet leave enough for the farmer;
sometimes ground tobacco at the base of the plant is used as a repel-
lant, and this is good if it be ground fine. The beetles may also be
driven away with air-slaked lime or plaster. Occasionally carbol-
ized lime or plaster is used, and sometimes kerosene or turpentine
is mixed with plaster. All these are wood, and the hest is that which
succeeds best with the individual farmer.’’ *
NBLVIIL Pararrrarius Sehf. 1907. (Gr., ‘near + Triarius.’’)
This genus was established to embrace the long lost Galeruca
dorsata Say which was rediscovered by Dury near Cincinnati in
1903. It is a small-sized oblong-oval species having the antennwe
longer than half the body, first joint stout, slightly larger than
fourth, second small, third and following subequal, the fifth to
seventh broadly dilated on outer side in inale; elytral punctures
confused; lees slender, all the tibiz with minute spurs; first joint of
hind tarsi as long as the next three toycther; claws deeply bifid, the
inner lobes convergent and touching.
2172 (——). PaRATRIARIUS pORSATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci., III,
1824, 456; ibid. IT, 221.
Oblong-oval. Front of head, thorax, under surface, legs and narrow
border of elytra pale yellow; vertex black; elytra bluish-green, shining; an-
*J_B. Smith, Cat. N. J. Insects, 1899, 310.
1174 PAMILY LIUL---CHRYSOMELID.E.
tennie and a line on outer side of tibiee and tarsi, brownish. Thorax twice
as broad as long; disk with a shallow fovea each side, very sparsely and
finely punctate. Elytra slightly widening from base to apex, rather coarsely
and closely punctate and with an irregular depression near the suture on
apieal third. Length 6-6.5 mm.
Vermillion County; rare. July 21. Dury has taken this hand-
some beetle in numbers near Cincinnati on the spiderwort, Trades-
cantia virginiana L. He states that it is the most active Chryso-
melid known to him, flying like a Cicindela 50 to 100 feet before
alighting, and that it occurs only in late June and July, the males
disappearing by July 15th. It probably occurs throughout the
southern third of Indiana.
XLVITI. Puyt.osrorica Redt. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘leaf+ gnaw.’’)
Elongate-oblong, black and yellow beetles, having the head
transversely grooved between the eves, which are nearly round and
prominent; antenne slender, longer in the female, the third joint
longer than second; thorax transversely quadrate, sides nearly
straight, disk usually with depressions; elytra parallel without side
margins or separate epipleure ; tibie without spurs; first joint of
hind tarsi scarcely as long as the next two; claws appendiculate
and divaricate. Five species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYLLOBROTICA.
a. Head black, front pale.
b. Elytra yellow, with two piceous spots on each. 2173. DECORATA.
bb. Elytra each with two black stripes. 211+ VETTATA,
ada. Head entirely yellow.
ec. Last ventral of male with a shallow longitudinal impression; elytra
piceous, with suture and sides yellow; abdomen black, sparsely
pubescent. 2175. DISCOIDEA.
ec. Last ventral of male with a deep cup-shaped eavity.
d. Abdomen dull yellow, sparsely pubescent; elytra as in discoidcu.
2176. LIMBATA.
dd. Abdomen black, densely pubescent ; elytra yellow with a subsutural
and short subapical marginal stripe black. 2177. LENGI.
2173 (6847). PHYLLOBROTICA DECORATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1824. 459; ibid. tT, 223.
Hlougate, parallel. Front of head, thorax and legs yellow; elytra yel-
low with two black or piceous spots, one at base smaller and oval, one be-
hive middle oblong; under surface and antenne piceous, the three basal
joints of latter yellow. ‘Thorax broader than long; disk smooth, basal edge
sinuate. Klytra very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm.
Lake, Stcnuhen, Starke, Woseiusko snd Crawtord counties ; searve.
June 5-July 2. Occurs on foliage of various kinds along the edges
of marshes.
THR LUBA BHI LES. 1175
2174 (10,379). PHyLioprotica virrata Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.,
XX, 1898, 100.
Elongate-oblong. Head black, front yellow; thorax, legs and under
surface yellow; elytra piceous, the side margin and suture yellow and a
median yellow stripe extending partly or wholly from umbone to apex; an-
tenn dusky, the basal joints yellow. Thorax one-half wider than long,
sides nearly straight; disk smooth, with a shallow transverse depression on
basal half. Elytra sparsely and finely punctate. Fifth ventral segment of
male with a deep, cup-shaped cavity as in limbatu. Length 4-5 mm.
Spencer County; rare. May 24. Taken by sweeping herbage
along roadsides.
2175 (6848). PHYLLOBROTICA DISCOIDEA Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801. 485.
Elongate, parallel. Head, thorax, legs and under surface, except the
abdomen, yellow; elytra piceous or bluish-black, with a sutural line, wider
at base, and narrow side margins, yellow; antenn piceous, the three basal
joints indistinctly paler; tips of tibiz and tarsi piceous. Thorax wider
than long, slightly wider at apex; disk smooth, with a rather deep fovea
each side of middle. Elytra sparsely and rather finely punctate. Length
4-65 mm.
Western half of State; scarce. May 27-Julv 25. Oceurs on the
arrow alum (Pellandra undulata Raf.) and other plants about the
margins of marshes.
2176 (10,378). PiryLLoprorTica LIMBATA Fab., Syst. Hleut., I, 1801, 486.
Resembles discoidca very closely in form and color. The basal joints
of antennre are more distinctly paler and the body beneath is wholly dull
yellow. Thorax with a bruad but shallow transverse depression on basal
half. Elytra more finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctate; abdomen very
sparsely pubescent. Length 4-6 mm.
Northern half of State, searee; Knox County only in the south.
June 25-August 9. In similar localities with the preceding. The
males are easily separated from those of discoidea by the deep pit of
last ventral segment.
2177 (——). PHYLLOBROTICA LENGI sp. nov.
Form of discoidea. Color of head, thorax and under surface as there;
color of elytra given in key; legs yellow, tarsi fuscous. Thorax as wide as
long, slightly wider at apex; disk smooth, with a median and two lateral
sub-basal impressions. Elytra finely alutaceous, sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Perry County: rare. May 16. Swept from roadside herbage.
The last ventral of male is like that of Jubal, convex in front, with
deep, cup-shaped cavity behind, this prolonged at middle by a short
truncate lobe limited each side by a notch. The dark, strongly pu-
bescent abdomen and different color of elytra readily distinguish it
from Jimbata, while the former character and yellow head separate
1176 FAMILY LUI.—CHRYSOMELID.
it from viltata. Aceording to Knab there are, in the U. 8S. Museum
collection, two males of Iengi, placed as males of vittata, while there
is no true vitfata male present. Named in honor of Chas. W. Leng,
of New York City, who has shown me many favors during my work
on this paper.
XLLIX. Luerropes Motsch. 1858. (Gr., ‘‘troublesome.’’)
This genus comprises the majority of the species formerly listed
under Luperus. They are oblong, small-sized beetles, having the
head transversely grooved between the eyes and carinate between
the antenne: the latter slender, longer than half the body, joints
2 and 3 small, together not longer than fourth; thorax variable in
form, transverse to quadrate, the disk never distinctly impressed ;
elytra with epipleura extending nearly to apex; front coxal cavities
open behind, the coxe often separated hy a narrow prolongation
of the prosternum; tibia with a terminal spur, that of the hind
pair the longer; claws appendiculate and divaricate. But one spe-
cies has been recognized from the State, though two others may
oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LUPERODES.
a. Thorax yellow, twice as wide as long; form oval; elytra black or pic-
eous, sparsely punctate; legs yellow. THORACICUS.
aa, Thorax blue or black; antennre yellow.
b. Elytra punctate and alutaceous; hind angles of thorax dentiform; all
the femora more or less piceous. MERACA,
bb. Wlytra very obsoletely punctate, scareely alutaceous; hind angles of
thorax not dentiform ; middle and hind femora often partly piceous.
2178. CYANELLUS.
L. thoracicus Melsh., length 4+.5-5 mm., and DL. meraca Say,
length 5 mm., both range from Pennsylvania to Kansas; the latter
has been recorded from {llinois.
2178 (6865). Luprropes cyANELLUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acid. Nat. Sci, 1865,
209.
Elongate-oblong. Above dark blue, strongly shining, beneath piceous;
antenne and legs usually entirely yellow, the middle and hind thighs some-
times piceous near base. Thorax a little wider than long, sides slightly
curved, hind angles distinct, not prominent; disk convex, smooth, sparsely
punctured at sides and base. Elytra sparsely and finely punctate, feebly
alutaceous. Length 3.5—-4.5 mi.
Marion, Jackson and Crawford counties: scarce. May 17—June
2+. Occurs on the flowers of wild rose.
THE LEAF BEETLES. ti
L. Puyuriecruretcs Lee. 1865. (Gr., ‘‘leaf + eating.’’)
Small, elongate, nearly smooth species having the eves oval, dis-
tant from the margin of the thorax; antenne slender, 10-jointed in
the male of gentilis, 11-jointed in the other spevies; thorax broader
than long, sides distinctly margined, base curved; elytra with very
distinct side margins and epipleure, the latter narrow; front cox®
contiguous; tibie slender, without spurs; first joint of hind tarsi
longer than the next two together; claws broadly appendiculate at
base. One of the four species has been taken in the State and an-
other probably occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYLLECTIIRUS.
a. Antenne piceous and 11-jointed in both sexes. thickened toward the tip,
male, or filiform, female; elytra but slightly wider than thorax.
DORSALIS.
aad. Antenne filiform and piccous in both sexes. but 10-jointed, male, 11-
jointed, female; elytra distinctly wider than thorax.
2179. GENTILIS.
P. dorsalis Oliv., head, thorax and under side of body yellow,
elytra and abdomen black, length 6 mm., occurs ‘‘from Washington,
D. C., to Missouri and Texas.”’
2174 (6853). PHYLEECTHRUS GENTILIS Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1865. 208,
Elongate-oblong, parallel. Tlead, and often a ee aoe
the thorax, entirely yellow, the latter, how- S yf :
ever, usually with a broad black stripe each
side with the extreme margin pale: elytra
sometimes wholly black, more often with the
suture, side margins and apex yellow; under
surface and legs yellow, the former seme- fe es
times piceous: antenne piceous, the three oa
basal joints partly yellow. Thorax slightly
wider than long, sides nearly straight; disk
smooth, convex and with a vague impression
behind the middle. Elytra very finely alu-
taceous, without punctures. Length 2.5-4+ mm. (Vig. 514.)
x 7. (Criginal.)
Southern third of State. scarce; Kosciusko County only in the
north. May 19—June 23. Occurs on bush-cloyer (Lespedeza) along
roadsides.
Tribe XN. HALTICINI.
A large group of small or medium-sized, leaf-eating forms, dis-
tinguished from the preceding tribe mainly hy the fact that the hind
thighs are greatly enlarged and thickened for leaping. As a conse-
1178 FAMILY LIII.—-CHRYSOMELID.®.
quence they are known as ‘‘flea-beetles’’ or ‘* jumping beetles,”’ this
term being especially applied to the small biack species of Haltica
and Epitriz, which are very injurious to vegetation in the mature or
adult stage.
In addition to the thickened hind femora, most of the species
are distinguished from the Galerucina by having the front coxe
separated by a prolongation of the prosternum, and the hind tibie
provided with a terminal spur which gives them a point of resistance
in the act of leaping. The third joint of the antenne is, in most
species, equal to or longer than the fourth, whereas in the preceding
tribe it is usually smaller. The identification of some of the mem-
bers of the group is among the most difficult in the family, yet most
of the genera have a peculiar facies or general appearance which,
once learned, leads readily to the proper placing of additional spe-
cies. The principal paper treating of the North American forms
is by
Horn.‘ A Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVI, 1889, 163-320.
Of the 33 genera recognized by Horn as comprising the tribe,
22 are known to be or should be represented in the State. For con-
venience, and to avoid a long generic key, these are first divided
into two subtribes.
KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF HALTICINI.
a. Front coxal cavities open behind. Subtribe A, p. 1178.
aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind. Subtribe B, p. 1205.
Subtribe A. (Havricrnt.)
As mentioned above, the di-
vision of the Halticini into two
subtribes is for convenience only
and is wholly arbitrary. Aside
c from the open coxal cavities on
Fig. 515. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of CEdionychis; te ae ie oe i iat
same of Disonycha; ce. same of Longitarsus, Gate members of it pu aon oie
mcst part larger than those of
the second, being usually 3.5 or more mm. in length. They are also
mostly more ornate or variegated in color. Twelve of the 22 genera
belong to this group.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1179
KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF HALTICINI, SUBTRIBE A.
a. Last joint of hind tarsi globosely swollen (Fig. 515, @); punctures of
elytra confused; surface glabrous; thorax very little narrower than
elytra. LI. QepionycH is,
aa. Last joint of hind tarsi not inflated, usually slender, sometimes thick-
ened when viewed from the side.
b, Mesosternum always visible, usually moderately long.
c. Thorax without a transverse impression near the base; hind tibize
faintly or not grooved.
d. First joint of hind tarsus short, as compared with the tibie, and
rather broad; claws appendiculate (Fig. 515, 6); size medium,
4.5 or mere win. LIT. DisonycHa.
dd. First joint of hind tarsus long and slender; claws simple; size
smaller, less than 4 mm.
e. Hind tibize grovved above ur on the outer edge, at least near
apex; elytra without yellow stripes or spots.
f. Hind tibie with the apex entire, the spur placed in the mid-
dle in front of the tarsus.
g. Punctures of elytra confused; first joint of hind tarsus
nearly or quite ws long as half the tibia (Fig. 515, ¢).
LIII. Loneirarsus.
gg. Punctures of elytra in regular rows; first joint of hind
tarsus not more than one-third the length of the tibize
and sciureely as long as the three following joints united.
LIV. GLyYPTINA.
ff. Hind tibisee deeply grooved above, with the apex notched or
bilobed, the spur placed on the cuter lobe; reddish-brown,
shining. LY. APHTHONA.
ec, Hind tibie not grooved vn the outer edge, slightly excavated
near the tip, the spur at middle beneath; elytra each usually
with a yellow stripe or spots. LVI. DVHYLLOTRETA.
cc. Thorax with a transverse impression on basal half.
h. Transverse impression of thorax usually feeble, not distinctly
limited at each end; elytral punctures, when present, confused.
i. Hind tibiz each with a short terminal spur. LVII. Hatrica.
ii. Hind tibiee wholly without spurs. LVIII. Ltprerarrica,
Ah, Transverse impression deep, limited at euch end ly a_ longi-
tudinal fuld; above bicolored.
j. Elytra nearly smooth, the punctures, when present, extremely
fine and scattered. LIX. Lactic.
jj. Elytra with distinct punctures in rows.
k. Form oval; surface without erect hairs. DIPHAULACA.
kk. Form oblong, parallel; elytra with short hairs arising from
punctures on the intervals. LX. ‘TRICHALTICA.
1180 FAMILY LITl.—-CHRYSOMELID.E.
bb. Mesosternum very short, nearly concealed by the close approach of
the pro- and metasterna; form orbicular or hemispherical; antenne
slender, but slightly thickened externally ; color piceous black, shin-
ing. SPIL-ERODERMA.
LI. Cépronyonis Lat. 1829. (Gr., ‘swollen + joint.’’)
A large genus of oval, small or mediun:-sized species having the
head inserted in the thorax to the cves; thorax always much broader
than long, deeply emarginate in front, the margin more or less
dilated, base curved, usually obliquely sinuate near the hind angles ;
elytra oval, humeri not prominent; prosternum moderately wide
between the front cox», the eavities open hchind; side pieces of
metathorax rather wide, parallel and roughly punctured; legs short
and robust, front and middle tibiw slightly broader at apex, the
outer edge deeply grooved; hind femora very stout and _ thick,
deeply grooved beneath for the tibiw, which are short and feebly
grooved; tarsi with first joint oblong, triangar, second smaller and
narrower, last joint of hind pair globular; claws divaricate and
dilated at base. Males with the first joint of front tarsus more
broadly dilated and last ventral segment with a deep sinuation each
side, the space between forming an oval lobe with a finely impressed
line at middle. Eleven species have been taken in the State, while
two others may oecur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GipIONYCTTIS.
a. Antenne stouter, scarcely balf the length of hody; species larger (4.5
or more mm.) and more convex; front of head oblique; elytral mar-
gins not flattened.
bd. Elytra wholly of one color.
e Elytra brilliant blue or green; thorax smooth; body beneath en-
tirely yale. PISO. GIBBLITARSA.
ec. Wlytra dull blue or greenish-black ; thorax more or less punctate 3>
body beneath in great part dark.
d. Punctures of elytra distinet, often conrse and close; thorax bor-
dered with pale. PIST. VIANS.
dd. Punctures of elytra almost obsolete : thorax black.
VASP. CONCINNA.
bb. Wlytra bicolored, either with a pale margin or with stripes on the
disk, rarely dull reddish-yellow, with the suture black,
ce. Klytra bluish, the margin pile; thorax and elyira coarsely and
closely punetate. BASS. THORACICA,
ce, Mlytra dull yellow, with or without Dlack stripes.
J. Elytva wholly dull yellow except a sutural black line.
21Sda. var. FIMBRIATA.
Tf. Elytra yellow with dark stripes.
Ww iar pwETLES, 1181
g. Three stripes on each elytron, sutural, median and submar-
ginal.
fh. Form oblong-oval; front angles of thorax not dentiform ;
body beneath and legs pale. 2184. FIMBRIATA.
hh, Form oval; front angles of thorax dentiform; elytral dark
stripes broad. PETAURISTA.
gy. Two stripes on cach elylivou, sutural and median; oval vr ob-
long-oval; fourth joint of antennie distinctly longer than
third. 2ISS, MINIATA.
aa. Auten: slender, as long as or longer than half the body; species
smaller (usually less than 4.5 inm.), much depressed; front vertical ;
elytral margins usually flattened.
é& Klytra with narrowly flattened margins: yellow with an oval discal
black space; lead yellow; umbone indistinct.
21SG. THYAMOIDES.
“#, Wlytral margins broadly flattened, the epipleure wide and horizontal.
j. Wlytra broadly oval, sides much curved, coarsely punctate; dirty
yellow with indistinet black lines. PIST. LIMBALIS.
jj. Flytra with sides feebly curved or nearly parallel, entirely piceous
or yellow with piceous spots.
ke Thorax very coarsely punctured; elytra with a more or less evi-
dent costa from the humeri to apex. 21SS. SEXMACULATA.
kk. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured or smooth; elytra without
costa on the side.
1. Head coarsely and closely punctate; elytra with base, suture
and often two spots on cach, brown, SUTURALIS.
UW. Wead sparsely punctate or alinost smooth.
wm. Susaller, not over 4+ mun; elytra usually in great part pic-
eous; wahone prominent. RISD. QUERGATA,
wm, Larger, 45-5 mm.; elytra dull yellow ornamented with black
spots tending to form transverse bands.
2190. SCALARIS.
#21SO (GORS). CaproNycluis GIBBITARSA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nut. Sci.,
TV,, (S24. 835 ibid TL, 225,
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Ifead, under surface and
femora yellow or reddish-yellow ; thorax yellow with four piccous spots, the
two median ones often more or less confluent; elytra brilliant green or co-
balt-blue; tibia, tarsi und antennée piceous; scutellum black. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, margins moderately flattened, not translucent.
Elytra sparsely and indistinctly punctulate. Length 5-7 mm.
Throughout the State: frequent. February 21—-September 29.
Hihernates beneath logs, bark. mullein leaves, ete. Occurs in sum-
mer on flowers of yarrow, wild hydrangea and other plants. The
only blue specimens taken were in Lake County.
1182 FAMILY LII].— CHRYSOMELID-".
*2181 (6932). GaDIONYCHIS VIANS I1l., Mag. fur Insect.. VI. 1807, 83.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, usually
with a slight violet or greenish lustre; thorax red-
dish-yellow with an inverted W-shaped black spot
(var. scripticollis Say) or with a large transverse
discal spot, so that the margins only are pale; tip
and sides of abdomen yellowish. Antenne about
half the length of body, third joint longer than
fourth. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, nar-
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, angles promi-
nent; surface finely alutaceous, rather coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Elytra a little wider at base
than thorax, surface alutaceous, closely and finely punctate. Length 4.5-
Tmm. (Fig. 516.)
Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-Octoher 6. ITi-
bernates with the preceding.
Tig. 516. x 5. (Original.)
2181a (6932a). QSpIONYCHIS VIANS SCRIPTICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., IV, 1824, 84; ibid. 11, 226.
Form and general appearance of vians. The head has a transverse
reddish spot between the eyes and another smaller one at the base of each
antenna; thorax with the black discal spot in the shape of an inverted W.
Elytral punctures distinctly coarser, deeper and more dense. Length 6—
7 mm.
Lake and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 14-June 12. Horn
makes this a synonym of wans, but the different punctuation of the
elytra is sufficient to make of it at least a distinct variety.
2182 (6932c). QipIoNYcHIS coNCcINNA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., T, 1801, 499.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex, feebly shining. Black, except the ely-
tra, which are dark blue or with a greenish tinge; tip and sides of abdo-
men yellowish. Antenne not half the length of body, third joint longer
than fourth. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, sides straight or feebly
curved ; base deeply sinuate near hind angles, which are prominent; surface
alutaceous, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, sparsely
and very finely punctate. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 21. Recorded before only from Geor-
gia and Texas.
2183 (6935). CEepionycomis THORACICA Fabr., Syst. Elent., I, 1801, 498.
Broadly ovate, feebly convex. lend, thorax and under surface red-
dish-yellow ; thorax with seven black dots forming a curved front row and
three just behind them, these often more or less confluent; elytra dark
blue with a narrow margin on basal half and epipleure: reddish-yellow ; an-
tenn and tarsi piceous, the former half as long as body, third and fourth
joints equal. Thorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, sides nearly
straight, angles acute; disk rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra
a little wider at base than thorax. surface rather coarsely and densels
punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm. , ,
Southern half of State: searee, April 15-October 1. Often
taken on the wing,
i
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1183
¢
2184 (6936). QEproNycuis FIMBRLATA Forst., Nov. Sp. Ins., I, 1771, 25.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. feebly shining. Dull reddish-yellow ;
thorax with five piceous spots, usually more or less confluent; elytra with
only a narrow sutural line black, or with three piceous stripes, with inter-
grades; femora and under surface, except the metasternum, reddish-yellow ;-
antenne, tibie and tarsi piceous. Thorax more than twice as wide as long,
feebly narrowed to front, margins narrow, surface finely alutaceous, rather
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, surface
closely punctate, more finely at apex. Length 5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 517, a.)
Lake and Dubois counties; rare. May 13-May 21. Taken by
sweeping herbage.
Fig. 517. a, Edionychis fimbriala; 6, O. miniata; ¢ and d, 0. ¢ fa and variety. (After Horn.)
O. petauristu Fabr., length 5.5-8.5 mm., ranges from North Car-
olina to Texas and has been recorded from Cincinnati.
#2185 (6959). QCEDIONYCHIS MINIATA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 495.
Oval, slightly ollong. convex, feebly shining. Reddish-brown beneath,
dull yellow above; thorax with a transverse brownish spot; elytra with a
sutural and each with a median discal stripe blackish; antenne, except the
base, front and middle tibizw, and all the tarsi, piceous. Thorax three times
as wide as long, sides curved and narrowed to the front; disk sparsely and
finely punctate. Elytra variably, usually finely and rather closely. punc-
tate. Length 5-65 mm. (Fig. 517, 0.)
Throughout the State: frequent. February 14-October 1. Hi-
bernates beneath rubbish in sandy localities. Taken in May by
sweeping.
2186 (6941). CEDIONYCHIS THYAMOIDES Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1873. 68.
Oval, subdepressed, moderately shining. Above pale yellow; elytra with
a broad, oval. common spot, black, tinged with greenish; under surface and
legs reddish-yellow ; head yellow, sparsely punctate. Antenne longer than
half the body. piceous. three or four basal joints paler. Thorax twice as
wide as long, distinctly broader at base than apex, margins broadly fiat-
tened; disk finely alutaceous, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra
[7523402]
1184 FAMILY LII.—CHRYSOMELID.E.
with humeri rounded, margins narrowly flattened, surface coarsely and
closely punctate. Length 4-455 mm. (Fig. 518, «.)
Southern half of State; frequent. April j1—June 14. Taken by
sweeping and beating low shrubs along roadsides. The black discal
space of elytra is sometimes so narrow as to occupy but half the
space between the suture and margin. More often it is so broad as
to leave only a pale margin and the species then resembles closely
O. quercata. The more oval form, indistinct umbone and paler
under surface will serve to distinguish it from the latter.
Fig. 518, a, Edionychis suturalis; b, same var.; ¢, O. limbalis; d, O. thyamoites, (After Horn.)
2187 (6945b). QaprionycHIs LIMBALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1847, 162.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull brownish-yellow; elytra each with
four narrow fuscous or piceous lines or stripes as follows: one sutural, not
reaching base, a second each side of scutellum, extending nearly to middle;
a third slightly oblique, extending from umbone two-thirds to apex, and
a fourth short one reaching from the umbone parallel with the side mar-
gin; these stripes may be one or all absent, or rarely all confluent into a
large discal piceous space; head pale, sparsely punctate. Antenne longer
than half the body, fuscous, the basal joints paler, third and fourth equal.
Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, margins broadly flattened, front
angles not dentiform, surface alutaceous, sparsely and obsoletely punctate.
Elytra broadly oval, umbone moderately prominent; surface rather coarsely
and closely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm. (Tig. 518, c.)
Throughout the State, frequent; much more so in the northern
counties. May 12-July 14. Taken by sweeping
and beating foliage, especially that of oak. Listed
by Tlenshaw as a variety of quercata, but distinet.
PISS (6944). Ceptonycuis SEXMACULATA TIL, Mag. fur
Tusect., VE, S807, 104,
Oblong-oval, depressed, subopaque. Above reddish or
brownish-yellow marked with piceous as follows: spot on
occiput, an indistinct irregular space on thorax, 2 broad
has common band behind the middle and three spots on each
(Original.) elytron. viz., one at umboue, a second near the side mar-
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1185
gins and one between these near the suture. the latter set ebliguely so as to
form with its mate a V; middle of under surface piceous; antenne and legs
dull yellow. Thorax twice as wide as long, margins widely flattened; sur-
face alutaceous, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra a little wider at
base than thorax; disk coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate and
with a distinct raised costa extending from umbone nearly to apex. Length
3-4+ mm. (Fig. 519.)
Southern half of State, common; much less so in the northern
counties. May 11—July 6. Taken by beating oak and sifting woody
debris.
O. suturalis Fab. (Figs. 518, a & b), pale yellow with brown spots
as shown in figure, length 3.5-4 mm., is a southern form which may
occur in the Lower Austral life zone of the State.
2189 (6945). CEDIONYCHIS QUERCATA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 495.
Oval, depressed. Front of head, thorax, legs, epipleurse and narrow
margin of elytra yellow; disk of elytra and under surface piceous. An-
tenn longer than half the body, outer joints piceous. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, margin widely flattened, front angles dentiform; sur-
face finely alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not wider
at base than thorax, umbone distinct, suleate within; surface finely but
distinctly and rather closely punctate. Length 35-4 mm. (Fig. 517, ¢
and d.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 22—June 18. Oceurs on
oak, red-haw and other foliage. Mating June 7. The sides of ely-
tra are more parallel than in thyamoides and the next.
Fig. 520. Edionychis scalaris and its varieties. (After Horn.)
2190 (6946). CEDIONYCHIS scaLaRis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., II,
1847, 163.
Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. Above dull yellow; occiput piceous;
thorax with a brown or piceous spot each side, sometimes merged to form
a discal space: elytra with three broad, black, common crossbars, confluent
along the suture, these sometimes broken into spots; under surface piceous,
legs pale. Thorax as in quercata. Elytra not wider at base than thorax,
umbone distinct, surface rather coarsely punctate near base, smoother at
tip. Length 45-5 mm. (Fig. 520.)
Lake, Marion. Knox, Posey and Dubois counties; scarce. April
19-July 9. Occurs on the foliage of plants along marshes. The
black of elytra varies much in extent, the spots or crossbars being
sometimes so merged as to cover nearly the entire surface.
1186 FAMILY LIIT.—CHRYSOMELIDA.
LI. Disonycra Chev. 1834. (Gr., “‘two + claw.’’)
Oblong or oval beetles of medium size, having the head inserted
as far as the eyes, front with distinct carina and two tubercles;
antennex slender, rarely
~ longer than half the
body, the fourth joint
longer than third, ex-
cept in the species with
blue elytra, where the
two joints are equal;
thorax as wide at base as
elytra, narrowed in
front, sides obliquely
sinuate, disk convex
without transverse basal
depression; elytra ob-
long or oval, the epi-
pleure gradually nar-
rower from base; front
coxal cavities open be-
| hind; hind thighs much
_ enlarged, grooved be-
| neath; tibize more or less
bisuleate on outer face,
terminated by a moder-
Fig. 521. Disonychatriangwlaris;Say. x 10. (After Forbes.), 2 ate spur; first joint of
hind tarsi as long as the next two; claws dilated at base. The males
have the last ventral segment truneate, the pygidium vertical and
convex; in the females the last ventral is oval and the pygidium
horizontal.
The species feed upon herbs of various kinds and often do much
damage to sugar beets and allied plants. They feign death when
disturbed, falling to the ground. where they remain quiet for sev-
eral minutes. Of the 18 species ascribed to the genus hy Horn,
eleven have been taken in the State.
pe eer |
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DISONYCHA.
a. Form elongate, parallel; elytra yellow with black stripes, subsuleate on
the sides; thorax with an irregular impression each side.
2191. PENNSYLVANICA.
aa. Form more or less oval; elytra not subsuleate; thorax regularly con-
vex.
b. Elytra with black and yellow stripes, or yellow with only a narrow
sutural and submarginal black line.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1187
¢. Elytra with a submarginal black stripe.
d. Abdomen densely and finely punctured, subopaque and clothed
with distinct pubescence.
c. Head coarsely punctured from side to side; occiput piceous or
brown. 2192. QUINQUEVITTATA.
ce. Head smooth at middle.
f. Discal black stripes of elytra narrower than yellow one each
side; head and body beneath always pale yellow; labrum
pale. 2193. CAROLINIANA.
ff. Diseal black stripes of elytra as wide or wider than the yel-
low one each side; head and metasternum usually more
ov less fuscous or piceous; labrum piceous.
2194. CRENICOLLIS.
dd. \bdomen very sparsely punctured and shining. its pubescence
scarcely visible; thorax smooth; head rough; epipleure black.
2195. GLABRATA.
ec, Elytra without a submarginal black stripe, the median stripe
broad; thorax without spots. 2196. ABBREVIATA.
bb, Elytra without black and yellow stripes. :
g. Elytra reddish, with a Jarge discal black spot. 2197. DISCOIDEA._
gg. Flytra blackish-blue or green.
h. Body beneath and legs entirely black; thorax with three spots
arranged in a triangle; elytra punctate. 219S. TRIANGULARIS.
hh. Body beneath and legs, in part at least, yellow.
i. Viind femora entirely or in part piceous; abdomen alone wholly
yellow; elytra blue-black; head wholly piceous.
2199. XANTHOMELENA.
ii. Hind femora entirely yellow; abdomen piceous, its apex and
sides yellow ; head bicolored.
j. Elytra blue or violet; body oval. 2200, MELLICOLLIS.
jj. Elytra bright green; form more oblong. 2201. COLLATA:
2191 (6950). DIsoNYCHA PENNSYLVANICA Illig., Mag. fur Insect.. VI. 1807.
146.
Oblong, nearly parallel. Head black, front yellow; thorax pale yellow,
usually with three black spots, the central one larger, truncate in front,
gradually narrowed lehind; elytra whitish-yellow with the suture, a sub-
marginal] stripe and a median stripe not reaching the apex, black: antenne
and under surface. except the prosternum and sides of abdomen, black ;
femora reddish-yellow, tibiee and tarsi usually black or piceous. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long, side margins rather wide. surface shining,
nearly smooth. Elytra alutacecus. sparsely and finely but distinctly punc-
tate. snd in the female often feebly sulcate between the discal stripes.
Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State, common; more so in the northern coun-
ties. February 11-October 29. Occurs on sedges and mints in
moist meadows. Jlihernates beneath cover along the borders of
marshes and lakes.
The common form, as above described, was named wniguttata
1188 PAMILY LIU. CIRYSOMELID.1.
by Say. Along the margin of a cypress swainp in Knox County
there occurs a distinct variety, which differs from that above men-
tioned in having the head, antennw, lees and under surface (except
the tip of abdomen) wholly black; thorax with only the median
spot present; elytra with the black stripes proportionately wider,
the disk not alutaceous, strongly bisulecate along the median stripe
and very minutely and indistinctly punctate. Length 5-5.) mm.
As the fauna about the swamp is largely Austroriparian in char-
acter, this nay be the form mentioned by Horn (p. 203 of his
Synopsis) as oceurring in Florida and Louisiana. According to
Knab, it is the typical pennsylvanica as described by Iliger.
2192 (6949). Disonycna QUINQUEVITTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., LIT, 1824, 85; ibid. II, 227.
Oblong-oval. Lead yellow, occiput piceous; thorax yellow with nor-
mally five rounded black spots arranged in a front row of two and a hind
one of three, often with only the two-spot row present; elytra yellow with
a narrow sutural stripe, a submarginal line, often incomplete at base and
not joining the sutural at apex, and a narrow median stripe (often want-
ing), black; antennée piceous, the under side of the first three joints pale;
under surface and legs reddish-yellow, the metasternum and tarsi piceous.
‘Thorax twice as wide as long, front angles distinctly prominent, disk very
finely and sparsely punctured and usually with a slight umbone on the
outer dark spot. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, surface finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent in the northern counties; Vigo
and Clay only in the south. May 6—-September 7. In Lake and
Porter counties the form with the discal black stripe lacking occurs
in numbers in the sand dune region on the leaves and flowers of a
dwarf willow and the quaking asp. Almost all those from the
northern part of the State are of this variety, while those from the
south have the normal elytral markings. Listed as altcrnata Ilig.
2193 (6948). DisoNyctta CAROLINIANA Fabr., Syst. Hut, 1775, 122:
Oval, slightly narrower in front. Head and thorax yellow, the latter
with two piceous spots of variable size (rarely absent) on apical half; ely-
tra yellow with a narrow sutural stripe and a marginal line not covering
the edge, black, these rarely united at apex; also with a median dark stripe
narrower than the yellow spaces each side and not reaching apex ; antennze
piceous, the under side of three basal joints pale; under surface and legs
reddish-yellow, the tarsi and tips of tibie piceous. Thorax convex, more
than twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins narrow; surface
smooth, polished or very indistinctly and sparsely punctured. Elytra scareely
wider at buse than thorax, surface very finely alutaceous, finely and sparsely
punctured. Leneth 5.5-6.5 mm.
Lake C nigh rare. May 21. One in Webster collection la-
helled ‘‘Ind.’’
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1189
2194 (10,416). DisoNycua CRENICOLLIS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
200; ibid. IT, 668.
Very similar to curoliniana. Head with occiput usually in part pic-
eous; thorax reddish-yellow with three piceous spots, arranged in a tri-
angle, the front pair larger; elytra as in caroliniana, the median black
stripe as wide or wider than the yellow one each side, the sutural and mar-
ginal ones joining at tip. Thorax net more than twice as wide as long, its
surface, as well as that of elytra, more distinctly alutaceous and more evi-
dently punctate than in caroliniuna., Length 5-6 mm.
Vigo County: searce. February 21-March 1s. Hibernates he-
neath partly buried logs in open woods.
2195 (6951). DisonycHA GLABRATA Fabr.. Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 156.
Oblong-oval, surface very shining. as if varnished.
Head often entirely black except the front, sometimes
nearly wholly yellow; thorax yellow, usually with a
narrow median spot, sometimes an indistinct spot each
side; elytra yellow, the suture, margins and a median
stripe black: under surface and legs usually yellow,
tips of tibie and tarsi, and sometimes the hind por-
tion of metasternum, piceous. Thorax more than twice
as wide as long, margins harrow, surface smooth, shin-
ing. Elytra a little wider at base than thorax, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. (Fig. Fig. 522. ¥ A
J22,) (Original.)
Throughout the State, common; more so in the southern coun-
ties. April 6-July 8. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage, espe-
cially the pigweed, Amarantus retroflerns Ja. Resembles pennsyl-
vanica, but smaller and more shining. The black median stripe of
each elytron is distinctly wider than the vellow ones each side.
2196 (6954). DisonycHa ABBREVIATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
ITI, 1847. 163.
Oval, slightly oblong. Head, thorax, scutellum, under surface and
femora, reddish-vellow: elytra paler yellow with a sutural stripe and a
median one on each, both rather wide, black; antennz piceous, the two
basal joints and the apical one paler; tibize and tarsi yellow, with a black
line on outer side. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. narrowed in
front, sides curved, margips narrow, surface smooth. Elytra slightly wider
at base than thorax, wmbone distinct. surface finely alutaceous, very finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 6-S.5 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. April 9-September 29. Prob-
able hibernates, as most of the specimens were taken heneath logs in
the spring.
2197 (6955). DisonycHa bIScorbEA Fab., Syst. Ent., II, 1798, 25.
Oval, slightly depressed. Meddish-yellow ; antenne, tibisee and tarsi
piceous; elytra with a broad oval sutural spot black, shining. Thorax
1190 FAMILY LIII.—CHRYSOMELID.
twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, margins narrow; disk convex.
smooth, shining. FElytra slightly wider than thorax, humeri almost ob-
literated; surface distinctly, finely and rather closely punctate. Length
9.5—-7 Tam.
Dubois, Crawford and Spencer counties; scarce. May 10-June
22. Swept from low herhs along roadsides and from flowers of wild
hydrangea. Horn gives its range as North Carolina to Texas. A
member of the .\ustroriparian fauna.
2198 (6957). DisonyciA TRIANGULARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IV, 1824, $4; ibid. II, 226.
Oval, rather depressed. Black; thorax above and beneath yellow, with
the front pair of spots round, the hind one linear; elytra with a faint
bluish tinge; antennze piccous. the three basal joints pale beneath. Tho-
rax more than twice as wide as long. sides feebly curved, margins very
narrow, surface alutaceous, rather finely, not closely punctate. Elytra a
little wider at hase than thorax, surface rather closely but distinctly punc-
tate. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Vig. 521.)
Throughout the State. frequent; more so in the northern ecoun-
ties. April 17-Ortober 23. Occurs beneath loes in spring. Adults
said to be injurious to beets and spinach. Occurs especially on
Chenopodiain and other hevhs in moist places.
BLI9O (GO58), DIsoNyCIA XANTHOMEL.ENA Dalm., Analecta Ent.. S20, TU.
Resembles the preceding but
res, = <r Pee v1 usually smaller and more oblong.
| P Thorax entirely yellow; elytra
| : ’ black with faint greenish tinge;
| ; abdomen wholly yellow, meso-
} » and metasterna black; femora
usually yellow on basal half.
*%y ' sometimes wholly black; tibie
and tarsi piceous. Thorax not
twice ax wide as long, surface al-
. most smooth. Elytra wider at
| base than thorax, surface finely
alutaceous, obsoletely and very
finely punetate. Length 4.5-
55 mm. (ig. 523.)
Throughout the State: fre-
quent. February 14-Novem-
her 8. Hihernates heneath
mullein leaves and rubbish.
Known as the ‘spinach flea-
- ; heetle’? on account of its in-
Jury to that plant. Feeds
Bs Fig. 523. x40. (After Forbes)’
CMS EE also on Chenopodium and
chickweed, Stcllaria, Listed as collaris Bahr,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1191
2200 (6958c). DisoNycHA MELLICOLLIS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835,
199; ibid. II, 668.
Resembles closely the preceding. Differs by having the head blue-black
and coarsely punctured between the eyes, the front yellow; femora entirely
yellow; abdomen piceous at middle, with the apical segment and wide side
margins yellowish. The elytra are sometimes nearly black, more often with
a distinct bluish tinge. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Vigo, Marion, Perry and Posey counties, scarce; probably
throughout the southern half of State. February 8-November 17.
Mibernates bencatli logs in low, moist places.
*2201 (6958a). Disonycua coLLaTa Fabr., Syst. Bleut., I, 1801, 463.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Vertex and occiput black with faint green-
ish tinge, front yellow; thorax yellow above and beneath, without spots;
elytra blue-green, shining; metasternum black; abdomen piceous, the last
segment and the sides broadly yellowish; femora pale yellow, tibis at tips
and tarsi piceous. Thorax and elytra very finely alutaceous, the former
minutely and sparsely punctate; the latter with fine, distinct, sparsely
placed punctures. Length 4.5 mm.
Fulton, Vigo and Posey counties; searee. February 6-July 31.
ITibernates with the preceding, which it closely resembles. Distin-
euished by its smaller size, more clongate form and more distinctly
punctured elytra.
LITT. Lonerrarsus Latr. 1829. (NL., ‘‘long + tarsus.’’)
This and the three succeeding genera belong to a group, Aph-
thone. of the Halticint, having the form oval; antenne 11-jointed;
front coxal cavities open behind; thorax without trace of basal im-
pressions; hind tibia grooved, at least near the apex, and ter-
minated by a rather long spur; hind tarsi with last joint not in-
flated, the claws simple. The members of the genus Longitarsus are
very small oval or oblong convex species, usually uniform dull yel-
low, brownish or piceous in hue, with the elytral punctures much
confused; tarsi slender, the first joint of the hind pair nearly or
fully half the length of tibia and as long as all the following joints
united. The following species have been taken in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LONGITARSUS.
a. Antenne with joints 2, 8 and + successively longer; inner wings always
present.
dD. Reddish-yellow, shining; thorax very plainly broader than long; punc-
tuation distinct. 2202. SUBRUFUS.
1192 PAMILY LUI.—-CHRYSOMELID.2.
bb. Brownish or piceous, with a faint bronzed lustre; punctures of elytra
2203. TURBATUS.
in vague rows.
aa, Antenne with joints 2. 3 and 4 of equal length, or with the fourth not
longer than second.
c. Surface entirely shining, uot alutaceous; elytral punctures rather
coarse: form robust; humeri well marked.
ad. Color reddish-brown , fornt oblong-oval; legs pale.
2204. ALTERNATUS.
dd. Color piceous, shining ; form shorter, eval; legs piceous.
BIOS. ERRO.
ec. Surface more or less distinctly alutaceous; form rather elongate;
humeri not prominent.
c, Color pale reddish-yellow ; elytra not shining, the punctures very
indistinct. 2206. TESTACEL S.
ce, Color dark reddish-yellow to piceous ; elytra shining, the punctures
coarse and well marked. PUT. MELANVRUS,
yun (TOIL). LONGITARSUS SUBRUFUS Lec., Gol. Kan., 1859, 26.
Oblong-oval, convex. Reddish-yellow, shining; antennie and legs pale
reddish-yellow, the outer five joints of former and hind femora slightly
darker. Thorax one-third wider than long, not narrowed in front; disk
convex. shining, very sparsely and finely punctate. lytra wider at base
than thorax. umbone rather prominent; disk convex, punctures rather fine,
not closely placed. Length 2.5-3 mim.
Vigo County; common Iceally on the stems and leaves of the
false gromwell, Onosmoditun carolinianum DC. June 15. De-
seribed and known heretofore only from Kansas. Our largest spe-
cies of the genus.
2203 (10,434). Lonerrarsus TURBATUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVI,
1889, 279.
Oblong-oval, subconyex. Piceous or chestnut-brown, feebly bronzed; an-
tenn piceous, the four basal joints pale; front and middle legs and hind
tibie yellowish: hind femora brown. Thorax nearly one-half wider than
long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, surface smooth or
nearly so; basal marginal line wanting. Elytra wider at base than thorax,
umbone distinct, punctures rather coarse and close. Length 2.5 mm.
Lake, Marion and Dubois counties; searee. May 12—June 11.
Resembles me/aiuiwus, but differs in the length of basal antennal
joints, in the surface not heine at all alutaceous, and in the much
more prominent shoulders.
2204 (7015). Loncirarsts ALTERNATUS Zieg., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
II, 1846, 271.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark brick-red, shining. Antenne
three-fourths the length of body, piceous, the four basal joints paler. 'Tho-
rax one-third wider than long, sides curved; disk convex. nearly smooth
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1193
except along the base, where there are a few fine punctures. Elytra wider
at base than thorax, umbone feeble: punctures coarse, much confused, finer
near the sides. Length 2.5 mm.
Taken only near Pine, Lake County, where it occurs beneath
clumps of the prickly pear cactus. May 15—May 20.
2205 (10,442). Lonxcirarsts ERRo Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., NVI. 1889,
284.
Oval, convex, rather robust. VPiceous. shining; antennie black. the basal
joints piceous. Thorax one-half wider than leng. not narrowed in front,
sides nearly straight; disk very finely and sparsely punctate, the apical
region and a broad median space without punctures. Elytra wider at base
than thorax, umbone prominent, surface coarsely and rather closely punc-
tate. Length 1.S~2 min.
Lake County; rare. May 14. A member of the boreal fauna,
deseribed from White Irish Point, Laie Superior.
#2206 (7008S). LONGITARSUS TESTACEUS Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TIT, 1847, 166.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull brownish-yellow, surface finely
alutaceous and with a greasy aspect; antenne and legs pale brownish-yel-
low. Thorax one-third wider than long. not narrowed in front; disk mod-
erately convex, very distinctly alutaceous, finely. sparsely and indistinctly
punctate. Elytra very little wider at base than thorax, umbone distinct,
not prominent; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2 mm.
Throughout the State; common. February 10-November 28.
Hibernates beneath logs. mullein leaves. ete. Taken by sifting in
early spring and autumn and by sweeping roadside herbage.
PPoT (TOOT). LoNnGITARStS MELANtRUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
IIT, 1847. 166.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex.
Dark reddish-brown to piceous. alu-
taceous, shining; antennee reddish-
brown, apical half darker; front and
middle legs dull yellow, hind femora
brown. Thorax slightly wider tban
long, not narrowed in front, sides fee-
bly curved; disk convex, slightly wrin-
kled near base, sparsely and rather
conrsely punctured. Elytra evidently
wider at hbase than thorax, umbone dis-
tinct. the punctures coarse, deep and i
rather close. Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. j
ol.) Fig. 524. + 12. (After Forbes.)
Throughout the State, frequent
in the southern portion; rare in the northern counties. March 20-
July 8. Taken by beating and sweeping roadside vegetation.
1194 PAMILY LII.—CIRYSOMELIDE.
LIV. Gryprina Lec. 1859. (Gr., “‘seulptured.’’)
‘ep. = Small oblong or oval,
dull yellow or blue and yel-
low species, resembling
Longitarsus in general ap-
pearance, but having the
elytral punctures in dis-
tinct rows on base and
sides, often confused at
tip; the first joint of hind
tarsi not more than one-
third the length of tibie;
antenne slender, as long as
half the hody, first joint
cylindrical, sevond conical,
more than half the length
of first, joints 3 to 7 gradu-
ally increasing in length,
Fig. 525. Glyptina brunnea Horn. X 25. (After Forbes.) 8 to 10 shorter, 11th longer
and acute at tip; tarsal claws simple. Four of. the seven species
recognized by Horn probably occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPTINA.
w. Elytra yellowish or reddish-yelow.
b. Strie on sides of elytra, especially the ninth, deeper than those of
the disk; hady beneath brown. (Tig. 525.) BRUNNEA.
bb. Strie on sides faint; body beneath brownish-piceous. very rarely
pale. PPOS, SPURIA.
ad. Elytra blue, with metallie lustre; head and thorax reddish-yellow.
c. Thorax somewhat wrinkled, vaguely punctate; elytral strive much
confused at apex. 2209. BICOLOR.
ce, Thorax smooth, or very finely and sparsely punctate; elytral stric
entire, not confused. 2210. CYANIPENNIS.
Glypting brunuea Horn, reddish-brown, lees and antenna paler.
length 1.8-2 mi., is known from Wisconsin, Georgia and Texas.
YPOS (TO1G). GLYPTINA SPURTA Lee, Col, Kan., 1859. 26.
Oblong-oyal, moderately convex. Above pale brownish-yellow, shining;
beneath piceous; antenn:e reddish-yellow, outer joints darker: legs pale.
Thorax one-half wider than long, not narrower in front, sides obliquely
truneate near front angles and angulate in tront of middle; disk rather
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider at base than tho-
rax, feebly striate, the strive coarsely wand closely punctate; intervals wider
than striae, slightly convex, each with a row of minute punctures. Length
1.5-1.7 mm.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1195
Throughout the State; common. March 20—July 2. Taken by
sifting in early spring and later by sweeping roadside herbage.
2209 (10,449). GLyPrina Bicotor Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVI, 1889,
289.
Oblong-oval, somewhat narrowed in front, convex. Head, thorax and
legs pale reddish-brown; elytra rather dark metallic blue; under surface
piceous; antennze with basal joint brown, next three reddish-yellow, outer
joints piceous. Thorax one-third wider than long, narrower at apex, the
punctures fine and very indistinct. Elytra not wider at base than thorax,
with regular rows of coarse, deep, rather close-set punctures, except at
apex. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.
Lake and Martin counties; frequent in the former, scarce in
latter. April 30-July 30.
2210 (7018). GLYPTINA CYANIPENNIS Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1873, 65.
Oblong-oval, convex. Resembles the preceding in color, the antennse
but little darker towards tip. Thorax as in bicolor, the front angles more
obliquely truncate, sides angulate in front of middle; disk with a few fine,
scattered punctures. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, umbone
feeble; strive rather coarsely and closely punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex, punctate as in bicolor. Length 2 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 18—June 3. Known heretofore from
Florida and Texas. Beaten from foliage of the Virginia creeper
(Parthenocissus quinquefolia L.)
LV Aputuona Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘superabundant.’’)
This genus is represented in Indiana by a very small, oblong-
oval, reddish-brown species, having the antenn« rather stout, longer
than half the body, third joint more slender and a little longer than
second, + to 7 gradually longer, 8 to 10 slightly shorter, 11th sud-
denly constricted and acute at tip; apex of hind tibie modified as
mentioned in generic key.
2211 (6992). APHTHONA INSOLITA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIT,
1847, 168.
Oval, the elytra nearly quadrate, convex. Brownish-red, strongly shin-
ing; sixth to ninth joints of antenne fuscous, the others dull yellow. Tho-
rax one-fourth wider than long, not narrowed in front, front angles obliquely
truncate, sides nearly straight, with distinct angulation in front of middle;
disk smooth and polished. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax,
humeri and umbones prominent, surface with faint rows of very minute
punctures. Length 2 mm.
Dubois and Posey counties; rare. April 12-May 13. Beaten
from Indian currant, 8 ymphorizarpus vulgaris, Michx.
1196 FAMILY LIII.—-CMRYSOMELIDA.
LVI. Puyuuorretra Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘leaf+bore.’’)
Small clongate-oval or oblony-oval subconvex species, separated
from allied genera by characters pertaining to the hind tibie as
mentioned in the generic key. They have the head small, deeply
inserted in the thorax; antenna half as long as body, or slightly
longer ; thorax broader than long and somewhat narrowed in front;
elytra oval, the humeri never prominent, usually marked with a
yellowish white sinuous stripe; first joint of hind tarsus about one-
third the length of tibia and equal to the other three; claws simple.
The males have the last ventral more or less impressed at tip. The
following species have been taken or should occur in the State.
All feed upon cruciferous plants, both cultivated and wild:
be d eg Ff
G
Fig. 526. a, Antenna of Phyllotreta ulkei, male: b, P. robusta and antenna of male; c, P. sinvata and an
tenna of male; d, P. vittala and antenna of male; e, antenna of female of P. robusta, sinuata and vittata; f, an-
tenna, male and female of picta, bipustulata, ele. (After Horn.)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYLLOTRETA.
a, Fifth joint of antenne longer than either the fourth or sixth; the male
with the fifth joint always, and sometimes the fourth, thickened and
elongate.
bv. Elytra piceous, without stripes; sixth joint of male antennse as long
as the fourth and cylindrical. (Fig. 526, uw.) TEREL
bb. Elytra piceous, each with a yellowish stripe.
¢. Elytral stripe narrower; lower angle of fifth joint not prolonged.
d. Stripes of elytra parallel with the suture on the basal half.
(Fig. 526, ¢.) 2212. SINUATA.
dd. Stripes of elytra inecurved at base, approaching the scutellum.
(Fig. 526, d.) 2218. VITTATA.
cc. Blytral stripe broad, at its apical third reaching side, apex and
suture; lower angle of fifth antennal joint distinctly prolonged.
(Fig. 526, b.) 2214. RoBUSTa.
aa. Fifth joint of antennwe never longer than sixth; antenne not different
in the sexes, the joints gradually but slightly stouter from second to
tip. (Fig. 526, f.)
e. Hlytra black and yellow.
f. Elytra each with two oral yellow spots, one on humerus, the other
subapical. 2215. BIPUSTULATA.
ff. Flytra dull yellow with a common sutural stripe and narrow mar-
ginal line, black, 2216. ARMORACTE.
ee. Blytra unjcolorous,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1197
g. Wlytra bluish-green, metallic; head and thorax bright reddish-yel-
low. 2217. pricTa.
gg. Elytra and thorax black or piceous, with or without metallic lustre.
hk. Elytra with fine and coarse punctures, the latter arranged in
rows near the suture and within the humeri.
2218. A: NEICOLLIS.
hh. Elytra uniformly punctate.
z. Color black; thorax alutaceous. LINDAHLI.
wi. Color dark blue; thorax not alutaceous. 2219. LEWISII.
P ulket Horn, piceous-black, shining, legs, except the hind
femora, reddish-brown, length 2.5 mm., was described from Ohio.
*2212 (7022). PHYLLOTRETA sINUATA Steph., Illust. Brit. Entom., IV, 297.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous, shining; elytra each with a nar-
row, dull yellow stripe, parallel with the suture at base, and with a short,
broad branch behind the humerus, the apical third strongly sinuate; an-
tenn piceous, the three or four basal joints paler. Thorax nearly twice
as wide at base as long, distinctly narrowed in front; disk convex, surface
finely alutaceous, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly
wider than thorax, with the punctures coarser and more close-set than on
the latter. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 526, c.)
Throughout the State; common. March 19-November 1. Prob-
ably hibernates. Taken by sifting in early spring and late autumn
and by beating hickory and sweeping grass in summer.
2°13 (7023). PHYLLOTRETA VITTATA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 469.
Smaller than sinuata and with the yellow stripe of elytra narrow at
middle, incurved at base, broader and slightly incurved at tip; legs piceous,
tibize and tarsi brownish-yellow. In the males the fourth joint of antenne
is broader than the third, fifth a little broader and nearly equal in length
to third, whereas in sinwata the fourth is much broader than the third, and
the fifth longer than the two preceding together and much dilated. Length
2mm. (Fig. 526, d.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-September 25. Taken
by sifting and sweeping. Occurs on cabbage and other cruciferous
plants, as the turnip, radish, mustard, shepherd’s purse, pepper
grass, etc.
2214 (7031). PHYLLOTRETA RoBUSTA Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1878, 614.
Oblong-oval, similar in form and size to vittata. Piceous, shining; ely-
tra each with a broad yellowish stripe parallel with the suture for most of
its length, dilated at base to form a broad process behind humerus and in-
curved towards scutellum, the apical third broadly expanded. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, coarsely. deeply and closely punctate. Elytra slightly
wider and more coarsely punctured at base than thorax, more finely punc-
tured towards apex. Fourth and fifth antennal joints of male much broader
than third, the fifth as long as the two precedi. g, its apical free angle pro-
longed. Length 2mm. (Fig. Bae C.)
1198 FAMILY LIJI.—CIHRYSOMELIDA
Lake County; rare. May 12—-May 30. Described from Gar-
land, Colorado.
2215 (7026). PHYLLOTRETA BIPUSTULATA Fabr., Syst.
Eleut., I, 1801, 464.
Oblong-oval, rather robust. Piceous without me-
tallic lustre; elytra each with a large oval humeral
spot, touching base but not including the umbone, and
a subapical more elongate and narrower spot, yellow;
antenns piceous, the basal five joints paler; legs red-
dish-yellow, the hind femora darker beneath. Thorax
% one-third wider than long; disk finely alutaceous,
rather finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra distinctly
wider at base than thorax and with coarser punctures.
Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 527.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in
Fig. 527. (After Chittenden the southern counties. April 14—July 13. Taken
in Bull. 33, N. Ser., U. S. A ties
Div. Ent.) by sweeping and sifting.
2216 (-—). Pryriorrera armMoractas Koch,
Kent. Heft., II, 1803, 75.
Wlongate-oval, convex. Head, thorax and
under surface black, shining; elytra dull yel-
low, with a common sutural stripe and very
narrow side and apical margins, black; an-
tenn and femora piceous, the basal three
joints of former and tibie and tarsi dull
brownish-yelow. Thorax one-third wider
than long, sides curved and rounded to apex ;
surface finely and sparsely, that of elytra
more coarsely and densely, punctate. Length
3-3.5 mm. (Wig. 528.)
A recently introduced European spe-
cies, several specimens of which have H I
been taken by Wolcott in the w: = Fe
a y ott n the w ashup of Fig. 528. (After Chittenden in Insect
Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake County. Life VIL)
May 28 Froin its specific name T Judge that it preys upon horse-
radish.
2217 (7019). PiyLLorrera Prcra Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV
1824, S87; ibid. IT, eps,
Oval, slightly oblong, fechly convex. Tread and thorax pale reddish-
yellow; elytra bright bluish-green, shining; antennse pale, the outer joints
fuscous; abdomen and metasternum piceous; legs yellowish, the hind fe-
mora often darker. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, surface very
finely, sparsely und indistinctly punctured. Elytra slightly wider at base
than thorax, umbone rather prominent, smooth; surface finely, closely and
indistinetly punetured on disk, sineother at sides and apex. Length 2-
a
2.5 mm.
’
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1199
Tippecanoe, Vigo, Orange and Crawford counties; scarce. June
1-June 25. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage.
2218 (7029). PHYLLOTRETS ENEICOLLIS Crotch., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1878, 67.
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous; head and thorax with a cupre-
ous lustre; elytra with a greenish tinge; legs piceous, tibise and tarsi paler.
Antenne half as long as bedy. joints 2-5 reddish-yellow. Thorax one-half
wider than long, narrowed in front: disk alutaceous, rather finely and
closely punctate. Elytra wider at base than thorax, punctate as mentioned
in key. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. July 14. Swept from herbage along the
margin of a woodland pond. Known from Kansas and Texas.
P lindahli Dury, last ventral of male with a deep. rounded de-
pression which extends forward in triangular shape through the
next to last ventral, length 2.5 mm., was described from Cincinnati.
2210 (7028). PHYLLorRETA Lewisit Crotch., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei..
18738, 66. :
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. DPiceous; elytra with a bluish tinge;
antenné piceous, the basal joints pale; tibice and tarsi brown. Thorax two-
thirds wider than long. narrowed in front, sidcs broadly curved, surface
rather finely and sparsely punctate. FElytral punctures coarser than those
of thorax. Last ventral of male with a broad. triangular impression. Length
2-2.5 mm.
Two specimens in Wehster collection labelled ‘‘Ind.’?’ Known
heretofore from Illinois westward.
LVII. Haxtica Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ‘‘leaping.’’)
Oblong or oval. medium-sized. blue, green or bronzed, rarely
reddish-brown, species. having the head short, usually deeply in-
serted; antenne half as long as body, joints 2, 3 and 4 gradually
longer except in rufa; thorax usually one-half wider than long.
broadest at base, which is curved and with a more or less distinct
transverse line just in front; side margins slightly thickened near
front angles; clvtral punctures confused; front coxal cavities open
behind, the prosternum rather narrow hetween the coxe; hind
tibie not or feebly suleate, terminated by a short spur; tarsal claws
broadly dilated at base.
The genus is a difficult one, and the species can never be deter-
mined with any degree of certainty withont a fair number of speci-
mens, some of which must be males. Unfortunately, this sex is
much less abundant than the females. The following species have
been found or probably ocenr in the State:
[ T6—23402 ]
1200 PAMILY Lih—CHRYSOMPsLIDAK,.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HALTICA.
u. Body above reddish-yellow, broadly oval; elytra smooth. 2220. RUPA.
au. Body above blue, bronze, green or cupreous, more or less metallic.
b. Elytva with a longitudinal fold or costa along the sides; color dark
blue. 2221. BIMARGINATA.
bb. Elytra without fold.
e Antenme and legs piceous, more or less metallic.
d. Thorax with a deep groove in front of base which extends com-
piectcly across the thorax.
c. Larger species, 4-5.5 mm.; usually blue; form robust; thorax
very distinctly wider at base. 2222, CHALYBEA.
ce. Smaller, 3-3.5 min.; color distinctly metallic brassy green, blue
or bronze; form more elongate; thorax scarcely wider at
Ise. 2223. IGNITA.
dd. Thorax with a moderate, sometimes obsolete, groove near base.
which is never entire.
f. Humeral angles of elytra well marked, the umbone moderately
prominent with a depression behind it; transverse impres-
sion of thorax deep at middle, evanescent on sides.
y. Brilliant cupreous with violet or purplish reflections.
CARINATA,
gy. Blue, head more prominent; form more robust. VICARIA.
ff. Tiumeral angle of elytra rounded, the umbone feeble; trans-
verse impression of thorax faint.
h. Color brilliant coppery red; larger, more robust, more broad-
ly oval. 2224. CUPRASCENS.
hh. Color greenish or brassy black; smaller, more slender, elon-
gate-oblong. 2225. JESESCENS.
cc, Antenne and legs in great part reddish-yellow, in striking contrast
with the color of the upper surface.
i. entire upper surface uniform in color and with metallic lustre.
j/. Form oblong-oval, very convex; elytra scarcely alutaceous, the
punctures distinct on basal half. 2226. FUSCOAENEA.
ij. Perm elongate-oblong, much less convex; elytra distinctly alu-
taceous, the punctures minute and indistinct throughout.
2227, KNABII.
fi. Wead and thorax reddish-yellow, elytra metallic blue; thoracic
impression deep and entire. BURGESSI.
2220 (6959). Tavrica ruraA Ill, Mag. fur Insect.. VI, 1807, 153.
Oval, bronder behind, moderately convex. Dull reddish- or o ran gze-vel-
low above, piccous beneath; antennie and legs piceous, the hind femora paler
at base. Anteme half as long as body, third joint distinctly longer than
fourth. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long, feebly narrowed to
the front, margins very narrow ; ante-basal impression bread and shallow;
surface sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than
thorax; umbone feeble, surface indistinctly and sparsely punctate. Length
4-5 mm.
