2
2 %
wh | 4 %
: ie ~
z , F &
yak
.
e
ae et Fe Mee es mel
THE
JOHN CRAIG
LIBRARY
COLLEGE
OF
AGRICULTURE
A eT TO
ER i gi kt i at a
COLLEGE CF ASRICULTURE,
DEPARTMENT GF HGATICULTURE,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY,
ITHACA, N.Y,
Cornell University
Library
The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924084759624
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, LL.D., F.RS., F.G.S., Dirzcror.
CATALOGUE
OF
CANADIAN PLANTS.
PART I.— POLYPETAL.
BY
JOHN MACOUN, M.A, F.LS., F.R.S.C.
Montreal ;
DAWSON BROTHERS.
1883.
In this publication it is intended to enumerate systematically the
plants of the Dominion of Canada, and to define their range in so
far as the knowledge at present available enables this to be done.
This, the first part of the Catalogue, will be followed by others, as
soon as it is possible to complete the necessary examination of col-
lections and authorities.
ALFRED R. C. SELWYN.
Orrawa, May, 1883.
PREFACE.
THE purpose of this work is to place in the hands of Canadian
botanists, in a connected torm, the knowledge so far obtained of the
extent and distribution of the Flora of Canada. It is believed that this
Catalogue will satisfy a long-felt want, and enable botanists to add to,
or make more accurate, the data at present available, and in the course
of afew years remove the serious difficulties which now stand in the
way ofa “Flora of Canada.”
Forty-three years ago Sir William Jackson Hooker aeuea his
great work the “ Flora Boreali Americana,” and in it recorded all the
inowledne obtained of species and their distribution by the early
travellers and explorers. In the same year, 1840, Torrey and Gray
published their work on the Flora of North America, which included
the Polypetale only. Three years later the Gamopetale to the end of
the Composite, was published by the same authors. After the lapse of
thirty-five years Dr. Asa Gray published the remaining Gamopetale
in the year 1878. The four works above enumerated contain all we
know of Canadian botany, beyond the lists which have appeared occa-
sionally in Canadian scientific publications.
In giving the distribution of species I have freely availed myself of
all published records. My own observations, having extended from the
Eastern Provinces to the Pacific, enable me to speak with accuracy and
decision on many points which a more limited knowledge of distribution
would preclude. The collections made during the last ten years by the
gentlemen on the staff of the Geological and Natural History Survey in
various parts of Canada have ba examined by me, and also many
other collections made in Ontario.
Through the kindness of Principal Dawson I have likewise examined
the very large Herbarium 9f McGill College and the collections of Dr.
VI PREFACE,
Holmes, made in the neighborhood of Montreal as early as 1821. The
McGill College collections are from all parts of Canada, but chiefly from
Quebec, and are of very great scientific interest. *
For our notices of Newfoundland plants, besides the volumes men-
tioned above, we are indebted to the late Dr. John Bell, who published
a list of plants collected by him on the west coast of that island in the
summer of 1867, in the Canadian Naturalist for 1869; and to the McGill
College Herbarium. ;
Our knowledge of the Nova Scotia flora is derived chiefly from a list
published in the Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian
Institute of Natural Science for 1875-76, to which the following gentle-
men. contribute :—Prof. How, D.C.L., King’s College, Windsor, N. 8. ;
Prof. Lawson, Ph.D., LL.D., Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.8.; Prof.
Sommers, M.D., Halifax Medical College; Rev. B. H. Ball, St. Luke’s,
Halifax, N. 8.; D. A. Campbell, M.D., C.M., Halifax Medical College;
A. W. H. Lindsay, M.D., Halifax, N.S. In addition to the published
catalogue, A. H. McKay, B.A., Principal of the Pictou Academy, N.S.,
sent me a very valuable manuscript list of his own extensive collections
in that province and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. McGill
College Ierbarium also supplies additional matter.
New Brunswick notices are principally from a catalogue of New
Brunswick plants, published in the years 1878-79, by the Rev. James
Fowler, M.A., Professor of Natural History, Queen’s College, Kingston,
Ont., but late Science Master in the Normal School at Fredericton, N. B.
The Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick for the
years 1882-83 contains additional notices both of species and localities.
Contributions from the following gentlemen are also acknowledged :
G. F. Matthew, M.A., Prof. Bailey, Messrs. G. U. Hay, James Vroom,
Robert Chalmers, James Moser, Arthur J. Trueman, J. Brittain, G. H.
Burnett and J. E. Wetmore.
Our knowledge of the Quebec flora is obtained from the following
sources: A catalogue of the plants collected by the late Dr. Andrew
Holmes in the vicinity of Montreal about the year 1821. The plants
themselves are in the Herbarium of McGill College. Dr. Thomas’ list of
the plants growing at Riviére du Loup and on the Island of Orleans.
L’Abbé Ovide Brunet’s Catalogue, published in 1865 by himself, and
distributed to his friends, gave all the Canadian plants in the Herbarium
of Laval University, Quebec. W.S. M. D’Urban collected, in the year
*Among the principal contributors to the McGill College Herbarium, the following may be
mentioned:—Dr. Andrew Holmes, Miss Brodie, Rev. Mr. Butler, D. F. H. Wilkins, B.A.,
Labrador plants; Mr. George Barnston, Arctic plants ; H. E. Trapnell, Newfoundland plants;
W. W. Doherty, New Brunswick plants; Principal Dawson, Dr. F. Ww. Kelley, Nova Scotian
lants. Also Dr. R. 8. McConnell, Dr. B. J. Harrington, Dr. C. E. Graham, Dr. B. J- Wales,
r. John Bell, and Messrs. W. B. Dawson, B.A., H. H. Lyman, B.A., R. G- McConnell, B.A.,
D. Currie, B.A., L. M. England, B.A., Walter Lyman, B.A., J. C. McRae, J. A. Porter, B.A.,
R. C. Kirkpatrick, James Meahan and G. H. Blackadar.
PREFACE. VII
1858, in the counties of Argenteuil and Ottawa, and published the list in
the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist for 1861. A few additions have
been obtained from the Canadian Flora, publisked by L’Abbe Pro-
vancher, and from Dr. Maclagan, who collected near Montreal, and at a
few other localities in the province of Quebec. The results of my own
explorations in Gaspé during the summer of 1882 are included, as well
as notes obtained from an examination of the various collections in
McGill College and the Herbarium of the Natural History Society of
Montreal. Anything relating to the flora of the province that could be
culled from Sir William Hooker’s Flora is likewise added.
Ontario has been pretty thoroughly worked up in almost every
district. The eastern part by Mr. James Fletcher and Mr. R. B. Whyte,
of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club, and by the late B. Billings, Esq.,
in the neighborhood of Prescott and Brockville. My own explorations
include the counties of Prince Edward, Addington, Hastings, North-
umberland, Peterboro and Victoria, in the central district; the vicinity
of Toronto, the Niagara Peninsula, the country along Lake Erie and the
line of the Canada Southern railway, Pelee Point and Island, the
vicinity of Owen Sound and the Bruce Peninsula; the north shore of
Lake Superior, and the whole extent of the Dawson Route, from
Thunder Bay to Manitoba, including the valley of the Kaminis-
tiquia River. The neighborhood of Hamilton has been well explored by
the late Judge Logie and J. M. Buchan, M.A., principal of Upper
Canada College, Toronto. The district around London has been care-
fully examined by William Saunders, Hsq., President of the Entomo-
logical Society, and Dr. Thomas Burgess, Assistant Superintendent of
the Insane Asylum of that city. The researches of the latter gentle-
man have extended from Niagara Falls to Muskoka and Parry Sound,
and he has added many rare southern forms to the flora of the province.
H. B. Spotten, M.A., Principal of Barrie High School, has collected
largely in the vicinity of Lake Simcoe. The eminent Douglas, Dr.
Todd, Mr. Goldie and Dr. Maclagan have also done good service. The
collections of the three first named were examined by Sir William
Hooker, and all localities credited to them are taken from his work.
Dr. Robert Bell has collected in the country north of Lake Superior,
along the shores of Lake Huron and in the country extending northward
to James’ Bay, along the east coast of Hudson’s Bay, and in the valleys
of the Nelson and Churchill Rivers, and the intervening district.
The great plains between Manitoba and the Rogky Mountains have
been pretty thoroughly examined. The collection made by Dr. G. M.
Dawson, while geologist and naturalist to the Boundary Commission,
embraces the whole flora of the 49th parallel, from the Lake of the
Woods to the Rocky Mountains. During the summers of 1872, 1875,
VIII PREFACE.
1879 and the two following years, I made extensive journeys through
both the prairie region and the wooded country to the north, as far as
Lat. 59°, including the whole length of the great Peace River. M.
Bourgeau, while botanist to Captain Palliser’s expedition in 1857-58,
made numerous traverses of the country bordering on the Saskatch-
ewan and southward. Douglas and Drummond explored the whole
country from the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, by the North Saskatch-
ewan and Athabasca to the Rocky Mountains. The former passed
across the Rocky Mountains by the Athabasca Pass, and examined the
entire length of the valley of the Columbia, while the latter collected
in the main range of the Rocky Mountains, between Lat. 52°-56°, and
particularly in that part about the head of Smoky River, a tributary of
the Peace. Sir John Richardson and other Arctic explorers noted.and
collected the plants of the wooded country from Hudson’s Bay to the
Arctic Sea, its coasts and islands, including the country north of the
Saskatchewan and the whole valley of the Mackenzie.
Our knowledge of the Rocky Mountain region proper is still, how-
ever, very imperfect. Dr. G. M. Dawson has examined the region in
the vicinity of the South Kootanie Pass, near the 49th parallel, and
traversed the mountains by the Pine Pass, in Lat. 55°. In September,
1879, I ascended the Bow River Pass for a few miles, and obtained
some knowledge of its alpine flora. Bourgeau also spent some time,
in August, 1858, in the Bow River Pass and on the adjacent mountains,
and made extensive collections. Douglas’ and Drummond’s explora-
tions have already been referred to, but the latter may be said to have
given us the most valuable information, as he spent a whole summer
in the mountains. I examined the Peace River Pass and ascended
Mount Selwyn at its western end, in 1875, but owing to the loss of the
collections the results obtained were not satisfactory.
British Columbia, also, still requires much attention. Besides the
early explorers mentioned by Hooker, the following are our sources of
information: During the early part of 1875 I made very extensive
collections on Vancouver Island near Victoria, and all the way, by the
valley of the Fraser, from the coast to Fort MacLeod at the western
base of the Rocky Mountains, in Lat. 55°. Dr. G. M. Dawson has
collected on Vancouver Island, in the valley of the Fraser, and in
the country lying west of it to the Coast Ranges, in 1875-76. In
the summer of 1877 in southern British Columbia on the Cascades and
dry valleys lying to.the east. The summer of 1878 was spent by him
in the Queen Charlotte Islands, and in 1879 a traverse was made to the
Rocky Mountains by way of the Skeena. A. J. Hill, C.E., has added
considerably to our knowledge of the flora of the Fraser and Thompson
Rivers, during the summers of 1880-81-82.
PREFACE. Ix
Alaska has been included in the catalogue, as its flora is that of our
western coast and north-western interior region. Besides the refer-
ences to it taken from Hooker’s Flora Boreali Americana, I have used
Dr. J. T. Rothrock’s Catalogue of Alaskan Plants, published in the
Smithsonian Report for the year 1867.
All plants which are common to British North America and Green-
land are introduced. The catalogue used is that of Sir Joseph Hooker,
in the Arctic Manual published in 1875.
In conclusion, I would again state that the present work is by no
means final, and would invite the co-operation of botanists in all parts
of Canada in the work of adding to our list of species and assisting to
define the limits and varietal range of those already known.
JOHN MACOUN.
Orrawa, April 1883.
POLYPETALOUS EXOGENS.
I RANUNCULACER. Crowroor FAMILy.
1. CLEMATIS, Linn. (VIRGIN’S BOWER.)
(1.) C. verticillaris, DC. Whorl-leaved Clematis.
Atragene Americana, Sims. Pursh, 384.
Trailing over rocks or climbing over bushes, from the vicinity of
Quebec (Brunet) throughout Ontario, and extending through the wooded
district to the Rocky Mountains in Lat. 56° (on Mount Selwyn), and
westward to the Coast Range of British Columbia; also on the foot-hills
of the Rocky Mountains near the 49th parallel, and in the Bow River
Pass.
(2.) C. Virginiana, Linn. Virginian Clematis.
C. cordata, Pursh, 384.
River banks and in low grounds along streams. Common in Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, and extending to Thunder
Bay, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) At the south end of Lake Winnipeg.
(Drummond.)
(3.) C. ligusticifolia, Nutt.
C. Virginiana, Hook. Fl. I.; 1 in part.
Climbing or trailing over bushes or sand on the sand hills at the
source of the Qu’Appelle. (Macoun.) Margin of Waterton Lake,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Spence’s Bridge and Cache Creek, B. C.
(Macoun.)
(4.) Douglasii, Hook. Douglas's Clematis.
On the west side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the
Columbia. (Douglas.) It may be looked for in the southern part of
British Columbia.
12 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
2. ANEMONE, Linn. (WIND FLOWER.)
(5.) A. patens, Linn. var. Nuttalliana, Gray. Prairie Anemone
or ‘‘ May-flower.”
A. patens, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 5.
A, Nuttalliana, DC. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 12.
Pulsatilla patens, Gray. Lawson, Ranunce. Can., 22.
Abundant on dry gravelly soil from the eastern margin of the
prairie region through the Rocky Mountains, and westward to the
Coast Ranges. It ranges northward beyond the Arctic Circle, and
northwesterly into Alaska. (othr. Alask.)
(6.) A. occidentalis, Watson. Western Anemone.
A, alpina, Hook, Fi. I, 5.
Pulsatilla alpina. Lawson, Ranune. Can. 23.
Mountains of southern British Columbia and Rocky Mountains,
near the 49th parallel, at 6,000 feet altitude. (Dawson.) Eastern
declivity of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Kotzebue
Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(7.) A. parviflora, Michx. Small-flowered Anemone.
A, borealis, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 12.
A. cuneifolia, Juss. Pursh. 386.
Wet rocks along rivers and in mountains. Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.) Newfoundland. (MeGill Coll, Herb.) Anticosti, (Pursh.)
Labrador. (7.&G.) Dartmouth River, Gaspé. (J. Beil.) Magdalen
River, Ste. Anne River and Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q.; Pic River,
Lake Superior ; Bow River near Morley, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Hast coast of
Hudson’s Bay. (#. Bell.) It becomes abundant northward and
extends to the Arctic Sea, Lat. 70°. (Hooker.) Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
(8.) A. Baldensis, Hook.
Arid places on the eastern summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-55°. (Drummond.) Watson in his Index to American Botany
gives this as a synonym of A. multisida, which, however, is scarcely
probable. I found a species which I took to be this on Mount Selwyn
in the Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°, but the specimens were lost.
(9.) As nemorosa, Linn. Wood Anemone.
A. lancifolia, Pursh. 387.
Thick woods under trees. Not uncommon in New Brunswick
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 13
(Fowler.) From Gaspé to Dunvegan, (Lat. 56°) on Peace River, and
throughout British Columbia to Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Dean
or Salmon River, B. C. (Dawson.) Local but not rare.
(10.) A. deltoidea, Hook.
Salmon River, near Salmon House, Coast Range, B.OC., 1876.
(Dawson.)
(11.) A. Richardsoni, Hook. * Richardson’s Anemone.
A. ranunculoides, var. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 12.
Eastern primitive district; shores of Hudson’s Bay; barren ground,
Rocky Mountains, from Lat 55°-68°, in wet, mossy ground. (Richard
son, Drummond.) York Factory. (R: Bell.) Ounalaska Island, Kotzebue
Sound; Youcon River. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(12.) A. cylindrica, Gray. Long-fruited Anemone.
Fence corners and borders of woods. Township of Durham, Quebec.
(Brunet.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Belleville and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(13.) A. Virginiana, Linn. Virginian Anemone.
Dry, rocky woods and banks of rivers. Mouth of Upsalquitch River,
Grand Falls of St. John. N. B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Abundant from Gaspé
to Fort William and across the plains to the Rocky Mountains
(Macoun.) Extending northward to Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) This
species and the preceding are often confounded.
(14.) A. multifida, DC. Red Wind-flower.
A, Hudsoniana. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 13.
River St. John, above Fredericton; Grand Falls, N. B. (Fowler's
Cat.) From Gaspé to Lake Superior, Pic River to the Lake of the
Woods, and across the great plains and northwardly by Peace River to
British Columbia. (Macoun.) Shores of Hudson’s Bay. (2. Bell.) Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.)
(15.) A. dichotoma, Linn. Round-headed Anemone.
A. Pennsyluanica, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1, 8.
A. aconitifolia. Michx. Fl. L., 320.
Abundant along river margins and in low meadows. Truro, N. 8.
(Campbell.) Along St. John River and tributaries; Restigouche, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant from Gaspé to the valleys of the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) From Hudson’s Bay to the mouth of the
Mackenzie and westward to the Pacific. (Hooker.)
14 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(16.) A. narcissiflora, Linn. Narcissus-flowered Anemone.
Rocky places. Northwest coast; Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Will
likely be found in British Columbia.
(17.) A. Hepatica, Linn. Liverwort. May Flower.
Hepatica triloba, Chaix. Gray, Manual, 38.
Dry, rich woods. Falmouth and Bridgewater, N. 8. (How & Bull.)
Pictou, N.S., very rare. (Mackay.) St. Stephens and Keswick Ridge,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Rather rare in Quebec from the Isle of Orleans
westward. (Brunet.) Abundant throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
Reported from River Winnipeg by Captain Back, and Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 55°, by Drummond. These references are doubtful.
(Macoun). Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(18.) A. acutiloba, Lawson. May Flower.
Hepatica triloba, var. acuta. Pursh, 391.
H. acutiloba, DC. Gray’s Manual, 38.
Rich, shady woods. Point Levis. (Brunet.) Common around
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Abundant throughout Ontario.
(Macoun.)
3. THALICTRUM, Tourn. (MEADOW-RUE.)
(19.) Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx. Rue Anemone.
Syndesmon thalictroides, Hoffm. Lawson, Ranune. Can., 31.
Rich, rocky woods. Vicinity of Niagara Falls and Pelee Island,
Lake Erie. (Macoun.) St. Davids, Niagara District, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Oaklands, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
(20.) T. dioicum, Linn. Early Meadow-rue.
T. levigatum, Michx. FI. I., 322.
Rich woods, Keswick Ridge, rare; Flat lands, Restigouche, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant from Gaspé to the Pacific. (Macoun.)
North to Lat. 67°. (Hooker.)
(21) T. purpurascens, Linn. Purplish Meadow-rue.
T. pubescens, Pursh, 383.
Dry uplands and rocky hills. St. Joachim, Quebec. (Provancher.)
Vicinity of Belleville and at Heely Falls, Seymour, Ont. (Macoun.)
Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 15
(22.) T. Cornuti, Linn. Fall Meadow-rue.
T. rugosum, Pursh, 388.
T. corynellum, DC. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 12.
Wet meadows, around springs and along rivulets. Common from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick through the wooded districts to the
Pacific. North to Peace River. (Macoun.) Coast of Labrador.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Anticosti. (Verrill.) Newfoundland. (J.
Richardson.)
(23.) T. alpinum, Linn. Alpine Meadow-rue.
Island of Anticosti, 1861. (Verrill.) Newfoundland. (Banks.)
Kotzebue Sound and Port Clarence. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(24.) T. sparsiflorum, Turcz. Few-flowered Meadow-rue.
T. clavatum, Hook. FI. I, 2.
Low, rich alluvial soil. Low ground along the eastern base of the
Porcupine Mountains, about Lat. 53°, Man. Macleod’s Lake, Lat 55°,
B.C. (Macoun.) Portage La Loche, a height of land composed of
sand hills, Lat. 57°, N. W.T. Richardson.)
4. MYOSURUS, Dill. (MOUSE-TAIL.)
(25.) M. minimus, Linn. Least Mouse-tail.
On ground subject to overflow and on limestone shingle at the Ferry
House opposite Belleville; rocky pastures west of Albert College, Belle-
ville, Ont. Arid spots north of Cypress Hills, N.W.T. Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island, B. C. (Macoun.) Near Short Creek, Souris River,
N.W.T, Tsi Tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
(26.) M. aristatus, Benth. Awned Mouse-tail.
Arid soil, west of the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, 1879;
near Reed Lake, Lat. 50° 30’, Long. 107° 20’, N. W.T. Abundant
near Lytton, B.C. (Macoun.)
5. RANUNCULUS, Linn. (CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP.)
(27.) R. hederaceus, Linn.
R. aquatilis, Linn. var. Lobbii.. Watson’s Index, 17. :
Growing in a pool by the roadside near Esquimault Harbor, Van-
couver Island, 1875. (Macoun.)
16 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(28). R. aquatilis, Linn. var. trichophyllus, Chaix. White
Water-crowfoot.
R. fluviatilis, Pursh, 395.
R. aquatilis var. capillaceus, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 10.
R. aquatilis var. brachypus, Hook. & Arn. Torr & Gray, Fl. L, 658.
Common in stagnant pools and slow-flowing brooks, from Cape
Breton (How.) to British Columbia. (Macoun.) Coppermine River.
(Simpson) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
Var. stagnatilis, DC.
R. diraricatus, Gray, Manual, 40.
In stagnant pools from Rat Creek, Manitoba, westward to the moun-
tains. (Macoun.)
Var. czespitosus, DC.
Borders of forest lakes. Small lakes, North Hastings, Ont.
(Macoun.), thence northward and westward. (Hooker.)
The first is the common eastern form, and often grows in company
with the latter, while the second is the characteristic form of the stag-
nant pools of the prairies.
(29.) R. multifidus, Pursh. Yellow Water-crowfoot.
R. Purshit, Torr. Hook. FI. L., 16.
Common in stagnant pools and ditches. Cape Breton Island to the
Pacific and northward to near the Arctic Sea. Kotzebue Sound. (othr.
Alask.) .
Var. 8, Watson’s Index, 20.
R. Purshii var. y. Hook. Fl. I., 15.
R. limosus, Nutt. in Torr & Gray, FI. I., 20.
In or on the margins of small pools on the great prairies; in the
Touchwood Hills, N. W.T. (dMacoun.) Lakes and marshes about
Cumberland House and Slave Lake. ( Richardson.) Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) In pools near Stuart’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. y. repens, Watson in King’s Rep., 8.
R. Purshii, var. 8. Richardson.
In a muddy brook near Flinton, Hastings Co., Ont. Numerous
places on the great prairies. (Macoun.) Swamps, foot-hills of Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Bear Lake. (Richardson.)
°(30.) R. alismzefolius, Geyer. Water-plantain. Spearwort.
Macoun’s Cat., No. 23.
In inundated places on mud. Southern part of Ontario. (Goldie.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 17
Vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(31.) R. flammula, Linn. var. intermedius, Hook.
Shore of Lake Ontario at Presqu’ Ile Point and on Toronto Island.
(Macoun.) On the gravelly banks of rivers to Lat. 69°. (Richardson.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct., Pl.) ;
Var. reptans, Meyer. Creeping Crowfoot.
R. reptans, Linn. Macoun’s Cat., No. 48.
R. filiformis, Michx. Fl. I., 320.
R. flammula vay. filiformis, Hook. Fl. L, 11.
Abundant along the gravelly margins of lakes and rivers from Nova
Scotia to the Coast Ranges of British Columbia, and northward to the
Arctic Sea. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) This form is very
persistent, and roots at almost every joint.
(32.) R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. Seaside Crowfoot. -
Sea shores and margins of salt ponds in the prairie region and interior
of British Columbia. Common in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
(How & Fowler.) Gaspé, Q.; Fort William, Lake Superior. (dJacoun.)
Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On mud flats along the
Ottawa at Thurso, Q. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Along the Ottawa River
at Beauharnois, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) From Hudson’s Bay to near
the Arctic Sea in Lat. 63° (Richardson.) Pacific coast. (Dawson.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. alpinus, Hook. Fl. I., 11.
Near the summits of ‘the Rocky Mountains, between Lat. 52°-55°.
(Drummond.)
(33.) R. rhomboideus, Goldie. Rhomboid-leaved Crowfoot.
R. ovalis, Raf. Hook. Fi. I, 12.
R. brevicaulis, Hook. FI. I., 13.
Dry ground and sand hills. Near Montreal. (Dr. Holmes). Sand
hills near Trenton, and Rice Lake Plains, Ont.; banks of the Humber
near Toronto. (Maroun.) Lake Simcoe, Ont. (Goldie.) Near London,
Ont. (Saunders.) Sandy plains of the Riviere aux Sables, Lambton
Co., Ont. (Gibson.) Lake of the Woods and various places on the
Western plains. (Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Barnston.) Red River
Prairie and Pembina Mountain. (Dawson.) Alpine prairies of the
Rocky Mountains and about Carleton House, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drum-
mond.)
2
18 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(34.) R. affinis, R. Br. Rough-fruited Crowfoot.
R. arcticus, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 13.
Abundant west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Lake of the
Woods and Trader’s Road, north of Woody Mountain, N. W.T.
(Dawson.) From Long. 95° to the western declivity of the Rocky
Mountains, Melville Island and shores of the Arctic Sea, between
Long. 107°--159°. (Richardson). Barren summits of the Rocky Moun-
tains on the eastern side of the ridge, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.)
Quesnel, B.C. (dMacoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. cardiophyllus, Gray.
R. cardiophyllus, Hook. Fl. I, 14.
Vicinity of Morley, Bow River; seven miles northwest of Edmon-
ton. (Macoun.) In the central prairie and limestone districts to Lat.
55°. Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Var. leiocarpus, Trauty.
Top of Mount Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspé, Q. (Macoun.)
(35.) R. glaberrimus, Hook. Smooth Crowfoot.
Near Lake La Hache, and above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun.) Kettle
Falls of the Columbia and on the Rocky Mountains, near the limit of
perpetual snow. (Douglas.)
(36.) R. fascicularis, Muhl. Bundle-rooted Buttercup.
Dry, gravelly soil. Kingston Mills, Chippewa and Malden, Ont. (Mac:
lagan.) Belleville, Trenton, vicinity of Toronto, Niagara Falls, Ont.
(Macoun.) Common east of London Ont. (Saunders.) Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) South end of Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.) Last reference
doubtful.
(37.) R. abortivus, Linn. Small-flowered Buttercup.
In old pastures and woods quite common. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Common in New Brunswick. (Jowler’s Cat.) Anticosti and New-
foundland. (Verrill.) Abundant in Quebec and Ontario, extending
through the forest region to British Columbia by Peace River.
(Macoun.)
Var. micranthus, Gray, Manual, 42.
R. micrauthus, Nutt. in Torr & Gray, FI. I., 18.
Rocky shores. Grand Etang, Gaspé,Q. Along the canal at the Sault
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 19
Ste. Marie. Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior.
(Agassiz.) Rare.
(38.) R. sceleratus, Linn. Noxious Buttercup.
In ditches and muddy pools. St. Stephen, Shediac and River Charlo
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Gaspé and Point Levis,Q. (Macoun.) Beleil
Mountain, Q. (J. Bell.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Very common in Ontario and in ponds on the Great Plains by Peace
River to British Columbia. (Macoun.) Slave Lake and North to Lat.
67°. (Richardson.)
(39.) R. recurvatus, Poir. Hooked Buttercup.
Rich, damp woods. Labrador. (Pursh.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Shaded brook at Bass River, Kent Co., N.B. (2owler’s Cat.) Beaumont,
Saint Joachim, Pied du Cap Tourmonte, Q. (Brunet.) Montreal Moun-
tain and Eastern Townships, frequent. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) More abun-
dant westward throughout Ontario and disappearing at the Lake of the
Woods. (Macoun.)
(40.) R. pygmezeus, Wahl. Diminutive Crowfoot.
R. Sabinii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 17.
Labrador. (Pursh.) Moist, grassy places on the higher parts of the
Rocky Mountains, in Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Melville Island and
shore of the Arctic Sea from Long. 170° to the mouth of the Copper-
mine River. (Richardson.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass,
Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains near the 49th parallel, 6,000
feet altitude. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) West
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(41.) R. Lapponicus, Linn. Lapland Crowfoot.
Mossy woods in the eastern and central districts and from Lat 50° to
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Mountain swamps, eastern declivity of
the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.) Mossy swamps
along the base of the Porcupine Mountains, Man., swamp near St. Albert
at Edmonton, N. W. T., swamps along Little Slave Lake, N. W. T., and
in numerous swamps in northern British Columbia. (Jacoun.) Whale
Islands in the Arctic Sea. (oss.) Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) In the spring of 1881 the Rev. J. K.
Macmorine pointed out to me a few specimens growing ina little
swamp within the limits of the town of Prince Arthur’s Landing,
Thunder Bay ; this seems to be its most southern limit.
20 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(42.) R. hyperboreus, Rottb. Northern Crowfoot.
Marshes in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.) Arctic
Islands. (Parry.) Norton Sound to Wainright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.)
Melville Island. (Dr. Walker.) On both sides of Davis Strait and
Baffin’s Bay. Greenland generally. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(43.) R. Hookeri, Regel. Hooker's Crowfoot.
R. pedatifidus, Hook. Fl. I., 18.
Barren summits of the Rocky Mountains, on the eastern side of the
ridge. Lat. 52°--55.° (Drummond.)
(44.) R. nivalis, Linn. Mountain Crowfoot.
R. frigidus, Willd. Hook. Fl. L, 18.
Lofty parts of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 55° (Drummond.) Cop-
per Mountains and Arctic Sea coast, in muddy pools which become dry
during summer, Long. 110°. (Richardson.) Arctic coast near the
termination of the Rocky Mountains, Long. 140°. (Franklin.) La-
brador. (Torr. & Gray.) Assistance Bay, south end of Cornwallis
Island. (Dr. Sutherland.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. Eschscholtzii, Watson.
R. Eschscholtzii, Schlecht. Hook. FI. I., 18.
Near the region of perpetual snow, on the borders of streams on the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn,
Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°. (dfacoun.) Rocky Mountains near the
49th parallel; and the Tsi Tsutl Mountains and Coast Range, B. C.
(Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. sulphureus, Wahl.
R. sulphureus, Solander. Hook. Fl. L, 17.
Repulse Bay. (Dr. Rae.) Arctic Islands and Greenland. (Hooker.)
(44 b.) R. glacialis, Linn.
R. Chamissonis, Schlecht.
Fury Beach, Elwyn Inlét, Gulf of Boothia. (Capt. A. H. Markham.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(45.) R. acris, Linn. Meadow Buttercup.
Introduced, Very abundant in every part of Ontario and Quebec,
and particularly so about the Sault Ste. Maric and Garden Rivers. Quite
common in Nova Scotia, and also becoming common in the eastern
part of Manitoba, (Macoun.) Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Too abun-
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 21
dant in damp fields, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) South Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) It is a pernicious weed in all damp meadows
and pastures in the eastern provinces and the western part of ‘Ontario.
(46.) R. bulbosus, Linn. Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot.
Introduced. Pastures near Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) Roadsides near
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(47.) R. Pennsylvanicus, Linn. Bristly Buttercup.
Moist meadows and borders of streams. Pictou, N.8. (McKay.)
Wet places, rather rare, in New Brunswick. (Fowler’s Cat.) Gaspé,
Riviere du Loup, District of Montreal, and River Rouge, Q.; vicinity
of Ottawa, Prescott, various places throughout central Ontario, Chip-
pewa, St. Catherines, Toronto, London, Ont.; westward in the wooded
country to the Rocky Mountains and through British Columbia to the
Pacific. “(Macoun.) North to beyond the Arctic circle. (Hooker.)
(48.) R. repens, Linn. Creeping Crowfoot.
’ ping
R. tomentosus, Poir. Torr. & Gray FI. I., 23.
Introduced. I prefer, as there is much confusion regarding this
species, to place all references to the introduced form under this name,
and the native forms as varieties. Quite common in the vicinity of
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Mr. Ami, of the Geological Survey,
collected a small specimen of the true #. repens in the vicinity of
Quebec, and I detected a few in a field at Little Métis, Q., 1882.
(Macoun.)
Var. hispidus, Torr. & Gray.
R. hispidus, Michx. Hook. Fl. L., 19.
R. Marilandicus, Poir. Pursh. 394.
R. Schlechtendahiii, Hook. FI. I,, 21.
R. repens, var. Marilandicus, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 31.
Overflowed intervales along streams and in damp shady places.
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Abundant in damp shady places. (Fowler's
Cat.) Magdalen River, Gaspé,Q. (Macoun.) Riviére du Loup, Q., not
uncommon. (Thomas.) Common near Quebec. (Brunet.) Vicinity of
Montreal and Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Common at London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Common at Hamilton, Ont. (ZLogie.) Galt, Ont. (Buchan.)
Chippewa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Cold Creek, Ont.; common
from Manitoba westward, (an upright form). (Macoun.) Banks of
rivers from the Eastern Provinces to near the mouth of the Mackenzie
River, Lat. 67°, and from the shores of Hudson’s Bay to the Pacific.
22 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Hooker.) Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°,
in rich soils; plentiful. (Drummond.)
Var. nitidus, Chapman, F'. 8. States, 8.
(?) R. septentrionalis, Poir. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 25.
R. nitidus, Muhl. Hook. FI. I., 20.
Canada. (Mrs. Percival.) A form which is probably referable to this
variety has been found at London, Ont., (Burgess.) and in the vicinity
of Ottawa, (Fletcher.)
Further information regarding the above forms is much needed.
(49.) R. Nelsoni, Gray. Nelson’s Crowfoot.
R. recurvatus, var. Nelsoni, DC. Hook. FI. I., 20. 7
R, occidentalis, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 22; in part.
This species seems confined to the West Coast, as the only points
where detected are Vancouver Island near Victoria. (JMacoun.) and
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Unalaschka. (Hooker.) Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. tenellus, Gray.
R. tenellus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 23.
Vancouver Island; near Yale, and along the waggon road from
Clinton to Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun:)
(50.) R. Californicus, Benth.
R. acris var. 8., Torr & Gray, FI. I., 21.
R. acris, Linn. Macoun, Report Geol. Survey, 1875.
Abundant in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and doubt-
less quite common. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
(51) R. occidentalis, Nutt. Western Crowfoot.
R. hispidus, Hook. Fl. I, 19; in part.
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Torr. & Gray.)
Doubtful Species.
(52.) R. orthorhynchus, Hook.
Will likely be found in Southern British Columbia, or along the
coast.
(53.) R. Pallasii, Schlecht.
On the Western shores of extreme Arctic America beyond Behring’s
Straits. (Hooker.) Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 23
6. CALTHA, Linn. (MARSH MARIGOLD.)
(54.) C. palustris, Linn. Spring Cowslip.
C. arctica, R. Br. Hook. FI. I., 22.
In swamps and marshy meadows. Straits of Belle Isle. (J Richard-
son.) Minganand Anticosti. (Verrill.) NovaScotia. (Ball.) Common
in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Throughout Quebec. (Brunet.)
Abundant in all parts of Ontario, and extending across through the
forest country to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Coast of the Arctic
Sea, and Melville Island. (Hooker.) Richard’s Island, at the mouth
of the Mackenzie River. (Pullen.)
Var. Sibirica, Regel.
C. integerrima, Pursh. 390.
C. asarifolia, DC. Wook. Fl. I., 22.
C. palustris, var. parnassifolia, Torr. & Gray Fl. I.,26. Also vars. flabelli-
folia and integerrima, Torr. & Gray, F1.I., 26.
Unalaschka and Aleutian Isles. (Hooker.) Alaska (Rothr. Alask.)
May probably be found in Northern British Columbia.
Var. minima, Regel.
C. biflora, DC. Hook., Fl. I., 22.
Banks’ Isles, on the northwest coast. (Menzies.) Tsi Tsutl Mountains,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(55.) C. leptosepala,. DC.
Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Alpine swamps in the Rocky
Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Cariboo Mountains, and
Coast Range, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(56.) C. natans, Pall. Floating Marsh-marigold.
Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous bogs, in the central dis-
tricts from the Eastern Provinces (?) to Lat. 60°, rare. (Hooker.)
Flowing stream twenty miles west of Edmonton, on the Lac La Nun
road, N.W.T., 1872; Peace River tributaries, near Fort St. John; Methy
River, near Methy Portage, Lat. 57°, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
7. COPTIS, Salisb. (GOLD THREAD.)
(57.) C. trifolia, Salisb. Three-leaved Gold-thread.
Low damp woods and cedar swamps. Abundant from Newfoundland
and Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains. Flowering according to ,
24 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
situation, from early in May in the more southern regions to September
in the mountains. Labrador and north to Lat. 58°. (Hooker.) Sitka
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(58.) C. asplenifolia, Salish. Spleen-wort-leaved Gold-thread.
Rich woods northwest coast. (Menzies.) Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Rich woods New Westminster, B.C. (Macoun). Sitka.
(Rothr, Alask.)
8. AQUILECIA, Tourn. (COLUMBINE.)
(59.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Wild Columbine.
Rocky hill sides and open woods. Northwest Arm Halifax, N. 8.
(Lawson.) Falls of Montmorenci, Point Levis, Isle of Orleans, Q.
(Brunet.) («niess rocks, Sixteen-Mile Lake, River Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.)
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common throughout Ontario
and up the Kaministiqua River. (dacoun). Near Emerson, Man.
(Dawson.) Lake Winnipeg. (Back.) Saskatchewan Plains. (Bour-
geau.)
(60.) A. formosa, Fisch. Western Columbine.
A. Canadensis, Hook. FI. I., 26; in part.
A. Canadensis var. formosa, Watson. Macoun’s Cat., No. 60.
Rich grounds and rocky slopes. A most beautiful species. Van-
couver Island; Queen Charlotte Islands; mainland of British Columbia
from the valley of the Fraser to Lat. 56°, western slopes of Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun and Dawson.) Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
(61.) A. brevistyla, Hook. Short-styled Columbine.
A. vulgaris, (?) Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 18.
Western parts of Canada. (Drummond.) As far north as Bear Lake.
(Richardson.) Clear Water River, below Methy Portage, N.W.T.; “Lake
Nipigon, chiefly near Lake Superior.” (Governor McTavish.) Rocky
Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Telegraph Trail, B.C.; Peace River, at the
Rocky Mountain Portage, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.)
(62.) A. vulgaris, Linn. Common Columbine.
Introduced.—A bundant in the grounds at the Princes Lodge, Halifax
Co., and in spots along the Railway Line, and Windsor Road, N.S.
(Lawson.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Escaped from gardens near
St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Roadsides, Bolton, Q. Near Charles-
burg, Q. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 25
(63.) A. flavescens, Watson. Yellow-flowered Columbine.
Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass, in
thickets and at the base of the cliffs of the eastern range. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Later investigations seem to prove
that this plant is a form of A. cerulea, a species not uncommon more
to the south in the Rocky Mountains.
9. TROLLIUS, Linn. (GLOBE FLOWER.)
(64) T. laxus, Salisb. Spreading Globe-flower.
T. Americanus, Muhl. Hook. FI. I., 23.
T. patula, Salisb. Macoun’s Cat., No. 57.
Alpine rivulets on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains
Lat. 52°-55°.. (Drummond.) Top of the Rocky Mountains, Kootanie
Pass ; Coldwater River, Cascade Mountains, B. C. (Dawson.) Moun-
tains of Cariboo. (Macoun.)
{O. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. (LARKSPUR.)
(65.) D. Consolida, Linn. Field Larkspur.
Escaped from gardens. Banks of the St. Lawrence, west of Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.) Gardens, waste places, and wheat fields near Belle-
ville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(66.) D. scopulorum, Gray. Rocky Mountain Larkspur.
D. exaltatum, Hook. Fi. L., 25.
D. elatum, L. var. occidentale, Watson. Macoun’s Cat. No. 65.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Abundant near
Morley, Bow River; on the Saskatchewan, as far east as Carleton, and
northward to the Peace River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan and
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Iroquois Creek, near Fort McLeod,
B.C. (Dawson.) Youcon River, Alaska; Clear Water Lake, N. W. T.
(Governor McTavish.)
(67.) D. Menziesii, DC. Menzies’ Larkspur.
D. pauciflorum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl., I. 33.
Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Abundant on Cedar Hill
and many other localities near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
and Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)
26 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(68.) D. variegatum, Torr. & Gray.
D. decorum, Fisch. & Mey. Macoun’s Cat., No. 67.
Under cliffs near the waggon road, Yale, B.C. (Macoun.) This
species has also been found in the same vicinity by Mr. A. J. Hill of
the C. P. R. staff.
(69.) D. azureum, Michx. Prairie Larkspur.
D. virescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. L, 32.
South of Lake Winnipeg. (Dr. Houghton.) Plains near Wood Moun-
tain, N.W.T. (Dawson.) Dry slopes Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
West of Rocky Mountains between Fort Youcon and Lapierre’s
House, Alaska ; also Fort Youcon. (Gov. McTavish, vide Lawson.)
11. ACONITUM, Tourn. (MONKSHOOD.)
(70.) A. Fischeri, Reich. Western Aconite.
A, nasutum, Hook. FI. I., 26.
A. Columbianum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray., FI. I., 34
A, nasutum, Fisch. Macoun’s Cat, No. 71.
Will likely be found on the west coast. (Macoun.)
(71.) A. Napellus, L. var. delphinifolium, Seringe. Mountain
Monkshood.
A. delphinifolium, DC. Lawson Ranunc, Can. 49.
A. Napellus, Linn, Macoun’s Cat., No. 70.
Sledge Island on the west coast of America. (Menzies.) Moist
mountain prairies, in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drum-
mond.) Youcon River, near the Arctic circle, also between Fort
Youcon and Lapierre’s House, west side of Rocky Mountains.
(Hardesty & McTuvish.) Misinchinca River near Pine River Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Woods between McLeod’s Lake and
Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Between Point Barrow and Mackenzie
River. (Rothr. Alask.)
12. TRAUTVETTERIA, Fisch. (FALSE BUG BANE.)
(72.) T. palmata, var. occidentalis, Gray.
T. grandis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 37.
T. occidentale, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., Nos. 22 and 23.
Acta palmata. Hook. FI. L., 26.
Northwest coast. (Menzies.) Rich woods on the Lower Fraser,
British Columbia, a single specimen obtained in 1872. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. Part
13. ACTAEA, Linn. (BANEBERRY.)
(73.) A. alba, Bigelow. White Cohosh.
A. spicata, var. alba, Linn. Michx. Fl. I., 308.
A. Americana, var.u. Pursh, 306.
Rich woods and low flats along streams. Nova Scotia. (Dr. How.)
Anticosti. (Verrill.) New Brunswick. (fowler’s Cat.) Throughout
Quebec and Ontario, and through the wooded country to the Coast
Range in British Columbia.
(7 4.) A. spicata, Linn. var. rubra, Ait. Red Cohosh.
A, rubra, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 28.
A. brachypetala, var. 8. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 12.
A. Americana, 8. Pursh. 366.
Common in rich woods from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the
Rocky Mountains and north to Lat. 60°. It is exclusively a forest
plant. Near Emerson, Manitoba. (Burgess.)
Var. arguta, Torrey.
A. arguia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 36. Macoun’s Cat., No. 73.
This is the British Columbian form, and extends in rich woods from
Washington Territory to Alaska. It is much taller and stouter than
the eastern form.
14. CIMICIFUCGA, Linn. (SNAKEROOT.)
(75.) ©. racemosa, Nutt. Black Snakeroot.
Actza racemosa, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 27.
Rich woods, Cayuga, Grand River, Ont. (Maclagan.) Norfolk Co.,
Ont. (Dr. Michol.) Apparently rare in the southwestern part of
Ontario. ‘
Doubtful Species.
(75 b.) ©. elata, Nutt.
Actxa cimicifuga. Hook. Fl. I, 26.
This species is mentioned in Hooker, on the authority of Pursh.
We know nothing of it.
15. HYDRASTIS, Linn. (YELLOW ROOT.)
(76.) H. Canadensis, Linn. Yellow Puccoon.
Rich, shady woods. Mirvin’s Woods, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)
28 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Malden, Ont. ° (Maclagan.) Township of Williams, Ont. (Saunders.)
County of Norfolk, Ont. (Dr. Nichol.) It seems wholly confined to the
western peninsula of Ontario.
16. PEONIA, Linn. (PEONY.)
(77.) P. Brownii, Dougl. Western Peony.
P. Californica, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 41.
Near the confines of perpetual snow, on the sub-alpine range of
Mount Hood, Northwest Coast, 1826. (Douglas.) Vancouver Island.
(Bot. of California, I., 13.)
Il MAGNOLIACEA. Maanoria Famizy.
17. LIRIODENDRON, Linn. (TULIP TREE.)
(78.) L. Tulipifera, Linn. White-wood.
In rich soil throughout the western peninsula of Ontario, from
Hamilton (Logie) to the Township of Tuckersmith, Huron Co.
(Gibson.) A noble tree in the thick forest west of St. Thomas, and a
beautiful object when covered with its large, tulip-shaped flowers after
the middle of June. Cultivated in Prince Edward Co. Flowers
freely.
18. MACNOLIA, Linn. (MAGNOLIA.)
.
(79.) M. acuminata, Linn. Cucumber tree.
At the Falls of Niagara. (Provancher.) This tree is also introduced
in Prince Edward County, Ont., and flowers regularly.
III. ANONACEA. Custarp Appts Famity.
19. ASIMINA, Adans. (AMERICAN PAPAW.)
(80.) A. triloba, Dunal. Common Papaw.
Porcelia triloba, Persoon. Pursh, 383.
Uvaria triloba, Torr. & Gray, FI. L, 45.
Rich low woods near the railway below Queenston Heights. -Very
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 29
abundant on Point Pelee and in the townships bordering Lake Erie,
between that point and Amherstburgh. Doubtless not rare along Lake
Erie, but not reported. (Macoun.)
IV. MENISPERMACEA. Moonsgep Famity.
20. MENISPERMUM, Linn. (MOONSEED.)
(81.) M. Canadense, Linn. Canada Moonseed.
Low, rich woods along streams. Ile Jésus, Montreal. (Brunet.)
Ottawa Co.,Q. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Abundant in Ontario. (Macoun.)
Near Emerson, Man. (Dawson.) Lake Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)
V. BERBERIDACEA. Barperry Famiuy.
21. BERBERIS, Linn. (BARBERRY.)
(82.) B. vulgaris, Linn. Common Barberry.
Escaped from gardens. New Brunswick. (owler’s Cat.) Newfound-
land. (Morrison.) Point Levis, near Quebec. (Brunet.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Borders of the Oak Hill Pond, Hastings
County, Ont. (Macoun.)
(83.) B. repens, Lind]. Rocky Mountain Grape.
B. Aquifolium and B. nervosa, Pursh, 219.
B. Aquifolium, Pursh. Dawson Bound. Rep., 352.
This is the Rocky Mountain species, and has been found at the east
side of the Rocky Mountains, in the Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
Abundant on the mainland of British Columbia, and extending north
to Stuart’s Lake, Juat. 55°. (Macoun.)
(84.) B. Aquifolium, Pursh. 4. Oregon Grape.
B. pinnata, Ker. Hook. Fl. I., 28.
B. Aquifolium, vars. B. & y., Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, 50.
Near to the west coast Lat. 40°-49°. (Menzies.) Nootka. (Nelson.)
Abundant in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island and up the
Fraser as far as Yale. (Macoun.)
(85.) B. nervosa, Pursh.
Common in shady pine forests on the coast of the Pacitic, having the
same range, from north to south as B. Aquifolium, but it is not found
30 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
east of the forests on the coast. (Douglas.) On Cedar Hill a few
miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875 ; also in thickets on the
foot hills at Yale. (dfacoun.)
22. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. (BLUE COHOSH.)
(86.) C. thalictroides, Michx. Papoose root.
Leontice thalictroides, L. Wook. FL. I., 29.
Gilmour’s Woods in the vicinity of Quebec. (Brunet.) Vicinity
of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Found at Nashwaaks, N.B., 1881.
(Moser.) Low, rich woods throughout Ontario as far west as Owen
Sound. (Macoun.)
23. JEFFERSONIA, Barton. (TWIN LEAF.)
(87.) J. diphylla, Persoon. Rheumatism Root.
J. Bartonis, Michx. Fl. I., 237.
Woods and fence corners in rich soil. Rare, Point Peter, and near
Consecon, Prince Edward Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Napanee,
Ont. (Rev. J. Scott.) Banks of the Thames and at Cove near London,
Ont. (Saunders.)
24. PODOPHYLLUM, Linn. (MANDRAKE.)
(88.) P. peltatum, Linn. May apple.
Abundant in rich soil in open woods throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
Montreal Mountain. (Brunet.)
25. ACHLYS, Hook. (MAY APPLE.)
(89.) A. triphylla, DC. Western May-apple.
Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Quite common in rich soil
near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. (dfacoun.)
26. VANCOUVERIA, Morr. & Decais. (BARREN-WORT)
(90.) VW. hexandra, Morr. & Decais. Barren- wort.
Epimedium hexandrum, Hook. F1. I., 30.
Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Vancouver Island. (Bot.
of California, I., 15.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 31
VI. NYMPH MACEA. Warer-uity Fairy.
27. BRASENIA, Schreber. (WATER-SHIELD.)
(91.) B. peltata, Pursh.
Hydropeltis purpurea, Michx. Hook. FI. I., 31.
Rocky Lake, N.S. (Zawson.) Grand Lake, St. Stephen, Frederic-
ton, N. B. (Vroom, Hay.) Point St. Charles, Montreal. (Brunet.)
Abundant in lakes and ponds, River Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.) Abundant
in lakes and slow streams throughout the northern counties of Ontario ;
Rainy Lake, andLake of the Woods.
28. NELUMBIUM, Juss. (NELUMBO.)
92.) N. luteum, Willd. Water Chinquepin.
Cyamus pentapetalus, Pursh., 378.
Reported from Canadian waters in the Detroit River and near the
mouth of the Welland Canal. Should be looked for by collectors.
29. NYMPHAEA, Tourn. (WATER-NYMPH.)
(93.) N. tuberosa, Paine. Tuber-bearing Water-lily.
Found in all the marshes along the Bay of Quinte, and abundant in
muddy or marshy flats along Lake Ontario, from Presquw’ Ile eastward.
Without doubt this is the Water Lily of Burlington Bay, and of the
marshes along Lakes Erie and Huron. It has been reported from
London, Ont. (Burgess), and Ottawa. (Fletcher.) It is easily distin-
guished from WV. odorata by its scentlesss flowers and tuber-bearing
rhizomes. This is really the Water-lily of the Great Lakes as the true
NV. odorata seems to be confined to the northern waters, both lakes and
rivers.
(94.) N. odorata, Ait. Sweet-scented Water-lily.
M. alba, Walt. Michs. Fl. L, 311.
Vicinity of Halifax and Pictou, Nova Scotia. (Lawson & McKay.)
Ponds and lakes, St. John’s County; Grand Lake, Queen’s County, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and Ontario and extend-
ing westward to the Lake of the Woods.
32 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. minor, Sims. Lesser Water-lily.
N. odorata, var. rosea. Pursh, 369.
N. minor, DC. Hook. FI. I, 32.
In a small lake southeast of Marmora Village, Hastings, Co., Ont. ;
South Lake, Township of Snowdon, Peterboro’ Co., Ont. Rare. Easily
known by its very small flowers and leaves.
30. NUPHAR, Smith. (YELLOW POND-LILY.)
(95.) N. advena, Ait. Common Yellow Water-lily.
Nymphea advena, Michx. FI. I., 311.
Nuphar Americana, Provancher, Fl. Can., 28:
Very abundant in ponds, ditches and rivers from Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario and westward by the
forest country to the Rocky Mountains, also on the Athabasca River
north of Lat. 57°. Caribou, Labrador. (Butler.) West Coast of New-
foundland. (J. Bell.)
(96.) N. polysepalum, Engelm. Western Pond-lily.
Swamp Creek, on the height of land between the Fraser and
McLeod’s River, northern British Columbia, 1875. (Macoun.) Lakes
near Ilgatcho Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
(27. N. luteum, Smith. Yellow Pond-lily.
Found during the first journey of Sir John Franklin, in the
wooded country Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) In the summer of
1881, Dr. Robert Bell gathered a few specimens which I refer to this
species in Lake Wabatongwashene, north of Lake Superior. Brome
Lake, Eastern Townships, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sitka. (othr.
Alaska.)
Var. (?) Fletcher’s Fl. Ott.
This form, found in the Ottawa River, near Ottawa city, Mr. Fletcher,
after a careful examination of his specimens, and particularly the fruit,
came to the conclusion was “merely a hybrid between WV. advena and
NV. Kalmiana.” To decide the question he sent both living and dried
specimens to Professor R. Casparry, Director of the Botanic Gardens,
Konigsberg, the highest authority on Nuphar, whose answer was as
follows: “Ihave not the slightest doubt but that your Nuphar is N.
advena+ Kalmiana. It is intermediate between the two, and what is
decisive is this—its pollen is very bad; no less than 95 per cent. of the
grains in the specimens sent had no fovilla. MV. advena and Kalmiana
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 33
both have very good pollen.” From the above Mr. Fletcher is inclined
to believe that all our notices of W. luteum refer to similar hybrids
between, these species, and I see no reason to doubt his conclusions ;
but it is of the utmost importance that all forms of Nuphar should be
carefully collected.
(98.) N. pumilum, Smith. Small Yellow Water-lily.
Nymphea lutea, var. Kalmiana. Michx. Fl. I., 311.
Nuphar Kalmiana. Ait. Pursh, 369.
Nuphar lutea var. Kalmiana. Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 58.
Nuphar luteum, var. pumilum. Gray’s Manual, 57. Macoun’s Cat.
No. 96.
Newfoundland. (Morrison.) In water, Woodstock, N.B. (fowler’s
Cat.) In the Matapedia River, below Amqui Station, Q. (Macoun.)
Saguenay River and Lake St. John, Q. (Brunet.) Lakes and
ponds, Riviére du Loup, Q. (Yhomas.) Nation River railway crossing,
Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) North shore
of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Black Creek, Hastings Co., Ont. ; North
River, Crow and Belmont Lakes, Peterboro’ Co., Ont.; east shore of
Rainy Lake. Rather rare. (Macoun.) River Saskatchewan. (Bour-
gedu.)
rr
VII. SARRACENIACEA. PircHEr-PLANts.
31. SARRACENIA, Tourn. (SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER.)
(99.) S. purpurea, Linn. Pitcher-plant.
Very common in peat bogs and tamarac swamps from Labrador,
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains. North to
Bear Lake. (Richardson.)
Var. heterophylla, Torrey.
S. heterophylla. Eaton, Manual, 4 ed., 447.
In a peat bog near Ottawa. (Fletcher.) This varicty seems to be
scarcely constant.
VIII. PAPAVERACE®. Poppy Famity.
32. PAPAVER, Linn. (POPPY.)
(100.) P. somniferum, Linn. Common Poppy.
Introduced in gardens. Spontaneous in gardens in New Brunswick.
3
34 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Fowler's Cat.) Around dwellings, in some places escaped, Nova
Scotia. (Lawson.) In waste places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Toronto. (Dr. Croft.) Near Goderich, Ont. (Gibson.) Frequent in
old gardens in Prince Edward, Hastings and Northumberland counties,
Ont.
(101). P. Rhzeas, Linn.
Corn field in vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher Fil. Ott.) Escaped from
cultivation.
(102.) P. nudicaule, Linn. Arctic Poppy.
P. alpinum, Linn. Hook. Arct. Pl., 225.
Barren grounds from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, in Lat. 69°. (Rich-
ardson.) Everywhere upon the shore of the Arctic Sea throughout the
whole breadth of the continent, and in the islands. (Parry, Franklin.)
Labrador. (Morrison.) Upon the Rocky Mountains, at a great eleva-
tion, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) 8. Kootanie Pass, near the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
33. PLATYSTICMA, Benth.
(103.) P. Oreganum, Benth.
Meconella Oregana. Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 64. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 112.
Common on the grassy slopes of Cedar Hill and other similar locali-
ies near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875.
34. SANCUINARIA, Linn. (BLOOD-ROOT.)
(104.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Blood-root.
Pictou and Truro, Nova Scotia. (Zawson.) York County, Keswick
Ridge, N.B. Said to be common at intervales above Fredericton, N.B. ;
also on the Matapedia, Q. (Fowler's Cat.) Common from Riviére du
Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Westward throughout the western part of
Quebec and Ontario. Found at one locality in Pembina Mountain,
Man. (Dawson.)
35. CHELIDONIUM, Linn. (CELANDINE.)
(105.) C. majus, Linn. Celandine.
Introduced. A garden weed at Fredericton, N. B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 35
St. Foy’s Road, Q., Three Rivers, Q. (Brunet.) Desett’s Woods, near
Prescott, Ont. (Bullings.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Montreal Mountain. (Waclagan.) Mountain side near Hamilton, Ont.,
(Buchan.) Not uncommon at London, Ont. (Saunders.) Dundas,
Ont. (Dr. Ellis.) Roadsides Brighton, Picton, Belleville, Kingston,
and avound the Carrying Place, Bay of Quinte, Ont.
IX. FUMARIACKE.E. - Fumrrory Famity.
36. ADLUMIA, Raf. (CLIMBING FUMITORY.)
(106.) A. cirrhosa, Raf. Cypress Vine.
Corydalis fungosa. Pursh, 463.
Fumaria recta. Michx. Fl. IL, 51.
A sport in gardens at St. Stephen, N. B. Introduced? ( Vroom.)
Riviére du Loup, rare. (Thomas.) Temiscouata Portage, Q. (.Maclagan.)
Vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (Brunet.) Vicinity of Ottawa, very abun-
dant in rocky woods. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Hamilton, Ont. rare.
(Logie.) Gore Bay, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Climbing high over
bushes and small trees in burnt woods along the River Trent, Seymour
West, Ont. ; abundant in woods east of Belleville, Ont.; also at Owen
Sound, in burnt woods. Very often cultivated for ornament, and hence
often considered an introduced flower.
37. DICENTRA, Bork. (DUTCHMAN’S BREECHES.)
(107.) D. cucullaria, DC. Dutchman’s Breeches.:
Fumaria Cucullaria, Michx. Fl. IL, 51.
Corydalis Cucullaria, Pursh, 462.
Pictou, N. 8S. (McKay.) Appearing in the early spring in rich
woods, New Brunswick. Rather rare. (Fowler’s Cat.) From the Bay
of Chaleur throughout Quebec and Ontario to Georgian Bay in rich
woods.
(108.) D. Canadensis, DC. Squirrel Corn.
Corydalis formosa, Pursh, 462, in part.
Corydalis Canadensis, Goldie. Edinb. Phil. Journ. VI, 330.
Dicentra eximia, var. B., Hook. Fi. I., 35. Macoun’s Cat., No. 105.
Truro, N.S. (Lawson.) St. Anselm and St. Therese, Q. (Prunet.)
Mirivin’s Woods and other localities, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Mountain side west of
36 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Vicinity of Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) Navy
Island, Niagara River. (Maclagan.) Frequent in rich, rocky woods,
Belleville, Picton, Brighton, Owen Sound and London, Ont.
(109.) D. formosa, DC.
D. eaimia, Hook. FI. I., 35.
D. saccata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 67.
Nootka Sound. (Menzies.) In rich woods a little above New West-
minster, B.C. Dicentra eximia was cited in Hookér’s Flora Boreali
Americana as growing at Montreal, but he referred to D. Canadensis,
and Brunet’s plant is very likely the same. :
38. CORYDALIS, Vent. (CORYDALIS.)
(110.) ©. glauca, Pursh. Pale Corydalis.
Fumaria sempervirens, Michx. FI. II., 51.
Corydalis sempervirens. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 16.
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Northwest Arm, Halifax, and Pictou, N.S.
(Lawson.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario and extending
to the Rocky Mountains, especially in rocky districts. Only detected
once in British Columbia, at Yale, 1875. (Macoun.) North to Lat. 64°.
(Richardson.) Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. (Pullen.)
(111.) C. aurea, Willd. Golden Corydalis.
Rocky woods along the Restigouche River, Q. (Brunet.) Saguenay
River and North to Lake St. John, Q. (Provancher.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Maitland Valley, Huron Co., Ont.
(Gibson.) Cockburn Island, Macleod’s Harbor, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.)
North Shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) North to Lat. 64°.
(Richardson.) Quite common in woods after the fire runs through
them and on gravelly banks of rivers. Rocky banks and sandy fields,
Seymour, Ont.; banks of the Trent and Moira Rivers, Ont.; Michipi-
cotin Island and Dawson Route, Lake Superior; Manitoba Lake, Man. ;
Fort Edmonton, N.W.T.; and across the wooded country to Dunvegan,
on Peace River. (Macoun.)
Var. occidentalis, Gray.
This variety occurs on the plains a little east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, from the Hand Hills southward to the forty-ninth parallel. In
British Columbia it is found on Vancouver Island and in numerous
places up the Fraser to Stuart Lake.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 37
(112.) C. flavula, DC. Yellow Corydalis.
Very abundant around the stone quarry on the north end of Pelee
Island ; also on Point Pelee, shore of Lake Erie. Apparently confined
to the southwest of Ontario.
Doubtful Species.
(112 b.) ©. Scouleri, Hook., has been collected in Washington
Territory, and may occur in Southern British Columbia.
(112 ¢.) ©. pauciflora, Persoon, occurs in Alaska at Norton
Sound, and may possibly be found in the northern part of British
Columbia.
39. FUMARIA, Linn. (FUMITORY.)
(113.) F. officinalis, Linn. Common Fumitory.
Introduced from Europe. Escaped from ballast in a few places.
Buctouche, St. Johns, &c., N. B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Quebec. (Brunet.)
Burlington Beach, Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Grounds of Queen’s
College, Kingston, and as a weed in gardens, Prince Edward Co., Ont.
(Macoun.)
X. CRUCIFERA. Mustarp Faminy.
40. NASTURTIUM, R. Br. (WATER-CRESS.)
(114.) N. officinale, R. Br. Water-cress.
Sisymbrium Nasturtium. Pursh, 440.
Windsor, Newport and Truro, N.S. (How.) In the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Ina creek half a mile west of London,
Ont. (Saunders.) Found at Galt, Ont. (Logie.) Rivulets and in springs,
Castleton, Ont. Small brooks on Rice Lake Plains, Ont. Very abun-
dant at Campbellford and in nearly all the small brooks in the Town-
ships of Seymour, Brighton, Percy and Murray, Northumberland
County, Ont. Also abundant at Niagara, above the Falls. Ditches at
Picton and Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)
(115.) N. palustre, DC. Marsh-cress.
Sisymbrium palustre, Linn. Pursh, 440.
Camelina Barbareefolia, DC. Hook. Fl. L., 65.
In water and wet places. Common along the St. John River and
its tributaries. (Jowler’s Cat.) Borders of rivulets near Lotbiniére, Q,
38 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Brunet.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common in
moist places at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Riviére du Loup, Q.; not common. (Thomas.)
Kingston, St. Catharines, Cayuga and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
The Dawson Route, and the second crossing of the Souris, Man.
(Burgess) Goulais Point, on Lake Superior ; north end of Lake Winni-
peg; Nelson River to York Factory and Echimamish River to Oxford
House. (R. Bell.) Winnipeg and Northwest Angle Lake of the
Woods. (Davwson.) Very common along the borders of streams through-
out the prairie region, as well as the margins of ponds. (Macoun.)
Eschscholtz Bay, Ounalashka; and Youcon River. (Roth. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. hispidum, Fisch & Mey.
Nasturtium hispidum, DC. Torr. & Gray. Fl 1, 74. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 117.
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In the neighborhood of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Low, wet ground about New Westminster,
B.C. (Macoun.)
(116.) N. amphibium, BR. Br.
Sisymbriwn amphibian, Linn. Pursh. 440.
In watery places, about Montreal and Lake Huron. (Hooker.)
Gregory's Creek, near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Beauharnois Co., Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) In ditches at Ottawa. In ditches along the
railway west of Shannonville, also west of Belleville, Ont.; ditches
at Fort William, Lake Superior, 1869. (Macoun.) Dartmouth River,
Gaspé, Q.; L’Orignal, Ont. (J. Beil.)
(117.) N. trachycarpum, Gray.
Very abundant on the Cypress Hills, N. W. T., in dried up pools ;
also in the bed of Maple and other Creeks north of the Cypress Hills,
1880. (Macoun.)
(118.) N. curvisiliqua, Nutt.
Sisymbriuu curvisiliqua, Hook. Fl. I., 61.
N. cernuum & polymorphum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. L, 74.
Common on the North-west Coast as far north as Lat, 48° in sandy
soils, near streams. (Douglas.) Along the Fraser a short distance
above New Westminster, B.C., 1875. (Macoun.) Near Yale. B.C.
( Hill.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 39
(119.) N.lacustre, Gray. River-cress.
N. natans, Hook. Fl. I., 39.
N. natans, var. Americanum, Gray. Torr. & Gray FI. L, 75.
(2) Cochlearia aquatica, Eaton, Manual, 181.
In water near Montreal. (Gioldie.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher,
Fil. Ott.) Near Prescott, Ont. (Provancher.) Grand River and Malden,
Ont. (Maclagan.) Ramsay, Ont. (J. Bell.) Very abundant in the still
waters of the Trent between Heely’s Fallsand Hastings village, and in
great profusion in the Trent at Meyersburg above the bridge over the
Percy Creek, Ont. ; also at Port Dover on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(120.) N. Armoracia, Fries. Horse Radish.
Armoracia rusticana, Rupp. Wood., Bot. & Fl., 41.
Introduced. Wastes near gardens, Quebec. (Brunet.) Not uncom-
mon near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Waste places where rubbish is
deposited in and around Belleville, Ont.; Canada Southern Railway near
Amherstburgh, Ont., and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
41. DENTARIA, Linn. (PEPPER-ROOT.)
(121.) D. diphylla, Michx. Krinkle Root.
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Kent Co., and near Fredericton, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Riviére du
Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Throughout Quebec and Ontario to Lake Superior.
(122.) D. laciniata, Muhl. Purple-flowered Tooth-wort.
Low grounds of the river St. Francis, Q., rare. (Brunet.) Beechwood,
near. Ottawa. (fletcher Fi. Ott.) Common in rich woods near
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Mountain west of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Pentanguishene, Ont. (Richardson.) Chippewa, Navy Island, and
Malden, Ont. Maclagan. Ameliasburgh, P. E. County, Ont., and
near Amherstburgh, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(123.) D. tenella, Pursh. 439.
D. tenuifolia, Hook. FI. L., 46.
Northward to Vancouver Island and Lower Fraser River, B. C.
(Lyall.) In low rich ground, vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)
< Doubtful Species.
C. heterophylla is reported from Hamilton by Mr. Buchan, Prin-
cipal of Trinity College, Toronto, and D. maxima, from Galt, by
40 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Judge Logie, but as both these species have been included in
D. laciniata, I consider the above references to apply to it, No. 128
of my Catalogue (1878) refers to the same polymorphous species.
42. CARDAMINE, Linn. (BITTER-CRESS.)
(124.) C. rhomboidea, DC. Spring-cress.
Arabis rhomboidea, Pers. Pursh., 437.
C. rotundifolia, var. a., Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 88.
Pictou and Truro, N. 8S. (MeKay & Lawson.) Wet meadow at
Stinson’s Saw Mill on the Moira near Belleville ; also in a wet boggy
wood at Amherstburgh, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Wet places, common
at London, Ont. (Burgess.) Galt, Ont. (Miss Crooks.) Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.)
(125.) C. rotundifolia, Michx. Mountain Water-cress.
C. rotundifolia var. y., Torr. & Gray, FI. L., 83.
In a piece of rich ground within the limits of Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) In a springy wood at Billings Bridge, near Ottawa.
( Fletcher.)
Var. purpurea, Torr.
C. rotundifolia, Michx. Hook. FI. I, 44.
C. rotundifolia var. 8. Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 83.
Beauharnois Co., Q.; vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Quite common in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.)
Wet, shady woods, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-57°, and thence to Hudson’s Bay in the same latitude. (Drummond.)
Nore.—Much confusion exists regarding the last three forms, and
botanists are earnestly requested to collect all varieties wherever
found. The roots are particularly desirable.
(126.) C. bellidifolia, Linn. Dwarf Water-cress.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drummond.) Through-
out Arctic America sparingly. (Hichardson.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Fl.)
(127.) C. purpurea, Cham. & Schlecht.
Possibly this species occurs in the northwestern part of British
Columbia, as it is not rare in Alaska.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 41
(128.) C. angulata, Hook. Fl. [, 44.
In rich soil around Victoria, Vancouver Island, and near New West-
minster, B.C. This is the C. paucisecta of my Catalogue, 1878.
(129.) ©. pratensis, Linn. Ladies’ Smock.
C. digitata (?) Richards. Frankl. Journ., 15.
Wet, swampy meadows, Labrador: (Brunet.) St. Patrick, Charlotte
Co., N. B. (Vroom.) Near Ottawa and Prescott Railway; vicinity of
Prescott Junction; also three miles south of Ottawa. (Billings.)
Wet meadows and swamps, Hastings County, Ont. (Macoun.) Near
Millgrove, Ont. (ZLogie.) Shore along Lake Burwell, Lambton Co, Ont.
(Gibson.) Whiskey Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Hudson’s Bay.
(Drummond.) Throughout Arctic America. (Richardson.) Fast coast
of Hudson’s Bay. (R. Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) The
Canadian form is usually more slender than the European, and always
white flowered.
(130.) C. hirsuta, Linn. Small Bitter-cress.
C. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. Pursh, 240.
Very abundant in rivulets and around springs, from Nova Scotia to
the shores of the Arctic Sea and west to the Pacific. Eastern forms are
readily distinguished from western ones, but are scarcely different
enough to found a variety upon. A peculiar form grows on the height
of land west of Lake Superior, which scems to connect the species with
the following variety :—
Var. sylvatica. Gray, Manual, 67.
C. Virginica, Michx. Pursh, 439.
C. hirsuta, var. Virginica, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 85.
C. sylvatica, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 126.
Dry rocks close to Shannonville station of the G. T. R., Ont., 1864.
(Macoun.) Rocks at the Montmorenci Falls, Quebec. (Brunet.)
Found at Galt, Ont. (Zogie.) Jones’ Falls, near Owen Sound. (Mace-
lagan.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
(131.) C. oligosperma, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I, 85.
In low, wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. Appar-
ently common. (Macoun.)
43. ARABIS, Linn. (ROCK-CRESS.)
(132.) A. lyrata, Linn. Lyre-leaved Rock-cress.
Sisymbrium arabidoides. ook. FI. I.,.63.
Common on the banks of rivers from the Eastern Provinces to Lat.
42 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
68°. (Richardson.) London and on the sands at Sarnia, Ont. (Burgess.)
At the Whirlpool, Niagara Falls. (Buchan.) Abundant on Point Pelee,
Lake Erie; from the Sault Ste. Marie to Pic River, Lake Superior;
Lake of the Woods. McLeod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
(133.) A. petrzea, Lam. Rock-cress,
Cockburn Island, Lake Huron; York Factory. (&. Bell.) Crevices
of rocks about five miles north of Michipicotin Harbor, Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Iltasyouco River, B.C: (Dawson.) Throughout Canada,
extending westward to the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 55°-56°, and to the
islands of the Polar Sea. (Hooker Fl. £.,42.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
(134.) A. petrzea, var. ambigua, Regel.
A, ambigua, DC. Hook. Fl. L, 42.
Sandy and grassy places on the shores of the island of Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) In grassy places by brook sides near Yale, B. C., May
16th, 1875. It is desirable to obtain this in fruit, as there is some
uncertainty about the position of the species.
(135.) A. hirsuta, Scop. Hairy Rock-cress.
Turritis ovata. Pursh, 438.
A. sagittata, DC. Buchan in Hamilton List. 12.
A. rupestris, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. L., 81.
Turritis paiula, Pl. Bourgeau, 263 in part.
A, Gerardi, var. borealis. Macoun’s Cat., 136.
Kel River, Restigouche; on rocks, Portland, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Collected in Madawaska, N.B. (Hay.) Common on river banks and
amongst rocks from Gaspé to the Pacific, and north to Lat. 68°. Sitka
and Ounalashka. (oth. Alask.)
(136.) A. Holbeellii, Hornem.
Turritis patula, Graham. Hook. Fl. I., 40.
(?) Turritis mollis. Hook. Fl. I., 40.
Streptanthus angustifolius et aegis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 76.
(2) Arabis sparsiflora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 81.
Very abundant in the sparsely wooded country from Manitoba west-
ward, and through the valleys of the Rocky Mountains to British
Columbia, being abundant both at Spence’s Bridge and in the neighbor-
hood of Victoria. A variety with very short stems and very hairy
root-leaves, occurs in the Bow River Pass, also on the highest summits
of the Rocky Mountains about Lat. 55°, according to Drummond. It
extends north to Lat. 68° and shores of the Arctic Sea, Long. 107°-109°,
(Hooker.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 43
(137.) A. retrofracta, Graham.
Turritis retrofracta. Hook. FI. L, 41.
Portage du Fort, Ottawa River. (Gibson.) Hudson's Bay to the
Rocky Mountains, and from the Eastern Provinces to Lat. 68° at the
Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Sereno Watson, in his Botanical
Index, unites this with the preceding, but I am led to agree with
Hooker and consider it distinct, on account of its refracted flowers and
pods and its different habitat.
(138.) A. Drummondii, Gray.
Turritis stricta, Grab. Hook. FI. I., 40.
Turritis glabra var. 3. Torr. & Gray FI. I., 78.
(?) Turritis spathulata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. L., 78.
Eel River, Restigouche, N.B. (Fuwler’s Cat.) Prairies of the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Abundant on the
rocky banks of streams throughout Quebec and Ontario, and west-
ward to the Pacific, both on the prairie and in the forest. A fine
species, and very distinct.
Var. brachycarpa, Gray.
Turritis brachycarpa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 79.
On the sandy spit at the mouth of the Magdalen River, Gaspé, 1882.
West of Touchwood Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(139.) A. Lyallii, Watson. Lyall’s Tower-mustard.
A. Drummondit, var. alpina, Watson.
(2) A. microphylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 32.
This species was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson in 1875, near the 49th
parailel, at an attitude of 7,000 feet, and in the summer of 1881 he
again found it near the same locality.
(140.) A. perfoliata, Lam. Smooth Tower-mustard.
Turritis glabra, Linn. Hook. FI. 1, 40.
Turritis macrocarpu, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 78.
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Ambherstburgh and islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.) Whiskey Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Counties of
Hastings and Northumberland, Ont.; abundant at Port Stanley,
Ont.; Owen Sound, Lake Huron; shore of Lake Superior and
fifteen miles up the Kaministiqua. (Jacoun.) Iudson’s Bay to the
Rocky Mountains and as far north as Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Occasion-
ally on‘the Great Plains ; at Fort Assiniboine, on the Athabasca, west
of Slave Lake ; northern British Columbia. (Macoun.)
44 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(141.) A. lzevigata, Poir.
Turritis levigata, Muhl. Pursh. 438.
A. heterophylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I.,81.
Rocky woods along streams. North shore of the St. Lawrence above
Quebec. (Barnston.) Vicinity of Ottawa, (Fletcher Fil. Ott.) Valley
of the Riviére aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.) London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) On rocks, Heely’s Falls, Seymour,
Co. Northumberland ; on Gibson’s Mountain, P. E. County ; Laurentian
rocks, Shannonville ; Royston Park, Owen Sound ; and Port Stanley,
Lake Erie, also Queenston Heights. (dMacoun.)
(142.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Sickle Pod.
A. falcata, Michx. Fl. I., 31. Pursh. 437.
Dry rocky ravines and hill sides. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Bosanquet Township, Lambton
Co., Ont. (Gibson.) Vicinity of London and Toronto. (Burgess.)
Laurentian rocks at Shannonville, Hastings Co.; hill sides in rear of
Picton, P. E. County ; woods near Fenelon Falls, Victoria Co.; abun-
dant in Talbot’s Woods, near Port Stanley, and in the woods from
Niagara Falls to Queenston, Ont. (Macoun.)
(143.) A. alpina, Linn. Mountain Cress.
In Labrador. (Colmaster.) Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler.)
Along the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence 13 miles below the mouth
of Ste. Anne des Monts River; up that stream about twenty miles from
its mouth, and very abundant in a small brook descending from the
northern face of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, 1882.
(Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)
(144.) A. stricta, Huds.
Labrador. (Colmaster vide Pursh.)
44. BARBAREA, R. Br. (WINTER-CRESS.)
(145.) B. vulgaris, R. Br. Yellow Rocket.
Four-mile House near Halifax, and Pictou, N.S. (Lawson &
McKay.) A weed at Richibucto, N. B. (fowler’s Cat.) Vicinity
of Quebec. (Brunet). Harbor Grace, Nfld.; sea shore, Murray Bay, Q. ;
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On rocks along the Lovers’
Walk, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
The above references may principally apply to an introduced form.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 45
Var. arcuata, Koch. Western Winter-cress.
Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 39.
B. precox. R. Br. Macoun’s Cat., No. 141.
Quite common in wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Vacoun.) Dean’s Inlet, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka and Norton Sound.
(Roth. Alask.)
Var. stricta, Regel. Common Winter-cress.
Barbarea precox, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 39.
Mississagui Island, south side of St. Joseph’s Island, Whiskey and
Cockburn Islands, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Queenston Heights; Owen
Sound Bay ; Chicken Bay, east shore of Lake Huron ; north shore of
Lake Superior from the Sault Ste. Marie to Thunder Bay; shore of
Red Deer Lake, Manitoba ; Edmonton on the Saskatchewan ; Peace
River valley. (Macoun.) Banks of rivers; abundant from the eastern
provinces to Lat. 68°. (Drummond.)
45. ERYSIMUM, Linn. (TREACLE-MUSTARD.)
(146.) E. cheiranthoides, Linn. Worm-seed Mustard.
Moist ground along streams, on dry ridges and prairies, in gardens
and cultivated fields from the vicinity of Ottawa to the Pacific.
(Macoun.) Throughout Canada, and in all the plains east of the Rocky
Mountains to Lat.67° on the Mackenzie. (Hooker.)
(147.) E. asperum, DC. Prairie Rocket.
A very prominent object on dry, gravelly soil throughout the prairie
region. It extends northward about sixty miles beyond Carleton, on
the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)
(148.) E. parviflorum, Nutt.
E. lanceolatum, Hook. FI. I., 64.
E. asperum var. inconspicuum, Wat. Macoun’s Cat., 143 var.
Not so abundant as the preceding, but has been collected at Fort
Ellice; west of Touchwood Hills; at Long Lake; Cypress Hills, near
Fort Walsh; Hand Hills; and at Morley, N. W.T.; alsoon the dry
hills between Spence’s Bridge and Cache Creek, B. C. (Macoun &
Hill.) On the Belly and Milk Rivers, N. W. T.; Nicoamen, B. C.
(Dawson.)
(149.) E. orientale, R. Br.
Introduced with ballast. Ballast heaps, Richibucto. Apparently
naturalized in New Brunswick. (owler’s Cat.)
46 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
46. SISYMBRIUM, Linn. (HEDGE-MUSTARD.)
(150.) S. officinale, Scop. Hedge-mustard.
Erysimum officinale, Linn. Pursh, 436.
An introduced and unsightly weed found in all cities, towns and
villages throughout Ontario and the eastern provinces.
(151.) S. linifolium, Nutt.
S. junceum, Hook. FI. I., 61. Macoun’s Cat., No. 146.
In some abundance along the Thompson River below Spence’s
Bridge, B. C., 1875. (Macoun & Hill.)
(152.) S. sophioides, Fisch. Hook. FI. I, 61.
S. Sophia var. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 16.
York Factory on Hudson’s Bay ; to the shores of the Arctic Sea, west-
ward of the Mackenzie River. (Hooker.) Along Nelson River near
York Factory. (R. Bell.) Lake Winnipeg. (Back.)
(153.) S. Sophia, Linn. Flaxweed.
Introduced from Europe. On the sand bar at the mouth of Magdalen
River, Gaspé, 1882. (illacoun.) Borders of fences near Quebec.
(Brunet.) Montreal. (Maclagan & Holmes.) Hast Street, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.)
(154.) S. canescens, Nutt. Tansy-mustard.
Cardamine (?) multifida, Pursh, 440.
S. Sophia, Pursh, 440; not Linn.
In the low grounds, Lat. 50°-60°. (Richardson.) Plentiful about
the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers. (Douglas.) In the Rocky Moun-
tains and about Fort Franklin, Lat. 66.2. (Drummond.) Very common
throughout the prairie region, and extending to Peace River. Common
in the dry interior of British Columbia. 8S. incisum, Engelm. is included
in the above references.
Var. brachycarpum, Torr. & Gray FLTI., 92.
S. brachycarpum, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 16. Hook. Fl. L., 62.
I take this to be the forest form and the one which is found both
East and North. St. Helen’s Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.) Whiskey
Island, Lake Huron. (J. Beil.) Point Pelee, Lake Erie; Little Current,
Georgian Bay. North shore of Lake Superior at the Pic River, and
quite frequent in the mixed forest and prairie to the Rocky Mountains.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 47
(155.) S. incisum, Engelm. var. Hartwegianum, Watson.
,S: canescens, Benth. Pl. Bourgeau; 254 in part.
(2) S. canescens, var. brevipes, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 92.
This species has been confounded with S. canescens until a recent
date, and hence Bourgeau is found to include it with S. canescens. I
have found this species to be the common form on the southern plains
west of Moose Jaw Creek, N. W. T., and in the dry interior of British
Columbia.
Var. filipes, Gray FI. Fendl, 8.
This form gathered at Yale, B.C., is identical with one found by
Lyall on the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Macoun &
Fill.)
Collectors are requested to preserve complete specimens of the four
forms mentioned above.
(156.) S. acutangulum, DC.
A native of southern Europe. Naturalized in California and brought
from thence to the vicinity of New Westminster, British Columbia.
This species is No. 145 of my catalogue.
(157.) S. humile, C. A. Meyer.
Rocky Mountains, Lat 52°-57°. (Drummond.) About the Mackenzie
River, Lat. 60°-68°. (Richardson.)
(158.) S. salsugineum, Pall.
Turritis diffusa, Hook. FI. I., 41.
Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)
47. BRASSICA, Tourn. (TRUE MUSTARD.)
(159.) B. Sinapistrum, Boiss. Wild Mustard.
Sinapis arvensis, Linn. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL. 99.
Introduced from Europe. <A vile weed in cultivated fields and waste
grounds from New Brunswick throughout -Quebec and Ontario.
Between Brighton and Toronto, on the line of the G. T. R.. many fields
during June are quite yellow with the flowers of this pest. Its seeds
retain the power of germination for a long time, and after it once gets
a footing on the soil years must elapse before the ground is freed from
them.
48 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(160.) B. alba, Gray. White Mustard.
Sinapis alba, Linn. Gray, Manual I., Ed. 38. ¢
Escaped from gardens in a few places in New Brunswick. (Fowler’s
Cat.) In a few localities around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In
vicinity of Quebec. (Brunet.)
(161.) B. nigra, Koch.
Sinapis nigra, Linn. Torr. & Gray FI. 1, 99.
Introduced from Europe. Halifax and Cumberland Co., N.S. (How.)
Rare near dwellings and on ballast. (owler’s Cat.) Gardens and
waste places, Quebec. (Brunet.) Streets of Prescott. (Provancher.)
Around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In fields below Matane, Gaspé,
Q. In old gardens and around barns and manure heaps in the
Counties of Prince Edward and Hastings, and around Amherstburgb,
Ont. (AMacoun.)
(162.) B. campestris, Linn.
Introduced from Europe. Common in tields in Manitoba and around
Winnipeg ; also at Victoria, B. C.
48. CHEIRANTHUS, R. Br. (WALLFLOWER.)
(163.) ©. asper, Cham. & Schlecht.
C. capitatus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 38.
Erysimum grandiflorum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 96 and 667.
Common at Puget Sound. (Douglas.) To be looked for in the
southern part of British Columbia.
(164.) C. pygmzeus, DC. Dwarf Wallflower.
C. Pallasii, Pursh, 436. Hook. Fl. 1, 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 71.
Hesperis pygmexa, Hook. FI. I., 60.
Hesperis minima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 90.
Hesperis Pallasii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 666.
On the northwest coast of America. (Pallas.) Bear Lake and
thence to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound and Cape Lisburne. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
49. PARRYA, R. Br. (ARCTIC ROCKET.)
(165.) P. nudicaulis, Regel. Vars. glabra and aspera, Regel.
Cardamine articulata. Pursh, 439.
P. macrocarpa, R. Br. Hook. Fl. 1,47. Torr. & Gray FI. L, 88.
Found during the second Arctic Land Expedition, and then only by
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 49
Capt. Sir John Franklin and Capt. Back, to the west of Mackenzie River.
Frequent on the shores of Kotzebue Sound and the adjacent coast.
(Hooker.) .
(166.) P. arctica, R. Br. Arctic Parrya.
On the eastern Arctic Islands. (Parry.) Shores of the continent of
Arctic America, eastward of the Mackenzie River. (Richards.)
(167.) P. arenicola, Hook.
Eutrema carenicola, Richards. Hook. Fl. 1,67. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 112.
Dcep sand upon the shores of the Arctic Sea, between Long. 107° and
150°. (Richardson.)
50. HESPERIS, Linn. (GARDEN ROCKET.)
(168.) H. matronalis, Linn. Sweet Rocket.
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Shoves of Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd,
vide Hooker.) Spontaneous in many old gardens and along old fences
in Prince Edward County and at Belleville. Ont. Hooker’s reference
to Lake Huron can only apply to a garden escape.
'
51. DRABA, Linn. (WHITLOW-GRASS.)
(169.) D. alpina, Linn. Alpine Whitlow-grass.
From Lat. 60° on the Rocky Mountains, to the shores of the Arctic
Sea,and on the islands adjacent, where it principally abounds. (Hooker.)
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) On limestone mountains in the Bow
River Pass. (Macoun.) Kotzebue Sound. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. hebecarpa, Lindb. (Hairy-podded variety.)
D. alpina, var. }., Hook. Fl. I., 50.
Summit of Stuart Lake Mountain, B. C., 1875; top of Mount
Selwyn, Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°; Bow Rivor Pass, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Summit Camp, Pine Pass, 2,850 feet, Lat. 55°. (Dawson).
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. algida, Regel.
D. algida, Adams. Hook. FI. I., 50.
D. paucifiora, R. Br. Hook. FI. I., 51.
Sea coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. (ichard-
son.) Melville Island. (Sabine.) Barrow River. (Parry.) West of
4
«
50 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
the Mackenzie along the coast. (Simpson. Island of St. Lawrence.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. glacialis, Dickie.
Dz glucialis, Adams. Hook. Fl. 1., 51. Macoun’s Cat. No. 159.
D. oligosperma, Hook. Fl. 1, 51.
D. densifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 104.
Rocks on the loftiest of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drum-
mond.) Rare on the shores of the Arctic Sea; summit of a limestone
hill, Mackenzie River, Lat. 68°. (Richardson.) Bow River Pass.
(Vacoun.) Summit of S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Cape Lisburne.
Assistance Bay, and Garry Island. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. (?) micropetala, Durand.
Dz micropetala, Hook. FI. 1., 52.
Sea coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. (Richard-
son.)
Var. (?) corymbosa, Durand.
D. corymbosa, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 52.
D. alpina var. 6., Hook. Fl. 1., 50.
Labrador. (Brunet.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Capt. Ross.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(170.) D. stellata, Jacq. Hook. Fl. I., 53.
Unalaschka and Kotzebue Sound. (Torr. & Gray, I., 105.)
Var. nivalis, Regel. ;
D. muricella, Wahl. Hook. FI. I.,52. Macoun’s Cat. No. 156.
Labrador, (Colmaster.) Arctic Shores of America. (Parry.)
Wooded country, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) Stuart Lake Mountain,
B.C. CVacoun.) Wainwright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. hebecarpa, DC. Hook. FI. I., 53.
Arctic America. (Richardson.) Kotzcbue Sound, Ounalashka, and
Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. Johannis, Regel.
? D. levipes. DC. Hook. FI. I., 53.
D. stellata. Macoun’s Cat. No. 160.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.) Bow River Pass; top
of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass; Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C.
(Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 51
(171.) D. hirta, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1, 52.
D. oblongata, R. Br. Hook. FI. I., 52.
Arctie and subarctic America as well as upon the Rocky Mountains ;
frequent. Sea shores between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers.
( Richardson.) Igloolik and Barrow Rivers. (Parry.) Back’s Great
Fish River. (Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(172.) D. rupestris, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 53.
B. hirta, vary. 4. Hook.in Parry’s Second Voy., 336.
Rocky Mountains, in stony places, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(173.) D. androsacea, Wahl.
D. Lapponica, Willd. Hook. FI. I., 53.
D. hirta, var. 3, Hook. in Parry’s Second Voy., 586,
Table-Topped Mountain, Gaspé, Q. (O, D. Allen.) Shores and
islands of the Arctic Sea. (Ross, Parry.) Mellville Island. (Torr. &
Gray.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(17+.) D. crassifolia, Gray. Hook. Fl. 1, 54.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.)
(175.) D. incana, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 54.
D. glabella, Richards. Hook. Fl. L., 54.
Labrador. (Pursh.) Vicinity of Montreal. (Provancher.) Churchill
and Nelson Rivers. (A. Bell.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnipegoosis.
Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (JJacoun.) Margins of rivulets in
the Rocky Mountains, Lat.52°-57°. (Drumm-nd.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
Var. confusa, Poir. Torr. & Gray, Fil. L, 107.
D. confusa, Ehrh. Hook. Fl. I., 54.
Nashwaaksis, New Brunswick. (Moser.) Common along the Gaspé
coast. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, from Lat. 52°; and northward
in the plains, nearly to the mouth of the Mackenzie River. (Drummond,
Richardson.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. borealis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 107.
D. borealis, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 55.
D. Unalaschkiana, DC. Hook. FI. I., 55.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Along the Nechacco River
and numerous places along the Telegraph Trail between that river and
Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Eliguck Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Garry,
St. Lawrence and Ounalashka Island. (Rothr. Alask.)
52 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(176.) D. arabisans, Michx. Fl. IT., 28
D. glabella, Pursh, 434. Hook. Fl. I, 54 in part.
D. Canadensis, Brunet. Pl. Can. I., 22.
Gaspé Basin and along the Gaspé coast from Cape Rosier to Little
Métis. (dMacoun.) Crevices of rocks at St. Joachim. Cape Tour-
ment, Q.' (Brunet.) Lake Champlain. (M€ichauz.) Near Fenelon
Falls, Ont. (Dr. Cowdry.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
(177.) D. aurea, Vahl. Hook. Fi. I., 55.
Alpine prairics of the Rocky Mountains. (Druminond.) Top of
Stuart Lake Mountain, B. C.; Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass.
(Varoun.) Eliguek Lake, B. C. (Dawson.). Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
(178.) D. nemorosa, Linn. var. «., leiocarpa, Lindb.
D. lutea, Gilib. Hook. Fl. I.,55. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.
Low grounds from Lat. 56°-66°. (Drummond.) On dry sand hills
and banks, Michipicotin, Lake Superior. Abundant in many places on
the western plains, especially at Fort Ellice; Manitoba House, Lake
Manitoba. (Vacoun.) Cascade Mountains on Skagit River, B. C.
(Dawson.)
Var. 3., hebecarpa, Lindb.
D. nemoralis, Ehrh. Hook. Fl. L., 55.
? D. muralis, Hook. FI. I., 56.
D. lutea var. longipes, Hook. in Lon. Journ. Bot., 671.
About Montreal. (Cleghorn.) About Rainy Lake and in the Rocky
Mountains, (Drummond.) North-west coast of America, (Douglas. )
Quite common around Victoria, Vancouver Island; in profusion at
Yale and along the Wagon road to Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) Dean’s
Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
(179.) D. Caroliniana, Walt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 109.
D. hispidula, Michx, FI. IL, 28. Pursh, 433.
? Arabis reptans, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 83.
On limestone rocks, Ox Point near Belleville; also on rocks west of
Albert College and at the Ferry House appodite Belleville; Grape
Island and the Carrying Place at the head of the Bay of Quinte: also
in a stone quarry pear the Canada Southern Railroad station at
Amherstburg, and on Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(180.) D. hyperborea, Desv.
Alyssum hyperboreum, Linn. Hook. FI. T., 49.
Cochlearia spathulata, Schlecht. Hook. FI. L., 57.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 53
On the west coast of America. (Pursh.) Aleutian Islands of St.
George and St. Paul, Lat. 56°-57.° (Chamisso.)
Var. siliquosa, Gray in Herb.
Cochlearia siliquosa, Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I.,57.
Rocky places in Ounalashka. (Herb. Willd.)
(181.) D. verna, Linn. Spring Whitlow Grass.
Erophila vulgaris, DC. Hook. FI. I., 56.
Probably introduced from Europe. Fields and hill sides in the neigh-
borhood of Quebec. (Brunet.) Cape Tourment, Q. (Provancher.)
52. COCHLEARIA, Tourn. (SCURVY-GRASS.)
(182.) C. officinalis, Linn. Officinal Scurvy-grass.
C. Grenlandica, Linn. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1., 110.
C. fenestrata, R. Br. Hook. FL I:,57. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 109.
C. oblongifolia, DC. Hook. Fl. 1.,56. Torr. & Gray, F1., I., 109.
Tabrador. (Brunet.) Islands of St. Lawrence and Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Lay.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow
and Assistance Bay. (othr. Alask.) Arctic shores. Whale Islands.
(Parry.) Coast to the westward of Mackenzie River. (franklin &
Bach.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Moss.) Greenland. (LZook.
_ Aret. Pl.)
(183.) C. Anglica, Linn. English Scurvy-grass.
Shores of the Arctic Sca from east to west. Observatory Inlet.
(Scouler.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) East of Mackenzie
River and Greenland. (ook, Arct. Pl.)
(184.) ©. Danica, Linn. Danish Scurvy-grass.
Arctic Shores, North Somerset. (Parry.) Westward of Mackenzie
River. (Franklin & Back.) Kotzebue Sound and Assistance Bay.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(185.) C. tridactylites, Banks.
Labrador. (Banks.) Cape Charles, Labrador. (Brunet.)
53. ALYSSUM, Tourn. (ALYSSUM.)
(186.) A. calycinum, Linn.
Abundant along roadsides near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Very
abundant around Brock’s Monument, Queenston Heights, Ont., 1882.
(Macoun.)
54 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
54. VESICARIA, Lam. (BLADDER-POD.)
(187.) V. Ludoviciana, DC. Western Bladder-pod.
? V. arctica, Pl. Bourgeau, 254.
Abundant in the valley of the Qu’Appelle in sand about a mile above
its junction with the Assiniboine; on hills west of Moose Mountain.
and sand hills near Gull Lake, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Dry hillsides near
Badger Creek, N.W.T.; Similkameen Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
(188.) V. arctica, Richards. Arctic Bladder-pod.
V. arctica, var. B. Hook. FI. I., 48.
V. arenosa, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 26.
Island of Anticosti, Q. (Shepherd in Torr. & Gray.) Chietty confined
to the Arctic shores and islands eastward of the Mackenzie River; on
a hill 700 feet high at Bear Lake River. (Richardson.) Gieonland,
(Hook Arct. Pl.)
(189.) V. alpina, Nutt. Alpine Bladder-pod.
Quite abundant on gravelly knolls on the top of the Cypress Hills,
N.W.T. (Macoun.) Along Belly River. (Dawson.)
\
55. PHYSARIA, Nutt. (MOUNTAIN BLADDER-POD.)
(190.) P. didymocarpa, Gray.
Vesicaria didymocarpa. Wook. Fl. 1., 49. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 102.
Growing in deep sand upon the Rocky Mountains, Lat, 52°-57°.
(Drummond.) Rocky Mountains, near the 49th parallel, in gravel.
(Dawson.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) On shingle at the base of
the mountain at the entrance to Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
56. CAMELINA, Crantz. (FALSE FLAX.)
(191.) ©. sativa, Crantz, False Flay.
Introduced from Europe. Found sparingly in cultivated fields and
along railways from Nova Scotia to Manitoba and British Columbia.
57. BRAYA, Sternb. & Hoppe.
(192.) B. alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe., var. Americana.
Hook. Fl. 1,65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 55
Alpine rivulets among the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drum-
mond).
(6.) Var. glabella, Watson’s Index.
B. glabella, Richards. Hook. FI. 1.,65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.
Platypetalum purpurascens, R.Br. Hook. Fl. L, 66. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 111.
P. dubium, R. Br. Hook. FI 1., 66. Torr. & Gray, FLL, 111:
B. arctica, Hook. in Parry’s Second Voy., 387.
Arctic America; on the Copper Mountains, and principally on the
shores of the sea between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers.
(Richardson.) Arctic shores and islands of America. (Foss.) Melville
Island. (Sabine.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(193.) B. Eschscholtziana, Benth. & Hook.
Oreas involucrata, Cham. Hook. FI. I., 67. .
Aphragmus Eschscholtzianus, Andrz. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 112.
Among loose stones, on the high alpine mountains of the island of
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Will possibly be found in northern British
Columbia.
(194.) B. pilosa, Hook. Fl. I, 65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 111.
Found only on the shores of the Arctic Sea, at the mouth of the
Mackenzie River, Lat. 70°. ( Richardson.)
58. EUTREMA, R. Br.
(195.) E. Edwardsii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. 1, 67. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1, 112.
Draba (?) levigata, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 54. Torr. & Gray,
FI. I., 106,
Arctic sea shore and islands; coast eastward of the Coppermine
River. ' (Richardson, Back.) Great Fish River. (Back.) Island of
St. Lawrence. (othr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
59. SUBULARIA, Linn. (AWL-WORT.)
(196.) S. aquatica, Linn. Gray, Manual, 73.
Found in about 3 feet of water, on sandy bottom in Vermilion Bay,
on Eagle Lake, C. P. R., Dawson Route. Abundant, both in flower and
fruit, Septr. 13, 1882. (fletcher.)
56 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
60. CAPSELLA, Vent. (SHEPHERD’S PURSE.)
(197.) ©. Bursa-pastoris, Mench. Gray, Manual, 73.
Thiaspi Bursa-pastoris, Linn. Pursh., 485,
An introduced weed that is found in profusion wherever there is cul-
tivation-from the Atlantic to the Pacific. South Greenland. (Hook.
Aret. Pl.)
(198.) C. divaricata, Walp.
Hymenolobus divavicatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 117.
H. erectus, Nutt. Mavcoun’s Cat., No. 186.
Near Oregon Jack’s, above Spence’s Bridge, B.C., 1875.
61. THLASPI, Tourn. (PENNY-CRESS.)
(199.) T. arvense, Linn. Mithridate Mustard:
Naturalized from Europe. Abundant in many parts of Quebec ;
scarce in Ontario; but a veal pest in Manitoba and around all the
Hudson Bay Co. Posts in the North-west Territory. This weed has
attracted much attention already in Manitoba.
(200.) T. alpestre, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1.,58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 114.
T. montanum, Hook. Fl. 1.,58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 113.
T. cochleariforme, DC. Hook. FI. 1.,58. Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 113.
Shores of the Arctic Sea to the westward and eastward of the Mac-
kenzie River. (Franklin & Back.)
62. SMELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer.
(201.) S. calycina, ©. A. Meyer.
Hutchinsia calycina, Desy. Hook. FI. L., 58. Torr. & Gray Fl. I, 114.
On the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.) Rocky Moun-
tains, in the Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Summit of South Koo-
tanie Pass. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound and Cape Kurzenstern.
(Rothr. Alask.)
63. LEPIDIUM, Linn. (PEPPER-WORT.)
(202.) L. sativum, Linn. Pepper-grass.
Escaped from cultivation. On waste heaps, Ste. Anne des Monts,
Gaspé, Q. Frequent close to old Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Man.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 5Y
(203.) L. ruderale, Linn:
Introduced. Windsor and Sidney Bar, N.S. (How.) Spreading from
ballast heaps, New Brunswick. (Fowler’s Cat.) Roadsides Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.)
(204.) L. campestre, R. Br. Field Pepper-grass.
Introduced. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Clifton, near
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
(205.) L. Menziesii, DC. Western Pepper-grass.
L. Catifornicum, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 115.
Common on rocks bordering on the sea at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(206.) L. intermedium, Gray.
LL. vruderale, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 16. Hook. FI. I., 68. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. I.,115.
LD. Menziesii, var. 8., Hook. Fl. 1., 69.
This species and LZ. Virginicum have been so much confused that
very little reliance can be placed on the stations given for the latter.
Pictou, N.S. (MeKay.) Vicinity of Montreal. (Ad-Gill Colt. Herb.)
Lake Temiscamingue, 1870. (J. Richardson.) Very common in many
parts of Hastings, Northumberland and Prince Edward counties,
Amherstburgh and Pelee Island, Ont.; Little Current, Georgian Bay ;
and very abundant from Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains
on Peace River. Spence’s Bridge and along the Thompson to Lytton,
B.C. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(207.) L. Virginicum, Linn. Virginia Pepper-grass.
Introduced from the South. Roadsides, Cape Soute, «. ( Brunet.)
Old Citadel Hill, Montreal. (Holmes.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Roadsides, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Huron County, Ont. (Gibson.)
Roadsides neav Meyersburg, Northumberland County, Ont. (iMacoun.)
(208.) L. Draba, Linn. Gray, Manual, 74.
Roadsides near Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) This is likely a garden escape.
64. SENEBIERA, DC. (WART-CRESS. SWINE-CRESS.)
(209.) §. Coronopus, Poir. Swine-cress.
Introduced in ballast. Spreading in ballast from St. John, N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) On the wharf, Gaspé Basin, Q. (7. Bell.)
58 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(210.) S. didyma, Pers. Wart-cress.
Cochlearia humifusa, Michx. FI. IT., 27.
Coronopus didymus, Pursh, 435.
Senebiera pinnatifida, DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 114.
Introduced in ballast. Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Spread-
ing from ballast at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) On the wharf at
Gaspé Basin, Q. (J. Bell.)
65. CAKILE, Tourn. (SEA ROCKET.)
(211.) ©. Americana, Nutt. American Sea Rocket.
C. maritima, Pursh, 434.
C. edentula, Hook. FI. I.,59.
C. maritima, var. Americana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 119.
Common along the shores of the Maritime Provinces, on the shores
of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on many beaches along the river.
Along the shores of the great lakes at intervals from Kingston to
Thunder Bay.
66. RAPHANUS, Linn. (RADISH.)
(212.) R. Raphanistrum, Linn. Wild Radish.
Introduced from Europe. Annapolis, N.S. (MeKay.) <A trouble-
some weed at Fredericton, N.B., and a few other places. (Fowler’s
Cat.) Barrie, Lake Simcoe, Ont. (Buchan.)
(213.) R. sativus, Linn. Garden Radish.
Spontaneous on waste heaps and frequent around market gardens.
Seldom remains more than two years.
67. THELYPODIUM, Endl. (PURPLE ROCKET.)
(214.) T. pinnatifidum, Watson.
Hesperis (2) pinnatifida, Michx. Fl. II., 31.
Chieranthus hesperidoides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 72.
Arabis hesperidoides, Gray, Manual, 68,
Found at Montebello, on the Lower Ottawa, around springs, June,
1881. (A. B. Whyte.) This species is far out of its range and may
have been introduced.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 59
68. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook.
(215.) T. curvipes, Hook. Fl. I., 69.
T. elegans, Fisch. & Meyer. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 118
T. pulchellus, Fisch. & Meyer. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 118.
Abundant on dry hill sides in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island, 1875.
XI. CAPPARIDACKUE. Caprr Faminy.
69. CLEOME, Linn. (CLEOME. SPIDER-FLOWER.)
(216.) C. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray, FL. 1, 122.
C. serrulata, Pursh. 441. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.,121.
On dry saline soil from Woody Mountain, along the 4th parallel to
the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on many dry clay soils
throughout the Great Plains. A beautiful flower and well worthy of
cultivation.
(217.) ©. lutea, Hook. Fl. I., 70.
C. aurea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. I., 122.
Common in North-west America. (Douglas.) This species ought to
be found in southern British Columbia.
70. POLANISIA, Raf. (POLANISIA.)
(218.) P. graveolens, Raf. Heavy-sconted Polanisia,
Cleome dodecandra, Michx. Fl. IL, 32. Pursh, 441.
St. Helen’s Island, Montreal. (Holmes.) St. John’s, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.’ Lake Champlain. (Bigelow.) Border of Lake Ontario
at Kingston. (Brunet.) Burlington Beach, Hamilton; common.
(Logie.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Malden,
Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Abundant on the sands at Niagara town,
Ont. Common on the shores of Long Lake, near Last Mountain, and at
Gull and Island Lakes, north of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (dMacoun.)
Wood End, Souris River, N.W.T. (Dawwson.)
60 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
XII. CISTACE A. Rock-rose FAmiy.
71. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. (ROCK-ROSE.)
(219.) H. Canadense, Michx. Fl. 1, 308. Frost-weed.
H. ramuliflorum, Michx. Fl. 1, 307.
H. rosmarinifolium, Pursh, 364.
H. corymbosum, Pursh 363.
Dry, sandy, or gravelly soil, east of Belleville; very common on
Rice Lake plains; St. James’ Cemetery, Toronto; vicinity of London.
Ont.; Pointe-aux-Pins, Lake Superior; Fort Francis, Rainy River.
(Macoun.) Galt, Ont. (Miss Crooks.) Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Sandy plains of the Riviére aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) Last reference doubtful.
72. HUDSONIA, Linn. (HUDSONIA.)
(220.) H. tomentosa, Nutt. Downy Hudsoniana.
H. ericoides, Richards. in Frankl. Journ.. 11. :
Sandy shores of lakes and rivers. Northwest Arm near Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Abundant on Kouchibouguac beach, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Anticosti and St. Laurent, Q. (Brunet.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Pointe-aux-Pins, Montreal and Sandy Islands,
Lake Superior; Fifteen-Mile Point, Rainy Lake, and Hungry Hall,
entrance to the Lake of the Woods; sand hills west of Fort Pitt,
N.W.T. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to as far north as Slave Lake,
in several places. (Richardson.)
(221.) H. ericoides, Linn.
MeNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
73. LECHEA, Linn. (PINWEED.)
(222.) L. major, Michx. Greater Pinweed.
L. villosa, EN. Hook. Fl. I, 72.
Dry woods in sterile soil. Sandy woods a mile south of Port Dover
Junction, Canada Southern Railway, Ont. (Macoun.) Near London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 61
(223.) L. thymifolia, Pursh. Thyme-lcaved Pinweed.
On Goat Island, Grand Lake. New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
(224.) L. minor, Walt. Lesser Pinweed.
Dry sandy fields and open grassy woods. Kouchibouguac beach, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Three Rivers, Q.; and Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Not common at London. (Saun-
ders.) Riviére aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.) West of
Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) Bay of Quinte, near Picton; Rice Lake
Plains; Heely’s Falls, Northumberland Co.; rare east of Belleville;
sandy woods, Gull Lake, Addington Co.: St. Norah’s Lake, eighty-four
miles north of Lindsay, Ont.; St. James’ Cemetery, Toronto; Pointe-
aux-Pins, Lake Superior; Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Route. (dMacoun.)
North side of Lake Winnipeg. (Drummond.)
XIII. VIOLACH.Z. Viover Fairy.
74. IONIDIUM, Vent. (GREEN VIOLET.)
(225.) I. concolor, Benth. & Hook.
Viola concolor, Forst. Pursh, 175.
Solea concolor, Ging. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 144. !
Noisettia acuminata, DC. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 136,
Near London, Ont., 1882. (Burgess.)”
75. VIOLA, Linn. (VIOLET. HEART’S EASE.)
(226.) V. rotundifolia, Michx. Round-leaved Violet.
Cape Terry, N.S. (Afow.) Near Brome Lake and other localities
in the Eastern Townships. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(227.) V. lanceolata, Linn. Lance-leaved Violet.
Marshy meadows and by streams. On the shore at Rothsay, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Walifax and Annapolis, N.S. (McKay.) Muskoka
Lake, Ont. (Burgess.) In rear of St. Mary’s Village, Sault Ste. Marie.
Lake Superior, 1869. (Macoun.) About Lake Huron. ( Todd.)
(228.) V. primulzefolia, Linn. Primrose-leaved Violet.
Damp soil and wet meadows. St. Andrew’s, N.B. (Vroom.) Riviére
du Loup, Q.; not uncommon. (Thomas.) Reported by others from
Quebec, but localities not given.
62 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(229.) V. blanda, Willd. Sweet White Violet.
V. clandestina, Pursh, 173. Hook. FI. I., 77.
V. obliqua, Pursh, 172, not Ait.
Very abundant in damp, mossy places from Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia to British Columbia, and north on the Mackenzie to Fort
Franklin. There are many forms of this species which require careful
study, and possibly two species may be found under one name.
(230.) V. renifolia, Gray. Kidney-leaved Violet.
Dry cedar swamps and rich woods in ravines. Too often confounded
with the preceding species, though with a different habit, having much
larger and very pubescent leaves, which often become two inches across
in summer. It is abundant in all our cedar swamps and mossy woods,
and extends into British Columbia.
(231.) V. biflora, Linn. .
Reported from the Arctic Coast. A species which seemed to accord
with this was detected near Stuart Lake, B.C., in 1875.
(232.) V. odorata, Linn. English Sweet Violet.
Escaped from gardens, N.S. (WeKay.) Escaped from cultivation
at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Jfucoun.)
(233.) V. palustris, Linn. Marsh Violet.
Wet swamps, amongst moss. Mount Albert, Gaspé, Q. (O. D.
Alien.) One mile west of Prince Arthur’s Landing, Dawson Road,
Lake Superior, 1872. (Macoun.) Near Oxford House, north of Lake
Winnipeg. (&. Bell.) From Vancouver Island to the forks of Peace
River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) This species is easily distinguished from
V. blanda by its pale lilac flowers and articulated rhizoma.
(234.) V. Selkirkii, Pursh. Great-spurred Violet.
Clifton, on the Kennebecasis, N.B. (Wetmore.) Near Half’ Moon
Lake, St. John. St. Francis River, N.B. (Hay.) Damp and shady
soil, Vicinity of Windsor, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Hilly ground
about Montreal. (Goldie.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.) Gate Lake,
Wentworth Township, Q. (D’Urban.) Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Dartmouth River, Gaspé. (J. Bell.) Ste. Anne des Monts, River,
Gaspé. (Macown.) McLeod’s Harbor, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.)
Walkerton and Owen Sound. (Buchan.) Woodstock, Ont. (Burgess.)
(235.) V. cucullata, Ait. Common Blue Violet.
Wet meadows, or borders of brooks in woods. Very common from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. This species needs to be carefully examined,
as there are many Varietal forms in the north and west.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 63
\
Var. cordata, Gray, Manual, 78.
V. villosa, Walt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 138.
V. sororia, Willd. Pursh, 173.
Dry rocky hillside under poplars near the paper mill, Belleville, Ont.
Var. palmata, Gray, Manual, 78.
V. palmata, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 74.
V. septemloba, La Conte. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 137.
Swamps and low grounds, western Ontario. Damp woods near
Amherstburg, Ont. (AMacoun.)
(236.) V. sagittata, Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet.
V. primulifolia, Pursh, 173, not Linn.
V. dentate, Pursh, 172.
V. orata, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L., 76.
Dry, sandy and gravelly fields, woods, copses, and pastures, rather
rare.. Nun’s Island, Berthier, Q. (Holmes.) Lorette, Stansfeld, Q.
(Provancher.) Jones’ Falls, Rideau Canal; and Amherstburg, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Sandy fields near Belleville; Rice Lake plains, Ont. ;
common around Toronto; at Port Dover Junction, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)
(237.) V. pedata, Linn. Bird-foot Violet.
V. diyitata, Pursh, 171.
V. pinnata, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 6.
Common throughout Manitoba as far west as Brandon and north to
Manitoba House, on Manitoba Lake. (Macoun.) As far north as Lat.
53° on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Near Emerson and Pembina
Mountain. (Dawson.)
(238.) V. Langsdorffii, Fisch. Hook. Fl. [., 77.
Island of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Since found in Alaska. (Rothrock. )
(239.) V. striata, Ait. Pale Violet.
V. debilis, Michx. FI. I., 150.
V. ochroleuca, Schwein. Hook. Fl. L., 77.
Rich low grounds along streams. Very abundant in the valley of a
small stream on the Canada Southern Railway, a few miles cast of
Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.) Common near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(240.) V. canina, Linn. Var. sylvestris, Regel. Dog Violet.
V. debilis, Pursh, 174, not Michaux.
V. Muhlenbergii, Torr. Hook. Fl. L., 78.
Borders of brooks and damp shady woods. Common from the Atlantic
to the Pacific. (Macoun.) South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
64 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. rupestris, Regel. Mountain Violet.
V. Muhlenbergii vars. 8 & y. Hook. Fl. IL., 78.
Prairies among the Rocky Mountains, rare. (Drummond.)
Var. adunca, Gray. Western Dog Violct.
V. adwnca, Smith. Hook. Fl. L, 79.
V. longipes, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 140.
On dry prairies or dry soil generally. Frequent on the western plains,
especially south of Battleford. The common Dog Violct of British
Columbia. All the forms of this species need careful cxamination.
(241.) V. rostrata, Muhl. Long-spurred Violet.
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Rocky woods and shaded
hillsides. Reported in various places throughout Ontario, from Ottawa
to Owen Sound.
(242.) WV. Canadensis, Linn. Canada Violet.
Rich woods from Newfoundland and Quebec to British Columbia.
Throughout Ontario it is very abundant, and in the forest country
north of the great prairie it is quite frequent. (Macoun.) Near Wood-
stock, N.B. (Chalmers.)
(243.) V. pubescens, Ait. Downy Violet.
V. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Fl. IIL. 149.
Rich low woods from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick, throughout Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba House and Lake
Manitoba. Hooker says it extends to the mountains, but I have never
detected it outside of Manitoba.
Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Hook. Fl. 1., 80.
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fil. Ott.) This seems to be the
common form at Belleville. (dZacoun.)
Var. scabriuscula, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 142.
Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Damp, clayey soil near Am-
herstburg, Ont. (Macoun.) Collectors might endeavour to define the
limits of the three forms.
(244.) V. glabella, Nutt. Western Yellow Violet.
V. striata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot., 6.
V. biflora, var. Sitchensis, Regel. Rothr. Alask., 444.
Rich moist woods from Yale to McLeod’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
Drew’s Harbor and Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.) Rich woods near
Yale, also at Port Moody, B.C., 1883. (Afiil.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 65
(245.) V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 80.
Vancouver Island near ‘Victoria, also in numerous places up the
Fraser along the wagon-road, B.C. (Macoun.) Close to Yale, B.C.
( Hill.)
(246.) V. Nuttallii, Pursh, 174.
On dry soil from near Winnipeg to Carlton and Edmonton on the
Saskatchewan. This species seems local in its distribution.
Var. proemorsa, Watson.
V. linguxfolia. Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 141.
Abundant in open grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Hill.)
(247.) V. tricolor, Linn. Var. arvensis, Ging. Pansy Violet.
V. bicolor, Pursh, 175.
V. tenella, Mubl. Cat. 25.
In a field at Ottawa. (fletcher.) Very abundant on dry rocky
ground near the stone quarry at the north end of Pelee Island, Ont.,
1882. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Provancher.)
Doubtful Species.
One specimen of a remarkable violet was sent from British Columbia,
by J. A. Hill of the C. P. R. staff, which may possibly be the rare V.
biflora. Not being able to find a description of this species, I am unable
to identify it satisfactorily.
Description. —Stems apparently two-flowered; flowers yellow or
cream color; leaves short, tapering into the petiole which is winged,
scabrous on both sides, but especially on the prominent veins ; margins
crenate, slightly scabrous ciliate; stipules membraneous, acute, slightly
ciliate at the tip; sepals white margined and ciliate.
XIV. POLYGALACEM. Mivx-Worr Faminy.
76. POLYCALA, Tourn. (MILK-WORT.)
(248.) P. incarnata, Linn.
Dry rocky soil. Rocky places on the Niagara River, near the Falls.
(Douglas, 1823.) Not detected by later collectors.
, 5
66 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(249.) P. sanguinea, Linn.
P. purpurea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 127.
P. viridescens, Linn. Pursh, 465.
Sandy and moist ground. Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Point Pelee,
Ont. (Burgess.) Dry ground, vicinity of Hamilton, and Prince’s Island,
Ont. (Logie & Buchan.) :
(250.) P. verticillata, Linn.
Dry gravelly or sandy soil. Boucherville Island, River St. Lawrence.
(Holmes.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Between
Sandwich and Amherstburgh, Ont. (Douglas.) On the Canada
Southern Railway, north of the Great Western Crossing, Queenston
Heights. (dMacoun.)
(251.) P. Senega, Linn. Sencca Snake-Root.
Rocky soil, and sandy woodlands. Aroostook Falls and Tobique
Narrows, Victoria Co., N.B. (Hay & Wetmore.) From the vicinity of
Ottawa (Fletcher), throughout Ontario and westward across the plains
to the Rocky Mountains. (Jacoun.)
(252.) P. polygama, Walter, 179.
P. rubella, Willd. Pursh, 464.
Dry sandy soil. Dutch Village, N.S. (Sommers.) Rice Lake Plains;
sand hills along the Humber near Toronto. (Macoun.) Woods in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
(253.) P. pauciflora, Willd.
P. uniflora, Michx. Fl. II., 53. Hook. Fl. L, 87.
Dry or moist sandy soil, generally in pine woods. Fredericton
Junction, N.B. (Bailey.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.) Near St.
Louis Dam, Ottawa. (4. Ami.) Davie’s Locks on the Ridean Canal
near Kingston. (Maclagan.) Komoka, near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Near Lake Medad, Ont. (Logie.) Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J.
Bell.) Abundant in the County Northumberland at Trenton, Wooler,
Murray Townhall, Castleton, and Colborne; banks of the Humber
near Toronto; Port Dover Junction, Ont.; Point aux Pins and Kam-
inistiqua River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains.
(Bourgeau. [?].)
Excluded Species.
Polygala fastiyiata, said to have been found by Judge Logie at Hamil-
ton, and P. Nuttallii mentioned as occurring in the same neighborhood
by Mr. Buchan, are included in P. sanguinea.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 67
XV. CARYOPHYLLACEA. Pink Famuity.
77. SILENE, Linn. (CATCH-FLY. CAMPION.)
(254.) S. stellata, Ait.
Cucubalus stellatus, Linn. Michx. Fl. L, 271.
Wooded banks. Dry stony places on the Niagara River. (Douglas,
1823.) Not detected lately.
(255.) S. inflata, Smith. Bladder Campion.
Cucubalus Behen, Linn. Michx. FI. L., 271.
Introduced into meadows’ and waste places. Miramichi, Richibucto,
and Edmunton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Extremely abundant in all old
clearings throughout the Gaspé Peninsula and iather common in Que-
bec, scarce at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fi. Ott.) Neighborhood of Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.) Hamil-
ton, Ont. ¢{Logie.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.) L’Orignal, Pres-
cott, Co, Ont. (J. Beil.)
(256.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 88.
To be looked for in Southern British Columbiz.