Lake and Dubois counties; rare. May 26-May 30.
Beaten
from ash.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1201
2221 (6960). HAaLTIcA BIMARGINATA Say, Journ, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV,
1824, 85; ibid. II, 226.
Oblong, subparallel. Above dark blue, moderately shining; under sur-
face and legs blue-black, antenne piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long,
margins very narrow, the ante-basal depression deep, reaching the sides
and joining the marginal depression; surface distinctly alutaceous, sparsely
punctate. Elytra wider at base than thorax, with a prominent fold extend-
ing from umbone to near apex; surface finely, rather sparsely and indis-
tinctly punctate. Length 5-6 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; not taken south of Vigo
County. May 20-August 26. Occurs on knotweed or smartweed
in moist localities.
+.
#2222 (6961). Harrica cHALYBEA III., Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807, 115.
Oval, rather robust. Metallic blue, shining, rarely cu-
preous or greenish; under surface and legs blue-black ; an-
tenne piceous, the basal half with metallic lustre. Thorax
a little more than half wider than long, margins narrow,
slightly thickened in front; disk convex, the ante-basal im-
pressed line rather deep, extending from margin to margin;
surface with minute scattered punctures. FElytra scarcely
wider at base than thorax, umbone rather prominent, smooth ;
surface sparsely punctate, nearly smooth near apex. Length 4-5mm. (Fig. 529.)
Throughout the State; common. March 14—December 10. Hi-
bernates beneath bark and rubbish; mating April 12. Occurs on
the wild grape and poison ivy and known as the ‘‘grape flea-
beetle,’’ often doing considerable damage to the cultivated vine.
Readily controlled by spraying with arsenites when the larve are
discovered.
Fig. 529.
(After LeBaron.)
2223 (6963). Hattica 1enrTa Ill, Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807, 117.
Oval, slightly oblong, sub-
depressed. Color exceedingly
variable from a coppery gold-
en lustre, through greenish to
dark blue; under surface and
legs colored as above. Thorax
one-half wider than long, very
little narrowed in front, sides
feebly curved, ante-basal im-
pression deep, extending from
margin to margin; surface mi-
nutely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra distinctly wider at base
than thorax, umbone rather
prominent, limited within by
a depression; surface distinct-
ly and spitrsely punctate near
Fig. 530. a, Beetle; b, egg mass on bit of leaf; c, newly hatched
larva; d, first abdominal segment of same; ¢, larva; }, pupa; all x
8. (After Chittenden in Bull. 23, N. Ser., U. 8. Div. Ent.) base, gradually smoother to
apex. Length 3-4 mm. (Fig. 530.)
1202 FAMILY LUll.—CIHRYSOMELID.E.
Throughout the State; common. May 11-October 6. Occurs
by thousands on the foliage of the water purslane, Ludwigia palus-
fris Ell.: also on foliage of many other plants. Said to attack
strawberry and rose-bushes.
H. carinata Germ., length 3.5-4.5 mm., and H. vicaria Horn,
length 4.5--6 mm., last ventral of males in both with a deep elongate
impressed line, are suid to oceur from New England westward to
Arizona. The former has been recorded from Cincinnatt.
2224 (——). HALTICA CUPRASCENS sp. nov.
Oval, strongly convex. Coppery red, strongly shining; antenn, legs
and under surface piceous-bronzed. Thorax about one-third wider than
long. scarcely narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, margin narrow, thick-
ened at the front angles; disk finely alutaceous, sparsely and minutely punc-
tate, the ante-basal impression very shallow, evident only at middle. Ely-
tra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides broadly curved; surface finely
and sparsely punctate, very indistinctly so on apical third. Length 3.5-
4 mm.
Three specimens from heneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michi-
gan, near Pine, Lake County. May 5-May 21. Probably occurs on
cottonwood.
2225 (0972). HALrica -ENESCENS sp. nov.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Uniform brassy-greenish above and beneath ;
antenme piceous-bronzed, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax one
third wider than long; sides feebly curved, slightly sinuate near hind an-
gles; disk minutely and sparsely punctate, the antebasal impression very
faint, extending almost from side to side. Elytra together one-third wider
than thorax, their sides parallel to apical fourth. then rounded to tips; sur-
face finely and sparsely punctate. Last ventral of male with an elongate
impression extending from apex half way to base. Length 3-3.5 mm,
Starke County; rare. June 18.
222 (——). Harrica rusco#NEA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., ILI,
1847, 165.
Oblong-oval, convex. Olivaceous green or bronzed, strongly shining;
under surface and hind femora piceous with bronzed lustre; antenne and
legs reddish-yellow, the former with apical half darker. Thorax subquad-
rate, very little wider than long, not narrower at apex than base; sides
very feebly curved: disk convex, very finely alutaceous, Sparsely and mi-
nutely punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, less than
twice as wide as long, umbone not distinet ; surface distinctly and sparsely
punctate near base, smoother near apex, the punctures sometimes in more
or less evident rows. Length 2.5-3 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko, Putnam and Jefferson counties; scaree. April
22-September 25. Ovewrs on the evening primrose, @nothera bi-
ennis L,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1203
v227 (——). HALTICA KNADBII sp. nov.
Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Metallic olivaceous, moderately shining ;
under surface and hind femora piceous, bronzed; antenne, front and mid-
dle legs, hind tibix and tarsi reddish-yellow, the outer joints of antenne
fuscous at tips. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides moderately curved ;
ante-basal impression narrow but deep, extending from side to side; surface
distinctly alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra more than twice
as long as wide, sides parallel to apical third, thence rounded to tips; sur-
face sculptured as mentioned in key. Length 3-3. mm.
Described from eleven specimens taken in Lake and Starke
counties. May 19-September 27. Occurs on low herbs in damp,
sandy localities. From fuscoenca this may be at once separated
by the much longer, more parallel and less convex elytra, which are
at the same time less shining, more stronvly alutaceous and much
more finely punctuate on basal half. The thorax is wider, with
deeper ante-basal impression. Named in honor of Frederick Knab,
of Washington, D. C., who has given me much aid in my study of
the Chrysomelide.
HY, buryesst Crotch, length 1.5-1.8 mm., is a southern form
which has heen recorded from Cincinnati.
LVUII. Luperaptrics Crotch. 1873. (Gr., ‘wolf +leaping.’’).
This genus contains two small species, one of which has been
taken in the State, while the other doubtless occurs. They have
the front carmate between the antenn and with flattened tubercles
between the eyes; antenne slender, longer than half the body, first
joint stout, second small, oval, third twice as long, joints 3 to 10
equal; thorax convex with a vague transverse basal impression ; epi-
pleura reaching nearly to sutural angle; front coxal cavities open
behind; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three.
KEY TO SPECIES OF LUPERALTICA.
ua. Blytra very indistinctly punctate; color above varying from dull yellow
to dull blue; front cox contiguous. FUSCULA.
au. Klytra very evidently punctate, bright metallic blue; front coxee sep-
arated. 2228. SENILIS.
uscula Lee., leneth 2.5-4 mm., is said to oecur ‘‘from Penn-
- ? Da ’
sylvania and Virginia to Iowa and Kansas.”’
2298 (7005). LUPERALTICA SENILIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV,
1824, ST; ibid. IT, 228.
Blongate-oblong, subconvex. Pale dull yellow, the head and thorax
sometimes clouded with fuscous; elytra metallic blue, the suture and epi-
1204 FAMILY LII!.—CHRYS OMELIDA.
pleure yellow; antennz usually fuscous, the basal joints pale. Thorax
nearly twice as wide at middle as long; surface finely alutaceous, minutely
and sparsely punctured. Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax, um-
bone distinct; surface rather closely and irregularly punctate. Last ven-
tral of male flattened, truncate at apex and with a short, acute process at
middle. Length 3.5-4+ mm.
Putnam County; searee. July 25. Swept from flowers of the
darkey-head, Rudbeckia triloba L. Occurs from Pennsylvania to
Tllinois.
LIX. Lactic, Er. 1847. (., ‘‘milk.’’
Small oval yellow or blue and yellow species having the head
inserted in the thorax as far as the eves: antenne longer than half
the body, third joint shorter than fourth, joints 4 to 10 equal, 11th
very little longer. Thorax with a deep, transverse impression near
the base, which is bent at each end abruptly toward the base: front
coxal cavities open behind; tarsi more than half the length of the
tibie, the claws appendiculate.
2229 (6976). Lacrica iris Oliy., Ent., VI. 1808. 702.
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head and thorax yellow:
elytra deep violet blue, shining; antennze piceous. three basal joints pale;
thorax beneath and front and middle legs pale yellow; metasternum, abdo-
men and hind legs piceous. Thorax about twice as wide as long. margins
narrow ; disk convex, not visibly punctate. Elytra not wider at base than
thorax, umbone rather prominent, surface very finely punctate. Length 3.5-
4+ mm.
Posey County; rare. September 5. One of the prettiest of our
small Chrysomelids. :
Diphaulaca bicolorata Horn, head, thorax and legs reddish-vel-
low, elytra and abdomen piceous-purple, length 2 mm., is known
from Michigan, Georgia. Kansas and Louisiana.
LX. Tricwautica Harold. s76. (Ch . ‘hair +leap.’’)
This genus comprises one small, oblong reddish-vellow and blue
species, differing from Lactica mainly by the elytral punetures
being much coarser and arranged im ten distinct rows. Front of
head with two distinct tubcreles; outer joints of antenne slightly
thicker, joints 1.4.5 and 11 longer than the others, which are equal.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1205
2230 (6983). TRICHALTICA ScALRICULA Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
1873, 71.
Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Reddish-yellow; elytra
blue; antennze piceous. Thorax more than one-half wider than long, not
narrowed in front, hind angles distinct; disk convex, shining, very sparsely
and coarsely punctured. Elytra wider at base than thorax; disk slightly
flattened at middle, with a short scutellar and ten long rows of coarse, deep,
closely placed punctures; intervals narrower than the stricz and bearing
sparse, short, semierect hairs. Length 2.5-3.5 min.
Southern third of State; frequent. May 6-June 24. The tho-
rax and under surface are sometimes of a Vandyke brown, and the
hairs of clytra ure so small as to be visible only from the side with
a strong lens. Occurs from Ohio to Texas.
Spherodcrma opima Lec., tibie and tarsi reddish-brown, length
2.5 mm., occurs In Illinois, North Carolina and Texas.
Subtribe B. (CH#TOCNEMINI.)
The members of this subtribe arc separated from the preceding
only by the closed cavities of the front coxw. They are, for the
mest part, very small oval or oblong species, with the upper surface
usually uniform in color. Although the two subtribes are each
probably represented in the State by about the same number of
genera, the present one has much the fewer species.
C d
a
Te
Fig. 531. a, Antenna and claws of Blepharida; b, hind tibia and tarsus of Chelocnema; c, same of
Dibolia; d, same of Paylliodes, (After Horn.)
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF I[ALTICINI, SUBTRIBE B.
a. Last joint of hind tarsi globosely swollen; elytra with punctures in
rows; hind tibise with one spur.
b. Thorax not impressed; body hairy; hind tibize with but one carina.
LXI. HyYpo.aMpsis.
bb. Thorax with a transverse impression near base; body glabrous; hind
tibis with two carine on the outer side. LXIT. Pacwyonycuts.
aa. Last joint of hind tarsi not inflated, usually slender, sometimes thick-
ened when viewed from the side.
c. Antenne 11- or 1z-jointed; hind tarsi inserted at the end of the tibizx.
1206 PAMILY LI.—CIMRYSOMELIDA.
d. Antenne 12-jointed, distant at base; tarsal claws pifid (Fig.
531, a); form robust, Chrysomelu-like, larger, 5- G.5 mm.
LXIII. BLePHARIDA.
dd. Antennze 11-jointed, close together at base; claws simple or di-
lated; smaller, not over 4.5 mim.
ce. Hind tibie sinuate near apex and with a distinct tooth on the
outer margin (Fig. 531, 0); thorax without an impression in
front of base; first and second v entral segments closely united ;
elytral punctures in regular rows. LXIV. CHaATOCNEMA.
ce. Hind tibize without sinuation or tooth.
f. Thorax with distinct transverse impression in front of hase;
elytral punctures in rows.
g. Elytra without hairs. 4
hn. Porn more or less ovate; antennie shorter than body;
transverse groove of thorax limited on each side by a
lengthwise impression. LNVI. CREPIDODERA.
hh. Form elongate, parallel; antennie as long as or longer than
body; thoracic groove not limited.
LNXVIT. OrTHALTICA.
gy. Vlytra with rows of stiff hairs (setre) on the intervals; form
short, ovate. LNVIII. WNrirrix.
ff. Thorax withont a teansrerse impression in front of hase.
i. Wind tibial spur sinall and slender; form elongate or elon-
gate-oval.
j. Thorax with a short, deep longitudinal impression each
side near base; elytral punctures in rows.
LNINX. MANTURA.
jj. Thorax without any impressicn; elytral punctures con-
fused. LXX. SySTENA.
vi, Wind tibial spur broad, emarginate or bifid at apex (Fig.
531, ¢); elytral punctures in rows; form oval or oblong-
oval, convex. LXNXI. Diora.
ce. Antenne 10-jointed ; hind tarsi inserted on the outer side of the tibiwe
above the apex (ig. 531, @) 3 elytral punctures in rows.
LXNNIL. PSYLIIODES.
LNI. Hyrouamrsis Clark. 1860. (Gr., ‘‘sub + red.’’)
Small oblong-oval, convex, brown or piecous hairy species, hav-
ing the antenne half the length of body, the second joint oblong-
oval, as stout as the first but shorter, third more slender and longer
than second, 4, 5 and 6 gradually shorter, 7 to 11 abruptly broader;
prosternum narrow between the coxw, dilated behind them; hind
tarsi nearly as long as tibiw, first jomt obconical, very narrow at
base, fourth abruptly inflated at apex, the claws toothed at middle:
claws of front and middle tarsi Jifid.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1207
#2231 (6920). HyPoLampsis Piosa Illig., Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807. 105.
Oblong-oval, convex. Dull brownish-yellow to piceous, opaque; surface
with prostrate gray and brown pubescence and sparse erect hairs; antenne
reddish or brownish-yellow, the outer five joints darker. Thorax quadrate,
very little wider than long, sides nearly straight; disk convex, coarsely and
closely punctate and with two feeble elevations slightly in front of middle.
Elytra wider at base than thorax; disk with a faint oblique impression
from humerus to suture near middle, ending in a shallow black fovea on
first and second strive; punctures coarse, close-set and deep, arranged in
regular rows; intervals not wider than the distance between the punctures.
Length 2.5-4 mm.
Lake, Wells and Vigo counties; scarce. January 1-July 21.
Oceurs mostly in sandy localities, beneath rubbish, where it hiber-
nates as Imago.
LNIT. Pactivonycrvs Chev. 1884. (Gx.. ‘thick + joint.’’)
Represented in the eastern United States and Indiana by a
small, oblong, paralle! smooth species, having the antennw a little
longer than half the body, the second and third joints short, nearly
equal in length, together longer than first but shorter than fourth,
joints 5 to 10 equal, not thickened as in the preceding genus; hind
tarsi moderately long. the first two joints triangular, the fourth
inflated at apex.
2232 (6924). Paciyonycits PARADOXUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
ITI, 1847, 165.
Oblong, nearly parallel. Reddish-yelluw ; elytra picecus. the suture nar-
rowly reddish-yellow ; anteune black, the three basil joints paler. Thorax
convex, more than one-half broader than long. not narrowed in front, sides
feelly curved, margins thickened at front angles. hind angles dentiform ;
surface sparsely and deeply punctate, the impression near base deep and
extending from side to side. Elytra wider at base than thorax, the punc-
tures of strize coarse and closely placed; intervals slightly convex, each with
a row of very fine punctures. Length 3-+4.5 mm.
Southern half of State; searce. May 12-June 26. Occurs on
the greenbrier (Snilar).
LNIII. Buiepwaarip, Rogers. 1556. (Gr., ‘‘eyve-lid.’’)
TIere belongs a single robust, oval species having the antenne
rather widely separated at base, half as long as body, first four
joints sinooth, the second half as iong as first; third and fourth
slender, each longer than second; 5 to 10 broader than fourth, grad-
ually very slightly shorter and pubescent, 11th longer and with a
1208 FAMILY LIII.—CHRYSOMELIDZ.
very small conical terminal joint; hind tibie sinuate and deeply
grooved on outer edge near apex; tarsi stout, first joint broadly tri-
angular, fourth slender.
2233 (6919). BLEPHARIDA RHOIS Forst., Novy. Spec., Ins., 1771, 21.
Short, robust, oval, convex. Under surface and legs
reddish-brown; above dull yellow, the elytra paler, irregu-
larly variegated with dark reddish-brown; antennse piceous,
the four basal joints paler. Thorax more than twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, sides regularly curved, front an-
gles prominent, hind ones obtuse; disk sparsely and finely
punctured and with a row of coarser punctures around the
mirgins. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, each
with nine feebly impressed rows of coarse, deep. distant punctures. Length
5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 532.)
Fig 532,
Throughout the State; rather common on sumac. May 19-Ov-
tober 1. The elytra vary greatly in the proportion of reddish-
brown markings, these sometimes covering the entire surface except
the sides and apex. Known as the ‘‘jumping sumac beetle.’’
LXIV Cuyrocnems Stephens. 1831. (Gr., ‘“‘spine + tibie.’’)
Small elongate or oval, black or brown, usually faintly bronze 1
species having the head immersed in thorax to eyes, the front not
carinate; antenne slender, at least half the length of body, second
joint elongate-oval, 3 to 6 slender and longer, 7 to 11 gradually
broader and flattened, the 11th nearly as long as the two preceding.
acute at tip; thorax always broader than long, narrowed in front,
hase regularly curved, without an impression in front; elytra at
most but little wider than thorax, their punctures in rows; hind
tibie sinuate near apex, with a triangular tooth above the curve,
grooved at apex on the outer sidc and terminating in a rather long,
stout spur; tarsal claws simple. The following species have been
taken or probably occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CILELOCNEMA,
w. Sides of thorax regularly curved from base to apex, the front angles
not obliquely truncated, :
b. Head punctate, sometimes indistinetly so.
¢. Rows of elytral punctures confused or irreguhur at base.
d. Punctures of elytral striw 1 {0 S much confused to beyond the
iniddle.
CRIBATA,
dd. Punctures of clytral strie 1 to 3 irregular near the base only:
punctures of thorax course, :
WIE LEAP BEETLES. 1209
e. Form elongate, subcylindrical. SUBCYLINDRICA.
ee. Form regularly oval. IRREGULARIS.
ce. Rows of elytral punctures regular.
f. Form elongate-oval, more than twice as long as wide; piceous,
surface bronzed ; apical portion of antennee and all the femora
piceous. PeB4. PROTENSA.
ff. Form oval, not twice as long as wide.
g. Punctures of head distinct.
h. Punctures of the front and clypeus dense and rugulose; sur-
face subopaque. 2235, DENTICULATA.
hh. Punctures of the front and clypeus coarse, well separated ;
surface shining. 2256. CRIBRIFRONS.
gg. Vunctures of head small, indistinct.
i, Punctures of elytral striz well impressed to apex; thorax
with a distinct basal row of punctures. 2237. MINUTA.
ii. Punctures of elytral strive feebly impressed, nearly obsolete
at apex; basal row of thoracic punctures very feeble.
2238. PINGUIS.
bb. Head absolutely without punctures.
j. Thorax with an entire basal marginal line, which is not defined
by punctures; color brassy bronze; scutellar stria regular.
2239. OPULENTA.
jj. Thorax with a basal marginal row of punctures.
kh. Thorax shining, minutely alutaceous. 2240. PARCEPUNCTATA.
kk. Thorax subopaque, distinctly alutaceous. 2241. PULICARIA.
aa. Sides of thorax obliquely truncate at the front angles and with an
angulation in front ef middle; thorax without basal marginal line.
2242. CONFINIS.
C. cribata Lec., brassy-bronzed, antenne, tibiw and tarsi reddish-
yellow, length 2 mm., is known from Massachusetts and Oregon. C.
subcylindrica Lec., piceous, feebly bronzed, length 2-2.5 mm.; and
C. irregularis Lee., piceous, distinctly bronzed, length 2 mm., are
known to occur in Michigan.
2234 (7042). CH2TOCNEMA PROTENSA Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII,
1878, 417.
Form given in key. Piceous, distinctly brassy-bronzed ; tibise, tarsi and
basal half of antennz reddish-yellow. Head coarsely, not closely punctate.
Thorax one-third wider at base than long, sides regularly curved, feebly
narrowing to apex; disk minutely alutaceous, rather finely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, with regular rows of
rather coarse, close-set punctures; intervals flat. wider than strive, without
punctures. Length 2.5-2.S nim.
Lake County; rare. Octoher 6. Ranges from Maryland and
Michigan westward to Colorado.
1210 PAMILY LAIT.—CIIRYSOMELIDAS.
*2935 (7040). CHA@&TOCNEMA DENTICULATA I., Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807,
163.
Oblong-oval, robust. Piceous-
bronzed, slightly brassy; antennz
reddish-ycllow at base, the outer five
or six joints piceous; front and mid-
dle femora brown, hind ones piceous
bronzed; tibise and tarsi reddish-yel-
low. Head and thorax alutaceous;
the latter nearly twice as wide at
base as long, sides regularly curved
to apex; surface rather coarsely and
regularly but not densely punctured,
the basal marginal line feeble at the
sides. Elytra not wider at base than
thorax, the punctures coarse and
deep, not closely placed; intervals
nearly flat on disk, subconvex on
: a sides, ench with a row of very fine
a punctures. Length 2.8-2.5 mm. (Fig.
533.)
Throughout the State; fre-
quent. January 5-Octoher 24. Occurs on sedges and grasses in
moist meadows. Tlibernates heneath leaves and rubbish in fence
corners.
Tig, 533. 18. (After_Iorbes.)
2236 (7048). CiaTrocNeMA criprirrons Lec., Bull. U. §. Geol. Surv., 1879,
517.
Oval, but proportionately more elongate than denticulata. Dark bronze,
moderately shining; antennz brownish at base, outer joints piceous; legs
as in denticulata. Thorax also as in that species but with basal marginal
line distinct at the sides. Length 2.2-2.7 mm.
Lake, Marshall, Putnam and Orange counties; scaree. April 10-
September 9. Resembles denticulala very closely, but less broad
and with the punctures of the elypeus very eoarse, deep and well
separated.
2237 (——). ClMaTOCNEMA MINUTA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., ITI,
1847, 167.
Oval, robust. Piceous, distinctly bronzed, shining; antenne with four
basal joints brownish-yellow, the remainder piceous; legs piceous, the tibixe
and tarsi sometimes paler. Head distinctly alutaceous, indistinetly punc-
tate. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest at middle, disk faintly alu-
taceous, finely and sparsely punctured; basal row of punctures distinct and
coarse, FElytra distinetly wider at base than thorax, punctures coarse
rather closely placed, slightly broader than long; intervals feebly HT,
without punctures. Length 2 mm. -
TILE LEAP BEETLES. 1211
Lake, Starke and Marshall counties; frequent along the marshy
margins of lakes. May 18—May 30.
2288 (7041). CH@®TOCNEMA PINGUIS Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1878, 417.
Short, oval, robust. Piceous-bronzed, shining; antenne with five basal
joints reddish-yellow, the remainder bronzed; middle and hind femora
bronzed, front femora and all the tibise and tarsi reddish-yellow. Head very
finely alutaceous, minutely and sparsely but distinctly punctate. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, sides more curved than in minuta; surface
faintly alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra but slightly
wider than thorax, widest at middle; surface distinctly alutaceous, umbone
not prominent; strie feebly impressed, more deeply on sides, their punc-
tures fine and well separated; intervals smooth. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Lawrence County; scarce. May 11. Resembles minuta in form,
color and size, but differs in the basal punctures of thorax and in
the less impressed and more finely punctured elytral strie and the
more distinctly punctate head. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna.
2239 (10,462). CH&TOCNEMA OPULENTA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVI.
1889, 264.
Oval, moderately convex. Brassy-bronze, not alutaceous; antenne red-
dish-yellow at base, gradually darker to tips; femora bronzed, tibiz and
tarsi reddish-yellow. Head finely wrinkled, not punctured. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, sides regularly curved, basal marginal line deep, en-
tire; surface coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
at base than thorax, stris feebly impressed, punctures very coarse, deep
and closely placed; intervals feebly convex, finely but distinctly punctulate.
Length 2—2.5 mm.
Starke and Wayne counties; scarce. May 19-May 26. Swept
from the foliage of mint in low, moist places. Known heretofore
only from California, Nevada and New Mexico.
2240 (7050). CHATOCNEMA PARCEPUNCTATA Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., 18738, 74.
Oval, robust. Piceous-bronzed, shining ; tibie, tarsi and base of an-
tenne paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides curved; disk finely alu-
taceous, sparsely and rather finely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at
base than thorax, strise feebly impressed, the rows of punctures large, round
and rather close-set; intervals narrow. not punctate. Length 1.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. June 12. Swept from low-ground herb-
age. Known from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio and south-
ward.
1212 PAMILY LI.—CHURYSOWELID.E.
2241 (7053). CHastOCNEMA PULICARIA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1847, 167.
Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Black, shining with
faint greenish or bluish-bronzed lustre; antenne with
three or four basal joints reddish-yellow, the remainder
piceous; femora piceous, tibisxe and tarsi brownish-yel-
low. Head and thorax alutaceous, the latter one-half
wider at base than long, distinctly narrowed in front,
bagal marginal line punctured to near middle; surface
very finely, sparsely aud shallowly punctured. Hlytra
a little wider at base than thorax, umbone smooth, dis-
tinct, punctures rather coarse and closely placed; in-
tervals slightly convex, each with a row of minute
punctures. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. (Fig. 534.)
Fig. 534, x 14. (After :
Chittenden in Bull. 33 N. Ser., Southern half of State, frequent; Starke
8, Div. Ent.)
ail County only in the north. March 25-July 1.
Taken by sifting in early spring. Said to be sometimes injurious
to corn and millet.
2242 (7055). CHETOCNEMA CONFINIS Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
1873, 74.
Broadly oval, robust. Piceous, slightly
bronzed; antennze and legs reddish-yellow ; hind
femora piceous. Head finely alutaceous, not
punctured. Thorax twice as wide as long, dis-
tinctly narrowed in front; disk alutaceous,
rather coarsely and regularly but not closely
punctured. Wlytra scarcely wider at base than
thorax, the striz more deeply impressed on sides,
punctures rather coarse, close and deep; inter-
vals slightly convex, minutely punctate. Length
1.5-1.8 mm. (Fig. 535.)
Throughout the State; common. April
18—October 27. Probably hibernates. Oc-
curs in gardens and often damages young sweet potatoes by eating
channels along the veins of the leaves. The leaves (not the roots)
should be dipped in a strong solution of arsenate of lead before
being set out.
®
Fig. 535. x 17}. (After Forbes.)
LAXVI. Creprpoper, (Chev. 1834, (Gr., “‘a half boot + neck.’’)
Small oval or oblong-oval brownish, greenish or blackish-bronzed
species, having the front more or less triangular, inserted in thorax
to the eyes; antennx half as long ax body, second joint half as long
as first, 3 to 10 subequal, a little longer than second and gradually
slightly broader to eleventh, which is longer and acute at tip; tho-
rax broader than long, the ante-basal impression limited at each end
THE LEAP BEETI1S. 1218
by a longitudinal one; first ventral segment as long as the next
three; hind tibia obliquely truncate and with a small spur. Six of
the seven species recognized by Horn have heen taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CREPIDODERA.
a. Form oblong-oval or elongate.
b. Head and thorax yellow, elytra blue; thorax and prosternum smooth.
2243. RUFIPES.
bb. Head and thorax of same color as elytra; thorax distinctly and
rather coarsely punctured.
ec. Elytra uniform in coloration; prosternum smooth or very spar-
ingly punctate.
d. Form narrow, elongate; reddish-yellow with greenish surface
lustre. 2244. LONGULA.
dd. Form more oval; surface metallic blue, bronzed or green; thorax
with fine and coarse punctures mixed. 2245, HELXINES.
ce. Elytra more or less dull yellow on apical third; prosternum dense-
ly punctate. 2246. MODEERI.
aa. Form broadly oval or ovate.
e. Reddish-yellow, without metallic lustre; thorax not distinetly punc-
' tured; abdomen piceous. 2247. ATRIVENTRIS.
ee. Piceous black, shining; thorax coarsely and rather closely punctate;
elytra each with a small elevation at middle of base.
2248. NITENS.
2243 (6979). CREPIDODERA RUFIPES Linn., Syst. Nat., X, 1765, 373.
Oblong-ovai, nearly parallel. Head, thorax and
legs dull reddish-yellow; elytra dark blue, shining ;
metasternum and abdomen piceous. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, sides straight and parallel
behind the middle, rounded to apex in front; disk
convex, smooth. Elytra a little wider at base than
thorax, umbone rather prominent and smooth ; each
with a long scutellar row and nine discal rows of
eoarse, closely placed punctures; intervals narrower
than the strim, slightly convex. Length 2.5-3 mm. 1
(Fig. 536.) ‘ Fig. 536. x 10.
Southern half of State; frequent. April (After Howardin Insect Life, V.)
°4 June 6. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. Introduced
from Europe. Occurs on black locust, Robinia, and sometimes in-
jurious to peach and apple foliage.
2244 (10,428). CREPIDODERA LoNGULA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XVI,
1889, 240.
Elongate-oval, nearly parallel. Pale reddish-yellow, surface with a dis-
tinct greenish lustre; suture narrowly piceous, more broadly so near base.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, very little narrowed in front, sides
feebly curved; disk convex, with rather coarse, irregular and unequal punc-
1214 FAMILY LIII.—CHRYSOMELID.
tures. Blytra very little wider than thorax, umbone not prominent, disk
with scutellar and nine discal strive of coarse, rather closely set punctures ;
intervals flat, each with a single row of fine punctures. Length 2.5 mm.
Jackson, Spencer and Dubois counties; rare. May 13-May 24.
Occurs on willow.
2245 (6980). CREPIDODERA HELNINES Linn., Syst. Nat., X, 1765, 378.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Metallic bronzed, blue or green; an-
tenne and legs reddish-yellow, hind femora often darker; under surface
piceous. Thorax more than half wider than long, not narrowed in front,
sides very feebly curved; ante-basal impression deep and at each end sud-
denly bent towards base. surface coursely and unequally punctate. Elytra
distinctly wider at base than thorax, umbone rather prominent, punctures
rather coarse, becoming finer towards apex; intervals very minutely punc-
tate. Length 2.5-3.3 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 16-July 14. Occurs
especially on the feliave of elm, thorn, willow and poplar, and some-
times attacks thet ef apple and pear. A handsome little species ex-
ceedinely variable in hue.
22400 (GOS2). Crepipopera Mopeert Tinn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 167.
Oblong-oyal, rather robust, narrowed in front. Piceous with a shining
bronzed lustre; apical third of elytra indistinctly dull vellow; antennse
brownish or piceous, the four basal joints pale; legs brown, the front and
middle pairs paler, Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly parallel
behind the middle; disk convex, the ante-basal impression more shallow
than in heLrincs, the impressions at each of its ends deeper, surface coarsely
and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra distinetly wider at base than thorax,
umbone prominent, punctures coarse and close-set on base. finer and more
distant towards apex. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Lake and Kosciusko counties; searce. May 30-June 29. Oceurs
on the arrow alum and other semiaquatie plants about the margins
of lakes. A member of the Transition life zone. Our form is var.
mancula Lee,
2247 (6981). CREPIDODERA ATRIVEN TRIS Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
TII, 1847, 165.
Short, broadly ovate, ecnyex. Dull reddish-yellow ; antennse and legs
paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, obliquely trun-
eate near front angles and with a slight angulation one-third from apex;
disk convex, not punctured. Elytra wider at base than thorax, umbone
distinet; punctures coarse, rather closely placed on base, finer toward apex.
Length 1.5-1.8 mm.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1215
Throughout the State; common. March 20-September 5. Oc-
curs on leaves of May-apple and beneath rubbish in moist, grassy
places. Our smallest species.
2248 (10,429). CREPIDODERA NITENS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVI,
1889, 248.
Ovate, robust. Black, shining; antenn pale reddish-yellow; femora
piceous, tibie brown, tarsi paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly
narrowed in front, obliquely truncate near front angles; disk convex, ante-
basal impression feeble, surface rather coarsely, deeply and closely punc-
tured. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, umbone rather feeble;
disk convex with a vague transverse depression one-third from base and
along the suture, causing an apparent feeble elevation on each elytron ; pune-
tures small, not closely placed; intervals flat, wider than the stris, smooth
and shining. Length 2 mm.
Marion, Dubois and Perry counties; rare. April 12—June 12.
Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. Resembles the black species
of Epitrix but devoid of hairs.
LXNVIT. Orriantica Crotch. 1873. (Gr., ‘‘straight + jump.’’)
Small, clongate, parallel, brownish or piceous beetles, having the
antenn nearly as long as body, male, shorter in female, the second
joint half as long as first ; the others dissimilar in the sexes. Thorax
broader than long, scarcely wider at base, apex truncate, sides and
base curved, disk with a rather deep antebasal impressed line, not
limited at the ends, which ¢radually approach the base; first ventral
segment as long as the next three; hind tibiw with a short spur.
Two species are known, both of which occur in the State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF ORTHALTICA.
a. Antenne stout in both sexes; elytral rows of punctures confused on each
side of scutellum; antebasal impression of thorax rather deep but
not sharply impressed; front punctate. 2249, COPALINA.
aa. Antenns slender; elytral punctures not confused near scutellum; ante-
basal impression deep, sharply defined; front smooth.
2250. MELINA.
2249 (6993). ORTHALTICA COPALINA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 466.
Elengate-parallel, subconvex. Brownish or piceous, shining; when pic-
eous the head and thorax paler; antenn:e and legs reddish-yellow. Antenne
of male with third and fourth joints equal, a little longer than second, fifth
longer than either fourth or sixth, 6 to 10 gradually shorter and stouter,
[77—23402]
1216 PAMILY LUL--CHRYSOMELID.E.
11th one-half longer than 10th and acuminate at apex; in female joints 4
to 10 are equal, shorter thin third and slender. Thorax one-half wider
than long, base scarcely broader than apex, margins finely serrate; surface
rather sparsely but deeply and coarsely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider
than thorax, umbone prominent; disk with nine rows of coarse, closely
placed punctures, those of the inner rows confused at base; intervals slightly
convex. Length 2-3} mm.
Throughout the State; frequent on sumae and Hercules’ club.
May 20—July 7.
2250 (10,481). ORTHALTICA MELINA Horn, Trans. Amer. Wnt. Soc, XVI,
188), 249.
Elongate, parallel. Vale reddish-yellow, shining. Thorax one-half wider
than long, widest in front of middle, sides curved, slightly oblique in front of
base, margins entire; disk convex, rather coarsely, sparsely and irregularly
punctate. Wlytra wider at base than thorax, umbone distinct; disk with
fechly impressed rows of rather distant moderate punctures; intervals flat,
smooth. Length 1.5-2 mm.
Floyd County; searee. June 28. Known heretofore only from
Kansas and Texas.
DNXVIT. Mperrrix Foud. 1859. (Gv. “upon + hair.’’)
Very small convex species, differing from Crepidodcra in the
upper surface bearing short, semicrect hairs, sparsely placed over
the thorax and arranged in a single row on cach interval of the
elytra. The head has an oblique ridge each side, extending from
the end of the frontal carina to the eye and limited above by an im-
pressed line, the two forming together a broad V The frout angles
of the thorax are obliquely truncate with a small tooth behind the
truncation. Five species are known from the State, while another
may oceur.
KEY ‘TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EPIURIN,
a. Upper surface piccous.
b. Thorax very densely and coursely punctate: antebasal impression
very feeble. Pl, PREC LA,
bb. Thorax not densely punetate, the punctures well separated.
ve. Antebasal impression well marked,
Ce rfp ‘ ye ey ft 7
da. Vlytral strim rather deep, the punetures coarse, close and quad-
rates punctures of thorax close, though separated, LOBAT\.
‘ + SUPE. eSpoeds: , q t ¥
dd. Wytral strie, especially those nearest the suture, very feeble. the
punetures round, net crowded, P2A2. CUCU MERIS.
ce. Antebasal impression very feeble; species smiatler, not over 1.5 mi.
2253. BREVIS,
THE GEAR BEBTTLES. 1217
ad. Upper surface reddish-brown; legs always pale.
ec, Thorax rather closely punctate, the antebasal impression scarcely
visible. 2254. PARVULA.
cc. Thorax sparsely punctate, the antebasal impression distinct.
2255. WUMERALIS.
225L (6989). Epirrix rusctura Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 72.
Ovate, rather robust, convex. Piceous, fee-
bly shining; antennze reddish-yellow, often dark-
er towards apex; femora all piceous, tibiz and
tarsi dull reddish-yellow. ‘Thorax twice as wide
as long, slightly narrowed in front; antebasal
impression narrow, sinuate, often almost obso-
lete; surface coarsely, densely and deeply punc-
tured. Elytra scarcely wider at base than tho-
rax, umbone rather prominent, punctures on mid-
dle round, not crowded, those on sides deep.
more closely placed; intervals as wide as or
wider than strie, each with a single row of Fig. 557. «14. (After Chittenden
minute sete bearing punctures. Length 2 mm. jn Bull. 33. NV. £er., U.S. Div. Ent.)
(Fig. 537.)
Throughout the Ntate; common. March 20-November 20.
Doubtless hibernates beneath dead leaves in fence corners along
cultivated fields, as large numbers were taken by sifting on the dates
above given. Noted especially on hazelnut, pokeweed and, in July,
hy hundreds on egg-plant, to which it was doing much damage.
E. lobala Crotch, length 1.5-2 mm., 1s a southern species which
has been recorded from Cincinnati.
2252 (6987). TEpirrix cUcumMERIS IJlarris, Mass. Journ. Agr., 1851, 103.
Ovate, slightly oblong. Piceous, shining; an-
tenne and legs reddish-yellow, the hind femora only
piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
slightly narrowed in front, antebasal inipression
deep and slightly curved toward the base, the longi-
tudinal impressions at its ends well marked; sur-
face much more finely and sparsely punctured than
in fuseula. FElytra slightly wider at base than tho-
vax, umbone rather prominent, stri:e feebly im-
pressed, the punctures large and closely placed.
oe Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 538.)
Fig. 5388. > 13. (After Chitten-
den ia Bull. 19, N. Ser., U. S. Div. Throughout the State; much less common
zeny than fuscu/a, April 19-October 1. Occurs on
a variety of field and garden products. Said to injure potatoes by
eating small round holes in their leaves. Remedies: Bordeaux
mixture and Paris green.
1218 PAMILY LI11I.—CHRYSOMELIDE.
2253 (GO8G). EPITRIxX BREVIS Schwarz, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1878, 367.
1 Broadly ovate. Piceous,
shining; antenue and legs pale
reddish-brown; hind femora yic-
eous. Thorax twice as wide as
long, slightly narrowed in front,
sides distinctly curved; punc-
tures moderate in size, close but
not crowded; antebasal impres-
sion scarcely evident, the longi-
| tudinal ones not visible. Hlytra
| a little wider at base than tho-
' rax; strie feebly impressed on
' disk, deeper on sides, the punc-
tures of former rounded and
distinct, those at sides more
' quadrate and closer. Length
' 15mm. (Fig. 539.)
Throughout the State;
Li Hn + ----—---! searee. April 22-September
Fig. 539. X 28. (After Forbes.) 25. Shorter and more con-
vex than cucumeris, from
which it is easily separated by the lack of antebasal impression.
ve54 (6991). Eprrrtx rarvuna Fabr., Syst. Bleut., I, 1801, 468.
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Dull reddish-yellow; elytra often with a fus-
cous transverse cloud at middle; abdomen brown; antenne and legs pale
reddish-yellow, the four outer joints of former and hind femora of latter
often darker. Thorax convex, shining, nearly twice as wide as long, not
narrowed in front; antebasal impression evident hut not deep; surface dis-
tinctly but rather finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra very little wider
than thorax, umbone feeble, punctures rather conrse and not crowded on
disk; finer and more close-set on sides, where the intervals are subconvex.
Length 1.5-2 mm.
Southern hall! of State; frequent. April 1k-November 22.
Taken by sifting and sweeping.
2255 (——). Wprrrrx wUmMerALIs Pury, Journ, Cin. Sec Nat. Iist., XX,
TOG, 2s
Ovate, rather robust. Tead, thorax and legs reddish-brown: elytra
darker brown, the wnbones paler. Thorax fully twice as wide as long, sides
broadly rounded, surface finely and sparsely punetate : aiutebasal impression
well marked. Elytral strive feebly impressed, the punctures large, round,
deep and closely placed. Length 2.5 min.
Wayne, Marion, Putnam, Dubois, Posey and Perry counties;
searce, April 22-September 5. Taken hy sweeping herbage. De-
seribed from Cincinnati, Indiana and Kansas.
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1219
LXTX. Mantura Stephens. 1831. (A mythological name.)
To this genus belongs a single small, elongate-oval, brownish
species, having the antenne slender, half as long as body, the outer
five joints abruptly broader; thorax with a deep longitudinal basal
impression each side opposite the middle of each elytron and ex-
tending nearly half way to apex; first ventral segment nearly as
long as all the others; tibise each with a small terminal spur; claws
simple.
2256 (7032). MANTURA FLORIDANA Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1873, 73.
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Brownish, with a bronzed lustre;
elytra indefinitely paler on apical third; antenne brownish, the basal joints
paler; legs reddish-yellow, the hind femora darker. Thorax nearly twice
as wide as long, widest at base, gradually narrowed in front; surface
coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate, more sparsely between the
basal depressions. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, umbone not
prominent, disk with ten rows of rather fine, deep punctures; intervals
broader than stris, smooth. Length 2 mm.
Steuben, Marion, Putnam, Orange and Posey
counties; scarce. April 22—July 14. Taken by
sifting and sweeping.
LXNX. Sysrena Chey. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘com-
pressed.’’)
Small elongate, usually subdepressed species,
having the antenne slender, half as long as body,
slightly thicker toward the tip, the fourth joint
longer than the third or fifth. Thorax broader
than long, very little narrowed in front, margins Rig Pai ce
very narrow, hind angles acute, disk but vaguely Chittenden in Bull. 43, U. 8.
impressed in front of base; front cox narrowly ?”
separated, the cavities closed behind; hind tibiz grooved on the
outer edge and carinate, terminated by a single spur; claws appen-
diculate. Five species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SYSTENA.
a. Elytra wholly piceous or dark brown, slightly bronzed.
bd. Head entirely black. 2257. HUDSONIAS.
bb. Head dull reddish-yellow. 2258, ¥FRONTALIS.
aa. Elytra dull yellow or with yellowish stripes.
c. Elytra piceous, with a yellow stripe reaching nearly to apex; gene
(cheeks) very coarsely punctate. 2259. ELONGATA.
ce. Elytra pale, dull yellow, sometimes with a paler median stripe; gene
smooth.
1220 PAMILY Lb CHURYSOM ELIDA.
d, Surface shining, the punctuation never very coarse; elytra each
with a paler median stripe.
2260. TADNIATA.
dd. Surface subopaque, the punctuation coarse, close and deep; elytra
without a paler median stripe.
2057 (6995).
ioe eee es
Fig. 541, x 10. (After Forbes.)
2261, MARGINALIS,
SysTENA HUDSONIAS Forst., Nov. Sp. Ins., 1771, 26.
Hlongate, subdepressed. Pic-
eous black, shining ; antennze with
joints 3, 4 and 5 dull yellow, the
others more or less piceous; legs
black. Thorax about one-third
wider than long, sides feebly
eurved, front angles obliquely
truncate; surface finely aluta-
ceous, indistinctly punctate, mi-
nutely wrinkled. Blytra wider at
base than thorax; disk coarsely and
closely punctate, somewhat rugose.
Length 4-4.5 mm, (Fig. 541.)
Throughout the State;
frequent in the southern,
searce in the northern coun-
ties. May 21-August 20. Oc-
curs on the greater ragweed,
Ambrosia trifida 1i.; also on elder and other weeds.
*2258 (6996). SySTENA FRONTALIS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 300.
Resembles hudsonius very
closely. Usually a little
broader and less shining, the
head reddish or reddish-yel-
low; antennee and legs mostly
pale. Thorax more distinctly
and elytra less coarsely punc-
tate. Males in both species
with the last ventral segment
notched each side, the middle
lobe with 2 deeply impressed
triangular median line. Length
3.5-4.5 mm. (Wig. 542.)
Throughout the State;
less common than hudso-
wias, Tlibernates beneath
hark of soft maple and
mullein leaves, February
If-September 22. Oceurs
most frequently on smart-
weed (Polygonum), the
Wg. 542, x 10. (After Forbes.)
greater ragweed and pigweed (Chenopodium),
|
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1221
2250 (7000). SysTeNa ELoNGATA Fabr., Ent. Syst., Supp., 1798, 99.
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous with a slight bronzed lus-
tre; elytra each with a yellow stripe on middle reaching nearly to apex;
antenne brownish; legs reddish, hind femora piceous. Head coarsely and
closely punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly curved;
disk convex, coarsely and closely punctate. LElytra distinctly wider at base
and more finely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Length 34 mm.
Posey Coutity; rare. April 12. Beaten from wild grape.
2260 (7003). SysTeNa TaniaTa Say, Long’s Sec. Exped., 1824, 294; ibid.
I, 195.
Elongate-oval. Color variable, usually
reddish or brownish-yellow, shining; elytra
each always with a paler median stripe; un-
der surface and narrow margins of thorax
usually piceous; antennre and legs reddish-
brown. ‘Thorax one-fourth wider than long,
sides feebly rounded, surface finely and
sparsely punctured. Elytra distinctly wider
than thorax, finely, shallowly and ‘yather
densely punctate. Length 34.5 mm. (Tig.
543.)
Throughout the State; frequent.
May 16-July 25. Occurs on ragweed,
horseweed, flowers of Cornel, ete. The
form above described is var. blanda Melsh., the only variety so far
noted in the State. <A variety with median pale stripe of elytra
much narrower is also known. (Fig. 540.)
& 4
Tig. 542, * 9. (After Forbes.)
2261 (7002). SySTENA MARGINALIS II], Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807, 150.
Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Pale dull yellow, scarcely shining; sides
of thorax and elytra very narrowly piceous; antennre with the terminal
halves of the outer joints piceous. Head alutaceous, sparsely and regu-
larly punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, not broader at base
than apex, sides regularly curved; disk coarsely, not closely punctured.
Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, rather densely and coarsely
punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Lake and Marshall counties; scarce. July 11-August 21. Oc-
curs on oak.
LXXT. Drsoura Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘two+spine.’’)
Small oval or oblong species having the head rounded, retracted
within the apex of thorax; front carinate with distinct tubercles;
antenne at least half as lone as body, the outer joints a little
stouter; thorax broader than long, much narrowed in front; elytra
oval, not wider than base of thorax, with regular rows of punc-
tures; hind femora strongly dilated, tibie slender, broader and
1222 FAMILY LITI.—--CHRYSOMELIDA.
denticulate at tip, terminated by a rather long and broad spur
which is deeply emarginate at tip; first joint of tarsi one-third the
length of tibiw; claws appendiculate.
2262 (7057). DIBOLIA BOREALIS Chev., Guer. Icon. Regne Anim., 1845, 307.
Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Piceous bronzed, usually cupreous or
bluish; antenns and legs reddish-yellow, hind femora piceous, bronzed.
Thorax twice as wide at base as long, apex but little wider than the length,
sides curved; disk closely punctate with fine and coarse punctures inter-
mingled. Sides of elytra continuous with those of thorax, umbone promi-
nent; disk with rows of rather fine, close-set punctures, the third and sixth
rows often in part confused; intervals broad and flat, the second, fourth
and sixth with coarser punctures than the others. Length 3 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-June 2. Occurs on
plantain (Plantago major li.) in the leaves of which the larvee
breed.
LXNXII. Psyuiiopes Latr. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘flea +like.’’)
Head oval, deeply inserted; front nearly vertical without carina
or distinct tubercles; antenne 10-jointed, separated at base, joints
2, 3 and 4 nearly equal, 5 to 9 gradually slightly shorter, tenth
longer, acute at tip. Thorax broader than long, narrowed in front,
base broadly curved and with a distinct marginal line; hind femora
much thickened, suleate beneath for the tibie; hind tibim broader
toward the apex, ending in a short spur, the tip prolonged beyond
the union of the tarsi and with a border of short hairs; hind tarsi
slender, first joint more than half the length of tibie ; claws simple.
Two of the four known species have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSYLLIODES.
a. Elytral strive feebly impressed, the punctures closely placed; last ven-
tral segment of male distinctly impressed. 2263. PUNCTULATA.
aa. Elytral strise not impressed, the punctures well Separated; last ventral
of male convex, not impressed. 2264. CONVEXIOR.
2263 (7058). PsyLiiopes PUNCTULATA Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1847, 166. :
Hlongate-oval, little narrower in front, convex. Piceous or dark bronzed,
shining; antenne with three basal joints pale, the remainder brownish ;
front and middle femora piceous, the hind ones bronzed ; tibise reddish-yel-
low, darker at middle. Thorax one-half wider at base than long, obliquely
truncate at front angles; disk alutaceous, rather coarsely but not densely
punctate. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, punctures rather coarse;
intervals slightly convex, each with a single row of fine punctures. Length
2.3-2.7 mm.
Lake, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 2—July 21.
Said to occur on rhubarb and garden weeds.
|
THE LE\F BEETLES. 1223
2264 (7059). PsyLLiopes convexior Lec., Pac. R. R. Rep., 1857, 69.
Oblong-oval, moderately con-
vex. Piceous, shining and dis-
tinctly bronzed; antenne piceous,
three basal joints paler; legs as
in punctulata. Thorax nearly
twice as wide at base as long,
surface finely punctate at middle,
a little more coarsely at sides.
Elytra not wider at base than
thorax; punctures rather coarse,
well separated, becoming gradu-
ally finer toward apex; intervals
flat, the inner three with numer-
ous fine punctures, the outer ones
each with but a single row.
Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 544.)
Northern half of State;
frequent. Not taken south of
Marion County. April 25-
ae yet
October 23. Occurs on j ial
grasses and sedges in low,
moist meadows. Fig. 544. x 22, (After Forbes.)
Tribe XI. HISPINI.
Small or medium-sized wedge-shaped (elongate in genus Ste-
nispa) species having the elytra often broadly and squarely trun-
cate behind, with rows of deep punctures, and sometimes raised
lines or coste. The front of head is prominent, the mouth being
confined to the under surface, and the head is never covered by the
thorax, which is emarginate or truncate in front. The antenne are
short, straight, compact and close together at base. The larvx are
mostly leaf-miners, feeding between the upper and lower surfaces
of leaves, and have the head much narrower than the body and the
first three segments wider than those behind. Those that feed on
the surface of leaves cover themselves with a shelter or protection
of their own excrement. The following paper deals particularly
with the genera comprising the tribe.
Horn —‘‘ Miscellaneous Notes and Short Studies of North Amer-
ican Coleoptera,’’ ix Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., X, 1883,
290-303.
Five of the six genera recognized hy Horn are probably repre-
sented in the State.
1224 PAMIDY LIt.—CURYSOMELID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HISPIN].
a. Antenne 8- or 9-jointed.
pb. Antenne filiform or fusiform, the last four joints being united into
an oblong mass; elytra oval, convex, not or feebly costate.
LXNIITT. MIcrorHoPaLa,
bb. Antenne clavate, the last two joints forming an elongate-oval club ;
elyira with short, oblique folds, the intervals punctured.
LNNIV. Oeroroma.
ga. Antenne with 11 distinct joints.
ce, Elytra costate, the strim conrsely punctate.
d. Middle tibis straight. LXXY. CIlALEPUS.
dd. Middle tibie strongly curved. CITARISTENA,
cc. Elytva not costate, strive finely punetate; body elongate.
LXNNVI. STENISPA.
LNNIIT. Mrcrornopana Chev. 1834. (Gr., “little + ¢lub.’”)
In addition to characters given in key this geuus has the thorax
usually broader than long and wider at base; legs short, tibi
straight; third tarsal joint deeply bilobed. Six of the 12 species
recoenized by Horn should occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MICRORITOPALA,.
ud. Elytra with only eight rows of punctures ; last joint of tarsi very little
or not longer than the lobes of the third joint.
b. Joints 2 to G of antennee nearly smooth and without hairs; elytra
black, with the second costa and a narrow line at side red.
P2G5, VITTATA.
bb. Joints 2 to 6 of antennie roughly sculptured and somewhat hairy.
c. Body above bicolored, black, with the sides of thorax and elytral
stripe reddish-yellow. 2°00, XERENE.
cc. Body above entirely dark blue or slightly greenish.
d. Punctures of the outer rows on elytra much Jarger and of more
irregular size than the inner. 2267. EXCAVATA.
dd. Punetures of all the rows equal and distinct. CYAREA,
ad, Elytra with at least ten rows of punctures on the apical half.
e. Black; interval between the third and fourth coste with four rows
of punctures near apex; form slender, parallel. PORCATA,
ee, Reddish-yellow; elytra with small black spots and with ten entire
rows of punctures; last joint of tarsi nearly twice as long as the
lobes of the third. MELSHEIMERI.
2265 (7060). MicRorHorATA virrata Fabr., Ent. Syst. Supp., 1798, 117.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black or bluish-black, feebly bronzed ; head,
thorax, second costa and narrow marginal line of elytra, and often the base
of femora, red. Thorax twice as wide as long. sparsely, coarsely and rather
shallowly punctured. Elytra with eight rows of oblong punctures arranged
in pairs; alfernate intervals broader and a little more convex,
Length 5-
6.5 mim.
Lake County; vare. May 20,
THE LEAF BEETLES, 1225
2266 (7062). MicrorHoPaLa XERENI: Newin., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 390.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, sometimes feebly bronzed; thorax
with a narrow reddish stripe on sides which continues along the second
costa of elytra to near apex; tip of first costa also reddish. Front of head
coarsely punctured or with lengthwise grooves. Thorax one-half wider at
base than long, much narrowed at apex; surface coarsely, densely and
deeply punctured. Elytra with eight rows of coarse, deeply impressed
punctures: intervals slightly alternating, the second or red one much the
widest. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Steuben County; rare. June 15-June 16. Taken by sweeping
herbage in a tamarack marsh. The larvie of both this and vittata
are said to mine the leaves of goldenrod (Solidago).
2267 (7067). MiIcRORHOPALA EXCAVATA Oliv., Ent., VI, 1808, 775.
Oblong-oval. Uniform bluish-black, moderately shining. Front sulcate.
Thorax slightly broader than long, widest at base, coarsely and irregularly
punctured. Elytra with eight rows of coarse, deep punctures, those of the
two inner rows smaller and less deep; intervals often slightly elevated ;
margins of elytra with minute, distant teeth. Length 5 mm.
Lake County; rare. July 30.
M. cyanea Say, bluish-black, elytral intervals equal, length 6
mm., is known from Now York and Missouri; M. porcata Mels.,
black without lustre, length 3 mm., is said to occur rarely from
Pennsylvania to Dlinois; J/. melshetmcrt Crotch, length 3 mm.,
‘‘oeeurs in the Atlantie region and California.’’
LXNNIV. Ocroroma Suffr. 1868. (Gr., “‘eight + joint.’’)
Small wedge-shaped species having the antenne as long as head
and thorax, 8-jointed, the last two joints forming an elongate oval
club; elytra with short oblique folds or reticulated carinw, the inter-
vals punctured; tarsal claws divergent.
2268 (7090). OcTOTOMA PLICAIULA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., IT. 1801, 63.
Oblong, wider behind. Piceous black, feebly
bronzed, opaque; front of thorax, scutellum and base
of femora dull reddish-yellow ; antenne reddish-brown,
club darker. Thorax one-half wider than long, front
angles prominent, sides nearly straight, sinuate in
front of middle; disk coarsely punctured and with a
‘T-shaped elevation on the middle. Blytra oblong, each
wider and obliquely truncate at apex; disk flattened
and with numerous short, oblique, acutely elevated and
reticulate cnarin:e, the intervals or depressions sparsely
and coarsely punctate; margins and apex serrulate.
Length 4.5-5 mm. (Tig. 545.) cee. ote Gana
Southern half of State; scarce. May 11-Oc- Chittenden in Bull. 38, N. Ser,
tober 18. Oceurs on bush-clover (Lespedeza) Deets)
and the trumpet ereeper (Tecoma radicans Sass.)
1226 FAMILY LUl.—CHRYSOMELIDE.
LNXV. Cuavepus Thunb. 1805. (Gr., ‘‘difficult.’’)
The members of this genus resemble those of the preceding in
torm, but differ by having all the joints of the antenne distinct, the
elytra with the alternate intervals usually costate and the middle
tibie straight. Six species have been taken in the State, while an-
other probably occurs. They were listed by Henshaw under Odon-
tota.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHALEPUS.
a. Elytra with ten rows of punctures.
b. Elytra not costate; form narrow, parallel; thorax red, elytra blue.
COLLARIS.
bb. Elytra costate.
c. Blytra with three entire costs only.
d. Elytra black, or at most with reddish humeri.
ec. Body beneath black; thorax red with discal dark space; hu-
meri of elytra red. 2269. SCAPULARIS.
ec. Body beneath red; thorax wholly red; elytra wholly black.
2270. BICOLOR.
dd. Elytra mostly red.
f. Elytra with a very narrow black sutural line, which does not
reach apex. 2271. HORNII.
ff. Blytra with a black sutural stripe which broadens gradually
from base to apex. 2272. DORSALIS.
ce. Elytra with three entire coste, and a fourth represented at base
and apex between the second and third; color reddish-yellow,
with darker spaces on elytra; length 6-6.5 mim. 2273. RUBRA.
aa. Elytra with eight rows of punctures; color reddish with dark mark-
ings; length 3.5-4 mm. 2°74. NERVOSA.
C. collaris Say, length 5.5-6 mm., is known from Colorado and
Tllinois.
2269 (7075). CHALEPUS SCAPULARIS Oliv., Ent., VI, 1808, 766.
Wedge-shaped, robust. Black, feebly shining; a broad stripe each side
of thorax, humeral angles of elytra, and sometimes the base of femora, dull
red. Thorax widest at base, sides subangulate at middle; disk depressed
near base, coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra each with three costie.
the second and third separated by four rows of punctures ; apex serrulate.
Length 5.5-7 mm.
Steuben, Starke, Marshall and Vigo counties; scarce. June 15-
September 18. Occurs on the hog-peanut, Faleata comosa lh.
2270 (7077). CHALEPUS BICOLOR Oliv., Encye. Method., VIT, 1792, 96.
Elongate, nearly parallel. Black, subopaque; thorax, sentellum, under
surface, and often the base of femora, bright red. Vertex suleate. Thorax
very little wider at base, sides obtusely angulate; disk very coarsely, dense-
ly and deeply punctured. Elytra with sides and apex serrulate; disk punc-
tured and costate as in scapularis, except that the four rows of punctures
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1227
between the second and third cost:e are merged into two at middle. Length
6 mm.
Dubois, Perry and Spencer counties; scarce. May 12-May 24.
Taken by sweeping roadside herbage.
2°71 (TOTS). CITALEPUS HorRNIT Smith, Entom. Americ., I, 1885, 94.
Elongate, slightly wider behind. Bluish-black, shining; thorax and ely-
ira searlet red, the latter with a blackish sutural line reaching three-fourths
to apex. Vertex sulcate. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides dis-
tinctly subangulate near middle; surface coarsely and densely punctate.
Elytra each with three costie, the first and second indistinct behind the
middle; the four rows of punctures between the second and third regular.
Length 5-6.5 mm.
Lake and Marshall counties; searee. May 21-August 1. Occurs
on the hog-peanut, Palcata comose L.
2272 (7079). CHALEPUS pDoRSALIS Thunb., Gotting..
Gel. Anz., 1805, 282.
Wedge-shaped, rather broad. Color of hornii ex-
cept that the black sutural stripe of elytra becomes
sradually much broader and extends to apex. Vertex
coarsely punctate. Thorax wider at base, sides regu-
larly curved; disk coarsely and densely punctate, fee-
bly depressed near base. Elytra costate and punctate
as in scapularis, the margins and apex serrulate.
Length 66.5 mm. (Tig. 546.)
Throughout the State, freyuent; much more
so in the southern counties. Alareh 20—Decem-
ber 25. Occurs on the flowers of black locust
eR é = Fig. 546. (After Chitten-
(Robinia), in the leaves of which the larva den in Bull. 38, N. Ser, U. 8.
mine; also on pokeweed and clover. Hibernates ? ™)
beneath locust bark.
2273 (7080). CHALEPUS RUBRA Weber, Obs. Ent., 1801,
60.
Broadly wedge-shaped, depressed. Rose red or
reddish-yellow, the elytra with indistinct darker mark-
ings along the sides and on apical half; under surface
pale red to piceous, legs yellow. Vertex punctured.
Thorax much broader behind, sides nearly straight;
disk coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra much
broader at apex. the margins flattened and serrate;
disk with three entire costs, a shorter oblique one
from umbone to second and another from apex of third
for a short distance forward. Length 6-6.5 mm. (Fig.
5AT.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 6—
Fig. 547. & 6. (After
Chittenden in Bull, 38, X. July 21. Occurs on locust, oak, soft maple and
Ser., U. S. Div. Ent.) linn
1228 FAMILY L1M.—-CHRYSOMELID.2.
9974 (7OS2). CHALEPUS NERVOSA Panz., Ed. Voet., TV, 1798, 92.
Elongate-oblong, nearly parallel. Color variable from nearly uniform
rose red to nearly piceous, with a few indistinct reddish or yellowish spots ;
legs pale. Vertex with a median groove. Thorax one-third wider at base
than apex, sides nearly straight, front angles often prominent and denti-
form; disk coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra each with three entire
acute cost, the first broader, and but eight rows of punctures; margins
and apex serrulate. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March S—June 28. Occurs on
weeds and bushes of many kinds. Mating Mav 28.
Charistena nigrita Oliv., rather elongate, black, with faint bluish
lustre, length 3.8 mm., is said to be widely distributed over the At-
lantic region.
LNXNXVI. Srenisp, Baly. 1858. (Gr., ‘narrow or straight.’’)