(257.) S. Scouleri, Hook. FI. 1, 88.
To be looked for in Southern British Columbia.
(258.) S. antirrhina, Linn. Sleepy Catchfly.
Common amongst rocks and on sandy soil. Vicinity of Ottawa
(Fletcher), throughout Ontario, and westward across the plains to
Vancouver Island. It bas never been reported from any point cast of
Ottawa.
(259.) §. Virginica, Linn. Fire Pink.
Open woods. Lake Huron. (Todd.) Islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.) Confined to southwestern Ontario.
(260.) S. Armeria, Linn. Garden Catchfly.
Occasionally spontaneous in gardens, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Spon-
taneous in some gardens at Belleville and near Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Arnprior, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Pentanguishene on the Georgian Bay.
( Todd.)
68 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(261.) S. noctiflora, Linn. Night-flowering Catchfly.
Introduced sparingly into fields and gardens. A weed in gardens,
N.S. (Lawson.) A rare weed in cultivated grounds, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) Frequent in cultivated grounds Quebec and Ontario, also at
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
(262.) S. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. 1, 90.
S. stellarioides, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 193.
Belly River, N.W.T. (Burgess.) Vancouver Island near Victoria;
Blackfoot Crossing of Bow River; Cypress Hills at Fort Walsh; ata
salt spring near the mouth of Red Deer River, at the head of Lake
Winnipegoosis, N. W.T. (Macovn.) North-west coast of America.
(Menzies.) Woods near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.) Portage D’Em-
barras, Slave River. (Richardson.)
(263.) S. acaulis, Linn. Moss Campion.
St. Paul’s Island, and Cape Breton Island. (McKay.) Top of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q. (dMacoun.) Coast of Lab-
vador. (Butler.) Throughout the whole of Arctic and Subarctic
America, and from Labrador to Behring’s Straits. (Hooker.) Elevated
parts of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.. (Drummond.) Kootanie
Pass near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass; Mount
Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B. C.
(Cowley.) Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Youcon River banks.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Excluded Species.
Silene Pennsylvanica is mentioned in Hooker’s Fl. I., 90, as occurring
on rocky islands on the north side of Lake Erie, but he states that he
had not seen the specimens. As S. Virginica has been found in the
same vicinity, if not in the very same locality, I consider the latter
species as the one meant.
78. LYCHNIS, Tourn. (LYCHNIS, COCKLE.)
(264.) L. apetala, Linn.
Labrador. (Morrison.) At Fort Norman, near the Arctic Circle.
(Richardson.) Abundant everywhere beyond the Arctic Circle and as
far west as Behring’s Straits. (Hooker.) On the more elevated parts
of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Bow River Pass ;
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 69
on Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson’s
Bay. (R. Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Gulf of Boothia. (Back.)
Var. glabra, Regel.
L. apetala, Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
(265.) L. elata, Watson. (New Species.)
Silene Scouleri, Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
Found by Lyall somewhere on the International boundary on the
western side of the Rocky Mountains. In the summer of 1881, Dr. G.
M. Dawson obtained a number of fine specimens at the summit of the
Kootanie Pass on the east side of the Mountains. Bow River Pass.
(Bourgeau.)
(266.) L. alpina, Linn.
West coast of Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Labrador. (Mor-
rison.) Ungava Bay, Labrador. (Barnston.) Very abundant on the
top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(267.) Ls Drummondii, Watson.
Silene Drummondii, Hook. FI. I., 89.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Very abundant on dry
gravelly ridges from near Fort Ellice to the Rocky Mountains, N.W.T.
(268.) L. Githago, Lam. Corn-Cockle.
Agrostemma Githago, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 92.
Common in wheat-fields as a pernicious weed. Wherever wheat is
cultivated this weed is found in abundance.
(269.) L. vespertina, Smith. Evening Lychnis.
A weed in a few gardens and waste places. Annapolis, N.S. (How.)
Saint Stephen, N. B. (Vroom.) Scarcely established in Ontario.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Township of Stanley, Huron
Co., Ont. (Gibson.)
(270.) L. dioica, Linn.
L. diurna, Linn. Wood. Bot. & FI., 54.
Introduced in Nova Scotia at Kentville. (Zawson.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher. Fl. Ott.) East Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(271.) L. Flos-cuculi, Linn. Ragged Robin.
Campbellton, New Brunswick. (Chalmers.) Doubtless introduced.
70 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(272.) L. affinis, Vahl.
Melandryum involucratum, var. affine, Rohrb. Watson. King’s Rep. V.,
431.
Greenland and Labrador. ( Watson.)
79. DIANTHUS, Linn. (PINK. CARNATION.)
(273.) D. Armeria, Linn. Deptford Pink.
Introduced into the waste ground between Niagara Falls and the
Canada Southern Railway. (AMacoun.)
(274.) D. alpinus, Linn. var. repens, Regel.
D. repens, Willd. Hook. FI. I, 87.
Bay of Eschscholtz. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Beechy.) Norton
Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Youcon River banks. (othr. Alask.)
80. SAPONARIA, Linn. (SOAPWORT.)
(275.) §. officinalis, Linn. Bouncing Bet.
Introduced into gardens and escaped into waste places along lanes
and garden fences. Twelve-mile House near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
Queensbury Parsonage, N.B. (Bailey.) Montreal Mountain, Lachine
and St. Andrews, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Very common along roadsides
in Hastings, Prince Edward and Northumberland Counties, Owen
Sound and St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) 2
(276.) §. Vaccaria, Linn, Common Cow-Herb.
Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. Gray, Manual, 88. Macoun’s Cat., No. 242.
Introduced along railways and rarely in cultivated fields. In waste
lots in Ottawa. (Fletcher Fil. Ott.) In gardens and waste places at
Belleville and Owen Sound, Fort Francis, Rainy Lake and around
Winnipeg. Fort Walsh, Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
81. ARENARIA, Linn. (SANDWORT.)
(277.) A. capillaris, Poir, var. nardifolia, Regel.
A. nardifolia, Ledeb. Hook. FI. 1, 98.
A. formosa, Hook. Nos. 254, 258 & 260, Macoun’s Cat.
Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Cascade, Kootanie, and
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 71
Rocky Mountains. (ZLyall.) Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Mountain behind the hotel at Spence’s Bridge, B. C.
(Macoun.)
(278.) A. congesta, Nutt., var. sub-congesta, Watson.
On gravelly slopes about the centre of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
Along Belly River, N.W.T., 1881. (Dawson.)
(279.) A. arctica, Stev.
A. laricifolia, Pursh. Hook. FI. I, 98.
Abundant on top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q.
(Macoun.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Tzi-tzult, Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. breviscapa, Regel.
A. arctica, var. 8. grandiflora, Hook. Fl. I., 100.
A. Pumilio, R.Br. Hook. Fl. I., 100.
Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.). On one of the islands in
Hecla and Fury Straits. (Ross.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)
(280.) A. biflora, var. obtusa, Watson.
A. arctica, var. stenopetala, Hook. Fl. I., 100.
A. arctica, var. y (obtusa), Torr. & Gray, Fil. I., 181.
Coast west of the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Top of Rocky
Mountains in the Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
(281.) A. verna, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1, 99.
A. juniperina, Pursh. Hook. Fi. L., 98.
Cape Charles and Amour Bay, Labrador. (Brunet.) Labrador and
Newfoundland. (Pursh.) On Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspé. On Percé Mountain and Percé Rock, Bay of Chaleur, (Macoun.)
Between Norway House and Cumberland House. (Richardson.) Bow
River Pass, Rocky Mountains. On the Nechacco River at the Ford,
and Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) York Factory. (Bell.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. hirta, Watson. King’s Rept. V., 41.
A. hirta, Wormsk. Hook. FI. 1., 99.
A. propinqua, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 99. Macoun’s Cat,, No. 255.
Petité Portage, Gaspé, on ‘rocks. (J. Bell.) Percé Mountain and
Percé Rock, Bay of Chaleur; also top of Mount Albert, Shickshock
Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Barren grounds north of Lat. 54° to the
2; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Summits of the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Cypress Hills, N.W.T.; Stuart
Lake Mountain, B.C., and Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.)
Along the western shores of northern Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. rubella, Hook. ~
A. quadrivalvis, R.Br., in Parry’s Ist Voy., 271.
A. rubella, Hook. FI. I., 100.
Top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q. (Macoun.)
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Summits of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(282.) A. stricta, Fenzl.
A. Rossii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 100. Macoun’s Cat., No. 253.
A. uliginosa, Schleich. Gray, Proc. Phil. Acad, 1863.
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Upon the summits of the Rocky
Mountains, Lat. 54°-57°. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace
River Pass. (Macoun.) Top of the Rocky Mountains; Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(283.) A. pungens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 179.
Top of the Rocky Mountains, in the 8. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
(284.) A. Michauxii, Hook.
A, stricta, Michx. Hook. Fl. 1, 99. Macoun’s Cat., No. 250.
Alsine Michauxii, Fenzl. Gray, Manual, 2d Ed., 1858.
Rocky, gravelly and sandy soil. North to the shores of the Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) McLeod’s
Harbor, Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Near London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Huron County. (Gibsen.) ‘Common on limestone soil at
Belleville; Point Pelee, Lake Erie; Red Bay, Bruce Peninsula, Lake
Huron; Pic River, north-east coast of Lake Superior; Lake of the
Woods; Valley of the Qu’Appelle at Fort Ellice; Dunvegan, Peace
River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeau.)
(285.) A. macrocarpa, Pursh, 318.
North-west coast of America. (Pursh.) Chamisso’s Island and Island
of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) North-west coast of Alaska. (Rothr.
Alask.)
(286.) A. tenella, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 179.
Dry rocky soil near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
This species is referred to on page 99 of Hooker’s Flora as having
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 73
been collected on the Columbia by Scouler. Hooker includes it in A.
Michauxii.
(287.) A. Groenlandica, Spreng.
Alsine Grenlandica, Gray. Matthew, Pl. Acad., 8.
Labrador. (Torr.& Gray.) Tadoussac, north shore of St. Lawrence.
(Burgess.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(288.) A. serpyllifolia, Linn. Thyme-leaved Sandwort.
Introduced, though apparently indigenous. Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
Labrador. (Brunet.) Sea shore at Rivicre du Loup, Q., on sandy
places. (Thomas.) Common around London, Ont. (Saunders.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common in Hastings and North-
umberland Cos.; rear of Picton, Prince Edward Co.; Owen Sound and
Amherstburgh, Ont. (Macoun.) Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(289.) A. lateriflora, Linn. Broad-leaved Sandwort.
A, buaifolia, Poir. Hook. FI. I., 101.
Stellaria biflora, Pursh, 317.
Moehringia lateriflora, Fenzl. Gray, Man., 2nd Ed. 1858.
Very abundant from Nova Scotia, particularly on sandy soil or in
swampy ground, to Vancouver Island, and north to Lat. 60°.
(290.) A. macrophylla, Hook. Fl. I., 102.
In shady woods, North-west America, and banks of the Saskatche-
wan. (Douglas.) Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(291.) A. peploides, Linn. Sea-side Sandwort.
Honkenya peploides, Ehrh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 176.
Along sea shores everywhere, from the Bay of Fundy to Behring’s
Straits. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. oblongifolia, Watson.
A. peploides, var. major, Hook. Fi. I., 102.
Honkenya oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 176.
Straits of De Fuca.: (Scouler.) Sitka, also Behring’s Straits. (Cha-
misso.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound. (othr.
Alask.)
(292.) A. physodes, DC. Prod. I., 413.
Stellaria ovalifolia, Hook. F1. I., 97.
Merckia physodes, Fisch. Hook. FI. IL, 103.
Frequent on the sandy sea shores of the Bay of Eschscholtz. (Cha-
misso.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow, (othr. Alask.)
74 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Excluded Species.
Hooker on page 101 of his Flora of North America mentions A.
fasciculata, Pursh, as occurring in Canada. There is no doubt but that
the plant intended is A. Michauxii, as the leaves of that species are
always in fascicles in the axils of the branches.
82. STELLARIA, Linn. (CHIGKWEED STAR-WORT.)
(293.) S. media, Smith. Common Chickweed.
Holosteum succulentum. Linn. Pursh. 90.
Introduced into all garden grounds from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(294.) S. longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Stitchwort.
Spergulastrum gramineum, Michx. Fl. I., 276.
Micropetalon graminewn, Pers. Pursh, 320.
Stellaria graminea, Bigel. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 10.
Grassy places; quite common from Nova Scotia to the Pacific Coast.
Tt is a northern species and delights in grassy margins of woodland
brooks. (Macoun.) Woody country from Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)
Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(295.) S. borealis, Bigel. Northern Stitchwort.
Spergulastrum lanceolatum, Michx. Fl. 1., 275.
Micropetalon lanceolatum, Pers. Pursh, 320.
Very common in mud on brook margins and in open swamps from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north to Fort Norman in Lat. 65°.
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
Var. alpestris, Gray, Manual, 93.
Stellaria alpestris, Fries.
S. brachypetala, Bong. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 186.
S. borealis, var. corollina, Fenzl. Macoun’s Cat., No. 274.
8. longifolia, Pl. Bourgeau, 255 in part.
S. gracilis, Richards. Macoun & Gibson.
Pie Island, Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, growing in tufts close to
the water, 1869. At Yale, B. C. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains.
(Bourgeau.) Sitka. (Torr. & Gray.)
(296.) S$. calycantha, Bongard. Torr. and Gray, Fl. L, 186.
This species is referred to S. borealis by Sereno Watson in his Index
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 95
to American Botany. I believe its characters to be sufficiently distinct
to warrant its separation from that species. Specimens were collected
near Macleod’s Lake in Northern British Columbia which completely
accord with the description of this species and are altogether unlike
any form of S. borealis we possess. The character, ‘leaves ovate-
lanceolate, connate, the margin minutely ciliate with white hairs, much
shorter than the internodes,” separates it from that species.
(297.) S$. uliginosa, Murr. Swamp Stitchwort.
S. aquatica, Poll. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1., 186.
Larbrea uliginosa, Hook. Fl. I., 98.
Halifax Co., N.S. (MeKay.) Rather common in swamps and rills,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) English River, near Isle La Crosse, N.W.T.
(Back.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.)
Island of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(298.) S. crassifolia, Ehrh. Gray, Manual, 93.
S. borealis, var. 8, Hook. FI. I., 95.
St. Paul’s Island. Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Frequent in low
damp spots in the prairie region. Specimens from the Cypress Hills
and Hand Hills are like the eastern forms. (Macoun.) Sitka. (Mertens.)
(299.) S. gracilis, Richards. Hook. Fl. I, 97.
This species is doubtfully referred to S. uliginosa by Watson, but is in
my opinion quite distinct. The abundant gemmz in the axils of the
leaves and its peculiarly lax habit amply distinguish it from S. udiginosa.
Abundant on the banks of Methy River, near Portage La Loche, Lat.
57°. (Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson’s Bay. (&. Bell.) About Slave
Lake, and between Cumberland House and Hudson’s Bay. ( Richardson.)
(300.) S. longipes, Goldie. Long-stalked Stichwort.
S. gluuca, Meyer. Pl. Lab., 93.
Dry gravelly river banks and margins of lakes, also sandy woods in
the north. Very abundant in many places from Nova Scotia to the
Pacific. In its various forms it is found on the mountains, on the
prairie and in the forest, and extends northward to the shores and
islands of the Arctic Sea. The eastern form is tall, rigid and generally
glaucous. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct, Pl.)
Var. minor, Hook. FI. L., 95.
S. palustris, Richards. in Frank]. Journ., 10.
S. stricta, Hook. Fl. I., 96.
From Lake Winnipeg to Bear Lake, Lat. 65°. (Richardson.) From
76 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Kchimamish River to Oxford House. (R. Bell.) Nechacco River.
Quesnel and Blackwater River, B.C. (MMacoun.)
Var. (lzeta, ) Torr. & Gray. Fi. I., 185.
S. leta, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 10. Hook. Fl. I., 96.
From Great Bear Lake to the shores and islands of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Upon the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C.; top of
Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Top of Rocky Moun-
tains, 8. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
Var. (Edwardsii,) Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 185.
S. Edwardsii, R.Br. Hook. FI. I., 96.
S. nitida, Hook. in Scoresb. Greenl., 411. P
On the coast near Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspé. (O.D. Allen.) East
coast of Hudson’s Bay. (R&R. Bell.) Shores and islands of the Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.) Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
(301.) S. nitens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 185.
S. stricta, Hook. F1. I., 96, in part.
Vancouver Island, around Victoria. (Hill & Macoun.)
(302.) S. umbellata, Turcz.
S. borealis, var. y, Hook. FI. I, 94.
On the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(303.) S. crispa, Cham. & Schlecht.
Dry slopes of Cedar Hill near Victoria, British Columbia, (Macoun.)
Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
(304.) S. obtusa, Engelm. (New Species.)
S. humifusa, Rottb.. Macoun’s Cat., No. 269.
On the boggy slope of a hillside near Macleod’s Lake, British Co-
lumbia, 1875. (Macoun.)
(305.) S. humifusa, Rottb.
Arenaria thymifolia, Pursh, 317.
A. Purshiana, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 102.
Sea shore of Labrador.- (Pursh.) Harvey, York Co. N.B. Rare.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Shores of the Gulf St. Lawrence, Little Fox River,
Gaspé. (Macoun.) Pointé des Monts, Gaspé. (J. Bell.) Temiscouta,
Q. (Burgess.) Kamouraska, Q. (Maclagan.) Sandy shores of the
\
>
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 77
Arctic Sea and islands. (Richardson.) Norton and Kotzebue Sound.
(othr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
83. CERASTIUM, Linn. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.)
(306.) ©. viscosum, Linn. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
C. vulgatum, Linn. Hook. FI. 1.,103. Torr. & Gray, FI. I.,187. Gray,
Manual, 93.
C. glomeratum, Thuill. Sow. Eng. Bot. II., 82.
Introduced into cultivated ground, more especially gardens. Reported
from Nova Scotia to the western part of Ontario. Abundant around
Victoria, British Columbia. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(307.) C. vulgatum, Linn.
C. viscosum, Linn, Herb.not Spec. Hook. FI. I., 108. Gray, Manual, 94.
C. triviale, Link.
This species seems to be indigenous to Ontario and the Eastern
provinces, as it is common in woods and cultivated grounds. It is per-
ennial, or lasts more than two years. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. P.l)
(308.) C. nutans, Raf. Nodding Mouse-ear Chickweed.
On places where water lies in the spring. Windsor Junction, N.S.
Montreal Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very abundant at Belleville on wet limestone
shingle; woods near Amherstburgh, Ont.; Prince Arthur’s Landing,
Lake Superior; Lake Manitoba at the Narrows; Big Lake west of
Edmonton; Little Slave Lake; St. John’s, Peace River; and at Yic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) From the Eastern provinces to
Lat. 58°, and from Hudson’s Bay to the elevated valleys of the Rocky
Mountains. (Richardson.)
(309.) C. arvense, Linn. Meadow Chickweed.
C. Pennsyluanicum, Hornem. Hook. FI. I., 104
C. elongatum, Pursh, 321. Hook. FI. I., 103.
C. tenuifolium, Pursh, 321.
On rocky banks, hills and pastures, from Labrador and Pictou, N.S.
to Vancouver Island. A common and beautiful species.
(310.) C. oblongifolium, Torrey.
C. arvense, Pursh, 321. (?.) Richards in Frankl. Journ., 738.
? C. bracteatum, Raf. Torr. & Gray FI. I, 189.
C. pubescens, Goldie. Edinb. Phil. Journ. IV., 328.
Wet woods, close to Amhertsburgh, Ont.; Point Pelee and Pelee
Island, Ont. A rare and beautiful species.
78 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(311.) C. alpinum, Linn. Alpine Mouse-car Chickweed.
Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler.) Cliff and debris, Petite Portage,
Cape Gaspé. (J. Bell.) Arctic America and adjacent islands, Kotzebue
Sound. (Lay & Collie.) Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Churchill
River, Hudson’s Bay. (£. Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. Behringianum, Regel.
C. Behringianum, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 105. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 279.
C. vulgatum, var. Behringianum, Fenzl. Rothr. Alask. 444.
In the Bay of Eschscholtz. (Hooker.) Kotzbue Sound to Cape
Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Ma-
coun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Var. Fischerianum, Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 188.
C. rigidum, Ledeb. Hook. FI. I., 105.
C. Fischerianum, Ser. Hook. Fl. I., 103.
C. alpinum, Hook. FI. I., 104, in part.
C. vulgatum, vars. grandiflorum & macrocurpum, Fenzl. Rothr. Alask.
Frequent on all the coasts of America bordering on Behring’s Straits,
also Ounalashka Island. (Chamisso.) Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
Smith’s Sound, Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. glabratum, Hook. FI. I., 104.
Duke of York’s Bay. (Capt. Parry.)
Var. latifolium, Smith. (?)
A form, with one or two flowered peduncles and clothed with gland-
ular hairs, causing the upper part of the stems to appear almost viscid,
was obtained on cliffs along the Gaspé coast, about 15 miles below Ste.
Anne des Monts, in August, 1882. It has the general appearance of
var. Behringianum, but seems nearer to C. latifolium of Smith’s English
Botany.
(312.) C. pilosum, Ledeb.
C. stellarioides, Mog. Hook. FI. I, 108.
Nootka Sound. (De Candolle.) Alaska. (Bot. Cal. I, 67.) A little
known species.
(313.) C. trigynum, Vill.
Stellaria cerastioides, Linn. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 184.
Table-topped Mountain, Gaspé, Q. (0. D. Allen.). Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 79
84. SACINA, Linn. (PEARL-WORT.)
(314.) S. procumbens, Linn.
West coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.)
Very common at Pictou, N.S. (MeKay.) Damp rocks and springy
places, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Springy places and damp rocks along
the whole Gaspé coast. (Macoun.) Pointe des Monts, Gaspé Bay. (J.
Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(315.) S. occidentalis, Watson. Bot. Cal. I, 70.
S. procumbens, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 92.
On rocks near the sea at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson). North-west coast of Amcrica.
(Menzies). Sitka, Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
£
(316.) S. Linnzei, Presl.
Spergula saginoides, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 93.
This species is ascribed to Canada, by Sereno Watson, Bot. Cal. I,
70. He says it extends from Arctic America, southward in the Rocky
Mountains. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(317.) S. decumbens, Torr. & Gray FL. I., 177.
Speryula saginoides, Michx. FI. I., 276, not Linn.
Sagina procumbens, Pursh, 119.
Spergula subulata, Hook. Fl. L, 93.
Sagina subulata, Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 178.
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) On the open prairie, 30 miles east
of the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(318.) S. nodosa, E. Meyer.
Spergula nodosa, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 93.
Wet soil and crevices of rocks along shores of both the sea and inland
lakes. Magdalen Islands, Gult of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Halifax
and Pictou, N. 8. (Sommers.) Restigouche River and Pea Point,
Charlotte Co., N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant at many points
along the Gaspé coast. Island of St. Ignace, Agate Island, Michipicotin
Island, and along the north-east coast of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
North end of Lake Winnipeg. (&. Bell.) Ontario, to the shores of
the Arctic Sea, eastward of the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
80 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
85. SPERCULARIA, Pers. (SAND SPURRY.)
(319.) S. media, Presl.
Arenaria rubra var. 8. Michx. Fl. I., 274.
A. Canadensis, Pers. Pursh. 319.
Arenaria rubra, Hook. Fl. I., 98.
Spergula rubra, var. (?) y. Torr. & Gray FI. I., 175.
Sperguaria rubra, var. marina. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 21.
Lepigonum medium, Fries. Wat. Index, 103.
Salt marshes and sands both along the Atlantic coast and throughout
the prairie region. Pictou, N.S. (AfcKay.) Salt marshes and sands, N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Very common on the borders of salt lakes and ponds,
from Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Between Cum-
berland House and Bear Lake. (Richardson.) James’s Bay. (Burgess.)
(320.) S. rubra, Presl.
Arenaria rubra, Hook. FI. I., 98, in part.
Spergula rubra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 175.
Spergularia rubra, var. campestris. Gray, Manual, 95.
Lepigonum rubrum, Fries. Wat. Index, 103.
On comparatively dry soil. Windsor, Halifax and Pictou, N.S.
(Lawson.) Sandy soil; abundant in Fredericton, N.B, (Fowler’s Cat.)
Cacouna, Q. (Buchan.)
(321.) S. salina, Presl. Gray, Manual, 95.
Lepigonum salinum, Fries. Wat. Index, 104.
Brackish sands, along the sea coast. Labrador. (Brunet.) Pennant,
N.S. (Sommers.) Sand on seashore, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Shore of
Gaspé Bay. (J. Bell.) Frequent from the head of the Bay of Chaleur,
around the Gaspé coast, up to Riviére du Loup, Q. (Macoun.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
86. SPERCULA, Linn. (CORN SPURRY.)
(322.) S. arvensis, Linn.
Introduced. A weed in Nova Scotia. (Zawson.) A pestilent weed
in damp soil. N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) A very abundant weed through-
out the Gaspé peninsula, and the south shore of the St. Lawrence.
(Macoun.) Fields and pastures, St. Joachim, Q. (Brunet.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 8t
XVI. PARONYCHIEA.
87. PARONYCHIA, Tourn. (WHITLOW-WORT.)
(323.) P. sessiliflora, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L, 226.
Dry banks of the north Saskatchewan ; between Carlton and Edmon-
ston. (Drummond.) On dry hills and river banks throughout the
southern prairie. (Macoun.)
88. ANYCHIA, Michx. (FORKED CHICKWEED.)
(324.) A. dichotoma, Michx. Fl. L, 113.
A. Canadensis, Elliott. Hook. FI. I., 226.
This plant is introduced into the catalogue on the authority of Hooker,
who is followed by Torrey & Gray. We have no direct proof of its
occurrence within our Jimits.. 5
89. SCLERANTHUS, Linn. (KNAWEL.)
(325.) S. annuus, Linn. Pursh, 315.
Introduced at a few points. Three Rivers, Q. (daclagan.) Port
Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
XVII. PORTULACACEM. Pursuane FAmMity.
/
90. PORTULACA, Tourn. (PURSLANE.)
(326.) P. oleracea, Linn. Common Purslane.
Introduced and become a pestilent weed in all market gardens.
Owing to its tenacity of life and the power of ripening its seeds long
after it has been rooted up, it is very difficult to get rid of. It is found
in waste places and in gardens wherever cultivation has been attempted.
91. LEWISIA, Purshs
(327.) L. rediviva, Pursh.
Abundant on the dry, arid soil around Ashcroft, Thompson River, B.C.
6
82 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Hill & Macoun.) Nicola Valley, and elsewhere in the dry southern
interior of B.C. (Dawson.)
92. CLAYTONIA, Linn. (SPRING BEAUTY.)
(328.) C. linearis, Doug]. Hook. Fl. L, 224.
Abundant on Vancouver Island and as far north on the mainland as
Black Water River and even to the Nechacco. (Macoun.)
(329.) C. parvifolia, Mog.
C. filicaulis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 224.
Rocks; Nootka and Queen Charlotte Islands, on the north-west
coast of America. (Menzies.) Around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. ( Dawson.)
(330.) C. Virginica, Linn. Spring Beauty.
Rich woods. Pictou and Truro, N.S. (Lawson.) Vicinity of
Bathurst, N.B. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Near Montreal. (Cleghorn.)
Very abundant in Ontario. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(331.) ©. Caroliniana, Michx. Broad-leaved Spring Beauty.
C. Virginica, var. spathulefolia, DC. Hook. FI. I., 224.
C. spathuleefolia, Salish. Pursh. 175.
More northern than the preceding. Abundant in Nova Scotia.
(Sommers.) Found at Oxbow, Salmon River; Blackville, Miramichi,
N.B., but not common. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of Bathurst, N.B.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Woods near Cape Despair, Gaspé. (Hlls.) Com-
mon throughout Quebec. (Brunet.) Abundant in eastern Ontario.
(Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Var. sessilifolia, Torrey.
C. lanceolata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 224.
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in rich soil. (Drummond.) Rocky
Mountains in the 8S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) On the mountains of
British Columbia. (Cowley.)
(332.) C. Sibirica, Linn.
C. alsinoides, Sims. Hook. FI. I., 225.
C. Unalaschkensis, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I., 225.
? C. asarifolia, Bong. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 200.
Very abundant along the whole west coast of British Columbia, from
the southern boundary to Cape St. Elias and Sitka.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 83
(333). C. perfoliata, Donn. Hook. FI. I., 225,
Vancouver Island and in the interior of British Columbia, above
Clinton. (JMacoun.) Cascade Mountains. (Dawson.)
Var. parviflora, Torrey.
C. parviflora, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L., 225.
C. gypsophiloides, Fisch. & Mey. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 200.
Common around Victoria, Vancouver Island, and up the Fraser, B.C.
(Macoun.)
Var. (Spathulata,) Torrey.
C. spathulata, Dougl. Hook. FL. L., 226,
On Cedar Hill and other localities around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Hill.)
(334.) C. exigua, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 200.
C. tenuifolia, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 201.
On Cedar Hill and around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(335.) ©. Chamissonis, sch.
C. aquatica, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 201.
C. flagellaris, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 446.
Ounalashka Island and Sitka. (othr. Alask.) Nachacco River, in
pools of water, growing on mud, Northern British Columbia. (Macoun.)
(336.) ©. dichotoma, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. [., 202.
Wet, rocky places, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(337.) ©. sarmentosa, C. A. Meyer.
Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
93. CALANDRINIA, HB K.
(338.) C. Menziesii, Hook.
Talinum Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 223.
C. speciosa, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 197.
On rocks near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(339.) C. pygmezea, Gray.
Talinum pygmeum, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 305 & 308.
May be looked for on the mountains 4long the southern boundary of
British Columbia.
84 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
94. MONTIA, Linn.
(340.) M. fontana, Linn.
Labrador. (Gmelin.) Newfoundland. (Pylaie.) Near Ste. Anne
des Monts, Gaspé, on the coast. (O. D. Allen.) Vancouver Island,
near Victoria, in pools. (Macoun.) Sitka, Ounalashka, Norton Sound
and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.
95. SPRACUEA, Torr.
(341.) S. umbellata, Torr.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
XVIII. ELATINEA Warter-Wort Famity.
96. ELATINE, Linn. (WATER-WORT.)
(342.) E. Americana, Arn.
Peplis Americana, Pursh, 238.
On earth, on the margin of a dry pool, at the northern end of Reed
Lake, Lat. 50° 35’; Long. 107° 20’, N.W.T. (dMacoun.)
XIX. HYPERICACE. Sz. Jonn’s Wort Famity.
97. HYPERICUM, Linn. (ST. JOHN’S WORT.)
(343.) H. pyramidatum, Ait. Great St. John’s Wort.
H. ascyroides, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 109.
H. macrocarpum, Michx. FI. TI., 82.
Low grounds, on rich soil. About Montreal and Quebec. (Michaux.)
Lachine, near Montreal. (Brunet.) Swamp, St. Denis St., Montreal.
(Holmes.) Roadside, north of Madoc, Hastings Co.; Rice Lake Plains,
Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont.; common. (Saunders.)
Bayfield River, Huron Co., Ont. (Gibson.) Fullarton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) :
(344.) H. Kalmianum, Linn. Shrubby St. John’s Wort.
From Niagara Falls to the Sault Ste. Marie, along Lakes Erie and
Huron; abundant. Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 85
(345.) H. ellipticum, Hook. Fl. I, 110.
This fine species extends from Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg, and is
quite common in Quebec and the northern part of Ontario.
(346.) H. perforatum, Linn. Common St. John’s Wort.
Introduced into pastures and by roadsides from, Europe. It extends
from Nova Scotia to western Ontario.
(347.) H. corymbosum, Muhl. Corymbed Hypericum.
HZ. maculatum, Michx. Fl. II., 80.
HT, micranthum, Chois. Hook. FI. I., 109.
Low, damp meadows; rather common. Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
Near Quebec, and Island of Orleans. (Brunet.) Island of Montreal,
Nicolet, and Beleeil, Q. (Maclagan.) Very abundant along the Bruce
peninsula of Lake Huron, and general throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
(348.) H. mutilum, Linn.
A. quinquenervium, Walt. Michx. Fl. II., 79. Hook. Fl. I., 110.
Hi. parviflorum, Willd. Pursh. 377.
Low grounds along river banks, and in moist fields. Abundant from
Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg.
(349.) H. Canadense, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 110.
Wet ground, in sandy soil. Newfoundland. (Morrison.) This
species has nearly the same range as the last; but is not found in the
same situations, as this one seems to prefer, in Ontario, wet, sandy soil.
(350.) H. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. I., 111.
Dry, gravelly soils. Rocky Mountains, in the 8. Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) North-west coast of America. (Scouler.) Interior of
British Columbia. (Cowley.)
(351.) H. anagalloides, Cham. & Schlecht.
In a low, springy place on the top of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(Macoun.) To be looked for along the southern boundary of British
Columbia.
(352.) H. Sarothra, Michx. Fl. IL., 79.
In Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 165, this species is recorded as a native of
Canada. We have no proof of its occurrence, but it may be found on
sandy soil along Lake Erie.
86 GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF CANADA.
98. ELODES, Adns. (MARSH ST. JOHN’S WORT.)
(353.) E. Virginica, Nutt.
Hypericum Virginicum, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 109.
Elodes campanulata, Pursh. 379.
Marshes and borders of woodland brooks and stagnant pools. Com-
mon from Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg, and northward towards
Hudson’s Bay.
XX. MALVACEA. Matziow Fanny.
99. MALVA, Linn. (MALLOW.)
(354.) M. rotundifolia, Linn. Common Mallow.
Introduced. Common along roadsides, in waste places around
dwellings, and in gardens, from Nova Scotia to western Ontario.
(355.) M. sylvestris, Linn. High Mallow.
Introduced. Spontaneous in gardens aud waste places around dwell-
ings. Escaped from gardens in a few places, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Prescott, rare. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.)
Waste places at Belleville, Ont.; Fort Francis, Rainy River, Dawson
Route. (Macoun.) Near Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(536.) M. crispa, Linn. Crisped Mallow.
Spontaneous in some old gardens. Pictou, N.S., rare. (McKay.)
Sometimes found near dwellings, N.B. (Howler’s Cat.) Ottawa, in
gardens. (Fletcher, Il. Ott.) Gardens and waste places at Belleville;
and Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont. (dacoun).
(357.) M. moschata, Linn. Musk Mallow.
Roadsides and pastures; common. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Spon-
taneous in gardens, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) St. Jerome and Mont-
real. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Escaped from gardens at Belleville, Col-
borne, Rice Lake Plains, London and Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)
Waste places around Ottawa. (J’letcher, Fl. Ott.) Island in Detroit
River. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Road-
sides, Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) Very common around London. (Burgess.)
(358.) M. borealis, Wallm. Northern Mallow.
M. obtusa, Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, 225.
Introduced at Sackville, N.S. (Lawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 87
100. MALVASTRUM, Cray. (FALSE MALLOW.)
(359.) M. Munroanunm, Gray.
Malva Munroana, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 106. ;
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(360.) M. coccineum, Gray. Prairie Mallow.
Cristaria coccinea, Pursh, 454.
Sida coccinea, DC. Hook. Fi. T., 108.
Very common on dry clay or gravelly soil in most of the prairie
region from Brandon westward.
\
101. SIDALCEA, Cray.
(361.) S. malvzeflora, Gray.
Sida malvexflora, DC. Hook. FI. I., 108.
Sida Oregana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 234.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, rare. (ZZill.) Mainland, B.C.
(Jones.)
102. ABUTILON, Tourn. (INDIAN MALLOW.)
(362.) A. Avicennze, Gertn. Velvet-leaf.
Sida Abutilon, Linn. Pursh, 453.
Introduced. Waste places, old gardens and potato fields; common
around Belleville. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Dundas, Ont. (Logie.)
Around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Carleton Place, Ont. (MeGill
Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
103. HIBISCUS, Linn. (ROSE MALLOW.)
(363.) H. Moscheutos, Linn. Swamp Rose Mallow.
H. palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 107.
On land, subject to floods. Said, by Gray, to grow near brackish
water. Islandin the Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Marsh where the
road enters on Pelee Point, in coming from Leamington, Ont.
(Macoun.) Roadside near Windsor, Ont. (Dr. Kemp.)
(364.) H. Trionum, Linn. Bladder Ketmia.
Escaped from gardens, rare, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Spontaneous
88 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
in a few gardens and waste places at Belleville. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott..) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity
of Woodstock, Ont. (Millman.)
104. SPHAERALCEA, St. Hilaire.
(365.) S. rivularis, Torr.
Malva rivularis, Dougl. Hook. FI. I., 107. r
S. acerifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 228. Macoun’s Cat., No. 313.
Common on banks from the Pacific to. the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas.) Waterton Lake, Lat. 49°, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Excluded Species.
Sida hederacea, Torr.
Malva hederacca, Dougl. Hook. Fl. IL, 107.
This species, although in Hooker’s Flora, is south of our limits.
XXI. TILIACEA. Linpen Famiry.
105. TILIA, Linn. (LINDEN. BASSWOOD.)
(366.) T. Americana, Linn. Basswood.
T. glabra, Vent. Hook. Fi. I., 108.
T. Canadensis, Michx. Fl. II., 306.
Shore of Grand Lake, at Woodstock and along the St. John River,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Quebec. (Brunet.) On Montreal Mountain,
1821. (Holmes.) River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) Abundant through-
out Ontario, and, as a low tree, as far west as the Lake of the
Woods. (Macoun.) Norway House, at the north end of Lake Winnipeg.
(Richardson.) In the lower valley of the Assiniboine. (Macoun.)
Var. pubescens, Loud.
T. pubescens, Ait. Hook. FI. I., 108.
T. laxiflora., Michx. FI. IL, 306.
About Quebec. (Mrs. Shepherd.) Shores of Lake St. Clair, and near
Sandwich, Ont. (Douglas.)
(367.) T. Europzea, Linn. European Linden.
Planted in Pictou and Halifax, N.S. (cKay.) Extensively planted
about Fredericton, N. B. (owler’s Cat.) Planted in the streets of
many towns in Ontario. Well suited to our climate.
CATALOGUE*OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 89
XXII. LINACEA. Frax Fanny.
106. LINUM, Linn. (FLAX.)
(368.) L. Virginianum, Linn.
Dry woods or sandy thickets. Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) Ca-
nada Southern Railway, one mile east of the Great Western crossing
near Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. ( Todd.)
(369.) L. striatum, Walter.
L. rigidum, Torr. & Gray, FI. L., 204, in part.
Wet or boggy groundsalong the Great Lakes. Toronto Island ; shores
of Lake Huron, Red Bay, Fishing Islands and Oliphant, Bruce Penin-
sula, Ont. (Macoun.)
(370.) L. sulceatum, Riddel.
L. rigidum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 204, in part.
LL. Boottii, Planch. Gray, Manual, 1856.
Dry sandy soil, apparently rare. Rice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co.; Oak Hills, Hastings Co., Ont. On sand in the
Qu’Appelle Valley, a little west of the bridge at Fort Ellice, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)
(371.) L. rigidum, Pursh, 210.
On dry clay soil, rather common on the southern prairie. (ducoun.)
Abundant on the plains of the interior, especially about the Saskatche-
wan. (Richardson.) Milk River and Woody Mountain, N. W. T.
(Dawson.)
(372.) L. perenne, Linn. Prairie Flax.
L. Lewisii, Pursh, 210.
Very common throughout the prairie region and west to the Pacific
Ocean, and north to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Reported from Mar-
mora Lake, Ont., but this is doubtful.
(373.) L. usitatissimum, Linn. Cultivated Flax.
Introduced into many fields and becoming common along all our
railways, from Nova Scotia westward.
90 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .OF CANADA.
XXIII. GERANIACEA. Geranium Famity.
107. CERANIUM, Linn. (CRANESBILL.)
(374.) G. maculatum, Linn. Wild Cranesbill.
Open woods and fence borders. Harbor Grace, Nfld. (MeGili Coll.
Herb.) Halifax Co., N.S. (McKay.) On Montreal Mountain, and at
Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q. Mouth of Rainy River, Dawson
Route. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common throughont Ontario and west-
ward to Rainy River. :
(375.) G. Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey.
G. albiflorum, Hook. FI. I., 116.
G. Hookerianum, Walp. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Macoun’s Cat., No. 326.
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Foot hills of the
Rocky Mountains near the 49th parallel; summit of Pine River Pass,
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) On the borders of coulées and in thickets in the
southern prairie region, and especially in ravines on the Cypress Hills,
N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(376.) G. Fremonti, Torrey.
Woody Mountain in sheltered valleys, abundant. Also growing
abundantly in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Very
abundant at Fort Walsh and the “ Head of the Mountain” and western
slope of the Cypress Hills, also in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains
on Bow River. (Macoun.)
(377) G. incisum, Nutt.
G. albiflorum var. (?) incisum, Torr. & Gray, Fi. I., 206.
Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Near Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)
(378.) CG. erianthum, DC.
G. maculatum, var. (., Hook. Fl. I., 116.
North-west America. (Douglas.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (othr.
Alask.)
(379.) G. pratense, Linn. Meadow Cranesbill.
Escaped from cultivation near St. John, N.B. (owler’s Cat.)
(380.) G. Carolinianum, Linn. Carolina Cranesbill.
Very abundant in lately burnt woods and in thickets along river
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 91
banks and sandy or barren soil from Nova Scotia to the Pacific, and
far to the north.
(881.) G. Robertianum, Linn. Herb Robert.
Moist woods and shaded rocky ravines. Pictou and other parts of
Nova Scotia, rather common. (MeKay.) Lower Norton, and Quaco
Cliffs, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Coast of Gaspé above Point Fame and
westward throughout Quebee and Ontario to the Lake of the Woods.
(Macoun.)
(382.) &. pusillum, Linn. Small-flowered Cranesbill:
Introduced from Europe in the neighborhood of cities and towns.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) In the streets of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(383.) G. molile, Linn. Soft Cranesbill.
Introduced from Europe. Very common around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)
108. ERODIUM, L’Her. (STORKESBILL.)
(384.) E. cicutarium, L’Her.
Very abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
Naturalized at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fi. Ott.) In the vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Buchan.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(385.) E. moschatum, Willd. Musky Storksbill.
Naturalized in some gardens at Ottawa. (Wletcher.) Growing wild
in a garden at Lake La Mab, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
109. FLERKEA, Willd. (FALSE MERMAID.)
(386.) F. proserpinacoides, Willd.
F. uliginosa, Muhl. Macoun’s Cat., No. 332.
Nectris pinnata, Pursh, 239.
Tn low, rich woods and on river margins. Nun’s Island, near Mont-
real. (Holmes.) ‘Low, rich woods, vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess. )
Abundant on an island in the Detroit River opposite Amherstburgh,
Ont. On the margin of pools in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)
$
oS
lo
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
110. IMPATIENS, Linn. (WILD BALSAM.)
(387.) I. fulva, Nutt. Spotted Touch-me-not.
I. biflora, Walt. Pursh, 171.
I. nolitangere, 8., Michx. FI. IT., 149.
Throughout Canada; and as far north as Bear Lake, Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Abundant around springs and in small rills from the
Magdalen Islands and Nova Scotia to the Peace River.
(388,) I. pallida, Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not.
I. nolitangere, Michx. FI. IT., 149.
Cedar swamps, along rills, and by springs. Montreal Mountain.
(Holmes.) Gaspé coast at Mont St. Louis; abundant at Niagara Falls,
below the Clifton House; Royston Park, Owen Sound. (Macoun.)
Burlington Bay, Lake Ontario. (Zogie.) St. Catherines, Ont. (dfac-
lagan.) Western Ontario on Lake Huron, (Gibson.) Vicinity of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.)
St. John’s, Peace River. (Macoun.)
111. OXALIS, Linn. (WOOD-SORREL.)
(389.) O. Acetosella, Linu. Common Wood-Sorrel.
Deep, cold woods, from Nova Scotia through New Brunswick,
Quebec and northern Ontario to the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.)
As far north as the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
(390.) O. Oregana, Nutt.
O. Acetosella, Hook. Fl. I., 118, in part.
North-west coast of America, (Douglas.) Woods on the Lower
Fraser, B.C. (Cowley.)
(391.) O. corniculata, Linn.
0. pilosa & pumila, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 212.
Freshwater, near Halifax, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On dry soil
at various points in the southern prairie region; not common.
(Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan plains. (Bourgeau.)
Var. stticta, Sav.
O. stricta, Linn. Hook. Fl. I.,118. Macoun’s Cat., No. 335.
0. Dillenii, Jacq. Pursh, 323.
O. Lyoni, Pursh, 322.
Common along river margins, amongst gravel, from Nova Scotia to
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 93
the Lake of the Woods. Also, at Emerson, Manitoba. Distinguished
from the type by the absence of stipules. This species should be care-
fully examined when found, and distinguishing characters noted.
XXIV. RUTACHA. Rue Famity.
112. XANTHOXYLUM, Colden. (PRICKLY ASH.)
(392.) X. Americanum, Mill. Northern Prickly Ash.
X. fraxineum, Willd. Hook. FI. I, 118.
X. ramiflorum, Michx. Fl. IT., 235.
X. tricarpum, Hook. Fl. 118, not Michx.
Low grounds, usually along streams, common from Montreal (Brunet)
to the western part of Ontario, along the Georgian Bay.
113. PTELEA, Linn. (HOP TREE.)
(393.) P. trifoliata, Linn. Shrubby Trefoil. \
Confined to the shores of Lake Erie. Pelee Island and west side of
Pelee Point. (Macoun.)
114. ALIANTHUS, Desf. (TREE OF HEAVEN.)
(394.) A. glandulosus, Desf.
This tree has been planted in Prince Edward Co., Ont., at Belleville,
and at Niagara Falls. In all these localties it grows freely, and throws
up suckers from its roots. It seems as much at home as the Locust
tree.
XXV. ILICINEA. Hotty Faminy.
(15. ILEX, Linn. (HOLLY.)
(395.) I. verticillata, Gray.
Prinos verticillatus, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 121.
P. Gronovii, Michx. Fl. IT., 236.
Low grounds and swamps. Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.)
Not rare in swamps. (Fowler's Cat.) Borders of marshes, Gaspé
Basin. (Macoun.) On gneiss rocks and swamps in open places, River
94 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Moist
thickets and swamps near Prescott Junction, Ont. (Billings.) Borders
of ponds and marshes throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) Wolfe
Island, Chippewa, and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
116. NEMOPANTHES, Raf. (MOUNTAIN HOLLY.)
(396.) N. Canadensis, DC.
Tlex Canadensis, Michx. Fl. IL, 229.
Cold, wet woods and swamps. Halifax Co. and Pictou, N.S. (Me Kay.)
In cold, wet woods N.B.; common. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in
woods, Gaspé peninsula. (Macoun.) Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Common on gneiss rocks and in swamps, River Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.)
Swamps around Ottawa; common. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Moist ground
near Prescott Junction, Ont.; rare. (Billings.) Peat bog, 5 miles
north of Colborne; swamps near Partridge Lake, Addington Co. ;
tamarac swamp, North Hastings, Ont. (dacoun.) Vicinity of Lon-
don, Ont.; very common in Muskoka. (Burgess.)
Eixeluded Species.
Ilex opaca, Ait., and I. glabra, Gray, are reported from Halifax, N.S.,
by Dr. Sommers, in a catalogue of Nova Scotian plants, published in
the Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Sciences, 1875-
76. Hooker, on the authority of Pursh, credits those species to Canada.
IT exclude them on the ground of insufficient evidence, and because
their range in the United States is south of our limits.
XXVI. CELASTRACE. Srarr-rree FAmity.
117. CELASTRUS, Linn. (STAFF-TREE.)
(397.) ©. scandens, Linn. Wax-work. Bitter-Sweet.
C. bullatus, Linn. Pursh, 168.
On the borders of rivers in Quebec. (Brunet.) On Montreal moun-
tain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common in Ontario; climbing high over
bushes and young trees, in thickets, and along rivers, from Ottawa
(Fletcher) to Mamaisne, east coast of Lake Superior. (BR. Bell.) Valley
of the Assiniboine, east of Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 95
118. EVONYMUS, Tourn. (SPINDLE-TREE.)
(398.) E. Americanus, L. var. obovatus, Torr. & Gray.
Low, wet places in the western peninsula of Ontario. Near Amherst-
burgh, and on the line of the Canada Southern Railway, at Bismark,
Ont. (Macoun.) Hills around Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Banks of
Lake St. Clair. (Douglas.) Mountain side, near Mr. Whyte’s house,
Hamilton. (ogie.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.) The typical
form may be found at Niagara.
(399.) E. atropurpureus, Jacq. Burning Bush.
Shady woods or open thickets. On White Island, opposite Amherst-
burgh, in the Detroit River. (JMacoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
119. PACHYSTIMA, Raf.
(400.) P. Myrsinites, Raf.
Ilex (?) Myrsinites, Pursh, 119.
Myginda myrtifolia, Nutt. Hook. Fl. 1., 120.
Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 259.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Valleys of the Rocky
Mountains, particularly abundant near the sources of the Columbia, in
Lat. 52? and Long. 118° W. (Douglas.) Woods of Portage River, west
side of Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Very abundant on Vancouver
Island around Victoria; at Yale on Cascade Mountains, and in the
woods northwards to Fort Macleod, B.C., in Lat.55°. (Aacoun.) Also
generally in localities with cool moist climate at great elevations even
in the southern interior of British Columbia. ( Dawson.)
XXVIL RHAMNACEA. Bouckruorn Famity.
120. CEANOTHUS, Linn. (NEW JERSEY TEA.)
(401.) ©. Americanus, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 124.
C. perennis, Pursh, 167.
C. intermedius, Pursh, 167.
C. sanguineus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 265.
On dry gravelly hills and along the dry banks of rivers. Abundant
throughout Ontario, but apparently unknown eastward.
96 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(402.) C. ovatus, Desf.
C. ovalis, Bigel. Macoun’s Cat., No. 359.
C. intermedius, Hook. FL I., 124, not Pursh.
Dry gravelly banks, very rare. Along the Grand Trunk Railway a
little east of Shannonville Station, Hastings Co., St. Norah’s Lake,
Ridout Township, Victoria Co., Ont. Very abundant on a high terrace
20 miles up the Kaministiqua above Fort William, Lake Superior ;
Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Route. (Macoun.) Gore Bay, Grand Mani-
toulin Island, Lake Huron. (J. Beil.) Upper Canada. (Goldie.)
Lake Huron. (Todd.)
(403.) C. velutinus, Dougl. Hook. FL I., 125.
Sub-alpine hills near the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Along
the Fraser above Boston Bar; and on the upper slopes of Stuart Lake
Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. leevigatus, Torr. & Gray, FL 1, 265.
C. levigatus, Hook. Fi. I., 125.
On the Waggon Road, west of Jackass Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains, in the S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Nootka.
(Menzies.)
(404.) C. sanguineus, Pursh, 167.
C. Oreganus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 265. Macoun’s Cat., No. 358.
Frequent in many parts of British Columbia, from the coast to Stuart
Lake. (Macoun.)
121. RHAMNUS, Tourn. (BUCKTHORN,)
(405.) R. alnifolia, L’Her.
R. franguloides, Michx. Fl. I., 153.
R. alpinus, Richards. in Frankl. Journ.,6, not Linn.
In cold swamps and wet meadows. In swamps, mouth of Hel River,
Restigouche; near Green Head, St. John, N.B. Rare. (Fowler’s Cat.)
St. Francis River, N.B. (Hay.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (J. Brittain.)
Common in Quebec and Ontario, and westward in the wooded country
to the Rocky Mountains. Oxford House, Knee Lake and Hill River,
north of Lake Winnipeg. (R. Beil.)
(406.) R. Purshiana, DC. Hook. Fl. L., 123.
R. alnifolius, Pursh, 166, not L’Her.
Nootka. (Menzies.) To be looked for on Vancouver Island and
along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 97
(407.) R. cathartica, Linn. Buckthorn.
Frequently planted for hedges and then left to run wild, as at Belle-
ville and Castleton, Ont.
XXVIII. VITACE®. Vine Fanny.
122. VITIS, Tourn. (GRAPE.)
(408.) V. Labrusca, Linn. Northern Fox-Grape.
Moist thickets, along Lake Erie. Abundant on Pelee Point and
Pelee Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(409.) V. cordifolia, Lam. Frost Grape.
V. vulpina, Muhl. Hook. FI. I., 115.
Annapolis, N.S. (Zawson.) Very abundant throughout Ontario ;
and often producing almost impenetrable thickets in river and stream
valleys. Frequent in Quebec, from the Island of Orleans westward.
Valley of the Red River, near Emerson. (Dawson.) Said to grow in
profusion in the valley of the Assiniboine and north-west of Portago
la Prairie, Man. The writer has never noticed it in any part of the
North-west, except the Assiniboine valley.
(410.) V. riparia, Michx. Fl. IT., 231.
V. cordifolia, var. riparia, Gray, Manual, 113.
This and the preceding species grow in the same situations, and are
often confounded, This species may be easily known by its deeply
lobed, smaller and thinner leaves. On the shore of Grand Lake, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Frequent in western Ontario. (Macoun.) Extending
to the south end of Lake Winnipeg, in Lat. 52°. (&ichardson.)
123. AMPELOPSIS, Michx. (VIRGINIAN CREEPER.) »
(411.) A. quinquefolia, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 114.
Cissus hederacea, Pers. Pursh, 170.
River banks and low thickets, from Grosse Isle, Quebec, to the valley
of the Assiniboine, Man. Common in cultivation. Not reported from
the Maritime Provinces, except as a cultivated species.
7
98 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
XXIX. SAPINDACEAE. Soapperry Faminy.
124. STAPHYLEA, Linn. (BLADDER-NUT.)
(412.) §&. trifolia, Linn. American Bladder-Nut.
Moist ot rich thickets, and river banks. St. Martin’s, Quebec.
(Holmes.) Frequent, from Ottawa to the Georgian Bay. A beautiful
shrub and worthy of cultivation.
125. ESCULUS, Linn. (HORSE-CHESTNUT,)
(413.) 4. Hippocastanum, Linn. Horse-chestnut.
This tree is extensively cultivated from the Atlantic to Lake Huron.
The native species have been introduced in a number of places and
succeed well. i. glabra, Willd. (Ohio Buckeye) is seen at Trenton
and Toronto, and the Red Buckeye in Toronto and London.
125. ACER, Tourn. (MAPLE.)
(414.) A. Pennsylvanicum, Linn. Striped Maple.
A, striatum, DuRoi. Pursh, 267.
Cool, rocky, or sandy woods. Not scarce in Nova Scotia. (Mc Kay.)
Rich woods, N.B. Common. (Lowler’s Cat.) Very common in Quebec
and northern Ontario, and west to Lake Superior.
(415.) A. spicatum, Lam. Mountain Maple.
A. montanum, Ait. Hook. FI. IL, 111. ‘
Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Very common in damp or wet woods,
from Nova Scotia to the westera part of Lake Winnipegosis and Red
Deer River and Porcupine Mountain, Man., Lat. 53°. (Macoun.)
James’s Bay and north-westward to Island Lake, above York Factory.
(R. Beil.)
(416.) A. macrophyllum, Pursh. Broad-leaved Maple.
This species grows to a large size on Vancouver Island and in the
valley of the Fraser, below Yale, B.C. It is a magnificent tree and must
be very beautiful in cultivation.
(417.) A. circinatum, Pursh. Vine Maple.
Very common in the lower valley of the Fraser and on Vancouver
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 99
Island. This species forms almost impenetrable thickets in the forests
on the west coast.
(418.) A. glabrum, Torrey.
A. barbatum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 118.
A. tripartitum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 247.
Valleys, near springs, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains,
about the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Vancouver Island and
at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. In the Bow River Pass, above Morley,
(Macoun.) 8. Kootanie Pass and mountains near Waterton Lake.
(Dawson.)
(419.) A. saccharinum, Wang. Sugar Maple.
A. barbatum, Michx. Fl. IT., 252.
Head of the Bay of St. George, Nfld. (J Bell.) Very common
in suitable localities, from Nova Scotia to the western end of Lake
Superior, and thence in a few isolated patches to the Lake of the
Woods. Northward, it extends to Lake St. John and Lake Temiscam-
ang on the Ottawa. North of Lake Superior, it extends to the Long
Portage on the Michipicotin River. (R. Bell.)
Var. nigrum, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 248.
A. saccharinum, Michx. FI. II., 252.
A, nigrum, Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. IT., 238.
Apparently a common tree, from Ottawa, westward throughout
Ontario. It may be known from the ordinary form by its paler and
more pubescent leaves. ®
(420.) A. dasycarpum, Ebrh. Silver, or White Maple.
A, eriocarpum, Michx. FI. IL, 253.
* Apparently a rare tree in the east. A few trees at Harris’ Cove on
the Kennebeccasis; vicinity of Fredericton, N.B.; mouth of the Nash-
waaksis, and shore of Grand Lake. (owler’s Cat.) Rare along the
River St. Francis, Q. (Brunet.) Very abundant from Ottawa west-
ward, throughout Ontario. In the neighborhood of Belleville it is par-
ticularly abundant, and the fine shade trees er sdorn that city are
taken from the low grounds in the vicinity. ‘i
(421.) A. rubrum, Linn. Red, or Soft-Maple.””
A. coccineum, Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. II., 203.
Very common in swamps and low woods from the Atlantic to the
Mud Portage on the Dawson Route. Slightly more northern in its
range than the sugar maple. (R. Bell.)
100 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
126. NECUNDO, Moench. (ASH-LEAVED MAPLE.)
(422.) N. aceroides, Mcnch. Box-Elder.
Acer Negundo, Linn. Pursh, 268.
Negundo fraxinifolium, Nutt. Hook. Fl. 1, 114.
A few trees of this species are found near Toronto, in the valley of
the Humber, about two miles from its mouth. Eleven miles up the
Kaministiquia, west of Lake Superior. On an island in the Lake of
the Woods. Abundant in all the valleys of the tributaries of the Red
River and of the Saskatchewan, coming from the south; also abundant
on the streams flowing into Lake Winnipegosis. It grows very rapidly
when planted in any part of Ontario. This is the “sugar maple” of
Manitoba and the North-west, and is destined to be the shade tree of all
the prairie cities.
XXX. ANACARDIACEA, Sumacu Famity.
127. RHUS, Linn. (SUMACH.)
(423.) R. typhina, Linn. Stag-horn Sumach.
R. viridifloru, DC. Prod. II., 67.
On dry, rocky, or gravelly knolls, or along river margins, or in fence
corners. Conmon in suitable localities, from Nova Scotia to the west
coast of Lake Huron.
(424.) R. glabra, Linn. Smooth Sumach.
Canada, and as far north as the Saskatchewan. (?) (Richardson.)
Chain Lakes, N.S. (Sommers.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders. )
Very abundant on dry, rocky ground, along the Rivers Moira and
Trent; also, at Queenston Heights and around Amherstburg, Ont.;
Lake Nemikin, Dawson Route, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Very likely overlooked in many parts of the country.
(425.) R. copallina, Linn. Dwarf Sumach.
Rocky places; very rare in Canada. Thousand Islands, River St.
Lawrence. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.)
(426.) R. venenata, DC. Poison Sumach.
Occasional in swamps in western Ontario; Westminster Ponds, Lon-
don, Ont. (Burgess.) Swamps near Weston, Ont. (Tyrrell.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 101
(427.) R. Toxicodendron, Linn. Poison Ivy.
R. Toxicodendron, var. quercifolium, Michx. F1. I., 183.
Common in thickets and in fence corners, from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan, at Fort Edmonton. (Macoun.) Woods near Yale, B.C.
(ill.)
Var. radicans, Torrey.
R. radicans, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 127.
R. Toxicodendron, var. a, vulgare, Michx. FI. T., 183.
Climbing frequently over fifty feet up both dead and living trunks,
in the forest west of St. Thomas, on the line of the Canada Southern
Railway, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) A
very distinct variety, which almost deserves the rank of a species.
(428.) R. diversiloba, Torr. & Gray.
R. lobata, Hook. F1. I., 127, not Poir.
On the outskirts of woods in dry soils of North-west America.
(Douglas.)
(429.) R. aromatica, Ait. Fragrant Sumach.
Dry soil along river banks and on waste, rocky ground. Abundant
along the rivers Moira and Trent, Rice Lake Plains, and at Amherst-
burg, Ont. (Macoun.) Banks of Niagara and Detroit Rivers. (Mac-
lagan.) Wolfe Island, opposite Kingston; Whiskey Island, Lake
Huron. (J Bell.) Maline River, Dawson Route. (Macoun.)
Var. trilobata, Gray.
R. trilobata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 219.
Dry, barren soil on river banks. At the Elbow of the South Sas-
katchewan, near Strong Current Creek, N.W.T. (JMacoun.) Bad lands
south of Woody Mountain, and eastward to Pyramid Creek on the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.)
XXXI. LEGUMINOS/A. Psa Famtiny.
128. THERMOPSIS, R. Brown.
(430.) T. rhombifolia, Richards.
Cytisus rhombifolius, Nutt. Pursh, 741.
Abundant on dry, open prairie, from Manitoba to the Rocky Moun-
tains. Especially common northwest-ward from Moose Mountain to
102 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Edmonton. (Macoun.) First Crossing of the Souris River and west-
ward, in damp spots on the prairie and hillsides, N. W. T. (Dawson.)
(431.) T. montana, Nuit.
T. fabacea, Hook. Fl. I., 128, not DC. Macoun’s Cat., No. 489.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
129. LUPINUS, Tourn. (LUPINE.
(432.) L. littoralis, Dougl.
L. versicolor, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, FI. L, 376.
LL. Nutkatensis, var. glaber, Hook. Fl. I., 163.
Along the coast of British Columbia, near the southern boundary.
(Dougias.) On the coast of Vancouver Island. (Watson.) The root of
this plant is eaten, and called “Chinook Liquorice.”
(433.) L. perennis, Lion. Perennial Lupine.
Dry, sandy soil; not uncommon west of Toronto, also on the G.T. R.
track near Sarnia. Common on Rice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Very common in the vicinity
of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Plains of the Riviére aux Sables, south of
Lake Huron. (Gibson.) Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Bosanquet,
Ont. (MrGill Coll. Herb.)
(434.) L. arcticus, Watson, Rev. Lup., 526.
L. perennis, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 163, in part.
Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Cape Mulgrave, in Behr-
ing’s Straits. (Beechy.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Van-
couver Island. (C..B. Wood.) Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Polar Sea.
(Dean & Simpson.) Both east and west of Mackenzie River, on the
coast. (Simpson.)
(435.) L. sericeus, Pursh, 468.
On dry ground, above Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)
(436.) L. leucophyilus, Dougl.
. L. plumosus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 165.
Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
(437.) L. ornatus, Doug).
LL. leucopsis, Agardh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 378.
L, urgenteus, Agardh. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 377, in part.
Near the source of the Columbia; sparingly. (Douglas.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 103
(438.) L. laxiflorus, Dougl.
LL. arbustus, Dougl. Hook. FI. I., 164.
Columbia River. (Douglas.) Vancouver Island. ( Watson.)
(439.) L. argenteus, Pursh, var. argophyllus, Watson.
Very abundant on the top of the Cypress Hills, east of Fort Walsh.
Flowers blue or ochroleucous. (Macoun.) South of Woody Mountain,
on the 49th parallel, and at Wood End; also, Belly River. (Dawson.)
(440.) L. Kingii, Watson. Rev. Lup., 534.
Dry sand hills, five miles west of the northern Elbow of the South
Saskatchewan. Western end of Stinking Lake, north of the Cypress
Hills, east of the Battleford Trail, N.W.T. (dacoun.) Along the Belly
River. (Dawson.)
(441.) L. minimus, Doug].
Mountain valleys near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
(442.) L. Lyallii,, Gray.
Alpine summits of the Cascades, on the British Columbia southern
boundary. (Lyail.)
(443.) L. micranthus, Dougl., var. bicolor, Watson.
L. bicolor, Lindl. Hook. Fl. L, 162. Macoun’s Cat., No. 382.
Abundant in the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at
Yale, B.C., on the mainland. (dMacoun.)
(444.) L. Nootkatensis, Donn.
Jasper House, east of Yellow-Head Pass. (Burke.) Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Port Moody, B. C. (Hill.) From Vancouver
Island to the Aleutian and St. Paul Islands. (Ledebour.) Fort Youcon.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. Unalaskensis, Watson. Rev. Lup., 524.
Ounalashka Island. (Eschscholtz.) Port Mulgrave. (Barclay.)
(445.) L. polyphyllus, Lindl.
L. Nootkatensis, var. glaber, Hook. Fi. I., 163.
Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoky River, in Lat. 55°. (Drum-
mond.) Pine Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 55°, (Dawson.) Along
the trail, between Fort St. James and Fort Macleod, B.C. (Macoun.)
104 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Excluded Species,
Lupinus pusillus, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 162.
South of our limits.
L. lepidus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 163. Macoun’s Cat., No. 390.
South of our limits.
L. aridus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I, 165.
May be found on the Upper Columbia, in British Columbia.
L. Sabinii, Doug]. Hook. Fl. J., 166. Macoun’s Cat., No. 383.
South of our limits.
L. sulphureus, Doug]. Hook. FI. I., 166.
South of our limits.
130. ULEX, Linn. (COMMON GORSE, OR WHIN.)
(446.) U. Europzeus, Linn. Whin.
Growing wild in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. Escaped
from cultivation. (Macoun.)
i31, SAROTHAMNUS, Linn. (BROOM.)
(447.) S. scoparius, Koch. Common Broom.
Cytisus scoparius, DC. Macoun’s Cat., No. 495.
Abundant in thickets around Victoria, Vancouver Island. Escaped
from cultivation. (Macoun.). Naturalized at Shelbourne, N.S. (dr.
P. Jack.)
{32. TRIFOLIUM, Linn. (CLOVER. TREFOIL.)
(448.) T. megacephalum, Nutt. Great-headed Clover.
Lupinaster macrocephalus, Pursh, 479.
In the mountains on the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(Lyail.)
(449.) T. longipes, Nutt. Long-stemmed Clover.
Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. ( Watson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 105
(450.) T. arvense, Linn. Rabbit-foot, or Stone Clover.
Naturalized, in old fields, from Europe. Richibucto, N.B. Along
the railway track, near St. John, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Common at
Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher FI.
Ott.) Brockville road, near Conway’s Creek, Ont. (Billings.)
Necropolis, Toronto, and at Niagara Falls. (dacoun.) Dundurn
Castle, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
(451.) T. pratense, Linn. Common Red Clover.
Cultivated throughout Canada, and found everywhere along the
borders of fields.
(452.) T. reflexum, Linn. Buffalo Clover.
T. Pennsylvanicun, DC. Wook. FI. I., 181.
Only found in south-western Ontario, on islands in the Detroit River.
(Maclagan.) About Sandwich and Amhertsburg. (Douglas.)
(453.) T. repens, Linn. White, or Dutch Clover.
Very common by waysides, in pastures and meadows, and borders of
woods. Naturalized, or possibly indigenous.
(454.) T. involucratum, Willd.
T. Wormshioldii, Lehm. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 692.
T. fimbriatum, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 133. Macoun’s Cat., Nos. 397 & 398.
T. spinulosum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 133. \
Abundant on Vancouver Island, around Victoria. (Macoun.)
Var. heterodon, Watson.
T. heterodon, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 318.
Along the coast of British Columbia, as far north as Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.)
(455.) T. tridentatum, Lindl.
T. involucratum, Smith. Hook. FI. I., 133.
T. aciculare, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fi. I., 319.
T. polyphyllum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 319.
Common around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(456.) T. pauciflorum, Nutt. Macoun’s Cat., Nos. 393, 400.
T. microcephalum, var. glubrum, Hook. FI. I., 132.
T. variegatum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 317.
Abundant on rocks close to the shore, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)
106 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(457.) T. microcephalum, Pursh.
Growing with the preceding, but quite hairy, and with more com-
pact heads, with more and smaller flowers. (Macoun.)
(458.) T. microdon, Hook. & Arn.
Southern boundary of British Columbia. (Lyail.)
(459.) T. depauperatum, Desv.
T. amplectans, Macoun’s Cat., No. 399.
Quite common in the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)
(460.) T. agrarium, Linn. Hop-Clover.
_Sparingly introduced in some localities. Fields, Bedford, N. S.
(Lawson.) Queensbury ; common near Fredericton and other localities,
N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Between Trenton and the Carrying Place at the
head of the Bay of Quinte, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Chatham, Ont., and near Montreal, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) ‘
(461.) T. procumbens, Linn. Low Hop-Clover.
Naturalized in old fields and parks. Pictou and Windsor, N.S., not
common. (McKay.) Sparingly in sandy ground at Richibucto, also
at Grand Menan and St. Andrews, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Vicinity of
Quebec. (Brunet.) Beauharnois County, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Roadside, west of Ottawa. (Whyte.) Point Henry, at Kingston; and
University Park, Toronto. (Macoun.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(462.) T. hybridum, Linn. Alsick.
Cultivated fields and along fences. This species is extensively culti-
vated both in Ontario and the eastern provinces.
(463.) T. resupinatum, Linn. Reversed Trefoil.
On ballast heaps at St. John, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Vicinity of
Quebec. (Ami.)
(464.) T. ornithopodioides, Linn. Bird’s-foot Trefoil.
Sparingly introduced on ballast heaps at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
133. MELILOTUS, Tourn. (MELILOT.)
(465.) M. alba, Lam. Sweet Clover.
M. officinalis, Pursh. Hook. FI. L., 180.
M. leucantha, Koch. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 321.
CATALOGUE OF GANADIAN PLANTS. 107
Naturalized. Roadsides, waste places, and in old gardens in the
neighborhood of cities and towns.
(466.) M. officinalis, Willd. Yellow Melilot.
Naturalized at Pictou and Halifax, N.S. In New Brunswick, and at
Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Belleville, Toronto, and London.
134, MEDICACO, Linn. (MEDICK,)
(467.) M. lupulina, Linn. Black Medick.
Very abundant on roadsides, in cultivated fields, and waste places
generally throughout Ontario. Itis also naturalized in the Maritime
Provinces and Quebec; and frequent in British Columbia.
(468.) M. denticulata, Willd. Bur-Clover.
Introduced at St. John, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Introduced at Dundas,
Ont., in wool, from Brazil. (Hynes.)
(469.) M. sativa, Linn. Lucerne.
Introduced into sandy fields near Wooler, Northumberland Co., Ont.,
and at Royston Park, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Niagara Fallsand near
Toronto. (Burgess.)
(470.) M. maculata, Willd. Spotted Medick.
Introduced with ballast from Hurope. Carleton, N.B. (Hay.)
135. LOTUS, Linn. (LOTUS.)
(471.) L. corniculatus, Koch.
Apparently naturalized at Fairville, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Found
at Ballast wharf, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
136. HOSACKIA, Dougl. (HOSACKIA.)
(472.) H. bicolor, Dougl. Hook. FI. I., 134.
On the Columbia, near its source in British Columbia. (Dougias.)
(473.) H. decumbens, Benth. Hook. Fl. I., 134.
Along the coast of southern British Columbia, and possibly on the
south coast of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
108 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(474.) H. parviflora, Benth. Hook. Fl. I., 134.
On grassy slopes along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)
(475.) H. Purshiana, Benth.
HH. unifoliata, Hook. FI. I., 135.
Lotus sericeus, Pursh, 489.
H. pilosa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 327 & 692.
H. elata, floribunda, and mollis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 327.
Along the shores of southern British Columbia. (Cowley.)
137. PSORALEA, Linn. (PSORALEA.)
(476.) P. argophylla, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 136.
Dry soils on the banks of the Red River, Lat. 50°, to the Saskatche-
wan, in Lat. 54°, from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drummond.) Very
abundant on the whole prairie region from the Red River to the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)
(477.) P. esculenta, Pursh. “ Cree Turnip.”
P. brachiata, Doug]. Hook. FI. I., 187.
Plains of the Saskatchewan from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drum-
mond.) Abundant on dry, sandy soil from the Red River to the Rocky
Mountains.
(478.) P. lanceolata, Pursh.’ Hook. Fl. I, 135.
P. elliptica, Pursh, 741.
P. laxiflora & scabra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 299 & 300.
On the Saskatchewan from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drummond.)
Near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.) On the sand hills on the
“ River that Turns,” and at Gull Lake, north of Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)
(479.) P. physodes, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 136.
Open, sandy and gravelly soils along the upper part of the Columbia.
(Douglas.)
138. AMORPHA, Linn. (FALSE INDIGO.)
(480.) A. canescens, Nutt. Lead Plant.
Abundant on the plains of the Red River, in Lat. 50°. (Douglas.)
On a piece of bushy ground at Portage la Prairie, Man, 1872.
(Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 109
(481.) A. fruticosa, Linn. False Indigo.
Limestone rocks between Winnipeg and Selkirk, along the Red
River, its most northern range. (Douglas.)
(482.) A. microphyila, Pursh. Macoun’s Cat., No. 422
A. nana, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I, 139.
Abundant on ‘the plains of the Red River, in Lat. 50°. ( Douglas.)
Common along the Assiniboine, between Portage la Prairie and Bran-
don. (Macoun).)
139. PETALOSTEMON, Michx. (PRAIRIE CLOVER.)
(483.) P. candidus, Michx. White-flowered Prairie Clover.
Banks of the Saskatchewan, and upon the Red Deer and Eagle Hills
of that river. (Drummond.) On the Red River. (Douglas.) Very
abundant on the slopes of gravel hills throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.)
(484.) P. violaceus, Michx. Purple-flowered Prairie Clover.
P. villosus, Nutt. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
In the same situations as the preceding species, but a much more
beautiful and showy plant.
140. CLYCYRHIZA, Tourn. (WILD LIQUORICE.)
(485.) G. lepidota, Pursh. Liquorice Root.
Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo, at the foot of Lake Erie. (Judge Clinton.)
Sand hills, mouth of Rainy River, Lake of the Woods. Throughout
the prairie region, in thickets or along river banks, and northward to
Lake Athabasca, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Nelson River, between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson’s Bay. (R. Beil.)
Abundant on the Red, Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and Athabasca
Rivers. (Drummond & Douglas.)
Var. glutinosa, Watson, Bot. Cal. I, 144.
G. glutinosa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 298. Macoun’s Cat., No. 459.
In the upper valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Along the southern
border of British Columbia. (Lyail.)
110 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
141. ROBINIA, Linn. (LOCUST-TREE.)
(486.) R. Pseudacacia, Linn. Common Locust.
Cultivated and growing spontanéously from both suckers and seeds.
From Nova Scotia to western Ontario. It becomes a large tree and is
often 60 feet high.
(487.) P. viscosa, Vent. Clammy Locust.
P. hispida, Macoun’s Cat., No. 424.
Cultivated with the preceding, but never attaining a large size.
Both species are very showy and are much valued for ornamental
purposes.
142. ASTRACALUS, Linn. (MILK VETCH.)
(488.) A. lentiginosus, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I., 151.
A, diaphanus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I, 151.
Barren grounds in the valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Nicola
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
(489.) A. caryocarpus, Ker. Hook. Fl. I, 150.
Hilly grounds of the Saskatchewan, especially about Carlton. (Doug-
las.) Quite common on the prairie, from the Red River, westward.
Tt grows in large tufts, which lie flat on the ground in fruit. (JJacoun.)
(490.) A. Lyallii, Gray.
Probably in the mountains, along the southern boundary of British
Columbia. (Lyall.)
(491.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Canadian Milk Vetch.
A. Carolinianus, Linn. Pursh, 472.
River banks and rocky margins of fields. Vicinity of Quebec to the
Rocky Mountains, and north to Nelson River, near TWudson’s Bay.
(492.) A. adsurgens, Pall. Hook. Fl. 1., 149.
A. striatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 330.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and Assiniboine Rivers, as far as the
mountains. (Richardson.) Very abundant on the prairie, from the
Red River to the Rocky Mountains, and north to Green Lake, Lat 56°.
(Macoun.) Nelson River, between Lake Winnipeg and the coast of
Hudson’s Bay. (#. Bell.) Common along the 49th parallel, and at
Woody Mountain. . (Dawson.)
Ly
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 111
(493.) A. hypoglottis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 148.
A. goniatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 330.
Dry hills of the Saskatchewan, and on the Eagle and Red Deer Hills
of the same river, also on Red River, near Pembina. (Douglas.) Very
abundant on the eastern prairie region and north to Peace River, east
of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) East coast of Hudson’s Bay,
Hayes River, and along Nelson River, near Hudson’s Bay. (&. Beil.)
Red River Prairie, First Crossing of Souris River, and Traders’ Road,
north of Woody Mountain, N.W.T. (Dawson.) Point Barrow and
eastward along the Arctic coast. (Capt. Pullen.) Fort Youcon. (W.
HT, Dail.)
(494.) A. Drummondii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 153.
Eagle and Red Deer Hills of the Saskatchewan, also Carlton House.
(Douglas.) On the Hand Hills and the hilly region to the east; also,
on the Cypress Hills west of Fort Walsh, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(495.) A. racemosus, Pursh, 740.
Abundant on the Dirt Hills, and at Moose Jaw Creck, where the
C. P. Railway crosses, N.W.T. (dMacoun.)
(496.) A. aboriginum, Richards.
Phaca aboriginum, Hook. FI. I., 143.
From Lake Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as
Bear Lake, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson & Drummond.) Abundant on gravel
on the west side of the Qu’Appelle Valley at the crossing of the Carlton
Trail; on a gravel ridge on top of the Cypress Hills, and in the Bow
River Pass, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Pembina Mountain and Short Creek,
Souris River, near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Fort Confidence,
Lat. 67°. (Simpson.
(497.) A. glabriusculus, Gray.
Phaca glabriuscula, Hook. FI. I., 144.
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Jat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(498.) A. oroboides, Hornem., var. Americanus, Gray.
Phaca elegans, Hook. Fl. I., 144.
P. parviflora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 348.
A. oroboides, Hook. Arct. Pl., 289, in part.
Along the Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspé. (dMacoun.) Coast of
Labrador. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) In the Rocky Mountains, and on the
higher summits of the mountains. (Drummond.) In the elevated
country north of Fort St. John, Peace River, Lat. 56°. (dMacoun.)
Churchill River. (&. Beil.)
112 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(499.) A. alpinus, Linn.
A. secundus, Michx. FI. I.. 66, not DC.
Phaca astragalina, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 145.
A. Labradoricus, Hook. Fl. I., 150.
A. Robbinsii, Matthew Pl. Acad., 15, not Gray.
Newfoundland and Labrador. (Worrison.) Coast of Labrador.
(Butler.) Nepisiquit River; also upper St. John, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
At Macleod’s Lake, northern British Columbia. (iacoun.) In the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56° (Drummond.) In the extreme Arctic
regions. (ichardson.) Churchill and Nelson Rivers, near Hudson’s
Bay. (R. Bell.) Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow, and Fort Youcon.
(W. H. Dall.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Back.)
(500.) A. lotiflorus, Hook. Fl. I., 152.
Phaca lotiflora, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 349.
About Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Along the
northern base of the Cypress Hills, at Setter’s Farm, and on clay flats
farther west; arare species. (Uacoun.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)
(501.) A. Missouriensis, Nutt.
A, melanocarpus, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 150.
Plains of the Saskatchewan, and Eagle and Red Deer Hills of the
same river. (Richardson.) Abundant on the margins of saline depres-
sions and on-clay flats at Long Lake and Moose Mountain, and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains. (/acoun.) Short Creek, Souris River.
(Dawson.)
(502.) A. Beckwithii, Torr. & Gray.
Arid soil along the Thompson River, below Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) Nicola Valley, near the same place. (Dawson.)
(503.) A. Purshii, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I., 152.
Phaca mollissima, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 350.
In abundance along the Thompson, below Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Hill & Macoun.)
(504.) A. Cooperi, Gray.
Phaca neglecta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 344.
Rocky ground and gravelly banks of rivers. Hillside, Gaspé Basin, Q.;
Myersburg and vicinity of Marmora village, Northumberland Co., and
Bruce Peninsula, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont., and on
the Grand Manitoulin Island, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) La Cloche
and Whiskey Islands, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Montreal Island, Q; Bosanquet, Ont. (d/cGill Coll. Herb.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 113
(505.) A. Gibbsii, Kellogg.
A. cyrtoides, Gray.
Dry soil, Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Specimens without fruit.
(506.) A. speirocarpus, Gray.
On the Upper Columbia. (Lyail.)
(507.) A. frigidus, Gray, var. Americanus, Watson.
Phaca frigida, Richards. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
P. frigida, var. Americana, Hook. FI. I., 140.
Woody regions of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, north to Slave
Lake, Lat. 61°. (Richardson.) On the mountains in the S. Kootanie
Pass. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) On the Nelson
River, near Hudson’s Bay. (R. Beil.) Wooded country, between
Edmonton and Peace River; Bow River Pass, above Morley; and in
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) On the coast between the
Mackenzie and Coppermine R vers. (Simpson.)
Var. littoralis, Watson.
Phaca frigida, var. littoralis, Hook. FI. I., 140.
Astragalus frigidus, Rothr. Alask. 445.
Arctic shores, west of the Mackenzie River to Cape Lisburne, in
Behring’s Straits. (Hooker.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
(508.) A. microcystis, Gray.
On the banks of Methy River, east of Portage La Loche—18%5
(Macoun.)
(509.) A. bisulcatus, Gray.
Phaca bisulcata, Hook. FI. I., 145.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Very abundant on dry
slopes, from Fort Ellice westward across the prairies. (Macoun.)
(510.) A. pectinatus, Dougl.
Phaca pectinata, Hook. Fl. I., 141.
Pastures of the Saskatchewan, and on the Red Deer and Eagle Hills
bordering on that river. (Douglas.) Common on gravelly slopes from
the Souris west to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) First Crossing
of Souris River, N.W.T., on dry prairie. (Dawson.)
(511.) A. flexuosus, Dougl.
Phaca flexuosa, Hook. Fl. I., 141.
P. elongata, Hook. Fl. I., 140. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Abundant on elevated
8
114 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
and dry soils of the Red River and Assiniboine, Lat. 50°. (Douglas.)
From the Red River westward to the Rocky Mountains; very abun-
dant. (Macoun.) Red River prairie, Pembina Mountain, Woody
Mountain and Short Creek, Souris River, N:W.T.; common. (Dawson.)
(512.) A. collinus, Dougl.
Phaca collina, Hook. Fl. I., 141.
On dry slopes of the mountains above Spence’s Bridge, B. C.
(Dawson.)
(513.) A. multiflorus, Gray.
A. tenellus, Pursh, 473.
Ervum multiflorum, Pursh, 739.
Phaca nigrescens, Hook. Fl. I., 148.
Homalobus multiflorus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 351.
H. dispar, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 350.
Astragalus nigrescens, Gray, Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
On the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as
Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River, in Lat. 65°. (Richardson.)
Very abundant on the prairies west of Fort Ellice to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Mfacoun.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)
(514.) A. Bourgovii, Gray.
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Rocky Mountains,
8. Kootanie Pass (6000 feet.) (Dawson.)
(515.) A. Palliseri, Gray.
"Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.)
(516.) A. decumbens, Gray.
Homalobus decumbens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 352.
On dry ground around Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
Chilcoten Plains, B.C. (Dazwson.)
(517.) A. czespitosus, Gray.
Homalobus cespitosus, & canescens, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 352.
On gravelly ridges in the centre of the Cypress Hills. (M/acoun.)
Dry bank, White Mud River, 49th parallel, south of Cypress Hills.
(Dawson.)
(518.) A. Kentrophyta, Gray.
Kentrophyta montana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 353.
K. viridis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 353.
Borders of Stinking Lake, north of Cypress Hills, in sand. (Macoun.)
Along Belly River, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 115
(519.) A. triphyllus, Pursh.
Phaca cxspitosa, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 143.
P. argophylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 342.
Between Carlton and Edmonton, on the Saskatchewan. (Drum-
mond.) On dry, gravelly hills, from the Souris to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Along the 49th parallel, east of Woody Mountain. (Dawson.)
(520.) A. polaris, Benth.
Re-discovered by Seemann at Hschscholtz Bay, in Kotzebue Sound,
during the voyage of the “Herald.” (J. D. Hooker.)
(521.) A. pauciflorus, Hook. Fl. I, 149.
Among the rocks in the more elevated regions of the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond.) Bed of the Bow River at Morley: also on the
summit of the Cypress Hills. (dZacoun.) 8. Kootanie Pass, near the
49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(522.) A. vaginatus, Richards. Hook. Fl. L., 149.
Woody country, Lat. 54°.-64°. (Richardson.)
(523.) A. —— ?
Upper part of the Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Specimens with-
out fruit.
(524.) A. — ?
Whipsaw Creek, B.C., June 17th, 1877. (Dawson) Specimens
without fruit.
143. OXYTROPIS, DC. (OXYTROPIS.)
(525.) O. podocarpa, Gray.
O. arctica, var. inflata. Hook. FI. I, 146.
Labrador and the Arctic regions. (Gray.) Highest summits of the
‘Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.. (Drummond.) High elevations, Bow
River Pass. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
(526.) O. Uralensis, DC., var. pumila, Ledeb.
O. artica, R. Brown. Hook. Fi. I., 146, in part.
St. Paul’s Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Arctic shores
and islands. Kotzebue Sound and west coast of Alaska. (Hooker.)
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
116 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(527.) O. campestris, DC. Hook. FI. I., 147,
O. borealis, DC. Hook. FI. I., 145.
Islands in St. John River, N.B. (Baitley.) Edmundton and ne
the banks of the Upper St. J ohn, N.B. (CHay.) Cliffs near Cape St.
Louis, Gaspé coast. (Macown.) Isle of Orleans, and coast of Labrador.
(Brunet.) From Carlton to the Rocky Mountains, and as far as the
sources of the Columbia (Douglas.) Bear Lake to the Arctic shores
and islands. (Richardson.) At Spence’s Bridge, B.C. Throughout the
prairie region, very common. (Macoun.) Kotzebue Sound. (Roth.
Alask.) Baffin’s Bay. (Hooker.)
Var. viscida, Watson.
O. viscida, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. T., 341.
O. campestris. ? Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeau.) Bow River at the Blackfoot
Crossing and at Morley, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(528.) O. Lamberti, Pursh, 740.
O. Hookeriana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I.,-340.
O, Plattensis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 340.
O. sericea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 339.
Dry banks on the Red River and Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) Prairies
in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Very abundant
throughout the prairie region. (dMacoun.) North Antler Creek,
White Mud River, and First Crossing of the Souris, N.W.T.; always on
dry ground. (Dawson.)
(529.) O. nana, Nutt.
? O. argentata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L., 146.
Woody country, Lat. 54°-64°. ( Richardson.) ’
(530.) O. nigrescens, Fisch. Hook. Fl. L, 147.
Island of St. Lawrence in Behring’s Straits. (De Candolle.)
(531.) O. splendens, Dougl.
On limestone rocks of the Red River and south to Pembina. (Douglas.)
Very abundant from Brandon, westward to the Rocky Mountains,
throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Turtle Mountain, N.W.T.
(Dawson.)
Var. Richardsoni, Hooh. FI. L, 148.
O. oxyphylla, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 17.
From Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan, north to Fort Frank-
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 117
lin and Bear Lake, and west to the dry prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond.) From Edmonton to the Peace River region,
and through the Rocky Mountains to the Findley Branch of the Peace
River, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. (M/ucoun.)
(532.) O. deflexa, DC.
O. foliolosa, Hook. Fi. I., 146.
From Carlton to the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
Abundant from the middle crossing of the Little Saskatchewan to the
Rocky Mountains; generally on the sides of coulées. (dMacoun.)
Southern British Columbia, in the dry region. (Dawson.)
144. HEDYSARUM, Tourn. (HEDYSARUM.)
(533.) H. boreale, Nutt.
HI. alpinum, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 17.
HT, alpinum, var. Americanum, Michx. Fl. IT., 274.
Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Grand Falls of the St. John,
also on the Nepisiquit River, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Borders of Lake St.
John, Q. (Brunet.) Labrador. (Butler.) Rocky banks of the Dartmouth
River, Little Falls of the Magdalen River, and on cliffs along the Gaspé
coast. Very abundant on the prairies, and extending north to the
Peace River region. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
Throughout the wooded country and north to the Arctic circle.
(Richardson.) Summit of Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Kotzebue
Sound and Cape Lisburne. (othr. Alask.) Between the Mackenzie
and Coppermine Rivers. (Simpson.)
(534.) H. Mackenzii, Richards.
H. boreale, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 745.
H. canescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 357.
Barren grounds north of Lat. 64°; as far north as the shores of the
Arctic Sea. ‘(Richardson.) On the Saskatchewan, about Carlton and
westward to the mountains. (Drummond.) On the Eagle and Red
Deer Hills of the Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) On Hayes River and the
east coast of Hudson’s Bay. (R. Bell.) In great abundance 20 miles
west of Moose Mountain; on the Cypress Hills; vicinity of the Hand
Hills; in the Bow River Pass and on the banks of Peace River and the
lower slopes of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Youcon
River, 50 miles west of Fort Youcon. (othr. Alask.) This is a very
beautiful species. Its root is eaten by the Indians wherever it is found.
118 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
145. DESMODIUM, DC. (TICK TREFOIL.)
(535.) D. nudiflorum, DC.
Hedysarum nudiflorum, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 71.
Rich woodlands and sandy thickets. Rare eastward. About Quebec.
(Cleghorn.) Papineau Wood, Montreal. (Holmes.) Rare in eastern
Ontario. (Billings.) Oak Hills, 16 miles north of Belleville; near
Brighton Village and at Niagara Falls, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) London, Ont., not rare. (Burgess.)
(536.) D. acuminatum, DC.
Hedysarum acuminatum, Michx. F). II., 72.
Rich woods; common throughout Ontario, and eastward in Quebec
to the Isle of Orleans.
(537.) D. pauciflorum, DC.
Rich woods of western Ontario. Woods at Niagara Falls. (Jacoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.) ?
(538.)) D. rotundifolium, DC.
Hedysarum rotundifolium, Michx. Fl. IL, 72.
Dry, sandy woods, near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(539.) D. cuspidatum, Hook.
Hedysarum cuspidatum, Muhl. Pursh, 483.
HZ. bracteosum, Michx. FI. IT., 73.
D. bracteosum, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 154.
Rocky thickets; rather local. Meyersburg, Northumberland Co.,
Ont. (Vacoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. [?] (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Cayuga, St. Catharines, and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Near Fort Erie, rare; also, at
Queenston Heights. (Dougtas.)
(540.) D. canescens, DC.
Hedysarum canescens, Linn. Pursh, 482.
LH, viridiflorum, Willd. Pursh, 482.
In moist soil, Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
(541.) D. Dillenii, Darling. Macoun’s Cat., No. 469.
Hedysarum Marilandicum, Willd. Pursh, 482.
Dry, rather open thickets, Queenston Heights. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie!) Not rare at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 119
(542.) D. paniculatum, DC.
Hedysarum paniculatum, Linn. Pursh, 483.
Dry, sandy thickets. Rice Lake Plains, near Castleton, Ont.
(Macoun.) At Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) St. Catharines and Malden,
Ont. (Maelagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(543.) D. Canadense, DC.
Hedysarum Canadense, Linn. Pursh, 481.
Dry, rich woods or thickets; common throughout Quebec and
Ontario: Fredericton and upper St. John, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Along
Hammond River, King’s Co., N.B. (J. Brittain.) Lake of the Woods.
(Burgess. As far north as Norway House, at the north end of Lake
Winnipeg. (Hooker.) ,
(544.) D. ciliare, DC.
Hedysarum ciliare, Muhl. Pursh, 482.
D. Marilandicum, Macoun’s Cat., No. 466.
Dry, sandy thickets, Queenston Heights, Ont., 1877. (dacoun.)
146. LESPEDEZA, Michx. (BUSH CLOVER.)
(545.) L. repens, Barton.
LI. procumbens, Michx. Gray, Manual, 137.
L. prostrata, Pursh. Hook. FI. I1., 156.
Sandy soil, Ontario. (Douglas.) The Dell, Ancaster, near Hamilton,
Ont. (Loyie.) These very likely refer to the next species.
(546.) L. reticulata, Pers.
L. sessiliflora, Michx. Fl. II., 70. in part.
L. violacea, var. sessiliflora, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 367.
L. violacea, Macoun’s Cat., No. 475.
Dry copses and borders of woods. The Dell, Ancaster, Ont. (Logie.)
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada..
(Holmes.)
(547.) Le. hirta, Ell.
LL. polystachya, Michx. Hook. Fl. L, 156.
Dry, sandy hillsides. Common about Sandwich, Ont. (Douglas.)
Oak Hills, 11 miles north of Belleville; also, Queenston Heights and
Niagara Falls, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)
120 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Prince’s Island, Lake Medad, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie) St.
Catharines, Thorold, and Queenston, Ont. (Maclagan.) Rather com-
mon at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(548.) L. capitata, Michx.
Dry sandy soil, in thickets and open woods. Rice Lake Plains, Oak
Hills, near Belleville, and Queenston Heights, Ont. (Macoun.) Gravel
Pit, west of Prescott, and westward along the St. Lawrence. (Billings.)
Prince’s Island, near Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Huron County, Ont.
(Gibson.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Common at London, Ont. (Burgess)
147. VICIA, Tourn. (VETCH. TARE.)
(549.) V. sativa, Linn. Common Vetch.
Naturalized through cultivation, and by the agency of railways. It
is more commonly found in railway cuttings ‘and along embankments
than in fields.
(550.) V. tetrasperma, Loisel.
Ervum tetraspermum, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 158.
Introduced from Europe. Windsor and Halifax, N.S. (Dawson.)
Abundant along the railway track near St. John, N.B. (owler’s Cat.)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Brunet.) Longueuil, Q. (Maclagan.) Montreal, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Grassy
meadows, Ontario. (Douglas.)
(551.) V. hirsuta, Koch.
Ervum hirsutum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 158.
Introduced in a few places. Along the railway near St. John, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec. (Brunet.) Common at Rivitre
du Loup, Q. (Lhomas.) Garden weed in Ottawa and Perth, Ont.
(Whyte.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(552.) WV. Cracea, Linn.
Newfoundland, (Morrison.) Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.)
Fields and waste places, N.B., not common. (Fowler's Cat.) Very
common throughout Quebec. Collected at Ottawa, Prescott and Belle-
ville, which latter is its western limit in Ontario. This is with us an
eastern species.
(553.) VW. Caroliniana, Walter.
V. parviflora, Michx. Fl. IL, 69.
River banks and lake shores. Bay of Quinte, both sides, rather
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 121
common. On the bank of the Detroit River at Amherstburg, Ont.
(Macoun.) Chippawa, Navy Island, and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Ontario, near the lakes. (Douglas.)
(554.) W. Americana, Mubl.
V. tridentata, Schw. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 272.
V. Oregana, Nutt. Macoun’s Cat., No, 478.
Belledune, Restigouche, N.B. (Chalmers.) From the Falls of
Niagara to the Pacific coast. Very abundant in the northern prairie
region and in the wooded country, as far north as Bear Lake. It is
also abundant in the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia, and north
to Alaska.
Var. linearis, Watson.
Lathyrus linearis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 276.
L. dissitifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 277.
Very abundant throughout the prairie region, N.W.T. Not seen in
the forest country. (Macoun.)
(555.) VW. gigantea, Hook. Fl. L, 157.
Along the Pacific coast to Alaska. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Sitka, and Arctic coast. (Roth. Alask.)
148. LATHYRUS, Linn. (EVERLASTING PEA.)
(556.) L. maritimus, Bigel.
Pisum maritimum, Linn. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 17.
L. pisiformis, Hook. Fl. I., 158.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Abundant on sea beaches,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
James Bay, east side of Hudson’s Bay, and north end of Lake Winnipeg.
(R. Béll.) Sand beaches along the Great Lakes, quite common.
(Macoun.) Muskoka Lakes and Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) Shores of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Johnston’s Strait, B.C. (Dawson.)
Sitka and western coast of Alaska. (Roth. Alask.)
(557.) L. venosus, Muhl.
L. decaphyllus, Hook. FL I., 159.
From the Kaministiquia River, Lake Superior, across the continent
to the Pacific Ocean. This species is abundant in the mixed prairie
and forest country, north of Lat. 52°,
122 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(558.) L. ochroleucus, Hook. Fl. I; 159.
L. pisiformis, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 17.
Mississquoi Lake, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) From Ottawa, in the forest
country, west to the Coast Range, B.C.; abundant in northern British
Columbia, and extending north on the Mackenzie to Bear Lake, and
beyond the Arctic Circle.
(559.) L. paluster, Linn.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Magdalen Islands and
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, and across the mixed
forest region to British Columbia. It is usually found in beaver
meadows, along streams, or low thickets, in wet places.
Var. myrtifolius, Gray.
L. myrtifolius, Muhl. Macoun’s Cat., No. 487.
L. stipulaceus, LeConte. Hook. FI. I., 160.
DL. venosus, var. 6. Torr. & Gray. FI. I, 274.
Rocky banks of rivers. Common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
Rather common in Quebec, and extending to the Sault Ste. Marie.
(Macoun.) Near Fort Hrie, and extending along the Niagara to
Queenston. (Douglas.)
(560.) L. pratensis, Linn.
Escaped from cultivation at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
149. APIOS, Boer. (GROUND NUT. WILD BEAN.)
(561.) A. tuberosa, Moench.
Glycine Apios, Linn. Michx. Fl. IL, 63.
Along the margins of rivers and rocky banks. Keswick Ridge, and
along the banks of the St. John River, at Fredericton; found also
at St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) West River, N.S. (Lindsay.) St.
Nicholas, and Lotbiniére,Q. (Brunet.) Islands in Lake St. Peter,
Bécancour, Q. (Provancher.) Common in the western part of Quebec.
(McGill Coil. Herb.) Rather common throughout Ontario in suitable
localities. :
150. PHASEOLUS, Linn. (KIDNEY BEAN.)
(562.) P. diversifolius, Pers.
P. trilobus, Michx. FI. II., 60.
On sandy beaches and banks. Montreal, Q., and Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Port Stanley, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Amherstburg and
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 123
Pelee Point, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
This is doubtless the P. helvolus of Saunders and Logie. Canadian
Journal, Vol. XV., p. 360.
151. AMPHICARP£EA, Ell. (HOG PEANUT.)
(563.) A. monoica, Ell.
Glycine monoica, Linn. Pursh, 485.
St. John River, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Abundant in moist thickets
throughout western Quebec and Ontario, extending to the Kaminis-
tiquia River, above Fort William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
152. BAPTISIA, Vent. (FALSE INDIGO.)
(564.) B. tinctoria, R. Br. Wild Indigo.
Podalyria tinctoria, Lam. Michx. FI. I., 265.
Dry or damp sandy woods. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Colchester Township and Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Abundant in
sandy thickets about half way between Essex Centre and Leamington,
Ont. (Macoun.)
(565.) B. leucantha, Torr. & Gray.
B. alba, Hook. Fl. J., 129. Macoun’s Cat., No. 494.
In rich alluvial soil. Shore of Lake Erie. (Goldie.) This species
has not been detected since the time of Goldie.
i53. CYMNOCLADUS, Lam. (KENTUCKY COFFEE-TREE. )
(566.) G. Canadensis, Lam.
A number of very large trees of this species were found growing on
the northern end of Pelee Island, in Lake Hrie, in the summer of 1882.
The settlers on the island say that there were many others when they
began to clear off the timber. A few of the trees were over two feet
in diameter. This species has been planted in the town of Niagara,
where it has attained a iarge size, and seems to bear the winter with-
out injury. Two large trees of this species are to be seen close to
Rideau Hall, near Ottawa, where they must have stood for nearly half
acentury. (Macoun.)
124 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
154. GLEDITISCHIA, Linn. (HONEY LOCUST.)
(567.) G. triacanthos, Linn. Three-thorned Acacia.
This species is common in cultivation throughout Ontario, and is
quite hardy. In the summer of 1882 numerous trees of it were found
growing on the sand dunes of Pelee Point. The seed had probably
drifted across the lake from Ohio, as sand is not the true habitat of
this tree.
XXXII. ROSACEA. Ross Famiry.
155. PRUNUS, Tourn. (PLUM. CHERRY.)
(568.) P. Americana, Marshall. Wild Plum.
P. nigra, Ait. Pursh, 331.
Cerasus nigra, Loisel. Hook. FI. I., 167.
Common in thickets from Montreal westward to Red River and the
Assiniboine, about the 100° meridian.
Var. mollis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 407.
2 P. Canadensis, Linn. Pursh, 330.
P. hiemalis, Michx. Fl. I., 284.
P. mollis, Torr., Fl. U.S., 470.
Cerasus hiemalis, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 168,
La Grand Chaudiére [Chaudiére Falls, Ottawa]. (?) (Pursh.) This
is the black-fruited variety of our wild plum, and is to be looked for
throughout Ontario. It is probable we have two species in our terri-
tory.
(569.) P. maritima, Wang. Beach Plum.
P. spherocarpa, Michx. Fl. I., 284. .
P. pubescens, Pursh, 331.
I introduce this species on the authority of L’Abbe Ovide Brunet,
who quotes Pursh and the Hon. William Shepherd as his authorities.
Borders of the Ottawa (?). (Pursh.) It may be looked for on the
Island of Grand Manan and at St. Stephen, New Brunswick.
(570.) P. pumila, Linn. Sand, or Dwarf Cherry.
Cerasus pumila, Michx. Hook. Fl. L., 167.
P. depressa, Pursh, 332.
Cerasus depressa, Seringe. Hook. Fl I., 168.
Sand beaches and sand dunes and plains. St. John River, and along
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 125
the Restigouche, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Restigouche River, N.B., Isle
of Orleans, and Lake Mistassini, Q. (Brunet.) River St. Lawrence at
Montreal. (Holmes.) Beaches, Gaspé coast, and westward along the
St. Lawrence and Great Lakes and on the prairies to about the 106th
meridian.
(571.) P. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Bird Cherry.
P. borealis, Poir. Pursh, 538.
Cerasus borealis, Michx. Fl. I., 286.
C. Pennsylvanica, Seringe. Hook. FI. I., 168.
From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to
the Rocky Mountains, where it isa small bush. Hence through northern
British Columbia to the Coast Range.
(572.) P. emarginata, Walp.
Cerasus emarginata, Dougl. Hook. FI. L., 169.
Southern British Columbia near the coast, also on Vancouver Island
in the vicinity of Victoria.
Var. mollis, Brewer. Bot. Cal. T., 167.
Cerasus mollis, Dougl. Hook. FI. I., 169.
Prunus mollis, Walp. Macoun’s Cat., No. 501.
On subalpine hills, near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at Yale, B.C. (Macoun.)
(573.) P. Virginiana, Linn.’ Choke Cherry.
P. serotina, Poir. Pursh. 330.
Cerasus Virginiana, Loisel. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Cerasus scrotina, Hook. FI. I., 169.
Very abunde:t in thickets, extending from Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick across the entire continent. On the Pacific
coast, it seems to merge into the next species, which at any rate takes
its place on the coast. It is found as far north as Lat. 62° on the Mac-
kenzie. On the southern prairie amongst sand and along river banks,
it produces fruit which vies in sweetness with the far-famed “Sas-
kutoom” berries of the Plain Indians. The prairie form should be
carefully compared with the eastern one.
(574.) P. demissa, Walp.
Cerasus serotina, Hook. FI. I., 169, in part.
Cerasus demissa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 411.
Along the coast of British Columbia, and in the interior as far as
Cache Creek.
126 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
It is extremely probable that three species are included in the two
mentioned above, and that the prairie form is a species intermediate
between P. Virginiana and P. demissa.
(575.) P. serotina, Ehrh. Black Cherry.
P. Virginiana, Mill. Pursh, 329.
Cerasus Virginiana, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 169.
Cerasus scrotina, Loisel. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 410.
Rich woods and fence corners. Growing into a very large tree in
western Ontario, where it attains its greatest dimensions, overtopping
other trees of the forest. North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
Ox Bow, Salmon River, N.B., rare. (Fowler’s Cat.) Eastern Town-
ships, Q. (Brunet.) Abundant throughout Ontario, and as far west as
the Kaministiquia River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
156. NUTTALLIA, Torr. & Gray. (OSO BERRY.)
(576.) N. cerasiformis, Torr. & Gray.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and up the Fraser as far as
Yale, B.C. (Macoun.)
157. SPIRAEA, Linn. (MEADOW-SWEET.)
(577.) S. salicifolia, Linn. Common Meadow-Sweet.)
S. hypericifolia, Marsh. Pursh, 341.
S. hypericifolia, var. Plunkenetia, Hook. Fl. I., 171.
Low damp places, generally near ponds and margins of streams,
from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and westward to the
base of the Rocky Mountains. Point Barrow to Mackenzie River on
Arctic Sea. (Puillen.) The leaves of this species assume a multiplicity
of forms.
(578.) S. tomentosa, Linn. Hardhack. Steeple Bush.
Low rich grounds. Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.) Rather
scarce in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Not rare in Quebec and
extending in Ontario through the northern counties to Muskoka.
(Burgess.)
(579.) §. betulifolia, Pallas. Birch-leaved Spirea.
S. chamedrifolia, var. media, Pursh, 342. Hook. Fl. L, 171.
S. corymbosa, Raf. Gray, Manual, 149.
S. chamedrifolia, var. 8., Hook. Fl. L., 171.
Abundant in thickets on the Cypress Hills and in the Bow River
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 127
Pass. Common in northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) West
Butte and S. Kootanie Pass, near the 49th parallel; and Iroquois
Creek, near Pine Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Sledge Island,
in Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Chamisso’s Island in Kotzebue
Sound; also on the mainland. (Rothr. Alask.)
(580.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I, 172.
North-west coast of America, Straits of De Fuca. (Douglas.) Coast
Range about the head of Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. Menziesii, Presl.
S. Menziesti, Hook. Fl. I., 173. Macoun’s Cat., No. 509.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Coast of the Pacific in
Johnston’s Strait, B.C. (Dawson.)
(581.) §. discolor, Pursh, 342, var. arizefolia, Watson.
S. ariefolia, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 1738. Macoun’s Cat., No. 510.
Frequent along the west coast, Lat. 40°-49°, forming part of the
underwood of the forests. (Douglas.) Common around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Along the coast northward from Vic-
toria. (Dawson.)
(582.) S. Aruncus, Linn. Goat’s Beard.
Moist woods near the source of the Columbia, B.C. (Drummond.)
Woods near McLeod’s Lake, B.C., Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands; Coast Range; and Misinchinca River, B.C. (Dawson.)
Mountains of Cariboo, B.C. (Cowley.)
(583.) S. pectinata, Torr. & Gray.
Saxifraga pectinata, Pursh, 312.
Eriogynia pectinata, Hook. FI. I., 255.
Height of land upon the Rocky Mountains on the west side, near the
sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.)
Sitka and about Behring’s Straits. (othr. Alask.)
158. NEILLIA, Don. (NINE BARK.)
(584.) N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook.
Spirea opulifolia, Linn. Hook. Fl. I.,171. Macoun’s Cat., No. 512.
River banks and gravelly shores of lakes. Near Quebec. (Brunet.)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Zhomas.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.) Abun-
dant along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes and westward to 30
128 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
miles up the Kaministiquia, Lake Superior. Also Rainy River and
Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan (?). ( Richardson.)
Var. mollis, Brew. & Wat. Bot. Cal. 1., 171.
Spirea capitata, Pursh, 342.
L. opulifolia, var. mollis, Hook. Fl. I., 171.
Along the Upper Columbia, B.C. (Douglas.)
159. CILLENIA, Moench. (INDIAN PHYSIC.)
(585.) &. trifoliata, Moench.
Spirexa trifoliata, Linn. Michy. Fl. 1, 294.
Rich woods; only found on Prince’s Island, near Hamilton. (Logie.)
Canada. (Pursh.)
160. RUBUS, Tourn. (BRAMBLE.)
(586.) R. odoratus, Linn. Purple Flowering Raspberry.
Rocky and other thickets and fence corners. Cultivated in Nova
Scotia, possibly a few plants wild. (Zawson.) From Rivitre du Loup
(Thomas) westward throughout Ontario to Goulais Point, Lake Su-
perior. (CR. Bell.)
(587.) R. Nutkanus, Mogino. White Flowering Raspberry.
Rocky thickets, from the Sault Ste. Marie, along the north shore of
Lake Superior and westward to Lake Shebandowan, Dawson Route;
St. John’s Peace River and westward to the Pacific and Vancouver
Island. Found throughout British Columbia, and on the eastern side
of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) S. Kootanie Pass on the 40th
parallel, and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Darson.) Sitka. (Bischoff)
(588.) R. Chamzemorus, Linn. Cloud Berry.
Specially abundant in the north, and when found at its southern
limit, always in cold peat bogs. Abundant in Nova Scotia, Cape
Breton, Newfoundland, Labrador, and westward in the forest country,
north of Lat. 54° to the Pacific. Northward to the Arctic Sea. Peat
bogs, N.B., rather rare. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in peat bogs, along
the Gaspé coast and at Riviére du Loup. (Thomas.) Peat bog at the
base of the Porcupine Mountain, Man., Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pi.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 129
(589.) R. arcticus, Linn. Arctic Raspberry.
Peat bogs and northern spruce woods. Labrador and Anticosti.
(Brunet.) Newfoundland. (Torrey & Gray.) Top of Mount Albert,
Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q. Peat bog, north-west angle of the
Lake of the Woods, wet woods and swamps, Porcupine Mountain,
Man., Lat, 53°, and occasionally through the forest region to Peace
River, and Northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Oxford House to
Knee Lake ; Churchill River and east coast of Hudson’s Bay. (R. Beil.)
Kotzebue Sound and Bay of Good Hope. (Chamisso.)
Var. grandiflorus, Ledeb.
R. acaulis, Michx. Hook. FI. I., 182.
R. pistillatus, Smith. Richards. Frankl. Journ., 11.
R. propinquus, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 2nd Ed., 19.
In sphagnous swamps, Hudson’s Bay. (Michaux.) From the Sas-
katchewan, in Lat. 53°, to Fort Franklin, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.)
From Labrador to the woods and swamps of the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-56. (Drummond.) Northern British Columbia (dJacoun & Dawson)
This and the normal form are often confounded, but the zigzag stem of
the latter and the large flowers of the former easily distinguish them.
(590.) R. Dalibarda, Linn.
Dalibarda repens, Linn. Hook. Fl. J., 184. Macoun’s Cat., No. 564.
D. violeoides, Michx. FI. I., 299.
Pictou, N.S., and along the Bay of Fundy, not common. (MeKay.)
Tn dry, mossy woods, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Common in many parts
of Quebec. (Brunet.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Mill-
grove marsh, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Gore Bay, Lake Huron.
(J. Bell.) Elliott’s Falls, Peterboro Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Huron.
(Todd.) Chatham, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(591.) R. pedatus, Smith. Creeping Raspberry.
Northwest coast, as far north as Observatory Inlet, Lat. 55°.
(Douylas.) In shady woods, at the roots of rotten trees, on the Rocky
Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Creeping amongst rotten wood
near Macleod’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) On the mountains above Fort
Hope and on the coast range near Bute Inlet, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(592.) R. triflorus, Richards. Dew Berry.
R. saxatilis, var. Canadensis, Michx. FI. L., 298.
R. mucronatus, Seringe. Hook. FI. L., 182.
In mossy woods or cedar swamps, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
9
130 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
but not extending very far to the north, though common at York Fac-
tory, Hudson’s Bay. Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(593.) R. stellatus, Smith.
Near Foggy Harbor on the north-west coast of America. (Menzies.)
This is an obscure and little-known species.
(694.) R. strigosus, Michx. Red Raspberry.
R. Idwus, Pursh, 346.
R. Ideus, var. Canadensis, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 11.
Coast of Labrador. (jAleGill Coll. Herb.) Very abundant from Nova
Scotia to the Coast Range in British Columbia. In woods, after being
burnt over, this species produces enormously, and might be made a
source of profit to the settlers in the lumbering districts.
(495.) R. neglectus, Peck.
R. intermedia, Macoun’s Cat., No. 579).
Thickets and fence corners, clearly a hybrid between the preceding
and the next. One mile below Shannonville station, and not uncommon
around Belleville and in the counties of Hastings and Northumberland.
Also near Amherstburg, Ont. (WMacoun.)
(596.) R. occidentalis, Linn. Black Raspberry.
Rich moist woods and on old stumps of trees in cultivated fields.
Very common throughout Ontario. Scarcer in the Province of Quebec,
extending eastward to below Quebec City. (Brunet.) Keswick Ridge,
also said to occur in Westmoreland County, N.B. (Hay.)
(597.) R. spectabilis, Pursh.
Along the coast of British Columbia, west of the Coast Range. Van-
couver and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Macoun & Dawson.) Sitka,
Kodiak, and Cape St. Elias. (othr. Alask.)
(598.) R. leucodermis, Doug].
R. occidentalis, var. ;3, Hook. Fl. I., 178.
North-west coast of America, and near the sources of the Columbia.
(Douglas.) Along the Fraser River above Boston Bar, B.C. (dfacoun)
(599.) R. ursinus, Cham. & Schlecht.
R. vitifolius, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 450.
R. macropetalus, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I., 178. Macoun’s Cat., No. 573.
Banks of rivers and low woods, in the valley of the Columbia.
(Douglas.) Vancouver Island near Victoria. (Macoun.) Coast Range
and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 131
(600.) R. villosus, Ait. Thimble Berry.
Common in sandy woods and old clearings from Nova Scotia to Loon
Portage on the Dawson Route, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Var. frondosus, Torrey.
R. inermis, Willd. Pursh, 348.
R. suberectus, Hook. Fl. I., 179.
Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Abundant along the Grand Trunk Railway at Shannonville and at the
Carrying Place, head of the Bay of Quinte, Ont. (Macoun.) Between
Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.)
Var. humifusus, Torr. & Gray.
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Railway track at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Near London, Ont.
(Burgess.)
(601.) R. Canadensis, Linn.
R. flagellaris, Willd. Pursh, 347.
R. trivialis, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 180.
Thickets and rocky hills. Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Rather com-
mon in Nova Scotia. (dMcKay.) Rocky places and thickets, N.B.,
common. (Fowler's Cat.) Not uncommon in Quebec. (Brunet.) Fre-
quent in Ontario, extending to Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
(602.) R. hispidus, Linn. Swamp Blackberry.
R. obovalis, Michx. FI. I., 298.
R. obovatus, Ell. Hook. FI. I., 180.
Trailing amongst grass In swampy ground. Pictou and Halifax, N.S.
(Mc Kay.) Fredericton and other localities, N.B., rather rare. (Fowler’s
Cat.) Near Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods north of Prescott Junction. (Billings.)
Beaver meadows and marshy flats throughout the northern portions of
Addington, Hastings and Peterboro Counties, Ont. (Jacoun.) Nicolet
and Niagara, Ont. (Maclagan.) Common in swamps at London and
Sarnia, Ont. (Burgess.)
Var. setosus, Torr. & Gray.
R. setosus, Bigel. Hook. Fl. I., 179.
About Montreal. (Vide Hooker, p. 180.) The var. is most probably
the eastern form of the species and ought to be compared with authen-
tic specimens.
132 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(603.) R. nivalis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 181.
On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) This
is an obscure species and should be looked for about the sources of the
Columbia.
161. PURSHIA, DC. (‘“ CHAPPARAL.”)
(604.) P. tridentata, DC.
Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, 333.
Osoyoos Lake, southern boundary of British Columbia. (Dawson.)
162. DRYAS, Linn. (DRYAS.)
(605.) D. octopetala, Linn.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, sometimes with double flowers.
(Drummond.) On the top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C., and on
Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Coast Range,
near Bute Inlet, B. C., and on the Rocky Mountains, S$. Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Port Clarence and northern shore.
(Rothr. Alask.) Cape Lisburne, in Behring’s Straits. (Beechey.) Shores
and islands of the Arctic Sea. (Franklin.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. integrifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.
D. integrifolia, Vahl. Hook. Fl. I.,174. Macoun’s Cat., No. 522.
D. tenella, Pursh, 350.
Island of Anticosti. (Goldie.) Labrador. (Butler.) Churchill River
and east coast of Hudson’s Bay. (&. Bell.) In dry and rocky places
from Lat. 54° to the islands of the Arctic Sea, where it is abundant.
(Richardson.) Extending westward to Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.)
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, especially on the more elevated ridges.
(Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.)
(606.) D. Drummondii, Hook.
On gravelly beaches and bars of rivers. Dartmouth, and Ste. Anne
des Monts, Rivers, Gaspé, Q. Gravel bars in the Bow River at and
above Morley; Peace River, within the Rocky Mountains, and west to
the Blackwater River, B.C. (Macoun.) Island of Anticosti. (Pursh.)
Slate Islands, Lake Superior. (Prof. Hillis.) In the woody country,
Lat. 54°-64°, and about Slave and Bear Lakes, as far as the mouth of
Bear Lake River, and thence to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richard-
son.) Gravelly battures of alpine rivers, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 133
163. GEUM, Linn. (AVENS.)
(607.) G. album, Gmelin.
G. Virginianum, Murr. Hook. Fl. 1, 176.
Borders of damp or rich woods. Windsor and Truro, N.S. (How.)
Woodstock, rare; Keswick Ridge, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of
Quebec; Charleburg. (Brunet.) Rividre du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Valley of the Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.) Very abundant in western Quebec.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Plentiful throughout Ontario from the east to
Owen Sound. (Macoun.)
(608.) &. Virginianum, Linn.
Borders of fields in rich soil, rare. Hampton and Petitcodiac, N.B.
(J. Brittain.) Along the Grand Trunk Railway, three miles east of
Belleville, Ont. ; also Township of Brighton, Northumberland Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Chippawa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Near London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
(609.) G. macrophyllum, Willd.
G. strictum, var. 8, Hook. Fl. I., 175.
Cold, rocky or mountain woods. Truro, Middleton and Guysboro’,
N.S. (Lawson & Baill.) Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll..Herb.) Hud-
son’s Brook, Kent Co., also St. John, N.B., not common. (Fowler's Cat.)
.Riviére du Loup, Q. (Z'homas.) Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) North-east shore of Lake Superior, between the
Pic River and Otter Head; American Portage, Dawson Route, west of
Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Coast Range near Bute Inlet; and Queen
‘Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(610.) G. strictum, Ait.
G. Canadense, Murr. Michx. FI. L., 300.
From Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Coast Range in British
Columbia. A very common species in thickets and fence corners in
the east, and on the borders of ravines and low prairies in the west.
(611.) G. vernum, Torr. & Gray.
Open, damp woods, Amherstburg, on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(612.) . rivale, Linn. Purple Avers.
Around springs and in boggy places. Common from Nova Scotia
and Newfoundland to the Coast Range, B.C.
134 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(613.) &. triflorum, Pursh.
G. ciliatum, Pursh, 352.
G. pubescens, Hook. FI. I., 175.
Sieversia triflora, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.
Rocky ground, on dry vidges. Labrador. (Morrison.) Newfound-
land. (Cormack.) Limestone rocks, east of Trenton Station, on the
Grand Trunk Railway; also, on the same line in a rock cutting, east
of Shannonville Station, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)
Galt, Ont. (Buchan.) Abundant on the western prairies, and ex-
tending to Peace River and through the Rocky Mountains to British
Columbia. (Macoun.) lake Athabasca. (Richardson.)
(614.) G. calthifolium, Menzies.