Elongate, subevlindrival, black or bluish-black species, having
the antenne 11-jointed, the third joint cylindrical, nearly as long
as the first two; 4 to 10 subequal, 11th longer and subacute at tip;
front concave with a carina between the antenne; thorax quadrate;
tarsi dilated, densely pubescent beneath, first joint triangular, third
deeply bilobed; tarsal claws divaricate. One of the two species has
been taken in the State, while the other may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF STENISPA.
lo
=I
zt
a. Black with a slight bronze tinge. wt METALLICA,
ad. Black with a bluish tinge; thorax red. COLLARIS,
2275 (7093). STENISPA METALLICA Iabr., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 66.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Uniform black, shining, with a slight bronzed
tinge. Thorax a little longer than wide, sides nearly straight, feebly curved
near front angles; surface very sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra slightly
wider than thorax, each with ten entire rows and a seutellar row of rather
fine punctures. Length 5-6 mim.
Throughout the State; frequent. \pril 29--July 28. Occurs
on grasses and sedges in moist mendows.
S. collaris Baly, length 6.5-7 mm., was described from Okla-
homa.
Tribe XII, CASSIDINT.
Small or medium-sized, oval or civeular, usually subdepressed
beetles, having the margins of the thorax and elytra expanded and
flattened, heneath whieh the head and lees ave retractile so as to be
almost wholly concealed in repose, On account of their form they
are often called ‘tortoise’? or ““turtle-heetles,? and are for the amines!
part very prettily colored, sometimes heine bright golden in hue
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1229
during life, but rapidly fading after being kept in the cabinet a
short time.
The larve are oval, flattened, prickly grubs, feeding upon the
surface of leaves, often in company with the adults. They occur
mostly upon the mornine-elory, wild sweet potato and other mem-
hers of the Convolvulus family. and sometimes do much damage to
the foliage of the cultivated plants. From the rear end of the body
they often extrude a Jone forked process which is bent forward over
_.the back and to which they attach pieces of their cast-off skins and
excrement, thus forming a sort of parasol to protect themselves from
birds and other natural enemies. Of the six genera recognized from
the United States, four are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CASSIDINT.
a. Thorax reunded in front, head concealed.
b. Thorax with the extreme margin thickened; form oval, convex;
larger, 9-11 mim. LXXVII. PHyYSsoNotTaA.
bb. Thorax with simple flattened margins; smaller, not over 7 mm.
e Antenime short, not reaching beyond the hase of thorax.
DLXXVITT. Cassipa.
ee. Antenne longer, extending beyond the base of thorax.
LXXIX. Coptocycia.
aa. Thorax less rounded in front, bisinuate at hase; head partially exposed ;
larger, 9-11 mim. LXXX. CHELYMORPHA.
LNXVII. Puysonor, Boh. 1854. (Gr., ‘‘swollen + back.’’)
One large oblong-oval, strongly convex species belongs here.
2976 (700G). PrySONOTA UNIPUNCTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IIT, 1824, 434; ibid, IT, 206.
Oblong-oval, convex. Pale greenish-yellow; thorax
with three black dots, the middle one oblong; apical half
of antennre, meso- and metasterna, and abdominal seg-
ments in part, black. Thorax smooth, the hind angles
rounded. TFElytra fine, sparsely and irregularly punctate.
Length 9-11.5 mm. (Fig. 548.)
Lake and Vigo counties; scarce. June 5—-Au-
gust 14. Occurs on flowers of Crategus, on the
horse-mint (J/onarda) and the rosin weed (Nilph- Hig 54s, x
z ter Knobel.
ium), both larve and adults feeding on the latter.
LXXVIIL Cassipa Linn. 1738. (NL., ‘‘helmet.’’)
The members of this genus are known as ‘‘helmet-heetles,’’ the
word Cassida heing a Latin term for helmet or shield. They are
oval in outline and have the head wholly coneealed, the antenne
1230 FAMILY LUI.—CIIRYSOMELID.F.
short, the body more convex than in the next genus. Five species
probably occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CASSIDA,
a. Elytra with black spots or stripes.
b. Elytra each with three small, obscure biack spots near the middle,
two of these sometimes absent.
e, Dull red; larger, 6-7.5 mm. 2277. NIGRIPES.
ec, Dull yellow; smaller, not over 5.5 mm. 2278. ATRIPES,
vb. Elytra dull yellow, each with sutural line and two stripes black;
thorax reddish-yellow. 2270. BIVITTATA,
ad. Elytra uniform green or greenish-yellow without spots or stripes.
d. Under surface black; elytral punctures confused. THORACICA.
dd. Under surface pale; elytra each with nine rows of very coarse punc-
tures. 2280. PALLIDULA.
2277 (7097). CASSIDA NIGRIPES Oliv., Encyc. Meth., V, 1790, 348.
Broadly ovate. Dull red; elytra each with three ob-
scure black dots near the middle; under surface and legs
black, shining; base of antenn, tibize in part and tarsi
reddish. Thorax twice wider than long, broadly rounded
in front, smooth. Elytra with edges thickened and re-
flexed, base deeply emarginate, the humeral angles promi-
nent; each with nearly regular rows of fine, scarcely im-
i pressed punctures. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 549.)
eee Throughout the State; scarce. April 26—Sep-
tember 28. Occurs on wild morning-glory and sweet potato vines.
2278 (7097a). CassIDA ATRIPES Lec., Col. of Kan., 1859, 28.
Smaller and less broadly oval than nigripes. Color (after death) dull
yellow, the elytra each with a small, round black spot near middle of disk
and usually two oblong ones on sides. Thorax shorter and proportionally
wider than in nigripcs, the hind angles much less rounded than there. Ely-
tra as in nigripes except that the sides on basal half are less abruptly de-
clivous or sloping; intervals finely alutaceous. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Taken in small numbers by Wolcott near Pine and Millers, Lake
County. May 21-May 30. Described from Long’s Peak. Listed as
a variety of nigripcs, but in my opinion distinct,
*2279 (7098S). CASSIDA BIVITTATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sei, V, 1826,
295; ibid. II, 341.
Oval, convex. Thorax yellowish, with
a large triangular brownish-red space at
base; elytra dull yellow, with the suture
aul two stripes on each, connected at apex,
black or dark brown; under surface and
legs piceous. Thorax coarsely, sparsely and
shallowly punetate. Elytra with regular Fig. 550. 2, Larva; 3, pupa; 4, beetle
rows of rather coarse, deep punctures, (After Riley.) | ;
those of the subinarginal row larger and black. Length 4.5 Gum. (Fig. 50.)
TIE LEAF BEETLES. 1231
Throughout the State; common. February S-December 22. Hi-
bernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. Occurs on sweet po-
tatoes and wild members of the Convolvulus family, often doing
much injury to the former. The leaves only of voung plants should
be dipped in a strong solution of arsenate of lead.
C. thoracica Il, length 7 mm., is known from Tlinois.
*2280 (7100). Cassipa PALLIDTLA Boh., Mon. Cass., II, 1858, 457.
Oblong-ovate, sides nearly parallel. Uniform dull green or greenish-
yellow: antenne with last three joints picecus. Thorax twice as wide as
long. the angles all broadly rounded; margin very broad, flat and translu-
cent. Elytra with humeral angles prominent, margins broadly flattened,
punctures very coarse and close-set; intervals narrow. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Vigo and Perry counties: scarce. February 11-December 29.
Riley records it as attacking egg-plant, the horse-nettle and other
species of Solanacen.*
LNXNIX. Coprocycua Chev. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘eut + circle.’’)
The members of this genus are known from those of Cassida by
their longer antenne and more depressed form, with broader and
more flattened margins of thorax and elytra.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COPTOCYCLA.
a. Elytra without black spots or dark markings.
vb. Elytra wholly golden yellow (dull reddish-yellow after death), not
alutaceous. 2281. BICOLOR.
bb. Elytra brownish-red, very finely granulate or alutaceous.
2282. PURPURATA.
aa. Elytra with black spots or marks, sometimes wholly black, except the
margins.
c, Disk of elytra with numervus tubercles or elevations, the margins
pale at middle and apex. 2283. CLAVATA.
ee. Disk of elytra without distinct tubercles. the margins pale from near
humeral angles to apex.
d. Dark discal space of elytra broken by numerous yellow or pale
spots. 2284. SIGNIFERA.
dd. Dark discal space without spots, black, shining. 2259,. PLICAPA,
Pest (7102). CoptocycLa BIcoLor Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 369.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above brilliant brassy or
greenish-golden in life; dull reddi-h-yellow after death; un-
der surface and last four joints of antennze black. Margins
of thorax and elytra broadly expanded. very thin and trans-
lucent. Elytra each with a small, rounded, depressed space
on disk, a large oblung one (often interrupted at middle)
near margin. and with about ten rows of small. feebly im-
pressed punetures. Length 5.9-t) mim. (Fig. 551.)
*Amer. Nat. XVI, 1882, 679.
[TS—23402 ]
1232 PAMILY LIL.—-CURYSOMELID.E,
Throughout the State; frequent. May 21-October 23. Occurs
on morning-glory, bittersweet and sweet potato vines; commonly
known as the ‘‘gold-bug”’ and in life one of the most brilliant of our
beetles. Of it Harris says: ‘‘When living it has the power of
changing its hues, at one time appearing only of a dull yellow color,
and at other times shining with the splendor of polished brass or
gold, tinged sometimes also with the variable tints of pearl. The
wing covers, the parts which exhibit a change of color, are lined be-
neath with an orange colored paint, which seems to be filled with
little vessels; and these are probably the souree of the changeable
brilliancy of the insect.’’
2282 (7105). Coprocycra PuRPURATA Doh., Mon. Cassid., TIT, 1857, 300.
Broadly oval, more convex than bicolor. Above uniform dull red, the
margins less expanded, translucent; under surface black; antenme, tarsi
and front tibite pale. Elytra minutely granulate or alutaceous, each with
au sinall impression on middle of disk; the rows of punctures fine, feebly
impressed. Length 5-5.5 nim.
Martin County; rare, May 16. Ranges from Pennsylvania to
Kansas.
2283 (7107). CoprocyeLa CLAVATA Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 398.
Broadly oval. Base of thorax and disk of elytra brown ;
margins of elytra with pale spot near middle and another
much smaller at apex: under surface pale yellow. Elytra
with numerous conical elevations or tubercles, the largest
on suture in front of middle. Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 552.)
Lake, Wells, Putnam and Posey counties; svaree,
March 20-September 17. Beaten from linden and oak
foliage. A large and easily recognized species,
2284 (7104). Coprocy¢La SIGNIFERA Herbst., Kafer, VIII, 1791, 313.
Broadly oval. Dull yellow; base of thorax usually
with a large black spot, enclosing two pale ones; disk of
elytra black with irregular yellow Spots. margins pale ex-
cept near humeral angles; under surface black, its sides
yellow, except two joints of antennie dusky. Margins of
thorax and elytra as in Dieolor. Elytra finely alutaceous,
the discal depressions and rews of punetures more irregu-
lar than in bicolor, the punctures coarser. Length 3.5- Pe:
8mm. (Fig. 553.) Fig. 553.
(After Riley.)
Throughout the State; common. February 14—
September 25. Occurs on foliage of thorn, bue ‘keve and especially
cn that of members of the C! onvolvilus family. HHibernates beneath
mullein leaves and rubbish. Listed as C. qultata,
THE LEAF BEETLES. 1233
2285 (——). Coprocycra pLicaTa Bon., Monog. Cassid., III, 1857, 493.
Form of bicolor. Above black, shining, the margins of thorax and ely-
tra, except humeral angles of latter, pale yellow. Under surface pale, the
center of abdomen darker. Elytra each with a round, deep fovea on mid-
dle; punctures coarse and shallow. Tarsal claws pectinate at base. Length
G-T mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 12—June 10. Swept from
roadside herbage.
LXNNX. CueLyMorpHA Chey. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘tortoise = shape.’’)
This genus contains large vonvex specics, with the margins of
thorax and clytra comparatively narrow, the former bisinuate at
base and emarginate in front so as to leave the head partly visible.
The prosternum is grooved and prolonged behind the front coxe,
the apex fitting into a notch in the mesosternum. One of the two
recognized species cecurs in the State.
2286 (7109). CHELYMORPHA aRGUs Herbst., Col., VIII, 1801, 27S.
Oblong-oval, convex. Bright brick red; thorax with
four black dots arranged in a transverse row. and often
two others behind them; elytra each with six black dots
and a common sutural one near the scutellum; under sur-
face, legs and outer antennal joints black. Thorax and
elytra alutaceous, the former finely and sparsely, the lat-
ter more coarsely and rather densely punctate. the punc-
tures not in rows. Length 9.5-11.5 mm. (Fig. 554.)
Throughout the State: frequent. April 7—-An-
é . Fig. 554. * 2.
gust 11. Occurs on milkweed and on wild potato — Giter Forbes)
(Ipomea pandurata L.). It is well fitting that this
large and difficult family should close with this prettily marked
species, which is among the largest and most striking of our native
Chrysomelids.
Family LIV. BRUCHID.t#.
Tue Pr, 1ANp Bean WEEVILS.
A small family of short, thiek-bodied heetle,. all but one being
less than one-fourth of an inch in length. They are closely allied ta
the Chrysomelidx. but differ from most species of that family in
having short serrate antenne and the tip of the abdomen exposed,
and from all in having the mentum distinetly peduneculate. They
also resemble very clusely the Anthribidi. a family of the Rhyncho-
phora or snout heetles. but the labrtun and palpi are of the ordinary
form and the head is but little prolonged in front.
1234 FAMILY LIV.—BRUCIID©.
In addition to the characters mentioned the Bruchidw have the
mentum transverse, more or less emarginate in front, its base sup-
ported by a peduncle; maxillary palpi four-jointed, the terminal
joint slightly oval; head free, usually deflexed; eves large, more or
less emarginate in front; antenne 11-jointed, dentate or pectinate,
inserted at the side of the head in front of the eyes; thorax mar-
gined at the sides; elytra entire or truncate, pygidium always ex-
posed; front coxe oval, moderately prominent, the cavities closed
behind; hind coxx transverse, narrowly separated; abdomen with
five free ventral segments; frent and middle legs of moderate
length, their femora not dilated; hind femora usually dilated and
often toothed; tarsi with the first jot elongate and with the two
following densely clothed beneath with spongy pubescence, the
third jomt deeply bilobed; tarsal claws usually broadly toothed at
base.
The larve of these weevils live in the seeds of leguminous plants,
especially those of peas and beans, to which at times they cause
great injury. The eggs of the pea-weevil are laid upon the pod
while the peas are quite small, and when hatched the young bore
through the pod into the voung peas and spend most of their lives
within the latter. Every person who eats peas in quantity has
doubtless swallowed hundreds of these small worms, but ‘‘where
ignorance is bliss tis folly to he wise.’? The larva, before trans-
forming, eats a circular hole on one side of the pea, leaving only a
thin scale, which is easily pushed away by the mature beetle. The
latter usually remains in the pea until spring and is often planted.
The seed peas should be placed in water and those which float
picked out and destroyed; or the peas should he placed in a close
receptacle and exposed for a few hours to a small quantity of car-
bon-bisulphide.
The principal paper treating of the North American species of
the family is by
Horn.—‘‘Revision of the Bruchida: of the United States,’’? in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., IV, 1873, 311-342.
In this paper 55 species are recognized and distributed among
three genera; while one genus and about half a dozen species have
since been described.
REY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRUCIILD.E.
a. Hind tibie with two slender jointed spurs; front coxre entirely sep-
avated by the prosternum ; size larger, 7-8 min. T. SPERMOPHAGUS.
aa. Hind tibie without jointed spurs; front cox very prominent. con-
tiguous ; smaller, not over 5 mm. Il, Brecucs
THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVILS. 1235
J. Sprrmopwacus Schon. 1833. (Gr., ‘‘seed + eating.’’)
This genus is represented east of the Rocky Mountains by a sin-
gle medium-sized oval species having the hind tibie compressed,
cylindrical and armed with two unequal jointed spurs, the inner
one short and placed at right angles to the tibia.
2287 (7111). SpeRMOPHAGUS ROBINLE Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 397.
Oblong-oval, feebly convex. Dull reddish-brown, clothed with grayish-
yellow pubescence; thorax clouded with piceous; elytra with small black
spots arranged in five irregular transverse rows. Thorax nearly semicircu-
lar, truncate in front, base at middle truncate, bisinuate each side; surface
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, with dense fine punctures in the in-
tervals. Elytra broadest at middle, their tips broadly rounded; surface
striate, the strize punctate; intervals feebly convex, densely punctate. Length
7-7.5 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun-
ties. March 11-November 7. Probably hibernates. The larve live
in the seeds of the black locust and the honey locust or thorn, and
the adults usually occur on the foliage or beneath the bark of these
trees.
II. Brucuus Linn. 1767. (Gr., ‘‘a locust without wings.’’)
A large genus of small, robust oval species,
quite variable in color and separated by Dr.
Horn mainly by the armature of the hind fe-
mora. The beetles must therefore be mounted
so that the femora can be readily examined. Of
this character he savs: ‘‘The tooth of the hind
femur is situated near the outer end at about
one-fourth from the knee, on the lower edge and
(except as noted in key) on the inner side. Be- Fig. 555. Bruchus chinensis
tween the tooth and the knee is an emargination }™:, 331g ecu us
of greater or less depth in which the denticles are Div. Bat)
situated.’’ The following species have been taken or should occur
in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OR GROUPS OF SPECIES OF BRUCHUS.
a. Thorax with tooth at middle of sides; hind femur with tooth on outer
side only. 2288. PISORUM.
aa. Thorax not toothed on the sides.
b. Disk of thorax elevated, with a median groove; hind femur with a
strong tooth and three denticles. 2289. MIMUs.
bb. Disk of thorax simply convex, not elevated.
ec. Hind femur without tooth or denticles; elytra black with a large
red space on each near the sides. DISCOIDEUS.
T2236 FAMILY LIV. —BRUCHIDAS,
cc. Hind femur with either one or two teeth or denticles, or both.
d. Wind femur without denticles; one or two teeth always present.
Group .1.
dd. Ilind femur with denticles and usually a single tooth present.
Group B.
9988 (7115). BRUCHUS PISORUM Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1765, 604.
Oblong-oval, subde-
pressed. Black, feebly shin-
ing; above, densely clothed
with reddish-brown and
whitish hairs; thorax with
a triangular whitish space
in front of scutellum; ely-
tra with yellowish, grayish
and whitish hairs, the lat-
ter forming an oblique band
behind the middle; pygid-
jum covered with gray
hairs except two oval black
spots near apex; antenne
black, the three basal joints
rufous; legs black, front
Fig 556. : A, young larva; B, prothoracie spinous process; C, larva ||, z
greatly magnified; D, pea-pod, with tracks of entry; E, portion of pod, tibize and tarsi rufous; un-
with egg, and the track made by larva; F, mature beetle (After
Riley.) der surface black, shining,
densely punctate, sparsely
clothed with fine grayish hairs. ‘Thorax broader than long, coarsely and
densely punctate. Elytra slightly longer than broad, striate, the striz finely
punctate. Length 45-5 mm. (Fig. 556.)
This is the ‘‘pea weevil’? and oceurs in abundance throughout
the State wherever peas are cultivated. Its habits are given above
under the family heading.
2989 (7116). Breewts mimus Say, Des. of N. Amer. Curculionids, 1831,
&-« thid: J, 260:
Robust, subquadrate. PBrownish, variegated with gray, black and white
pubescence; sides of median ridge of thorax black or dark brown at sum-
mit, divided by a small white spot; elytra with a common heart-shaped
blackish spot behind the scutellum and with numerous small, black, oblong
spots tipped with white at their basal ends; antenme and legs pale reddish-
DUO M. the hind ones banded with piceous; pygidium clothed with whitish
hairs, male, or with 2 large, smooth, oval, brown space, female. Thorax
belisiied, disk with two median ridges separated by a narrow groove and
with a PORCEE each side near base. Elytra nearly as broad as long, strive
punctured; intervals flat, deusely punetulate. Length 38 mim.
r si ( |. a S ‘
Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-October 15, Occurs
on flowers, especially those of red and black haws; ox-eve daisy
© ui at ' Y
and Kupaloriin, Tt, as well as other members of the family, feign
death and tumble te earth when disturbed.
THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVITS. 1237
B. discoidcus Say, Jength 3-4.5 mm., is recorded from Ohio,
Kansas and Colorado.
Group .A.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A,
a. Wind femur with a tooth on both inner and outer margins; that on
inner side larger.
b. Median basal thoracic lobe with elevated ivory-like space. (Tig.
555.) CHINENSIS.
bb. Median basal lobe with whitish hairs only. (Fig. 5457.)
QUADRIMACULATUS.
aa. Tlind femur with one tooth only on inner margin.
ce, Elytra black with red spots on the spaces.
d. Suture depressed; elytra each with a red spot on middle which
touches the side margins. 2290. BIVULNERATUS.
dd. Disk of elytra flat, the suture not depressed; elytra more black
than rufous, the red spot near outer apical margin.
CRUENTATUS.
ce, Elytra wholly black, hind femora and tibie bicolored. NISRINUS.
B. chinensis Linn., antenne of male strongly \
pectinate, length 3-4 mm., is known as the ‘‘cow-
pea weevil,’’ as it lives in seeds of cow-peas, beans,
ete. B. quadrimaculatus Fab., longer, less robust,
with broader thorax, black with gray and white 4
pubescence, length 3-4.5 mm., is known as the
‘*four-spotted bean weevil,’’ and also lives mainly
in cow-peas. Both are widely distributed, have
been introduced in seeds and are likely to occur ee ‘Paiute
7 ; > rimaculatus Fab. Fon ale
any place in Indiana. (After Chittenden.)
2290 (7128). BRrUCHUS BIVULNERATUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe, IV,
1873, 325.
Oval, robust. Black. feebly shining; elytra each witb a large red spot
at middle which reaches the margin but not the suture. Head elongate-
oval, densely punctured. Antenne as long as head and thorax, the three
basal joints reddish. Thorax shining, one-half broader at base than long.
sides feebly curved and gradually narrowed to apex, base lobed at middle,
surface densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as broad as long,
deeply striate; intervals flat, densely and rugosely punctate. Length 3-
3.5 mom.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 15—-October 14.
Occurs on flowers of milkweed and white snakeroot (Hupatorium),
The larve are said to breed in the seeds of wild senna (Cassia mart-
landica Ti.).
1238 FAMILY LIV.—BRUCHID-E,
B. cruentatus Horn, length 3 mm., was described from Georgia,
Tllinois and Texas; B. nigrinus Horn, length 3-3.5 mm., is known
from the ‘‘Middle States.’’
Group B.
KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.
uv. Hind femur with a tooth in addition to denticles.
bv. Hind femur with one tooth and two denticles.
c. Elytra dull reddish-yellow ; body beneath black, abdomen reddish.
2291. PECTORALIS.
cc, Elytra entirely black or dark jiceous.
d. Legs all black.
ce. Scutellum round, densely clothed with white pubescence.
2202. ALBOSCUTELLATUS.,
ee, Seutellum more or less elongate.
f. Pubescence of elytra variable in color, grayish; interrupted
on intervals, which are coarsely punctured.
2293. DISTINGUENDUS, male.
ff. Pubescence uniform in disposition and color, that of elytra
very sparse. 2294. CALYUS.
dd. Legs bicolored, front and middle ones reddish, hind femora black
in part.
g. Abdomen reddish or brownish-yellow. 2295. OBTECTUS.
gg. Abdomen and entire under surface black.
h. Pubescence of elytra interrupted on the intervals by darker
spots; spur of hind tibize of normal length.
i. Thorax roughly punctured; elytral intervals with coarse
punctures. 2293. DISTINGUENDUS, female.
ii. Thorax not roughly punctured; elytral intervals finely
punctulate. 2296. HIBISCI.
hh. Pubescence sparse, forming an X-like design ; terminal spur
of hind tibise nearly balf the length of the tibia itself.
2297. LONGISTILUS.
bb. Hind femur with one tooth and three denticles.
j. Oval, robust ; black, clothed with grayish hairs. 2298. srcsecLus.
Jj. Oblong-oval; black, the elytra in great part rufous.
2299. ExIGuUUs.
aa. Hind femur with a few small denticles only.
hk, Antenne not as long as head and thorax. 2300. SEMINULUM.
kk. Antenne longer than the entire body. 2301. MACROCERUS.
2201 (7141). Breenus prcror«Lis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Ty, i372.
338.
Oblong-oval, rather robust. Klytra and abdomen dull red, the former
sparsely clothed with silken yellowish pubescence; head, thorax. meso- and
metasterna black; antenne black, three basal joints rufous: legs pale
rufous, bases of hind femora and tibixe piceous. Thorax seareely as wide
THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVILS. 1239
at base as long. sides nearly straight; surface densely and rugosely punc-
tured. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, stric finely punctured; inter-
vals flat, each with a row of coarse punctures on the middle. Length 3 mm.
Posey County: rare. June 6. Described from Texas.
2292 (7144). BrtcHUs ALBOSCUTELLATUS Harn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. IV,
1873. 354.
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Black, sparsely pubescent with gray-
ish hairs, those on intervals of elytra interrupted, forming short, quadrate
white spots: under surface black, more shining than above, very sparsely
pubescent. Antenne longer than head and thorax, black, the four basal
jeints paler. Thorax broader than long, sides feebly curved, the apex but
little narrower than base; surface coarsely but not densely punctured. Ely-
tra slightly longer than wide. at base not wider than thorax, strize indis-
tinctly punctured; intervals flat, minutely punctulate. Pygidium broadly
oval, very convex, coarsely and sparsely punctured and finely rugulose.
Length 2.5 mm.
A southern form taken only near Lincoln City, Spencer County.
May 24. Swept from roadside herbage. Breeds in the capsules of
the water purslane (Ludwigia pulustris Ell.). Easily known by the
round white scutelium. The elytra are mottled much as in the com-
mon hibisci. From the latter it is easily separated by the black legs
and antenn®, as well as hy the form of the seutellum.
2293 (7146). BRrtcHUs DISTINGUENDUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV.
18738, 336.
Broadly oval, robust. Black, rather sparsely clothed with grayish pu-
bescence, that on the elytra interrupted on the intervals with indistinct
darker spaces: legs all black, male; front and middle pair reddish-brown.
female. Antennze somewhat longer than head and thorax, subserrate. Tho-
rax bell-shaped, slightly broader at base than long, base feebly lobed; sur-
face coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra together as broad as long,
sides broadly curved, at base becoming rapidly broader than thorax; sur-
face striate: intervals flat, each with a row of coarse punctures. Length
2.5-2.8 mm. :
Lake, Martin, Knox and Clark counties; rare. June 30-August
S. Four specimens were taken from the ripening pods of the cat-
gut or goat’s-rue, Cracea virginiana L. A southern form described
from Georgia.
2994 (7147). Brucuts caLyts Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. TV, 1873. 356.
Oblong-oval. Uniform black, very sparsely pubescent with grayish
hairs. Antenne as long as head and thorax, subserrate. Thorax slightly
broader at base than long, sides moderately curved and gradually narrowed
to apex: surface finely and rugosely punctate. Elytra together less wide
than long; surface shining. finely striate, the strive indistinctly punctured ;
intervals flat, finely punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; Knox County only in the
1240 FAMILY LIV.—BRUCHID.%.
south, April 20-Octoher 25. Ocewrs in numbers along the borders
of marshes, especially on the flowers of the black choke-berry
CAronia nigra Willd.).
2995 (7150). BRUCHUS onTECTUS Say, Des. N. Am. Cure., 1831, 1; ibid. I,
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Black
or dark piceous, clothed with dark grayish-
yellow pubescence, that of elytra interrupted
by transverse bands of darker color; abdo-
men dull reddish-brown; antenne black, the
four basal and apical joints rufous; legs red-
dish-brown, under side of hind femora pic-
esus. Thorax one-third wider at base than
long, sides curyed and gradually narrowed to
{ip, base lobed at middle: surface coarsely
and sparsely punctured. Scutellum subquadrate, emarginate at apex. Ely-
tra together not longer than wide, at base not wider than thorax, striv
punctured; intervals flat, densely punetulate. Pygidium rufous, broadly
oval, coarsely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Length 2.5-3.5 mm, (Fig.
Hs. )
This is the well-known ‘bean weevil,’? and probably occurs in
numbers throughout the State. though taken only in Lake and
Marion counties, where it is commen in beans in the seed stores.
March 9-July 14.
2e0G (7151). Bruewts iwipiser Oliv., Ent., PV, 1795. 79.
Broadly oval, robust. Black. moderately shining; sparsely pubescent
with grayish-yelow hairs which on the elytra are frequently and ivregu-
larly interrupted by transverse bare spaces; antenne pale reddish-brown.
joints 4-9 often slightly darker; front and middle legs rufous; hind femora
black, red at tip. Thorax twice broader at base than Jong, rapidly narrow-
ing to apex; surface sparsely punctured. Scutelluin whitish, bifid at tip,
median line distinct. Elytra together as broad as long, disk convex, finely
striate, the strive punctured; intervals flat, marked with fine and coarse
punctures intermingled. TPygidium black, broadly oval, sparsely punctured.
Length 2-2.5 mm.
Fig. 558 <7. (After Forbes.)
Southern two-thirds of State; common. April 13—November 1.
Breeds in the seeds of the rose-nallow (27ibiseus), the beetles emerg-
ing from seeds kept in vials from October 15 to November Ist. Oc-
eurs in spring and sununer on flowers of red-bud, dogwood, red haw,
ete. This is ow only species having the denticles of the hind femur
on the verfieal faee of the tooth itself,
22 TTA: SRUCTIUS LONGISTILUS Torn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, LY,
INTR, 5,
Oblong-oval. Black, shining, sparsely pubesceut with whitish hairs.
which on the elytra are arranged in an N-like design; tibim pale reddish-
THE PEA AND BEAN WISEVILS. 1241
brown ; femora piceous at base, tarsi piceous ; antenne black, slightly longer
than head and thorax, gradually thicker to tip. Thorax wider at base than
long, sides rather strongly curved and gradually narrowing to apex; sur-
face densely punctured. Elytra longer than wide, broader behind the mid-
dle, strie finely punctured ; intervals flat, densely punctulate. Length 2 mm.
Lake and Crawford counties; rare. May 25-May 28. Said to
breed in the seeds of mallows.
2298 (7155). BrucHts mUscULts Say, Desc. N. Am. Cure., 1831, 3; ibid.
I, 261.
Oval, moderately robust. Black. sparsely clothed with grayish hair;
antenn usually entirely reddish, often with joints 6-10 piceous; legs red-
dish-yellow, middle femora at base and hind femora and tibie piceous.
Head coarsely punctured; eyes very deeply divided. Antenne longer than
head and thorax, gradually thicker to tip. Thorax one-third wider at base
than long. rapidly narrowing from base to apex, coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Elytra subquadrate, disk flattened, with rather deep punctured
striz; intervals flat, densely and finely punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marshall, Knox, Lawrence, Posey and Crawford counties; rare.
June 2-September 4.
2299 (7157). BrtecHts Exictts Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. IV, 1873.
341.
Oblong-oval. Black, sparsely clothed with short. fine grayish-yellow
pubescence; elytra in great part dull reddish, their sides and suture nar-
rowly piceous; antennze black, four basal joints paler; legs pale reddish-
brown. Thorax one-third -wider at base than long; surface coarsely and
densely punctured. Elytra gradually broader to apex. finely striate, the
strie indistinctly punctured; intervals flat, densely punctulate. Py¢idium
reddish, rather convex, coarsely punctured and pubescent. Length 2 mm.
Vigo, Pcsev and Jennings counties; scaree. April 27—July 11.
Occurs on flowers of the yellow puccoon and wild parsnip and said
to breed in the see-ls of the false indigo \.lmorpha fruticosa L.).
2300 (7158S). BrecHts sEmMINtLUM Horn, Trans. Aimer. Ent. Soc., TY, 1875.
342.
Narrowly oblong-oval. Black, sparsely clothed with pale gray pubes-
cence. Antenne not longer than head and thorax, the latter wider at base
than long, sides very feebly curved and gradually narrowing to apex, sur-
face coarsely punctured. Scutellum small. oval. Elytra gradually wider
from base to apex, finely striate; intervals flat. densely punctulate. each
with a row of distant coarse punctures. Length 1.5 mm.
Vigo County: rare. June 15. Taken from flowers of dogwood.
Our smallest and most slender species.
2301 (7159). Brucuts MacroceRUs Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. TV. 1873.
342.
Oblong-oval, rather robust. Uniform black, moderately shining, very
sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence. Antenne one-fourth longer than
pets aes SERIES VI.—-HETEROMER..
entire body, subserrate. Thorax a little wider at base than long, sides fee-
bly curved, surface densely punctured. Elytra slightly wider at base than
thorax, together nearly as wide as long; stric indistinctly punctured, inter-
vals flat, finely and rugosely punctured. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Floyd County; rare. June 23. Readily known by the great
length of antenne.
Series VI. HETEROMERA.
This series is sharply limited and is distinguished primarily, as
the name implies, by the different number of tarsal joints, those of
the front and middle legs always having five, while the hind legs
have but four.* The food of the larvx is exceedingly variable, but
consists for the most part of decaying vegetable matter, as rotten
wood and fungi. Some, however, are carnivorous or parasitic. The
following families of the series arc represented in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF HETEROMERA.
a. Front coxal cavities closed behind.
b. Tarsal claws simple.
ec. Next to last joint of tarsi not spongy beneath; front coxx short,
not projecting from the cavities; tarsi without lobes beneath;
antenne usually more or less bead-like, as long as head and tho-
rax; color almost always black or dark brown.
Fanily LY. Trenesrionip.n, p. 1243.
ec, Next to last joint of tarsi spongy beneath; front cox more promi-
nent; form elongate, slender; thorax in our species subcylin-
drical, narrower than elytra; length 7-14 mm.
Pamily LVIL Lacrima, p. 12st.
bb. Tarsal claws pectinate or comb-like; form usually elongate-oval, con-
vex; thorax not narrowed behind and usually as wide at base as
elytra, its side margins distinct; color usually brownish; length
less than 12 mm. Family LVI. Crsrenipas, p. 1270.
aa. Front coxal cavities open behind.
d. Head not strongly and suddenly constricted behind the eyes.
e. Middle coxie not very prominent.
f. Thorax margined at sides, brond at base, its disk with basal im-
pressions; form usually elongate, loosely jointed; maxillary
pulpi usually long and pendulous, with the joints enlarged.
Pamily LVL Mevanpeyip., p. Tsu.
ff. Thorax uot margined, narrower behind, disk not impressed at
base; form usually long and narrow; head sometimes pro-
longed inte aw beak. amily LIX. Pyrat. p. 1202.
*It would seem that the family Sphindide should be placed here, though usually classed with the Serricornia,
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1245
al
ee. Middle coxze very prominent; thorax narrower at base than elytra.
its sides rounded and without a sharp edge; next to last tarsal
joint broad. slightly bilobed; body covering rather fiimsy in tex-
qa, Family LX. CepEMERID®, p. 1304.
dd, Head strongly and suddenly constricted behind the eyes.
g. Thorax with a sharp edge at sides, its base as wide as elytra.
h. Antenne filiform.
i. Hind coxre with plates; head with vertex lobed or ridged be-
hind, sv that in extension it reposes on the front edge of the
thorax; abdomen usually prolonged in a style or pointed
Tr Gees, Family LXI. MorpELpipa, p. 150s.
ii. Hind coxze without plates; characters otherwise as in Melan-
dryidz ; length less than 5.5 mm.
Tribe (LVIII). Scraptiini, p. 1290.
hh. Antenne flabellate (male), subserrate (female); characters
otherwise as in Rhipiphoridse.
Genus (LXV). Pelecotonit, yp. 1365,
gg. Sides of therax more or less rounded and without a sharp edge.
j. Thorax at base narrower than elytra.
k. Hind cox not prominent; tarsal claws simple; antenne fili-
form and simple; head with an abrupt narrow neck; length
less than 12 mm., usually Jess than 5 mm.
Family LXII. ANTHIcipa&, p. 1326.
kk. Hind cox large, prominent.
71. Tarsal claws simple; bead horizontal; antennie usually
branched in male, serrate in female; next to last tarsal
joints very broad.
Family LXIII. Pyrocuromws, p. 1346.
i. Taysal claws cleft or toothed; front vertical; elytra and
sides of abdomen without coadaptation; length 6 or
ne re nn Family LXNIV. Menor, p. 1350.
jj. Thorax at base as wide as elytra; form as in Mordellide, the
abdomen not ending in a spinous process: elytra usually shorter
than abdomen and narrowed behind; antenne pectinate in the
males, frequently serrate in the females.
Family ENV. RuriPrreiroripa, p. 14.
Family LV. TENEBRIONIDUE.
Tre DarkuIna BEETLES.
AA large family whose species vary greatly in size and form of
body. In color they are mostly black or dark brown, whence the
name of the typical genus, Tenebrio, which is derived from a Latin
word meaning ‘‘darkness.’’ The larger forms have a peculiar loose-
jointed appearance and long, rather clumsy and awkward legs. The
Tet PAMILY LV, TEN EBRIONID.U,
antenne are usually bead-like or moniliform, and the mouth parts
rather small and not prominent. Our species occur for the most
part on fungi or beneath bark, but in the desert regions of the West,
where the family is richly represented, they take the place of the
Carabide and are found on the ground, beneath cover of any kind.
In addition to the general characters given above, the Tenebrion-
idw have the head narrower than thorax; mandibles short, robust
and furnished with a hasal tooth; eves usually transverse, with their
front emarginate ; antenne inserted under the sides of the head, 11-
(very rarely 10-) jointed; front cox short, globose, separated by
the prosternum, their cavities entirely closed behind; elytra rounded
at tip, covering the abdomen, the latter with five ventral segments,
the first three more closely connected than the others; first joint of
hind tarsi almost always longer than second; tarsal claws simple.
The larvw are long and slender, with the body often flattened.
somewhat hke a wireworm, and of a hard, horn-like texture. Six
thoracic legs are present, and in addition, a short prop or pseudopod
on the under side of the anal end. They are for the most part
scavengers, living in dead or decaying wood and dry vegetable prod-
ucts or fungi. Some of them, as the ‘‘1eal-worm,’’ are injurious.
though none attack growing crops. About 10,000 species of Tene-
brionidee are known, 750 of which are listed from the United States.
iAs already mentioned. the vast majority of these occur only in the
Western and Southwestern States, where they often form the most
striking feature of the Coleopterous fauna. In Indiana but one of
the three subfamilies into which the family is divided is represented,
and this only by 52 known species. The principal paper and the
only one treating of the North American species of the family as a
whole is by
Horn.—* Revision of the Tenebrionide of Ameriea,’’? in Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc., XIV, 1870, 253--404,
number of genera have since been treated separately by Horn,
Casey and others and the papers will be mentioned under their re-
spective tribal or generic headings.
Subfamily I. TENEBRIONINAE.
In this subfamily, to which all the Indiana representatives of the
family belong, the hind margin of the third and fourth v entral seg-
ments is leather-like or coriaceous in teature; the middle cox are
usually provided with a distinct trochantin and their vavities ex-
tend outward to reach the epimera. The inner Wings are more often
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1245
present than absent and the tarsi are pubescent beneath. Nine of
the 17 tribes recognized by LeConte and Horn are known to be
represented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF TENEBRIONIN AE.
a. Front of head entirely corneous or horn-like in texture, never hinged
with a leather-like clypeus.
b. Tarsi not compressed, their first joint moderate or elongate, never
very short; cheeks not suleate.
c. Eyes less prominent than the sides of front, more or less trans-
verse, always emarginate in front.
d. Next to last joint of tarsi entire.
e. Front coxe rounded; middle coxie with trochantin; antenne
with third joint usually longer than those following.
f. Vrent feebly dilated at the sides; tarsi with silken pubes-
cence beneath ; form elongate, rather slender; size large,
usually 12 or more mm.
Tribe IT. TENEBRIONINI, p. 1245
ff. Front broadly dilated at sides, emarginate in front; front
tarsi of male dilated; form short, oval; smaller 6-10 mmm.
Tribe II. PerpINInI, p. 1251.
ec. Front coxre subtransverse; middle cox: without trochantin ;
third joint of antennze short; tarsi pubescent, the last joint
long: form oval or clongate; length less than 12 min.
Trike Ti. Wrowisc. pi. Ts.
dd, Next to last joint of tarsi bilobed; surface coarsely punctured ;
lereth less than 6 mim. Tribe IV. TIeTEROTARSINI, JR T258,
ec, Eyes invre prominent than the sides of front, usually rounded, fee-
bly or not emargipate: form usually oval oro rounded, convex;
length lexs than 7 mun. Tribe VV. Diaperini, p. 1260.
tb. Tarsi compressed, their tirst joint short; cheeks sulcate: surface very
rough. Tribe VI. BoLeToPHAGINI. p. 1266.
aa, Front with a coriaceous or leather-like margin. or a coriaceous band
between it and the labrum; third joint of antennz long.
y. Sides of front not obliquely elevated: abdomen not pedunculate ;
outer joints of antennw broader; head not defiexed.
Tribe VI, TIRLGPIAT, pi. 12h.
yg. Sides of frout obliquely elevated.
h. Inner wings wanting; metasternum very short; body robust, con-
vex. Tribe VIII. MEerAcCANTHINI, p. 126.
hh. Inner wings present; metasternum long; body slender.
Tribe TS, STROSCHTUISI. fi. IT
Tribe I. ‘TTENEBRIONINI.
Rather elongate, uniform black or piceous species of medium or
large size, having the hend prolonyed, but scarcely narrowed behind,
1246 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONID.
not received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse
and emarginate; front feebly dilated on the sides, covering the base
of mandibles; antenne gradually thickened toward tips; elytra em-
bracing feebly the flanks of the abdomen; legs long; tibial spurs
small. Seven of the 18 recognized genera are known to be repre-
sented in the State, while members of another perhaps oecur. They
live, for the most part, beneath the bark of dead trees.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TENEBRIONINI.
a. Tarsi densely clothed beneath with fine, short, silken pubescence.
b. Antenne distinctly shorter than head and thorax, their outer joints
transverse, the last joint subquadrate, rounded at tip.
c. Epipleuree entire, narrower at apex; length 15 or more mm.
d. Sides of mentum with small inflexed lobes; thorax not narrowed
at base. I. NyYcToBATES.
dd. Sides of mentum without lobes; thorax narrowing behind and
erenulate on the sides. IPHTHIMUS.
ce. Epipleurse not reaching the tips of elytra.
e. Femora strongly club-shaped, black, shining; larger, 18-26 mm.
Il. Mertnus.
ec. Femora slender, in our species reddish-brown ; smaller, not over
11 mm. III. HAPLANDRUS.
bb. Antenne more slender, as long as or longer than head and thorax,
the outer joints triangular, the last one oval, more or less acute.
f. Front margin of front of head thickened and slightly reflexed.
IV. ScoToBaTEs.
ff. Front margin of front not thickened or reflexed. V. NyYLOPINUS.
aa. Tarsi rather sparsely clothed beneath with coarse pubescence.
g. Epipleurse entire; form more or less convex; length 10 or more mm.
VI. TENEBRIO.
gg. Epipleure abbreviated; head transverse ; form much flattened; length
5-6 mm. VII. Dorrema.
I. Nycropares Guerin. 1834. (Gr., ‘‘night + walker.’’)
Large black or piceous clongate forms, separated from allied
genera only by the characters given in the generic key. Two of the
three known species occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NYCTOBATES,
a. Under side of mentum smooth: elytral rows of punctures fine.
; PRO2. PENNSYLVANICA,
aa. Under side of mentum with a tuft of rather long yellowish hairs; ely-
tral punctures much coarser. 2303. BARBATA
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1247
*U302 (7391). NyCYroBATES PENNSYLVANICA DeGeer, Mem., V. 1770. 52.
Hlongate-oval. convex. Black, feebly shining. Mentum coarsely punc-
tate. Thorax subquadrate, slightly narrowed in front, hind angles rectangu-
lar; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra faintly alutaceous, marked
with rows of fine punctures: intervals feebly convex, minutely and sparsely
punctulate. Length 20-23 mm.
Throughout the State; common in the southern counties, less so
northward. Gregarious in winter beneath bark and logs. February
14-December 11.
2303 (7891a). NycropaTes BARBATA Knoch, N. Beitrag., 1801, 166.
Resembles pennsyleuuvica but usually smaller and piceous rather than
black in hue. Thorax a little broader than long. less narrowed in front.
the sides more strongly rounded. Surface more distinctly alutaceous, the
punctures of both thorax and elytra coarser. Length 17-20 mm.
Lawrence, Spencer and Posey counties; rare. April 15—July 27,
A southern form which probably occars only in the southern third
of State. Listed as a variety of penusylvanica but, in my opinion,
distinet.
Iphthimus opacus Lee., black, opaque, head and thorax coar-ely
and confiuently punctured, elytra with deep, interrupted stri-e,
length 15-20 inm., is known from New England and Canada and
may occur in northern Indiana.
II. Mertnvs Lee. 1862. (Gr.. ‘thigh + vurve.’’)
Here belongs the largest memler of the family found in the
State, an elongate black form having the epipleurw extending be-
yond the last ventral suture. but not reaching the tips of elytra;
mentum with the middle lobe prominent along the middle, the side
lobes with acute front angles; hind cox rather widely separated,
the intercoxal process oval, rounded in front.
2304 (7400). MERINUS LEVIS Oliv., Ent., III, 1795, 10.
Elongate-oval. Black. feebly shining. Thorax about as long as wide.
slightly narrowed in front, sides strongly curved. hind angles obtuse, sur-
face very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with rows of very minute
punctures; intervals faintly convex, smooth. Males with the hind tibire
much curved and with an acute tooth near the tip. Length 18-26 mm.
Throughout the State: scarce. March 23—July 9. Oceurs be-
neath bark. Very apt to be confused with V. penusylvanica, but
readily distinguished hy the club-shaped hind femora and the pe-
euliar hind tibie of male.
[7923402]
1248 FAMILY LV,—TENEBRIONID&.
III. Hapnuanprus Lec. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘plain+man.’’)
Medium-sized black or piceous species having the mentum trape-
zoidal, truncate in front, narrower behind and inserted upon a nar-
row pedunele; epipleure as in J/crinus; femora slender, tarsi short;
head rather strongly deflexed. One of the three known species
occurs in the State.
*2305 (7402). HaAPLANDRUS FEMORATUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I. 1801, 154.
Oblong-oval. Piceous. opaque; femora reddish-brown. Third joint of
antennee longer than fourth, twice as jong as second. Thorax nearly square,
sides almost parallel, angles rectangular; surface, is well as that of head,
densely and confluently punctate. Elytra each with one scutellar and eight
entire rows of elongate, deeply impressed punctures. Length 7.5-11 mm.
Throughout the State, but searce. Oceurs beneath bark and logs,
especially in sandy localities. Hibernates. January 13-December
7. H. concolor Lee., having the third joint of antenne short, legs
wholly black, length 8.5-9 mm., occurs in ‘‘Canada and the Lake
Michigan region,’’ and may yet be found in the northern counties.
IV. Scoroparrs Horn. 1875. (Gr., ‘‘dark or obscure + walk.’’)
Rather large black species having longer antenne than any of
those preceding, and the front margin of the head thickened and
slightly reflexed. The males have an elongate patch of yellow hairs
on the under side of the front femora near the base, and the front
tibie armed with a short blunt tooth near the middle. One of the
two known species occurs in the State.
2306 (7411). ScorToBaTes CALCARATUS Fab.. Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 159.
Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining with a bluish metallic lustre.
Thorax slightly broader than long. sides feebly curved ; front angles obtuse.
hind ones rectangular; surface finely, rather sparsely and irregularly pune-
tured. Elytra with punctured strive ; intervals feebly convex, minutely pune-
tulate. Length 14-17 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 31-August 12. Oceurs
beneath stones, logs, bark, ete.
V. Xytopinus Lee. 1862. (Gr, “wood + be hunery.’’)
Elongate, slender black or piceous forms, having the front mar-
gin of head truncate or feebly emarginate, not thickened. Males
with the front and middle tarsi more distinctly dilated than in
Scotobates, the front femora smooth beneath. Three species are
known from the United States, two of which have been taken in
the State, while the other may occur,
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1249
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLOPINUS.
a. Body black, not metallic.
b. Legs black. 2307. SAPERDIOIDES.
bb. Legs reddish-brown. RUFIPES.
aa. Body brown with a brassy tinge. 2308. ENESCENS.
2307 (1413). NyYLOPINUS SAPERDIOIDES Oliv., Ent., III, 1795, 11.
. Elongate, subparallel, convex. Black, feebly shining; antenne and
tarsi piceous. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed in front, sides fee-
bly curved; front angles rounded, hind ones acute; surface densely and
rather coarsely punctate, with an impression each side near the base. Ely-
tra elongate, parallel; strive coarsely and closely punctured; intervals mod-
erately convex, sparsely and finely punctured. Length 12-16 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. June 16-August 26. Occurs
especially beneath the bark of oak.
A. rufipes Say, length 11-16 mm., is said to have the same range
as sapcrdioides and is probably only a variety of that species.
2808 (7415). NYLOPINUS -ENESCENS Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1866, 120.
Elongate-oval. Brownish or piceous, bronzed, shining. Thorax one-
third broader than long, sides broadly rounded; surface finely and rather
sparsely punctate and with an impression each side in front of base. Ely-
tra more dilated behind the middle than in the preceding, their striz less
impressed and less strongly punctured. Tooth of front tibie of male much
less prominent. Length 13-15 mim.
Marion County; rare. May 24. Occurs in the ‘‘Middle and
Western States.’’
VI. Tewnesrio Linn. 1758. (Gr., ‘‘darkness.’’)
Medium-sized black or brownish, elongate-oval or parallel, feebly
convex forms having the tarsi clothed with a coarser, less dense and
more rigid pubescence than in the preceding genera; antenne
gradually thicker toward the tip; palpi and tarsi short. Four spe-
cies are known from the United States, all of which occur in In-
diana.
KEY TO SPECIES OF TENEBRIO.
a. Trechantin of middle coxie very distinct; form elongate, narrowly oval
or parallel.
». Surface dull, opaque; Jength 14-17 mm. . 2309. opsctrts.
bv». Surface more or less shining.
ec. Thorax broader than long; length 13-16 mm. 2310. MOLITOR.
ce, Thorax nearly square; length 9-10 mm. 2311. CASTANEUS.
aa. Trochantin of middle cox very small; form more broadly oval; length
12-13 mm. 2312. TENEBRIOIDES.
1250 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONIDZE.
#9309 (7416). TENEBRIO OBSCLRUS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 146.
Elongate, narrowly oval. Piceous or dark reddish-
een as brown, opaque. Thorax subyuadrate, slightly mar-
rowed in front; sides feebly curved, muugins rather
wide, reflexed, hind angles acute; surface, as well as
that of head, densely and granulately punctate. Ely-
tra nearly parallel, surface with rows of fine punc-
tures; intervals finely and densely granulate. Length
1417 mm. (Wig. 559.)
Throughout the State; frequent. January
1-June 9. Both this and the next are introduced
species and live in granaries, storehouses, barns,
ete. Their larve are the ‘‘meal-worms’’ which
Fig, 559. x 2. (After p
Chittenden in Bull. IV, N. are apt to occur wherever there is a heap of
Ser., U. 8. Div. Ent.) é iz 5
erain remnants or debris. By removing or
changing such refuse their breeding places will be broken up and
the beetles kept in check. When its use is practical carbon bi-
sulphide will kill both larve and adults.
*2310 (7417). TENEBRIO MOLITOR Linn., Faun. Suec.,
1761, 224.
Resembles obscurus in form. Piceous, shining.
Thorax broader than long, less narrowed in front;
margins broader, more strongly reflexed; front an-
gles move prominent, hind ones less acute; surface
finely and rather densely punctate, the impressions
each side near base more distinct than in obscurus.,
Punctures of elytral stris indistinct ; intervals con-
vex, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 13—
16 mm. (Fig. 560.)
Throughout the State; frequent. -Janu-
ary 11-July 14. Oceurs with the preceding.
4 . Z Fig. 560. x 2}.
2311 (7418). TENEBRIO CASTANEUS Knoch., Neue (Atter Forbes.)
Beitrag., 1801, 171.
Elongate, parallel. Blackish- or reddish-brown, feebly shining. Tho-
rax nearly square, truneate at base, distinctly emarginate at apex; sides
nearly straight, margins wide, strongly reflexed; front angles prominent.
rounded, hind ones rectangular; surface finely, deeply and rather densely
punctate. Hlytral strive rather deep, strongly punctate; intervals finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State; common. March 12—-November 23. Prob-
ably hibernates. Occurs beneath bark and logs, especially in low,
open woods; gregarious in early spring. Fresh specimens have the
upper surface finely pruinose.
*2312 (7419). TENEBRIO TENEBRIOIDES Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 121.
Wlongate-oval. Black or dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax one-
third broader than long, sides feebly curved; margins narrow. scarcely re-
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1251
flexed; base sinuate. angles not prominent; surface with coarse’and fine
punctures intermixed, the cuarse ones more numerous on the sides. Elytral
strie closely and densely punctate; intervals subconvex, finely and rather
densely punctulate. Length 12-13 mm.
Throughout the State; common beneath bark. Hibernates.
February 20-December 8.
VII. Dotrema Pasce. 1860. (Gr., ‘‘insidious.’’)
Small, pale, very flat species having the antenne gradually
thickened towards the tip. The males have a small triangular horn
or tooth each side of the head in front of the eyes. One of the two
known species occurs in the State.
2313 (7421). Dortema paLyipa Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1824.
271; ibid. II, 160.
Oblong, parallel, much depressed. Pale reddish-brown. Head concave
between the eyes; clypeus emarginate. Thorax obceordate, much narrowed
behind the middle, apex broadly and deeply emarginate; front angles
rounded, hind ones rectangular; surface finely and sparsely punctured and
with a short impressed line each side near base. Elytra with rows of mi-
nute punctures, the side margins slightly elevated. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. September 8. Occurs beneath bark.
Resembles a Cucujid in form and general appearance. Listed as
Adelina pallida.
Tribe II. PEDININI.
In this tribe the hody is oval, not very convex; front short and
broadly dilated on the sides; clypeus emarginate, covering the base
of mandibles; labrum prominent; elytra feebly embracing the sides
of abdomen; middle coxw with distinct trochantin; hind coxa well
separated; front and sometimes the middle tarsi of males dilated
and spongy beneath. But two of the six vecognized genera are rep-
resented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PEDININI.
a. Eyes not entirely divided; mentum trilebed in front; length S-10 mmn.
: VIII. Ilorarrines.
aa. Txyes completely divided, the upper portion large, rounded; mentum not
trilobed; length less than 7 mm. IX. BLapstinus.
VIII. Hoparrmvs Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘also+a senator.’’)
To this genus, as ahove limited, belong three species, one of
which oecurs in Indiana.
1252 FAMILY LV.-—TENEBRIONID&.
#2314 (7425). Hoparrinus norus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
1826, 237; ibid. IT, 304.
Oblong-oval. Black or brownish-black, opaque; antennze and tarsi pic-
eous. Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides
nearly straight; margin slightly thickened, hind angles long, subacute; sur-
face densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra not striate, but with
rows of large, deeply impressed punctures; intervals with minute punctures,
each bearing a very short, prostrate yellow bristle. Length 8-11.5 mm.
Southern half of State; frequent in sandy localities beneath
chips, bark, logs, ete. Hibernates. February 14-December 12.
IX. Burarstinus Latr. 1829. (Gr., ‘‘to injure+to attempt.’’)
Small oblong or oblong-oval, black or piceous species, having the
base of thorax bisinuate and as wide as base of elytra; inner wings
always present, sometimes very rudimentary; front tibie straight,
not produced at apex; antennx stout, joints 4-8 longer than broad ;
upper portion of eyes large and rounded. Of the 40 or more spe-
cies listed from the United States by Casey, but three occur in
Indiana. For a synoptical table and description of the North
American species see:
Casey —In Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sei., V, 1890, 416-462.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BLAI'STINUS.
a. Klytral strike not interrupted; pubescence persistent; hind angles of
thorax somewhat prolonged backward. 2315. MasTus,
aa. Wlytral striw more or less interrupted; pubescence scant, easily re
movable, often almost absent.
b. Surface lustre rarely bronzed; color piceous-hlack, the elytra slightly
paler; elytral strive more finely punctured and less interrupted.
2316. INTERRUPTUS.
bb. Surface lustre strongly bronzed; elytral strive more coarsely pune-
tured and widely and frequently interrupted ; thorax more sparsely
punctured. 2317. METALLICUS.
*2315 (7442). Biarstinus Mastus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci., IIT.
IS46, 65.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex, Black, shining ; rather sparsely clothed
with fine, short, yellowish, prostrate pubescence, Thorax one-balf wider
than long, feebly narrowing from base to apex, hind angles subacute, promi-
hent; surface sparsely and deeply punctate at middle, more closely and
coarsely at sides. Elytral strise feebly impressed near suture, more deeply
on sides, where their punctures are coarser; intervals finely and sparsely
punctured. Length 4.7-5.4 mm.
Lake and Vigo counties; frequent beneath rubbish and other
cover, especially cacti in sandy Jovalities. March 7—October 1.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1253
2316 (7444). Briapstrnus INTERRUPTUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TIT, 1824, 264; ibid. II, 155.
Oblong, rather robust and convex. Black, finely alutaceous; elytra pic-
eous, obscurely tinged with bronze. Thorax three-fourths wider than long;
sides straight to near apex, then converging to the apical angles; apex
broadly emarginate, hind angles acute; surface rather densely and coarsely
punctured, the basal fover well marked. Elytra together about one-half
longer than wide; striw feebly impressed, very finely and closely punctured,
the rows more or less interrupted; intervals sparsely and rather coarsely
punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Throughout the state; scarce. April 23-May 29. Several speci-
mens were taken from a dead hen and others from cement side-
walks and beneath rubbish, usually in sandy localities. Broader
and more oblong than the next.
2317 (7445). BLAPSTINUS METALLICUS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 148.
Oblong-oval, convex. Bronzed, rather strongly shining. Thorax as in
interruptus, except that the disk is more finely and sparsely punctate at
middle. Elytral punctures coarse and widely interrupted in sets of one to
four or five, thus causing the surface to appear rugose; intervals flat,
sparsely and very finely punctate. Length 44.8 mun.
Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; frequent. March 26—October
1. Occurs with mestus and probably hibernates. Often attracted
by light.
Tribe III. ULOMINI.
Elongate or oval, usually somewhat depressed species having the
head immersed in thorax to eyes, which are transverse and emargi-
nate; front dilated to cover the base of mandibles; antenne 11-
jointed, the outer joints more or less thickened; middle cox with-
out trochantin, hind coxe slightly separated: tarsi pubescent be-
neath, the last joint much elongated. They live under bark, in
fungi or in dried vegetable products. Representatives of but five
of the 16 genera have been taken in the State, though those of three
~ ~ others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ULOMINI.
a. Antenne with the last two or three joints suddenly broader (except in
Tribolium confusum) ; length less than 5 mm.
b. Club of antenns 3-jointed ; epipleura very narrow at tip.
X. TRIBOLIUM.
bb. Club of antennre 2-jointed; epipleura distinct at tip. XI. Dicepus.
aa. Antennal joints gradually broader to tip.
ec, Base of thorax not margined, the hind angles never covering the hu-
meral angles of elytra.
d. Last joint of maxillary palpi oval; length less than 4 mm.
1254 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONID.E,
e. ead of mile unarmed; scutellum broadly transverse; eyes
rounded, entire. XIT. C.-ENOCORSE,
ee, Ilead of male armed with two pointed tubercles; scutellum little
wider than long; eyes transverse, divided. GNATHOCERUS.
dd. Last joint of maxillary palpi triangular; head of male not tubercu-
late; length more than 6 mm.
f. Epipleurve entire; front tibi:e more or less dilated, finely toothed ;
last joint of antenns oval. XIII. ALPHITOBIUS.
/f. Epipleurze abbreviated ; color dark reddish-brown.
g. Front tibise slender; first joint of hind tarsi short; form elon-
gate, subdepressed. THARSUS.
gg. Yvont tibite broad, serrate; form broad, subecuvex.
XIV. ULoma.
ec, Base of thorax margined, the hind angles covering the humeral an-
gles of elytra; front tibiw slightly dilated, finely denticulate.
Hurocuia.
X. Tripotium MceLeay, 1825. (Gr, ‘‘thrice pointed.’’)
Small elongate parallel species having the antenne slender, the
last three joints suddenly dilated to form a flattened club; mentum
nearly square with rounded front angles; last joint of maxillary
palpi elongate-oval, truncate at apex. ‘Two of the three listed spe-
cies occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRIBOLIUM.
a, Ulead not expanded beyond the eyes at the sides: antennal club dis-
tinetly three-jointed. (Fig. 561, f.) 23S. FERRUGINEUM.
ua. Head expanded each side of front of eye; antennal joints gradually
broader to tip. (Fig. 961, ¢.) 2319. CONFUSUM.
82518 (7463). TRIBOLIUM FERRUGINEU M Fab., Spec. Ins.. I, 1781. 324.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Reddish-brown, shining. Thorax one-half
wider than long, sides feebly curved. hind angles rectangular; surface finely
and rather sparsely and dceply punctate. Elytra with the intervals repre-
sented by very narrow, fine raised lines, the strim with rows of minute
punctures. Length 44.5 mm. (Tig. 561.)
Southern half of State; common in meal, grain and other vege-
table products. Hihernates. February 2-November 22. Both this
and the next species are commonly known as ‘flour beetles’? or
ee ; biah :
flour weevils,’? and ‘‘live upon cereal and other seeds and various
other stored products, but generally prefer flour and meal and the
so-called ‘breakfast foods.” Their cees are often deposited in the
flour in mills, and these and the laryvwe they produee, being minute
and pale in color, readily eseape notice; but after the flour has heen
barreled or placed in baes and left unopened for any length of time
the adult heetles make their appearance, and in due course the flow:
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1255
is ruined, for when the insects have time to propagate they soon
convert the flour into a gray, useless mass. .\ part of the annoy-
ance to purchaser, dealer and manufacturer is due to the fact that
Fig. 561. Tribolium confusum; a, beetle; 6, larva; c, pupa, d, side lobe of abdomen of pupa; e, head of beetle,
howing eye and antenna; f, same of 7’. ferrugineum. (After Chittenden in Bull. 1V, N Ser, U 8. Div. Ent.)
the insects are highly offensive, a few specimens being sufficient to
impart a disagreeable and persistent odor to the infested sub-
stance.”’
2319 (10,617). TLRrBoLtiumM conrustm Duval, Gen. Col. Hur. Cat., 1868, 181.