G. radiatum, Pursh, 352, not Michaux.
Sierersia dilitata, R. Br., in Parry’s lst Voy. 276.
S. radiata, Hook. Fl. L., 177, not R. Br.
North-west coast of America. (dJ/enzies.) Ounalashka and Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(615.) &. glaciale, Fisch.
Sreversia glacialis, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.
Shores of the Arctic Sea, west of the Mackenzie River. (franklin.)
Cape Lisburne, in Behring’s Straits. (Beechy.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(616.) G. Rossii, Seringe.
Sirrersia Rossii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. 1, 176.
Melville Island. (Parry.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Bay of
St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) Islands north of Lancaster Sound and
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. humile, Torr. & Gray.
Sieversia humilis, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.)
164. WALDSTEINIA, Willd. (BARREN STRAWBERRY.)
(617.) W. fragarioides, Tratt.
Dalibarda fragarioides, Michx. Fl. L, 300.
Camaropis fragarioides, Nestler. Hook. Fl. I., 177.
Wooded hillsides, quite common in Ontario, from Ottawa to Cock-
burn Island, in Lake Huron. Generally on dry, sandy soil.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 135
165. SIBBALDIA, Linn. (SIBBALDIA.)
(618.) S. procumbens, Linn.
Potentilla procumbens, DeClairv. Macoun’s Cat., No. 541.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On the top of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Q. (acoun.) Mountain top,
S. Kootanie Pass; Coast Range, B.C. (Dawson.) Swamp Creek,
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Prairies, and upon the heights
of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
166. CHAM/ERHODOS, Bunge.
(619.) C. erecta, Bunge.
Sibbaldia erecta, Linn. Pursh, 211.
Dry, gravelly slopes and hillsides throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.) About Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Among
the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
* 167. FRAGARIA, Tourn. (STRAWBERRY.)
(620.) F. Virginiana, Duchesne. Wild Strawberry.
F. Canadensis, Michx. Hook. Fl. L, 185.
Abundant from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Coast Range
of British Columbia, and north to Lat. 64°. It bears fruit abundantly
everywhere, but more particularly on newly cleared lands.
(621.) F. vesea, Linn. Wood Strawberry.
This is a forest species, fruiting abundantly in grassy woods. Not
so common as the other, but having the same range to the west. It
seems to be confined to a more southern latitude, as it has not been
found north of Lat. 56° on Peace River.
(622.) F. Chilensis, Duchesne.
Common along the shores of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
and extending north to “Point Bodugo”. (Scowler.) This is the
strawberry found west of the Coast Range.
Var. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. I, 185.
Ef. Chilensis, var. 8 & y in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 448.
Queen Charlotte Islands (Dawson.)
136 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
168. POTENTILLA, Linn. (CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.)
(623.) P. arguta, Pursh.
Dry rocky thickets and open prairies. Keswick Ridge, N.B. (Moser.)
Devil’s Rapids, River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) From the vicinity of
Ottawa this species is more or less -abundant to northern British
Columbia on the Nachacco River. (Macoun.) In the Nicola Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) Woody country as far north as Lat. 65°. (Richardson.)
(624.) P. glandulosa, Lindl.
P. arguta, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 186, in part.
P. fissa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 446.
Rocky Mountains in the 8. Kootanie Pass, and along the southern
border of British Columbia. (Dawson.)
(625.) P. Norvegica, Linn.
Very abundant in cultivated grounds, river bottoms and on lake
shores. From Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north
as Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Hudson’s Bay. (&. Bell.) Labrador
coast. (Butler.) -Sitka and Point Barrow to the Mackenzie River.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. hirsuta, Torr. & Gray.
P. hirsuta, Michx. Hook. Fl. L, 193.
From Quebec to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Michaux.) Plains of
the Saskatchewan. (Lichardson.) Lake Mistassini. (J. Richardson.)
Borders of ponds and lakes, prairie region; and doubtless frequent in
Ontario, (Macoun.)
(626.) P. rivalis, Nutt., var. millegrana, Watson.
P. millegrana, Engelm. Macoun’s Cat., No. 535.
Borders of ponds and lakelets in the south-western part of the prairie
region. Rather common. (Macoun.)
(627.) P. supina, Linn.
P. paradoxa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 437.
Borders of lakes and ponds. Burlington Beach, Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) Shores of Toronto Island and westward up the lake shores
to Amherstburg, Ont. Abundant on the shores of Long Lake, Old
Wives’ Lakes, Gull Lake, and many others in the prairie region.
(Macoun.)
(628.) P. Pennsylvanica, Linn.
Dry, gravelly soil. North shore of St. Lawrence, Murray Bay.,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 137
(McGill Coll. Herb.) St. Croix; Riviére du Loup, Q. (Prunet.) St.
Roche des Autruts,Q. (Maclagan.) Lake Superior. (Prof. Ellis.)
On gravel beaches, both above and below Mont Louis, Gaspé coast, Q.
Very abundant on the western plains and through the Rocky Moun-
tains to Spence’s Bridge, in British Columbia. (Macoun.) As far north
as Bear Lake, and from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson.) Churchill River and near York Factory. (£. Bell.)
Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
Var. strigosa, Pursh, 356.
Abundant on the western plains and near Cache Creek, in Britis
Columbia. The common form in the prairie region. (Macoun.)
Var. bipinnatifida, Torr. & Gray.
P. bipinnatifida, Dougl. Hook. FI. L, 188.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers. (Douglas.) Vicinity
of Old Wives’ Lakes, N.W.T., and westward. (Macoun.)
Var. glabrata, Watson.
P. sericea, var. glabrata, Hook. Fl. I., 189.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.. (Drummond.)
(629.) P. Hookeriana, Lehm.
Collected on the Saskatchewan ; locality not stated. (Bourgeau.)
British America. (Watson.) We have never met with this species.
(630.) P. pulchella, R.Br.
Islands of the Arctic Sea, (foss.) Shores of the mainland between
the Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. (Richardson.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.) Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(631.) P. Hippiana, Lehm.
P. Pennsylvanica, var. Hippiana, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 438.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers and prairies of the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Very abundant in the prairie region,
extending to the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia, below Cache
Creek. (Macoun.) Pine River, Lat. 55° (Dawson.)
Var. pulcherrima, Watson.
P. pulcherrima, Hook. FI. I., 190.
P. Pennsylvanica, var. pulcherrima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 488.
P. rubricaulis, Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
On the prairies as well as on dry banks, in the Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 52°-56°.. (Drummond.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnepegoosis, Man.
138 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
On limestone rocks near Stuart Lake, and at Cache Creek, B.C.
(Macoun.)
(632.) P. effusa, Dougl.
On elevated grounds of the Assiniboine, and the higher parts of the
Red River, plentiful. (Douglas.) Very common on the Souris Plain,
but seems to merge into the preceding species farther to the west.
(Macoun.)
(633.) P. Plattensis, Nutt.
P. sericea, var. }3, Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Very common from Cut Arm Creek, N.W.T., westward, and south-
ward towards the 49th parallel on saline, marshy soils. (Macoun.)
Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeau.)
(634.) P. dissecta, Pursh. Hook. FI. I., 193.
P. diversifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 190. Macoun’s Cat., No. 548.
P. Drummondii, Hook. Fl. I., 189. Macoun’s Cat., No. 556.
P. rubricaulis, Hook. FI. I., 191.
York Factory and Echimamish River. (&. Bell.) Near Hudson’s
Bay. (Pursh.) About Bear Lake, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.) Alpine
woods and prairies in the Rocky Mountains, as well as on the higher
summits, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains in the S.
Kootanie Pass, and on the Coast Range, B.C. (Dawson.) Great Slave
Lake. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
(635.) P. gracilis, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I., 192.
P. nivea, var. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Common throughout the western prairies and extending into British
Columbia.
Var. flabelliformis, Torr. & Gray.
P. flabelliformis, Hook. FI. I., 192. Macoun’s Cat., 549.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond...) Abundant on the:
western prairies. (JMacoun.)
Var. fastigiata, Watson.
P. fastigiata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 440.
Old Wives Lakes, N.W.T., and westward, rare. (Macoun.)
Var. rigida, Watson.
P. chrysantha, Hook. FI. I., 193.
P. rigida, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 440.
P. Nuttallii, Lehm. Macoun’s Cat., No. 554.
Moist prairies near the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) In low
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 139
spots where water gathers in the spring, and near the margins of the
larger pools and depressions in the prairie. The commonest form of
the species. (dMacoun.)
(636.) P. pilosa, Willd.
On bank of the Canada Southern Railway, a little above the Clifton
House, Niagara Falls. A fine clump of this species was found growing
here in great luxuriance in July, 1882. Its tall rigid stems and light
yellow flowers distinguish it from P. gracilis, its near ally. This.species
evidently came from southern Europe.
(637.) P. argentea, Linn. Silvery Cinque-foil.
Introduced into dry fields and pastures. In some localities probably
indigenous. Halifax, Truro, Margaretville, and Kentville, N.S. (Me-
Kay.) Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Rivitre du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Field, back of the Drill Shed,
Kingston, Ont.; sandy fields, Picton, Ont; near Colborne, Ont., in a
field; and abundant on vacant lots near St. James’ Cemetery, Toronto.
(Macoun.) Dry fields near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(638.) P. humifusa, Nutt.
P. concinna, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 193. Macoun’s Cat., No. 555.
Plains of the Saskatchewan about Carlton. (Drummond.) On the
tops of gravel knolls or hills throughout the prairie region, but rare.
(Macoun.)
(639.) P. nivea, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 195.
Labrador. (Hooker.) Churchill River. (A. Bell.) Dry and ele-
vated ridges of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Shores of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Islands of the Arctic Sea. (Parry.) Kotzebue Sound,
and coast west of Cape Bathurst. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
Var. Vahliana, Seem.
P. Vahliana, Hook. Fl. I., 194.
P. nivea, var. y, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 441.
Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Shores of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Islands of the Arctic Ocean. (Parry.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. dissecta, Watson.
Rocky Mountains at the head of Smoky River. (Watson.) This is
avery variable species.
140 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(640.) P. fragiformis, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 194.
In the Aleutian Islands. (De Candolle.) St. Paul’s Island. (Har-
rington.)
Var. villosa, Regel.
P. villosa, Pall. Hook. Fi. I., 194.
From Vancouver Island to Alaska. (Watson.) Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka and Sitka. (othr.
Alask.) Dundas Island, B.C. (Scouler.)
(641.) P. maculata, Pour.
P. Salisburgensis, Henke. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 440.
P. opaca, Pursh, 355, not Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 191.
Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(642.) P. frigida, Villars.
P. minima, Gray. Manual, Ist ed., 122.
Mackenzie River eastward to Baffin’s Bay, and north to Melville and
other Arctic Islands; also Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(643.) P. emarginata, Pursh. Hook. FI. I, 194.
P. nana, Willd. Hook. Fl. L, 194.
P. Grenlandica, R.Br. in Ross’s Voy., 142.
P. nivea, var. concolor, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 441.
On the most elevated of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) La-
brador. (Kohlmeister.) Kotzebue Sound, and between Point Barrow
and Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(644.) P. gelida, C. A. Meyer.
P. flabellifolia, Hook. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 442.
Summit of the Cascade Range, near Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) Cascade
Mountains. (Lyall.)
(645.) P. palustris, Scop. Marsh Five-Finger.
Comarum palustre, Linn. Pursh, 156.
Very common in marshes and bogs from Labrador and Nova Scotia
to the Pacific, and north to the Arctic Sea. Sitka and Island of St.
Lawrence. (othr. Alask.)
(646.) P. biflora, Willd.
Barren grounds, from Lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound and Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 141
(647.) P. fruticosa, Linn. Shrubby Cinque-foil.
Common on the rocky margins of rivers and lakes from Labrador
and Newfoundland to the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea.
Besides being frequent in Eastern Canada at low altitudes, it becomes
truly alpine in the Rocky Mountains and is found almost at the snow
line. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(648.) P. tridentata, Solander.
Labrador and Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
Lower St. Lawrence, top of Belceil Mountain, at Three Rivers, north
and south shores Lake Huron and Lake Superior, and westward
through the wooded country to the Rocky Mountains in the Peace
River Pass, and northward to Lat. 64°. It seems to thrive equally well
on rockg or sand. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
(649.) P. Anserina, Linn. Silver Weed.
Very abundant along the eastern coast and on the margins of all
rivers and lakes throughout the interior and northward to the Arctic
Sea. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. grandis, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 189.
Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands, and doubtless along
the coast of British Columbia. (Macoun & Dawson )
Var. GCroenlandica, Tratt.
P. Anserina, var. Egedii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 444.
Whale Fish Islands. (Parry.)
(650.) P. Canadensis, Linn.
P. pumila, Poir. Pursh, 354.
Pictou and Halifax, N.S. (McKay.) Vicinity of Quebec; St.
Hyacinthe, Q. (Brunet.) Abundant at Riviére du Loup, Q. (L’homas.)
Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Very common on sandy
soil both in fields and open woods throughout Ontario to Lake Huron.
Var. simplex, Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 443.
P. simplex, Michx. Hook. FI, I., 193.
Common in fields, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) About Quebec City. (Shep-
pard. Abundant in damp woods at Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.)
142 GEOLOWIUAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(651.) P. nemoralis, Nestler. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 444.
P. Tormeitilla, var. nemoralis, Seringe.
P. Tormentilla, Lawson.
Labrador. (Hooker, vide Torr. & Gray.) St. Ann’s, Cape Breton.
(Lawson.)
Watson, in his revision of Potentilla, doubts the occurrence of this
species in America, but Dr. Lawson found it some years ago, as cited
above.
169. ALCHEMILLA, Tourn. (LADIES’ MANTLE.)
(652.) A. arvensis, Scop. Parsley Piert.
A, Aphanes, Pursh, 112.
A. cuneifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 482.
A. occidentalis, Nutt. Macoun’s Cat., No. 516.
Abundant on dry gravelly hills and along the coast, near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Lucyfield, N.S. (Lawson.)
(653.) A. vulgaris, Linn.
South coast of Labrador. (Butler.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
170. AGRIMONIA, Tourn. (AGRIMONY.)
(654.) A. Eupatoria, Linn. Common Agrimony.
A. pilosa, Pl. Bourgeau. 256. Macoun’s Cat., No. 517.
Rich moist thickets or borders of woods. Abundant from Nova
Scotia westward to near the Rocky Mountains.
Var. parviflora, Hook. Fl. I., 196.
A. striata, Michx. FI. I., 287.
This seems to be a little-known form, and requires investigation. It
should be looked for in western Ontario. (Macoun.) Lake Huron.
( Todd.)
(655.) A. parviflora, Ait.
A, Eupatoria, Michx. Fl. L., 287, chiefly.
A. suaveolens, Pursh, 336.
This species may be the form referred to by Hooker, and the above
variety have no existence in Ontario. In woods near Amherstburg,
Ont., 1882. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 143
171. POTERIUM, Linn. (BURNET.)
(656.) P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook.
Sanguisorba Canadensis, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 198.
S. media, Linn. Pursh, 116.
Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) St. Paul’s, and Magdalen Islands, Gulf
of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Truro, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Very
abundant from Port Daniel, along the Bay‘of Chaleur and the whole
coast of Gaspé. (Macoun.) Cacouna, Q. (Hilis.) South coast of La-
brador. (Butler.) Savanne, Q. (Holmes.) Northern British Columbia,
near Macleod’s Lake. (JMacoun.) Coast Range, near Bute Inlet, and
on the Misinchinca River, Pine Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Grassy pastures in the valleys of Ounalashka, Buckland River, Sitka,
Fort Youcon and Youcon River banks. (othr. Alask.)
(657.) P. officinale, Benth. & Hook.
Sanguisorba officinalis, Linn. Hook. Arct. Pl., 290.
Alaska. (Kennicott.) Arctic America, east of Mackenzie River.
(Hook, Arct. Pl.)
(658.) P. Sitchense, Watson.
Sanguisorba media, Hook. FI. I., 197.
S. Canadensis, var. latifolia, Hook. FI. I., 198.
Observatory Inlet, North-west coast. (Scouler.) It is probable that
all western localities of P. Oanadense refer to this species. (dMacoun.)
172. ROSA, Tourn. (ROSE.
(659.) R. setigera, Michx. Fl. I., 295. Climbing Rose.
Borders of thickets and along fences, at Amherstburg, Ont., and on
Pelee Island, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan )
(660.) R. Carolina, Linn. Swamp Rose.
R. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Fl. I., 296, in part.
Borders of swamps and damp thickets, from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick to the western part of Ontario.
(661.) R. luctda, Ehrh. Dwarf Wild Rose.
Newfoundland. (Hook. Fil. 1., 199.) Pictou, Cape Breton, and Mag-
dalen Islands, N.S. (McKay.) Lucyfield, N.S. (Lawson.) Common
144 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
in New Brunswick. (Fowler’s Cat.) Common in Quebec and Ontario,
and west to Lake Huron.
(662.) R. blanda, Ait. Early Wild Rose.
R. Pennsylvanica, Michx. FI. 1., 296, in part.
R. Woodsii,, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 460. Macoun’s Cat., 584.
? R. levigata, Borrer. Hook. FI. I., 200.
Thickets and old fields, very common, from Quebec westward to
British Columbia. On the western prairies and in British Columbia
this species is not well defined and requires more investigation.
(Macoun.) Pictou and Magdalen Islands, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Var. setigera, Crépin.
R. Woodsti, var., Hook. Fl. I., 199. Macoun’s Cat., No. 584.
R. stricta, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 461.
R. stricta, Macoun & Gibson. Macoun’s Cat., 584.
Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Cumberland
House on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Whiskey Island, Lake
Huron. (J. Bell.) North and east shores of Lake Superior, and
frequent on the northern prairies. (AMacoun.)
(663.) R. acicularis, Lind]. Var. Bourgeauiana, Crépin.
R. blanda, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 11.
R. cinnamomea, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 459.
R. Bourgeauiana, Crépin, 1. c., 303.
This species is doubtless confounded with the preceding variety, but
in the absence of a monograph of the western roses, I am unable to
separate them. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.)
(664.) R. Californica, Cham. & Schlecht.
R. fraxinifolia, Macoun’s Cat., No. 582.
Qualcho Lake, northern British Columbia. (Dawson.) Common in
woods around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(665.) R. gymnocarpa, Nutt.
Common in the valley of the Lower Fraser, and around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(666.) R. Nutkana, Presl.
R. cinnamomea, Hook. FI. I., 200.
R. fraxinifolia, Hook. FI. I., 199.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Douglas.) Sitka; Point Barrow to Mackenzie River; Fort Youcon.
(Rothr. Alask.) Eastward of the Mackenzie River. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 145
(667.) R. nitida, Willd. Pursh, 344.
R. blanda, Pursh, 334 & 749.
Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Possibly mixed with &. lucida, in the
Eastern Provinces. (Macoun.)
(668.) R. parviflora, Ehrh.
R. Caroliniana, Michx. FI. I., 295.
R. Lyonit, Pursh, 345.
Along Belly River, N.W.T., 1881. (Dawson.)
(669.) R. rubiginosa, Linn. Sweet Briar.
R. suaveolens, Pursh, 346.
Introduced and run wild. Old Windsor Road; also, near Bedford,
N.S. (Lawson.) Common in gardens and about dwellings, N. B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Borders of cultivated grounds, Q. (Brunet.) Along
roadsides, in fields in all the old settlements of Ontario.
(670.) R. micrantha, Smith.
Sparingly escaped from cultivation in a few localities. Montreal and
vicinity. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (J. Beil.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan)
Nots.—There is much confusion regarding the distribution of the
roses, and both in the east and west collectors should aim to get complete
specimens of every species.
(73. PIRUS, Linn. (PEAR. APPLE.)
(671.) P. coronaria, Linn. American Crab-Apple.
Malus coronaria, Mill. Michx. FI. I., 292.
Open woods and thickets, western Ontario. Valley of the Humber;
Queenston Heights, and woods along Lake Erie to Amherstburg, Ont.
(Macoun.) Prince’s Island, Lake Medad, Ont. (Logie.). Chippewa
and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Kettle Point, Lake Huron. (Gibdson.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Aldboro, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(672.) P. malus, Linn. Cultivated apple.
Spontaneous in thickets, in fence corners and old fields, at Belleville
and Picton, Ont. (Macoun.)
673.) P. arbutifolia, Linn. Choke-Berry.
Mespilus arbutifolia, Linn, Spec. 478. Michx. Fl. I, 290.
Common in swamps. Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Straits of Canso. (Baill.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario.
10
146 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OTF CANADA.
Var. melanocarpa, Hook. Fl. I., 204.
Mespilus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa, Michx. FI. L, 292.
P. melanocarpa, Willd. Pursh, 339.
The common form in New Brunswick. (Jowler’s Cat.) Rocky Lake,
N.S. (Lindsay.) Vicinity of Montreal. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Common
in Ontario, and extending to Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Route, west of
Lake Superior. (.Macoun.)
(674.) P. Americana, DC. American Mountain-Ash.
Sorbus Americana, Marsh. Pursh, 341.
P. Aucuparia, Meyer. Hook. Arct. Pl., 290, in part.
Cool, rocky woods. Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Pictou, and Cape
Breton Island, N.S. (McKay.) Halifax. (Zawson.) Common in
woods, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in Quebec and northern
Ontario, and especially so around Lake Superior. On islands in Lake
Winnipegoosis, Man., becoming a tree a foot in diameter. (Macoun.)
(675.) P. Sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.
Sorbus Aucuparia, var. 8, Michx. FI. I., 290.
P. Americana, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 23.
P. Aucuparia, Meyer. Pl. Bourgeau, 256 and 263.
Winnipeg River, Man. (Bourgeau.) Maline Rapids, Dawson Route,
west of Lake Superior; in woods north of Little Slave Lake, N.W.T.,
and westward through the Rocky Mountains. (Mfacoun.) Montreal
Mountain. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FI.
Ott.) North end of Lake Winnipeg. (A. Bell.) Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) This and the preceding species
either pass into each other or they are badly characterized. (Macoun.)
(676.) P. rivularis, Doug].
Nootka Sound and other parts of North-west America. (Menzies.)
Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.) Abundant on Vancouver Island and
in the Lower Valley of the Fraser. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands
and generally on the coast of British Columbia. Up the Skeena River,
B.C., to ninety miles from the sea. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
174. CRATAECUS, Linn. (WHITE THORN.)
(677.) ©. oxyacantha, Linn. English Hawthorn.
Cultivated in many parts of Ontario. Fruiting abundantly. Planted
for hedges in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 147
(678.) ©. coccinea, Linn. Scarlet-fruited Thorn.
C. glandulosa, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 201.
€. cordata. Hook. Fl. I, 201.
West coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Common in fields and
thickets. Windsor, N.S. (How.) Pictou, N.S. (MecKay.) Halifax,
N.S. (Sommers.) Frequent in Quebec; common in Ontario and west
to Winnipeg in coulés and stream valleys nearly to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.) Emerson, Man., and the Second Crossing of the
Souris, N.W.T., Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
(679. ©. tomentosa, Linn. Black or Pear Thorn.
C. flava, Hook. FI. I., 202.
Common in thickets, often becoyging a tree of considerable size.
Truro and vicinity, N.S. (dcGulNfoll. Herb.) Banks of streams,
rather common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Isle of Orleans. (Shepherd.)
Lotbiniére and Montreal. (Brunet.) Common throughout Ontario. —
Var. pyrifolia, Gray, Manual, 160.
C. pyrifolia, Ait. Hook. FI. I., 201.
Some fine specimens at Government House, Fredericton, N. B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Chaudiére
Falls, near Ottawa. (Pursh.) Michipicoten, Lake Superior; American
Portage, Dawson Route, west of Lake Superior, and at Amherstburg,
on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
Var. punctata, Gray, Manual, 2 ed., 124.
C. punctata, Jacq. Hook. FI. I., 201.
Montreal Mountain or vicinity. (Holmes.) Common at Belleville
and from Niagara to Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.)
(680.) ©. subvillosa, Schrader.
C. coccinea, var. (?) mollis, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 465.
C. tomentosa, var. mollis, Gray, Manual, 160.
Vicinity of Montreal. (Holmes.) Abundant along the Detroit River
below Amherstburg ; on Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
North of Lake Superior. (R. Bell.) Aldboro, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(681.) C. Crus-galli, Linn. Cockspur Thorn.
Abundant at Queenston Heights and westward to Amherstburg, on
Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Niagara and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) About
Lake Erie. (Douglas.)
148 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(682.) ©. Dougiasii, Lindl.
C. punctata, var. brevispina, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I, 201.
C. sanguinea, var. Douglasii, Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 464.
C. rivularis, Macoun’s Cat., No. 593.
? C. glandwosa, Pursh, 337, in part.
On Vancouver Island at Victoria, and on the mainland from Lat. 49°-
55°, near Mac!eod’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
(683.) C. rivularis, Nutt.
This species will likely be found in southern British Columbia.
175. AMELANCHIER, Medic. (JUNE-BERRY.)
(684.) A. alnifolia, Nutt. Western June-Berry.
Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh, 340, in part.
A. ovalis, var. semi-integrifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 202.
A, Canadensis, var. alnifolia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 473.
A. Canadensis, var. pumila, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 474.
Abundant on Vancouver Island and throughout British Columbia.
The form on the prairies east of the Rocky Mountains and in the Peace
River region, which produces such excellent berries, doubtless belongs
here. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands, rare. (Dawson.)
(685.) A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray.
Pyrus Botryapium, Linn. Pursh, 339.
Mespilus Canadensis, var. 8, cordata, Michx. F1. I., 291.
Amelanchier Botryapium, Lindl. Hook. FI. I., 202.
A. ovalis, Hook. Fl. I., 202, in part.
This variety takes the form of a tree and is often found thirty feet
high and having a diameter of six or more inches. It always grows in
woods. Newfoundland. (Zodd.) Common at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Halifax. (Zawson.) Very common in open
woods, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Abundant in Quebec and Ontario.
(Macoun.) Islands in Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.)
Var. rotundifolia, Torr. & Gray.
Mespilus Canadensis, var. rotundifolia, Michx. FI. I., 291.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Near Amherstburgh, Ont.
(Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 149
Var. (?) oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray.
Mespilus Canadensis, var. obovalis, Michx. FI. i 291.
Amelanchier ovalis, DC. Hook. FI. I., 202.
Pyrus ovalis, Pursh, 340.
On rocky banks and the borders of dry fields, frequent. Windsor,
N.S. (How.) Rather rare in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Com-
mon in Quebec and Ontario, extending westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (JMacoun.) From the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) Between Lake Winnipeg and York Factory. (R. Bell.)
Var. (?) oligocarpa, Torr. & Gray.
Mespilus Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, Michx. FI. I., 291.
Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh, 340, in part.
Amelanchier sanguinea, DC. Hook. FI. I., 203.
Newfoundland. (WMorrison.) South coast of Labrador. (Butler.)
St. Paul’s and Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Mc Kay.)
Common in swamps, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Cape Rouge, Q.
(Brunet.) Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.). Abundant in woods, Gaspé
Peninsula; Cedar Swamp, north of Norwood, Peterboro Co., Ont. ;
Fishing Islands, Lake Huron; and Loon Portage, Dawson Route, West
of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Hudson’s Bay. (W. Williams.)
XXXII. SAXIFRAGACEM. Saxirrace Faminy.
176. SAXIFRACA, Linn. (SAXIFRAGE.)
(686.) S. oppositifolia, Linn.
S. spathulata, var. (?) arctica, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 576.
Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison.) Anticosti in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence. (Goldie.) Rocky Mountains near the highest summits,
Lat. 52°-56. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Lat. 56°, Peace
River Pass; Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Top of Kootanie
Pass (7,000 feet), Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C.
(Cowley.) Arctic seashore andislands. (franklin.) Gulf of Boothia.
(Back.) Between the Coppermine River and Point Turn Again.
(Simpson.) Ounalashka, Cape Lisburne, Kotzebue Sound, and northern
coast. (othr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(687.) §. Eschscholtzii, Sternb.
Cape Newnham, north-west coast of America, Lat. 59°. (David
150 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Nelson.) Behring’s Straits. (WMenzies.) Arctic seashore west of
Mackenzie River. (Franklin.) Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(688.) S. Aizoon, Jacq.
Labrador. (Morrison.) On moist rocks opposite Rothsay, N.B.
(Prof. Bailey.) At the Narrows, St. John River, N.B. (JE. Wetmore.)
Cape Bon Ami, Gaspé. (J. Bell.) High cliffs along the Gaspé coast;
on rocks at the little falls St. Anne des Monts River, Gaspé; on rocks
four miles north of Michipicotin, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Upper
Fall of the Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Prof. Ellis) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(689.) S. serpyllifolia, Pursh, 310. ‘
Cape Newnhan, north-west coast, Lat. 59°. (David Nelson.) Behr-
ing’s Straits. (enzies.) Cape Lisburne, Ounalashka, and Island of
St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
(690.) §. czespitosa, Linn.
? &. androsacea, Pursh, 310. Hook. Fl. I, 244.
S. exarata, Hook. Fi. I., 244.
Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler.) Newfoundland. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) On cliffs along the Gaspé coast between Magdalen River and
Ste. Anne des Monts, 1882. Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Ma-
coun.) Frequent upon the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drum-
mond.) Fort Confidence and Coppermine River. (Simpson.) Kotzebue
Sound and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. uniflora, Hook. Fl. I., 244.
S. venosa, Haworth. Hook. Fl. 1, 244.
S. cespitosa, R. Brown. Ross. Voy. IL, 192.
S. uniflora, R. Brown. Parry’s Ist Voy.
Melville Island. (Hopner.) Arctic Islands. (Parry.) Smith’s
Sound, Greenland. (Hook.. Arct. Pl.)
(691.) S. sileniflora, Sternb.
Abundant on rocks around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.)
Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(692.) S. adscendens, Linn.
S. petrea, Hook. FI. I., 245.
S. controversa, Sternb. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Macoun’s Cat., 642.
,
Alpine rivulets in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) On the
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 151
upper slopes of Mount Selwyn, Lat. 56°, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Pipe Stone Pass,
9,100 feot, and Kootanie River. (Hector.)
(693.) S. rivularis, Linn.
S. petiolaris, R. Brown, Ross’ Voy., 142.
S. Cymbalaria, & var. B., Sternb. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 574.
Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Arctic seashore and islands, abun-
dant. (Hooker.) Elevated places in the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo
Mountains, B.C (Cowley.) Top of Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Little Whale River, Hudson’s Bay. (G. Barnston.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. hyperborea, Hook. Fi. L, 246.
S. hyperborea, R. Brown. Parry’s Ist Voy., 274.
Melville Island. (Parry.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Var. Laurentiana, Engler.
S. Laurentiana, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 245.
Island of St. Lawrence in Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.)
(694.) S. exilis, Stephan.
28. Sibirica, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 573, in part.
Kotzebue Sound, and Bay of Eschscholtz. (Rothr. Alask.)
(695.) S. cernua, Linn.
2S. Sibirica, Pursh. Hook. Fl. IL, 246.
Labrador and Newfoundland. (Pursh.) Arctic sea shore and
islands, abundant. (Hooker.) Common on the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass, and in the
Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Between the Coppermine River
and Point Turn Again. (Simpson.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Back.)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
(696.) S. ranunculifolia, Hook. Fl. L., 246.
Kettle Falls of the Columbia River and on the Rocky Mountains.
( Douglas.) Under overhanging rocks just outside of Yale, B. C.
(Macoun.)
(697.) S. Jamesii, Torr.
Dry, rocky situations upon the more elevated of the Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
152 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(698.) S. nivalis, Linn.
Labrador. (Pursh.) Arctic seashore and Islands. (Hooker.) Back’s
Great Fish River. (Back.) Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Top of
Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Ounalashka, Cape Lis-
burne, and other stations along the coast. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(699.) §. Virginiensis, Michx. Spring Saxifrage.
S. vernalis, Willd. Hook. FI. I., 248.
York County, N.B. (Prof. Batley.) Mouth of Mactaquac River,
York Co., N.B. (Vroom.) From Riviere du Loup westward to the
Pacific Coast. This species delights iu dry gravelly soil on the margins
of rivers and flowers early. Often named nivalis by the early collectors.
(700.) S. reflexa, Hook. Fl. I., 249.
S. Virginiensis, Hook. Arct. Pl. as to Arctic habitat.
Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine
Rivers. (Richardson.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Back.)
(701.) S. integrifolia, Hook. Fi. I., 249.
Abundant on Vancouver Island, B.C. (dMacoun.) Drew’s Harbor,
B.C., 1876. (Dawson.)
(702.) §. hieracifolia, Waldst. & Kit.
S. pluntaginifolia, Hook. in Parry’s 2nd Voy., 394.
Arctic Islands. (arry.) Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the
Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. (Richardson.) Island of St. Law-
rence, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) ast coast of Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(703.) S. leucanthemifolia, Michx. var. ferruginea, Torr. &
Gray.
S. leucanthemifolia, Lodd. Hook. Fl. I., 250.
Rocks on the “Height of Land,” in the Rocky Mountains, and at
the Portage, near the source of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Dundas
Island, B.C. (Scouler.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Var. Brunoniana, Torr. & Gray.
S. stellaris, var. Brunoniana, Bong. Veg. Sitch., 140.
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka and Cape Prince of
Wales. (Rothr. Alask.) Norfolk Sound, (Hschscholtz.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 153
(704.) S. Lyallii, Engler.
S. Davurica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 569, in part.
S. Davurica, Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Macoun’s Cat., No. 637.
S. Davurica, Hook. Fl. I., 250, in part.
On the slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49.°
(Dawson.) Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°. (Bourgeau.) Alpine rivulets in
the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(705.) S. Davurica, Pallas.
S. flabellifolia, R.Br. Torr. & Gray, FI. L., 569.
Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Cape Lisburne, Kotzebue Sound, and
Ounalashka, (othr. Alask.)
(706.) S. stellaris, Linn.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. comosa, Poir.
S. foliosa, R.Br. Hook. Fl. L, 251.
Arctic Islands. (Parry.)
(707.) S. punctata, Linn.
S. spicata & arguta, Don. Hook. Fl. I., 251.
S. estivalis, Fisch. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 567.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Slopes
of the Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Sledge
Island, and Northwest coast. (David Nelson.) Behring’s Straits,
(Menzies.) Cape Prince of Wales, Sitka, Ounalashka, and Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. Nelsoniana, Engler.
S. Nelsoniana, Don. Hook. FI. L., 251.
S. estivalis, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 568.
Cape Newnham, on the north-west coast, Lat. 59°. (David Nelson.)
Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(708.) S. nudicaulis, Don.
North-west coast. (David Nelson.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.)
Between Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. (Rothr. Alask.)
(709.) S. heterantha, Hook. Fl. I., 252.
S. Mertensiana, Bong. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 568.
S. estivalis, var. 4. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I.,568.
Common on moist rocks of the Columbia, from its source to Lat. 49°,
154 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Dougias.) Cascades on Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.) Cape Disap-
pointment. (Scouler.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(710.) S. Hirculus, Linn.
S. propinqua, R.Br. Ross’ Voy. 142.
From the Saskatchewan to the Arctic seashore and islands, where it
is common; Behring’s Straits, Cape Hope, and Kotzebue Sound.
( Hooker.) York Factory and Churchill River, Hudson’s Bay. (&. Beil.)
Back’s Great Fish River. (Back.)
(711.) S. flagellaris, Willd.
S. setigera, Pursh, 312.
North-west coast. (David Nelson.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.)
Arctic islands, gathered by all Arctic voyagers. (Hooker.) Summits
of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Baffin’s Bay and Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(712.) S. bronchialis, Linn.
North-west coast. (David Nelson.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.)
“ Height of Land,” at the Portage of the Columbia River, on the west
side of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Cascade Mountains, above
Yale, B.C.; and Bow River Pass. (dMacoun.) West Butte, Long. 49°
30’, S. Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°; and Skeena River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound, Wainright Inlet, and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. cherlerioides, Engler.
S. Pseudo-Burseriana, Fisch. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 565.
S. nitida, Ledeb. Rothr. Alask., 446.
Ounalashka and Bay of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) Gatcho Lake,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(713.) S. tricuspidata, Retz.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Colt. Herb.) From Lake Winnipeg to
the Arctic sea and islands, and from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Hooker.) Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°; between the Coppermine
River and Point Turn Again. (Back.) North end of Lake Winnipeg
to York Factory. (#. Bell.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
Rocks at the Peace River Canyon, Lat. 56°; and on rocks at Stuart’s
Lake. (Macoun.) On Slave and Back’s Great Fish River. (Back.)
Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka; Fort Youcon, Lat. 66°. (Rothr.
Alask.) Greenland, (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 155
’
(714.) S. aizoides, Linn.
South-east coast of Labrador. (Butler.) On high cliffs along the
Gaspé coast between the Magdalen River and Ste. Anne des Monts.
(Macoun.) Indian Cove, Gaspé; west coast of Newfoundland. (J. Beil.)
Barren country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea and Islands, frequent.
(Richardson.) Swamps and alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond) Boggy slope Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass; and in
the Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Little Whale River, Hud-
son’s Bay. (Barnston.) Hast coast of Hudson’s Bay. (&. Bell.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
177. BOYKINIA, Nutt.
(715.) B. occidentalis, Torr. & Gray.
Saxifraga elata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 575.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(716.) B. Richardsoni, Gray.
Saxifraga Richardsonit, Hook. Fl. I., 247.
Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers.
(Richardson.) West of Mackenzie River. (Simpson.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)
178. TOLMIEA, Torr. & Cray.
(717.) T. Menziesii, Torr. & Gray.
Tiarella Menziesti, Pursh. Hook. FI. I., 238.
Heuchera Menziesii, Hook. FI. I., 237.
North-west coast of America; at Bank’s Island. (Menzies.) Woods
near the southern boundary of B.C. (Cowley.)
179. TELLIMA, R. Brown.
(718.) T. grandiflora, R. Br.
Mitella grandiflora, Pursh, 314.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Damp woods, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.) Cascade Mountains, east of Fort Hope, B.C. Misin-
chinca River, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Sitka and the
islands adjacent to the coast. (Rothr. Alask.)
156 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(719.) T. parviflora, Hook. Fl. 1, 239.
Lithophragma parviflora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 584.
Very abundant on Vancouver Island in the vicinity of Victoria.
(Macoun.) On the Lower Fraser and near Yale, B.C. (Hill.)
180. TIARELLA, Linn. (FALSE MITRE WORT.)
(720.) T. cordifolia, Linn.
Rich shady woods and ravines. Rare in woods, Pictou, N.S. (Mc-
Kay.) Truro, N.S. (Lindsay.) Rare in the northern counties, com-
mon about Fredericton, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Common in rich woods
throughout Ontario and Quebec.
(721.) T. unifoliata, Hook. Fl. L., 238.
Heuchera longipetala, Mog. Hook. FI. I., 237.
North-west coast of America. (De Candolle.) Height of Land in
the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Columbia, and at Portage
River. (Drummond.) Vancouver Island, around Victoria. In woods
north of Fort St. James, Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Telegraph Trail
near the Blackwater River ; and at McLeod’s Lake, B.C.; S. Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
(722.) T. trifoliata, Linn.
T. laciniata, Hook. FI. I., 239.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Common on the coast,
and in the Rocky Mountains on the west side of the ridge. (Douglas.)
Height of Land, near a large glacier, upon the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Queen Charlotte Islands ; and Cascade Mountains, above
Mount Hope. (Dawson.) Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Macoun.)
Sitka and Alaskan coast. (othr. Alask.)
(81. MITELLA, Tourn. (MITRE WORT.)
(723.) M. diphylla, Lino. , 3
Rich woods and banks. Riviére du Loup, Q: (Thomas.) Vicinity
of Quebec, and cemetery of St. Charles. (Brunet.) Abundant about
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Very common in Ontario, especially
in the lake and river counties.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 157
(724.) M. nuda, Linn.
X. reniformis, Lam. Pursh, 314.
M. cordifolia, Lam. Pursh, 314.
Very common in cool, damp woods or swamps, from Labrador, New-
foundland and Nova Scotia to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic
Sea. One of our most widely distributed species.
Var. 3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 586.
M. prostrata, Michx. FI. I., 270.
This form is easily known by the long runners producing terminal
racemes.
(725.) M. pentandra, Hook.
Frequent in mountain woods, from Lat. 49° northward. Moist alpine
woods in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eastern base of the
Cascade Mountains on Skagit River, B.C. On the slopes of the Rocky
Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) In woods near Mc-
Leod’s Lake, B.C. (dMacoun.)
(726.) M. trifida, Graham.
Alpine rivulets, north of Smoky River, on the east side of the Rocky
Mountains, in Lat. 56°, rare. (Drummond.) On the slopes of the
mountains, near their summits, at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
(727.) M. caulescens, Nutt.
Occurs on the southern boundary of British Columbia.
182. HEUCHERA, Linn. (ALUM-ROOT.)
(728.) H. micrantha, Dougl.
North-west coast of America. (Scouler.) Common around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) East of Hope Mountain, Cascade Range ;
Coast Range, near Bute Inlet; Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
(729.) H. glabra, Willd.
North-west coast of America, also Nootka. (Hooker.) Rocky Moun-
tains, at Providence and Portage Rivers, in Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
On the Misinchinca River, near the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.)
Sitka. (Rothr, Alask.)
158 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(730.) H. cylindrica, Dougl.
H. ovalifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 581.
HI. glabella, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 581. ‘
On the declivities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams, on
the west side of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) On the dry slopes
along the Fraser and Thompson Rivers from Yale to Spence’s Bridge.
(Macoun.)
(731.) H. Hallii, Gray. (?)
Slopes of the Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.) Bow River Pass, 51°, 1879. -(acoun.) I refer the speci-
mens obtained to this species, but they accord best with HZ. glabella,
Nutt., which, however, Watson makes a synonym of H. cylindrica. The -
spike is long and the flowers are in sub-verticillate, conglomerate
heads. It is certainly distinct from H. cylindrica.
(732.) H. parvifolia, Nutt.
On dry gravel ridges west of Fort Walsh, on the top of the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
(733.) H. hispida, Pursh.
H. Richardsonii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 237.
Dry banks of rivers, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) From the Saskat-
chewan west to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Western end of
Lake Shebandowan, Dawson Route, 1872; from Manitoba to the
Rocky Mountains, throughout the prairie and Peace River regions-
(Macoun.) Abundant from the Lake of the Woods, westward. (Daw.
son.) Echimamish River to Oxford House, near Hudson’s Bay, and
along the Nelson River to Hudson’s Bay. (AR. Bell.)
(734.) H. Americana, Linn.
Hi. cortusa, Michx. FI. I., 171.
H, viscida, Pursh, 187.
Woods near Amherstburg. Lake Erie, 1882. (Macoun.) Malden,
Ont. (Maclagan.)
183. CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tf’t. (GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE.)
(735.) C. Americanum, Schweinitz.
C. oppositifolium, Walter. Pursh, 269.
Ditches and spring brooks, Pictou, N.S. (WeKay.) Common about
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 159
springs in low wet places, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) Common throughout
Quebec and Ontario. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
(736.) C. alternifolium, Linn.
In the woody, and principally in the barren country of British
America. (Richardson.) On the Arctic islands. (Parry.) On the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Vicinity of Quesnel, and up the
Telegraph Trail to Fort St. James, Stuart Lake, B.C. (dMacoun.)
Ilgacho Brook, northern B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape
Lisburne. (othr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(84. PARNASSIA, Tourn. (GRASS OF PARNASSUS.)
(737.) P. palustris, Linn.
Throughout Canada, as far north as the Arctic Circle, and in swamps
in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°; Labrador and Newfoundland ;
and Cape Newnham, on the west coast, Lat. 59°. (Hooker.) Metapedia
River, Q., near its mouth. (Macoun.) Island of Anticosti. (Brunet.)
On damp soil, Little Metis, Q. (Harrington.) Under the bank at Fort
Francis, Rainy River, and westward to the Pacific. (Macoun.) Pine
River Pass, in the Rocky Mountains, and frequent in British Columbia.
(Dawson.) From Oxford House to York Factory, and on the Churchill
River. (R. Beil.)
(738.) P. parviflora, DC.
Labrador: (Butler.) Romantic Islet, north-east, Magdalen Islands,
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (MecKay.) Grand Métis, Q. (Burgess.) Borders
of the Rivers Ste. Anne, Jacques Cartier, Q. (Brunet.) Very abundant
along the Gaspé coast from Cape Rosier to Ste. Anne des Monts; also
up the Ste. Anne River, Q.; north shore of Lake Superior, near Pic
River. Red Bay, Lake Huron; Fort Edmonton on the Saskatchewan,
and on rocks, Peace River, Canyon, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Sandy banks,
formed by the floods in the rivers among Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.
(Drummond.)
(739.) P. Caroliniana, Michx.
P. palustris, Pursh, 208.
Crevices of rocks and on floating logs in rivers. Flat lands, Resti-
gouche, N.B. (Chalmers.) Andover, Victoria, N.B. (J. EZ. Wetmore.)
Vicinity of Quebec; Isle of Orleans. (Brunet.) Crevices of rocks,
Niagara Falls; Presqu’ He Point, Lake Ontario; and Pott’s Mill Dam,
Brighton, Ont.; Red Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Banks of the
160 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
rocky Saugeen, Durham Township; also near Ancaster, Ont. (Logie.)
Vicinity of London, Ont.; and Lake of the Woods. (Burgess.) Two
miles south of London. (Saunders.) Near Sandwich, Ont. Maclagan.)
McLeod’s Harbor, Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J. Beil.)
(740.) P. Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On the top of Mount Albert,
Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Bourgeau.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond) Bear
Lake and thence to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Port Clarence to
Cape Lisburne. (othr. Alask.) South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(741.) P. fimbriata, Kenic.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Elevated swamps inthe ,
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Slope of the Rocky
Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49. (Dawson.) Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 51°. (Bourgeau.)
185. LEPTARRHENA, R. Br.
(742.) L. pyrolifolia, R. Br.
“ Height of Land,” on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, in Lat.
52°. (Drummond.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Tsi-tsult
Mountains, B.C.; Rocky Mountains, in the 8S. Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.) Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Ounalashka, and Cape Prince
of Wales. (Rothr. Alask.)
(86. PHILADELPHUS, Linn. (MOCK ORANGE.)
(743.) P. Lewisii, Pursh.
Common in open pine woods on the north-west coast. (Douglas.)
Princeton, B.C. (Dawson.) In the valley of the Lower Fraser, B.C.
(Cowley.)
(744.) P. Gordonianus, Lindl.
On the southern boundary of British Columbia.
187. RIBES, Linn. (CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY.)
(745.) R. Lobbii, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 614.
On the roadside leading to Cedar Hill, Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Near Victoria. (Hill.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN ‘PLANTS 161
(746.) R. divaricatum, Doug.
R. triflorum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy.
R. villoswm, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FL. L., 547.
«common bush on the banks of streams, near Indian villages, on
the north-west coast, Lat. 49°-52° (Douglas.) Thickets, Vancouver
Island, near Victoria; also in the valley of the Lower Fraser. (Macoun.)
Var. irriguum, Gray.
R. irriguum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. 1, 231.
Moist mountain rocks on the upper part of the Columbia River.
(Douglas.) In woods along the British Columbia boundary, Lat. 49°.
(Watson.) In the Cascade Mountains, above Yale, B.C. ? (Macoun.)
(747.) R. oxyacanthoides, Linn.
A. hirtellum, Michx. Hook. Fl. L., 231. Macoun’s Cat., No. 605.
R. saxostum, Hook. FI. L, 231.
A very common species, being found from Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia to the Pacific. It prefers swamps in Ontario, but lake and river
margins in the interior. 1 suspect that Gray unites two species under
this name, as the form found in the prairie region is very unlike the
eastern one.
(748.) R. rotundifolium, Michx.
R. triflorum, Willd. Hook. FL. I., 230.
R. gracile, Pursh, 165.
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) River Avon, Windsor, N. 8. (How.)
Halifax, N.S. (awson.) Cape Rouge River, Q. (Brunet.) Not
very common at Riviére du Loup. (Zhomas.) Nonpareil, Q. (Mae-
lagan.) Common at Prescott, Ont. [?] (Billings.) Vicinity of Ham-
ilton, Ont. [?] (Buchan.) Several of the above references may apply
to R. oxyacanthoides, the two references to Ontario being particularly
doubtful.
(749.) R. Cynoshbati, Linn.
R. oxyacanthoides, var. y., Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 546.
R. oxyacanthoides, Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Black River, St. John, N.B. (Rev J. P. Sheraton.) Very common
from Riviere du Loup, Q., to the Sault Ste. Maric, Ont. (dacoun.)
Pembina Mountain, Man. (Dawson.)
(750.) R. lacustre, Poir.
R. oxyacanthoides, Michx. FI. I., 111.
Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin and Bear Lake, near the Arctic
11
\
162 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
circle. (Richardson.) It is abundant from Newfoundland, Labrador,
and Nova Scotia, in swamps and wet woods, westward to the Rocky
Mountains. Very common in British Columbia, but may belong prin-
cipally to the varicty. Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. (othr.
Alask.)
Var. parvulum, Gray, Bot. Cal. I., 206.
Common in the valley of the Fraser and southern British Columbia.
(Aacoun & Dawson.)
Var. molle, Gray, Bot. Cal. L, 206.
On the Fraser, above Boston Bar, and doubtless common. (Aacoun.)
Var. ?
A form unlike all the otbers was collected in the valley of the Fraser
in the summer of 1882, by A. J. Hill. Besides other points of distinc-
tion, its racemes are over twenty flowered. All the above forms need
careful examination by collectors while the specimens are fresh.
(751.) R. setosum, Lindl.
R. oryacanthoides, Mook. FI. 1., 230.
R. oryacanthoides, var. 3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L., 546.
Banks of the Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) This is evidently the form
of R. oxyacanthvides, which is so common in some parts of the prairie
region, and in the sand on the borders of saline lakes. It may bea
good species and seems to be very properly named. (JMacoun.)
(752.) Rw rubrum, Linn. Red Currant.
R. albinerrium, Michx. Fl. 1, 110.
Common in cold woods and swamps, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
and north to the Arctic Sea. Port Clarence and Kotzebue Sound ; also
Youcon River. (Rothr. Alask.)
(753.) R. prostratum, L’Her. Fetid Currant.
R. glandwosum, Ait. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 6.
R. rigens, Michx. Fl. I., 110.
R. trifidum, Michx. Hook. FI. I., 232. «
R. laxiflorum, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 7.
2? R. alpinum, Hook. Arct. Pl., 291, as to Labrador.
R. Hudsonianum, Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, northward through the Lau-
rentian region to Hudson’s Bay, and westward to the Rocky Mountains
and Peace River country.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 163
(754.) R. laxiflorum, Pursh.
R. palustre, var. 8. Hook. Fl. L., 232.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) British Columbia from
the coast north to Quesnel on the Fraser. (Macoun & Dawson.) Vicinity
of Yale. (Hill.) Cape St. Elias and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(755.) R. bracteosum, Dougl.
Common on Vancouver Island around Victoria, and possibly in the
valley of the Lower Fraser. (Macoun.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(756.) R. Hudsonianum, Richards.
R. nigrum, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 1st ed., 6.
From Hudgson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains in the west, and as far
north as Lat. 57°. (Drummond.) Lake Winnipegoosis, Red Deer Lake
and Porcupine Mountains, Man.; Cypress Hills, at Fort Walsh; Red
Deer River, near Hand Hills, Long. 112°, N.W.T. Damp woods,
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Blackwater River, B.C. (Daw-
son.) Oxford THouse to Kuee Lake, and around Cross Lake on Nelson
River. (&. Bell.)
Var. 8. Hook. Fl. I, 233.
R. petiolare, Dougl.
Mountains of the Columbia, above the Kettle Falls. (Douglas.)
(757.) R. floridum, L’Her. Black Currant.
R. recurvatum, Michx. FI. I., 109.
Throughout Canada to Lat. 54°. (Hooker.) Near Brooklin, N.S.
(How.) Common throughout New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario,
and westward to the Porcupine Mountains west of Manitoba. (Macoun.)
Lake of the Woods; Emerson and First Crossing of Souris River, Man.
( Dawson.)
(758.) R. cereum, Dougl.
Abundant along the Fraser, above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
Near Fort Hope on the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.)
(759.) R. viscosissimum, Pursh.
Common in the recesses of the Rocky Mountains, ‘and on dry plains,
south of Lat. 49°. (Douglas.) Cascade Mountains on Skagit River,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(760.) R. sanguineum, Pursh.
Abundant on the west coast, Lat. 49°-52°, usually growing in rocky
164 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
situations by the sides of streams. (WMenzies.) Very common on Van-
couver Island and in the valley of the Lower Fraser. (JJucoun, Hill
& Dawson.)
(761.) R. aureum, Pursh.
On the west fork of Milk River, south of Cypress Hills. (Dawson.)
XXXIV. CRASSULACE®. Orpine Famity.
188. PENTHORUM, Cronov. (DITCH STONE-CROP.)
(762.) P. sedoides, Linn.
In ditches and boggy spots. Norton and mouth of James River,
N.B. (Hay.) Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in Ontario
and western Quebec, but less frequent eastward.
(89. SEDUM, Tourn. (STONE-CROP. ORPINE.)
(763.) S. acre, Linn. “ Mountain Moss.”
Cultivated as a bordering for flower-beds, but escaped in a number of
places to moist, rocky hillsides where it grows in great profusion, as at
Picton Harbor, Bay of Quinte, and at Niagara Falls. (AZacoun.) Rocks
west of the toll-gate, Prescott, and abundant upon rocks a mile west of
Brockville, near the river. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher,
Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.) Hampton, N.B. -(/. Brit-
tain.) Norton, N.B. (Hay.) Bedford and Dutchville, N.S. (Lawson
& Sommers.)
(764.) S. stenopetalum, Pursh.
On rocky, mountain slopes. Frequent on the cast side of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) On the Cypress Hills; in the Bow River
Pass; and frequent on rocky slopes in the Peace River Pass and British
Columbia. (Macoun.) Kootanie Pass, Lat, 49°; Pine River Pass, Lat.
55°, and along the wagon road at Lytton, B.C. (Dawson.)
(765.) S. spathulifolium, Hook.
Abundant on rocks around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Hill.) On Dean or Salmon River, B.C.; Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.)
(766.) S. obtusatum, Gray. (?).
A species, which may be the above, has been collected in the Lower
CATALOGUE OF CANADTAN PLANTS. 165
Valley of the Fraser, B.C., by A.J. Hill, C.E., but until fresh specimens
are obtained the reference is doubtful.
(767.) S. ternatum, Michx.
Rocks on the Niagara River and Lake Erie. (Douglas.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) This is a doubtful species and should be
looked for.
(768.) S. Telephium, Linn. Live-for-Ever.
Escaped from cultivation in nearly all the old settlements through-
out Canada. It establishes itself by roadsides and around garden fences,
and soon becomes a troublesome weed.
(769.) S. Rhodiola, DC.
Arctie seashore and islands. (Richardson.) Newfoundland and
Labrador. (Morrison.) St. Paul’s Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Mc-
Kay.) Cape Breton, N.S. (Lawson.) On exposed cliffs, St. John Co.,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Il-ga-chug Mountains, B.C.; Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. (othr. Alask.)
Seacoast west of Mackenzie River. (Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct.
Pi.)
(770.) S. rhodanthum, Gray.
Bow River Pass on Mountain slopes, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Rocky
Mountains. (Bourgeau.) The above references may apply to the pre-
ceding species, as I am responsible for the change without having seen
the specimens.
The whole genus needs to be carefully studied from living specimens,
as the western forms are numerous, and either quite variable or we
have undescribed species.
XXXV. DROSERACEA. Sunprw Famity.
190. DROSERA, Linn. (SUNDEW.)
(771.) D. rotundifolia, Linn. Round-leaved Sundew.
A common inhabitant of peat bogs and marshes, from Newfoundland,
Labrador and Nova Scotia westward to the Pacific and north to, and
beyond, the Arctic Circle.
(772.) D. Anglica, Hudson.
In boggy ground along the shores of Lake Huron, Bruce peninsula,
166 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Macoun.) Near Cumberland House, Lat. 54°. (Richardson.) North-
west coast of British Columbia. (Menzies.) Newfoundland. ( Watson.)
(773.) D. intermedia, Drev. & Hayne, var. Americana, D.C.
D. longifolia, Michx. Macoun’s Cat., No. 221.
Bogs and borders of lakes, N.B., common. (Fowler’s Cat.) Frequent
in bogs and on the margins of lakes throughout Quebec and northern
Ontario, and northwest to the Porcupine Mountains, Man., Lat. 53°.
(774.) D. linearis, Goldie.
Marshes at Lake Simcoe. (Goldie.) Chicken Bay and at Oliphant,
Bruce peninsula, Ont. (Macoun.) McLeod’s Harbor and Cockburn
Island, Lake Huron. (/. Bell.) Rosseau River, eastern Manitoba.
(Burgess.) Lake Superior. (Provancher.) In a swamp near Jasper’s :
Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
XXXVI. HAMAMELACE®. Wircn Haze. Famity.
191. HAMAMELIS, Linn. (WITCH HAZEL.)
(775.) H. Virginiana, Linn.
In thickets and open woods; rather local. Common at: Picton, N.S.
(Mc Kay.) Halifax. (Lawson.) Damp rich woods, N.B., rather rare.
(Fowler's Cat.) Point Levis and Isle of Orleans, Q. (Brunet.) Common
near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Scarce in Hastings and Northumber-
land Cos., Ont. (Macoun.) Abundant from Toronto westward in
Ontario. (Bilis, Buchan & Burgess.)
XXXVIT. HALORAGEA, Water Mitt-rorn Faminy.
192. MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. (WATER MILLFOIL.)
(776.) M. spicatum, Linn.
Abundant in stagnant pools and weedy lakes. West coast of New-
foundland. (J. Bell.) In deep water. Kouchibouguac, and Kenne-
beccasis Rivers, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Small lakes along the Gaspé
coast; abundant in the northern counties of Ontario; and in all large
fresh water ponds and brackish lakelets in the prairie region. (Macoun.)
Lake Temiscouata, and near Montreal, Q. (Macelagan.) St. Lawrence
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 16%
River near Prescott. (Billings.) Common in western Ontario. (Bur-
gess & Buchan.) North to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) North-east from
Mackenzie River. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(777.) M. verticillatum, Linn.
In marshes south side of the Bay of Quinte at Belleville, still water
and in the “drowned ” lands along the Trent, between Hastings and
Heely’s Falls, Ont.; marshes around the base of the Porcupine Moun-
tains, Man., Lat. 52°. (Macoun.) Marshes, Burlington Bay, Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.)
(778.) M. heterophyllum, Michx. .
Lakes and rivers, apparently rare. River Trent, near Heely’s Falls,
Northumberland Co., Ont. North River above Round Lake, Peterboro
Co., Ont. At the mouth of the Sydenham River, Owen Sound, abun-
dant; also ina marsh on the lake shore at Port Stanley, Ont. (Ma-
coun.) Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.)
(779.) M. tenellum, Bigel.
In watery places, Newfoundland. (De Candolle.) Rare at Richi-
bucto, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Saguenay River, Q. (1. I. Drummond.)
Abundant at the mouth of Buck’s River, Stanhope, Victoria Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont: (Burgess.)
193. PROSERPINACA, Linn. (MERMAID WEED.)
(780.) P. palustris, Linn.
Wet swamps, rather rare. Vicinity of Montreal. (Maclagan.)
Banks of the Nation River, eastern Ontario. (Billings.) Marshes along
Lakes Isaac and Sky, Bruce Peninsula, also Fishing Islands, Lake
Huron. (Macoun.)
194. HIPPURIS, Linn. (MARE’S TAIL.)
(781.) H. vulgaris, Linn.
Pools of water and margins of lakes from Newfoundland, Labrador
and Nova Scotia to the Pacific and north to Alaska and the Arctic Sea.
This species is widely distributed, and may on the coasts, both east and
west, pass into the next.
(782.) H. maritima, Hellenius.
Mouth of Haye’s River, near York Factory, Lat. 57° ( Richardson.)
168 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Labrador. (Morrison.) In salt marshes along the Gaspé coast, at Cape
Rosier, Grand Vallée, and below St. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.)
Straits of Schismareff, and Bay of Eschscholtz. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue
Sound and delta of the Buckland River. (Rothr. Alask.)
(783.) H. montana, Ledeb.
Turfy places. Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.)
XXXVIITI. ONAGRACE/, Eventna Primrose Faminy.
195. LUDWICIA, Linn. (FALSE LOOSESTRIFE.)
(784.) L. palustris, Ell.
Isnardia palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1., 215. -
I. nitida, Michx. FI. I., 87.
Ditches and springs. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Wilmot, Annapolis,
N.S. (How.) Nashwaaksis River, N.B. (J. Moser.) Saint Stephen,
N.B. (Vroom.) Petitcodiac, Nauwigewauk, and Taborville, N.B. (Jv.
Brittain.) Nicolet, Quebec. (Maclagan.) Bank of the river St. Pierre,
near Montreal, Q., 1821. (/olmes.) Very common in ditches and
dried up ponds throughout Ontario. (MJacoun.) Saskatchewan River.
( Richardson.)
(785.) L. alternifolia, Linn.
LI. macrocarpa, Michx. FI. I., 89.
Rhexia linearifolia, Poir. Pursh, 259.
Isnardia alternifolia, DC. Hook. FI. I., 214.
In swamps, Canada. (Torr. d Gray, Fl. I, 522, also, Hooker, Fl. L.,
214.) This is a doubtful species and should be looked for along Lake
Erie.
196. EPILOBIUM, Linn. (WILLOW HERB.)
(786.) E. angustifolium, Linn. “ Fire Weed.”
In woods and fields, from Newfoundland, Labrador and Nova Scotia,
west to the Pacific and North to the mouth of the Mackenzie, Lat. 69°,
west to Alaska and east to Greenland. A fine tall and beautiful species.
Var. canescens, Wood.
This is a white flowered and silvery podded variety, which has been
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 169
collected at Marmora Village, Hastings Co., Ont., and Owen Sound.
(Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley)
(787. E. latifolium, Lion.
Coast of Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Amour Bay,
south coast of Labrador. (Butler.) On gravel deposits, on, the
Dartmouth, Magdalen and Ste. Anne des Monts Rivers, Gaspé;
Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains; and at the Rocky Mountain
Caiion on Peace River, Lat. 56° (Macoun.) Banks of rivers in the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Kootanie Pass, Lat.
49°; Misinchinca River Pine Pass, Lat. 55°, and on the Coast Range
near Bute Inlet, B.C. (Dawson.) Shores and islands of the Arctic
Sea in every degree of longitude. (Hooker.) Behring’s Straits.
(Chamisso.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow, Sitka and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.) On the Churchill River, near Hudson’s Bay. (A. Bell.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
C788.) E. luteum, Pursh.
Grassy places in the valleys of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Sitka and
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alas.)
(789.) E. alpinum, Linn.
South coast of Labrador. (Brunet.) Alpine rivulets in the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) Observatory Inlet, North-west America,
Lat. 56°. (Menzies.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. nutans, Lehm. Hook. Fl. 1, 205.
Observatory Inlet, North-west America. (Menzies.) On the trail a
few miles east of McLeod’s Lake, B.C., Lat. 55°. (Mucoun.)
(790.) E. origanifolium, Lam.
E. alpinum, var. majus, Wall. Gray, Manual, 177.
Knowlton, Kastern Townships, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Coast. of
Gaspé above Mont Louis; Mount Albert, Shichshock Mountains, Gaspé.
(Macoun.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°; Mountains
near Little Slave Lake, Lat. 55°. On the trail between Stuart’s River
and the Nechacco, B.C. (Macoun.) Top of the Rocky Mountains,
Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Alpine woods, sides of rivulets, and shady
elevated spots on the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(791.) E. tetragonum, Linn.
Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) From Lake
Winnipeg across the plains ta.the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, and
170 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
north to Lat. 64°; frequent. (Richardson & Drummond.) North-west
coast near the sea. (Scouler.) Vicinity of Quebec and Tadousac.
(Brunet.) Common on the prairies, west of Manitoba; also in Northern
British Columbia and the upper valley of the Fraser. (Aacoun.) Queen
Charlotte Islands and the mountains along the coast of British Colum-
bia., (Dawson.) York Factory and Nelson River Valley. (#. Bell.)
(792.) E. coloratum, Muhl.
E. tetragonum, Pursh, 259.
Common in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario.
This seems to be the eastern form of the preceding species, and a care-
ful examination of living specimens is necessary to separate them.
Red Deer River, near the Hand Hills, N.W.T., Long. 112°. (Macoun.)
Slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Plains of
the Saskatchewan. (Aichardson.)
(793.) E. minutum, Lindl. Hook. Fi. I. 207.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) On moist rocks near springs,
on the high mountains of the Upper Columbia River. (Douglas.)
Lake Athabasca, near Fort Chipeywan, Lat. 59°. (dacoun.)
(794.) E. palustre, Linn.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspé, Q.; Moose Jaw Creek and Old Wives Lakes, and numerous
other localities throughout the prairie region, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
’
Var. lineare, Gray.
E. oliganthum, Michx. Hook. Fl. L, 208.
E. rosmarinifolium, Pursh, 259.
E: tenellum, Raf. Hook. FI. L., 207.
E. palustre, var. albescens, Richards. in Frank]. Journ., 12.
E. palustre, var. albiflorum, Hook. Fi. I., 207.
E. palustre, Gray, Manual, 1st ed., 135.
Abundant in peat bogs and marshy places, from Labrador and Nova
Scotia to British Columbia, and north to Lat. 64° on the Mackenzie
River.
(795.) E. paniculatum, Nutt.
Abundant on newly cleared land at Oxendon, Colpoy’s Bay, Georgian
Bay, Lake Huron; common on dry sand hills near the source of the
Qu’Appelle, and on the southwestern plain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Van-
couver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 171
(796.) E. molle, Torrey. Macoun’s Cat., No. 693.
Grenville, Durham, and Cowansville, Eastern Townships, Q.
(MeGill Coll. Herb.) In a tamarac swamp north of Belleville, Ont.
also in boggy ground, Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.)
(797.) E. affine, Bongard.
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(798.) E. roseum, Schreb.
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(799.) E. pubescens, Roth. (?) Macoun’s Cat., 692.
A species bearing this name was reported from Nootka many years
ago, but the name has been allowed to drop as authentic specimens
are unknown. In the spring of 1875 I collected a number of immature
specimens of a remarkable form, wholly unlike any other species I
have ever seen, on Cedar Hill, near Victoria, on Vancouver Island.
The specimens obtained were very pubescent, and were possibly of this
species. Mature specimens are much desired.
197. GNOTHERA, Linn. (EVENING PRIMROSE.)
(800.) CG. biennis, Linn. Common Evening Primrose.
G. parviflora, Pursh, 261.
Common under one form or another from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
The various forms are enumerated below, and localities given where
specimens have been obtained.
Var. grandiflora, Lindl.
@. grandiflora, Ait. Pursh, 261.
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fil. Ott.) This seems to be the com-
mon form on good soil in Ontario.
Var. murjcata, Lindl.
G. muricata, Linn. Pursh, 261.
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Gravel slopes, Gaspé coast,Q. ;
sandy shores and river banks, Ont., and common on the interior plains.
(Maconn.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Var. hirsutissima, Gray.
@. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 493.
Great Shuswap Lake, British Columbia. (Dawson.)
172 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(801.) &. albicaulis, Nutt.
G. pallida, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 495.
Very common in the dry part of the prairie region. (Macoun &
Dawson.) In the vicinity of Spence’s Bridge; B.C. (Hill.),
(802.) CE. serrulata, Nutt. var. Douglasii, Torr. & Geay.
. leucocarpa, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 210. Macoun’s Cat., No. 701.
Common on limestone rocks on the Red and Assiniboine Rivers,
(Dougias.) Dry banks of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Common
on dry sandy or gravelly slopes throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun & Dawson.)
(803.) . pumila, Linn.
, pusilla, Michx. Fl. 1., 225.
G. riparia, Hook. FI. L, 212.
Common on river banks amongst sand. Common at Pictou, N.S.
(Me Kay.) Windsor, Halifax, Straits of Canso, Guysboro, Wilmot, and
Annapolis, N.S. (Sommers Fl. N.S.) Very frequent in dry fields and
by roadsides, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common near Quebec. (Brunet.)
Beven’s Lake, River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) Island of Orleans and
ancient Lorette. (Thomas.) Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.) Lake Mistassini, Q. (Richardson.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In the northern parts of Addington,
Hastings, Peterboro, and Victoria Counties, Ont. (dMacoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Mississaqui Island, Lake Hwon, and
north shore of Lake Superior. (A. Bell.) Parry Sound, and Lake of
the Woods. (Burgess.)
(804.) G. chrysantha, Michx.
On drier ground than the preceding. Halifax, N.S. (McKay.)
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Vicinity of Quebec, and at the Quarantine
Station. (Brunet.) St. Helen’s Island, Q.; Chippewa, Ont. (MJaclagan.)
Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls; twenty miles up the Kaminis-
tiquia River, Lake Superior; Dawson Route, near Lake Shebandowan,
west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Hudson’s Bay. (Michausx.) [?]
(805.) CE. fruticosa, Linn.
&. hybrida, Michx. FI. T., 225.
Lucyfield, near Halifax. (Zawson.) Grand Lake, N.S. (Sommers.)
Island of Montreal. (Goldie.)
Norr.—I have given all the localties from which the two last men-
tioned species have been reported. The last I believe to be really @.
chrysantha, and that some of the reported occurences of Gi. pumila
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 173
should likewise be referred to this species. Watson, in his revision of
the genus, makes @. chrysantha merely a form of G9. pumila, but I
believe the Ontario form to be distinct from the latter. The attention
of botanists is invited to the above species.
(806.) GE. strigulosa, Torr. & (tray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 702.
CE. contorta, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 214.
@. parva, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 511.
On the dry slopes of Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) 2
(807.) GE. czespitosa, Nutt.
. scapigera, Pursh, 263.
i. montana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FL. I., 500.
. marginata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 500.
On dry and scarped hills, along the face of the Céteau de Missouri ;
also on high hills near Strong Current Creek and north of the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Short Creek, Souris River, and on the Milk
River near the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(808.) G. triloba, Nutt.
CE. heterantha, Nutt. Macoun’s Cat., No. 700.
On hard clay soil, east of the Hind Hills, Long. 112°; also near Old
Wives’ Lakes, and westward to and north of the Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.) Traders’ Road, west of the Souris, Lat. 49°. (Dazwson.)
(809.) GE. breviflora, Torr. & Gray.
On the western end of Hand Hill Lake, Long. 112°; also at Old
Wives Lake, and Gull Lake, north of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)
198. GODETIA, Spach.
(810.) G. ameoena, Lilja.
nothera amana, Lehm. Torr. &. Gray, FI. 1, 503.
. Lindleyi, Dougl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 502.
. rubicunda, Hook. & Arn. Torr. & Gray, FI. I, 502.
., vinosa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 503.
From Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.) Reported from
the coast south of the Fraser, B.C.
(811.) G. quadrivulnera, Spach.
Gnothera quadrivulnera, Doug]. Hook. FI. I., 213.
Puget Sound and upper valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Will
likely be found north of Lat.,49°.
174 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
199. CLARKIA, Pursh. (CLARKIA.)
(812.) C. pulchella, Pursh.
From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas.) Near Osoyoos Lake, southern boundary of British Colum-
bia. (Dawson.) .
200. BOISDUVALIA, Spach. (BOISDUVALIA.)
(813.) B. densiflora, Watson.
(Enothera densiflora, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. T., 505.
Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.)
(814.) B. glabella, Walp.
CEnothera glabella, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 505.
Pile of Bones Creek, Souris Plain; Weedy Lake, west of Old Wives
Lakes and on the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (acoun.)
201. GAURA, Linn. (GAURA.)
(815.) G. coccinea, Nutt.
G. marginata, Lehm. Hook. FI. I., 208.
G. glabra, Lehm. Hook. FI. I., 209.
Plains of the Red and Saskatchewan Rivers. (Drummond, Douglas.)
Abundant near Brandon and westward, on gravelly banks throughout
the prairie region. (sWacoun.) Badger Creek ; dry banks, Wood End,
Souris River ; and westward to the mountains, Lat. £9°. (Dawson.)
(816.) G. biennis, Linn.
Dry banks. Moffatt’s Island, Montreal; Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
About Montreal. (Cleghorn.)
202. CIRCGA, Tourn. (ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE.)
(817.) C. alpina, Linn.
Common in damp, shady woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Sitka, (Rothr. Alask.) This is wholly a forest species.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 175
(818.) C. Lutetiana, Linn.
C. Lutetiana, var. Canadensis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 215.
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Pictou, N.S. (MeMKay.)
Queensbury, N.B. (Bailey.) Keswick Ridge, Hel River, York Co.,
and Lower Norton, N.B. (Hay.) Common in Quebec. +( Brunet.)
Isle of Orleans. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Mirivin’s Woods, Prescott. (Billings.) Common in Prince Edward
County, and westward throughout Ontario.
(819.) C. Pacifica, Aschers.
C. alpina, Hook. Pl. Bourgean, 256.
Alpine Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Rocky
Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Mountain
woods, west side of Rocky Mountains. (Cowley.)
XXXIX. MELASTOMACEA Merasroma Famity.
203. RHEXIA, Linn. (MEADOW BEAUTY.)
(820.) R. Virginica, Linn.
Sandy swamps; very rare. Shores of Muskoka Lake, also Lake
Joseph, in the same region, Ont. (Burgess.)
XL. LYTHRACEKE.Y. Loostsrrire FAMiny.
204. LYTHRUM, Linn. (LOOSESTRIFE.)
(821.) L. alatum, Pursh.
Wet places; very rare in Ontario. Malden, Detroit River. (Mac-
lagan.)
(822.) L. Salicaria, Linn.
L. Salicaria, var. pubescens, Pursh, 334.
Wet meadows; abundant in Upper Canada, Ont. (Douglas.) [?] I
suspect this refers to the next species. (J.) Moist meadows near
the Quarantine Station, Quebec. (Brunet.)
176 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
205. NESAZA, Juss. (SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE.)
(823.) N. verticillata, HBK.
Lythrum rerticillatum, Linn. Michx. FI. T., 281.
Deeodon verticillatum, Ell. Hook. FI. I., 219.
Muddy margins of lakes and ponds throughout Ontario; quite com-
mon. Montreal, Q. (aclagan.) Mouth of River St. Pierre, near
Montreal, Q. (Holmes.)
XLI LOASACE.K. Loasa Fairy.
206. MENTZELIA, Plumier. (BARTONIA.)
(824.) M. albicaulis, Dougl.
Bartonia albicawis, Hook. FI. I., 222.
Along the Fraser and Thompson Rivers, from Boston Bar to the
Nicola River, B.C. (.acoun.) Dry ground near Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
( Hill.)
(825.) M. leevicaulis, Torr. & Gray.
Bartonia levicaulis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 221.
B. parviflora, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I, 221.
On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Upper Columbia.
(Douglas.) Along the Similkameen River, B.C, (Dawson.) Macoun’s
Cat., No. 710.
(826.) M. ornata, Torr. & Gray.
Bartonia ornata, Pursh, 326.
Sheltered valley, Foot-hills of the West Butte, Lat. £9°. (Dauwson.)
XLU. CURCURBITACE. Gourp Famity.
207. SICYOS, Linn. (STAR CUCUMBER.)
(827.) S. angulatus, Linn.
Elaterium trifoliatum, Linn. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 697.
Spontaneous in gardens, and around houses and barns, climbing over
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 177
fences, &c. Vicinity of Montreal. (Brunet.) St. Johns, Q. (Maclagan.)
Waste heaps, and around gardens at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) Port Dover, Ont. (Burgess.)
208. ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray. (WILD BALSAM
APPLE.)
(828.) E. lobata, Torr. & Gray.
Momordica-echinata, Hook. FI. I., 220.
Sicyos lobatus, Michx. FI. 11., 217.
Spontaneous around dwellings in Ontario, but indigenous in the
North-west. Dartmouth, near Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Intervales and
islands at the mouth of the Keswick, N.B. (Moser.) Saint Laurent
and Lotbiniére. (Brunet.) Cayuga, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Belleville and near Campbellford, Ont.; Fort Francis, Rainy River,
Dawson Route; in the Qu’Appelle valley, near the source of the river.
(Macoun.) Plains of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, and banks of
the Saskatchewan. (Drummond, Douglas.)
XUII. CACTACE.E. Cacrus Famtny.
209. MAMILLARIA, Haworth.
(829.) M. vivipara, Haworth.
Cactus riviparus, Nutt. Pursh, 735.
Sand Hills at Flat Creek, west of Brandon, and on all sandy tracts
to the west and south throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Wood
End, Long. 103°; and Woody Mountain and westward to Long. 111°,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
210. OPUNTIA, Jour. (PRICKLY PEAR.)
(830.) O. Rafinesquii, Engelm. Macoun’s Cat., No. 712.
Abundant on sand at the southern end of Pelee Point, Lake Erie.
Said to grow on Long Point. (Macoun.)
(831.) O. Missouriensis, DC. Prickly Pear.
We refer all our eastern forms to this species, but without being cer-
tain, as specimens have seldom been preserved. The Qu’Appelle valley,
12
178 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
about two miles from its mouth, and the north bank of the Assiniboine
above Shell River, are the most eastern localities known. It is found
at Moose Jaw Creek and at the Elbow of the south Saskatchewan,
and thence south and west to Long. 112° at the Hand Hills. A species
which I believe to be the same, reappears again on the north bank of
the Peace River, Lat. 56° 12’, where it grows on the arid clay slopes,
exposed often to a temperature of 55° below zero. It is found from
Fort St. John to 50 miles below Dunvegan, or for a distance of 150
miles. (Macoun.) On the boundary, Lat. 49°, it appears in Long. 103°,
and disappears in Long. 111° (Dawson.)
(832.) O. ? Macoun’s Cat., No. 713.
Abundant in the dry interior of British Columbia, from Spence’s
Bridge to Cache Creek and eastward to or near Kamloops. (Macoun &
(Hill.)
XLIV. FICOIDEX. Ice Prant Famtzy.
211. MOLLUCO, Linn. (INDIAN CHICKWEED.)
(833.) M. verticillata, Linn. Carpet Weed.
An immigrant from farther south. On a sandy shore, subject to
inundations, Grand Lake, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Borders of rivers
near Montreal. (Brunet.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.) Malden,
Ont. (Maclagan.) On the railway track between Niagara Falls and
Queenston. (Macoun.) Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Burgess.)
XLV. UMBELLIFER®. Parstey Famity.
212. HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. (WATER PENNY WORT.)
(834.) H. Americana, Linn.
Shady damp places and along brooks. Three Mile House, near
Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.) In shady, damp or springy places, common,
N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario, but
seldom collected.
213. SANICULA, Tourn. (SANICLE. BLACK SNAKE-
ROOT.)
(835.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Canada Sanicle.
S. Marylandica, var. Canadensis, Torr. Hook. Fl. L., 257.
S. Marylandica, Torr. & Gray, FI. 1., 602. in part.
Rich, cool woods and thickets. Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
,CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 179
Ott.) Woods near Picton, Prince Fdward Co.; near Belleville, and
rich woods, Niagara Falls and Amherstburg, Lake Erie, Ont. (Macoun.)
Woods west of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Near Barrie on Lake
Simeoe, Ont. (Spotten.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Malden, Ont. (Macelagan.)
(836.) S. Marylandica, Linn.
Rich, cool woods; extending from Cape Breton and the Magdalen
Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in Newfoundland ; also through
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, and westward to the
Rocky Mountains. It is quite constant in character, and easily dis-
tinguished from the preceding species by the flowers.
(837.) S. Menziesii, Hook. & Arn.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Abundant in the vicinity
of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(838.) S. arctopoides, Hook. & Arn.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dazson.)
(839.) S. bipinnatifida, Dougl.
Doubtless along the southern boundary of British Columbia, Lat. 49°.
214. CONIUM, Linn. (POISON HEMLOCK.)
(840.) C. maculatum, Linn.
Naturalized in towns and cities, from Europe. Very common in the
vicinity of Quebec. (Brunet.) Naturalized in many parts of Quebec.
(Maclagan.) Common at Bath, along the Bay of Quinte; in the village
of Norham, Northumberland Co., Ont.; and waste places, Toronto.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very abundant
in the city of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
215. MUSENIUM, Nutt.
(841.) M. divaricatum, Nutt.
Seseli divaricatum, Pursh, 732.
Abundant at Brandon, Manitoba, and on exposed slopes of the Assini-
boine and other rivers south-west to the Rocky Mountains; also at
Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba. (Jacoun.) Pembina Mountain and
Woody Mountain, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
180 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray.
Seseli divaricatum, Hook. FI. I., 264.
M. angustifolium, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I. 642.
About Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Dowglas.) In the
vicinity of the Hand Hills, Long. 112°. (Macoun.)
(842.) M. tenuifolium, Nutt. Pl. Bourgeau, 263.
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass, Lat.51°. (Bourgeau.) Dry bank,
foot hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
216. ERICENIA, Nutt. (HARBINGER-OF-SPRING.)
(843.) E. bulbosa, Nutt.
Sison bulbosum, Michx. Fl. I, 169.
Hydroctyle composita, Pursh, 190.
HZ. ambigua, Pursh, 732.
Very abundant in rich woods around London, Ont. (Burgess.) . Near
St. Thomas, Ont. (Buchan.)
217. APIUM, Linn. (PARSLEY, CELERY.)
(844.) A. Petroselinum, Linn. Parsley.
This species has become spontaneous in old gardens and on waste
heaps. It propagates itself freely from seed. (Macoun.)
218. CARUM, Koch. (CARRAWAY.)
(845.) ©. Carui, Linn. Garden Carraway.
Escaped from cultivation in all old settlements, and becoming a weed
in many places.
(846.) ©. Gairdneri, Benth. & Hook.
Edosmia Gairdneri, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 612.
In the beds of spring torrents or brooks which are dry in summer,
from Old Wives Lakes to and beyond the Cypress Hillls, N.W.T.
(Macoun.) South Fork of Belly River, abundant, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
219. PIMPINELLA, Linn. (BURNET SAXIFRAGE.)
(847.) P. integerrima, Benth. & Hook. .
Smyrnium integerrimum, Linn. Pursh, 196.
Zizia integerrima, DC. Macoun’s Cat. No. 733.
Dry, gravelly or sandy woods and thickets. Quebec, Isle of Orleans.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 181
(Thomas.) Montreal Mountain. (Maclagan.) Abundant from Prescott
westward throughout Ontario,
220. THASPIUM, Nutt. (MEADOW PARSNIP.)
(848.) T. barbinode, Nutt.
Ligusticum barbinode, Michx. FI. I., 167.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) On the Canada Southern
Railway, between Colchester Station and Amherstburg. (Macoun.)
Chippawa and Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
(849.) T. aureum, Nutt.
Smyrnium aureum, Linn. Michx. Fl. I., 171.
Sison trifoliatum, Michx. Pursh, 194.
Zizia aurea, Koch. Hook. FI. I., 260.
Dry thickets and moist river banks. Along the St. John River, N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Quebec, Isle of Orleans, and other places. (Brunez.)
Nun’s Island, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Montreal Mountain; and
Knowlton, Eastern Townships. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Banks of Con-
way’s Creek, Prescott. (Billings.) Prince’s Island, near Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) Islands in the Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Common
around London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(850.) T. trifoliatum, Gray. .
Smyrnium cordatum, Walter. Pursh, 196.
S. trifoliatum, Muhl. Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 6.
Thaspium cordatum, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 615.
Zizia cordata, Koch. Hook. FI. I., 260.
Abundant from the eastern borders of the prairie westward to the
Rocky Mountains, and northward to the Peace River. (Macoun.)
Abundant over the first and second prairie steppes, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
Saskatchewan, and the River Winnipeg, and the prairies of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) This species is quite variable, but we have
not limited the varieties.
221. CICUTA, Koch. (WATER HEMLOCK.)
(851.) ©. maculata, Lion. Spotted Cowbane.
Sium (2) Douglasii, DC. Hook. FI. L., 263.
From the Atlantic to the Coast Range of British Columbia, and north
on the Mackenzie to Lat. 64°. Coast east of Mackenzie River. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.) The roots of this and following species are deadly poisons.
182 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(852.) C. virosa, Linn. Musquash Poison.
Frequent from the Red River westward, on wet spots on the prairie,
and quite common in the wooded country on the Saskatchewan, Atha-
basca and Peace Rivers. (Macoun.) Wooded country of the interior,
from Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) North end of Lake Winnipeg to
York Factory. (R. Bell.) Coast east of Mackenzie River. (Hook.
Aret. Pl.)
(853.) C. bulbifera, Linn.
Common in swamps throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Que-
bec and Ontario. From York Factory, Hudson’s Bay, to the Sas-
katchewan. (Drummond.)
222. SIUM, Linn. (WATER PARSNIP.)
(854.) S. cicutzefolium, Gmelin.
S. lineare, Michx. Macoun’s Cat., No. 737.
S. latifolium, Bigel. Hook. FI. L, 262.
Apium lineare. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. I., 888 and 893.
Wet places and ditches from the Atlantic to the Pacific and north to
the Peace River country. (Macoun.) Coarse leaved forms of this
species have been taken for S. latifolium, which is unknown in America
222. CRYPTOT/ENIA, DC. (HONEWORT.)
(855.) ©. Canadensis, DC.
Sison Canadense, Linn. Michx. FI. I., 168.
Cherophyllum Canadense, Crantz. Pursh, 195.
Rich, damp woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Fowler's Cut.) Very abundant
in rich, low woods throughout Quebec and Ontario.
224. CHAEROPHYLLUM, Linn. (CHERVIL.)
(856.) C. procumbens, Crantz.
Abundant on White Island, in the Detroit River, opposite Amherst-
burg. (Macoun.)
225. BUPLEURUM, Linn. (THOROUGH WAX.)
(857.) B. ranunculoides, Linn.
Foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Cape
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 183
Mulgrave in Behring’s Straits. (Lay & Collie.) Port Clarence to Cape
Lixburne; and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) East of Mackenzie
River. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)
226. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. (SWEET CICELY.)
(858.) O. longistylis, DC. Smoother Sweet Cicely.
Pictou, N.S. (MecKay.) Rich woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Fowler’s
Cat.) Crevices of rocks, St. Croix, Q. (Brunet.) Lachine Woods and
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fil. Ott.) Wind Mill Point, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) Vicinity of London, Ont.; Wood Mountain, N.W.T., Lat.
49°. (Burgess.) Ox Point, near Belleville; at Collingwood, and up
the Kaministiquia River, Lake Superior ; Moose Jaw Creek and Hand
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)' On the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Near
Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)
(859.) O. brevistylis, DC. Hairy Sweet Cicely.
Myrrhis Claytoni, Michx. F1. I., 170.
Cherophyllum Claytoni, Pers. Pursh. 195.
Rich, damp woods, from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through-
out Quebec and Ontario, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. It is
probable that the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia form belongs
to the next species. I place all notices from those regions under it.
_(860.) O. nuda, Torrey.
O. brevistylis, Bong. Hook. Fl. I., 272, in part.
O. divaricata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. L., 639.
Woody places on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
From Lat. 49° to Observatory Inlet, in Lat. 55°, on. the West Coast.
(Douglas.) Frequent in the lower valley of the Fraser. (Macoun.)
Eastern base of the Cascades on Skagit River, B.C.; 8S. Kootanie Pass,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°.
(Bourgeau.) Ounalashka and Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
227. CLYCOSMA, Nutt.
(861.) G. occidentale, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 639.
Myrrhis occidentalis, Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. I., 897.
On the Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
184 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
228. ETHUSA, Linn. (FOOL’S PARSLEY.)
(862.) G. Cynapium, Linn.
A weed in gardens. Introduced with garden seeds from Europe.
Occasional in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) A weed in gardens at
Belleville, Ont. ; also, Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
229. ANTHRISCUS, Pers. (BEAKED PARSLEY.)
(863.) A- vulgaris, Pers. Common Beaked Parsley.
Introduced from Europe at Bedford, N.S. (Lindsay.)
230. LICUSTICUM, Linn. (LOVAGE.)
(864.) L. Scoticum, Linn. Scotch Lovage.
Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Pictou, N.S.; St. Paul’s Island,
Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Cape Breton. (MecKay.) Halifax, N.S.
(Lawson.) Near salt water on banks and rocks, N.B. (owler’s Cat.)
Common on the cliffs along the Bay of Chlaleur and along the Gaspé
coast to Riviére du Loup, Q. (Macoun.) Tadousac and Labrador coast.
(Brunet.) Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.) Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.)
Sitka, Kodiak, Kotzebue Sound, and Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(865.) L. actzeifolium, Michx. Fl. I, 166.
Ferula Canadensis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 268.
Angelica lucida, Bart. Pursh, 193.
Thaspium actxifolium, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 265.
Parsboro’, N.S. (How.) Near Tadousac, on the banks of the St.
Lawrence. (Michaur.) A very doubtful species: more likely the
preceding one.
231. SELINUM, Linn. (HEMLOCK PARSLEY.)
(866) S. Canadense, Michx.
Cnidium Canadense, Spreng. Hook. Fl. I., 264.
Conioselinum Canadense, Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., 734.
Wet borders of streams. Not very common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Mouth of the St. Lawrence. (Michaux.) On sea cliffs along the Gaspé
coast; also in a peat bog on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 185
Mountains, altitude 4,000 feet. (Macoun.) Lotbiniére and Tadousac,
on the rocks. (Brunet.) Seashore, Riviére du Loup. (Thomas.) Lake
Temiscouta, Q. (Maclagan.) Galt and Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Vincinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(867.) S. Pacificum, Watson.
Two species are found in North-western America, which I place pro-
visionally under this and the next species. All references are placed
under the next. I follow Watson in the synonomy.
(868.) S. Benthami, Watson.
Conioselinum Fischeri, Bong. Hook. Fl. I., 266.
Laserpitium hirsutum, Hook. & Arn. Hook. Fl. I, 270.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Arctic sea coast, between the Coppermine
and Mackenzie Rivers. (Richardson.) Straits of De Fuca, on the North-
west coast. (Scouler.) Sitka, Ounalashka, Kotzebue Sound and Arctic
coast. (othr. Alask.)
232. ANCELICA, Linn. (ANGELICA.)
(869.) A. genuflexa, Nutt.
Common in northern British Columbia, and in woods on the Peace
River, at the Rocky Mountain Canyon, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.)
(870.) A. lucida, Linn.
Canada. (Pursh.) Neither Sir William Hooker nor any American
writer throws any light on this species; but should it be an American
species, distinct from others, it will likely be found in Newfoundland or
on the coast of Labrador.
233. ARCHANCELICA, Hoffm. (ARCHANGELICA.)
(871.) A. atropurpurea, Hofim. Great Angelica.
Angelica atropurpurea, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 267.
A. triquinata, Michx. Pursh, 193.
On low grounds along streams. Coast of Labrador. (Butler.) West
coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Bartilog, Northumberland Co., and
at Harris’ Cove, on the Kennebecasis, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Isle of
Orleans, Saint Lambert and Lotbiniére, Q. (Brunet.) Coast of Gaspé,
Q.; Flats of Salmon River, Hastings Co.; Cold Creek Flats, Northum-
berland Co., Ont.; up the Kaministiquia and along the north shore of
186 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Lake Superior, and on Michipicotin Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
London, Ont., rare. (Saunders.) Near Hamilton, Ont. (Dogie.)
Dundas and Fullerton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(872.) A. Gmelini, DC.
A, officinalis, Hook. FI. I., 267.
A. peregrina, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 622.
Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb). On the shore of Courtney
Bay, near the Penitentiary, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant’ on the
Gaspé coast, from Grand Etang to Ste. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka, Ounalashka and Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(873.) A. hirsuta, Torr. & Gray.
Ferula villosa, Walt. Pursh, 192.
Angelica triquinata, Nutt. Hook. FI. I., 267.
Both Pursh and Michaux credit this species to Canada. It will
probably be found in south-western Ontario.
234. CYMOPTERUS, Raf.
(874.) C. terebinthinus, Torr. & Gray.
C. albiflorus & thapsoides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 625.
C. feeniculaceus, Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 624.
Selinum terebinthinum, Hook. FI. I., 266.
On the Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
It will likely be found in the mountains along the same parallel to the
coast.
(875.) C. glomeratus, Raf.
Selinum acaule, Pursh, 732.
Ferula (2?) Palmetla, Hook. FI. L, 268.
About Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Souris
River, Lat. 49°. (Burgess.) At Wood End, N.W.T., Lat. 49.° (Dawson.)
235. PEUCEDANUM, Linn. (HOG’S FENNEL.)
(876.) P. leiocarpum, Nutt.
Seseli leiocarpum, Hook. FI. I., 263.
P. triternatum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. VIII, 385.
On the dry interior of British Columbia, east of the Coast Range.
(Macoun & Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 187
(877.) P. triternatum, Nutt.
Seseli triternatum, Pursh. Hook. Fl. 1., 264.
Will very likely be found along the southern boundary of British
Columbia.
(878.) P. ambiguum, Nutt.
P. levigatum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 627.
Along the Fraser River in the vicinity of Yale, B.C. (Macoun.)
(879.) P. utriculatum, Nutt.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and along the Fraser, above
Yale, B.C. (Macoun.)
(880.) P. foeniculaceum, Nutt.
Ferula feniculacea, Nutt. Hook. FI. I., 268, in part.
Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) On the Assini-
boine, near Brandon, at the narrows of Lake Manitoba, and frequent
on bluffs along the Coteau de Missouri, and the high banks of rivers,
.N.W.T. (Macoun.) Wood End, Souris River, N.W.T., Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.)
(881.) P. macrocarpum, Nutt.
Ferula feniculacea, Hook. FI. I., 268, in part.
Thaspium macrocarpum, Pl. Bourgeau, 257.
Along the Fraser at Lytton, B.C. (Macoun, Dawson.) Saskatche-
wan Plains. (Bourgeau.)
(882.) P. sativum, Benth. & Hook. Common Parsnip.
Pastinaca sativa, Linn. Macoun’s Cat., No. 725.
Very common in many localities in and around gardens and orchards,
and along roadsides. It has become thoroughly established in Ontario.
Escaped from gardens in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) In various
localities, Quebec, (Brunet.) Common in Manitoba and at many H.
B. Co’s. posts. (Macoun.)
236. HERACLEUM, Linn. (COW ARSNIP.)
(883.) H. lanatum, Michx.
Very common in almost every part of the country, from Newfound-
land and Labrador, and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the
Pacific and north to Sitka. The Indians of northern British Columbia
chew the petioles of the leaves, and seem to relish the juice very much.
The south-western branch of the Peace River is named the “ Parsnip,”
on account of the abundance of this species in its valley.
188 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
237. FERULA, Linn.
(884.) F. dissoluta, Watson, Bot. Calif: I., 271.
F. dissecta, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 748.
Abundant on the mountain slopes above Spence’s Bridge, B. C.
(885.) F. multifida, Gray.
Leptotenia multifida, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 630.
Common in rich grassy thickets, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Mountains in the S. Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
All the specimens examined, of those two species, are very young and
may be incorrectly determined.
238. DAUCUS, Tourn. (CARROT.)
(886.) D. pusillus, Michx. var. microphyllus, Torr. & Gray.
D. microphyllus, Presl. Hook. Fl. I., 271.
Nootka Sound and Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.) Abundant on dry
hills around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun, Hill.)
(887.) D. Carota, Linn. Cultivated Carrot.
Occasionally found, for a year or two, in gardens and fields, but can
scarcely be said to have become spontaneous anywhere.
239. ARCHEMORA, DC. (COWBANE.)
(888.) A. rigida, DC.
Sium rigidius, Linn. Pursh, 194.
Sison marginatum, Michx. FI. L, 168.
Sandy or other swamps, western Ontario. Colchester Station,
Canada Southern Railway. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Port Colborne. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
XLVI. ARALIACEA. GINSENG FamILy.
240. ARALIA, Tourn. (GINSENG. )
(889.) A. racemosa, Linn. Spikenard,
On turned up stumps ‘in.damp woods. Common at Pictou, N.S.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 189
(McKay.) Near Halifax. (How.) Rather uncommon in rich woods,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Quite common throughout Quebec and Ontario.
(890.) A. hispida, Vent. “ Dwarf Elder.”
Rocky and sandy woods and banks. Common from Newfoundland
and the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, westward
throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Hudson’s Bay. (R. Bell.)
(391.) A. nudicaulis, Linn. Wild Sarsaparilla.
Very abundant in rich, damp woods, from the Atlantic to the Rocky
Mountains. On the west coast, Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Throughout
the wooded conntry of the interior and down the Mackenzie to Lat. 64°.
( Richardson.)
(892.) A. quinquefolia, Decsne. Ginseng.
Panax quinquefolium, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 273.
Rich and cool woods; rather rare. Mossy woods near Montreal.
(Brumet.) Montreal Mountain. (Holmes.) Beleil Mountain, Q.
(Maclagan.) Miriwin’s Woods, near Prescott. (Billings.) Kingston
Mills, Ont. (J. Bell.) Woods rear of Picton, also at Belleville, and in
Seymour, Brighton, Sidney and Cramahe, Ont.; Owen Sound and near
Amherstburg. (MMacounn.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Dogie.) Four
miles north of London, rare. (Saunders.) Near Woodstock, Ont.
(Burgess.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.)
(893.) A. trifolia, Decsne. Dwarf Ginseng.
Panas trifolium, Linn. Hook. FI. L, 273.
Rich woods; rather local. Pictou, N.S.; rare. (McKay.) Cow
Bay, near Halifax. (Lindsay.) Truro, N.S. (Campbell.) Rich woods,
Hudson’s Brook, Kent Co., N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Charlesburg, Q.
(Brunet.) Valley of the River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) Common in
western Quebec. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Frequent throughout Ontario.
241. FATSIA, Benth. & Hook.
(894.) F. horrida, Benth. & Hook. Devil’s Club.
Panaz horridum, Smith. Hook. FI. L, 273.
Echinopanaz horridus, Decsne. Macoun’s Cat. No. 759.
North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Abundant on the west side
of the Rocky Mountains, from the source of the Columbia to Lat. 49°,
( Douglas.) . Queen Charlotte Sound. (Scouler.) East side of the Rocky
Mountains, extremely rare. (Drummond) Very abundant in Peace
‘
190 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
River Pass, especially along the base of Mount Selwyn. (Macoun.)
Sitka and Kodiak. (othr. Alask.)
XLVII. CORNACEH. Doewoop Faminy.
242. CORNUS. Tourn. (CORNEL. DOGWOOD.)
(895.) ©. Canadensis, Linn. Dwarf Cornel. Bunchberry.
Very abundant in cool, sandy woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
across the whole of the wooded country, and north as far as the spruce
extends. (Richardson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(896.) S. Suecica, Linn. Lapland Cornel.
Labrador. (Brunet.) Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Brandy Pots’
Island, River St. Lawrence. (Kelly.) Sparingly along the shore at
Riviére du Loup, Q. Coast of Newfoundland. (M@cGill Coll. Herb.)
Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.) Common on the western coast of Alaska.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
(397.) ©. Unalaskensis, Ledeb.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(898.) C. florida, Linn. Flowering Dogwood.
Woods beside the Waterdown Road, in the valley below Ancaster
and West Flamboro’, also near Albion, vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.)
Niagara district. (Maclagan.) Very abundant on the line of the
Canada Southern Railway, from St. Thomas to Amherstburg, Ont.,
and eastward to Fort Erie, at the foot of Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Near
London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(899.) C. Nuttallii, Audubon. Westering Flowering Dap woee.
C. florida, Hook. Fl. I., 277, in part. .
Quite common in the neighborhood of Yale, B.C. (Macoun, ne
(900.) ©. circinata, L’Her. Round Leaved Cornel.
C. tomentudosa, Michx. FI. I., 91.
Dry, sandy thickets. Pictou, N.S. (cKay.) Windsor, N.S. (How.)
Weldford, Kent Co., prébably, not rare. (Fowler's Cat.) Lotbiniére,
and at St. Laurent. (Brunet.) On limestone rocks, River Rouge, Q.
(D’ Urban.) Belceil Mountain, Q.; and Niagara Falls. (dMaclagan.)
Thickets G. T. R. Gravel Pit, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) “Common around Belleville and Rice
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 191
Lake Plains, and westward to Toronto; Owen Sound, and at Kababeka
Falls, 30 miles west of Fort William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Mountain side, near Hamilton. (ogie.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
( Burgess.)
(901.) C. sericea, Linn. Silky Cornel.
C. lanuginosa, Michx. FI. I., 92.
On gravel bars in rivers and wet places. New Brunswick (no locality
given.) (Fowler's Cat.) Very common on the borders of rivers in
Quebec. (Brunet.) Bank of the Moira at Belleville, and in Prince
Edward Co., Ont. (¥acoun.) Chippawa and Malden. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) This species is no doubt often
included in the next.
(902.) ©. stolonifera, Michx. Red-Osier Dogwood. Kinnikinnik.
Arrow-wood.
C. alba, Lam. Hook. Fl. I., 276., in Cs
C. sanguinea, Marsh. Hook. FI. I., 276
Very abundant in low grounds along streams, from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, and northward to Lat. 69°, in the Mackenzie River valley.
On the west side of the continent it is mixed with the next species,
from which it may be distinguished by the straight appressed hairs on
the young shoots.
(903.) ©. pubescens, Nutt.
C. alba, var. 8. Hook. Fl. L., 276. Macoun’s Cat., Nos. 762 and 765.
C. sericea, var. (?) wocttencentts, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 652.
he
+
&
North-west coast. (Menzies.) On the Thempson, at Spence’s Br —
B.C. [?] (Macoun.) All British Columbia forms should be carefully
collected in fruit.
(904.) Cc. asperifolia, Michx. - Rough-leaved Cornel.
Abundant on Pelee Point, Lake Erie, growing in sand. It is prob-
able-this species is common along thé Lake Erie shore. (Macoun.)
ee Cc. paniculata, LiHer. Panicled Cornel.
"Dr y, sandy thickejs and borders of fences. Halifax, N.S. (Me Kay.)
Reinity of Ottawa. (Mletcher Fl. Ott.) Abundant thr oughout Ontario
id possibly farther east than Ottawa, but taken for C. sericea.
(906.) C. alternifolia, Linn. Alternate-leaved Cornel.
A small tree on the borders of woods, Pictou, N.S. (Mc Kay).
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) In open woods, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Sparingly in woods along the River Rouge, Q. (D’ Urban.) Montreal
192 4 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
'
Mountain. (Maclagan.) Common from Ottawa to the west side of
Lake Superior on the Kaministiquia. (Macoun.)
243. NYSSA, Linn. (PEPPERIDGE. SOUR GUM TREE.)
(907.) N. multiflora, Wang. Pepperidge.
NV. aquatica, Linn. Michx. Arb. Amer. II., 165.
N. biflora, Michx. Fl. IT., 259. Pursh, 177.
N. villosa, Michx. F]. II., 259. Pursh, 177.
One tree was observed in a field at Bismark on the Canada Southern
Railway, and large numbers of fine trees in a “ pepperidge swamp,”
between Essex Centre and Leamington, Ont. (Macoun.) Common
report in the County of Essex, Ont., makes this an abundant tree in
many swamps of that district.
GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA.
ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, LL.D., F.RS., F.G.S., Director.
CATALOGUE
OF
CANADIAN PLANTS.
PART II.—GAMOPETAL.
BY
JOHN MACOUN, M.A, F.LS., F.B8.C.,
Botanist to the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada.
Montrent :
DAWSON BROTHERS.
1884,
PREFACE.
PART I.
In the preface to the first part of this catalogue, mention was made
of the authorities from which our materials were drawn, and the names
of the various botanists from whom or through whom we had obtained
a knowledge of the geographical range of the various species.
One important omission was, however, inadvertently made. Promi-
nence should have been given to the fact that through the kindness of
Dr. Asa Gray and his able assistant, Sereno Watson, Esq., all doubtful
species were critically examined and reported on by them. In every
case their decision was considered final, except where mention is made
of divergence of opinion and the reasons therefor given in the text.
For many years these gentlemen have assisted me in determining our
difficult phenogams, and much of the real value of the present work is
due to them.
During the past year additional data have been obtained from most
of the Provinces, chiefly from the following sources :—Extensive collec-
tions were made by myself in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Anticosti.
In New Brunswick several enthusiastic botanists have greatly extended
the knowledge of the flora and added many species to the provincial
list. Mr. Henry Ami, of the Geological and Natural History Survey,
has added a number of interesting species to the Ontario flora, and
Adis Fowler, C.E., of Toronto, has contributed a local list of the species
found near that city. David F. Day, President of the Buffalo Natural:
History Society, has transmitted a complete list of the species collected
by himself and others on the Canadian side of the Niagara River and
on the shore of Lake Erie. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company
had extensive collections made last summer in the prairie region by
Messrs. Mason, Ducker, Creelman and J. M. Macoun. Dr. G. M.
Dawson, assisted by J. B. Tyrrell, B.A., in connection with his explora-
IV PREFACE.
tions in the Rocky Mountains has made many valuable additions to the
flora of that region. In British Columbia, Mr. James Fletcher, of
Ottawa, has collected on Vancouver Island and in the valleys of the
Fraser and Thompson rivers; while Mr. Cowley and J. A. Hill, C.E.,
have favoured me with many interesting plants from various parts of
that province.
Special thanks are due to Thomas Meehan, Hsq., State Botanist of
Pennsylvania, for an extensive manuscript list of the species collected
by him on the British Columbian and Alaskan coasts, during the sum-
mer of 1883. This list is a valuable addition to our knowledge of the
west coast flora.
It is proposed to continue the present work until all known species of
Canadian plants are catalogued, and their geographical range recorded,
and the writer earnestly invites all botanical students within the
Dominion to assist in this necessary work. The next part will com-
plete the exogens, and to this an addendum will be attached bringing
our knowledge of the foregoing parts up to date.
JOHN MACOUN.
GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS.
XLVI. CAPRIFOLIACEA. Honeysuckie Faminy,
244. ADOXA, Linn.
(908.) A. Moschatellina, Linn. Tuberous Moschatel.
In damp shady places under trees. Wooded country, Lat. 54°-64°.
(Richardson.) Along a small stream on the Telegraph Trail, east of
Nechacco River, B. C. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
245. SAMBUCUS, Linn. (ELDER.)
(909.) S. racemosa, Lion. Red-berried Elder,
S. racemosa, 8. Hook. FL I., 279.
S. pubens, Michx. Var. y. arborescens, Torr. & Gray, FI. II., 18.
Rocky hillsides from the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains to the
Pacific. Rocky Mountains on the east side. (Drummond.) Slope of
the south Kootanie Pass, and at Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass,
Lat. 50°; Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Thickets around
Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
Var. pubens, Watson, King’s Rept. V., 133.
S. pubens, Michx. Gray, Manual, 205. Macoun’s Cat., No. 785.
S. pubescens, Pers. Pursh, Fl. L., 204.
S. racemosa, Hook. Fl. I., 279.
Common along fences and in rocky thickets from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan. This form has generally five leaflets while the last
has seven, with the under side much more pubescent in the mountain
specimens.
194 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(910.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Common Elder.
In low thickets and along fences, frequent from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan. Berries purple. :
246. Viburnum, Linn. ARROW-WOOD.)
(911.) V. Lentago, Linn. Sweet Viburnum. Sheep-berry.
Common from Riviére du Loup westward to the valleys of the Red,
Assiniboine, and Saskatchewan rivers. Its usual habitatis river valleys
where it sometimes grows to the height of twenty feet with a diameter
of six inches. Its wood is of a yellow color and when fresh cut has a
very powerful and offensive odor.
(912.) V. nudum, Linn. Var. cassinoides, Torr. & Gray.
V. nudum, Hook. Fi. I., 279.
V. pyrifolium, Pursh, Fl. I., 201.
V. cassinoides, Linn. Pursh, Fl. I., 202.
V. prunifolium, Hook, FI. I., 279.
Common in cold’swamps and rocky wet woods from Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the Saskatchewan. Rare insouth-
ern Ontario. Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.)
(913). V. dentatum, Linn. Arrow-wood.
Wet places and thickets in south-western Ontario. La Grande
Chaudiére, Ottawa. (Pursh.) [Extremely doubtful.] Woods, north
of the Junction, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.)
It is probable that part of the above references belong to the next
species. Deleware station near St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.)
(914.) V. pubescens, Pursh. Downy Arrow-wood.
Dry rocky fields and thickets extending from the western part of
Quebec to Manitoba, near Brandon on the Assiniboine. Nicolet, Q.
(Maclagan) is its eastern limit. Although called Downy Arrow-wood,
itis often almost smooth, and approaches closely to the preceding
except in its short petioles which are constant.
(915.) V. acerifolium, Linn. Maple-leaved Arrow-wood.
Dry rocky thickets and borders of woods. Belceil and Montreal
Mountains. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common in Ontario. (Macoun.)
From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) This species
is reported from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Alaska, but, as it was
formerly confounded with the next, I believe these references belong
to that species
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 195
(916.) V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Few-flowered Viburnum.
V. acerifolium, Bongard’s Veg. Sitka.
V. Oxycoccus, Pursh. Hook. Fi. I., 281, in part.
V. edule, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 281, in part.
Very common in cool low woods or on mountain slopes throughout
the northern forest region. Labrador. (Butler.) Mountains near
Joachim, Q. (Brunet.) Anticosti, Gaspé Peninsula, north shore of
Lake Superior, and westward to northern British Columbia, where it
is very abundant; also, Cypress Hills, N. W.T. (Jacoun.) Flathead
River, B.C. (Dawson.) Saskatchewan to Slave Lake in Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(917.) V. Opulus, Linn.” High-bush Cranberry.
V. Oxycoccus, Pursh. Hook. FI. I., 281, in part.
V. edule, DC. Wook. Fl. I., 281, in part.
V. Opulus, Linn, Var. Americanum, Ait. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 18.
In river valleys and low damp meadows by brooks. Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, and westward to the valleys of the Red, Assiniboine
and Saskatchewan rivers. More southern than the preceding, and
ripening its abundant fruit, which, however, is far from being so plea-
sant as thatof V. pauciflorum, much later.
(918.) V. lantanoides, Michx. Hobble-bush.
Common in cool, damp or rocky woods from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick, throughout Quebec and northern Ontario, to Lake Superior.
247. LINN/EA, Cronov. (TWIN-FLOWER.)
(919.) L. borealis, Gronov. Northern Twin-flower.
Very abundant in cool, mossy woods from the Atlantic to the Pacific
and far northward.
Var. longiflora, Torrey in Bot. Wilkes Exped.
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) This form has larger flowers
with along tapering tube and much longer and wider sepals. (Macoun.)
248. SYMPHORICARPOS, Juss. (SNOW-BERRY.)
(920.) S. occidentalis, R. Br. Wolfberry.
Very common throughout the prairie region extending from the
196 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
eastern margin of the prairie to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Forest country, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)
(921.) S. racemosus, Michx. Snow-berry.
Symphoria racemosus, Pers. Pursh, FI. I., 162.
Xylosteum ciliatum, 8. album, Pursh, FI. I., 161.
Rocky and dry river banks and in thickets where limestone gravel
prevails. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Common
in gardens (cultivated), N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) On mountains near
Lake Mistassini,Q. (Michaux.) Very abundant in the limestone dis-
tricts of Ontario, and extending westward to the Rocky Mountains
and British Columbia. (?)
Var. pauciflorus, Robbins.
Same habitat but seldom separated from the last. The common
form at Ottawa. (letcher.) On the Canadian side of the Niagara
River, near the Falls. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(Burgess.) Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Port Colborne, Ont. (WWeGill
Coll. Herb.) South of Battleford, N.W.T. (dacoun.)
249. LONICERA, Linn. (HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.)
(922.) L. ciliosa, Poir.
L. occidentalis, Hook. Fi. I., 282. Macoun’s Cat. No. 777.
Caprifolium ciliosum, Pursh, F1. I., 160.
Rocky hillsides Pacific coast. Vancouver Island, near Victoria.
(Fletcher & J. Richardson.) Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(923.) Ls hispidula, Douglas. Var. Douglasii, Gray.
L. (2) microphylla, Hook. Fl. I., 283.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J. Richardson.)
(924.) L. hirsuta, Eaton. Hairy Honeysuckle.
Climbing high over bushes and along fences, from the Ottawa
westward. Beauharnois Co., Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Wolfe Iskand, Kingston, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Common at London, Ont., and Prince Arthur’s Landing, Lake Su-
perior. (Burgess.) Common in central Ontario, also up the Kaminis-
tiquia River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Pancake River, Lake Huron.
(J. Bell.) Owen Sound and Sable. (McGiil Coll. Herb.)
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 197
(925.) L. Sullivantii, Gray.
LT. flava var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IT., 6.
L. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 282.
Neighborhood of Winnipeg. (Gray, 1883.) I refer specimens
which I have hitherto named ZL. parviflora, var. Douglasii to. this
species. These were collected at the Pic River, Lake Superior, on the
Assiniboine at Fort Ellice, and at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba,
Man. (Macoun.) In the vicinity of Emerson, Red River, Man.
(Dawson.) Moose Mountain, Man. (J. M. Macoun in C. P. BR. Coll.)
(926.) L. glauca, Hill. Smooth Honeysuckle.
L. parviflora, Lam. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 204. Macoun’s Cat. No. 779.
Caprifolium parviflorum, Pursh, FI. IL, 161.
C. bracteosum, Michx. FI. I., 105.
Montreal Mountain. (Holmes.) Common throughout Ontario in
thickets and along fences. (Macoun.) Near Emerson, Man. (Burgess.)
Occasionally met with in Manitoba. (Macoun.) Frequent, and as far
north as the Saskatchewan, and from Hudson Bay to the Rocky
Mountains. (Hooker.) Milk River Ridge, Long. 112°, N. W. T.
(Dawson.) Hooker mentions two varieties, one with glabrous leaves,
which we recognize as the species under consideration. The other with
leaves which are pubescent on the under side, which is our western
form or LD. Sullivantii (Gray.)
(92%.) L. involucrata, Banks.
Rocky woods and banks of streams throughout the wooded region.
Near the confluence of the Metapedia and Restigouche Rivers, N.B.
(Chalmers.) Ste. Anne’s River, Gaspé, Q. (Porter.) Port Arthur
Lake Superior. (Macoun.) North and South Kootanie Passes; eastern
slope of Rocky Mountains and Belly River. (Dawson.) Forest country,
Lat. 54°-64°, thence to the Rocky Mountains. (Richardson.) Frequent
on the north-west coast, Lat. 54°-56. (Douglas.) Common in nor-
thern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands and Coast
Range, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant near, Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(928.) L. ciliata, Muhl. Fly Honeysuckle.
Xylosteum Tartaricum, Michx. FI. I., 106.
X. ciliatum, Pursh, Fl. L, 161.
Damp and rocky woods ; generally on turned up stumps. Common
in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario, to the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Dean or Salmon
River, B.C. (Dawson.)
198 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(929.) L. czerulea, Linn. Mountain Honeysuckle.
Xylosteum villosum, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 6.
Swamps and high northern woods, common northwards. In bogs
Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Anticosti and
Quebec, Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior, and in swamps along the
north shore ; extending westward, in the forest region, to the northern
part of British Columbia. (Macoun.) Throughout the wooded country
and as far north as Lat. 66°. (Richardson.) A specimen in fruit with
oval rather long-petioled leaves, gathered in the South Kootanie Pass
by Dr. G. M. Dawson, is doubtfully referred here.
Var. villosa, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 9.
Xylosteum villosum, Michx. Pursh, Fl. I, 161.
Distinguished from the last by its hairy branches and leaves.
Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) Newfoundland. (Pylaie.) Coast of
Labrador and Dartmouth Hills, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Chipman
and Gondola Point, N.B. (Wetmore.) Marshes along the base of the
Porcupine Mountain, headof Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.)
Knee Lake, Nelson River, near Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.)
(930.) L. oblongifolia, Hook. Swamp Honeysuckle.
Cedar and tamarac swamps; rare. Lake Memphremagog, Q.
(Burgess.) Montreal Island, Q. (Goldie) Recollet swamp, five
miles from Montreal. (McRae.) Near Heck’s Mills, vicinity of
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Swamps in Hastings and Northumberland
Counties ; vicinity of Owen Sound, Ont.; and Dawson Road, west of
Port Arthur, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Drum-
mond.)
(931.) L. Tartarica, Linn. Garden Fly Honeysuckle.
Escaped from gardens and growing from seed at Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Apparently naturalised at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Spontaneous near Fort Hrie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Escaped from gardens
and growing from seeds at Ottawa and New Edinburgh. (Fietcher.)
250. DIERVILLA, Tourn. (BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.)
(932.) D. trifida, Mcench.
D. Tournefortii, Michx, F1. I., 107.
D. lutea, Pursh, Fl. 1., 162,
D. humilis, Pers. Holmes Herb. McGill College.
D. Canadensis. Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 281.
Dry rocky fields along fences, in dry thickets and along the gravelly
#
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 199
banks of rivers. Common from Anticosti; Nova Scotia, and New
Brunswick to the western part of Ontario, thence westward to Red Deer
River, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Hooker.)
251. Triosteum, Linn. (HORSE-GENTIAN.)
(933.) T. perfoliatum, Linn. Fever-wort.
T. majus, Michx. Fl. I., 107.
Damp low grounds along brooks and in river valleys. Papineau
Woods, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Rich low woods Montreal and St.
Therese, Q. (Brunet.) Chelsea, Q., near Ottawa. (Billings.) Vicinity
of Ottawa and westward throughout Ontario to the Georgian Bay, not
uncommon.
XLIX. RUBIACEA. Mapprr Famity.
252. CEPHALANTHUS, Linn. (BUTTON-BUSH.)
(934.) ©. occidentalis, Linn. Button-bush.
Muddy borders of rivers and lakes, common. Lake St. Pierre, Q.
(Brunet.) Gregory’s Meadows, near Montreal. (Holmes.) St. Andrews,
Brome Lake, Knowlton and Lake Commandant, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Common in Ontario, extending west to the Sault Ste. Marie.
253. HOUSTONIA, Linn. (HOUSTONIA.)
(935.) H. purpurea, Linn. Var. ciliolata, Gray.
Hedyotis ciliolata, Hook. FI. I., 286.
On rocky places, especially limestone, along or near rivers and lakes,
apparently rare. Very abundant in rocky woods along the Bay of
Quinte at Belleville; shore of Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Niagara River, at the Whirlpool and above. (Maclagan & Day.)
Vicinity of Paris, Ont. (Logie.)
200 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var, longifolia, Gray.
Hedyotis longifolia, Hook. F1. I., 286.
Houstonia angustifolia, Pursh Fi. I., 106.
ET. tenuifolia, Nutt. Dawson Bound, Rep. 362.
Not uncommon on gravelly soil. Strathroy, Ont. Norway House,
Lake Winnipeg. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Lake of the Woods and mouth of Rainy River; along the Assiniboine
River, both above and below Brandon, Man.;.also western end of
Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) On Moose Mountain Creek, 15
miles south-west of Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun in C. P. R. Coll.)
(936.) H. czerulea, Linn. Bluets.
Oldenlandia cerulea, Gray Man. 2nd Ed.
Hedyotis cerulea, Hook, FI. I., 286, var. a.