Slightly larger, darker and more depressed than ferruginewm, from
which it can be easily separated only by the characters given in key. Tho-
rax more coarsely and shallowly punctate, with the hind angles more promi-
nent and the basal impressions wholly absent; punctures of elytra less dis-
tinet. Length 4.5-5. (Fig. 561.)
Marion, Orange and Vigo counties; frequent. January 17—No-
vember 25. On January 17, 1896, I received from Dr. Robert Hess-
ler, of Logansport, Ind., a pillbox of Cayenne pepper in which
were a dozen or more adult specimens of this beetle. The box was
placed in a drawer of my desk and not opened again until March
20, when the beetles were as lively as ever. On September 14 it was
opened for the third time. Two living adults and numerous half-
grown larve were found therein, together with the uneaten bodies
of the dead adults. The pepper being perfectly dry, the question
arises: How did the insects seeure sufficient moisture to live and
flourish when enclosed in so small a box? Both this and the pre-
ceding are imported species, and both are eccasionally museum
pests, preying upon dried insects, ete. The best remedy is the hi-
sulphide of carbon treatment, as described on preceding pages.
1256 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONIDA.
XI. Dieepus Lee. 1862. (Gr., “‘two +swellings.’’)
Here belongs a single small oblong reddish-brown species having
the last two antennal joints suddenly broader, compressed and
pilose, the last cne being the larger; epipleure entire, as broad at
apex as at middle; mentum trapezoidal, narrower behind, its front
angles distinct.
*9390 (7465). Diaepts punctatus Lec, New Sp. N. Am. Col. I, 1866, 131.
Oblong, convex. Dark reddish-brown, glabrous, shining. Thorax one-
third broader than long, scarcely narrowed in front; sides feebly curved,
strongly but narrowly margined, hind angles rectangular; surface coarsely,
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra each with eight deep, coarsely punctured
strie ; intervals convex, minutely punctulate; scutellar stria wanting. Length
3-3.5 nim.
Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 12—-December 25.
Occurs beneath logs and bark of pine.
XII. Canocorsz Thom. 1859. (Gr., ‘‘common.’’)
Small oblong species having the eyes rounded,
prominent, entire; antenne rather robust, the
joints gradually but feebly enlarged toward tip;
first joint of hind tarsi but slightly longer than sec-
ond and third.
2521 (——). C®NOCORSE RATZEBURGI Wissm., Stett. Ent.
ie 8 the Ce me Zeit., IX, ssi es ;
tenden in Fat. Bull 45, ongate-oblong, slender, parallel. Reddish-brown,
U.S. Dep. Agr.) shining. Thorax convex, nearly square, slightly narrowed
behind, sides almost straight; surface minutely aluta-
ceous, finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra striate, the sutural and
adjacent striz rather deeply impressed, finely and deeply punctate; inter-
vals flat. very minutely and rugosely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. (Wig.
G2.)
Knox County; rare. May 6. Taken by sift-
ing. Probably oceurs throughout the southern
third of State. It is known as the ““small-eyed
flour beetle’’ and oceurs in feed stores, bakeries and
other places where cereal products are kept.
An allied species, (inalhocerus maxillosus Fab.
(Fig. 563), feeds especially on corn and corn meal,
and is often injurious in the Southern States. It
has been recorded from Cineinnati.
NUT. Anprirosris Steph. 1832, (Gr., ‘“barley wee a ee
; ri nden in Far. Bu ,
meal + to live in.’’) U.S. Dep. Agr.)
ae ; eo: ? :
Two medium-sized introduced black or piceous species belong
here, one of which has heen taken in the State.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1257
2322 (7445). ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS Panz., Faun. Germ., 1797, 37.
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax twice as
wide as long, sides nearly straight; apex deeply emarginate, front angles
prominent, rounded, base bisinuate; surface, as well as that of head, rather
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral strive slightly impressed, finely and
shallowly punctate; intervals feebly convex, distinctly punctate, the punc-
tures nearly as large as those of the strie. Length 6.5-7 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. March 7-April 12. Taken from barn
where grain was stored. It resembles some of the larger species of
Platydema, but is easily distinguished by the less prominent eyes
and large punctures of elytral intervals.
Tharsus seditiosus Lec., elongate, depressed, reddish-brown,
shining, length 5 mm., is a southern form which has been recorded
from Cincinnati.
XIV Unoma Cast. 1540. (Gr., ‘‘destructive.’’)
Medium-sized, reddish-brown species, easily distinguished by
the short epiplenre and dilated and toothed front tibiz. Three spe-
cies have been taken, while a fourth may oceur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ULOMA.
a. Lower ede of front femora grooved for their full length.
b. Last joint of antennz rounded at tip.
c. Elytral intervals very minutely and sparsely punctured; middle
plate of mentum elongate-oval. 2323. IMPRESSA.
cee. Elytral intervals densely punctulate; middle plate of mentum trans-
versely oval. 2325. PUNCTULATA,
bb. Last joint of antenne oblique, pointed middle plate Of mentum trans-
verse. 2324. IMBERBIS.
aa. Lower edge of front’femora not grooved but with a rather broad pit
near the tip. MENTALIS,
*9323 (7481). ULoma ImpResSA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1S46, 64.
Oblong, subparallel. Chestnut-brown, shining ; legs reddish-brown. Front
of head with a deep curved impression. Thorax one-third wider than long,
as wide at base as elytra; sides feebly curved. hind angles obtuse; surface
finely and sparsely punctate, the males with a broad, deep impression be-
hind the middle of the front margin. FElytra almost parallel, rather deeply
striate, the strie with punctures on the sides; intervals subconvex, minutely
punctulate. Length 11-12 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-October 12.
Oceurs especially heneath the bark of oak and beech.
*9394 (7482). ULOMA IMBERBIS Lec., New Sp. N. A. Col., I, 1866, 123.
Blongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, shining. Head
as in impressa. Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly narrowed in
12558 FAMILY LV.—-TENEBRIONID.
front of hind angles; sides distinctly curved; surface finely and sparsely
punctate. Elytral stris: more coarsely punctured than in fmpressa; the
intervals more distinctly punctulate. Length 8.5-9 mim.
Throughout the State; common. February 11-October 20.
Readily known from impressa by its smaller size and form of ter-
minal joint of antenne.
2525 (7485). ULoMa PUNCTULATA Lec... New Sp. N. A. Col, I, 1866, 124.
Elongate-oval, subparallel. Uniform pale reddish-brown. Sides of tho-
rax parallel behind the middle. Intervals of elytra finely and densely punc-
tulate. Male with thorax not impressed near apex, and middle tibize mucro-
nate. Otherwise as in fmpressa, which it closely resembles. Length 7-
8.5 Dim.
Lake County; scarce. July 21. Occurs beneath bark of pine.
Known heretofore only from the Southern States.
Uloma mentalis Horn, dark reddish-brown, length 8.5 mm., was
described from Texas and Kansas and has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati.
Eutochia yicea Melsh., black, shining, length 85 mm., is said to
“oceur rather abundantly in the Middle States.’’
Tribe IV. HETEROTARSINI.
Small oval winged species, having the upper surface very coarse-
ly punctate and usually sparsely clothed with erect hairs; head not
received in the thorax as far as the eves, which are large and
coarsely granulated; front slightly dilated over the base of the
mandibles; epipleure narrow, extending to tips of elytra; front
coxe globose; middle ones with a distinct trochantin; hind ones
slightly separated; tarsi coarsely pubescent beneath. Three genera
are recognized, all of which are probahly represented in the State.
KEY TO GENERA OF HETEROTARSINI.
a, Antenuwe gradually thicker toward apex; body pubescent,
XV. AN-EbUS.
aa. Antenne with the last three joints distinetly larger,
b. Margin of thorax teothed: body pubescent. XVI. PARATENETUS.
bb. Margin of thorax simple; body without hairs. PRATEUS
NV An epus Blanch. 1845, (Gr., ‘‘shameless.’’)
To this genus, as above limited, belong but two species, one of
which occurs in the State.
*2326 (7488). AN.EDUS BRUNNEUS Ziegler, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. IT,
IS44, 45.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with
rather long, erect yellowish hairs; antenne and legs paler. Fead coarsely
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1259
punctate and with a rounded elevation above the base of antenne. Thorax
twice as wide as long,/abruptly narrowed each side in front of hind angles,
the latter acute; margins distinct, reflexed; surface coarsely and rather
srursely punctured. Elytra with coarse, deep, irregular punctures, Length
5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent in sandy localities beneath hark,
logs and stones. Hibernates. March 19-December 25.
XVI. Pararenerus Spin. 1844. (Gr, ‘‘close together +to ex-
tend.’’)
Small, oval convex brownish species, easily known by the char-
acters given in key. The thorax is narrower than the elytra and
has the side margins distinctly toothed. Two species are known
from the State, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PARATENETUS.
a. Sides of thorax with five to seven teeth; elytra moderately convex.
vb. Sides of thorax rounded in front, gradually narrowing behind the
middle. PUNCTATUS.
bb. Sides of thorax strongly rounded from the front to the hind angles.
2327. FUSCUS.
aa. Sides of thorax with three teeth; elytra strongly convex.
2328. GIBBIPENNIS.
P. punctatus Spin., reddish-brown, length 34 mm., oceurs in
the Middle and Eastern States, and has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati.
>
2327 (7491). TPARATENETUS FuscUS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 225.
Elongate-oval, convex. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with fine,
silky, yellowish pubescence; club of antennze piceous. Thorax slightly
broader than long, convex; surface, as well as that of head, co.rsely,
densely and confluently punctured. Elytra with sides parallel for three-
fourths of their length, thence rounded to apex; surface coarsely, densely
and irregularly punctured. Length 2-2.5 min.
Southern half of State; scarce. May 11—June 20. Taken by
sifting dry leaves. Jts range is given as ‘‘Canada and the States
bordering the Great Lakes.”’
2398 (——-). PARATENETUS GIBBIPENNIS Mots., Bull. Mose., 1868, 193.
Narrowly oval, strongly convex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, sparse-
ly pubescent; antenn:e and legs paler. Thorax convex, sides rounded on
apical two-thirds, parallel and a little narrowed toward the base; margins
each with three blunt teeth near middle; surface very coarsely and densely
punctate. Tlytra very strongly convex or gibbous; surface coarsely and
rather closely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
1260 FAMILY LV.—-TENEBRIONIDA.
Starke and Steuben counties; scarce. June 16-June 17. Sifted
from sphagnum moss about the margins of marshes.
Prateus fusculus Lee., piceous, shining, strongly punctured,
length 3.5 mm., ranges from New York to South Carolina and has
been recorded from Cincinnati.
Tribe V. DIAPERINI.
Oval or rounded winged species of medium or small size, having
the head received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are trans-
verse and coarsely granulated; front somewhat. dilated at the sides,
covering the base of the mandibles; antennz more or less thickened
towards the tip; elytra with narrow epipleure; front coxe trans-
verse, middle ones with distinct trochantin; tarsi pubescent be-
neath. Six of the eight genera are represented in the State, while
a member of another may occur in the northern third.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DIAPERINI.
a. Body broadly oval or elongate-oval; pygidium covered.
b. Eyes emarginate in front; length 3 or more mm.
c. First joint of hind tarsi not longer than second; body broadly oval,
strongly convex. XVII. Drareris.
ce. First joint of hind tarsi longer than second.
d. First joint of hind tarsi not longer than second and third to-
gether; form elongate-oval; length 3-3.5 mm.
XVIII. ARRHENOPLITA.
dd. First joint of hind tarsi longer than second and third together.
ce. Epipleure entire; process between the hind coxe acute.
f. Last joint of maxillary palpi broadly triangular; body
broadly oval, strongly convex : Jength 4 or more mm.
XIX. PLatypema.
ff. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate triangular; form elon-
gate-oval; length less than 3 mm. XX. PHYLETUUS.
ee. Epipleure short; intercoxal process truncate; thorax narrower
at base than elytra; color greenish-bronzed, shining.
ScarHIDEMA.
bb. Eyes not emarginate; last five joints of antennse forming a loose
club; length less than 3 mm. XXII. PENTAPHYLLUS.
aa. Body cylindrical; pygidium exposed ; length less than 4+ mm.
XXII. Hypopuiacs.
XVII. Drtarerts Gocff, 17692. (Gr., “through + to pass.’’)
To this genus as limited ahovye helong tivo species, one of which
1s common in the State,
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1261
2329 (7506). DIApeRIs wacuLata Oliv., Encyc. Meth., VI, 1791, 273.
Broadly oval, convex. Black; head be-
tween the eyes and elytra, in great part,
orange-red; the latter being marked with
black as follows: a sutural line not reaching -
scutellum and wider on apical half, a rounded
spot on middle of basal third and another
elongate and smaller one near the margin, a
large irregular spat on apical half reaching
from margin nearly to sutural line. Thorax
nearly three times as wide as long, finely and .
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rows of rather eink fe Parked ieee —
fine, feebly impressed punctures; intervals tenn of beetle. (After Riley.)
flat, minutely and sparsely punctuiate. Length 6-6.5 mm. (Fig. 564.)
Throughout the State; common and gregarious beneath bark,
especially that of elm, and in fungi. March 16—-September 9.
XVIII. Arruenoriita Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘strong + weapon.’’)
Small elongate-oval, bluish or greenish species, having the epi-
pleure abbreviated and the males (in our species) armed with two
short horns on clypeus and two longer ones on vertex. Two cf the
three recognized species occur in the State. Formerly listed under
Hoplocephala.
2230 (7150S). ARRHENOPLITA VIRIDIPENNIS Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 586.
Elongate-oval. Thorax, legs and under surface, except abdomen, orange-
red; head, abdomen and apical half of antennée piceous; elytra green or
blue, with metallic lustre. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, sides
feebly curved, hind angles rounded, surface finely and rather sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra finely striate-punctate; intervals nearly flat, minutely punctu-
late. Length 3-3.5 min.
Posey County; searee. April 13. Taken from beneath bark of
fungus covered log. Probably throughout the southern third of
State.
*2331 (7509). ARRHENOPLITA BICORNIS Oliv., Ent., III, 1795, 55.
Differs from the preceding in having the whole upper surface bluish-
green, the thorax sometimes varying to brownish; under surface, except pro-
sternum, usually piceous. Elytral stri:ze more coarsely punctate. Length
3—+ mm.
Throughout the State; very common on fungi of various kinds.
Hibernates. February 25-October 11. The head of female in both
species is wholly devoid of horns or tubercles.
1262 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONID.E.
XIX. Puarypema Lap. 1831. (Gr., ‘‘broad + body.’’)
Small or medium-sized, broadly oval convex species having the
first joint of hind tarsi longer than the two following together;
epipleure entire; mesosternum concave; last joint of maxillary
palpi broadly triangular, its inner and outer sides nearly equal;
intercoxal process of abdomen triangular, acute. They occur es-
pecially’ on fleshy fungi about the bases of stumps or trees or be-
neath bark. About 16 species are known from the United States.
ten of which are known from Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PLATYDEMA.
a. Head with horns or tubercles; front concave.
b. Upper surface black, shining.
bb. Upper surface piceous or dark reddish-brown, opaque.
2333. ERYTHROCERA,
2332. EXCAVATUM.
ad. Head without tubercles or horns.
ce. Thorax dull red, elytra black. 2384. RUFICOLLE.
ce, Thorax and elytra black.
d. Surface opaque.
e. Elytra without red spots.
f. Antennz wholly pale. 2335. RUFICORNE.
ff. Antenne black, three basal joints pale. 2336. FLAVIPES.
ce. Wlytra each with an oblique red spot on basal half.
2387. ELLIPTICUM.
dd. Surface shining black.
y. Prosternum horizontal, its apex prominent.
h. Head with distinet transverse groove and frontal jmpressi vi.
AMERICANUM.
hh. Head without transverse impression.
?, Thorax very sparsely punctured. 2388. L-EVIPES.
vi. Thorax and intervals of elytra densely punctured.
2539. MICANS,
gg. Prosternum convex between the cox, its apex deflexed and ob-
tuse.
j. Klongate-oval; black with a bronzed tinge; smaller, not over
5 mm. 2340. PICILABRUM,
jj. Devoadly oval; larger, 6-7 min. 241. SUBCOSTATUM.
#2082 (7510). PLATYDEMA EXCAVATUM Say, Journ. Phil, Acad. Nat. Nei.
IIT, 1S24, 267; ibid. II, 157.
Broadly oval, convex. Black, shining; anteune and legs reddish-brown,
the latter sometimes piceous. Iead of male with two parallel, prominent,
cylindrical horns between the eyes; front deeply concave between the bases
of the horns; head of female with tubercles iustead of horns. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, narrowed from base to apex, surface finely and
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rather finely punctured strim; intervals tee-
bly convex, minutely punctured. Length +.5-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common, January 11-Octoher 14.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1263
2333 (7512). PLatTypewA ERYTHROCERA Lap.. Ann. Sci. et Nat., XNIIT. 1801,
355.
Broadly oval. subconvex. Above picecus, opaque, often with a purplish
tinge; under surface and apical half of ancenn:e br..wnish: legs reddish-
brown. Head and thorax as in ercaratum. Elytral strise less deep, more
coarsely punctured: intervals flat, smocth. Length 3.5-+ mm.
Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties: scarce. May 14-October 9,
2n34d (7513). PLaTyDEMA RUFICOLLE Lap.. Ann. Sci. et Nat.. NNIIT. 18:1,
o
ay
io.
Oval. convex. Black or dark reddish-brown. subopaque; thvrax, an-
tennie and legs dull red. Head miuuteiy punctured. Thorax nearly three
times as wide as long. base bisinuate. apex deeply emarginate: surface
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytral strice rather deep and coarsely pun<-
tured; intervals flat or nearly sv, smusth. Length 34.5 mnt.
Lake, Posev and Perry counties: rare. April 21-September 27.
feooo (fold). PLATYPDEMA RUFICORNE Siurm Cat.. S26. Gs,
Very broadly oval. Dlack. opaque or piceous. with a purplish tinge:
under surface and legs dark browni-lh-yellow ; antenuze wholly pale reddish-
yellow. Thorax more than twice as wide at base us Jong. thence recularly
narrowed to apex: surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra finely
striate. the strize with small. rather cl sely placed jrunctures; intervals fiat,
very minutely punctulate. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Throughout the State; very common on fieshy fungi and beneath
bark. Hibernates. March 12—Devember >.
2336 (7515). PLATYDEMA FLAVIPES Fab.. Syst. Eleut., II, 1s01, 507.
Resembles ruficurne but more elongate. Llack or piceous., opayue; an-
tenne black except the three basal joints. which. with under surface and
legs. are reddish-brown. Thorax feebly and sparsely punctate at middle.
more densely and coarsely on sides. Elytral punetures coarser than in
ruficorne; intervals feelly convex and with more evident punctures. Length
4-5 mm.
Clark and Peasey counties: rare. May 5-September 25,
eanT (7018). PLATYbDEMA ELLIPTICUM Fab.. Sy~t. Eleut.. TL. 1801, 566.
Elongateoval. Tlack, opaque: elytra each with an oblique, very irregu-
lar reddish spot. extending from humerus to suture. Thorax finely and
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra finely striate. the <triw with fine distant
punctures. Length 5.0-7 mm.
Southern half of State: frequent. Mareh 2U-October 14. Oc-
curs beneath bark on fungus covered legs.
P. americanum Lap., length 5-6.5 mm.. is said by Horn to be
abundant in the ‘‘Northern States and Canada.”
| SO--23402)]
1264 FAMILY LV.--TENEBRIONIDA.
2388 (7521). PLATYDEMA La&vIPES Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1842, 101.
Rather broadly ovai. Black or piceous, shining; elytra often brownish;
antennee and legs reddish-brown. Thorax about three times as wide at base
as long, feebly narrowed from hase to apex; surface faintly alutaceous, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra deeply striate, the strive with fine, not
closely placed punctures; intervals subconvex, minutely punctulate. Length
5-6 mm.
Fountain, Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties; scaree. April
14-July 9.
2389 (7523). PLATYDEMA MICANS Horn, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XTY, 1870,
383.
Broadly oval. Black or piceous black, strongly shining; antennsz and
tibire pale reddish-brown, femora darker. Thorax more than twice as wide
at base as long, sides nearly straight and converging from base to apex;
surface rather densely and finely punctured and with a small impression
each side at base. Elytra with rows of moderately coarse punctures; in-
tervals rather densely and finely punctured. Length 3-3.5 nim.
Lawrence County; searce. July 29. Several specimens were
taken from decaying fleshy fungi. Resembles the female of exca-
vatwm in color and form, but easily distinguished by the lack of
tubercles and more dense punctuation. Known heretofore only
from the Gulf States.
*2340 (7524). PLaryDEMA PICILABRUM Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1846, 62.
Oblong-oval. Black with a brassy or greenish tinge; antennz and legs
reddish-brown. Head with a shallow transverse groove in front of eyes.
Thorax two and a half times as wide as long, surface densely and rather
coarsely punctate, and with a large shallow fovea each side near base. Ely-
tral strize rather deep, marked with coarse punctures; intervals flat, finely
but distinctly punctulate. Length 4.5-5.5 min.
Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. March +-November
7. Occurs especially heneath bark of elm. The oblong form, brassy
lustre and larger impressions at base of thorax serve to distinguish
this form from all its allies.
*2341 (7025). PLarypEMA sUBCOSTATUM Tap.. Aun. Sci. Nat., XXIII, 362.
Broadly oval. Black, shining; antennie reddish-brown; legs darker,
almost piceous. Head with a transverse impression in front of eyes. Tho-
rax three times as wide as long, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytral strie
feeble, the punctures fine: intervals flat, minutely punctulate. Length 5.5—
6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common, J anuary 11—October 23.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1265
XX. Puy.eraus Meg. 1821. (Gr., ‘‘member of a tribe.’’)
Small oval species having the last joint of the maxillary palpi
elongate triangular, its outer side much the longer; epipleure en-
tire; prosternum not produced. The males are smaller than the
females and have the front of head marked with three deep grooves
and two ridges, the clypeus with a median impression and an ele-
vation each side. One species occurs in the eastern United States,
including Indiana.
2542 (7526). Puyiteruus prrasciatus Say, Journ.. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
TIT, 1824, 268; ibid. IJ, 158.
Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown, antenne and legs paler; elytra dull yel-
low, with the suture, a broad band near middle and a narrower one near
apex, dark brown or blackish. Thorax twice as wide as long, convex, the
surface finely and densely punctate. Elytra with feebly impressed, finely
punctured strie; intervals flat, densely punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Lake, Marion, Lawrence and Vigo counties; scarce. May 29-
October 19. Occurs beneath bark and in fungi.
Scaphidema eneolum Lece., dull greenish-bronzed, shining, length
3.5-4.5 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in northern In-
diana.
XXII. PrentapHyutuus Meg. 1821. (Gr., ‘‘five + leaf.’’)
Small oval brownish species, having the eyes entire and the
front tibie not dilated. The males have two small blunt tubercles
on the front between the eyes. One of the two species occurs in the
State.
2343 (7538). PENTAPHYLLUS PALLIDUS Lec., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866,
126.
Elongate-oval, convex. Uniform pale reddish-brown, minutely pubes-
cent with yellowish hairs. Thorax as wide at base as elytra, thence feebly
narrowed to apex, hind angles obtuse; surface very finely and closely punc-
tate. Elytra not striate, the punctures fine, irregular and rather dense.
Length 2.5 mm.
Marion, Monroe, Dubois and Spencer counties; scarce. May 12-
June 12. Taken by sifting the debris of beech and maple stumps.
XXII. Hypopoucus Fab. 1790. (Gr., ‘Sunder +bark.’’) .
Small subeylindrical species, having the antenne gradually
thickened ; tibie somewhat broadened; epipleure short. Two spe-
cies have heen taken in the State, while two others may occur.
4
1266 FAMILY LV.—TENEBRIONID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPOPIILGUS,
a. Thorax regularly convex,
b. Thorax emarginate in frout, its front angles distinct; color uniform
paje reddish-brown. 2344. PARALLELUs.
bb. Thorax truncate in frent, its front angles obtuse.
ce. Disk of thorax finely and sparsely punctate; upper surface bi-
colored. 2345. THORACICUs,
ec. Disk of thorax with longitudinal wrinkles; upper surface uniform
dark brown; levgth 3.8 mim. RUGOSUS.
ad. Thorax depressed with a broad longitudinal excavation; head and tho-
rax reddish-brown, elytra blackish; length 3.8 mim. CAVUS.
2sd4 (7552). HyporPibLasus PARALLELUS Mels., Proc. Phil. .Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1846, 63.
Elongate, subeylindrical, parallel. Uniform reddish-brown, shining. Tho-
rax as long as wide, front angles prominent, acute, hind ones rounded; sur-
face finely, rather closely punctate. Elytra not striate, the punctures fine
and rather dense. Length 3.5-4 mm.
Lake County; searce. July 23. Occurs beneath bark. Ranges
from Canada to Arizona.
2345 (7535). Hyrorutavs ruoracicus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1846, 63.
Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Reddish-brown: elytra black, sparsely
pubescent with erect yellowish hairs. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
sides almost straight, angles all rounded: surface finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra little more than twice as long as thorax; sparsely and finely
punetured. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. July 11. Oceurs from Canada to Georgia.
EH. cavus Lee. was described from IXentueky and H. rugosus
Dury from Cincinnati. Both probably oveur in the southern third
of the State.
Tribe VI. BOLETOPHAGINI.
Oblong, opaque, winged species having the surface roughened
with tubercles; head received in thorax as tar as eyes, which are
coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate and with a large groove
beneath them for the reception of the hbase of the antennex; epi-
pleurw narrow; front cox transverse middle ones with a small but
distinet trochantin ; hind cox-v well separated, the intercoxal process
triangular; tarsi pubescent heneath, the last joint longer than the
others united. Two eenera are known, both being represented in
the State. The species occur on woody fungi which grow on the
sides of trees or stumps or beneath bark.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1267
KEY TO GENERA OF BOLETOPHAGINI.
a Antenne 10-jointed; eves not entirely divided.
XXIII. BoLerorierts
au. Antenne 11-jomted; eyes completely divided. XXIV. Borerorwacts.
XAT. Boterorugrus Candeze. 1861. (Gr., ‘fungus + to
hunt.’’
Tm this genus the males have two horns, slightly curved and
broader at tip, projecting forward from the thorax, and a short
horn, bifid at tip, on the clypeus. The females have the thorax
strongly tuberculate. One species is known.
2346 (7540). BoreroruHEerus pirurcus Fab., Ent.
Syst. Supp., I, 1798, 40.
Oblong, robust. Black or brownish-black.
opaque. Thorax three times as broad as long, mar-
gins broadly flattened and serrate with rounded
teeth; the disk with horns or tubercles as above
mentioned. EHlytra each with four rows of large, lig 565. x 2.
irregular tubercles with smaller ones on the inter- (After Emu:cns )
vals. Length 10-11.5 mm. (Jig. 565.) 3
Throughout the State; fregyuent. May 4-Oetober 17. When dis-
turbed they feign death, their form and roughened surface blending
with the irregularities on the surface of the fungi in such a manner
as to render the beetles almost invisible.
XATV. Boteropuagus hg. 1795. (Gr., ‘fungus + eating.’’)
Two species are known from the eastern United States, both of
which probably oecur in Indiana, though but one has as yet been
taken. The head and thorax are not horned in cither sex.
KEY TO SPECIES OF BOLETOPHAGUS.
a, Thoracic disk with numerous tubercles; the margin strongly crenulate
and deeply notched in front of hind angles. 2347. CORTICOLA.
aa. Disk of thorax coarsely punctured, not tuberculate; sides regularly
rounded, not crenulate. DEPRESSUS,
P8347 (7541). BoLeToPHAGUs CORTICOLA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1826, 239; ibid. I, 115.
Oblong, robust. Black or brownish-black, opaque. Head with sides
prominent, the surface granulate. Thorax three times as broad as long,
deeply emarginate in front; surface with numerous granules or small tuber-
cles. Elytra with rows of widely interrupted elevated lines or elongate
tubercles, with smaller ones in the intervals. Length $-8.5 mm.
Lake County: searce. May 28. Taken from beneath bark of
birch and pine.
1268 FAMILY LV.—-TENEBRIONIDZ.
B. depressus Rand., color of corticola, elytra finely costate, in-
tervals with a single row of coarse punctures, length 5—-7.5 mm., is
said to occur in the Eastern and Middle States and Canada.
Tribe VII. HELOPINI.
In this and the following tribes the front of head is separated
from the labrum by a shert transverse clypeus of leather-like tex-
ture. The present tribe is composed of medium-sized oblong or oval
species having the head immersed in thorax almost to eyes, the
latter transverse, emarginate and coarsely granulated; antennx
gradually thickened from base to apex; front coxe rounded, middle
ones with distinct trochantin; hind coxw narrowly separated, the
intercoxal process triangular; tarsi puhescent beneath, front and
middle ones of males usually dilated. The tribe is represented by
the single genus:
XXV. Henops Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘‘a nail + face.’’)
Dark metallic species, usually with a strong lustre. About 35
are known, chiefly from the West and Southwest. But three have
been taken in the State, though two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELOPS.
a. Inner wings present.
b. Side margins of thorax not undulated.
ce. Blytra finely striate; intervals finely and sparsely punctured; apex
of last ventral segment with a depression. 2348. MICANS.
ce. Wlytral strie deep; intervals convex, almost without punetures ;
apex of last ventral without depression. VENUSTUS,
bb. Side margins of thorax undulate; form narrower and less convex:
elytral striae deep. 2349. AMERICANUS.
aa. Inner wings absent.
d. Side pieces of prosternum with numerous shallow grooves,
2350. EREUS.
dd. Side pieces of prosternum coarsely punctured. CISTELOIDES.
2348 (7546). HeLorps MICANS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 157.
Hlongate-oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, shining; elytra with indis-
tinct bluish and greenish-metallic stripes. Antenne slender, half the length
of body, the three outer joints shorter. Thorax one-half broader than long,
emarginate in front, margins feebly sinuate, angles rectangular; surface
coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctate. Elytral strise fine, indis-
tinctly punctate; intervals flat, finely and sparsely punctate. Apex of last
ventral with a broad hairy depression in male; a longitudinal and narrow
one in female. Length 10-17 mm.
THE DARKLING BEETLES. 1269
Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-June 30. Occurs in
colonies beneath loose bark of old snags, especially those of red and
black oak. Our most brilliant member of the family.
HA, venustus Say, color of nucans, length 9-9.5 mm., is said by
Horn to be ‘‘not abundant in the Middle and Southern States.’’
2349 (7548). Hetors amerrcanus Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 122.
Elongate-oblong. Black, bronzed. Antenne with terminal joints less
compressed than in wicans and scarcely shorter than those preceding. Tho-
rax almost twice as wide as long, margins distinctly undulate, angles rec-
tangular; surface coarsely and densely punctate and with a small depres-
sion each side near base. Elytra rather deeply striate; intervals subcon-
vex, sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 10.5-13 mn.
Dubois and Crawford counties; scarce. May 15-May 19.
2350 (7565). Herors a:rets Germar., Insect. Sp. Nov., 1824, 159.
Short, oval, strongly convex. Blackish-bronzed, shining. Antenne with
last three joints subequal and shorter than those preceding. Thorax con-
vex, one-half broader than long; front angles subacute, surface densely and
equally punctured. Elytra with rows of fine, scarcely impressed punctures;
intervals flat, smooth. Length 7-9 mum.
Throughout the western half of State; common beneath bark.
April 5-June 14. Gregarious. Resembles Meracantha contracta in
form, but much smaller. Easily distinguished by the numerous
grooves on under side of thorax.
H. cisteloides Germ., elytra bronzed, with rows of fine punc-
tures, intervals flat, smooth, length 10-12.5 mm., is a southern spe-
cies which has been recorded from Cincinnati.
Tribe VIII. MERACANTHINI.
Ovate, strongly convex wingless species, having the head re-
ceived in the thorax nearly to the eyes, which are large, transverse
and emarginate; sides of head dilated over the base of antenn and
obliquely elevated; antennee long and slender, the outer joints very
slightly thicker; last joint of palpi strongly hatchet-shaped; front
cox rounded, middle ones with distinct trochantin, hind ones
widely separated; front femora armed on under side with an obtuse
tooth. The tribe is represented by a single genus and this in turn
by a single spevies, which ovcurs east of the Mississippi River.
NXVI. Merscantia Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘thigh + spine.’’)
9851 (THTS). MERACANTHA conrracta Beauy., Ins. Afr, et Amer., 1805, 122.
Broadly ovate, robust, strongly convex. Blackish-bronzed ; antennze and
legs picesus. Thorax subquadrate, convex, coarsely, irregularly and rather
1270 BAMILY LVI.—-CISTELIDZ,
closely punctate. Elytral stric feebly impressed, rather finely punctured ;
intervals almost flat, thickly punctulate. Length 11-13 mum.
Throughout the State; frequent. May Jx-September 18. Oc-
curs singly beneath logs and bark, especially that of oak.
Tribe IX. STRONGYLIINI.
Elongiite, rather slender, convex species, having the head dilated
on the sides, the eyes and antennw as in the preceding tribe; hind
vox narrowly separated; inner wings present. ‘The tribe 1s com-
prised of the single genus:
X XVII. Srroneyuium Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘‘round.’’)
This genus, as characterized above, is represented by six species,
two of which have been taken in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STRONGYLIUM.
a. Thorax as long as wide, without a median groove, 2352. TENCICOLLE,
aa. Thorax broader than long, with a shallow median groove.
2353. TERMINATUM.
2362 (7579). STRONGYLIUM TENUICOLLE Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
V, 1826, 241; ibid. IL, 506,
Elongate, convex. Brownish-black or piceous, shining; last joint of an-
tenne yellowish. Thorax subcylindrical, narrower than elytra, as long as
or slightly longer than wide; sides feebly curved, surface finely and rather
closely punctured. Elytra with deeply impressed punctured strive; inter-
vals convex, smooth. Length 14 mm.
Lake County; scarce. July 16—July 21. Taken at Hessville and
Lake beneath bark of pine.
2353 (7580). STRONGYLIUM TERMINATUM Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
III, 1824, 267; ibid. II, 157.
Elongate, parallel, convex. Blackish-brown; last joint of antenne yel-
low. Thorax broader than long, front angles rounded; surface finely, rather
closely and irregularly punctured. Elytra as in tenuicolle. Length 11-
12 mmm.
Putnam and Crawford counties; searee. June 28—July 1.
Family LVI. CISTELIDE.
Tre Coup-CLawEep Bark BEETLES,
This family embodies in North America about 100 known species
of brownish beetles without spots, which live, for the most part, be-
neath bark or on flowers and leaves. In form they are usually elon-
vate-oval, quite convex, and clothed above with minute hairs which
give a silken gloss to the surface. Although closely allied to the
Tenebrionidy, they are vendily separated by the comb-like or pee-
tinate tarsal claws.
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1271
In addition te the above-mentioned characters, the members of
the family have the maxillary palpi 4-jointed and often long an
much dilated; head siddenly but moderately narrowed behind the
eyes, which are usually large, transverse and emarginate; clypeus
not distinct, labrum prominent, mandibles short; antenne long,
more or loss serrate, 11-jointed, the joints, except three or four of
the basal ones, studded with large circular, sparsely placed pits or
pores; thorax with the side margins obvious: mesosternum short,
the side pieces reaching the coxal cavities: metasternum long; elytra
rounded at tips; abdomen with five ov six ventral segments, the
third and fourth of which are prolonged backwards and with their
hind margins leather-like; middle coxw with distinct trochantins ;
hind coxw transverse, not widely separated, the intercoxal process
in the Indiana genera being narrow, acute and angulate; tarsi often
lobed heneath, the front and middle ones five-jointed, the hind ones
4-jointed. Z
The name of the family is derived from that of the typical genus
Cistela, which is a diminutive of the Greek kis/e, a “little box or
vhest,’’ and probably refers to the form of the insects. The larve,
as far as known, somewhat resemble wire-worms in shape, live in
rotten wood and have no special economic importance.
The principal literature treating of the North Aimerican forms
is as follows:
> an New
LeConte.—‘Synoptiv table of the genus Iymenorus,’
Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1866, 135.
LeCoule—‘Synoptie table of species of Mycetochares,’’ in
Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVIT, 1878, 616-617.
Casey.—‘‘Synopsis of the Cistelide of the U.S.,’? in Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sei., VI, 1891, 69-170.
Casey in his Synopsis recognizes 14 genera as belonging to the
family. Of these representatives of seven have been taken in In-
diana, while those of another perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CISTELID/.
uw. Larsi lobed beneath.
b. Head in repose resting against the prosternum and cox, the former
strongly slanting downward in front of the cox. T. AQLLECULA.
bb. Tlead in repose free, the prosternum longer and Jess slanting in front
of coxies thorax rounded at apex, its hind angles rectangular ; body
oblong and parallel. IT.) WymMenorvs.
ada. Tarsi not lobed beneath.
e. Last joint of maxillary palpi clongate, triangular; mandibles dis-
tinctly notched at apex, their tips acute and subequal; antenn:e
more or less compressed and serrate. III. CIsTEeva.
1272 FAMILY LVI.—CISTELID2.
ce. Last joint of maxillary palpi broad, triangular.
d. Third joint of antenne nearly or fully equal to fourth.
e. Form oval; punctuation and pubescence usually minute and
dense; front tarsi as long as the tibiz; antenn:e slender.
IV. Jsomrra.
ee. Form oblong, subparallel; punctuation and pubescence generally
coarse and sparse; front tarsi shorter than the tibie; antenne
shorter and stouter, the joints obconical.
V. MYCETOCHARES.
dd. Third joint of antennwe always distinctly shorter than fourth, but
longer in the female than in the male.
f. Mandibles emarginate or truncate at apex; front tarsi more or
less dilated in the male.
g. Legs short, the tarsi distinctly shorter than tibiz; mandibles
obliquely truncate at apex, feebly and obtusely bilobed.
ANDRIMUS.
gg. Legs long and slender, the tarsi as long as the tibi#; mandi-
bles deeply notched at apex, the lobes acute and subequal.
VI. CAPNOCHROA.
ff. Mandibles acute at tip; front tarsi of male not dilated, but elon-
gate and distorted; antennz long and filiform.
VII. ANDROCHIRUS.
I. Avvecunta Fab. 1801. (L., ‘*by another way.’’)
Oblong-oval species, gradually pointed behind, and having the
tarsal lobes, especially the one on the next to the last joint, highly
developed; apical side of last joint of maxillary palpi longer than
the outer side; punctures of elytral striv finer toward apex. One
species has been taken in the State, while another may occur in the
northern counties.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ALLECULA.
a. Larger, 9-10 mm.; eves of female separated by about one-half their
width, those of male not quite contiguous. 2304. PESCTULATA,
aa. Smaller, not over 8 mm.; eves of female separated by fully their own
width. ATRA,
2354 (7589). ALLECULA PUNCTULATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
III, 1846, 59.
Elongate-oval. Dark chestnut-brown to black, sparsely clothed with
fine yellowish pubescence; antenne and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax one-
half wider than long, sides distinctly converging and nearly straight from
base almost to apex, hind angles rectangular, base broadly and deeply sin-
uate; surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate and with a faint basal
fovea each side. Blytra scarcely wider than base of thorax, gradually nar-
rowed from middle to apex; surface deeply striate, the striae with eons
rather distant punctures; intervals subconvex, distinctly punctate. Male
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1273
harrower than female and with four basal joints of front tarsi strongly
lobed beneath. Female with three basil joints of front tarsi simple, the
fourth strongly lobed. Length 9-10 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. June 12-August 11. Occurs on
dry twigs and beneath bark.
A. atra Say, black, shining, tarsi paler, length 7.5 mm., is a mem-
ber of the Alleghanian fauna.
Il. Hymenorus Muls. 1851. (Gr., ‘‘membrane + margin.’’)
Smaller oblong or oval species, having the last joint of maxillary
palpi in the form of a right angled triangle with the apex and outer
sides subequal in length; lobes of the tarsal joints less developed
than in Allecula, the front and middle tarsi never having more than
two joints lobed and the hind tarsi with but one. Seven species
have been recognized from Indiana, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYMENORUS.
a. Thorax sparsely and usually rather finely punctured; upper surface
shining.
». Third antennal joint of male equal or subequal in length to fourth.
c, Hlytral strix obsolete toward the apex. :
d. Elytra with a large reddish spot each side at base; length 4.5 mm.
HUMERALIS.
dd, Wlytra uniform in color throughout.
c. Femora dark brown, tibie and tarsi paler; antenne one-half
as long as body; larger, 7-S mm. 2355. PILOSUS.
ee. Femora reddish-yellow, tibiie darker; antennze two-fifths the
length of body; smaller, 5-G min. 2356. NIGER.
ec, Blytral striwe distinct to apex; antennee and legs reddish-brown.
2357. MELSHEIMERI.
bb. Third antennal joint of male distinctly shorter than fourth.
jf. Antenne fully one-half as long as body, the third joint of male two-
thirds the length of fourth; thorax narrower than base of ely-
tra, coarsely punctured. 2358. PERFORATUS.
ff. Antenne shorter, about two-fifths the length of body, the third
joint of male but slightly longer than second; thorax at base
equal in width to elytra. 2359. OBSCURUS.
aa. Thorax densely and rather coursely punctured; upper surface less shin-
ing.
g. Antenne stout, third and fourth joints subequal; eyes large in male,
separated hy a distance less than one-third their width; piceous-
black throughout. 2360. DISCRETUS.
gg. Antenne slender, third joint distinctly longer than fourth; eyes
smaller, always separated by more than half their width; elytra
piceous or dark reddish-brown, the head and thorax usually darker.
2361. DENSUS.
1274 FAMILY LVI.—CISTELID.©.
H. humeralis Lee., piceous, antenne fuscous, legs pale yellow,
was described from Kentueky and has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati.
e355 (T5H01). Hymenxorus vitosts Melsh., Proc, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1846, 58.
Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; antenn, tibie
and tarsi paler. Lyes separated by more than their own width. Thorax
as wide at base as elytra, nearly twice as wide as long, the sides rounded
into apex; hind angles rectangular; surface strongly sloping on the sides,
rather coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate, with a shallow transverse
impression each side near base and another in front of scutellum. Elytra
nearly four times as long as thorax, the sides parallel; surface with rows
of scarcely impressed punctures; intervals feebly convex, sparsely and finely
punctate, rugulose near the apex. Length 7-S mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 16-August 10. Occurs
on and beneath the bark of the black willow, Salic nigra Marsh.
2356 (7594). UymMenorus nicer Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III
1846, 59.
Elongate-oval, rather slender and parallel. Black or piceous, shining;
femora pale, antenn:e and tarsi piceous; pubescence ash-gray and rather
fine. Eyes separated by a distance equal to their width. ‘Thorax three-
fifths wider than long, sides straight and parallel almost to middle, thence
rounded into apex; surface finely and sparsely punctate, without impres-
sions near the base. Elytra not wider than thorax, their sides parallel and
nearly straight; surface with rows of small, deep punctures, which are im-
}ressed only on basal half and become obsolete near apex; intervals finely,
deeply and sparsely punctate. Length 5.3-G min.
,
Throughout the State; frequent. June 2- July 6. Occurs on the
dead branches of oak.
Bhat (10042). TiyaieNxorRUS MELSTIEIMERT Casey, Amn. N.Y. Acad, Sci. VIL
Iso, 92.
Hlongate-oblong, parallel. Viceous black above: antenme and legs pale
reddish-brown. Eyes separated by slightly more than their own width. An-
tenn short, stout, not more than one-third as long as body. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, sides parallel and feebly curved beyond middle,
thence broadly rounded into apex; surtace finely, sparsely and deeply pune-
tate and with a faint impression on middle of base. Elytra equal to thorax
in width, sides parallel, nearly straight; disk with impressed rows of fine,
LURE distant punctures; intervals minutely and sparsely punetate. Length
7S mon.
Lake and Kosciusko ecountics; rare. July 12—July 21. De-
scribed from Michigan,
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1275
2558 (10,644). EyMENoRUS PERFORATUS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VI.
ISH, 95.
Hlongate-oblong. Dark piccous-brown, shining ; legs and antenne slightly
paler; pubescence pale, rather coarse. senii-erect. Eves separated by about
their own width in males. Antenne cue-half as long as budy, the joints
very coarsely pitted. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides broadly
curved into apex; surface coarsely and deeply punctate and without basal
impressions, the punctures separated by twice their own diameters. Elytra
one-fifth wider than thorax -and about four times as long, sides parallel and
nearly straight; disk with rather strongly impressed rows of coarse, deep
punctures; intervals subconvex, finely, sparsely and unevenly punctured.
Length 7-8 mm.
Kosciusko, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. June 2—July 5.
Occurs on leaves of maple. Described from Pennsylvania, Indiana
and North Carolina.
2359 (7592). HyMENORUS oBscURUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, V,
1827, 242; ibid. II, 307.
Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Pale reddish to blackish-brown, shining,
sparsely clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence; antenne, legs and abdo-
men reddish-brown. Eyes separated by about their own width in both
sexes. Antenne with third joint equal to fourth in female, one-half as long
in male. Thorax one-half wider than long, almost semicircularly rounded
in front; disk rather finely, deeply and sparsely junctate, with faint im-
pressions each side and at middle near base. Elytra with sides almost
parallel; disk with rows of strongly impressed, small, rounded punctures;
intervals closely punctate in female, more sparsely so in male. Length
6-7 mm.
Hamilton, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. May 30—June 27.
Taken on leaves of thorn and beneath logs.
2360 (10,657). IlyMENORUS DISCRETUS Casey, Alm. N.Y. Aead. Sci. VIL
1SM1, 105.
Oblong-subparallel. Piceous black, feebly shining: antenme, legs and
apical portion of abdomen reddish-brown ; pubescence rather coarse, sparse
and semi-erect. Eyes of male sepurated by less than one-fourth their width ;
of female by two-fifths their width. Autenne notably stout. two-fifths as
long as body. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, the apex broadly curved
and continuous with the sides; widest one-third from bare, broadly flat-
tened near hind angles, which are obtuse: surface coarsely and densely
punctate, faintly impressed each side near buse. Elytra equal in width to
thorax, sides parallel in basal two-thirds; surface with feebly impressed
rows of rather small punctures; intervals finely and sparsely punctate.
Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. June 2—July 2. Sev-
eral specimens were taken from an old coat lying on the ground in
the back yard of a city residence, by Philip Baker.
1276 FAMILY LVI.—-CISTELIDA.
2361 (7598). Ilymenorus pensus Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1806, 188.
Blongate-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown ; tarsi and two or three
basal joints of antenne paler; pubescence short, coarse, pale and con-
spicuous. Antennze one-third the length of body, the third joint slender,
slightly longer than fourth. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides straight
to beyond middle, thence rounded into apex, hind angles rectangular; sur-
face finely and very densely punctate, without basal impressions. Elytra
slightly wider at base than thorax, widest at middle; disk with feebly im-
pressed rows of small, rather close-set punctures; intervals very finely and
densely punctulate.
Vigo County; rare. June 12. Taken from fungus on beech
tree. One also in Webster collection.
Ill. Cisrena Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘‘a little box.’’)
Rather broadly oval or oblong beetles having
4 pot Se the antenne more or less compressed and ser-
aNvAN aN rate, with the third joint very short in both
sexes; fourth joint of maxillary palpi slender,
aoe st (ta triangular; pubescence dense, short and incon-
Westwoad) spicuous. (ig. 566.) Two of the six recog-
nized species occur in the State.
2362 (7602). CrsTeLA BREVIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, $24.
269; ibid. II, 158.
Elliptical or broadly oval, convex. Head, thorax and under surface
black; antennze and legs pale reddish-brown, the former dusky toward tip;
elytra usually fulvous or tawny, sometimes black. Head with a lengthwise
groove. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, apex truncate, one-half as wide
as base, the latter broadly and strongly bisinuate. hind angles acute; disk
finely and densely punctate. Hlytra finely but deeply striate, the strise with
fine, close-set punctures; intervals subconvex. densely and minutely punc-
tate. Males with the front tarsi compressed, the fifth joint strongly bent
and thickened at base. Lengtb 7.5-9 mm.
Throughout the State; searve. May 10-June 3. Occurs on
flowers of wild hydrangea, linden, ete. All four specimens in the
collection have pale elytra, though the ones with black elytra are
said to be usually the more common.
2363 (7627). CISTELA AMasNA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Soi. LL TS24:
269; ibid. II, 15s.
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, shining; thorax and under surface
pale reddish-yeHow. Head with a transverse impressed line hetween the
antenne. Thorax short, transverse, more than twice as wide as long, the
apex broadly rounded into the sides, hind angles rectangular; disk finely
and rather sparsely punctate, more or less flattened on the sides and with
a feeble impression each side and at middle near base. Elytra at middle
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1277
distinctly wider than thorax, sides subparallel; surface with rather deeply
impressed rows of close-set punctures; intervals nearly fiat, finely and
densely punctate. Male with stouter antenne and with last ventral segment
deeply excavated. Length 6-7.5 mm.
Marion, Hancock and Putnam counties; rare. May 30-July 15.
Occurs beneath bark. One of the three specimens has the legs
wholly reddish-yellow. In the other two the front and middle fem-
ora and tibie are piccous.
IV Isomma Muls. 1856. (Gr., ‘alike + part.’’)
Rather small, oval brownish species, having the antenne slender
and filiform, the third joint usually nearly equal to fourth. Of the
thirteen species recognized from the United States the following
have been taken or should occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ISOMIRA.
a. Above bicolored; head and elytra piceous-black, thorax reddish-brown.
RUFICOLLIS.
ac. Color above uniform or nearly so.
b. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi long and slender; elytral punctuation
and pubescence exceedingly dense; color pale ochreous yellow
throughout. 2364. SERICEA.
bb. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi robust. the outer side but slightly
longer than apex.
e, Elytra without impressed lines on basal half, their punctuation
sparse; third and fourth antennal joints equal in the sexes, or
the third slightly longer than the fourth.
d. Eyes small, separated by three times their width; length 6-
6.5 mm. 2365. QUADRISTRIATA,
dd. yes large. coarsely yvranulated, separated by less than twice
their width; length 7 mm. 2366. SIMILIS.
cc, Elytra with fine but distinct impressed lines throughout the full
length, their punctuation dense; third antennal joint one-fourth
shorter than fourth. 2367. OBLONGULA.
I. vuficollis Ham., length 4.2-5.2 mm., is known from near Alle-
gheny, Pennsylvania, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
2364 (7607). Isomrra sSERICEA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1824,
270; ibid. IT, 159.
Elongate-oval. Pale brownish-yellow throughout, feebly shining; clothed
with fine, dense and short pubescence. Antenne two-thirds as long as body,
the third and fourth joints equal. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides
straight and parallel to middle, thence rounded to apex, which is truncate
and one-half the width of base; surface, as well as that of elytra, densely
and finely punctured. Elytra with two or three feebly impressed strise near
the suture, these more strongly marked near apex. Length 5-5.5 mn.
Throughout the State; common. May 11-September 12. Oc-
curs on flowers of Jersey tea, wild hydrangea, etc.
1278 FAMILY LVI.—-CISTELID.©,
235 (7609). ISOMIRA QUADRISTRIATA Coup., Can. Naturalist, 1865, 62.
Rather broadly oval, comvex, feebly shining.
Dark reddish-brown to piceous, the head and
thorax sometimes almest black; antennze and
tibim usually paler, the former one-half the
length of body. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, sides rounded on basal half, converging
toward apex, which is two-thirds as wide as
base; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytre
at middle one-fourth wider than thorax; surface
finely and sparsely but distinctly punctate, each
with two strive plainly visible only on apical half
near the suture. Length 5-6.5 mm. (ig. 567.)
Throughout the State; much more com-
mon in the northern counties, where it
occurs aboundantly on huckleberry and other shrubs along the
borders of marshes. May 11-.August 15. The last joint of the max-
ilary palpi is much more broadly triangular than in sericea.
Vig 567. 7. (Original )
2a06 > (——). TsomIRa SIMILIS sp. hov.
Klongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining; antennie
and legs paler; pubescence fine, short, yellowish, rather dense. Tead small,
less than half the widtir of thorax, finely and densely punctate. Antenne
slender, one-half the length of body; second joint one-fourth the length of
third, the latter a little longer than fourth. Thorax twice as wide as long.
strongly narrowed from base to apex; sides evenly rounded, base bisinuate.
hind angles rectangular; surface finely and densely punctate and with a
fine impressed median line on basal third. Elytra at base but slightly
wider than thorax; surface finely and rather sparsely punctate, the sutural
strie extending three-fourths to base, the others evident only near apex.
Prosternum densely and roughly punctate; abdomen finely and rather close-
ly punctate, Length 7 mm.
Posey County; rare. July 9. The larger size and much larger
eyes easily distinguish it from 4-striata.
2367 (10,693). Isomira OBLONGULA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei... VI, 1891,
151.
Ilongate-oblong, subparallel. Uniform dark reddish-brown to piceous,
clothed with short, dense, pale pubescence. Thorax three-fourths wider
than long, sides nearly straight except on apical fourth, where they are
rounded into the apex, hind angles obtuse; surface finely and very densely
punctate, with a wide but feeble impression each side near base. Elytra
four times as long as thorax ; disk finely and densely punctate and with dis-
tinct. but slightly impressed strim, without rows of punctures. Length 6.7-
7.2 mm.
4 ‘ esi nye ae e . a i
Starke, Tippecanoe and Orange counties; scaree. June 1—June
21. Beaten from oak.
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1279
V Mycerociarss Latr. 1829. ( Gr., ‘‘fungus + to delight in.)
Small oblong brownish species, usually having the humeri of
elytra dull red, and the last joint of maxillary palpi a robust right-
angled triangle. They feed on fungi and occur beneath bark. The
outer covering is very brittle, breaking easily when handled. Casey
recognized 22 species, seven of which have been taken in the State.
while several others doubtless occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCETOCHARES.
a. Front cox separated by a distinct prosternal spine.
6, Elytra each with a pale reddish spot on humerus or near base.
ec. Wlytra without distinct rows of punctures; thorax as wide or near-
ly as wide as the base of elytra.
d. yes small, separated by two to four times their width.
ce. Pubescence very short, sparse and inconspicuous; form nar-
row and convex; two striz evident near the suture.
2368. HALDEMANI.
ce. Pubescence normal; form broader and more depressed ; sutural
strie very faint. 2369. FRATERNA.
dd. Myes very large, separated by less than their own width; elytral
lines impressed on inner half. 2370. MEGALOPS.
cc, Klytra with distinct rows of rather large punctures; thorax at
base narrower than the elytra.
f. Elytva twice as loug as wide; thorax with three basal impres-
sions. 2371. FOVEATA.
ff. Flytra distinctly more than twice as long as wide; thorax with
two basal impressions. 2372. ‘TENUIS.
bb. Elytra without pale humeral spot.
g. Thorax much narrower than elytra, but slightly wider than head,
sparsely punctate. GRACILIS.
gg. Thorax scarcely narrower than elytra, much wider than head,
coarsely and densely punctate. RUFIPES.
aa. Frout coxee contiguous or separated by a very thin prosternal spine.
h, Elytra with a red humeral spot.
i. Thorax narrowly and abruptly flattened at the sides. MARGINATA,
ii. Thorax not flattened at the sides.
}. yes rather small, separated by twice their width; thorax equal
in width to elytra. 20. RINOTATA,
ji. Hyes larger, separated by slightly more than their width; tho-
rax narrower than elytra. 2374. LONGULA.
hh. Elytra without humeral red spot; thorax coarsely, rather densely
punctured.
hk. Fxyes separated by at least twice their width; color piceous-brown
to black.
7. Thorax not flattened at the sides; antenne, legs and under sur-
face reddish-brown, the last two ventral segments paler.
ANALIS.
[S1—23402] uo
1280 FAMILY LVL—-CISTELID.E.
ll. Therax flattened on the sides near base: under surface piceous,
the anal segments not darker. LUGUBRIS.
kk. yes much larger. separated by not more than their width; color
pale brownish-yellow, head and thorax darker. HORNI.
YBU0S (7615). MYcETGCHARES HALDEMANI Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I,
1NG6. 140. os ;
Oblong, subparallel, convex. Blackish-piceous. strongly shining; elytra
each with a large oblique reddish spot extending from near the suture to
humerus: tibiee, tarsi and basal portion of antennie reddish-yellow. Eves
small, separated by four times their width. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, convex, sides strongly rounded; surface. ax well as that of elytra.
very finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra parallel to basal third, thence
rather acutely narrowed to apex. Length +45 min.
Marion, Vermillion. Dubois and Perry counties; rare. May 23-
June ll. Our smallest form, easily recvenized hy its almost smooth,
polished surface.
2560 (7610). MyCETOCHARES FRATERNA Sav. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
ITT, 1823. 270% ibid. TT, 159.
Elougate-oblong, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous-black, shining; an-
tenme, palpi and tarsi reddish-brown; elytra with an oblique, pale yellowish
spot on basal third; pubescence fine, short and sparse. Eyes separated by
a little more than twice their width. Thorax twice ax wide as long. as
wide or slightly wider than base of elytra, sides br nudly curved; surface
rather finely and sparsely punctate, with a broad. distinct impression on
middle near base, and a niure feeble one each side. Elytra rather finely
and unevenly punctured. with one or two vague strive wear the suture.
Length 4.5-5.5 mm.
Marien. Putnam and Dubois counties: rare, March 23—June 29.
L870 (10.679). MyCETOCHARES MEGALOUS Casey. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. VI,
PSO1, 12h,
Elongate-cblong, subparailel. sube uvex. Black, shining: under sur-
face piceous: legs and aptenne dark reddish-brown, the latter paler at
base. Eyes as described in key. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long:
sides nearly straight and subparallel on basal third. thence broadly rounded
to apex: disk fively and sparsely punctate, the impressions more feeble than
in fraterna. Elytra equal in width to thorax, parallel to apical third, thence
chtusely rounded to tips: surface sparsely and rather roughly punctate. the
strice evident on inner half. obsolete or hearly so on sides. Length 4.5 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Marion counties: rare. May 22—June 19.
One taken from an old evat in the hack yard of a city residence by
P Baker; also bred from willow. The larger eves and less strongly
rounded sides of thorax distinguish this from fratcrna, which it
otherwise very much resembles.
TUE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEFTLES. 1281
23T1 (7617). Mycrrocrakes roveata Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col, I, 1866,
140.
Elongate, suboval. Dark veddish-brown
to piceous, shining: antenme and legs red-
dish-yellow ; elytra with a small, pale reddish
spot on humeri; pubescence short, fine. sparse
and semi-erect. Eyes small, separated by near-
ly four times their width. Thorax one-third
wider than long; sides strongly reunded at
middle, thence converging to apex. hind an-
gles rectangular: disk distinctly sloping on
sides toward front angles, finely, deeply and
sparsely punctate; basil impressions on sides
deep, rounded. the one at middle linear, more
shallow. Elytra with feebly impressed rows
of rather coarse. close-set punctures; inter- 4
vals each with a single row of very fine punc- Fig. 568. X 7. (Original.)
tures. Length 5-G mm. (Fig. 408.)
Throughout the State; frequent. April 25-July 24. Oveurs
especially beneath the bark of maple and walnut.
2AT2 (VG1IS). MycreTrocHARES TENUTIS Lee., New Sp. N. Amer, Col, I, 1866,
140,
Elongate, slender, parcel DPiceous-black, shining: legs and base of
antenne pale reddish-vellow ; elytra each with a small reddish spot near
humerus; pubescence fine, short and inconspicuous. Eyes rather large, sep-
arated by two-thirds more than their width. Thorax one-fourth wider than
head. about one-third wider than long, sides parallel and straight on basal
two-thirds. thence rounded to apex; disk rather coarsely but sparsely pune-
tate and with a deep impression each side near base. Elytra more than
half as wide again as thaurax: surface with rows of feebly impressed, rather
fine punctures; intervais each with an irregular row of punctures almost
as large as those of strimw. Length 5.5-G mim.
Marion, Monroe and Posey counties; scarce. May 1-May 30.
This species and forrala are often found together heneath bark.
They run very rapidly when uncovered and attempt to hide in any
dust or other debris which is present.
M. gracilis Lee.. black, shining, lees black, length 5.5 mm., is
known from Michigan and Ohio: WV. rufipes Lee., dark piceous-
brown, legs vellow, lenyth 4.5 mm., is reeorded from New York and
near Cincinnati. VW. marginata Lee., color and size of gracilis, was
deseribed from Michigan.
PATS (T6244). MYCETOCHARES BINOTATA Sas. Long's Pixped.. T1, 14, 284+
ibid. I, 1S).
Elongate-oblong, parallel, moderately convex. VPiceous black, shining ;
two basal joints of antenme. tibire and tarsi paler. Elytra each with a
large, rounded, pele reddish spot. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
1283) FAMILY LVI.—-CISTELID.©.
sides almost straight on basal third, thence rounded and converging to apex,
which is two-thirds as wide as base; disk rather coarsely, deeply and sparse-
ly punctate, with a short impressed line at middle of hase and a rounded,
shallow foven each side. Elytra parallel to apical third, thence rounded to
tips; surface with feebly impressed rows of rather coarse, close-set punc-
tures which become obsolete near apex; intervals finely, sparsely and irregu-
larly punctate. Length 6.8-7.5 mm.
Laporte and Koscinsko counties; rare. June 22-July 1. Taken
by Dury at Cincinnati. Probably occurs throughout the State.
Our largest species; readily separated from those preceding hy the
prominent and contiguous front coxe.
2374 (7625). MycETOCHARES LONGULA Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII,
1878, 618.
Elongate, parallel. Color as in binotata; pubescence fine, rather long
and sparse. Antenne stout, two-fifths as long as body. Eyes much larger
than in the preceding, separated by less than their width. Thorax distinctly
narrower than elytra, about one-half wider than long, broadly rounded on
sides; disk strongly sloping on sides in front, rather coarsely and somewhat
densely punctate and with a median and two small lateral impressions near
base. Elytra with feebly impressed rows of small punctures; intervals
finely punctate. Length 5.5-6 mm.
Steuben County; rare. May 22. The more narrow, elongate
body, larger eyes, stouter siifeumas and narrower thorax, with more
sloping sides, at once distinguish this from binotata. Known here-
tofore only from Detroit, Michigan.
JV. analis Lec., length 6.8-7.6 mm., is recorded from New Jersey
and Michigan; WV. lugubiis Lee., length 6.4-7 mm., is known from
New York and Kansas; VW. horni Dury, length 7.8 mm., was de-
seribed from Cincinnati.