Rocky or sandy fields and thickets usually along the coast. Very
abundant at Point Pleasant and the North West Arm, Halifax, N.S.;
sandy fields Kingston, Annapolis Valley, N.S. (Macoun.) Very
abundant in St. John Co. Have not noticed it farther north. In moist
grassy places. On the sea shore at Rothesay, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) St.
Hyacinthe, Richmond, and along the River St. Francis, Q. (Brunet.)
Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.) About Quebec. (Hooker.)
Var. £. minor, Torr. & Gray.
Hedyotis cerulea, L. var. 8.
Houstonia Linnxi B. minor, Michx. Fl. I., 85.
Fort William on Lake Superior. (Richardson.) Not noticed by
later explorers.
254. MITCHELLA, Linn. (PARTRIDGE-BERRY.)
(937.) M. repens, Linn.
Under evergreens and other trees from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westward to the Georgian Bay. A beautiful little plant
whether in fruit or flower.
255. CALIUM, Linn. (CLEAVERS. BEDSTRAW.)
(938.) G. Aparine, Linn. Goose-grass.
In cultivated ground and on borders of woods, also along gravelly
beaches. Introduced in ballast at Carleton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) On
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 201
ballast heaps at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and at Pictou, N.S. (In-
troduced.) Very abundant along the beach above Becscie River,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) Saint Croix, near Quebec, in gardens. (Brunet.)
Mountain side, Hamilton, Ont. (Dogie.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) London, Ont. (Burgess.) Gardens and fields
near Belleville; also at Owen Sound, Ont.; vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Roth. Alask.)
(939.) G. asprelum, Michx. Rough Bedstraw.
Climbing over bushes along streams in meadows or open woods,
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Truro, N.S., and Whycocomagh, Cape Breton ;
also along the Gaspé coast. (Macoun.) Common in low woods, N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Very common in Quebec, and extending westward
through Ontario to the Kaministiquia River west of Lake Superior.
(Macoun.)
(940.) G. Mollugo, Linn. Narrow-leaved Bedstraw.
Introduced in ballast at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) In culti-
vated fields, Truemansville, N.S. (Zrueman.)
(941.) &. trifidum, Linn. Small Bedstraw.
G. Claytoni, Hook. Fl. I., 288.
Under several forms this species extends from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and north to Lat. 68°. The leading varieties are as follows :—
Var. pusillum, Gray.
In swamps and cold bogs. Bog at Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (M/acoun.)
Abundant in spagnous swamps. N.B. (owler’s Cat.) Dawson Road,
west of Port Arthur. (Burgess.)
Var. tinctorium, Torr. & Gray.
G. tinctorium, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 288.
In boggy and wet open woods amongst bushes. Newfoundland.
(Morrison.) Quite common in Nova Scotia, especially around Anna-
polis; also common along the Gaspé coast. (Macoun.) Frequent in
Quebec. (McGill Coll. Herb.) In swampy woods, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.) Straits of De Fuca, north-west coast. (Scouler.)
Var. latifolium, Torr.
G. obtusum, Bigel, & G. strictum, Holmes Coll. McGill College.
Generally in wet marshy woods, easily known by its broad leaves
and widely branching stems. Portland, N.B. (Matthews.) St. Andrew’s
202 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
and Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Marshes in the vicinity
of Belleville, and along the line of the Canada Southern Railway, west
of St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont, (Burgess.)
Var. bifolium, Macoun.
A tall-growing lax form with all the leaves opposite and tapering
at the base into a petiole; margins and midrib very slightly retrorsely
hispid; flowers, numerous, in corymbs, with the parts in fours. This
form approaches var. tinctorium, but is quite distinct, being constantly
two leaved and having larger and more widely spreading flowers.
Collected on Amherst Island, one of the Magdalens, in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, by Mr. James Richardson, August 7th, 1879.
(942.) .C. triflorum, Michx. Three-flowered Galium.
G. brachiatum, Pursh, Fl. L., 103.
Abundant in cool woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north
to Lat. 58° on the Peace River. The British Columbian specimens are
remarkable for having the sweet scent of the European Asperula
odorata, when drying.
(943.) G. Aparine, Linn. Var. Vaillantii, Koch.
On ledges, in a deep cafion, below the bridge on Elk River, west of
the Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. Alt. 3,000 feet. (Dawson.)
(944.) G. pilosum, Ait. Hairy Galium.
Sandy or dry open woods, south-western Ontario. Vicinity of
Queenston and on sand at the southern extremity of Point Pelee, Lake
Erie. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
(945.) C. cirezezans, Michx. Wild Liquorice.
Dry open woods, rather rare. Island of Orleans, Q. (T'homas.) Rich
woods at Quebec and St. Charles, Q. (Brunet.) Montreal Mountain.
(Holmes.) Vicinity of Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Woods
near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Mirwin’s Wood’s, near Prescott, Ont.
(Billéngs.) Kingston and St. Catharines. (Maclagan.) Rocky woods,
near Picton, and in Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont.; also Queens-
ton Heights. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(946.) G. lanceolatum, Torr. Wild Liquorice.
G. circezans, 3. lanceolatum, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 24.
Rocky woods, rather rare. Vicinity of Quebec. (Shepperd.) St
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 203
Andrews and Belcil Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) At Mirwin’s Woods, near Prescott, Ont.
(Biilings.) Woods near Belleville; woods Seymour, Northumberland
Co., and on the Rice Lake Plains, Ont. (Macouwn.) Vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) At the Whirlpool, Niagara River. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)
(947.) G. Kamtschaticum, Steller.
G. circezans, var. montanum, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 24.
Mountain woods on the upper slopes of Mount Albert, Shickshock
Mountains, Gaspé, Q. (Macoun.) In woods near the northern end of
Cape Breton Island. (McKay.)
(948.) €. boreale, Linn. Northern Bedstraw.
G. septentrionale, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 4.
G. Bermudianum, Muhl. Holmes Herb. McGill College.
G. strictum, Torr. Holmes Herb. McGill College.
In gravelly or rocky thickets from Quebec westward. Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.) Common throughout Ontario and westward to
the Pacific Coast, extending northward to Lat. 68°. It is very re-
markable that this species, although northern and European, is not
found in the Hastern Provinces, except at Montreal. This plant varies
so much that none of the descriptions are constantly applicable, though
all forms are clearly referable to a single species. Rocky Mountain
specimens are scabrous above with very hairy fruit and the dried
leaves almost revolute and very obtuse.
(949.) G. rubioides, Linn. Hook. Fi. L., 289.
T believe this to be an extreme form of G. boreale, but I prefer to
classify the broad leaved forms under G*. rubioides. The leaves of these
are ciliate on the margins and hairy on the veins beneath, thin and per-
fectly flat. Grassy thickets near Belleville,Ont. (Jacoun.) Qualcho
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant on dry elevated soils under the
shade of solitary pines, in the Valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
Kotzetbue Sound. (Lay & Collie.)
(950.) G. verum, Linn. Yellow Bedstraw.
On waste grounds. Scarcely naturalized. Township of Gloucester,
two miles from Ottawa. (&. B. Whyte.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.)
204 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
256. SHERARDIA, Linn. (BLUE FIELD-MADDER.)
(951.) S. arvensis, Linn.
Introduced in one or two places. Tatamagouche, Colchester Co.,
N.S. (McKay.) Roadsides and waste places, Ottawa. Gathered two
years in succession. (Ami.) In Parkdale on the Gwynne Estate near
Toronto. (Fowler.)
L. VALERIANACEA. Va.erRIAN Famity.
257. VALERIANA, Linn. (VALERIAN.)
(952.) V. dioica, Linn, var. sylvatica, Watson. Marsh Valerian.
V. sylvatica, Rich. Hook. FI. I., 281.
Swamps, marshes and wet meadows by brooks. Newfoundland.
(Banks.) On Clear Water River, north of Methy road. (Richardson.)
Prairies of the Rocky Mountains about Lat. 54°. (Drummond.) Bogs
along the shore of Lesser Slave Lake and on the road between it and
Peace River. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, South Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Cariboo, B.C. Cowley.
Var. uliginosa, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 47.
In swamps and peaty bogs. Leaves ciliate particularly on the
petioles and stems, pubescent generally in one line. Not common
at Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Jupiter River, Anticosti; tamarac
swamps at Belleville, Ont.; swampy meadows and bogs, Peterboro’
and Victoria Co’s., Ont.; swampy meadow, Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.)
(953.) V. capitata, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 292.
Cool woods and by brooks, generally in the mountains. Eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass and Crow Nest Pass, east of summit,
Lat. 49° 30’. Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Arctic shores,
between the Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. (Richardson.) Kot-
zebue Sound to Cape Lisburne; Sitka; Point Barrow to Mackenzie
River. (Rothr. Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 205
Var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray Fi. IL, 48.
V. pauciflora, Hook. FI., 291.
By brooks and in cool mountain woods. Woods in the Rocky
Mountains north of the Smoky River, about Lat. 56°. (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass; eastern side of Crow Nest Pass and on the
Flathead River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Yale,
B.C. (Macoun.) Vancouver Island, near Nanaimo. (J. Richardson.)
(954.) V. edulis, Nutt.
V. ciliata, Torr. & Gray FI. IT, 49.
Patrinia longifolia, MacNab in Edinb. Phil. Journ., 19.
Patrinia ceratophylla, Hook. Fl. I., 290.
Rich low grounds along the Maitland River, near Goderich, Ont.,
1834. (MacNab.) Valley of the Bayfield River, Lake Huron. (Gib-
son.) Flats of the River Thames, near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains within British Columbia. [?] (Douglas.
258. PLECTRITIS, DC.
(955.) P. congesta, DC.
Abundant on grassy open places around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
259. FEDIA, Moench. (CORN-SALAD.)
(956.) F. olitoria, Vahl.
Sparingly introduced along Lake Erie. Near Port Colborne, Ont,
(David F. Day.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
LI. DIPSACEA, Teaser Fanny.
260. DIPSACUS, Linn. (TEASEL.)
(957.) D. sylvestris, Mill. Wild Teasel.
Introduced. Very abundant where found, but local. Along road-
sides, frequent in the counties of Prince Edward, Hastings and North-
206 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
umberland, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara Falls and vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Port Dover, Ont. (MMillman.) North Pelham, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Hamilton, Ont. (fletcher.)
LII. COMPOSITA. Composite FAmiIty.
261. VERNONIA, Schreb. (IRON-WEED.)
(958.) V. Noveboracensis, Willd.
V. prealta, Hook. Fl. I., 304.
Fields and roadsides south-western Ontario. Canada. (Pursh.)
Close to the railway station at Essex Centre, Ont. (Macoun.) Malden,
Ont. (Maclagan.)
262. EUPATORIUM, Linn. (THOROUGH-WORT.)
(959.) E. purpureum, Linn. Joe-Pye Weed.
E. maculatum, Hook. FI. I., 305.
E. punctatum, Willd. Pursh FI. IL, 515.
E. amenum, Pursh FI. IT., 514.
E. falcatum, Michx. FI. IT.,.99.
Low meadows along streams and in river valleys. Extending from
Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to the Rocky
Mountains and northward to the Clear Water River. Lat. 57°.
(Macoun.) ladner’s Landing, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(960.) E. perfoliatum, Linn. Boneset.
Low meadows and along small streams, quite common. Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick. Extending to the Lake of the Woods.
(Dawson.)
((961.) E. ageratoides, Linn. White Snake-root.
E. urticefolium, Riech. Michx. FI. IL, 100.
Rich soil in damp woods, abundant in Ontario. In rich soil on the
banks of the Restigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec
and Ontario, extending to Owen Sound. (Macoun.)
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 207
Excluded Species.
E. rotundifolium, Linn.
This species is credited to Canada by Pursh and Goldie in Hooker
Fl. I. 304. Gray says it extends from Rhode Island to Virginia along
the coast.
263. MIKANIA, Willd. (CLIMBING HEMP-WEED.)
(962.) M. scandens, Linn.
Eupatorium scandens, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 97.
Moist shady places along streams, western Ontario. Malden.
Ont. (Maclagan.)
264. BRICKELLIA, Ell.
(963.) B. oblongifolia, Nutt.
On mountain slopes along the southern boundary of British Colum-
bia. (Lyail.)
(964.) B. grandiflora, Nutt.
Eupatorium (?) grandiflorum, Hook. Fl. IL, 26.
Rocky banks of streams in the Rocky Mountains. South Kootanie
Pass. 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
265. LIATRIS, Schreb. (BUTTON SNAKE-ROOT.)
(965.) L. cylindracea, Michx. Blazing Star.
L. spicata, Willd. in Saunders’ List of London Plants.
L. squarrosa, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 306.
Dry, sandy or gravelly soil throughout western Ontario. On sandy
soil Rice Lake Plains, also abundant at Castleton, Ont. (Macoun.)
Common at London in the cemetery, and at Cove, also at Amherst-
burgh, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.) Anderton, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Port Francis, Sable River, Lake
Huron. (Ami.) East side of La Cloche Island, Georgian Bay, rocky
prairie land. (J. Bell.)
a
208 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(966.) L. scariosa, Willd. Blazing Star.
L. squarrulosa, Michx. Fi. II., 92.
Very common on some parts of the western prairie region, especially
along the borders of ponds and marshes. This is a very beautiful
plant and one well worthy of cultivation. (Macoun.) Malden and
Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) The preceding species is probably
meant here.
(967.) L. punctata, Hook.
Much more abundant than the preceding, and extending from the
Lake of the Woods (Macoun) to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) This species prefers dry gravelly soil in the east, but west-
ward it grows on any dry soil. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan
Plains and on the Red Deer and Eagle Hills, on dry soils. (Douglas.)
266. CUTIERREZIA, Lagasca.
(968.) G. Euthamize, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 193.
Brachyris Euthamiz, Nutt. Hook. FI. IT., 23.
Solidago Sarothre, Pursh Fl. IL, 540.
S. tenuifolia, Pursb. Dawson Bound. Rep. 366.
Very abundant on much of the dry open prairie, and especially so in
and around the Cypress Hills. (dMacoun.) High grounds of the
Saskatchewan and Red Rivers. (Douglas.) From Turtle Mountain
westward along the 49th parallel. Represents Solidago lanceolata on the
dry open plains. Stems often many together from a woody caudex,
rarely attaining a height greater than eight inches. (Dawson.)
267. CRINDELIA, Willd.
(969.) G. squarrosa, Dunal.
Donia squarrosa, Pursh Fi. II, 559.
Very abundant on saline soil around ponds and in brackish marshy
places extending from the eastern border of the prairie region through
the Rocky Mountains to the Fraser River in British Columbia.
(Macoun.) Woody country, Lat. 54-64. (Richardson.) Abundant on
the banks of the Saskatchewan, between Carlton and Edmonton.
(Drummond.) Plains of the Red River and valleys of the Rocky
Mountains, on the east side. (Douglas.) From the Souris ta the Milk
River on the 49th parallel; also on the Chilcoten River, B. C.
(Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. . 209
(970.) G. integrifolia, DC.
Donia glutinosa, Hook. FI. II, 25.
Common along the seashore at the race course near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Nutka. (Scouler.)
(971.) G. stricta, DC.
In the Botany of California this and the preceding species are united,
but at present I prefer to keep them separate, as in our specimens they
appear to be distinct. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Along
the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
268. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt.
(972.) C. villosa, Nutt.
Amellus villosus, Pursh FI. IL, 564.
Diplopappus villosus, Hook. Fl. IT., 22.
Dry gravelly soil throughout the prairie region and extending
north-westward to the Peace River prairies, particularly abundant at
the north-west end of Lesser Slave Lake. (Macoun.) Common on the
Red Deer and Hagle Hills of the North Saskatchewan and banks of the
Assiniboine River; also on the low hills west of the Rocky Mountains,
to the Pacific Ocean, on dry, rocky or sandy soil. (Douglas.) Rising
ground east of Red River prairie, Turtle Mountain, open prairie, and
westward on the 49th parallel; also Milk River Ridge, and on dry
slopes to Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. hispida, Gray.
Diplopappus hispidus, Hook. FI. II., 22.
Chrysopsis hispida, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 255.
C. hirsuta, Macoun’s Cat., No. 940.
On dry gravelly soil rather rare. At Fort Carlton, on the Saskat-
chewan. (Richardson.) Cypress Hills and near the Hand Hills, N.W.T. ;
a resinous glandular form covered, on stem and leaves, with long white
hairs was collected at “Limestone Point,” near Cache Creek, B.C.
(Macoun & Fletcher.) Abundant on the Missouri Céteau, and at Wood
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
269. HAPLOPAPPUS, Cass.
(973.) H. spinulosus, DC.
Aplopappus spinwosus, DC. Macoun’s Cat., No. 932.
Amellus spinulosus, Pursh FI. I., 564.
Diplopappus pinnatifidus, Hook. FI. IL., 22.
Abundant on the dry prairie from Moose Mountain westward and
2
210 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
north-westward to Edmonton. (Jacoun.) Turtle Mountain and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains on dry prairie, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Rocky Mountains, near Jasper’s Lake, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
(%74.) H. lanceolatus, Torr. & Gray.
Aplopappus lanceotus, Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 931.
Donia lanceolata, Hook. FI. IL., 25.
On saline marshy prairie, not uncommon, from Manitoba westward
to the base of the Rocky Mountains. (d/acoun.) Saskatchewan River
between Carlton and Edmonton. (Drummond.) First branch of Milk
River on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(975.) H. uniflorus, Torr. & Gray.
Aplopappus uniflorus, Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 933.
Donia uniflora, Hook. FI. IL., 25.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) We are unacquainted with this species.
(976.) H. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray.
Aplopappus Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 934.
On dry clay, or gravelly banks, not common. On gravel ridges west
of Moose Mountain; at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, and the
Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, N.W.T. (dfacoun.) Dry bank at
the Crossing of the White Mud River or Frenchman’s Creek, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) On the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.)
(977.) H. acaulis, Gray, Var. glabratus, Watson.
Aplopappus acaulis, Gray, var. Macoun’s Cat., No. 935.
Aplopappus, Sp. 1. Dawson Bound. Rep. 363.
Stenotus cespitosus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. II., 238.
On dry clay, or gravel cliffs or ridges. Elbow of South Saskatchewan
and on the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, highest point of ridge.
(Uacoun.) Short Creek, Souris River, £9th parallel, growing in dense
tufts. (Dawson.)
270. BICELOVIA, DC.
(978.) B. graveolens, Gray. Var. hololeuca, Gray.
Linosyris grareolens, var. 8. Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 929.
L. Howardii, Parry. Dawson Bound. Rep , 365.
Chrysocoma nauseosa, Pursh FI. IT., 517, in part.
On denuded and alkaline soil that is very arid. Banks of Cotton-
wood Creek, 18 miles south of Fort Walsh: also, on an arid tract south-
east of Island Lake, near Medicine Hat, N.W.T. (d/acoun.) Second
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 211
Branch of Milk River on the 49th parallel; also, on the Chilcoten
River, west of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(979.) B. Douglasii, Gray.
Linosyris viscidiflora, Torr. & Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 930.
Crinitaria viscidiflora, Hook. Fl. IL, 24.
Bigelovia viscidiflora, DC. Prodr. VIL, 279.
Barrren or arid soil. In the upper valley of the Columbia within
British Columbia. (Douglas.) On arid soil near Cache Creek, B.U.
(Macwun & Fletcher.)
271. SOLIDACO, Linn. (GOLDEN-ROD.)
(980.) S. Squarrosa, Muhl.
In woods and thickets and on rocky banks of rivers. Restigouche,
N.B. (Chalmers.) Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Andover,
Victoria, Co., N.B. ( Wetmore.) Common throughout Quebec and
Ontario, especially in the northern part of the latter province. Lake
Mistassini. (J. Richardson.)
(981.) S. czesia, Linn. -
In rich woods near Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Miss I. Grant.) These
are the only specimens of the normal form I have seen.
Var. axillaris, Gray.
S. avillaris, Pursh Fl. IL, 542.
S. flewicaulis, Hook. Fl. II, 4.
Moist, rich woodlands, and slopes of ravines in open woods. Hali-
fax, N.S. (Sommers.) North Mountain woods near Annapolis, N.S.
(.Macoun.) Coté St. Paul, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Belceil Moun-
tain, Q. (Maclagan.) Rather common throughout Ontario and
extending westward to Owen Sound. (acoun.)
(982.) S. latifolia, Linn.
S. flecicauwlis, Linn, var. latifolia, Hook. Fl. IL, 5.
Moist shaded banks in woods and borders of ravines. Common from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to
the Georgian Bay.
(983.) S. bicolor, Linn.
Dry thickets and river banks and old fields, rather common. Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and westward to the Saskatchewan,
also Red Deer River, Lat, 53°. (ddacoun.).
212 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. concolor, Torr. & Gray.
River banks and along the sea coast. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Tatagouche River, Gloucester Co., N.B. (Chalmers.) Banks of Jupi-
ter River, Anticosti; Riviere Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspé; and rocky
woods along Partridge Lake, Addington Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Below
Quebec. (Maclagan.) The commoner form around Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fi. Ott.) Kingston, Ont. (urgess.)
Var. lanata, Gray.
S. lanata, Hook. Fl. II, 4.
Plains of the Saskatchewan, near the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
(984.) S. macrophylla, Pursh.
S. thyrsoidea, E. Meyer. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 241. Macoun’s Cat., No. 927.
S. leiocarpa, DC. Prodr. V., 339.
S. Virgaurea, Pursh Fl. I., 542.
Mountain woods, and farther north along streams. Labrador.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Beside a densely shaded brook, Bass River, N.B,
(Fowler’s Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Very abundant in
open spruce woods, Anticosti; brook sides Pirate’s Cove, Straits of
Canso, in a ravine at Whycocomagh, Cape Breton. Very common on
the Gaspé peninsula and up the sides of the Shickshock Mountains ;
Michipicoten Island at the wooding station, Lake Superior. (J/acoun.)
Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.) A form with almost sessile
leaves and large, axillary spikes of flowers, collected at Tail Creek, on
the Red Deer River, Long. 113° west, is doubtfully referred to this
species. (AMacoun.)
(985.) S. multiradiata, Ait.
S. Virgaurea, var. multiradiata, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 207.
On mountains or along the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54°-56°. (Drummond.)
Mackenzic River and Bear Lake. (Aichardson.) Bay of Eschscholtz.
(Chamisso.) Fort Youcon, Alaska. (Dail.) Bartlett’s Bay, Alaska.
(Meehan.) An imperfect specimen obtained by Dr. R. Bell at York
Factory, Hudson Bay, is referred here.
x
Var. scopulorum, Gray.
S. corymbosa, Nutt. Macoun’s Cat., No. 905.
South Kootanie Pass, 7,000 feet alt., and on the north branch of the
Old Man River within the Rocky Mountains ; also on Dean or Sal-
mon River, near Salmon House, B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 213
(986.) S. Virgaurea, Linn, var. alpina, Bigel.
S. Virgaurea, Hook. Fl. IL, 5.
Summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.)
Torrey & Gray and Hooker give many localities for the above three
forms, but it isvery likely that the more arctic andalpine are all refer-
able to 8. multiradiata and its variety scopulorum. The Lake Superior
specimens referred to this form evidently belong to the next.
(987.) S. humilis, Pursh, not Desf.
On rocky shores of the ocean and lakes ; frequent northward. Fort
Albany, Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland. (Herb. Banks.) Ungava,
Hudson Strait, coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) South-
West Point, and mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti. Bake-apple Bog,
Sydney Mines, Cape Breton. North shore of Lake Superior above
Michipicotin. (Macoun.) In the country north-east of Lake Supe-
rior, and on Gros Cap on the shore of the lake. (R. Bell.) Wooded
country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.),
Var. £., Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 206.
S. stricta, Hook. Fl. IT., 4, in part.
Abundant on the prairie, more especially northward and westward,
to the base of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Fort Carlton on the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Wooded country between Lat. 54°-64°.
(Richardson.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel, N.W.T., Sand Creek, in
the Kootanie Valley ; and, on the Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(988.) S. confertiflora, DC.
S. glutinosa, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. series) VIL., 328.
Nootka and Mulgrave Sound. (De Candolle.) Along the Fraser and
Thompson rivers at Lytton and Spence’s Bridge, B. C. (Fletcher.)
Ounalashka, Cape Mulgrave and Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.)
(989.) S. sempervirens, Linn.
Salt marshes along the coast of New Brunswick, rather common.
(Fowler's Cat.) Halifax, Pictou, and Truro, and doubtless common
around the coasts of Nova Scotia. Frequent along the Bay of Chaleur
and up the Gaspé Coast to Petit Metis. (/acoun.)
(990.) S. puberula, Nutt.
Dry sandy soil, common in New Brunswick. (fowler’s Cat.) St.
Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)
214 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(991.) S. odora, Ait. Sweet Golden-rod.
S. retrorsa, Michx. FI. IL, 3.
Borders of thickets in dry or sandy soil. Near Grand Lake, N.S,
(Sommers.) Fields near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) I have never seen
a Canadian specimen of this species and am doubtful of its occurrence
within our limits. (Macoun.)
(992.) S. uliginosa, Nutt. Swamp Golden-rod.
S. stricta, Hook. F). II.,4, in part. Macoun’s Cat., No. 909.
S. stricta, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 204, not Ait.
Sphagnum swamps and tamarack bogs. Newfoundland, Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and thence westward to and beyond the
Rocky Mountains in the wooded country.
(993.) S. speciosa, Nutt.
S. sempervirens, Michx. FI. IT., 119, not of Linn.
Borders of woods, near Pictou, N.S. (McAay.) St. Stephen, N.B.
(Vroom.) To be looked for in the Maritime provinces. It is probable
that this species is often referred to the preceding one.
(994.) S. patula, Muhl.
S. asperata, Pursh Fl. IT., 538.
Swamps, meadows, and moist woods. Canada. (Herb. Banks, Hooker
& Pursh.) Swamps in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(995.) S. rugosa, Mill.
S. altissima, Hook. FI. Il., 2. Macoun’s Cat., No. 916.
S. altissima, var. B. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 216.
S. villosa, Pursh Fl. IT., 537. Hook. Fl. IL, 2.
Common in meadows, thickets and open woods and on the borders
of fields and roads. Border of fields near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Com-
mon in Quebec and Ontario and extending to Thunder Bay, Lake
Superior.
(996.) S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray Fl. I1., 213.
In swamps and wet beaver-meadows. St. John Co., N.B. (Hay.)
Swamps in the northern part of Hastings and Northumberland
Counties, Ont. (Wacoun.) Steep gravelly banks. Niagara Falls,
(Burgess.) Damp wooded banks of the Gatineau at Ironsides, Q.
(Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 215
(997.) S. Terrze-Novee, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 206.
In bogs, Newfoundland. (Pylaie.) Specimens obtained at Salt
Lake, Anticosti, in August, 1883, may belong here. (Macoun.) Gray
remarks that this species is still insufficiently known.
(998.) S. arguta, -Ait.
S. Mullenbergii, Torr. & Gray FI). IL, 214. Macoun’s Cat., No. 921.
Borders of thickets and in open pine or sandy woods. Hastings and
Northumberland counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) St. Catharines and Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(999.) S. juncea, Ait.
S. arguta, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 214. Macoun’s Cat., No. 917.
Common in meadows and fields and in partly cleared land. Wood:
stock and St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Smithtown, King’s Co., N.B.
(Brittain.) Near St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Common throughout Quebec
and Ontario, and westward to’ the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Wooded country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) Our form is”
principally the variety scabrella of Torr. & Gray.
(1000.) S. Missouriensis, Nutt.
Dry prairies, not uncommon. Turtle Mountain, Man. (Dawson.)
Dry prairies of the Assiniboine, Man. (Douglas.) Frequent on the
prairie west of Fort Ellice to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. montana, Gray.
This form is the common one on the Canadian prairies and extends
westward to the Rocky Mountain forests. (iMacoun.) Milk River
near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) A broad-leaved form which may be
var. extraria, Gray, has been gathered near the Hand Hills. (Afacoun.)
(1001.) S. serotina, Ait.
S. gigantea, Torr. & Gray F. I., 225. Macoun’s Cat., No. 912.
Borders of woods and in fields eastward, in copse-wood and borders
of coulées on the western prairie. Grand Lake, N.8. (Sommers.)
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) St. John County, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.)
Vicinity of Ottawa at Billings’ Bridge and Hull. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Rocky bed of the Trent at Heely Falls, Northumberland Co., and in
the neighborhood of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara district and
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Near the Three Buttes, and Second Branch
of Milk River, 49th parallel, N.W.T. (Dawson.) South of Battleford,
and in ravines bordering on Bow River. (Macoun.) Plains of the Red
River. (Douglas.) Saskatchewan River. (Drummond.)
216 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
r. gigantea, Gray.
S. serotina, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 224. Macoun’s Cat., No. 911.
Borders of thickets and low grounds ; common throughout Canada’
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to the
Pacific; also northward on the Peace River to Lat. 59°. (Macoun.)
(1002.) S. lepida, DC.
Along. the north-west coast to Alaska. (Gray.) Queen Charlotte
Islands. 1878. (Dawson.) Nootka. (Henke.)
(1003.) S$. elongata, Nutt.
S. elata, Hook. FI. I1., 5.
S. Canadensis, Hook. Fl. II.,1. As to Arctic specimens.
Arctic America, from Slave Lake to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) Forms approaching S. Canadensis have been
collected by myself and Dr. Dawson along the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains and northward to Peace River. (Macoun.) Chilcoten
River, west of the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.) Straits of De Fuca.
(Scouler.) Abundant on Vancouver Island and up the Fraser and
Thompson rivers, B.C. (letcher.) Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.)
(1004.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Common Golden-rod.
Our commonest Golden-rod extending under one form or another
from the Atlantic to the Pacific. North to Fort Franklin on the Mac-
kenzie. (Richardson.)
Var. procera, Torr. & Gray.
S. procera, Ait. Hook. FI. IT, 2.
Apparently not rare in the Atlantic provinces. Jupiter River,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) New Brunswick. (owler.) Canada. (Pursh.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher.) Wooded country between Lat. 54°-
64°. (Richardson.)
Var. scabra, Torr. & Gray.
This form, or one taken for it, is common on the open prairie in the
North-west Territory. South-east of Hurricane Hills, and Souris
Plain. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.) Common south of Battleford
and around the Hand Hills, and west to Morley. (Macoun.)
(1005.) S. nemoralis, Ait.
Dry or sterile fields and sandy or gravelly thickets or prairies, com-
mon. From Anticosti westward to the Rocky Mountains. The prairie
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 217
specimens are generally shorter and mostly with entire leaves, being
var. 8. Torr. & Gray.
Var. incana, Gray.
S. incana, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 221.
Dry, sterile soil from Wood Mountain westward, especially north
and west of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Wood Mountain
and westward along the 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
(1006.) S. rigida, Linn. ;
On dry or sandy soil, Islands in the Detroit River. (Maclagan)
Dry sandy soil, edge of a field, near Fairmount, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Very common in the western prairie region extending
northward to Peace River, and west to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
(1007.) S. Ohioensis, Riddell.
Wet grassy places along the shore of Red Bay, Lake Huron.
(MMacoun.)
(1008.) S. Houghtonii, Torr. & Gray.
Swampy shores of Lake Huron around Chicken and Red Bays, and
on the Fishing Islands. (Macoun.)
(1009.) S. occidentalis, Nutt.
S. lanceolata, Hook. Fl. IT., 6, in part.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(1010.) S. lanceolata, Linn.
Very abundant along the shores of lakes and rivers from the Atlantic
provinces and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Rocky
Mountains and north to Lat. 64°. Quite common on the prairies near
pools of water and in the beds of coulées. (Macoun.) Western, prairie,
specimens have broad lanceolate five-nerved obtuse leaves, and seem to
run into S. occidentalis.
272. BELLIS, Linn. DAISY.
(1011.) B. perennis, Linn. Garden Daisy.
Introduced. On ballast heaps North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)
In lawns at Clifton, Ont. (David F. Day.) Apparently at home in
meadows and pastures uround Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Fletcher.)
218 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
273. TOWNSENDIA, Hook.
(1012.) T. florifer, Gray.
Erigeron (2) florifer, Hook. FI. II., 20.
Stenotus florifer, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 238.
Dry rocky or gravelly soil along the Milk River and on the North
Branch of the North Fork of the Old Man River alt., 5,000 feet,
N.W.T. (Dawson.)
(1013.) T. sericea, Hook. FI. IT, 16.
Aster (?) evscapus, Richards. in Frankl. Journ., 32.
Vicinity of Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Rare
upon the dry banks of the Saskatchewan, and among the Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
274. SERICOCARPUS ,Nees. (WHITE-TOPPED ASTER.)
(1014.) S. solidagineus, Nees.
Aster solidagineus, Michx. Fl. II., 108.
A, solidaginoides, Pursh FI. IT., 543.
Moist woodlands, Canada. (Torr. & Gray Fl. ID, 102.) Near Mon-
treal. (Cleghorn in Hooker.) We have no other record of this species
and consider its occurrence within our limits very doubtful. (J/acoun.)
275. ASTER, Linn. (STAR-WORT. ASTER.)
(1015.) A. tanacetifolius, HBK.
Macheranthera tmacetifolia, Nees. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4624.
On arid soil along the Milk River, near the south-western boundary
of the prairie region, rare. (Dawson.)
(1016.) A. canescens, Pursh.
Machxrunthera canescens, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1109.
Dietcria canescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 101.
On arid, argillaceous soils in the south-western part of the
prairie region. South of Wood Mountain, in dry clay-bottomed valleys,
on sub-suline soil. (Dawson.) On dry saline soil, where there is little
vegetation, around the Hand Hills, and along the Red Deer River to
the south of them. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 219
(1017.) A. corymbosus, Ait.
Eurybia corymbosa, Cass. Hook. Fl. II., 14-
Biotia corymbosa, DC. Prodr. V., 265.
Rather open woodlands on rich soil ; extending from the western part
of (Juebec to the Kaministiquia River, west of Lake Superior. (M/acoun.)
(1018.) A. macrophyllus, Linn.
Eurybia macrophylla, Hook. FI. IL, 14.
Biotia macrophylla, DC. Prodr. V., 265.
More abundant than the last and with a much wider range and the
same habitat. Windsor, N.S. (How.) Woods and borders of fields.
New Brunswick. (owler’s Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and
Ontario, and extending west to Norway House at the foot of Lake
Winnipeg. (Richardson.)
(1019.) A. radula, Ait.
Low wet meadows or woods eastward along the coast. Labrador.
(Butler.) Moist copses and low grounds. Nova Scotia and Newfound-
land. (Aiton.) In boggy ground at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and
in wet meadows at Louisburg, C.B. (Macoun.) Wet boggy places,
common, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Var. strictus, Gray.
Aster strictus, Pursh FI. IT., 556, not of Poir.
A, biflorus, Michx. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 106.
Around lakes ; and rivers which flow into Hudson Bay. (Michauzx.)
Labrador. (Pursh.) In the valley of Jupiter River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Upper Stewiacke, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1020.) A. montanus, Richards.
A. Richardsonii, Spreng. Hook. FI. IL, 7.
On gravel bars in river valleys and along the banks of such rivers.
Barren country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) Bow River from below Calgary to the
Pass above Morley. Very abundant on Peace River, both above and
below Dunvegan. (Macoun.) Alpine, Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Var. areticus, Torr. & Gray.
A, Sibiricus, Fischer in Herb. of Hooker.
Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka and Point Barrow. (Rotér Alask.)
Sources of the Youcon. (MeGill Coll. Herb.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon
River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
220 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. giganteus, Torr. & Gray Fi. IL, 107.
A. Richardsonii, B. giganteus, Hook. FI. IL, 7.
About Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Along
the Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1021.) A. conspicuus, Lindl.
Woods and grassy thickets, especially on the Saskatchewan. From
Carlton on the Saskatchewan, Lat. 53°, to the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Slope’of the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Abundant in ravines on the Cypress Hills and in woods
and thickets along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, extending
to the Peace River. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
(1022.) A. radulinus, Gray.
In thickets on the Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser, B.C. (Daw-
son.) On the side of a hill by a spring, Fraser River Crossing of Cana-
dian Pacific Railway, B.C. (fletcher.) These specimens may belong
to the preceding, as they are far from being satisfactory.
(1023.) A. spathulatus, Lindl.
Arctic America. Bear Lake and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.)
(1024.) A. adscendens, Lindl.
Dry and grassy places on the western prairies. Banks of the
Saskatchewan towards the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Milk
River near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Common around the Cypress
Hills and on the prairie westward, also west of the Touchwood Hills,
by Carlton and Fort Pitt to Edmonton. (Macoun.)
(1025.) A. Douglasii, Lindl.
Common on the north-west coast and Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria and on the
mainland at various points on the Fraser and Thompson rivers.
(Fletcher.) More than one species may be included in this as our west-
ern asters are very little known.
(1026). A. sericeus, Vent.
A. argenteus, Michx. F). IT., 111.
Dry banks of rivers. On sandy soil at the mouth of Rainy River,
and on islands in the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.)
1
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 221
(1027.) A. Menziesii, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IL, 12.
North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.) We know nothing of
this species.
(1028.) A. patens, Ait.
Dry soil and along fences. New Brunswick. (Matthew.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) This is a very doubtful species and needs
looking after.
(1029.) A. lzevis, Linn.
A. amplexicaulis, Willd. Hook. FI. IT., 18.
A. rubricaulis, Lam. Hook. FI. IT., 18.
A. cyaneus, Hoffm. Hook. Fl. IT., 13.
A. concinnus, Hooker Fl. II., 13.
A. strictus, Nees, var. angustifolius, Lind]. Hook. Fl. IL, 13.
In rather dry soil near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Very abundant
in the prairie region extending from its eastern border to far within
the Rocky Mountains and northward to Lat. 58° on the Peace River.
(Macoun.) From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Abundant along the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1030.) A. laevigatus, Lam.
A, levis, Linn. var. levigatus, Willd. Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 116.
Dr. Gray says of this specics in the proceedings of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XVIL, page 169. “ Unequivocal
indigenous specimens are hardly known; they are to be sought in
Lower Canada and NovaScotia.” <A careful examination of the Gaspé
peninsula and a large extent of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton by myself,
and the examinations of local collectors, show no plant upproaching
this species except forms that seem to lie between sl. tardiflorus, L., and
A. longifolius, Lam. Specimens of an aster which has the appearance
of this specics have been found at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Woods near Barrie, Ont.
(Spotten.) This is the long-leaved form with almost linear leaves.
Var. (?)
This is a form with hairy peduncles, especially at the base of the
flower, ciliate scales and generally hairy in the axils of the leaves,
which are also ciliate. In the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, 49th »
parallel ; also, in the lower part of the South Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
(1031.) A. azureus, Lindl.
Dry sandy soil rather scarce. Wesleyan Methodist burying ground,
Belleville ; also, Rice Lake Plains, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
BALL) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Hamilton, Ont. (Dogie.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Not uncommon,
London, Ont. (Saunders.)
(1032.) A. undulatus, Linn.
A. diversifolius, Michx. FI. IL, 113.
Dry woodlands and thickets, not common. Petitcodiac, N. B.
(Brittain.) Rice Lake Plains, common. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Hamilton. (Logie.) Sandwich, Ont. (M€aclagan.)
(1033.) A. cordifolius, Linn.
Woodlands and thickets, and in fence corners. Pictou, N.S. (de Kay.)
In woods near Annapolis, N. 8. (Macoun.) Very common in wood-
lands, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario,
and extending westward to the Georgian Bay.
(1034.) A. Lindleyanus, Torr. & Gray.
A. paniculatus, Ait. var. 6. Hook. FI. IL, 8.
Cool wet woods throughout the northern forest region. Lake Mis-
tassini, northern Quebec. (J. Richardson.) ('ommon on Anticosti
around Jupiter River, scarce along the Gaspé coast but frequent along
the travelled road in rear of Point Fame lighthouse. Doubtless com-
mon in northern Quebec and westward to the Saskatchewan, where it
becomes abundant and is found chiefly in damp woods to the base of
the Rocky Mountaius and northward to Little Slave Lake and
beyond. (Macoun.) On the Red and Assiniboine rivers, Man. (Douglas.)
Slave Lake. (Richardson.) Dunvegan, Peace River, N.W.T.; and
on the Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson)
Var. y. Torr. & Gray.
A. precox, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IL, 9. Macoun’s Cat., No. 847.
A. ciliolatus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IL., 9.
This is the form with thin membranaceous leaves. It seems to grow
principally in shady grassy places, and is possibly more northern in its
range. Red Deer River, near the Hand Hills, and along the Saskat-
chewin trom Carlton to Edmonton; also on the Porcupine Mountain,
Man. (Maroun.) Slave Lake and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.)
(1035.) A. sagittifolius, Willd.
Sandy or dry woods and thickets and along fences, rather local.
Petitcodiac, N.B. ( Brittain.) Common in the neighborhood of Belleville
and westward through Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara
and Malden. (dMaelagen.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
bo
bo
tes)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS
(1036.) A. ericoides, Ait.
A. sparsiflorus, Michx. Fl. II.. 118.
Barren soil and along lake shores or river margins. Toronto Island
and along the sandy shore of Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Barren soil,
Canada. (Pursh.)
Var. villosus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IT., 124.
Aster villosus, Michx. Fl. IL, 113.
Vicinity of Port Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.) <A very distinct variety
with hairy stem and leaves.
(1037.) A. multiflorus, Ait.
' A. ericoides, Lam. Michx. Fl. II., 113.
Dry or barren fields, rare in Ontario. Wesleyan Methodist burying-
grouud, Belleville; and on the Rice Lake Plains, Ont. (Jacoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Dogie.) Malden, Ont. (dfaclagan.)
Canada. (Pursh.)
Var. stricticaulis, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT, 125.
A. ericoides, Hook. FI. IL., 12.
This is the common form of A. multijlorus as found throughout the
prairie region. It is very abuudant and in many places forms one-
half of the prairie vegetation. (dMacoun.) Red River. (Douglas.)
Saskatchewan and towards the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Turtle Mountain, and abundant from the Red River to the Rocky
Mountains on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Var. commutatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT., 125.
A. ramulosus, var. incano-pilosus, Hook. Fl. IL, 13.
Heads larger, fewer, and generally single on the short branches.
Hand Hills on dry exposed soil, N.W.T. (dacoun.) On the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.)
(1038.) A. falcatus, Lindl.
A. ramulosus, Lindl, Var. a. Hook. FI. IL, 13.
This species seems to be only a variety of the preceding, but differs
in having three-nerved leaves, with appressed pubesence and with
looser and more acute involucral scales. Plains west of the Touchwood
Hills and along the North Saskatchewan. (dacoun.) Middle Fork of
North Branch of Old Man River, within the Rocky Mountains,
224 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Dawson.) Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) Within the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie River along the northern coast. (othr.
Alask.) At Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Chilcoten River, west
of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1039.) A. campestris, Nutt.
The specimen referred here is only viscid-pubescent on the upper
part of the stem and especially on the involucral scales and pedicels.
Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser River, B.C. (Davwson.)
(1040.) A. dumosus, Linn.
A very obscure species in Canada, Should be looked for in the south-
western part of Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) South-
western Ontario. (Maclagan.)
(1041.) A. paniculatus, Lam.
A. simplex, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 131. Macoun’s Cat., No. 852.
A. tenuifolius, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 132, in part. Macoun’s Cat., No. 870.
A. parviflorus, Hook. Fl. IL, 11.
A. Lamarckianus, Hook. Fl. IL, 11. Macoun’s Cat., No. 853.
This species, ax I understand it, includes all the forms which we in
Canada have been naming A. simplex and A. tenuifolius, but besides the
eastern forms, Dr. Gray has referred large-flowered western specimens
to the same multiform species, and in the absence of his revision of
this most difficult genus I make no attempt to separate the various
forms. Borders of brooks and along rivers and in low meadows from
Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, and possibly west to the Coast
Range in British Columbia. We have possibly two species here.
(1042.) A. diffusus, Hook. Fl. Il, 19.
A. miser, Torr. & Gray Fl. I1.,129. Macoun’s Cat., No. 843.
A. pendulus, Hook. FI. IT., 12.
A, divergens, Hook. Fl. IL, 11.
This is another multiform species, and although numerous varieties
might be enumerated, we consider it better to leave them together
until sufficient material has been collected to enable some one to speak
definitely regarding the various forms. Old fields and borders of woods,
along ditches and in low damp woods, extending from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick to the western part of Ontario.
Way.
(1043.) A. salicifolius, Ait.
A. carneus, Nees. Torr. & Gray FLIL, 133. Macoun’s Cat., No. 873.
A. laxifolius, Hook. FI. II., 10, in part.
This is another species which may include two distinct forms or
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 225
varieties. It has been reported from Nova Scotia (though doubtfully),
and from western Ontario by Maclagan, but we have never seen
an eastern specimen. Our western specimens approach A. panicu-
latus but ditfer in having the involucral bracts ciliate, the heads larger
and the leaves wider.
(1044) A. junceus, Ait.
A. laxus, var. borealis, Macoun’s Cat., No. 850.
A. borealis, Provancher, Fl. Canad. I., 308.
A. lasifolius, Nees. Hook. Fl. IL, 10. Macoun’s Cat., No. 840.
A. laxifolius, var. borealis, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 138.
A. bellidiflorus, Hook. Fl. IT., 11.
This species, as | understand it, grows in our cold bogs and wet mea-
dows and is generally in flower in the latter part of July. It extends
from the eastern provinces to the Rocky Mountains, and is not unfrequeut
on wet boggy places in the prairie region. (Macoun.) Wooded country
from Lat. 54°-64° ; also, Slave Lake. (Richardson.) From Hudson
Bay to the Rocky Mountains in swampy places. (Drummond.) Chil-
coten River, B.C. ( Dawson.)
(1045.) A. zestivus, Ait.
Dr. Gray says this species is indigenous in British America, but I
have no means of separating it from the preceding which very likely
includes forms of it. This is named ‘“ Labrador star-wort,” and is said
to flower by the middle of June. Very likely both this and the pre-
ceding are the same.
(1046.) A. Novi-Belgii, Linn.
A. longifolius, Lam. in part for eastern specimens.
We have no specimens of this species from the eastern provinces
and are not certain of its occurrence there, but as Dr. Gray states
it has been confounded with A. longifolius it will, in all probability, be
found within their limits. The western form, which may be the
A. asper, Linul., referred to on page 10, Hook. Fl. Vol. II., was obtained
at Morley in the valley of Bow River. (Macoun.)
(1047.) A. tardiflorus, Linn.
A. Cornuti, Nees. Hook. Fl. IL, 9.
1. patulus, Lam. Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 148.
Native of Lower Canada, (Dr. Gray.) Frequent along the Gaspé
coast, but hitherto referred to A. longifolius. Rather common on Anti-
costi, especially at the mouth of Jupiter River. (Macoun.) Possibly
mistaken in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for A. longifolius.
3
226 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1048.) A. longifolius, Lam.
A. salicifolius, Rich. in part.
This species is another of those that need careful examination and
comparison with authentic specimens It is reported from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick, but these notices are more likely referable to the
foregoing species. Mouth of Jupiter and other rivers, Anticosti, and
in a few localities along the Gaspé coast. (Macoun.) Very likely it
is the A. salicifolius of Richardson from Hudson Bay.
(1049.) A. puniceus, Linn.
This species in the typical form in low meadows and along streams,
in great profusion and luxuriance, extends from the Atlantic Coast to
the Rocky Mountains.
Var. firmus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 141.
A, vimineus, Lind]. Hook. FI. IL, 10.
A, puniceus, var. rimineus. Macoun’s Cat., No. 855.
Low wet shady woods eastward, but common in river bottoms in the
prairie region. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.)
At Green Lake, Lat. 56°; Red Deer, South Saskatchewan and Bow
River valleys, N.W.T. (dfacoun.)
(1050.) A. Novze-Anglize, Linn.
Rocky banks, thickets, fence corners, old fields and by roadsides.
St. Helen’s Island, Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common in Ontario.
westward to the Georgian Bay.
(1051.) A. amplus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IL, 10.
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) We know nothing of this species.
(1052.) A. mutatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 142.
A. Unalaschkensis, }3. (?) major, Hook. FI. II, 7.
Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
(1053.) A. peregrinus, Pursh.
North-west coast; and Ounalashka. (Pursh.) Norfolk Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1054.) A. foliaceus, Lindl.
Ounalashka. (Fischer.) Specimens which we refer here were
collected last August at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (fletcher.) Little
Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 227
(1055.) A. Sayii, Gray.
A. modestus, Lindl. Wook. Fl. II., 8. Macoun’s Cat., No. 851.
Woods at the mouth of Smoky River, Lat. 56°. (Drwnmond.) Along
the North Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and Edmonton. (Macoun.)
(1056.) A. —— ?
This is No. 518 of Suksdorf. Vicinity-of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
( Fletcher.) :
(1057.) A. elegans, Torr. & Gray (?).
Most likely a form of the next. Ladner’s Landing, B.C., and near
Victoria. (Fletcher.)
(1058.) A. Engelmanni, Gray.
Cascade mountains, Lat. 49° (Lyall.) On the upper slopes of the
South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
(1059.) A. alpinus, Linn.
On the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54° ( Drummond.)
Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Ouna-
lashka, 2,000 feet above the sea. (Rothr. Alask.) Between the Copper-
mine River and Cape Turn-again, Arctic Coast. (Dease.)
(1060.) A. pygmeeus, Lindl.
Arctic Sea-coast. (Richardson.)
(1061.) A. acuminatus, Michx.
In deep, rich, cool or rocky, woods, common eastward. Anticosti.
(Verrill.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Halifux,N.S. (Sommers.) In cool
rich woods, common, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Common throughout
Quebec, and westward in eastern Ontario. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Ottawa, local, but abundant where it occurs. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods
and thickets west of the Junction, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)
(1062.) A. nemoralis, Ait.
A. uniflorus, Michx. Fl. IT., 110.
A. ledifolius, Pursh. Fl. II., 544.
Galetella nemoralis, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 15.
In sphagnous bogs and about mountain lakes. Newfoundland, at
Harbor Grace. (McGill Coll. Herb.) North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Near St. John, N.B. (Fowler’s
Cat.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Common at Riviere du Loup, Q.
228 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Thomas.) In profusion on gneiss rocks on the shores of Trembling
Lake, Q. (D’Urban.) Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.) Thickets
ona sandy beach, Lake Joseph and other localities, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.)
(1063.) A. ptarmicoides, Torr. & Gray.
Diplopappus albus, Hook. Fl. IL, 21.
Heleastrum album, DC. Prod. V., 264.
Dry soil or rocky banks, scarce eastward, Dry fields near Belleville ;
also, west bank of the Trent above Trenton, Ont. Shore of Red Bay,
Lake Huron. North-east shore of Lake Superior, both above and
below Michipicotin, and on exposed points, Lake Nipigon. Along the
Assiniboine, near Brandon and on the Red Deer River, at the head of
Lake Winnipegoosis. (Jacoun.) Wood End, Souris River, Lat. 49°.
(Burgess.) Hurricane Hills, N.W.T. (J M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.)
On the banks of the Saskatchewan, but rare. (Richardson.) Along
the Red River, Man. (Douglas.) Stoney Mountain, Man. (fletcher.)
(1064.) A. lutescens, Torr. & Gray.
Diplopappus albus, var. lutescens, Hook. FI. II., 21.
D. lutescens, DC. Prodr. V., 278.
On dry elevated ground of the Assiniboine River, Man. (Douglas.)
West of the Touchwood Hills, 1872, not detected since. (Macoun.)
This form differs from the preceding in its simple corymb, rough hairy
stem, leaves lanceolate and scabrous hairy.
(1065.) A. angustus, Torr. & Gray.
Tripolium angustun, Hook. Fl. IT., 15.
Saskatchewan and towards the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Slave Lake. (Richardson.) Salt marsh borders at Old Wives Lakes,
and westward to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to Lake Atha-
basca. (Macoun.)
(1066.) A. pauciflorus, Nutt.
Tripolium subulatum, Nees. Hook. Fl. IT., 15.
Margin of saline lakes and in salt marshes. Marshes of the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.) Very abundant in salt marshes along Lake
Winnipegoosis, and up the Red Deer River, Lat. 53°; also, in all salt
marshes in the prairie region, and north of the North Saskatchewan,
above Fort Pitt. (Macoun.) Wood Mountain, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 229
(1067.) A. linifolius, Linn.
A specimen of an aster gathered in a marsh with numerous brackish
marsh species is placed under this name until better specimens are
procured. Shore of Lake Huron, Bruce peninsula, Ont. 1871,
(Macoun.)
1068.) A. linariifolius, Linn.
Diplopappus linariifolius, Hook. Fl. II.,21. Macoun’s Cat., No. 896.
Aster rigidus, Linn. Pursh. FI. IL, 544.
Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Nepisiquit River, N.B. Rather rare.
(Fowler's Cat.) Three Rivers, Q. (Maclagan.)
(1069.) A. umbellatus, Mill.
Diplopappus umbellatus, Hook. Fl. I1., 22. Macoun’s Cat., No. 895.
D. amygdatinus, Hook. Fl. IT., 23.
Common in damp thickets or wet meadows along streams, from New-
foundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to
the Saskatchewan.
Var. pubens, Gray.
This form is common in the valleys of the Magpie and Kaministi-
quia rivers, Lake Superior and westward to the Saskatchewan.
(Macoun.)
Note.
Collectors are earnestly requested to obtain all forms of asters at the
proper season and, in all cases, to take the root-leaves, so that in the
course of a few years we may be enabled to revise what we have just
written, and be able to place before students a complete monograph of
Canadian asters. We are well aware of the imperfections of the above
enumerations, but with the material at hand it is the best we can do.
Dr. Gray is now revising the genus and a large part of the changes
made in the synonymy are due to his advice and writings. The willow-
leaved asters are in great confusion and it is more than probable that
they will all be reduced to a few polymorphous species including many
of our present species as varieties.
276. ERICERON, Linn.
(1070.) E. hyssopifolius, Michx. Fl. ID, 123.
Aster graminifolius, Pursh. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 156. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 842.
Galatella graminifolia, Hook. ¥1. IL, 15.
Damp, rocky, river banks and moist crevices of cliffs. Mouth of
230 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
the Aroostook, Tattagouche Falls. Rare, N.B. (fFowler’s Cat.)
Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Wetmore.) Very common in all the river
valleys of Anticosti, and frequent in the river valleys of the Gaspé
peninsula ; abundant at Otter Head and Current River, Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Hudson Bay near York factory, and at the mouth of the
Churchill River. (#. Bell.)
(1071.) E. filifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 177.
Diplopappus filifolius, Hook. Fl. IL, 21.
Chrysopsis canescens, DC. Prodr. V,, 328.
On the slope of Jackass Mountain and at Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Common at many points
on the Thompson River, between Lytton and Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Fletcher & Hill.) :
(1072.) E. radicatus, Hook. Fi. II., 17.
On the top of dry gravel ridges west of Moose Mountain Creek ;
also, on gravel ridges at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.,
and on ridges within the hills, (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains near
Jasper’s Lake, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
(1073.) E. peucephyllus, Gray.
Chrysopsis hirtella, DC. Prodr. V., 327 (?)
Cypress Hills, N.W.T., 1880. Spence’s Bridge, B.C., 1875. (Macoun.)
The rays of this species are different from other Erigerons by being
almost yellow when fresh and quite so when dry.
(1074.) E. compositus, Pursh.
On dry or wet rocky slopes or ridges generally alpine. Moose
Mountain Creek, on sand hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coil.)
Red Deer Lakes, west of the South Saskatchewan ; Bow River Pass,
Rocky Mountains, and on ridges in the Cypress Ilills. (dMacouwn.)
Rocky Mountains in numerous places from the £:/th parallel to the Bow
River Pass. (Dawson.) Ou the highest of the Rocky{Mountains in Lat.
54°. (Drummond.) Barren country between 64° and the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) On the top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
Iltasyonco River, B.C. (Dawson.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Fl.)
Var. discoideus, Gray.
Near Lytton on the Fraser and close to Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.)
Black Cafion of the Thompson River, B.C. (Hill) Lytton and
Nicoamin on the Thompson, B.C. (/letcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 231
Var. trifidus, Gray.
E. trifidus, Hook. Fl._II., 17.
Barren places among the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drum-
mond.)
Var. glabratus, Macoun.
On the Rocky Mountains of the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel.
Perfectly smooth. A specimen approaching this but slightly hairy
was gathered at Iltasyonco Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1075.) E. corymbosus, Nutt.
Collected by Lyall near the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(Gray.)
(1076.) E. czespitosus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fi. II., 179.
FE. canescens, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 179.
Diplopappus grandiflorus, Hook. Fl. II., 21.
Diplopappus canescens, Hook. FI. II., 21.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Frequent on dry gravelly knolls from Fort Ellice to the
Rocky Mountains. (JJacoun.) Souris River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1077.) E. pumilus, Nutt.
E. hirsutus, Pursh Fl. IT., 742.
On dry open plains, apparently rare. Souris Plain, five miles, south
of Moose Mountain, on hills of pure sand, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun
C. P. R. Coll.) Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel; also, between
Fort McLeod and the Rocky Mountains on Old Man River. (Dawson.)
On the dry plain near the Hand Hills. (dMacoun.)
(1078.) E. concinnus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT., 174.
E. strigosus, var. hispidissimus, Hook. FI. IT., 18, chiefly.
Kit-amum River, Kootanie Valley, and on dry gravelly banks,
Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1079.) E. uniflorus, Linn.
E. alpinus, Purgh. Fl, II., 532. ,
Labrador. (Kohimeister.) Top of the Rocky Mountains, South Koo-
tanie Pass. (Dawson.) Alpine Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.) Arctic
shores and islands from Behring’s Straits and Ounalashka to Greenland.
(Torr. & Gray.) On both sides of Baftin’s Bay and Davis’ Straits,
232 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Kane.) Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again. (Dease.)
Sinclair’s Falls, Back’s Great Fish River. (Dr. Rae.)
(1080.) E. grandiflorus, Hook. Fl. II, 18. .
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°.. (Drummond.) Eas-
tern summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
(1081.) E. lanatus, Hook.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.)
(1082.) E. speciosus, DC. “
E. glabellus, var. mucronatus, Hook. Fl. IT., 19.
Fraser River Crossing of the C.P.R., B.C. (Fletcher.) On the
Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1083.) E. macranthus, Nutt.
Along Belly River and westward tothe Rocky Mountains ; Kootanie
Valley, near Wild Horse Creek ; Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(1084.) E. glabellus, Nutt.
Quite common on the prairie from Winnipeg to the Rocky Moun-
tains. What we take as the typical form is mostly glabrous below
with ciliate leaves which are almost smooth. (Macoun.) From the
Saskatchewan to Lat. 64°, throughout the wooded country. (Aichard-
son.) Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain. (J... Mucoun C. P. R.
Coll.) Abundant across the whole prairie region to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and assuming many varietal forms; a large form at Garrett’s
Ranche, Old Man River. (Dawson.) Wainwright Inlet to the Mac-
kenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. asperus, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 173.
E. asperuan, DC. Prodr. V. 286.
E. pulchellus, A. Hook. Fl. IL, 19.
Stem and leaves rough with a strigose-hirsute pubescence. Common
on the prairie and in thickets, from Long. 100° to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and northward to Peace River, Lat. 56°. (Afacoun.) Woody
country, from the Saskatchewan to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Fort
Youcon, Alaska. (othr. Alask.)
Var. pubescens, [ook. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 174.
Souris Plain, one mile south of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (7 aL
Macoun C. P. R. Coll.) Occasionally met with on the prairie west of
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 233
Fort Ellice. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Lake, North Fork of Old Man
River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.)
Var. mollis, Gray.
Along Belly River in the Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains ; also,
at Michell Creek, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) This form might
be attached to the preceding species, but it has a hairy involucre, and
its stem is leafy up to the flower or flowers and the leaves are sessile,
broad at the base, and tapering to the point, ciliate on the margins and
the midrib covered below with long hairs.
(1085.) E. salsuginosus, Gray.
Aster salsuginosus, Rich. Hook. FI. IT., 6. Macoun’s Cat., No. 841.
A. Unalaschensis, Nees. Wook. FI. II. 7.
Salt plains of the Athabasca (?) (Richardson.) Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Alpine Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Rocky Moun-
tains, 6,000 feet altitude on the 49th parallel; Michell Creek, Crow
Nest Pass ; western summit of the North Kootanie Pass; summit of '
_ the North Kootanie Pass; summit of the South Kootanie Pass; Skagit
River, Il-ga-chug Mountains, Tsi-tse Lake, Upper Blackwater River,
B.C (Dawson.)
Var. Unalaschkensis, Less.
Queen Charlotte Islands, 1878. (Dawson.) Two forms were gathered.
One with narrow leaves and a very leafy hairy stem, the hairs not at
all appressed; the other with a less hairy stem fewer and larger
leaves, which are slightly denticulate and more pomted. In both, the
involucral bracts are quite hairy, and in the latter very much attenuated
and variously curved at the tips. These forms are doubtless distinct,
but we need more specimens to determine.
(1086.) E. bellidifolius, Muhl.
E. pulchellus, Michx. Fl. IT., 124.
Dry, sandy fields and pine woods. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Common at Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Lhomas.)
(Very doubtful.) Dry, sandy woods common at Belleville and west-
ward in the Lake Ontario counties. (Macoun.) Prince’s Island, near
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara Falls and ‘westward. (Maclagan.)
Not uncommon at London, Ont. (Burgess. )
(1087.) E. Philadelphicus, L. Torr. & Gray Fl. IT, 171.
E. purpureus, Hook. Fl. IT., 19.
Low grassy places along streams and in the valleys of all the large
234 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
rivers, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic
circle.
(1088.) E. Bellidiastrum, Nutt. (?)
Stream banks and meadows. Kit-a-mum River, Kootanie Valley,
Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1089.) E. annuus, Pers. Torr. & Gray FI. II., 175.
E. heterophyllum, Muhl. Pursh. Fi. IT., 534.
Fields and waste places apparently common at least in Ontario.
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Truro, Pictou and Gut of Canso, N.S. (Macoun.)
Rather common about Hampton and Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.)
Common at Riviére-du-Loup. (Zhomas.) Common in western Quebec.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Very common throughout Ontario.
(1090.) E. strigosus, Muhl. Torr. & Gray Fl. IT, 176.
E. nervosum, Pursh. Fl. I., 534.
Dry fields and open woods quite common, from Nova Scotia to the
western part of Lake Superior, in the valley of the Kaministiquia
River. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods and Turtle Monntain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.)
(1091.) E. alpinus, Linn.
Rocky Mountains at elevated situations, Lat. 54-56° (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass ; eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass; west-
ern summit of North Kootanie Pass—alow branching form. (Dawson.)
Wolf’s Rapids, Back’s Great Fish River. (Dr. Rae.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Fl.)
Var. y. elata, Hook. Fl. IT., 18.
Rocky Mountains in elevated situations, Lat. 54-56° (Drummond.)
Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) Ilgacho Brook, B.C. (Dawson.) At
Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°, 55°, Long. 118-48. (Dease.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1092.) E. acris, Linn.
Labrador. (Torr. & Gray.) Grand Falls, St. John River, N.B.
(Hay.) On shingle at the mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti; along
the Gaspé coast at and above Cape Rosier; north shore of Lake Supe-
rior; Hand Hills, N.W.T. (dMacoun.) Hurricane Hills, south of
Indian Head, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun CP. R. Coil.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 235
Var. Droebachensis, Blytt.
E. glabratus, Hook. FI. IT., 18, partly.
E. Kamischaticus, DC. Prodr. V., 290.
Anticosti and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains. (G@ray.) Along
the Gaspé coast above Mont Louis ; Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior,
and on hillsides along the Magpie River, north of the lake ; abundant
on islands in Lake Nipigon, and at Humboldt Bay on same lake.
(Macoun.) Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and from the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (A. Bell.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1093.) E. armerizefolius, Turz.
E. lonchophyllus, Hook. Fl. II., 18. Macoun’s Cat., No. 890.
E. glabratus, var. minor, Hook. FI. II., 18, partly.
Rocky Mountains and Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) North of the
Saskatchewan near Edmonton. (Macoun.)
(1094.) E. Canadense, Linn. Fire-weed.
Fields and waste places from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Spreading
where not indigenous by means of the railways. This is the “ Fire
weed” of the Ontario farmers, which is injurious to badly winter
killed “ fall wheat.”
277. ANTENNARIA, Czertn. EVERLASTING.
(1095.) A. dimorpha, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 481.
On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C. (Macoun.) Common at Spence’s
Bridge, on the Thompson River, B.C. (F'leteher.)
(1096.) A. racemosa, Hook. FI. I., 330.
Rocky, mountain slopes. Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) astern and western
summits of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Summit of Stuart
Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) Elgatcho Lake and Dean or Salmon
River, near Salmon House, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1097.) A. plantaginifolia, Hook.
Gnaphalium plantagineum, Willd. Pursh. Fl. TI., 525.
Wet and sterile knolls and fields and open woods, from Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and westward to the Pacific. Eastward
two forms of this species are found—one in old pastures which is prob-
236 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
ably introduced ; the other a taller form that is certainly indigenous.
Slave Lake. (Back.)
(1098.) A. dioica, Gzertn.
From Newfoundland to Labrador and the extreme Arctic regions,
and dry mountain pastures of the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker.)
Islands adjacent to the Alaskan coast. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.) On the western prairie region and in British Colum-
bia a form which, in some respects, approaches A. alpina is very com-
mon. It seems to be the A. dioica of Eaton in King’s Report of the
40th parallel, but is not the A. dioica of the English botanists. It is prob-
ably the prairie form of A. alpina, which indeed a late communication
from Dr. Gray would indicate. Our plant may be the var. parvifolia,
Torr. & Gray, which is not referred to by late writers.
Var. rosea, Eaton. Bot. King Exp., 186.
Rather rare east of the Rocky Mountains, but common in British
Columbia. Near Short Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel. Michell
Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains; Dean or Salmon River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Frequent from Lytton to near Stuart Lake, B.C.
(Macoun.) '
(1099.) A. alpina, Gertn.
Labrador. (Kohimeister.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Douglas.)
Throughout the barren regions to the elevated Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) North of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T., and on the Rocky
Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains; Cache Creek and Stuart Lake mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Kotzebue Sound, island of St. Lawrence, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis Straits. Mellville islands.
(Capt. Markham.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.) lake Lindeman, source of the Youcan River,
Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
(1100.) A. Carpathica, R. Br.
Wet, boggy places and river margins. Labrador. (Gray.) River
de Brig and Gunn River, Anticosti. (J/acoun.) York Factory, Hudson
Bay. (&. Bell.) Summits of the most elevated Rocky Mountains,
about Lat. 54°. (Drummond.) Crow Nest Pass, east of the lake;
western summit of North Kootanie Pass; summit of the Cascade
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Cache Creek Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 237
Var. pulcherrima, Hook.
Swamps of the plains, and among the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) In numerous swamps in the prairie region, west of the Touch-
wood Hills, and quite common west of the Meridian of Battleford.
(Macoun.) North of the Cypress Hills and in the Foot Hills of the
Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Calgary,
N.W.T. (J. AL Macoun C. P. BR. Coll.)
(1101.) A. luzuloides, Torr. & Gray FI. IL., 430.
Oregon or Rocky Mountains. (Drummond or Douglas.) Borders of
British Columbia. (Gray.) Mountain above Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) The specimens obtained were quite young, heads very small
and the pappus short and spatulate. Better specimens are needed.
278. ANAPHALIS, DC. (PEARLY EVERLASTING.)
(1102.) A. margaritacea, Benth & Hook.
Antennaria margaritacea, Hook. Fl. IL, 329. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1030.
Gnaphalium margaritacum, Willd. Pursh. Fl. IL, 524.
Common on dry soil along the margins of fields and borders of
woods from Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
and westward to the Pacific. Sitka and Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (dMeehan.)
279. CNAPHALIUM, Linn. (CUDWEED.)
(1103.) G. decurrens, Ives. Everlasting.
G. luteo-album (?) Holmes. Herb. MeGill College.
Old fields and borders of woods. Windsor, N 8. (How.) Green-
head, St. John Co.; and abundant along Grand Lake and Salmon River,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec and Ontario and westward
to Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior, also the country north of that
lake and west side of Lake Nipigon. (dMacoun.) British Columbia.
(Gray.)
(1104.) G. Sprengelii, Hook. & Arn,
G. luteo-album, Hook. Fl. I., 328. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1021.
G. decurrens, var. 6. Hook. FI. I., 328.
Along rivers on gravel and shingle. Straits of De Fuca.” CScouler.)
Along the Fraser near Yale above the Falls of the Spuzzum, and
around Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
238 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1105.) G. sylvaticum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I, 328.
Abundant at. Campbellton, Restigouche ; also found in woods at
River Charlo, N.B. Apparently native. (J owler’s Cat.) Quite com-
mon along the clay banks above high water about one mile below
Campbellton, N.B. Certainly indigenous. On the margin of the sea,
North Sidney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)
(1106.) G. Norvegicum, Gunner.
Labrador. (Torr. Gray.) Canada. (Pursh.) On the top of Mount
Albert, in a little gully facing north, the snow in which lies nearly
all summer, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (J/aroun.) Russian
America. (Gmelin.) On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis Straits,
Upernavick, Lat. 73°. (Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)
(1107.) G. palustre, Nutt.
Common on dry soil (where water seemed to lie in the spring) east
of the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Dawson.) Very common at Victoria, and up the Fraser and
Thompson rivers. (letcher.)
(1108.) G. uliginosum, Linn.
Common along roadsides and in. damp places in pastures from New-
foundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to
Owen Sound; also, along the Saskatchewan and its branches. (JMacoun.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1109.) G. polycephalum, Michx.
Old fields and open places in woods, not rare, often confounded with
G. decurrens which frequently grows with it. Northport, N.S. (Mce-
Gill Coll. Herb.) In old fields at Annapolis and Kingston on the An-
napolis and Windsor Railway, N.S. (Macoun.) Specimens in Frede-
ricton University marked abundant, but without locality. (Fowler's
Cat.) Common in old fields throughout Quebee and Ontario, to the
Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
(1110.) G. supinum, Vill. Hook. Fl. 1, 329.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1111.) G. purpureum, Linn.
G. Americanum, Pursh FI. IT., 525.
G. Chamissonis, DC. Prodr. VI, 233.
Common in grassy places along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 239
280. INULA, Linn. (ELECAMPANE.)
(1112.) 1. Helenium, Linn. Common Elecampane.
Introduced. Frequent in old pastures along stveams or by roadsides,
or in the grassy borders of woods. Common in Nova Scotia. Rare in
New Brunswick, but frequent in Quebec, and common in Ontario.
281. ADENOCAULON, Hook. (ADENOCAULON.)
(1113.) A. bicolor, Hook.
Near the outlet of Lake Superior [possibly on the north side.] (Dr.
Pitcher.) Woods on the Portage River, one of the sources of the
Columbia, in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52° (Drummond.) Small
prairie in cedar bush on Wigwam River, Rocky Mountains ; on the
Cascade Mountains, east of Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
282. POLYMNIA, Linn. (LEAF-CUP.)
(1114.) P. Canadensis, Linn.
Hillsides in shady, rich soil along streams. On the mountain side
near Hamilton. (Logie.) Louse rocks along the road leading down
to the river below the Clifton House, and abundant amongst rocks,
Foster’s Flats below the Whirlpool, Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) At
the Whirlpool below Niagara Falls. (JMaclagan.) Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
283. SILPHIUM, Linn. (ROSIN-PLANT.)
(1115.) S. terebinthinaceum, Linn. Prairie-Dock.
Open woods and grassy banks. Cayuga and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Along the Great Western Railway, east of Paris, Ont. (Geo. Prescott.)
(1116.) S. perfoliatum, Linn. Cup-Plant.
Rich soil along streams. Island in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
240 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
284. IVA, Linn. (MARSH ELDER.)
(1117.) Ll. axillaris, Pursh. Hook. FI. I., 309.
On dry or wet saline soil. Along the Saskatchewan from Carlton to
Edmonton. (Drummond.) Very common on the margin of saline
lakes aud ponds throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Short
Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel, and abundant westward on hard
baked clay. (Dawson.)
(1118.) I. xanthiifolia, Nutt.
Cyclachena xanthiifolia, Fres. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 286.
In alluvial soil along rivers and small streams. Reed Lake, west of
Old Wives’ Lakes ; at Setter’s Farm, Cypress Hills ; and on the slope
of the high bank between Fort Edmonton and the river. (Aacoun.)
Swift Current Creek, C. P. R. Crossing ; and at Fort Qu’Appelle close
to the Hudson Bay Co.’s store. (J. dL Macoun C. P. R. Coll.)
285. Ambrosia, Tourn. (RAG-WEED.)
(1119.) A. trifida, Linn.
Low grounds along streams. Common in the vicinity of Montreal.
(Holmes & Ami.) In a boggy field near St. Louis Dam, Ottawa.
(Macoun &: Fletcher.) Cayuga and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Along
the northern slope of the Cypress Hills. (dMacoun.) Vicinity of
Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)
Var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 290.
A. integrifolia, Mubl. Pursh. FI. IT., 580.
On alluvial soil in river valleys. On alluvium along Maple Creek,
Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Near Millk River, on low fertile prairie
land, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1120.) A. artemisizefolia, Linn.
A, elatior, Linn. Hook. FL. L, 309.
A. paniculata, Michx. Hook. FI. L, 309, in part.
Very common as a weed along railroads, and in towns and villages,
throughout Canada to the Rocky Mountains. ‘
(1121.) A. psilostachya, DC.
A. coronopifolia, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 291.
Lake of the Woods, and westward along the 49th parallel over the
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 241
first and second Prairie Steppes. (Dawson.) West of the Elbow of
the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Swift Current at the C. P. R.
crossing. (J. J2 Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
286. FRANSERIA, Cav.
(1122.) F. Hookeriana, Nutt.
Ambrosia acanthicarpa, Hook. Fl. I., 309.
Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red River. (Douglas.) Abundant
at Crooked Lake and “Big Stick” Lake, north of Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.)
(1123.) F. bipinnatifida, Nutt.
Ambrosia paniculata, Hook. FI. I., 309, in part.
Sea shore, Nootka Sound. (Scouler.) Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Vancouver Island. (Cowley.)
(1124.) F. Chamissonis, Less.
Seashore along the southern part of British Columbia. (Gray.)
287. XANTHIUM, Tourn. (COCKLEBUR.)
(1125.) X. Canadense, Mill.
X. strumarium, Linn, var. Canadense, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 294.
Common in river bottoms, in many places throughout the north-west.
(Macoun.) Moose Mountain Lake, N.W.T. (J. 1 Macoun, C. P. R.
Coll.) Lake of the Woods and along the Red River. (Dawson.)
Var. echinatum, Gray.
X. echinatum, Murray. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 294.
Waste places and on alluvium in river bottoms, Pictou, N.S. (Me Kay.)
Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.) Bridge over the river St. Pierre, Q. (Holmes.)
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Alluvial flats of the Ottawa
and at Billings’ Bridge. (Mletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.) Valley of the Salmon River at the railway bridge,
Shannonville, Ont. ; alsoin St. James’ Cemetery, Toronto. (Jfacoun.)
Roadsides, common near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippewa and
Malden, Ont. (l/aclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Abundant at Sarnia and many points along the Great Western Railway,
Ont. (Macoun.)
4
242 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1126.) X. spinosum, Linn.
Introducedin wool. Abundant at Dundas, Ont. (Burgess.) Strath-
roy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
288. HELIOPSIS, Pers. (OX-EYE.)
(1127.) H. lzevis, Pers.
Buphthalmum helianthoides, Linn. Michx. FI. IT., 180.
Dry open thickets and prairies. St. Catharines and Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Thickets, vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1128.) H. scabra, Dunal. Hook. FI. I., 310.
H. levis, var. scabra, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 303.
On the prairie between Oak Point and Winnipeg. (Macoun.)
Common on the banks of Red River near the “ Forks” (of the Red
and Assiniboine at Winnipog). (Douglas.) Turtle Mountain and
Red River prairie on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
289. RUDBECKIA, Linn. (CONE-FLOWER.)
(1129.) R. hirta, Linn.
R. fulgida, Ait. Dawson’s Boundary Report.
In old fields and meadows eastward apparently introduced ; very
abundant on some parts of the prairie region. This species is always
found in meadows in eastern Canada, but in Ontario it is found in both
fields and thickets, and more especially along the Grand Trunk and
Great Western railways, west of Toronto. It is oftencommon ou damp
places on the prairie as far west as Humboldt on the old telegraph line.
(1130.) R. laciniata, Linn Fl. I., 311.
In swamps and low damp thickets. Cross-road Cété des Neiges, also
River St. Pierre, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Beauharnois, Q. (MeGill
Coll. Herb.) Wet ground near Blue Church, and in thickets west of
Brockville, rare. (Billings.) Along the Nation River at Casselman’s
on the Canada Atlantic Railway, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher)
In a small cedar swamp, near Heely Falls, on the Trent, Northum-
berland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Roseau River and Turtle Mountain on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Abundant along the Assiniboine River between Winnipeg and Portage
la Prairie. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 243
(1131.) R. cotumnaris, Pursh. Fl. 10.575. Hook. Fl. L, 311.
Lepachys columnaris, Torr. & Gray FI. II., 315. Macoun’s Cat. No. 974
and 975.
Very abundant on arid soil especially west of the 102nd meridian,
N.W.T. (Macoun.) On dry undulating grounds of the Saskatchewan
and Red rivers. (Douglas.) Frequent along the 49th parallel, and
westward to the Foot Hills. (Dawson.)
Var. pulcherrima, Don.
Lepachys columnaris, var. pulcherrima, Torr. & Gray Fl, IL, 315.
Along the shores of Long Lake, west of Last Mountain, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)
290. ECHINACEA, Moench. (PURPLE CONE-FLOWER.)
(1132.) E. angustifolia, DC.
E. purpurea, Dawson’s Boundary Report.
Wood End, on the Souris River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
291. BALSAMORHIZA, Hook.
(1133.) B. sagittata, Nutt.
Buphthalmum sagittatum, Pursh. Fl. IL, 564.
Dry, rocky or gravelly soil. Crow Nest Pass, east of the lake,
Rocky Mountains, abundant on dry slopes of the hills. (Dawson.)
Very common on dry grassy slopes on both sides of the Thompson at
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
(1134.) B. deltoidea, Nutt.
On Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Drew’s
Harbor, Valdez Island, B.C. (Dawson.)
292. HELIANTHUS, Linn. (SUN-FLOWER.)
(1135.) H. annuus, Linn. Garden Sun-flower.
H. lenticwaris, Doug]. Hook. FI. I., 313.
HT. multiflorus, Hook. FI. I., 318, in part.
Frequent on waste heaps and in old gardens and around fences in
many parts of the Dominion. (The cultivated form.) The following
244 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
refer to the indigenous form, On arid soil. Saskatchewan. (Drum-
mond.) Bank of Moose Jaw Creek, on arid clay. (Macoun.) White
Mud River or Frenchman's Creek. 49th parallel. (Dawson.) | Abun-
dant in the dry interior of British Columbia, along the Thompson
River. (Fletcher & Hill.)
(1186.) H. petiolaris, Nutt.
On arid soil along streams in the south-western part of the prairie
region, from the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan westward.
(Macoun.) Along Belly River. Sandy bank, Wood End on Souris River,
49th parallel. (Daicson.)
(1137.) H. rigidus, Desf. Var. 6. Torr. & Gray.
HT. atrorubens, Hook. FI. L., 312.
Plains and grassy prairies. Banks of the Saskatchewan as far as
Edmonton. (Drummond.) From the Red River to the Rocky Moun-
tains, on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Very common throughout the
whole prairie region. (Macoun.)
(1138.) H. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray Fl. 11, 324.
Ondry open prairie, often confounded with small forms of the next.
South of Battleford and near the Hand Hills. Also, west of Hum
boldt Telegraph Station. (Macoun.) Bow River valley at Calgarry,
(J. a. Macoun, C. PR, Coll.) Turtle Mountain, 49th Parallel. (Daw-
son.) Interior of British Columbia, (Gray. )
(1139.) H. giganteus, Linn.
Grassy thickets and borders of marshes. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Cayuga and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Common at London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Coldstream, Port Colborne, Ont. (MeGill. Coll.
Herb.) Marshy meadow at Point Edward near Sarnia, also in numer.
ous places along the Great Western Railway, between Sarnia and
Hamilton. Very abundant on the prairie region from the Lake of the
Woods to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to the forest line.
(Macoun.)
(1140.) H. strumosus, Linn.
Dry, gravelly soil quite common in Hastings and Northumberland
counties, Ont. Macon.) Fields around Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Strathroy, Ont. (McGill. Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) A variety of this species was collected somewhere in the
North-West by Bourgeau. See Palliser’s Report, page 258. Possibly
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 245
the same form was collected on the 49th parallel at Turtle Mountain
by Dr. G. M. Dawson.
(1141.) H. decapetalus, Linn.
HM. frondosus, Hook. FI. I., 312.
H. tracheliifolius, Holmes Herb. McGill College.
On the borders of woods and thickets. Abundant on Montreal
Mountain ; Cowansville, Q. Beauharnois Co., Q. Knowlton, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.) In the vicinity of Prescott
quite common. (Billings.) Valley of the Trent above Trenton ; at
Consecon, Prince Edward Co., and abundant in St. James’ Cemetery,
Toronto. (Macoun.) Niagara District. (Maclagan.) Common
around London, Ont. (Burgess.) Mouth of Mississaugi River, Geor-
gian Bay. (R. Bell.)
(1142.) H. divaricatus, Linn.
On dry, vravelly soil along rivers and in thickets. Chelsea near
Ottawa, and common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Dry woods and thickets in Hastings Co. and west-
ward throughout Ontario, (Macoun.) Norway House, outlet of Lake
Winnipeg. (Richardson.)
(1143.) H. parviflorus, Bernh.
H. microcephalus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 329.
Hi. divaricatus, Michx. FI. II., 141.
Thickets in alluvial soil in western Ontario. (Goldie vide Torr. &
Gray Fl. IL, 330.)
(1144.) H. Maximiliani, Schrader.
On the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) We are not acquainted with
this species but very likely confound it with HA. giganteus, which is
very near it.
(1145.) H. tuberosus, Linn.
Naturalized in a few places near gardens. An escape in Halifax Co.,
N.S. (Lawson.) Spontaneous about garden fences, N.B. (owler’s
Cat.) Naturalized in a few localities in central Ontario. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London. (Burgess.) Beaver Meadows, near Thorold, Ont.
(Maclagan.)
(1146.) H. pumilus, Nutt.
Specimens which are doubtfully referred to this species were collected
at the Blackfoot Crossing on Bow River. (Macoun.) Calgarry in the
valley of the Bow River. (J. Mf Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
246 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OANADA,
(1147.) H. doronicoides, Lam. Torr. & Gray Fi. II., 327, in part.
In the valley of the Kaministiquia, west of Lake Superior, a species
of Helianthus, which produces large tubers, was observed in profusion
near Point Meuron in July, 1869. Not having seen perfect specimens
we are still uncertain what species it is but refer it here for the present.
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
293. ACTINOMERIS, Nutt. (ACTINOMERIS.)
(1148.) A. squarrosa, Nutt.
A. alternifolia, DC. Prodr. V.,575.
Verbisina Coreopsis, Michx. FI. II., 134.
Islands in the Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
294. COREOPSIS, Linn. (TICKSEED.)
(1149.) C. discoidea, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 339.
Vicinity of Pictou, N.S. [?] (M@MceKay.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Very likely both references belong to a form of Bidens frondosa.
(1150.) C. trichosperma, Michx.
Islands in Detroit River. (Maclayan.) Very likely the species
meant is C. aristosa, Michx., which might be found as above.
(1151.) C. tripterus, Linn. Tall Coreopsis.
Dry soil near streams. Malden, Ont., and islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.)
(1152.) C. verticillata, Linn.
Moist places and margins of swamps, western Canada. (Gray.)
(1153.) C. lanceloata, Linn.
North shore of Lake Superior. (Dr. Pitcher.) Lake Huron. (Dr.
Todd.) In rich or damp soil, western Canada. (Gray.)
(1154.) C. tinctoria, Nutt.
Damp places in creeks and coulées, prairie region. South of Battle-
ford and at the Hand Hills ; also, in dry coulées east of the Cypress
Hills. (Macoun.) South of Wood Mountain, and west fork of Milk
River, not abundant, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 247
295. BIDENS, Linn. (BUR-MARIGOLD.)
(1155.) B. frondosa, Linn. Common Beggar-ticks.
B. pilosa, Wiild. Holmes Herb. McGill College.
Common in ditches and on moist, fertile soil, from Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick to the Saskatchewan. (ichardson.)
(1156.) B. connata, Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks.
Swampy grounds and margins of rivers and ponds, from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Saskatche-
wan, at Cumberland House. (Richardson.)
(1157.) B. cernua, Linn. Smaller Bur-marigold.
Swamps and ditches, from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick through-
out Quebec and Ontario westward to the Saskatchewan and northward
to Hudson Bay. (Richardson.) Very abundant in marshes on the
upper part of Swan River and westward in the valleys of rivers to the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. elata, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 352.
B. chrysanthemoides, Hook. FI. L., 314.
Straits of De Fuca, on the North-West coast. (Scouler.)
(1158.) B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. Greater Bur-marigold.
Swamps and margins of shallow pools and in ditches. This species
is credited with the same range as the last in all the eastern part of
Canada, but is not recorded west of the Lake of the Woods. My im-
pression is that this is a more southern species than B. cernua, and
that the variety with four awns on the achenia should be placed with
B. cernua. All our western forms seem to be B. cernua. and it is prob-
able that our northern ones also are that species.
(1159.) B. Beckii, Torr.
To still water in rivers and lakes. In the St. Lawrence near Point
St. Charles, at Montreal. (Holmes.) Beauharnois Co.,(). (ddeGill
Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Railway Bay
near Prescott, also Doxey’s Bay, Rideau River, four miles from Ottawa,
abundant. (Billings.) River Trent above Heely Falls; Bay of Quinte,
above Flint’s Mill, Belleville; also, Sydenham River above the
falls, near Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara River above the
falls. (David F. Day.) Chippewa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
248 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Lake of the Woods and Red River, Man. (Dawson.) Little Swan
River and lakelets along the Porcupine mountains, Man. (Macoun.)
296. MADIA, Molina. (TAR-WEED.)
(1160.) M. Nuttalli, Gray.
Anisocarpus madioides, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 403.
Woods from California to British Columbia. (G@ray.)
(1161.) M. glomerata, Hook. Fl. IT., 24.
Amida hirsuta, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 406. Macoun’s Cat. No. 994.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Swift Current Creek
on the line of the C. P. R. near the station, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun,
C. P. R. Coll.) Foot hills of the West Butte, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Var. gracilis, Macoun.
Amida gracilis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 405.
In the beds of dried up streams and bottoms of coulées. Swift
Current Creek on the line of the C.P.R. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R.
Coll.) Smalllake near Pincher Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson.) Along
the upper part of Pile of Bones Creek and at Red Deer lakes west of
the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)
(1162.) M. dissitiflora, Torr. & Gray.
On gravel or damp soil around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Dawson
a: Fletcher.)
(1163.) M. filipes, Gray.
On gravelly soil in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J
Richardson, Meehan & Fletcher.)
297. JAUMEA, Pers.
(1164.) J. carnosa, Gray.
Coinogyne carnosa, Less. ‘Torr. & Gray FI. IL., 410.
Shores of Puget Sound. (Gray.) Possibly at the southern point of
Vancouver Island.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 249
298. ERIOPHYLLUM, Lag.
(1165.) E. czespitosum, Doug].
Bahia lanata, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 375.
Actinella lanata, Pursh. FI. IT, 560.
Trichophyllum lanatum, Nutt. Hook. FI. I, 315.
On rocky slopes at Yale, B.C. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Meehan).
Var. leucophyllum, Gray.
Bahia leucophylla, DC. Torr. & Gray Tl. IL, 375.
On dry gravelly hill sides near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Fletcher.)
299. CHAENACTIS, DC.
(1166.) C. Douglasii, Hook. & Arn.
Hymenopappus Douglasii, Hook. FI. L, 316.
On dry ground along sloping banks. On the banks of Belly River ;
at Wood Mountain on the shore of a saline lake, 49th parallel ; also
on the Chilcoten River west of the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.) Nicola
Valley, B.C. ( Fletcher.)
300. HYMENOPAPPUS, L’Her. (HYMENOPAPPUS.)
(1167.) H. filifolius, Hook. Fl. I, 317.
HI. tenuifolius, Eaton in Bot. King Exp. 173.
On dry sandy or gravelly soil. White Mud River, or Frenchmen’s
Creek, dry bank, 49th parallel. (Dawwson.) Missouri Coteau in the
Dirt Hills. (Macoun.)
301. HELENIUM, Linn. (SNEEZE-WEED.)
(1168.) H. autumnale, Linn. Sneeze-weed.
On alluvium in the valleys of the rivers and borders of lakes. At
the Chats on the Ottawa. (Jlrs. Col. Chamberlain.) Boucherville Islands,
near Montreal. (Holmes.) Vicinity of Montreal and near Ottawa.
250 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Islands in Rice Lake and along the river Trent at
Crow Bay; also, Lake Isaac and Red Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Niagara Falls and along the
Detroit River. (Maclayan.) Near London, along the Thames.
(Burgess.) Not uncommon throughout the prairie region and extend-
ing westward to the Pacific. (dMacoun.) From Lake Huron to the
Arctic Circle and from Hudson Bay to the Pacific. Hooker.)
302. CAILLARDIA, Fourgeroux.
(1169.) C. aristata, Pursh.
G. bicolor, Lam. Hook. Fl. L, 315.
Common on dry soils from the eastern part of Manitoba to the Rocky
Mountains and in the dry interior of British Columbia. The variety
f. of Hooker has been collected in the Rocky Mountains by Dr. Dawson.
The form from the Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains has very large
flowers often over two inches across, the rays are yellow and nearly
all the leaves are entire. Another form has a very woolly involucre
and nearly all the leaves deeply pinnatified. The three forms are
limited as follows :
(1) Flowers large, rays deep yellow and with a long limb, leaves
nearly all entire.
(2) This form has also large flowers, but the rays have a tinge of
purple at the base and the outer bracts are long and taper pointed.
(3) In this the rays are quite short and involucre and upper part of
the peduncle quite woolly, nearly all the leaves are more or less
pinnatifid. This form has a purplish disk and is always of small size.
303. ACTINELLA, Pers.
(1170.) A. acaulis, Nutt.
Galardia acaulis, Pursh. Fl. IL, 748.
Dry gravelly soil, prairie region. West Butte, on a dry hill, 49th
parallel; Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge. (Dawson.) On the Missouri
Coteau, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
(1171.) A. Richardsonii, Nutt.
Picradenia Richardsonii, Hook. FI. I., 317.
Dry gravelly hillsides in the prairie region. About Carlton on
the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) On ridges west of Moose Moun-
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 251
tain, on the Dirt Hills, on ridges west of Long Lake, and the top of
the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Bottom of Verdigris Coulée, and at
Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge, Foot Hills of Rocky Mountains.
( Dawson.)
304. DYSODIA, Cav. (FETID MARIGOLD.)
(1172.) D. chrysanthemoides, Lag.
Rare. -A “railroad weed” at Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
305. ACHILLEA, Linn. (YARROW.)
(1173.) A. Millefolium, Linn.
A. borealis, Bongard. Veg. Sitch., 149.
Ptarmica borealis, DC. Prodr. VI., 21.
Common in meadows and pastures, along the borders of woods and
on grassy banks on mountains, and by streams from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea. Introduced form in
cultivated grounds. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Sitka. (othr.
Alask.) A variety with rose colored rays is found in old gardens
and often lives for a few years on waste heaps. London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Annapolis Valley, N.S., along roadsides. (dMacoun.)
Var. lanata, Koch.
A. tomentosa, Pursh. Fl. IT., 319.
Along the Pacific Coast. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dazson.)
1174.) A. multiflora, Hook.
A. Ptarmica, Richard. Frankl. Journ. Ed. IL, 33.
In river valleys. Woody country of sub-arctic America as far north
as Fort Franklin. (Richardson.) In all river valleys from Lake Mani-
toba to the Rocky Mountains and northward to Lake Athabasca.
(Macoun.) Qu’Appelle River at Police Barracks. (J. M. Macoun C.
P. R. Coll.)
(1175.) A. Ptarmica, Linn.
Ptarmica vulgaris, DC. Prodr. VI., 23.
Introduced. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
Roadside at Truro, N.S.; along the Intercolonial Railway, a little east
of Campbellton, N.B. (Macoun.) Looks like a native at River Charlo,
252 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Restigouche, and at Kouckibouguac, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Hooker.) Fields around Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.
(1176.) A. Sibirica.
Ounalashka and Eschscholtz Bay. (Rothr. Alask.)
306. ANTHEMIS, Linn. (CHAMOMILE.)
1177.) A. arvensis, Linn. Wild Chamomile.
Introduced. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Buctouche,N.B. (fowler’s
Cat.) Prof. Fowler says of this that it is without a strong scent. On
this account I believe it to be Matricaria inodora.
(1178.) A. tinctoria, Linn.
On Ballast heaps, St. John, N.B. (Aay.) In meadows, Insane
Asylum, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
307. MARUTA, Cass. (MAY-WEED.)
(1179.) M. Cotula, DC.
Anthemis Cotula, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 318.
Naturalized and abundant along roadsides and in the streets of cities,
towns, and villages, throughout all the settled parts of Canada.
308. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Linn. (OX-EYE DAISY.)
(1180.) C. Leucanthemum,, Linn.
Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1000.
Naturalized in old meadows and pastures and by roadsides through-
out the settled parts of Canada. An obnoxious weed in many sections
of the eastern provinces and Ontario.
(1181.) C. integrifolium, Richards.
Leucanthemum integrifolium, DC.
Shores of the Arctic Sea and on the Copper Mountains in Lat. 67°.
Probably on all the shores and islands. (Richardson.) Port Kennedy,
Arctic Sea. (Capt. Markham.) Between the Coppermine River and Cape
Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31’. (Dease.) Montreal Island,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 253
Arctic Sea. Mouth of Back’s Great Fish River. (Stewart.) Kotzebue
Sound, island of St. Lawrence, and from Point Barrow to the Mac-
kenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.)
(1182.) C. arcticum, Linn.
Leucanthemum arcticum, DC. Torr. & Gray FI. II., 412.
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) York Factory, Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.) Mouth of the Churchill River, Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.)
Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’,
Long. 115° 31’ west. (Dease.) Montreal Island, Arctic Sea. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Norton Sound to Washington Inlet. (othr. Alask.)
(1183.) C. segetum, Linn. Corn Marygold.
Ballast heaps, St. John, and Carleton, N.B. (Hay.)
(1184.) C. Parthenium, Pers. Common Fever-few.
Leucanthemum Parthenium, Godron.
A garden escape in a few localities. Gardens, scarcely wild, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Waste heaps at Belleville and at Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.) A weed in gardens at Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.)
(1185.) C. bipinnatum, Linn.
Pyrethrum bipinnatum, Willd. DC. Prodr. VI., 60.
Tanacetum Kotzebuense, Bess. Rothrock’s Alaska.
Cape Espenberg, Arctic America. (Eschscholtz.) Youcon Valley,
Alaska. (2. M Turner.)
(1186.) C. Balsamitae, Linn. Costmary.
Cultivated in gardens. An escape at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
On the roadside near Nelson, Ont. (dMillman.) Along roadsides at
Port Dover, Ont. ( Burgess.)
309. MATRICARIA, Linn. (WILD CHAMOMILE.)
(1187.) M. inodora, Linn.
Pyrethrum inodorum, Smith. Hook. FI. L, 320.
Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. Cornwalis, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (J. Richardson.) Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Along the Intercolonial at Truro and on_ ballast
heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) (All
the preceding refer to the introduced plant.) York Factory. (Drum-
mond.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.) Bear Lake, Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.) The indigenous
254 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
specimens are distinguished by dark brown (almost blacl) involucral
bracts and longer and wider rays. This is certainly not identical with
the European form. We agree with Torr. & Gray in thinking that the
northern form is perennial. It is not annual as thespecimens obtained
by Dr. Bell amply prove. Better specimens may show that it is
entirely distinct from the European plant.
Var. nana, Hook. Fl. I., 320.
Chrysanthemum grandiflorum, Hook. in Parry’s 2nd Voy., 398.
Shores and islands of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Near the
mouth of Back’s Great Fish River. (Stewart.)
Var. eligulata. Seem.
Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.) .
(1188.) M. discoidea, DC.
Tanacetum (?) suaveolens, Hook. FI. I., 327.
Santolina suaveolens, Pursh. FI. IT, 520.
South Kootanie Pass, on Tobacco River, west slope of Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.) On gravel
along the Fraser River at Yale, B.C. (JVacoun.) Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (J. Richardson.) Abundant at Victoria. ( Fletcher.)
Sitka and Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.)
310. TANCETUM, Linn.
(1189.) T. vulgare, Linn. Common Tansy.
Naturalized throughout the country. Usually found in patches in
old fields, along roadsides and in lanex near dwellings.
Var. crispum, DC.
Leaves more incised and crisped. Frequent in the same situations.
(1190.) T. Huronense, Nutt.
T. Douglasti, DC. Prodr. VI., 128.
T. pauciflorum, Richards. Hook. Fl. 1, 327.
Omalanthus camphoratus, Less. Hook. Fl. I., 321.
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) Growing on sand at the
mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) On the Restigouche at
the mouth of the Upsalquitch and near Campbellton. Shore of St.
John River at Fredericton, and all along the river above Fredericton,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Point-aux-Pins, five miles above the Sault Ste,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 255
Maric, and on the Sandy Islands, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Ten
miles west of Iroquois Point, Lake Superior. (A. Bell.) Along the
coast of British Columbia. (Jones.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Fort Youcon. (othr. Alask.)
311. ARTEMISIA, Linn. (WORM-WOOD.)
(1191.) A. dracunculoides, Pursh.
aA. Dracunculus, Pursh. FI. IT, 521.
A, Nuttalliana, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 326.
On dry gravelly and sandy prairies and open plains from Manitoba
to the Rocky Mountains and northward to Peace River. (dacoun.)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Chinaman’s Ranche above
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (£leteher.) Chileoten River west of the Fraser
River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1192.) A. glauca, Pall.
A, glauca, var. fastigiata, Bess. DC. Prodr. VI., 97.
A. dracunculoides, var. incana, Torr & Gray FI. IL, 416.
We understand this species to be what we have formerly considered
an unbranched state of the preceding species. Should this view be
correct, it ranges from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains or through-
out the whole prairie region. (lfacoun.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
(1193.) A. borealis, Pall. Vur. spithameea, Torr. & Gray FI.
Ii., 417.
A. borealis, Pall. var. Purshii, Hook. Fl. I., 326.
A. spithanuea, Pursh FI. IL., 522.
Labrador. (Ko'meister.) On exposed limestone rocks a little east
of South-west Point Lighthouse, Anticosti. (/acoun.) Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummend.) Arctic shores of North America. (Aichardson.)
On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis Strait. (Capt. Markham.)
Back’s Great Fish River and Gulf of Boothia. (Back.) Greenland.
(Hook, Arct. Pl.)
Var. Wormskioldii, Bess. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 417.
Hudson Bay and mountains of Lower Canada [where it seemingly
passes into A. Canadensis in Coll. Allen.] (Gray.) On high cliffs at
Mont Louis, and on the summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Moun-
tains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Islands along the north-west coast of
America. (Scouler.) Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
256 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1194.) A. Canadensis, Michx.
A. campestris, Pursh Fl. II., 521.
A. desertorum, Hook. FI. I., 325, in part.
Along sea beaches and on lake shores and by rivers throughout
Canada. On gravelly ridges and sand dunes on the prairies and open
plains and through the Rocky Mountains extending to the Pacific
Coast. (Macoun.) From Hudson Bay across the wooded country
northward to the Arctic Circle and west to the Pacific. (Hooker)
(1195.) A. caudata, Michx.
Half Way Island, Detroit River, Ont. (Maclagan.) On dry exposed
ridges western plains. On gravel ridge west of Fort Ellice, Man.
(Macoun.)
(1196.) A. cana, Pursh. Sage Brush.
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) From the confluence
of the Assiniboine and Qu’Appelle on arid clay or dry sand south-
westwardly across the plains. Common westward from Old Wives
Lakes to Calgary, and south to the 49th parallel. (J£acoun.)
(1197.) A. tridentata, Nutt.
On very arid soil. Where this plant grows the soil needs irrigation,
It is altogether unknown north of the 49th parallel, east of the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1198.) A. trifida, Nuit.
On very arid soil from, Spence’s Bridge to Cache Creek, interior of
British Columbia, (Hill & Fletcher.) Along the shore of Osoyoos
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1199.) A. longifolia, Nutt.
On arid clay banks of Ribstone and Stoney creeks, east of Hand
Hills, also at Old Wives Lakes and north of Cypress Hills, apparently
rare, but possibly overlooked. (Macoun.)
(1200.) A. discolor, Doug.
A, Ludoriciana, Bess. Hook. FI. L, 322.
Rocky Mountains, and Arctic America. (Richardson.) Bow River
Pass, Rocky Mountains. «(Aacoun.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th paral-
lel ; Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) On rocky banks at Yale, B.C,
(Macoun.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher &: Hill.)
CATOLOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 257
(1201.) A. Lindleyana, Bess.
Probably along the southern boundary of British Columbia. Im-
perfect specimens with linear leaves and a spicate infloresence have
been referred here. Chilcoten River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1202.) A. Ludoviciana, Nutt.
A. integrifolia, Pursh FI. IT., 520.
A. Purshiana, 8. angustifolia, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.
Banks of the Red River. (Douglas.) From Manitoba westward,
quite common. (Macoun.) East and West Forks of Milk River, 49th
parallel. This is the most common variety of “Sage” on the third
prairie plateau and grows very abundantly on dry open plains and dry
valleys. (Dawson.) Upper leaves or all of them entire, clothed above
and below with tomentum.
Var. gnaphalodes, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 420.
A. gnaphalodes, DC. Prodr. VI, 115.
Common on dry knolls throughout the prairie region, more especially
westward. (Macoun.) Frequent along the 49th parallel; also, Garrett's
Ranche, Old Man River. (Dawson.) Leaves serrate at the tips.
Var. latiloba, Nutt.
Rocky Mountains. (Scouler.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Leaves very much lobed and almost glabrous above.
Var. latifolia, Torr. & Gray.
A. Purshiana, vay. «. latifolia, Bess. Hook. FI. I., 323.
On the plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Common on the
prairie south of Battleford and east of the Hand Hills. (Macoun.)
Old Wives Lakes, N.W.T. (J. ML Macoun C. P. R. Coll.) Tobacco
Plains, Kootanie Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. Douglasiana, Eaton in Bot. King Exp., 183.
A. Douglasiana, Bess. Hook. Fl. L., 323.
Banks of North Saskatchewan above Fort Carlton. Also, on the
prairie twenty miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) This form has
wholly entire leaves which are linear lanceolate and almost acuminate.
(1203.) A. vulgaris, Linn. Mug-wort.
Throughout Canada. and as far north as the Arctic Circle. (Richard-
son.) The introduced form is found at Becscie River, Anticosti, and at
Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Waste grounds near houses, N. B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Quite common along railways and in the neighborhood
of towns and villages throughout Quebec and Ontario,
5
258 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. Californica, Bess.
A form which is referred here was gathered in the neighborhood of
Victoria, Vancouver Island, by Mr. Fletcher, in August, 1883. The
plants are stout but not tall, andare thickly covered with leaves, which
are smooth and green above but covered with white tomentum below.
The greater number are serrate, but some of the lower ones are slightly
lobed.
Var. Tilesii. Ledeb.
A. Tilesii, Ledeb. Torr. & Gray FI. IT, 423.
Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers.
(Richardson.) Hast coast of Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Fort St.
Michaels and western and northern coasts. (othr. Alask.) Fort
Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
(1204.) A. Richardsoniana, Bess.
A. arctica, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.
A. cxspitosa, Hook. FI. 1, 324.
From Bear Lake to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)
Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again. ‘Lat. 67° 54’,
Long. 115° 31’ west. (Dease.) Lake Beechy. (Stewart.)
(1205.) A. Norvegica, Fries.
A. Chamissoniana, var. saxatilis, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 324.
A. arctica, Less. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 423.
Alpine and sub-alpine region of the Rocky Mountains from Lat. 62-
49°. (Gray.) Woods in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drum-
mond.) Cariboo mountains in northern British Columbia. (Cowley.)
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. Pacifica, Gray.
A. Chamissoniana, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 324, in part.
Arctic Sea shore. (Richardson.) Cape Lisburne and Point Hope,
and possibly Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
(1206.) A. glomerata, Ledeb. Hook. FI. I., 324.
Bay of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
Arctic Alaska. (Gray.)
(1207.) A. globularia, Cham.
Ounalashka and island of St. Lawrence. (othr. Alask.) Arctic
Alaska and islands, (Gray.) St. Paul’s Island. (drs. Macintyre.)
+
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 259
(1208.) A. Senjavinensis, Bess.
Kotzebue Sound. (Beechy.)
(1209.) A. biennis, Willd.
This species has its home in the west where it is very abundant in
the valleys of all the rivers and small streams. Of late it has been
reported from all the eastern provinces, and is rapidly spreading by
means of the railways to every part of the country. From Hudson
Bay to the McKenzie River. (Richardson.) Dry interior of British
Columbia. (Dawson.)
(1210.) A. frigida, Willd. Pasture Sage Brush.
A. frigida, Willd. Var. Gmelinana, Bess. Hook. FI. I, 321.
Very abundant on dry exposed hills and river banks from Manitoba
westward to the Rocky Mountains, and northwards to Peace River.
West and south of the Cypress Hills this species is very common and
makes up with Eurotia lanata much of the winter cattle feed in those
districts. At Cornwall’s, in the interior of British Columbia, where
there is scarcely a blade of grass this plant produces abundance of
herbage and is invaluable as a winter food plant. Both in British
Columbia and east of the rockies, in the grazing country, this plant will
yet be highly prized for its heat producing qualities during the coldest
winter weather. Its northern limit as far as known to me is the
northern bank of Peace River in Jat. 58°. Mackenzie River. (McGill
Coll. Herb.)
(1211.) A. Absinthium, Linn. Wormwood.
Naturalized in numerous places by roadsides, in lanes and around
dwellings from Newfoundland to the western part of Ontario. At
Moose Factory, James Bay. (Gray.)
312. LUINA, Benth.
(1212.) L. hypoleuca, Benth.
In the Cascade Mountains, on the border of British Columbia.
(Lyall.)
313. TUSSILACGO, Tourn. (COLTSFOOT.)
(1213.) T. Farfara, Linn.
Introduced and naturalized, by roadsides and in pastures in a few
places in the Maritime provinces. Abundant in and around Yarmouth,
260 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
N.S. (Macoun.) Spreading from ballast in several places, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom )
314. PETASITES, Tourn. (SWEET-COLTSFOOT.)
(1214.) P. palmata, Gray.
Nardosmia palmata, Hook. Fl. I., 308. Macoun’s Cat., No. 826.
Tussilago palmata, Ait. Pursh FI. IL, 531.
In cedar swamps and bogs. Swamps and shady banks of streams
from Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains and
north to Bear Lake, Lat. 67°. (Richardson.) From Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and westward through
the prairie region and Rocky Mountains to British Columbia. (Macoun.)
(1215.) P. sagittata, Gray.
Nardosmia sagittata, Benth. Torr. & Gray Fl. II, 98. Macoun’sCat.,
No. 827. ;
Tussilago sagittata, Ait. Pursh FI. JL, 332.
Very abundant in swamps at Emerson and Totogon, Manitoba, and
westward in boggy places to the Rocky Mountains, and throughout
northern British Columbia. (Macoun & Dawson.) Hudson Bay to the
swamps in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Lake Superior (?)
in Lat. 48° to Fort Franklin in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.) Abundant on
dry clay banks, from Lytton to Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (#letcher.)
(1216.) P. frigida, Fries.
Nardosmia corymbosa, Hook. FI. I., 308. Macoun’s Cat., No. 828.
Nardosmia frigida, Hook. FI. IL., 307.
Tussilago frigida, Linn. Pursh Fl. II, 531.
From Lake Winnipeg in Lat. 52° to Fort Franklin in Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Arctic America from Melville Island to Kotzebue
Sound, and south to Fort Norman, in about Lat. 65°. (Torr. & Gray.)
Ounalashka, Norton Sound and the northern coast of Alaska. (Rothr.
Alask.) Arctic coast and west to the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
315. ARNICA, Linn. (ARNICA.)
(1217.) A. cordifolia, Hook.
Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains, on the east side. (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass; Flat Head River, B.C. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass ;
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 261
also, woods along the Fraser above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun.) At
the crossing of the Blackwater River, B.C. ( Dawson.)
(1218.) A. latifolia, Bongard.
A. Menziesii, Hook. FI. I., 331.
Alpine woods and rivulets of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Mountains in the Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass,
49th parallel; Crow Nest Lake, Crow Nest Pass; also, Skagit River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) North-west coast
of America. (Menzies.) Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.) Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.)
(1219.) A. Chamissonis, Less.
A. mollis, Hook. Fl. I., 231. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1051.
Grand Falls of Nepisiquit River, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) Tobique
Narrows, N.B. (Hay.) Andover and Grand Falls, N.B. ( Wetmore.)
Very common on the upper part of the Ste. Anne des Monts River and
on the upper slopes of Mount Albert, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Gros Cap, Lake
Superior. (R. Bell.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Bow River Pass ; also on mountains at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands: (Dawson.) Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.)
Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1220.) A. foliosa, Nutt.
A. Chamissonis, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 449, in part.
A. montana, Hook. FI. I., 330, in part. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1054.
Wooded country from the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) From Fort Ellice westward in thickets and damp prairies
to the Rocky Mountains and northward to the Peace River. (Macoun.)
Eu-ti-a-kwe-ta-chick Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1221.) A. amplexicaulis, Nutt.
Woods and shaded rocks, Oregon to British Columbia. (Lyall.) In
woods at the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.)
(1222.) A. alpina, Murr.
A. angustifolia, Vahl. Torr. & Gray FI. II, 449. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1049.
A. montana B. alpina, Linn. Hook. FI. I., 330.
Labrador, and the Arctic coast to the Saskatchewan. (Torr. & Gray.)
Very common in many parts of Manitoba, especially around and a
little west of Brandon. (Macoun.) On the prairie south of Moose
262 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Mountain. (J. M. Macoun C.P.R Coll.) Fossil Coulée, Milk River
Ridge and in the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Vicinity of Spence’s Bridge on the Thompson River, B.C. (dfacoun
& Hill.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Top of Stuart Lake
Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) MelvilleIsland. (Capt. Markham.) Back’s
River and Gulf of Boothia. (Back.) Between the Coppermine River
and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31’ west. Vicinity of
Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°. (Dease.) Upernavik, Lat. 73°. (Dr. Kane.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) The mountain specimens referred
here are very woolly in every part and are altogether unlike the
alpina of the plains, being covered with white wool, instead of a
yellowish crisped or glandular pubescens which is found on all speci-
men of our prairie alpina.
(1223.) A. obtusifolia, Less.
Shumagin Islands. (Harrington.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(1224.) A. Unalaschkensis, Less.
Aleutian Islands, and Behrings Island. (Gray.) Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1225.) A. Sachalinensis, Gray.
On the Island of Sachalin off the coast of Alaska. (Gray.)
316. CROCIDIUM, Hook.
(1226.) C. multicaule, Hook.
On grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Dawson.)
317. ERECHTITES, Raf. (FIRE-WEED.)
(1227.) E. hieracifolia, Raf. Fire-weed.
Senecio hieracifolius, Linn. Hook, FL. IL., 332.
Moist places in recently burned clearings. Very common through-
out Newfoundland and Canada, and extending west to the Saskatchewan.
318. SENECIO, Linn. (GROUNDSEL.)
(1228.) S. vulgaris, Linn. Common Groundsel.
Waste and cultivated grounds, especially gardens. Very common
CATALOGTE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 263
in the Maritime provinces and apparently spreading. Newfoundland,
Labrador and Hudson Bay. (Hooker.) Not abundant in Ontario, but
occasionally met with. Common in British Columbia. (Macoun &
Fletcher.)
(1229.) §. viscosus, Linn. (Stinking Groundsel.)
Abundant and naturalized along the Intercolonial Railway in Nova
Scotia, especially at Truro, New Glasgow, and Pictou, (Macoun.)
Spreading at Shediac, Bathurst and other points, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Windsor Junction, N.S. (Lawson.)
(1230.) S. sylvaticus, Linn.
Of sparing occurrence in waste ground, Nova Scotia. (Gray.)
(1231.) S. palustris, Hook. Marsh Groundsel.
Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Baill.) ? Very doubtful.
From the Saskatchewan to the extreme Arctic islands. (Richardson.)
Rather common on the borders of saline marshes and lakes throughout
the western part of the prairie region and northward to Lake Atha-
basca. (Macoun.) Norton Sound, Kotzebue Sound, Wainright Inlet
and on the northern shore of Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) English River,
N.W.T. (Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. congesta, Hook. Fi. I., 334.
Chiefly in the Arctic regions. (Richardson.) Gulf of Boothia.
(Back.) West of the Mackenzie River, along the coast. (Dease.)
(1232.) S. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 438.
S. integrifolius, Hook. Fl. L., 335.
Woody country in Lat. 54° to the shores of the ArcticSea. (Richard-
son.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52° (Drummond.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.) A specimen ticketed S. Hookeri from the Mackenzie
River is in McGill Coll. Herb. It is extremely like a small form of
S. Pseudo-Arnica. (Macoun.)
(1233.) S. megacephalus, Nutt.
Along Belly River. (Dawson.) Near the British boundary, Lat.
49°, (Lyall.)
(1234.) S. lugens, Richards.
Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°. (Dease.) Bloody Fall, Coppermine
River; also, from Fort Franklin to the coast. (Richardson.) Middle
branch of North Fork of Old Man River. (Dawson.) Bow River
264 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Pass, Rocky Mountains ; along the Fraser River above Boston Bar,
B.C. (Macoun.) West side of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.)
Kotzebue Sound and Cape Good Hope, also Fort Youcon. (othr.
Alask.)
Var. exaltatus, Gray.
S. exaltatus, Torr. & Gray FI. IL., 439.
Crow Nest Pass, east of the Lake ; also, western summit of North
Kootanie Pass. Summit of Cascade Mountains near Hope, B.C.
(Dawson.) On the Lower Fraser near New Westminster, B.C. ( Hill.)
(1235.) S. integerrimus, Nutt.
On limestone rocks, Narrows of Lake Manitoba; on the prairie
around Brandon, vicinity of Spy Hill and on the Souris Plain near the
Dirt Hills and in Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) On the Souris Plain
for 40 miles west of Moose Mountain Creek. (J. M. Macoun C. P. RB.
Coll.)
(1236.) S. amplectens, Gray.
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Said by Eaton to
be an extreme form of this species.
(1237.) S. aureus, Linn.
This species runs into numerous forms which pass into each other
by insensible degrees. Under various varietal names it ranges from
the Atlantic to the Pacific.
S. aureus, Linn. (Typical.)
S. gracilis, Pursh Fl. II., 529.
Radical leaves orbicular or roundish ovate, mostly cordate, crenate,
serrate, petioled. Chiefly in swamps or wet meadows. Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Abundant in New Brunswick (no forms mentioned.)
(Fowler's Cat.) Restigouche, N.B. (Chalmers.) Swamps and sandy
woods along the Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspé; in Perry’s swamp
near Hilton, Brighton Township, Northumberland Co.; near Amherst-
burgh on Lake Erie, and 20 miles up the Kaministiquia River, west of
Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Swamps, London, Ont., also at Emerson
on the Red River. (Burgess.) Throughout Canada to the Arctic
Circle and from Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains
and the Pacific. (Hooker.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; Flat
Head River, B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 265
Var. obovatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT., 442.
S. aureus 8. gracilis, Hook. Fl. I., 333.
S. obovatus, Pursh Fl. IT, 529.
S. Elliottii, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT., 448.
Radical leaves varying from roundish-obovate to oblong-spatulate.
This form has a very wide range and extends westward to the Chilcoten
River in British Columbia. Frequent in Nova Scotia, Windsor Junc-
tion and Pictou. (Lawson & McKay.) Various points in Quebee and
along the Gaspé coast; also, Ontario and throughout the prairie region
to the Chileoten River. (Dawson.)
Var. borealis, Torr. & Gray FI. IL., 442.
S. aureus, Hook. Fl. I , 333, in part.
Radical leaves thickish, mostly crenulate-toothed at the apex only.
North-west angle of the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) Crow Nest
Pass, Rocky Mountains ; also on Cascade Mountains east of Hope, B.C.
(Dawson.) Valley of the Buonaparte, and near Clinton, B.C. (Macoun.)
Labrador to British Columbia. (Gray.)
Var. discoideus, Hook. FI. I. 333.
Rays wanting. Leaves of various forms. Labrador. (Pursh.)
River Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspé, and in sand on the margin of rivers
in the prairie region. (MMacoun.) Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
Along the Lower Fraser, B.C. (Cowley.)
Var. Balsamitze, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 442.
S. Balsamitz, Muhl. Hook. FI. I., 332.
S. pauperculus, Michx. Fl. II., 120.
Radical leaves, oval, oblong, spatulate and lanceolate. Achenia
smooth or strigose puberulent. Common on rocks or sand. River de
Brig, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Rocky shores
of the Kennebeccasis, N.B. (Hay.) Various places in Quebec and
Ontario, and westward to British Columbia. All the specimens
examined have perfectly smooth achenia, except those collected on
sand hills near Fort Ellice and on Boss Hill sand ridges west of Bran-
don, Manitoba. (Macoun.) ,
Var. lanceolatus, Oakes. Torr. & Gray Fl. IT, 442.
This form has thin, lanceolate-oblong, radical leaves on long petioles.
It is quite common in ditches and marshy places in many parts of
Nova Scotia, especially between Truro and Windsor Junction, and on
the South Eastern Railway between New Glasgow and the Gut of
Canso. (Macoun.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Hartland, Carleton Co.,
N.B. (Hay.)
266 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. subnudus, Gray.
S. subnudus, DC. Prodr. VI., 428.
S. Cymbalaria, Pursh FI. IT., 530. (?)
Wet ground on mountains, Wyoming to British Columbia. The
most depauperate form. (Gray.)
(1238.) S. canus, Hook.
Cineraria integrifolia 8. minor, Pursh F1. IT., 528.
Banks of the Saskatchewan, rare. (Drummond.) Very abundant
on many parts of the prairie region from the eastern part of Manitoba
to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the Souris Plain south of
Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll..) White Mud River,
49th parallel, and Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge. (Dawson.)
Var. 6. Torr. & Gray FI. IT, 443.
Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd, vide Hooker.) Abundant in the vicinity
of Spy Hill, west of Fort Hllice, Man. (Macoun.) Probably common
on the prairies.
(1239.) S. Fremonti, Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 445.
On the Rocky Mountains in Lat. 49°. (Zyall.) In the South
Kootanie Pass at an altitude of 6,500 feet. (Dawson.)
(1240.) S. eremophilus, Richards.