VI. Capnocrroa Lev. 1862. (Gr., ‘smoke + color.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States, includ-
ing Indiana, by a single rather large brown species, having the an-
tenne elongate, compressed and filiform, the third joint longer than
the second and one-half the length of fourth.
2375 (7628). CAPNOCHROA FULIGINOSA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1846, 59.
Llongate-elliptical. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous ; antenme and tarsi
paler; pubescence very short, rather dense on thorax, sparse elsewhere.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long; sides parallel and early straight on
basal half, thenee curved and strongly converging to apex, which is trun-
cate and less than one-half as wide as base; hind angles rectangular; sur-
fice finely and densely punctate and with a emnatl impression each side near
THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 1283
base, Elytra slightly wider than thorax. very gradually subacute on apical
third; disk with deeply impressed rows of rather fine, close-set punctures;
intervals convex, minutely and rather densely punctate. Length 10-12 mm.
Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; rare. June 8—July 16. Oc-
curs usually on bushes and twigs and probably to be found spar-
ingly throughout the State.
VIT. Anprocutrus Lee. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘a male +hand.’’)
Medium-sized black or brown species, having the legs and an-
tenn long and slender; terminal joint of maxillary palpi slender,
triangular, its very oblique apex almost as long as the outer side;
hind angles of thorax, especially those of female, acute and much
prolonged backwards. One of the two recognized species hasbeen
taken in the State, while the other may occur.
KEY TO SPECIES OF ANDROCHIRUS.
a. Deep black; femora reddish-brown, the tibize and tarsi piceous.
FEMORATUS.
aa. Grayish-black ; legs pale reddish-yellow throughout.
2376. ERYTHROPUS.
A. femoratus Oliv., length 9-10 mm., is a southern species which
has been recorded from Cincinnati.
2376 (7631). ANDROCHIRUS ERYTHROPUS Nirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837.
239.
Elongate-oval, strongly convex. Color
given in key; not shining; pubescence very
short and dense. [Eyes small, separated by
one-half more than their own width. Third
antennal joint twice as long as second, three-
fifths as long as fourth. Thorax one-half
wider than the median length; sides converg-
ing from base to apex; disk very finely, deep-
ly and densely punctate without basal im-
pression; base strongly and broadly bisin-
uate. Elytra eyual in width to thorax; sides
parallel and nearly straight to middle, thence
narrowing to a subacute apex; disk finely
and deeply striate, the strive finely punctate;
intervals convex, minutely and densely punc-
tate. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 569.)
Throughout the State; scarce. May
sJuly 13. Occurs on stumps and
bushes, usually in moist places. A. fuscipes Melsh. is said by Casey
to be a synonym of erythropus.
Fig. 569. x 4 (Original.)
1284 PAMILY LVIIl.—LAGRITID.¥.
Family LVII. LAGRITD%.
Tue Lacrup Bark BEETLES.
This family comprises a few elongate, slender heetles, having
the thorax subcylindrical, narrower than elytra and the color more
or less brassy or bronzed. From the Tenebrionide, to which they
are closely related, they are separated only by having the front
coxe much more prominent and the next to last joint of tarsi
dilated and spongy beneath. They oecur beneath bark and on
leaves, the larvee feeding freely on foliage and being much less retir-
ing in habits than those of the Tenebrios.
In addition to the characters mentioned, the Lagriidz have the
head prominent, horizontal and more or less constricted behind the
eyes, which are transverse, emarginate and rather coarsely granu-
late; antenne 11-jointed, nearly filiform and inserted under very
small, oblique frontal ridges, the terminal joint as long as the three
to five preceding together; front coxal cavities closed behind; ely-
tra rounded at tips, covering the abdomen, which, in our genera,
has six ventral segments visible; legs slender, the next to the last
joint of all the tarsi dilated, emarginate and clothed beneath with
a dense bunch of hairs; tarsal claws simple. But eight species of
the family are recognized from the United States. These are dis-
tributed among two genera and are treated in the single paper:
Horn. —‘‘ Miscellaneous Coleopterous Studies—Lagriide,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XV, 1888, 28-32.
KEY TO THE GENERA OF LAGRIIDAS.
a. Head not constricted to a neck; elytra very coarsely punctate, without
definite strive; eyes transverse, reniform, not prominent.
I. ARTHROMACRA.
ada, Head constricted behind the eyes; elytra distinctly striate; eyes large,
convex and prominent. II. STatrra.
I, ArTHROMACRA Kirby. 1837. (Gr., ‘fa joint + long.’’)
This genus, sufficiently characterized in the key, is represented
in the State by two species.
2377 (7637). ARTHROMACRA ENTA Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1824, 287; ibid.
TI, 191.
Ilongate, slender. Body beneath and legs dark bronze; surface above
brilliant metallic blue, green, cupreous or dark bronze; antennse reddish-
brown, the terminal joint usually darker; tarsi pale. Thorax eylindrical,
one-third lounger than wide, without side margins or angles; surface, as well
as that of head, coarsely and rather closely punctate. Elytra parallel on
basal half, then feebly but distinctly widened to apex; surface coarsely,
closely and rugosely punetate. with vague strie only on apienl third. T
_ angth
9.5-13.5 min.
THE LAGkKIID BARK BEETLES. 1285
Throughout the State; scaree. June 11-Octoher 12. Beaten
from foliage of shrubs and trees, usnally along the borders of
marshes,
2378S (——). ARTHROMACRA GLABRICOLLIS sp.
nov.
More slender and parallel, the elytra not
at all widened on apical half. Metallie cu-
preous or picevus, legs and antenne paler.
Head finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax
more slender, less convex on sides, longer in
proportion to its width than in wnea; sur-
face almost smooth, highly polished. Elytra
each with four or five evident but indistinct
cost extending from apex almost to base;
intervals rather coarsely and not densely
punctate. Length 10-13 mm. (Fig. 570.)
Posey County. June 4. Described
from five specimens. The almost smooth
thorax and much less roughly punctate
elytra readily distinguish this from
(ened,
Fig. 570. - (Original.)
II. Svatira Serv. 1825. (Gr., ‘‘a Jewish coin.’’)
Tlorn recognizes seven species as belonging to this genus, but
some of them run very close together. Our two species have the
tibiz rounded, not sulvate on the outer edges and the first interval
without setigerous punctures.
2379 (7639). STATIRA RESPLENDENS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1845, 311.
Elongate, slender. Dark brownish-yellow to picevus, shining; thorax
and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra with a feeble brcnzed lustre. Antenne half
the length of body. Thorax subcylindrical. one-fourth longer than wide,
sides finely margined, feebly curved, hind angles very small, acute; surface
minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, deeply
striate, the striz finely and closely but not crenately punctate; intervals
feebly convex, almost smeoth, the third and fifth with a few sete-bearing
punctures. Length 7-S mm.
Putnam, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. May 25-July 9.
Beaten froin the flowers of linden and foliage of shrubs.
2380 (T6400). SvTaTIRA GAGATINA Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, IT, 1845,
311.
Form of the preceding. Uniform piceous, silining; antennze and tarsi
reddish-brown ; elytra with faint metallic lustre. ‘Thorax about as wide as
long, more sinuate behind the middle than in resplendens, surface very finely
1286 FAMILY LVIII.—MELANDRYID®.
alutaceous, almost smooth or with a few punctures near the base. Elytra
as in resplendens. Length 6.5-8 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 24-July 10.
Beaten from oak and other foliage.
Family LVIil. MELANDRYID.-E.
Tue MELANDRYID Bark BEETLES.
This group comprises about 70 known North American species,
varying much in form and size, though usually elongate and loosely
jointed, with the thorax margined at sides, broad behind and often
marked with two basal impressions. They occur beneath bark or
in dry fungi and are black or brown in color, often thickly clothed
with fine silken hair, only a few species being marked with paler
spots or bars. The larve are slender, cylindrical in form and occur
in the same places as the adults. The name is derived from that of
the typical genus Melandrya, meaning ‘‘black + oak or tree,’’ and
was so called because the insects live chiefly under the bark of trevs.
In addition to the characters above mentioned, the Melandryidz
have the maxillary palpi 4-jointed, usually long, more or less en-
larged in the form of saw-teeth, the last joint being the longest and
hatchet-shaped; head usually defexed, rarely constricted behind the
eyes, the latter emarginate or entire and rather coarsely granu-
lated; antenne 11-jointed, usually filiform; thorax in most genera
as wide behind as the base of elytra, which are rounded at tips and
cover the abdomen, the latter with five free ventral segments; front
coxe large, oval, the cavities open behind; middle coxe with dis-
tinct trochantins; hind coxw contiguous or nearly so; first joint of
hind tarsi always much elongated; tarsal claws variable in the
tribes.
No paper dealing with the North American species of the family
as a whole has been published, only isolated genera having been
treated from time to time. These, as far as known to me, are as
follows :
LcConte.— ‘Synoptic Table of Hallomenns,’’ in Proce. Amer.
Phil, Soc., XVII, 1878, 619.
Horn. — ‘Notes on the Myeteride and other Heteromera,’’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879. 336-339.
Horn.— ‘Miscellaneous Coleopterous Studies,’’ in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soe, XV, 1888, 32-44. Contains a table of the tribes
composing the family and synopses of several of the genera.
Case y— ‘Review of the Tribe Tetratomini,’’ in Journ. N, Y
Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900, 166-172,
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1287
Horn, in his latest paper above cited, divides the family into ten
tribes. Of these representatives of seven have been taken in In-
diana, while those of two others probably occur.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF MELANDRYIDZ.
a. Next to last joint of all the tarsi simple; front tarsi of males not di-
lated; thorax as wide at base as elytra.
». Antenne with last three or four joints suddenly larger, forming a
lwse, strongly developed club; length less than 6.5 mm.
Tribe I. TETRATOMINI, p. 1257.
bb. Antenne gradually thicker or filiform.
c. Front coxal cavities with an outer fissure or cleft.
d. Third joint of antennze as long as fourth and fifth together; form
broadly oval. Tribe II. PENTHINI. p. 128%.
dd. Third joint of antennie not much longer than fourth; form elon-
wate:
e. Front coxie not prominent, rather widely separated: species
strongly resembling Melanotus; length 10-11 mm.
Tribe ITI. Syncirrkoint, p. 1200.
ce. Front coxse moderately prominent and nearly ¢.ntiguous; color
piceous; length 6-8.51m. Tribe IV. Marzooryinr, p. 1291.
cc, Front coxal cavities without fissure; form oval or oblong, convex.
Tribe V. ORCHESIINI, p. 1291.
aa. Next to last joint of front and middle tarsi excavate and emarginate,
more or less lobed beneath; front tarsi cf males dilated.
f. Tarsal claws simple or very slightly broader at base; thorax as wide
at base as elytra.
g. Head not constricted behind. Tribe VI. MELANDRYINI, p. 1295.
«.g. Head suddenly constricted behind the eyes; small species, not over
5 mm. in length. Tribe VII. Sc Rapruini. p. 129.
ff. Tarsal claws with a broad tooth or lobe at base.
h. Middle coxal cavities open on the cuter side; head not prolonged ;
thorax as wide at base as elytra, its side margins entire, acute.
Tribe VIII. NotTarnt, p. 1301.
hh. Middle coxal cavities enclosed by the sterna; head more or less
prolonged in a beak; thorax not as wide at base as elytra. its
margin evident at base only. Tribe IX. Mycterinr, p. 1302.
Tribe I. TETRATOMINI.
This trihe comprises small, oval convex forms living in fungi
and having the last three or four joints of antenne much enlarged,
nearly equal in size and forming a loose club; tibial spurs small;
next to last tarsal joint not lobed, claws simple, coxe all separated
hy their respective sterna. Casey, locality cited, has divided the
tribe into five genera, three of which are represented in the State,
while a single species of another may occur.
1288 FAMILY LVIti—MELANDRYID.E.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TETRATOMINI.
a. Antennal club composed of four joints.
b. Margins of thorax not reflexed at sides; larger, 5-6 nun.
I. TETRATOMA.
bb. Margins of thorax rather broadly concave and reflexed, the edge un-
evenly crenulate; Jength less than 4+ min.
c¢. Basal segment of abdomen as long as the next two combined 5 color
above mottled, black and pale. IT, uerrera.
ce, Basal segment of abdomen Iut little Tonger than second; color
above blackish, not mottled but elytra with an indefinite, oblique
yellowish streak. INCOLIA,
aa. Antennal Club composed of three joints; eyes simatler, very short and
strongly transverse; length abeut 3 mm. III. VImsenus.
I. Terevrom, Fab. 1790. (Gr., ‘‘four + joints.’’)
This genus, as limited by Casey, contains two species, one of
which ocvenrs in the State.
PBS1 (7646). TerraroMA TRUNCORUM Lee. New Sp. NA. Col, I, 18606, 145,
Wlongate-oval, strongly convex. Thorax, legs and under surface red-
dish-yellow : head and antenme black; elytra steel bine. Antenne two-
fifths as long as body, the club as long as the basal portion. Thorax two-
thirds wider than long, sides rounded from base to apex, hind angles ob-
tuse; surface sparsely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate, the basal im-
pressions small, deep, rounded. Wlytra parallel to apical third, thence
rounded to apex; surface sparsely, irregularly and deeply punctate. Length
45-4 mm,
Southern half of State; scarce. Mareh 6-December 21. Occurs
in dry fungi and beneath hark of funeus-covered logs, more espe-
cially those of beech.
TT. Aperrunta Casey. 1900.
Small oblong-oval species having the margins of thorax wider
and more reflexed, its basal fovew larger, decp and less punctiform
than in Telrafoma; scutellum smaller and more quadrate; elytra
mottled instead of unicolorous as there; surface sparsely but. dis-
tinctly pubescent. Three nomiual species are recognized by Casey.
One of these is in the collection at hand, while another he deserihed
from the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ABSTRULIA,
«. Basal joint of hind tarsi very much shorter than last joint; yellow of
elytra greater in extent than the black. TESSELLATA,
ad. Basal joint scarcely shorter than the last: black of elyira much greater
in extent than the yellow. MACULATA,
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1289
2382 (7647). ABSTRULLA TESSELLATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IT,
1S44, 114.
Oblong-oval, convex. Viceous, feebly shining; antenne and legs dull
yellow; elytra each with about ten sinusus., more or less connected yellow-
ish spots, one of which is a reversed crescent or C close to suture on middle
third. Antenne scarcely as long as head apd thurax, the club distinctiy
shorter than stem. the third joint as long as the next two combined. Tho-
rax hearly twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, the base and aje«
cyual in width; surface deeply and rather coarsely and cle-ely punctate.
Elytra two-thirds longer than wide. more coarsely and sparsely purctate
than thorax. Length 3.5 om.
Laporte and Lawrence counties; rare. June 10-June 14. Oc-
curs on dcvaying twigs. Casev's type of A. maculata was from In-
diana—Levette collection—without definite locality. It is probably
of not more than varietal rank.
Incolia longipennis Casey, clongate, parallel, blackish, sides of
thorax and streak on elytra paler, length 3.8 mm., was described as
being doubtfully from Indiana.
TIT. Pisexvse Casey. 1900.
To this genus Casey ascribes two species, une being that usually
listed under the Mveetophagidy as Triphyllus himeralis Kirby.
The club of antenn is loosely three-jointed; thorax not flattened
at sides, the base broadly lobed at middle and as wide as the base of
elytra, s» that the sides of both form a continuous are: eyes small,
very short and strongly transverse.
2383 (3402). PISENCS HUMERALIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. IV, 1837, 112.
Elongate-oval, convex. Blackish-picecus. shin-
ing, sparsely clothed with short. silken. yellowish
hairs; legs and antenne dark reddish-brown ; hu-
meri of elytra obscure reddish, Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, sides feebly rounded ; sur-
face finely and rather densely punctate and witb
a feeble impression each side at base. Elvira three
times as long as thorax, more ¢ nursely and sparse-
ly punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. (Wig. 571.)
Throuchout the State; common on leathery
fungi, especially those growing on beech and
maple stumps. Probably hibernates as imago. March 10—-Novew-
Fig. 571 (Original.)
ber 9.
Tribe tf. DIENTAISE
This tribe is represented by the single genus:
1290 FAMILY LVIN.—MELANDRYID2.
VV. Penriuz Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘fin mourning.’’)
It comprises two medium-sized velvety-black, flattened oval spe.
cies, having the front coxal cavities widely open behind; antenn.
not thickening externally, the third joint as long as the fourth and
fifth together, joints 7 to 10 rounded, 11th a little longer and pale
at tip ; front coxe oval, not prominent, separated by the prosternum.
*2384 (7649). PENTHE OBLIQUATA Fab., Syst. Bleut., I, 1701, 162.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Velvety black, feebly shining; scutellum
covered with long, orange yellow hairs. Thorax more than twice as wide
as Jong, hind angles rectangular ; sides nearly parallel on basal half, thence
rounded to apex, base bisinuate; surface densely and finely granulate-pune-
tate and with a deep oblong impression each side near base. Elytra with
closely placed rows of deep, round punctures; intervals narrower than the
rows of punctures, densely granulate-punctate. Length 11.5-14 mm.
Throughout the State; common. April 12—-December 5. Occurs
on woody fungi and beneath bark of decaying wood.
*2585 (7650). Prewrue PprMEria Fah., Syst. Eleut., I, 1701, 40.
Readily known from the preceding by having the scutellum black, not
orange yellow. The thorax is slightly shorter and wider, its hind angles
much more acute and surface densely and more or less confluently pune-
tate without granules. Length 10-14 mm.
Throughout the State; more common than obliquata. February
23-December 8. Both species are gregarious in winter, and hiber-
nate beneath partly buried logs, especially those of beech in open
upland woods.
Tribe TIT. SYNCHROINI.
To this tribe, as limited in the key, belongs the single genus
V. SyncHroa Newm. 1838. (Gr., “uniform in color.’’)
This in turn is represented in the eastern United States by a
single brown species having the head prominent and horizontal;
maxillary palpi moderate in length, but slightly dilated; antennw
long, slender and feebly serrate, the second joint one-third the
length of third, the latter slightly longer than fourth: tarsi filiform,
claws simple; tibial spurs lone.
2386 (7651). SyNcHROA PUNCTATA Newm., Entom. Mag., V. 1838. 278.
Elongate, slender. Dark brown, rather densely clothed with ash-gray
pubescence; antenne, tibise and tarsi paler. Thorax one-half wider at base
than long. sides nearly straight, converging from base to apex; hind an-
gles subacute; surface finely and rather sparsely punctate and with a deep
impression each side near base. Klytra with a sutural groove on apical
third; surface finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate. Length 10-11 mm.
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1291
Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-July 31. Occurs be-
neath bark and on dead limbs. The prosternum is prolonged nearly
as much as in the click beetles of the genus Melanotus, some of
which it closely resembles. However, the cavity in the mesosternum
is much more shallow.
Tribe IV. MALLODRYINI.
This tribe is also represented hy the single genus Jallodrya
Horn, formed for a ‘‘rather inconspicuous species, I. subenea
Horn, resembling a depressed Velundrya or an Emmesa, from
which it differs by the slender tarsi, the penultimate joint not being
excavate-emarginate and the front tarsi not dilated in the males.”’
It is oblong, piceous, with faint eneous surface lustre, and 6 to 8.5
mm. in length. The types were taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
who found them rather abundant on the branches of dead honev-
locust. It probably oceurs in the southeastern part of Indiana, but
no specimen has been seen from the State.
Tribe V. ORCHESIINI.
Rather small oval, convex forms. having the head vertically de-
flexed; antenne 11-jointed, the joints gradually thickened, except
in VMicroscapha, where they end in a distinct club; front coxe oval,
separated by the prosternum; tarsi filiform, claws simple. Four of
the five genera, recognized hy Horn as composing the tribe, are
known to be represented in the State, while the single species of the
other may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ORCHESIINI.
a. Spurs of hind tibic small or moderate, not serrate, but often with trans-
verse ridges.
b. Hind coxze not oblique; form oval.
ce. Elytra with rows of moderate or coarse punctures; prostern-m
narrowing to a point and not prolonged behind the cox:e.
VI. Eusrroputs.
ve. Elytra finely and irregularly punctured; prosternum prolonged be-
hind the coxw and separating them, the apex slightly broader.
VII. Horostroputs.
bb. Hind cox eblique: form oblong-oval; length less than 5 mm.
VIII. HALLoMENts.
aw Spurs of hind tibize large, the inner one very long. pectinate.
d. Second antennal joint normal. IX. ORCIIESLA,
dd. Second antennal joint thickened; antenne strongly clavate.
Microscarua.
1292 FAMILY 1VIEL—MELANDRYIN.,.
VI. Eusrropuus Ill. 1807. (Gr., ‘well + twisted.’’)
Black or brown, oval, strongly convex speries, separated from
those of allied genera only by the characters above given. Six spe-
cies are recognized, three of which have heen taken in the State,
while two others may oecur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECI£S OF EUSTROPITUS.
a. yes narrowly separated, sometimes almost contiguous on the front.
vb. Middle and hind tibise with distinct transverse ridges on their outer
edge; under surface and legs reddish-brown.
c. Form distinctly narrowed behind the middle; thorax wholly black.
2387. BICOLOR.
cc, Form much Jess narrowed behind the middle; thorax with a brown
marginal band on sides and front. BRUNNEIMARGINATUS,
bb. Middle and hind tibise without transverse ridges; under surface and
legs piceous. 2ZOSS. REPANDUS,
ad. yes widely separated on the front; form very little narrowed behind
the middle.
d. Piceous black; thorax beneath shining, closely but not roughly punc-
tured. CONFINIS.
dd. Brown; thorax beneath densely and roughly granulate-punctate.
2389. TOMENTOSUS.
#2587 (7679). Etsrrorius picotor Fab., Ent. Syst.. J, 1798, 497.
Oval, convex, distinctly narrowed behind. Black, shining, sparsely pu-
bescent; abdomen and legs reddish-brown; antenme black, four basal joints
reddish, terminal joint wholly reddish-yellow. Thorax finely and closely
punctured, the basal impressions vague. Elytra with rows of feebly im-
pressed, rather coarse punctures which become finer towards apex; inter-
vals flat, closely punctate. Length 5-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. January 19-September 20.
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of Fungus-covered logs. In two
specimens from Tippecanoe County the under side of abdomen and
femora are wholly black, but otherwise I can note no differences of
importance,
E, brunneimarginalus Dury, black, head rufous, thorax and ely-
tra each margined with brown, length 3.7-4.8 mm., was deseribed
from near Cincinnati.
2588 (10,710), EusrropHus REPANDUS Horn, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. XV,
INSS8, 33.
Differs from bicolor by characters given in key. ‘The antennwe are
darker, with only the apical half of terminal joint pale. Punctures of ely-
tral rows much finer on apienl third. Length 6-7 mm.
Throughout the State; common. Mareh 26—-Novemher 17. Oc
curs with the preceding, more commonly on funei, and like it prob-
ably hibernates as imago.
E. confinis Lee., length 6 mm., is known from Canada, Wisconsin
and Nebraska.
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1293
eeaSO (7TUS1). EtGsTRoPHUS TOMENTOSUS Say, Journ. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci.
Y, US2h, 2h52 Tid. TL, 305,
Oval, moderately convex, cyually obtuse before and behind. Brown,
feebly shining, rather thickly clothed with short yellowish pubescence; an-
tennze, under surface and legs reddish-brown. Eyes separated in front by
a distance one-fourth greater than their own width. Thorax rather closely
and finely punctate, the basal impressions very faint. Elytra with rows
of fine punctures. which become much smaller near apex; intervals densely
and somewhat roughly punctate. Middle and hind tibi:ze with ridges as in
bicolor, TLeneth 45-5 min.
Southern two-thirds of State. frequent; probably throughout.
February 6-September 13. Imagoes just emerging were taken on
the later date. Oveuis bencath bark and in dry fungi. Hibernates
in small nuinbers beneath deeply buried logs.
VIL. Wotosrropivus Horn. I8ss. (Gr, ‘‘entire + nourished”’;
1. e., well-fed.)
Small oval species which, besides the characters given in key,
have the eves very widely separated, scarcely emarginate in front;
last joint of maxillary palpi oval, obliquely truncate: fourth joint
of antennx not shorter than fifth. One of the three known species
occurs in the State.
2200 €TGSU). TIOLOSTROPHUS BIFASCIATUS Bay, Long's Fxped., IT, 1824. 282;
ibid. I, 186.
Oval, convex, distinctly narrowed behind middle. Reddish-brown, shin-
ing. clothed with short, reddish pubescence; elytra piceous, with a broad,
yellowish band on basal and another on apical third. these interrupted at
suture: antenne pale reddish-brown. Thorax finely and closely punctate,
the basal impressions short and linear. Elytra finely, densely and irregu-
larly punctate. Length 45.5 inm.
Throughout the State: frequent. April 7-Octoher 9. Occurs in
and beneath rotten logs and in dry fungi in dense woods. Ranges
from Massachusctts to Virginia and Tennessee.
VIII. Hattowenvs Panz. 1793. (Gr., ‘‘to leap.’’)
Small elongate or oblong species having the spurs of hind tibie
moderate in size and the hind cox oblique. Two of the four recog-
nized species oceur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HALLOMENTS.
uw. Piceous or dark reddish-brown; antenne, legs and base of elytra dull
brownish-vellow: length 4-4.5 mim. ROT, SCAPULARIS.
aa. Pale brown; head fuscous; smaller, 3 mim. PBO2. DEBILIS.
1294 FAMILY LVIUI.—MELANDRYID.E.
2391 (7683). HALLOMENUS SCAPULARIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
IIT, 1846, 57.
Oblong-vvate, subconvex. Color given in key; sparsely pubescent with
yellowish hairs. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides parallel on basal
third, thence rounded to apex; surface finely and densely granulate-punc-
tate, with a deep impression each side near base. Elytra more sparsely and
less roughly punctate than thorax. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Marshall, Wells and Vigo counties; searcve. May 19-October 23.
Occurs on fungi, especially Polyporus sulphurcus Fy.
2392 (7686). HaLLomMeNus pepinis Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col, I, 1866, 152.
Oblong. Dull brownish-yellow, pubescence paler. Antenne stout, slightly
longer than the head and thorax, third joint much longer than the second
and fourth together; the joints more closely united than in scapularis. Tho-
rax and elytra more densely punctate than there, the basal impressions of
the former smaller. Length 8 mm.
Putnam County; rare. August 12. Ovcurs beneath logs and on
fune?.
IX. Orcuest, Lat. 1807. (Gr., ‘‘a dancer.’’)
Sinall elongate, convex species having the spurs of the middle
and hind tibix finely pectinate on their inner or lower edge. Our
species are chestnut-brown in color and have the eyes rather close
together on the front. Two of the three species have been taken in
the Staté. When uncovered they leap and tumble in grotesque fash-
ion in their endeavors to escape.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ORCIIESIA.
a. Prosternum between the coxe very narrow and acute at Apex,
2595, CASTANEA
ad. Prosternum between the cox broader and parallel, the apex obtuse.
2504, GRACILIS.
2503 (TUST). ORCHESIA CASTANEA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1846, 57.
Elongate, convex. Uniform dark chestnut brown; antenne and legs
slightly paler; pubescence silky brown. Thorax one-third wider than long,
rather coarsely and densely punctured near the base, more finely in front,
the basal imipressious evident but shallow. Elytva punctured like the tho-
rax. Length 45 mm. 3
4 .
Southern half of State; frequent. May 4-November 9. Occurs
beneath chunks and in woody fungi,
2394 (7TGSS). ORCHESTA GRACILIS Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, IL,
S46, 57.
More slender than castunca and more narrowed behind the midille.
Punctures of thorax and elytra more coarse and rugose, the basal fmpres-
sions of former very vague, Length 3.5 -+ mm.
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1295
Kosciusko and Putnam counties; rare. March 20-June 22.
Sifted from dead leaves in low moist places. Ranges from Pennsyl-
vania to Louisiana.
Jficroscapha clavicornis Lec., oval, convex, black, shining, head,
base of antenne and front legs paler, length 2.8 mm., was described
from Tlinois and Georgia.
Tribe VI. MELANDRYINI.
The genera comprising this tribe, as at present limited, agree in
having the next to last joint of at least the front and middle tarsi
excavate beneath, emarginate and lobed; front tarsi of males di-
leted; front coxw contiguous; tarsal claws simple; thorax as wide at
base as elytra; head not constricted behind.
Representatives of the following genera are known to occur or
probably occur within the State:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MELANDRYINI.
uw. Front coxal cavities with an outer fissure or cleft.
»). Frontal suture (between front and clypeus) distinct; trochantins of
front cox distinct; length 7 or more mm.
¢. Elytra deeply striate; thorax with three grooves on basal half.
X. MELANDRYA.
ce. Elytra punctured, not at all striate; joints 2 and 3 of antenne to-
gether not longer than joint 4. XI. EMMESa.
bb. Frontal suture and trochantius of front coxe not visible.
d. Middle coxze contiguous; antenme slender; fourth joint of maxil-
lary palpi large, hatchet-shaped. XYLITA.
dd. Middle coxze separated by the mesosternum.
c. Maxillary palpi with fourth joint wider than the second and
third; pubescence prostrate.
f. Antenne thick, outer joints wider than long; last joint of max-
illary palpi hatchet-shaped. CAREBARA,
ff. Antenne slender; last joint of maxillary palpi elongate, cultri-
form or shaped like a pruning knife; length less than 4 mm.
A XII. SpPriorus.
cc, Maxillary palpi with fourth joint not wider than second and
third.
g. Maxillary palpi not serrate or serriform, the fourth joint elon-
gate; color uniform brown ; length more than 11 mm.
XIII. ENcHOopEs.
gg. Maxillary palpi more or less serrate or serriform, the last joint
elongate, cultriform; thorax elongate, its side margins ef-
faced in front, obsolete behind. MYSTAXUS.
aa. Front coxal cavities entirely closed on the outer side, i. @., without an
outer fissure or cleft.
g. Maxillary palpi with last joint cultriform or pruning-knife shaped ;
Jength 6 or more mim. XIV. PuHucotrya.
| S2-— 23402 |
1296 PAMILY LVIUI.—MELANDRYID.©.
gg. Maxillary palpi with last joint hatchet-shaped: length less than
4 mm.
h. Spurs of middle tibiie small, equal; second joint of antenne shorter
than third. XV. SyMPHORA.
th. Spurs of middle tibiw very unequal; third joint of antennz not
longer than second. ANISOXYA.
X. Mevanprya Fab, 1801. (Gr., ‘‘blaek + oak.’’)
hig and the next genus have the head inclined, never vertical;
suture between front and clypeus distinct; last joint of maxillary
palpi wider, hatchet-shaped : front cox conical, contiguous with
distinct trochantins; middle coxw contiguous. Af clandrya, the
typieal genus of the family, is represented in the United States and
Indiana hy one species.
f
9805 (7658). MIBLANDRYA STRIATA Say,
Long's Exped... IT, 1825,
eso; ibid. I, 10.
Flongate-oval. Black, shining ; termi-
nal joints of palpi and antennie reddish-
brown; pubescence very fine and spirse.
Thorax gradually narrowing from base to
apex, where it is but slightly wider than
the head; surface finely and sparsely punc-
: ‘ tate and with three wide, shallow grooves
on basal half, the middle one the longest.
Elytra gradually broader from base to
apex, widely and deeply striate ; intervals
convex, sparsely and irregularly punctate.
Length 7.5-15 mm. (Pig. 572.)
Throughout the State; common in
the southern countics, less so north-
ward. April 9-June 18. Occurs he-
neath bark.
Fig 572. (Original.)
NI. Emmesa Newm. 13838. (Gr., ‘‘intermediate.’’)
One of the two known United States species occurs in the State.
2396 (7655). IEMMESA LABIATA Say, Long's Exped., IT, 1823, 287; ibid. 1.
190.
Elongate, subparallel. Black, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent ;
labrum, terminal joints of palpi and tips of last joints of antennze reddish-
brown, Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly curved from base
to apex; disk finely and rather closely punetate and with a deep, wide,
oblique impression each side on basal half and a narrow one at middle.
a . ane. eat * 5
Ilytra closely and rather finely punctured, each with two or three indis-
tinct raised lines. Length 9-11 mim.
s THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1297
Marion and Crawford counties: rare. May 24-May 25. Occurs
on leaves of plants and shruhs.
Vylita levigata Uellw., black, basal half of elytra piceous or
rufo-piceous, length 5-7 mm., ranges from Maine to Lake Superior
and has been taken at Cincinnati.
Car bara longula Lve., elongate. depressed. piceous. length 6.5
mm., is said to occur rarely in the ‘* Middle States.”
NIT. Spinorus Lee. 1862. (Gr. “*spotted."’)
Tke meml evs of this and the next genus have the head inclined
or vertical, frental suture not distinct: front coxe conical, con-
tiguovs, without trochantins: middle cox not contiguous. Npi-
lotus is represented by a single species having the antenne some-
what thickened toward apex.
2307 (7GG21. SPILOTUs QUADRIPUSTULaTUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sei. TIT, 146, 57.
Elongate, slender. convex. Blackish-picecus. sparsely and finely pubes-
cent: tibike. tarsi and basul half cf antennze reddish-yeilow; elytra each
with two dull yellow sputs. cne lurve. oblique, near base, the other, smaller
and more rounded, on apicai third. Thorax one-half wider than long. sides
rounded. hind areles cltuse: disk finely and densely punctate and with a
faint impression each side near base. Elytra more sparsely punctate than
thorax. Length 3-3.5 mnt.
Kosciusko and Vigo ceuntics: rare. June 5—June 6. Beaten
from leaves of walnut.
XII Excropves Lee. 1566. (Gr., ‘‘lance —appearance.’’)
This genus is represented in the Middle and Western States by
one species.
23908 (7665). ENcHopES seRIcEA Hald.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Svi.. 1,
1849. 08, :
Elongate. slender. suldepressed. tapering behind. Uniform reddish- or
chestnut-briwn. rather densely cl-thed with very fine. prostrate. yellowish
pubescerce. Thorax about as wide as long. widest at middle: hind angles
acute. base bisinuate: disk very finely and densely punctate and with a
wide. triaugular impression each side near base. Elytra gradually but dix
tinctly tapering trem near base to apex. Det striate, finely and densely punc-
tate. Length 12-14.5 mm.
Vigo and Posey counties: rare. May 21-June 10. Taken from
beneath bark of the downy poplar, Populus heterophylla L.
Vystarcus simulator Newm. dull yellow, thorax and elytra
marked with black, length 7 mm., is known from Ohio and Canada.
1298 FAMILY LVIJI.—-MELANDRYID.©. .
XIV. Putcotrry, Steph. 1832. (Gr., ‘bark +to bore.’’)
This genus includes those species usually listed under Dircea.
They are of medium size, have the head vertical; prosternum short,
not separating front coxe; males with front tarsi rather widely
dilated and the last ventral segment truncate or emarginate. Two
of the seven species recognized by Horn have been taken in the
State and another perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHLGOTRYA.
«. Antenne slender, joints longer than wide; length 7 or more min.
b. Thorax shining, simply punctate; elytra each with two yellow spots
of irregular shape. 2399. QUADRIMACULATA.
vb. Thorax opaque, rugulose; elytra uniform brown or piceous.
2400. VAUDOUERT,
aa. Antenne with joints somewhat triangular, nearly as wide as long;
length 6 mm. CONCOLOR.
2399 (7669). PHLGOTRYA QUADRIMACULATA Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1823,
283; ibid. I, 187.
Elongate-oval, convex, narrower behind the middle. Dark reddish-
brown or piceous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent; antenne, palpi and
front margin of thorax pale; elytra each with a yellowish, irregular, H-
shaped spot on basal third and a very irregular one on apical third. Tho-
rax slightly wider than long, disk with sides strongly sloping. finely and
densely punctate. Elytra more sparsely punctured, the punctures on basal
half unequal and coarser than those near apex. Length 7.5-11 mm.
Lake, Putnam, Marion and Crawford counties: scarce. May 28-
July 15. Occurs on moss of beech and maple trees. Commonly
listed as Dircea liturata ec., Wat Say’s name has priority, as it
was thrown aside hy LeConte only on the ground that it had been
preoccupied under Serropalpus.
2400 (7671). Paiacorrya vAUDOUERT Muls., Col. Fr. Barhip, 79.
Elongate, subcylindrical, slightly depressed. Dark brown to piceous,
feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short. brown pubescence ; labrum, nar-
row front margin of thorax, antenni: and legs reddish-brown. Thorax a
little longer than wide, sides rounded into apex; surfice finely, densely and
more or Jess rugosely and confluently punetate, the basal impressions very
faint. Mlytra with two or three vague costee. the surface of basal half more
sparsely and coursely punctured than thoy. Length T-!.5 im.
Perry County; rare. May 31. Ocenrs heneath hark.
P. concolor Lec., dark brown, antenne piceons, legs fuseous, the
tarsi paler, is known from Pennsylvania and near Cincinnati.
XV. oSyuenora Lec. 1866, (Gr, *‘joined.’’)
Here belong two small, elongate, brownish or piccous species
having the head scarcely deflexed, not constricted behind the eves:
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1299
antenne filiform, third joint more than double the length of second
and nearly equal to those which follow; maxillary palpi with second
and third joints short, the fourth dilated, hatchet-shaped; front
coxe contiguous. Both occur in Indiana. 2
2401 (7674). SympPnHora FLAvicoLtis Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1848, 100.
Elongate, moderately convex. Blackish-piceous, shining, finely pubes-
cent; head, thorax, legs and base of antennze reddish-yellow. Thorax one-
third wider than long, sides broadly rounded, apex truncate, hind angles
obtuse; disk rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, with a vague oblique
impression each side near base. Elytra slightly broader, more coarsely and
sparsely punctate than thorax. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. April S—July 3. Occurs be-
neath bark and on foliage.
2402 (7675). SymMpuora rucosa Iald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1548.
100.
Usually more slender than flaricollis, which it resembles closely. Differs
in being uniform pale chestnut-brown to dark fuscous, less shining; an-
tennie and legs paler Thorax less convex and more densely punctate, its
outer margins continuveus with those of elytra. Length 2.8-8.2 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June 2-July 11. Taken by
beating ; also on fungi.
Anisorya glaucuia Lec.. elongate, fuseous, surface finely
versely aciculate, length 3.5 mm.. was described from Pennsylvania.
tvans-
Tribe VII. SCRAPTIINI.
This tribe is composed of three genera of small species having
the head inclined, suddenly constricted a short distance behind the
eyes into a small neck; labial palpi with the last joint hatchet-
shaped; front coxe large, conical, contiguous, with distinct tro-
chantins; middle cox: contiguous. Representatives of all the gen-
era have been taken in the State.
KEY TO GENERA OF SCRAPTITNTI.
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi triangular.
b. Next to last joint of @7/ the tarsi lobed; first joint of hind tarsi twice
as long as all the others united. XVI. ScRAPTIA.
bb. Next to last joint of hind tarsi not lobed; first joint of bind tarsi
shorter than the other three united. XVII. ALLOPoDA.
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate, pruning-knife shaped.
XVIII. CANtra.
XVI. Scorapria Latr. 1807. (Gr., ‘tan unchaste woman.’’)
Represented by a single small brownish species having the an-
tenne about two-thirds the length of body, not very slender, third
1300 FAMILY LVIU.—MELANDRYID.E.
joint slightly longer than sccond, the two together not longer than
fourth; last joint of maxillary palpi farge, one-half longer than
wide, the outer side broadly curved.
2403 (7690). SCRAPTIA SeRICEA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci., ID,
IS4, 37.
Elongate, parallel. Uniform dull brownish-yellow, sparsely clothed with
silken, yellow pubescence; antenne and legs paler. Thorax one-third wider
than long, sides broadly reunded into apex > disk ratber finely and closely
eranulate-punctate and with three broad, shallow impressions near base,
the median one reaching to middle. Elytra a little more sparsely and
coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 4-5.5 mn.
Orange and Perry counties; searce. May 21—June 2. Occurs on
flowers and foliage.
XVII. Atnorop, Lee. 1866. (Gr., ‘‘other + feet.’’)
Represented by one small elongate, convex species having the
antennex about half the length of body, second joint half as long as
third, which is equal to fourth; next to last joint of front and
middle tarsi cordate and lobed; same joint of hind tarsi slender,
not at all dilated and two-thirds the length of preceding.
2404 (7691). ALLopopa LUTEA Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. I, 1845,
100.
Elongate, rather slender, subdepressed. Pale dull yellow to reddish-
brown, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent; elytra usually with a common
brown spot on apical third, which often extends forward along the suture;
antenne and abdomen dark brow1; legs paler. Thorax slightly wider than
long, sides rounded into apex; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and
rather closely granulate-punctate and with a small, round impression each
side near base. Length 3-3.5 mim.
Crawford County; scarce. June 2—June 27. Ovcurs on flowers
of wild hydrangea and other shrubs.
XVIII. Cantera Lee. 1866.
Antenne slightly more than half the length of body, second and
third joints small, equal, the fourth as lone as both united; last
joint of maxillary palpi fully twice as long as wide; next to last
joint of all the tarsi cordate and somewhat lobed; first joint of hind
tarsi nearly twice as long as the others united. Four small, dull
species represent the genus, all of which have been taken in the
State.
KEY TO SPECIES OF CANIPA.
a. Colov of thorax and elytra uniform.
b Dark Drown or fuscous: legs pale, dull yellow; basal impressions of
thorax distinct. 2405, PALLIPES
THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 1301
bb. Black; legs pale fuscous; basal impressions very faint.
2406, PUSILLA.
ad. Thorax and elytra more or less bicolored.
c. Head black; thorax and basal portion of elytra largely dull yellow.
2407, PLAGIATA.
cc, Head and thorax black: elytra pale, dull yellow.
2408, PALLIPENNIS.
2405 (7605). CANIFA PALLIPES Melsh.. Pree. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, TUL.
1846, 56.
Elongate. rather slender, subdepressed. Color given in key; head black,
pubescence fine, sparse, yellowish. Thorax short, nearly twice as wide as
long, apex and base truncate, sides rounded; disk minutely and densely
granulate-punctate, basal impressions broad and rather shallow. Elytra
widest behind the middle, a little more sparsely and coarsely and less rough-
ly punctate than thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties; much
less so northward. May 16—July 25. Beaten from foliage of vari-
ous shrubs.
2406 (7693). CANIFA PUSILLA Ifald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. T. 1S48,
100.
More slender and parallel than pallipes. Black; elytra tinged with
fuscous, thickly clothed with fine, pale. yellawish pubescence. Length 2 mm.
Putnam and Dubois counties; scaree. May 10-May 26.
2407 (7692). Canira PLAGIATA Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1846, 56.
Form of pallipes. Head black; thorax and medial basal portion of ely-
tra dull brownish-yellow ; apical portion and sides of basal half of elytra
blackish-fuscous. Basal impressions of thorax smaller, deeper, with usually
a third one in front of scutellum; otherwise as in pallipes. Length 2-
2.5 mm.
Throughout the State, common in the southern counties; less so
northward. May 11—June 24+. Beaten from foliage of many shrubs
and herbs, especially that of red bud, honey-locust and great rag-
weed.
2408 (7694). CANIFA PALLIPENNIS Lec., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 187s,
G1:
Blongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra pale, dull yellow,
finely pubescent; under surface and legs pale yellow, antennre and abdo-
men darker. Thorax twice as wide as long, surface finely granulate-punc-
tate; basal impressions broad and distinct. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.
One specimen from beneath the bark of dead pine near Millers,
Lake County. July 14. Described from northern Michigan.
Tribe VIII. NOTHINIT.
This trihe is represented in North America by the one genus:
1302 PAMILY LIX.—PYT ELIDA.
EOS
XIX. Nornus Oliv. 1811. (Gr., ‘‘a bastard.’’)
Our single species resenibles the Lampyrid, T'elephorus biline-
alus Say, in general appearance. Besides the characters given in
tribal key it has the head deflexed; antennw slender, subserrate ;
last joint of maxillary palpi large, dilated, nearly cultriform ; front
cox conical, contiguous. The males have the hind femora curved,
the tibia armed with a sharp spine on the inner edge near the tip,
and the tarsal claws cleft.
2409 (7698). NorHus vartans Lec., New Sp.
N. Am. Col., I, 1866, 145.
Elongate-oblong, parallel. Viceous or
blackish-piceous, sparsely clothed with fine,
gray, prostrate hairs; thorax reddish-yellow,
with a broad, black stripe each side of mid-
dle, these often connected or even confluent ;
antennre and legs usually piceous, sometimes
in part or wholly dull yellow. Thorax sub-
orbicular, slightly broader than long, its an-
gles all obtusely rounded; surface finely and
rather closely punctate. Elytra finely, dense-
ly and rugosely punctate. Length 5-S mm.
(Fig. 573.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May
1—July 1. Oceurs on flowers and foliage,
especially those of Crategus.
Vig 573. x 6. (Original )
Tribe IX, MYCTERINI,
While no member of the tribe has been taken in the State, a
single species of each of its two genera nay occur. The genera are
separated as follows:
KEY TO GENERA OF MYCTERINT.
@. Head short; epipleure not reaching tips of elytra; first ventral segment
short. LACCONOTUS.
ad. Head prolonged into a heak; epipleurre reaching tips of elytra; first
ventral as long as the second. MYcTeRts.
Lacconotus punctatus Lee, black, thorax reddish-vellow with
median black space, length 4-5.5 mm., has heen taken by Dury at
Cincinnati. MWiyeler ne scaber Tald., ilaclk, lees and antenne yel-
low, leneth 4.5 mm., “oeeiurs in the Avfantte States. ’’
Family LINX. PY VIMTD LE,
Tre Pyrrip Bari Beeties.
A small family, represented in the Unite ‘d States hy only about
20 species. They are separated from those of Melandryidee by hav-
THE PYTHID BARK BEETLES. 1303
ing the thorax narrowed behind, rarely margined at the sides, its
disk without basal impressions. In form they are usually long and
narrow, either slightly convex or much flattened. They cccur be-
neath bark, usually that of pine, and have no special economic im-
portance.
Other than the characters above mentioned, the Pythidxe have
the head prominent, not constricted behind the eyes, which are
neither emarginate or finely granulate; antenne 11-jointed, slightly
thickened toward the tips; elytra rounded at apex, covering the ab-
domen, the latter with five free ventral segments; front vox coni-
cal, usually contiguous, the cavities open behind; tarsi slender,
never lobed, their claws simple.
Of the nine genera recognized hy LeCente and Horn, representa-
tives of hut three have been taken in the State, while those of one
other probably occur. The only papers treating of any of the
North American species are as follows:
Horn.—‘Table of the species of Cononotus,’’ in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soe., II, 1868, 136.
LeConte —‘ Table of Rhinosimus,’’ in N. Am. Entom., I, 1868, 4.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Genus Piylho,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., XV, 1888, 45-46.
Wieckham.—‘The Pythide of Ontario and Quebee,’’ tm Can
Ent., XX XI, 1899, 57-61.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PYTHID.®.
a. Middle coxse with distinet trechantins; last joint of maxillary palpi di-
lated ; mandibles visible beyond the labrum; length 10 or more min.
b. Third joint of antenne not longer than fourth; elytra not striate.
I. Boros.
bb. Third joint of antenme longer than fourth: elytra striate; body much
depressed. PyrtTHv.
aa. Middle coxre enclosed by the sterna, without trochantins; last joint of
maxillary palpi not dilated; mandibles not visible beyond the labrum :
length less than 5 mm.
c. Beak of head broad and very short. II. Saprnars.
ce. Beak prolonged. III. RuHINOSIMUs.
I. Boros Herbst. 1797. (Gr., ‘‘to shine.’’)
But one species from North America belongs to this genus.
2410 (7708). Boros UNICOLOR Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1826,
238; ibid. II, 305.
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Uniform piceous, shining, scarcely or
not at all pubescent, Antenue one-third longer than head. Thorax oval,
1304 FAMILY LX,—GDEMERIDA‘,
the sides evenly rounded; surface, as well as that of head, coarsely, deeply
apd rather closely punctate. Elytra much more finely and sparsely punc-
tate than thorax. Length 11-13 mm.
Lake County; rare. October 22. One specimen from beneath
bark of dead pine.
The ranve of ’ylho depressus L. is such as to include Indiana.
It is piceous or chestnut-hrown, with a bliish or violet lustre, legs,
antenne and under surface reddish-yellow. Length 11-15 mm.
IL Saneisaus Gall. 1810.) (der, ‘fa trumpet.’’)
One of the four recounized species occurs In the northern por-
tion of the State.
24I1 (7717). SALPINGUS VIRESCENS Lew. Agiass. Lake Sup... 1850) 232.
Elongate, depressed. Greenish-black, shining; antennze reddish-brown,
the hist three joints piceous. Thorax slightly broader than head, widest
one-fourth front apex, thence obliquely narrowed to hase; hind angles rect-
angular, distinct; surface, as well as that of head, sparsely and rather
finely punctate. Elytra broader at base than thorax, widening behind the
middle; disk with rows of fine, feebly impressed, closc-set punctures ; inter-
vals flat, smooth. Length 2.5-3 mim.
Lake County; rare. June 28 Taken by beating foliave of pine.
THT. Ronosimus Late. 1805. (Gr. ‘ flat-mosed.’’)
This genus js casily distingnished fron: the preceding by the
much greater leneth of the flattened heak, the species in this respect
resembling some of those of the family Rhynchitidw. One of the
three known species has been taken in the State.
4l2 (7723). Rurnosimus virtprenecs Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IT,
DSSS. See
Elongate. Blackish-green, strongly shining; antenne, legs and tip of
beak brownish-yellow. Beak flat, twice as long as wide, narrowed at mid-
dle, wider at tip. Thorax slightly bronder than lony., narrowed behind,
sides rounded in front; surface, as well as that of head and beak, coarsely
but not densely punctured and with two irregular impressions each side.
Elytra about twice as wide as thorax, marked with rows of seareely im-
pressed, rather fine punctures; intervals flat. the alternate ones each with
a single row of distant punctures. Length 35-4 mim.
A single specimen in the Wolcott collec ‘tion, taken near Millers,
Lake County. July 13. Oceurs beneath bark of pine.
Family LX. GSDEMERID.R.
Tue CApeMerID Berries.
A family of small or mediunvsized be vetles, usually rather slen-
der, elongate and semicylindrical in form, with the head and thorax
THE CEDEMERID BEETLES. 1305
narrower than elytra, the former but slightly narrowed into a neck.
The middle coxw are very prominent; thorax without sharp edges
at the sides, its lateral suture beneath wanting; elytra somewhat
soft in texture and either smooth or with fine punctures and silky
hair. They are found mostly on flowers or foliage, sometimes in
crevices or on the ground near water. The larve live for the most
part in decaying wood and are not of much economic importance.
The name of the family is derived from that of the typical genus
(sdcemera, which is the Greek of two words meaning ‘‘swollen’’ and
‘*thigh,’’
In addition to the characters mentioned, the members of the
family have the palpi 4-jointed, the last joint dilated; head slightly
inclined, the front somewhat prolonged; antenne 11- rarely 12-
jointed, nearly filiform; elytra covering the abdomen, which has five
free ventral segments with a sixth sometimes visible in the males;
front cox large, conicai, contiguous, the cavities widely open be-
hind; tarsi with the next to last joint dilated and furnished with a
dense brush of hairs beneath; tarsal claws usually simple, rarely
toothed at base.
The principal papers treating of the North American species are
as follows:
LeConte.—‘Syuopsis of the Gidemerid» of the United States,’’
in Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat Sei., VII, 1854, 20-22.
LeConte.—‘Syneptie Tables of Copidita and Oxacis,’’ in New
Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1866, 164-166.
Horn.—‘ The Cidemeride of Boreal America,’’ in Proe, Califor-
nia Acad. Sei, VI, 1896, 382-421.
Wickham.— ‘The Gidemeride and Cephaloide of Ontario and
Quebee,’’ i Can. Eut., XXX, 1898, 149-162.
Horn, in his paper above cited, recognized 50 species from North
America. These he distributes among 12 genera. Of these but five
species, belonging to four genera. have heen taken in the State, and
a representative of another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CEDEMERID-E.
a. Next to last joint of tarsi narrowly dilated: length less than 5 mm.;
color brown. I. Mrcroronvus.
aa. Next to last joint of tarsi broadly dilated; length usually more than
7 mm.
b. Front tibize with one spur; color aboye yellowish, elytra tipped with
black; antenn:e of male 12-jointed. II. NACcERDES.
pbb. Front tibise with two spurs; antennse in both sexes 11-jointed.
c. Both mandibles bifid at tip.
1306 FAMILY LX,—CDEMERIDA,
d. Claws simple. CopmDITA.
dd. Claws toothed at base; form very slender; color blackish, thorax
wholly or in part reddish. TTT. AscTER\.
ce. Both mandibles simple; head short. IV. Oxacis,
I. Mrororonus Lee. 1862. (Gr., “‘small+a thong.’’)
Represented by a single small brown species having the head
short, the front with distinct curved suture just before the eyes,
which are rather coarsely granulate; maxillary palpi with last joint
rather long, hatchet-shaped ; antennz slender, one-half the length of
body, the second joint one-third as long as fourth.
2413 (7726). MIcROTONUS SERICANS Lec., Class. Col. of N. A.. I, 1862, 259.
Elongate, slender, convex. Brown, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with
short, silken, yellowish hairs. Thorax nearly square, as wide as head, sides
‘feebly rounded; hind angles acute; surface finely and densely punctate and
with a vague depression each side near base. HElytra but slightly wider at
base than thorax; surface closely, coarsely and irregularly puuctate. Length
3.84.5 mi.
Orange, Crawford and Perry counties; scarce. May 11-June
26. Occurs on foliage, especially that of elm.
Il. Nacwrprs Schmidt. 1846.
One medium-sized, slender-hodied species helongs here. The an-
tenn are less than half the length of body, 12-jointed in male,
eleven in female. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi elongate-trian-
gular.
Y4I4 (7733). NackRDES MELANURA Linn., Faun. Sueec., 1746, 205.
Nlongate, slender, parallel, subdepressed. Above dull yellow > elytra
tipped with blackish purple; under surface and legs in great part piceous.
Thorax dilated each side in front of middle, narrowed behind, rather coarse-
ly and closely punctate. Blytra each with. four narrow, slightly elevated
lines; surface finely and densely punctate. Length 8-12 mum.
Wells, Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 29—July 12.
Oceurs about cellars, old boxes and lumber yards, probably in all
of the larger towns of the State. Originally from Europe, it has
heen spread hy commerce over the world. In one specimen from
Lawrence County the thorax has a large piceous spot each side.
Copidita thoracica Bab., piceous, thorax reddish-yellow, elytra
varying to purple or blue, length 5-7 mm., is said to oceur from the
‘Middle States southward.”’
THE (EDEMERID BEETLES. 1307
III. Ascuera Schmidt. 1846. (Gr., ‘not + hard.’’)
Elongate, slender blackish forms having the elytra distinctly
costate; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular; tarsal claws
toothed at base. Two of the six recognized species occur in the
State.
4415 (7752). ASCLERA RUFICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, ITT.
1sz4, 271; ibid. II, 160.
Hlongate, slender. Tilack, opaque; thorax wholly red. Thorax broader
than long, sides curved in front, oblique behind; disk smooth, except a row
of coarse punctures along the base and three broad foves, one each side of
middle, the other, more shallow, in front of scutellum. Elytra each with
three well marked dorsal costie: intervals densely and minutely granulate-
punctate. Length 5-6.5 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent southward, much less so in the
northern counties. April 7-May 23. Occurs on flowers, especially
those of the vellow adder’s toneuc or dog’s tooth violet (Hrythro-
nium anericanum Ker.) ; also on those of willow, wild plum, black
haw, ete.
2416 (7753). ASCLERA PUNCTICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., III,
1se4, 27; ibid. II, 161.
Form and color of riufieollis except that the thorax has a large central
blackish spot and has the disk depressed at middle, without fove.e, finely
and densely punctate. Klytra often witb a slight purplish tinge, the cost:v
distinct but less prominent. Length 6.5-S mm.
Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 12—-May 6. Occurs
on flowers of wild phun, ete.
IV. Oxacis Lee. Is60. (Gr, “sharp + edge.’’)
Here belong about 15 slender species, having the antennw in-
serted close to the eves, which are emarginate; mandibles acute at
tip; claws usually simple. But one has been taken in the State.
2417 (7741). Oxacis TeNIATA Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII.
“1854, 21.
Elongate, slender. Dull brownish-yellow ; thorax with the sides usual-
ly piceous, often with a median blackish spot and a small rounded one each
side in front; antenne dull yellow to piceous, the basal joint longer than
the third. Thorax obovate, longer than wide, without transverse impres-
sion; rather finely and densely punctate. Elytra finely and densely punce-
tate without trace of costs. Length 7-9 min.
Posey County; rare. May 18. Beaten from flowers of the false
indigo. A member of the .\ustroriparian fauna.
1308 PAMILY LNXI.—MORDELLID.T.
Family LXL = MORDELLID AS.
Tie Tumpuinc FLrowrer BEETLES.
This family includes a large number of small, wedge-shaped
beetles having the body arched, the head bent downward and the
abdomen usually prolonged into a style or pointed process. The
hind legs are, in most species, very long and stout, fitted for leap-
ing; the antennex long and slender and the thorax is as wide at base
as the elytra. The body is densely covered with fine silky hairs,
usually black, but often very prettily spotted or handed with yel-
low or silvery hues. The adults oceur on flowers or on dead trees
and are very active, fying and :unning with great rapidity and in
the net or beating umbrella jumping and tumbling about in gro-
tesque manner in their efforts to escape. The Jarve live in old wood
or in the pith of plants, and those of some species are said to be
carnivorous in habit, feeding upon the young of Lepidoptera and
Diptera which they find in the plant stems. The name MVordella,
that of the typical genus, is from the Latin mordere or ‘‘bite.’’
In addition to the characters mentioned the Mordellide have the
maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the last joint variable in form; head ver-
tical and applied closely to the prosternum in repose, suddenly con-
stricted immediately behind the eyes; antenna slender, 11-jointed,
inserted at the sides of the front; thorax stronely narrowed in front,
its lateral suture distinet; clytra narrowed behind, not truncate,
leaving exposed the tip of the abdomen, the latter with five or six
ventral segments; front legs short, hind ones usually long; front
coxe large, conical, contiguous, without trochantins, the cavities
open behind; hind coxe flat, contiguons, very large in most of our
species; hind tarsi long, compressed ; tarsal claws either simple or
cleft to the base, with the upper portion comb-toothed in most
species.
The principal literature treating of the North American forms is
as follows:
LeCoute-—‘ Synopsis of the Mordellidw of the United States,”
in Proe. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sei., NTV, 1862, 43-51.
Smith, John B—* Synopsis of the Mordellide of the United
States,’? a Trans, Amer. Entom. Soc., X, 1882, 73-100, Pls.
T-III.
About 120 members of the family are known from North Amer-
lea. These are distributed amone seven venera, six of which are
represented in the Stite. One of the principal characters used in
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1309
separating the genera and species is the number and form of the
small black ridges on the outer face of the hind tibie and tarsi. The
insects should be mounted with the hind legs straightened out and
plainly visible, else their identification is impcssible.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MORDELLID.Z.
a. Abdomen not prolonged at tip; tarsal claws not cleft; upper surface of
body very finely and transversely strigose.
b. Front and middle tarsi with third and fourth joints equal; antenne
rather short. with the last five joints broader. I. PENTARIA.
bb. Front and middle tarsi with the fourth joint very small.
m II. AWNASPIS.
aa. Abdomen with the last segment prolonged. conical; tarsal claws cleft
and pectinate: hind femora much enlarged.
«. Hind tibize with only a small subapical ridge; eves finely granulated.
d, Anal style short, obtuse; scutellum usually emarginate behind;
eyes not reaching the occiput. IfI. Tomoxta.
dd, Anal style long and slender; scutellum triangular; eyes reaching
the occiput. IV. MorRDELLA.
ec. Wind tibise and tarsi with oblique ridges on the outer face; eyes
coarsely granulated.
c, Hind tibiz with one long ridge and no subapical one (Fig. 576. No.
10) ; length 6-8 mm. VY. GLIPODEs.
ec. Wind tibize with subapical ridge distinct and usually one or more
oblique ones in addition (Big. 576, Nos. 15 and 17); length less
than 6 mm. VI. MorDELLISTENA.
I. Pewnrart, Muls. 1856. (Gr., ‘‘five + thin.’’)
Our species of this and the next genus are sinall vellow or yellow
and black, finely pubescent forms, having the body fusiform rather
than wedge-shaped; hind femora not or but slightly dilated; last
dorsal segment not prolonged; eves oval, narrowly emarginate.
Pentavia has the sixth ventral segment visible, and is represented in
the State by one of the four known specics.
P4iS (7761). Pexvaria TRIFAscIATA Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II,
1845, 316.
Elongate, subdepressed. Head, thorax, legs and base of antenne dull
reddish-yellow ; elytra yellow, with base. tips and a broad band just behind
the middle, black; abdomen, and sometimes the entire under surface, fus-
cous. Length 3-4 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun-
ties. June +July 30. Occurs on fiowers, especially those of the
dogwood (Cornus), wild hydrangea and black haw. The thorax is
sometimes marked with fuscvous and the bands of elytra are rarely
connected along the suture.
1310 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLID®,
II. Anaspris Geoff. 1762. (Gr., ‘“‘ without + shield.’’)
Sixth ventral segment not visible; fourth joint of front and
middle tarsi very small and received upon the third, which is
slightly lobed; males with two slender appendages protruding from
between the fourth and fifth ventral segments. Two of the eight
recognized species have been taken in the State, while a third may
occur in the northern counties.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANASPIS,
a. Upper surface entirely black; palpi, base of antennee and front legs dull
yellow ; thorax twice as wide as long; length 34+ mm. NIGRA,
aa. Upper surface, in part at least, yellow; thorax one-half wider than long.
bd. Tlead, thorax and under surface black; elytra pale brownish-yellow.
2419. FLAVIPENN'S,
bb. Head fuscous or yellow; thorax and elytra dull reddish-yellow.
2420. RUPA,
A. migra Wald., readily recognized by the robust. form, is known
from Vermont and New York to Lake Superior.
2419 (7769). AWASPIS FLAVIPENNIS IIald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1.
1848, 100.
Elongate, slender. Color given in key; tibise, tarsi, mouth parts and
base of antennse brownish-yellow. Length 3-4 mm.
Steuben, Marion, Putnam and Jennings counties; searee. April
‘May 25. Occurs on flowers, especially those of huckleberry and
Crategus.
2420 (7770). ANASPIS RUFA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. V, 1826, 244;
ibid. IT. 309.
Hlongate, slender. Head yellow or more or Jess piceous ; antenne and
abdomen fuscous or dull yellow. Length 3-4 mm.
Kosciusko, Fulton, Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce.
April 20-June 27.
OI. Tomoxta Costa. 1854. (Chr. ‘joint + sharp.’’)
In this and succeeding genera the body is more or less wedge-
shaped ; hind femora very large and flat; last dorsal segment conical,
prolonged ; sixth ventral not visible; body pubescent and very finely
punctulate. The species of Tomo.ria are of a blackish color varied
with irregular grayish pubeseence, They have the anal tate short,
obtuse; antenne serrate; last joint of maxillary palpi more or less
elongate, triangular and thick, with the apieal face coneave. Two of
the three recognized species have been taken in the State.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1311
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TOMOXIA.
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, triangular; scutellum emarginate be-
hind. 2421. BIDENTATA.
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi broadly hatchet-shaped; scutellum tri-
angular. 2422, HILARIS.
2421 (7773). Tomoxta BipenraTa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1824, 277; ibid. II, 164.
Robust, wedge-shaped. Brown, varied with ash-gray pubescence as fol-
lows: four stripes on thorax radiating from the middle of front margin,
which, with the side margins, is also ash-gray; elytra each with three or
four stripes on basal half, a broken crossband behind middle and the apex
ash-gray; a large rhomboidal brown spot on each near base. Length 10-
18 mm.
Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 6—June 7.
Occurs on dead trees. 7. lincella Lec., 5-7 mm. in length, the elytra
marked with narrow ash-gray lines, is now recognized as the male of
bidentata.
2422 (7776). ToMoxIA HILARIS Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 190;
ibid. II, 661.
Form wedge-shaped; more slender than bidentata. Black, varied with
ash-gray pubescence; elytra with a narrow sub-basal band of brownish-
yellow pubescence and a broader one behind the middle, the two connected
along the suture and margined with ash-gray pubescence. Length 9-13 mm.
Described from Indiana. Two in Stein collection, probably from
Posey County.
IV. Morpeuia Linn. 1758. (L., ‘‘bite.’’)
Rather large wedge-shaped forms having the scutellum triangu-
lar; anal style usually long and slender; last joint of maxillary palpi
long, triangular and obliquely truncate (except in the male of ocu-
lata). Nine of the 19 recognized forins have been taken in the
State, while two others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MORDELLA.
a. Anal style short and truncate; dull black; thorax and elytra sprinkled
with small spots of silvery pubescence, the latter with narrow inter-
rupted band on apical third composed of confluent spots. BOREALIS.
aa. Anal style long and slender.
». Last joint of maxillary palpi triangular, the sides unequal.
c. Blytra dark, without conspicuous markings.
[88—23402 |
1312 FAMILY UXI.—MORDELLID.X.
d. Deep black, finely pubescent; base of thorax broadly rounded at
middle. 2423. MELAENA.
dd. Dull black, pubescence brownish; base of thorax much less
rounded. 2424, SCUTELLARIS.
ov. Blytra with distinct yellow or ash-gray spots or markings.
e. Blytra each with four spots of yellowish pubescence, the one at
base broadly curved. 2425. OCTOPUNCTATA.
ee. Elytra with stripes or with more than four spots.
f. Antenne and front legs black; thorax marked with ash-gray
pubescence and large black spots.
g. Elytra with small silver gray spots, usually more or less
confluent. 2426. MARGINATA.
gg. Wlytra with a narrow sutural line and an oblique stripe from
: humerus toward the middle, ash-gray. 2427. LUNULATA.
ff. ‘Antenne and front legs dull yellow; thorax and elytra speckled
, with small, unequal yellowish spots; elytra with an inter-
rupted band behind middle and the tips also yellowish pubes-
cent. 2428. SERVAL.
oo. Last joint of maxillary palpi either broadly hatchet-shaped or with
the sides equal.
fh. Head and thorax black.
i. Thorax sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence. more densely
at base; elytra with a broad basal band, enclosing on each a
round black spot, and an interrupted band behind the middle
yellowish or ash-gray. 2429. OCULATA,
i, Thorax marked with ash-gray pubescence and large black spots.
j. Elytra with a broad basal band, including on each side two
spots, and two oblique undulated bands of yellowish or ash-
gray pubescence. 2430. TRILOBA.
Jj, Klytra with a broad basal band, including each side a very
large black spot, a band just behind middle and the tips ash-
t
gray. UNDULATA.
hh. Wead and thorax partly yellow; elytra with crossbands of black
and yellow. 2431. DISCOIDEA.
M. borealis Lee., length 3-4 mm., is said to oceur in the ‘‘North-
ern States,’’ and has been recorded from Cincinnati,
2423 (7779). MorbELLA MELAINA Germ., Insect Sp.
Noy., 1824, 169,
Deep velvety black; pubescence at base of ely-
tra and on sides of under surface often more or
less iridescent; base of pygidium usually silvery
pubescent. Length 5-7 mm. (Big. 574.)
Throughout the State; frequent. June 9-
August 1. Oveurs ially
secur dee a uge especially on blossoms of
wild rose.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1313
2424 (7780). MOorDELLA SCUTELLARIS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I1, 1801, 123.
Dull black, clothed with brownish pubescence; scutellum sometimes
ash-gray; sides of meso- and metasterna and front margins of ventral seg-
ments more or less ash or silvery gray. Length 3-6 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June 2-September 23. Oc-
curs in numbers on the flowers of Solidugo and other Composite.
IL. irrovata Lec. is a variety with single ash-gray hairs scattered
over the elytra, and with the under surface dull black.
2425 (7782). MORDELLA OCTOPUNCTATA Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 123.
Head grayish pubes-
cent; thorax with a _ net-
work of lines of grayish-
yellow hairs; elytra as
mentioned in key, the basal
curved spots each partially
enclosing a round black
one, the subhumeral spot
narrow and oblique; under
surface spotted with ash-
Bray pubescence. Tangth gS sammy osems beaten te vive ieealeig
6-7 mm. (Fig. 575.)
Southern half of State; frequent. June 2—August 7. Occurs
especially on flowers of Jersey tea. The voung are said to feed on
the wood of very rotten oak stumps.
=
2426 (7783). MorRDELLA MARGINATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Seci., ITI,
1845, 312.
Thorax with the margins, a narrow stripe each side of middle and a
short one extending forward from base near hind angles, silvery or ash-
gray. Elytra with the spots varying much in size and disposition. Under
surface varied with silver-gray and black. Length 3-4.5 mm.
Throughout the State; common. June l—August 2. Occurs es-
pecially on flowers of dogwood, Jersey tea, and wild hydrangea.
The markings on the thorax are distinct only when held in a certain
light.
2427 (7784). MorpdeLtra tuntrata Helm., Proce, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., NVIT,
1865, 96.
Head and thorax sparsely clothed with yellowish-gray pubescence; the
latter with an indistinct stripe extending forward from base on each side,
more densely pubescent ; under surface with sides and front margins of ven-
tral segments with sparse ash-gray hairs. Length 4 mm.
Orange County; rare. June 1. The single specimen agrees per-
fectly with the descriptions of Hellmuth’s type collected in Tlinois,
the elytra having the ‘‘narrow basal margin, humeral lunule and
suture cinereous pubescent.’’? In LeConte’s obliqua, described from
1814 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLIDA.
Detroit, there is an oblique stripe from the humerus to beyond the
middle. Smith regards the two species as identical.
2428 (7785). MOorDELLA sERVAL Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 191;
ibid. II, 662.
Piceous brown, mottled with yellowish as mentioned in key; elytra with
a round black spot each side of scutellum, these bordered beneath with a
yellowish spot much larger than the others ; under surface varied with ash-
gray and black. Length 44.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. July 4. Beaten from flowers of linden.
Say’s type was from Indiana, probably Posey County. A prettily
marked and easily recognized species.
2429 (7787). MorveLia ocuLata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 7534, 1003
ibid. II, 662.
Antenne, tibise and tarsi dull red; basal yellowish band of elytra ex-
tending in a point almost to middle of each; under surface varied with ash-
gray pubescence, the hind margin of each ventral segment reddish. Max-
illary palpi of male much larger than in female, and excavated at tip.
Length 5-6.5 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. May 31—-October 3. Occurs on
the greater horseweed, Ambrosia trifida L.
2430 (7789). MorprLLa TRILOBA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITI, 1824.
276; ibid. II, 163.
Body black. Thorax with a three-lobed black spot, margined with yel-
lowish pubescence; elytra with three undulating bands of dirty yellowish
pubescence, the basal one enclosing a humeral and scutellar black spot; un-
der surface rather thickly clothed with silvery gray hairs. Length 3-4 mm.
Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. May 24-July 14.
Taken from flowers of mullein and wild hydrangea.
MM. undulata Mels., length 3 mm., is recorded from Pennsylvania
and Ohio.
2431 (7792). MorpeLia piscoipgrA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. II
1848, 315.
Black; antenne, legs and top of head yellow; thorax yellow. with a
large triangular black spot reaching from apex two-thirds to base: elytra
black, marked with yellow as follows: an oblique stripe extending from
humerus to a crossband before middle, a second band behind middle; apex.
margin and suture behind the second hand. Length 2-3 mm. (Fig. 576,
No. 9.)
’
Posey County; rare. June 11. A small and prettily marked
form, whose general range is southern.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1315
V_ Gurpopss Lee. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘slippery + foot.’’)
Rather large fuscous species, covered with dense silky brown
pubescence; seutellum rounded, triangular; hind tibie carinate
along the dorsal line and furnished with a long oblique ridge on
outer surface, this connected with the dorsal ridge near tip; first
joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges. (Fig. 576, No, 10.)
One of the two known species has been taken in the State.
2432 (7793). GLIPODES SERICANS Melsh., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1845, 312.
Dark reddish-brown, densely clothed with silky yellowish pubescence ;
elytra usually darker than head or thorax. Labial palpi with last joint
emarginate. Maxillary palpi of male with under side clothed with a dense
brush of fine, soft hairs, the last joint bearing at base an outer jointed and
forked appendage as long as the joint itself. Length 6-8 mm.
Posey County; rare. June 14. Occurs in the ‘‘Middle and
Southern States.’’
VI. MorpeLuistena Costa. 1855. (L., ‘‘bite + narrow.’’)
A large genus of small, linear or wedge-shaped forms, having
the scutellum rounded, triangular; anal style long and slender;
hind tibie with a subapical short transverse ridge* and from one
to five oblique ridges on the outer face; hind tarsi with from one to
five oblique ridges on first joint and often one to three on second
and third joints. The beetles are often brightly and prettily varie-
gated and occur on flowers of various plants.
Fig. 576. No.9, Mordella discoidea; 10, hind tibia and tarsus of Glipodes; 11, antenna of Mordellistena; 12,
maxillary palpus of same; 13, front tarsus of same; 14, tarsal claw of same; 15, hind tibia and tarsus of Afordel-
Listena bicinctella; 16, elytra of same; 17, hind tibia and tarsus of M. arida. (After Smith.)
On account of its large size, the genus is separated primarily
into six groups, based upon the number and arrangement of the
libial ridges. These are as follows:
*This is not taken into account in the separation of the Groups below.
1316 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLID A.
KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA MORDELLISTENA.
wu. Hind tibie and first joint of hind tarsi each with a single short, oblique
ridge near tip. (ig. 576, No, 15.) Group 4.
ac. Hind tibie with two or more oblique ridges on outer face.
b. Hind tibie with but two oblique ridges on outer face.
c. Ridges of tibiwe converging above. (Hig. 576, No. 17.) Group B,
cc. Ridges of tibize parallel.
d. Ridges equal in length. (Wig. 577, a.) Group €.
dd, Ridges unequal, the upper one extending almost across the outer
face of the tibie. (Fig. 578, a.) Group D.
bb. Hind tibise with three or more short, oblique parallel ridges,
e, Tlind tibize with but three ridges. (Fig. 579, 0.) Group F.
ce, Tlind tibise with four or more ridges. (Tig. 580, «.) Group F,
Group A.
This group is represented in the collection by two species.
2423 (7795). MoRDELLISTENA BICINCTELLA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
XIV, 1862, 48.
Body narrow, parallel. Black; elytra with two yellow bands, first near
base and interrupted by suture, second one fourth from tips; head, antennie
and legs, except hind femora, dull yellow: thorax sometimes black, some-
times brick red. Length 2-2.5 mm. (lig. 576. No. 16.)
Steuben and Marshall counties; scarce. June 11—July 6.
2454 (——). MORDELLISTENA CONFUSA Sp. hoy.
Very slender, parallel. Black, sparsely clothed with brownish pubes-
cence; elytra with an oblong, dull yellow humeral spot: labrum, palpi, tarsi
and abdominal process dull brownish-yellow. Length 2.5 mm.
Martin County; rare. May 16. Resembles biplagiata in color,
but much more slender and with but one ridge on tibix and first
tarsal.
Group B.
This group contains two uniform brownish-vellow species hav-
ing the tibial ridges not parallel, but converging above.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP RB.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge; ridges
of tibie short, less strongly marked. Cie. “TATA,
ad, Wirst joint of hind tarsi with three, second with one oblique ridge:
ridges of tibire long. very strongly marked. 2486. ARIDA.
2435 (7797). MOoRDELLISTENA LUTHA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei, TI,
1845, 815.
Slender, wedge-shaped. Uniform brownish-yellow ; elytra densely clothed
with yellow pubescence, Length 2.8-3.2 mm.
Marion, Orange and Posey counties; searece. June 1—June 9.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1317
2436 (7796). MorpeLtistena aripa Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XIV.
1862, 48.
Larger and slightly darker than lutca. Ridges of tibize and tarsi longer
and stronger than there, those of the first joint of hind tarsi much more
oblique. Length 3.54 mm.
Lake, Porter and Tippecanoe counties; scarce. June 27—-July
21. The specimens from Lake and Porter counties were taken from
the flowers of the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia rafinesquii Engelm.
Both LeConte and Smith state that
arida has but two ridges on first joint,
but all the specimens at hand have three.
Dr. Smith pronounces them arida, stat-
ing that ‘‘the difference in the ridges is ]
within the range of variation.’’ This is,
of course true, but how about the keys,
which are based on an unvarying num- aH b
ber of ridges?
GROUP C. ;
Fig. 577. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of
In this group the tibia bear two Mordellistena trifasciata; b, elytron of same;
Z c, elytron of M. limbalis. (After Smith.)
equal oblique parallel ridges on the
outer face. (Fig. 577,a.) The following species have been taken
or should oceur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges.
b. Secoud joint of hind tarsi with but one oblique ridge.
c. Elytra black with two transverse yellow bands, the front one part-
ly interrupted at suture hy a prolongation of the black band at
base.
d. Body black; thorax black with basal margin and sides dull yel-
low. 2437. TRIFASCIATA.
dd. Body yellow; thorax yellow with a faint fuscous cloud on disk.
2438. LEPIDULA.
ce, Elytra without transverse yellow bands.
¢. Color above wholly or in great part pale.
f. Thorax with front angles and a large spot on center of disk
black. 2439. LIMBALIS.
ff. Thorax and elytra wholly pale clay yellow. 2440. VAPIDA.
ee. Color above wholly or in great part black or piceous.
g. Flytra with a reddish-vellow oval humeral spot.
2441. BIPLAGIATA.
gg. Elytra without distinct humeral spot.
h. Wead, thorax and legs, except the hind femora, reddish-yel-
low. DIMIDIATA.
1318 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLIDA.
hh. Head, thorax and legs black or piceous; pubescence of ely-
tra dark brown with light hair intermixed. INTERMIXTA.,
bb. Second joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges.
i. Body yellow; thorax with front half yellow with a median cloud,
basal half black. DECORELLA.
vi. Body black; thorax black with two small spots on apical margin
reddish-yellow. BIPUSTULATA.
aa. First joint of hind tarsi with three oblique ridges.
j. Second joint of hind tarsi with one oblique ridge.
k. Piceous clothed with brown silken pubescence; elytra paler.
PICIPENNIS
kik. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow. FULVICOLLIS.
jj. Second joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges.
1. Elytra black with a reddish or orange-yellow humeral spot.
m. Head reddish-yellow. MILITARIS.
mm. Head black. SCAPULARIS.
W. Elytra without distinct humeral spot.
n. Body reddish-yellow ; base of thorax black. 2442. ORNATA.
nn. Body black.
o. Head wholly or partly reddish; thorax brick-red, usually with
an oblong black spot near base. 2443. COMATA.
oo. Head and thorax black ; pubescence brownish-gray.
2444. ASPERSA,.
2437 (7798). MORDELLISTENA TRIFASCIATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
V, 1826, 248; ibid. II, 308.
Body narrow, nearly parallel. Color given in key: head dull yellow ;
legs and abdomen tinged with same hue. Length 2.3-2.8 mm. (Wig. 577. 0.)
Putnam and Spencer counties; scarce. May 24-Jnly 25.
2438 (7799). MorbrLnistena LeEPIDULA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Nei.
XIV, 1862, 48.
Torm of preceding. Color given in key; elytra with three black and
two yellow bands as in trifasciatu: abdomen and hind tibiw and tarsi varied
with black. Length 2-3 mm.
Pulaski and Monroe counties; rare. June 19-June 25. Taken
from flowers of hercules club, Aralia spinosa L,
2459 (7800). Morvre.ristena VIMBALIS Melsh., Proc, Phil Acad. Nat. Sci.
TT, 1845, 315.
Slender, wedge-shaped. Large spot on front of head, disk and front
angles of thorax, suture and side margins of elytra blackish; legs, meta-
sternum and base of antennie yellow; mesosternum and abdomen blackish.
Length 8mm. (Fig. 577, Cc.)
ss . :
Lake, Tippecanoe and Knox counties; scarce. June 4+July 5.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1319
PHU CSO). MORDELLISTFNA VAPIDA Lec.. Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., NIV.
Ts, 4u,
Slender. feebly wedge-shaped. Vale clay yellow, sparsely clothed with
long yellow pubescence; elytra svmetimes a little darker on apical third.
Length 2-3.5 mm.
Orange County: rare. May 2+. Ranges eastward to New York.
2441 (7803). MorDELLISTENA BIPLAGIATA Helm., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Svi..
SVL sees, tis.
Rather robust. wedge-shaped. Black, elytra with a reddish-yellow oval
humeral spot; palpi, tibize. tarsi. basal joints of antenne and part of aldo-
men, reddish-brown. Length 3-4 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. May 3-October 23. Occurs in
spring, especially on flowers of Crataegus; in autumn rarely on
fungus.
VM. dimidiata Helm., length 2-3 mm., was described from Illi-
nois; VW. intermizta Helm., length 2.5 mm., is known from IHinois
and New York; WV. decorella Lec., 3 mm., VW. hipustulata Helm., 2-3
mm., VW. picipennis Smith, 4 mm., WV. fulvicollis Melsh., 2-3 mm..
and WV. militaris Lec.. 2-3 mm. in length, have all been recorded
from Cincinnati; bipustulata and fulvicollis also from Illinois. J.
scapularis Say. 4 mm. in length, is said to occur in the ‘* Middle and
Western States.”’
2442 (7813). MORDELLISTENA ORNATA Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei..
Ti, F403.
Narrow, slightly wedge-shaped. Ilead and front half of thorax red-
dish-yellow ; elytra each with a large triangular spot on basal half, suture
and narrow margin or line behind middle, yellow. Length 34+ mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. May 21—July 13.
2443 (7816). MoRDELLISTENA coMATA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,
1858, 15.
Linear. slightly wedge-shaped. Color given in key; front and middle
legs partly dull yellow. Length 2.S-3.2 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. May 27-June 21. The
Indiana specimens are of the variety cervicalis Lec., and resemble
marginalis Say very closely. differing only in having one less ridge
on hind tibie and first joint of tarsi. If these ridges and color of
thorax are variable, as some authorities claim, several of the forms
with black body and reddish head will have to be combined under
Say’s name.
2444 (7817). MORDELLISTENA ASPERSA Melsh., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IT.
1845. 314.
Narrow, slender. Black; pubescence rather dense and evenly distributed.
brownish-gray in hue. Hind tibie with a trace of a third ridge. Length
2-3 mm.
1320 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLID.©.
Throughout the State;
common. May 5-August 2.
( “The legs vary from pale
| brownish-yellow to dull black,
the pubescence from brown-
ish-black to ash-gray, and the
head from deep black to dull
a re) si 8
a. red.’’ (Smith.)
Fig 578. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of Af grammica; b, elytron i |
of M infima; c, elytron of Mf andrew; d, elytron of VW. gram- Group D.
mea, In this group the hind
tibiw bear two parallel ridges, the upper one much longer and ex-
tending almost across the outer face of the tibia. (Fig. 578, a.)
The following species have been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP D.
a. Tirst joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge.
bv. Elytra black with two yellow bands as in trifasciata, AMICA,
bb. Entirely black; pubescence grayish. PICILABRIS.
aa, First joint of hind tarsi with ihree or four, second with two oblique
ridges.
ce. First joint of hind tarsi with only three oblique ridges. (Fig. 57S, a.)
d. Body yellow; elytra yellow, with base, tips, suture and a large. ob-
long marginal spot black. 2445. GRAMMICA.
dd, Elytra not as ahove.
e, Elytra and entire body pale brownish-yellow. 2446. TESTACEA.
ee, Elytra in part or wholly black or piceous.
f. Elytra pale reddish-brown with the suture and margin black:
body black. D447. VARIANS.
ff. Wlytra without distinct markings.
g. Thorax wholly reddish-brown; elytra with reddish humeral
spot. SEMIUSTA,
gg. Thorax black or piceous; elytra without humeral spot.
h. Wead in part or wholly reddish: front and middle legs
pale reddish-yellow.
i. Elytra with sage-green pubescence: front of head only
reddish yellow. DELICATULA.
i. Wlytra with brownish-vellow pubescence; head wholly
reddish-brown. aCrmENS,
th. Body and legs entirely black. DHIS, NIGRICANS.
ee, First joint of hind tarsi with four oblique ridges (Fig. ST. a): pie-
eous, clothed with fine silvery pubescence. SPLENDENS,
MM. amica Lee., 2.5 mm., and V. picilabris Helm., 2 mm. in length,
have been recorded from Cincinnati; the latter also from [linois.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1321
2445 (7826). MorvELnLisTeENA GRAMMIcA Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
ATV. 1862, 50.
Elongate, subparallel. Head. thorax and body yellow; elytra as men-
tioned in key; abdomen often blackish. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. (Fig. S578, d.)
Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. June 12—July
8. Oceurs especially on flowers of wild hydrangea. This includes
the ustulata of LeConte, which differs only by being a Little darker
vellow and having the marginal dark lines of elvtra very narrow.
P44G (——). MORDELLISTENA TESTACEA S$}. NOV.
Slender. parallel. Uniform dull brownish-yellow ; pubescence rather
close, paler yellow. Length 2.35 min.
Putnam County; rare. July 25. Taken from flowers of Noli-
dago.
2447 (7TS28). MorpDELLISIENA vARIANS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
XIV, 1862, 50,
Form of grammica. Thorax black at base: front legs yellow; hind
tibize and tarsi dull yellow, the joints black. Length 2.5-3 mim.
Marshall and Lawrence counties; scarce. June +June 13. In
one specimen the metasternum is yellow and the thoracic dark spot
small, thus forming 2 connecting link between this and grammica,
M. semiusta Lee., 2-3 mm. and VW. delicatula Dury, 3.8 mm. in
length, have been recorded from Cincinnati. VW. ruficeps Lec., 3
mm. in length, is said to occur in the Middle and Southern States.
P4IS (7833). MOoRDELLISTENA NIGRICANS Melsh., Pree. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
II, 1845, 315.
Linear. Blackish-picecus:; elytra sparsely clothed with gravish-vellow
pubescence; labrum, palpi and four basal joints of antemme dull reddish-
brown. Length 2 mm.
Owen, Monroe and Perry counties;
scaree. May 16-June 1). Beaten from
tHowers of Cornus.
VM. splendens Smith, very slender,
length 6 mm.. is known from Illinois,
Ohio and Florida.
GrouP IE.
In this group the hind tibie each bear
three short, equal, parallel ridges in ad-
dition to the subapical one. (Fig.
Fig 579. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of V
579, b.) The following have been taken splendens; b, same of Jf. pustulata; c, elytron
i f M. pustulata. (After Smith.
er probably occur in the State: Ope pur mith.)
1322 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLID.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP E.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge; elytra
brownish-yellow, with six dark brown spots, the apical one trans-
verse. SEXNOTATA.
ad. First joint of hind tarsi with three or more oblique ridges.
b. First joint with only three ridges. (Fig. 579, b.)
“ ¢, Second tarsal joint with one ridge; thorax black, elytra reddish-
brown. 2449. SMITHIL
cc, Second tarsal joint with two ridges. (Hig. 579, b.)
d. Third hind tarsal joint without ridges.
ce. Body black.
f. Elytra with numerous spots of silvery pubescence. (Tig.
579, ¢.) 2450. PUSTULATA.
ff. Pubescence of elytra not in distinct spots.
g. Elytra with lines of brownish-gray pubescence, confluent
behind. P2451. CONVICTA.
gg. elytra with grayish-yellow pubescence. distributed uneven-
ly over the surface. 2452. MORULA.
cc. Body fuscous or dark reddish-brown; pubescence silky brown.
2453. AMBUSTA.
dd. ‘Third tarsal joint with two oblique ridges; reddish-brown, ely-
tra black ; pubescence fine and dark. S{NGULARIS,
bb. First bind tarsal joint with four ridges.
h. Second hind tarsal joint with two ridges.
i. Upper surface wholly piceous, covered with brown, silky pubes-
cence. 2454. UNICOLOR.
“i, Mead and thorax in part or wholly reddish-yellow.
J. Pubescence fine and dark; head and front legs in part black.
2455. MARGINALIS.
Ji. Pubescence dense, brownish-yellow ; head and front legs whol-
ly yellow. 2456. DIVISA.
hh, Second hind tarsal joint with three ridges ; color wholly black.
-EQUALIS.
If, sernotata Dury, length 3 min. , was described from Cincinnati.
2440) (——). MORDELLISTENA SMITHII Dury, Journ. Cinn. Soe. Nat. Iist..
XX, 1902, 177.
Subparallel. Piceous black ; elytra dark reddish-brown, the region of
the humeri somewhat paler; front and middle legs dull brownish-yellow :
pubescence coarse, yellowish. Length 3.5 min.
Putnam and Crawford counties: rare, June 28— July 4+. De-
seribed from Cincinnati. In one specimen the hind angles of thorax
and the hind legs are of the same hue as the elytra.
2450 (7839). MoRDELLISTENA PUSTULATA Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.
Tl, 1h4h, 214,
Linear. Black; elytra spotted as mentioned in key. the spots often ar-
ranged in oblique bands, Length 2-3 mm. ( Pie. 379, ce)
Throughout the State; common. May 13-—July 14.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1323
2451 (7840). MOoRDELLISTENA CONVICTA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
XIV, 1862, 50.
Linear. Black; pubescence of elytra arranged in distinct narrow lines.
Length 3 mm.
Marion and Perry counties; scarce. May 20-May 30.
2452 (7843). MorpeLtistena MoruLA Lec., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,
XIV, 1862, 50.
Resembles pustulata in form and size, but the pubescence is yellowish
and is scattered unevenly over the surface. Length 2-3 mm.
Lake County; rare. May 29-June 12. A member of the Alle-
ghanian fauna.
2453 (7844). MOoRDELLISTENA AmBUsTA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei,
XIV, 1862, 50.
Nearly linear. Dark reddish-brown, the head and thorax often slightly
darker. Ridges of hind tibise longer and more oblique than usual. Length
3-3.7 mm.
Vigo, Knox and Crawford counties; scarce. June 2-July 4.
J. singularis Smith, length 5 mm., is known from Georgia and
near Cincinnati.
2454 (7846). MorpdrLiuistrna Unicotor Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
XIV, 1862, 50.
Slightly wedge-shaped. Uniform ‘lark reddish-brown, thickly clothed
with brownish-yellow pubescence. Length 3.4 mm.
Marion and Putnam counties; rare. June 7—June 28. Differs
from ambusta only by the additional ridge on first joint of hind
tarsi.
2455 (7847). MorDELLISTENA MARGINALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
IIT, 1824, 278; ibid. IT, 165.
Rather robust; wedge-shaped. Black; head and thorax reddish-yellow,
the former usually with a black spot; the latter either with base entirely
black or with a quadrate oblong spot extending from middle to scutellum,
and another on each hind angle. Length 3-4 min.
Throughout the State. common: much more so in the northern
counties. May 29-September 25. Taken by sweeping. J/. comata
resembles this species closely and is apt to be confused with it.
9456 (———). MORDELLISTENA DIvISA Lec., Col. of Kan. and EK. N. Mex..
1860, 17.
Slightly wedge-shaped. Head, front and middle legs and front half of
1324 FAMILY LXI.—MORDELLIDA.
thorax bright yellow; elytra densely clothed with yellow pubescence. Length
2.5-3 mm.
Lake County; rare.
September 22. Although
Smith places divisa as a
synonym of marginalis, yet
| I | the specimen at hand is
very distinct by the much
brighter yellow of head
L C a and legs and the character
of the pubescence.
M. wqualis Smith,
; leneth 5 mm., was de-
Fig. 580. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of M. scalaris;
b, elytron of same: ¢, elytron of M. pubescens; d, ely- seribed Fr om nor t h ern
tron of Af. bihumata. (After Smith.) a _
Illinois.
Group F.
In this group the hind tibiw are marked with four to six short,
oblique ridges. (Fig. 580,a.) The following species have been
taken or perhaps occur in the State:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP F.
a. Wind tibie with only four ridges besides the subapical one.
b. Fourth ridge very small or rudimentary ; first joint of hind tarsi with
three, second with two oblique ridges.
c. Body black.
d, Elytra with an undulated band before the middle and a large
oblong spot near tip, fuscous. (Fig. 580, 0.) SCALARIS,
dd. Elytral markings of silken yellow, not fuscous, pubescence.
e. Elytra with a curved band from humerus to suture, a cross-
band behind middle and another at tip of silken yellow pu-
bescence. (Fig. 580, c.) 24ADT. PUBESCENS.
ec. Klytra with two oblique bands connected by a line near mar-
sin, and also the apex yellowish pubescent.
2458S. BIHAMATA,
ce, Body uniform brownish-vellow ; elytra with two very oblique bands
of silken velow pubescence. Y459. LITURATA.
bb. Fourth ridge of hind tihisw distinct.
f. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges ;
elytra fuscous, clothed with short, yellow pubescence.
2460. FUSCATA.
ff. First joint of hind tarsi with five ridges; second joint with three
ridges, third with none.
h. Color reddish-brown. 2461. HOoOsIERI.
THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 1325
hh. Color black; suture of elytra very narrowly gray.
2462. SUTURELLA.
ad. Hind tibise with five or six very sinall oblique ridges ; black, elytra with
a long basal spot, an wndulated band behind the iuiddle, suture and
tips of yellow silken pubescence, DISCOLOR.
Jf. scalaris Helm., length 4 mm., was deseribed from Illinois.
2457 (7851). MorbELLISTENA PUBESCENS Fabr., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 123.
Rather robust. Black, pubescence brownish; thorax wholly black or
reddish-yellow with a black discal spot; elytra with a humeral lunule and
two bands of yellow pubescence as mentioned in key. Length 2.5-3 mm,
(Fig. 580, ¢.)
Southern third of State; frequent. June 4—July 13. Swept
from herhage.
2458 (7852). MORPELLISTENA BIHAMATA Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Nci.,
II, 1844, 313. :
Differs from pubescens hy the somewhat more slender form and by hay-
ing the elytra darker, with the yellowish pubescent bands connected on sides
by a broad line of similar pubescence. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. (Fig. S80, @.)
Southern half of State; frequent. May 24—July 29. One of our
most handsome species. he spots which are enclosed hy the bands
of yellowish pubescence vary much in size and shape. The thorax
varies in hue as in pubescens, and a large series will doubtless show
that the two are the same, and are connected by the hebraica of
LeConte which Smith has placed as a synonym of pubescens.
2459 (7853). MORDELLISTENA LITURATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
II, 1845, 314.
Slender, somewhat wedge-shaped. Thorax with three badly defined dis-
eal clouds. Elytra with a narrow marginal line and two oblique bands of
yellow pubescence. Length 2-3 mm.
Knox and Posey counties; rare. June +-July 6.
2460 (7854). MOoRDELLISTENA FUscATA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..
II, 1845, 313.
Rather robust, wedge-shaped. Very dark reddish-brown or fuscous:
front and middle legs and basal half of antennze dull reddish-brown. Length
4-5 mm.
Crawford County; rare. June 28.
2461 (——). MORDELLISTENA HOOSIERI sp. nov.
More slender and paler reddish-brown than fuscata, the pubescence
sparser and a little longer ; antenne, front and middle legs wholly dull red-
dish-yellow. First joint of hind tarsi with five distinct ridges. Length 3.5-
4.5 mm.
1326 FAMILY LXII,—ANTHICIDA.
Kosciusko County; rare. June 19. Described from two speci-
mens taken by sweeping low herbage in dense woods.
2462 (7861). MorveLtisreNa suUTURELLA Helm., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
XVI, 1864, 105.
Robust, wedge-shaped. Dense uniform black, except the suture, which
is very narrowly gray. Length 4.3-5 mm.
Tippecanoe County; frequent. June 21—June 25. Taken by
Wolcott.
M., discolor Melsh., length 3.5-4 mm., occurs in the ‘‘Middle and
Southern States,’’ and has been recorded from Cincinnati.
Family LXII. ANTHICIDA A.
Tue ANT-LIKE FLower BEETLES.
Medium or usually small-sized beetles varying much in form but
agreeing in having the head drooping and strongly constricted be-
hind the eyes into an abrupt slender ueck; thorax narrower than
elytra; hind coxe not prominent; tarsal claws almost always simple.
Some of them bear a striking resemblance to ants, and others are
remarkable for a prominent horn on the front of the thorax. They
oceur for the most part on flowers, though some live in rotten wood,
and others in burrows in sandy places near water. None of them
are known to be in any way injurious. The name Anthicide is
from that of the typical genus Anthicus, meaning variegated or
‘like a flower.’’
In addition to the characters mentioned, the Anthicide have the
antenne nearly filiform, rather long, 11-jointed, inserted before the
eyes at the sides of the front; elytra rounded behind, covering the
abdomen, which has five, rarely four or six, free ventral segments;
front cox conical, prominent, contiguous, the cavities confluent
and (except in Dilandius) open behind; middle coxe with dis-
tinct trochantins; hind ones transverse, nearly contiguous except in
the tribe Andhicini; tarsi withthe uext to last joint usually emargi-
nate.
About 1,150 species of Anthicidw ave known, 265 of which are
listed from North America, Casey having deserihbed 138 of them in
asingle paper. The following is the principal literature treating of
these North American forms:
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Anthicites of the United States,’ tn
Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1852, 91-104.
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1327
LeConte— ‘Synopses of the Genera Eurygenius, Stereopalpus,
Macratria, Corphyra and Nylophilus,’* in Proe. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sei., VII, 1855, 270-276.
Horn.— ‘Synopsis of the Species of the Corphyra of the U. 8.,”’
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., ITI, 1871, 278-283; V, 1874, 40-
43; X, 1883, 305-310.
LcConte-—‘Table of the Species of Xylophilus,’’? in Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc., XVIT, 1878, 425-426.
Horn——‘ Synopsis of the U.S. Species of Votorus and Wecyno-
tarsus,’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884, 165-176.
Cascy.— ‘Synopsis of the Anthicide of the U. S.,’’ in Ann. N-
Y. Acad. Sei., VITT, 1895, 624-809.
The family is subdivided by Casey into six tribes, five of which
are represented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF ANTHICID-E.
a. Abdomen composed of five free segments; tarsus (except in Iecyno-
tarsus) with the next to last joint lobed beneath; tibial spurs gen-
erally distinet; labial palpi minute.
b. Neck wide; eyes large, finely faceted and generally emarginate; size
larger, 6-15 mm.
e. Tarsal claws simple or slightly dilated at base; thorax constricted
near apex. Tribe I. EtryYGENIINI, p. 1527.
ce. Tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth on the inner side at base.
® its apical part abruptly bent; thorax not constricted near apex.
‘Tribe Tl. Peptrixt p. 1920.
bb. Neck narrow; eyes not emarginate; thorax constricted at apex:
smaller, less than 5 mm.
d. Eyes large, oval, rather finely granulate; basal segment of abdo-
men elongate; hind cox close together; tarsal claws with a
broad basal tooth. Tribe III. Macrarriini, p. 1332.
dd. Eyes small, rounded, generally coarsely granulated; basal segment
of abdomen not elongated; hind coxz somewhat distant; tarsal
claws simple. Tribe IV. ANTHICINI. p. 1333.
aa. Abdomen composed of four free segments, the first or basal one formed
of two firmly united but with the suture sometimes evident; tarsi
with the second joint from last lobed beneath; tibial spurs obsolete;
jabial palpi with the last joint large and more or less dilated.
7 Tribe V. NyLopuHiiini. p. 1343.
Tribe I. EURYGENTINI.
Elongate beetles, clothed with gray pubescence and having the
mandibles broadly truncate at tip; maxillary palpi dilated; next to
last joint of all the tarsi bilobed. Representatives of two of the five
genera occur in the State.
[S4—23402]
1328 FAMILY LXII.—ANTHICID/A.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EURYGENIINI,
a. Last joint of maxillary palpi broad, hatchet-shaped; eyes narrowly and
distinctly emarginate on lower side. I. Rerocomus.
ad. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, pruning-knife shaped; eyes very
slightly emarginate. IJ. STEREOPALPUS.
I. Rerocomus Casey. 1895.
This genus comprises most of the species formerly classed under
Eurygenius Laf., which Casey states is confined to Brazil. But one
of the five recognized species occurs in the State.
2463 (7869). Rerocomvs witpit Lec., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VIT, 1855,
270.
Elongate, subeylindrical. Black, head and thorax densely clothed with
brownish-gray hairs; elytra each with five narrow rows of similar puhes-
cence, these alternating with narrow black stripes bearing small isolated
patches of gray hairs; under surface and legs brownish, densely clothed
with gray hairs. Thorax subcordate, about as wide as long; disk densely
and coarsely punctate and with a deep median impressed line. Elytra one-
half wider than thorax, densely and coarsely punctate. Length 10-12 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; scarec. Mav 10-June 17. Beaten
from flowers, especially those of the fale indigo (Amorpha fruti-
cosa L.) and osage orange.
II. Srmreopanrus Laf. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘solid + palpus.’’)
Casey recognizes 11 species of this genus, seven of which he de-
scribes as new. Two well-known species occur in the State and ru/i-
pes, one of Casey ’s new ones, was described from Indiana. I have
not seen specimens of it, but give his distinctions between it and
the others as follows:
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STEREOPALPUS
a. Elytral pubescence uniform in distribution and in general tint; head
equal in width to thorax.
b. Upper surface uniform grayish-fuscous in hue, the elytra often slight-
ly paler. 2404. MELLYI.
bb. Elytra light yellowish-brown, always distinctly paler than thorax.
2405, VESTITUS.
ad. Elytral pubescence not uniform in distribution and hue, they being
closely and finely mottled with small irregular clusters of slightly
greater density: legs dull reddish- yellow, RUFIPES,
2404 (7873). STEREOPALPUS MELLYI Laf., Mon. des Anthic., 1848,
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Fuscous, thickly clothed with eray-
ish pubescence; legs often varying tou reddish-brown. Thorax bell-shaped,
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1329
about as wide as long, widest in front or middle; surface densely and rather
coarsely punctate and usually with a distinct median impressed line. Ely-
tra densely and coarsely punctate. Length 7-S mm.
Northern third of State; frequent on alder and other shrubs
about the borders of lakes. June 24 Aucust 27.
2465 (TS74). STEREOPALPUS VESTITUS Nay. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II,
S824. 273: ibid. II, 161.
Broader and more rebust than mellyi. Head, therax and under sur-
face fuscous; elytra and legs pale brown. the latter often tinged with fus-
cous. Thorax with median line usually obsolete or visible only on basal
half. Otherwise as in mellyi. Length S-10 mm.
Throughout the State. frequent in the northern counties; much
less so southward. June 12—August 6. Occurs with the preceding
on foliage near water. Listed as badiipcunis Lec. It is my opinion
that imellyi will be found to be only a narrower, darker form of this
species, those examples of wellyi with slightly paler elytra forming
the intergrades. Sav’s name is the older of the two.
Tribe II. PEDILINIT.
Very neat, oblong or elongate black (rarely brown) beetles hav-
ing the thorax usually vellow, subglobose and polished; mandibles
truncate; antennsx (in our species) slender and subserrate; maxil-
lary palpi feebly dilated; next to last joint of tarsi bilobed. The
males have six distinct ventral segments and often have the tips of
elytra impressed and polished.
The tribe is represented by the single genus (‘orphyra Say.
Casey has substituted for this the old name Pedilus, but Horn has
given (Trans. ITI, 278) good reasons why Say’s name should stand,
so it is here retained.
III. Corpoyra Sav. 1535.
Horn in his latest paper on Corphyra (loe. cit.) lists 20 species
as belonging to the North American fauna. Dury has shown* that
«a number of these are very closely related and probably svnonym-
ous. The thorax in all species is elliptical with all the angles
rounded; in the wholly blaék species it is somewhat wider and less
convex than in the others. Eight of the 20 forms have been taken
in the State, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CORPHYRA.
a. Thorax with a distinct impressed median line; elytra of males simply
tipped with yellow, not impressed. 2466. CANALICULATA.
peer ease ee
*Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 177.-
1330 FAMILY LXI.—-ANTHICID.
aa. Thorax without median line; elytra of males more or less distinctly im-
pressed at tips.
b. Head and elytra wholly or in great part black.
c. Elytral tips of male yellow.
iL. Last two ventral segments of male yellow ; legs yellow.
2467. ELEGANS.
dd. Abdomen wholly black in both sexes.
c. Thorax entirely red; legs black; elytra sparsely punctured.
2468. TERMINALIS.
ee. Thorax in part or wholly black.
f. Legs black. NEWMANTI.
ff. Legs pale. 2469, FULVIPES.
ce. Blytral tips of male black.
g. Legs yellow; thorax black at middle, its sides reddish-yellow.
2470a. var. PULCHRA.
gg. Legs entirely black.
h. Clypeus pale yellow; thorax as in pulehra. 2470. LABIATA.
hh. Clypeus black; elytra with pruinose surface.
i. Thorax black; elytra rather densely punctured.
2471. LUGUBRIS.
ii. Thorax reddish; elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured.
2472. COLLARIS.
bb. Head, elytra and legs uniform brown. 2473. BRUNNEA,
2466 (7885). CoRPHYRA CANALICULATA Lec., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1866,
148.
Black, feebly shining; thorax subopaque, reddish-yellow; two basal
joints of antenne and palpi paler. Elytra rather coarsely and roughly, not
densely, punctured. Length 5-6 mm.
Marion County; rare. May 2. Beaten from flowers of Cra-
hegus. The female is said by Dury, who has collected them near
Cincinnati, to be much more common than the male and to vary
much in color, the thorax sometimes being black and the legs pale.
2467 (7886). CoRPHYRA ELEGANS Hentz., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, 257.
Elytra piceous black with a bluish tinge, shining. Thorax, legs, two
basal joints of antenne and palpi usually reddish-yellow. Elytra rather
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 7 8 mm.
Wells and Marion counties; rare. May 19-June 5. The thorax
in the single male at hand is black, with the apical angles reddish-
yellow.
2468 (TSST). CORPHYRA TERMINALIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Nei, V.
1826, 247; ibid. IT, 311.
Black, shining; thorax red. Elytra coarsely, deeply and sparsely pune-
tured. Length 5-7 mm.
Marion and Jackson counties; scarce. April 25-May 20.
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1331
2469 (7889). CoRPHYRA FULVIPES Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 375.
Black, shining; thorax black (female) or reddish with a darker center
(male). Elytra coarsely and rather densely punctured. Length 6.5-8 mm.
Knox and Posey counties;
scarce. May 20—June 10.
C. newmani Lee. length 6.5
mm., is recorded from Maine, Can-f
ada and New York. It is probably
only a variety of fulripes.
2470 (7893). CoRPHYRA LABIATA Say,
Journ. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 247;
ibid. II, 311.
Piceous black, feebly shining; pal-
pi, clypeus, labrum and two basal joints
of antenne pale yellow; thorax red-
dish-yellow, with a broad median black
space. Elytra densely and rather finely
punctured. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig.
581.)
Southern half of State; fre-
quent. May 16-June 13. Occurs
on the greater horseweed, cup- plant, etc.
Fig. 581. (Original.)
2470a (7892). CoRPHYRA LABIATA PULCHRA Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., I, IS45, 83.
A variety of labiata, differing only in having the legs yellow. Length
7-8 mm.
Lake and Posey counties; scarce. May 28—August 1.
PATL (7894). CorPHYRA LUGUBRIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1826.
246; ibid. II, 310.
Color wholly black except the labrum, two basal joints of antenne and
tarsi, which are reddish-brown. Length 6-S mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. April 25-August 1.
Beaten from foliage of buckeve and red haw.
2472 (7895). CoRPHYRA COLLARIS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., Vo 1827.
246; ibid. II, 311.
Black; thorax red. Elytra with coarse, deep, sparsely placed punc-
tures. Length 5-5.5 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 6-July 10. Occurs
especially on leaves of May-apple.
2473 (-——). CorPITYRA BRUNNEA sp. noy.
Thorax yellow; two, lisal joints of antennie brownish-yellow; other-
wise uniform Van Dyke brown, feebly shining. Thorax more transverse
1332 FAMILY I.XUI.—-ANTHICID.4E,
and shorter than in terminalis. Elytra finely and very sparsely punctured.
Males with elytral impression smaller, more oval and more distant from
apex than in any of the other species. Length 4-5.5 mm.
Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 6-July 10. Occurs
especially on leaves of May-apple, Podophyllum peltatum L. Not
an immature form, as at first supposed, the sparsely punctured ely-
tra with wholly different impressions in males showing its specific
rank.
Tribe HI. MACRATRIINI.
This tribe is also composed of a single genus of narrow brown
or black pubescent species, having the head deflexed, constricted far
behind the eyes into a very slender neck; maxillary palpi com-
pressed and dilated, the last joint large and hatchet-shaped; last
three joints of antenna much longer than the others; first joint of
hind tarsi very long; males with a sixth abdominal segment visible.
IV. Macrarri, Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘long + three.’’)
Two of the four known species occur in Indiana.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MACRATRIA,
a. Pubescence of upper surface very fine and dense; head rather finely
and densely punctate. PATS. MURINA.
aa. Pubescence rather coarse and sparse; head yery minutely aud sparsely
punctured. 2475. CONFUSA.
2474 (7915). MAcRATRIA MURINA Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 91.
Elongate, slender, subeylindrical. Dark olive gray, densely clothed with
fine, silken, yellowish hairs; antenne and legs dull vellow, the femora often
piceous. Head subtruncate behind the eves: antemne with second and third
joints nearly equal, 11th almost as long as 9th and 10th united. Thorax
but slightly wider than head, one-half longer than wide, base strongly mar-
gined, angles all rounded, disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra with
rows of fine, close-set punctures which are almost hidden by the dense pu-
bescence. Length 4.5-5 min.
Marion, Floyd and Posey counties; searce, June 23-July 9.
Occurs on willow bushes and the foliage of water-willow along
streams.
2475 (7914). MAcRATRIA CONFUSA Lec., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. VII,
HS05, Sie;
More slender and darker than muring. ead more rounded behind the
eyes. Thorax more slender, not wider than head, less narrowed in front.
Elytral rows of punctures shallow, indistinct. Length 4-4.5 min,
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1333
Lawrence County; rare. June 5. The legs, in the single speci-
men at hand, are pale, whereas LeConte says that they are piceous,
with the base of front thighs rufous. .A member of the Austrori-
parian fauna.
Tribe IV. ANTHICINT.
To this tribe belong by far the greater number of species of the
family. They have the neck very small; mandibles emarginate at
tip; middle cox nearly contiguous; ventral segments five in both
sexes. Casey has divided the tribe into 16 genera, representatives
of ten of which have heen taken in Indiana:
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANTHICINI,
a. Thorax prolonged near apex into a horn-like process.
b, Hind tarsi not longer than the tibire. VY. NotToxts,
bb. Hind tarsi much longer than the tibire. VI. MecyNOTARSUS.
aa, Thorax not prolonged over the head.
e. Very small and slender ant-like forms, having the front coxal cavi-
ties closed behind by a prolongation of the acute side pieces of the
prosternum; head oblong, the eves very small, placed in front of
middle. VIL. DrLanprus.
ee. Less ant-like in appearance; the front coxal cavities widely open he-
hind.
d. Sides of mesosternum more or less abnormally dilated; length not
over 4 min.
e. Thorax deeply constricted or narrowed behind the middle.
f. Antenne thick, moniliform or bead-like; constriction of thorax
extending across the dorsal surface. VIII. Tomoperts.
ff. Antenne long and slender; constriction of thorax not extend-
ing across the dorsal surface.
g. Last joint of maxillary palpi small or moderate, hatchet-
shaped; body very sparingly punctate and bearing long.
erect sete or hair-like bristles. IX. MALporus.
gg. Wast joint very large and dilated, the sides equal; punctua-
tion fine and dense without setre. X. LApprus.
ee, Thorax not constricted except very feebly and near the hase, the
sides oblique and straight; antenne stout; femora club-shaped,
the front ones strongly so. XI. HEMANTUS,.
dd. Sides of mesosternum not dilated but straight and slightly oblique,
forming a point between the broad episternum and the coxe;
length less than 3.5 mm.
h. Thorax normal and evenly convex; head subquadrate or rounded
behind.
i, Thorax moderately large, oblique at the sides near base; pu-
bescence simple. NIL ANTHICUS.
1334 FAMILY J.XI.—ANTIICID.E.
ii. Thorax relatively small, not quite as long as wide, sinuate at
the sides near base; antennee with an abrupt though feeble
three-jointed cluh; pubescence consisting of two sets of hairs.
XIII. Sapintus.
hh. Thorax abruptly sloping and fiattened in front, head strongly
triangular; body stout and convex. XIV. AMBLYDERUS.
V. Noroxus Geoff. 1762. (Gr, ‘‘back +sharp.’’)
The members of this genus are easily distinguished by the tho-
racie horn which extends in a sort of hood over the head and by the
short tarsi with the next to last joint slightly dilated. Five of the
32 species recognized by Casey have been taken in the State, while
another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NOTOXUS.
a. Blytva uniform purplish black. 2476. BICOLOR.
aa. Flytra more or less variegated in hue.
b. Elytra black or piceous, with pale markings.
c. Blytra each with two large oblique spots of pale tint; elytral tips
truncate in female. 2477. TALPA,
ce, Blytra crossed by two pale crossbars, one before, the other behind
the middle, these interrupted at suture; elytral tips rounded in
both sexes, 24TS. BIFASCLATUS.
bb. Elytra pale, with a single black crossbar behind middle, which is
more or less produced forward along the suture; usually also with
other dark markings.
d. Dark crossbar of elytra placed at apical fourth and continued along
the suture to the base; also usually an elongate dark spot each
side. 2479. ANCHORA.
dd, Dark crossbar just behind middle, continued along suture but a
short distance.
e. Thoracic horn broader, always distinctly but finely toothed on
sides; elytra each with an irregular subapical dark spot and
with two small spots near seutelluin, 2480. MONODON.
ee. Thoracic horn narrower and more elongate, never toothed: ely-
tral tips dark in color, the sides behind basal third also dark.
APICALIS.
2476 (7916). Noroxus Bicotor Say, Amer. Ent., I, 1824, 21; ibid. I, 21.
Head and apical half of antennz fus-
cous; thorax, legs and under surface red-
dish-yellow : elytra purplish-black, clothed
With a fine. prostrate, silken, gray pubes-
cence. Thorax oval, slightly broader than
long; horn rather broad, obtuse at tip, its
sides coarsely toothed; its crest margined
HWlytra with tips rounded and alike in the sexes; sur-
face finely, not densely punctured. Length 8.5 mn. (Fig. 582.)
Fig. 582 x 9. (After Say.)
and finely serrate.
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES, 1335
Southern two-thirds of State, frequent; not noted in the north-
ern counties. March 25-November 28. Probably hibernates be-
neath leaves and rubbish, where it is taken by sifting in spring and
fall; most abundant in May and June on flowers and foliage of
various plants.
2477 (7918). Noroxts TALPA Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 50.
Thorax, antenne and legs dull reddish- =
brown; head, under surface and elytra pic- 7
eous, the latter each with a large, oblique
pinkish spot extending from humerus to mid-
dle of suture and another more narrow on
apical third. Thorax oval, distinctly wider
than long; horn rather widely margined and
serrate, its crest abruptly and strongly ele-
vated, distinctly margined and slightly crenu-
late. Elytra with tips rounded and disk
obliquely impressed behind humeri in male;
tips truncate and disk scarcely impressed in
female; surface finely but not densely punc-
tate. Length 35-4 mm. (Fig. 583.)
Northern third of State; frequent on
foliage of hazel and oak along the bor-
ders of lakes and marshes. June 18—July 27. The pale spots of
elytra vary much in size, sometimes exceeding the dark marking in
area, but usually much less. It forms almost a connecting link be-
tween monodon and bifasciatus.
Fig. 583. (Original )
2478 (7919). Noroxts Birasciatus Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1848, 89.
Piceous, shining; antenne, thorax and legs usually reddish-brown; ely-
tra with pale bars as mentioned in key; pubescence fine and sparse. Tho-
rax globose, slightly wider than long; horn moderate in length, distinctly
margined, sides feebly serrate, its crest abruptly elevated and margined, not
serrate. Elytra finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.8 mm.
Northern half of State, frequent; not taken south of Vigo
County. June 9-July 15. Occurs especially on flowers of Cornus
and wild cherry. Resembles talpa, but the pale bars of elytra are
transverse, narrow and vary little in size.
2479 (7925). Noroxus ancHora Hentz., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. V,
1827, 375.
Reddish-yellow, sparsely pubescent, with erect hairs intermingled with
the prostrate ones; elytra with dark markings as mentioned in key; head
and thorax often in part fuscous. Thorax oval, not wider than long, rather
densely and regularly punctate; horn narrow and long, both it and crest
margined and toothed at the sides, the crest narrow, feebly elevated. Ely-
tra with tips obliquely truncate in male, separately rounded in female; sur-
face rather densely and finely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm.
1386 FAMILY LXII.—ANTHICIDA,
Northern third of State; scarce. June 13-July 23. Occurs in
company with talpa on foliage about water. The black markings of
elytra vary much in area, some specimens being almost wholly pice-
ous, while in some the oblong black mark on sides is lacking.
*2480 (7923). Noroxus MoNopon Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 289.
Rather elongate and slender. Dull
brownish-yellow; elytra with a crossbar
behind middle, two basal spots and often
a subhumeral and subapical spot on each,
piceous; head and thorax on sides often
piceous. Thorax oval, slightly wider than
long, sparsely and finely punctate; horn
rather broad, margined and serrate at the
sides, its crest in large specimens distinctly elevated and serrate, in smaller
ones scarcely elevated and granulate. Elytra oblong, their tips rounded in
both sexes; surface rather coarsely and densely punctured and with rows
of erect hairs intermixed with the dense, prostrate, grayish pubescence.
Length 2.5-4 mm. (Fig. 584.)
Throughout the State; frequent. January 11—-December 28.
Hibernates beneath logs, mullein leaves, etc. In summer occurs on
foliage, and often beneath cover in sandy places. As in the other
species, the dark markings vary. The subhumeral spot on sides is
more often present than absent, and sometimes forms a black mar-
ginal stripe connecting with the crossbar. The subapical dark spot
is absent in several specimens at hand, but I do not follow Casey in
considering them specifically distinct.
N. apicalis Lee., length 4 mm., is said to oceur from Miehigan to
Kansas, Texas and California.
Fig. 584. x 9. (After Say.)-
VI. Mrcynorarsus Laf. 1849. (Gr., ‘elongate + tarsus.’’)
This genus differs from Notoxus in having the tarsi of all the
legs slender and much longer than in that genus, while the next to
last joint is cylindrical, without lobes. One of the four species
occurs in the State.
2481 (7930). Mrcynorarsus cANpIDUS Lev., Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc. VY,
1875, 175.
Uniform pale dull yellow, almost translucent, clothed with very tine
silken pubescence. Thorax oval, broader than long, rather densely and
finely punctate; horn triangular, suddenly narrowed at base, both it and
crest margined and finely toothed, the latter narrow and feebly elevated.
Elytra oval, very finely and densely punctulate, the tips rounded in both
sexes. Length 2 mm.
Vigo County; rare. May 29. One from beneath ehunk in sand
near border of pond. Known heretofore only from the Southern
States.
THE ANT-LIKE PLOWER BEETLES. 1337
VII. Dmanptus Casey. 1895.
Of this genus its author says: ‘‘Peculiar in having the acute
side pieces of the prosternum behind the cox more inwardly pro-
longed than in Anthicus, so that they coalesce at or near the middle,
thus closing the coxal cavities. The mesosternum extends in one
extremely large unbroken polished plate from side to side of the
body ; its lateral edges bearing a sparse fringe of long stiff, bristly
sete.’’ Two species are known, one of which was described from
southern Il]inois and has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati.
2482 (——). Divanpivs MyrMecops Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII,
1895, 643.
Very slender and elongate. Black, densely and minutely pubescent:
basal half of antennz and legs paler; elytra with a narrow basal crossbar
and a broader one at middle light brown, the hind one bordered in front
by a narrow oblique bar of coarser, silvery white pubescence. Head rounded
at base, coarsely and densely punctate. Antenne one-half the length of
body, the third joint longer than fourth. Thorax slightly narrower than
head, much longer than wide, deeply constricted at basal third, the front
lobe globular; surface, as well as that of elytra, minutely and densely
punctate. BElytra much longer than head and thorax, and twice as wide
as latter; disk with a deep cross-impression near base. Length 2.8 mm.
Posey County; rare. April 7. One specimen from beneath
board in woodland pasture. Dury’s specimen was taken from be-
neath a flat stone on November 17, so that it probably hibernates as
imago.
VIII. Tomoperus Lat. 1848. (Gr., ‘‘eut+neck.’’)
Robust, convex species, with antenna stout, bead-like, thickened
and somewhat perfoliate near tips; femura stout, club-shaped; eyes
rather small, somewhat coarsely granulated; next to last joint of
tarsi bilobed.
#2488 (7933). TOMODERUS CONSTRICTUS Say, Journ.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826,
244; ibid. II, 309. ;
Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, sparse-
ly pubescent ; basal portion of elytra reddish-brown,
gradually merging into piceous; antennse dark red-
dish-brown. legs paler. Thorax strongly constricted
behind the middle, the front lobe subglobose, much
the larger, smooth or nearly so. Elytral punctures
very fine and irregularly placed on apical half;
coarser and in more or less distinct rows on paler
basal portion. Length 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 585.)
Hig: BRS, Tine diows carina
Southern half of State, common; not taken “% "Sie “(Gnuinal
1338 FAMILY LXII.—ANTHICIDZ.
north of Marion and Putnam counties, though probably occurs in
fewer numbers. January 21-December 8. Most common ‘in spring
and fall beneath chips, mullein leaves, stones, ete., and hibernates
in similar places. 7’. interruptus Laf. is a mere form in which the
hasal portion of elytra is more extended, with the rows of punctures
less regular. Intergrades between the two are common in the col-
lection at hand.
IX. Manporus Casey. 1895. (Gr., ‘‘had + walker.’’)
Rather slender, ant-like species, possessing the characters men-
tioned in generic key and having the head more strongly rounded
and the last joint of maxillary palpi smaller than in Lappus.
-Three closely allied species may occur in Indiana, though but two
have been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MALPORUS.
a. Blytral punctures distinct throughout the disk, fine and remote toward
apex, closer and coarse before the middle.
v. Thorax very strongly constricted; body throughout more sparsely
punctate; elytra without an apical pale spot. FORMICARIUS.
bb. Thorax much less strongly constricted; body more densely punctate;
elytra more parallel, the pale crossband less basal, each with an
apical pale spot. 2484. CINCTUS.
aa. Blytral punctures limited to the sub-basal transverse impression, which
is strong. 2485. PROPERUS.
2484 (7941). Mawprorus cinctus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., HI,
1824, 278; ibid. II, 165.
Dark reddish-brown, shining; elytra black or piceous, reddish at base,
and with a pale, narrow crossband, interrupted at suture, in front of mid-
dle, and usually a faint pale spot at margin of tips. Thorax narrower
than head, much longer than wide, strongly constricted on sides behind the
middle; the larger front lobe globose and sparsely punctured, the hind one
rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra with disk feebly, trans-
versely impressed on basal third, each with a distinct hump near suture
in front of pale bar; surface punctured and with erect setze as mentioned
in keys. Length 3-3.8 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. February 11—July 24. Occurs
beneath logs and rubbish, especially in sandy places near water.
Several dark specimens with apical pale spot lacking may be for-
micarius Laf., but I am unable to satisfactorily separate them as
distinct. That species is said to occur from Rhode Island to Iowa.
2485 (——). MALPorUS pRoperUs Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, VIII, 1895,
653.
More slender and somewhat paler than cinctus; eyes larger and more
convex; antennie more slender. Hlytra with basal transverse impression
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1339
much stronger and without distinct punctures except a very few within that
impression. Length 3.3-3.5 mm.
Putnam County; rare. April 27. One specimen taken by sift-
ing dead leaves. Described from Indiana and Lowa.
X. Lappus Casey. 1895.
Casey separates four species from Anthicus and describes 14
new ones under the above name. The characters distinguishing
them from .Valporus and allied genera are given in the generic key.
Two species have been taken in the State. :
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LAPPUS.
a. Body and legs deep black throughout; hind tibise of male not dilated or
sinuate. 2486. OBSCURUS.
aa. Body and legs reddish-brown; abdomen and apical portion of elytra
usually black or piceous; hind tibiz of male dilated and sinuate on
inner side. 2487. STURMII.
2486 (7936). Lappts opscurts Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 116.
Black, shining; finely pubescent except on basal third of elytra, where
the hairs become coarser and slightly paler. Thorax strongly constricted
near base, front lobe evenly rounded, widest at middle, hind one cylin-
drical; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and densely punctate. Sub-
basal transverse impression of elytra faint. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Orange and Posey counties; scarce. June 1-June 18. Beaten
from wild grape and elder.
2487 (7938). Lappus sturmii Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 304.