Woods of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) On the gravelly banks
of Cedar Lake, Lat. 54°, and thence to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) Common from the Cypress Hills, in thickets
and in river valleys westward to the Rocky Mountains and northward
to Lake Athabasca, Lat. 59°. (Macoun.) Qu’Appelle Valley at the
Police Station. (J. M. Macoun C.P.R. Coll.)
(1241.) §. Jacobzea, Linn. Common Ragwort.
Introduced. Very abundant along the Pictou and Truro Railway,
especially in the cuttings between New Glasgow and Pictou, N.S.
(Macoun.) Pictou and vicinity, a pernicious weed supposed to be
injurious to cattle, N.S. (dMcKay.) Whycocomah, Cape Breton.
(Lindsay.) Spreading rapidly at Newcastle and Miramichi, N.B,
(Fowler's Cat.) Growing along the roadside near Burlington (Welling-
ton Square), Ont. (Burgess.) This is evidently the S. palustris of
Buchan’s List in Canadian Journal.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 267
(1242.) S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less.
Arnica maritima, Linn. Pursh FI. IT, 528.«
A. Doronicum, Willd. Hook. FI. I., 331.
A. (?) maritima, Willd. Hook. FI.I., 331.
Newfoundland and Labrador, (Hooker.) Very abundant on gravel
beaches along the coasts of Anticosti and Gaspé, and growing from a
few inches to five feet high and with from one to sixteen large flowers
in acorymb. (Macoun.) Coast of Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
North-west Coast. (Velson.) Common on the western shore of Alaska;
also on Chamisso Island. (Rothr. Alask.) Along the coast of Van-
couver Island. (Meehan.)
(1243.) S. resedifolius, Less.
On the Rocky Mountains in the South Kootanie Pass at 6,500 feet,
altitude ; also, western summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
On limestone at the mouth of Bear Lake River, and about Fort Norman
and Fort Franklin. (Richardson.) Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue
Sound. (othr. Alask.)
Var. Columbiensis, Gray.
Mucklung River, British Columbia. (drs. Mackay.)
(1244.) S. frigidus, Less. Hook. Fl. I, 334.
Newfoundland (?) and Labrador. (Gray.) Barren country from
Lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
West of the Mackenzie River along the coast. (Dease.) Beechy
Lake, Back’s Great Fish River. (Anderson.)
(1245.) S. triangularis, Hook.
S. longidentatus, DC. Prodr. VIL, 428.
Moist prairies among the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) House
Mountain, west of Little Slave Lake. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains,
at an altitude of 6,000 feet, on the 49th parallel ; Michell Creek, Crow
Nest Pass. (Dawson.) Sitka and Eschscholtz Bay. (Rothr. Alask.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
(1246.) S$. —— ?
A small specimen in general appearance like S. resedifolius was
gathered in the South Kootanie Pass by Dr. G. M. Dawson. It differs
from the above species by having the lower part of the stem covered
with white tomentum as well as the under side of the leaves which are
almost pinnatifil. Better specimens are required before it can be
satisfactorily determined.
268 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1247.) S. hydrophilus, Nutt.
In water or very wet ground, especially in brackish water, Montana
to British Columbia, (Gray.)
319. CACALIA, Linn. (INDIAN PLANTAIN.)
(1248 ) C. atriplicifolia, Linn.
Senecio atriplicifolius, Hook. FI. I., 332.
Canada. (Cleghorn vide Hooker.) Moist woodland, western Ontario,
(Torr. & Gray.) Not collected recently.
(1249.) C. tuberosa, Nutt.
Marsh at the head of Chicken Bay, Lake Huron, Bruce Peninsula,
(Macoun.)
Excluded Species.
Cacalia suaveolens, Linn, reported from Windsor, N.S., is Erechtites
hieracifolia, Raf.
320. TETRADYMIA, DC.
(1250.) T. canescens, DC.
Hills and plains, along with Artemisia tridentata, N. Wyoming and
British Columbia. (Gray.)
321. Arctium, Linn. (BURDOCK.)
(1251.) A. Lappa, Linn. Common Burdock.
Lappa major, Gertn. Torr. & Gray FI. IL, 463.
L. officinalis, All. var. major, Gray, Manual, page 275. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1071.
Naturalized throughout the settled parts of the country and becoming
a pest on vacant lots in towns and cities. In the country places it is
seen in too great profusion about farm houses.
Var. tomentosum, Gray.
Collected at Morrison’s Mill, Fredericton; also, abundant at Rich-
mond, Carleton Co., N.B. ( Vroom.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 269
Var. minus, Gray. Lesser Burdock.
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) <A form which probably belongs here was
found in some abundance atthe railway station, Digby, N.S. (Macoun.)
322. CARDUUS, Tourn. (PLUMELESS THISTLE.)
(4252.) C. nutans, Linn. Musk Thistle.
Spreading from ballast at Chatham, N.B. (Jowler’s Cat.)
(1253.) C. crispus, Linn. Welted Thistle.
Introduced, but scarcely naturalized. Sparingly in the streets of
South Sidney, Cape Breton; and on ballast heaps at Pictou, N. 8.
(Macoun.) West side of Courtenay Bay, city of St. John, N. B.
Apparently naturalized. (Hay.)
323. CNICUS, Vaill. (COMMON OR PLUMED THISTLE.)
(1254.) C. lanceolatus, Hofim. Common Roadside Thistle.
Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1066.
Naturalized in pastures and along roadsides throughout Canada.
Very abundant along the margin of woods and in half-cleared lands, in
Ontario. Victoria, Vancouver Island. (/letcher.)
(1255.) C. Pitcheri, Torr.
Cirsium Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun’s
Cat., No. 1067.
Borders of fields near Fort William, Thunder Bay. (Macoun.)
(1256.) C. undulatus, Gray. Western Prairie Thistle.
Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. Gray Manual, page 273. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1065.
C. Hookerianum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. JI., 457.
Abundant on the western prairies from Manitoba to the Rocky
Mountains and northward to the limits of the prairie. (Macoun.)
Banks of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel, at Garrett’s Ranche, Old Man River, N.W.T.; also, Kootanic
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C. » (Fletcher.)
(1257.) C. pumilus, Torr. (?)
Cirsium pumilum, Spreng. Gray, Manual, page 274.
This form is apparently quite distinct from C. undulatus, as it is
270 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
pubescent, not tomentose, with wide, crisped hairs on the stem, sparsely
so on the upper side and very slightly below, except on the veins. Its
leaves are undulate, but not pinnatifid and the margin is thickly covered
with weak spines. Stem one flowered; flower purple, inner bracts an
inch and a quarter long with broad tips having scarious or ciliate
margins, these bracts are thickly covered with minute glands which
give a powdery appearance to them. In general appearance the two
forms have no resemblance whatever.
(1258.) C. altissimus, Willd. var. discolor, Gray.
Cirsium discolor, Spreng. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun’s Cat.,
Nos. 1060 and 1068.
Dry fields and thickets not common. Bank of the St. Lawrence
River three miles west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Meadows and
thickets at Belleville and Castleton, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (ZLogie.) Chippewa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
English’s Woods, not uncommon, London, Ont. (Saunders.) Abundant
in many places along the Great Western Railway, between Sarnia and
Hamilton. (Macoun.)
(1259.) C. muticus, Pursh.
Carduus.muticus, Nutt. Hook. FI. I., 302.
Cirsium mauticum, Michx. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1061.
Common in swamps. Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New
Bruswick und westward to the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Specimens
from Anticosti and the Shickshock Mountains are different in habit
from the western ones and agree with the C. glutinosa of Bigelow.
(1260.) C. Drummondii, Gray.
Carduus pumilus, Hook. FI. I., 302.
Cirsium Drummondii, Torr. & Gray FI.IL,459. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1064.
Banks of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) From Fort Franklin, Lat. 66° to the Saskatchewan.
(Gray.) From the head of Lake Winnipegoosis, westward throughout
the wooded and mixed prairie country to the Rocky Mountains and
Peace River. (Macoun.)
Var. acaulescens, Gray.
Cirsium acaule, var. Americanum, Gray. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863.
Along the North Saskatchewan west of Fort Pitt; also on the prairie
30 miles south east of Battleford. (JZacoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 271
(1261.) C. foliosus, Gray.
Carduus foliosus, Hook. Fi. I., 303.
Cirsium foliosum, DC. Torr. & Gray FI. II., 461. Macoun’s Cat., No.
1063.
Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drunmond.) South Kootanie
Pass, 49th parallel; also, North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
(1262.) C. arvensis, Pursh. Canada Thistle.
Carduus arvensis, Smith. Hook. FI. I., 302.
Cirsium arvense, Scop. Gray, Manual, page 274. Macoun’s Cat., No.
1062.
Naturalized throughout the country and become a pestilent weed on
all badly cultivated farms. Many country roads in Ontario are almost
impassable in summer owing to the prevalence of this pest.
(1263.) ©. Hookerianus, Gray.
Carduus discolor, var. fl. albis, Hook. FI. I., 302.
Upper wooded and sub-alpine region of the Rocky Mountains, north
of Lat. 49°. (Douglas & Bourgeau.) At the base of the high lime-
stone cliffs at the entrance to Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
(1264.) C. edulis, Gray.
Wet or shady places, along the southern boundary of British
Columbia. (Gray.)
(1265.) C. Kamtschaticus, Maxim.
Cirsium Kamtschaticum, Ledeb. DC. Prodr. VI., 644.
Atkha, one of the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
324. ONOPORDON, Vaill. (SCOTCH THISTLE.)
(1266.) O. acanthium, Linn.
Waste grounds generally escaped from gardens. Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Buctouche and Bass River, N.B. Rare. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of St. Thomas, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.)
325. SAUSSUREA, DC.
(1267.) S. alpina, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 303, in part.
S. monticola, Richards. Hook. FI. L, 303.
Elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eastern
272 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Rocky Mountains,
Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.)
Var. Ledebouri, Gray.
S. subsinuata, Ledeb. Ic. FI. Alt., 60.
S. alpina var. remotifolia, Hook. FI. I., 303.
North of the Saskatchewan to Bear Lake and northward to the
Arctic Sea ; alse on the Copper Mountains, in grassy plains, Lat. 67°,
and on the coust between the Mackenzie River and Coppermine.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound, and from Point Barrow to the
Mackenzie River. (othr. Alask.) Beechy Lake, Back’s Great Fish
River. (Anderson.)
326. CENTAUREA, Linn. (STAR THISTLE.)
(1268.) C. nigra, Linn. Knap-weed.
Naturalized in meadows and pastures eastward. Abundant in Nova
Scotia, and New Brunswick and in eastern Quebec. University Park,
Toronto. (Macoun.)
(1269.) ©. cyanus, Linn. Bluebottle.
Escaped from gardens into fields and waste places at Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) In wheat fields, Ottawa. (Pletcher.)
(1270.) C. benedicta, Linn. Blessed Thistle.
Cnicus benedictus, Linn. Gray, Manual, page 274. Macoun’s Cat., No.
1059.
Bass River, N.B. Escaped from gardens. (Fowler's Cat.) West
Point River, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
327. CICHORIUM, Tourn. (SUCCORY, ENDIVE.)
(1271.) C. Intybus, Linn. Chiccory.
Old fields and roadsides, naturalized in the province of Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and especially in Quebec. Becoming frequent along
railways, aud in towns and villages in Ontario. Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.)
328. MICROSERIS, Don.
(1272.) M. Bigelovii, Gray.
Depauperate specimens collected on dry gravelly soil near Victoria,
Vancouver Island, are referred here. Mr. Watson, curator of Dr.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 4 273
Gray’s Herbarium is doubtful of them. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Vic-
toria. Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
(1273.) M. nutans, Gray.
Wet grassy grounds, borders of British Columbia and Montana.
(Gray.)
329. KRIGIA, Schreb. (KRIGIA.)
(1274.) K. amplexicaulis, Nutt. ;
Cynthia Virginica, Don. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 469. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1075.
Hyoseris amplexicaulis, Michx. FI. IT., 87.
Damp grassy thickets around Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.) Malden.
and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Near Lake Winnipeg,
(Dr. Houghton.) :
(1275.) K. Virginica, Willd.
K. leptophylla,DC. Prodr. VIL, 88.
Hyoseris Virginica, Linn. Michx. FI. IL., 88.
Sandy ground, western Ontario. (Gray.)
330. LAMPSANA, Tourn. (NIPPLE-WORT.)
(1276.) Le communis, Linn.
Spontaneous in a few localities but scarcely naturalized. Vicinity
of Montreal. (Maclagan.) Beleil Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
In streets and gardens, Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Along a public
road near Norwood, Peterboro’ Co. ; border of a spring, Royston Park,
Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) In the vicinity of Dundas, Ont.,
where it is a common roadside weed. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Port
Moody, B.C. (Hill.)
331. CREPIS, Linn.
(1277.) C. occidentalis, Nutt.
Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains, Pincher Creek ; and Kootanie
Valley, near Wild Horse Creek. (Dawson.)
Var. Nevadensis, Kellogg.
On dry gravelly slopes, Spence’s Bridge, Thompson River, B.C.
(Macoun.) From Jackass Mountain to Cache Creek, B.C. (Fletcher
& Hill.)
6
274 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. crinita, Gray. Bot. Calif.
Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains on Pincher Creek, and on the
slopes of Nicola Valley,-B.C. (Davwson.)
(1278.) C. intermedia, Gray.
C. acuminata, var. gracilis, Macoun’s Cat., No. 1098.
Spence’s Bridge, Thompson River, B.C. (Macoun.) Slopes of Nicola
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) From Lytton to Spence’s Bridgealong the
Thompson River, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(1279.) C. glauca, Torr. & Gray.
Borders of saline lakes and in brackish marshes from Fort Ellice
westward, especially to the west of the Touchwood Hills. (Macoun.)
(1280.) ©. runcinata, Torr. & Gray.
C. biennis, 8. Hook. FI. I., 297, not Linn.
Hieracium venosum, L. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 365.
Saskatchewan to the prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Abundant from Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains through-
out the prairie region on saline soil; also abundant around salt springs
at the head of Lake Winnipegoosis, on Red Deer River, Lat. 53°.
(Macoun.) Red River prairie and Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) Abundant on saline soil at Moose Mountain Creek. (J.
Macoun C. P. R. Coil.)
(1281.) C. elegans, Hook.
On shingle in the Bow River Pass and on gravel along the Bow River ;
also on gravel beaches of the Peace River, east of the mountains,
Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; on gravel
along the Wigwam River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) “ Battures”
of the Assiniboine River. (Drummond.) This must be a misprint for
“ Battures” of the Athabasca, as the former river has no “ Battures”
(gravel beds extending into the river) while the latter has, near Jasper
House where Drummond was collecting.
(1282.) C. nana, Richards.
Barkhausia nana, DC. Prodr. VII., 156.
Barren grounds from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea and islands.
(Richardson.) On the slaty debris of the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.)
(1283.) C. virens, Linn.
On ballast, St. John, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Introduced.
% ‘
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 245
332. HIERACIUM, Linn. (HAWKWEED.)
(1284.) H. Pilosella, Linn. Mouse Har Hawkweed.
Dry sandy soil, Introduced into meadows near London, Ont.
(Burgess.)
(1285.) H. murorum, Linn.
Apparently introduced in the Province of Quebec. (Gray.) Within
the limits of the city of Quebec. (Fletcher.)
(1286.) H. vulgatum, Fries.
HT, molle, Pursh. Fl. IT., 503, not Jacq.
EH. sylvaticum, Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 299.
Labrador. (Kolmeister.) Frequent along river margins on Anti-
costi, and along the Gaspé coast from Cape Rosier to Matane ; also on
the heights of Point Levis. (Macoun.) Point Levis. (Shepperd.) It is
probable that this species is common on both sides of the Lower St.
Lawrence and along the shores of the gulf. Itis certainly indigenous.
(1287.) H. umbellatum, Linn.
H. Canadense, Michx. Var. angustifolium, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 476,
in part.
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Apparently
extending from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Pacific. River
margins, Anticosti, common along the Gaspé coast; from Mani-
toba to the Rocky Mountains and north to the Peace River, Lat. 56°.
(Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Vicinity of
Dunvegan, Peace River, Lat. 56°; Kit-aman River, Kootanie Valley,
Rocky Mountains ; Chilcoten River, B.C. (Dawson.) From the Lower
Fraser to Lytton B.C. (Fletcher.) From Lake Huron to Fort
Franklin on the Mackenzie River in Lat. 66°, abundant. (Hooker.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1288.) H. Canadense, Michx.
HH. prenanthoides, Hook. FI. L., 300, not Vill.
A, virgatum, fasciculatum, and macrophyllum, Pursh. Fl. IT., 504.
River banks and in thickets frequent in Ontario. Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Rather rare in New Brunswick. (owler’s Cat.) Common
throughout Quebec and Ontario. The limits of this and the above
species are not very well defined, but it is quite evident that there are
two distinct forms. The Ontario one being H. Canadense as generally
recognized ; while the other, if not, H. umbellatum closely approaches
that species,
276 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1289.) H. scabrum, Michx.
H, Gronovii, B. Hook. FI. I., 300.
Dry sandy or rocky ground. Apparently common in Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, extending to Lake Superior and
Lake Nipigon.
(1290.) H. Cronovii, Linn.
Rare in western Ontario, on dry sandy soil. Ancaster, near Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) Rare at London. (Saunders.) Dry sandy woods
near London. (Burgess.) Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Lake Huron.
(Dr. Todd.)
(1291.) H. longipilum, Torr.
Open woods. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Islands in the
River St. Clair near Lake Huron. (Hooker.)
(1292.) H. venosum, Linn. Rattlesnake-weed.
Dry sandy soil. Vicinity of Niagara Falls in rich sandy woods and
in woods at Point Edward, near Sarnia; abundant at Point-aux-Pins,
at the entrance to Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Niagara River and
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
(1293.) H. paniculatum, Linn.
Papineau wood near Montreal. (Dr. Holmes.) Belwil Mountain,
and Lundy’s Lane, near Niagara. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.)
(1294.) H. Scouleri, Hook.
On grassy slopes, Kit-aman River, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) By the Skuzzie River above Yale, B.C. (#letcher.)
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
(1295.) H. triste, Cham.
Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
(1296.) H. gracile, Hook.
H. triste, in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 478. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1080.
H. arcticum, Frel. DC. Prodr. VIL, 209.
On the more elevated Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass; Klootch-oot-a Lake and Tsi-tse Lake, Upper Blackwater River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Elevated country near McLeod’s Lake, Lat. 55°,
B.C. (Macoun.) Ounalashka and Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
”
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLAN'Ts. U7
Var. detonsum, Gray.
Mountains of British Columbia, (Gray.)
at nl
(1297.) H. albiflorum, Took,
HT. Vancowverianum, Arvet-Touvet. Spicil. Hier., 10.
Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains, north of Smoky River, Lat.
56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains, 6,000 feet altitude, 49th paral-
lel; Little Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Cascade mountains along
the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Lyall.)
333. LEONTODON, Linn. (FALL DANDELION.)
(1298.) L. autumnalis, Linn.
Apargia autumnatis, Willd. Pursh FI. II., 497.
Oporinia autumnalis, Don. DC. Prodr. VII., 108.
Naturalized and becoming abundant in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Quebec. Normal School grounds, Toronto,
(Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
334. APARCIDIUM, Torr. & Cray.
(1299.) A. boreale, Torr. & Gray. :
Leontodon boreale, DC. Prodr. VII., 102.
Sitka, (Rothr. Alask.) Wet meadows and bogs, Alaskan Islands,
(Gray.)
335. TROXIMON, Nutt. (TROXIMON.)
(1300.) T. cuspidatum, Pursh.
Rather rare or possibly confounded with the next. From Fort
Ellice westward to the Bow River. (Macoun.) Milk River and Fort
McLeod, N.T.W. (Dawson.)
(1301.) T. glaucum, Nutt.
Macrorhynchus glaucus, Eaton, Bot. King Exp., 204. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1100.
This species in various forms extends from Manitoba through the
Rocky Mountains to the coast of the Pacific. The following attempt
to limit the forms may or may not be strictly correct, but it tends to
place them in groups for further study.
278 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. parviflorum, Gray.
T. parviflorum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 490.
T. glaucum, 8. Hook. Fl. I., 300.
Involucre glabrous. Leaves lanceolate linear, generally entire,
sometimes slightly hairy, near the base. Vicinity of Fort Ellice and
west of the Touchwood Hills. (Macoun.) Belly River near Fort
McLeod and Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge. (Dawson.) Along the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Var. dasycephalum, Torr. & Gray.
T. glaucum, var. vu. Hook. Fl. I., 300.
Ammogeton scorzonerefolium, Schrad. DC. Prodr. VII., 98.
On dry prairies;from Lat. 49° northward to the Arctic Coast. Sas-
katchewan and prairies.of the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic Coast.
(Richardson.) Abundant around Morley, Bow River, and eastward to
he Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, and common in
the mountains and Foot Hills from Lat. 49° to Bow River ; also on the
Chilcoten River, B.C. (Dawson.) West of McLeod’s Lake, Lat. 55°,
B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. taraxacifolium, Gray.
This variety seems to be intermediate between the other two forms,
as it has laciniate leaves and a pubescent involucre. On dry gravelly
soil close to Fort Ellice, Man. (Macoun.)
(1302.) T. aurantiacum, Hook.
Macrorhynchus troximoides, Torr. & Gray Fl). II., 491. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1102.
Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
(1303.) T. humile, Gray.
Specimens approaching this species were gathered at Victoria in
May, 1875, but referred to 7. heterophyllus, Nutt. They are identical
with Hall’s, No. 317, from Oregon, but quite distinct from 7. Chilense
No. 143, of Suksdorf, which is now considered a synonym of the former.
(1304.) T. laciniatum, Gray.
Macrorhynchus laciniatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 492.
On dry gravelly soil near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Fletcher.) Small specimen from Vancouver Island collected by Lyall.
(Gray.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 279
(1305.) T. grandiflorum, Gray.
Macrorhynchus grandiflorus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 492. Macoun’s
Cat., No. 1108.
Along the Thompson River near Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hletcher.)
(1306.) T. heterophyllum, Greene.
Macrorhynchus heterophyllus, Torr. & Gray Fl. IT., 493. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1101.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(1307.) T. gracilens, Gray.
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; Foot Hills between the Forks
of the Old Man River, Iroquois Creek, Pine Pass, Lat. 55°; Flat Head
River; Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Dry places on the Fraser
above Boston Bar, B.C. (Fletcher.) Cascade mountains, Lat. 49°.
(Lyall.)
336. TARAXACUM, Hall. (DANDELION.)
(1308.) T. officinale, Weber.
T. Dens-leonis, Desf. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 494. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1090.
Leontodon Taraxacum, Hook. FI. I., 296.
Completely naturalized throughout Canada, and found wherever
settlers have penetrated. The indigenous forms are arranged and
characterized by Dr. Gray as below.
Var. alpinum, Koch.
Taraxacum latilobum, DC. Prodr. VII., 494 (?)
Outer involucral bracts ovate to broadly lanceolate, spreading, none
conspicuously corniculate. Not uncommon along the Labrador coast,
flowers usually very large. (W. A. Stearns.) Common in grassy
places on Anticosti, and on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock
Mountains, Gaspé. In cool copses near Fort Ellice, Man., and north-
westward in the wooded country to and beyond the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Labrador to British Columbia. (Gray.)
Var. glaucescens, Koch.
Taraxacum ceratophorum, DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL, 495.
Outer involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, loosely erect or spreading,
inner ones and sometimes outer with a corniculate appendage below
the tip. Ounalashka and Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.) Greenland,
280 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.) Specimens from the Rocky Mountains and British
Columbia seem to belong here, as they have the corniculate appendage
below the tip and glaucescent leaves. South Kootanie Pass, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Crossing of the Blackwater River, Northern
British Columbia. (Macoun.)
Var. lividum, Koch.
Taraxacum palustre, DC. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1091.
Leontodon palustre, Smith. Hook. FI. I., 296.
Outer involucral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, all apt to be dark-
colored in drying, obscurely or not at all corniculate. Western summit
of the North Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° 30°. (Dawson.) Cariboo Moun-
tains, B.C. (Cowley.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
Arctic Coast and islands, and the Aleutian Islands, in various forms.
(Gray.) Westernholme and below Bedevilled Beach, Lat. '76-78°. (Dr.
Kane.) On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis Strait, and on Melville
Island. (Capt. Markham.)
337. LACTUCA, Linn. (LETTUCE.)
(1309.) L. Canadensis, Linn. Wild Lettuce.
L. elongata, Muh]. Hook. Fl. I., 296.
L. longifolia, Michx. F). II., 85.
Rich soil in damp thickets. Quite common from Anticosti to thickets
in the western prairie region,
(1310.) L. integrifolia, Bigel.
L. elongata, var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 496.
Leaves glabrous all undivided generally entire. Norton, N.B. (Hay.)
Dry sterile soil at Kingston, N.S. ; in the vicinity of Belleville; also
on hill sides, North Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.) On dry soil,
vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher.) Neighborhood of London, Ont.
(Burgess.)
(1311.) L. hirsuta, Muhl.
L. elongata, var. sanguinea, Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 496.
Leaves often ciliate on the margin and always hirsute on the midrib
below. Dry sandy woods east of Belleville, Ont., and abundant on
sterile soil, Rice Lake Plains. (Macoun.) Sandy fields, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Bletcher Fl. Ott.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 281
(1312.) L. pulchella, DC.
Mulgedium pulchellum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray]Fl. IT., 497. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1104.
M. acuminatum, DC. Dawson Bound. Comissioner’s Report, page 365.
Sonchus pulchellus, Pursh. Fl. IT., 502.
S. Sibiricus, Hook. Fl. I., 293.
From Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Throughout the whole central
part of British North America to Fort Franklin in Lat. 66°. (Richard-
son & Drummond.) From the Lake of the Woods westwards to the
Rocky Mountains and northwards to Peace River and Lake Athabasca.
(Macoun.) From Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel, to the valleys of the
Rocky Moantains, and interior of British Columbia. (Dawson.) From
Spence’s Bridge on the Thompson River to Cache Creek, B.C.
(Fletcher & Hill.) Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.)
(1313.) L. Floridana, Grtn.
Mulgedium Floridanum, DC. Torr. & Gray FI. ITL., 498.
Sonchus Floridanus, Linn. Pursh. FI. IT., 501.
Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
(1314.) L. leucophzea, Gray.
Mulgedium leucophewm, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL., 499. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1105.
Low, rich soil generally beside small brooks. Newfoundland. (Torr,
& Gray.) Frequent on southern part of Anticosti and Gaspé coast,
(Macoun.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Low, wet grounds rather common,
N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Knowlton, Hastern Townships, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Common about clearings and open places, River Rouge,
Q. (D’Urban.) Mount Johnstone, near Lachine, Q. (Maclagan.)
Frequent in central Ontario; north shore of Lake Superior, and in
damp thickets from the Lake of the Woods westward to British
Columbia. (Macoun.) Tasily distinguished from LD. Canadensis by its
sordid pappus.
(1315.) L. sativa, Linn. Garden Lettuce.
Frequent on waste heaps and in corners of gardens, but never remain-
ing more than a year or two. Apparently naturalized at Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.)
282 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
338. PRENANTHES, Linn. (RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.)
(1316.) P. alba, Linn. White Lettuce.
P. rubricunda, Pursh. FI. IT., 449.
Nabalus albus, Torr. & Gray Fi. II., 480. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1085.
Open grounds and borders of woods. Newfoundland. (Cormack.)
Apparently common throughout the country from the Atlantic pro-
vinces and Anticosti to the woods along the Saskatchewan. It is
probable that many of the eastern stations refer to the next species as
all our Gulf specimens certainly do.
(1317.) P. serpentaria, Pursh. Fl. IL, 499. .Rattlesnake Root.
Nabalus albus, var. serpentaria, Torr. & Gray Fl. IL., 480.
N. Fraseri, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. IL, 481,
Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Shore of Anticosti, at Salt Lake, and
south westerly to West Point; also on the cliffs along the Gaspé coast
at Riviére Pierce. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Quebec and at Sillery, Q.
(Shepperd.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) All the stem leaves are petioled in this species.
Var. nana, Gray.
Nabalus nanus, DC. Torr. & Gray FI. IT., 482.
On exposed rocky points and mountain tops. Close to the sea at
the “ Bake Apple Bog,” Sydney Mines, Cape Breton; on exposed peaty
soil at South-West Point Lighthouse, Anticosti ; also on the summit of
Mount Albert, one of the Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.)
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.)
(1318.) P. altissima, Linn. Tall White Lettuce.
Nabalus altissimus, Hoox. FI. I., 294. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1087.
Newfoundland. (Cormack.) This species seems to have nearly the
same range as P. alba, but prefers a drier habitat and becomes more
plentiful in western Ontario.
(1319.) P. racemosa, Michx. Fl. IL., 84.
Nabalus racemosus, Hook. Fl. I., 294. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1086.
Common on Anticosti and at Sydney mines, Cape Breton ; also at
the mouth of the Restigouche, opposite Campbellton, N.B. (Macoun.)
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) At the mouth of the Kennebeccasis,
in crevices of rocks, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Montreal and St. John’s,
Q. (Maclagan.) St. Helen’s Island, Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 283
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Shores of Lake Huron along the Bruce
Peninsula, north shore of Lake Superior and westward on damp prairie
and in thickets to Edmonton on the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Turtle
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1320.) P. alata, Gray.
Nabalus alatus, Hook. Fl. I., 294.
N. Boottii, DC. Var. Dawson’s Boundary Commission Report, p. 365.
Observatory Inlet and northwest coast. (Scouler.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.) Ounalashka and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Fort Wrangel, and Sitka. (Meehan.)
Var. sagittata, Gray.
South Fork of Belly River, growing in thickets; also, South Koo-
tanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
339. SONCHUS, Linn. (SOW-THISTLE.)
(1321.) S. oleraceus, Linn. Common Sow-thistle.
S. ciliatus, Lam. DC. Prodr. VII., 185.
Waste places around dwellings and in gardens. Naturalized from
Newfoundland to Manitoba and British Columbia. Departure Bay,
Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
(1322.) S. asper, Vill. Spiny Sow-thistle.
S. fallax, Wallroth. DC. Prodr. VII., 185.
Commoner than the last and found in company with it, but more
frequently in cultivated fields.
(1323.) S. arvensis, Linn.
Abundant along roadsides and in fields from Newfoundland through-
out the Maritime provinces and Quebec. Parliament Hill and other
places around Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Grounds of the Insane
Asylum, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
340. LYCODESMIA, Don.
(1324.) L. juncea, Don. Hook. Fl. L, 295.
Prenanthes juncea, Pursh. FI]. IT., 498.
Dry plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Dry,- sandy or
284 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
gravelly hills from Pine Creek, Man., to Calgary. (Macoun.) Very
common on dry soil, Souris Plain. (J M Macoun, C. P. R. Coil.)
Abundant from a little east of Turtle Mountain to the Foot Hills of
the Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1325.) L. rostrata, Nutt.
Growing in damp sand amongst the sand hills, five miles north of
“Big Stick Lake,” north of Cypress Hills, close to a grove of Populus
monilifera. August 28th, 1880. (Macoun.)
341. TRACOPOCON, Linn. (GOAT’S BEARD, SALSIFY.)
(1326.) T. pratensis, Linn. Yellow Goat’s Beard.
A weed in Todd’s field, St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) In the church-
yard of the Prince’s Street Church, Pictou, N.S. Growing luxuriantly
and completely naturalized. (McKay.) Along the railway track
near the St. Louis dam, Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
(1327.) T. porrifolius, Linn. Salsify.
In the streets and waste places around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Common on waste heaps and around market gardens, Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont., along the railway tracks.
(Burgess.) Vicinity of Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
342. STEPHANOMERIA, Nutt.
(1328.) S. minor, Nutt.
Lygodesmia minor, Hook. FI. I., 205.
South of Wood Mountain, on a dry clay bank, 49th parallel. (Daw-
son.) In the dry interior of British Columbia along the Thompson
River. (Fletcher.)
343. HYPOCHAZERIS, Linn. (CAT’S EAR.)
(1329.) H. radicata, Linn. Long-rooted Cat’s Ear.
Naturalized in the streets and vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (fletcher.) It is probable that 4. glabra is mixed with this
species, as small specimens seem to be of that species,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 285
Un-named Species of Composite.
(1330.) A poor specimen of what may be Hehinacea purpurea was
gathered on the shore of Lake Huron in July, 1871. Since then
nothing like it has been seen. As the specimens are without rays and
very immature, nothing certain can be predicated of them.
(1331.) In August, 1883, Mr. James Fletcher picked up in the neighbor-
hood of Victoria, a small rayless composite, which at first sight might
be referred to Matricaria discoidea, but which differs very materially
from that speciesin many respects. It is evidently a denizen of ditches
and muddy places, but the specimens are too few and incomplete to
enable one to make a proper examination for their identification.
Lower leaves laciniate, upper ones much less so. The whole plant
quite smooth and branching at almost every leaf which sheaths both
stem and branch.
LIT. LOBELIACHA. Losetia Faminy.
344. LOBELIA, Linn. (LOBELIA.)
(1332.) L. cardinalis, Linn. Cardinal Flower.
Low swamps or marshy meadows and along streams. Low grounds
near St. Andrews, N.S. (Vroom.) On Magaguadavic, Saint Croix,
and tributaries, N.B. (Matthew & Vroom.) From Quebec westward to
Owen Sound and north westward along the Georgian Bay. (Macoun.)
(1333.) L. syphilitica, Linn. Great Blue Lobelia.
Low, wet meadows and bordersof marshes. Rather local in Ontario
but frequent along the St. Lawrence and great lakes from Prescott to
Owen Sound, and northward in the limestone districts. (Macoun.)
(1334.) L. Dortmanna, Linn. Water Lobelia.
A very remarkable species growing either in water or on the borders
of ponds and lakes. In a small lake at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Ball.) Vicinity of
Halifax, N.S. (ZLawson.) Shallow borders of ponds and lakes, rather
rare, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) Near Lake Mistassini. (J. Richardson.)
Very abundant in Twelve Mile Lake and the Bushkong Lakes, Victoria
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Joseph, Muskoka. (Burgess.) Vermil-
lion Bay, C.P. B., with Subularia agnatria. (Fletcher.) Slave Lake,
English River, and Portage la Loche, Lat. 57°. (Auchardson.)
286 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OANADA.
(1335.) L. spicata, Lam.
LL. Claytoniana, Michx. Hook. Fl. IL, 30.
In meadows and pastures rather rare. In meadows on both sides of
the Bay of Quinte at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Prince’s Island,
near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
Great Western Railway Track east of London, Ont. (Saunders.)
Red Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Strathroy. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Var. hirtella, Gray.
L. Claytoniana, Michx. Hook. F\. II., 30, in part.
On the Saskatchewan, apparently rare. (Drummond.) On the
prairie west of the Touchwood Hills and along the base of the Bran-
don Hills, Man. (Macoun.) Abundant on the Souris Plain, on the
borders of marshes. (J. M: Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Turtle Mountain,
Man. 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(13836.) L. Kalmii, Linn. Kalm’s Lobelia.
L. Nutialliit of Saunders’s London List.
L. puberula of Logie’s Hamilton List.
Wet, rocky banks on the margins of rivers and in marshes from
Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and
Ontario and westward to the Upper Columbia Valley. (dacoun.)
From Lake Huron, throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan and Hudson
Bay, and in saline marshes in Lat. 60° (Riehardson.) Frequent in the
prairie region on saline marshy soil. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
(1337.) L. inflata, Linn. Indian Tobacco.
On dry, sandy soil in meadows, pastures, and by roadsides. Frequent
throughout Canada from the Atlantic to Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and Hudson Bay. (Richardson.)
LIV. CAMPANULACEA. CampanuLa Famity.
345. SPECULARIA, Heister.
(1338.) S. perfoliata, A. DC. Venus’ Looking-glass.
Campanula perfoliata, Linn. Pursh. Fl. I., 160.
C. amplexicaulis, Michx. FI. I., 108.
Open gravelly or sandy soil and barren spots. On Taylor's Hill,
Belleville, and in Prince Edward Co., at Ferry Point and Gibson’s
CATALOGUE OF GANADIAN PLANTS. 287
Mountain, Ameliasburgh. (Macoun.) Fields in the vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) Drummondville, Ont. (Maclagan.) Niagara
Falls. (Burgess.) Point Albino and Port Colborne, Lake Hrie.
(David F. Day.) North-west coast of America. (Scouler.) Sea
Bird Bluffs, near Port Moody, B.C. (fletcher.)
346. CAMPANULA, Linn. (BELL-FLOWER.)
(1339.) ©. pilosa, Pall.
C. dasyantha, Bieb. Hook. Fl. II., 27.
Ounalashka and islands of Behring’s Straits. (Chamisso.) Capo
Prince of Wales and Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.) Alaska, Aleutian
islands and northward. (@ray.)
(1340.) C. lasiocarpa, Cham.
Summit of northern Rocky Mountains, near Lake La Pierre.
(Drummond.) Eliguch Lake, northern British Columbia. (Dawson.)
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Sledge and Hedge islands in
Behring’s Straits. (Capt. Beechy.) Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alash.)
(1341.) C. uniflora, Linn.
Shores and islands of the Arctic Sea from the eastern to the western
extremity. (Hooker.) Alpine places in the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Arctic regions from Labrador to the Aleutian islands. (Gray.)
Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Cape Beaufort, Arctic Coast. (Dr. Rae.) On both sides of Baffin’s
Bay and Davis’ Straits. (Capt. Markham.) Uppernavik. (Dr. Kane.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1342.) C. rapunculoides, Linn.
Roadsides and waste places near dwellings. Naturalized and spread-
ing. About St. John and St. Stephen, N B. (Hay & Vroom.) Rather
common around fences of old gardens at Truro, N.S., and in the vicini-
ty of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Waste ground, Ottawa. (letcher.)
(1343.) ©. Scheuchzeri, Vill.
C. dubia, A. DC. Hook. Fl. IL, 27.
C. linifolia, A. DC. Hook. Fl. IL, 27.
C. rotundifolia, 8. linifolia, Rich. in Frankl. Journ., page 6.
Alpine and sub-alpine or sub-arctic, Newfoundland, Labrador and
Alaska, (Gray.) Qn rocks and peat bogs along the shores of Anti-
288 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
costi; also on the top of Mount Albert, Gaspé. (Macoun.) North
shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) From Lake Huron throughout .
the wooded country to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Quite common in the
whole prairie region extending from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Port Wentworth and Sledge Island. Behring’s Straits.
(Menzies.) Holsteinburg, Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.)
Var. heterodoxa, Gray.
C. linifolia var. Langsdorfiana, A. DC. Hook. Fl. IL, 27.
C. pratensis, A. DC. Hook. Fl. IL, 27.
Near the coast on the western side of Newfoundland. (Pylaie.)
Arctic America from Greenland to the Aleutian islands. (A. De Can-
dolle.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Alaska and islands to
the Shumegins. (Gray.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) On both sides of
Baffin’s Bay and Davis’ Straits. (Capt. Markham.)
(1344.) C. rotundifolia, Linn. Blue Bell, Hare Bell.
C. petiolata, A. DC. Hook. FI. 27. (?)
Growing at Middle Bay, Belles Amour, and L’Anse Amour, Labra-
dor. I have never heard of it being found on any of the islands.
(Butler.) Ihave found it all along the shore at Forteau ; it appears
quite common there. (W. A. Stearns.) On rocky banks of rivers
and sandy places from the Atlantic throughout the wooded country to
and within the Rocky Mountains in Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°.
(Macoun.) Throughout the wooded country to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.)
Kootanie Valley within the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Mountains
in the Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.) Chileat, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct, Pl.)
(1345.) C. aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh Bell-flower.
In marshes and beaver meadows. Dennis Stream, near St. Stephen
and St. George, N.B. (Vroom.) Grand Lake, N.B. (Hay.) Abun-
dant throughout Quebec and Ontario, and extending to the Lake of
the Woods. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.)
(1346.) ©. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. IL, 28.
Open grassy, woods and under firs. Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Dawson.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.) Grassy places vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
Yale and Spuzzum, and above the Fraser River Crossing of C.P.RB., B.C,
(Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 289
(1347.) ©. Americana, Linn.
C, acuminata, Michx. Fl. I., 108.
On moist and broken rock between the Clifton House and the water,
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) St. Catharines and Malden, N.B. (Maclagan.)
Woods near Cline’s Mills, west of Hamilton, Ont. (Jogie.) Rich
woods, near London. (Saunders & Burgess.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(Fowler.) Sandy ridge, Pelee Point, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
Note.
I confess that I am unable to limit C. rotundifolia and C. Scheuchzeri,
as they are described in Dr. Gray’s Synopsis of the Gamopetale. We
have evidently two forms which are both referred to C. rotundifolia.
My impression is that the true C. rotundifolia grows chiefly on river
banks, while the other which I may call the boreal form is found on
exposed shores, prairies and mountain tops. The form with linear or
narrowly lanceolate entire cauline leaves I refer to C. rotundifolia,
while the other with the stem-leaves more or less toothed much broader
and the lower leaves never linear, I include, in C. Scheuchzeri.
347. HETEROCODON, Nutt.
(1348.) H. rariflorum, Nutt.
Shady and grassy places vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Cowley & Gray.)
LV. VACCINIACEA. Huck.Leserry Famity.
348. GAYLUSSACIA, HBK. (HUCKLEBERRY.)
(1349.) G. dumosa, Torr. & Gray.
Vaccinium dumosum, Dunal. DC. Prodr. VII, 566.
Newfoundland (Gray.) Sandy swamp, near North Sydney and at
Sydney mines, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) North West Arm, near
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Peat bog near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
In a peat bog near Richibucto, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) St. Stephen,
N.B. ( Vroom.)
(1350.) &. resinosa, Torr. & Gray.
Vaccinium resinosum, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 31.
Rocky or sandy woodlands or swamps, Newfoundland. Abundant
in Nova Scotia, amongst rocks ; on sandy barrens in New Brunswick,
and frequent in bogs or on sand or rock in Quebee and Ontario. Lake
Huron to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
7
290 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
349. VACCINIUM, Linn. (BLUEBERRY OR CRANBERRY.)
(1351.) V. stamineum, Linn. Deerberry.
V. album, Pursh. FL I., 28, not of Linn.
Dry rocks, Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence. (Macoun.)
Whirlpool, below Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.)
(1352.) V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Early-fruiting Blueberry.
V. tenellum, Pursh. Fl. I., 288.
Dry hills and woods and sandy swamps from Newfoundland to the
Rocky Mountains. Fruit abundant and valuable.
Var. angustifolium, Gray.
Labrador and Hudson Bay, also Newfoundland. (Gray.) Peat
bogs, Salt Lake, Anticosti; top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Moun-
tains, Gaspé ; north-east coast of Lake Superior, above Michipicotin.
(Macoun.) Shores of Lake St. John, Q. (J. Richardson.) Specimens
from Mount Albert are very- hairy on the midrib and ciliate on the
margins.
(1353.) V. Canadense, Kalm. Canada Blueberry.
Very common in swamps and on sandy barrens, especially in the
pineries throughout Canada from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains
and northward to Hudson Bay and Bear Lake. This is our commonest
species and has become quite a valuable fruit since the building of
railways into the forest regions of Quebec and Ontario.
(1354.) V. vacillans, Solander. Low Blueberry.
Dry sandy woodlands and banks in western Ontario. Near Grenadier
Pond, Toronto, and along the railway at Port Dover Junction, Ont.
(Macoun.) Near the Waterdown Road, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Vicinity of Toronto and London. (Burgess.)
(1355.) V. corymbosum, Linn. Swamp Blueberry.
V. dimorphum, Michx. FI. I., 281.
Swamps and low woods from Newfoundland to western Ontario.
(Gray.) About Quebec. (Cleghorn.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.)
Reported from many points, but varieties not specified.
Var. amoenum, Gray.
Rich, wet woods at Bismarck on the Canada Southern Railway, west
of St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)
Probably the western or southern form,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 291
Var. atrococcum, Gray.
V. fuscatum, Gray, Manual Ed. I., 262.
Apparently the Quebec and eastern and northern Ontario form.
Peat bogs and Mér Bleue near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Peat bog
five miles north of Colborne, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Var. pallidum, Gray. :
V. pallidum, Gray, Man. Ed. I., 262.
V. vacillans, Sommers’ Flora of Nova Scotia, page 200, 1876.
Grassy and rocky ground not rare. Point Pleasant, near Halifax,
NS. (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
(1356.) V. uliginosum, Linn. Bog Blueberry.
In mountain bogs and exposed shores below, Lat. 50°. From New-
foundland, Labrador, Anticosti, Skickshock Mountains and thence
westward to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic Sea. Quebec;
Gomin swamps, near Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) On exposed
rocks north-east coast of Lake Superior, above Michipicotin, and in a
peat bog near Port Arthur, also at McIntyre’s Bay, Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) North-east coast of Hudson Bay. (A. Bell.) Sitka, Ouna-
lashka, Kotzebue Sound, and the northern coast. (Rothr. Alask.)
Bartlett’s Bay, Alaska. (Deehan.) Northumberland Strait north
of Hudson Bay. (Capt. Markham.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Capt.
Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Fiske Fiord, Disco, Proven,
Uppernavik, and Smith’s Sound, Lat. 78°. (Dr. Kane.)
Var. mucronatum, Herder.
Alaska and Aleutian Islands to Behring’s Straits. (Gray.)
(1357.) V. salicinum, Cham.
Ounalashka, in moss. (Chamisso.)
(1358.) V. czespitosum, Michx. Dwarf Bilberry.
A dwarf shrub growing on grassy and exposed ridges or mountains,
abundant on the elevated plains west of Edmonton and through the
Rocky Mountains into northern British Columbia. On_ hillsides,
Labrador. (Butler.) Anticosti, at the mouth of Jupiter River; on
Mount Albert, Gaspé; on rocks above the falls of Montreal River,
north-east coast of Lake Superior ; Cypress Hills and Bow River Pass
and northward along the Foothills to Little Slave Lake and westward
to MacLeod’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Dean or Salmon River, B.C,
_(Dawson.) Sitka, (Rothr, Alask.)
292 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. cuneifolium, Nutt.
V. cxspitosum, var. angustifolium, Gray.
British Columbia and east to Lake Superior. (Gray.) Thickets
and grassy places near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Fletcher.)
(1359.) V. Myrtillus, Linn. Whortleberry, Bilberry.
V. myrtilloides, Watson, Bot: King, Exp., 209.
Rocky Mountains and north-west to Alaska, (Gray.) Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.)
Var. microphyllum, Hook.
Very abundant in the woods along Kicking Horse River, B.C. (Macoun.)
Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portages.
(Drummond.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass. Is-ga-chuz
Range, head waters of Black River. Altitude, 5,000 feet. (Dawson.)
(1360.) V. myrtilloides, Gray. Var. membranaceum, Doug.
V. myrtilloides, Hook. FI. II., 32, in part only. The eastern references
apply to a form of V. Pennsylvanicum.
Damp woods, Lake Superior to British Columbia. (Gray.) South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; Flat Head River, B.C. ; eastern summit
of the North Kootanie Pass. Iltasyouco River and Cascade Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Yale and on high rocky hills
along the Telegraph Trail, and on Stuart Lake Mountain and Mount
Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C,
(Cowley.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. rigidum, Hook. Fi. IL, 32.
This form has rigid not membranaceous leaves, has a more compact
habit and has not glabrous, but slightly pubescent branchlets. South
Kootanie Pass on the British Columbia side of the summit. (Dawson.)
On the top of House Mountain south of Little Slave Lake, and in
alpine woods, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.)
(1361.) V. ovalifolium, Smith.
V. Chamissonis, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 450.
In some abundance on the top of Mount Albert at an altitude of
nearly 4,000 feet, Gaspé, Q. (Macaun.) Has been found on the south
shore of Lake Superior. (Robbins.) North-west coast of America,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLAN'S. 293
(Menzies.) Woods at the junction of the Portage River with the
Columbia (Douglas.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Ounalashka. (Gray.)
Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1362.) V. parvifolium, Smith.
Shady and low woods near the coast of British Columbia to Alaska
and the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.) Great Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Daw-
son.) In thickets at New Westminster, on the Lower Fraser, B.C.
(Macoun.) At and near Spuzzum, above Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Lake Juindeman, source of the Youcon River, B.C., Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.)
(1363.) V. ovatum, Pursh.
In rocky places on the North-west coast, Lat.49°. (Scouler.) Van-
couver Island. (Gray.) Vancouver Island or southern British
Columbia. (Cowley.)
(1364.) V. Vitis-Idzea, Linn. Cowberry. Mountain Cranberry.
Very abundant from the Atlantic to the Pacific, producing enormous
quantities of fruit, which are invaluable as a spring food for birds on
their return from the south. The only parts of Canada where it is
not found are southern Ontario and the prairie region. It extends
north to Greenland and the islands in the Arctic Sea. Greenland.
(Hook, Arct. Pl.)
350. OXYCOCCUS, Pers. (LOW BUSH CRANBERRY.)
(1365.) O. vulgaris, Pursh. Small Cranberry.
Vaccinium Oxycoccus, Linn. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1132.
Sphagnous swamps around the sub-arctic zone, from Newfoundland
to the Pacific and south to the Canadian boundary. This species is
easily distinguished from the next by its small revolute leaves and
terminal fascicle of flowers. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1366.) O. macrocarpus, Pursh. Large American Cranberry.
Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1139.
Bogs and especially on the margins of ponds and small lakelets, in the
soft mud. Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
thence westward throughout Quebec and Ontario to Thunder Bay.
(Macoun.) Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
Ungava Bay and Mackenzie River. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
294 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
351. CHIOCENES, Salisb. (CREEPING SNOWBERRY.)
(1367.) C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray.
Vaccinium hispidulum, Michx. Fl. I., 228.
Gaultheria serpyllifolia, Pursh. FI. I., 288.
G. hispidula, Muhl. Hook. FI. IL, 36.
Abundant in damp, mossy woods creeping over logs, flowering very
early. Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick, thence westward to the west side of the Rocky Mountains at
the sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.)
LVI. ERICACEA. Hears Faminy.
352. ARBUTUS, Linn.
(1368.) A. Menziesii, Pursh. Madrofia.
A tall and beautiful tree with evergreen leaves and by exfoliation a
reddish bark. Coasts of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.
Puget’s Sound and North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Coasts around
Victoria. (Dawson.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria. (J Richardson.)
353. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adns. (BEARBERRY.)
(1369.) A. alpina, Spreng. Alpine Bearberry.
Arbutus alpina, Linn. Hook. Fl, IL, 37.
Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) South-
west Point, and mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti; Summit of Mount
Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Gaspé, Q.; Bow River Pass and Kicking
Horse Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Throughout the wooded
country Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) Alpine swamps of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) Ounalashka, Norton Sound to Point Barrow;
also on the Arctic Coast. (othr. Alask.) Northumberland Strait.
(Capt. Markham.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Back’s Great Fish
River. (Capt. Back.) West of Mackenzie River. (Pease.) Both
Hooker and Gray state that the berries of this species are black, on the
contrary, those on specimens obtained on Anticosti and the Rocky
Mountains are bright red.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 295
(1370.) A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. Bearberry, Kinnikinick.
Arbutus Uva-ursi, Linn. Hook. Fl. IL, 37.
Rocky or sandy soil from Newfoundland to the Pacific and north to
Fort Franklin, Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) This species is found in all
suitable localities throughout the country and in the north-west and
north its fruit is eaten in quantities by partridge and prairie chickens.
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)
(1371.) A. tomentosa, Doug.
Arbutus tomentosa, Pursh. Hook. FI. IL, 36.
Dry and rocky hills of the North-West Coast. (Douglas.) Van-
couver Island, or southern British Columbia. (Cowley.)
s
354. CAULTHERIA, Linn. (AROMATIC WINTERGREEN.)
(1372.) G. Myrsinites, Hook.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52-54°. (Drummond.) Not noticed by late
collectors.
(1373.) G. ovatifolia, Gray.
Wooded banks of streams and cafions of the Cascade Mountains,
borders of British Columbia. (Dyall.) This is a new “species lately
separated from the preceding by Dr. Gray.
(1374.) G. procumbens, Linn. Wintergreen.
In sandy swamps or low woods on hummocks. Newfoundland,
throughout the Maritime provinces, Quebec and Ontario to Owen
Sound, Ont.; also, woods near Rat Portage. (Macoun.) In the
Muskoka District, Ont. (Burgess.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Lake Superior. (Capt. Back.)
(1375. G. Shallon, Pursh. Salal.
Shady woods, British Columbia, along and near the coast. (Gray.)
In woods on Yale Mountain, B,C. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria,
and on Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Abundant in woods at
Port Moody and along the Fraser River, B.C. (Hill & Fletcher.)
296 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
355. CASSANDRA, Don. (LEATHER LEAF.)
(1376.) ©. calyculata, Don.
Andromeda calyculata, Linn. Hook. Fl. IL., 39.
Bogs and swamps, and borders of slow streams, ponds and lakelets.
Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti and the Maritime provinces,
thence westward throughout Quebec and Ontario, and through the
wooded country to northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Northward
into part of the barren country. (Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)
356. CASSIOPE, Don. (CASSIOPE.)
(1377.) C. Stelleriana, DC.
Andromeda Stelleriana, Pall. Hook. FI. II., 37.
Menziesia empetriformis, Pursh. FI. I., 265, not Smith.
North-west Coast of America, probably on Bank’s Island. (Menzies.)
North-west Coast, Sitka to Behring’s Straits. (Gray.) Sitka. (othr.
Alask.)
(1378.) C. hypnoides,?Don.
Andromeda hypnoides, Linn. Hook, FI. II., 37.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspé, Q., in
shaded ravines, where snow lies nearly ten months. (Macoun.)
North-west Coast. (Nelson vide Hooker.) On both sides of Baffin’s
Bay and Davis’ Straits. (Capt. Markham.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1379.) C. lycopodioides, Don.
Andromeda lycopodioides, Pall.
Aleutian Islands south to Oregon. (Gray.) Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.)
(1380.) ©. Mertensiana, Pall.
Andromeda cupressina, Hook. Fi. II., 38.
Abundant on the upper wooded slopes of the mountains in Kicking
Horse Pass, B.C. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains north of Smoky
River, Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 297
(1381.) C. tetragona, Don.
Andromeda tetragona, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 38. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1153.
From Labrador on the east to the Rocky Mountains on both sides.
(Kolmeister & Douglas.) From Lat. 54° to the Arctic Islands.
(Richardson.) Northern Rocky Mountains to the Arctic regions.
(Gray.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Island of St. Lawrence,
- Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow, and on the Arctic coast. (Rothr.
Alask.) Repulse Bay. (Dr. Rae.) Buchanan Island, and Melville Island.
(Capt. Markham.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Capt. Back.) Between
the Coppermine and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31’ west ;
also at Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°. (Dease.) Disco, Proven, Fox Inlet,
Bedevilled Beach, from Lat. 70-80°. (Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
357. EPICAEA, Linn. (MAYFLOWER.)
(1382.) E. repens, Linn. Trailing Arbutus.
Gravelly, rocky or sandy woodlands, in the shade of evergreens.
Abundant in Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces, Quebec
and northern Ontario and westward to the west end of Lake Superior
and northward to the height of land. (Macoun.) Westward to the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
358. ANDROMEDA, Linn. (ANDROMEDA.)
(1383.) A. polifolia, Linn.
A. rosmarinifolia, Pursh. Fl. L., 291. Narrow-leaved form.
Peat bogs, swamps, borders of marshes and ponds from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea. This species, although,
so widely distributed retains its form without variation in all latitudes,
Young and late shoots have wider leaves than the normal form but
that is all. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1384.) A. ligustrina, Mubl.
A. paniculata, Ait. Michx. Fl. I, 254.
Canada, (Pursh.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Wet grounds,
Canada. (Gray.) I believe all the above references are based upon a
misconception. Drummond’s plant must have been the leaves of
Gaylussacia resinosa; Pursh is unreliable; and Dr. Gray probably
follows the statements of his predecessors.
298 GHOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Excluded Species.
Leucothce racemosa, Gray.
Andromeda racemosa, Pursh. FI. I., 294.
Pursh credits this species, also to Canada, but as it cannot possibly
be within our limits I exclude it.
359. CALLUNA, Salisb. (HEATHER.)
(1385.) C. vulgaris, Salisb.
C. Atlantica, Seem. Journ. Bot. IV., 305. ‘
East coast of Newfoundland, near Ferryland, Lat. 47°, Long. 52° 50’
west, forming a small patch about three yards square. The locality is
in the same part of the island to which the specimens collected by
Mr. Cormack, are referred, namely, the south-east peninsula ; and two
additional localities in this peninsula are noticed on Cormack’s label,
namely, the head of St. Mary’s Bay and Trepassy Bay or Harbor.
(Journal of Botany, Vol. III., page 221.) In a wet springy place, among
spruce stumps, in peaty soil, overlying clay, on the farm of Mr.
Robertson, St. Ann’s, Inverness Co., Cape Breton Island. (Dawson.)
Dartmouth Hills near Halifax; Point Pleasant Park, Halifax ; Hast
Bay, Cape Breton Island, in considerable quantity ; Caplin Bay, two
miles from Ferryland, which is about thirty-five miles south of St.
John’s, there is a bed of heather, of no great extent but healthy and
flourishing. At Renews, about twenty or thirty miles from Ferryland,
there is also a quantity of heather, supposed to have been derived from
Caplin Bay growth, but this is only conjecture. (Lawson in Transac-
tions of Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, Vol. IV., page 167.)
360. LOISELEURIA, Desv. (ALPINE AZALEA.)
(1386.) procumbens, Desyv.
Azalea procumbens, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 44.
Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison.) On hill sides Cariboo, La-
brador. (Butler.) Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspe, altitude nearly 4,000
feet. (Macoun.) Barren grounds from Lat. 65° to the Arctic Islands.
(Richardson.) Bank’s Islands and Mount Edgecombe, Lat. 54°. North-
west Coast. (Menzies.) Cape Lisburne and islands of Ounalashka and
Chamisso. (othr. Alask.) On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis
Strait. (Capt. Markham.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Capt. Back.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 299
Ungava, (McGill Coll. Herb.) Egedesminde, Greenland, Lat. 69°.
(Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
361. BRYANTHUS, Cmel. (FALSE HEATHER.)
(1387.) B. empetriformis, Gray.
Menziesia empetriformis, Smith. Hook. Fl. II., 40.
Rocky Mountains from Lat. 50° to 42°; also, Vancouver Island.
(Gray.) Nutka on the North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
(1388.) B. Grahamii, Hook. FI. IL, 40.
B. empetriformis, Gray. Var. intermedius, Gray (?)
Menziesia Grahamit, Hook. FI. II., 40.
M. intermedia, Hook. FI. II., 40.
Alpine woods and open elevated situations of the Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Woods and open places (M. intermedia) in
the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) South Kootanie Pass, 6,500
feet altitude, 49th parallel ; eastern summit of the North Kootanie
Pass ; Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C.
(Cowley.) Abundant in some places on the higher mountain slopes,
Kicking Horse Pass, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1389.) B. taxifolius, Gray.
Phyllodoce taxifolia, Salisb. Gray, Man., 297.
Menziesia cerulea, Swartz. Hook. Fl. II, 39.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Ungava Bay. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sum-
mit of Mount Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Gaspé. (Macoun.) On both
sides of Baftin’s Bay and Davis’ Strait. (Markham.) Fiske Fiord,
Lat. 64°; Disco Island, Lat. 70°. (Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. Pl.)
(1390.) B. Aleuticus, Gray.
Menziesia Aleutica, Spreng. Hook. FI. II., 40.
Phyllodoce Paliasiana, Don. Rothr. Alask., 450.
Ounalashka and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(1391.) B. glanduliflorus, Gray.
Menziesia glanduliflora, Hook. FI. IL., 40.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49° to 56° and west to Sitka. (Gray.) Rare
in the Alpine woods and mountains north of Smoky River, Lat. 56°.
300 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Drummond..) South Kootanie Pass, altitude 7,000 feet, 49th parallel ;
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) On the higher mountain slopes,
Kicking Horse Pass. (Macown.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
362. KALMIA, Linn. (AMERICAN LAUREL.)
(1392.) K. latifolia, Linn. Calico-bush.
Credited to Canada by Pursh. and lately by Dr. Gray, but evidently
unknown to local collectors. (dacoun.) Reported as being found in
ravines and near ponds in the interior, up Salmon River, and on Esqui-
maux Island, Labracor. (W. EH. Stearns.) Clearly a broad-leaved
form of K. angustifolia, which is common on Anticosti, is referred to
here. (Macoun.)
(1393.) K. angustifolia, Linn. Sheep Laurel, Lambkill.
Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
thence westward through Quebec and northern Ontario to the Georgian
Bay. Very abundant in the Maritime provinces, often covering large
spaces in boggy or rocky places with its beautiful purple flowers.
Throughout Canada to Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) James Bay. (Brown.)
(1394.) K. glauca, Ait.
K. glauca, var. rosmarinifolia, Hook. FI. IT., 41.
Common in peat bogs from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but scarcely
going north of the Arctic circle. (Hooker.) Newfoundland and Hudson
Bay. (Gray.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska.
(Meehan.) Point Ogle, Arctic Coast. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland.
(Hook, Arct. Pl.) Specimens from various localities have leaves varying
from very narrowly linear and revolute to broadly oblong and almost
plain, but frequently these diverse leaf forms are obtained from the
same group of plants.
Var. microphylla, Hook. Fl. IT., 41. (?)
Specimens referred to this form have the leaves sometimes in threes,
almost oval, perfectly glaucus, not the least revolute and with a strong
midrib. In swamps in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Peaty
swamps ulong the Telegraph Trail, northern British Columbia.
(Macoun.) Tsi-tsult Mountains, and swamps along the Skeena River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 301
363. LEDUM, Linn. (LABRADOR TEA.)
(1395.) L. palustre, Linn.
L. palustre, L. Var. angustifolium, Hook. Fl. IT., 44.
Bogs, Newfoundland, Labrador, and through the Arctic regions to
Alaska and Aleutian Islands. (Gray.) East coast of Hudson Bay.
(A. Bell.) Norton Sound, to Point Barrow and northern coast. (othr.
Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (M€eehan.) Back’s Great Fish River
and Hudson straits, (McGill Coll. Herb.) Between the Coppermine
River and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31’ west. (Dease.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Sukkertoppen, Lat. 65°; Holsteinburg,
Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.) Hudson Bay specimens have the pedicels
clothed with ferruginous hairs.
Var. dilatatum, Wahl.
Approaching the next, having broader leaves and sometimes long
oval capsules. North-west Coast, Sitka, &c. (Gray.)
(1396.) L. latifolium, Ait. Labrador Tea.
L. palustre, L. Var. latifolium, Hook. Fl. IT., 44.
Peat bogs and marshes from Labrador, Newfoundland and the Mavi-
time provinces westward to the Pacific. This species has a more
southern range than JL. palustre, and may be distinguished from it by
never having ten stamens but more commonly five.
(1397.) L. glandulosum, Nuit.
Southern boundary of British Columbia and in the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Gray.)
364. RHODODENDRON, Linn. (ROSE BAY, AZALEA.)
(1398.) R. Kamtschaticum, Pall.
Bank’s Island and Port Edgecombe, North-west Coast, Lat. 53°.
(Menzies.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Alaska and Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.) .
(1399.) R. albiflorum, Hook. Mountain Rhododendron.
Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Western
summit of Crow Nest Pass and eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass ; Misinchinca River, near Pine River Pass, Rocky Mountains,
302 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Lat. 55°. Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Summit of Stuart
Lake Mountain; also abundant on the sides of ravines in the Kicking
Hoase Pass, B.C. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
(1400.) R. viscosum, Torr. Clammy Azalea.
Azalea viscosa, Linn. Pursh Fl. IL, 153. Gray, Man., 299.
Swamps, Canada. (Pursh.) Not known to later collectors. May
probably be found along the borders of Maine.
(1401.) R. nudiflorum, Torr. Purple Azalea.
Azalea nudiflora, Linn. Gray, Man., 299.
A. periclymenoides, Michx. Pursh FI. I., 153.
Swamps, low grounds or shaded hillsides, Canada. (Gray.) It is
probable that Dr. Gray follows Pursh in giving this species a place in
the Canadian flora. We have no knowledge of it.
(1402.) R. Rhodora, Don. Rhodora,
Rhodora Canadensis, Linn. Gray, Man., 300; Macoun’s Cat., No. 1171.
Cool bogs and open peaty places. Labrador, Newfoundland, Anti-
costi, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and thence westward through
Quebec to the vicinity of Montreal. This is a most beautiful shrub
and in the early part of June fills the peat bogs along the Intercolonial
Railway with a profusion of lovely flowers. Its western limits as far
as known are: Three Rivers, Nicolet and Port St. Francis. (Maclagan )
Beauharnois County, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1403.) R. macrophyllum, Don. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1169.
R. maximum, Hook. FI. IL, 48.
Woods, Puget Sound. (Gray.) North-west Coast. (Menzies)
Mountain woods near Hope, B.C. (Dawson & Hill.)
(1404.) Ra maximum, Linn. Great Laurel or Rose Bay.
Damp woods, rare in Nova Scotia and western Ontario. Near
Beaver Dam Gold Mines, Sheet Harbor, N.S. (Lawson & Archibald.)
In woods, Norfolk Co., Ont. [?] (Dr. Nicholl.)
(1405.) R. Lapponicum, Wahl.
Labrador. (Morrison.) On a hill top near Amour, Labrador.
(Butler.) Summit of Mount Albert, altitude 4,000 feet, Gaspé.
(Macoun.) Summits of the Rocky Mountains north of Smoky River,
Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Barren grounds from Lat. 65° to the Arctic
seashore and islands. (Richardson.) Norton Sound. (WNelson.) Port
OATALOGUE OF OANADIAN PLANTS. 303
Clarence. (Aothr. Alask.) Both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis
Strait. (Capt. Markham.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Capt. Back.)
Between the Coppermine and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long.
115° 31’ west. (Dease.) Holsteinburg, Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.) Green-
land. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
365. MENZIESIA, Smith.
(1406.) M. glabella, Gray.
MM. globvdaris, Hook. FI). IL, 41.
Alpine woods north of Smoky River, Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Bow
River Pass. (Bourgeau.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass and western summit of same pass ;
also Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass. (Dawson.) Very abundant in
the Kicking Horse Pass close to the railway, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1407.) M. ferruginea, Smith.
North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Port Hammond, B.C. (Fletcher.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Fort Wrangel and Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan).
Woods, coast of British Columbia to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.)
366. CLADOTHAMNUS, Bong.
(1408.) C. pyrolzeflorus, Bong.
Tolmiea occidentalis, Hook. Fl. IL, 45.
North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Low woods, Washington Territory
to Alaska. (Gray.) Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
367. PYROLA, Linn. (SHIN-LEAF, WINTERGREEN.)
(1409.) P. minor, Linn.
Cold woods, Labrador. (Morrison.) Cool woods near Dalhousie,
N.B. (fletcher.) Kamarouska,Q. (Burgess.) Cold woods, North
Sydney, Cape Breton; cool ravines, Gaspé Basin ; summit of Mount
Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Gaspé. In woods on Pie Island, Thunder
. Bay, and in woods on the Portage at Kakabeka Fall, 30 miles
above Fort William; also on Lake Ellen, Nipigon River, and
very abundant on islands in Humboldt and Wabanosh bays, Lake
304 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Nipigon. (Macoun.) Woods in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Barren
country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic coast and islands. (Richardson.)
Observatory Inlet, North-west Coast. (Scouler.) Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1410.) P. secunda, Linn.
Rich woods throughout Canada from Newfoundland and the Maritime
provinces to the Pacific and far northward on the Mackenzie. A very
common species and equally as abundant west of the mountains as
eastward. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. pumila, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 302.
Peat bogs and mossy swamps from Labrador to Alaska. (Gray.)
Cedar swamps, North Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.) Swamps, London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Swamps south of Red Rock. Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Var. 6. Hook. Fl. IL, 45.
Woods of Portage River, near La Grande Cété, Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Leaves narrow and acuminate.
(1411.) P. chlorantha, Swartz.
Rather dry or sandy woods generally under conifers, from New-
foundland, Labrador and the Maritime provinces westward to the
Rocky Mountains and northern British Columbia, and northward to
Bear Lake. (Richardson & Gray.) Woods, Truro, Pirate’s Cove, Gut
of Canso, and near Annapolis, N.S.; North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Lily Lake, St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Dalhousie, N.B. (Fletcher.)
Var. occidentalis, Gray.
P. occidentalis, R. Br. Hook. Fl. II., 47.
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Sledge Island on
the North-west Coast. (Velson.) Alaska to Kotzebue Sound. (Gray.)
(1412.) P. elliptica, Nutt.
P. rotundifolia, Michx. FI. I., 251, in part.
Rich woods. Quite common from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
westward through Quebec and Ontario to Owen Sound. (Macoun.)
Lake of the Woods; Winnipeg and North-west Angle Road, and in
thickets, Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel, (Dawson.) Westward to the ;
Saskatchewan, (Drummond.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 305
(1413.) P. rotundifolia, Linn. Round-leaved Wintergreen.
Sandy or dry woods, in swamps or on. mountain tops from the
Atlantic to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic regions, under its
various varieties. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. incarnata, DC.
Flowers from flesh color to rose purple; calyx lobes triangular-lanceo-
late. Cold woods and bogs, northern New England to the Aleutian
Islands. (Gray.) Throughout Canada to Bear Lake. (Richardson.)
From Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Dalhousie
and Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Occurs near Fredericton, N.B. (Prof.
Bailey.) Near Edmunton, N.B. (Hay.) Vicinity of Ottawa, (Fletcher
Fi. Ott.)
Var. asarifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 46.
Pyrola asarifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 251; Pursh Fl. L, 299.
Leaves round-reniform, orbicular-subcordate, or inclined to oblate-
orbicular : scape slender. Not uncommon, northward and westward
to the Rocky Mountains. (Gray.) Not rare in New Brunswick.
(fowler’s Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Dawson
Road wést of Lake Superior. (Burgess.) Common in thickets
throughout the North-west to the base of the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Northward to Bear Lake. (Richardson.)
Var. uliginosa, Gray.
Leaves from subcordate to oblate, generally dull. Flowers rose-
colored or purple. Calyx lobes shorter than preceding, usually broadly
ovate, sometimes obtuse. Cold bogs, northward, nearly across the
continent. (Gray.) Andover, N.B. (Hay.) Peat bogs at Belleville
and north-westerly to the Rocky Mountains in the Bow River Pass.
(Macoun.) Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains ; also,
Qualcho Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley)
Var. bracteata, Gray.
Pyrola bracteata, Hook. Fi. IL., 47.
Coniferous woods, British Columbia. (Gray.) North-west Coast.
(Scouler.) Small prairie in cedar bush on Wigwam River, Rocky
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
Var. pumila, Hook.
From Labrador to the Mackenzie River, along the Arctic coast.
Gray.
i red)
306 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1414.) P. picta, Smith.
P. dentata, Hook. FI. II, 47.
Nutka Sound and North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Thickets at Spuz-
zum above Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(1415.) P. aphylla, Smith.
Puget Sound. (Gray.) Very likely in woods on Vancouver Island.
368. MONESES, Salish. (ONE-FLOWERED WINTERGREEN.)
(1416.) M. uniflora, Gray.
M. grandiflora, Salisb. Rothr. Alask., page 450.
Pyrola uniflora, Linn. Hook. Fl. IL, 45.
Very common in shady or mossy woods from Labrador, Newfound-
land and the Maritime provinces westward to the Pacific and north-
ward to Lat. 64°. (Hooker.)
369. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. (PIPSISSEWA.)
(1417.) ©. umbellata, Nutt. Prince’s Pine.
C. corymbosa, Pursh FI. I., 300.
Dry and generally coniferous woods from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westwardly throughout Quebec and Ontario, thence west-
ward through the forest country to the coast of British Columbia and
Vancouver Island.
(1418.) C. Menziesii, Spreng. Hook. Fl. IL, 49.
Coniferous woods, British Columbia. (Gray.) North-west Coast.
(Menzies.)
(1419.) C. maculata, Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen.
Pyrola maculata, Linn. Michx. Fl. I., 251.
Dry woods, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Chippawa and St. Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.) St. James’ Cemetery,
Toronto. (owler.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 307
LVII. MONOTROPEA. Prpz-wort Famizy.
370. PTEROSPORA, Nutt. (PINE-DROPS.)
(1420.) P. andromeda, Nutt. ;
Usually under pines in dry woods. Near Quebec. (Goldie.) Pine
woods along the Gatineau, near Chelsea, Q., in the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Pine woods near the gravel pit, Belle-
ville; pine woods near Canniffton, Hasting Co. ; also near Meyersburg,
Northumberland Co., and along the Humber a little west of Toronto.
(Macoun.) Woods near Cline’s mill west of Hamilton. (Logie.) Near
Niagara Falls, (Hooker.) Near the Whirlpool on the American side
of the Niagara River. It should also be found on the Canadian side.
(David F. Day.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
371. ALLOTROPA, Torr. & Cray.
(1421.) A. virgata, Torr. & Gray.
Under oaks, &c. Cascade Mountains. (Gray.) Somewhere in
southern British Columbia. (Cowley.)
372. MONOTROPA, Linn. (INDIAN PIPE, PINE SAP.)
(1422.) M. uniflora, Linn. Indian Pipe.
Damp woodsnot uncommon. Anticosti, NovaScotia and New Bruns-
wick and westward throughout Quebec and Ontario to the height of
land above Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
373. HYPOPITYS, Scop. (PINE SAP.)
(1423.) H. lanuginosa, Nutt.
Monotropa Hypopitys, Linn, Gray, Man., 305. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1186.
In spruce woods, common on Anticosti; Pirate’s Cove, Gut of Canso,
N.S., and in woods at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Dal-
housie and Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Under spruce, not pine, in College
Woods, Windsor, Hants Co., NS. (How:) Growing in the shade of
pine trees at St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.) Lily Lake, St. John, N.B.
308 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Hay.) In woods, Petitcodiac, Westmorland Co., N.B. (Brittain.)
Very abundant on the slopes of Mount Albert, Gaspé, under spruce
_and birch. (Macoun.) Occasionally met with in damp woods along
the River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) St. Andrews, near Montreal.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Mixed woods, Kennebec, Addington Oo., Ont.;
Rich woods in Brighton and Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Woods near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Malden. (Maclagan.)
Sou-sou-wa-ga-mi Creeks, in moss, amongst balsams, spruces and
birches. (R. Bell.)
LVIII. DIAPENSIACHA. Drapensta Famity.
374. DIAPENSIA,I Linn. (DIAPENSIA.)
(1424.) D. Lapponica, Linn.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Common on hill tops at Caribou, Labrador.
(Butler.) Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspé, altitude nearly 4,000 feet.
(Macoun.) Table Top Mountain, Gaspé. (Porter.) Mouth of Great
Fish River. (Capt. Back.) Whale Island, Arctic America. (Capt.
Parry.) On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and Davis Strait. (Capt.
Markham.) Smith’s Sound, Lat. 73° (Dr. Kane.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
LIX. PLUMBAGINACEA. Leap-worr Famity.
375. STATICE, Linn. (SEA-LAVENDER, MARSH-ROSMARY,)
(1425.) S. Limonium, Linn. Var. Caroliniana, Gray.
S. Caroliniana, Walt. Hook. Fl. IL., 123.
Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Labrador. (Gray.) Beaches at
Boat Harbor, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Halifax Harbor, N.S. (Lawson.)
River Avon at Windsor, N.S. (How.) Marshes near Truro, N.S.
(Macoun.) Common in salt marshes around the coast of New Bruns-
wick. (owler’s,Cat.) Lower St. Lawrence. (Burgess.)
376. ARMERIA, Willd. (THRIFT.’ SEA PINK.)
(1426.) A. vulgaris, Willd. Common Thrift.
Statice Armeria, Linn, Hook. Fl, II., 123.
Sea shores, probably in every latitude; on the extreme Arctic coasts
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 309
and islands ; and in Labrador, Newfoundland and North-west America ;
and the barren country of the interior. (Hooker.) In great profusion
on the summit of Mount Albert, Gaspé, altitude 4,000 feet. Coast of
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher
& Meehan.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
LX. PRIMULACE®. Primrose Fantty.
377. PRIMULA, Linn. (PRIMROSE.)
(1427.) P. farinosa, Linn. Bird’s Eye Primrose.
P. Scotica, Hook. FI. II., 120.
Crevices of rocks and exposed points along the sea, lakes or rivers.
Labrador. (Butler.) Rather rare at Harrington Harbor and on the
neighbouring islands, Labrador. (W. &. Stearns.) Abundant on
Anticosti, west side. (dfacoun.) Near Annapolis, N.S. (McKay.)
Hall’s Harbor, King’s Co., N.S. (How.) Shore of Kennebeccasis, N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Mouth of the Restigouche, near Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.) Very abundant, in crevices of rocks, along the Gaspé
coast from Cape Rosier to Matane. (Macoun.) Quebec, Island of
Orleans. (Thomas.) Temiscouta, Q. (Burgess.) Shore of Red Bay,
Lake Huron; and north-east coast of Lake Superior; also around
Lake Nipigon. Very abundant in the beds of small brooks and
around the margins of ponds from Manitoba westward through the
prairie region to the Rocky Mountains. Many specimens are from 12
to 18 inches high and very stout, producing often over thirty flowers
in a capitate cluster. These are as mealy as the Gaspé specimens,
while those from Anticosti are also tall and stout but almost glabrous.
(Macoun.) Moose Mountain Creek and in profusion on the greater
part of the Souris Plain. (J. M Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
(1428.) P. Mistassinica, Michx.
P. stricta, Hornem. Rothr. Alask., 451.
P. Hornemanniana, Hook. FI. IT., 120.
Wet banks and shores abundant but local. It grows at Bonne Espé-
rance and neighboring islands and at Forteau. Labrador. (Butler.)
On a wet bank along a small brook at Truro, N.S. (Macoun & Camp-
bell.) Near St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Up the Dartmouth and
other rivers of Gaspé. (J. Bell.) Rocks along the sea shore at Riviére-
du-Loup. (Thomas.) Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.) North-
east shore of Lake Huron at Red and Chicken bays; very common
310 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
around Lake Superior, and westward to the Red Deer River at the head
of Lake Winnipegoosis where it grows in profusion around salt
springs. (Macoun.) Canada to Great Bear Lake. (Richardson.) West
to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Kotzebue Sound. (othr.
Alask.) West of the Mackenzie River. (Dease.) Ungava Bay.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
(1429.) P. borealis, Duby.
Alaska and islands to Kotzebue Sound, &c. (Gray.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1430.) P. Sibirica, Jacq. ‘
Barren country between Lat. 60° and 69°, in clayey soil, by river
banks and in marshy grounds. (Richardson.) Northern North-west
Coast and islands. (Gray.) Fort Confidence, Lat. 65° 55’, Long. 118°
48’. (Dease.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1481.) P. nivalis, Pall.
Ounalashka to Behring’s Straits and St. Paul’s Island. (Gray.)
Islands of Ounalashka and St. Lawrence, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.) Cape Newenham. (Welson.) Mount Edgecomb, Alaska.
(Menzies. )
(1432.) P. cuneifolia, Ledeb.
P. saxifragefolia, Lehm, Hook, FI, II., 121.
Aleutian Islands to Behring’s Straits. (Gray.) Ounalashka.
( Menzies.) Cape Newenham. (Welson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Capt.
Beechy.) :
(1433.) P. vulgaris, Huds. Common Primrose.
Well established in meadows in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. May, 1875. (Macoun.)
(1434.) P. officinalis, Linn. Cowslip.
P. vera, Linn. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1203.
Well established in meadows about a mile inland from North Sydney,
Cape Breton; also in meadows at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
' GATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 311
378. ANDROSACE, Linn.
(1435.) A. Chamezejasme, Host.
Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains from Lat. 49° to the Arctic
coast, Behring’s Straits, and islands. (Gray.) In the bed of Bow
River at Morley and thence into the Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Heights of the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Fort Norman to the Arctic
coast. (Richardson.) Islands of Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Cape
Newenham. (Welson.) Kotzebue Sound to Wainwright Island.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1436.) A. occidentalis, Pursh.
Generally on dry gravelly or sandy soil. Sandy island at the mouth
of Rainy River. (Macoun.) Base of Pembina Mountain, 49th paral-
lel ; also on a gravel ridge along the Belly River west of Fort McLeod.
(Dawson.) On arid soil, Spence’s Bridge, Thompson River, B.C.
(Macoun.)
(1437.) A. septentrionalis, Linn.
From the Saskatchewan to the heights of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) North to Lat. 68° on the Mackenzie River. ( Richardson.)
Along the Saskatchewan near Fort Pitt; Bad Hills south of Kagle Hills,
and gravel ridges in the Cypress Hills and along the Bow River near
Morley ; frequent along the railway from Brandon westward. (Macoun.)
South of Moose Mountains, and abundant on the Souris Plain,
SJ. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Winnipeg and North-west Angle
Road ; near Badger Creek, on the prairie; and on the prairie near
Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Very abundant and tall in
the Athabasca district and westward into northern British Columbia.
(Macoun.) West summit of the North Kootanie Pass ; also, Curt-ya
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound and Chamisso Island, and
Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.) Between the Coppermine River and
Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31’ west. (Dease.)
379. DOUCLASIA, Lindl.
(1438.) D. nivalis, Lindl.
Near the sources of the Columbia at an elevation of 12,000 feet above
the level of the sea. (Douglas.)
312 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.’
(1439.) D. arctica, Hook.
Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers.
(Richardson.)
380. DODECATHEON, Linn. (AMERICAN COWSLIP.)
(1440.) D. Meadia, Linn.
D. integrifolium, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 118.
Grassy moist prairies. Abundant at and near Brandon and westward
to Moose Jaw Creek ; boggy ground west of the Touchwood Hills ; in
the valley of Bow River at Morley. (Macoun.) Moose Mountain
Creek and Souris Plain. (J. M Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Near Turtle
Mountain, on the prairie, also near Badger Creek and westward to the
Rocky Mountains on the 49th parallel ; Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge.
-(Dawson.) Near Carlton and on prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Var. macrocarpum, Gray.
Damp grassy places at Victoria, Vancouver Island; also, at the base
of the cliffs close to Yale, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.) Vicinity of
Victoria. (Dawson & Fletcher.) From Lat. 49° to Alaska. (Gray.)
Sitka, Kotzebue Sound, and Cape Lisburne. (othr. Alask.)
Var. lancifolium, Gray.
On an island at Kanaka Bar, Fraser River, B.C., not elsewhere seen.
(Hill.) This form has both leaves and stem covered with glandular
hairs as well as the pedicels and calyx.
" Var. frigidum, Gray.
D. frigidum, Cham & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. IL, 119.
West side of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Capt. Beechy.) Arctic seashore. (Capt. Back.)
Var. latilobum, Gray.
D. dentatum, Hook. FI IT., 119 (?).
Somewhere near the Columbia. (Douglas.) Cascade Mountains,
British Columbia or Washington Territory. (@ray.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 313
381. TRIENTALIS, Linn. (STAR-FLOWER.,)
(1441.) T. Americana, Pursh. Chickweed Wintergreen.
T. Europea, Michx. Fl. I., 200.
Damp grassy woods, quite common. Newfoundland, Labrador,
Anticosti and the Maritime provinces, westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario, and through the wooded country to Lake Manitoba.
(Macoun.) West to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
(1442.) T. Europoea, Linn.
Along the Thompson River above Lytton, B.C. (Dawson.) Near
Stuart Lake, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Cassiar, B.C.
(Cowley.) Sitka and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Sitka. (Meehan.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Var. arctica, Ledeb.
f. arctica, Fischer. Hook. Fl. IL, 121.
Mountains from Lat. 49° to Aleutian Islands and Behring’s Straits.
(Gray.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Near McLeod’s Lake,
northern British Columbia, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) Iltasyouco River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Western shores and islands from Sandy Bay in
Clarence Straits to Ounalashka. (Hooker.) Kanesburg, Alaska.
(Mechan.) Remarkable for its glandular pedicels.
Var. latifolia, Torr.
T. latifolia, Hook. Fi. II., 121.
North-west Coast. (Hooker.) Damp thickets, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
382. STEIRONEMA, Raf. (LOOSESTRIFE.)
(1443.) S. ciliatum, Raf.
Lysimachia ciliata, Linn. Gray, Man., 315. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1211.
In damp thickets from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward
throughout Quebec and Ontario, thence westward to the prairie region
where it is extremely abundant near small ponds and through the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast.
(1444.) S. lanceolatum, Gray.
Lysimachia lanceolata, Walt. Gray, Man., 315. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1217.
Low grounds and thickets, western Ontario. (Gray.) Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (Day.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
314 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1445.) S. longifolium, Gray.
Lysimachia longifolia, Gray, Man., 316. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1215.
L. revoluta, Nutt. Hook. FI. IT, 122.
Banks of streams, Lake Winnipég to Niagara. (Gray.) Frequent
in crevices of rocks at Niagara Falls and swampy shore of Lake Huron
at Red Bay; also, marshes at Point Edward near Sarnia. (JMacoun.)
Swamp near Niagara Falls and vicinity of London. (Burgess.) Islands
in the Detroit River, and at Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Colling-
wood, Ont. (Logie.)
383. LYSIMACHIA, Linn. (LOOSESTRIFE.)
(1446.) L. quadrifolia, Linn.
Sandy or gravelly soil, not common, New Brunswick. (Gray.)
Rocky woods, Grimsthorpe, Addington Co., and Elziver, Hastings
Co.; also, Rice Lake Plains and at Port Dover Junction, near Lake
Erie. (Macoun.) East Flamboro’, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Burgess & Fowler.)
Point Albino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
(1447.) L. stricta, Ait.
L. racemosa, Lam. Michx. Fl. I., 128.
Common in low meadows along brooks and rivers from Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, westward throughout Quebec and
Ontario to six miles westof Thunder Bay. (Macoun.) Newfoundland
to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.)
(1448.) L. punctata, Lion. £. verticillata, English Botany.
L. verticillata, Bieb. DC. Prodr. Vol. VIII., 65.
Quite common along roadsides and in fields near Annapolis, N.S. ;
also in some old gardens at Belleville, Ont. Very likely introduced
from France. (Macoun.)
(1449.) L. nummularia, Linn. Moneywort.
Sparingly naturalized in old gardens and by brooks in lawns and
parks. Old gardens at Belleville and Campbellford, Ont. (Macoun.)
Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1450.) L. thyrsiflora, Linn.
L. capitata, Pursh Fl, I., 135.
Swamps and by cold brooks or in springs from Nova Scotia, and New
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 315
Brunswick, westward throughout Canada to the Pacitic and northward
to the Mackenzie River and north-westward to Alaska.
384. CLAUX, Linn. (SEA MILKWORT.)
(1451.) G. maritima, Linn.
Salt marshes along the coast of the Atlantic and Gulf of St. Lawrence
from Newfoundland and Labrador to the coast of Maine. Common
in the prairie region on the borders of saline lakes and marshes, also
in the interior of British Columbia and along the coast in marshes to
Alaska.
385. ANACALLIS, Linn. (PIMPERNEL.)
(1452.) A. arvensis, Linn.
Naturalized in a few places. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Ballast heaps and along the harbor, Pictou, N.S. (Macoun
& McKay.) Digby, Granville and Annapolis, N.S. (How.) St.
Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.) Ballast heaps, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) On the sides of the
streets in Kingston, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess. )
386. CENTUNCULUS, Linn. (CHAFFWEED.)
1453.) ©. minimus, Linn.
C. lanceolatus, Michx. FI. I., 93.
Low damp places on the prairie, at the Bad Hills south-east of the
Eagle Hills; also near the Hand Hills, and in damp spots at Reed Lake
west of Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.)
387. SAMOLUS, Linn. (BROOKWEED, WATER PIMPERNEL.)
(1454.) S. Valerandi, Linn. Var. Americanus, Gray.
8S. Valerandi, Linn. Hook. Fl. Il., 122.
Wet places especially in or along spring brooks. Muddy shore of a
small brook at Kouchibougauc, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Swamps between Canniffton and Belle-
316 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
ville, and in a swamp, one mile east of Campbellford, Northumberland
Co., Ont.; also along Indian River, near Owen Sound. (Macoun.) St.
Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.) In the vicinity of Hamiltoh, Ont.
(Buchan.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of
Toronto. (Fowler.) Mount Edgecomb, North-west Coast. (Scouler.)
LXI. OLEACEA. Ottve Famtty.
388. FRAXINUS, Linn. (ASH.
(1455.) F. Americana, Linn. (White Ash.)
F. epiptera, Michx. Hook. Fl. I, 50.
F. acuminata, Lam. Pursh Fl. I, 9.
Rich woods, becoming a fine tree both in the forest and along old
fences. Not very common in Nova Scotia, but rather more so in New
Brunswick, increasingly so in Quebec, and quite common in Ontario
where it is a valuable and important tree. Whycocomah, Cape Breton,
is its eastern limit as far as known, and its western one at Owen Sound,
but it is likely to be found much farther west.
(1456.) F. pubescens, Lam. Red Ash or River Ash,
On alluvium along rivers and margins of lakes, not in swamps. A
fine tree with light easily splitting wood often named “Rim Ash”
on this account. Halifax, N.S. (Lawson) Not noticed in New
Brunswick. Vicinity of Montreal ; also Beauharnois Co., Q., and at
Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Gatineau Point and other
suitable localities in the vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher & Whyte.)
Not uncommon at Prescott, Ont. (Buillings.) River banks and margins
of lakes throughout Ontario and westward to Red Deer River at the
head of Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53° and in the valleys of the Red
and Assiniboine rivers,
(1457.) F. viridis, Michx. Green Ash.
F. Americana, Hook. FI. IL, 51.
F. Caroliniana, Pursh FI. I., 9.
F. juglandifolia, Willd. Pursh FI. I., 9.
Valley of Sydenham River, near Owen Sound, Ont. ; valleys of the
Assiniboine and Red rivers west to Shell River above Fort Ellice.
Dirt Hills along the margin of the Souris Plain. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.) The distribution of this and the preceding
species is not very well understood, and collectors are earnestly
requested to pay more attention to trees in their collecting of specimens.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 317
(1458.) F. quadrangulata, Michx. Blue Ash.
Abundant on Pelee Island and Pelee Point, Lake Erie, and possibly
on other points on the shores of that lake. (Macoun.)
(1459.) F. Oregana, Nutt. Oregon Ash,
F. pubescens, Willd. Var. 8. Hook. Fl. IL, 51.
Seen growing at Victoria, Vancouver Island. Indigenous. [?]
(Meehan.) The specimens seen by Mr. Meehan are introduced, but
the tree is probably indigenous in the lower valley of Fraser River, B.C.
(1460.) F. sambucifolia, Lam. Black or Swamp Ash.
Swamps and river bottoms from Anticosti, on Becscie River through-
out Canada to the western side of Lake Superior, where it ascends the
Kaministiquia River, about two miles; also on Nipigon River and
east side of Nipigon Lake. This is the most plentiful tree of the series
and in Ontario grows to an immense size.
389. LICUSTRUM, Linn. (PRIVET.)
(1461.) L. vulgare, Linn.
Scarcely naturalized, but occasionally met with in old gardens and
along fences near where houses have stood. Well established near
Clifton, Niagara Falls. (David F. Day.) Naturalized at Delaware,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
“LXIL APOCYNACEM. Doasane Famuty.
390. APOCYNUM, Linn.
(1462.) A. androszemifolium, Linn. Spreading Dogbane.
Borders of thickets and along fences and in old fields from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. The form which is most frequently found from
Anticosti throughout Canada, has its leaves pubescent underneath,
while the Rocky Mountain plant is perfectly smooth in every part.
There are three forms of this species.
Var. ineanum, A. DC.
The downy-leaved form which is found eastward.
Var. glabrum,
The normal form, but seems to be wanting in eastern Canada. Koo-
tanie Valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
318 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. pumilum, Gray.
A very low and peculiar round-leaved form which extends north-
ward to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)
(1463.) A. cannabinum, Linn. Indian Hemp.
This species has nearly the same range as the last and the forms
vary just as much. Three forms of this species are likewise recognised.
Var. pubescens,
A. pubescens, Torrey FI. IL, 276.
In the blown sand along the shore of Lake Hrie at Point Pelee.
(Macoun.) Possibly not uncommon.
Var. glaberrimum, DC.
This, we take, as the common eastern form. All our specimens from
the older provinces are of this type.
Var. hypericifolium, Gray.
A. hypericifolium, Ait. Hook. Fl. IL, 52.
Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Frequent
in grassy thickets from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains and British
Columbia. All the forms of these two species should be collected and
examined, so that we may be enabled to speak decisively of their dis-
tribution.
LXII. ASCLEPIADACEA.
391. ASCLEPIAS, Linn. (MILKWEED. SILKWEED.)
(1464.) A. tuberosa, Linn. Pleurisy-root.
Abundant in the vicinity of Belleville and westward towards Tren-
ton, Ont.; Rice Lake Plains and northward into Peterboro’ and
Victoria counties. (Macoun.) Flamboro’ near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Niagara Falls and Malden. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Whirlpool, Niagara River, and
at Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1465.) A. incarnata, Linn. Swamp Milkweed.
A. amena, Willd. Pursh. FI. I., 181.
In marshes and ditches quite common in Ontario. Keswick Valley,
N.B. (Prof. Bailey.) Lower Norton and Hammond River, N.B.
(Brittain.) Charlotte County, N.B. ( Vroom.) Abundant from Quebec
westward to Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 319
(1466.) A. speciosa, Torr.
A. Douglasii, Hook. Fl, I., 53.
Not rare on the prairie from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Border of a stream near Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) Medicine Hat and Maple Creek, Assiniboia. (J. 1 Macoun.)
(1467.) A. Cornuti, Decaisne. Common Milkweed.
A. Syriaca, Linn. Hook. FI. IL, 53.
Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Abundant in fields and borders
of thickets from the Island of Orleans westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario to Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Canada to the Saskatchewan.
(Richardson.)
(1468.) A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. Poke Milkweed.
A. nivea, Sims. Hook. FI. IT., 52.
Borders of woods and old fields at Belleville, Ont., rather rare.
(Macoun.) Rather rare at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Malden and islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.) Port Stanley Railway Track common. (Saunders.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Coldstream, Ont. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
(1469.) A. ovalifolia, Decaisne. Oval-leaved Milkweed.
A. variegata, var. minor, Hook. Fl. IL., 52.
Very abundant throughout Manitoba and westward towards the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Red River Prairie and Pembina
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Moose Mountain and westward
on the Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Plains of the
Red River and banks of the Assiniboine, and west to the Saskatchewan
at Carlton. (Drummond.)
(1470.) A. quadrifolia, Linn. Four-leaved Milkweed.
Dry soil, rare in Ontario. Canada. (Dr. Beck.) Adolphustown,
Bay of Quinte. (A.M. Stark.) Vicinity of Napanee, Ont. (Rev. John
Scott.)
(1471.) A. verticillata, Linn. Whorled Milkweed.
Vicinity of Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Abundant on the alluvial plains of the Red River, and banks of the
Saskatchewan near Fort Carlton. (Douglas.) Sparingly between
Winnipeg and Portage La Prairie. (Macoun.) Stony Mountain, Man.
(Fletcher.)
320 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1472.) A. purpurascens, Linn. Purple Milkweed.
Malden, and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
Excluded Species.
Asclepias obtusifolia, Michx.
A. variegata, Linn.
I have no authentic record of the discovery of these species and in
the absence of specimens. am totally unable to know what species
they represent. The latter was said to have been found at Hamil-
ton, Ont., by the late Judge Logie.
392. ACERATES, Ell. (GREEN MILKWEED.)
(1473.) A. viridiflora, Ell.
Asclepias viridiflora, Raf. Hook. Fl. IL., 58.
On dry or gravelly soil from Niagara Falls westward to the Rocky
Mountains. Head of Lake Erie. (Goldie.) About Fort Carlton.
(Richardson.) On the sand hills near Old Wives Lakes. (Vacoun.)
Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Var. lanceolata, Gray.
Asclepias viridiflora, Raf. Var. lanceolata, Hook. Fl. IL, 53.
On the sand beaches of Point Pelee, Lake Erie; also in numerous
places in Manitoba and North-west Territories. (Macoun.) Ona sand
beach at Point Edward, foot of Lake Huron. (J. Jl. Macoun.) Banks
of the Red River. (Douglas.) About Fort Carlton. (Richardson.)
Var. linearis, Gray.
This variety has linear leaves and low stems; umbels often solitary.
Winnipeg Valley. (Gray.) Banks of the Assiniboine River; Pine
Creek on sand dunes; and on sand hills at the confluence of the
Qu’Appelle and Assiniboine rivers. (-Vacoun.)
LXIV. GENTIANACE.F. Gentian Faizy.
393. SABBATIA, Adns. (AMERICAN CENTAURY.)
(1474.) S. angularis, Pursh.
Rich soil, western Ontario. (Gray.) This species as a Canadian
plant is unknown to me.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 321
394. GENTIANA, Linn. (GENTIAN,)
(1475.) G. ventricosa, Griseb. Hook. FI. II., 65.
Grand Rapids of the Saskatchewan between Cumberland House and
Lake Winnipeg. (Drummond.)
(1476.) G. crinita, Freel.
Vicinity of Quebec and Island of Orleans. (Thomas.) Zwicks Island,
Belleville, Ont. ; Oak Hills, Sidney, Hastings Co., Rice Lake Plains
and Presqu’ile Point, Lake Ontario. (dacoun.) Prince’s Island, near
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Moist woods two miles east of London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Palledeau Islands, northern part of Lake Huron. (R. Bell.)
Niagara River. Specimens approaching G. detonsa. (David F. Day.)
Roseau River, along the banks of the stream, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Very abundant on grassy prairie three miles north of Livingstone, on
Swan River, Lat. 52°. (Macoun.) Toronto Island. (Burgess & Fowler.)
1477.) G. serrata, Gunner.
G. detonsa, Fries. Hook. Fl. II., 64. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1481.
Wet grounds, by streams, and on rocks, Newfoundland. (G@ray.)
Abundant but very short and branching at South-west Point and Salt
Lake, Anticosti. -(/Macoun.) Island of Orleans, in the St. Lawrence.
(Thomas.) On rocks close to Niagara Falls above the cataract ; also
on the shores of Red Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Niagara River,
Navy Island, and Sandwich. (Maclagan.) Along the Maitland River
near Goderich. (James Macnab.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Along the south fork of Belly River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Abun-
dant in the valley of the Bow River from the Blackfoot Crossing to
Morley ; and along the North Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and
Edmonton. (Macoun.) From Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan to
the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Cumberland House to
Slave and Bear lakes and northward to the Arctic Sea. (ichardson.)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie River and Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1478.) G. tenella, Rottb. Hook. Fi. IL, 63.
At Behring’s Strait, on the shore of the sea at Kotzebue Sound.
(Chamisso.) Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(1479.) G. auriculata, Pall.
Islands between north-eastern Asia and America and possibly on the
North-west American coast. (Gray.)
9
322 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1480.) G. Amarella, Linn. Var. acuta, Hook. f.
G. acuta, Michx. Hook. Fl. IL, 63. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1430.
Labrador and Lower Canada to Alaska and southward along the
Rocky Mountains to Lat. 49°. (Gray.) On flats, Caribou, Labrador.
(Butler.) South-west Point, and at Jupiter River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) At the mouth of the Restigouche, N.B. (Chalmers.)
Island Falls, mouth of St. John River, N.B. (Hay.) Keswick
Ridge, N.B. (G. H. Burnett.) Coast of Gaspé from Cape Rosier to
Ste. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.) Trois Pistoles, Q., at the coast.
(D. A. P. Watt.) Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) From the Lake of the
Woods (Macoun.) across the whole interior to Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) AtSt. Francis, Metapedia, N.B. (Fletcher.)
Var. stricta, Watson.
G. acuta, Michx. Var. stricta, Hook. Fl. IL., 63.
Frequent on open grassy prairies from Winnipeg westward to
the Rocky Mountains. Easily distinguished by its strict habit and
usually copious and light colored flowers. (Macoun.) Turtle
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
Var. tenuis, Gray.
G. tenuis, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II, 63.
Cumberland House to Bear Lake ; also along the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.)
(1481.) G. aurea, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 61.
G. Aleutica, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. IL, 61.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1482.) G. propinqua, Richards.
On hillsides at Amour and lowlands at Bonne Espérance, Labrador.
(W. A. Stearns.) Labrador. (Gray.) Coast of Hudson Bay west of
York Factory. (&. Bell.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Bourgeau.) Cumberland House to Bear Lake, and Bear Lake River.
(Richardson.) Alpine swamps in Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound, Port Clarence, and Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(1483.) G. arctophila, Griseb.
This species has a var. densiflora like the preceding, but owing to
a paucity of specimens I do not consider it necessary to separate them.
The Rocky Mountain specimens are said to be the variety in this case.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 323
Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Rocky Mountains between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.)
(1484.) G. quinqueflora, Lam.
G. amarelloides, Pursh Fl. I, 186.
Moist hillsides in Ontario. Vicinity of Kingston and Toronto.
(Burgess.) Hillside, Hamilton Township near Cobourg, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (ogie.) Malden, Ont. (Maclayan.)
Delaware, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1485.) G. Douglasiana, Bong.
Alaska to Oregon. (Gray.) In swamps; abundant at Fort Mac-
Loughlin, Millbank Sound, North-west Coast. (Dr. Tolmie.) On the
island of Sitka. (Mertens.) In the marshes of the North-west Coast.
(Scouler.) Cassiar, northern British Columbia. (Cowley)
(1486.) G. humilis, Stev.
Will likely be found in the Rocky Mountains about Lat. 49°.
(1487.) CG. prostrata, Henke.
Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains
between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Bay of Good Hope, Alaska.
(Chamisso.) Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
(1488.) G. glauca, Pall.
Higher and northern Rocky Mountains to Kotzebue Sound. (Gray.)
In the Rocky Mountains between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Klootch-
oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound and Wainwright Inlet.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1489.) &. frigida, Henke.
St. Paul, and Shumgin Islands off the north coast of Alaska. (Gray.)
(1490.) G. calycosa, Griseb.
In the Rocky or Cascade Mountains, Lat. 49°, B.C. (Lyall.)
(1491.) G. platypetala, Griesb. Hook. Fl, IL. 58.
On the Island of Sitka, where it was found during the second expedi-
tion of Capt. Kotzebue. (Hooker.)
(1492.) G. sceptrum, «riseb. Hook. Fl. IL, 57.
In the mountains of southern British Columbia. (Gray.) In the
valley of Pitt River, B.C. (#fill.) Vancouver Island. (Cowley.)
324 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1493.) G. Oregana, Engelm.
Southern boundary of British Columbia, Lat. 49°. (Lyail.)
(1494.) G. affinis, Griseb.
From Carlton to Edmonton along the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) Common on the western
part of the prairie region, and passing into the next to the eastward.
(Macoun.) Near White Mud River, and west of the Souris in the
Missouri Coteau, 49th parallel ; slopes of the South Kootanie Pass and
North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(1495.) G. puberula, Michx.
This species is generally confounded with the preceding, but a careful
examination of all specimens from east of the 110th meridian, places
them under this species. Our most westerly specimens are from 100
miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) Prairie west of Red River.
(Dawson.) On the Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
1496.) G. saponaria, Linn.
Moist woods, western Ontario. (Gray.) Fort Erie, Ont. (David
F. Day.)
(1497.) G. Andrewsii, Griseb.
Moist ground along rivers and brooks. Vicinity of Quebec ; also,
Island of Orleans. (Thomas.) St. Andrews and Gloucester, Q.
(MeGill Coll. Herb.) Common on sand by the side of the River Rouge,
and shores of lakes and swamps, Ottawa Co.,Q. (D’Urban.) Near St.
Louis dam and several other places near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Low banks of the Nation River at the crossing of the St. Lawrence
Railway; also, banks of the Rideau near Kemptville, Ont. (Billings.)
Low grounds along the Salmon River at Shannonville, near the Rail-
way Bridge; banks of the Trent at Campbellford ; and along the
Grand Trunk at Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. Kingston, Chippewa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Fort Erie,
Ont. (David F. Day.) Borders of English’s Creek, near London,
Ont. Low ground, Humber Flats, near Toronto. (Fowler.) Abundant
at Current River, Thunder Bay, near Port Arthur. (Macoun.)
(1498.) G. alba, Muhl.
G. ochroleuca, Freel. Hook. FI. II., 56.
Low grounds and meadows, western Ontario to Lake Superior.
(Gray.) Malden, Ont. (JMaclagan.) Border of a field near Fort
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 325
William, Thunder Bay and sparingly along the north-east coast of
Lake Superior and northward to Lake Nipigon ; also, at Heely Falls
on the Trent, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Humber Flats,
near Toronto. (Fowler.)
(1499.) C. linearis, Freel.
G. saponaria, var. linearis, Grigseb. Hook. Fl. IL, 55.
G. Pneumonanthe, Willd. Pursh Fl. I., 185.
Near Welford Station, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Nashwaaksis,
N.B. (Moser.) Quebec, near Beauport. (Thomas.) In the neighbor-
hood of Quebec and at Lake St. Charles. (Sheppard.) Shewegan Falls,
St. Maurice River. (Maclagan.) Marsh at Chicken Bay, Lake
Huron ; also in marshy meadows at Point Edward near Sarnia, Ont.
(Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
Var. lanceolata, Gray.
Minnesota and along Lake Superior. (Gray.) It is probable that
it is this form which occurs at Lakes Huron and Superior.
395. PLEUROCYNE, Eschsch.
(1500.) P. rotata, Griseb.
Labrador and Hudson Bay to the high north-west coast and Kotzebue
Sound. (Gray.) On the flats at Caribou, and shores of Esquimaux
River, also Bonne Espérance. Labrador. (Butler.) Along the coast
of Anticosti above Jupiter River. Very abundant in the valley of
Little Arm River, Long. 106’ west; and margins of ponds west of
Edmonton on the Saskatchewan ; also, at Tail Creek near Buffalo Lake,
Lat. 52°. (Macoun.) Between Cumberland House and Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.) Kotzebue Sound, River Buckland and Arctic Coast.
(Rothr. Alask.) Newfoundland, Labrador and Mackenzie River.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland. (Hook, Arct. Pl.)
(1501.) P. Carinthiaca, Griseb. Var. pusilla, Gray.
Swertia pusilla, Pursh FI. I., 101.
P. rotata, var. Americana, Hook. FI. IT., 66.
Labrador. (Hooker.) South-west Point, and mouth of Jupiter
River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Riviére-du-Loup, St. Lawrence River, Q.
(Thomas.) Sea shore at Cacouna, Q. (L. D. Mignault.)
326 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
396. SWERTIA, Linn.
(1502.) S. perennis, Linon. Var. obtusa, Griseb.
North-west Coast, (Menzies.) KodiaktIsland, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)
397. FRASERA, Walt. (AMERICAN COLUMBO.)
(1503.) F. Carolinensis, Walt.
F. Walteri, Michx. Fl. L, 97.
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Near Queenston, Ont. (David
F. Day.) On the slopes of Queenston Heights near the railway.
(Macoun.) Along the Great Western Railway east of Paris, Ont.
(Geo. Prescott.)
398. HALENIA, Borckh. (SPURRED GENTIAN.)
(1504.) H. deflexa, Griseb.
Swertia corniculata, Michx. FI. I., 97, not Linn.
Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Miss Brodie.) On the hillsides at Amour
and the lowlands at Bonne Espérance, Labrador. (W. #. Stearns.)
Labrador. (Butler.) Damp woods and barrens, St. John Co. ; and at
Restigouche, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Abundant along the Gaspé coast
and on the summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains. (Macoun.)
Common at Riviére-du-Loup. (Thomas.) Spencer Wood, near Quebec.
(Mrs. Percival.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie) Neighbor-
hood of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Shore of the Georgian Bay at
Collingwood ; also, shore of Red Bay, Lake Huron; and very abundant
around the north shore of Lake Superior; also around Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) Sault Ste. Marie.. (A. Bell.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Norway House to Canada. (Richardson.) Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) From Lake Manitoba westward through the wooded country
to the North Saskatchewan near Edmonton. (Macoun.) Abundant at
Dalhousie, N.B. (Fletcher.)
Var. Brentoniana, Gray.
H. Brentoniana, Griseb. Hook. FI. TI, 68.
H. heterantha, Griseb. Hook. FI. II, 68.
Newfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) South-west Point, Anticosti, and
afew other places on the island. (Macoun.) Harbor Grace, New-
foundland. (McGill Coll, Herb.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 324
399. BARTONIA, Muhl.
(1505.) B. tenella, Muhl.
Centaurella autumnalis, Pursh FI. I., 100.
Open woods, Newfoundland. (Gray.)
400. MENYANTHES, Linn. (BUCKBEAN.)
(1506.) Mi. trifoliata, Linn.
Quite common in bogs, swamps and slow flowing streams from
Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
westward to the Pacific and northward to the Mackenzie, Ounalashka
and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1507.) M. Crista-galli, Menzies.
Villarsia Crista-galli, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 70.
Marshy ground, coast of British Columbia to Alaska. (Gray.)
Port Edgecombe. (Menzies.) Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
401. LIMNANTHEMUM, Cmelin. (FLOATING HEART.)
(1508.) L. lacunosum, Griseb.
Villarsia lacunosa, Vent. Pursh FI. I., 139.
Shallow ponds and lakes not common. At the outlet of a small
lake, two miles from North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Lakes
between Windsor and Halifax. (Rev. J. B. Uniacke.) Several localities
in Kings Co., N.B. (Brittain.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Abun-
dant in a lake near the residence of Mr, King, Salmon River, Queen’s
Co., N.B. (Hay.) Very abundant in the Bushkong lakes ; also in
Cushogg and St. Norah’s lakes, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake
Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Ste. Anne’s near Montreal. (Mrs.
Girdwood.)
LXV. POLEMONIACEA. Pouemontum Famity.
402. PHLOX, Linn. (PHLOX.)
(1509.) P. pilosa, Linn.
Phlox aristuta, Michx. Palliser’s Report, page 259.
Dry sandy woods, western Ontario and west to the Saskatchewan,
328 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Gray.) ? Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Dry, sandy woods near Am-
herstburgh, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)
(1510.) P. divaricata, Linn. Blue Phlox.
Damp woods, quite common in western Ontario. At Casselman on
the Canada Atlantic Railway, 20 miles from Ottawa. (fletcher.)
Rocky woodlands, Carleton Place near Ottawa. (Macoun.) Rocky
woodlands west of Brockville, abundant. (Billings.) Abundant from
Kingston westward to Owen Sound in rich woods.
(1511.) P. subulata, Linn. Ground or Moss Pink.
Dry sandy hills or woods, western Ontario, Sand hills near Simcoe,
Norfolk Cg. (Dr. Micholl.) Near Cayuga, Ont. (Mr. Wilkins.)
(1512.) P. Richardsonii, Hook. Fl. IL, 73.
Arctic Sea coast, July, 1826. (Richardson.) West of the Mackenzie.
(Capt. Pullen.)
(1513.) P. Hoodii, Richards.
Sandy plains and hills of the Saskatchewan from Fort Carlton to the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Hagle and Red Deer Hills on the
Saskatchewan, abundant. (Douglas.) On ridges, Moose Mountain.
(J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Dry gravelly knolls and ridges from
Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains in the northern part of the
prairie region. (Macoun.)
(1514.) P. canescens, Torr. & Gray.
Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) On the more southern
prairies and Cypress Hills. (Mfacoun.) This species and the preceding
flower early in May and have white flowers.
(1515.) P. Douglasii, Hook.
On the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of perpetual snow.
(Douglas.) Wigwam River, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)
Var. diffusa, Gray.
Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.) Coldwater River, Cascade
Mountains above Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) The calyx of this form is
covered with long cobwebby hairs, and is unlike the figure in Hooker
which is identical with the specimens from Wigwam River.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 329
(1516.) P. Sibirica, Linn.
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1517.) P. longifolia, Nutt.
P. speciosa, var. 8. Hook. Fl. IL, 72.
Southern border of British Columbia. (Gray.) Sub-alpine range of
the Rocky Mountains near the margin of perpetual snow. (Douglas.)
(1518.) P. linearifolia, Gray.
P. speciosa, var. a. Hook. Fl. IL., 72.
In the Similkameen Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) The specimens are
perfectly glabrous and the leaves linear and very narrow.
(1519.) P. speciosa, Pursh.
Along the southern border of British Columbia. (Bot. Calif. I., 486.)
403. COLLOMIA, Nutt.
(1520.) C. linearis, Nutt.
On the sands at the mouth of Hel River, Restigouche Co. ; also on
the high rocky hill towards Dalhousie, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat. & Fletcher.)
From Fort Francis on Rainy River across the prairies and westward
to Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) From Lake Winnipeg
across the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia. (Douglas.) From the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin, Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Red River
prairie and westward along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(1521.) C. gracilis, Doug].
Abundant on dry hills in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Hill.)
(1522.) C. heterophylla, Hook.
Southern part of British Columbia. (Gray.)
404. CILIA, Ruiz. & Pav.
(1523.) C,. liniflora, Benth. Var. pharnaceoides, Gray.
G. pharnaceoides, Benth. Hook. Fl. IL, 74.
Southern border of British Columbia. (Gray.)
330 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1524) &. tenella, Benth.
Quite common in spring on gravelly hillsides near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.)
(1525.) G. squarrosa, Hook. & Arn.
Navarretia pungens, Benth. Hook. Fl. IL, 75.
On dry or gravelly slopes, vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Islahd.
(Dawson & Fletcher.)
(1526.) . intertexta, Steud.
Navarretia intertexta, Benth. Hook. FI. II., 75.
G. minima, Gray. Dawson, Bound. Sur. Rep., page 370.
Vicinity of Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) On arid soil
north of the Cypress Hills and at the Red Deer Lakes west of the
Elbow of South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)
(1527.) G. aggregata, Spreng.
G. pulchella, Dougl. Hook. Fl. IL, 74.
Cantua aggregata, Pursh Fl. I., 147.
On dry benches along Whip Saw Creek, near its confluence with the
Similkameen River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1528.) G. minutiflora, Benth.(?)
In the dry interior of British Columbia, between Spence’s Bridge
and Cache Creek on the Thompson River. (Fletcher & Hill.)
(1529.) G. capitata, Dougl.
Cantua parviflora, Pursh FI. IL, 730.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (F'letcher.)
(1530.) G. inconspicua, Dougl.
Cantua parviflora, Pursh FI. II., 730.
On dry hillsides, southern British Columbia. (Gray.)
405. POLEMONIUM, Linn. (GREEK VALERIAN.)
(1531.) P. confertum, Gray.
Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains about Lat. 49°. (Gray.)
Summit of South Kootanie Pass ; and western summit of North Koo-
tanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 331
(1532.) P. humile; Willd.
P. ceruleum, var. humile, Hook. Fl. IL, 71.
From Lat. 66° to the Arctic Sea coast, in deep sand. (Richardson.)
Arctic coast to St. Paul’s and the Shumagin Islands. (Gray.) West
of the Mackenzie River. (Dease.) Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
Var. pulchellum, Gray.
P. ceruleum, vay. pulcherrimum, Hook. FI. II, 71.
P. pulcherrimum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t., 2979.
Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°; also, western summit of
the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) In the bed
and along the slopes of Blackwater River at the crossing of the
Telegraph Trail, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1533.) P. czeruleum, Linn.
P. cxruleum, var. vulgare, Hook. Fl. IL, 71.
Canada. (Sheppard.) Along the base of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Hliguck Lake, north-
ern British Columbia. (Dawson.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow ;
islands of St. George, Ounalashka and Chamisso. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. acutiflorum, Ledeb.
High north-west coast and Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
(1534.) P. micranthum, Benth.
Damp grassy places, above Boston Bar, on the Wagon Road, along
the Fraser, B.C. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
( Fletcher.)
LXVI. HYDROPHYLLACEA. Warer-Lear Famtny,
!
406. HYDROPHYLLUM, Linn. (WATER-LEAF.)
(1535.) H. capitatum, Dougl.
On gravelly hillsides, western summit of the North Kootanie Pass ;
also in the Cascade Mountains on Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1536.) H. Virginicum, Linn.
Woodfield, near Quebec, 1820. (Sheppard.) Nicolet, Montreal and
Eastern ‘Townships. (Maclagan.) Beauharnois Co.,Q. (McGill Coll.
332 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Herb.) Common in rich woods from the River Ottawa westward
throughout Ontario to the Georgian Bay. (Macoun.) North-west coast
of America. (Scouler.) Washington Territory and north to Alaska.
(Gray.)
(1537.) H. Canadense, Linn.
Rich damp woods, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Woods two
miles west of Collingwood ; also in woods at Jones’ Falls, and along
the road leading to Sydenham Falls, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Rich,
woody ravine, Sable, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1538.) H. appendiculatum, Michx.
Damp woodlands, western Ontario. Abundant in thickets on Pelee
Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity
of Cove and elsewhere, around London, Ont. (Burgess & Saunders.)
407. NEMOPHILA, Nutt. (NEMOPHILA.)
(1539.) N. parviflora, Dougl.
N. peduncwlata, Hook. Fl. IT., 79.
Two forms of this species are common in early spring in the vicinity
of Victoria, Vancouver Island. The taller form is identical with speci-
mens from Washington Territory, but the smaller, which has been
raised from seed by Mr. Fletcher is very much branched, and lies pros-
trate on the ground both when cultivated and in a wild state. I very
much doubt their identity.
408. ELLISIA, Linn. (ELLISIA.)
(1540.) E. Nyctelea, Linn.
In thickets where the fire has run through in the southern part of
the prairie region. Eastern crossing of the Souris River, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) In thickets at the base of the Dirt Hills; at the eastern
end of the Cypress Hills and at the head of the Qu’Appelle River and
“River that Turns.” (Macoun.) Along the Saskatchewan. (Bour-
geau.) Source of the White Mud River, Cypress Hills and near Maple
Creek Station, C.P.R., N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 333
409. PHACELIA, Juss. *
(1541.) P. circinata, Jacq. f.
P. hastata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. IL, 80.
P. heterophylla, Pursh F1. I., 140.
Dry gravelly hills and mountains. South Kootanie Pass, and on
gravel slopes at Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains ;
also at Cornwall's, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Dawson.) On gravelly
slopes along the Thompson River between Lytton and Cache Creek.
(Macoun & Fletcher.)
(1542.) P. sericea, Gray.
Eutoca sericea, Lehm. Hook. FI. IL. 79.
Sandy debris of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52-56°. (Drummond.)
Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.) On the lower ledges of the
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
Var. Lyallii, Gray. -
Rocky Mountains in Lat. 49°, at 6-7,000 feet. (Lyall.) Summit of
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; also on the western summit of the
North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(1543.) P. Franklinii, Gray.
Eutoca Franklinii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. IT., 79.
Shores of Lake Superior. (Gray.) On dry sandy hillsides, 20 miles
up the Kaministiquia, not common ; also, abundant on burnt hills left
bank of Nipigon River, four miles below Camp Alexander. (Macoun.)
From the Saskatchewan to English and Bear Lake rivers. (Richard-
son.) In burnt woods from the Grand Rapid of the Saskatchewan to
the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eliguck Lake, northern British
Columbia. (Dawson.)
(1544.) P. Menziesii, Torr.
Eutoca Menziesii, Benth. Hook. Fl. IL, 79.
Hydrophylium lineare, Pursh Fl. L, 134.
Open gravelly or very dry soil. On dry ridges, Milk River,
49th parallel ; along the Flat Head River, and up the Nicola Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) On dry hillsides along the Thompson River above
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.) From Lytton to Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (#letcher.)
334 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
4t0. ROMANZOFFIA, Cham.
(1545.) R. Unalaschkensis, Cham.
Saxifraga nutans, Don. Hook. FI. L, 246.
Unalashka and adjacent islands. (Gray.)
(1546.) R. Sitchensis, Bongard.
Sitka. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Sitka, southward along the coast ranges.
(Gray.)
LXVIJ. BORRAGINACEA. Borage Faatty.
411. HELIOTROPIUM, Linn. (HELIOTROPE.)
(1547.) H. Curassavicum, Linn.
Abundant on the margins of saline or brackish lakes in the south-
western part of the prairie region. On the borders of Gull Lake,
Island Lake, and Stinking Lake north of the Cypress Hills; also
along Hand Hill Lake and other lakes eastward towards the Sas-
katchewan. (Macoun.)
412. PECTOCARYA, DC.
(1548.) P. penicillata, A. DC.
Cynoglossum penicillatum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech, 371.
On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C. The particular spot is between the
Wagon Road and the river at the Forks of the Fraser and Thompson.
(Macoun.)
413. CYNOCLOSSUM, Linn. (HOUNDSTONGUE.)
(1549.) C. officinale, Linn. Common Houndstongue. Sheep Bur.
Sparingly introduced in eastern Quebec, but becoming common at
Montreal. In Ontario it has become a pest. Along roadsides, in
pastures and vacant lots and on the borders of woods which have
lately been burned, it takes the place of everything else and sheep
running at large have their wool filled with its hooked fruit.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 335
¢
(1550.) ©. Virginicum, Linn. Wild Comfrey.
C. ampleaicaule, Michx. Fl. I., 132.
Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) In woods in the vicinity of Gaspé
Basin, Q. (Macoun.) Montreal Mountain. (#olmes.) Calamut and
Beleeil Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) King’s Mountain, Chelsea,
and near Green’s Creek, Ottawa. (Hletcher.) Sandy woods, Rice
Lake Plains, near Castleton ; a little west of Gerow's Tavern, Murray,
Northumberland Co., and near Marmora Village, Hastings Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Galt, Ont. (Miss Crooks.) Very rare in the
neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess d: Saunders.) North shore of
Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) On top of a high clay bank, four miles up
the Kaministiqua River, Thunder Bay ; also, abundant on the Pine
Portage, Nipigon River. (Macoun.) Lake Huron to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond & Dr. Todd.) The western range is doubtful.
(1551.) ©. grande, Dougl. Hook. Fl. IL, 85.
Thick woods near the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(Cowley.) Shady woods, North-west Coast. (Douglas.)
(1552.) ©. ciliatum, Dougl. Hook. FI. IL., 85.
Dry banks of mountain streams, Little Falls of the Columbia
and upwards to the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) To be looked for
in the Rocky Mountains.
414. ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. (STICKSEED.)
(1553.) E. floribundum, Lehm.
Lake Pentanguishene (Georgian Bay) to the Rocky Mountains,
(Drummond.) Lake Winnipeg to British Columbia. (@ray.) Red
River, Turtle and Wood Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Souris’
Plain, and at the source of the White Mud River, Cypress Hills. CJ.
M. Macoun, 0. P. R. Coll.) Thickets at the Red Deer Lakes west of
the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, and in thickets at the eastern
end of the Cypress Hills ; also near McLeod’s Lake, northern British
Columbia, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) In thickets at Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Hill.) ,
(1554.) E. deflexum, Lehm.
Saskatchewan and Winnipeg Valley. (Gray.) Cumberland House
on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Lower slopes of the South Koo-
tanie Pass, 49th parallel; western summit of the North Kootanie
336 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) Thickets along Maple Creek, Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1555.) E. Virginicum, Lehm.
Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC. Gray, Man. 366. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1375.
Myosotis Virginiana, Linn. Pursh FI. I., 134.
Borders of woods lately burnt over and in open thickets. Abundant
from the vicinity of Quebec to the north shore of Lake Superior at
Mamainse. (Macoun.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
(1556.) E. Lappula, Lehm. Small Sheep Bur.
Myosotis Lappula, Willd. Pursh Fl. L, 134.
Extensively naturalized throughout Ontario and a very troublesome
weed in vacant lots in the vicinity of towns and villages. It is curious
that with the exception of a few plants observed by myself at Truro,
Nova Scotia, and a few detected at Eel River, Restigouche Co., N.B.,
by Prof. Fowler, neither it nor the Houndstongue has been noticed in
the Maritime provinces. We have it, however, from the North-West
and British Columbia, where it will soon establish itself.
(1557.) E. Redowskii, Lehm. Var. occidentale, Watson.
E. patulum, Lehm. Hook. FL IL, 84.
Cumberland House to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Common on dry
gravelly places in the prairie region from Manitoba westward.
(Macoun.) Pembina Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Common
in the vicinity of Maple Creek, Cypress Hills. (J 1. Macoun.)
Var. cupulatum, Gray.
Abundant in the dry interior of British Columbia, from above Yale
to Cache Creek and Kamloops. (Macoun, Dawson & Hill.) Dry hills
vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
415. ERITRICHIUM, Schrad.
(1558.) E. nanum, Schrader. Var. aretioides, Herder.
E. aretioides, DC. Prodr. X., 125.
North-west Coast and islands. (Gray.) Cape Lisburne and island
of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
Var. Chamissonis, Herder.
_ E. Chamissonis, DC. Prodr. X., 125.
Island of St. Paul, off the coast of Alaska. (Gray.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 337
(1559.) E. plebeium, A. DC.
Lithospermum plebeium, Cham & Schlecht. in Linn TX., 446.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
(1560.) E. Californicum, DC.
Myosotis Californica, Fisch & Meyer. 1835.
On places where water lies in small pools in the spring ; dry open
prairie west of Hand Hills and north of the Cypress Hills; also near
Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.) Maple Creek, near Cypress Hills.
(J. M. Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver. Island, (Macoun &
Fletcher.)
(1561.) E. Chorisianum, DC.
Myosotis Chorisiana, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. FI. II., 83.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
(1562.) E. fulvum, A. DC.
' Myosotis fulua, Hook. FI. IL, 83.
In ditches in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Dawson.) Cache Creek, B.C. (£ill.)
(1563.) E. tenellum, Gray.
E. fulvum, Watson, Bot. King, 243.
British Columbia. (Gray.) It is quite possible that this species
and the preceding are the same, but without better specimens I cannot
determine their identity.
(1564.) E. leiocarpum, Watson.
Myposotis flaccida, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 82.
Dry soil where water stands in the spring along the Red Deer River
at the Hand Hills; also on dry soil north of the Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.) Dry ground interior of British Columbia, (Hill.& Fletcher.)
(1565.) E. crassisepalum, Torr. & Gray.
Nebraska to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.) I have never seen this
species.
(1566.) E.cglomeratum, DC.
Myosotis glomerata Nutt. Hook. Fl. IT., 82.
Cynoglossumsglomeratum, Pursh FI. II., 729.
Dry gravelly hillsand tops of ridges from Brandon westward across
10
‘
338 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
the prairie region. (Macoun.) Hill of the Murdered Scout and west-
ward along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains, and abundant
on dry plains along Old Man River west of Fort McLeod. (Dawson.)
From Moose Jaw westward to Medicine Hat along the C. P. R.; also
abundant in the Cypress Hills along the sides of coulées. (J. M. Macoun.)
About Fort Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) The leaves
vary very much in old specimens, but the nutlets are never smooth.
Var. humile, Gray.
Rocky Mountains along the 49th parallel at an altitude of 8,000 feet.
(Gray.)
(1567.) E. leucophzeum, A. DC.
Myosotis leucophxa, Doug].
British Columbia. (Gray.) Probably along the southern boundary.
416. AMSINCKIA, Lehm.
(1568.) A. intermedia, Fisch. & Meyer.
Echium Menziesii, Lehm. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1378.
Dry gravelly hillsides at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Dawson.)
(1569.) A. lycopsoides, Lehm. Var. bracteosa, Gray.
Lithospermum lycopsoides, Lehm. Hook. FI. IT., 89.
Vicinity of Victoria, along the coast of Vancouver Island. Ap-
parently quite common. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
417, MERTENSIA, Roth. (SMOOTH LUNGWORT.)
(1570.) M. maritima, Don. Sea Lungwort.
Tithospermum maritimum, Lehm. Hook. FI. II., 86.
Pulmonaria parviflora, Pursh FI. I., 181.
Gravelly beaches along the sea shore of our Atlantic coast, Gulf of
St. Lawrence and Hudson Bay and westward at various points on the
Arctic Coast to the Pacific and southward on sea beaches to Lat. 49°.
(1571.) M. Virginica, DC.
Pulmonaria Virginica, Linn. Pursh Fl. I., 130.
Alluvial banks. Point Albino at the foot of Lake Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 339
(1572.) M. oblongifolia, Don.
Lithospermum marginatum, Lehm. Hook. FI. II., 86.
Mountains of Montana to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)
(1573.) M. Sibirica, Don.
Tathospermum denticulatum, Lehm. Hook. FI. IL, 87.
Pulmonaria Sibirica, Pursh FI. II., 729.
Mertensia ciliata, Don. DC. Prodr. X., 92.
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Doubtless on the mountains of
British Columbia.
Var. Drummondii, Gray.
Lithospermum Drummondii, Lehm. Hook. FI. IL., 86.
Mertensia Drummondii, Don. Syst. IV., 319.
Arctic seashore. (Richardson.)
(1574.) M. paniculata, Don.
M. pilosa, DC. X., 92. Agassiz, Lake Superior.
Lithospermum paniculatum, Lehm. Hook. FI. II., 87.
L. corymbosum, Lehm. Hook. FI. IL, 87.
Pulmonaria paniculata, Ait. Pursh FI. I., 131.
Very abundant around Thunder Bay and at many points on the
shores of Lake Superior. (Macoun & Burgess.) From Fort William
to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) In woods along Lakes Mani-
toba and Winnipegoosis, and up the Red Deer River, Lat. 53°.
(Macoun.) West coast of Lake Winnipeg. (Capt. Back.) Hast side
of Lake Winnipeg at Observation Point. (J. M. Macoun.) North Fork
of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains; also in the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°.
(Dawson.) Saskatchewan to Hudson Bay and westward to Bear Lake
(Richardson.) York Factory and up the Nelson River ; also, Echis-
namish River to Oxford House. (R. Bell.) Kotzebue Sound and Fort
Youcon. (othr. Alask.) Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon
River. (Schwatka.)
(1575.) M. lanceolata, DC.
Pulmonaria lanceolata, Pursh FI. II., 729.
Mertensia alpina, Gray,in Am. Journ. Sci., in part.
Hillsides from Dakota to Wyoming. (Gray.) Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Burgess.) Souris Plain near the 49th parallel.
(Creelman, C. P. R. Coll.)
340 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
418. MYOSOTIS, Linn. (FORGET-ME-NOT.)
(1576.) M. laxa, Lehm.
M. palustris, var. micrantha, Hook. FI. II., 81.
M. cxspitosa, var. laxa, DC. Prodr. X., 105.
M. palustris, var. laxa, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 365. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1363.
Abundant in ditches and small brooks. Harbor Grace, Newfound-
land. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Near Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Windsor,
N.S. (How.) Pictou, N.S. (MecKay.) Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.)
In wet ditches at Point Le Nim, Restigouche Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
In ditches near Matane, Lower St. Lawrence. (Macoun.) In ditches
at Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Inditches around Belleville, quite common; also
on both sides of the Bay of Quinte. (Macoun.) Chippawa and
Thorold. (Maclagan.) Wet places, Hamilton, Niagara Falls and
London. (Burgess.) Wet places at Hamilton, Ont. (ZLogie.) Near
Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
(1577.) M. palustris, With.
In wet ground, probably introduced. (Gray.) Vicinity of Halifax,
N.S. (Lawson & Sommers.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Dalhousie, N.B.;
also Ladner’s Landing on the Lower Fraser, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(1578.) M. sylvatica, Hoffm. Var. alpestris, Koch.
M. alpestris, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 81.
Summit of the South Kootanie Pass ; also the eastern summit of the
North Kootanie Pass; and at the summit of the Pine River Pass,
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Common in the Rocky Mountains, between Lat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Arctic seasho:e. (Richardson) Mackenzie
River, near Fort Simpson, Lat. 62° 30’. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Cape
Lisburne and Arctic coast. (Rothr. Alask.) West of Mackenzie
River, Lat. 71°, Long. 154° west. (Dease.)
(1579.) M. arvensis, Hoffm.
Fields in low grounds, New Brunswick, perhaps not native. (Gray.)
Parrsboro’, Cumberland Co., N.S. (How.) On waste heaps et Bed-
ford, N.S. (Macoun.) Spreading from a garden at Bass River, Kent
Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) St. Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.) Along
roadsides at London and Parry Sound, Georgian Bay, Lake Huron.
(Burgess.) Certainly introduced in Ontario.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 341
(1580.) M. verna, Nutt.
Myosotis stricta, Gray, Man. Ed. I., not Link.
Very common on dry rocky ground on both sides of the Bay of
Quinte, at Ox Point and Massassaga Point ; also on Gibson’s Moun-
tain, four miles from the Ferry House, opposite Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Var. macrosperma, Chapm.
M. versicolor, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 81.
On dry gravelly hillsides in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.) Near Cache Creek, B.C. A very small form.
(Hill.)
419. LITHOSPERMUM, Linn. (GROMWELL.)
(1581.) L. arvense, Linn. Corn Gromwell.
Naturalized in waste grounds and cultivated fields amongst wheat ;
also spreading along railways. Apparently unknown in the eastern
provinces, but abundant from Montreal westward throughout Ontario.
(1582.) L. officinale, Linn.
Naturalized by roadsides and in old pasture fields and on commons;
growing in clumps. Montreal and St. Rémi and numerous places
around Montreal, abundant. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Fraserville, Q.
(Thomas.) Frequent by roadsides and in cities and towns throughout
Ontario.
(1583.) L. latifolium, Michx.
Open ground and borders of thickets, western Ontario. (Gray.)
Bois Blanc and other islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Alluvial
flats along the River Thames at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1584.) L. pilosum, Nutt.
L. ruderale, Doug]. Hook. FI. IL. 89.
On dry gravelly hillsides. Ridges north of Cypress Hills; and at
Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge, south east of Fort McLeod. (Dawson.)
Dry gravelly hillsides near Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
The British Columbia specimens are much less hairy than the eastern
ones and in this respect agree with those from California.
342 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1585.) L. canescens, Lehm. Puccoon of the Indians. (Gray.)
Batschia canescens, Michx. FI. I., 130.
L. sericewm, Lehm. Hook. Fi. IT., 88.
Plains and open sandy woods. On the sands of Wellington Beach,
Prince Edward Co., Ont.; and very abundant along the Grand Trunk
Railway near Sarnia. (Macoun.) Malden and Sandwich, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.) Sandy soil near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Common on the
Burford Plains, Brant Co., Ont. (Yates.) Two miles below Kaka-
beka Falls on the Kaministiquia River ; at the mouth of Rainy River,
and westward across the prairie to the South Saskatchewan. Abundant
in Manitoba and especially south of Brandon on the Souris Plain.
(Macoun.) Red River Prairie and Pembina Mountain on the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Aichardson.)
(1586.) L. hirtum, Lehm.
Batschia Gmelini, Michx. F1. I., 130.
Port Erie and Point Albino, at the outlet of Lake Erie. (David F.
Day.) On the sandy beach of Pelee Point, Lake Erie, in large tufts.
(Macoun.) In the vicinity of Sarnia, River St. Clair, Ont. (Burgess.)
Upper Canada. (Goldie.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd) Long Point,
Lake Erie. 1843. (Macnab.) Bosanquet, shore of Lake Huron, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.) Point Edward,
near Sarnia, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1587.) L. angustifolium, Michx.
Batschia longiflora, Pursh Fl. I., 132.
LL. incisum, Lehm. Hook. Fi. IL, 87.
LI. Mandanense, Hook. FI. IL, 88.
Pentalophus longiflorus and P. Mandanensis, A. DC. Prodr. X., 87.
Banks of the Saskatchewan to Lat. 55° (Richardson.) Along the
Eagle and Red Deer rivers (hills ?) ; also in the valleys of the Rocky
Mountains, near the sources of the Athabasca. (Drummond.) Abundant
from Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Souris
Valley, 49th parallel ; on top of gravel ridge, Verdigris Coulée, north
of Milk River ; also, Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of the
Thompson River from Lytton to Cache Creek ; Crossing of the Black-
water River, Telegraph Trail, B.C. (MMacoun.)
420. ONOSMODIUM, Michx.
(1588.) ©. Carolinianum, DC.
Alluvial soil in river bottoms; growing inclumps. At Belleville, on
commons, along the Moira River; also in Cold Creek Valley at Wooler,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 343
Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Brantford, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Not uncommon in the valley of the Thames at London, Ont. (Saunders
& Burgess.)
Var. molle, Gray.
Onosmodium molle, Michx. FI. I., 133.
O. hispidum, Michx. Bourgeau in Palliser’s Report, p. 259.
Vicinity of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) On the Bow River at the Blackfoot Crossing east of Cal-
gary. (Macoun.)
(1589.) O. Virginianum, DC.
O. hispidum, Michx. FI. I., 183.
Hillsides and banks. Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Island
of Orleans near Quebec. (Zhomas.) I suspect Dr. Thomas means
Lithospermum officinale in the above quotation.
421. SYMPHYTUM, Linn. (COMFREY.)
(1590.) S. officinale, Linn.
This plant is naturalized in most of the older settlements, but does
not spread. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) In
waste places at Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Apparently naturalized
in St. John Cemetery, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Montreal Mountain ;
Cowansville, Eastern Townships, Q.; and St. Thomas, Ont. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Rideau Rifle-range, Ottawa, and at Buckingham, Q.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Roadsides and old neglected gardens, Northumber-
land Co., Ont.; also along the streets of Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)
Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders &
Burgess.) Our form is the Var. patens of Smith’s English Botany.
422. LYCOPSIS, Linn. (BUGLOSS.)
(1591.) L. arvensis, Linn.
Dry waste grounds naturalized principally eastward. On ballast
heaps, Pictou, N.S. (dMacoun.) Sand Beach, Hel River, Restigouche
Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) On the beach at Rustico, Prince Edward
Island; also at Kamouraska, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Occasionally
seen in fields and waste places along the Gaspé coast up to Métis.
(Macoun.) Occasionally about dwellings, Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) -
344 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Montreal Mountain. (Maclagan.) Sandy fields in the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In the streets of Kingston near the
Court House, Ont. (Macoun.)
423. ECHIUM, Linn. (VIPER’S BUGLOSS, BLUEWEED.)
(1592.) E. vulgare, Linn.
Roadsides and sandy pasture fields, naturalized and spreading. Near
New Glasgow, N.S. (How.) Quaco and Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.)
Abundant in sandy pasture fields near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Roadsides, common and abundant on sand-banks, a few miles north of
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Roadsides near Belleville and in pastures
near Albert College; also on the Oak Hills and at Stirling, Hastings
Co. ; in farmers’ lanes and along roadsides near Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.) Banks of the Thames, near London, common. Flowers
both blue and white. (Saunders & Burgess.) Delaware and Lobo,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Spreading in a wonderful manner in
West Toronto and Brocton, on the dry sand. There are acres of it
annually. (owler.)
424. BORRACO, Linn. (COMMON BORAGE.)
(1593.) B. officinalis, Linn.
A garden escape in some places in Nova Scotia. (Zindsay.) In the
streets of Brighton village, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Growing in the township of Mariposa on the gravel road near Grass-
hill, where it appears to be completely naturalized. Seeds very likely
brought from Devonshire by immigrants who settled in the neighbor-
hood. (Fowler.)
LXVIII. CONVOLVULACEA. Binpweep Famity.
425. IPOMGA, Linn. (MORNING GLORY.)
(1594.) 1. purpurea, Lam. Common Morning Glory.
An escape from cultivation, but seldom becoming established. Near
dwellings at Windsor, N.S. (How.) Frequent on waste heaps and
near dwellings at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 345
(1595.) I. pandurata, Meyer. Man-of-the-earth.
Convolvulus panduratus, Michx. Hook. Fl. IL., 77.
Dry ground, western Ontario. (Gray.) In deep, warm, gravelly
soil, at the southern end of Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
426. CONVOLVULUS, Linn. (BINDWEED.)
(1596.) €. Soldanella, Linn.
7 Calystegia Soldanella, R. Br. DC. Prodr. IX., 433.
“~~~ Sands of the Pacific coast to Puget Sound. (Gray.) It probably
reaches British Columbia.
(1597.) C. spithamzeus, Linn.
Calystegia spithamea, Pursh. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376. Macoun’s
Cat., No. 1407.
C. tomentosa, Pursh. Fl. I., 434.
Convolvulus stans, Michx. FI. L., 136.
Dry gravelly hillsides and open woods. Pennant, N.S. (Sommers.)
Hills of St. Maurice,Q. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
Ott.) Grand Trunk gravel pit west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Dry
gravelly hillsides and borders of fields, common, Hastings and Northum-
berland counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Common on gravelly soil in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders &
Burgess.) Gravel ridges, north shore of Lake Superior ; also, sandy
hillsides, 20 miles up the Kaministiquia River and farther up the river
and within the limits of Port Arthur. On the Souris Plain near the
source of Pile of Bones Creek. (Macoun.) Red River Prairie at
Emerson, 49th parallel ; also, banks of Belly River. (Dawson.) Canada
to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
(1598.) ©. sepium, Linn. Bracted Convolvulus.
Calystegia sepium, R. Br. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1406.
Moist alluvial soil, generally along rivers. Flowers generally white
or tinged with rose-color, peduncles elongated, bracts mostly acute.
Chelsea Road, 5 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
Var. Americanus, Sims.
Calysteyia sepium, var. rosea, Choisy. DC. Prodr. IX., 483.
Same situations as the last, but distinguished by the corolla being
pink, or rose purple, and the bracts obtuse. All references are placed
under the variety as we have no means at present of judging which
346 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
form is meant. Neighborhood of Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Parrsboro’, Cumberland Co., N.S. (How.) Rather
common near the coast, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout
Ontario, and extending westward to the Kaministiquia River, Thunder
Bay. (Macoun.)
Var. repens, Gray.
Calystegia sepium, var. pubescens, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376.
In this variety the leaves are more or less pubescent and the bracts
and leaves fringed with soft hairs. Lake of the Woods, Turtle Moun-
tain, and Trader’s Road near Wood Mountain, 49th parallel, all in flower.
On the third prairie steppe it only appears along the borders of streams
in sheltered positions. (Dawson.) Souris and Qu’Appelle rivers.
(J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Frequent in thickets as far west as the
Hand Hills. Long. 112°. (Macoun.) Canada to the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond.)
Var. maritima. (?)
Specimens growing in a brackish marsh and occasionally covered by
spring tides were obtained, near Sydney Mines, Cape Breton, in 1883.
All parts of the plant were very pubescent and quite different from
the pubescent form from the prairie region. On the Magdalen Islands
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Eel River, N.B. (£letcher.)
(1599.) ©. arvensis, Linn. Bindweed.
Naturalized. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun & McKay.)
In cultivated fields rather rare, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Beauharnois
Co., Q., and at Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Near Cumming’s
Bridge, and in the Public Park, Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Bank of
the St. Lawrence, a mile west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Introduced
into gardens at Belleville, with strawberry plants and spreading ;
roadsides near Essex Centre, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) On the
Insane Asylum Farm, Toronto. (Fowler.)
427. CUSCUTA, Linn. (DODDER.)
(1600.) ©. arvensis, Beyrich.
On dry gravelly ridges, Manitoba and westward. Climbing over
low plants of Lygodesmia juncea at Pine Creek, Manitoba, and on
Artemisia frigida on the Cypress Hills. Specimens identified by Dr.
Englemann.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 347
(1601.) C. tenuiflora, Engelm.
From Wisconsin north to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.)
(1602.) C. salina, Engelm.
Saline or brackish marshes of the Pacific coast. (Gray.) On short
stems of Salicornia, in marshes near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)
(1603.) C. Gronovii, Willd.
C.umbrosa, Beyrich. Hook. FI. II., 78, in part.
Wet shady places, especially in the valleys of large or small streams.
Grand Lake near Halifax, N.S. (McKay.) Twining around grass
and other herbaceous plants, mouth of the Kennebecasis, N.B. (fowler’s
Cat.) Wet places, by brooks, St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Boucher-
ville Island, near Montreal. 1821. (olmes.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Border of a small stream, one mile north of
O’Brien’s Bridge, Hastings Co.; border of Cold Creek at Wooler,
Northumberland Co. ; on an island in Cameron’s Lake, near Fenelon
Falls, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Chippawa, and on an island in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
Near Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Common around Lakefield, Ont. (Mrs. Traill.) Norway
House Fort (Drummond.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.) Roseau
River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Climbing over bushes, shore’ of
Lonely Lake, near Lake of the Woods. (R. Bell.)
(1604.) C. compacta, Juss.
Almost always on shrubs, A plant with coarse stems having flowers
nearly two lines long. Credited to Canada by Dr. Gray. Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.)
(1605.) C. epilinum, Weihe.
Introduced. In the vicinity of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Lower St.
Lawrence, doubtless in fields. (Burgess.)
(1606.) C. Trifolii, Bab. Clover Dodder.
Noticed in a field of clover, which it had nearly destroyed, in Vic-
toria Co., Ont. (Fowler.) Introduced with clover seed.
The species of this genus should be carefully collected and both their
habitats and host plants noted.
348 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
LXIX. SOLANACEA. Porato Famiry.
428. SOLANUM, Linn. (NIGHTSHADE.)
(1607.) S. triflorum, Nutt
Around “badger” holes on the prairie, or where the sod has been
broken. In the vicinity of Fort Carlton and at the entrance to “ badger ”’
holes westward to Edmonton. (Drummond.) Very common near
“badger ” holes and along the railways throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.) South of Wood Mountain, not uncommon over a great part
of the second and third prairie steppes. Another form was observed
at the First Crossing of the Souris in low ground, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) Rather common on the Souris Plain, and westward to the
Blackfoot Crossing on Bow River. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1608.) S. nigrum, Linn.
Common in damp shady situations, especially in low woods lately
burnt over. We seem to have two forms: one native which is low
and spreading, and a stouter form which is commonly -in cultivated
grounds. Frequent in suitable localities from the Atlantic provinces
to the Rocky Mountains and perhaps beyond.
(1609.) S. Dulcamara, Linn. Bittersweet.
Near dwellings, around gardens and in fence corners. It is also
frequently found climbing over logs in low wet woods and in the
vicinity of small brooks far from dwellings. Completely naturalized
in Ontario and growing from seeds carried by birds.
(1610.) S. rostratum, Dunal.
S. heterandrum, Pursh FI. I., 156.
Spontaneous within the limits of the city of Ottawa for a number of
years. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
(1611.) $.-Carolinense, Linn.
Sandy and waste grounds near Fort Erie at the foot of Lake Hrie.
(David F. Day.)
429. LYCOPERSICUM, Mill. (TOMATO.)
(1612.) L. esculentum, Mill. Cherry-Tomato.
Frequently spontaneous in gardens. Throughout Ontario tomato
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 349
seeds, that have lain on the ground all winter, vegetate in the spring
and are often transplanted. Spontaneous in one or two places near
Halifax, N.S. (Lindsay.) In this connection I may mention that
potato seeds always grow in the North-west, after lying exposed on the
surface of the ground all winter. While at Battleford, in the summer
of 1879, I saw myriads of plants in an old potato patch, and in October
of the same year found the ground covered with potato balls (fruit)
the seeds of which would certainly grow the next spring. I conclude
from the above that both the Tomato and Potato are perfectly at home
in Canada, and that in our North-west new varieties of potatoes will
yet be produced that will supersede the diseased or weakened ones of
the east.
430. PHYSALIS, Linn. (GROUND CHERRY.)
(1613.) P. Peruviana, Linn. Cape Gooseberry.
Spontaneous in a few places about Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
(1614.) P. grandiflora, Hook.
Shore of the St. Lawrence below Murray Bay. (Sheppard & McGill
Coll. Herb.) Powell’s Grist Mill near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Abundant in new clearings in the northern parts of Addington,
Hastings, Peterboro’ and Victoria counties, Ont.; also quite common
in burnt woods, near Wiarton, Bruce Peninsula; also, along the C.P.R.
between Red Rock and Port Arthur. (Macoun.) Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Township of Miraposa, Ontario Co. Ont. (Howler.)
North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Sandy banks of the Sas-
katchewan, sparingly. (Drummond.) Near old encampments on the
shores of Lake Winnipeg, where fires have been made. (Richardson.)
Red River, rare. (Douglas.) Elk Island, Lake Winnipes. (7 WM.
Macoun.)
(1615.) P. pubescens, Linn.
P. obscura, var. viscido-pubescens, Pursh FI. 1, 157.
Found occasionally in gardens, but scarcely spontaneous, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa on waste heaps. In cultivated
ground Chinaman’s Ranche, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Fetcher.)
(1616.) P. Virginiana, Mill.
P. viscosa, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 382. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1422.
P. Pennsyluanica, Hook. FI. IT., 90, in part.
Light or sandy soils, western Ontario. Lake Huron, plentiful.
350 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Dr. Todd.) Sand hills, three miles up the Humber, west of Toronto ;
common at Niagara Falls, on Point Pelee and in new meadows, two
miles west of Collingwood, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) Malden and islands in Detroit River. (dMaclagan.)
In the neighborhood of St. Thomas. (Miss Kate Crooks.) Along the
G. W. R. track east of London. (Saunders.) Vicinity ot’ London and
Port Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. (Fowler.)
Var. ambigua, (Gray.)
P. viscosa, Linn. Dawson Bound. Rep. 352.
P. Pennsylvanica, Hook. Fl. II., 90, at least in part, (Gray).
Winnipeg and North-west Angle Road. (Dawson.) Vicinity of
Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)
(1617.) P. lanceolata, Michx.
P. Pennsylvanica, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 382.
P. Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata, Macoun’s Cat., No. 1418.
Sand, thickets and banks along the railway, Port Dover Junction,
Ont.; also along a creek, 15 miles west of Rat Creek, Manitoba.
(Macoun.) Dry open ground and bottoms, Lake Winnipeg. (Gray.)
431. NICANDRA, Adans. (APPLE-OF-PERU.)
(1618.) N. physaloides, Gertn.
Introduced. Escaped from gardens at Windsor, N.S. (How.) Wild
in some gardens at Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) McGill College grounds,
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Belleville, and along a
road near Essex Centre, Ont. (J"coun.) Port Stanley, Lake Erie.
(Burgess.) Scarcely established, Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
432. LYCIUM, Linn. (MATRIMONY VINE.)
(1619.) L. vulgare, Dunal. Box-thorn.
Introduced. Waste grounds and in fence corners near dwellings.
Vicinity of Kingston and London, Ont. (Burgess.) At Belleville,
Stirling, Campbellford, Brighton and Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.)
Apparently naturalized around Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 351
433. DATURA, Linn. (STRAMONIUM.)
(1620.) D. Stramonium, Linn. Thorn-apple, or Jamestown Weed.
Escaped from gardens at Mahone Bay and Windsor, N.S. (How.)
In the streets of Pictou, N.S., and by roadsides near it. (McKay.) A
weed, well established at St. Stephen and St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.)
A weed in waste ground around towns and villages and by roadsides,
throughout western Quebec and Ontario.
(1621.) D. Tatula, Linn.
Waste grounds rather rare. A weed in gardens at Stewarton near
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) At the village of Bath, Bay of Quinte ;
aud on Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Fort Erie at the foot of
Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) St. Thomas, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
434. HYOSCYAMUS, Linn. (HENBANE.)
(1622.) H. niger, Linn. Black Henbane.
Naturatized in the neighborhood of towns and villages, prefering
vacant lots and the borders of streets. A garden escape in Nova
Scotia. (Sommers.) On the ramparts of the ‘Old Fort,” Annapolis,
N.S. (Macoun.) Not common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Waste places vicinity
of Quebec. (Thomas.) In the streets of Quebec and Montreal.
(Maclagan.) Common along roadsides in Montreal, 1821. Holmes.)
Roadsides in and around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Roadsides and
streets in Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Streets of Belleville near the
upper bridge; on sites of burnt buildings, Cobourg, Ont., and on vacant
lots in Toronto. (Macoun.) Mahten, Ont. (Maclagan.) Fort Erie
at the foot of Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Abundant on the
wastes about Garrison Creek commons, and on vacant land at the north-
west corner of Toronto. (Fowler.)
435. NICOTIANA, Linn. (TOBACCO.)
(1623.) N. rustica, Linn. Indian Tobacco.
Introduced. A weed in gardens at Belleville and Canniffton near
that city, Ont. (Macoun.) Spontaneous in gardens in and around
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) A garden weed at Fort Erie, Ont,
(David F. Day.)
352 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1624.) N. attenuata, Torr.
Abundant on sand hills from Lytton to above Spence’s Bridge, along
the Thompson River, B.C. (Hill & Fletcher.)
LXxX. SCROPHULARIACEA. Fic-wort Famity.
436. VERBASCUM, Linn. (MULLEIN.)
(1625.) V. Thapsus, Linn. Common Mullein.
A very common naturalized weed by roadsides, borders of woods and
in old and thin pasture fields throughout Ontario. In the same situa-
tions, but scarcely so common in the eastern provinces and Quebec.
(1626.) V. Lychnitis, Linn. White Mullein.
Fields and new meadows. Very rare. West Augusta, near Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) Scarcely naturalized.
(1627.) V. Blattaria, Linn. Moth Mullein.
V. Claytoni, Michx. Fl. I, 148.
Naturalized by roadsides and in fields. Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Fields near Napanee, Ont. (Rev. J. Scott.) Near the Scotch
Church, Burn Brae, Seymour, Ont. ; also in abundance along a road
between Niagara and Queenston, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Dundas, Ont. (Maclagan.)
London and Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Parkdale, Toronto. (fowler.)
437. LINARIA, Juss. (TOAD-FLAX.)
(1628.) L. Canadensis, Dumont. Wild Toad-Flax.
Antirrhinum Canadense, Pursh Fl. IL, 421.
Sandy or gravelly soil, Canada. (Gray.) Halifax, N.S. (How.)
St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)
(1629.) L. vulgaris, Mill. Butter and Eggs.
Antirrhinum Linaria, Pursh FI. II., 421.
Very common by roadsides, near gardens and in fence corners.
Apparently common in Nova Scotia, but rarer in New Brunswick. In
Quebec andj{Ontario, it is naturalized wherever there are settlements.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 353
A monstrous state (Z. vulgaris, var. Peloria), where each flower has five
spurs, instead of one, has been found at Ottawa by Mr. Fletcher and in
Nova Scotia by Mr. Trueman.
(1630.) L. Elatine, Mill.
Antirrhinum Elatine, Pursh FI. II., 421.
Sandy banks and shores, rather rare. Canada, (Gray.) Searcely
naturalized.
(1631.) L. Cymbalaria, Mill. Ivy Linaria.
On the ballast wharf, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
(1632.) L. minor, Desf.
On the ballast wharf, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
438. ANTIRRHINUM, Linn. (SNAPDRAGON.)
(1633.) A. Orontium, Linn. Corn Snapdragon.
Sparingly introduced at Victoria, Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)
439. COLLINSIA, Nutt.
(1634.) C. grandiflora, Doug.
Grassy and gravelly hillsides, in great profusion, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Dawson & Fletcher.)
Var. pusilla, Gray.
Abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
Coldwater River near Yale and on the Blackwater River in northern
British Columbia. (Dawson.)
(1635.) C. parviflora, Doug!.
C. pauciflora, Lindl. Hook. Fi. IL, 94.
On limestone shingle, Massassaga Point, near Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Capt. Back.) Saskatchewan. (Richard-
son.) Western summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 50°. (Dawson.)
11
354 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
440. SCROPHULARIA, Linn. (FIGWORT.)
(1636.) S. nodosa, Linn. Var. Marilandica, Gray.
S. nodosa, Linn. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 327. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1241.
S. Marylandica, Linn. Hook. FI. IT., 94.
S. lanceolata, Pursh FI. II., 419.
Montreal Mountain. 1821. (Holmes.) Quebec, and on the Island of
Orleans. (Thomas.) Nicolet and Three Rivers, Q. (Maclagan.)
Casselman Station, Carleton Co. (Macoun.) Common near Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.) On the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence near
Brockville; very common on islands in the Bay of Quinte; also by
roadsides near Belleville; common on islandsin Rice Lake. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Field near Cove; in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.)
Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Wet places, north-west corner of
Toronto, (Fowler.)
441. CHELONE, Linn. (TURTLE-HEAD. BALMONY.)
(1637.) C. glabra, Linn.
C. glabra var. alba, Pursh Fl. TI., 427.
In bogs, wet meadows and by brooks. Quite common from Newfound-
land, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario. Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.) Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Burgess.)
(1638.) ©. nemorosa, Doug.
C. ramosa, Dougl. Hook. FI. IT., 95.
Woods along mountain streamlets. Woods in the Kootanic Pass,
Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
442. PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. (BEARD-TONGUE.)
(1639.) P. Menziesii, Hook.
P. Lewisii, Benth. DC. Prodr. X., 321.
Gerardia fruticosa, Pursh Fl. II., 423.
On rocks and mountain tops. Summit of South Kootanie Pass ;
also, eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) ‘Bow River
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macown.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 355
Var. Scouleri, Gray.
P. Menziesii, Hook. FI. IT., 98, in part.
Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Dyall.) Very
abundant in the Cascade Mountains, along the Fraser River, above
Yale, B.C. (Macoun, Dawson & Hill.) Nutka. (Menzies.)
(1640.) P. frutescens, Lamb.
Ounalashka. (Pallas.) Dr. Gray doubts the occurrence of this
plant on the above island.
(1641.) P. acuminatus, Doug.
P. nitidus, Dougl. Bourgeau, Pl. 259.
Red Deerand Eagle Hills, and other dry places on the Saskatchewan,
Assiniboine and Red rivers. (Richardson & Douglas.) Dry banks
near Short Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel; also Fossil Coulée, Milk
River Ridge. (Dawson.) Abundant on the dry slopes of the Assini-
boine River, at and above Brandon, on the dry slopes of the Qu’Appelle
River near its mouth, and frequent farther west on dry ridges and
upper slopes of coulée and river banks. (Macoun.) On gravel hills
at Moose Mountain Creek, and abundant on dry slopes in the Cypress
Hills and at Maple Creek. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. RB. Coll.)
(1642.) P. cristatus, Nutt.
P. Erianthera, Pursh FI. II., 737.
P. pubescens, Sol. Dawson, Bound. Rep. 368, in part.
P. attenuatus, Dawson, Bound. Rep. 368. Macoun’s Cat., No 1248.
Rising ground, Red River prairie, and near Wood Mountain on the
open prairie, 49th parallel; also gravelly slopes along the Milk River.
(Dawson.) Dry gravelly soil, frequent from Brandon southward and
westward, on the open prairie. (Macoun.) On light sandy soil
throughout the country south and west of Moose Mountain, and very
common at Maple Creek north of the Cypress Hills. (J M. Macoun,
CO. P. R. Coll.)
(1643.) P. ovatus, Dvugl.
Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Gray.) Elk
River Valley west side of Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1644.) P. confertus, Dougl.
Mountain pine woods, in dry sandy soils, on the Columbia River.
(Dougias.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; Crow Nest Pass and
on the Flathead River, and Elk River Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Bow
356 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
River Pass on mountain slopes. (Macoun.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon
River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
Var. czeruleo-purpureus, Gray.
P. procerus, Dougl. Hook. FI. IL, 97.
P. Tolmici, Hook. FI. II., 98.
Plains of the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. (Richardson
& Drummond.) Tradev’s Road, and at Wood Mountain, 49th parallel ;
Milk River Ridge and westward up the Old Man River within the
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Frequent on the grassy slopes of
coulées and depressions in the prairie from Brandon westward to the
Rocky Mountains and northward from Calgary by Edmonton, the
Athabasca River and Peace River prairie to Lat. 56°; very abundant
in northern British Columbia, and common on the Fraser and Thomp-
son rivers. (Macoun.) Along Ilgacho Brook and on the Tsi-tsutl
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1645.) P. humilis, Nutt.
In the Rocky Mountains near the British boundary. (Gray.)
(1646.) P. gracilis, Nutt.
Red River and Saskatchewan. (Richardson & Drummond.) Frequent
on dry hillsides throughout Manitoba and the western prairie region.
(Macoun.) West of Moose Mountain Creek on dry soil, and plentiful
north of Cypress Hills. (J M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) On the 49th
parallel near Emerson, Man. (Burgess.)
(1647.) P. pubescens, Solander. .
On dry, gravelly or sandy soil apparently confined to Ontario,
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) -Burnt lands in Huntley
Township, Carleton Co., and at the Fourth Chute of the Bonnechére,
Renfrew Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Abundant in the counties
of Hastings and Northumberland, Ont. (Macoun.) Waterdown Road,
Burlington Heights, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara River, Navy
Island and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, and on
Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Port Colborne, entrance to
Welland Canal, Ont. (David F. Day.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Wake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
(1648.) P. glaucus, Graham.
Rocky Mountains between Lat. 52-56°. (Drummond.) Summit of
the South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Fort
Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.) On the Lower
Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 354
(1649.) P. deustus, Dougl.
On dry soil, north to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)
(1650.) P. venustus, Dougl.
P. dasyphyllus, Gray. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 369.
South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° ; Crow Nest Pass and Wigwam River,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On the higher slopes of the Rocky
Mountains, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.)
(1651.) P. diffusus, Dougl.
P. serrulatus, Menzies. Hook. Fl. II., 95.
North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Rocky banks, Coldwater River, B.C.
(Dawson.) Wooded banks, Fraser River, near the coast. (Cowley.)
(1652.) P. triphyllus, Dougl.
On rocks from Oregon to British Columbia. (Gray.)
443. MIMULUS, Linn. (MONKEY-FLOWER.)
(1653.) M. Lewisii, Pursh.
M. roseus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IL, 100.
Shady and moist, or wet ground around springs. Observed growing
in mossy places bordering streams, in the South Kootanie Pass to an
altitude of 6,000 feet; Michell Creek and Flathead River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Mountains north of the Smoky River,
Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Avound a spring opposite Hudson’s Hope,
Rocky Mountain Cafion, Peace River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Along
mountain brooks, Cariboo, B.C. (Cowley.)
(1654.) M. ringens, Linn.
In ditches and brooks common from Cape Breton westward to the
Saskatchewan. A variety with white flowers is abundantalong ditches
in the township of Seymour, about 5 miles north of Campbellford,
Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
(1655.) M. Jamesii, Torr. & Gray.
In water or wet places usually in springs. York Mills, near Toronto,
Ont. (R. M. Stark.) On the borders of Grenadier Pond, near Toronto,
(Fowler.)
358 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1656.) M. luteus, Linn.
M. gutiatus, DC. Hook. Fl. IT, 99.
M. Scouleri, Hook. FI. II., 100.
A most variable and polymorphous species, ranging from a few
inches to over three feet in height., The coast and mountain forms are
usually quite small, while the Cypress Hills specimens are very tall and
stout. In springs amongst the Cypress Hills. (dJacoun.) Border of
astream at the West Butte ; also observed near the Second Branch of
Milk River growing in the water of a spring; and summit of South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; also, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C.
(Dawson.) Abundant-along brooks in the valley of Fraser River, B.C.
(Hill) Very abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island and
very variable. Gathered by all collectors. Moist woods along the
whole North-west’ Coast from Lat. 49° to Alaska. (Hooker.) Cape
St. Elias, Ounalashka, Kodiak and Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
Var. alpinus, Gray.
From Alaska southward through the mountains to the 49th parallel.
(Gray.) This form is probably included with our specimens referred
to the species.
(1657.) M. alsinoides, Benth.
Bottom of Cajion, below Elk River bridge, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
(1658.) M. moschatus, Dougl. Musk Plant.
Growing in swampy land near Alma, Albert Co., N.B. (Brittain.)
Ditches and brooks in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Fletcher.) Certainly a garden escape in New Brunswick.
(Macoun.)
444. CRATIOLA, Linn. (HEDGE HYSSOP.)
(1659.) G. ebracteata, Benth.
In ditches and wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)
(1660.) CG. Virginiana, Linn.
Beleil Mountain and Montreal. (Maclagan.) At Beauport near
Quebec. (Thomas.) In mud at Gould’s Wharf, Horton, Renfrew Co.,
Ont. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 359
Muddy border of a small brook, 3 miles west of Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) St. Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.) Hamilton, Ont. (Bur-
gess.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.) Red River flats near Emerson,
Man. (Dawson.) Abundant in exsiccated places near Fort Walsh,
Cypress Hills; also in a muddy flat, south of Battleford, N. W. T.
(Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.) Plains of the Red River,
Man. (Douglas.) Northward to British Columbia. (Gray.)
(1661.) G. aurea, Muhl.
G. officinalis, Michx. FI. L., 6.
Muddy bank of Richelieu River, and at St. John’s, Q. (Wat. Hist.
Coll., Montreal.) On the muddy beach of the Ottawa River, at Mans-
field,Q. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FI.
Ott.) On dried mud, or rocky flats immediately west of the railway
bridge, and at the paper mill, a mile above the bridge, close to the
city of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Very common around Lake Joseph,
Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) :
445. ILYSANTHES, Raf. (FALSE PIMPERNEL.)
(1662.) I. gratioloides, Benth.
Gratiola anagallidea, Michx. FI. L., 6. i
Lindernia pyxidaria, Pursh FI. II., 419.
In muddy places along the banks of rivers and on exsiccated flats
which are flooded in spring. Frequent in wet sandy or gravelly places
subject to inundation, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Frequent throughout
Quebec and Ontario in its usual habitats.
446. LIMOSELLA, Linn. (MUD-WORT.)
(1663.) L. aquatica, Linn.
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) In a muddy brook near
the Hand Hills, Long. 112°; ten miles north of Edmonton in brackish
mud ; also on mud flats on the lower Peace River and at Fort Chip-
weyan, Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.) Short Creek, near Wood Moun- ,
tain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
Var. tenuifolia, Hoffm.
Brackish river banks and shores. Near St. Stephen, Charlotte Co.,
N.B. ( Vroom.)
360 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
447. DICITALIS, Linn. (FOX GLOVE.)
(1664.) D. purpurea, Linn.
Apparently naturalized in a meadow about three miles from South
Sydney on the Louisburg Road, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Between
Port Hastings and New Westminster, B.C. (letcher.)
448. SYNTHYRIS, Benth.
(1665.) S. rubra, Benth.
Gymnandra rubra, Dougl. Hook. FI. II., 103.
On dry gravelly soil along the southern trail, near Fort Walsh,
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Ten miles west of Fort Walsh.
(Dawson.) Along the Flathead River, B.C. [?] (Dougias.)
449. VERONICA, Linn. (SPEEDWELL. BROOKLIME.)
(1666.) V. Virginica, Linn. Culver’s Physic.
Moist woods and banks from Canada and Winnipeg valley south-
ward. (Gray.) Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
(1667.) V. Anagallis, Linn. Water Speedwell.
In brooks and muddy places and in springs, rather common. In
ditches near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Lachine Rapids, near Montreal.
1821. (Holmes.) Shore of Lake Abbitibee, northern Quebec. (Richard-
son.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Wet places, common at
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Ramsay, Carleton Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K.
MecMorine.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Neighborhood of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Tor onto. (fowler.) Ditches
and boggy places ar ound Belleville, Ont. ; ditches at Owen Sound and
along the north shore of Lake Superior ; also in a muddy brook east
of the Hand Hills, and north of Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Throughout Canada to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) North-
west coast of British Columbia. (Douglas.)
(1668.) V. Americana, Schwein. American Brooklime.
V. Beccabunga, Hook. Fl. II., 101.
V. Anagailis, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 452.
Abundant in brooks, springs and ditches from Anticosti, Nova Scotia,
and New Brunswick westward across the continent to the Pacific
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 361
Coast. It extends (as far as known) northward to Lake Athabasca on
the east of the Rocky Mountains and on the west to Sitka and Ouna-
lashka.
(1669.) V. scutellata, Linn. Marsh Speedwell.
Very common in ditches and swamps having the same range westerly
as the preceding, not recorded from any point north of Lake Atha-
basea. (Macoun.) Canada to English River, Lat. 56°. (Richardson.)
Abundant in British Columbia. (Fletcher.)
Var. pubescens, Macoun.
This variety is very common in spring brooks around Belleville, Ont.
It is the only form found there and differs from the type only in its
pubescent stem and leaves. The hairs cover every part except the
flower, and are quite hard, making the plant almost hirsute.
(1670.) V. Chameedrys, Linn. Germander Speedwell.
Sparingly naturalized in a few localities. Windsor, N.S. (How.)
Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Not uncommon on the heights of Point
Levis, Q. (Macoun & Thomas.) Vicinity of Quebec. (Maclagan.)
(1671.) V. officinalis, Linn.
Abundant in open grassy places on Point Pleasant near Halifax, and
across the harbor on the hills above Dartmouth, N.S. (Macoun &
McGill Coll. Herb.) Around Pictou and Halifax, N.S. (McKay.)
Dry fields or hills, Norton, and near Fredericton, N,B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Roadsides near Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Roadsides near Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In pasture fields near St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.)
Common around Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) In the neighborhood of Toronto. (Dr. Cowdry.) Port
Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1672.) V. Kamtschatica, Linn, f.
V. aphylla, var. grandiflora, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 476.
Kiska, one of the Aleutian Islands. (Dail. in Gray.)
(1673.) V. Stelleri, Pall.
Ounalaghka and other Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)
(1674.) V. alpina, Linn.
V. nutans, Bong. Hook. FI. II, 101.
V. alpina, var. Wormskioldti, Hook. FI. IL, 101.
Coast of Labrador. (Gray.) Abundant on the summits of Mount
Albert and Table Top, two of the Shickshock mountains, Gaspé.
362 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Macoun & Porter.) Rocky Mountains, South Kootanie Pass, 6,500
feet altitude, 49th parallel ; Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, western
summit of North Kootanie Pass, and head waters of High-wood
River, Rocky Mountains; also near Tanyabunkat Lake, B.C. ( Dawson.)
Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Cold damp meadows near McLeod’s Lake, Lat. 55°, B.C.; also on
the slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Eastern specimens are much more hairy than those from the
Rocky Mountains. The latter seem to represent the V. nutans of
Bongard.
(1675.) V. serpyllifolia, Linn.
Open grassy grounds, roadsides, pastures, and borders of ditches ;
appearing generally like an introduced plant, but extending in such
situations from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and far to the north passing
the Arctic Circle. On the west coast it passes north to the Aleutian
Islands off the coast of Alaska.
(1676.) V. peregrina, Linn. Neck-weed.
Common throughout the whole of Canada along the margins of rivers
and wet or muddy places in cultivated fields, meadows or pastures. In
the prairie region it is frequent on exsiccated ground and brook sides.
On the margins of the great rivers it passes far to the north and
almost reaches the Arctic Sea on the Mackenzie.
(1677.) V. arvensis, Linn. Corn Speedwell.
Extensively naturalized in cultivated and waste ground. On the
grassy slopes of Cape Forteau, at Yarmouth, and on Cape Blomidon,
at the “Look-out,’ N.s. (Macoun.) St. Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.)
Chamcook Mountain, N.B, (Hay.) Portage, King’s Co., and Hills-
borough, N.B. (Brittain.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FI. Ott.)
Ramsay, Carleton Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Miriwin’s Woods,
near Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.) Vicinity of Belleville at the
gravel pit, and near the paper mill; also at Pine Grove, Brighton,
and near the village of Castleton, Northumberland Co.; also around
Owen Sound on waste places. (Macoun.) Kingston and Port Robin-
_ son, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(Fowler.)
(1678.) V. agrestis, Linn.
Naturalized in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Windsor, N.S.
(How.) Introduced into a garden a few years ago at Richibucto, N.B.,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 363
and now spreading beyond, also at Fredericton, N.B. (owler’s Cat.)
Vicinity of St. Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.) Ballast wharf, St. John,
N.B. (Hay.) Spreading from a garden in Picton, Ont. (Macoun.)
Introduced with grass-seed at Uttawa. (Fletcher.)
(1679.) V. Buxbaumii, Tenore.
On ballast heaps, North Sydney, Cape Breton, and also at Pictou,
N.S. (Macount.) Neighborhood of Kingston and London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Very sparingly naturalized.
450. CERARDIA, Linn. (GERARDIA.)
(1680.) CG. pedicularia, Linn.
Dasystoma pedicularia, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 520.
Waterdown Road and other places near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Niagara River. (Maclagan.) Sandy woods near Clifton, Niagara
Falls, and dry copses on the banks of the Humber near Toronto.
(Macoun.) On sandy soil Burford Plains, Brant Co., Ont. ( Tate.)
(1681.) C. flava, Linn.
Dasystoma pubescens, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 521.
Oaklands, Ont. (Miss Kate Crooks.) Open woods, Canada. (Gray.)
(1682.) C. quercifolia, Pursh.
Dasytoma quercifolia, Benth in DC. Prodr. X., 521.
G. integrifolia, Gray. Logie in List of Hamilton Plants.
Dry sandy woods St. James’ cemetery, Toronto. (Macoun.) Water-
down Road and Prince’s Island near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara
River, Cayuga, and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Wesleyan cemetery
and along the Great Western Railway, at London, Ont. (Saunders
& Burgess.)
(1683.) G. aspera, Dougl.
G. longifolia, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IL, 104.
Plains and prairies from the Saskatchewan to Dakota. (Gray.)
Pastures of the Red River, Man. (Douglas.)
(1684.) G. purpurea, Linn.
Low and moist grounds, Canada. (Gray.) Niagara Falls. (Burgess.)
Windmill Point, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
364 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. paupercula, Gray.
oc
G. purpurea, Sims. Hook. Fl. IL, 104.
Lower Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.) Between the Recol-
let and St. Antoine suburbs, Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.) Nicolet, and
Montreal, Q. (Maclagan.) BeauharnoisCo.,Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
On submerged or floating logs, St. Louis dam and other places near
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) On wet logs at Carleton Place and
Kingston Mills; also, banks of Mississippi River, Ont. (Rev. J. K.
MecMorine.) On logs in the Bay of Quinte ; in a wet field at Weller’s
Bay, Lake Ontario ; border of a small brook, Wallbridge’s Mill, Has-
tings Co.; also, marsh at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Toronto Island and at the
Humber west of the city. (owler.) Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.)
Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.) Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.)
(1685.) G. tenuifolia, Vahl.
G. erecta, Walt. Michx. FI. IL, 20.
Low or dry ground, Canada to Minnesota. (Gray.) Nicolet, Q.
(Maclagan.) On dry sandy banks of the Humber near Toronto.
(Macoun.) Prince’s Island near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara
and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Lonely Lake, 100 miles north-east of
the Lake of the Woods. (R&. Bell.)
451. CASTILLEIA, Linn. f. (PAINTED-CUP.)
(1686.) ©. coccinea, Spreng. Painted-cup.
Bartsia coccinea, Pursh Fl, II., 429.
Always on warm sandy soil to the eastward, but often on low damp
soil in Manitoba. Vicinity of Belleville, and on the Oak Hills, Sidney,
Hastings Co. ; abundant on the oak and pine lands, Rice Lake Plains.
(Macoun.) On the mountain at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Don and
Humber valleys near Toronto. (William Titler.) Niagara River and
Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Whirlpool Woods, Niagara River. (David
F. Day.) Great Western Railway east of London. (Saunders &
Burgess.) High Park, Toronto. (Fowler.) Shore of Red Bay, Lake
Huron; along the north shore of Lake Superior, and up Current
River, Thunder Bay ; very common in some parts of Manitoba, espe-
cially around Brandon. (Macoun.) Along Rainy River and Lake of
the Woods, also rising ground east of Red River on the 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) On the Souris Plain south of Moose Mountain. (J. M,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 365
Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) A yellow bracted form is common in Manitoba,
but it can scarcely he called a variety.
(1687.) C. parviflora, Bong.
C. hispida, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 105.
Common on dry grounds, North-west Coast. (Scouler.) Abundant
on gravelly hillsides and grassy places, Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun, Fletcher & Cowley.) Chilcoten River west of the Fraser
River, B.C., and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Mechan.) Common from California to Alaska. (G@ray.)
(1688.) C. miniata, Doug].
C. pallida, var. Unalaschensis, Cham. & Schlecht., in part.
C. pallida, var. miniata, Gray. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1283.
Abundant on damp grassy slopes throughout the whole prairie
region and northward to the Peace River. (Macoun.) Crow Nest
Pass, and eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, apparently
common, on the Rocky Mountains; also, Chilcoten River, B.C.
(Dawson.) Spillmacheen District, B.C. (All & Cowley.) Abundant
along the Thompson, Blackwater and Nachaco rivers, B.C. (Macoun.)
Northward to Alaska. (Gray.)
(1689.) C. pallida, Kunth.
Bartsia pallida, Linn. Pursh FI. IL, 429.
Sub-arctic, North-west America, both coast and islands. (Gray.)
Sitka, Kotzebue Sound, Chamisso Island, and Arctic Coast; also Fort
Youcon. (othr. Alask.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Pastures of the Rocky Mountains ; and throughout Canada to Hudson
Bay and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Drummond &
Richardson.) North-west coast to Behring Straits. (Chamisso.)
Var. septentrionalis, Gray.
C. septentrionalis, Lindl. Hook. Fl. IT., 105.
C. pallida, var. Unalaschensis, Cham. & Schlecht., in part.
Bartsia acuminata, Pursh F). IL., 429.
Exposed coasts and mountain tops. Along the rivers of Anticosti,
and on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé.
(Macoun.) Hills of the Restigouche River, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Collected in Madawaska, N.B. (Hay.) Temiscouta, Q. (Maclagan.)
On Michipicotin Island and at the Hudson Bay post, entrance to Nipi-
gon River, Lake Superior ; also along the Red Deer River near the
Hand Hills and on the Bow River at Morley. (Macoun.) Along the
366 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Bow River at Calgary. (J. M. Macoun.) Foot-hills of the Rocky
Mountains on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Metapedia, N. B.
( Fletcher.)
(1690.) C. sessiliflora, Pursh.
Abundant on dry ridges along the Assiniboine River, both above and
below Brandon ; also on Brandon Hills. (Macoun.) First Crossing
of Souris River, on dry hillsides, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Common
on both sandy and gravelly soil south of Moose Mountain. (J. M.
Macoun, C, P. R. Coll.)
452. ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt.
(1691.) O. attenuatus, Gray.
Quite common on gravelly and grassy places around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun & Dawson.)
(1692.) ©. tenuifolius, Benth.
Bartsia tenuifolia, Pursh FI. II., 429.
Dry ground, Montana to British Columbia. (Gray.) On dry slopes,
Osoyoos Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1693.) O. bracteosus, Benth.
Dry ground, British Columbia. (G@ray.) On Cedar Hill, eight
miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island, and in several other places
around the city. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
(1694.) ©. luteus, Nutt.
O. strictus, Benth. Hook. Fl. IL, 104.
Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies in the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Abundant on the dry open prairie from Winnipeg to
the Rocky Mountains and northward to Peace River. (Macoun.) In
great profusion on the Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain. (J. AL
Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Along the 49th parallel at Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.) North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains ; also
along the Chilcoten River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1695.) O. pusillus, Benth.
On dry hillsides and gravelly soil generally, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 367
453. EUPHRASIA, Linn. (EYEBRIGHT.)
(1696.) E. officinalis, Linn.
Abundant along the coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Labrador,
Anticosti, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and up the St.
Lawrence on both sides to Quebec; also along the north shore of Lake
Superior and in the Rocky Mountains on Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
Canada and Newfoundland to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Aleutian
Islands and far northward. (Dr. Gray.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Var. Tartarica, Benth.
E. latifolia, Pursh, Fl. II., 430.
E. officinalis, var. 8. Hook. Fl. IL, 106.
This variety has pale purple flowers, while the typical form has
white flowers with purple veins. Labrador. (Pursh.) Cape Bold
and Little Rocher, N.B. (Brittain.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Dr. Gray says that the North American
plant is chiefly this variety.
454. BARTSIA, Linn.
(1697.) B. alpina, Linn.
Labrador. (Kohimeister.) Ungava Bay, Labrador; along the
Mackenzie River near the sea. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Fiske Fiord,
Lat. 64°. (Dr. Kane.)
(1698.) B. Odontites, Huds.
Naturalized in the Atlantic provinces. Common in the vicinity, and
in the streets of Pictou and along the River St. John, N.S. (McKay.)
Near Windsor, N.S. (How.) At Whycocomagh, Cape Breton.
(Lindsay.) Ina field at Truemansville, N.S. (Zrueman.) Lancaster
Beach, and abundant on an island, at the Falls, mouth of St. John
River, N.B. (Hay.)
455. PEDICULARIS, Linn. (LOUSEWORT.)
(1699.) P. Menziesii, Benth.
North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Dr. Gray remarks of this species—
“ Not clearly identified.”
368 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1700.) P. verticillata, Linn.
Sitka and the islands generally ; also Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.) Alaska to Arctic Sea and Aleutian Islands. (Dr. Gray.)
(1701.) P. Chamissonis, Stev.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Aleutian Islands. (Dr. Gray.)
(1702.) P. Groenlandica, Reiz.
P. surrecta, Benth. Hook. FI. IT., 107.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Inswamps between Fort Pitt and Edmonton
north of the Saskatchewan ; also in peat bogs on the portage between
Little Slave Lake and Peace River. Marsh at the crossing of Red
Deer River below the Hand Hills. (Macoun.) Alpine marshes of the
Rocky Mountains; York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) Bogs
in the Bow River Valley between Calgary and Morley. (J. MZ Macoun,
C. P. BR. Coll.) Foot-hills between North and Middle Fork of Old
Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) West to British Columbia.
(Dr. Gray.)
(1703.) P. racemosa, Doug.
Sub-alpine regions of British Columbia. (Dr. Gray.) Flathead
Valley; also along Osoyoos Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) On the upper
slopes of the Rocky Mountains in the Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.)
(1704.) P. Lapponica, Linn.
Labrador. (Kolmeister.) Barren grounds between Lat. 64° and the
Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Disco Island, and on both sides of Baffin’s
Bay. (Capt. Markham.) Near Fort Contidence, Lat. 67°; also between
the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again, Lat, 67° 54’, Long. 115°
31’. (Dease.)
(1705.) P. pedicellata, Bunge.
P. subnuda, Benth. Rothr. Alask, 452.
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Norfolk Sound. (Hschscholtz.) Also in
Labrador, according to Bunge. (Dr. Gray.)
(1706.) P. euphrasioides, Stephan.
Labrador. (Kolmeister.) Moist mossy places north of the Sas-
katchewan to the Arctic seashore. (Richardson.) Woods of Pinus
Banksiana in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Along the North
Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and Edmonton. (Macoun.) [l-ga-chuz
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Norton and Kotzebue Sound, and islands of
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 369
Chamisso and Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.) Hudson Strait. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Near Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°, Long. 119°. (Dease.) Sussex
Lake, Great Fish River. (Dr. Rae.)
(1707.) P. palustris, Linn. Var. Wlassoviana, Bune.
P. Wlassoviana, Stev. Hook. Fl. II., 107.
P. palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. IL,107.
Newfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) In a marsh at the head of Ellis
Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Cacouna, River St. Lawrence. (Burgess.)
Along the St. Lawrence at Ste. Anne des Monts. (Allen.) Vicinity
of York Factory, Hudson Bay. (#. Bell.) From Hudson Bay to the
Saskatchewan Plains, and at Carlton. (Richardson & Drummond.)
On the Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Capt. Beechy.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meechan.) Arctic America,
at Bay of Good Hope. (othr. Alask.)
(1708.) P. Canadensis, Linn. Canada Lousewort.
P. gladiata, Michx. FI. II, 18.
Moist woodlands and gravelly banks. Vicinity of Halifax and on
hillsides at Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Grand Falls of the St. John, N.B.
(Moser.) Abundant throughout western Quebec and Ontario, anl
extending to Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba. (dMacoun.) Tvsing
ground east of Red River Prairie, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) At the
Grand Rapid of the Saskatchewan near Lake Winnipeg. (Douylus)
(1709.) P. Furbishize, Watson.
Upper St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Andover, N.B. ( Wetmore.) Banks
of the Aroostook within New Brunswick. (Vroom.) This is a new
species lately discovered in Maine.
(1710.) P. lanceolata, Michx.
P. resupinata, (?) Willd. Pursh, Fl. IT, 425.
P. pallida, Pursh, Fl. II., 424.
Grassy swamps eastward and rich prairie in the west. Coldstream
Flats, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Cayuga and Malden, Ont. (Mac-
| lagan.) Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Rich damp prairie, White Horse
Plains, and low rich prairie near Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)
(1711.) P. bracteosa, Benth.
P. recutita, Pursh, Fl. Il., 425, probably.
Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) South
Fork of Belly River, in a dense wood ; lower slopes of South Kootanie
12
370 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Pass, 49th parallel; western summit of North Kootanie Pass ; also
Crow Nest Pass. (Dawson.) On grassy slopes, Bow River Pass,
Rocky Mountains ; also Cache Creek Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
(1712.) P. Sudetica, Willd.
Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. (Richardson.) Cape Lisburne,
Kotzebue Sound, Arctic coast and island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
St. Paul and St. Lawrence islands, &c. (Dr. Gray.) Melville Islands,
(Capt. Markham) Near Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°, Long. 119°; also
westward of Mackenzie River, Lat. 71°, Long. 126°. (Dease.) Islands
north of Lancaster Sound and Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1713.) P. Langsdorffii, Fisch.
Aleutian and more northern islands; Kotzebue Sound, &. (Dr. Gray.)
Behring’s Straits. (Menzies.) Melville Island. (Sir E. Parry.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. lanata, Gray.
, P. Kanei, Durand in Jour. Acad. Philad. N. Ser. IL, 195.
P. arctica, R. Br. App. Parry, 280.
P. Langsdorffii, Macoun’s Cat., No. 1300.
Same range as the type on the north-west coast, also Arctic coast
and islands, and high northern Rocky Mountains. (Dr. Gray.) Sum-
mits of Rocky Mountains, abundant. (Drummond.) On the summit
of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Il-ga-chuz
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
Bear Lake River to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Islands of St.
George and St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound and Arctic coast. (Rothr.
Alask.) On both sides uf Baffin’s Bay. (Capt. Markham.) Ransselaer
Harbor, Lat. 79°; also at various places on Smith’s Sound. (Dr.
Kane.) Lake Beechy, Back’s Great Fish River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1714.) P. hirsuta, Linn.
Arctic sea-coast, and Arctic islands, frequent. (Capt. Parry.) On
both sides of Baffin’s Bay, Melville Island, Navy Board Inlet, and
Elwyn Inlet. (Capt. Markham.) Back’s Great Fish River. (Capt.
Back.) West of the Mackenzie River, Lat. 71°, Long. 154°, (Dease.)
East coast of Greenland and Smith’s Sound. Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1715.) P. flammea, Linn.
Labrador to the northern Rocky Mountains and northward. (Dr.
Gray.) Labrador. (Kolmeister.) Arctic America. (Richardson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 371
Summits of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Fort Selkirk,
Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1716.) P. versicolor, Wahl.
Islands of North-west America. (Hooker.) Island of St. Lawrence.
(Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound and the Island of St. Lawrence.
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1717.) P. capitata, Adams.
P, Nelsonii, R. Br. in Richards. Frankl. App., 743.
P. verticillata, Pursh, Fl. II., 426, not of Linn.
Arctic sea-coast, Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka, and more northern
islands. (Dr. Gray.) Arctic seashore and islands. (Richardson.)
Behring’s Straits. (Langsdorff.) On both sides of Baffin’s Bay and
Port Kennedy. (Capt. Markham.) Westward of Mackenzie River,
Lat. 71°, Long. 154°; also between the Coppermine River and Cape
Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54’, Long. 115° 31°. (Dease.) Near the mouth
of Back’s Great Fish River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
456. RHINANTHUS, Linn. (YELLOW-RATTLE.)
(1718.) R. Crista-galli, Linn.
R, minor, Ehrh. Beitr. VI, 144.
Newfoundland. (dMorrison.) Abundant and very common in places,
on Bonne Espérance, and found all along the Labrador coast. With Fu-
phrasia officinalis, in low, moist but not marshy places. (IV. #. Stearns.)
Very common aloug rivers and grassy places on the west side of Anti-
costi , also abundant at Louisburg, North Sydney and Baddack, Cape
Breton ; at Pictou, Straits of Canso, and Yarmouth, N.S. Certainly
indigenous at all those points. (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. Introduced (?)
(Lawson & Sommers.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Oyster Ponds, Guys-
boro’ Co., N.S. (Baill.) Common near St. John, north of Miramichi
on Bathurst Road ; also Blacklands, Restigouche Co., N.B. (Fiwiler’s
Cat.) Abundant at Campbellton, N.B., along the Bay of Chaleur and
up the Gaspé coast and on the mountains to Petit Métis. (Macoun.)
St. Roch des Aulnais, Q. (Jaclagan.) Wet meadows in many places,
along the St. Lawrence below Quebec. (Zhomas.) Low meadow
at the Pic River, Lake Superior, also in the Bow River Pass and on
Peace River at St. John’s, and Hudson’s Hope, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.)
From the Saskatchewan to the shores of Slave Lake and to Fort
Franklin. (Richardson.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
372 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
mond.) Foot Hills between the North and Middle Fork of Old Man
River; also Foot Hills of Rocky Mountains, and western side of the
water-shed, South Kootanie Pass; Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland, south of the Arctic Circle.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. major, Ehrh. (?)
A form which is extremely like this has been collected at Yarmouth,
N.S., near the railway station by the writer, and at Metapedia, N.B.,
by Mr. Fletcher, of the Parliamentary Library. The specimens in ques-
tion have large yellow flowers, with yellowish bracts, and long narrow
leaves; they are taller and more branching than the usual form of
R. Cristi-galli. This may be the introduced plant found at Halifax.
457. MELAMPYRUM, Linn. (COW-WHEAT.)
1719.) M. Americanum, Michx.
M. sylvaticum, Hook. FI. II., 106.
M. pratense, var. Snape, Benth. in DC. Erats X., 584.
M. lineare, Lam. Pursh, FI. II., 430.
Swamps, grassy thickets, and open sandy woods. Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and westward to the Coast
Range, B.C. The British Columbian specimens have broad neatly
hastate leaves, but otherwise the specimens differ very little from
those of Anticosti. It is probable that the form growing in peat bogs
is distinct from that found in sandy woods, but our present. specimens
are insufficient to determine that question.
N
LXXI. OROBANCHACE Broom-rare Famity,
458. APHYLLON, Mitchell. (CANCER-ROOT.)
1720.) A. uniflorum, Gray.
Orobanche uniflora, Linn. Pursh FI. IL, 481.
O. biflora, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IL, 93.
Anoplanthus uniflorus, Endl. DC. Prodr. X1., 41.
Parasitic on the roots of various plants. Chiefly found on dry
sandy soils in open woods. Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Nash-
waakis, N.B. (Prof. Fowler.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) Near
Kingston Mills, Ont. (Maclagan.) On the Rice Lake Plains, near
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 373
Castleton; also at Alnwick, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Zogie.) Whirlpool Woods, Niagara
Falls. (David F. Day.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (MeGéill Coll.
Herb.) Port Stanley, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassiz.) Parasitic on Artemisia roots, Tobacco Plains,
Kootanie Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
(1721.) A. fasciculatum, Gray.
Orobanche fasciculata, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IT, 93.
Anoplanthus fasciculatus, Walp. DC. Prodr. XI, 41.
Parasitic on the roots of Artemisia on sand hills and prairies at Spy
Hill and Old Wives Lakes, Assinniboia. (Macoun.) On sand along
Moose Mountain Creek, Assinniboia. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
Wood End on the 49th parallel; and along Belly River near Fort
McLeod ; also in the Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)
(1722.) A. comosum, Gray.
Orobanche comosa, Hook. FI. II., 92.
Parasitic on roots of Composite. Growing on roots of Grindelia along
the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(1723.) A. Ludovicianum, Gray.
Orobanche Ludoviciana, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IT., 92.
Phelipea Ludoviciana, Walp. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1228.
On arid clay banks, especially along rivers. Plains of the Saskat-
chewan, rare. (Drummond.) On hills west of the Qu’Appelle, banks
of Maple Creek, also Gull Lake and banks of creeks at the Hand Hills.
(Macoun.) Near Irvine Station on the C. P. R., Assinniboia. (J. M.
Macoun.) On dry hills, Vancouver Island. (Cowley.) Along Okanagon
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) New Caledonia. (Douglas.)
(1724.) A. pinetorum, Gray.
Orobanche pinetorum, Geyer in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. III., 297.
Oregon to British Columbia, on the roots of Fir-trees. (Gray.)
459. CONOPHOLIS, Wallr. (SQUAW-ROOT.)
(1725.) C. Americana, Wallr.
Orobanche Americana, Linn. Pursh F). IT., 431.
Rich woods under trees, especially oaks. Thicket near the G. T. R.
gravel pit, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In rich woods, three miles in
374 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
rear of Picton, towards West Lake, Prince Edward Co. ; rich woods
near Madoc village, Hastings Co.; also in oak woods near Clifton,
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Woods behind Cline’s Mill, Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Vicinity of Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Woods near West-
minster Ponds, London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.) Vicinity of Port
Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Point Albino, Lake Erie.
(David F. Day.)
460. BOSCHNIAKIA, C. A. Meyer.
(1726.) B. glabra, C. A. Meyer.
Orobanche glabra, Hook. F1. II., 91.
Great Slave Lake to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Aleutian
Islands and east to Slave Lake. (Gray.) Sitka and Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
1727.) B. Hookeri, Walp.
Orobanche tuberosa, Hook. FI. II., 92.
North-west coastof America, (Menzies.) Not seen since. (Gray.)
461. EPIPHECUS, Nutt. (BEECH-DROPS.)
(1728.) E. Virginiana, Bart. Cancer-root.
E. Americana, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IL, 93.
Orobanche Virginiana, Linn. Pursh Fl. IL, 431.
Under beech trees in thick woods. North Woods, near Annapolis,
N.S. (Macoun.) Near Bedford,N.S. (Lawson.) Woods, Pictou Co.,
N.S. (MeKay.) A parasitic plant on the roots of beech-trees, rather
rare in New Brunswick. (fowler’s Cat.) Rather common in beech
woods both in Quebec and Ontario. As it flowers late in deep cool
woods, many collectors overlook it. .
LXXTI. LENTIBULARIACEA. Brapper-worr Famizy.
462. UTRICULARIA, Linn. (BLADDER-WORT.)
(1729.) U. clandestina, Nutt.
U. striata, Tuckerm. in Am. Journ, Sci. xzy., 29.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 375
Shallow water of a small lake near Richibucto, Kent Co., N.B.
(Fowler’s Cat.) Little Rocher, Albert Co., NB. (Brittain.)
(1730.) U. inflata, Walt.
U. ceratophylla, Michx. Pursh FI. L., 15.
Floating in still water in Lower Canada. (Pursh.)
(1731.) U. vulgaris, Linn. Var. Americana, Gray.
Abundant in ditches and slow streams and lakes from the coast of the
Atlantic to the Pacific and far northward. Above all other carnivo-
rous plants this species has attained an unenviable notoriety by its
successful trapping, of very young fish, in the small utricles so
plentifully scattered over its floating stems.
(1732.) U. minor, Linn.
U. setacea, Michx. Hook. Fl. IL, 118.
U. subulata, Pursh, Fl. I., 15, Canadian habitat.
Canada. (Pursh.) Barren specimens, apparently of this species,
were gathered by Mr. Drummond near the Saskatchewan. (Hooker.)
Shallow still waters. Canada to the Saskatchewan and west to British
Columbia. (Gray.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Drummond’s
specimens were very likely U. intermedia.
1733.) U. gibba, Linn.
U. minor, Torr. Fl. N.Y. II., 21, not Linn.
Shallow water on mud at the eastern end of Partridge Lake, Anglesea
township, Addington Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
(1734.) U. intermedia, Hayne.
Abundant in shallow water creeping over thesoft mud. Newfound-
land. (Gray.) Wet places in peat bogs, Anticosti; peat .bog near
North Sydney, and at Louisburg, Cape Breton ; bogs along the Gaspé
coast. (Macoun.) St. Patrick, Charlotte Co., N.B. (Vroom.) Otty’s
Lake, near Hampton, N.B. (Brittain.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Ina small marsh near Picton, Prince Edward Oo. ;
beaver meadows, North Hastings, Peterboro’ and Victoria counties,
Ont. ; marshes at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron ; marshes at the mouth of
the Kaministiquia, along the north shore of Lake Superior and around
Lake Nipigon ; also in marshes along the base of the Porcupine Moun-
tain, Man. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Lake Winnipeg
to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Near the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
376 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1735.) U. resupinata, B. D. Greene.
Sandy bogs and borders of ponds. Specimens of a purple flowered
Utricularia (referred here) were picked up in a sandy bog at the head
of South Lake, Snowden, Victoria Co., in August, 1868, but were not
examined. Since then the locality has not been visited.
(1736.) U. cornuta, Michx. ;
Sphagnous or sandy swamps from Newfoundland to Lake Superior.
(Gray.) Common in peat bogs, Anticosti, and along the Gaspé coast ;
also in a peat bog at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Near
Bedford, N.S. (Zaiwson.) Lunenburg, N.S. (Ball.) Grand Lake,
Halifax Co., N.S. (MeKay.) Common in peat bogs, N.B. (Fowler’s
Cat.) Very abundant along Gull River between Big and Little Bush-
kong Lakes, south of the Colonization road ; marshes at Chicken Bay,
Lake Huron; also in a marshy spot at McIntyre’s Bay, Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) Marshes at Westminster pond, near London, Ont. (Saunders.)
Very common in the Muskoka District. (Burgess.) Niagara Falls,
Canadian side. (David F. Day.) In mud on the edge of a marshy bay,
Pancake River, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Around the Gas Spring in
the Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. (letcher.)
463. PINCUICULA, Linn. (BUTTER-WORT.)
(1737.) P. villosa, Linn.
P. acutifolia, Michx. FI. I., 11. Pursh FI. I.,15.
In shady woods, near rivers about Lake Mistassini. (Pursh.)
I suspect this is P. vulgaris. (Macoun.) Labrador, Hudson Bay,
n>vthern islands and shores of the North-west coast. (Gray.) Islands
of Chamisso and Ounalashka ; also Norton Sound. (othr. Alask.)
(1738.) P. alpina, Linn.
Labrador. (Steinhauer.) Not elsewhere detected in America.
(Gray.)
(1739.) P. vulgaris, Linn.
P. grandiflora, Hook. Fl. II., 118. Macoun’s Cat., 1227.
P. microceras, Willd. Rothr. Alask., page 450.
P. macroceras, Cham, Rothr. Alask., page 450.
Wet rocks along rivers, lakes and sea-coasts. Newfoundland. (Miss
Brenton.) Labrador coast. (Butler.) Ungava Bay, Labrador. (Mrs.
Lizzie Crawford.) Anticosti and Mingan Islands, abundant. (Verrill.)
Along the south-west coast of Anticosti ; also on the Gaspé coast near
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 377
Cape Rosier, and up the Madaline River. (Macoun.) Along the Dart-
mouth River, Gaspé Basin. (Dr. J. Bell.) Little Métis and Alymer, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Sand at Humber ponds, near Toronto, [?]
(Laylor.) Shore of Lake Huron at Southampton. (Burgess.) Shore of
Red Bay, Lake Huron; rocks along the coast of Lake Superior from
Michipicotin to Red Rock, and on the island of St. Ignace ; also abun-
dant on Huronian slates on the east coast of Lake Nipigon ; and
along the Bow River at Morley. (Macoun.) Cafion of North
Branch of Elbow River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Woody and
barren regions north to Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Swamps
near Miet’s Rock in the Rocky Mountains, rare. (Drummond.) Mill-
bank Sound, North-west Coast. (Dr. Tolmie.) Alaskan coast and
islands, and northward. (Gray.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
LXXII. BIGNONIACHA. Bianonia Famizy.
464. TECOMA, Juss. (TRUMPET-CREEPER.)
(1740.) T. radicans, Juss.
This species is either indigenous on Pelee Island and Pelee Point,
Lake Erie, or it has become so naturalized as to run wild, and appear
to be native. It is quite hardy eastward as far as Belleville and Prince
Edward Co., and bears the winter cold without being taken off the trellis.
LXXIV. ACANTHACEM, Acanraus Famity.
465. DIANTHERA, Linn. (WATER-WILLOW.)
1741.) D. Americana, Linn.
Justicia pedunculosa, Michx. FI. I., 7.
In bays and slow flowing waters of the River St. Lawrence. (Pursh.)
Mouth of the St. Pierre River, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Lachine,
St. Helen’s Island, Montreal; also at Chippawa, Niagara River.
(Maclagan.) In the Niagara River above the Falls. (Burgess.)
378 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
LXXY. SELAGINACHA. Ssrnacgo Faminy.
466. CYMNANDRA, Pall.
(1742.) G. Gmelini, Cham. & Schl.
Bartsia Gymnandra, Willd. Pursh Fl. IL, 430, doubtful.
Ounalashka, Popoff Islands, &e. (Gray.) St. Lawrence Island. [?]
(Rothr. Alask.)
(1743.) G. Stelleri, Cham. & Schl.
Kotzebue Sound, at Immarook. (Lay & Collie.) Perhaps Island of
St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) St. Paul’s Island. (Hlliott.) Coast of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)
LXXVI. VERBENACEA. Versena Famity.
467. PHRYMA, Linn. (LOPSEED.)
(1744.) P. Leptostachya, Linn.
In low places along small brooks not common. Andover, N. B.
(Wetmore.) Lower Norton, N.B. (Brittain.) Keswick Ridge, N.B.
(Fowler & Hay.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Montreal
Mountain and St. Rémi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Savanne, Q., 1821.
(Holmes.) Mirwin’s Woods, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Along
the Nation River at Casselman, on the Canada Atlantic Railway ;
rich damp woods and along woodland brooks, in Hastings and Prince
Edward counties ; brook sides near Castleton, Northumberland Co.,
Ont. ; also at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Woods west of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Wolfe Island, near Kingston, St. Catharines, and Malden.
(Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
468. VERBENA, Linn. (VERVAIN.)
(1745.) V. urticzefolia, Linn. Nettleleaved Vervain.
Waste places, roadsides, and old pastures, appearing as if introduced
but certainly indigenous. Keswick Ridge, N.B. (Moser.) St. Rémi,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 379
Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Roadside; Coté St. Antoine, and other locali-
ties near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Valley of the St. Charles, near
Quebec. (Thomas.) Not uncommon in Ontario extending west to
Owen Sound.
(1746.) V. hastata, Linn.
V. hastata, var. pinnatifida, Lam. Pursh FI. IT., 416.
V. paniculata, Lam. Pursh FI. II., 416. Hook. Fl. IT., 117.
Chiefly in waste grounds and in low pastures along streams.
Common from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec westward
throughout Ontario to the Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.) Rainy River,
Ont. (Dawson.) Abundant on Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)
Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Low alluvial soils North-
west coast. (Douglas.) Spillimacheen, B.C. (Hill.)
(1747.) V. angustifolia, Michx.
V. rugosa, Willd. Pursh Fl. IT., 417.
On dry limestone soils locally abundant. Islandabove Nun’s Island,
Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.) St. Helen’s Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.)
Abundant in dry rocky fields around Belleville, and on rocky ground
at Shannonville station, G.T.R. ; also very common in the open woods
on Massassaga Point, Prince Edward Co. (Macoun.) Strathroy, and
Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Whitby, Ont.
(Burgess. )
(1748.) V. bracteosa, Michx.
On dry prairies apparently very rare. Collected on the high prairie
north of the Saskatchewan near the forks of the Red Deer and
Saskatchewan rivers. August 8th, 1879. (David Macoun.)
LXXVII. LABIATA. Mint Famtiry.
469. ISANTHUS, Michx.
(1749.) 1. czeruleus, Michx.
Moffit’s Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.) Abundant on limestone
shingle on both sides of the Bay of Quinte, both above and below
Belleville ; also abundant on gravel at Heely Falls, Northumberland
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Westminster, near London, Ont.
(Miss Crooks.) Crevices of rocks, Bobcaygeon, Ont. (Saunders.)
380 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
470. TEUCRIUM, Linn. (GERMANDER.)
(1750.) T. Canadense, Linn.
Amongst gravel along rivers and small streams. Sand-beach at
Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) West River, Pictou Co., N.S.
(Lindsay.) Boucherville Island, near Montreal. 1820. (Holmes.) Beau-
harnois Co., Q., and near Ottawa, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) St. John’s
River, below the village of Sillery,Q. (Shepperd.) Vicinity of Ottawa,
and at Casselman, on the Nation River, 30 miles from Ottawa.
(Fletcher.) Conway's Creek at the crossing of the Brockville Road,
Ont. (Billings.) On islands in the St. Lawrence, below Kingston ;
common along the Bay of Quinte and in crevices of damp rocks along
the Moira and Trent rivers, Ont. (Macoun.) Burlington Heights,
near Desjardins Canal, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippawa, St.
Catharines, and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of
London. (Saunders & Burgess.) A white flowered variety at Point
Albino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
471. AJUCA, Linn.
(1751) A. reptans, Linn. Common Bugle.
Sparingly introduced in fields near Montreal. (Maclagan.)
472. COLLINSONIA, Linn. (HORSE-BALM.)
(1752.) ©. Canadensis, Linn. Horse-weed.
Rich low woods, western Ontario. Abundant in St. James’ cemetery,
Toronto ; also in various places in the vicinity of Niagara Falls.
(Macoun.) Prince's Island, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippawa,
Dundas and Malden. (Maclagan.) Border of a field, two miles west
of London. (Saunders & Burgess.) Rich woods near Strathroy, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Rich moist woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Hay.) [?]
473. MENTHA, Linn. (MINT.
(1753.) M. viridis, Linn. Spearmint.
Escaped from cultivation in the neighborhood of old settlements.
Vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Baltimore, Albert Co., N.B.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 381
(Brittain.) Common at Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Durham
Montreal and Knowlton, Q.; and Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Roadside, College Hill, Belleville; roadside near Warkworth,
Northumberland Co., Ont., and very abundant in waste places at Owen
Sound. (Macoun.) Common along roadsides in the Niagara District.
(Maclagan.) London and Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Vicinity of
Toronto. (Fowler.)
(1754.) M. piperata, Linn. Peppermint.
Along brooksin old settlements. Escaped from cultivation. Vicinity
of Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) In the neighborhood of Pictou, N.S.
(Mc Kay.) On waste places by a brook at Truro, N.S. (Macoun.)
Sparingly escaped from gardens, N.B. (/owler’s Cat.) In ditches half
way between Castleton and Colborne, and in a small brook half a mile
east of Hilton, Northumberland Co., Out. (dMacoun.) Common in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.) Brooks and ditches,
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) St. Andrews, St. Rémi, Knowlton, Q.,
and Coldstream, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1755.) M. aquatica, Linn. Water-mint.
Wet places, introduced. Near Truro, N.S. (Lindsay.)
(1756.) M. arvensis, Linn. Corn-mint.
In cultivated fields, introduced at Norton, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.)
(1757.) M. sativa, Linn. Whorled-mint.
Damp waste places, escaped from cultivation. Vicinity of Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Escaped from gardens, N.B. (owler’s Cat.)
(1758.) Mi. Canadensis, Linn. Canada-mint.
Wet places along streams, in meadows and low places generally from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and northward to the Mackenzie River.
Var. glabrata, Benth.
M. borealis, Michx. Fl. IL., 2.
The glabrous and more northern form. Specimens passing into this
form are met with in all the northern forest. Rather rare in New
Brunswick, met with at St. John and Restigouche. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Vicinity of Ottawa, (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) East coast of Hudson Bay.
(R. Bell.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Eagle Hills,
south of Battleford, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Elk River, Kootanie Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) Washow Bay, west side of Lake Winnipeg. (J. i.
Macoun.)
382 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
474. LYCOPUS, Linn. (WATER HOREHOUND.)
(1759.) L. Virginicus, Linn. Bugle-weed.
L. pumilus, Vahl. Pursh Fl. I., 16.
Mentha uniflorus, Michx. FI. I., 14.
Low wet woods and by brooks from Labrador across the forest
country to British Columbia.
(1760.) L. lucidus, Turcz. Var. Americanus, Gray.
L. obtusifolius, Vahl. Hook. FI. II., 111.
Abundant in low damp or boggy places from Point du Chéne west-
ward throughout Manitoba; especially on borders of ponds at St.
Boniface, near Portage La Prairie, and at Long Lake, near Qu’Appelle.
(Macoun.) Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) Red River. (Douglas.) Carl-
ton House Fort on the Saskatchewan. (Drwmmond.)
(1761.) L. sinuatus, Ell.
L, Europzus, var. sinuatus, Gray, Man. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1815.
Quite common from the Atlantic westward to the Pacific. This
species is very easily separated from LD. Virginicus, by noticing the
cuspidate calyx teeth. Its leaves vary considerably, but all our forms
are referable to one species.
475. HYSSOPUS, Linn. (HYSSOP.)
(1762.) H. officinalis, Linn. Garden Hyssop.
Abundant in a few localities, around towns and villages. Escaped
from gardens. Very abundant near the St. Lawrence and Ottawa
Railway station, Ottawa, Chiefly the white flowered variety. (Fletcher.)
Waste places along the Salmon River a little east of Shannonville, and
on waste heaps around Belleville, Ont. (MJacoun.)
476. PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. (MOUNTAIN MINT.)
(1763.) P. lanceolatum, Pursh.
Dry soils rather rare. Nun’s Island, near Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.)
On the shore of Lake Ontario at Weller’s Bay; also in sandy swamps at
Point Edward, near Sarnia, (Macoun.) Sandy soil, Rice Lake Plains.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 383
(Dr. Poole.) Thorold and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Strathroy, Ont. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
(1764.) P. incanum, Michx.
On dry soil. Reported from western Ontario. Canada. ((oldie.)
New England to western Canada. (Gray.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) We have never seen a Canadian specimen,
477. ORICANUM, Linn. (WILD MARJORAM.)
(1765.) O. vulgare, Linn.
Abundant on the sandy railroad track and in thickets at Hawkstone,
Ont. Completely naturalized. (Burgess.)
478. THYMUS, Linn. (THYME.)
(1766.) T. Serpyllum, Linn. Creeping Thyme.
Old fields and pastures. NVaturalized in an old field at Truemanville,
N.S. (Trueman.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
479. SATUREIA, Linn. (SAVORY.)
(1767.) S. hortensis, Linn. Summer Savory.
Cultivated as a sweet-herb, and escaped to dry sandy soil in a few
localities. Found growing on a railway embankment near Hillsborough,
N.B. (Brittain.) Very abundant on the sands of Presqu’ile Point,
Lake Ontario, and occasionally in waste places around Belleville.
(Macoun.) Naturalized in places near Parkdale, Toronto. (Fowler.)
480. MICROMERIA, Benth.
(1768.) M. Douglasii, Benth. Yerba Buena.
Frequent in shady pine woods, North-west America. (Menzies.)
In woods near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J. Richardson & Fletcher.)
_ 384 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
481. CALAMINTHA, Moench. (CALAMINT.)
(1769.) ©. Nuttallii, Benth.
C. glabella, var. Nuttallii, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 349. Macoun’s Cat., No.
1321.
Micromeria glabella, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 113.
On rocks at the foot of the cataract, Niagara Falls ; also shore of
Lake Huron at Red Bay. (Macoun.) Niagara Falls. (Maclagan &
Burgess.) Observed along the shore of Lake Hrie, in rocky places,
from Fort Erie to Point Albino. (David F. Day.) Limestone points
along Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Shore of flat limestone rock
on both east and west sides of La Cloche Island, Georgian Bay.
(J. Bell.) Niagara Falls to Lake Superior. (G@ray.)
(1770.) C. Clinopodium, Benth. Basil.
C. vulgare, Pursh FI]. IL, 410.
Melissa Clinopodium, Benth. Hook. FI. IL, 114.
1
Borders of fields and rocky thickets amongst grass. Vicinity of
Pictou and Dalhousie, N.S. (dfcKay.) Open hillsides on the Resti-
gonche, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Bank of the Rideau River, near Ottawa ;
also in Bosanquet, Huron Co. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On rocky ground
quite common in the vicinity of Ottawa, and thence westward through-
out Ontario as far west as the Sault Ste. Marie. (JMacoun.) Canada,
in various places. Norway House Fort, Lake Winnipeg. Introduced.
(Richardson.) It is certainly indigenous in every part of Ontario, but
may be introduced in the Maritime provinces.
482. MELISSA, Linn. (BALM.)
1771.) M. officinalis, L. Common Balm.
On waste ground, Pelee Island, Lake Erie. Apparently naturalized.
(Macoun.) Well established at one or two places, Niagara Falls.
(Burgess.)
483. HEDEOMA, Pers. (PENNY ROYAL.)
(1772.) H. pulegioides, Pers. American Penny-royal.
On rich damp soil in shady woods. In woods near North Sydney,
Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Dalhousie, and on sea beaches at Pictou, N.S.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 385
(McKay.) Ina waste field at Green Head, St. John, N.B. (owler’s
Cat.) St. Remi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Roadside, two miles west of Prescott, Ont.
(Billings.) In woods, two miles west of Belleville ; also in shady
woods near Hilton, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie & Burgess.) Thorold and Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Common ten miles west of London, Ont. (Saunders.)
(1773.) H. hispida, Pursh.
Very abundant on limestone gravel at Belleville, Ox Point, and
Massassaga Point, Bay of Quinte, frequent at other points along the
bay ; also at Heely Falls on the Trent, Northumberland Co., Ont.
Common on dry soil at the Red Deer Lakes, Bad Hills and Hand Hills
west of the South Saskatchewan ; also in some abundance on the dry
prairie west of Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.)
484. MONARDA, Linn. (HORSE-MINT.)
(1774.) M. didyma, Linn. Bee Balm.
M. Kalmiana, Pursh Fi. I., 17.
M. coccinea, Michx. FI. I., 16.
Low rich soil, rather rare in western Ontario. Common in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess) Near Mount Forest,
Ont. (Logie.) In the neighborhood of Bayfield, Lake Huron. (John
Gibson.) Moist woods by Sydenham River, Lambton Co., Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.)
(1775.) M. clinopodia, Linn.
M. rugosa, Ait. Pursh Fl. I., 17.
Pycnanthemum Monardella, Michx. FI. IL, 8.
Western Canada to Illinois. (Gray.) We know nothing of this
species as a Canadian plant.
(1776.) M. fistulosa, Linn. Oswego Tea.
M. allophylla, Michx. FI. I., 16.
M. oblongata, Ait. Pursh FI. I, 18.
Dry gravelly soil, in oak and pine forests. Bank of the St. Lawrence,
half a mile west of Prescott, and occasionally throughout the country,
rather rare. (Billings.) Common on all suitable soils throughout the
southern and western counties of Ontario, extending to Lake Superior.
13
386 ‘GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Var. mollis, Benth.
This variety is exceedingly common throughout the whole prairie
region, wherever there is brush, and extends westward through the
Rocky Mountains to the interior of British Columbia at Spence’s
Bridge. (Hill.)
1777.) M. punctata, Linn. Horse-mint.
M. lutea, Michx. FI., 16.
Bellhouse Farm, East Flambro’, Ont. (Logie.) We are very
doubtful of the occurrence of this species.
485. BLEPHILIA, Rafin.
778.) B. hirsuta, Benth.
Monarda hirsuta, Pursh. FI. I., 19.
M. ciliata, Michx. FI. I., 16, not Linn.
Moist shady places, Canada and Vermont. (Gray.) Vicinity of
Brome Lake, Kastern Townships, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
486. LOPHANTHUS, Benth.
(1779.) L. nepetoides, Benth.
Hyssopus nepetoides, Willd. Pursh Fl. IL, 406.
Borders of woods and along river margins. Montreal Mountain,
1821. (Holmes.) Along the Nation River at Casselman station,
Canada Atlantic Railway, 30 miles from Ottawa. (letcher.) Along
the railway between Niagara Falls and Lake Ontario. (Macoun.)
Chippawa and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Fields near Cove, vicinity
of London, not uncommon. (Saunders & Burgess.) Fort Erie and
Albino Point, Lake’Erie. (David F. Day.)
(1780.) L. scrophularizefolius, Benth.
Hyssopus scrophularizfolius, Willd. Pursh Fl. IL, 406.
Borders of thickets along the slopes of Queenston Heights, one
mile beyond Queenston station. (Macoun.)
(1781.) L. anisatus, Benth.
Stachys feniculum, Pursh FI. II., 407.
This species is found as far east as Rainy Lake and extends westward
throughout the prairie region, but particularly in the copse wood on
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 387
the margin of the great prairies; in the Peace River region, it is very
abundant, north to Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.) Plains of Saskat-
chewan, abundant, to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) Assiniboine River. (Douglas.) Dog Head, Lake
Winnipeg ; Selkirk and along the C. P. R. west of Brandon, (J. M.
Macoun.)
487. NEPETA, Linn. (CAT-MINT.)
(1782.) N. Cataria, Linn. Catnip.
Naturahzed and very common, on roadsides, along fences, in old
gardens and around old buildings both in town and country. There
are no settlements in Ontario, where it does not appear. Rare in the
eastern provinces.
(1783.) N. Glechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy.
Glechoma hederacea, Willd. Pursh Fl. IT., 408.
Escaped from gardens and commonly found around fences and
amongst stones. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Escaped from gardens at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Abundant at Truro
and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Lindsay.)
Abundant on roadsides, and about dwellings, between Shediac and
Shemogue, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Montreal Mountain, and Durham, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Along
fences in London, Ont. (Burgess.) Very common on waste places, in
gardens, and along the streets at Sarnia and Ambherstburgh, Ont.
(Macoun.)
‘
488. DRACOCEPHALUM, Linn. (DRAGON-HEAD.)
(1784.) D. parviflorum, Nutt.
This species seems to extend eastward only to the neighborhood of
Ottawa, but in north-western Ontario it is very plentiful. Its usual
habitat is in recently burnt woods, where the landis only partly cleared,
or sparsely timbered. In such localities it extends west to the Pacific,
and northward to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Fort Youcon,
Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)
388 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
489. SCUTELLARIA, Linn. (SKULLCAP.)
(1785.) S. lateriflora, Linn. Mad-dog Skullcap.
Wet borders of streams from Newfoundland, Anticosti and the
eastern provinces to the Pacific, and northward to Lake Athabasca.
(1786.) S. canescens, Nutt.
S. serrata, Pursh, Fl. II., 413.
River banks, western Ontario. (Gray.) Canada. (Goldie) We
have no knowledge of Canadian localities for this species.
(1787.) S. parvula, Michx.
River banks, amongst sand or gravel. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
(Doubtful.) Grosse Isle, River St. Lawrence. (Shepperd.) St. Helen’s
and Moffitt’s islands, Montreal. (Maclagan.) Montreal Mountain,
below Priests’ Farm, 1821. (Holmes.) On rocks in the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Wet rocky ground along the Moira
above Belleville ; also on both sides of the Bay of Quinte below Belle-
ville, and in crevices of rocks at Heely Falls on the Trent, Northum-
berland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
On sands, Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Burgess & Macoun.). Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Islands east of Mississaugi River, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Sas-
katchewan. (Richardson.)
(1788.) S. angustifolia, Pursh.
Moist ground, British Columbia. (Gray.) Near the sources of the
Columbia River. ( Douglas.)
(1789.) S. galericulata, Linn.
Wet soil, either in woods, swamps or along rivers, from Newfound-
land, Anticosti and the eastern provinces to the Pacific, and north to
Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
490. BRUNELLA, Linn. (SELF-HEAL.)
(1790.) B. vulgaris, Linn.
Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Pursh Fl. IL, 411.
Abundant in pastures, by roadsides and in meadows; also in wet
places in woods and by small streams, throughout the country, extend-
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 389
ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Itis probable there are two
forms in the east where there may be an introduced one, but the west-
ern and Ontario form is certainly indigenous. Sitka and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.)
491. PHYSOSTECIA, Benth. (FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.)
(1791.) P. Virginiana, Benth.
Dracocephalum Virginianum, Willd. Pursh Fl. II, 411.
D. variegatum, Vent. Pursh Fl. IL, 411.
Wet grounds along streams. St. John’s, Q. (Maclagan.) Small
island opposite Point St. Charles, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Ona
small island near St. Annes, Q. ; on Toronto Island, and at Chatham,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On sandy points extending into Brighton
Bay, Presqu'tle Point, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.) Point Albino, Lake
Erie. (David F. Day.) Abundant at Point du Chéne, Man. (Macoun.)
Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Very common on islands
in Lake Winnipeg and amongst rocks on both sides of the lake ; also
along the Souris River south of Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1792.) P. parviflora, Nutt.
P. Virginiana, Benth. Var. 8. Hook. Fl. II., 116.
Banks of streams, Saskatchewan to British Columbia. .(@ray.)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) In the bed of Little
Arm Creek, near its source, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Margin of Little
Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Along the Thompson River at
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Hiil.)
492. MARRUBIUM, Linn. (HOREHOUND.)
(1793.) M. vulgare, Linn.
Escaped from gardens, into waste places around dwellings. Common
in the neighborhood of London. (Burgess & Saunders.) Roadsides,
St. Catharines and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Roadsides in numerous
places in Prince Edward, Hastings and Northumberland counties, Ont. ;
also along roadsides at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Parkdale near Toronto.
(Fowler.) Aldsboro’, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Streets of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
390 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
493. LEONURUS, Linn. (MOTHERWORT.)
(1794.) L. Cardiaca, Linn. Common Motherwort.
Waste and cultivated ground, in gardens and manured soil. This
species is completely naturalized in all the older provinces, but does not
become a weed, except around dwellings.
494. LAMIUM, Linn. (DEAD-NETTLE.)
(1795.) L. amplexicaule, Linn. Henbit Dead-nettle.
Introduced into gardens by means of seeds, in a few localities. St.
Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.) Shelving clay banks of the St. Lawrence,
a mile west of Prescott. (Billings.) A weed in gardens at Belleville,
Ont. (Macoun) Rather rare in gardens at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Gardens in Kingston, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1796.) L. purpureum, Linn. Red Dead-nettle.
On ballast heaps at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and Pictou, N.S.
(Macoun.) Introduced in ballast.
(1797.) L. album, Linn. White Dead-nettle.
Sparingly introduced at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
495. CALEOPSIS, Linn. (HEMP-NETTLE.)
(1798.) G. Tetrahit, Linn. Common Hemp-nettle.
A very common weed around barns, and in rich damp soil in grain
fields. Naturalized in all the settled parts of Canada. Sitka. (Meehan.)
(1799.) G. Ladanum, Linn. Hemp-nettle.
Introduced in ballast at St. John, N.B. (Hay )
496. STACHYS, Linn. (WOUNDWORT.)
(1800.) S. palustris, Linn.
S. aspera, Michx. FI. II., 4, in part.
Wet ground from Newfoundland to the Pacific. (Gray.) Along
all rivers and small streams in the eastern provinces and Ontario, but
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 391
in the prairie region quite common around small ponds or marshy
spots ; common in the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia. North
to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
(1801.) S. aspera, Michx.
S. hispida, Pursh FI. II., 407.
S. palustris, var. aspera, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 358.
Apparently rare in Ontario and confined to the western part. Vicin-
ity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Toronto. (fowler.)
(1802.) S. ciliata, Dougl.
Oregon to British Columbia, along the coast in damp shady places.
(Gray.) In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (fletcher &
Meehan.) In woods near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)
Var. pubens, Gray.
Washington Territory to Fraser River, B.C. (Gray.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.)
LXXVIII. PLANTAGINACEA., Puanrarw Famity.
497. PLANTACO, Linn. (PLANTAIN)
(1803.) P. cordata, Lam.
P. Kentuckensis, Michx. FI. I., 94.
P. data, Pursh Fl. I. 98.
Along streams, Canada. (Pursh.) Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Ditches and swamps along the Canada Southern Railway, at Colchester
station, near Amherstburgh. (JMacoun.)
(1804.) P. major, Linn. Common Plantain.
Naturalized in all the older settlements throughout Canada Besides
the introduced form there is an indigenous one, which is always found
along the margins of rivers or lakes, generally in damp crevices of
rocks, or amongst gravel. This form is common from Lake Superior
westward, and is particularly abundant along small streams in the
prairie region. It has also been collected in the Kootanie Valley, B.C.,
by Dr. G. M. Dawson.
392 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. Asiatica, Decaisne.
A very large indigenous form along the Pacific Coast from California
to British Columbia, and from the Saskatchewan to the Arctic Sea.
(Gray.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) It is probable that our
large leaved form from the prairie region may be this variety, but we
have no certainty of this.
Var. minima, Decaisne.
This is a small hairy form, growing in the vicinity of the sea on
Vancouver Island. Neighborhood of Victoria. (Fletcher.) Departure
Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
Var. bracteata, Macoun.
This is a stout, coarse, form with large oval leaves and with the
spikes always bracted immediately underneath the flowers. Around
dwellings in Kiledar, Addington Co., Ont. ; also in very wet or boggy
places at the entrance to Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(1805.) P. Rugelii, Decaisne.
P. Kamitschatica, Hook. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 311. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1195-
Frequent along old roads in grassy woods; also in meadows and
pastures, generally confounded with P. major, but easily distinguished
by its long tapering attenuated spikes. At Casselman and other places
in the vicinity of Ottawa, growing in old clearings. (Fletcher.)
Rather common along the margin of shady woods at Belleville, and
abundant in University Park, Toronto. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto
and London. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Near
Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
(1806.) P. eriopoda, Torr.
P. lanceolata, var. 8. and y. in part. Hook. Fl. II., 123.
On the shore of Anticosti at the head of Ellis Bay, and along the
Gaspé coast at the Rock Dam, Grand Etang, and Cape Chat. (Macoun.)
Near Kamouraska, Q. (Burgess.) Very abundant on saline soil
throughout the prairie region, and northward to the Arctic Sea. We
cannot separate the St. Lawrence specimens from those obtained on the
prairies.
(1807.) P. macrocarpa, Cham. & Schl.
P. lanceolata, var. 8. in part. Hook. Fi. IT., 123.
Coast of British Columbia to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.) North-west coast. (Menzies.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 393
(1808.) P. maritima, Linn. Seaside Plantain.
P. pauciflora, Pursh FI. I., 99, in part.
Atlantic coast north of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Gray.) Coast of
Labrador. (Pursh.) On cliffs overlooking the sea, Sydney Bar, Cape
Breton, and on cliffs along the Gaspé coast, especially about Cape Rosier.
These forms are perennial and never grow in marshes. (Macoun.)
Perennial at St. John, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) Pacific coast from
British Columbia to the Aleutian Islands and Behring Straits. (Gray.)
Abundant in crevices of rocks along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.) Frequent on Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (othr. Alask.) Newfoundland
and Labrador. (Morrison.)
(1809.) P. decipiens, Barneoud.
P. pauvciflora, Pursh FI. I., 99, in part.
P. maritima, var. juncoides, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 311.
Salt marshes, Atlantic coast, from Labrador to New Brunswick.
(Gray.) Common in marshes around the coasts of the Gulf of St.
Lawrence and the maritime provinces, ascending the St. Lawrence to
Quebec. It is probable that both this and the preceding are common
around the coast of Nova Scotia, but in the absence of specimens, we
cannot determine. (Macoun.) Around the coast of New Brunswick,
in salt marshes and in clefts of rocks. (Fowler’s Cat.) In great
profusion in and around salt marshes on Red Deer River about
one mile from Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53°. (JMacoun.)
(1810.) P. lanceolata, Linn. Rib-wort Plantain.
P. lanceolata, var. y. Timbali, Sow. Eng. Bot. VII., 171.
Naturatized on lawns, and by roadsides in most of the settled parts
of Canada. Reported from nearly all the towns and cities in the
eastern provinces, Quebec and Ontario. It is also becoming quite
common at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(1811.) P. Patagonica, Jacq. Var. gnaphalioides, Gray.
P. Lagopus, Pursh Fl. I.. 99, not Linn.
Dry sandy soil frequent throughout the western prairies. On dry
hillsides near Wood Mountain, thence westward, in great abundance, to
beyond the Three Buttes, Lat. 49°, growing among the short dry grass of
the plains. (Dawson.) West of the South Saskatchewan, in the vicinity
of the Red Deer Lakes, abundant; also in and around the Cypress
Hills and westward. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Maple Creek, north of
394 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Cypress Hills. (J. . Macoun.) On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C.
(Macoun & Fletcher.) Abundant in dry valleys of southern interior of
British Columbia. (Dawson.)
Var. spinulosa, Gray.
In same situations as the preceding variety, but much rarer. Wood
Mountain, on the 49th parallel. (Burgess.) On the Bear Hills, north
of the Red Deer Lakes and near the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Var. aristata, Gray.
P. aristata, Michx. FI. I., 95.
This form seems to prefer a moister and more elevated region.
Summit of the Cypress Hills and northward through the sandhills to
the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)
(1812.) P. Bigeiovii, Gray.
In salt marshes near the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Asmall form. (Gray.)
(1813.) P. pusilla, Nutt.
B. Bigelovii, Watson. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 367.
On sandy or gravelly soil in the prairie region. Along the Trader’s
Road, east of Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Cypress
Hills north-west of Fort Walsh. (Macoun) On the prairie at Maple
Creek north of Cypress Hills. (J. J Macoun.)
(1814.) P. media, Linn. Scented Plantain.
Sparingly introduced, but thoroughly naturalized and very persistent
on Parliament Hill and Major’s Hill, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
498. LITTORELLA, Linn. (SHORE-WEED.)
(1815.) L. lacustris, Linn. Plantain Shore-weed.
On the margins of lakes and ponds, growing under water, or close
to it. Collected on Ship Island, in Gull Lake, an expansion of Gull
River, below Minden, Victoria Co., Ont. July 29th, 1868. It was
many miles from any settlement and unquestionably indigenous.
(Macoun.) North end of Lake Champlain. (Pringle.) On the shores
of Grand Lake, N.S. (Miss E. K. Wright.)
GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA.
ALFRED R. 0. SELWYN, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.8., Director.
CATALOGUE
OF
CANADIAN PLANTS.
PART TI.—APETALA.
BY
JOHN MACOUN, M.A., F.LS., F.R.S.C.,
Botanist to the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada.
Montreat :
DAWSON BROTHERS.
1886.
we
PREFACE.
PART III.
This publication, constituting Part III. of the Catalogue of Canadian
Plants, carries the work on to the end of the exogens and completes
the first volume. It is identical in form with the first two parts, with
the exception of a change in the style of type used in the names of
introduced plants ; a change which enables the names of such plants
to be more readily distinguished.
The writer has again to thank Dr. Asa Gray and Mr. Serano Watson
for their continued assistance. To these gentlemen all doubtful forms
have been referred for final examination and decision, with the excep-
tion of the Willows, which, as more fully noted on a subsequent page,
have been examined and revised by Mr. M.S. Bebb, of Rockford, Ill.
The addendum contains facts relating to the plants enumerated in
the two first parts of the volume, which have been ascertained since
these parts were printed, also the names of such plants as have since
been found, but which were not formerly known to occur in the Domin-
ion. To botanists throughout Canada who have co-operated with the
author, he tenders his heartfelt thanks, and expresses the hope that this
work, to which they have lent assistance, will meet with their approval.
The names of many such friends will be found in the addendum.
Thanks are especially due to Mr. D. N. St. Cyr, F.RS.C., of the
Department of Public Instruction, Quebec, who by placing his large
collection at our disposal has enabled important additions to our know-
ledge of the flora of the Province of Quebec to be made.
In conclusion, it may be added that nearly all the stations men-
tioned in the addendum are represented in the herbarium of the survey,
and that no references considered doubtful have been included.
JOHN MACOUN.
Ottawa, April, 1886.
ERRATA.
For “ Erigonum ” read “ ER10oconum.”
Under No. 1889, for “ Moose River” read “ Moon River.”
is 1958, for “ M. albus” read ‘ M. alba.”
For “Larorrza” read “ LAPortEa.”
Under No. 2015, for “ S. rigida, Muhl.” read “S. rigida, Willd.”
2025, for “humillina” read “humillima.” ©
a 2054, for “ P. grandidenta” read “ P. grandidentata.”
i 204, for “ L. campestre, Linn.” read “ L. campestre, R. Br.”
For “ Potansta” read “ Pouanisra.”
Under No. 253, for “ P. pauciflora” read ‘‘ P. paucifolia.”
in 2109, for “S. multicaule” read “S. multicaulis.”
Under Paronychia, for “This and the three following” read “This
__and the two following.”
Under No. 329, for “C. parviflora, Moquin ” read “ C. parvifolia, Mogino.”
_ For “ Calandrina” read “ Calandrinia.”
Under No. 361, for “S. Oregana” read “ Sida Oregana.”
Under No. 473, for “H. decumbens, Gray” read “H. decumbens,
enth.
Under No. 2124, for “O. scorpoides ” read “ O. scorpioides.”
i 732, for “H. parviflora” read “ H. parvifolia.”
“ 763, for “S. acre, Lindl.” read “S. acre, Linn.”
For ‘‘ PRosERPINACEA ” read ‘f PROSERPINACA.”
For “ Hrepurvs” read “ Hrppuris.”
Under No. 952, (var.) for “Roadsides, Asylum, London, Ont.” read
“ Roadsides, Aylmer, Ont.”
Under No. 2161, for “ P. macrocora” read “ P. macrocera.”
“ 1046, for “ A. Novee-Belgii” read “A. Novi-Belgii.”
ef 1144, for “H. Maximiliania” read “ H. Maximiliani.”
APETALOUS EXOGENS.
LXXIX. NYCTAGINACEA. Four-o’ctock Faminy.
499. OXYBAPHUS, Vahl. (OXYBAPHUS.)
(1816.) O. nyctagineus, Sweet.
Allionia nyctaginea, Michx. Pursh, Fl. L., 97.
Rocky or sandy places very rare. On sand banks at the mouth of
Rainy River, close to the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) On sandy
shores, southern shore of Lake of the Woods and clay banks, Wood
End, Souris River. (Dawson.)
(1817.) O. hirsutus, Sweet.
Allionia hirsuta, Pursh, FI. I., 729.
On sandy or gravelly slopes, rare and local. Sand hills along Pine
Creek, Man. ; and in the Qu’Appelle valley near its confluence with
the Assiniboine, also on sandy ridges north end of Old Wives Lakes.
(Macoun.) About Fort Carlton on the North Saskatchewan. (Drum-
mond.)
(1818.) O. angustifolius, Sweet.
Allionia linearis, Pursh, FI. I., 729.
Calymenia angustifolia, Fraser, Cat., 1813.
On dry gravelly slopes, eastern end of Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
On gravel at Antelope and Medicine Hat along the Canadian Pacific
Railway. (J. M. Macoun.) Along Belly River near Fort McLeod ;
also sterile soil along the Milk River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
500. ABRONIA, Juss. (ABRONIA.)
(1819.) A. umbellata, Lam.
In sand, coast of Vancouver Island at Victoria and Cadboro Bay.
(Fletcher.) ;
396 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1820.) A. latifolia, Eschscholtz.
A. arenaria, Menzies. Hook. Fl. IL, 125.
Common on the shore at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher
& Cowley.)
LXxxX. ILLECEBRACEA. Knawet Famity.
501. PARONYCHIA, Juss. (WHITLOW-WORT.)
(1821.) P. sessiliflora, Nutt.
Dry gravelly ridges from Fort Ellice westward to Morley, particu-
larly abundant about the source of the Qu’Appelle. (Macoun.)
Gravel ridges, Moose Mountain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Forks
of Pincher Creek, foot hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
502. ANYCHIA, Rich. (FORKED CHICKWEED.)
(1822.) A. DicHotoma, Michx.
Shore of Iuake Erie, Norfolk Co., 1867. (Dr. Nicholl.) This species
has not been reported since and should be looked for in the south-
western counties of Ontario.
LXXXI. AMARANTACHA. Amaranta Famity.
503. AMARANTUS, Linn. (AMARANTH.)
(1823.) A. panicuLatus, Linn. Prince’s Feather.
A naturalized weed in some localities. Rare as a weed at Belleville,
Ont. (Macoun.) London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton
and at Guelph, Ont. (Buchan.) Vicinity of Toronto. (A. Fowler.)
(1824.) A. HYPocHoNDRiAcus, Linn.
Rarely escaped from cultivation. Sometimes spontaneous in gardens
for a few years. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Roadside,
Bleury Street, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 397
(1825.) A. RETROFLEXUS, Linn. Pigweed.
Apparently unknown in Nova Scotia, but common at Fredericton,
N.B. Introduced and well established in all well manured soils through-
out Ontario. It has also reached the North-west and penetrated to
the summit of the Rocky Mountains, along the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way, and will be a perpetual source of trouble to western farmers.
Common at Victoria, B.C. ( Fletcher.)
(1826.) A. aLsus, Linn.
Naturalized on waste heaps near towns and extensively spreading
along railways throughout the whole country, being found in the North-
west and British Columbia wherever railway construction is going on.
(1827.) A. BLITOIDES, Watson.
Well established at Point Edward near Sarnia, Ont., Sept. 15, 1884.
Possibly a railway introduction. (J. M. Macoun.)
504. ACNIDA, Linn. (WATER HEMP.)
(1828.) A. ruscocarpa, Gray.
Montelia tamariscina, Gray, Man. 413, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1506.
A. rusocarpa, Michx. Pursh, Fl. L, 205, in part.
A. altissima, Michx. Herb. Vide Gray.
A tall diccious plant, growing on alluvium in river bottoms.
Hull, P.Q. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In muddy places along the Nation
River at Casselman, west of the Canada Atlantic Railway ; also in
the Mill Pond at Madoc Village, North Hastings and along the Salmon
River at Shannonville, east of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Malden,
Ont. (Maclagan.) Low flats along the River Thames, London, Ont.
(Saunders & Burgess.)
(1829.) A. tuberculata, Mog.
A. rusocarpa, Mog. DC. Prod. XTIL., II., 278.
A. cannabina, var. concatenata, Mog. DC. Prod. XIIL., IT., 278.
Montelia tamariscina, var. concatenata, Gray, Man. 418, 1868.
This form has the flowers, on the lower part of the stem, gathered
into close clusters in the axils of the leaves, On sand along the Uttawa
River at Brittania, near Ottawa. (Macoun.) Low, wet fields, London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
398 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
LXXXII. CHENOPODIACE®. Goostroot Famity.
505. MONOLEPIS, Schrad.
(1830.) M. chenopodioides, Mog.
Bhitum Nuttallianum, R. & 8. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
B. chenopodioides, Nutt. Hook. Fl, II., 126.
A low annual on saline soil throughout the prairie region to the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Alkaline soil, Wood Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dr. Millman.) Abundant in numerous places on the Souris
Plain. (J. M. Macoun.) Carlton House on the North Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.)
506. CHENOPODIUM, Linn. (GOOSEFOOT.)
(1831.) €. album, Linn. Lamb’s Quarters.