Reddish-brown, finely pubescent; elytra piceous, the basal third red-
dish and with a distinct crossband of coarser gray pubescence. Thorax less
strongly constricted, the basal lobe subcylindrical, its sides parallel. Sub-
basal impression of elytra distinct. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Tippecanoe, Crawford and Harrison counties; scarce. June 14-
July 5.
XI. Hemantus Casey. 1895.
Snfficiently distinguished hy the characters given in generic
key, ‘‘the mesosternum in our species dilated so as to extend more
than half way between the coxe and elytral humeri, its outer mar-
gin bearing a close fringe of long, fine decumbent hairs.’’
2488 (7945). HEMANTUS FLORALIS Payk., Faun. Suec., I, 1798, 256.
Reddish-brown, shining; head, abdomen and apical two-thirds of ely-
tra piceous; pubescence extremely short and sparse. Vertex with a distinct
notch or impression. Thorax widest near front angles, which are rounded ;
sides straight and converging to base; disk with a small double tubercle on
1340 FAMILY LXI.—ANTHICIDA.
middle near apex, its surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and rather
closely punctate. Elytra very faintly or not at all impressed behind the
humeri. Length 3-3.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. September 27. Occurs on flowers. A
European species, widely distributed throughout the United States.
2489 (10,727). HrmMantus BASILLARIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 279; ibid. TI, 165.
Resembles the preceding but without the double tubercle on front of
thorax and with a distinct impression just behind the humeri of elytra.
Length 8-4 mm.
Lake and Marion counties; scarce. January 17—-June 18.
XII. Anrnicus Payk. 1798. (Gr., ‘‘like a flower.’’)
A large genus of small species which, as limited by Casey, have
the mesosternum normal and undilated; last jomt of maxillary
palpi moderate in size and hatchet-shaped; antenne rather short
and gradually enlarged toward apex, the last joint entire; pubes-
cence consisting of but a single set of hairs in addition to the erect,
tactile sete. About 60 species are recognized, of which the follow-
ing have been taken or probably occur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHICUS,
a, Larger, 2.5 or more mm. in length; sides of thorax broadly rounded in
front, generally oblique and curved toward base.
b. Abdomen rather coarsely and sparsely punctured; body pale in color.
ce. Head densely and roughly punctate; elytra usually with a large
ill-defined piceous spot. 2490. SCABRICEPS.
ce. Head sparsely, coarsely and simply punctate; elytra with a fuscous
or piceous band at middle, interrupted at suture.
2491. EPHIPPIUM.
bb. Abdomen always minutely and more or less densely punctate; body
usually dark.
d. Reddish-brown; elytra with a dark interrupted crossbar at middle
and another near apex, the two enclosing a rounded pale spot
on apical third. 2492. CERVINUS.
dd. Wlytra not as above. 5
e. Color wholly black or piceous.
f. Head and thorax alutaceous and without pubescence; basal
margin of thorax completely obsolete. CORACINUS,
ff. lead and thorax pubescent as usual; thorax with sides ob-
tusely prominent near apex, thence straight and oblique to
base; elytra large, flat. SODALIS.
ee. Body black; elytra each with a well defined pale spot near base
and another near apex, these occasionally more or less con-
fluent; thorax feebly constricted before the base; occiput im-
pressed in middle.
#7. Wlytral punctures rather coarse and sparse, the surface shin-
ing.
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1341
h. Larger, 4 mm.; elytral pubescence long and distinct.
HEROICUS.
hh. Smaller. not over 3 mm.; pubescence very short.
2493. HALDEMANNI.
gg. Elytral punctures fine and very dense, the surface dull; basal
spots of elytra elongate, not confluent; pubescence short.
SAUCIUS.
aa. Smaller, not over 2 mm.; sides of thorax oblique and straight from
apical third to base; eyes very small and distant from base; color
dull brownish to yellow. 2494. MELANCHOLICUS.
2490 (7951). ANTHIcUs scapricers Lec., Agassiz Lake Sup., 1850, 230.
Elongate, rather narrow. Duark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; pu-
bescence dense and coarse. Head wider than long, truncate at base, both
it and thorax densely and roughly punctate or minutely tuberculate. Tho-
rax as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, converging behind. Elytra
twice as wide as thorax, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.
Northern half of State; scarce. April 23-November 28. The
elytra are for the most part piceous except at base and apex; rarely
they are wholly reddish-brown.
2491 (7956). ANTHICUS EPHIPPIUM Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 163.
Elongate. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax often reddish-brown ;
elytra with dark crossbar as mentioned in key; pubescence sparse, long and
rather coarse. Head broadly curved at base, sparsely and coarsely punc-
tate, smoother at middle; eyes large. Thorax about as wide as long, widest
one-third from apex; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely and
coarsely punctured. Length 3 mm.
Lake, Parke and Vigo counties; scarce. May 13-December 28.
Occurs beneath rubbish in sandy localities. According to Casey,
UeConte’s difficilis and confusus are hoth synonyms of this species.
#2492 (7959). ANTHICUS CERVINUS Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 181.
Reddish-brown, feebly shining, sparsely and finely pubescent; antenne
and legs dull yellow; elytra marked with piceous as noted in key. Head
broad, subtruncate at base, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, smoother
at middle. Thorax about as wide as long, the sides gradually but slightly
converging toward base; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and dense-
ly punctate. Length 2.4-2.7 mm.
Throughout the State; frequent. January 7—-October 9. Occurs
beneath rubbish, more commonly in sandy places. Hibernates as
imago. The head is usually darker than thorax and the front black
bar of elytra varies much in width, sometimes uniting with the
other so that the entire apical half is piceous.
A. coracinus Lee., elongate, tibie and tarsi pale, elytra parallel,
strongly and coarsely punctate, length 3.5-4.2 mm., is said to occur
jn the ‘‘regions near the Great Lakes.’’
1342 FAMILY LXII.—ANTHICIDA,
2498 (7961). ANTUICUS HALDEMANNI Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.
1852, 100.
Black or piceous; elytra each with a large, triangular spot on basal
fourth and a small rounded one on apical fourth, reddish-brown; antenne
and legs dull reddish-yellow. Head truncate and impressed at base, rather
coarsely and closely punctate and with an entire smooth median line. Tho-
rix as long as wide, broadly rounded on the sides in front; surface densely
and finely punctate. Blytra much more coarsely and less densely punctate
than thorax. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Pine and Hessville, Lake County; scarce. April 16—June 4.
The markings on elytra resemble some of the varieties of cervinus,
but the head and thorax are both distinctly wider and the elytra
more coarsely punctured.
2494 (7980). ANTHICUS MELANCHoLIcUS Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 174.
Suboval, convex. Color uniform, varying from piceous to dull brown-
ish-yellow, sparsely pubescent; antennz and legs paler. Head with base
truncate; surface finely and closely punctate and with a smooth median
line. Thorax slightly longer than wide, its sides nearly straight and feebly
converging to base; disk strongly convex, densely and finely punctate. Ely-
tra with humeri somewhat rounded; disk coarsely, deeply and rather closely
punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm.
Marion County; scarce. October 11. Taken from beneath
chunks in low, open woods. Easily known by its small size, uniform
color and small, convex eyes. LeConte’s spretus and latebrans are
said by Casey to be the same as Laferte’s species.
Casey (loc. cit.) described Anthicus sodalis black throughout,
length 3-3.2 mm., and A. heroicus black, legs testaceous, elytra each
with two large rufous spots, length 4 mm., both from ‘‘Indiana,”’
but I have seen no specimens. A. saucius Casey, length 3 mm., was
described from Iowa.
NIT. Sarinrus Casey. 1895.
This genns includes ten species differing from Anthicus by the
characters mentioned in key and by their having the body stouter,
with relatively longer elytra and smaller thorax; epipleure wider;
first joint of hind tarsi longer; tibial spurs shorter and much more
slender. In addition to the erect ‘tactile setw,’’ the elytral pubes-
cence consists of longer and more erect hairs arising from coarse
punctures, and shorter, more prostrate ones from minute punctures
of the intervals. Our two species belone to the group having the
eyes large and rather strongly convex and the body black or brown-
ish-black.
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1343
*2495 (7970). SAPINTUS PUBESCENS Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848. 177.
Head and elytra dark brown to black, shining; thorax dull; legs pic-
eous, the tarsi and basal half of antenne pale. Head finely and closely
punctate, truncate at base. Thorax wider than long, slightly narrower than
head, widest at apical third, the sides thence oblique and strongly con-
verging to base; surface finely and densely punctate. Elytra convex, more
than twice as wide as thorax, sides straight as far as middle; disk coarsely,
deeply and rather sparsely punctate, with a distinct hump each side of scu-
tellum ; the coarser, suberect bairs yellowish. Length 2.7-3 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. January 13—-June 13. Occurs on
ground beneath rubbish, hibernating sparingly beneath mullein
leaves, ete.
2496 (7971). Sapintus FuLviees Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 177.
Smaller and more narrow than pubescens. which it resembles closely.
Legs and antennz wholly dull reddish-yellow. Thorax much narrower than
head and more distinctly narrowed behind. Pubescence of elytra fine, short,
pale and conspicuous. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.
Lake, Lawrence and Dubois counties; scarce. May 5-October 6.
XIV. Ampiyperus Laf. 1848. (Gr., ‘‘obtuse + neck.’’)
The members of this genus occur, for the most part, along the
beaches of the sea and lakes. The strongly sloping front of the
thorax and the stouter, more oval body readily distinguish them
from Anthicus. One of the eight species recognized by Casev has
been taken in the State.
2497 (7976). AMBLYDERUS PALLENS Lec., Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 231.
Stout, convex. Uniform dull, pale yellow, rather
densely clothed with short, coarse, yellowish hairs. 3
Head triangular, base truncate and distinctly im- ee
pressed at middle, surface granulate, with a median
smooth line. Thorax cordate. slightly wider than head,
widest at apical fourth, thence much narrowed to
base; surface finely and sparsely granulate-punctate.
Elytra oval, one-half wider than thorax; disk finely, f
mot densely punctate. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 586.)
Lake and Porter counties; scarce. May 14- :
October 12. Occurs beneath rubbish on the sand {
beach and dunes of Lake Michigan, its hues so
blending with those of the sand that the insects
are scarcely visible until they move.
Fig 586. (Original.)
Tribe V. XYLOPHILINI.
Small oval or oblong forms separated by the characters given
in the tribal key and by having the head constricted close behind
the emarginate, usually hairy and coarsely granulated eyes; head
[85—23402] : it atl
1344 FAMILY LXII.—ANTHICIDA.
strongly deflexed, neck very small; last joint of maxillary palpi
large and hatchet-shaped; first joint of hind tarsi in our species
very long. Casey has divided the tribe into 13 genera, six of which
are probably represented in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XYLOPHILINI.
a. Byes hairy, deeply emarginate.
b. Head deeply sinuate at base, its hind angles round, not prominent;
pubescence of elytra short, matted and duplex. XV. ELoNvs.
bb. Head truncate at base; pubescence long. stiff and simple.
ce. Antenne inserted within the deep notch or emargination of eye,
those of male with fan-like processes; hind angles of head denti-
form, setose. XVI. EMELINUS.
ce, Antenne inserted just without the coarsely granulated eyes, sim-
ple in both sexes. XVII. ZoNANTEs.
aa. Eyes almost smooth, feebly emarginate, the notch sometimes almost ob-
solete.
d. Second and third antennal joints small. XVIII. PHomatus.
dd. Third antennal joint elongate; thorax narrower than head; body
elongate, black or piceous without spots.
c. Antenne gradually and feebly enlarged towards apex. VANONYS,
ec, Antenne terminating in an abrupt parallel five-jointed club.
TANILOTES.
XV. Eonus Casey. 1895.
Oblong, opaque species clothed with short hairs intermixed with
longer and more erect ones; head deeply constricted and strongly
sinuate at base; last joint of labial palpi large, suboval, truncate
and deeply concave at apex; antenne with second joint short, wider
than third, the last joint elongate, obliquely pointed or bent. Two
of the three known species probably oecur in the State, although
but one has been taken.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELONUS.
a. Brownish-black ; elytra orange at base, without a zigzag median band.
BASALIS.
aa. Grayish-black; elytra with an angulated narrow band about the mid-
die and an apical spot of gray pubescence. B48,
E. basalis Tee, length 2.8 mm.,
Tlinois.
NEBULOSUS,
is known from Virginia and
y st ie a arel oe .
S498 (7TH00). Enoncs nenutosts Lee., Trans. Amer. Int. Soce., V. 1875, 175.
Grayish-black, opaque: abdomen and elyiva brown, the latter reddish-
brown at base and marked with srayish pubescence as mentioned in key:
tarsi and palpi pale. Myes very large, separated by about one-third their
width. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the apex three-fifths as wide as
THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1345
base, sides feebly rounded, disk very densely punetate. WBlytra twice as
wide as thorax, parallel, deeply and coarsely punctate. Male with hind
thighs dilated and last joint of antennze as long as the three preceding
united. Length 2.5 mm.
Posey County; rare. May 28.
XVI. Eneninus Casey. 1895.
Eyes very large, sub-hasal, coarsely faceted; antenne two-thirds
as long as hody, those of male with third joint elongate and joints
4-11 each with a long appendage on inner side; third joint of
female scarcely longer than fourth, joints 4-10 equal, without ap-
pendages; basal joint of tarsi long and slightly bent near base.
2499 (7898). HMELINUS MELSHEIMERI Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 276.
Rather slender, convex. Head, under surface and femora piceous; tho-
rax reddish-brown, with three irregular blackish spots; elytra dull brown-
ish-yellow, with sides and three uneven crossbars blackish, sparsely clothed
with long yellowish hairs; antenne, tibie and tarsi dull yellow. Head
finely and sparsely punctate; eyes separated by one-third their width. Tho-
rax quadrate, narrower than head, sides parallel, disk finely and densely
punctate. Elytra parallel, twice as wide as thorax, narrowly impressed
each side of suture, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Marion County; rare. September 5. Known from Illinois and
Pennsylvania.
XVII. Zonanres Casey. 1895.
Eyes large, coarsely granulated, piaced close to base of head,
which is entire and truneate. Antenne with second and third
joints of subequal length, eleventh swollen at middle and obliquely
pointed. Two of the cight species have been taken in the State.
2500 (7902). ZONANTES FAScIATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. IT,
1846, 55.
Suboval, convex. Black; antenne, palpi, legs and tips of abdomen dull
yellow: elytra black, each with a large humeral spot and apical fourth red-
dish-yellow ; pubescence long, rather coarse and sparse. Thorax as wide
as head, subquadrate, sides parallel; disk finely and rather sparsely punc-
tate, feebly impressed along the median line. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, parallel, coarsely but not densely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. June J—June 20. Taken by beat-
ing flowers and foliage.
2501 (7904). ZONANTES stUBrascrATUs Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. V.
1875, 176.
Suboval, convex. Dull reddish-yellow; head fuscous; elytra with a
narrow median piceous bar, slightly wider at the sides; pubescence long,
1346 FAMILY LXIII.—PYROCHROIDA,
coarse and sparse. Thorax subquadrate, one-third wider than long, finely
und densely punctate and impressed along the median line. Elytra one-
half wider than thorax, densely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate. Length
1.5-1.7 mm.
Dubois County; rare. April 29.
XVITI. Promauus Casey. 1895.
Eyes large, rather widely separated, very coarsely granulated
and with a small rounded emargination; placed close to base, which
is strongly arched and elevated: eleventh joint of antenne rather
small and obtuse; thorax transverse, with sides parallel; abdomen
with basal segment more than equal to the others combined. One
of the two species occurs in the State.
2502 (7910). PHOMALUS BRUNNIPENNIS Lec., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V.
1875, 176.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Dark brown; head, thorax and middle and
hind legs piceous; pubescence grayish-yellow, short and rather dense. Tho-
rax wider than long, apex rounded; disk convex, slightly uneven, finely and
densely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, oblong, parallel,
finely and densely punctate and with a faint oblique impression on basal
third. Length 1.7-2 mm.
Vigo County; rare. April 16.
Vanonus piceus Lee., black, legs and antenne dark reddish-
brown, eyes separated by twice their own width, length 1.7 mm., is
known from Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin.
Lanilotes lacustris Casey, black, eyes separated by three times
their width, length 1.6 mim., was deseribed from Wisconsin.
Family LXNII. PYROCHROID.
Tim Fire-cotorep Breruxs.
A small family of moderate sized, broad depressed beetles hav-
ing the elytra rather soft in texture, usually widened behind the
middle and remarkable for their relative size. The head is almost
horizontal and constricted behind the eves into a rather slender
neck, both head and thorax being much narrower than the elytra.
Most of our species are conspicuous for the rufous thorax, which
contrasts with the black elytra and fer the prominent antenne
which are serrate or subpectinate in the female and usually with
THE FIRE-COLORED BEETLES. 1347
long, comb-like processes in the male. The name is from that of
the typical genus Pyrochroa, meaning ‘‘fire + color,’’? and was prob-
ably suggested by the presence of red or yellow in their coloration,
some of the foreign ones being almost wholly red. Our species live
in all stages under the half deeaved bark of trees and have little
economic importance.
In addition to the more prominent characters mentioned, the
Pyrochroide have the eyes emarginate, rather coarsely granulate
and sometimes very large; antenne 11-jointed, inserted at the sides
of the front just before the eves; elytra wider than the abdomen.
rounded at tips, the epipleurx visible only near the base; abdomen
with five free ventral segments, the fifth emarginate, exposing the
tip of sixth in male; front cox large, conical, contiguous, the eavi-
ties widely open behind; middle coxe with distinct trochantins ;
tarsi with next to last joint dilated, claws simple.
The principal papers treating of the North American species
are as follows:
LceConte.—‘ ‘Synopsis of the Pyrochroides of the United States,’’
in Pree. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VU, 1855, 274-275,
Horn-— ‘Synopsis of Dendroides,’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XV, 1888, 46-48.
The 11 known species from North America are divided among
four genera, all of which are represented in Indiana.
KEY TO GENERA OF PYROCHROIDA.
a. Eyes moderate in size, well separated.
b. Antenne simple; color dull yellow; thorax and elytra strongly cari-
nate. I. ISCHALIA.
bb. Antennze serrate or branched; the branches more or less rigid.
ec. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, pruning-knife shaped; length
13 or more mm. II. PyRocHroa.
ce. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, oval; smaller, not over S mm.
III. Scuizorus.
aa, Fexyes very large, sometimes nearly contiguous; branches of male an-
tenne very slender and flexible. IV. DENDROIDES.
J. IscrrauiA Pase. (Gr., ‘‘dried up.’’)
This genus is represented in the eastern United States by a
single small species which, on account of its peculiar sculpture, is
very different in appearance from any other Indiana beetle. The
body covering is much firmer than in other genera of the family
and the last joint of the maxillary palpi is large and hatchet-shaped.
1348 PAMILY LALIMA=PPYROCHROID:,
2508 (7990), ISCHALIA COSTATA Lec. New Sp. N. Am. Col. I, 1866, 142.
Oval, subdepressed. Dull brownish-yellow; head, abdomen and an-
tenne, except the last two joints. brownish-fuscous; elytra dusky with a
long stripe on side and tips pale. Thorax bell-shaped, without punctures.
sides thickened and reflexed; hind angles acute; disk with a strong median
carina ending in a point at the base. Elytra elongate-oval. very coarsely
punctured; each with a high ridge extending from humerus nearly to tips
and another, much feebler, very near the margin and reaching from near
the base to the tip. Length 4.5-5 mm.
Marshall Conntyv: rare. May 3. One specimen from decaying
cettonwood,
Il. Pyrocuroa Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ‘‘fire + color.’’)
Four species of large black and yellow forms belong here. Two
of the four occur in the State.
2504 (7991). PyrocHRos FLABELLATA Fab., Ent. Syst. Supp.. 1798. IT, 105.
Elongate. subdepressed. Reddish-yellow ; antenni. except the two basal
joints, piceous; elytra black, sparsely clothed with short. suberect pubes-
cence. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly wider than head; sides
and angles rounded, disk smooth, with a broad median impression at base.
Elytra distinctly wider behind the middle, finely and densely granulate-
punctate. Male with head broadly concave between the eres and antennze
with joints 5 to 10 more strongly pectinate than in female. Length 15-
17 mm.
Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties: much
less so northward. June 2-July 7. Occurs on foliage, especially
that of ironwood, in open woodland; also often beneath chips and
bark. .\ half dozen specimens were, on one occasion, found feeding
on a pungent, sourish sap which was exuding from a crevice in a
white oak stump.
2A05 (TONZ). PyRocHRoOA FEMORATIS Lee, roe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VIL.
Isha, 2k.
Resembles the preceding in form and color except that the under sur-
face, palpi, all the tibie and tarsi and part of middle and hind femora are
blackish. Thorax much narrower than in flubellata, searcely wider than
head. Male with a very deep double fovea between the eyes and with the
branches of antennal joints much longer and more slender. Females with
a broad. shallow exeavation between the eyes and the antenne about as in
the males of flabellata. Length 14-16.5 mm.
Marion, Crawford and Perry counties: scarce. May 14-June 5.
The elytra are much more shining and less rough than in flabellata.
THE FIRE-COLORED BEETLES. 1349
III. Scuizorus Newm. 1838. (Gr., ‘‘cleft + back.’’)
A single rather small, dull species represents this genus in the
Eastern United States.
2506 (7993). ScuizoTus cervicatis Newm., luntom. Mag.. V, 1838, 375
Elongate, suboval, depressed. Dull blackish-piceous, sparsely clothed
with fine, prostrate, grayish-yellow hairs; thorax, front of head and very
narrow sutural and marginal lines of elytra, obscure reddish. Thorax one-
half wider than long, sides and angles rounded; disk uneven, very finely
and densely punctate and with « wide, deep median groove. Elytra feebly
widened behind the middle, finely and densely granulate-punctate. Head of
males with a deep fovea each side at base and-with the branches of antenne
long and slender.
Lake County; rare. May 28. Taken from beneath the bark of
dead birch in the Kankakee Valley near Shelby. A member of the
Alleghanian fauna.
IV. Denprores Lat. (Cir., ‘‘branen or tree + like.’’)
Medium-sized species, readily known by the very large eyes
which, in the males, almost mect on top of the head, and in the
female are but slightly separated. Two of the four species recog-
nized by Horn occur in the State.
250T (7994). DENDROIDES BICOLOR Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 375.
Elongate, slender, subparallel.
Reddish-yellow ; head, antennee and
elytra piceous. Thorax about as wide
as long, widest at middle, the sides
strongly converging in front, slightly
sinuate near base; disk sparsely and
coarsely punctate, with a median
impression on basal half. Elytra
nearly parallel in male, distinctly
wider behind in female, coarsely and
587. a, Larva; b, pupa; ¢ beetle (female); d, ex-
yather closely punctate. Males more fans anal horns of larva; ¢, enlarged head of ee 7,
slender, with a narrower thorax and antenna of male. (After Riley )
with branches of antennal joints very long and slender. Length 9-13 mm.
(Fig. 8, No. 5, and fig. 587.)
Throughout the State; frequent. May 21-August 17. Occurs
beneath bark.
9508 (7995). DENDROTDFS CONCOLOR Newi., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 875
Elongate, slender, parallel. Uniform pale brownish-yellow. Thorax
distinctly longer than wide, narrower in frout; disk smooth and shining,
1350 FAMILY LXIV.—MELOID:.
the median impression visible at base only. Elytra parallel, coarsely and
rather closely punctate. Male antennze with last joint as long as the five
preceding, their branches as in bicolor. Length 11-13 mm.
Laporte County; rare. May 25. Taken from beneath bark of
pine.
Family LXIV. MELOIDAS.
Tur Om AND BuIstER BEETLES.
Medium or large-sized beetles of variable color, having the tho-
rax narrower than either head or elytra; the bodies soft in texture,
often loose-jointed and sprawly in appearance and usually slender
and subeylindrical in form; antennx of moderate length and in the
male sometimes curiously knotted or otherwise modified; head
broad, vertical and abruptly narrowed into a neck; elytra and sides
of abdomen with little or no co-adaaptation; tarsal claws cleft or
toothed, each claw usually bearing a long appendage closely applied
beneath it.
The name Meloide is of uncertain derivation. The larger, more
bulky species, belonging to the genus JJeloc. when alarmed exude
from the joints of the legs a yellowish oily liquid, whence the name
‘oil beetles,’’? often applied to them. To our more common forms
the name ‘‘blister beetles’’ is given, on account of their possessing
a peculiar principle called cantharidine which, when extracted and
applied to the human skin, possesses the power of raising blisters. _
In the adult stage the blister beetles are often injurious, since
they feed on cultivated plants such as beets, potatoes and tomatoes,
and a number of them are called ‘‘old-fashioned potato beetles,’’ a
term in use only since the Colorado potato bectle invaded the East.
Tn the larval stage, however, many of them are very beneficial, as
they feed upon the egg-pods of our common grasshoppers, thus
greatly lessening the numbers of these insects. The larve of the
blister beetles are also peculiar in that they undergo several more
changes than do ordinary beetles before reaching the adult stage, a
pseudo-pupal or inactive stage following the usual three or four
moults of the larval form, this being succeeded hy an aetive stage,
which in turn is followed by the usual pupal stage preceding the
final moult. The larva of the ‘‘oil beetles’’ live in nests of bumble-
and other bees, feeding upon the honey stored for the voune hee,
and henee are also injurious in this stage. ,
In addition to the more important characters mentioned, the
THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 1351
Meloidv have the antenne 11-jointed, inserted at the sides of the
front, before the eves: elytra variable in form, but when short never
truncate; abdomen with six free ventral segments; front and middle
coxw large, conical, contiguous, the front cavities widely open be-
hind; next to last joint of tarsi cylindrical, except in Tetraonys.
About 200 species of Meloide are known from North America,
the great majority of them being from the Western and South-
western States. These are treated in the following papers:
LeConte.— ‘Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States.’’ tn
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., VI, 1853, 328-350.
LeConte.-—‘Svynopses of the genera Pyrota and Pomphopua,”’
in New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1866, 159-161.
Horn.—‘ Revision of the species of several genera of Meloide
of the United States.”’ in Proce. Amer. Phil. Soe., NTIT, 1873,
88-117. Gives synopses of Macrobasis, Epicauta, Pompho-
pea and Cantharis.
Horn.—"Svnoptic tables of Zonites and Calospasta,’’ in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Sov.. V. 1875, 155; VII, 1878. 60.
Lr Conte.— ‘Synoptic table of Nemegnatha,’ im Trans. .\mer.
Ent. Soc., VITI, 1880, 212-215.
Horn.—‘‘ Studies amcng the Meloide,’’ iu Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., XII, 1885, 107-116. Gives synopses and descriptions
of Vacrobasis, Pyrota and Tetrasnyr.
Horn—‘‘Revision of Calospasta,’’ in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
XXIX, 1891, 99-102.
Wickham, I. P.—‘The Meloide of Ontario and Quehee,’? in
Can. Ent., XXVIII, 1896, 31-35.
Fall, H. C—‘Notes on Cantharis, with Synoptic Table,’ in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Sor.. XX VIT, 1901, 293-304.
The North American species of the family may he divided
among two subfamilies. both of which are represented in the State.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF MELOIDZ.
a. Side pieces of meso- and metathorax covered by the elytra: inflexed
portion of elytra very wide; inner wings absent; elytra (in our
species) short and overlapping the suture and leaving most of the
abdomen exposed; body large, clumsy.
Subfamily IT. MenLoin-e. pr. 1252.
Side pieces of meso- and metathorax visible; inflexed portion of elytra
narrow ; Wings usually present; elytra long. almost or quite covering
the abdomen (except in Nitarini), not overlapping at suture.
Subfamily IT. CaNTHARIN.E, p. 1553.
ad,
1352 FAMILY |LXIV.—MELOID.®.
Subfamily I. MELOINAE,
The members of our single genus of
this subfamily are known as ‘‘oil bee-
tles.”’? They are large, clumsy black or
bluish forms with short elytra, which do
not cover the unwieldy abdomen. They
have the tarsal claws cleft, the upper
and lower parts equal, and the antennz
of the males are curiously dilated near
the middle. (Fig. 588.) Being wing- Fig.538 Meloesp.? 1, male beetle; 2, larva;
less, they are found on the ground or low (Alter Fackard.)
herbage, and are more common in late autumn or spring. When
disturbed they emit a disagreeable fluid from the joints.
T. Metoz Linn. 1758. (Gr., ‘‘small animal.’’)
Three of the 14. species have been taken in the State and one
other perhaps occurs.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELOE.
a. Thorax not longer than wide.
b. Color dull black; thorax with an impression on basal half of median
line. 2509. IMPRESSUS.
bb. Color blue or bluish-black ; thorax not impressed.
c. Thorax rather densely punctate; elytra not roughly sculptured.
NIGER.
ce. Thorax coarsely and deeply, not densely, punctured; elytra coarse-
ly sculptured; color more decidedly blue and more shining.
’ 2510. AMERICANUS.
aa. Thorax longer than wide, sparsely and irregularly punctate; color deep
bluish-black ; elytra finely rugose. 2511. ANGUSTICOLLIS.
2509 (8006). MErELor rmpressus Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., 1837, 241.
Dull black with a faint bluish tinge. Thorax about as wide as long,
widest at apical third, thence feebly narrowed to base; disk coarsely and
sparsely punctured and with an impression just behind the middle. Elytra
rather densely and shallowly rugose. Length 11—14 mm.
Vigo County; rare. May 12.
M. mger Kirby, blue-black, feebly shining, length 12.5-15 mm.,
is known from Canada.
2510 (8013). MrLor americanus Leach, Linn. Trans., XI, 1815, 251.
Bluish-black; elytra more decidedly blue in male. Thorax about as
wide as long, but slightly narrower than head; rather densely punctate on
apical half, much more sparsely s9 on basal portion. Length 16-24 mm.
Southern half of State; searee. April 10-December 25. Noted
only in late autumn and early spring. On October 28 T onee found
THE OIL AND BLISTER BERTLES. 1353
six of these beetles close together near the margin of a wheat field.
One female had the abdomen partly buried in the soft, recently
ploughed earth, and on removing her I found a circular mass of
yellow eggs, 150 or more in number. Say states that americanus
is ‘not uncommon and is sometimes gregarious in great numbers.’’
2511 (S012). MeLoe aneusticotyis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1824, 280; ibid. II, 166.
Head and thorax dark blue; elytra and abdomen violaceous. Head
alutaceous, finely, deeply and very sparsely punctured. Thorax one-half
narrower than head and nearly one-half longer than wide; sparsely and
deeply punctate and, in male, with two small impressions each side of mid-
dle. TElytra finely and shallowly rugose. Length 12-15 mm.
Vigo County; scarce. September 18. The adults are said to
feed upon the leaves of the buttereup. This and the preceding spe-
cies are often confused in collections, and Wickham evidently has
the names transposed in his table of Canadian species. Say states
that both head and thorax of angusticollis are ‘‘strikingly narrower
than the body,’’ while LeConte says that the thorax is nearly one-
half longer than wide, both of which statements are true of this, but
not of americanus.
Subfamily Il. CANTHARINAE.
In addition to characters given in the key, the species of this
subfamily have the body much more slender and the elytra meeting
evenly along the suture; claws cleft to base, the upper portion some-
times pectinate. Representatives of four of the five tribes (sub-
tribes) and seven of the 24 genera, recognized by LeConte and
Horn, oecur in the State.
KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CANTHARINA.
a. Front not prolonged beyond the base of antennie; labrum small, scarce-
ly visible; elytra (in our species) dull red.
Tribe I. Horunr. p. 1354.
aa. Frout prolonged; frontal suture and labrum distinct.
b. Mandibles prolonged beyond the labrum, acute at tip.
c. Elytra entire; tarsal claws cleft.
Tribe II. NEMOGNATHINI, p. 1354.
ce. Elytra rudimentary; wings wanting; tarsal claws simple.
Tribe ITI. Srrantmni. p. 1357.
vb. Mandibles not prolonged, obtuse; elytra entire; antenne straight.
not thickened toward the apex, Tribe IV, CANTHARINI, p. 1257.
1354 FAMILY LXIV.—MELOID4.
Tribe I. HORIJINI.
In this tribe the head is large, squarely truncate behind; an-
tenne not very long and not thickened toward apex; eyes trans-
verse, kidney-shaped; claws of tarsi cleft to base, the upper portion
with fine comb-like teeth, the lower one very slender. One of the
two genera is represented in the State.
Il. Trrorania Lec. 1860. (Gr., ‘‘three times + head.’’)
Head triangular; last joint of maxillary palpi longer than
third; mandibles not toothed; hind tarsi one-half shorter than
tibix. One of the three species occurs in the State.
2512 (8021). TRICRANIA SANGUINIPENNIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
III, 1824, 279; ibid. II, 166.
Elongate-oblong. Black, sparsely clothed with short, erect hairs; ely-
tra uniform brick red. Thorax subquadrate, about as wide as head, one-
third wider than long; surface, as well as that of head, densely, coursely
and roughly punctate. Elytra densely and rather finely rugose. Length
7.5-9 mm.
A few specimens taken by Woleott near Hessville, Lake County.
April 15-May 1. Occurs on sorrel and beneath cover in sandy
localities.
Tribe II. NEMOGNATHINI.
Our members of this tribe are rather small, oblong species, hay-
ing the head triangular and squarely truncate behind; maxillary
palpi not dilated, the fourth joint longer than third; tarsal claws
cleft to base, the upper portion with strong, comb-like teeth, the
lower one equal in length, acute and generally more slender than
the upper. Two of the three genera are represented in the collection
at hand.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NEMOGNATHINI,
a. Maxillw with the outer lobe prolonged, bristle-like: antenne not thick-
ened toward apex. III. Ne mogn avira,
aq. Maxille with outer lobe not prolonged. ~ IV. Zonitis.
TIT. Nemoenarua Ill, 1807. (Gr., ‘a thread + jaw.’’)
In this genus the outer lobe of the maxillw is prolonged into a
slender, flexible process, sometimes nearly as long as the body, which
resembles somewhat the sucking tube of a butterfly. Four of the 18
species recognized hy LeConte have been taken in the State, while
two others may occur,
THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 13855
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEMOGNATHA.
u. Palpi rather short, not very slender, hairy; spurs of hind tibize equal
in size, rather slender.
b. Elytra finely and very densely punctured; thorax not wider behind.
c, Thorax quadrate; maxille two-thirds or more the length of body.
d. Thorax densely punctured; color variable. PIEZATA.
dd. Thorax sparsely punctured; elytra either wholly yellow or brown-
ish-yellow, with a black stripe. 2513. PUNCTULATA.
ec. Thorax nearly oval, yellow, with black spots, finely and rather
sparsely punctured; maxilla half the length of body.
2514. NEMORENSIS.
bb. Elytra less finely and less densely punctured, yellow, with a wide
black stripe; thorax yellow, rather sparsely punctured.
CRIBRARIA.
ad. Palpi longer and more slender, not hairy but only pubescent; maxille
less than half the length of body; spines of hind tibize broad, obtuse.
e. Thorax rather finely and densely punctured; elytra wholly orange
yellow or rarely with a broad black stripe. 2515. VITTIGERA.
ec. Thorax very coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate; elytra yel-
low or dark brown. 2516. CRIBRICOLLIS.
N. piezata Fab., male with fourth ventral broadly suleate, fifth
impressed, length 7-11 mm., is said to oceur from the ‘‘ Atlantic Re-
gions to Colorado and Montana.”’
2513 (8032). NEMOGNATHA PUNCTULATA Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
VI, 1853, 347.
Elongate-oblong. Orange yellow, sparsely clothed with yellow hairs;
antenne (except at base), tarsi and greater part of under surface blackish.
Head finely and densely punctate, with front flat; occiput swollen. Tho-
rax one-third wider than long, sides almost straight, disk sparsely, coarsely
and irregularly punctate. Elytra minutely and very densely punctured.
Length 8-11 mm.
Jackson County; rare. July 16. The form described is var.
flavipcunis Uhler. In the typical form the upper surface is brown-
ish-yellow, the elytra with a black stripe.
2514 (8034). NEMOGNATHA NEMORENSIS Hentz., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc..
IIT, 1830, 258.
Elongate-oblong. Black, rather thickly clothed with short, erect black
hairs; mandibles, middle of head and thorax yellow, the latter usually with
two black spots on basal half which are often united. Maxillre one-balf
the length of body. Wength 6.5-7.5 min.
Crawford County; rare. June 2—June 28.
N. cribaria Lec., male with fourth and fifth ventrals impressed
and with median tufts of black hairs, length 6.5-8.5 mm., ranges
from ‘‘the Middle and Western States to New Mexico.”’
1356 PAMILY LXIV.—MELOID/.
Yy15 (SO40). NeMOGNATHA VITTIGERA Lec.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,
1853, 348.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish- yellow ; elytra usually with a broad
discal black stripe; antenne, tibize and tarsi blackish. Thorax as wide as
long, sides almost straight, apex rounded. “wlytra densely, roughly and con-
fluently punctate. Length 9-11 mm.
Two in Webster collection labelled ‘‘Ind., Baker ;’’ probably
from St. Joseph County. Recorded from Illinois, Missouri and
Texas.
2516 (8041). NEMOGNATHA CRIBRICOLLIS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
VI, 1858, 348 :
Oblong. Color exceedingly variable, in the type dull yellow with an-
tenue and tarsi brownish; in the specimens at hand (fuscipennis Lec.)
dark brown with head and thorax reddish-yellow. borax but slightly
broader than long. sides rounded. Elytra rather coarsely, densely and con-
fluently punctured. Length 5-9 mim.
Lake County; rare. June 29-July 4.
IV. Zonrtts Fab. 1775. (Gr., ‘‘girded or banded.’’)
Small oblong species with the maxille not prolonged; antenne
filiform, the first and third joints equal, the second a little shorter.
Two speeies have been taken, while another may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZONITIS.
a. Antenne not over half the length of body; eyes widely separated, not
extending beneath the head.
vb. Thorax without a median impressed line; elytra yellow, each with a
median piceous stripe which is abbreviated at base and apex.
2517. BILINEATA.
bb. Thorax with a distinct median impressed line; elytra brown with
suture and margins narrowly yellow. 2518. SULCICOLLIS.
aa. Antenne bristle-like, nearly as long as the entire body; eyes large.
rather close together and extending beneath the head; thorax and
elytra very densely punctured; elytra brownish-yellow, with suture.
margin and narrow median stripe paler. LONGIVORNIS,
2olT (S049). ZoNIris BILINEATUS Say. Journ. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci. I, 1817.
223 ibid: E13;
Elongate-oblong. Dull brownish-yellow. Elytra usually with piceous
stripe as mentioned in key, this sometimes wanting: antenne, tibire and
tarsi in part or wholly fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than
long, front angles rounded, hind ones obtuse; disk coarsely and very sparse-
ly and irregularly punctured. Flytra with distinct. rather coarse and sparse
punctures. Length 7.5-9 mm.
Wells and Putnam counties; rare. June 11—July 29. Taken
from blossoms of wild rose.
THE Ol AND BLISTER BEETLES. 1357
2518 (——). ZoniTIs SULCICOLLIS sp. nov.
Elongate-oblong. Anteunie, occiput, tibike, tarsi and meso- and meta-
sterna brown; thorax, frout of head, femora, prosternum and abdomen yel-
low; elytra as mentioned in key. Head coarsely and rather closely pune-
tate, the middle of occiput smoother. Thorax slightly wider than long;
sides and all the angles strongly rounded; disk uneven, sparsely and coarse-
ly punctate and with a deep median impressed line. Elytra scabrous or
rugose without distinct punctures. Abdomen finely and densely punctate,
the apex of fifth ventral broadly and deeply concave. Length § mm.
Lake County; rare. July 29. ‘Taken from blossoms of the yel-
low flowered thistle, Cnicus pitcheri Torr. Very distinct from
bilincata in color, difference in sculpture of elytra and in having
thoracic impressed line.
Z. longicornis Horn, head nearly black, thorax darker at middle,
legs and antenne pale, leneth 10 mm., was deserihed from Central
THinois.
Tribe III. SITARINI.
To this tribe belongs a single North American species, Hornia
minutipennis Riley, which is parasitic upon a ground-bee (Antho-
pora sp.), which builds its nests in perpendicular clay banks. The
abdomen of the beetle is very large, as in J/eloc: elytra very small
and wings wanting. ‘The head is triangular, thorax elongate, tarsal
claws cleft; male with a double row of horny
plates on abdomen. It was deseribed from
near St. Louis, doubtless occurs wherever its
host lives, and should he looked for in early
spring.
Tribe IV. CANTHARINI.
Elongate, rather slender, subeylindrical
beetles, having the front marked with a dis-4
tinct transverse suture prolonged beyond the
insertion of the antenne; tarsal claws cleft to
base, the upper part not serrate, the two parts
in our genera subequal. (Hig. 589.) Four of Fi. oe sted fay.
the twelve genera are represented in the col-
lections, while members of two others perhaps occur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CANTHARINI.
a. Second joint of antennz at least one-half as long as third.
VV. MACROBASIS.
ad. Second joint of antenne much less than half the length of third.
pb. Next to last joint of tarsi bilobed. TETRAONYX,.
bb. Next to last joint cylindrical.
1358 PAMILY LXIV.—MELOID.
« Front femora with a silken, hairy spot on the under side; second
joint of antemnie very short; mandibles short. VI. FPIcAuTA.
ce, Front femora without a silken, hairy spot.
dv. Antenne filiform, the outer joints cylindrical. VIL. Prrota,
dd. Antenne thicker toward apex, the outer joints oval or rounded.
e. Lubrum deeply emarginate. VIII. PomMPHoPasa.
ee. Labrum slightly emarginate. CANTHARIS,
V. Macropasis Lee. 1862. (Gr., ‘long +a base.’’)
Our species of this genus are elongate, subevlindrieal, black
heetles clothed with gray pubescence and having the first joint of
antenne of male elongate and the second joint always more than
half the length of third; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular and
chliquely truncate; front thighs with spot of pubescence as in Epi-
cauta, to which the genus is very closely related.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MACROBASIS.
a. First joint of antenne unlike in the sexes, that of the male being much
thickened and longer than the next two; second joint of male equal
to third and fourth together; length not over 15 mim.
b. First joint of male antenne more or less S-shaped or with a distinct
sinuation on under side near apex; front tibize of male with one
terminal spur. 2519. TORSA.
bb, First joint of male antennse not sinuate or S-shaped, but slightly flat-
tened and feebly curved; front tibisee of male with two spurs.
c. Pubescence less dense, ash-gray; basal joint of male antenne longer
and wider, reaching the occiput; femora without long hairs be-
hind in either sex. 2520. WV NICOLOR.
ce. Pubescence more dense and with a distinct yellowish tinge; basal
joint of male antenme not reaching the occiput; femora of male.
especially the hind ones, clothed with long Lairs on their hinder
margin. 2521. FLAVOCINEREUS.
aa. First joint of antennie similar in the sexes and not in either sex longer
than the next two; second joint in both sexes not longer than third;
length 15-23 mm. 2522. IMMACULATA.
dara
2519 (S060). MAcroBasis Torsa Lee., Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. VI, 1853,
348.
Elongate, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with short, strayish pubes-
cence; antenne and legs black. Thorax slightly broader than long. sides
nearly parallel, curved at apex, median line impressed. 1ytra subparallel.
more or Jess pruinose, moderately punctured. Male with second joint of
antenne cylindrical, compressed. and with first joint of frout tarsi shorter
than second, narrow at base and more or less dilated. Female with second
joint of antenne slightly longer than third. Length 11-15 min.
4 . r > r % Y
Crawford County; rave. June 11. Known heretofore only from
Texas. Kasily distinguished from unieolor hy the contorted first
joint of male antenne.
THE Ol, AND BLISTER BEETLES. 1359
2520 (8061). Macropasis UNicoLor Kirby, Faun. Gor. Amer., 1837, 241.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, rather
densely clothed with grayish hairs which give
wn ashen hue to the upper surface. Thorax
slightly longer than broad, otherwise as in torsa.
Second joint of male antenne slightly longer
than the next two and nearly twice as wide; in
female one-half longer than third. Length 8-
15 mm. (Fig. 590.)
Throughout the State, frequent; more
so in the northern counties. May 21—Au-
gust 6. Commonly known as the ‘‘ash-
gray blister beetle’’ and occurs on false in-
digo, Kentucky coffee tree and other Fig. 590. Female beetle, 2: an-
leo ac: : 177 7 4+ tenna of male much enlarged. (After
eguines; also on potatoes and ironw eed, Ub Gaadcn ae ea 43, U.S. Div. Ent.)
and one or two species of Epicauta being
among the few living creatures which will attack the leaves of the
last-named plant.
2521 (——-). MACROBASIS FLAVOCINFREUS Sp. oY.
Slightly narrower and more .parallel than nicolor. Pubescence yel-
lowish-gray. Second joint of male antenn~ shorter and not much wider
than the next two: of female scarcely longer than third. Maxillary palpi
much longer and stouter than in wwieolor. All the femora of male, and es-
pecially the hind ones, with a fringe of long hairs on the hind margins, the
hairs curved near tips. Length 12-13 mm.
Starke County; rare. July 1. Very distinct from wnicolor in
the form of antennal joints and pubescence of femora of male.
2522 (8068). MACROBASIS IMMACULATA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad, Nat. Sci.,
ITI, 1824, 304; ibid. II, 170.
Elongate, male rather robust. Black, densely clothed with yellowish
or grayish pubescence. Thorax slightly longer than wide, otherwise as in
torsa. Elytra gradually broader behind the middle, especially so in male.
First joint of male antenne less than half the length of head; second joint
shorter than third. Female with second joint as long as or slightly longer
than third, and the first more slender than in male. Length 13-23 mm.
Southern half of State; scarce. May 24-August 2. Occurs on
goldenrod and wild morning-glory.
Tetraonyr quadrimaciulata Fab., head black, elytra yellowish,
apical third and large humeral spot blaek, length 10 mm., is known
from Georgia and North Carolina, and may occur in southern
Indiana.
VI. Eprcaurs Redt. 1849. (Gr., ‘‘upon+burn.’’)
The memhers of this genus closely resemble those of Wacrobasis
in form and are separated only by the difference in the basal joints
| S6—23402 ]
1360 PAMILY LXIV.—MELOID.©.
of the antenna. The first joint is usually shorter, rarely equal to,
and never loneer than the third,
4 and the second joint is never
greatcr in length than half the
third. Evicauta vittata and £.
marainata (Fig. 591). are both
known as ‘‘old-fashioned potato
bugs,’’ and frequently appear in
swarins in late summer and
sweep through a garden or field
before the farmer realizes the
nature ot the attack. They es-
peslaliv favor beets and certain
Compcsite when in flower. As
a rwe they disappear as sud-
4 _ denly as they come, some species
keing found in swarms on one
day only. Others remain a wee
or two and are then best gathered into kerosene pans, if at all pos-
sible. The arsenites lall them slowly. and a swarm that feeds for
a day or two before application is made and a day or two before
the specimens die has done about as much injury as would have
been caused without treatment of any kind. Driving them off with
bushes wielded by hand is sometimes practiced with fair success and
may be resorted to when circumstances favor the method.’ Six
species of the genus have been taken in the State, while one other
may occur.
Fig. 591 (After Forbes.)
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EPICAUTA.
a. Antennal joints of equal thickness throughout. cylindrical and clesely
united: eyes nearly as wide as long, feebly or not emarginate in
front.
). Head less densely }-unctured than thorax, usually brick red behind
the eyes. 2523. TRICHRUS.
bb. Head and therax similarly punctured, the former always lack; ely-
tra clothed with dense gray or grayish-yellow pubescence.
c. Thorax longer than wide. densely pubescent with a dark line each
side of middle. STRIGOSA.
ec, Thorax as wide as long. moderately shining. rather coarsely and
densely punctured. 2n24. FERRUGINEA.
aa, Apteunal joints on apical half always more slender, Icosely united and
more or Jess compressed: eyes always louzer than wide. emarzinate
in front, more finely granulate and less prominent than in these pre-
ceding.
d. Elytra clay yellow. each with two black stripes.
VITTEAT A:
THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 1361
dd. Wlytra black without stripes on disk.
c. Body beneath clothed with gray pubescence: elytra in part or
wholly gray-pubescent.
f. Wlytra wholly clothed with uniform gray pubescence.
2520. CINEREA.
ff. Elytra black, the narrow margins and suture only gray.
2527. MARGINATA.
cc, Body above and beneath wholly black; spurs of hind tibise unequal.
the outer one broader. 2528. PENNSYLVANICA,.
2523 (8079). EpicauTa TRICHRUS Pall., Icon. Ins., 1798, 100.
Hlongate, subcylindrical. Black, opaque; clothed with short, rather
dense, recumbent, black or gray pubescence, the gray often forming a mar-
ginal stripe and rarely a sutural line on elytra; head behind the eyes
usually red, though often wholly black or with a small red spot in front.
Thorax narrower than head, one-half longer than wide, coarsely and densely
punctured and with a fine median line. FElytra finely and closely granu-
late-punctate. Male with head less shining and more sparsely punctate
than female. Length S-11 mm.
Throughout the State; scarce. June 3—August 4. Occurs especi-
ally on the hedge bindweed, Convoluulus sepium L., also on Jersey
tea, sweet potatoes, ete. The specimens with head wholly black are
apt to be confused with pennsylvanica, but the different punctua-
tion of head and thorax will at once distinguish them.
E. strigosa Sech., thorax usually with two black spots and elytra
each with two black lines, length 7-10 mm., is said to oceur from
‘‘Pennsylvania to Georgia.”’
2524 (S082). LpIcAUTA FERRUGINEA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., ITT,
1824, 298; ibid. II, 167.
Elongate, slender. Black, elytra densely clothed
with grayish or clay-yellow hair. Head shining,
rather sprrsely and finely punctured. Thorax slight-
ly wider than long, coarsely but not densely punc-
tured. Blytra finely granulate-punctate, the sculp-
ture almost bidden by the pubescence. Length 4—
9 min,
Knox County; rare. July 10. Its range
is given as Dakota to New Mexico.
e595 (S003). Eprcauta virrara Irab., Syst. Ent.,
1708, 260.
Blongate, slender, subcylindrical. Under sur-
face black, densely clothed with short, prostrate
hairs; head, thorax and elytra dull clay-yellow,
enel with two black stripes. Mead broader than
thorax, the latter longer than wide. Length 12- Jig. 592. Line shows natural
is mm. (Fig. 592.) length. (After Forbes.)
1362 FAMILY LXIV,—MELOIDZ.
Throughout the State; common, but apparently much less so
than a score of vears ago. June 11-July 20. The best known of
the ‘‘old-fashioned potato bugs,’’ or blister beetles. Feeds on toma-
toes, potatoes and varivus weeds in low grounds. The writer’s
father, H. S. Blatchley, of Bainbridge, Indiana, always raised a
ereat many potatoes, which each season were more or less damaged
by these beetles. On one occasion, after sprinkling with London
purple and trampling and mashing five bushels, more or less, of the
beetles into the ground, he wrote of his experience as follows: ‘‘On
the next day. for every one that had been killed a dozen had come
to their funerals. A dashing rain having washed the poison from
the vines, the bugs went for them again and not until! after they
had devoured the last leaf and sucked the juice from the stalks
did they leave for yreencrr pastures. I have heard some people hint,
in a sly kind of way, as though they were fearful of offending some
august personage, that these blister beetles were the devil’s own.
This I have come to believe, and
“It’s my firm conviction and it makes me free to say
That we're indebted for their visits to ‘Old Scratch,
I judge from observation that from every egg they lay
A dozen little blister beetles hatch.
If ever they should visit you, you'll find they've come to stay.
And there’s nothing that their greediness can match.
If you undertake to hustle ’em it’s ‘possum they will play,
And a bushel in a minute you can catch.
The devil take his tater bugs, if I could have my Woy.
I'd tumble into Tophet the whole batch.
If such a blistering avalanche old Satan should disinay,
He probably would hump himself and scratch.”
2526 (SO9T). EricauTs CINEREA Forst.. Noy. Spec
Ths.. 1771, 62.
Elongate, rather robust. lack, uniformly
Gothed with gray pubescence. Ilead and thorax
densely and finely punctured. Elytra finely zranu-
late-punctate. Length 10-17 mm. (Pig ot
Vigo County; searce. September 22.
Known as the ‘gray blister beetle,”’
Lo2T (——). EpIcavta MarGINATA Fah., Syst. Ent.,
ATT, 260,
Klongate. robust. Black; head and sides of tho
rax densely clothed with gray pubescence, the lat-
Fig 593 (After Chittenden i Ro yene . : ;
Bull 43.0 3 Diy Ent) ter with a large triangular discal space black, this
divided by a gray median impressed line. Color of
elytra given in key. Sculpture of upper surface as in cinerea, Length 12 -
Tv mm. (Fig. 591.)
THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES, 1363
Throughout the State, common; more so
in the southern counties. July 1—September
18. Known as the ‘‘margined blister beetle, ’’
and oceurs especially on Clematis, but also on
beets, tomatoes, ete., and in later years seems
to have taken the place of vittata.
2528 (8104). Epicaura PENNSYLVANICA DeG., Meu,
V, 1775, 15.
Elongate, slender. Uniform black, opaque. -
clothed with fine, short, prostrate black hairs. Tho-
rax quadrate, the front angles rounded; surface (as
well as that of head and elytra) finely and densely
punctate and with an impressed median line. Length Mig. 594. (After Chittenden in
ani (Fig. 594.) Bull. 43, U S. Div. Ent.)
Throughout the State; common. August 19-October 9. Occurs
especially on goldenrod (Solidago), also on thoroughwort and rare-
ly, with the preceding, on ironweed. It is essentially an autumn in-
sect, as the above dates will show.
VII. Pyrora Lee. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘fire.’’)
This genus is separated from its allies by the form of the an-
tennal joints, which are all slender and cylindrical; the second
joint about one-fourth the length of third. The males have the
last jot of maxillary palpi transversely oval. with the under side
concave; in the female it is elongate and truncate at tip. In the
former sex the last ventral segment is notched.
2520 (8109). PyRoTA ENGELMANNI Lec., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,
1847, 91.
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dull yellow; antenne, tibiz and tarsi,
hind angles of head and six spots on thorax. black; elytra with three rather
wide black bars. the front and middle ones interrupted at suture, the former
composed of two oblong black spots which are often confluent; under sur-
face in part black. Head convex, sparsely punctate. Thorax longer than
wide, narrower at apex; surface very sparsely punctate. Elytra each with
two or three fine raised lines; very finely and densely punctate. Length
17-20 mm.
Starke and Wells counties; scarce. August 15-August 20. The
spots of thorax are arranged one on each side of middle of disk, one
slightly in front of each of these on the sides and two on the front
margin. Its range has heretofore been recorded as ‘‘Missouri to
Texas.’’
1364 FAMILY LXV.—RHIPIPHORIDA,
VII. Pompnoraa Lec. 1862. (Gr., ‘‘a blister.’’)
The only characters separating this genus from Pyrola and Can-
tharis are those set forth in the key. One of the five species occurs
in the State. :
2530 (8124). PomMpHorpaa z:NEA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III,
1824, 301; ibid. II, 168.
Blongate, slender, subcylindrical. Under surface, head and thorax
greenish, rather thickly clothed with long gray hairs; elytra bronzed and
with a few short, scattered hairs; antenne black; legs reddish-yellow, the
knees and trochantins black. Upper surface alutaceous, the head and tho-
rax sparsely, irregularly and rather finely punctured. Thorax bell-shaped
and with distinct median impressed line. Elytra finely rugose, not dis-
tinctly punctate. Iront tibie of male straight and with twu spurs; hind
tibial spurs unequal, the outer broader. Length 10-16 mm.
Putnam and Vigo counties; rare.
April 20-May 4. Occurs on blossoms of
apple, pear, ete.
P sayt Lee. (Fig. 595), length 15-18
nun., and P. unguicularis Lee., length
18-20 mm., were both described from
Illinois and may oeeur in Indiana. <Ac-
cording to the descriptions, they differ
)} very slightly from wnca, the elytra being
glabrous and the legs more or less blue-
black In unguicularis the hind tibie of
male are dilated toward apex and
strongly compressed, while in sayi the
one ao Pomphopea Sayi. 25.
gute hittenden in Bull. 88, U.S. Div. tibie are normal.
Family LXV. RHIPIPHORID.A.
Tae ReiprpHorip BEErues.
A small family of wedge-shaped beetles resembling the Mordel-
lidw closely in general appearance, but having the sides of thorax
without a sharp edge; hind body not terminating in a spinous
provess as in most Mordellids ; elytra usually shorter than the abdo-
men and narrowed hehind, with the inner wings longer and usually
more or less projecting; antenne pectinate or fan-shaped in the
males, frequently serrate in the females. The adults occur on
flowers and are much less common than the Mordellids. The larve
that are known are parasitic, some in the nests of wasps and others
on cockroaches,
In addition to the general characters mentioned, the Rhipiphori-
de have the head vertical, the neck verv slender and antinale i
THE RHIPIPHORID BEETLES. 1365
mersed in the thorax: eves large, usually very finely granulated;
mandibles not emarginate at tip: maxilla with the upper lobe often
firform; antenne 11-jointed (10-jointed in certain females) ; tho-
rax as wide as the elytra at base, much narrowed in front; abdomen
with a variable number of free ventral segments; front coxe large,
conical, without trochantins, the cavities open behind; hind cox
transverse, lamellate, contiguous; claws pectinate or toothed, rarely
simple.
Only about twenty-five species of the family are known from
North America. These are treated in the following works:
LeConte-——‘Notes on the species of Wyoditces inhabiting the
United States,’’ in Proce. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 96-98.
Horn.— ‘Notes on the species of Rhipiphorus of the United
States,’’? in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V. 1875, 121-125.
LeConte-—‘Synoptical table of Myodites, with descriptions,”’
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 210-212.
Horn.— ‘Synoptic table of Myodites.’’ in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., XTX, 1892, 48.
By LeConte and Horn the family is separated into four tribes,
represented hy five genera. Members of but two genera have as vet
heen taken in the State, though single species of each of two others
probably oecur.
KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF RHIPIPHORID-£.
a. Elytra as long as the abdomen. not separated toward apex; eyes oval.
feebly emarginate. PELECOTOMA.
ad. ee shorter than the abdomen.
. Mouth organs perfect.
. Scutellum covered by a lobe at the base of thorax; elytra not much
shorter than abdomen; iniddle cox almost contiguous.
I. RHrpPreHorws.
ec. Seutellum not covered by the thorax; elytra very small: middle
coxse widely separated. II. Myopites.
bb. Mouth organs atrophied ; female larviform, witbout elytra and wings
(species parasitic upon the croton bug, Blatella germanica L.)
. - RHIPIDIUS.
PreLecotoMA Fisch. 1809. (Gr., ‘‘ax+to cut like.’’)
The single species of this genus, P flavipes Melsh., occurs in the
eastern United States and has been taken at Cincinnati. It is
black, with antenne, palpi and legs yellowish, length 4.5 mm.
I. Rerprenorus Fab. 1792. (Gr., ‘‘a fan + bearing.’’)
Rather small, wedge-shaped forms having the antennie bipecti-
tn welan.eaveate in females: elytra pointed behind and sepa-
1366 FAMILY LXV.-—RIIPIPTORID.E.
rated along the suture; tarsal claws bifid at tip. The larvee are
parasitic on the young of wasps. Four of the eight recognized spe-
cies have been taken in Indiana, while three others may occur.
KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF RHIPIPHORUS.
a. Front cox not seprrated by the prosternum.
b. Front tarsi of male spinulose beneath; elytra very acute.
e, Basal lobe of thorax witb a strong elevation; male elytra wholly
yellow, the abdomen black; female elytra yellow, tipped with
black, abdomen red. FLAVIPENNIS.
ce, Basal lobe of thorax transversely notched at tip; elytra of male
yellow with black margins and tips; of female yellow with apical
third black. 2531. DIMIDIATUS.
bb. Front coxre of male with three joints pubescent beneath.
d, Second joint of hind tarsi shorter than third and flat above.
ce. Basal lobe of thorax with an obtuse elevation and a deep pit
each side; elytra brownish-black at base. BIFOVEATUS.
ce, Basal lobe of thorax not elevated, its surface regularly convex ;
punctures of metasternum separated by at least their own
diameters; color variable. 2532. PECTINATUS,
dd, Second joint of hind tarsi longer than third, subeylindrical; lobe
of thorax neither carinate nor notched. Jin CRUENTES.
ct. Front coxie separated in nearly their entire length hy the slender process
of prosternum.
f. Second joint of hind tarsi longer than half the third and-not flattened
above; piceous, iridescent. LINEARITS.
ff. Second joint of hind tarsi shorter than half the third and flattened;
head and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter with black oval spot.
2534. LIMBATUS.
ye
2451 (S174). RIPIPHORUS pIMIDIATUS Fab., Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 322.
Black; elytra pale yellow with tips and sometimes the outer and su-
tural margins black in male; apical third black in female; antenn:e of male
pale yellow ; of female piceous, the two basal joints reddish. ‘Chorax with-
out apical impression, the hind lobe emarginate ; surface coarsely and dense-
ly punctate; elytra flat, sparsely punctured, rapidly narrower and very
acute at tip. Length 5-9 mm.
Vigo, Knox and Gibson counties; searce. July 10-August 11.
Occurs especially on the flowers of the narrow-leaved mountain
mint, Pyenanthemum linifoliim Prrsh. The male is evidently rare,
as but one of the ten specimens at hand is of that sex.
2582 (8177). TRiipreyorus pecrinatus Eab.. Syst. Ent.. 1798. 263.
Color exceedingly variable, ranging from body entirely black, except
a reddish abdomen, to black with thorax and elytra reddish-vellow ; an-
tenne of male usually reddish with the branches blaek: those of female
Dlack with two basal joints reddish. Structural characters as given in key.
Length 4-7.5 mm.
THE RHIPIPHORID BEETLES. 1367
Lake, Fulton and Putnam counties; scarce. July 4July 31. A
single female of var. tristis Fab., wholly black, was taken in Put-
nam County, July 25.
2583 (S178). RHIPIPHORUS CRUENTUS Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824. 168.
Color variable: in typical crucntus, body and legs entirely black; ely-
tra red, apex and narrow basal margin black; antenne and abdomen black.
the latter very rarely red (male), abdomen red, very rarely black (fe-
male) ; in var. rufus Lec., body above. beneath and legs reddish-yellow ; an-
tenn black with pale basal joint. Elytra contiguous for nearly half their
length. then obliquely narrowed, not acuminate at tips. Length 5-7.5 mm.
Perry County; rare. June 17. Our only species having the
second joint of hind tarsi longer than third. A member of the
Austroriparian fauna.
20384 (S179). RurerpHorts LiuBatus Fab., Ent. Syst.. II, 1798. 112.
Head, thorax, under surface. femora and middle and hind tibie red-
dish-yellow: thorax with an oval black spot on disk; elytra either wholly
black or pale yellow with the margins and suture black; antennie, except
the two basal joints, tarsi and front tibis, black. Vertex smooth, convex.
Thorax with hind angles and basal lobe much prolonged, the latter not
notched at tip; surface sparsely and shallowly punctate. Length 6-10 mm.
Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. July 10-August 17. Oc-
curs on flowers of various Composite. The top of head and sides of
meso- and metasterna are often black.
R. favipcnnis Lee., length 7.5-10 mm., is known from Pennsvl-
vania, Georgia, Illinois and westward; Rk. bifovcatus Horn, black,
elytra brownish, darker at base. with small pale spot one-fourth
from humerus, length 11 mm., was deseribed from Illinois; R. line-
aris Lec., linear, length 4 mm., was described from Kentucky.
TI. Myoprres Latr. 1819. (Gr., ‘‘like a mouse.’’)
Wedye-shaped species having the elytra very short, wings not
folded; antennw fan-like in both sexes. They occur on the flowers
of goldenrod and other Composite in August and September. One
species is known from the State.
2ng5 (S187). Myopires Fasciatus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III,
1824, 274; ibid. IT, 162.
Black, feebly shining: legs and elytra yellow, the latter with base and
spot near apex fuscous. Vertex prominent with a median carina. Thorax
conical with a median impressed line; surface. as well as that of head,
finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-third the length of abdomen, widely
separate. sparsely punctate. Length 4-6 mm.
One specimen in Webster collection labeled ‘‘Ind.’’ Taken by
Dury near Cincinnati; also known from Iinois and Pennsylvania.
1368 INDIANA COLEOPTERA,
ok = *K
It will be seen that, exclusive of the Rhynchophora, 2,535 species
of Coleoptera are known to have been taken within the bounds of
Indiana. In addition, 777 species have a known range which ren-
ders it probable that they may also occur within the State. These
have been included in the keys and, in most instances, brief men-
tion has been made in the body of the text of their color, length and
range. They can, therefore, for the most part, be readily identified
by future collectors.
While the number of species which may occur but have not
been taken may seem very large, it must be remembered that no
continuous collecting by trained coleopterists has been done, but
only such species taken as time and opportunity afforded during
the intervals from other work. It is very probable that two or
three seasons devoted solely to collecting would raise the number
of species, aside from the Rhynchophora, to more than 3,000.
The following table of families shows the number of species of
each which are known to occur, and are therefore listed and de-
scribed; also the number of species of each family which are in-
cluded in the keys as being of probable occurrence within the State.
The forms listed as varieties are not included:
XVIII. Erotylida
XIX. Colydidx
XX. Rhyssodidie ............0.. 2
XXI. Cucujide
ja
ee
="
No. of Specics No. of Species of
Family. Known to Occur. Probable Occurrenec.
I. Cicindelide ............... 16 1
Ls Carabidver ous aacngeioaeceee 366 ~~ 75
ITE, Palipldee cos yes sacd-cca cence 10 1
TVs Dytiscidee: sce scseu cs wie nt 70 23
Ver. GY TINGE: «asia cs acd eateries 15 4
VI. Hydrophilide ............. 54 14
VII. Leptinide ................. 1 0
VALE, ‘Silphidie..a seis. 5 coucd aa aaa 35 17
IX. Scydmeenide .............. PA 19
X. Pselaphide ............... 41 42
XI. Staphylinide .............. 304 ¥ 119
XII. Trichopterygide ........... 8 12
XIII. Scaphidiide ............... "98 5
XIV. Phalacride ............... 9 2
XV. Corylophide .............. 8 9
XVI. Coccinellide .............. 49 4
XVII. Endomychidee ............. 10 2
4
0
0
8
XXII,
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXYV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVILI.
XXXVIIL.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLITI.
XLIV.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVITI.
XLIX.
STATISTICS OF FAMILIES.
No. of Species
Lamily. Known to Occur.
Cryptophagidsw ............ 25
Mycetophagide ............ 12
Dermestide .............., 18
Histeride ................, 66
Nitidulide .........0...... 49
Lathridiide ............... 14
Trogositidw ............... 9
Monotomide .............. 7
Derodontide .............. 1
BYP Hi ®: 3-6 £6 vee ts «meen nee 8
Georysside ............... 0
PATMIGEB oes ee gaan c6 Faas a4 7
Heterocerid .............. 7
Dascyllide ................ 15
Rhipiceride ............... 3
Elateride ................. 148
Throscid® 25. bes ceavceaes 5
Buprestidse ............... 56
Lampyride ............... 68
Malachiide 2 isasiaawnccas 17
Clerides: tte ee Hee Sew owe 28
PENI: pale je ach lauala ees sole Ve 35
Bostrichid# ... cs ys. ewes 18
Cupesid® s6ce.seaexe tad eax 1
Lymexylonide ............ 2
CiOIMe ra, a ijardn aoe Baa 14
Sphin Gide: sccces saccsmcs ayes ons 4.
TUCANIGS: visas ia ec pecmswee 8
SCaraADeIde: sic se se le es 150
Spondylide ............... 2
Cerambycide .............. 147
Chrysomelidz ............. 265
Bruchide ............. eee 15
Tenebrionids ...cns2escaae 52
Gistelide: 5 gaseersinea ca sige 23
Lagriide 236 ees swe yee ete x : 4
Melandryide .............. 29
PY THIGGe 5 asped ed ine ia site a
CACTI es 6 cee oes ew 5
Mordellidse ..............-. 45
ABCC 5 ea esa eeeiies 40
Pyrocbroid® «2 eee eine. 6
Mel0id® asaxcunesa seek eee 8 22
RhipipHorid® seaec.cascewns 5
MPOCRIS se. sacs ingsa. Races leudhea teresa 2,585
1369
No. of Species of
Probable Occurrence.
»
far} aw
RPOrRrONOrFON
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN TEXT.*
Abbreriated.—Cut short; not of usual length.
Abdomen.—The third or hindmost division of the insect body; see page 1S.
Abdominal.—Belonging or pertaining to the abdomen.
Aberrant.—Unusual; out of the ordinary course.
Aborted.—A structure developed so as to be unfit for its normal function.
Abrupt.—Suddenly or without gradation.
-Lecessory.—Added, or in addition to.
Acicular.—Needle-shaped ; with a long, slender point.
Aciculate.—A surface that appears as if seratched with a needle.
Acuminate.—Tapering to a long point.
Acute.—Pointed.
Adult.—The stage when an insect is sexually mature and ready to repro-
duce normally.
Encous.—Shining bronze or brassy.
Alleghanian faunal arca.—That part of the Transition life zone comprising
the greater part of New Iingland, New York, l’ennsylvania, Michigan,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Alleghanies from Pennsylvania to
Georgia; also a part of the northern thirds of Indiana and Illinois.
Alutaceous.—Covered with very minute cracks or wrinkles.
Ambulatorial setw.—Specialized hairs or bristles situated on the ventral
segments of the abdomen of some beetles.
Angulate——Forming an angle; when two margins meet in an angle.
Annulate.—Ringed or marked with colored bands.
Ante.—Before; used as a prefix.
Antenna; pl., Antenne.—Two jointed, sensory organs, borne, one on each
side of the head, commonly termed horns or feelers; see page 11.
Antennal grooves.—Cavities in which the antenne are located or concealed.
Apex.—That part of any joint or segment opposite the base by which it is
attached.
Apical.—At, near or pertaining to the apex.
Appendiculate-—Bearing appendages ; said of tarsal claws that have proe-
esses at base.
Appressed.—Closely applied to.
Apicrous.—Without wings.
-lquatic.—Living wholly in water.
Arceuate.——Curved like a bow.
Attenuated.—Drawn out; slender ; tapering.
Austroriparian faunal area.—That part of the Lower Austral life zone cov-
ering the greater part of the South Atlantie and Gulf States. It ex-
tends over the southern third of Indiana, overlapping the Carolinian
faunal area of the State.
; *The definitions of the terms here given, are, for the most part, taken from a little work entitled ‘“Explana-
tion of Terms Used in Entomology,” by Prof. J. B. Smith, State Entomologist of New Jersey.
(1370)
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 1371
Band.—A transverse marking broader than a line.
Bar.—A short, straight band of equal width.
Basal.—At or pertaining to the base or point of attachment to or nearest
the main body.
Base.—That part of any appendage which is nearest the body; on the tho-
rax that portion nearest the abdomen; on the abdomen that portion
nearest the thorax.
Beak.—Any notable prolongation of the front of the head.
Bicolored._-With two colors that contrast to some extent.
Bidentate.—Two-toothed.
Bifid.—Divided into two parts; split.
Bipectinate—Antenne having comb-like processes on each side of each joint.
Boreal.—From or belonging to the north.
Borer.—Applied to an insect or larva that burrows or makes channels in
woody or other vegetable tissue.
Brassy.—Yellow, with the lustre of metallic brass.
Bristle.—A stiff hair, usually short and blunt.
Bronze.—The color of old brass.
Canaliculate——Channelled; longitudinally grooved.
Capillary.—Long and slender like a hair.
Carina; pl., Carin@.—An elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or
acute.
Carinate.—A surface having carine.
Carnivorous.—A feeder upon flesh food.
Carolinian faunal arca.—That area of the Upper Austral life zone, includ-
ing nearly all of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Obio, Maryland
and Delaware; more than half of West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennes-
see and New Jersey and large areas in Alabama, Georgia, the Caro-
linas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan and South On-
tario.
Cartilaginous.—Of the consistency of cartilage or gristle.
Chelate.—Bearing a chela or claw; applied when claws are capable of being
drawn down or back upon the last tarsal joint.
Chitin.—The material forming the hard parts of the insect body.
Cicatrir.—aA sear; an elevated, rigid spot.
Ciliate—Fringed ; set with even, parallel hairs or soft bristles.
Cinereous.—Ash-colored; gray tinged with blackish.
Claws.—The claw or hook-like structure at the end of the foot or tarsus.
Cleft.—Split; partly divided, longitudinally.
Clypeus.—That portion of the head before or below the front, to which the
Jabrum is attached; see page 9.
Coadapted.—Formed so as to work together to one end.
Common.—Of frequent occurrence; occurring on two adjacent parts; a band
or fascia is common where it crosses both elytra.
Concave.—Hollowed out.
Confused.—A marking with indefinite outlines; a running together as of
lines and spots without definite pattern.
Conical.—Cylindrical, with a flat base, tapering to a point.
Connate.—United at base, or along the whole length.
1372 INDIANA COLEOPTERA,
Contiguous.—So near together as to touch,
Contracted.—Lo draw or drawn together; to reduce, or reduced in size by
contraction.
Cordate.—Heart-shaped.
Cordiform.—Cordate.
Coriaceous.—Leather-like ; thick, tough and somewhat rigid.
Corneous.—Resembling horn in texture.
Costa.--Any elevated ridge that is rounded at its crest.
Cora; pl. Coraw.—The basal segment of the leg, by means of which it is
articulated to the body.
Coral cavity—The opening or space in which the coxa articulates; see
page 15.
Crenate.—Scalloped, with rounded teeth.
Crenulute-—With small scallops, evenly rounded and rather deeply curved.
Crest—A prominent longitudinal carina on the upper surface of any part
of the head or body.
Cupreous.—The metallic red of pure shining copper.
Cylindrical—In the form of a cylinder or tube; reund, elongate, of equal
diameter throughout.
Deflected.—Bent downward.
Deficeed.—Abruptly bent downward.
Dehiscent.—Separating toward the tips.
Dense.—Thickly crowded together.
Dentate.——Toothed; with acute teeth, the sides of which are equal and the
tip is above the middle of base.
Denticle-—A small tooth.
Depressed.—F lattened down vertically ; opposed to compressed.
Di.—As ‘ prefix = two.
Dilated.—Widened, expanded.
Jisk.—The central upper surface of any part; all the area within a margin.
Distant—Remote from; standing considerably apart.
Diurnal.—Such insects as are active or habitually fly by day only.
Divaricate.—Spreading apart; tarsal claws when arising at opposite sides
of the joint and separating widely.
Divergent.—Spreading out from a common base; tarsal claws when they
spread out only a little.
Dorsal.—Oft or belonging to the upper surface.
Dusky-—Somewhat darkened ; pale fuscous.
Eilliptical.—Oblong-oval, the ends equally rounded.
Elongate.—Drawn out; lengthened; much longer than wide.
Elytra.—See page 15.
Lilytron.Singular of elytra.
Entire—With an even, unbroken margin,
Epimeron; pl., L:pimera.—See page 14.
Lipipleura; pl., Epipleure.—TVhe detiexed or intlexed portions of the elytra
immediately beneath the edge.
Episternum—See page 14.
Equal.—Of the same length, size or shape.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 1373
4Srect.— Standing upright; not necessarily perpendicular.
Evanescent.—Disappearing ; becoming gradually less.
Evident.—fasily seen or recognized.
Lapanded.—Spread or flattened out.
Evplanate.—Spread out and flattened ; applied to a margin.
Eescrted.Protruded ; projecting beyond the body.
Eaude.—To ooze or flow slowly through minute openings.
Facet.—A small face or surface; one of the parts, areas or lens-like di-
visions of the compound eye.
Family—A division of classification including a number of genera agreeing
in one or a set of characters and so closely related that they are ap-
parently descended from one stein; opinionative and indicated by the
termination ide.
Fuscia.—A transverse band or broad line; it is common when it crosses both
wings or wing covers.
Fauna—The assemblage of animals inhabiting a region or country.
Femur; pl., Femora—The thigh; see page 17.
Fcrruginous.—Rusty red-brown,
Filament.—A thread; a long, slender process of equal diameter throughout.
Filiform.—tThread-like; slender and of equal diameter.
Flabellate-—With long, flat processes folding like a fan.
Flavo-testaceous.—Light yellow-brown.
Flying-hairs.—Very long, slender surface hairs set in punctures.
Fossorial—YFormed for or with the habit of digging or burrowing.
Fovea; pl., Force.—aA shallow depression with well marked sides; a pit.
Fragile.—Easily breakable; thin and brittle.
Free.—Unrestricted in movement; not firmly joined with or united to any
other part.
Front.—The anterior portion of head; see page 8.
Fulvous.—Tawny ; light brown with much yellow.
Funicle.—The joints between the scape and club in elbowed antennie.
Fuscous.—Dark brown, approaching black.
Fusiform.—Spindle-shaped ; tapering gradually to each end.
Gena; pl., Gene—The cheeks; includes that portion of the head on each
side below the eyes, and extends to the gular suture.
Geniculate.—Elbowed ; abruptly bent in an obtuse angle.
Gcenus.—An assemblage of species agreeing in some one character or series
of characters; usually considered as arbitrary and opinionative.
Glabrous.—Smooth ; free from all vestiture.
Glaucus.—Shining sea-green ; whitish-blue inclining to gray lavender.
Globose—Formed like a globe or sphere.
Granulated.—Covered with small grains.
Granule.—A little grain or grain-like elevation.
Gregarious.—Living in societies or communities; but not social.
Griscus.—Light gray; a mixture of white and black.
Group —A divisiou of classification used indefinitely for a series of allied
species, genera or larger assemblages.
Gular suture.—The line of division between the gula or throat and the genie
or cheeks.
1374 INDIANA COLEOPTERA.
Habitat.—The region or place which an insect inhabits.
Head.—See page 8.
Hemi.—As a prefix means half.
Herbivorous.—Feeding upon plant tissue; a leaf feeder.
Hetero. As a prefix, unequal; different from.
Heterogencvus.—A mixture of different forms; abnormal.
Hcteromera.—Coleoptera in which the front and middle tarsi are 5-jomted
and the hind ones 4-jointed.
Hibernate.—To pass the winter in a dormant condition; usually applied to
the imago. :
Hirsute.—Clothed with long, strong hair; shaggy.
Hispid.—Bristly ; sparsely set with short, stiff hair.
Hoary.—Covered with a fine, white, silvery pubescence; pruinose.
Homogeneous.—Of the same kind or nature; similar in texture or parts.
Humcral.—Relating to the shoulder or humerus.
Humeral angle.—In Coleoptera the outer front angle of elytra.
Humeral carina.—An elevated ridge or keel on the outer front angle of
elytra.
Humerus; pl., Humeri.—The shoulder; the basal front angle of elytra.
Imago.—The adult or sexually developed insect.
Incised.—Notched or deeply cut into.
Inferior.—Beneath, below or behind; a term of position.
Inflected—Bent inward at an angle.
Infra.—Below or beneath; opposed to supra.
Infuscated.—Smoky gray-brown, with a blackish tinge.
Insectivorous.—Feeding upon or devouring insects.
Insertion.—The point or place where a part is inserted.
Interocular.—Between the eyes.
Interrupted.—Broken in continuity, but with the tips of the broken parts
in a right line with each other.
Interval—tThe plane surface between the elytral striz.
Intricate.—Irregular; confused; applied to markings and sculpture.
Iridescent.—A surface which reflects a play of changeable colors.
Irrcgular—Unequal, curved, bent or otherwise twisted or modified ; without
order or symmetry.
Key.—A tabular or other arrangement of species, genera or other classifica-
tion according to characters that serve to identify them.
Knee—The point of junction of femur and tibia.
Labial.—Referring, pertaining or belonging to the labium.
Lubium,—The lower lip.
Labrum.—tThe upper lip; covers the base of the mandibles and forms the
roof of the mouth.
Lamctla—aA thin plate or leaf-like process.
Lanviina; pl., Lamine.—A chitinous plate or plates.
Laminate.—Formed of thin, flat layers or leaves.
Lanecolate.—Tanee- or spear-shaped ; oblong and tapering to the end.
Larva; pl, Larve-—The second stage of insect development.
Latcral.—Relating, pertaining or attached to the side.
Leathery.— Waving the appearance or texture of leather.
GLUSSARY OF TERMS USED. 1373
Ligula.—See page 10.
Line.—A narrow streak or stripe.
Linear.—Straight; in the form of a right line.
Love.—Any prominent, rounded process or excrescence on a margin.
Longitudinal—lIn the direction of the long axis.
Lunule—aA lunate mark or crescent.
Lutegus.—Pale clay yellow.
Jlaculate.—Spotted or marked with figures of any shape. of a color differing
from the ground.
Mandibles,—The lateral upper jaws of a biting insect.
lfargin.—That portion of a surface within the edge, bounded on the inner
side by the submargin and consisting of a more or less dilated imagi-
nary line.
Marginal—oOf, belonging to or near the margin.
Macilla; pl, Maxrille.—See page 9.
Marillary palpi—the first pair of palpi. borne on the maxilla.
Membranous.—Thin, skin-like. semi-transparent, like parchment.
Mentum.—See page i0.
Jfcs6.—Middle.
Mesosternal cavity—aIn Elaterids, the opening into which tbe prosternal
spine is fitted.
Mesosternal epimera.—The narrow pieces separating the mesusternal from
the metasternal episterna.
Mesosternal epistcrna.—On each side of the mesosternum between anterior
border and epimera: generally separated by a distinct suture.
Mesosternum.—The under side or breast of the mesothorax.
Mesothorar.—The second or middle thoracic ring; bears the middle legs and
the front wings.
Meta—Posterior.
Uetailic—Having the appearanve of metal: applied to a surface or color.
Uetathorar.—The third thoracic ring cr segment; bears the hind legs and
second pair of wings.
MM.—Millimeter ; .001 meter = .039 of an inch ; roughly. 25 mim. are counted
to an inch in measuring insects.
Moniliform.—Beaded like a necklace.
Mueronate.—Terminated in a sharp point.
Vuricate—Armed with sharp. rigid points.
Vaked.—Not clothed; lacking vestiture.
Veck.—The slender connecting suture between head and thorax of such in-
sects as have the head free.
Yocturnal.—Species that fly or are active at night.
Yormal.—_Of the usual form or type.
Votched.—Indented. cut or nicked: usually a margin.
Oheunic-—Conie, with the apex pointing downward.
Obcordatc.—Inversely heart-shaped.
Oblique.—Any direction between perpendicular and horizontal.
Oblong.—Longer than broad.
Oborate—Inversely egg-shaped; the narrow end downward.
[S7—23402]
1376 INDIANA COLEOPTERA.
Obscure.—Not readily seen; not well defined.
Obsolete.—Nearly or entirely lost; inconspicuous.
Obtuse.—Not pointed; an angle greater than a right angle; opposed to acute.
Occiput.—That part of the head behind the vertex.
Ocellus.—A simple eye, consisting of a single convex or bead-like lens.
Omnivorous.—A general feeder upon animal or vegetable food. er both.
Opaque.—Without lustre; not transparent.
Orbicular.—Round and flat.
Outer margin.—The outer edge of wing, between apex and hind angle.
Ovipositor—The tubular or valved structure by means of which the eggs
are placed; usually concealed.
Palpi.—Plural of palpus.
Palpus.—A mouth feeler; tactile, usually jointed structures borne by the
maxille (maxillary palpi) and labium (labial palpi).
Pectinate.—Comb-shaped ; with even branches like the teeth of a comb.
Penultimate.—Next to the last.
Perfoliate.—Divided into leaf-like plates; applied to antennie with disk-like
expansions connected by a stalk passing nearly through their centers.
Perpendicular.—Upright ; at right angles to horizontal.
Persistent.—Remaining constantly; always present.
Phosphorescent.—Shining or glowing in the dark, like phosphorus.
Piceous.—Pitchy black.
Pilose.—Clothed with down, or dense pile; with long. sparse hair.
Plane.—Level, flat; applied to a surface.
Plicate.—Plaited ; folded like a fan.
Pluri.wsed as a prefix, means many.
Poly.—Many, much.
Pore.—Any small, round opening on the surtace.
Posterior.—Hinder or hindmost; opposed to anterior.
Pre-apical.—Before the apex.
Predaceous.—Applied to insects that live by preying upon other organisms.
Prehension.—Structures fitted for grasping or holding.
Process.—A prolongation of the surface. margin or an appendage.
Produced.—Drawn out; prolonged; extended from.
Prolonged.—Extended or lengthened beyond ordinary limits.
Prominent.—Raised or produced beyond the level or margin; standing out
in relief by color or otherwise; conspicuous.
Pronotum.—The upper or dorsal surface of thorax.
Propygidium.—The dorsal segment or tergite in front of the pygidium, some-
times left exposed in Coleoptera.
Prosternal—Belonging to the prosternum.
Prosternal grooves.—Occur laterally in some beetles to receive the antenne.
Prosternal lobe.—In some Coleoptera an anterior prelongation of the pro-
sternum which more or less conceals the mouth from helow,
Prosternal spine.—The curved spine which extends backward into a meso-
sternal cavity.
Prosternal suture.—That suture of prothorax which separates the sternum
from the pleural pieces.
Prosternum.—tThe fore-breast; the sclerite between the fore legs.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 1577
Prothorur.—The first thoracic ring or segment; bears the front legs but no
wings; in this work referred to as “thorax” merely.
Pruinosc.—Hoary ; as if covered with a fine frost or dust.
Pubesccnt—Downy ; clothed with soft, short, fine, closely set hair.
Punctate-—Set with impressed points or punctures.
Puncture—An impression like that made by a needle.
Punctured.—Marked with small impressed dots.
Pupa; pl., Pupe.—The intermediate stage between larva and adult.
Pupate.—To become a pupa; the act of becoming a pupa.
Pugidiuin—The last dorsal segment of abdomen left expoxed by the elytra.
Quadrate.—Square or nearly so.
Quadrilatcral—Four-sided ; formed or bounded by four lines.
Ramify.—To branch out in every direction.
Rapacious.—Predatory ; eapturing and eating prey.
Rare.—Seldom seen or found.
Rectangular.—In the form of a right or rectangle.
Recumbent—Lying down ; reclining.
Recurved.—Bowed backward.
Reflected or reflered.—Angularly bent backward.
Remotc.—Further removed than distant.
Reniform.—Kidney-shaped.
Restricted.—Confined to a limited area.
Reticulate.—Like net-work.
Retracted.—Drawn. back ; opposed to prominent.
Retractile.—Capable of being drawn in or retracted.
Rhomboidal.—Having the form of a rhomb, or quadrangular figure having
its four sides equal and its opposite lines parallel, with two opposite
angles acute and two obtuse.
Rufous.—Brick-red.
Rugose.—Wrinkled; with irregular waved elevated lines.
Rugulosc.—Minutely wrinkled.
Scabrose.—lough like a file, with sinall raised points.
Scape.—The long basal joint of an elbowed antenna in Coleoptera.
Ncrobes.—Grooves on the sides of the mandibles.
Sculpture.—The markings or pattern of impression or elevation on an ely-
tra or other body surface.
Seulpturcd.— A surface, when marked with elevations or depressions or
both, arranged in some definite manner.
Seutcllum.—The triangular piece vetween the elytra at base.
Securiform.—tTriangular-compressed ; like the blade of a hatchet.
Neyqment.—aA ving or division bounded by incisions or sutures.
Semi.—Half.
Nemicircular—Like the half of a circle.
Nemi-cylindricaL—Like a groove or half a cylinder.
Nequencce.—The order in which things follow.
Neries.—A group of species. genera or families, arranged to show agreement
in a common character which is not of sufficient importance to war-
rant the next higher division.
[S8—23402]
1378 INDIANA COLEOPTERA.
Serrate.—-Saw-toothed, the teeth set toward one end.
Nerrulate.—-Witbh numerous little saw teeth.
Neta; pl, Nefe.—<A pointed bristle or long. stiff hair; slender, hair-like ap-
pendages.
Setaccous.—Bristle-shaped; slender, gradually tapering to a tip.
Setiform.—tin the form of a bristle or seta; when a slender, short bristle
arises from a thicker basal joint.
Netigcrous.—Bearing sete or bristles; e.g., punctures.
Sharp.—wWith a pointed tip or thin edge; opposed to blunt.
Ninuate.—Applied to lines and margins with an in and out curve.
Sinuato-truncatc.—Truncated, with the margin sinuate.
Nmooth.—A surface without elevations or indentations.
Npurse.—Seattered ; single hairs, scales or punctures set well apart.
Npecies.—An aggregation of individuals alike in appearance and structure,
mating freely and producing young that themselves mute freely and
bear fertile offspring resembling each other and their parents; a spe-
cies includes all its varieties and races.
Npecifie charactcr—A feature common to all individuals of a species, by
means of which they may be distinguished from all other individuals
of other species.
Npherical-—In the form of a sphere; a body in which all diameters are
equal.
Spindle-shaped.—Cylindrical, elongate, thicker in the middle, tapering to
each end; fusiform.
Npinifori.—In the form or shape of a spine.
Npinose.—set with acute processes or spines.
Np/nules,—Little spines.
Spiraclc.—A breathing pore; in the plural the lateral openings on the seg-
ments of the insect body through which air enters the trachex.
Spur.—a short, stiff, generally blunt process, usually not articulated at its
hase.
Stage.—Refers to the period of development: eg. larval. pupal, ete.
Siernum.—The breast; the middle portion of the under surface of thorax
between the coxal cavities.
Stigmata.—The spiracles.
Stria; pl, Strie—a<A longitudinal depressed line or furrow, frequently punc-
tured.
Striate,—Marked with parallel, tine, impressed lines.
Stridilate,—To make a creaking nuise by rubbing together two ridged or
roughened surfaces.
Ntripe-—A longitudinal streak of color different from the ground.
Sub-clarete,—Somewhat thickened toward tip: but not quite club-shaped.
Subequal-—Similar but not quite equal in size, form or other characters.
Subfamily.— division of classification containing a group of closely allied
genera, different from other allied groups, yet not so as to make a
family series, ending in ive.
Submarginal—An imaginary portion of a surface outside of the disk and
within the margin.
Subparalel—Nearly parallel.
Subulute.—Awl]-shaped ; linear at base, aticnuate at tip.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 1379
Sulcate.—Grooved ; furrowed with broad, concave, parallel impressed lines.
Sulcus.—A furrow or groove.
Supra.—Over ; above.
Supra-orbital.—Situated above the eye.
Suture.—The line of junction of the elytra.
Summetrical—kEyenly developed on both sides.
Synonym.—A name applied to a species or genus that has been previously
described and named.
Tarsal.—Relating to the tarsi or feet.
Tarsal lobes.—Membranous appendages arising from the under side of the
tars:il joints.
Tarsus; pl.. TarsiimThe foot; see page 17.
Tentacle,—A flexible sensory or tactile process; in some cases retractile.
Terminul.—situated at the tip or extremity ; opposed to basal.
Terrestrial—-Living on or in the land: opposed to aquatic.
Testaccous.—Dull yellow brown.
Tetra.—Four ; a combining form.
Thoracic.—Belonging or attached to the thorax.
Thorar.—The second or intermediate region of the insect body, bearing the
true legs and wings; made u) of three rings, named in order, pro-,
meso- and meta-thorax.
Tibia; pl., Tibie—See page 17.
Tip.—The extremity; the part furthest removed from the base.
Tomentose,—Covered with fine hair, so matted together that particular hairs
cannot be separated.
Tooth—An acute angulation; a short, pointed process from an appendage
or margin.
Transition zonce.—The transcontinental belt in. which the austral and boreal
elements overlap.
Translucent—sSemi-transparent; admitting the passage of light but not of,
vision.
Transparcnt.—So clear as not to obstruct vision.
Transverse.—When the longest diameter is across the body.
Traperoidal.—A four-sided plane of which two sides are parallel and two
are not.
Tribe.—A tevin of classification less than a subfamily; usually ending in ini,
Tricarinatc.—With three keels or carine.
Trifid—Cleft into three parts or ends.
Trochanter.—A segment. sometimes divided, between the coxa and femur,
sometimes fused with the femur.
Trochantin.—The basal part of the trochanter when it is two-jointed; in
Coleoptera, a piece often present on the outer side of and sometimes
movable on the coxa.
Truncate.—Cut off squarely at tip.
Tubercle.—A little solid pimple or small chitinous button.
Tuberculate.—Formed like a tubercle; a surface covered with tubercles.
Type.—A unique or single specimen selected from a series and labelled by
the describer to represent his name and description.
Tupical.—The nermal or usual form of a species; agreeing with the type
form.
1380 INDIANA COLEOPTERA.
Umbilicate.—Navel-shaped, or resembling a navel.
Cmbone.—An embossed, clevated knob situated on the humeral angle of
elytra.
Cnarmed—Without spurs, spines or armature of any kind.
Undulated.—Obtusely waved in segments of circles.
(nequal—Unlike in size, form, development or other characters.
(nicolorous.—Of one color throughout.
Unique.—One only; unlike any other.
Varicty.——Any departure from the normal type of a species which, while
retaining the specific characters, is yet recognizably different hecause
of the climatic, seasonal or other influences; may occur with the type
form or as a geographical race.
Ventral.—fPertaining to the under surface of abdomen.
Vermicular.—Worm-like, tortuous; resembling the tracks of a worm.
Verrucose.—Having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations.
Verter.—The top of the head between the eves, front and occiput.
Vestiture.—The surface clothing, whether of a hairy or scaly character.
Violaccous.—Violet colored; a mixture of blue and red.
Vitta.—A longitudinal colored line.
Vittate.—Striped.
Whorl.—aA ring of long hairs or other appendages arranged around a center
like the spokes around the hub of a wheel.
Yellow —Uvsed without modification is sulphur or lemon yellow.
INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA.*
Abstrulia, 1288.
-\canthocinus, 1079,
-\canthoderes, 1070.
-\cholerops, 304.
Achryson, 1021.
-\cidota, 477.
Acilius, 233.
Acmeodera, 793.
-cmops, 1049.
critus, 626.
.\ctenodes, 792.
Actium, 332.
-\ctobius, 391.
.\cupalpus, 190.
Acylomus, 499.
Acylophorus, 368.
Adalia, 515
Adelocera, 713.
-\delothyreus, 707.
-\derocharis, 430.
Adoxus, 1135.
Adranes, 306.
sEgialia, 921..—
.Eletes, 627.
Agabetes, 224.
Agabus, 224.
Agathengis, 579.
Agathidium, 289.
Agelasa, 1164.
Nelyptus, 290.
.\gonoderus, 175.
Agrilus, 796.
Agriotes, 734).
Alaus, 717.
-\leochara, 3633.
Alindria, 663.
Allecula, 1272.
Allopoda, 100,
\Horhina, i.
Aiphitobius, 1256.
Alymeris, S46.
Amara, 102.
Amarochara, 361.
Amblyderus, 1343.
Amphicerus, 889.
Amphicrossus, 646.
Amphionycha, 105.
Anedus, 1258.
Anamorphus, 535.
Anaspis, 1310.
Anatis, 516.
Anatrichis, 171.
Anchastus, 726.
Anchylarthron,
Anchytarsus, a
Aneyronyx, 682.
Androchirus, 12
Anillus, 79. 7
Anisodactylus, 193.
Anisosticta, 510.
Anisotoma, 285.
Anisoxya, 1299.
Anobium, 871.
Anomala, 981.
Anomeea, 1113.
‘Anomoglossus, 169.
‘Anophthalmus, 8S.
Anthaxia, 786.
Antherophagus, 574.
ey ey
*Family names are in small capitals, generic names in Roman.
ANTITICID.E, 1326.
Anthicus, 1340.
Anthobium, 481.
nthocomus, $42.
-Anthrenus, 595.
.\penes, 154.
Aphodius, 927.
Aphonus, 992.
Aphorista, 538.
Aphthona, 1195.
Apocellus, 472.
Apristus, 149.
Ardistomis, 62.
.\rhopalus, 1035.
rpedium, 477.
Arrhenoplita, 1261.
Arthrolips, 505.
Arthromacra, 1284.
Asaphes, 769.
Asclera, 1307.
Asemum, 1014.
Atti, Dat G1.
M4
‘\timia, iedi.
Atomaria, 579.
Atranus, 137.
Attagenus, 592.
Attalus, 843.
Aulonium, 554.
Axinopalpus, 151.
Axion, 518.
Babia, 1114.
Bacanius, 625.
Bactridium, 669.
Badister, 117.
Beocera, 492.
Bassareus, 1117.
Batrisodes, 322.
Batyle, 1031.
Bellamira, 1051.
Belonuchus, 379.
Lembidium, 67.
Berosus, 258.
Bibloplectus, 332.
Bidessus, 212.
Bladus, 761.
Blanchardia, S26.
Blapstinus, 1
Blechrus, 150.
Bledius, 463.
Blepharida, 1207.
Blethisa, 50.
Bolboceras, 936.
Isolbocerosoma, 957
Boletobius, 452.
3oletophagus, 1267.
Tioletotherus, 1267.
Bolitochara, 344.
Boros, 1303.
BOstRICHID.E. 886.
Bostrichus, 888.
Bothrideres, 556.
Brachyacantha, 520.
Brachygluta, 3i8.
Brachylobus, 170.
Brachynus, 157.
(1381)
Brachypterus, 680
srachys, 806.
Bradycellus, 191.
srontes, 568.
BRUCHID&, 1233.
3ruchus, 1285.
Bryaxis, 318.
Isryoporus, 456.
Tuprestipa, 776.
Luprestis, 783.
BYRRHID”, 671.
Byrrhus, 673.
Bythinus, 317.
Byturus, 589.
Cacoplia, 1066.
Crnocara, 88:3.
Cxrnoscelis, 578
Caumocorse, 1256.
Calathus, 120.
Calitys, 666.
Callida, 151.
Callidium, 1018.
Calligrapha, 1154.
Callimoxys, 1029.
Calloides, 1035.
Calochromus, 815.
Calodera, 361.
Calopteron, 810.
Calosoma, 46.
Campylus, 759.
Canifa, 1300.
Cantharis, 1358.
(anthon, 912.
Canthydrus, 208.
Capnochroa, 1282.
CARABIDA, 30.
Carabus, 44.
Cardiophorus, 720.
Carebara, 1297.
Carpophilus, 631.
Cartodere, 655.
Casnonia, 188.
Cassida, 1229.
Cathartus, 563.
Catogenus, 504.
Catorama, 87‘).
Cedius, 312.
Celetes, 811.
Celina, 214.
Centrodera, 1048.
Ceophyllus, 30).
Cephaloscymnus, 531.
Cephennium, 802.
Ceracis, 900,
CERAMBYCID®, 1007.
Ceratographis, 1074.
Cercus, 630.
Cereyon, 265.
Cerotoma, 1163.
Coruchus, 907,
Corylon, 557.
Chetartbria, 259.
Chatocnema, 1208.
Chaleolepidius, 717.
Chalcophora, 779.
Chalepus, 1226.
Chariessa,
Charistena,
1382
Chauliognathus, 827.
Chelymorpha, 1233.
Chennium, 309.
Chilocorus, 518.
Chion, 1022.
Chitalia, 346.
Chlenius, 163.
Chlamys, 1115.
Cheeridium, 915.
Choleva, 278.
Chrysobothris, 788.
Chrysochus, 1141.
Chrysodina, 1149.
Chrysomela, 1158.
CIERYSOMBLIDA, 1095.
Cicindela, 29.
CICINDELID&, 27.
Cinyra, 785.
Copa, 895.
Cis, 897.
Cistela, 1276.
CISTELIDA, 1270.
Clambus, 291.
CLERID@, 846.
Clinidium, 559.
Clivina, 59.
Cleotus, 940.
Clytanthus, 1039.
Clytus, 1040.
Cnemidotus, 203.
Coccidula, 533.
Coccinella, 513.
COCCINELID&, 506.
Celambus, 214.
Celostethus, 872.
Colaspis, 1147.
Colastus, 633.
Colenis, 286.
Collops, 841.
Colon, 282.
CoLypDIbDa@, 549.
Colydium, 554.
Colymbetes, 229.
Coninomus, 654.
Connophron, 296.
Conosoma, 449.
Conotelus, 635.
Copelatus, 223.
Copidita, 1306.
Copris, 915.
Coptocycla, 1231.
Coptodera, 149.
Coptotomus, 223.
Corphyra, 1329.
Corticaria, 656.
CoryLOPHIDm, 501.
Corylophodes, 503.
Corymbites, 763.
Coscinoptera, 1113.
Cotalpa, 986.
Cotinis, 996.
Coxelus, 553.
Cratacanthus, 175.
Cregya, 859.
Cremastochilus, 99S.
Creniphilus, 264.
Creophilus, 374.
Crepidodera, 1212.
Criocephalus, 1014.
Crioceris, 1112.
Crosimus, 574,
Cryptarcha, 648.
Cryptobium, 417.
Cryptocephalus, 1120.
Cryptohypnus, 722.
CRYPPOPHAGID2B, HEY.
Cryptophagus, 575.
Cryptophilus, 572.
Cryptopleurum, 270.
Cryptorhopalum, 51+.
Cucusipm, 560.
INDIANA COLEOPTERA.
Cucujus, 565.
Cupes, 893.
CUPESIDAS, 892.
Cybister, 235.
Cybocephalus, 647.
Cychramus, 647.
Cychrus, 41.
Cyclocephala, 989. —~
Cyllene, 1035.
Cymatodera, $49.
Cymbiodyta, 261.
Cymindis, 153.
Cyparium, 491.
Cyphon, 695.
Cyrtinus, 1062.
Cyrtophorus, 1040.
Cyrtusa, 288
Cytilus, 673.
Tacne, 544.
DASCYLLIDH, 688.
Dearthrus, 592.
Decarthron, 316.
Dectes, 1075.
Delius, 302.
Delphastus, 519.
Deltometopus, 704.
Dendroides, 1349.
Dendrophagus, 566.
Dendrophilus, 615.
Dermestes, 590.
DERMESTID®, OST.
DwRODONTID.Z, 670.
Derodontus, 670.
Deronectes, 216.
Desmocerus, 1044.
Desmopachria, 212.
Diabrotica, 1171.
Diachus, 1133.
Ibianous, 401.
Diaperis, 1260.
Dibolia, 1221.
Diceelus, 114.
Dicerca, 780.
Dichelonycha, 951.
Dicranopselaphus, 61).
Dicrepidius, 729.
Dilandius, 1337.
Dineutes, 240.
Dinoderus, 890.
Dinopsis, 337.
Diochus, 400.
Dicedus, 1256.
Diphaulaca, 120+.
Diplochila, 113.
Diploceelus, 571.
Diplotaxis, 954.
Discoderus, 178.
Disonycha, 1186.
Distenia, 1042.
Ditemnus, 837.
Ditoma, 552.
Doliema, 1251.
Dolopius, 742.
Donacia, 1090.
Dorcaschema, 1005.
Doreatoma, 882.
Dorcus, 906.
Drapetes, 774.
Drasterius, 73h,
Dromeolus, 705.
Dromius, 149.
Dryobius, 1021,
Dryops, 678.
Dynastes, 993.
Dyschirius, 56.
lbyscinetus, 990.
Dysphaga, 1095.
Dyrtscrpaa, 204,
ly tiscus, 230.
Eburia, 1022.
Betopria, 692.
Ecyrus, 1081.
Edaphus, 458.
Elaphidion, 1023.
Elaphrus, 48.
Elater, 730.
ISLALTERIDA, 699.
Eleusis, 483.
Ellipotoma, 859.
Ellyechnia, 818.
Elmis, 679.
Blonus, 1344.
Imelinus, 1345.
Emmesa, 1296.
Enchodes, 1297.
Wncyclops, 1045.
Endecatomus, 887.
ENDOMYCHIDA, 533.
IWndomychus, 537.
Enicmus, 654.
Ennearthron, 900.
Tnoclerus, 852.
Entomophthalmus, 709.
Ephelis, 481.
Ephistemus, 581.
Epicauta, 1359.
Epierus, 614.
Bpilachna, 532.
Epitrix, 1216.
Epurea, 636.
Erchomus, 449.
Ernobius, 868.
Eros, $12.
Hrotylathris, 556.
EROrYLIDa, 539,
Esthesopus, 722.
Euesthetus, 458.
Wucicones, 552.
Tucinetus, 691.
Eucnemis, 704.
Buconnus, 298.
Eucrada, 867.
Euderces, 1040.
Eudesma, 553.
THumicrus, 303.
Eupactus, 878.
Euphoria, 997.
Euphorticus, 137.
Euplectus, 331.
Tupogonius, 1082.
Eupristocerus, 796.
Eupsenius, 322.
Europs, 669.
urygenius, 1328.
Vurypogon, 689.
Burysphindus, 902.
Eustilbus, 500.
Wustrophus, 1292.
Euptheia, 303.
Wuthiodes, 303.
Butochia, 125s.
Eutylistus, S83.
Evarthrus, 99.
Exema, 1116.
Fxochomus, 518.
Falagria, 346.
Widia, 1142.
Kornax, 705,
lFustiger, 807.
Galerita, 140.
Galeruca, 1164.
Galerucella, 1166.
Gastroidea, 1159.
Gaurotes, 1050.
CGeodromicus, 475.
(ieopinus, 174.
GORY SSIDR, 675,
Georyssus, 675.
Geotrupes, 938,
Gibbium, 864.
Glipodes, 127.
Glyphonyx, 742.
Glyptina, 1194,
Glyptoma, 184,
Glyptoscelix, 1136.
Gnathocerus, 1256.
Gnorimus, 1002.
G Cpypeta, 345.
(foes, 1066.
Gracilia, 1022.
Graphisurus, 1078
Graphoderes, O34
GTaphops, 1143.
Griburius, 1124.
Gronevus, 503.
Grynocharis, 666.
Gynandropus, 179.
Gyretes, 242.
GYRINIDE, 236.
Gyrinus, 238.
Gy ronycha, 3
Gyrophena, He ),
Mabrocerus, 457.
Hadrobregmus, $71.
Memonia, 1107.
HALIPLID, 200.
Haliplus, ont.
Hallomenus, 1293.
Haltica, 1199.
Hamotus, 313.
Haplandrus, 1248.
Harpalus, 179.
Helluomorpha. 155.
Helochares, 261.
Helocombus, 262.
Helodes, 693.
Hlelophorus, 250)
Helops. 1268.
Memantus, 1358
Hemirhipus, 718.
Henoticus, 577.
Hesperobenus. 669.
Ilesperobium. 415).
ITeterius. 614.
If-terachthes, 1026.
[LETEROCERIDE. 682.
Tfeterocerus, 682.
Heterothops, 368.
Heteemis, 1066.
Hippodamia, 511.
Uippopsis, 1083.
Hister, 602.
LISTERID#, 59S.
Hololepta, 600.
Holoparamecus. (52.
Holotrochus, 474.
Holostrophus. 1293.
Homalium, 479.
Homalota, 342.
Hopatrinus, 1251.
Hoplandria, 350.
Hoplia, 949.
Hoplosia. 10890.
Horistonotus, T21:
Hornia, 12357.
Hydaticus. °
Hydnobius, ORF
Hydnocera, | i
Hydrena. 254.
Hydrobius, 262.
Hydrocanthus. 208.
Hydrocharis, 257.
Hydrochus. 251.
HypROPHILID.L. 247.
Hydrophilus. 254.
Hydroporus. 216.
Hydrovatus, 211.
Hylecoctus, S94.
INDEX TO FAMILIES AND
Ilylochares, 70.
Hylotrupes, 1019.
Hymenorus, 1272
Hyperaspis, 521.
Hyperplatys, 1077.
Hypnoidus, 723.
Hypocelus, 711.
Hypolampsis, 1206.
Hypophleeus, 1265.
Ilybiosoma, 224.
Ilybius, 222.
Incolia, 1289.
Iphthimus, 1247.
Ips, 648.
Teche, 1347.
Fschioden tus: TEM:
Ischyrus. 545.
Isomira, 1: area
Isoplastus, 289.
Labidomera, 1152.
Lazcobius. 259.
Lacconotus, 1302.
Laccophilus, 299.
Lacnocrepis, 170.
Lachnosterna, 958.
Lacon, 716.
Lactica, 1204.
Lemophleus, 566.
LAGRIID-£, 1284
Lamprohiza,
LAMPYRID.. 5
Languria, 541.
Lappus, 1339
Lasconotus,
Lasioderma,
Lathrobium, 4:
LATHRIDIIDZ, 651.
Lathridius, 655.
Lebia, 143.
Lema, 1110.
Leptacinus, 398.
LEPTINIDE. 271.
Leptinotarsa, 1152.
Leptinus, 272.
Leptogenius, 436.
Leptolinus, 398
Leptoschema, 761.
Leptostylus, 1071.
Leptotrachelus, 148.
Leptura, 1953.
Lepturges, 1075.
Leptusa, 342.
Lesteva, 476.
Ligyrus, 991.
Limpichus, 674.
Limonius, 7
Limulodes, 487.
Lina, 1160.
Liodes, 286.
Liopus, 1073.
Lispinus, 485.
Listotrophus, 374.
Litargus, 585.
Litochrus, 501.
Loberus, 573.
Longitarsus, 1191.
Lopheros, 811.
Loxandrus, 119.
LUCANID, 903.
Luzanus, 905.
Lucidota, 817.
Ludius, 736.
Luperaltica, 1203.
Luperodes, 1176.
Lutrochus, 678.
Lycoperdina, 538.
Lyctus, 891.
LYMEXYLONID.E, 894.
Lymexylon. 895,
GENERA.
Macratria, 1332.
Macrobasis, 1358
Macrodactylus,
Macronychus, 6
Macropogon, 68
MLALACHIIDG, $39.
Mallodrya, 1291.
Malporus, 1388.
Malthinus, 838.
Malthodes, 838.
Mantura, 1219.
Mastogenius, 795.
_ Matus, 223.
Meeas, 1090.
Mecynotarsus, 1336.
Megalodacne, 544.
Megalops, 462.
Megapenthes, 736.
Megarthrus, 482.
Megastilicus, 436.
Megilla, 510.
Megorama, 876.
Melanactes, 770.
Melandrya, 1296.
MELANDRYID.1,
Melanophila, 785.
Melanophthalma, 658
Melanotus, 744.
Melasis. 703.
Melba, 333.
Meligethes, 644.
Meloe, 1352.
MELOIDZ, 1350.
Meracantha, 1269.
Merinus, 1247.
Merium, 1019.
Meronera, 349.
Metabletus. 151.
Metachroma, 1144.
Mezium, 864.
Microbregma, 872.
Microcara, 693.
Microclytus, 1040.
Micromalthus, $94.
Micropeplus, 485.
Microrhopala, 1224.
Microrhagus, 707.
Microscapha, 1295.
Microtonus. 1306.
Molamba, 504.
Molorchus, 1028.
Monachus, 1132.
Monocesta, 1164.
Monocrepidius, 727.
Monohammus, 1063.
Monophylla. 849.
Monotoma. 667.
MoNOTOMID2E, 666.
Monoxia, 1171.
Mordella, 1311.
MORDELLIDSH, 12308.
Mordellistena, 1315.
Morio, 66.
Murmidius, 4
Myas. 89.
Mycetina, 538.
Mycetochares, 1279.
MyYCETOPHAGID ©. 582.
Mycetophagus, 583.
Mycetoporus, 445.
Mychocerus, 558.
Mycotretus, 546.
Mryeterus, 1302.
Myllena, 338.
Mvochrous. 1126.
Mrodites, 1367.
Mystaxus, 1297.
Nacerdes, 1306.
Nanosella, 487.
Narthecius, 566.
for)
1383
1384
Nausibius, 564.
Nebria, 52
Neerohia, 861.
Necrophilus, 277.
Necrophorus, 2733.
Necydalis, 1044.
Neladius, 302.
Nematodes, 710.
Nemognatha, 1354
Nemosoma, 6
Nemotarsus, 143.
Neoclytus, 1037.
Neomysia, 916.
Nephanes, 489.
Nicagus, 908.
Nisaxis, 317.
Nitidula, 640.
NITIDULID®, 628.
Nodonota, 1147.
Nomaretus, 41.
Nomius, 66.
Nosodendron, 672.
Nossidium, 486.
Nothodes, 762.
Nothopus, 174.
Nothus, 1302.
Notiophilus, 51.
Notoxus, 1334.
Nyctobates, 1246.
Oberea, 1091.
Obrium, 1027.
Ochodeus, 935.
Ochrolitus, 501.
Ochthebius, 253.
Octotemnus, 901.
Octotoma, 1225
Ocypus, 378.
Odontus, 938.
Odontonyx, 689.
Odontosphindus, )02.
(EDEMERIDA, 1304.
Gidionychis, 1180.
(&dostethus, 726.
Olibrus, 499.
Oligomeris, 869.
Oligota, 339.
Olistherus, $58.
Olisthopus, 136.
Olophrum, 478.
Omethes, 825+
Omophron, 39.
Omosita, 643.
Oncideres, 1083.
Onthophagus, 917.
Obdes, 171.
Opressus, 502.
Orchesia, 1294.
Orphilus, 598.
Orsodacna, 1108.
Orthaltica, 1215.
Orthocis, 899.
Orthoperus, 505.
Orthopleura, 861.
Orthosoma, 1010.
Orthostethus, 737.
Osmoderma, 1001.
Osorius, 473.
Oxacis, 1307.
Oxygonus, 768.
Oxypoda, 361.
Oxyporus, 459.
Oxytelus, 467.
Pachybrachys, 1125
Pachyonychus, 1207.
Pachyscelus, 807.
Pachyta, 1049.
Paderus, 437.
Palaminus, 441.
Pallodes, 646.
INDIANA COLEOPTERA,
Panageus, 65.
Paramedon, 431. .
Parandra, 1007.
Paratenetus, 1259).
Paratriarius, 1175.
Paria, 1138.
PARNIDA, 675.
Paromalus, 615.
Pasimachus, 54.
Passalus, 908,
Patrobus, 87.
Pediachus, 566.
Pelecotoma, 1365.
Pelidnota, 986.
Pelonomus, 678.
Peltis, 666.
Pentagonica, 154.
Pentaphyllus, 1265.
Pentaria, 1309.
LTenthe, 1290.
Penthelispa, 555.
DPerigona, 136.
Perothops, 773.
etalium, 877.
PHALACRID.®, 497.
Phalacrus, 498.
Phaneus, 917.
Phengodes, 824.
Phenolia, 642.
Phileurus, 994.
Philhydrus, 259.
Philonthus, 379.
Philotermes, Ate a
Philothermus, 59
Phlegon, 712.
Phlepora, 360.
Phiwotrya, 1298.
Phenonoium, 270.
Phomalus, 1346.
Vhotinus, 821.
Photuris, 823.
Phylethus, 1265.
Phyllecthrus, 1177.
Phyllobzenus, 85%.
Phyllobrotica, 117-t.
Phyllodecta, 1161.
Phyllotreta, 1196.
Phymaphora, 536
Phymatodes, 1017.
Physocnemum, 1017.
Physonota, 1229.
Phyton, 1027.
Pilopius, 311.
Pinacodera, 152.
Pinodytes, 277.
Pinophilus, 440.
Pisenus, 1289.
Pityobius, 759.
Placusa, 341.
Plagiodera, 1154).
Plagionotus, 1034.
Platandria, 850.
Plateros, S14.
Platycerus, 907.
Platydema, 1262.
Platynus, 121.
Platystethus, 467.
Tlectrodera, LOGS,
Plegaderns, 624.
Pleurophorus, 922.
Plochionus, 152.
Pleeosoma, 544.
DPocadins, 642.
VPodabrus, 828.
Peecilonota, TS3.
Pogonocherus, 1080,
Polemius, 836.
Polyclasis, 817.
Polymeechus, 987.
Tomphopeea, 1364.
Prasocuris, 1150
Prateus, 1260.
Priocera, 801.
Prionocheta, 280.
Prionocyphon, 693.
Prionus, 1011.
Prometopia, 642.
Protheea, 882.
Protinus, +83.
lsammodius, 922
PSELAPHID.E, 305.
Pselaphus, 314.
Psenocerus, 1062.
Psephenus, 677.
Pseudobeeus, 842.
Pseudomedon, 432.
Pseudopsis, 45%.
Psilopyga, 645.
Psylliodes, 1222.
Psyllobora, 517.
Ptenidium, 486.
Pterostichus, 90,
Pteryngium, 577.
Pteryx, 488.
['tilinus, 885.
Ptilium, +86.
Ptilodactyla, GOV.
Ptinella, 490.
Ptinellodes, 48s.
Prinip@, 862.
Ptinus, 865.
Ptomophagus, 281.
Ptosima, 794.
Purpuricenus, 1030.
Pyecnomerus, 556.
Pycnophus, 296.
Pyractomena, 820.
Pyrochroa, 1348.
PYROCTIRVID.D, 1846.
Pyropyga, 819.
Pyrota, 1363.
Tyticera, 860.
PyruHips, 1302.
Pytho. 1304.
Quedius, 269.
Rafonus, 329.
Ramecia, 330.
Reichenbachia, 319.
Retocomus, 1328.
Rhabdopterus, 1147.
Rhagium, 1048.
Rhanis, 536.
thantus, 228.
Rhexidius, 330.
Rhexius, 329.
Rhinosimus, 1304.
RIUIPICERID.zB, G96,
Ithipidandrus, 901.
Rhipidius, 1365.
RHIPIPHORID®, 1364.
Rhipiphorus, 1365.
Rhizophagus, 650
Rhopalophora, 1029.
Rhopalopus, 1017.
Rhymbus, 5385.
Rhyssodes, 559.
Rityssopipa, 558.
Romaleum, 1023.
Rybaxis, 317.
Sacium, 504.
Salpingus, 1304.
Sandalus. G98,
Saperda, 1084.
Sapintus, 1342.
Saprinus, 617.
Sarpedon, 710.
Saxinus, 1114.
Scaphidema, 1265.
ScarHIDIIps, 490.
Scaphidium, 491,
Scaphiomicrus, 497.
Scaphisoma, 405,
SCARABBID, 909,
Scarites, 55.
Schizogentus, 61.
Schizophilus, G12,
Schizotus, 1349.
Sciocharella, 431.
Sciocharis, 430.
Scirtes, 604.
Scopus, 433.
Scotobates, 1248.
Scraptia. 1299
Scutopterus, 228.
SCYDMENID.E, 291,
Scydmenus, 301.
Scymuus, 525.
Selenophorus, 186.
Serica, 956.
Sericoderus, 504.
Sericus, 762.
Siagonium, 483.
Silis, 831.
Silpha, 275.
SILPHID-E, 272.
Silvanus, 561.
Sinoxylon, S88.
Sitodrepa, S70.
Smicrus, 489.
Smilia, 524.
Smodicum, 1015.
Soronia, 643.
Spermophagus, 1235.
Spheridium, 265.
Spheroderma, 1205.
Sphenostethus, 1012.
SPHINDID.E. 901.
Sphindus, 902.
Spilotus, 1297.
SPONDYLID&, 1006.
STAPHYLINIDS, 334.
Staphylinus, 375.
Statira, 1285.
Stelidotta, 641.
Stenelmis, 680.
Stenispa, 1228.
Stenolophus, 187.
Stenosphenus, 1031.
Stenotarsus, 539.
Stenus, 401.
Stereopalpus, 1328.
Stetholiodes, 288.
Stethon, 703.
Stethorus, 531.
Stictocranius, 459.
Stilicopsis, 439.
Stilicus, 434.
Strangalia, 1051.
INDEX TO FAMILIES AND
Strigoderma, 985,
Stromatium, 1022.
Strongylium, 1270.
Sunius, 438.
Symbiotes, 536.
Symphora, 1298.
Synchita, 551.
Synchroa, 1290.
Syneta, 1110.
Systena, 1219.
Tachinus, 443.
Tachycellus, 192.
Tachyporus, 446.
Tachys, 80.
Tachyusa, 347.
Tanilotes, 1346.
Taphrocerus, S04.
Telephanus, 569.
Telephorus, 882,
Telmatophilus, 573.
Tenebrio, 1249.
Tenebroides, 663.
TENEBRIONIDS, 12438.
Teretrius, 625.
Tetracha, 28.
Tetragonoderus, 142.
Tetraonyx, 1359.
Tetraopes, 1093.
‘Tetratoma, 1288.
Tetropium, 1015.
Tetrops, 1093.
Thanasimus, 854.
Tharops, 703.
Tharsus, 1257.
Theca, 879.
Thermonectes, 234.
Thesium, 332.
Thinobius, 472.
Thrimolus, 587.
THROSCIDA, 773.
Throscus, 775.
Tillomorpha, 1040.
Tillus, 849.
Tinotus, 349.
Tisactia, 581.
Tmesiphorus, 310.
Tomarus, 574.
Tomoderus, 1337.
Tomoxia, 1310.
TYoxidium, 495.
Toxotus, 1046.
Trachysectus. 431.
Tragidion, 1030.
Trechus, 87.
Triachus, 1134.
Tribalus, 614.
Tribolium, 1254.
Trichaltica, 1204.
GENERA.
Trichius, 1008.
Trichiusa, 351.
Trichodes, 851.
Trichodesma, 871.
Trichopsenius, 443.
1385
TRICHOPTERYGID®, 485.
Trichopteryx, 488.
Tricrania, 1354.
Triga, 483.
Trimiomelba, 382.
Trimioplectus, 333.
Trirhabda, 1164.
_aratoma, 547.
Trogoderma, 593.
Trogophleus, 469.
Trogosita, 663.
TRoOGOSITID, 661.
Tropisternus, 255.
Trox, 941.
Trypherus, 838.
Trypopitys, 872.
Tychus, 314.
Tylonotus, 1026.
Tymnes, 1141.
Typhea, 587.
Typocerus, 1052.
Typophorus, 1138.
Tyrus, 313.
Tytthonyx, 824.
Uloma, 1257.
Valgus, 1004.
Vanonus, 1346.
Veraphis, 303.
Xantholinus, 394.
XNanthonia, 1142.
Xenistusa, 443.
Xenodusa, 359.
Xenorhipis. 787.
Xestobium, 868.
Xestocis, 899.
Xesturida, 350.
Xyletinus, 873.
Xylita, 1297.
Xylopinus, 1248.
Xyloryctes, 992.
Xylotrechus, 1036.
Zamodes, 1027.
Zenoa, 697.
Zenodusus, 855.
Zeugophora, 1109.
Zonantes, 1345.
Zonitis, 1356.
Zuphium, 140.
Zygogramma, 1164.
Zyras, 358.
INDEX TO NEW SPECIES.
Aleovhara rufipes, 365. Lathrobium insanus. 424.
Amarochara fenyesi, 361. Leptusa elegans, 342.
Anomala pubescens, 954. obscura, 348.
Aphadius wolcotti, 932.
Arthromacra glabricollis, 1285.
Atheta caviceps, 854.
laurentiana, 357.
punctata, 355.
suleata, 255,
Macrobasis flavocinereus. 1259.
Melanotus earinus, 752.
cribriventris, 7-417.
debilis. 754.
difficilis. 751.
divarcarinus, 754.
Bevocera punctipennis, 494. lixus, 754.
Badister laticeps, 118. longicornis, 745.
Hanchardia gracilis, 826. pilosus, 751.
Bledius borealis, 465. prasinus, 752.
Brachynus gracilis, 160. Mordellistena confusa, 1316.
pulchellus, 161. . hoosieri. 1325.
testacea, 13821.
Calodera infuscata, 361.
Cathartus longulus, 564.
Cis confusus, 899.
Ochthebius putnamensis, 255.
oy
Oxypoda palustris, 362.
cornutus, 898. Vachybrachys elegans. 1127.
falli, $98. sticticus. 1120.
Calon oblongulun, 283. Paramedon falli., $52.
Conosonia carinula, 451, Philonthus multipunctarus, 389.
elongita, 450. Phyllobrotica lengi, 117.
Corphyra brunnea, 1531. Prasocuris ovalis. 1151.
Ditemnus latilobus, 837. Rhantus confusus, 229.
Ditoma granulata, 552.
Donacia megacornis, 1108. Saprinus lakensis, 623.
oviformis, G22.
Ennearthron oblongus, 900. simulatus, 621,
Hpurer duryi, 639. Scaphisoma distincta, 496.
Bue wnus similis, 295. : Serica. vrinata, 957,
intermixta. 057.
Glyptoscelis liebecki. 1137. Stenelmis sulcatus, G81.
Gyrinus piceolus, 240. Stenus similiatus, 404.
suspectus, 408.
Haltica wenescens, 1202.
cuprascens, 120°, Tachyporus pulehrus, 447.
knabii, 1202. ‘Telephorus simpliunguis, 836.
Hister osculatus. 607. Trogophleus poseyensis, 471.
Ilydrochus granulatus, 2538.
eee Nantholinus indianensis, 396.
TJydrovatus indianensis, 212.
linearis, 895,
Isomira similis, 1278. -Zonitis sulcicollis, 1357,
(Date of issue of this volume, September 20, 1910.)
(1386)
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