Very abundant as a weed in cultivated grounds, in waste places, and
around barns. Introduced in all the eastern provinces, but certainly
indigenous throughout the prairie region. On the line of the Canada
Pacific Railway, this species has already taken possession of the em-
bankments and even ditches and grows stout and tall, extending now
to the Pacific. It is frequently used as a pot herb. Common at Vic-
toria, B.C. (Filetcher.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’
(Schwatka.) Eastern arctic America. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1832.) C. leptophyilum, Nutt.
C. album, var. leptophyllum, Moquin, Macoun’s Cat. No. 1477.
Easily distinguished from C. album by its linear leaves and small
flowers. Generally amongst sand-hills from Long Lake westward to
the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Gravelly soil, Wood End, Souris
River. (Burgess.)
Var. subglabrum, Watson.
Abundant on sand hills at the source of the Qu’Appelle, N.W.T.,
July 11th, 1879. (Macoun.)
(1833.) C. hybridum, Linn. Maple-leaved Goosefoot.
C. urbicum ? Hook. FI. II., 127.
Introduced in Quebec and Ontario, generally found around towns and
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 399
villages in company with C. album. It is indigenous on the shores of
Lake Winnipeg and throughout the North-west, extending northward
to Bear Lake, Lat. 64°, and westward along the Canadian Pacific
Railway to the Pacific. Common at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(1834.) ©, ursicum, Linn.
C. urbicum, var. rhombifolium, Mog. Fowler’s Cat. No. 4380.
Introduced eastward in ballast, sparingly around some of the western
towns and villages. Ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (dacoun.) Streets
of Fredericton, and at the railway depot, Carleton, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Waste places around Ottawa. (fletcher, Fl. Ott.) In the streets of
Stirling Village, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Waste places, Toronto.
(A. Fowler.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) -
(1835.) ©. Borrys, Linn. Jerusalem Oak.
Sparingly introduced along railway embankments and on sandy or
gravelly beaches. Sea shore at Pennant, N.S. (Sommers.) On the
shore at Government House, Fredericton, N.B. (owler’s Cat.) Waste
places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Grand Trunk Station, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.) Sandy fields rear of Picton, also near Belleville and
on the roadside north of Colborne, Ont. ; sandy beaches, Point Edward
near Sarnia, and at Niagara Falls. (dfacoun.) Roadsides, common
at Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.) Waste places, not common at
London. (Saunders.) Sandy soil at Hamilton and Southampton, Ont.
(Burgess.) St. Catharines. (Maclagan.) Dundas Road near Toronto.
(A. Fowler.) Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo. (David F. Day.)
(1836.) ©. amBrosioipes, Linn.
Sparingly introduced in western Ontario. Roadsides, Stewarton,
Ottawa. (letcher.) Common near Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.)
Malden near Amherstburgh. (Maclagan.) Rare at London. (Saunders.)
Var. ANTHELMINTICUM, Gray. Wormseed.
Chenopodium anthelminticum, Michx. Fl. I., 173.
On the shore of Lake Erie at Fort Erie. (David F. Day.)
(1837.) C. glaucum, Linn. Oak-leaved Goosefoot.
Biitum glaucum, Koch. Watson, Rev. Chenop. 101.
Introduced eastward but indigenous on saline soils throughout the
prairie region. Waste places at Ottawa. (Pletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity
of Toronto. (Macoun.) Neighborhood of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Common in the streets of Hamilton. (letcher.) Saline soil, Wood
400 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
End, Souris River, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Very common on newly
broken, saline soil from Winnipeg throughout the prairie region and
across the Rocky Mountains on the line of Canadian Pacific Railway.
(Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to Cumberland House and Fort Edmon-
ton on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
(1838.) C. Bonus-Henricts, Linn. Good-King-Henry.
Blitum Bonus-Henricus, C. A. Meyer. Gray, Man. 408, 1868. Macoun’s
Cat., No. 1486.
Occasionally introduced. Roadside, South Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Waste places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of
Hamilton. (Buchan.)
(1839.) C. capitatum, Benth. & Hook. Strawberry Blite.
Blitum capitatum, Linn. Gray, Man. 408, 1868. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1484.
Common on sandy shores, in newly cleared lands and in river
bottoms from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward to Great Slave
Lake and Alaska. Very common in the Rocky Mountains on the
railway embankments.
(1840.) ©. rubrum, Linn.
Blitum rubrum, Reich. Watson, Rey. Chenop., 99.
B. maritimum, Nutt. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260. Macoun’s Cat.,
No. 1485.
B. polymorphum, C. A. Meyer. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1487.
Newfoundland. (WMorrison.) Rather infrequent on saline soil in the
prairie region, but becoming more abundant as the land is broken up.
Common at Broadview, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Alkaline soil, Coteau
de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) About the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.) At Palliser in the Kicking Horse Valley, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Straits of De Fuca, B.C. (Scouler.)
Var. humile, Moquin.
Chenopodium humile, Hook. FI. II., 127. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1480.
Blitum rubrum, Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep., 260.
On dried mud, borders of saline marshes and ponds throughout the
prairie region, but not common. (Macoun.) Saline marshes along the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 401
507. ATRIPLEX, Linn. (ORACHE.)
(1841.) A. patuna, Linn.
Specimens, which we take for the species, are almost smooth and
bright green, with the cusps of the leaves erect. In every case
introduced. This form is found around almost all towns and villages
in Ontario.
Var. hastata, Gray.
A, laciniata, Pursh FI. I., 199.
A, hastata, Linn. Matthew, Can. Nat. XII, 159.
Chenopodium rubrum, Hook. FI. II., 127, in part.
On sands along the seashore and abundant on the margins of saline
lakes in the prairie region. Shores of Anticosti, both an erect and
decumbent form, also on sand beaches, North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Halifax, N.S. (ZLawson.) Several
forms of this very variable species occur along the sea coast of New
Brunswick. (J owler’s Cat.) Roadside in Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.)
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Along the Welland Canal at Port Col-
borne. (David F. Day.) Very common on newly broken saline soil
from Winnipeg to Laggan in the Rocky Mountains. The western
form is very scurfy and stout but is often branching and decumbent
amongst sand. Leaves very variable.
Var. subspicata, Watson.
A. angustifolia, Hook. Fl. IL., 128, in part
A. hastata, var. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
Borders of saline marshes in the Cypress Hills and northward along
their base. (Macoun.) Saline marshes of the Saskatchewan.
Var. littoralis, Gray.
Atriplex: littoralis, Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
From New Brunswick and Canada to New York. ( Watson.) Salt
marshes and on ballast at Carleton, N.B. (Hay.) Common along the
board fences and in waste places of the streets bordering on the Bay,
‘Toronto. (Macoun.) Waste places at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Drew’s Harbour, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.) Near Fort’ Wrangel,
Sitka, (Meehan.)
(1842.) A. Rosa, Linn.
Sparingly introduced near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
402 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1843.) A. Alaskensis, Waison.
Shores of Queen Charlotte’s Islands. (Dawson.) Barlow’s Cove,
Alaska. (Dr. A. Kellogg.)
(1844.) A. zosterzefolia, Watson.
Chenopodium (?) zosterzefolium, Hook. Fl. II., 127.
North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.) Straits of De Fuca, in
salt marshes. (Scouler.) Drew’s Harbor and Knox Harbor, B.C.
(Dawson.)
(1845.) A. Gmelini, C. A. Meyer.
A. angustifolia, Hook. F1. II., 128, in part.
(2) A. littoralis, Hook. Fl. II.,127. Rothr. Alask. 455.
Bay of Escholtz. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound and Norton Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.) Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (Bongard.)
(1846.) A. Endolepis, Watson.
Endolepis Suckleyana, Torr. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1501.
On clay slopes of the South Saskatchewan at the Elbow ; also on
clay banks of a creek east of Hand Hills. (Macoun.) Saline soil, Wood
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1847.) A. arenaria, Nutt.
Obione arenaria, Matthew, Canad. Nat. XII., 159.
Sea coast of Nova Scotia. (Watson.) We have no other record of
this species.
(1848.) A. argentea, Nutt.
Obione (?) argentea, Moq. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1496.
Abundant on clay slopes of the South Saskatchewan at the Elbow,
and doubtless common on arid clay far up that river. (Macoun.)
Alkaline soil, White Mud River, 49th parallel, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
(1849.) A. Nuttallii, Watson.
A. canescens, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 128. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
Obione canescens, Mog. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1495.
Very common on arid soil from Moose Jaw Creek to the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Sterile soil, Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) Verdigris Coulée, Milk River Ridge, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
Abundant on dry gravelly slopes, Souris Plain, also along Maple Creek,
north of Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.) Salt marshes of the Sas-
katchewan and Slave River. (ichardson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 403
508. EUROTIA, Adanson.
(1850.) E. lanata, Moquin.
Diotis lanata, Pursh FI. II., 602.
Eurotia ceratoides Hook. Fl. II.,126. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
On the tops of dry hills, west and southwestward from Old Wives
Lakes. (Macoun.) Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Clay
soil, Short Creek and Céteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
Walsh Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway. (J. MZ. Macoun.)
Verdigris Coulée, Milk River Ridge, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
509. CORISPERMUM, Linn.
(1851.) C. hyssopifolium, Linn.
Lake Erie shore above Fort Erie. (David F. Day.) On the shore
of Lake Huron at Goderich. (Burgess.) Abundant on a sand beach,
a little west of Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassiz.) Sandy shore, Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Sandy banks of the Red, Saskatchewan and Athabasca rivers. (Douglas
& Drummond.) GreatSlave Lake. (Richardson.) Sandy banks along
the South Saskatchewan and Red Deer rivers, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Point Barrow to the Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.)
510. SALICORNIA, Linn. (GLASSWORT.)
(1852.) S. mucronata, Bigel.
S. Virginica, Moquin. Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst., Vol. IV., Pt. IL., 206.
On the sea coast from Nova Scotia southward. ( Watson.) Sea coast
at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
(1853.) S. herbacea, Linn. ®
S. Virginica, Linn. Pursh Fl. I.
S. herbacea, var. prostrata, Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
Salt marshes west side of Anticosti, and generally around the coast
of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island and New Brunswick. Very
abundant on the margins of saline lakes throughout the prairie region.
2
404 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1854.) S. ambigua, Michx.
S. radicans, Hook. Fl. II., 126.
S. fruticosa, var. ambigua, Macoun’s Cat., No. 1492.
Straits of De Fuca, Northwest America. (Scouler.) Vancouver
Island near Victoria. (H. D. Jones.) Muddy flat near Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.) Dyrew’s Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
511. SUAEDA, Forsk. (SEA BLITE.)
(1855.) S. linearis, Torr. var. ramosa, Watson.
Salsola salsa, Michx. Fl. I.,174. Pursh FI. I., 197.
Chenopodium maritimum, Pursh Fl. I., 198. Hook. Fl. IT., 126 (?).
Chenopodina maritima, Gray, Man., 366, 1858.
Suzda maritima, Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst., Vol. IV., Pt. I1., 206. Macoun’s
Cat., No. 1498.
On sea beaches at the mouth of Becscie River, Anticosti. (Jacoun.)
On the sea coast from the mouth of the St. Lawrence southward.
(Watson.) Seashore at Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.) Beaches at Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Salt marshes on the coast of New Brunswick.
(Fowler's Cat.)
(1856.) S. depressa, Watson.
Salsola depressa, Pursh FI. I., 197.
Chenopodina calceoliforme, Hook. Fi. II., 126.
C. prostrata, Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 260.
In salt marshes and around the borders of brackish ponds and lakes
throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) About Fort Carlton.
(Drummond.) Borders of alkaline ponds, Milk River, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) Chinaman’s Ranche and other places above Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) °
Var. erecta, Watson.
S. maritima, Porter, Fl. Col., 118.
Bordering many saline lakes and ponds and in marshes throughout
the prairie region. (Macoun.) Saline soil, Coteau de Missouri, 49th
parallel. (Burgess.) Salt marshes, Swift Current Creek and Old
Wives Lakes, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Chilcoten River and dry
interior of British Columbia. (Dawson.) Chinaman’s Ranche and
other places above Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 405
512. SALSOLA, Linn. (SALTWORT.)
(1857.) S. Kali, Linn.
S. Caroliniana, Michx. Fl. I., 174.
Along the sea-coast on sand or gravel bars. On Sydney Bar, near
North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Harrington.) Seashore at
Pictou, N.S., and the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.)
Halifax Harbor and Cow Bay near Dartmouth, N.S. (How & Lindsay.)
Common along the seashores of New Brunswick. (fowler’s Cat.)
513. SARCOBATUS, Nees. (GREASE WOOD.)
(1858.) S. vermiculatus, Torrey.
Batis (2) vermiculata, Hook. FI. II., 128.
Fremontia vermicularis, Lond. Journ. Bot. IV., 481.
Rather uncommon on arid clay flats in company with Cactus in the
southwestern part of the prairie region. Porcupine Creek and west-
ward but not to the Rocky Mountains, also near Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Dawson.) Alkaline soil, Coteau de Missouri, N.W.T.
(Burgess.) Arid soil along Cottonwood Creek, Cypress Hills, also on
the plain north of the hills near Island Lake, and abundant at the west
end of Rush Lake, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
514. CYCLOLOMA, Moquin. (WINGED PIG-WEED.)
(1859.) ©. PLaTypHYLLuUM, Mog.
Salsola platiphylla, Michx. FI. I., 174.
Sandy roadsides, along several streets in the north-west part of the
City of London, Ont. Fully established and spreading. An importa-
tion from the west. (Burgess.)
LXXXIIl. PHYTOLACCACEA. Pokrwrrp Famity.
515. PHYTOLACCA, Linn. (POKEWEED.)
(1860.) P. decandra, Linn. Pigeon Berry, Garget.
On sandy soil and waste places. It is often a conspicuous weed around
Lake Erie. On the roadside between Castleton and Norham, Northum-
406 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
berland Co., Ont., also in the vicinity of Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Brockville and Prescott. (Billings.) Roadside near
Stony Creek, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie) Port Rowan. (Buchan.)
Chippewa and Malden. (Maclagan.) Along Port Stanley Railway
near the town. (Saundersd& Burgess.) Pelee Point, Lake Hrie, rather
common amongst sand. (J. M. Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.)
LXXXIV. POLYGONACE®. Buckwseat Famity.
516. ERICONUM, Michx.
(1861.) E. flavum, Nutt.
E. sericeum, Pursh Fl. I., 277.
E. crassifolium, Hook. Fi. II., 134. Dawson, Bound. Rep. 372.
Found chiefly on the slopes of gravelly hills and ridges in the prairie
region. Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) From the
mouth of Qu’Appelle River westward to Morley, on gravel ridges.
(Macoun.) Gravelly hill-side, Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel,
and on ridges along Belly River. (Dawson.) Dry slopes, Souris Plain,
and on sides of coulées, Cypress Hills. (J. Mf Macoun.) Rocky Moun-
tains. (Bourgeau.)
(1862.) E. androsaceum, Benth.
E. czspitosum, Hook. FI. IT., 134.
Rocky Mountains of British America. (TVatson.) On dry limestone
slopes, Bow River Pass, also on the summits of Canmore and Castle
Mountains in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Alpine spots
among the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. Liat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) A small
tufted species with the habit of a Primula or Androsace. (Hooker.)
(1863.) E. umbetlatum, Torrey.
South Kootanie Pass, and western summit of North Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains; also Coldwater River, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1864.) E. heracleoides, Nutt.
On mountain slopes above Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
Gravelly slopes, Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Not uncommon
from Spence’s Bridge to Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 107
(1865.) E. ovalifolium, Nutt.
Slopes in the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) North-
ward to British Columbia. ( Watson.)
(1866.) E. multiceps, Nees.
Eriogonum, No. III. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 373.
Erivgonum, No. TV. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 373.
Gravelly soil, Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Wood
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
517. KOENICIA, Linn.
(1867.) K. Islandica, Linn.
North Bluff, Upper Savage Islands, and Mansfield Island, Hudson’s
Strait. (R. Bell.) Moist mountains north of Smoky River, Lat. 54°.
(Drummond.) Bay of Escholtz. (Chamisso.)
518. POLYCONUM, Linn. (KNOTWEED.)
(1868.) P. Paronychia, Cham. & Schlecht.
Sea-coast of Vancouver Island, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.) Sands
of the seashore of straits of De Fuca. (Menzies.)
(1869.) P. aviculare, Linn. Knotgrass, Door-weed.
Very abundant around dwellings as an introduced weed, but indige-
nous in various forms westward, or all the strictly native forms may be
included in the next. Wherever the smallest settlement is made this
species and Capsella Bursa-pastoris are sure to appear. It extends
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and north to the Arctic Circle and
Alaska. South of the arctic circle in Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1870.) P. erectum, Linn.
P. aviculare, var. erectum, Gray, Man. 417, 1868.
Roadsides and in waste places about towns in Ontario ; quite com-
mon along the trails and where the ground is cultivated in the North-
west. Waste places around London, Ont. (Burgess.) Common in the
streets of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Forms approaching this were
collected at Toronto, Sarnia and at Port Arthur in Ontario, while in
the North-west it extends to Silver City in the Rocky Mountains,
Along the Canadian Pacific Railway at Walsh Station. (J. M. Macoun.)
Coulée at the West Butte, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
408 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1871.) P. minimum, Waison.
Slopes of the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
(1872.) P. maritimum, Linn. Coast Knotgrass.
P. aviculare, var. littorale, Gray, Man. 374, 1856.
Coast of Anticosti at Jupiter River and at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) On Amherst and Grindstone Islands, Magdalen Islands,
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay & J. Richardson.) Sea-shore at
Arisaig, N.S. (McKay.) Sandy sea-shore at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
Sandy sea-shore at Bass River, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Sandy
shore, Bic, River St. Lawrence, Q. (Pringle.) On sand along the
Penticate River, Q. (St. Cyr.)
(1873.) P. ramosissimum, Michx.
Sandy shores or dessicated places, principally westward. Sandy
shores, Manitoulin Island and Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) Mouth
of Mississaugi River, growing in crevices of rocks. (J. Bell.) Washow
Bay and other points on Lake Winnipeg. (J. WM. Macoun.) Abundant
from Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains, especially on the margins of
dried up pools. (Macoun.) South Fork of Old Man River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Sparingly in the Columbia Valley at Donald,
B.C. (Macoun.)
(1874.) P. tenue, Michx.
On sandy or rocky places from Ontario to the Pacitic. Rocky bank
of St. Lawrence, two miles west of Brockville. (Billings.) Orevices
of rocks, Kingston Mills. (Maclagan.) Crevices of Laurentian rocks
at Shannonville, Hastings Co. (Macoun.) Amongst rocks, Muskoka,
Ont. (Burgess.) Lake of the Woods, and in the Foot Hills of the
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Crevices of rocks, Rat Portage; also
occasionally in the prairie region to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun )
Occurs rather frequently on the Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun.) Sas-
katchewan region. (Bourgeau.) On gravel and sand, Thompson River,
B.C. (Hill.) Lytton, Spence’s Bridge and Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Var. latifolium, Engelm.
Upper part of South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. 1883. (Dawson.)
(1875.) P. coarctatum, Dougl.
Northward to British Columbia. (Watson.) Prairies at Nasqually Bay,
North-west coast. (Tolmie.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 409
Var. minus, Meisn.
Arctic America. (Franklin vide Watson.)
(1876.) P. imbricatum, Nutt.
On dry gravelly places where water stands in the spring. Abundant
east of the Hand Hills, and on the Cypress Hills near the eastern
end. (Macoun.)
(1877.) P. articulatum, Willd.
In- sandy, barren fields, Canada. (Pursh.) Rather common on
sand at Point Aux Pins, eight miles above the Sault Ste. Marie.
(Macoun.) About the Saskatchewan. (Drummond & Richardson.)
North Shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
(1878.) P. nodosum, Persoon.
Shore of Gull Island, Lake Nipigon, Ont. ; also growing on mud at
the mouth of Beaver Creek, Columbia Valley, B.C. (Macoun.) Rupert
House, James Bay ; and shore of Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg.
(J. M. Macoun.) On alluvial soil at Port Moody, B.C. (dill.)
(1879.) P. incarnatum, Ell.
P. nodosum, var. incarnatum, Gray, Man., 372, 1856.
P. lapathifolium, Cat. Holmes Herb., 16.
Wet borders of streams, especially on alluvium. Local but abun-
dant when found. Strait of Canso, Guysboro’ Co., N.S. (Ball.) At
Keswick and Moncton, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Abundant about the
suburbs of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Waste places common at Pres-
cott. (Billings.) Abundant at Hull and other places around Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common along the Bay of Quinte and on flats
along the River Moira at Belleville, also common in cultivated fields,
Seymour West, Northumberland Co., Ont., and along the shores of
islands in Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie
& Buchan.) Not uncommon, along the borders of creeks, at London.
(Saunders & Burgess.)
(1880.) P. Pennsylvanicum, Linn.
Moist soil; usually in ditches or depressions in pastures. Windsor,
N.S. (How.) Vicinity of Shediac, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Moist
soil at Beauport, near Quebec, (St. Cyr.) Mouth of River St.
Pierre and other places near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Very
common at Ottawa in low rich soil, and at Casselman on the Canada
Atlantic, forty miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common
410 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
around Prescott. (Billings.) In ditches along the G. T. Railway, five
miles below Shannonville Station, also along the Salmon River, three
miles above the Railway Bridge. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.) Low grounds around Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.)
Niagara District and at Malden. (Maclagan.) Common at London
and Windsor, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.)
(1881.) P. lapathifoilum, Ait. var. incanum, Koch.
P. lapathifolium, var. lanatum, Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 259.
Apparently introduced eastward, but indigenous from Ontario west-
ward. On ballast heaps, Pictou, N.S. ; margins of pools and lakelets,
south of Battleford and at the Red Deer lakes. (Macoun.) Saskat-
chewan region. (Bourgeau.)
(1882.) P. amphibium, Linn. Waiter Persicaria.
P.amphibium, var. aquaticum, Gray, Man., 416, 1868.
P. coccineum, Muhl. Cat. Holmes Herb,, 16.
In ponds and slow flowing water extending from Quebec and Ontario
westward across the continent to the Pacific. Swamp, St. Denis Street,
Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Quite common throughout Ontario and
in nearly all the fresh water ponds in the prairie region and interior of
British Columbia.
(1883.) P. Muhlenbergii, Watson.
P. amphibium, vay. terrestre, Gray, Man. 416, 1868.
P. amphibium, var. 8. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep. 259.
P. amphibium, var. terrestre, Macoun’s Cat. No. 1509, in part.
In ditches and on the borders of ponds at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Abundant in dried up pools and on the margins of small brooks in the
prairie region from Moose Jaw Creek westward to Morley. (Macoun.)
Along Belly River, near Fort McLeod. (Dawson.) Shallow water,
Céteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Saskatchewan region.
(Bourgeau.) Rather common in the Columbia Valley at Donald, B.C.
(Macoun.)
(1884.) P. Hartwrightii, Gray.
P. amphibium, var. terrestre of Canadian Botanists.
P. coccineum, var. terrestre, Cat. Holmes Herb., 16.
Distinguished from P. amphibium by its foliaceous and ciliate sheaths,
on the other hand P. Muhlenbergiz is without ciliate sheaths but is
rough with appressed hairs all over. This species is chiefly found
around ponds and in mud on the margins of lakes. In marshes at
Salt Lake and Becscie River, Anticosti, (Macoun.) Along the
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 411
Ottawa and Rideau rivers near Ottawa, also Nation River at Cassel-
man, (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Boucherville Island near Montreal, 1821.
(Holmes.) Moist ground north of the Junction Freight Shed, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.) Shore of the Bay of Quinte at Zwick’s Island, near
Belleville, swamp between Bridgewater and Flinton, Hastings Co. ;
also at head of the marsh, Owen Sound Bay. (Mucoun.) Vicinity of
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (2. Bell.) Wet places around Hamilton.
(Buchan.) Point Abino, Lake Erie. (Judge Clinton.)
(1885.) P. Persicarta, Linn. Lady’s Thumb.
Very common in waste places around dwellings and low rich culti-
vated soils. Hxtensively naturalized and spreading with settlements
to all parts of the country both in Manitoba and British Columbia.
(1886.) P. Hypropiper, Linn. Smart-weed.
P. mite, Ell. Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.
In ditches by roadsides, and on roads in woods eastward and
apparently introduced, but westward it is found on the margins of
lakes, ponds and rivers where settlement has never taken place. It is
easily distinguished from the next by its triangular, black and shining
achenium.
(1887.) P. acre, HBK. Water Smartweed.
P. hydropiperoides, Pursh. Fl. I., 270.
Wet places, principally in small brooks in woods. Small brooks
near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Abundant along Conway’s Creek
near Prescott. (Billings.) In a ditch a little north of the paper mill,
Belleville, also in a brook between Trenton and Belleville. (Macoun.)
Wet places around Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.) In shallow water,
Parry Sound and Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of London.
(Saunders.)
(1888.) P. hydropiperoides, Michx. Mild Water-pepper.
P. mite, Pers. Pursh, FI. I., 270.
In flowing water or where it is constantly wet. Bloomfield, King’s
Co., N.B. (Brittain.) Very common at Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.)
Common in ditches and brooks around Ottawa and at Casselman on
the Nation River. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Marshy banks of the Nation
River at the crossing of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway.
(Billings.) Common in ditches at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Malden
near Amherstburgh, Ont. (M€nclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) Shallow water at London. (Burgess.) Very abundant in
ditches at Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.)
3
412 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1889.) P. Careyi, Olney.
Wet sandy shore, in shade, mouth of Moose River, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.)
(1890.) P. onrentate, Linn. Prince’s Feather.
A weed in many gardens at Belleville and in the Counties of Hastings
and Prince Edward, Ont. (Macoun.) Gardens and waste heaps at
Ottawa, (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Waste places at Toronto and London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
(1891.) P. Bistorta, Linn.
P. bistortoides, Pursh. Fl. IT., 271.
Arctic sea coast. (Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow
and northern coast. (Rotir. Alask.)
(1892.) P. viviparum, Linn. Alpine Bistort.
Quite common on cold, boggy points along lakes in the northern
parts of Canada. Mouth of Eel River, N.B. (Mletcher.) Very
abundant along the coast of Anticosti, especially in boggy places at
the mouths of rivers; exposed points along the Gaspé coast from
Cape Rosier to Matane, also on Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspé; mouth of the Pic River, and on St. Ignace Island, and in
boggy places, Red Rock, Lake Superior, also on Livingston Point, Lake
Nipigon. (Macoun.) On the St. Lawrence at Bic. (Pringle.) Ford’s
Harbour, coast of Labrador; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait; also mouth of
Churchill River, Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.) Swampy ground in the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains,
and eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass: also along Eligue
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) In swampy places at the confluence of the
Peace and Nation Rivers, northern British Columbia, and on Mount
Selwyn, in the Peace River Pass; also very abundant throughout the
whole Rocky Mountain region in Lat, 51°. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains.
(Bourgeau.) Common along the Arctic coast and islands. (Richardson.)
West coast of America, from Observatory Inlet to Alaska. (Hooker.)
Sitka and Ounalashka, and along the coast generally. (Rothr. Alask.)
Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.) Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcan River, lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
(1893.) P. polymorphum, Ledeb.
P. alpinum, Hook, FI. IL, 181.
From the British boundary to Alaska. (Bot. Calif.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Chamisso.) Arctic sea-coast. (Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound and
Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.) Plover Bay, Alaska. (M. Dale.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 413
(1894.) P. Virginianum, Linn.
Thickets in rich soil; near Pictou, N.S. (MeKay.) (?) Boucherville
Island, near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Malden and islands in Detroit
River. (Maclagan.) Shaded gravelly river flat, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Creek three miles north of London. (Saunders.) Red Creek, near
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(1895.) P. arifolium, Linn. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb.
Low grounds, not common ; vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Lyndsay.) (?)
Low grounds, Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowlers Cat.) Hopedale, N.B.
(Brittain.) Common at Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Swamps near
Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie and Buchan.)
Low grounds, Chippewa, Ont. (Maclagan.)
(1896.) P. sagittatum, Linn. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.
Low grounds and swamps, rather common, from Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, throughout Quebec and Ontario to the
Saskatchewan. It seems to be more abundant in beaver meadows in
northern Ontario than anywhere else.
(1897.) P. Convotvuivs, Linn. Black Bindweed.
A naturalized weed in cultivated fields extending from the Atlantic
to the Pacific. This species is frequently a great nuisance in potato-
fields, often covering many square yards of the surface. It has already
become a vile weed in Manitoba, and Mr. Fletcher makes the same
report from British Columbia.
(1898.) P. cilinode, Michx.
Very abundant in sandy pine-woods and other suitable localities from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario, and
northward to Hudson Bay and west to Lesser Slave Lake, near Peace
River.
(1899.) P. dumetorum, Linn. Var. scandens, Gray. Climbing
False Buckwheat.
P. dumetorum, Linn. Gray, Man. 375, 1856.
P. scandens, Pursh, Fl. I., 273. Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.
Rather uncommon, climbing over shrubs in low rich soil, mostly in
river bottoms. Near Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Near Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) In damp thickets climbing over bushes 8-12 feet high.
Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Along the banks of the Riviére-du-Loup,
Que. (Thomas.) Near Hallowell’s, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) At March
near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Beaver meadows, North Hastings, and
414 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. ds
along brooks, Oak Hills, South Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Near St. Thomas. (Miss Kate Crooks.)
St. Catherines, Niagara and Malden. (Maclagan.) Thickets at King-
ston, Ont., and at Port Stanley, on Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Borders
of a creek half a mile west of London, Ont. (Saunders.) North
shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Climbing over bushes at the
Qu’Appelle Lakes, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Forming almost impene-
trable thickets near the source of the Qu’Appelle, at Swift Current
Creek, and at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Winnipeg and North-West Angle Road, also Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.)
(1900.) P. rarraricum, Linn. Rough Buckwheat.
In cultivated and waste grounds; escaped from cultivation. Culti-
vated and waste grounds, N.B. (fowler’s Cat.)
519. FACOPYRUM, Coertn. (BUCKWHEAT.)
(1901.) F. ESCULENTUM, “Moench.
Polygonum Fagopyrum, Pursh, Fl. I., 273.
Adventitious in cultivated fields, on waste heaps, by roadsides, and in
the neighbourhood of towns and villages from Nova Scotia throughout
Canada where there are settlements.
520. OXYRIA, Hill. (MOUNTAIN SORRELL.)
(1902.) O. digyna, Campdera.
O. reniformis, Hook, Fl. IT., 129.
Rumex digynus, Pursh. Fl. I. 248.
On high mountains or exposed shores in the north. Summit of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, Que. (Macoun.) Labrador.
(Morrison.) Nachvak, coast of Labrador, Port Burwell (Cape Chud-
leigh), Cape Prince of Wales, Nottingham and Digge’s Islands off
Cape Wolstenholme, Hudson Straits. (&. Bell.) Common in the
Rocky Mountains and on the Arctic sea-shores. (Richardson & Drum-
mond.) Rocky Mountains 6,000 feet altitude, 49th parallel, also eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) On high mountains in
the Bow River and Kicking Horse Passes, and on Mount Selwyn in the
Peace River Pass, also common in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C,
(Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Islands of Sitka, Ouna-
lashka and St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne and the
Arctic coast. (Rothr. Alask.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 415
521. RUMEX, Linn. (DOCK. SORRELL.)
(1903.) R. venosus, Pursh. Fl. IT., 733.
On sand hills and banks around the sources of the Qu’Appelle, and
on sand hills north of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) In stream
valleys in the Cypress Hills and at Swift Current Creek, N. W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.) Bank of stream south of Wood Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson & Millman.) Near Fort Carlton, on the Sas-
katchewan. (Richardson.)
(1904.) R. occidentalis, Watson. Proced.. Am. Acad. XIL., 253.
R. longifolius, D.C. Gray’s B.A. 420. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1537.
R. domesticus, Hartm. MRoths. Alask. 453.
R. domesticus, Hartm. Hook. FI. II., 129.
R. domesticus, Hartm. Bourgeau, Palliser’s Rep., 259.
From Alaska to the Saskatchewan and Labrador. ( Watson.) Swampy
ground, Salt Lake, Anticosti. (dMacoun.) In a marshy place at a mill
pond near Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Eastern shores of Lake
Nipigon, Ont.; western shores of Lake Winnipegoosis; Hand Hills
and Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (dMacoun.) Around Moose Mountain Lake,
N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Saskatchewan region. (Bourgeau.) Marshy
ground at Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. (A. Bell.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.) Sitka, Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound to Wain-
wright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.) Marshes of the Saskatchewan to the
Rocky Mountains and northward to the Arctic sea. (Richardson &
Drummond.) Rather common in swampy meadows from Morley west-
ward to the summit of the Rockies. (Jacoun.)
(1905.) R. Pavientia, Linn.
Adventitious at Belleville, but apparently fully established in the
vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (MJacoun.)
(1906.) R. orbiculatus, Gray.
R. Hydrolopathum, Huds. Var. (?) Americanum, Gray.
R. Brittanica aquaticus (?) Pursh. FI. I., 248.
R. Brittanicus, Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.
R. acutus, Linn. (?) Hooker Fl. IT., 130,
R. sanguineus, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 130, in part.
In marshes, swamps, beaver meadows and river bottoms rather
common. In wet places, Kent Co., N.B. (fowler’s Cat.) In marshes,
quite abundant, at Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Abundant on flats
along the Bay of Chaleur, and less common along the Gaspé coast.
416 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(Macoun.) Gregory’s meadows, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) By the
side of the River Rouge, near Silver Mountain, Ottawa Co.,Q. (D’ Urban.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Conway’s Creek and wet
places, rare, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Very abundant in swamps
and grassy places in all parts of Ontario west to Owen Sound, and also
at the Sault Ste. Marie and ten miles up the Kaministiquia west of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie and Buchan.) Islands
in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Shallow water, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Woody places and barren country beyond lat. 64°. ( Richardson.)
(1907.) R. salicifolius, Weinmann. White Dock.
Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) New Mills, Campbellton, N.B,
(Chalmers.) Shore of Richibucto River, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Isle
St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Coast of Gaspé above Point
Fame; also along Colpoy’s Bay, Bruce Peninsula ; shore of St.
Ignace at the fishing stations, and Red Rock, Lake Superior, also on
the shore of Lake Nipigon ; very common around salt ponds
throughout the prairie region to Silver City in the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Saline soil, Fort Garry, Man., 1873. (Burgess.) Selkirk,
Man., and around salt ponds Souris Plain. (J M. Macoun.) Saskat-
chewan region. (Bourgeau.) Lake Winnipeg to Great Bear Lake
and Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Garnett’s Ranche, Old Man River,
foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Sitka. (othr. Alask.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(1908.) R. verticillatus, Linn. Swamp Dock.
Wet swamps and ditches. Near Pictou, N.S. (?) (McKay.) Lachine
Road, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Along the banks of streams inland and northward from Prescott, Ont. ;
common. (Billings.) Belceil Mountain, Q., and Malden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
In ditches and along rivers and small streams throughout central
Ontario. (Macoun.) Ditches vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.)
Swampy places, London, and on Point Pelee, Essex Co., Ont.
(Burgess.)
(1909.) R. crispus, Linn. Curled Dock.
Thoroughly established in cultivated fields, ditches and by roadsides
from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to Manitoba, and
sparingly in British Columbia.
(1910.) R. oprusiroxivs, L. Bitter Dock.
Naturalized about towns and cities, but very seldom seen in fields.
Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Tabusintac, on the Bathurst Road, N.B.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 417
(Fowler's Cat.) Germain Brook, King’s Co., N.B. (Brittain.) Envi-
rons of Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Ditch near Beaver Hall, Montreal, 1821.
(Holmes.) In waste places around Ottawa, rare. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Waste lots, Belleville, Ont., also at Castleton, Sarnia and Owen Sound ;
very common at the Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.) East of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Borders of fields; common, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1911.) R. saneurnevs, Linn. Bloody-veined Dock.
Sparingly introduced in Ontario, but apparently plentiful in parts of
Nova Scotia. Three-mile House, near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.) Abun-
dant at Digby, Annapolis, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Common
at Riviére-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Port Stanley Railway track two
miles from London, Ont. (Saunders.)
(1912.) R. maritimus, Linn. Golden Dock.
R. persicarioides, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 180.
Shore, near the mouth of Molus River, and at Shediac, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Green’s Creek, six miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher Fi.
Ott.) Along a ditch leading from the distillery at Belleville to the Bay
of Quinte, Ont. Very common in marshes and on the borders of saline
ponds throughout the prairie region to Silver City in the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) At Selkirk and numerous points on Lake
Winnipeg ; saline ponds Souris Plain. (J. MZ Macoun.) Marshes at
Pincher Creek, foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Plains of
the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, also shore of Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.) Saskatchewan region. (Bourgeau.)
(1913.) R. Acrtosa, Linn. Common Sorrell.
Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Introduced with lawn grass at
Belleville and Toronto, and well established; abundant at Point-aux-
Pins, above Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.) Waste places; very rare at
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Quite common at Victoria, V.I. (Fletcher.)
(1914.) R. pauciflorus, Nutt.
R. Acetosa, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 129 in part. Rothr. Alask., 453.
R. Engelmanni var. (?) Geyeri. DC. Prodro. XTV., 64.
Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, lat 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains; shores of Qualcho
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Rather common on grassy slopes between
Morley Station and Bow River, foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. In wet
meadows along the Telegraph Trail, B.C., Lat. 54°. (Macoun.)
Kotzebue Sound. (othr. Alask.)
418 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1915.) R. Acetosella, Linn.
Abundant in sandy and barren soils from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick westward to the Pacific. This species seems to
be both native and introduced, especially eastward. In Ontario it is
certainly indigenous, and very abundant in the pine districts.
LXXxV. ARISTOLOCHIACE®. Brrrawort Faminy.
522. ASARUM, Linn. (WILD GINGER.)
(1916.) A. Canadense, Linn.
Rich woods amongst leaves and dead wood. Common in Ontario.
Abundant on the upper St. John, St. Francis, and Salmon rivers, Queen’s
Co., also on Eel River, and at Fredericton, Queensbury, Morrison’s
Mills, and in rich woods about Andover, and Darling’s Island, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Montreal mountain, Papineau woods, and other places at
Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) In a few low places along the River Rouge,
Ottawa Co., Q. (D’Urban.) Island of Orleans, Quebec. (Thomas.)
Sillery, Quebec, Nicolet and St. Anne, Champlain Co.,Q. (St. Cyr.)
Eastern Townships and Belceil Mountain, Q. (WMaclagan.) Very
common in rich woods around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common
in rich woods at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Kingston, Niagara and
Malden. (Maclagan.) Rich woods from Kingston west to Cobourg,
and north to Madoc and Peterboro’; also in woods at Owen Sound.
(Macoun.) Mountain side west of Hamilton, common. (Logie &
Buchan.) Common in rich woods at London. (Burgess.) Rich woods
some miles up the. Kaministiquia, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Rich wooded hillsides, Pembina Mountain, Man., 49th parallel. (Dawson
& Burgess.) Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
(1917.) A. caudatum, Lindl.
A. Canadense, Var. 8. Hook. FI. II., 139.
In rich woods on the lower slopes of the Cascade Mountains at Yale,
B.C. (Macoun.) Abundant in shady pine woods, among moss, on the
north-west coast. (Douglas.) Yale and Spuzzum, and along the
Goldstream, 12 miles from Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 419
LXXXVI. PIPERACEA. Pepper Famity.
523. SAURURUS, Linn. (LIZARD’S TAIL.)
(1918.) S. cernuus, Linn.
Rather local in Ontario, but abundant where found. Growing in
great profusion in mud along the Nation River at Casselman on the
Canada Atlantic Railway, 40 miles from Ottawa. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
On Charles Island, above Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Muddy places,
Chippewa and Malden. (Maclagan.) Mud flats at the mouth of the
Bayfield river, below Goderich, Lake Huron. (John Gibson.)
LXXXVII. LAURINEA. Laure. Faminy.
524. SASSAFRAS, Nees. (SASSAFRAS.)
(1919.) S. officinale, Nees.
Laurus Sassafras, Linn. Pursh. FI. I., 277.
In thickets as small shrubs at the mouth of the Humber, Toronto ;
abundant in the forest around Queenston Heights and becoming twenty
inches in diameter; evidently common all along Lake Erie in the forest
back from the lake; abundant at Pelee Point, Essex Co. (Macoun.)
At Ancaster and on Prince’s Island, also in Hast Flamboro’, between
the Waterdown Road and Burlington Bay. (Logie & Buchan.) Com-
mon in the Niagara district. (WMaclagan.) At the Whirlpool, Niagara
Falls, and Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.) Sandy woods
near Toronto and Mount Pleasant, Brant Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
525. LINDERA, Thunb. (WILD ALLSPICE.)
(1920.) L. Benzoin, Meisner. Spice Bush.
Benzoin odoriferum, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 137.
Laurus Benzoin, Linn. Pursh. Fl. I., 276.
L. Pseudo-Benzoin, Michaux FI. I., 243.
In boggy ground along the base of the hills four miles north of
Trenton; also around springs in numerous places, Quaker Valley, near
Wooler, and half a mile north of Colborne on the road to Castleton,
Northumberland Co., Ont.; forming a small tree in the woods around
Queenston Heights and on Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont.; also in low
woods, Royston Park, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) The Dell, Ancaster,
near Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.) Chippewaand Malden. (Maclagan.)
Low woods, near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Hnglish’s Woods and else-
where near London. (Saunders.)
4
420 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
LXXXVIII. THYMELAACE®. Mezereum Faminy.
526. DAPHNE, Linn. (MEZEREUM.)
(1921.) D. Mezereum, Linn.
Established on Montreal Mountain, where it has existed for many
years. There are,two old bushes, one with white, the other with the
ordinary lilac flower. A few fine healthy shrubs, which produce both
flowers and fruit, have been discovered within the last two years
in McKay’s woods, near Ottawa, by Mrs. Chamberlin and James
Fletcher. They are far from any home, in the thick woods and there
is no record of the Daphne having been cultivated by any person in
the neighborhood.
527. DIRCA, Linn. (LEATHER-WOOD. MOOSE-WOOD.)
8
(1922.) D. palustris, Linn.
Common, in rich and rocky woods in many parts of Ontario and Quebec.
Keswick Ridge, N.B. (G@. . Burnett.) Hillsborough, N.B. (Brittain.)
Montreal Mountain, 1821. (Holmes.) Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and
in woods at Nicolet, Q. (S¢. Cyr.) Abundant in woods on all soils,
Ottawa Co.,Q. (D’Urban.) Vicinity of Montreal, also at St. Valen-
tin, Q., and at Niagara, Ont. (Maclagan.) Very abundant in all low
woods around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods and thickets, very
common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Rich woods throughout
Northumberland Co., very rare in Hastings Co., but abundant at Owen
Sound and Queenston. (Macoun.) Sulphur Spring, Ancaster, and
other localities near Hamilton. (Dogie.) Carlisle, western Ontario.
(Buchan.)
LXXXIX. ELHAGNACEA. Oxuezasrer Faminy.
528. ELAZFACNUS, Linn. (SILVER BERRY.)
(1923.) E. argentea, Pursh.
Abundant on the Isle of Orleans, especially on a low rocky and
sandy point, between Grande Anse and Anse 4 Maranda. (St. Cyr.)
Very abundant west of Manitoba throughout the whole prairie
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 421
region, and extending far into the Rocky. Mountains, and south to the
boundary, being found where, owing to the fires, no other wood exists.
On trap rocks, east side of Lake Nipigon. From Winnipeg to Silver
City in the Rocky Mountains, north to Lat. 56°, in the Peace River
Pass, and down that river to near Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.) Thickets
along the 49th parallel from the Red River to Rocky Mountains, grow-
ing where no other shrubs are seen. (Dawson.) Spence’s Bridge,
B.C. (Fletcher.) From the Grand Rapids of the Saskatchewan to the
Rocky Mountains, and north to Lat. 69°, near the arctic coast.
(Richardson & Drummond.) James Bay and up the Missinaibi River.
(J. M. Macoun.) Wudson Bay. (Wuttall, vide Hooker.) astern
British America, north of arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
529. SHEPHERDIA, Nutt. (SHEPHERDIA.)
(1924.) S. Canadensis, Nutt. Canadian Shepherdia.
Hippophx Canadensis, Willd. Pursh, FI. I., 115.
On rocky hillsides and gravelly river banks, widely distributed but
seldom locally abundant. Narrows, Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.)
Clinging to rocky banks at Grand Falls, St. John, and at Cape Bon
Ami, Restigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) River Lachevrotiére, Port-
neuf Co., Isle of Or leans and Mingan Islands, and eastward along the
St. Lawrenée. (St. Cyr.) Along the St. Lawr ence at Quebec ; also at
Jones’ Falls, near Kingston, and Malden, Lake Erie. (Maclagan.) On
gravelly and rocky banks near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Rocky
banks of St. Lawrence west of Brockville. (Billings.) On gravelly
banks at Carleton Place, Casselman and Hull, near Ottawa ; common
along the dry rocky banks of the Moira and Trent, Ont., andl on the
Mountain Portage, Kakabeka Falls, west of Lake Superior also on
the east side of Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Various places along the Niagara River and Lake
Erie. (David F. Day.) Sandy or rocky banks, Kingston, London,
Niagara Falls and Southampton, Ont. (Burgess.) East side of La
Cloche Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Grindstone Point and other
places on Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Cypress Hills and Koo-
tanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Cypress Hills near Fort Walsh,
and on the steep slopes at the Hand Hills, Red Deer River ; on gravelly
slopes near Green Lake, 150 miles north of Carlton; also on the
banks of Peace River at Dunvegan, on the Parsnip north of Fort
McLeod, and on gravel along the Fraser at Quesnelle, B.C. (Macoun.)
Mount Finlayson and other places on Vancouver Island. Called “ Soop-
422 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
oo-lalie” by the Indians who make a drink from the berries. (F'letcher.)
Thoroughout Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, and
from Newfoundland and Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond.) astern British America, north of arctic
circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(1925.) S. argentea, Nutt. Buffalo-Berry.
Hippophex argentea, Pursh, FI. I., 115.
On the Saskatchewan between Carlton and Edmonton. (Drummond.)
On small hillocks at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba, on clay banks
of the Assiniboine above the mouth of the Souris; also in great pro-
fusion in the valley of the South Saskatchewan, from the Elbow to the
mouth of Swift Current Creek and up its valley ; in the valley of the
Red Deer River at the Hand Hills, forming dense thickets. (Macoun.)
White Mud River west of Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
XC. LORANTHACEA. Misrizror Fairy.
530. ARCEUTHOBIUM, Bieb.
(1926.) A. Americanum, Natt. American Mistletoe.
A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Macoun’s Cat., No. 1561.
A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Hook. Fl. I, 278, in part.
Parasitic on Pinus Banksiana, about 100 miles north of Fort Carlton,
on the trail to Green Lake. (Macoun.) On Pinus contorta (Murrayana)
in the Rocky Mountains, and thence eastward to Lat. 57°. (Drummond
& Douglas.) Parasitic on Pinus Murrayana, Elk River, Kootanie valley,
Rocky Mountains ; also between Similkameen and Nicola, and on the
same species of tree between the Blackwater River aud Quesnele, B.C,
On Pinus contorta at Victoria, Vancouver Island. Often very abundant
during certain seasons and in others scarcely seen. (Dawson.)
(1927.) A. robustum, Engelm.
A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Hook. FI. I, 278, in part.
On Pinus ponderosa, Kootanie valley, near Columbia Lakes, 1883.
(Dawson.) On Pinus ponderosa, west side of the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas.) Sir William Hooker, in his Flora Boreali Americana, figures
both species, but the first as the male plant and the second as the
fertile one. Douglas believed his specimens represented two species,
but Sir William thought differently.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 423
XCI. SANTALACEA. Sanpat-woop Fairy.
531. COMANDRA, Nutt. (BASTARD TOAD-FLAX.,)
(1928.) C. umbellata, Nutt.
Thesium umbellatum, Linn. Pursh, FI. I., 177.
T. corymbulosum, Michx. Fl. I., 112.
In meadows and dry grassy woods, and thickets. On a piece of dry
ground near Sydney Mines, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Lake St. Peter,
below Montreal. (Maclagan.) At Tadousac, Pointe des Monts: and
Mingan Islands, River St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Rockcliffe and King’s
Mountain, near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Pine grove south of the
Junction, and abundant at the Grand Trunk gravel pit, Prescott, Ont.
(Billings.) Dry rocky banks and sandy plains, quite common in central
Ontario, and at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Mountain top near the
Albion Mills, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie & Buchan.) Navy Island,
Niagara River and Malden. (Maclagan.) French Creek, below Fort
Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Dry soil, London, Ont., and at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.) Near Two Heart River, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.)
Abundant at Fort Garry and on the North-west Angle road, also at
Emerson on the Red River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Common through-
out the prairie region, north of Lat. 51° and west to the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and
thence to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond & Richardson.)
(1929.) C. pallida, A. DC.
In some abundance on the southern prairie, on dry soil. Prairie
near Turtle Mountain and westward on the 49th parallel; also Milk
River Ridge. (Dawson.) Old Wives Lakes, N.W.T. (J. 1 Macoun.)
On clay soil at the western end of the Cypress Hills and westward to
Morley ; also at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.) On slopes of the
Nicola valley, BC. (Dawson.) From Lytton to Kamloops, B.C.
(Fletcher.)
(1930.) ©. livida, Richardson.
Cold bogs, and on mountain tops, in the south, and on exposed shores
in the north. Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison& Brenton.) Ina
peat bog at Kingston, N.S., and peat bog, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton ;
also abundant on the coast of Anticosti, in bogs. (Macoun.) Near
St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Port Elgin, Albert Co., N.B. (Brittain.)
Peat bogs, Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspé, also bogs on top of
424 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Not common
at Riviére du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) At Tadousac, Pointe des Monts, St.
Lawrence River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Kamouraska, Q., and at Southampton
on the shore of Lake Huron. (Burgess.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassiz.) Peat bog, Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory.
(J. Richardson.) Peat bogs, White River, north of Lake Superior ;
common in peat bogs from Port Arthur to Red Rock, and in bogs on
the east coast of Lake Nipigon; Red Deer River, Lat. 53°, and in bogs
around the Duck and Porcupine Mountains; in the Rocky Moun-
tains from Morley westward to Hagle Pass on the Canadian Pacific
Railway. In peat bogs in the interior of northern British Columbia.
(Macoun.) From Lake Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains and to
Lat. 69° near the Arctic Sea. (Richardson & Drummond.) Hastern
British America, north of arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Dean or
Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.)
XCII. EUPHORBIACE®. Sprurce Famity.
532. EVUPHORBIA, Linn. (SPURGE.)
(1931.) E. polygonifolia, Linn. Shore Spurge.
Sandy shores of the sea and of the Great Lakes. Indian Cove,
Pictou, N.S. (MeKay.) Sydney, Cape Breton. (W. H. Harrington.)
In sand on Kouchibouguac beach, N.S. (fowler’s Cat.) On Welling-
ton beach, Prince Edward Co., Ont. ; on the sands of Presquwile
Point, near Brighton, and on the beach between the Union station,
Toronto, and the Humber; Lake Erie shore on Point Pelee, and
Port Colborne. (Macoun.) On Burlington Beach near Hamilton,
(Logie & Buchan.) Lake Erie shore at Malden. (Maclagan.) Lake
shore near Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Sandy shore, Port
Stanley, Lake Erie, Ont. (Burgess.) On sand beaches at Point
Edward, Lake Huron, and Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (J. MZ. Macoun.)
(1932.) E. serpens, HBK.
E. herniarioides, Nutt. Gray, Man., 386, 1858.
Waste places and garden walks, London, Ont. (Burgess.) This is
possibly an introduction from farther south, but is quite plentiful in
potato fields at Windsor, Ont, (Macoun.)
(1933.) E. serpyllifolia, Pers.
From the Columbia River eastward to the Saskatchewan. ( Watson.)
Dry plains west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T., 1880. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 425
(1934.) E. glyptosperma, Engelm.
E. polygonifolia, Hook. FI. II., 140, in part.
Abundant on dry gravelly soil at Belleville, and in numerous other
places along the Bay of Quinte, likewise in cultivated fields and along
the Grand Trunk Railway mixed with EF. maculata. (Macoun.)
Giavelly roadside, London, Ont., and on saline soil, Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Burgess.) South of Wood Mountain, on a dry clay
bank. (Dawson.) Abundant at Fort Walsh, Cypress Hills and numer-
ous other localities north-westward to the Hand Hills, also at the Red
Deer Lakes, in sand. (Macoun.) At Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.) On dry soil along the Thompson River at Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (Hiil.)
(1935.) E. maculata, Linn.
E. thymifolia, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 606.
E. hypericifolia, Linn. Hook. FI. IT., 140, in part.
Abundant along railways, on waste places and in cultivated fields
throughout Ontario. Seldom collected. Abundant on waste places
and in fields around Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common around
Prescott. (Billings.) Common at Kingston, Niagara and Malden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Very abundant at Belleville, and along the whole line of
the Grand Trunk Railway, westward to Toronto. (Macoun.) Old
fields and railway tracks, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada to the
Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
(1936.) E. corollata, Linn.
On dry sandy soil, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Sandwich, Ont., also islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)
Common on sand at Point Edward, near Sarnia. (Macoun.) Sandy
soil, Sarnia, and at the Rondeau, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) On sand at
Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (J. M. Macoun.) Sand dunes along Aux
Sables River, shore of Lake Huron. (John Gibson.)
(1937.) E,. puatypuyia, Linn.
Scarcely naturalized, but becoming more frequent in Ontario. Along
the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence to Lake Champlain. (Gray.)
Roadsides, common at Prescott. (Billings.) Abundant at Queenston
and Niagara town. (Macoun.) Roadsides at St. Catharines, common,
(Saunders.) Waste places along the Niagara River at the falls.
(Burgess.) Stony Creek, near Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Lake
shore near Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.)
Norway House at the foot of Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.)
426 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1938.) E. obtusata, Pursh.
Near Quebec. (Mrs. Shepherd.) Canada. (Drummond.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)? Having never seen this species, we
are doubtful of its occurrence, and believe the above references belong
to E. platyphylla.
(1939.) E. nELioscopia, Linn. Sun Spurge.
Abundant in the streets of towns and cities and around ruined
buildings, completely naturalized. Very abundant amongst the ruins
of Louisburg, Cape Breton, also at Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) In the
streets of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) River Charlo, and at Buctouche,
N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) At Quebec and Sheldrake River, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Common in fields along the Gaspé coast. (Macoun.) Conitmon in the
streets of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Very common around Riviére
du Loup, Q. (Zhomas.) On waste heaps around Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fil. Ott.) Roadsides, at Prescott, Ont., common. (Billings.) Common
in nearly all the cities, towns and villages of Ontario. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Lake shore near Fort Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.) Waste places, Niagara Falls, and railway track
at Essex Centre, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1940.) E. Crrarissias, Linn.
Escaped from gardens and becoming firmly established wherever it
can gain the slightest foothold. Escaped from gardens at Halifax.
(Lawson.) Along roadsides at Annapolis, and on the Blomidon road,
N.S. (Macoun.) Sparingly escaped from gardens at Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Roadside at Nashwaak, N.B. (Vroom.) On waste heaps
and by garden fences at Ottawa. (fletcher Fl. Ott.) By garden
fences in and around Belleville, Picton, and Trenton, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Sandy waste places at London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
(1941.) E. Pzpivus, Linn.
Not common but appearing every year in gardens and flower beds
in some localities. In the streets of Pictou, N.S., rather rare. (Mc Kay.)
Spontaneous in gardens at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) A weed
in gardens at Chipman, N.B. (Wetmore.) Along the Ottawa at Green’s
Creek. (letcher.) 1n several localities at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
(1942.) E. commutata, Engelm. (?)
Specimens referred here were collected on Laurentian rocks at Shan-
vonville, Hasting Co., Ont., in June, 1867, and again in 1871. The
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 427
specimens were evidently persistent from the preceding year, although
not perennial. The seeds have one deep groove on the back, are pitted
all over and twice as large as those of H. Peplus.
1943.) E. hypericifolia, Linn.
Waterdown Road, near Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
533. MERCURIALIS, Linn. (DOG’S MERCURY.)
(1944.) M. annua, Linn.
Abundant on waste or ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S., also more
sparingly at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.)
534. ACALYPHA, Linn. (THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.)
(1945.) A. Virginica, Linn.
A. Caroliniana, Cat., Holmes Herb., 16.
Abundant in river bottoms and in low damp cultivated fields. Com-
mon on low grounds at Montreal. (Holmes.) Abundant on low
grounds around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fil. Ott.) Ditches and low fields
at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Very common on flats along the Nation
River at Casselman, Russell Co., Ont., and in fields and low boggy
grounds at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie & Buchan.) Sandy shore, Hamilton, Ont. (Millman.) Very
common in the western part of Ontario. (Maclagan.)
XCIIL. URTICACEA. Nerrie Faminy.
535. ULMUS, Linn. (ELMS,)
(1946.) U. fulva, Michx. Slippery or Red Elm.
U. rubra, Michaux f. N. American Sylva, Vol. II., 221, 1819.
Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and Nicolet, Q. (St. Cyr.) This tree
is chiefly confined to the valley of the St. Lawrence from the Island
of Orleans westward to the Georgian Bay. Its usual habitat is
5
428 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
rather low rocky woods, but it is found in fence corners in all clearings.
Around Ottawa it seldom attains the height of 60 feet, but westward
it becomes larger and on the Niagara peninsula is much taller and
increases considerably in diameter. It is easily distinguished from its
allies by its wide branching habit.
(1947.) U. Americana, Linn. American Elm.
U. Americana, var. pendula, Ait. Pursh, Fl. I., 200.
The White or American Elm delights in low, humid and rich soils,
and the better the soil, the larger the tree. This tree has a very wide
distribution, being found on the low intervale lands of Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In Quebec it becomes more plen-
tifal, and in the valley of the St. Lawrence and throughout Ontario it
is very abundant. West of Toronto and in the whole district border-
ing on Lakes Erie and Huron it yrows to an enormous size, attaining
a greater height and girth than any other Canadian tree, except the
pine. West of Lake Huron, it retires again to the low alluvial soil in
river bottoms, and is found in the valley of the Red River from Pem-
bina to Lake Winnipeg. It ascends the Assiniboine to its source.
It passes by the way of lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis to Red Deer
River, which flows into the last named lake, where it ceases to grow in
Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan, it ascends to near Cum-
berland House in Lat. 54° 30’, where Mr. A. S. Cochrane observed a
number of good sized trees. It occurs at the head waters of all the
principal branches of the Moose River, and on one of them, the
Missinaibi, found an outlier within 120 miles of James Bay. On
the Kenogami it extends to a point about half-way from Long Lake
to the Albany. (&. Bell.) At Lake Waswanapy, North-east Terri-
tory. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1948.) U. racemosa, Thomas. Rock Elm.
U. Americana, Planchon. De Candolle, Prodr. X VIL, 155, in part.
Rather rare in the Eastern Townships, Quebec, and extending west-
ward throughout Ontario in the limestone areas. This tree seems to
be confined to dry gravelly soils and is usually associated with sugar
maple in such localities. It was formerly very common and large
quantities were cut down, squared and exported, but owing to the
destruction of maple woods it is now found chiefly as second growth
along roadsides and borders of fields.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 429
536. CELTIS, Linn. (NETTLE TREE.)
(1949.) C. occidentalis, Linn. Sugar-berry.
C. crassifolia, Pursh, FI. I., 200.
C. pumila, Pursh, FI. I., 200.
C. alba, De Candolle, Prodr. XVIIL., 177.
C. Mississippiensis, Bosc. Gray, Man., 443, 1868.
C. longifolia, De Candolle, Prodr. XVII., 177.
Without exception, this tree has the most remarkable distribution
of any in the Dominion. A few grown trees here and there being all :
that are usually found, in the same locality. St. Helen’s Island, Mon-
‘treal. (Maclagan.) Northward from Prescott on the tributaries of the
Ottawa. (Billings.) A few trees along the Rideau above Billings’
Bridge, and one or two small ones at Malloch’s Bay and Brittania on
the Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) About a dozen well grown trees in
the valley of Salmon River, north of the Grand Trunk Railway, near
Shannonville; a few shrubs along the Moira River at Belleville; also
rather common between Queenston and Niagara, and sparingly west-
ward along Lake Erie, common on Pelee Point. (Macoun.) River
flats at London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Rat Portage, Lake of
the Woods. (#. Bell.)
537. HUMULUS, Linn. (HOP.)
(1950.) H. Lupulus, Linn. Wild Hop.
In its wild state this species is always found in river bottoms. Cul-
tivated in New Brunswick. Scarcely wild. (Fowler’s Cat.) In the
environs of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) North shore of Lake Superior.
(Agassiz.) Very abundant in the valley of the Kaministiqua, seven
miles above Fort William, Lake Superior ; common in the valleys of the
Red, Assiniboine and Qu’Appelle rivers, and in the valleys of the
Swan and Red Deer rivers entering Lake Winnipegoosis, northern
limit about Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) River banks in thickets, Turtle
Mountains, Man. (Burgess.) Jake of the Woods, and at Emerson,
Red River valley. (Dawson.)
538. CANNABIS, Linn. (HEMP.)
(1951.) ©. sativa, Linn. Hemp.
Adventitious from Europe but scarcely established anywhere.
Spontaneous in‘a few places at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Near
Taborville Bridge, King’s Co., N.B. (Brittain.) More or less common
in or about all the towns and villages of Quebec and Ontario,
430 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
539. MORUS, Linn. (MULBERRY...)
(1952.) M. rubra, Linn.
M. rubra, var. Canadensis, Loudon, Arboretum III., 1360.
Rich woods throughout the forest bordering on Lake Erie. Not
uncommon from Niagara town along the river to the Whirlpool; com-
mon on Pelee Island, and frequent in the woods at Amherstburgh and
west to Windsor. (Macoun.) One young tree noticed near the water’s
edge below Niagara Falls. (David F. Day.) Sandy soil, Leamington,
Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
(1953.) M. atsus, Linn. White Mulberry.
Cultivated and occasionally wild from Niagara Falls (Macoun), to
the sandy wastes near Sarnia, Ont. (Burgess.)
540. URTICA, Linn. (NETTLE.)
(1954.) U. gracilis, Ait. Common Nettle.
U. dioica, Michx. FI. IT., 112, in part.
U. procera, Willd. Pursh. FI. I., 113.
U. dioica, L. Hook. Arct. Pl.
Not uncommon in rich soil on the borders of woods, along fences,
around dwellings, and in river bottoms, from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westward to Morley at the base of the Rocky Mountains.
Specimens collected: in the far east are identical with western ones,
From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and throughout the wooded
country on the east of the Rocky Mountains, as far north as Fort
Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (ichardson.)
(1955.) U. prorca, Linn. Stinging Nettle.
Naturalized in many places in the older settlements, Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Along the railway at Bedford Basin, N.S. (Macoun.) On
ballast at St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Naturalized in a few places, Gaspé
Basin, Q. Ferry Point, Belleville, Ont., and at Stone Mills, Bay of
Quinte ; also at Port Stanley, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(1956.) U. Lyallii, Watson. Western Nettle.
Occasionally met with in Beaver Creek valley and other places in
the Selkirk mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) On Vancouver Island, B.C.
(Lyall & Fletcher.) Abundant about old Indian villages and camping
places, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 431
(1957.) U. holosericea, Nutt. (?)
U. dioica, var. occidentalis, Watson, Bot. King, Exp. 321.
On damp soilin stream valleys, South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.)
(1958.) U. urens, Linn.
On ballast heaps and waste places eastward. Ballast heaps and waste
ground at North and South Sydney, Cape Breton, and on ballast at
Pictou, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Bass River, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
Ballast heaps, St. John, N.B. (Hay.) St. Andrew’s, N.B. (Vroom.)
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Newfoundland.
(Miss Brenton.)
541. LAPORT/EA, Caudich. (WOOD-NETTLE.)
(1959.) L. Canadensis, Gaudich.
Urtica Canadensis, Linn. Michx. Fl. II.,178. Hook. FI. IL, 141.
U. divaricata, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 113.
U. Canadensis, 8. minor, Hook. Fl. IT., 141.
Low moist woods, especially in river or brook valleys, from Nova
Scotia to Lake Huron. Stream valley at Whycocogmah, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Rich intervales, Kouchibouguac, Bass River, N.B. (Fowler’s
Cat.) Norton, N.B. (Hay.) Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and in woods
at Nicolet, Q. (St. Cyr.) Abundant from Quebec westward to the
Sault Ste. Marie.
542. PILEA, Lindl. (CLEARWEED.)
(1960.) P. pumila, Gray. Richweed.
Urtica pumila, Linn. Michx. Fl. IL, 178. Hook. Fl. IL, 141.
In boggy ground around springs and in marshy places. Odell’s
Grove at Fredericton, and Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Petitcodiac
and Havelock, N.B. (Brittain.) A troublesome weed on grounds of .
C. E. Grosvenor at Canterbury, N.B. (Hay.) In western Quebec it
‘is quite common, and in Ontario to the Georgian Bay.
432 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
543. BEHMERIA, Jacq. (FALSE NETTLE.)
(1961.) B. cylindrica, Willd.
Urtica cylindrica, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 179.
U. capitata, Willd. Pursh, FI. I., 113.
B. cylindrica, var. 8. Hook. FI. IT., 142.
Low moist thickets and in river bottoms throughout Ontario.
Abundant on low grounds at the mouth of the Gatineau and at Hull,
Q. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.)
544. PARIETARIA, Linn. (PELLITORY.)
(1962.) P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. American Pellitory.
Usually in crevices of limestone rocks in ravines. Crevices of
rocks, Heely Falls, east side, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun)
On the lower part of Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.) Crevices
of rocks, Cypress Hills, N.W.T.; Pembina River at the crossing 50
miles north-west of Edmonton, N.W.T., and at Fort St. James, and
Fort McLeod, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Crevices of
rocks, Elk River, Kootanie valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
XCIV. PLATANACEA, Puane-TRee Famizy,
545. PLATANUS, Linn. (BUTTON-WOOD.)
(1963.) P. occidentalis, Linn.
This very large and magnificent tree seems to have its eastern limit
in the valley of the Don at Toronto, from thence it becomes more
plentiful and increases in size, and at Hamilton and all through the
western peninsula of Ontario, in low damp woods it becomes a conspi-
cuous forest tree. It seems to prefer river bottoms but in the low
country between St. Thomas and Ambherstburgh, it is particularly
common.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 433
XCV. JUGLANDEA. Watnourt Famity.
546. CARYA, Nutt. (HICKORY.)
(1964.) ©. alba, Nutt. Shell-bark Hickory.
Juglans squamosa, Michx. N. American Sylva, Vol. I., 181, 1819.
J. alba, Michx. Fi. IT, 193.
C. microcarpa, Nutt. Gray, Man., 448, 1868.
A few trees on the bank of the Nation River at Casselman, thirty
miles south east of Ottawa, also at Deschenes Rapids on the Ottawa.
(Fletcher.) The above record is the only notice of this tree, outside
of the valley of the St. Lawrence River, except a few trees in rear
of Montreal Mountain, until Kingston is passed. It is abundant on
both sides of the Bay of Quinte and ascends the Salmon, Moira and
Trent Rivers, the latter to four miles above Campbellford. Westward
from the Trent it is found more inland, but always on river banks until
the meridian of Toronto, is reached, when it is found mixed with other
trees in the forest. On the Niagara peninsula, especially at Queenston
Heights and the Falls, it constitutes the greater part of the forest, and
along Lake Erie with other hickories, attains its largest size often
rising with a straight stem to 80 feet and generally overtopping the
other trees. Along Lake St. Clair it is still abundant and probably
reaches Goderich on Lake Huron.
(1965.) C. tomentosa, Nutt. White Heart Hickory.
Juglans tomentosa, Michx. Fl. II., 192.
Rather sparingly distributed amongst the other hickories in the
Niagara peninsula from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, and extending
westward to Windsor and an indefinite distance beyond.
(1966.) C. porcina, Nutt. Pig-nut or Broom Hickory.
C. glabra, Torr. Gray, Man., 403, 1858.
Juglans porcina, Michx. N. American Sylva. IT., 194, 1819.
J. porcina, var. obcordata, Pursh, Fl. I., 638.
J. porcina, var. pisiformis, Pursh, Fl. I., 638.
Not uncommon on the Niagara peninsula, where large trees are quite
frequent in the low woods extending out from the base of Queenston
Heights ; also abundant in Wesley Park, Niagara Falls, and at many
points along Lake Erie to Amherstburgh and north to Windsor and
Sarnia.
434 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1967.) ©. amara, Nutt. Bitter-nut Hickory.
Juglans amara, Michx. N. American Sylva, IL, 170, 1819.
On islands at the mouth of the Nicolet River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Abun-
dant in wet woods and low damp places in fields and along roadsides
from the neighborhood of Montreal westward through Ontario.
It is quite common on the Quebec side of the river at Ottawa, and
extends for a considerable distance up the Gatineau. Proceeding west-
ward, it becomes a much finer tree and is a prominent species on the
whole western peninsula up to the Georgian Bay.
547. JUCLANS, Linn. (WALNUT.)
(1968.) J. cinerea, Linn. Butternut.
This is a widely spread and beautiful species extending from southern
New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Georgian Bay.
Whether by the roadside, in the field or forest, it is a beautiful object
and its wide spreading branches give a grateful shelter to both man and
beast when oppressed by the mid-day heat of a summer’s day.
(1969.) J. nigra, Linn. Black Walnut.
The distribution of this tree is limited to that part of Ontario, west of
Toronto, where it might have been called the king of the forest thirty
years ago. At present, very few of the old trees remain, but visitors to
Niagara Falls may still see a number of magnificent ones in that vicin-
ity, though these are little over a century old. There is no reason
why this tree should not be planted wherever the butternut is indige-
nous, as they grow side by side at Belleville and Ottawa, and the black
walnut makes the more vigorous growth. In the district bordering on
Lako Erie it is still a plentiful tree and south of St. Thomas, many of
the old fences are largely composed of black walnut rails, while the
stumps are still conspicuous objects in the fields.
XCVI. MYRICACHEA. Sweer-Gatz Faminy.
548. MYRICA, Linn. (WAX-MYRTLE.)
(1970.) M. Gale, Linn. Sweet Gale.
Common along the margins of small ponds, lakes, and slow flowing
streams, from Newfoundland throughout Canada to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and northward to Hudson Bay, and Fort Norman on the Mac-
kenzie River. (Richardson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 435
(1971.) M. Californica, Cham.
North-west coast. (Menzies.) Swamps of Puget Sound. (Douglas.)
Very likely in the valley of the Fraser near the coast.
(1972.) M. cerifera, Linn. Wax-Myrtle.
M. Pennsylvanica, Lam. Pursh, FI. I., 620.
M. Carolinensis, Miller. Pursh, Fl. I., 620.
M. cerifera, var. 8. media, Michx. Fl. IL., 228.
Apparently common on the Prince Edward Island coast, more espe-
cially on the islands in Charlottetown Harbor ; also on Point Pleasant
at Halifax, N.S.. (Macoun.) At Windsor, N.S. (How.) Along the coast
at Pictou, N.S., and on St. Paul’s Island, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
(McKay.) Strait of Canso, N.S. (Ball.) Sand beach on the sea
shore, Kent and Northumberland counties, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Sea
shore, Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.)
(1973.) M. asplenifolia, Endl. Sweet Fern.
M. Comptonia, A. DC.
Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait. Gray, Man., 458, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No.
1619.
Very common in many localities on sandy ridges and hills. Near
Windsor, N.S. (How.) At Halifax and Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.)
Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Abundant on dry gravelly ground, Kent
Co,, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Norton and McAdam Junction, N.B. (Hay.)
Rather rare in southern Quebec, but abundant in Ontario on all pine
barrens, especially on the Algoma sand which is so widely spread over
the northern part of that province, and extending westward to near
the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) From New Brunswick to the
Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
XCVII. CUPULIFERA. Oak Famity.
549. BETULA, Linn. (BIRCH.)
(1974.) B. lenta, Linn. Cherry or Black Birch.
B. excelsa, Aiton, Hort. Kew. IIL, 337.
B. nigra, Sommers, Journ. Nov. Scot. Ist. Nat. Sci., Vol. IV., Pt. IL, 208.
Macoun’s Cat. No. 1628.
This fine tree has a comparatively wide range but attains its greatest
size in north-western Ontario, where it is often found over four feet in
diameter. oe Newfoundland and the valley of the Saguenay
436 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
River, west through Ontario to the Manitoulin Islands of Lake Huron.
(Sargent.) Abundant in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. (Hooker.)
A common forest tree, New Brunswick. (Fowler’s Cat.) An abundant
tree in Quebec and northern Ontario, but not extending west to Dog
Lake, north-east of Lake Superior. (2. Bell.)
(1975.) B. lutea, Michx. f. Yellow Birch.
B. excelsa, Pursh, FI. I., 621, not Aiton.
This is one of the finest trees of the Canadian forest, but does not
attain the same dimensions in Ontario as it seems to do in the eastern
provinces. (Macoun.) It extends from Newfoundland to Rainy River,
and ranges north of the height of land at Lake Abittibi, but is not found
on the north shore of Lake Superior, from Michipicoten to the United
States boundary, and only small trees are found on the Canadian side
of the line from this point to its western limit. (A. Bell.) Around
Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1976.) B. alba, var. populifolia, Spach.
B. populifolia, Hook. FI. IT., 155.
This tree is confined to the eastern provinces and St. Lawrence valley,
but its range is little known outside of New Brunswick. In Nova
Scotia, its size and peculiar habit at once attract the western botanist
only acquainted with its congener—the Canoe Birch. Along the sea
coast itis not uncommon and the same may be said of it in New
Brunswick, where it is reported as being common. (Macoun.) New
Brunswick and the valley of lower St. Lawrence River to the southern
shores of Lake Ontario. (Sargent.)
1977.) B. papyrifera, Michx. Canoe Birch.
B. papyracea, Ait. Gray, Man. 459, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1624.
B. occidentalis, Lyall in Jour. Linnean Soc. VIL, 134 (not Hooker.)
No other tree in British North America has such a wide range as
this one, and if we include the western form, its limits are bounded by
the Atlantic on the east, by the Pacific on the west, extending south-
ward beyond our border, and on the north by the limit of deciduous trees.
(Macoun.) Northern Newfoundland and Labrador, to the southern
shores of Hudson Bay and north-west to the Great Bear Lake and the
valley of the Youcon River, Alaska. (Sargent.) The British Columbia
form has much shorter and thicker leaves and a very different bark, so
that it may be a distinct variety, and in that case should appear under
Lyall’s name.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 437
(1978.) B. occidentalis, Hooker. Western Birch.
Rather common in British Columbia extending eastward to the Sas-
katchewan plains. Near springs on the west side of the Rocky Moun-
toins. (Douglas.) On the east side from Edmonton to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond.) Along the North Saskatchewan from Edmonton
to Victoria. In the Columbia valley from Golden City to the Selkirk
Summit. (Macoun.) Upper Columbia lakes and river, and east of
mountains on tributaries of Belly River. (Dawson.)
(1979.) B. pumila, Linn. Low Birch.
In bogs and by the sides of lakes and rivers in the north; extending
from Newfoundland and Labrador south through Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and the greater part of Ontario, and
westward to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
(1980.) B. glandulosa, Michx. Dwarf Birch.
B. nana, Gray, Man., 412, 1858.
This shrub is abundant from Newfoundland and Labrador westward
by Hudson Bay to the barren grounds and Mackenzie River, and south-
ward along the base of the Rocky Mountains and in sub-alpine valleys
to Lat, 49°; rather common in the foot-hills at Morley extending west-
ward through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia valley and north-
westward through British Columbia to Alaska. Youcon River, Alaska.
(Rothr, Alask.)
(1981.) B. nana, Linn. Hook. Fi. I, 156.
Newfoundland. (McCormack.) Sphagnous swamps, Hudson Bay
and Canada. (Michaux.) Labrador. (Morrison.) On the east coast
of Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.) Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound. Alaska. (Chamisso.) Norton Sound,
Chamisso Island, and Point Barrow. (Rothr. Alask.) Common in
Greenland. (Hook. Arct, Pl.)
(1982.) E. Ermani, Cham.
Ounalashka. (othr, Alask.) The two last species may be ineluded
in No. 1980, but we have no means of deciding.
550. ALNUS, CGeertn. (ALDER.)
(1983.) A. rubra, Bongard. Western or Red Alder.
A, glutinosa, Pursh, Fl. I., 622, in part.
A large tree in the valley of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.)
438 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
From Lat. 49° to Sitka in the coast ranges and islands along the coast.
(Sargent.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (othr. Alask.)
(1984.) A. rhombifolia, Nuttall. Mountain Alder.
The range of this species and the preceding are still obscure and
further examination is necessary before their limits can be fixed.
Common in the Columbia valley and valleys of the Selkirks, B.C.
(Macoun.) Along brooks in the Fraser River valley, B.C. (Davwson.)
Valley of the Fraser and southward, B.C. (Sargent.)
(1985.) A. incana, Willd. Common Alder.
A. glauca, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 378, 1819.
A. incana, var. glauca, Gray, Man. I. Ed., 423.
A, serrulata, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.
Abundant from Newfoundland throughout Canada. Along small
streams and in river valleys to the base of the Rocky Mountains, and
southwards to Lat. 49°. Eastern British America within the arctic
circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. virescens, Watson, Bot. Cal. II., 81.
B. ineana, var. glauca, Macoun, Geol. Rep. Can., 210, 1875-76.
Abundant on the higher slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Kick-
ing Horse Lake westward through the Selkirks, at an altitude of 6000
feet. (Macoun.) Rocky spring, West Butte, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
(1986.) A. viridis, DC. Green Alder.
A, undulata, Willd. Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.
A, crispa, Pursh, FI. I., 623 ; Hook. Fl. II., 157..
A. glutinosa, Rich. App., page 36.
Betula Alnus crispa, Michx. FI. IL, 181.
A common shrub from Labrador and Newfoundland westward across
the continent to the Pacific and northward in the barren grounds.
Ford’s Harbor, Labrador. (R. Bell.) Common in the eastern pro-
vinces, Quebec, and northern Ontario. It is found north of Lake
Superior and around Lake Nipigon, appearing at Edmonton and north-
ern British Columbia, where it covers large tracts in the burnt pine
woods. (Macoun.) Sitka, Ounalashka, Norton Sound, Kotzebue Sound
and northern coast, also Youcon River. (othr. Alask.) Greenland
and within the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 439
551. CARPINUS, Linn. (HORNBEAM.)
(1987.) ©. Caroliniana, Walter. Blue Beech.
C. Americana, Michx. Gray, Man. 457, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1616-
Low wet woods and margins of swamps. Reported from Nova
Scotia, but very doubtful. Likely the next species. (Macoun.) Eastern
Townships and western Quebec, up the Ottawa to the Mattawa and
westward to the north shore of the Georgian Bay. In the western
peninsula of Ontario, it attains its greatest size, but never becomes a
conspicuous object in the forest being a low undersized spreading tree
in the rich moist woods along Lake Krie.
552. OSTRYA, Scop. (IRON WOOD.)
(1988.) ©. Virginica, Willd. Lever-wood.
Carpinus Ostrya, Linn. Michx. N. American Sylva. II., 162, 1819.
C. Ostrya, var. Americana, Michx. Fl. IT., 202.
More widely distributed than the preceding and becoming a much
finer tree. Its limits are nearly coincident with that of the maple.
Woods on North Mountain, Annapolis, N.S., and on the mountain at
Whycocogmah, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Rather rare at Bass River,
and Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in all maple woods
in Quebec and Ontario, and extending west to the east coast of Lake
Superior at Goulais Bay. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods and Rat
Portage. (CR. Bell.)
553. CORYLUS, Linn. (HAZEL-NUT.)
(1989.) C. rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel-nut.
C. avellana, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.
A shrub of wide range, forming impassible thickets in woods cut
over by lumbermer or devastated by fires. Dartmouth near Halifax,
N.S. (Sommers.) Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Rather common along
streams in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in Quebec and
Ontario, and extending westward to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan
ag far as Prince Albert. (MMacoun.) Not uncommon in the southern
part of British Columbia, and occasionally on Vancouver Island.
(Dawson.)
440 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1990.) ©. Americana, Walt. Wild Hazel-nut.
Much more restricted in range than the last and chiefly confined to
rocky thickets in Ontario, abundant at Belleville and in the valley of
the Moira ; also at Trenton Station and in the Trent Valley nearly up
to Campbellford. (Macoun.) Plentiful in the vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.) Low sandy thickets, London, Ont., also at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.) In thickets near Selkirk, Man. (J. M. Macoun.)
Abundant in thickets at Winnipeg, and westward in thickets up the
Assinniboine and Qu’Appelle, and along the South Saskatchewan; in
the Moose Mountains and Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
554. QUERCUS, Linn. (OAKS.)
(1991.) Q. alba, Linn. White Oak.
Q. alba, var. pinnatifida, Michx. F). II., 195.
Q. alba, var. repanda, Pursh, FI. I., 633.
Q. alba, var. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. XVI., 22.
One of our most widely distributed oaks, being found mixed with the
white pine in western Quebec and eastern and northern Ontario, and
reaching an immense size in the western peninsula. On sandy plains
and sand or gravel ridges, it often constitutes over half the forest, but
in low rich soils, it is seldom seen.
(1992.) Q. Garryana, Douglas. Western White Oak.
Q. Douglasti, var. ? Newi, DC. Prodr. XVI., 24.
Abundant on the south-eastern part of Vancouver Island, especially
in the neighborhood of Victoria, where it occupies large tracts of rocky
ground. Seen furthest north on prairies along the river at Comox. A
few small trees, a mile and a half above Yale on the Fraser, B.C.
(Dawson.)
(1993.) Q. obtusiloba, Michx. Post Oak.
Q. stellata, Wang. DC. Prodr. XVL., 22.
We have never been able to fully identify this tree in southern Ontario,
but admit it on authorities given below. A tree with fruit agreeing
with Michaux’s figure grows along the Bay of Quinte and is possibly
this species. (Macoun.) Canada. (Dr. Beck, vide Hooker.) Southern
Ontario. (Sargent.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 441
(1994.) Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Mossy-cup Oak.
Q. oliveformis, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.
Q. macrocarpa, var. oliveformis, Gray, Man. 451, 1868.
Q. alba, var. Gunnisonii, Macoun’s Cat. No. 1601.
Q. alba, Hook. FI. IT, 158, in part.
Q. obtusiloba, Michx. Bourgeau in Palliser’s Report, 260.
More widely distributed than the white oak, but never attaining as
large a size nor covering as large areas. Near the residence of W. S.
Butler, at Grand Lake, N.B. Rare. (owler’s Cat.) Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.) Extending up the Ottawa from its mouth to
Pembroke ; along the St. Lawrence, on limestone shingle forming
extensive groves at Prescott and Brockville ; on both sides of the Bay
of Quinte it is very common, extending some miles back from the
water and ascending both the Moira and the Trent, from thence west-
ward it is a common tree and is the ‘“‘ White Oak” of the northern part of
Lake Huron. It appears again at the southern end of Lake Winnipeg
and becomes of much value in many parts of Manitoba, where it forms.
large groves of fine trees. The last traces of it appear as stunted trees
near the mouth of Shell River on the Assinniboine, and up the Qu’Ap-
pelle and westward as far as Spy Hill west of Fort Ellice. (Macoun.)
On creek banks, Turtle Mountain, Man. (Burgess.) This is the com-
mon oak in the Red River country, and attains a good size along the
streams and in sheltered localities. (Dawson.) Fine trees are found
on Rainy River and in the district between the Lake of the Woods
and Red River. On the English River it first appears about half way
between Lonely Lake and Winnipeg River. Along Lake Winnipeg
it extends as a tree to the Loon Straits, and as a bush to Berens River.
(R. Bell.)
(1995.) Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak.
Q. Prinus, var. tomentosa, Michx. FI. II., 196.
Q. Prinus, var. discolor, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 43, 1819.
The limits of this species are ill defined, as there is much confusion
amongst collectors regarding the various oaks of any district. This,
however, is the “Blue Oak” of the lumbermen and at one time fur-
nished much of the oak exported from that part of Ontario west of
the Trent River. We have no authentic record of it east of the Moira,
Hastings Co., Ont., but it is still met with in low, damp or swampy
woods throughout the valley of the Trent and all western Ontario.
Easily distinguished from the other white oaks by its long peduncled
fruit.
442 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1996.) Q. Prinus, Linn. Rock Chestnut Oak.
Q. Prinus, var. monticola, Micbx. F1. IT., 196.
Q. montana, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 634. ,
This species has often been mentioned as occurring in Ontario and
has been published as such by myself under the next species, as I had
no means of separating them. At present we only know of its occur-
rence from Niagara River westward along Lake Erie to Amherstburgh.
(Macoun.) Not uncommon on Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Burgess.)
Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
(1997.) Q. prinoides, Willd. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak.
Q. Prinus, var. humilis, Marshall. Gray, Man. 452, 1868.
Q. Castanea, Muhl. Pursh, Fi. 1., 634.
Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 53, 1819.
Macoun’s Cat. No. 1607.
Q. Prinus pumila, Michx. FI. IT., 196.
Q. Chinquapin, Michx. N. American Sylva. L., 55, 1819.
Abundant on limestone soils in numerous places along both sides of
the Bay of Quinte in the neighborhood of Belleville; also limestone
shingle, Trent valley above Trenton, and along the Trent at Campbell-
ford Bridge, Northumberland Co.; very common on Queenston
Heights and in numerous places around Niagara. Many fine trees in
the park at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Sandy soil, Point Pelee, Lake
‘Erie. (Burgess.)
(1998.) Q. rubra, Linn. Red Oak.
Q. ambigua, Michx. Pursh, Fl. L, 630.
Q. coccinea, var. ambigua, Gray, Man. 454, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No.
1609, in part.
nN
We follow Professor Sargent, in including the boreal form of our
red oak with the more southern one, as we have never seen a series of
specimens complete enough to separate them. Not uncommon at
Halifax, Pictou and Windsor, and very likely many other places in
Nova Scotia. (Macoun.) Rather common in Kent, Northumberland
and York counties, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) On the St. Lawrence between
Quebec and Malbaie, in Lat. 47° 50’. (Michaux.) From thence west
ward through Quebec and Ontario, it is the common “ Black Oak.”
It is occasionally met with along the north shore of Lake Huron, and
east coast of Lake Superior, and appears for the last time on the
Dawson Route at Lake Namakeen on the height of land west of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 443
(1999.) Q. coccinea, Wang. Scarlet Oak.
The limits of this tree are very uncertain, owing to the confusion
that exists in the minds of collectors, regarding it and @. rubra. In
University Park, Toronto, are a few fine trees, but they become more
numerous to the west and in the forest along the Niagara River and
Lake Erie, it is an abundant tree. More investigation is necessary
before we can fix the exact limits of this species. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Toronto. (A. Fowler.)
(2000.) Q. tinctoria, Bartram. Yellow Oak.
Q. discolor, Aiton, Hort. Kew, III., 358.
Q. tinctoria, var. angulosa, Michx. Fl. IL, 198.
Q coccinea var. tinctoria, Gray, Man. 454, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1609
in part.
This species seems confined to western Ontario, as no specimens
have been seen from any point further east. It is not uncommon at
Niagara, and with the red and scarlet oak make up much of the forest
along Lake Erie and Niagara River. (Macoun.) In woods around
London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(2001.) Q. palustris, Du Roi. Pin Oak.
Abundant in wet woods below Queenston Heights, and in all low
woods westward along Lake Erie and the Detroit River to Windsor,
where it is of a very large size on the borders of the forest, and along
old fences. (Macoun.) Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
Roadside at Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. ( Burgess.)
555. CASTANEA, Czertn. (CHESTNUT.)
(2002.) C. vulgaris, var. Americana, A. DC.
C. vesca, var. Americana, Michx. Fi. II., 193.
C. vesea, Willd. Gray, Man. 455, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1610.
Plentiful in the vicinity of Toronto. (A. Fowler.) Common in the
valleys around Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Very common at Queenston
and Niagara Falls, and westward in the forest along Lake Erie and
Detroit River to Lake St. Clair. (Macoun.) Abundant at Hall’s Mills,
seven miles from London, Ont. (Saunders.) Sandy soil at Hatchley,
Brant Co., and London, Ont. (Burgess.)
q
444 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
556. FACUS, Linn. (BEECH.)
(2003.) F. ferruginea, Aiton. American Beech.
F. sylvatica, Walter. Pursh, FI. L., 624.
F, sylvestris, Micbx. FI]. IT., 194.
A common forest tree in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and through-
out Quebec and Ontario. It reaches its maximum size along Lake
Huron, its limit being coincident with that of the limestone soils on the
north of the Georgian Bay, but is quite common on the islands in the
bay to our boundary at St. Mary’s River.
XCVUOI SALICINE.E. Wittow Famiry.
557. SALIX, Linn. (WILLOW.)
(2004.) S. adenophylla, Hook. Fl. II., 146.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Shores of the Great Lakes and Labrador.
(Bebb.) Sand beaches of Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.)
(2005.) S. alba, L. Var. czerulea, Smith.
Cultivated for ornament in many parts of Ontario, especially in the
neighborhood of cities and towns. Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
The London tree seems to be a hybrid between S. alba and S. fragilis.
Cultivated at Halifax, N.S. (Zawson.) Oultivated for ornament at
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Frequently cultivated, New Bruns-
wick. (Fowler's Cat.) The above references should probably all be
made to S. alba X fragilis, Wimmer. Not having seen the specimens,
we cannot decide.
(2006.) S. amygdaloides, Anders. Sal. Bor. Amer. 8.
8. nigra, var. amygdaloides, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI’, 201.
Bank of Red River at Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) Red River.
(Bourgeau.) Westward to the Saskatchewan. (Sargent.)
(2007.) S. arctica, R. Br.
S. cordifolia, Pursh. Hook. Fl. IL., 152, in part.
_ &. callicarpxa, Trant. referred here by Anderson.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Throughout the barren country of North
America, from Lat. 64° to the shores and extreme islands of the Arctic
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 445
Sea. (Richardson.) Nachvak and Ford’s Harbor, Labrador ; Cape
Chudleigh, Upper Savage Islands, Mansfield and Nottingham Islands,
Hudson Straits. (R. Bell.) Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka,
(Rothr. Alask.) South-west Point, Anticosti, and summit of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Within the arctic
circle extending north to the Parry Islands, Melville Island and Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. petrzea, Anders.
Very abundant on all the summits of the Rocky and Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, at an elevation of 7,500-8,000 feet. (Macoun.) High
parts of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
(2008.) S. argyrocarpa, Anders.
S. arbuscula, Macoun’s Cat. No. 1634.
S. repens, Gray, Man. 418, 1858.
S. fusca, Hook. Fl. II., 151.
Fort Franklin on the Mackenzic River. (ichardson.) Ungava Bay,
Labrador. (Barnston.) Table Top Mountain, Gaspé, altitude, 3,600
feet; also Forteau and Carrall Cove, Labrador. (Allen.) Moist thickets
at the mouth of Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
(2009.) S. Barrattiana, Hook. Fl. II, 146.
Alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Old Man River, and South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.)
(2010.) S. balsamifera, Barratt.
S. cordata, var. balsamifera, Hook. FI. II., 149.
S. pyrifolia, Anders. Fowler’s Cat. No. 587.
Chateau and Square Island, Labrador. (Allen.) Abundant in
Gloucester, Northumberland and Kent Co.’s; also at Carleton, St.
John Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) Borders of brooks and damp places
at Truro, N.S.; at the mouth of Nipigon River, and in numerous
places around Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Patterson’s Creek, Ottawa. (J. M. Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg and
along the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) In thickets on the Nechacco
River, British Columbia. (Macoun.)
(2011.) §S. Barcleyi, Anders. Sal. Bor. Amer. 20. Anders. Sal.
Monog. 164, DC, Prod. XVI’, 254.
Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska, (Meehan. Oun-
alaska and Kodiak. (Barclay & Dr. Kellogg.)
446 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. latiuscula, Anders. Monog. 165.
Newfoundland. (De la Pylaie.)
(2012.) S. candida, Willd. Hoary Willow.
S. incana, Michx. FI. IL, 225.
Forteau, Labrador. (Allen.) Peat bogs and tamarac swamps and
river-margins, widely distributed. Margin of Jupiter River, and Salt
Lake, Anticosti, also along the Ste. Anne’s River, Gaspé. (Macoun.)
Mingan and Anticosti Islands, River St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Spar-
ingly on Sugar Bush Lake, River Rouge, Q. (D’Urban.) Dow’s
swamp and other localities at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Abundant
in peat and other bogs throughout northern Ontario, and extending
westward through the prairie region and Rocky Mountains and north-
ern British Columbia to Quesnel. (Macoun.) Abundant in the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (J MM. Macoun.) Small lake near Pincher Creek,
N.W.T. (Dawson.) Throughout the wooded country north of the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (2. Bell.)
(2013.) S. chlorophylla, Anders.
Nain and Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labrador, Upper Savage Islands,
Nottingham, Digge’s and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. (2. Bell.)
Pictou Co., N.S., and St. Paul’s Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.)
Saskatchewan and Lake Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.) Great Slave Lake.
(Capt. Pullen.)
(2014.) S. Chamissonis, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI’, 290.
Island of St. Lawrence, Alaska. (Chamisso.)
(2015.) §. cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow.
S. rigida, Muhl.
This is one of our most widely spread willows, and one that takes
innumerable forms between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Bass River,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) Salmon River,
N.B. (Wetmore.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Salt Lake, Anticosti ;
Truro, N.S.; coast of Gaspé, Q. (Macoun.) Banks of streams, Pres-
cott and Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) Wet places around Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of London, Ont., and Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.) Very common in central Ontario, around Lakes Superior,
Nipissing, and Nipigon, and westward through the Rocky Mountains
to the Fraser River, B.C. (Macoun.) Oxford House to Knee Lake,
Nelson River. (#. Bell.) Moist woods and prairies of the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.) Old Man River,N.W.T. (Dawson.) In thickets
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 447
near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (/letcher.) Forms of this species,
referred by us to S. lutea, Nutt., were collected in the valleys of Moose
Jaw Creek, Swift Current Creek and Maple Creek. (J. MZ. Macoun.)
Thickets at Morley, and Kananaskis, foot-hills of the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.)
Var. angustata, Gray. Narrow-leaved Willow.
S. angustata, Pursh. Gray, Man. 416, 1858.
This variety is made to include those forms with long narrow leaves
which, were it not for the fruit would be considered quite distinct
from S. cordata. Low grounds, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Not un-
common in Ontario from Ottawa to Toronto; abundant at Belleville.
(Macoun.)
Var. Mackenzieana, Hook. Fi. IL., 194.
In this variety the leaves are obovate-lanceolate and come near 8.
balsamifera. Great Slave Lake and Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
In the Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Point Barrow and along the arctic coast. (Rothr. Alask.)
(2016.) S. discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow.
S. prinoides, Pursh, FI. I., 613.
One of our most abundant willows, growing in low swampy places,
often becoming a small tree. Banks of streams and wet grounds,
common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.)
Vicinity of Truro, Halifax and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Quebec,
Island of Orleans, and Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Sugar Bush Lake, Montcalm, and mouth
of Devil’s River, Ottawa Co.,Q. (D’Urban.) Very abundant about
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Swamps near London, Ont., and at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.) Abundant in swamps and on river banks from
Ottawa westward throughout Ontario, and in the swamps and bogs of
the prairie region. (Macoun.)
Var. eriocephala, Anders.
S. eriocephala, Michx. FI. II., 225.
We include in this variety all our forms having densely flowered
and very silky aments. New Brunswick. (Mr. Kendal.) Margins of
brooks, St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Sillery, near Quebec. (Sheppard.)
Near Ottawa, Ont. (J M. Macoun.) Low meadows near London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
448 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(2017.) S. desertorum, Rich. Prairie Willow.
On gravel bars along Jupiter River, Anticosti; on the summit of
Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) From the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin. (Richardson.) Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass and
Columbia valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Very abundant from the
South Saskatchewan westward, more especially in the foot-hills on dry
slopes, at Calgary and Morley, and through the Rocky Mountains to
the Columbia valley at Donald, Lat. 51° ; also at Clinton above Cache
Creek, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2018.) S. Drummondiana, Barratt.
Marshes and prairies, of the Rocky Mountains, Lat.52°-56°. (Drum-
mond.) On the beds of snow-slides, summit of the Selkirk Mountains,
B.C. (Macoun.)
(2019.) S. fulcrata, var. subglauca, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI’, 244.
N. W. America. (Seeman.) Nushagak, Alaska. (C. L. McKay)
(2020.) S$. flavescens, Nutt.
In ravines, Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (7 M. Macoun.) It is quite
probable that this species, which becomes a small tree, may be found
in many of the deep coulées to the south. On the banks of the Colum-
bia at Donald, Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. Scouleriana, Bebb.
S. Scouleriana, Barratt. Hook. FI. IL., 145.
Common from Lat. 49° on the Pacific coast to Kodiak, Alaska.
(Bebb.) Through the Rocky Mountains to Columbia valley at Donald,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the Fraser at New Westminster, and
at Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.) Nicola valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
(2021.) S. glauca, Linn.
Damp places, Nachvak and Ford’s Harbor, Labrador. (R. Bell.)
Amongst rocks on the Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) At Salt Lake,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T., Lat. 51°. (7 @.
Macoun.) Cape Espenberg and Chamisso Island. (Rothr. Alask.)
Nushagak, Alaska. (C. L. McKay.)
Var. villosa, Anders.
S. villosa, Hook. FI. IL., 144.
S. glaucops, Anders. DC. Prodr. XVI’, 281. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1649.
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, thence to the Arctic Sea, also Fort
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 449
Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Drummond & Richardson.) Under
a number of forms, this variety extends from the eastern side of the
Rocky Mountains at Morley to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat. 51°,
and north-westward in British Columbia to Fort McLeod in Lat. 55°.
(Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.)
(2022.) §. herbacea, Linn. Herb-like Willow.
Labrador. (WMorrison.) Nain, coast of Labrador; Cape Chudleigh,
Nottingham, and Digge’s Islands, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Summit
of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé; on the summits of
all the higher Rocky Mountains, from Canmore to the Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun.) Arctic Islands. (Sir #. Parry.)
North-west coast. (2elson.)
(2023.) S. Hookeriana, Barratt.
Near the Grand Rapids of the Saskatchewan, rare. (Douglas.)
North-west coast of America. (Scouler.)
(2024.) S. humilis, Marshall. Prairie Willow.
S. conifera, Willd. Pursh, FI. L., 612.
S. longirostris, Michx. Fl. II., 226.
S. Muhlenbergiana, Pursh, FI. I., 609.
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Dry barrens, Bass River ; also, Kouchi-
bouguac, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) On dry rocky slopes at Truro, N.S.
(Macoun.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Neighborhood of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Dry sandy soil, Chalk River, on the Ottawa River,
and westward on dry rocky or sand banks through Ontario, and on the
islands north of Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Dry sandy soil, London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Dry slopes of the South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
Leaves only. (Dawson.)
2025). S. humillina, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI’, 248.
(2025) ,
Prince Albert Sound. (Mieschring.) Rae River. (Dr. Rae.)
Labrador. (?)
(2026.) §. lasiandra, Benth. Var. typica, Bebb.
S. arguta, var. lasiandra, Anders. De Candolle Prodr. XVI.? 206.
Along the Thompson River at Spence’s Bridge, and in thickets at
Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.)
450 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. lancifolia, Bebb. in Bot. California.
S. speciosa, Nuttall. N. American Sylva, I., 58, 1819.
S. lancifolia, Anders. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. VII., 402.
8. lucida, var. macrophylla, Anders. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.’ 206.
Along the banks of the Columbia at Donald, and in the valleys of
Six Mile Creek and Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains ; also in
the valley of the Thompson at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
Collected on Vancouver Island and in the valley of Fraser River, B.C.
(Fletcher.)
(2027.) S. longifolia, Muh]. Long-leaved Willow.
S. rubra, Rich. App., 37.
S. longifolia, var. pedicellata, Anders. Macoun in Geol. Rep. Canada,
1875-76, 210.
Banks of St. Lawrence, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) In alluvium along
river banks and on islands in rivers and lakes ; shore of Rice Lake,
Ont. (Macoun.) Along the Thames River at London, Ont.; and
along the Red River at Emerson, Man., also on the Turtle Mountain,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.) In river bottoms in the southern part of Alberta,
and along Old Man River, foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
A common willow in all river bottoms throughout the prairie region
and northward to Lake Athabasca, and westward to northern British
Columbia. It is abundant on every part of the Saskatchewan, and
ascends the Bow River far within the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
From Canada to the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) At Jasper’s
Lake, near Jasper House in the Rocky Mountains. On drifting sands,
growing in tufts. (Drummond.)
Var. argyrophylla, Anders.
S. argophylla, Nuttall, Sylva, L., 75.
In same localities with the type, but more abundant in the dry
prairie region. Swift Current Creek, N.W.T. (J. Mf Macoun.) Along
the Athabasca at Fort Assiniboine and at Clinton, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2028.) S. lucida, Willd. Shining Willow.
A widely spread and easily distinguished willow, found in ditches and
swamps from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains. In wet places at
Whycocogmah, Cape Breton, and at Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.)
Rather common, Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Rather common
in ditches and wet places along the banks of the River Rouge, Q.
(D’ Urban.) Common around Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Not rare
around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Swampy river bank, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Common in ditches and swamps, and by brooks, from Ottawa
westward through Ontario and westward to Canmore within the
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 451
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°, and northward to Lake Athahasca.
(Macoun.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Hill
River, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Old Man River, base of Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Throughout Canada and from Lake Huron
to the Saskatchewan and Jasper’s Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
54°, and as far north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson & Drummond.)
(2029.) S. myrtilloides, Linn. Myrtle Willow.
S. pedicellaris, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 150.
Peat and other cold bogs, from the Atlantic to the Coast Range, B.C.
In bogs, Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) In peat bogs, summit of
Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé. (dMacoun.) Marsh near
Prescott Junction, Ont. (Billings.) In tamarack and other swamps,
Hasting Co., Ont. ; cold peat bog, Red Rock, Lake Superior. Marshes
at the mouth of the Kaministiquia, and near Port Arthur, and in bogs
at Rainy Lake. (Macoun.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. ©.
Macoun.) Near Gonely Lake, and on the Echimanish River, Hudson
Bay. (&. Bell.) Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) In bogs, north-west of Edmonton, and near
Lesser Slave Lake; also in the valley of Bow River, near Gleichen,
and in the valley of Fraser River at Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.)
Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) astern British America,
north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(2030.) S. nigra, Hook. Fi. II., 149.
S. Caroliniana, Michx. FI. IT., 226.
S. Houstoniana, Pursh, FI. I., 614.
S. falcata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. IT., 149.
(?) S. ambigua, Pursh, FI. L., 617.
8. ligustrina, Michx. N. American Sylva, II., 212, 1819.
S. nigra, var. falcata, Gray, Man., 417, 1858.
Not uncommon in low grounds along streams or lake margins.
Harris Cove, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) About Quebec. (Mrs. Cleghorn.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common in low grounds at
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In the neighborhood of Hamilton, Ont,
(Logie.) Rich river flats at London, and on sandy soil, Pelee Point,
Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.) Not uncommon on alluvium in river
valleys from Kingston westward, on the borders of marshes, Bay of
Quinte and many places along Lake Ontario. Moist places at Queen-
ston, both along the river and railway, also abundant at Port Colborne
and westward along both Lakes Erie and St. Clair. Small trees are not
uncommon in the Kaministiquia valley west of Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Valley of Maple Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson & J. M. Macoun.)
8
452 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(2031.) S. Novae-Anglize, Anders. Sal. Monog., 160. Var.
pseudo-myrsinites, Anders.
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond & Bouryeau.) Grand Rapid of the
Saskatchewan. (Herb. Hooker.) Lake of the Woods. (Dr. Beil.)
Var. pseudo-cordata, Anders.
Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) Jasper House. (Burke.) Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Var. myrtillifolia, Anders.
Rocky Mountains. (Herb. Hooker.)
(2032.) S. orbicularis, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI, 300.
Sitka and Ounalaska. (Herd. Gray.)
2033.) S. ovalifolia, Traut. Anders. D.C. Prod. XVI’, 291.
(
S. Uva-ursi, Seeman, Voy. of “ Herald.”
S. myrtilloides, f. 4, Chamisso, Linnea, 6, 539.
S. Unalaskaensis, Chamisso, l. c., 541.
Western arctic America, near Behring Strait. (Seeman.) Point
Barrow, Alaska. (Prof. Murdock) Kotzebue Sound, Cape Espenberg
and Island of Ounlashka. (othr. Alask.)
(2034.) S. Pallasii, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI’, 285. Var. cras-
sijulis, Anders.
S. crassijulis, Traut. Sal. frigida, 308.
Ounalaska. (Kellogg & Eschscholtz.) Nushagak. (C. L. McKay.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Var. diplodyctya, Anders.
S. diplodyctya, Traut. Sal. frigid, 307.
Forms from Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait, collected by Dr.
Bell, are doubtfully referred here. Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr.
Alask.)
(2035.) S. prolixa, Anders.
Not uncommon around Victoria, Vancouver Island, also in the
valley of Thompson River, at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2036.) S$. phlebophylla, Anders.
S. arctica, var. buxifolia, Ledeb. Fl. Ross, 3, 669.
S. retusa, Hook. FL II., 153.
Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 453
Ounalashka, island of St. Lawrence, and. Kotzebue Sound. (othr.
Alask.) Point Barrow. (Prof. Murdock, U.S.N.)
(2037.) S. polaris, Wahl.
Wainwright Inlet, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Islands north of Lan-
caster Sound, the Parry Islands, and Melville Island, in the Arctic
Ocean. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
(2038.) S$. phyllicoides, Anders.
Avatscha Bay, western arctic America. (othr. Alask.)
(2039.) S. petiolaris, Smith.
S. fuscata, Pursh, Fl. I., 612.
Sandy river banks, either rare or generally overlooked. Petitcodiac,
N.B. (Brittain.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Banks
of the Moira at Belleville, and in numerous places in Northumberland
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Low grounds at London, Ont., and at Emerson,
on the Red River, Man. (Burgess.) Lake Winnipeg and the Saskat-
chewan. (Richardson.) Not uncommon in the neighborhood of
Edmonton, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Var. gracilis, Anders. Sal. Monog. 109.
S. gracilis, Anders. Sal. Bor. Amer. 22.
S. rosmarinifolia, Pursh. Hook. FI. IL, 148.
Saskatchewan. (Richardson, Drummond & Bourgeau.)
(2040.) S. purpurga, Linn. Purple Willow.
S. Lambertiana, Pursh, Fl. I., 611.
Billings’ Bridge, three miles from Ottawa. (J. M. Macoun.) Not
uncommon on Toronto Island, and between Niagara town and Queen-
ston. (Macoun.)
(2041.) S. rostrata, Rich. Livid Willow.
S. livida, var. occidentalis, Gray. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1653.
Our most common species, and one that is very largely collected in
every part of the country. In thickets at Salt Lake, Anticosti; and
at Halifax, Windsor, Annapolis, Yarmouth, and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.)
Frequent at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Very common in New Bruns-
wick, (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and Ontario and
westward across the continent to the Coast Range in British Columbia.
(Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to the prairies of the Rocky Mountains
and north to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie. (Richardson & Drum-
mond.)
454 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(2042.) S. reticulata, Linn.
Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape Chudleigh, Digge’s, Mansfield
and Nottingham Islands, Hudson Strait; also along the east coast
of Hudson Bay. (R&R. Bell.) Summit of Mount Albert, Shick-
shock Mountains, Gaspé. (Macoun.) Fort Franklin to the arctic
shores and islands. (Richardson.) York Factory, Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.) Labrador. (Morrison.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Ounalashka, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne and arctic coast. (Rothr.
Alask.) Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle, and
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Var. nivalis, Hook.
Near the summits on the peaks of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.
(Drummond.) Near the snow line on all the higher mountains, from
Canmore to the Selkirk summit on the line of the Canadian Pacific
Railway, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) North-west Branch of North Fork of
Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(2043.) S$. Richardsoni, Hooker.
Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound to Cape Lisburne. (othr. Alask.)
(2044.) S. Sitchensis, Sanson.
S. cuneata, Nuttall, Sylva L, 66.
Abundant at New Westminster in the Fraser River valley and at
Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) In thickets, neighborhood of Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.) From Alaska southward, along the coast. (Sargent.)
Sitka. (othr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Lake
Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.) Nusha-
gak, Alaska. (C. D. McKay.)
Var. angustifolia, Bebb.
S. chlorophylla, var. pellita, Anders.
Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Rather common in northern British Columbia at Stuart’s Lake and
Fort McLeod, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.)
(2045.) S. sessilifolia, Nuttall.
Collected in the valley of the Fraser River, B.C. (letcher.)
(2046.) S. speciosa, Hook. & Arn.
Fort Norman and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richard-
son.) On the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Beechey.) Eastern British America, north of the
arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.) Nushagak, Alaska. (C.D. McKay.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 455
(2047.) S. sericea, Marshall. Silky Willow.
S. grisea, Willd.
Collected at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) We have scen no specimens,
(2048.) S. tristis, Ait.
Collected at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf of
St. Lawrence. (McKay.) We have seen no specimens.
(2049.) S. vimrnatis, Linn. Basket Osier.
Arichat, Cape Breton, and Halifax, N.S. (Allen.) Cultivated in a
few places, N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) In a few places at Belleville and
near Toronto. (Macoun.)
(2050.) S. vestita, Pursh.
Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)
South-west Point, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Wet clefts of rocks in a
deep ravine, altitude 2,800-3,200 feet, Table Top Mountain, Gaspé.
(Allen.) Crevices of rocks, Lake Mistassini. (McOuat & J. M. Macoun.)
Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Abundant in all elevated situations in the Rocky and
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the more elevated of the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
(2051.) S. Uva-ursi, Pursh.
S. Uva- Ursi, Hook. FI. IT., 152.
S. Cutleri, Tuckerm. in Sillim. Journal, 45, 36.
Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Mount Albert, near the summit, and
Dead Islands, Labrador. (Allen.) Hudson Bay. (Dr. Wright.)
Woody country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)
(2052.) S. lanata, Linn.
Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle, and Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. Pl.)
Note.
In determining the willows, we have had the assistance of M. 8.
Bebb, Esq., Rockford, Ilinois, who has made a special study of the
North American species. All specimens collected by Dawson, Fletcher,
Burgess, Vroom, Bell and myself, have been submitted to him, and our
determinations either confirmed or corrected. The synonymy is far
from perfect, but it is the best we could do with the materials at hand.
Collectors would confer a favor by gathering fruiting specimens in all
parts of the country.
456 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
558. POPULUS, Linn. (POPLAR.)
(2053.) P. tremuloides, Michx. Aspen.
P. trepida, Willd. Pursh. Fl. L, 618.
One of the most widely distributed of the deciduous trees. It is
found on all dry slopes from Newfoundland and Labrador throughout
the northern forest region to Alaska. It constitutes the “ bluffs”
and copse wood scaitered over the prairie region, and is a fine
large tree in the southern part of the sub-arctic forest. Although it
is always found on the dry slopes in the north, in Ontario it more
frequently grows on wet than on dry soil.
(2054.) P. grandidenta, Michx. Large-toothed Aspen.
Rather common in many places in Nova Scotia, mixed with aspen.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Pictou, N.S. (MecKay.) Quite common in
New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) A common tree in Quebec and
Ontario, but usuaily taken for aspen. It generally grows on sandy
soil, intermixed with young pines.
(2055.) P. balsamifera, Linn. Balsam Poplar.
This tree, in habit, differs very much from the aspen, but in its
range it extends even further north, and instead of being of little value,
as the aspen is, it attains a great size and height, as far north
as the arctic circle on the Mackenzie River. West of Manitoba
and northward, it is usually found growing on alluvium in the river
valleys, and in such situations it is often nearly 150 feet high, and
frequently over seven feet in diameter. On the Peace River and
all streams which unite to form the Mackenzie, it occupies all the
islands and low alluvial banks. During the period of flood many trees
fall into the rivers by the wearing away of the banks, and a great
number of them in the course of time reach the Arctic Ocean. These
are eventually cast on the islands and shores, and become the chief
source from which is derived the fuel supply of arctic travel-
lers. The same may be said of the Youcon valley in Alaska, as it is
this tree that occupies the valley and islands of that river on all newly
formed lands, but in time gives place to spruce as the sub-soil
becomes cold and moist from the density of the poplar and willow
growth,
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 457
Var. candicans, Gray.
P. candicans, Ait. Pursh. Fl. L, 618.
Planted for ornament in New Brunswick. (owler’s Cat.) Vicinity
of Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Apparently wild in the neighbor-
hood of Pictou, N.S. Both petioles and upper surface of the leaves
hairy. In Ontario this variety seems to be the prevailing form, if the
hairy petiole and veins of the upper surface of the leaf constitute, with
the heart-shaped, short pointed leaves, the separating characters.
(Macoun.) One small tree detected below Niagara Falls, on the Cana-
dian side, near the water’s edge. Probably of natural growth. (David
F., Day.)
(2056.) P. angustifolia, James. Black Cottonwood.
P. balsamifera, var. angustifolia, Wat. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1675.
In the south-western part of the prairie region along the Milk and
Beily rivers and their tributaries, near Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Common
in the Bow River valley from the Blackfoot Crossing to the Rocky
Mountains. Easily known by its very narrow long pointed leaves.
(Macoun.)
(2057.) P.. trichocarpa, Torr. & Gray.
P. balsamifera. var. Hook. FI. IL, 154.
P. balsumiferu, Lyall. in Jour. Linnean Soc. VIL, 134.
Common in the Columbia valley at Donald, and westward through
the low valleys of the Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.) Valley of the
Fraser River and probably further north. (Sargent.) There is some
difficulty in separating this tree (a western form), from P. monilifera
and P. balsamifera in the northern and north-eastern part of British
Columbia. While it certainly occurs in the valley of the Lower Fraser
we have no notice of its occurrence along the river above Yale.
(Dawson.)
(2058.) P. monilifera, Aiton. Cottonwood.
P, angulata, Ait. Pursh. Fl. I., 619.
P. levigata, Ait. Pursh. Fl. I, 619.
P. angulosa, Michx. FI. IT., 243.
P. Canadensis, Michx. N. American Sylva TI. 111, 1819.
Ste, Anne, Champlain Co., and Lotbiniére,Q. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity
of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) At Billings Bridge, and other places
along the Rideau, near Ottawa. (Hletcher.) In ditches along the
Grand Trunk. railway for its whole length in Ontario. All young
trees produced from western seed, carried by the cars. Large trees in
458 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
old fields at Belleville, also on Presquile Point, Lake Ontario, and
sand along the lake and river shores throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
Sandy shore, Point Pelee, Lake Erie, Essex Co., Ontario. (Burgess.)
Rather common in all the river valleys throughout the prairie region
from the Red River westward to the base of the Rocky Mountains
At “Big Stick” Lake, north of the Cypress Hills, there was a grove
of these trees of a very large size in existence in 1880. These had
escaped the annual prairie fires, being surrounded and partly cov-
ered up by sand, and stood as a proof of the existence of forests in the
past, where now there is not evena bush. The trees were over 50
feet high, and some of them at least two feet in diameter.
Note.
Populus alba (Abele Tree), and P. dilatata (Lombardy Poplar), are
quite common throughout the older settlements. The former is very
difficult to eradicate when once established, owing to the great number
of offsets that spring from the roots.
XCIX. EMPETRACE®. Crow-Berry FAmMIty.
559. EMPETRUM, Linn. (CROW-BERRY.)
(2059.) E. nigrum, Linn. Black Crow-berry.
Newfoundland, Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labrador, Cape Chudleigh,
Digge’s and Nottingham Islands, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Pictou,
Arisaig, and Magdalen Islands, N.S. (McKay.) Abundant in all
peat bogs and on “Bake Apple” barrens in Nova Scotia and Cape
Breton. (Lawson & Sommers.) Hillocks in bogs, common. Rocky
banks, Bay of Chaleurs. (Fowler’s Cat.) Dalhousie, N.B. (Fletcher)
On islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; Anticosti, and many
points on the river St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Along the north shore
of Lake Superior, and at Port Arthur, west of the lake. Thence
it takes a north-westerly direction and is found in peat bogs, on
exposed rocks along lake shores, and on barren grounds to the Pacific
Ocean and Arctic Sea. This is the chief article of food for young
geese in the north, and large flocks of both old and young have been
seen by the writer feeding upon its berries on Anticosti.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 459
560. COREMA, Don. (BROWN CROW-BERRY.)
(2060.) C. Conradii, Torrey.
On rocks, Newfoundland. (Gray.) Near Bedford, and North-west
Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Lindsay & Sommers.) Wilmot, Annapolis, N.S.
(How.) Common on rocky ledges, North-west Arm, Halifax, and
very abundant on sand at Kingston on the Windsor and Annapolis
railway. (Burgess & Macoun.)
C. CERATOPHYLLEM. Horn-worr Famiry.
561. CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn. (HORNWORT.)
(2061.) ©. demersum, Linn.
Not rare, but seldom collected. Ponds and slow streams at Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of Montreal, and at Malden, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.) Commonin the St. Lawrence at Prescott. (Billings.) Gren-
adier Pond, near Toronto. (A. Fowler.) Abundant in the Bay of
Quinte and in still water in all the rivers of Ontario and lake expan-
sions on them; head of the canal at the Sault Ste. Marie, and west-
ward to the head of Lake Winnipegoosisnear Point Wilkins. (Jacoun.)
CI. CONIFER. Pine Famity.
562. THUYA, Linn. (ARBOR-VITA.)
(2062.) T. occidentalis, Linn. White Cedar.
Widely distributed in Quebec and Ontario, where it forms extensive
“‘swamps” in hollows where springs abound. Another favorite haunt
is river banks, where its roots can enter the crevices and obtain mois-
ture, although no earth may cover the bare rock. Very rare in Nova
Scotia. In a swamp within three miles of Annapolis, but said to grow
on the Bay of Fundy side of North Mountain, near that place.
(Macoun.) Common throughout New Brunswick. (Fowler’s Cat.)
On the route from Lake St. John to Lake Mistassini it reaches, as a
9
460 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
fair-sized tree, to within twenty miles of the lake; at the Hudson Bay
Co.’s Post it appears as a small shrub, and is wholly wanting on
Rupert River. (J. M. Macoun.) It is found at Rupert House,
James Bay, and in the neighborhood of Moose Factory. The northern
limit crosses the Albany at some distance from the sea, and continues
westward to a point about seventy-five miles south-west of Trout Lake,
where it turns south-west and reaches the southern extremity of Lake
Winnipeg, thence it turns south to the United States boundary. (AR.
Bell.) A few trees are found near the mouth of the Saskatchewan,
and the last of it is seen on Cedar Lake, in that river, in lat. 53°.30’.
(Cochrane.)
(2063.) T. gigantea, Nuttall. Western White Cedar.
T. plicata, Don. Nuttall Sylva, III., 103.
T. Menziesii, Douglas. Gordon Pinetum, 323.
This is one of the finest trees of Western America, both as regards
height and diameter. On the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway it
first appears as a shrub on the mountains about Kicking Horse Lake,
at an altitude of 6,000 feet, going westward down the valley of the
Kicking Horse it soon becomes a small tree, but in the Columbia val-
ley is rather scarce until about ten miles below Donald, where it forms
large groves, and in the valleys of Beaver Creek and the Illecillewaet,
in the Selkirk Mountains it reaches a height of over 150 feet, with a
diameter of frequently over ten feet. (MMacoun.) It occurs abund-
antly and well-grown in the lower parts of the lateral valleys of the
Columbia-Kootanie valley, on the north-east side, south of the Kicking
Horse, but does not descend into the last-named great valley, which has
a comparatively dry climate. In British Columbia this tree abounds
along the coast and lower parts of the rivers of the Coast Range, north-
ward to Alaska, but is unknown in the dry central plateau, yet it
appears abundantly on the slopes of the Selkirk and Gold Ranges. On
the Salmon River the cedar ceases at forty-five miles from the head of
Dean Inlet, at an elevation of 2,400 feet, though, like the hemlock, it
is again found sparingly, and in a stunted form in the lower part of
the Iltasyouco valley, east of the range. On the Homathco it ceases
at a distance of sixty-three miles from the coast at an elevation of
2,720 feet. On the Uz-tli-hoos it ends, with the hemlock, at about six
miles above Boston Bar; on the Coquihalla, just south of the summit
between that river and the Coldwater. Cedars are also found sparingly
on the Skaist River, or east branch of the Skagit, and a few were
observed on the banks of the Similkameen, about thirteen miles below
Vermilion Forks. It extends westward from the flanks of the Gold
Range, in the Coldstream valley, sparingly, to within eight miles of
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 461
the head of Okanagan Lake. It abounds round the shores of the
north-eastern part of Shuswap Lake, and in the North Thompson val-
ley, to about twenty miles below the mouth of the Clearwater. It is
said that there is a grove of trees of this species on the Fraser below
Fort George, and Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1793) found it growing,
in company with the hemlock, at the head waters of the Parsnip. It
also occurs in the valley of the Quesnel. (Dawson.)
(2064.) T. excelsa, Bongard. Yellow Cypress.
Cupressus Nutkaensis, Hook. Fl. II, 165. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1705.
Chamecyparis Nutkaensis, Spach. Nutt. Sylva ITI., 105.
This tree is closely confined to the vicinity of the coast and adja-
cent islands. It is also found about Burrard Inlet, on the slopes of the
mountains, several hundred feet above the sea level. On Silver Moun-
tain, near Yale, Mr. Sargent describes a few large trees as occurring at
4,000 feet elevation, and many smaller ones extending up to 5,500 feet.
Further north it descends to the coast. It also occurs in the interior
of Vancouver Island, being found sparingly on the shores of the
Nimpkish or Karmutzen Lake, and generally on plateaux and mountains
a short distance inland on the northern part of the island. It reaches
the sea-level in the northern part of Queen Charlotte Sound, and is
abundant in some parts of Queen Charlotte Islands, particularly on
the west coast. It sometimes exceeds six feet in diameter. (Dawson.)
Sitka, south along the islands and coast ranges of British Columbia.
(Sargent.) Sitka and Southern Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)
(2065.) T. sphzeroidea, Sprengel. White Cedar.
Cupressus thyoides, Linn. Michaux Fl. IL, 208. Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst.
Vol. IV., Pt. IL., 209.
Chamecyparis sphxroidea, Spach. Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am., 177.
Cape Breton Island and Three-Mile House, near Halifax, N.S.
(Lawson.) Whether planted or indigenous at the above points we
have no means of determining, but one beautiful tree is growing at
Windsor, Ont., where it was planted many years ago. (Macoun.)
563. JUNIPERUS, Linn. (JUNIPER,)
(2066.) J. occidentalis, Hook. Western Red Cedar.
J. excelsa, Pursh, Fl. I., 647.
J. Virginiana, Linn. Macoun’s Geol. Sur. Rep. 1875-76.
Without hesitation, I place all our western “red cedar” under this
species, because it differs both in leaves, wood and fruit from the east-
462 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
ern form. Not uncommon, in bogs, in the Columbia valley, near
Donald, and in an old beaver-meadow at the mouth of Beaver Creek,
thirteen miles below Donald, B.C. (dMacoun.) On rocky soil along
the shores of Kamloops, Frangois and other lakes, and elsewhere, with
a diameter of about one foot. Not infrequent on rocky points on
Vancouver Island and small islands in the Gulf of Georgia. (Dawson.)
(2067.) J. Virginiana, Linn. Red Cedar.
J. Barbadensis, Michx. Fl. IL, 246.
Partridge Island, Parsboro, N.S. (How.) Rather uncommon at
Ottawa, but extending both above and below the city. (Fletcher, Fl.
Ott.) This species is confined in Ontario to rocky river banks, ascend-
ing all the rivers entering the St. Lawrence and great lakes between
Montreal and Parry Sound. Very abundant in the Bay of Quinte dis-
trict, covering large areas along its shores, even at the present time.
Although ascending the rivers for many miles, it is never found away
from their rocky shores, and on the Niagara peninsula, where it is still
tolerably abundant, it delights in rocky soil. (Macoun.) Port Col-
borne, Point Abino and Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Sandy and
rocky ground, Kingston, and at Niagara Falls, Ont. (Burgess.) This
tree crosses the St. Lawrence about mid-way between Montreal and
Lake Ontario, and reaches Lake Huron at Parry Sound. (R. Bell.)
(2068.) Ja communis, Linn. Common Juniper.
This species, under either its common or alpine form, is found from
the bleak rocks of Labrador to the coast of the Pacific. At one time
on an exposed shore, at another on a mountain top, beside the cat-
ract, and again on the shore of a lonely lake, it greets the wanderer
wherever he may be, and yet it is nowhere abundant. On Point
Pleasant, Halifax, N.S.; also Sydney, Cape Breton Island. (Lawson &
How.) Dry pastures and barren hills, St. John Co., N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) Charlotte, King’s Co., N.B. (Hay.) Hratuent on the shores
of the St. Lawrence River and Gulf from the Island of Orleans to the
Straits of Belle Isle. (St. Cyr.) Throughout Ontario and west-
ward across the prairie to the Rocky Mountains, where it assumes the
next form. (Macoun.) North fork of Old Man River, foot-hills,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) In the most exposed and sterile situa-
tions. (Hooker.)
Var. alpina, Linn.
J. nana, Willd. Rothr. Alask. 455.
J. communis, var. nana, Hook. Fl. II., 165.
Very few collectors separate this form from the preceding, and we
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 463
are uncertain of its range. Lake Mistassini. (J, MZ Macoun.) Sum-
mit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé; Blackfoot Cross-
ing, Bow River, Alberta; also mountain woods from Silver City, in
Rocky Mountains, westward to the summit of the Selkirk Mountains,
Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun). South Kootanie and North Kootanie
Passes, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(2069.) J. Sabina, L. var. procumbens, Pursh. Creeping Juniper.
J. Sabina, var. 8. humilis, Hook. FI. II., 166.
J. prostrata, Pers. Rich. App. 38.
Cupressus thyoides, Hook. Fl. IL. 165.
Abundant on exposed slopes and river banks from Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, across the prairie region
to the summit of the Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake. In
the east it is usually found along rivers and lakes, creeping down the
banks or lying flat on the sand or rocks; on the other hand, on the
prairie, it often covers wide areas of level, sandy ground, to the almost
total exclusion of other vegetation.
564. TAXUS, Linn. (YEW.)
(2070.) T. brevifolia, Nutt. Western Yew.
T. baccata, Hook. Fl. II., 167, in part.
T. Lindleyana, Murray, Lawson Cat. 1855, 15.
This tree occurs on Vancouver Island, and on the shores of the main-
land adjacent, attaining sometimes a diameter of two feet. It is found
as large as eighteen inches in diameter on the Fraser, as far up as
Chapman’s Bar, near the Suspension Bridge. It also occurs on the
Coquihalla, for twenty miles above Hope, and is found on the Lower
Skeena, Not found, or very sparingly, on Queen Charlotte Islands,
(Dawson.) Forming much of the underwood in woods west of the
Columbia and up Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains, at an altitude
of 3,500 to 4,000 feet. This may be the next species. (Macoun.)
(2071.) T. baccata, L. var. Canadensis, Gray. American Yew.
T. baccata, Linn. Hook. FI. II, 167.
T. Canadensis, Willd. Pursh. Fl. I, 647.
T. baccata, var. minor. Michx. FI. II., 245.
Rather common in cool, damp woods in many parts of the forest
country, extending from Newfoundland, Anticosti and Nova Scotia,
where it is abundant, through New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario;
on the shore of Lake Huron it often forms impenetrable thickets, and
464 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
acts as an excellent wind-break along the Bruce Peninsula; passing to
the west, it still continues abundant north of Lake Superior and at
least to Lake Winnipeg. (Macoun.) Collected on Nelson River and.
at York Factory. (R. Bell.)
565. PINUS, Linn. (PINE.)
(2072.) P. Strobus, Linn. White Pine.
One of our most valuable and widely spread trees, extending from
Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through-
out Quebec and Ontario, and reaching nearly to Lake Winnipeg. Dr.
Bell places its eastern limit on the north shore of the St. Lawrence at
Mingan; thence it passes westerly and northerly round the head
of Lake St. John, and, still keeping to the north, is found on the head
waters of the Moose River. In the country north of Lake Superior it
is very scarce; in fact, has no existence on the line of the Pacific
Railway, and only a few trees occur on Nipigon River. (Macoun.)
It is scattered over the country between Lake Superior and the Winni-
peg River and around Lonely Lake, but is of rather small size. In
approaching Lake Winnipeg, the limiting line of the tree curves to the
south-westward, and crosses the Winnipeg River about fifteen miles
above Fort Alexander, and then runs south to Lat, 49°, a little east of
Red River. (R. Beil.)
(2073.) P. monticola, Douglas. Western White Pine.
P. Strobus, var. monticola. Nutt. Sylva IIL, 118.
Pp. porphyrocarpa, Lawson. Pinetum Brit. I, 8.
P. Strobus, Hook. Fl. IL, 161, in part.
Passing west on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the
Rocky Mountains, this tree is first met with on the slopes of the Col-
umbia valley, near Donald. Thence westward, it becomes more
plentiful along Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains, but never
very common, although becoming a fine tall tree on the mountain sides.
(Macoun.) This tree is found on the Hope-Similkameen trail, some
miles beyond the summit, on the Sumallow, about the summit between
the Coquihalla and Coldwater, on the Hope-Nicola trail, and to the
west bank of the Spioos at the trail-crossing. On the Homathco River
it disappears at fifty-one miles from the sea, at an elevation of 2,235
feet.. It reappears in the region of heavy rainfall of the Gold Range,
being abundant at Cherry Creek and on the shores of the Great
Shuswap and Adam’s Lake. Sparingly in the valley of the Tobacco
River and other streams south of the Kicking Horse and north-east of
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 465
the Columbia-Kootanie valley. In certain districts of the interior of
Vancouver Island this tree is abundant, and is found in all parts of the
southern portions of the Coast Range where there is an abundant rain-
fall. It has not been observed on Queen Charlotte Islands, though it
may exist there. (Dawson.)
(2074.) P. flexilis, James. Rocky Mountain Pine.
A few trees are found along the Bow River, on both sides, from a few
miles above Calgary to Morley, and a few others at Kananaskis station,
in the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Found also in the
eastern and lower part of the South Kootanie Pass, and on tributary
valleys of the Old Man in the foot-hills. | Probably also on lateral val-
veys of the Fraser, near Lillooet and elsewhere, though not always
distinguished from the next species. (Dawson.)
(2075.) P. albicaulis, Engelm. White-barked Pine.
P. Lambertiana, var. 8. Hook. Fl. IL, 161.
P. flexitis, Lyall in Jour. Linnean Soc. VIL, 142.
P. flexilis, var. albicaulis, Engelm. Bot. California IL, 124.
On the Rocky Mountains, at an altitude of from 6,000 to 7,000 fect,
extending westward from Castle Mountain to the summit of the Selkirk
Range. (Macoun.) “ Height of Land,” in the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°. (Drummond.) Between the Bow Pass and the 49th parallel in the
Rocky Mountains, everywhere; not uncommon at considerable eleva-
tions and near the timber-line. Sweet Grass Hills, Lat. 49°. Observed
in the Coast Range of British Columbia as far north as the Iltasyouco
River, Lat. 53°. Occurs in the mountains south of the upper part of
the Dean or Salmon River, within the Coast Range. On the summit
of Iron Mountain, at the junction of the Coldwater and Nicola. Noted
by Mr. Sargent on Silver Mountain, near Yale, at 5,000 feet elevation.
( Dawson.)
(2076.) P. resinosa, Aiton. Red Pine.
P. rubra, Michx. N. American Sylva IL, 244, 1819.
This tree is not so widely distributed as the white pine, and much
more local, as it delights in the poorest soil, especially that formed by
the Algoma sand formation, lying amongst the Huronian rocks or
forming “plains” to the south of them. Pictou county, N.S.
(Mc Kay.) Very abundant on extensive sandy plains at Kingston, on
the Windsor and Annapolis railway, N.S. (Macoun.) Abundant in
many places in old forests, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Tobique
River, and on the New Brunswick and Canada Railway, fifty miles
from St. Andrews, N.B. On the upper part of the Patapedia River, in
466 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
eastern Quebec. (R. Bell.) At Sillery, near Quebec, and at the
River Pentecote,Q. (St. Cyr.) At the head of Lake St. John, Q.,
Lat. 48°. (Michauz.) A few trees still exist at Ottawa, but
up the river it is quite plentiful, and in the sandy region around
Chalk River, and west of it, the greater part of the forest growth is of
this species. The Rice Lake plains were chiefly covered with this
tree, as well as all the sandy tracts in Central Ontario. Fine groves
can be seen on the Canadian Pacific railway as far west as Dog Lake,
but after this it becomes rare, and the last one disappears at Birch
Lake, about fifty miles to the west. A few trees appear again on the
Nipigon River, and small groves are found westward of Lake Superior,
to the Lake of the Woods and Winnipeg River; also on sandy ridges
in the Muskeg country west and south-west of the Lake of the Woods.
(Macoun.) Sandy soil around Toronto, and on sand and rock at
Parry Sound, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.)
(2077.) P. ponderosa, Dougl. var. scopulorum, Engelm. in
Bot. California IT., 126.
P. resinosa, Hook. FI. II., 161, in part.
P. ponderosa, Dougl. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1694. Also, Dawson.
A remarkably handsome tree, characteristic of the central and south-
ern dry region of British Columbia, occurring between the Coast Ranges
and line of the Gold and Selkirk Ranges, from the 49th parallel north-
ward to Latitude 51° 30’; also in the Columbia-Kootanie valley, as far
north as the head of the Upper Columbia Lake. References to occur-
rences east of the Rocky Mountains north of the 49th parallel (Report
of Progress, Geological Survey, 1879-80, p. 172 B) not confirmed, and
probably erroneous. On the Similkameen, this tree is found furthest
west three miles above Nine-Mile Creek. On the Coldwater it reaches
to eighteen or twenty miles from the Nicola; down the Fraser, to
thirty miles above Yale, and northward on the main waggon-road to
“the Chasm,” beyond Clinton. It extends for about forty miles up the
North Thompson, is found on the northern slopes of the south-western
arm of the Great Shuswap Lake, and also sparingly on the southern
part of the Salmon arm. West of Okanagan Lake (toward Cherry
Creek), nearly to the Camel’s Hump Mountain. (Dawson.)
(2078.) P. contorta, Dougl. Scrub Pine.
P. inops, Hook. Fl. IT., 161, in part.
P. Banksiana, Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 218,
in part.
Everywhere on the coast of British Columbia, but particularly on
sandy dunes and exposed rocky points, where it is frequently gnarled
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 467
and stunted. Where sheltered or growing in dense groves, it assumes
much the habit of the next species. On the Queen Charlotte Islands
it was scarcely seen, except on the western coast, and was not observed
near the water-level on the lower Skeena. (Dawson.)
(2079.) P. Murrayana, Balfour. Black Pine.
P. contorta, Macoun’s Cat. No. 1679, in part.
P. contorta, var. latifolia, Dawson in Canadian Nat., new ser., IX., 328.
P. inops, Hook. Fi. II., 161, in part.
P. —— Sp. I., Bourg. in Palliser’s Report, 260.
On the east side of the Rocky Mountains, this species was first noticed
in the alpine woods between the Athabasca River and Lesser Slave
Lake; thence southward it is found on the gravelly slopes of the moun-
tains and foot-hills, at an altitude of about 4,000 feet. Fine groves are
found at the western end of the Cypress Hills, but they never descend
more than 500 feet below the summit. On the line of the Canadian
Pacitic Railway it is abundant, both in the Bow valley and on the
mountain sides, amongst gravel, especially at Silver City, and west-
ward to Laggan. In the Columbia valley it covers wide areas of poor
soil at Donald, and is seen on all the lower slopes of the mountains on
the east side of the river. (Macoun.) This is the characteristic tree
over the northern part of the interior plateau of British Columbia, and
densely covers great areas. In the southern part of the province it is
found abundantly on parts of the plateau and hills which rise above
the height of 3,500 feet, where the rainfall becomes too great for the
healthy growth of P. ponderosa. It grows also abundantly on the sandy
benches and river-flats at less elevations. Dall states the northern limit
of this tree to be on the Youcon, at Fort Selkirk, Latitude 62°. In the
Peace River region it crosses the Rocky Mountain range, and_ occurs,
more or less abundantly, over a great area, generally on the higher
plateaux with poor soil. It is replaced by the Banksian pine at the
water-shed between the Athabasca and Saskatchewan, south of Atha-
basca Landing. Abundant southward in the Rocky Mountains to the
49th parallel, and extending into the adjacent foothills. In the interior
of British Columbia it often forms dense groves, the trees being 60 to
even 100 feet in height, but seldom exceeding a diameter of two feet.
It does not extend upward to the timber limit in the Rocky Mountains.
Found also in the Sweet Grass Hills. (Dawson.)
(2080.) P. rigida, Miller. Pitch Pine.
Valley of the St. John River, New Brunswick, to the northern shores
of Lake Ontario. (Sargent.) I have never seen this tree in any part
of Ontario, except on the Thousand Islands, in the St, Lawrence, near
in| Bay. (Macoun.)
468 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(2081.) P. Banksiana, Lambert. Scrub Pine.
P. sylvestris, var. divaricata, Aiton Hort. Kew, IIL, 366.
P. rupestris, Michx. N. American Sylva IT., 250, 1819.
This tree extends from Halifax, in Nova Scotia, north-westerly to the
Athabasca River, near old Fort Assiniboine, and northerly down the
Mackenzie River to the arctic circle. In the east it scarcely forms a
tree, but on the Ottawa, at Petewawa and Chalk River, it is one of
some size. North of Lake Superior, it forms groves of tall trees,
which become taller and finer on the Dawson Route; westward of
Lake Winnipeg and north of the Saskatchewan, it equals the red
pine of the east in height and diameter. It is so well-grown on
the Clearwater River, north of Methy Portage, that Sir John
Richardson confounded it with P. resinosa in his list of trees and shrubs
of British America. (Macoun.) Starting from the head of the Bay of
Chaleurs, its northern limit seems to be Lake Mistassini, from which
it runs west to the Moose River, keeping about 100 miles south of
James Bay. It does not touch either James or Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.)
Abundant, though of small size, in most of the country around Lake
Mistassini and down the Rupert River as far as Lake Nemiskow. (J.
M. Macoun.) Two trees only have been observed near Ottawa, one
found on King’s Mountain, Chelsea, P.Q., by Mrs. J. G. Bourinot, and
one near the Mer Bleue at Eastman’s Springs. (Fletcher.)
566. PICEA, Link. (SPRUCE.)
(2082.) P. nigra, Link. Black Spruce.
Pinus nigra, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 163.
P. rubra, Lam. Hook. Fl. IL, 164.
Abies denticulata, Michx. FI. IT., 206.
A. nigra, Poir. Gray, Man. 471, 1868. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1688.
A. rubra, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 211.
A, nigra, var. rubra, Michx. N. America Sylva. 3rd ed., III., 141.
This tree is abundant in Newfoundland and in every part of Canada,
except southern Ontario and the prairie region. It climbs highest on
the Shickshocks, in Gaspé, and creeps the closest of any of our conifers
to the cold waters of the Labrador coast and Arctic Sea. At its north-
ern and southern limit it nearly loses its tree form, becoming in the
north a bush, while in the south, in the deep swamps, it is little larger
than a hop-pole. From Lake Winnipeg, westward, it becomes a mag-
nificent tree, averaging from two to three feet in diameter and rising
to a height of eighty feet. North of the Saskatchewan and south of
Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis, it covers large areas, while in the
Beaver and Athabasca valleys it is even larger, and descends the latter
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 469
stream to Lake Athabasca (Lat. 59°), still maintaining its fine propor-
tions. It is probably a mistake to give the habitat of this species and
the next as being coincident, and to extend the range of the next into
northern Labrador and the barren grounds west of Hudson Bay, as all
specimens of spruce obtained from Labrador and the far north are this
species. (Macoun.) Newtoundland, Nova Scotia and throughout
Canada to Lat. 65°, where it terminates with Betula papyracea.
(Richardson.) Very likely a common tree in Northern British Colum-
bia, having been observed on the Blackwater and other rivers up to
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.)
(2083.) P. alba, Link. White Spruce.
Pinus alba, Poir. Hook. FI. IT., 163.
Abies alba, Poir. Michx. Fl. IL, 207. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1689.
Abies rubra, var. cxrulea, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London,
V., 211.
Abies arctica, Murray in Sullann’s Jour. Bot. V., 253 and 69.
This species is easily recognized and separated from the preceding
by the difference of the cones. In the former they are quite short, sel-
dom an inch long, and the scales are eroded and deep purple, even
when quite old. On the other hand, this species has narrow, drooping
cones, never under an inch in length, and the scales pale straw-color or
brown at maturity. Regarding the distribution, I can only say that
Sir John Richardson and Prof. Sargent assert that this species is really
the northern one, while I, on the other hand, hold the contrary opinion.
I have specimens from Hare: N.S., from Gaané from Nipigon, north
of Lake Superior, from various points on the prairie, and from the
foot-hills and lower slopes of the Rocky Mountains, but not one from
north of the Saskatchewan, except Dr. Dawson’s, from the Athabasca ;
all the specimens from that quarter and northern British Columbia
being most decidedly black spruce. In habit, this tree is totally dif.
ferent from P. nigra. While the latter loves damp localities, this
species prefers comparatively dry woods and is found mixed with pop-
lar, birch, and other trees. On the prairies, it is found on gand-hills
and dry slopes of river banks, and this being the case, it is not reason-
able to expect it to take to cold and damp localities in the north, when,
reasoning from the habits of others, we should expect it to affect even
drier situations. Time will settle all these points, but no reliance should
be placed on any statement not founded on examination of the fruit,
Without doubt, this species, ranges from Newfoundland, Anticosti,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario, west-
ward to the forest limit of Manitoba. In the prairie region it is found
on the sand-hills bordering the first prairie,steppe. Occasional trees
are met with in the Saskatchewan valley, and in the ravines of the
470 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Cypress Hills are numerous small groves. It ascends the Bow River
from Calgary, and becomes intermixed with P. Engelmanni at Silver
City, within the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the Athabasca in
Latitude 54° 7’ 34”, Longitude 118° 48". (Dawson.) Throughout Nova
Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Sea, and on
the Coppermine River ; in Lat. 673° it attains a height of twenty
feet or more. (Richardson.)
(2084.) P. Engelmanni, Engelm. Engelmann’s Spruce.
Abies nigra, Engelmann in Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd series, XX XIIT., 330.
A. Engelmanni, Parry. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1694.
This species is first met with in the Bow River valley, on the line of
the Canadian Pacific Railway, about the Cascade Mountain, but does
not completely supersede P. alba until we pass Castle Mountain,
At Laggan and all points westward it is the only spruce, and at Kick-
ing Horse Lake'there are groves containing many fine trees. In the
Columbie valley and all valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, it grows to
a great size, often being four feet in diameter and having an average
height of over 150 feet. It is more a tree of the valleys than of the
mountains, seldom ascending above 6,000 feet. It is possible that
another species which we now refer to P. alba, belongs here. (Macoun.)
This tree appears to characterize the interior plateau and eastern
part of the Province of British Columbia, with the exception of the
dry southern portion of the former, and forms dense groves in the
mountains. It borders nearly all the streams and swamps in the
northern portion of British Columbia between about 2,500 and 3,500
feet elevation, and forms dense groves in the valleys of the Rocky
Mountains. In the north-eastern part of British Columbia, varieties
occur which, according to Prof. Engelmann, who has examined my
specimens, are indistinguishable from P. alba, and in some places in
the Peace River basin these varieties preponderate. Specimens col-
lected on the Peace River plateau (Lat. 55° 46’ 54”, Long. 120’, altitude
2,600 feet), are still referrable to P. Hngelmanni, but trees on the Atha-
basca (Lat. 54° 7’ 34’, Long. 118° 48’) belong to P. alba, The north-
ern and north-eastern range of Engelmann’s spruce is, therefore,
indeterminate. (Dawson.)
(2085.) P. Sitchensis, Carr. Western Spruce. Menzies’ Spruce.
Pinus Sitchensis, Bong. Hook. Fl. I1., 164.
Abies Menziesii, Lindley. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1693.
Pinus Menziesii, Douglas. Hook. FI. II., 162.
Abies Sitchensis, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 212.
This tree seems to be confined chiefly to the immediate vicinity of
the coast of British Columbia, where it attains a large size, and is, to
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 471
some extent, used as lumber. It was, however, observed on the sum-
mit between the Coldwater and Coquihalla Rivers (3,280 feet) ; also
on the Nicolume, a few miles beyond the summit, between that stream
and the Sumallow, and on the west side of the Spioos, near the trail
crossing. It was noted (doubtfully) on the summit between the forks
of the Skeena and Babine Lake. (Dawson.)
567. TSUCA, Carr. (HEMLOCK.)
(2086.) T. Canadensis, Carr. Hemlock.
Pinus Canadensis, Linn. Hook. FI. II, 164.
Abies Canadensis, Desf. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1697.
Very abundant on cold soils in many parts of Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick, and throughout Quebec and Ontario. It is everywhere a
fine large tree, and would be more valued were pine not so plentiful.
(Macoun.) Its northern limit crosses the St. Lawrence a little below
Quebec, and passes thence to the north end of Lake Temiscamang,
on the Ottawa River, and from there to the eastern extremity of Lake
Superior at Agawa, south of Michipicoten River. (R. Bell.)
(2087.) T. Mertensiana, Carr. Western Hemlock.
Pinus Mertensiana, Bong. Hook. Fl. IL, 164.
P. Canadensis, Bong. var. #. Hook. Fl. II., 164.
Abies Mertensiana, Lindl. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1691.
A. Albertiana, Murray. Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III, 149.
Pinus Pattoniana, McNab, Proc. Royal Irish Acad., 2nd series, IT., 211-212.
Abies Pattonii, McNab in Jour. Linnzean. Soc., XIX., 208.
On the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, this tree was noticed
furthest east in the valley of the Columbia, at Donald, but it is, no
doubt, abundant on the mountain slopes about 1,000 feet above the
river. Few of these trees are noticed along Beaver Creek valley, on
the line of the road, until Stony Creek is reached, at an altitude of
3,500 feet. Thence to the Selkirk summit scarcely any other tree
is seen, and ascending the mountain side above this line, anywhere
along Beaver: Creek, it is always met with. In the Selkirk Mountains
it is a tall, beautiful tree, over 150 feet high and often very large.
(Macoun.) The hemlock occurs everywhere in the vicinity of the
coast of British Columbia, and extends up the valley of the Fraser and
other rivers to the limit of the region of abundant rainfall. It re-ap-
pears in the Selkirk and Gold ranges, where sufficient moisture for its
growth is again found. The tree attains a large size on the coast,
reaching a height of 200 feet, and yields a good wood, but has not yet
472 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
been much used. On the Queen Charlotte Islands it is particularly
abundant and large. On the Salmon River, running into Dean Inlet,
it is not found in abundance beyond eighteen miles from the sea, at an
elevation of about 600 feet. It occurs again, however, sparingly, on
the lower part of the Iltasyouco River, a tributary of the last, within
the Coast Range. On the Homathco River, flowing into Bute Inlet, it
ceases at fifty-three miles from the sea, at an elevation of 2,320 feet.
On the Uz-tli-hoos (north-east branch of the Anderson, followed by the
trail from Bostou Bar to Nicola,) it extends to a point six to ten miles
east of the Fraser ; on the Coquihalla to the summit between that river
and the Coldwater. It is mentioned by Sir A. Mackenzie (Voyages,
p- 223) as occurring at the head-waters of the Parsnip (about Lat.
54° 30’). This is the most northern locality yet known. (Dawson.)
(2088). T. Pattoniana, Engelm. Hemlock.
Abies Pattoniana, Jeffrey, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad., VIL., 402.
A. Hookeriana, Murray. Veitch Man. Conif., 115.
A. Williamsonii, Vasey Cat. Forest Trees, 33.
Valley of the Fraser River, on Silver Mountain, Yale, and probably
much further north as it is an alpine tree varying from an elevation
of 2,700 feet in British Columbia to 10,000 feet in California.
(Sargent.)
568. PSEUDOTSUCA, Carr. (RED FIR.)
(2089.) P. Douglasii, Carr. Douglas Fir.
Pinus taxifolia, Lambert. Pursh, FI. I., 640.
Abies Douglasti, Lindley. Macoun’s Cat. No. 1692.
A. mucronata, Raf. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213,
Pinus Douglasii, Lambert. Hook. Fl. IL., 162.
Abies Douylasii, var. taxifolia, Gordon, Pinetum, 16.
This tree is found on all parts of Vancouver Island, with the excep-
tion of the exposed western coast, but does not occur on the Queen
Charlotte Islands or coast archipelago to the north of Vancouver. On
the mainland, near the 49th parallel, it extends from the coast to the
Rocky Mountains, growing at a height of 6,000 feet in a stunted form:
It occurs on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains on the 49th
parallel, and is abundant in the foot-hills further north, and on the
Porcupine Hills. On the Bow River, it extends east to the vicinity of
Calgary. In thedry southern portion of the interior of British Columbia
itis generally confined to the higher uplands between the various
river valleys, northward it descends to the general level of the country.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 473
It does not extend into the mountainous and comparatively humid
region of Cariboo, and is probably absent from the higher portions of
the Selkirk and Gold ranges generally. Its northern line is singularly
irregular. It is found about Fort George, and north-eastward as far as
McLeod’s Lake, but does not occur on the Parsnip. It extends about
halfway up Tacla Lake, and on Babine Lake to the bend or knee. A
few specimens occur on the Skeena River. It is common about
Frangois and Fraser lakes. It is found from the Fraser to the Coast
Range on the line of the Chilcotin and its tributaries, and occurs
on the Nazco and up the Blackwater to the mouth of the Iscultaesli,
but is absent from an extensive tract of country bounded by the last
named localities to the south and east, and extending northward to
Frangois Lake. It occurs abundantly on the coast of the mainland as
far north as the north end of Vancouver Island, but beyond that point
is found only on the shores of the inlets at some distance from the sea.
It is found on the upper part of Dean Inlet and on the Salmon River
which runs into this inlet, but at about forty-five miles from the salt-
water becomes small and stunted, and, as above stated, is not seen in
that part of the interior lying to the eastward. Its north-eastern limit
in the Rocky Mountain range is still somewhat uncertain. The best
grown specimens are found near the coast, in proximity to the waters
of the many bays and inlets which indent it. Here the tree frequently
surpasses eight feet in diameter, at a considerable height above the
ground, and reaches a height of 200 to 300 feet, forming prodigious
and dark forests. (Dawson.)
569. ABIES, Juss. (BALSAM.)
(2090.) A. balsamea, Miller. Canada Balsam Fir.
Pinus balsamea, Linn. Hook. FI. II, 163.
A, balsamifera, Michx. Fl. II., 207, in part.
Abundant in swamps throughout the eastern provinces, and a com-
mon tree in every part of Quebec and Ontario. It seems to need a
constant supply of water at its roots, as many die in exceptionally dry
seasons, while white spruce in the same localities remains uninjured.
Canada and Nova Scotia to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) In the
country around Lake Mistassini it grows mixed with aspen, birch and
white spruce, and on the lower part of the Rupert River it is found
growing with thesame trees all the way to James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.)
It occurs around James Bay, but its northern limit keeps to the south-
west of Hudson Bay, where it passes between Fort Severn and Trout
474 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Lake, and reaches the neighborhood of the junction of the Shammat-
tawa and Steel Rivers, which form the Hayes River. From this point
it turns south-west and crosses the Nelson River at the outlet of Sipi-
wesk Lake. (R. Bell.) Both Dr. Bell and Professor Sargent give the
range of this tree to Lat. 65°, which is evidently a mistake, as Sir John
Richardson states its limit to be in Lat. 62°. Sir William Hooker, in
his Flora places the limit on the Saskatchewan, while we have found
it on the Athabasca River in Lat. 58°. (Macoun.)
(2091.) A. subalpina, Engelm. Mountain Balsam.
Pinus lasiocarpa, Hook. FI. II., 163.
Picea amabilis, Gordon, Pinetum, 154, in part.
A. bifolia, Murray, In Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III., 320.
A. grandis, Engelm. in Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., XXXIV., 310.
Pinus amabilis, Parlatore in De Candolle Prod. XVI., 426, in part.
Picea bifolia, Murray in London Gard, Chronicle, 1875, 105.
Interior of north-west America, last journey. (Douglas.) On
the summit of the House Mountain, south of Lesser Slave Lake;
abundant in the Bow River Pass on mountain slopes from 5,000 to
7,000 feet altitude, extending on the line of the Canadian Pacific
railway from Castle Mountain to the ‘Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)
Appears to take the place of A. grandis in the region east of the
Coast ranges in British Columbia. It is not found in the southern dry
portion of the interior plateau, but grows abundantly in the Gold and
Selkirk ranges, and in the Rocky Mountain region east of McLeod’s
Lake. Elsewhere in the northern portion of the interior plateau it
occurs in scattered groves, generally in localities nearly reaching or
surpassing 4,000 feet, but even in low valleys in the eastern portion of
the Coast ranges. It crosses the Rocky Mountains in the Peace River
district, and occurs in cold damp situations in the country between
Lesser Slave Lake and the Athabasca River. In high and cool valleys
in the Rocky Mountains, southward to the 49th parallel, reaching
upward to the timber-line. (Dawson.)
(2092.) A. grandis, Lindley. Western White Fir.
Pinus grandis, Doug]. Hook. FI. II., 163.
Picea grandis, Loudon. Gordon, Pinetum, 155.
A. Gordoniana, Carr., Trait. Conif., 2nd ed., 298.
A. amabilis, Murray, in Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III., 310.
In British Columbia, confined to the vicinity of the coast, where its
range appears to be even more strictly limited than that of the cedar
or hemlock. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 475
(2093.) A. amabilis, Forbes. White Fir.
Pinus amabilis, Dougl., in Companion Bot. Mag., IT., 93.
Picea amabilis, Loudon. Gordon, Pinetum, 154.
A. grandis, Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc., London, IIL. 308.
A grandis, var. densiflora, Engelm. in Trans. St. Louis Acad., IV., 599.
Dean or Salmon River, B. C., June 24th, 1876. (Dawson.) Valley
of the Fraser River, on Silver Mountain, Yale. (Hngelmann & Sargent.)
Prof. Sargent suggests that this tree may in some cases have been
confounded with A. subalpina, in British Columbia, which is more than
likely. (Dawson.)
570. LARIX, Mill. (TAMARACK, LARCH.)
(2094.) L. Americana, Michaux. Tamarack, Black Larch.
Pinus pendula, Aiton. Hook. Fl. IL, 164.
P. microcarpa, Lambert. Hook. FI. II., 164.
Abies pendula, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213.
A. microcarpa, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213.
L. tenuifolia, Salisbury in Trans. Linnean Soc., VIIL, 313.
L. pendwa, Salisbury in Trans. Linnean Soc., VIIL,313.
L. micrucarpa, Desf. Gordon, Pinetum, 129.
L. intermedia, Lodd. Forbes, Pinetum, Woburn, 139.
This species, with the black spruce, occupies nearly all the swampy
ground from Newfoundland, Labrador, and the eastern provinces to
the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains in the Peace River region,
and on the Athabasca; on the Rocky Mountain portage above Hud-
son’s Hope, Peace River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) From York Factory,
Hudson Bay to Point Lake, Lat. 65°, where it only attains a height of
from 6 to 8 feet. (Richardson.)
(2095.) L. occidentalis, Nutt. Western Tamarack.
Pinus Larix, Douglas in Companion Bot. Mag., IT., 109.
Pinus Nuttallii, Parlatore in De Candolle Prod. XVI’, 412.
Abundant and large in the Kootanie-Columbia valley, and in the
lower parts of smaller valleys tributary to it, ending to the north with
Pinus ponderosa at the head of the upper Columbia Lake. Probably
wanting in the Selkirk and Gold ranges, save in exceptionally low
valleys. To the west of these ranges, sparingly, about Great Shu-
swap Lake; also, in the Coldstream valley, near the head of Okinagan
Lake. The summit between Osoyoos Lake and the Kettle River was
named Larch-tree Hill by the boundary commission expedition, this
being the first place at which the tree was found abundantly in travel-
11
6 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
ig eastward. Not found on the coast. One or two very small speci-
ens observed north of Is-cul-taesli River, tributary of the Blackwater,
mg. 124°, B.C., June 4th, 1876. This is the only point at which this
ee has been found west of the localities last mentioned, and its occur-
nce here must be regarded as quite exceptional. (Dawson.)
096.) L. Lyallii, Parlatore. Mountain Larch.
Pinus pendula, Hook. Fl. II., 164., in part.
North-west America, gathered in Douglas’ last journey. (Hooker.)
ming the last belt of timber on all peaks of the Rocky Mountains
ove 7,000 feet, from Cascade Mountain, Bow River valley, westward
the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, growing with P. ablicau-
Not noticed in the Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.) Cascade
ountains, 6,500 to 7,000 feet, forming an open belt of trees mingled
th P. albicaulis, on the Galton Range, at 6,000 feet, and in the
»cky Mountains, at 7,000 feet, growing with P. albicaulis. (Lyall.)
‘obably on all mountains of sufficient height to the eastern edge of
e Rocky Mountain range, as it occurs on the summit of Sheep Moun-
n on the east side of Waterton Lake, where specimens were collected
Mr. McConnell (1881.) Summit of the South Kootanie Pass. Not
served on the mountains in the Peace and Pine River passes.
Jawson.)
Additions and Corrections to Parts I-II.
!
PART I.
1. CLEMATIS.
Page 11.
(1.) C. verticillaris, DC. Scattered in rocky woods at two
stations near St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Rather abundant at the
foot of a rocky cliff Nashwaaksis, near Fredericton, N.B. (Moser.)
Var. Columbiana, Gray. This is the Cypress Hills, Rocky
Mountain and British Columbian form. Dr. Gray believes it to be a
very good variety. It is easily distinguished by its very long and
pointed sepals, and entire leaflets, also found on the Wild Horse
Plains, Washington Territory, by Fletcher.
(3.) C. ligusticifolia, Nutt. Ross’ Creek and Seven Persons’
Coulée, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.) Pincher Creek, N.W.T.
(Dawson.) Frequent in the dry couutry from Lytton to Kamloops,
B.C. (Fletcher.)
Var. brevifolia, Nutt. Thickets near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)
2. ANEMONE.
Page 12.
(6.) A. occidentalis, Watson. Very abundant at the upper
limit of trees at Castle Mountain and mountains at Kicking Horse Lake;
Rocky Mountains, also on the Selkirks at the summit of the railway
paas, 1885. (Macoun.) Western summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, 1883, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(7.) Ae parviflora, Michx. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) Common on the high lands of Forteau, Labrador.
(W. E. Stearns.) Crevices of rocks, Lake Mistassini, 1885. (7.
478 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Macoun.) Very common along river banks and wet exposed places,
Anticosti. Very abundant along rivers and small streams in the
Rocky Mountains and far up their slopes on the 51st parallel.
(Macoun.)
(8.) A. Drummondii, Watson.
A: Baldensis, Hook. F1.1.,5. Part L., No. 8.
Slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (ZLyall.) Abundant on
the slopes of cool ravines and on the summits of the Rocky Mountains,
from the Kananaskis to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat.51°. (Macoun.)
(9.) Aw nemorosa, Linn. Var. (?) The British Columbian
form of this species is distinct from the eastern, having much smaller
flowers uniformly three-parted leaves and being in general appearance
quite dissimilar. Dean or Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.) Not un-
common in woods near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) In
woods, Port Moody, B.C. (#iil.) This may be the A. trifolia of
Linneus.
Page 13.
(13.) A, Virginiana, Linn. Woodstock, N.B. ( Vroom.) Lower
Kennebeccasis, Madawaska and St. Francis Rivers, N.B. (Hay.)
Andover, and along the St. John, N.B. ( Wetmore.)
(14.) A. multifida, DC.
A. decapetala, Linn. Hooker Arct. PI.
Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. Pl.)
On gravel along the Jupiter River, Anticosti., (Macoun.) Fort
Churchill, at the mouth ofthe Churchill River, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.)
Near Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
(15.) A. dichotoma, Linn. In tall grass on wet places at Salt
Lake and Jupiter River, Anticosti. (dMacoun.)
Page 14.
(17.) A. Hepatica, Linn. Leaves of this species were brought
from Ashe’s Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Hudson Strait, by Dr. R.
Bell, 1885.
3. THALICTRUM.
(19.) T. anemonoides, Michx. In shady woods, southern part
of Oxford and Brant Co.’s, Ont. (Burgess.) Banks of the Humber,
near Toronto. (J. Ades Fowler.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 479
(20.) T. dioicum, Linn. Common at Annapolis, Windsor and
Bedford, N.S. ; also on Anticosti. (Macoun.) Common on highlands
along the margins of streams and in the interior at Forteau, Labrador.
(W. E. Stearns.) Frequent in New Brunswick. (Mowler’s Cat.) Very
common at Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.)
(21.) T. purpurascens, Linn. Later researches show that this
is not an uncommon species eastward, but has been included in 7.
Cornuti. An examination of the filaments and anthers will enable any
one to decide to which species a specimen shoul! be referred. Along
Jupiter River, Anticosti, and at Bedford, N.S. (Macoun.) Mingan
Islands. (St. Cyr.) Along the Ottawa below the city. (Ami.)
Var. ceriferum, Austin. In sandy woods on Dunning’s Farm,
near Drummondville, Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) In an open field
about seven miles east of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(2097.) T. occidentale, Gray. On the -wooded slopes of the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Eastern summit
of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 15.
(23.) T. alpinum, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, eastern end of Hudson
Straits. (A. Bell.) Abundant in all the river valleys of Anticosti.
(Macoun.)
4. MYOSURUS.
(25.) M. minimus, Linn. Souris, Plain, south of Moose Moun-
iain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Cedar Hill, near Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.) It is extremely probable that the British Columbian form
is a distinct species.
(26.) M. aristatus, Benth. Near Short Creek, Souris River,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.)
5. RANUNCULUS.
(27.) R. hederaceus, Linn. This form should be R. aquatilis,
var. heterophyllus, as the above species is excluded by Watson in Bot.
California, Vol. II, 425. In pools near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.) The
various forms of &. aquatilis require careful revision, and we await Dr.
Gray’s new work with great interest.
480 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Page 16.
“(29.) R. multifidus, Pursh. Var. y. repens, Watson. In a
swampy piece of woods near Truro, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Muddy
places near St. John, N.B. (Hay.) In ditches near Regina, N.W.T.
(Cowdry.)
(30.) R. alismzefolius, Geyer. All eastern references to this
species belong to the next. Collected at Victoria, 1883. ( Fletcher.)
Near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)
(2098.) R. ambigens, Watson. Southern part of Ontario. (Goldie.)
Vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (MeGill Coll. Herb.)
Page 17
(32.) R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. Var. alpinus, Hook. Not un-
common along the margin of Salt Lake, Anticosti, 1883. (Macoun.)
Page 18.
(34.) R. affinis, R. Br. Var. leiocarpus, Traut. Cape Chud-
leigh, entrance to Hudson Strait; also on Digges Island, Hudson
Strait, 1884. (&. Bell.)
(3%.) R. abortivus, Linn. Var. micranthus, Gray. If
there is no mistake in Dr. Gray’s description of this species, all our
specimens collected in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and the eastern part of
Ontario, belong here We hope Dr. Gray will look into: this species
in his forthcoming work. Dr. Burgess reports all the specimens
collected at London as this form.
Page 19.
(39.) R. recurvatus, Poir. Ice gorge, North Mountain, near
Annapolis, ..S. (Macoun.) Kennebeccasis and St. John Rivers, N.B.
(Hay.) Clifton and Andover, N.B. (Wetmore.) Island of Orleans, Q.
(St. Cyr.) In woods at Lake Mistassini. (J M. Macoun.)
(40.) R. pygmezeus, Wahl. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.)
(41.) R. Lapponicus, Linn. In a swamp at the head of Lake
Ellen, Nipigon River; also on Peninsula Point, north end of Lake
Nipigon, 1884. (MMacoun.)
Page 20.
(42.) R. hyperboreus, Rottb. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hud-
son Strait. (R. Bell.)
(44.) R. nivalis, Linn. Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh ; also,
Digges and Mansfield Islands in Hudson Strait, 1884. Specimens very
fine in both fruit and flower. (2. Bell.)
Var. Eschscholtzii, Watson. Abundant on the upper slopes
of all the Rocky Mountains by little brooks running from melting
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 481
snow, and in the same situations in the Selkirk Mountains, 1885. Dr.
Gray thinks this may be a new species.
Page 21.
(46.) R. BuLBosus, Linn. Very abundant in a meadow at Shelburne,
N.S. (Rev. J. Rosborough.)
(48.) R. repens, Linn. Since Part I. was written, we have found
by actual examination, that this species, both in its introduced and
native forms, is abundant in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec.
In no case has the introduced plant been detected in Ontario. Intro-
duced at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Page 22,
Var. nitidus, Chapman. The London specimens referred to this
variety are only a smooth form of the species growing inshade.
(49.) R. Nelsoni, Gray. Frequent in woods, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Var. tenellus, Gray. Valley of Flathead River, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) Common in woods at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(50.) R. Californicus, Benth. The specimens referred to this
species were in flower and hence immature. In 1885, Mr. James
Fletcher obtained numerous specimens in fine fruit, which show that
the forms referred here belonged to the next two species.
(51.) R. occidentalis, Nutt. Abundant around Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.)
(52.) R. orthorhynchus, Hook. Abundant in damp and grassy
fields, Victoria, B.C. (letcher.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(2099.) R, muricatus, L. On ballast heaps at St. Joho, N.B. (Hay.)
6. CALTHA.
Page 23,
(55.) C. leptosepala, DC. Abundant along a brook beside a
snow-field, north of the railway, at the summit of the Selkirk Moun-
tains, B.C., 1885. (AMacoun.)
7. AQUILECIA.
Page 24.
(60.) A. formosa, Fisch. Quite common in woods around Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°, 1885. (Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, source
of Youcon River. (Schwatka.)
482 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(61.) A. brevistyla, Hook. Along the Saskatchewan between
the “Forks” and Fort 4 la Corne. (Otto Klotz.) Very common along
Bow River at Morley and westward to Kananaskis station, where it is
plentiful, 1885. (Macoun.)
(62.) A. VoLaaris, Linn. Completely naturalized along the rail-
way at Bedford, and by roadsides at Windsor and Annapolis, N.S.
(Macoun & Burgess.) Milkish, and Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Hay.)
Page 25.
(63.) A. flavescens, Watson. Abundant on the lower slopes of
the Rocky Mountains, from the Kananaskis westward to the summit
of the Selkirks in British Columbia, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) The remark
that this species might be A. cerulea should apply to A. chrysantha, to
which it has a close affinity.
9. TROLLIUS.
(64.) T. laxus, Salisb. Abundant on the higher summits of the
Rocky Mountains, but descending to 5000 feet at Kicking Horse Lake.
It ranges from Castle Mountain westward to the Selkirk summit along
rivulets and in boggy ravines. (Macoun.)
(0. DELPHINIUM.
(65.) D. Consonipa, Linn. Fields about Toronto. (J. Ades Fowler.)
(67.) D. Menziesii, DC. A form collected on the Cypress Hills
and Wood Mountain, and referred to D. azureum, belongs here. The
same form is abundant in meadows at Morley station, and a more
glabrous one which may be a distinct species on Castle Mountain, and
on the bed of a snow-slide at a small lake in the Rocky Mountains,
near Hector, and on the summit of the Selkirks. The specimens
collected at the three last mentioned places are rather pale flowered
and nearly smooth and have been doubtfully referred to D. variegatum.
The latter form is quite alpine in its habit. (Macoun.)
Page 26.
(68.) D. variegatum, Torr. & Gray. In the mountains near
Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
{2. TRAUTVETTERIA.
(72.) T. palmata, Fisch. & Mey. Var. occidentalis, Gray.
Damp woods, base of Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 483
14. CIMICIFUCA.
Page 27.
(75.) ©. racemosa, Nutt. Vicinity of Galt, Ont. (George Pres-
cott.) On Squaw Island, Niagara River. (David F. Day.)
{5. HYDRASTIS.
(76.) H. Canadensis, Linn. Cayuga Island, Niagara River,
(David F. Day.)
21. BERBERIS.
Page 29.
(82.) B. vunaaris, Linn. Abundant on Clarke’s and other islands
in the Niagara River. (Burgess.) Cooksville, Ont. (.7. Ades Fowler.)
(83.) B. repens, Lindl. Rathercommon on dry slopes at Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)
(84.) B. Aquifolium, Pursh. In woods along Shuswap Lake,
BC. (Ogilvie.)
22. CAULOPHYLLUM.
Page 30.
(86.) C. thalictroides, Michx. Rich intervales of Upper St.
Francis, and Eel rivers ; also, Andover, N.B. (Hay.) Aroostook
Junction on rich flats, N.B. (Wetmore.) Ina butternut grove near
Woodstock, N.B. ( Vroom.)
23. JEFFERSONIA.
(87.) J. diphylla, Persoon. Reported as collected near Niagara
Falls. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Galt, Ont., rare. Quite common
at Wingham, in Huron Co., Ont. (George Prescott.)
27. BRASENIA.
Page 31.
(91.) B. peltata, Pursh. Big Liscomb Lake, Guysboro’ Co., N.S.
(#. R. Faribault.)
12
484 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
238. NELUMBIUM.
(92.) N. luteum, Willd. Near Burnham’s Island, in Grand River,
a few miles from Dunnville, Ont. (J. F. Cowell.) Mr. Day, of Buffalo,
believes that this is authentic and I agree with him as my own infor-
mation points to the same conclusion.
29. NYMPHAEA.
Page 32.
(94.) N. odorata, Ait. var. minor, Sims. In profusion in small
lakelets, both east and west of Sudbury Junction, northern Ontario.
(Mrs. Girdwood.) Near Port Cockburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.) Moon River at the outlet of Lake Muskoka, near Pat.
Carling’s. (David F. Day.) All our Nympheas and Nuphars need
careful examination as there are numerous intermediate forms that
require revision.
30. NUPHAR.
(95.) N. advena, Ait. In ponds at Salt Lake, Anticosti, 1883.
Common in marshes at the mouth of Beaver Creek, Columbia Valley,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(96.) N. polysepalum, Engelm. In ponds, Vancouver Island,
near Victoria, B.C. (letcher.)
(97.) N. luteum, Smith. Specimens referred to this species were
gathered in Black Brook, near Albert Bridge, between South Sydney
and Louisburg, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) In profusion in a
small lakelet on Punk Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)
32. PAPAVER.
Page 3.
(100.) P. somntrervu, Linn, Common, West Toronto. (J. Ades
Fowler.)
Page 34.
(101.) P. Ru#as, Linn. On waste heaps, North Sydney, Cape
Breton. Also along the Canadian Pacific Railway at Silver City in
the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 485
(102.) P. nudicaule, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Ashe’s Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Nothingham, Digges and
Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. Apparently abundant. (RK. Beil.)
36. ADLUMIA.
Page 35.
(106.) A. cirrhosa, Raf. Thin woods near Port Colborne, Ont.,
1882. (David F. Day.)
37. DICENTRA.
Page 36.
(109.) D. formosa, DC. Common in shady woods, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.) In woods near Port Moody, B.C. (#ill.)
38. CORYDALIS.
Page 37.
(112.) C. flavula, DC. Point Abino, Lake Erie, 1882. (David
F. Day.)
39. FUMARIA.
(2100.) F. PARvIFLoRA, Linn. On waste heaps at Bedford, and
Pictou, N.S., and North Sydney, Cape Breton, (Macoun.)
40. NASTURTIUM.
(115.) N. palustre, DC. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N\S., and
at North Sydney, Cape Breton. Apparently introduced. (Macoun.)
Var. hispidum, Fisch. & Meyer. In mud along Moose Moun-
tain Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
Page 38. |
(117.) N. trachycarpum, Gray. Flathead River, Rocky Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.)
(118.) N. curvisiliqua, Nutt. Common in low ground, Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (fletcher.)
Page 39.
(119.) N. lacustre, Gray. In the Niagara River. (David F. Day.)
(120.) N. Armoracta, Fries. Many waste places about Toronto.
(J. Ades Fowler.)
486 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
42. CARDAMINE.
Page 40.
(125.) C. rotundifolia, Michx. The specimens referred to this
species should be included in C. rhemboidea and var. purpurea placed
under it as a variety of that species. The mistake was made by mis-
understanding Torrey & Gray, when describing these forms. In the
above we follow Gray’s Manual, but we believe our var. purpurea will
yet constitute a good species.
Page 41.
(129.) C. pratensis, Linn. Along Becscie River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Cape Chudleigh, Ashe’s Bay, Upper Savage Islands and
Digge’s Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) In bogs, Lake Mistassini.
(J. M. Macoun.) All the arctic specimens have purple flowers.
(130.) C. hirsuta, Linn. var. sylvatica, Gray. On the slopes of
Cathedral Mountain at Hector, Rocky Mountains, and at the Selkirk
summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.) This
form approaches very closely to C. oligosperma, in the shape of its
leaves.
43. ARABIS.
Page 42.
(133.) A. petrzea, Lam. On cliffs of Minister's Face, N. B.
(Wetmore.) Abundant on gravel bars at the mouth of Jupiter River,
Anticosti, 1883. On sand at the mouth of the Kananaskis, also abun-
dant and very fine at Kananaskis station in the Bow River valley,
Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.)
Var. ambigua, Regel. On sand along Six Mile Creek, and on
Bear Creek, within the Selkirk Mountains, B. C., 1885. (Macoun.)
Iltasyouco River, B.C. (Dawson.) Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon River. (Schwatka.) Keneshow Island and Chilcat Harbor,
Alaska. (Meehan.)
(136.).A. Holbeoellii, Hornem. Trap rock at the mouth of the
Blackwater River, Lake Nipigon, 1884. (Macoun.)
Page 43.
(138.) A. Drummondii, Gray. Steep bank, head of Ellis Bay,
Anticosti, 1883. (Macoun.) Sand dunes at Point Abino, Lake Erie.
(David F. Day.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 487
(139.) A. Lyallii, Watson. At the head of Maple Creek in the
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. Md. Macoun.) Abundant above the limit
of trees from Silver City, westward in the Rocky Mountains to the
summit of the Selkirks. B.C., 1885. (ddacoun.)
(2101.) A. canescens, Nutt. Var. latifolia, Watson. On the
summit of Canmore Mountain, Rocky Mountains, 1885. (dacoun.)
(140.) A. perfoliata, Lam. In grassy places at Kananaskis
station, Rocky Mountains. (Alacoun.) In open grassy places at Vic-
toria, B.C. (Fletcher.) Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
Page 44,
(143.) A. alpina, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (CR. Bell.) Keneshow Island, Alaska. (Meehan)
45. ERYSIMUM.
Page 45.
(146.) E. cheiranthoides, Linn. Campbellton, N. B. (Chal-
mers.) Beauport, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Keneshow Island, Alaska.
(Meehan.)
(148.) E. parviflorum, Nutt. Gravelly soil, near Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.) Common on dry gravelly places, from Morley west-
ward up the Bow River valley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Near Fort Selkirk on the Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’.
(Schwatka.) Spence’s Bridge and Kamloops, B.C. (Fietcher.)
46. SISYMBRIUM.
Page 46.
(151.) S. linifolium, Nutt. Dry slopes, Kamloops, B.C. (Filet-
cher.)
Page 47.
(157.) S humile, C. A. Meyer. Very common on sand at the
mouth of the Kicking Horse River, between the railway and the river
at Golden City, Columbia valley. (Macoun.)
(2102.) S. Thaliana, Gand. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ont. Abun-
dant and, I think, indigenous. (David F. Day.)
488 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
571. DIPLOTAXIS, DC.
(2103.) D. muratis, DC. ‘On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S., and on
ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton, 1883. (Macoun.) On ballast at
Richibucto and St. John, N.B. (Fowler & Hay.)
(2104.) D. renurrot1a, DC. On ballast heaps and along wharfs
at Pictou, N.S., and on ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton, 1883.
(Macoun.) On ballast at Richibucto and St. John, N.B. (Fowler &
Hay.)
47. BRASSICA.
Page 48.
(161.) B. nigra, Koch. Very abundant along Lake Erie at Port
Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.)
5i. DRABA.
4
Page 49.
(169.) D. alpina, Linn. In fine fruit and flower from Cape
Chudleigh, Upper Savage Islands, Digges, Nottingham and Mans-
field Islands, Hudson Strait, 1884. (&. Bell.) On the summits of the
higher Rocky Mountains from Canmore to Hector, Lat. 51°, 1885.
(Macoun.)
Var. glacialis, Dickie. Digge’s and Mansfield Islands, Hudson
Strait. (A. Bell.) Abundant on the lower slopes of the mountains
at Kananaskis, and westward to Mount Stephen, Lat.51° (Macoun.)
Page 50.
(170.) D. stellata, Jacq. var. nivalis, Regel. Cape Chudleigh,
and Cape Prince of Wales; Upper Savage Islands and Nottingham
Island, Hodson Strait. (R. Bell.) Not rare on the summits of the
Rocky Mountains from Canmore to Hector. (Macoun.)
Var. Johannis, Regel. Abundant on mountain summits from
Kananaskis westward in the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass and Crow Nest
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 51.
(172.) D rupestris, R. Br. Cape Chudleigh, and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (CR. Bell.)
(173.) D. androsacea, Wahl. Cape Chudleigh, Upper Savage
Islands, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (#. Beil.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 489
(174.) D. crassifolia, Graham. Abundant on the sides of ravines,
and grassy slopes above the limit of trees on Cathedral, Castle and
other mountains in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(2105.) D. stenoloba, Ledeb.
D. nemorosa, var. lutea, Watson, King’s Rep. V., 22.
In crevices of rocks on the higher slopes of the mountain, south of
Hector, Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.) Flathead River, B.C.,
1883. (Dawson.)
a7. D. incana, Linn. Abundant along the coast of Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Near Bathurst, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Red Rock, Lake
Superior. Rather common in damp ravines in both the Rocky and
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (dMacoun.)
Var. confusa, Poir. Digge’s Island, Hudson Strait, and at Nach-
vak, coast of Labrador. (&. Bell.) On South-west Point, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Watcheeshoo, below Mingan Islands, St. Lawrence River.
(St. Cyr.) Abundant on gravel at Morley, and common westward to
the summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 52.
(176.) D. arabisans, Michx. In profusion at the west end of
Anticosti. Hast coast of Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.)
(177.) D. aurea, Vahl. Very abundant in the foot-bills of the
Rocky Mountains, at Morley and westward to Hector up the Bow
River valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the gravelly slopes of the foot-
hills, Kananaskis River. (Dawson.)
(178.) D. nemorosa, Linn. Var. §. hebecarpa, Lindl.
Cypress Hills, at the head waters of the White Mud River, 1884.
(J. M. Macoun.) Rather common in rich soil at Morley, Bow River.
(Macoun.)
52. COCHLEARIA.
Page 53.
(182.) C. officinalis, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Digges and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Straits. (A. Bell.) Idaho
Inlet in Cross Sound, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(183.) ©. anglica, Linn. Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(185.) C. tridactylites, Banks. Abundant on small rocky
islands east of Becscie River, Anticosti. (JMacoun.) Seashore, Cari-
bou, Labrador. (Butler.)
490 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
54. VESICARIA.
Page 54.
(187.) V. Ludoviciana, DC. Abundant around Old Wives’
Lakes and in Cypress Hills, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.)
(188.) V. arctica, Richards. Very common in the valley of
Jupiter River, near the sea, Anticosti. (dMacoun.)
55. PHYSARIA.
(190.) P. didymocarpa, Gray. Very fine on the gravelly banks
of the Bow River at Morley mission; also on gravel slopes of the
Rocky Mountains at Kananaskis station. (Macoun.)
57. BRAYA.
(192.) B. alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe. Var. glabella, Watson’s
Index. Nottingham Island, western end of Hudson Strait. (CR. Bell.)
e
58. EUTREMA.
Page 55.
(195.) E. Edwardsii, R. Br. Cape Prince of Wales, Upper
Savage Islands, Digges and Nottingham Islands and Eskimo village,
of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Beil.)
62. SMELOWSKIA.
Page 56.
(201.) S. calycina, C. A. Meyer. In profusion, on the summit
of the mountain north of Canmore station, Rocky Mountains, 1885.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.)
63. LEPIDIUM.
Page 57.
(203.) Ls RUDERALE, Linn. Abundant on ballast heaps at Pictou,
N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)
(204.) L. campestre, Linn. On the wharf at Sydney, Cape Breton,
1883. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 491
(205.) L. Menziesii, DC. Better specimens of this form collected
by Mr. Fletcher show that it is not Menziesii. Sereno Watson names
it L. Virginicum.
(206.) L. intermedium, Gray. Common along roadsides and
railway tracks, London, Ont. The reference to D. Virginicum, No. 207,
belongs here. (Burgess.)
64. SENEBIERA.
(209.) S. Cornonopus, Poir. A few specimens on ballast at Pictou,
N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)
Page 58.
(210.) S. pripyma, Pers. On ballast at Pictou, and in the streets of
Halifax, N.S. ; also on ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)
In the streets of Nanaimo, B.C. (Fletcher.)
68. THYSANOCARPUS.
Page 59. ‘
(2106.) T. pusillus, Hook.
T. oblongifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 118.
On exposed open places at Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1876. (Daw-
son.) Mount Finlayson, near Victoria. (Fletcher.)
572. NESLIA, Linn.
(2107.) N. panicutata, Linn. Vicinity of Winnipeg, Man. (Bour-
geau.) On the railway embankments and cuttings from Silver City,
in the Rocky Mountains, to Golden City, in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.) Ottawa, rare. (Fletcher.)
70. POLANSIA.
(218.) P. graveolens, Raf. At and above Fort Hrie on the lake
shore, Ont. (David F. Day.) Abundant in sand at Port Colborne,
Ont. (Macoun.) At Pelee Point, Lake Erie, and Point Edward, Lake
Huron ; also at Medicine Hat, N.W.T. (7 WM. Macoun.)
71. HELIANTHEMUM.
Page 60.
(219.) H. Canadense, Michx. In open sandy woods at King-
ston, N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)
13
492 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
72. HUDSONIA.
(221.) H: ericoides, Linn. Abundant on rather dry rocks
beyond the North-west Arm, Halifax, and very abundant in sand
around Kingston, on the Annapolis railway, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.)
73. LECHEA
(222.) L. major, Michx. Sandy soil at Windsor, Ont. (J. ©.
Macoun.)
74. IONIDIUM.
Page 61.
(225.) I. concolor, Benth. & Hook. Foster's Flats below the’
Whirpool, Niagara River, Ont., also on Goat Island above the falls.
(David F. Day.)
75. VIOLA.
(227.) V. lanceolata, Linn. In boggy spots, Point Pleasant,
and at the head of the North-west Arm, Halifax, N. S. (Macoun &
Burgess.) Gondola Point and Grand Lake, Milkish, and Lake Utopia,
N.B. (Hay, Jack & Wetmore.)
Page 62.
(230.) V. renifolia, Gray. This species is common on Anticosti,
also in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and extends through Quebec
and Ontario.
(234.) V. Selkirkii, Pursh. Eel River, Woodstock and Frederic-
ton, N.B. (W. T. L. Reed.) Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspé.
(Porter.) Vicinity of Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Near Chelsea, Ottawa Co.
Q. (J. M. Macoun.) Near King’s Mountain, and in McKay’s woods,
Ottawa. (Fletcher.) In the valley of Beaver Creek, at Six Mile
Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.)
Page 63.
(236.) V. sagittata, Ait. Abundant in damp woods, Point Plea-
sant, near Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Specimens, which may
be a form of this species, have been collected at St. Stephen, N.B.,
by Mr. Vroom.
(237.) WV. pedata, Linn. The localities mentioned under this
species, before the names of Macoun and Dawson, refer to V. delphinifolia,
Norfolk Co., Lake Erie, Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 493
(2108). V. delphinifolia, Nutt. All Manitoba specimens we have
seen are of this species and doubtless those of Sir John Richardson are
the same. In which case this may: be considered the western species
and V. pedata the eastern form.
Page 64.
(240). V. canina, L. Var. rupestris, Regel. Under this name
we place the hairy form found growing on sand or amongst dry rocks.
Abundant at Chalk River on the Ottawa and at North Bay, Lake Nipis-
sing ; also in sandy woods, Hudson Bay House, Red Rock, Lake Su-
perior. (Macoun.)
Var. longipes, Nutt. This form was placed with Var. adunca but
recent examination shows them to be quite distinct. While this form
is found almost exclusively east of the Rocky Mountains, the other is
confined to the west of them. Moose Mountain and the whole Souris
plain, also at Moose Jaw and westward. (J. M. Macoun.) South of
Battleford and westward by the Bow River Pass through the Rocky
Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Cedar Hill and other localities, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher).
(244.) V. glabella, Nutt. Near a snow-field, on the summit of
the mountain on the north side of the railway at the summit of the
Selkirks, Lat. 51°. Many plants were in flower and others only in
bud, August 20th, 1885. (Macoun.) Mount Sune near Victoria,
B.C. April 27, 1885. ( Fletcher.)
Page 65.
(245.) V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Western summit of North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On beds of snow-slides,
Kicking Horse Lake, and on the Selkirk Mountains at the summit,
B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.) Very
abundant along the Goldstream at the base of Mount Finlayson, near
Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(246.) V. Nuttallii, Pursh. This form is frequent in Manitoba
and westward. Common at Brandon. (Macoun.) Moose Mountain
and westward to the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J MZ. Macoun.) Sum-
mit of plateau north of Milk River, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
Var. linguzefolia, Nutt. We placed this as a synonym under
var. preemorsa, but are now satisfied that it is distinct and is the Rocky
Mountain form of the species. Rocky and partly shaded hillsides,
western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883.
(Dawson.)
We are still in doubt about the violet referred to in the note (Part
1), but it is in all pr obability a form of V. glabella,
494 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(247.) V. TRIcoLoR, Linn. var. ARVENsIS, Ging. On waste lots,
Cooksville, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)
76. POLYCALA.
Page 66.
(249.) P. sanguinea, Linn. Sandy soil, near Windsor, Ont.,
1884. (J. M. Macoun.)
(250.) P. verticillata, Linn. MRoadsides near Drummondville
and abundant at Port Colborne, Lake Erie, 1885. (Macoun.)
(251.) P. Senega, Linn. In low meadows, from Morley west-
ward in the Bow River valley to Canmore, Rocky Mountains, 1885.
(Macoun.)
(253.) P. pauciflora, Willd. Several stations in Charlotte
County, N. B. (Vroom.) In woods at Jupiter River, Anticosti.
(Macoun & St. Cyr.) Abundant at Chalk River, Ottawa valley, and
on sandy slopes near Chelsea, Q. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
77. SILENE,.
Page 67. i
(255.) S. inFLATA, Smith, Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ont. (J. Ades
Fowler.)
(257.) S. Scouleri, Hook. Collected in southern British Colum-
bia, prior to 1872. (Cowley.)
Page 68.
(262.) S. Menziesii, Hook. Crow Nest Lake, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)
(263.) $. acaulis, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Upper Savage Islands, Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, also
at the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Mingan,
Q. (St. Cyr.) Abundant on summits from Castle Mountain westward
through the Rocky Mountains, and on the Solkirk summit in pro-
fusion. (Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains (Dawson.)
(2109.) S. multicaule, Nutt. Dr. G. M. Dawson’s specimens
collected in 1881, and referred by me to L. elata, No. 265, belong here.
Numerous specimens gathered on many of the higher summits of the
Rocky Mountains, along the Bow River valley, Lat. 51°, 1885, are
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 495
referred to this species by Mr. Watson, but I cannot think they are
identical as our specimens do not agree with Nuttall’s description, as
given on page 192. (Torr. & Gray.) At page 675, these authors refer
S. multicaule to S. Drummondii, “as a less pubescent and glandular
variety.” Silene Drummondii is now Lychnis Drummondii, and I confess
my examinations place our form with the latter genus. (Macoun.)
(2110.) S. Nocturna, Linn. Observed growing at Fort Erie, Ont.,
in 1881. Not since detected. (David F. Day.)
(2111.) S. Gaxuica, Linn. Abundant at Cedar Hill, near Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.)
78. LYCHNIS.
(264). L. apetala, Linn. Common on the islands and shores of
Hudson Strait from Cape Chudleigh to Digge’s Island. (R. Bell.) On
the higher summits of the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°,
altitude 8000 feet. (Macoun.)
(2112). L. montana, Watson. (?).
L. apetala, Watson, King’s Rep. V. 26.
This species is doubtful. The specimens collected had erect flowers
and slightly exserted petais. Better specimens are needed. Gathered
on the summit of Canmore Mountain, June 29th, 1885. Lat. 51°.
(Macoun).
Page ®.
(266). L. alpina, Linn. Nachvak coast of Labrador, 1884. (R.
Bell.) Little Whale River, Hudson Bay. (G. Barnston.)
Page 70.
(272). L. affinis, Vahl. Fine specimens procured at Fort Churchill,
Hudson Bay 1884. (R. Beil.)
80. SAPONARIA.
(246). S. Vaccarsa, Linn. Introduced already along the whole
line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Winnipeg to the Columbia,
bia, 1885. (Macoun.) Also along the railway in British Columbia.
(Fletcher)
496 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
81. ARENARIA.
(277). A. capillaris, Poir. Var. nardifolia, Regel. Western
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson) On
the summits of all mountains above 7,000 feet in Rocky and Selkirk
Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 71.
(280). A. biflora, Wahl. Var. obtusa, Watson. On the summits
of all the Rocky Mountains over 7,500 feet in height from Canmore
westward. Lat.51°. (Macoun.) Hastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(281). A. verna, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) On the slopes of the Crow Nest Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on the summits and higher wooded
slopes of all the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains along the Canadian
Pacific Railway. (Macoun.)
Var. hirta, Watson. This variety grows at a much lower alti-
tude than the type and is very abundant along the Canadian Pacific
railway from Calgary westward through the Bow River valley.
(Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) On dry rocks near Victoria, B.C. (letcher.)
Page 72.
Var. rubella, Hook. In sand along the shore of Nottingham
Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
(283.) A. pungens, Nutt. Eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(284.) A. Michauxii, Hook. Mingan Islands, Gulf of St. Law-
rence. (St. Cyr.) Between Lakes St. Clair and Huron. (Douglas.)
The A. juniperina of Torr. & Gray grows in abundance on the sands of
Pelee Point, Lake Hrie, and is undoubtedly a form of this species. In
profusion on Poplar Point, Lake Nipigon, Ont. Abundant on rocks at
Kananaskis station, and at Canmore and Castle Mountains, Bow River
valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 73.
(287.) A. Croenlandica, Spreng. Nain, and Ford’s Harbor,
coast of Labrador. (A. Bell.) On rocks, North-west Arm, Halifax,
N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Collected on the summits of many low
hills at Baie des Roches, Labrador. (W. E. Stearns.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 497
(288.) A. sERPYLLIFoLIA, Linn. Esquimalt, near Victoria, B.C.
( Fletcher.)
(289). A. lateriflora, Linn. Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat.
62° 45’. CSchwatka.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(291). A. peploides, L. Var. oblongifolia, Watson. Between.
Cape Lazo and Shelter Point, Vancouver Island, B.C. (Dawson.)
Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(292). A. physodes, DC. Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62°
45’. (Schwatka.)
82. STELLARIA.
Page 74.
(2113.) S. graminea, L. Abundant at Truro, Halifax, Windsor
and Annapolis, N.S, 1883. (Macoun & Burgess.) Island of Orleans,
near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Miss I. L. Grant.)
There is no doubt but that much of the S. longifolia of Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Quebec is this species and collectors should try
to separate them. The present species is a larger and coarser plant
than S. longifolia, has rough seeds and ciliate scales. It is certainly a
native. .
(296). S. calycantha, Bongard. On the higher slopes of the
Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake. (Macoun.)
Page 75.
(297.) $. uliginosa, Marr. Common in small rills, Point Pleasant
Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Blenkinsop Bay, B.C. (Dawson.)
(298.) S. crassifolia, Ehrh. Rather common in damp localities
along the Labrador coast. (W.-H. Stearns.) Watcheeshoo River,
Labrador coast. (St. Cyr.) Abundant at South-west Point and
Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) River St. Lawrence at Cacouna.
(Burgess.) Shediac, N.B. (Brittain.) Charlo, N.B. (fletcher.)
(300.) S. longipes, Goldie. Var. minor, Hook. Nain, coast
of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson
Strait. (&. Bell.) Very common on the prairie and in the foot-hills
and extending up the Bow River valley to Laggan in the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.)
Page 76.
Var. (lzeta,) Torr. & Gray. Digges and Nottingham Islands, also
the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) On the sum-
498 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
mits of the higher mountains, both in the Rocky and Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Var. Edwardsii, Torr. & Gray. Digges, Nottingham and Mans-
field Islands, Hudson Strait. (#. Bell.) Coast of Labrador. (Miss
Macfarline.)
(303.) S. crispa, Cham. & Schlecht. Western summit of the
South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On gravel and
amongst grass in ravines from Castle Mountain westward to the Sel-
kirk summit, Lat.$1° (Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(305.) S. humifusa, Rottb Nain, on the Labrador coast; also
Digges Island and at the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. .
(R. Bell.) Common along the coast, mouth of Becscie River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Wet boggy places, shore of Lake Mistassini. (J. M.
Macoun.) Shediac, N. B. ( Brittain.)
83. CERASTIUM.
Page 77.
(307.) ©. voteatum, Linn. Vicinity of Victoria, B. C. (#letcher.)
Page 78.
(311.) C. alpinum, Linn. Ford's Harbor near Nain, coast of
Labrador, Upper Savage Islands, Cape Chudleigh, Digges and Notting-
ham Islands, Hudson Strait. (#&. Bell.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska.
(Meehan.)
Var. Behringianum, Regel, On the summits of all the Rocky
Mountains westward from the Kananaskis to the Cdlumbia, also on
the mountains at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Hastern
summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Var. Fischerianum, Torr. & Gray. Ashe’s Bay, Upper Savage
Islan ':, Cape Prince of Wales and Digges, Nottingham and the Sleeper
Islands, Hudson Strait; also at Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (2. Beil.)
Var. glabratum, Hook. A few specimens from the Upper peaee
Islands, north of Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
(313.) C. trigynum, Vill. Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) On Mount Albert and Table Top Mountain, Gaspé. (Porter.)
°
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 499
84. SACINA.
Page 79.
(314.) S. procumbens, Linn. Wet grassy places North-west
Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Carleton, N.B. (Hay.)
Welsh Pool, Campobello, N.B. ( Vroom.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.)
(315.) S. occidentalis, Watson. Malaspina Inlet, B.C. (Daw-
son.) In wet places near Esquimalt, Vancouver Island. (letcher.)
Sitka. (Meehan.)
(316.) S. Linnzei, Pres]. Summit of the South Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) On the summits of all the
higher mountains in the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(318.) S. nodosa, Meyer. Eel River, Restigouche Co., N. B.
(Chalmers.) South-west Point, Jupiter River and West Point, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Mingan Islands and Labrador coast. (St. Cyr.) East shore
of Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M.
Macoun.)
86. SPERCULA.
Page 80.
(322.) §. arvensis, Linn. On railway embankments at Silver
City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Waste places around Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
87. PARONYCHIA.
Page 81.
This and the three following genera are now included in the order
Illecebracew, and placed as the first order of the Apetale, by Benthem
and Hooker, in the Genera Plantarum, published in 1880.
89. SCLERANTHUS.
(325.) S. annuus, Linn. Port Credit, Lake Ontario. (J. Ades
Fowler.)
92. CLAYTONIA.
Page 82.
(329.) C. parviflora, Moquin. On gravel in brooks along Beaver
and Bear creeks, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
14
500 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(331.) C. Caroliniana, Michx. Abundant in the western coun-
ties of New Brunswick. (Vroom.) Sheldon’s Point, St. John, N. B.
(Chalmers.)
Var. sessilifolia, Torr. Eastern summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On the summits of the higher
Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake and on the summits of the
Selkirk Range, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2114.) ©. megarrhiza, Parry.
S. arctica. var. (?) megarrhiza, Watson. King’s Rep. V., 43.
On the summits of Canmore and Castle Mountains, Bow River valley,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 83.
(337.) ©. sarmentosa, Meyer. Fort Wrangel, Sitka. (Meehan.)
93. CALANDRINA.
(338.) @, Menziesii, Hook. Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
94. MONTIA.
Page 84.
(340.) M. fontana, Linn. In a meadow a little above the first
fishing stage after crossing the North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S.
(Macoun & Burgess.) Shediac, N.B. (Brittain.) Near Fort Selkirk,
Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.) Muddy places near Victoria
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
97. HYPERICUM
(343.) H. pyramidatum, Ait. Along the Nation River at Cas-
selman, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
Page 85.
(349.) H. Canadense, Linn. var. major, Gray. Rare at Bass
River, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Toronto Island, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.)
Bank of stream, Parry Sound, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Black River,
Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)
(350.) H. Scouleri, Hook. On the upper slopes of Mount Daw-
son and Glacier Mountain, at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°, B.C.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 501
(Macoun.) Nimkish or Karmutsen Lake, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.) Abundant around
Victoria and up the Fraser valley, B.C. (Fletcher.)
99. MALVA.
Page 86.
(356.) M. crispa, Linn. Toronto. (J Ades Fowler.)
(357.) M. moscnata, Linn. Old pastures, Toronto. (J. Ades
Fowler.)
101. SIDALCEA.
Page 87.
(361.) S. malvzeflora, Gray, var. Oregana, Watson.
S. Oreganu, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. L., 234.
Besides the type or round leaved form, Mr. Fletcher collected fine
specimens of this variety near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885.
102. ABUTILON.
(362.) A, Avicenna, Gertn. Weston, Ont. (J Ades Fowler.)
10S. HIBISCUS.
(363.) H. moscheutos, Linn. On an island in Niagara River,
near Buffalo. (David F. Day.)
(364.) HH. Trronum, Linn. A rare garden weed, Kingston, Kent
Co., N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.)
104. SPHAERALCEA.
Page 88.
(365.) S. rivularis, Torr. On the banks of Elk River, Rocky
Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) Near Shuswap Lake, B.C. ( Hill.)
106. LINUM.
Page 89.
(2115.) L. carHarricum, Linn. On waste ground along the sea shore
at Pictou, N.S | (Macoun & Burgess.)
(369.) L. striatum, Walter. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.)
502 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
107. CERANIUM.
Page 90.
(375.) G. Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey. Abundant at Morley
and westward in the Bow River valley to “TheGap” in the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
(377.) G. incisum, Nutt.
G. Fremontii, Torrey. Macoun’s Cat., No. 325.
G. Hovkerianum, Walp. Macoun’s Cat., No. 326.
All references under G. Fremontii, in Part I, belong here. Flathead
River, Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Wood Mountain, N.W.T.,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.)
Page 91.
(382.) G. pustLituM, Linn. Parkdale, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)
Drew’s Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
(383.) G. Motiz, Linn. In a field at Parkdale, Ont. (J. Ades
Fooler.)
108. ERODIUM.
(384.) E. cicutarium, L’Her. On ballast heaps, Carleton, N.B.
(Hay.)
109. FLCERKIA.
(386.) F. proserpinacoides, Willd. Low grounds, in woods,
Ontario, opposite Buffalo. (David F. Day.)
573. LIMNANTHES.
(2116.) L. Douglasii, R. Br. On the margins of pools in the
vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. (Macoun.) In Part I.,
this is referred to No. 386.
110. IMPATIENS.
Page 92.
(387.) §. fulva, Nutt. Harisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 503
111. OXALIS.
(391.) O. corniculata, Linn. A careful examination of our
eastern forms shows that they are all referrable to var. stricta, although
some are quite smooth and others more or less hairy. We were there-
fore mistaken in placing the specimens from Nova Scotia under the type.
113. PTELEA.
Page 93.
(393.) P. trifoliata, Linn. A few specimens on the Lake Shore
above Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
115. (LEX.
Page 94.
Ilex opaca and I. glabra were both omitted in Part I., because
believed of doubtful occurrence; the latter is now placed in the cata-
logue on the evidence given below.
(2117.) 1. glabra, Gray.
Prinos glabra, Linn. Hook. FI. I, 121.
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) In aswamp near an old mill-pond be-
yond the head of the North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Bur-
gess.) At Shelburne, N.S. (Rev. J. Rosborourgh.)
117. CELASTRUS.
(397.) ©. scandens, Linn. Near the Lake of the Woods. (R.
Bell.) Stone Fort, Red River, Man. (J. M. Macoun.)
(19. PACHYSTIMA.
Page 95.
(400.) P. myrsinites, Rat. Flathead River, Rocky Mountains,
B.C. (Dawson.) On slopes of the hills at Donald in the Columbia
valley, and westward in the Selkirks, B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
120. CEANOTHUS.
Page 96.
(403.) C. velutinus, Dougl. On dry slopes of the hills, border-
ing the Wait-a-bitat Donald, Columbia valley, B.C., Lat.51°. (Macoun.)
504 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. leevigatus, Torr. & Gray. On slopes along the Flathead
River, Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
i2t. RHAMNUS.
(405.) R. alnifolia, L’Her. Flathead River, Rocky Mountains,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(406.) R. Purshiana, Gray’s Landing, near the mouth of the
Fraser, B.C., 1883. Cadboro’ Bay and Saanich, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)
i22. VITIS.
Page 97.
(408.) V. Labrusca, Linn. For this substitute V. estivalis, as
all the specimens from Point Pelee are of this species. Climbing high
over trees at Foster’s Flats below the Whirlpool, Niagara River, also in
thickets around Queenston Heights. (Macoun.)
(410.) V. riparia, Michx. All references in Part I, under No.
409, belong here. Up to the present we have no authentic record of
the occurrence of typical V. cordifolia in any part of Canada. The
Vitis found on the Island of Orleans is this species, and Dr. Burgess
writes that the vine found at Emerson, Man., isthe same. The one
seen by myself from the deck of a steamboat along the Assiniboine
must be it likewise. I allow V. cordifolia to stand as it is barely possible
it may yet be found along Lake Erie. V. ZLabrusca must be excluded.
(Macoun.)
125. ACER.
Page 99.
(418.) A. glabrum, Torrey. On mountain slopes from Ka-
nanaskis through the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. It
seldom attains an elevation of 6,000 feet, and is always a mere shrub
in damp ravines.
(26. NECUNDO.
Page 100.
(422.) N. aceroides, Mocnch. Within the last ten years this
tree has been extensively planted in Ontario and grows with great
rapidity, but is not very ornamental. There are number of fine trees
up the valley of the Don at Toronto. (Burgess.) Three trees in a
clump, between Cooksville and Port Credit, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 505
127. RHUS.
(424.) R. glabra, Linn. Not uncommon on rocks at Rat Portage,
Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.)
Var. occidentalis, Torrey. On dry slopes between Lytton
and Spence’s Bridge, along the Thompson River, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(426.) R. venenata, DC. Swamps near Hatchey, Ont. (Burgess.)
In a sphagnous swamp near Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.)
129. LUPINUS.
Page 102.
(433.) L. perennis, Linn. Near Queenston, Ont. (David F.
Day.)
(434.) L. areticus, Watson. Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon River. (Schwatka.)
Page 103.
(439.) L. argenteus, var. argophyllus, Watson. Foot-hills
west and south of Calgary, N.W.T. (J. Ml Macoun.)
(444.) L. Nootkatensis, Donn. Michel Creck, Rocky Moun-
tains, B.C., Lat. 50°. (Dawson.) Mount Finlayson near Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.) At Sumass Lake, Fraser River valley. (Bowman.)
Barlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(445.) L. polyphyllus, Lindl. Abundant around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
(2118.) L. lepidus, Dougl On Goldstream Road, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)
(32. TRIFOLIUM.
Page 105. :
(2119.) T. mepium, Linn. Roadside near the sea, Point Pleasant,
Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Beauport near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(454.) T. involucratum, Willd. Drew's Harbor, B.C, (Dawson.)
(455.) T. tridentatum, Lindl. Drew’s Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
506 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(2120.) T. furcatum, Lindl. Cedar Hill, near. Victoria, Van-
couver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)
(2121.) T. gracilentum, Torr. & Gray. Cedar Hill, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)
Page 106.
(457.) T. microcephalum, Pursh. Drew's Harbor, B.C.
(Dawson.) Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(458.) T. microdon, Hook. & Arn. Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. 1875. (Macoun & Meehan.)
(460.) T. acrarium, Linn. Sandy soil, High Park, Toronto, Ont.
(J. Ades Fowler.) Ottawa. ( Fletcher.)
(34. MEDICACQ.
Page 107.
(469.) M. sativa, Linn. Waste places at Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
136 HOSACKIA.
(473.) H. decumbens, Gray. On dry soil at Spence’s Bridge
on the Thompson River, B.C. (Fletcher.)
137 PSORALEA.
Page 108.
(479.) P. physodes, Dougl. Saanich Road and Quamichan,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
574. TRICONELLA, Linn.
(2122.) T. cornicunata, Linn. Ballast Heaps, Pictou, N.S.
(Macoun & Burgess.)
138. AMORPHA.
(480.) A. canescens, Nutt. Abundant in thickets amongst the
sand hills west of Pine Creek, Man., 1884. (Dfacoun.)
Page 109.
(482.) A. microphylla, Pursh. Rocky places, Dawson Road,
Man. (Burgess.) Oak Point, Man., 1872. (Macoun.) Stony Moun-
tain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.)
CATALOGUE .OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 507
139. PETALOSTEMON.
(484.) P. violaceus, Michx. Var. pubescens, Gray. Quite
common on gravelly slopes of couleés in the drier parts of the prairie
region. On gravel, west of Moose Mountain Creek, and at the Red Deer
Lakes and Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
575. TEPHROSIA, Pers. (HOARY PEA.)
(2123). T. Virginiana, Pers. Goat’s Rue.
Galega Virginiana, Linn. Michx. FI. IL, 67.
Abundant in sand along the Lake Erie shore, in the Ist and 2nd
concessions of Charlotteville. (Burgess.)
576. ORNITHOPUS, Linn.
(2124.) ©. scorporpes, DC. On ballast heaps, Pictou, N.S., 1883.
(Macoun.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)
For Glycyrhiza read Glycyrrhiza.
142. ASTRACALUS.
Page 110. ;
(488.) A. lentiginosus, Dougl. Neighborhood of Kamloops,
B.C. (Fletcher.)
(491.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Common on the islands in Nia-
gara River. (David F. Day.)
(492.) A. adsurgens, Pall. Common on gravel slopes at Morley
and up the Bow River valley to Canmore, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 111.
(493.) A. hypoglottis, Linn. In wet meadows at Morley and
westward in the Bow River valley to Canmore; not alpine. (Macoun.)
On the moantains at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)
(494.) A. Drummondii, Dougl. Fossil Coulée, Milk River
Ridge, N.W.T., 1883. (Dawson.)
15
508 ‘GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(496.) A. aboriginum, Richards. Comnion on gravel ridges
from Morley westward in the Bow River valley to Silver City.
(Macoun.)
(498.) A. oroboides, Hornem. Var. Americanus, Gray.
Abundant atMorley in the Bow River valley. (Macoun.)
Page 112.
“(499.) A. alpinus, Linn. Nainand Nachvak, coast of Labrador ;
Cape Chudleigh and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
Petitcodiac, N. B. (Brittain.) Tobique Village, N. B. (Dr. Bailey.)
Mouth of the Aroostook, N. B. (Vroom.) Island of Orleans, near
Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Near Campbellton, N. B., 1876. (Chalmers.)
Summits of the North and South Kootanie passes, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) On all the higher mountains and far down in the valleys
of the Rockies on both sides of Bow River valley, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(500.) A. lotiflorus, Hook. Quite common on the prairie at
Medicine Hat and at numerous points on the clay soil along the Cana-
dian Pacific east to Swift Current. (Macoun.)
(504.) A. Cooperi, Gray. Islands in Niagara River and at Nia-
_gara Falls. (David F. Day.)
13,
POT.) A. frigidus, Gray. Var. Americanus, Watson. Rocky
thickets along Gaspé Basin, Q. Abundant in wet thickets from Morley
westward through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia valley at
Donald, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Fossil Coulée, Milk River Ridge,
N.W.T. (Dawson.)
Var. littoralis, Watson. Whipsaw Creek, B.C. (Dawson.) This
is No. 524, Part I. /
Page 114.
(513.) A. multiflorus, Gray. Belly River and foot-hills of
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On sandy knolls in the Bow River
valley at the mouth of the Kananaskis and westward for a few miles
up the valley. (Macoun.)
(514.) A. Bourgovii, Gray. On the summit of a mountain at
Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(515.) A. Palliseri, Gray. On dry gravelly slopes at Canmore
and Silver City in the Rocky Mountains, also very abundant at Donald,
in the Columbia Valley. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.)
(2125.) A. campestris, Gray. On gravelly shores along Bow
River at Morley, and westward up the valley to Canmore, within the
Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 509
143. OXYTROPIS.
Page 115.
(525.) O. podocarpa, Gray. On the eastern summit of the
North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on
the Rocky Mountains above 7,000 feet, from Silver City to Kicking
Horse Lake. (Macoun.)
(526.) O. arctica, R. Br.
O. Uralensis, var. pumila, Ledeb. Part I., 115.
See Dr. Gray’s Revision of the Genus Oxytropis, Proced. Am. Acad.
A. &§&.,Vol. XX., page 4. Place the Nova Scotia reference to O. cam-
pestris here. The Rocky Mountain one goes under O. monticola. Digges
Island, Hudson Strait. (A. Bell.) West of Cape Bathurst, Arctic
Coast. (Capt. Pullen.)
Page 116.
(527.) O. campestris, L. Var. czerulea, Koch.
O. campestris, DC. Part I., page 116.
All western notices must be struck out and divided between O. Lam-
berti and O. monticola. The northern ones are likely the same, includ-
ing O. leucantha, for the arctic coast specimens. Dr. Gray says this
species is only found in uorthern Maine, Quebec and Labrador. Ford’s
Harbor and Nachvak, coast of Labrador; also at Cape Chudleigh, and
Cape Princeof Wales, Hudson Strait. (A. Bell.) Hillsides near Forteau
lighthouse, Labrador. (Butler.) Mouth of the Tobique River, and
Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Hay.)
(528.) ©. Lamberti, Pursh. All references to this species in
Part I. must be considered mixed with O. monticola. Common on the
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J 1 Macoun.) Western summit of North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) At Long Lake north-
west of Qu’Appelle, and abundant at Morley and westward up the
Bow River valley to Canmore and on the mountain tops to Kicking
Horse Lake. Common at Spence’s Bridge and along the Fraser, B.C.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Lake, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(530.) ©. nigrescens, Fisch. Cape Thompson on the American
side of Behrings Straits. (J. Muir, vide Gray.)
Var. arctobia, Gray.
O. arctica var. minor, Hook. FI. I. 146.
Arctic sea-coast, collected by Capt. Parry and most later explorers.
(Gray.)
510 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(531.5 O. splendens, Doug]. From Morley to Canmore, in the
Bow River valley. Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 117.
(532.) O. deflexa, DC. Both at low and high altitudes from
Morley to Canmore, Bow River valley. Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(2126.) O. viscida, Nutt.
O. campestris, var. viscida, Watson, Part I., 116.
Very fine and abundant along the Bow River from the Blackfoot
Crossing, westward up the valley and through the Rocky Mountains
to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(2127.) O. leucantha, Pers.
O. borealis, DC., Hook. Fl. I., 145, belongs here rather than to 0. cam-
pestris, as in Part I., 116.
Cape Thompson, arctic sea-coast. (J. Muir.) Port Burwell, Cape
Chudleigh ; also, Cape Prince of Wales and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (#. Bell.) Specimens very distinct; stipules
chestnut colored and conspicuous.
(2128.) O. monticola, Gray.
O. Lamberti, Pursh, Part I., 116, in part.
O. campestris, DC., Part I., 116, in part.
Souris Plain, around Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
Rat Creek, Manitoba, and westward across the prairie; much more
common than O. Lamberti, and distinguished from it by its lax flowered
spikes, less downy leaves and darker haired calyx. It extends from
Morley to the ‘“‘ Gap,” in the Bow River valley. It is the true prairie
form.: (Macoun.)
(2129.) O. Mertensiana, Turcz. Cape Lisburne, arctic coast
of Alaska. (Gray.)
144. HEDYSARUM.
Page 117.
(533.) H. boreale, Nutt. Abundant on the upper St. John, rarer
on the Tobique, Kel and other tributaries, Edmundston, N.B. (Hay.)
Island of Anticosti. (St. Cyr.) Rather common at Morley and west-
ward to Canmore in the Bow River valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Var. albiflorum, Macoun. This fine plant is closely related to
H, boreale, but is certainly distinct. All three forms grow together in
the Bow River valley, but the habit of each is quite distinct from the
other. This form is peculiar to the foot-hills and drier mountain
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 511
slopes, and is abundant from the Kananaskis through the Rocky
Mountains to the Columbia valley at Donald, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)
(534.) H. Mackenzii, Richards. The H. canescens, Nutt., seems
to be a form which may be fairly separated from the species on
account of its habit and general appearance. Rather common on dry
gravelly ridges from Moose Mountain to Old Wives Lakes, and north-
westward to the Red Deer Lakes, and very likely common on gravel
throughout the driest part of the prairie region. (Macoun.) North
Branch of North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
577. ONOBRYCHIS, Czertn.
(2130.) O. sativa, Lam. Introduced at Point Abino, near Fort
Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
146. LESPEDEZA.
Page 119.
(546.) L. reticulata, Pers. Cooksville, Ont. (J Ades Fowler.)
Page 120.
(548.) L. capitata, Michx. Dry field borders, Windsor, Ont.
(J. M. Macoun.)
147. VICIA.
(549.) V. sativa, L. var. ancustiFoLia, Seringe. Occasionally found
in fields or on roadsides, Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) New
Mills, and Tobique, N.B. (Hay.) Quebec, near tke skating rink.
(St. Cyr.) Along the Intercolonial railway at Pictou, N.S., and on
waste heaps at Ottawa, Ont. (Macoun.)
(550.) V. TETRASPERMA, Loisel. Petitcodiac and Moncton, N. B.
(Brittain.) Waste or open places around Pictou, N.S. (MeKay.) In
the vicinity of Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(551.) VW. uirsuta, Koch. Grand Island, Mingan, River St. Law-
rence. (St. Cyr.) Rather rare at Cadboro’ Bay, Vancouver Island,
(Fletcher.)
512 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(553.) V. Caroliniana, Walter. A more than usually pubescent
form, growing in dry sandy woodlands, near Mount Pleasant, Brant Co.
Ont. (Burgess.)
Page 121. »
(554.) V. Americana, Muh]. Common on the Nipigon River,
north of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Rupert House, James Bay.
(J. M. Macoun.)
Var. linearis, Watson. Very common along the Canadian Pacific
railway at Morley and westward up the Bow River valley, on gravel,
to Silver City, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(555.) V. gigantea, Hook. At Sooke and Cadboro’ Bay, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
(2131.) V. ? Apparently an introduction at Chinaman’s
Ranche, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Fletcher.)
148. LATHYRUS.
(2132.) L. Apsaca, Linn. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.)
150. PHASEOLUS.
Page 122.
(562.) P. diversifolius, Pers. Found at Fort Erie, Ont., Sept.
1883, but rare. (David F. Day.) Rather common on the sand beach
at Rondeau, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
152. BAPTISIA.
Page 123.
(564.) B. tinctoria, R. Br. Rather rare in sandy thickets at
Windsor, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
153. CYMNOCLADUS,
(566.) G. Canadensis, Lam. Reported on excellent authority
as abundant at Point Penetanguishine, Ont. (David F. Day.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 513
155. PRUNUS.
Page 125.
(572.) P. emarginata, Walp. Var. mollis, Brewer. Not
uncommon at Victoria, Vancouver Island, becoming a fine tree some-
times fifty feet high with adiameter of twelve inches. 'si-tsutl
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
Page 126.
(575.) P. serotina, Ebrh. One specimen noted on north side of
the St. Lawrence at Lorette, very common on the south side. (St. Cyr.)
Note.
Prunus domestica, Linn. Grows well on the Island of Orleans and
on the shore at Beauport. (St. Cyr.)
157. SPIRAEA.
(579.) S. betulifolia, Pall. var. rosea, Gray. On the slopes of
Mount Dawson, summit of the Selkirks, on the Canadian Pacific rail.
way. (Macoun.)
Page 127.
(580.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Abunndant in thickets, in the neigh-
borhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(582.) S. Aruncus, Linn. Very common in the valley of Beaver
Creek and in all the stream valleys of the Selkirk Range, B.C.
(Macoun.) On wet clay banks at Port Moody, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Harrisburg, Alaska, (Meehan.) ;
(583.) S. pectinata, Torr. & Gray. Very abundant on the beds of
snow-slides on all the mountains near the summit of the Selkirk Range,
B.C. (Macoun.) York Mountain, near Sumass, in the valley of the
Fraser, B.C. (A. Bowman.)
158. NEILLIA.
Page 128.
(584.) N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. Var. mollis, Brew. &
Watson. .In the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.) Lake Karmutzen,
Vancouver Island. (Dawson.) .
514 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
159. CILLENIA.
Page 128.
(585.) C. trifoliata, Mcench. On rather moist sandy soil at the
edge of pine and chestnut woods, Brantford Township, Brant Co.,
Ont. (Burgess.)
160. RUBUS.
(588.) R. Chamzemorus, Linn. Ford’s Harbor, coast of Lab-
rador; Upper Savage Islands and Digges Island, Hudson Strait. (R.
Bell.) Straits of Belle Isle and Mingan Islands, River St. Lawrence.
(St. Cyr.) In peat bogs four miles south of Red Rock, Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.)
Page 129.
(589.) R. arcticus, Linn. Grand Micatina, Mingan Islands, and
Anticosti, Q. (St. Cyr.) Peat bog four miles from Red Rock, Lake
Superior, and in other bogs near Port Arthur, Lake Superior. Com-
mon in low thickets from Morley westward through the Rocky and
Selkirk ranges, Lat.51°. (Macoun.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River,
Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
Var. grandiflorus, Ledeb. Nain, and Nachvak, coast of Labra-
dor ; also at Cape Prince of Wales and Upper Savage Islands, Hudson
Strait. (A. Bell.) Abundant in peat bogs, Salt Lake, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains. (Porter.)
Island of Ste. Geneviéve, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Frequent in bogs
from Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(590.) R. Dalibarda, Linn. Madawaska and Bocabec, N.B. (Hay.)
Tle a la Chasse, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Dominion Springs, near
Ottawa ; also in damp woods at Casselman, 30 miles east of Ottawa.
( Fletcher.)
(591.) R. pedatus, Smith. Very abundant in mountain woods
from Laggan westward in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Western
summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 130.
“(593,) R. stellatus, Smith. Sitka, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(594.) R. strigosus, Michx. Petty Harbor and Brigus, eastern
part of Newfoundland. (2. Beil.)
Page 131.
*(600.) R. villosus, Ait. Brigus and Topsail, eastern part of New-
foundland. (R&. Beil.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 515
i6{. PURSHIA.
Page 132. —
(604.) P. tridentata, DC. Sand Creek; Kootanie valley, B.C.
( Dawson.)
162. DRYAS.
(605.) D. octopetala, Linn. Summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Very common above 5,000 feet,
from the Kananaskis through the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Jdacoun.)
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Var. integrifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. Nachvak, coast of Lab-
vador ; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands,
Digges and Nottingham Islands, and at the Eskimo village of Hyla,
Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.) Hill tops, Armour, Labrador. (Butler.)
On an exposed point of rocks, South-west Point, Anticosti. (Jfacoun.)
Mingan Islands and at Ile du Grand Micatina. (St. Cyr.)
(606.) D. Drummondii, Hook. On gravel at the mouth of
Jupiter River, Anticosti. Abundant in the gravel at the mouths of
mountain streams from Morley through the Rocky Mountains to Don-
ald in the Columbia valley. Never on the mountain slopes. (Macoun.)
163. CEUM.
Page 133.
(608.) G. Virginianum, Linn. Borders of' fields, near Windsor,
N.S. (Macoun.) Salmon River and Norton, N.B. (Wetmore & Hay.)
(609.) G. macrophyllum, Willd. Common in meadows and on |
prairies from Morley westward through the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Moantains. (Dawson.)
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. VM. Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska.
(Meehan.) Along the water at La Canardiére, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(612.) G. rivale, Linn. In springy places all along the coast of
Labrador. (W. H. Stearns.) Isle St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Buckingham, P.Q., and Dow’s Swamp, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
164. WALDSTEINIA.
Page 134.
(617.) W. fragarioides, Tratt. Hel River, Carleton Co., N.B.
(Hay.) -
516 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
165. SIBBALDIA.
Page 135,
(618.) S. procumbens, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to
Hudson Strait. (#. Bell.) Table Top Mountain, Gaspé. (Porter.)
On elevations over 5,000 feet, through the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains, Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Davwson.)
166. CHAM/ERHODOS.
(619.) C. erecta, Bunge. On dry gravelly slopes at Morley, and
westward in the Bow River valley to Kananaskis station in the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
167. FRACARIA.
(622.) F. Chilensis, Duchesne. Open woods near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (fletcher.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
168. POTENTILLA.
Page 136.
(623.) P. arguta, Pursh. Watsheeshoo Bay, River St. Lawrence.
(St. Cyr.)
(624.) P. glandulosa, Lindl. Thickets at Spence’s Bridge, B.C.
(Fletcher. )
(625.) P. Norvegica, Linon. Nain, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)
Quite smooth and distinct from the ordinary form. Very likely the
P. Labradorica of Lehmann.
Var. hirsuta, Torr. & Gray. At Tadoussac, Q. (Sir Wm. Meddly-
cott, fide St. Cyr.)
(626.) P. rivalis, Nutt. Var. millegrana, Watson. Dry beds
of spring torrents from Morley westward in the Bow River valley to
Silver City in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(627.) P. supina, Linn. Shore of Lake Ontario at Four Mile
Creek, near the mouth of the Niagara River. (David F. Day.) Mus-
keg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M Macoun.)
(628.) P. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Mingan Harbor, River St.
Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Not uncommon around the South-west Point
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 517
lighthouse, Anticosti. Mungo Park’s Point and Livingstone’s Point,
Lake Nipigon, Ont. Common at Morley and westward in the Bow
River valley to Canmore in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 137.
Var. strigosa, Pursh. Very common on dry slopes from Mor.
ley westward up the Bow River valley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Spence’s Bridge, Thompson River, B.C. (etcher.)
Var. glabrata, Watson. On the lower grassy slopes at Kana-
naskis station, and in the meadows at Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
-- (Macoun.)
(630.) P. pulchella, R. Br. Nottingham Island, Hudson Strait.
(R. Beil.)
Page 138.
(632.) P. effusa, Dougl. Souris Plain, near Moose Mountain
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
(633.) P. Plattensis, Nutt. Moose Mountain Creek, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.)
(634.) P. dissecta, Pursh. Common on the higher slopes of the
mountains through the Rocky and Selkirk ranges, Lat. 51° (Macoun.)
Var. glaucophylla, Lehm. Summit of South Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On the summits of the Rocky and
Selkirk ranges from Canmore westward, Lat.51°. (Macoun.) Tsi-tautl '
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.
Var. multisecta, Watson. On the summit of Canmore Moun-
tain, Rocky Mountains; apparently very rare. (dMacoun.)
_ Var. pinnatisecta, Watson. On the summits of the moun-
tains at the Kananaskis, and Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(635.) P. gracilis, Doug]. On gravelly slopes and in meadows
from Morley to Silver City up the Bow River valley, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Mountain slopes, Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Slopes
on the Chilcoten valley, B.C. (Dawson.) On hillsides near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Cowley.)
Page 139.
(636.) P. Pitosa, Willd. Roadsides, Woodstock, Ont. (Dfillman.)
On the edge of a field at Clifton, near Niagara Falls. (David F. Day.)
This may be the P. erecta of Mr. Day’s catalogue of Buffalo plants.
(637.) P. argentea, Linn. Roadside between Kentville and Cape
Blomidon, N. 8. (Macoun & Burgess.) Point Edward and Sarnia,
Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) Fort Hrie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
518 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(638.) P. humifusa, Nutt. Common from Moose Jaw to Medi-
cine Hat along the Canadian Pacific Railway and on the Cypress Hills
and Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun.) On dry rocky ledges and on
gravel in the foot-hills at Morley and along the Bow River. (Macoun.)
(639.) P. nivea, Linn. Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
Var. Vahliana, Seem. On the summits of all the mountains
from Canmore to Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
51°. (Macoun.)
Var. dissecta, Watson. On the summit of Castle Mountain at
Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 140.
(641.) P. maculata, Poir. Nain, and Nachvak, coast of Labra-
dor; also at Cape Chudleigh and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) On hills, Amour, Labrador. (Butler.)
(643.) P. emarginata, Pursh. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to
Hudson Strait; Upper Savage Islands, Digge’s and Nottingham Islands,
and at the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Beli.) On
the summit of the northern part of Castle Mountain, Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page lil.
(650.) P. Canadensis, L. var. simplex, Torr. & Gray. None of
our specimens are of the type and it is very doubtful if it is found in
the eastern provinces. Point Pleasant, near Halifax and at Kingston,
N.S.; also at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Very common in sandy fields
around London, Ont. (Burgess.)
169. ALCHEMILLA.
Page 142,
(653.) A. vulgaris, Linn. Abundant on hillsides at Amour,
Labrador. (Butler.) Found in several localities along the Labrador
coast. (W. #. Stearns.) Abundant on grassy slopes near the sea at
Yarmouth, N.S., and at North Sydney and Louisburg, Cape Breton:
(Macoun & Burgess.) Halifax Co. N.S. (Lawson.) ,
170. ACRIMONIA.
(654.) A. Eupatoria, Linn. Topsail, eastern part of Newfound-
land. (£. Beil.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 519
(71. POTERIUM.
Page 143.
(656.) P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. Topsail, Newfoundland.
(R. Beil.) Common on the dry sloping flats along the coast of Labra-
dor. (W. E. Stearns.) Abundant on grassy places, Salt Lake, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Beauport, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(658.) P. Sitchense, Watson. Lake Lindeman source of the
Youcon River, Lat. 62°, 45’. (Schwatka.)
(2133.) P. Sanauisorsa, Linn. Well established at Point Abino,
Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
(2134.) P. annuum, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 198.
Sanguisorba annua, Torr. & Gray, FI. 1., 429.
At lake near Victoria, Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)
172. ROSA.
Serano Watson, Esq., the able curator of Dr. Gray’s Herbariums at
Harvard, Mass., has lately published a “ History and Revision of the
Roses of North America,” and this necessitates additional notes and
corrections in our notice of this genusin Part I.
(660.) R. Carolina, Linn. This species and the next have fre-
quently been confounded, but they are easily separated by their leaves,
and stipules, this species having “leaflets finely many toothed,” while
in the next they are “ coarsely toothed.” None of our eastern speci-
mens are of this species, but all belong to the next. We have it only
from Ontario, and Mr. Watson quotes it from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick on my authority, which he clearly shows to be incorrect.
Meech’s Lake, near Chelsea, Q. (Ami.)
(661.) R. lucida, Ehrh. Newfoundland. (Osborn.) _Whycocog-
mah, Cape Breton, and at numerous places in Nova Scotia. (Macoun
& Burgess.) Border of Gogoggan Lake, Guysboro’ Co., Nova Scotia.
(Faribault.) Quite common at St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Whiskey
Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.)
Page 144.
(662.) R. blanda, Ait. On rocks and rocky shores of rivers and
lakes from Newfoundland to Hudson Bay, and west to Lake Winnipeg.
(Watson.) Glenleg, Guysboro’ Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Petitcodiac,
520 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
N.B. (Brittain.) On the Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.) Along the
Metapedia, near the Restigouche. (Chalmers.) Jupiter River, Anti-
costi, and along the Gaspé coast;quite common. (Macoun.) Levis
and Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Fort Garry, Manitoba. (Bourgeau.)
(2135.) R. Sayli, Schwein.
R. blanda, var. setigera, Part I.
Lake Mistassini and Rupert River, the only rose. (J. M. Macoun.)
Island of Orleans, River St. Lawrence, and Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (St.
Cyr.) Dry fields at Belleville, Ont., and abundant, north of Lake
Superior, and on the shores of Lake Nipigon and its islands. Common
at Morley and westward up the Bow River valley to Canmore and
Silver City, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Abundant on the slopes of the
Cypress Hills and along their base. (J. Af. Macoun.) At the base of
the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond & Bourgeau.) From Cumberland
House on the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
(663.) R. Arkansana, Porter.
R. acicularis, var. Bourgeauiana, Part I.
At Brandon, Manitoba. (Scott.) Souris Plain near Moose Moun-
tain, and at Maple Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) The most abun-
dant prairie rose, in fact, the only species on the open prairie. Rapid
City (1872), River-that-turns (1879), and extremely abundant on the
Souris Plain, south-east of Regina (1880), and abundant (though a
doubtful form) at Morley and Kananaskis in the Bow River valley.
(Macoun.)
(664.) R. Californica, Cham. & Schlect. Along the Thompson
River, B.C. (Macoun.) Specimens identical with mine were collected
by Mr. James Fletcher in nearly the same locality and have been
doubtfully referred to R. pisocarpa by Mr. Watson. I retain them
under this species forthe present. The Vancouver Island form belongs
to the next species, and the one from Qualcho Lake to &. Nutkana.
(2136.) R. pisocarpa, Gray. Very abundant in thickets on
Vancouver Island, also found in the Fraser valley below Yale.
(Fletcher.) Vancouver Island, British Columbia. (Kellogg.)
(666.) R. Nutkana, Presl. In the Columbia valley at Donald,
and along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Near Old Man River, N.W.T., and at Columbia Lakes, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) Common around Victoria and up the Fraser and
Thompson rivers, B.C. (Fletcher.) Observatory Inlet, B.C. (Scouler.)
Hernando Island and Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF OANADIAN PLANTS. 521
Page 145.
(667.) R. nitida, Willd. Topsail, Newfoundland. (R. Bell.)
Glenleg, Guysboro’ Co., N.S, (Faribault.) Abundant at Kingston,
N.S. (Macoun & Burgesss.) Bass River, Kent Co., N.B., 1868. (Fowler.)
(668.) R. Fendleri, Crepin.
R. parviflora,. Part I.
Near Sand creek, Kootanie valley, B.C. (Dawson.
(2187.) R. acicularis, Lindl. Fort Simpson on the Mackenzie
River; also, at Fort Youcon, and in the Kuskokoin valley, and on the
Kowak River, and on St. Michel’s Island, Alaska. ( Watson.)
. (2188.) R. Woodsii, Lind]. On the Saskatchewan River at Carl-
ton. (Bourgeau.) Great Slave Lake and other places. (Richardson.)
Abundant at Canmore, on the upper benches, Rocky Mountains, Lat.
51°. (Macoun.)
(2139.) R. humilis, Marsh.
R. parviflora, Ehrh. Beitr. IV., 21.
R. Lyonti, Pursh, FI. I., 345.
R. lucida, Part I., in part. Ontario localities.
Along the Detroit River, Ont. (Gillman.) Near Ferry Poiut,
Prince Edward Co.; also, on Rice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co., and at Leamiugton, Essex Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
(2140.) R. prurnosa, Baker. Forming extensive thickets near an
old mill at the head of the North-west Arm, near Halifax, N.S.
(Macoun & Burgess.)
(670.) R. micrantha, Smith. Rather common at the ruins of .
Old Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) The common form along road-
sides in central Ontario. (Macoun.) Common at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. ( Fletcher.)
173. PIRUS.
(672.) P. maLus, Linn. Common in thickets on the Niagara pen-
insula at and near Queenston. (Macouwn.) Spontaneous in abandoned
fields near Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.)
(673.) P. arbutifolia, Linn. Brigus, eastern part of Newfound-
land. (&. Bell.)
. Page 146.
(674.) P. Americana, DC. Specimens referred by me to this
species were obtained at Bedford, N.S., and others from Campbellton,
s
522 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
N.B., are identical with them. Mr. Watson believes the former to be
P. Arcuparia, and hence introduced. We may have three forms in-
stead of two in Canada, and eastern collectors would do well to pro-
cure specimens in both fruit and flower.
Var. microcarpa, Torr. & Gray.
Sorbus Aucuparia, var. a. Michx. FI. I., 290.
S. microcarpa, Pursh, FI. I., 341.
Not rare along the Labrador coast. (W. E. Stearns.) Not uncom-
mon north of Lake Superior, also at Current River, 1884. (Macoun)
174. CRATACUS.
Page 147.
(679.) C. tomentosa, Linn. Neighborhood of Quebec and along
the road to Lorette. (St. Cyr.)
Var. punctata, Gray. Ste. Anne de la Pérade, Champlain Co.,
Q. (St. Cyr.)
Page 148. ‘
(682.) C. Douglasii, Lindl. Stone Fort, Red River, near Sel-
kirk, Man. (J. M@. Macoun.) Emerson, Red River, Man. Dr. Burgess
writes that it is likely all Dr. Dawson’s specimens should be placed
here. Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J M. Macoun.) Tail Creek, near
Buffalo Lake, Red River, N.W.T. (David Macoun.) Wild Horse
Creek, Kootanie valley, B.C. (Dawson.) In thickets at Winnipeg and
westward to the Rocky Mountains; also in the Columbia valley at
Donald and along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B. C.
(Macoun.) Apparently all the prairie Crategus is this form, but
whether it is identical with the Pacific form is still an open question.
(683.) C. rivularis, Nutt. Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.) In
thickets at the mouth of Harrison River, Fraser valley, B.C., 1875.
(Macoun.) Base of York Mountain, near Sumass, Fraser valley, B.C.
(A. Bowman.) Common in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
( Fletcher.)
175. AMELANCHIER.
(684.) A. alnifolia, Watson. Port Arthur, west side of Lake
Superior, along the shore; also in thickets at Emerson, Man. (Bur-
gess.) We now refer the whole of the prairie Amelanchier to this form,
as well as that found in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Fort Sel-
kirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’. (Schwatka.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 523
176. SAXIFRACA.
Page 149.
(687.) S. oppositifolia, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Digges, Not-
tingham, and Mansfield Islands and at the Eskimo village of Hyla,
Hudson Strait. (CR. Bell.) On rock, at Amour, Labrador coast.
(Butler.) On gravel at the mouths of Jupiter River and Riviére de Brig,
Anticosti. On the very highest summits of Copper, Castle, and other
mountains, at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) astern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 150.
(688.) S. Aizoon, Jacq. Minister's Face, River St. John, N.B.
(Wetmore.) Island of St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) On rocks
Peninsula Harbor, Lake Superior, and on the Outer Barn, and
Burnt Island, Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.)
(2141.) S. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Low places, near Fort Erie,
Ont. (David F. Day.)
(690.) S. czespitosa, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, the Sleeper Islands, and Digges,
Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
Grand Island, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) On the summits, amongst broken
rocks, from Canmore through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Var. uniflora, Hook. Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage
Islands, Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) , .
(692.) S. adscendens, Linn. Eastern summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Daison.) On the slopes and
summits of the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, along brooks and
ravines, from Castle Mountain to the Selkirk summit, B.C., Lat. 51°,
(Macoun.)
Page 151.
(693.) S. rivularis, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh and Nottingham Island, Hudson Strait. (2. Bell.) In
wet boggy places on the summits of the higher Rocky Mountains,
from Copper and Castle Mountains westward to Kicking Horse Lake.
(Macoun.)
WW
524 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. -
(2142.) S. debilis, Engelm.
S. rivularis, Watson, in King’s Rep. V., 93.
Summit of the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1881.
(Dawson.) On the wet slopes of Mount Carroll, near snow-drifts, Bear
Creek, Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°, 1885. (Macoun.)
(695.) S. cernua, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Digges, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Rather rare on the summits of the
higher Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 152.
(698.) S. nivalis, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh, Upper Savage Islands, Digges and Nottingham Islands
and the Eskimo villave of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.) On the
summits of all the higher Rocky Mountains from Canmore to Kicking
Horse Lake, Lat.51°. (Macoun.) Eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains, and on Michel Creek, B.C. (Dawson.)
(703.) S. leucanthemifolia, Michx, var. ferruginea, T. & G.
Abundant along mountain brooks around the summit of the Selkirks,
B.C., Lat. 51.° (Macoun.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Page 153.
(704.) §. Lyallii, Engler. Abundant along brooks and wet
slopes from Silver City through the Rocky Mountains westward to
Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)
(707.) S. punctata, Linn. Along brooks and in damp crevices
of rocks on mountains around the summit of the Selkirk Range, B.C.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
(709.) S. heterantha, Hook. Along brooks and in crevices of
damp rocks high up on the mountains at the Selkirk summit, B.C.;
very rare. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass and South Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 154.
(710.) S. Hirculus, Linn. Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield
Islands, and Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
(712.) S. bronchialis, Linn. Very common on the lower slopes
of the Rocky Mountains, from the foot-hills to Kicking Horse Lake,
Bow River valley. (Macoun.) Michel Creek, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
( Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 525
(713.) S. tricuspidata, Retz. Nachvak, coast of Labrador;
Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands, the Sleeper’s Islands,
Digge’s, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait (&. Beil.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
Chilcat Inlet, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Page 155.
(714.) S. aizoides, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh, and Cape Prince of Wales, Mansfield Island and Eskimo
village of Hyla. (&. Bell.) Te Ste.Geneviére, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Abundant along streams, Anticosti. Along brooks and in damp
crevices of rocks in ravines, from Kananaskis through the Rocky and
Selkirk Ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Michel Creek, B.C. (Dawson.)
177. BOYKINIA.
(715.) B. occidentalis, Torr. & Gray. At the waterfall, Gold-
stream. Vancouver Island, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)
178. TOLMIEA.
(717.) T. Menziesii, Torr. & Gray. Near the railway station,
Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)
179. TELLIMA.
(718.) T. grandiflora, R. Br. On the upper slopes of the Rocky
Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake; also abundant along mountain
brooks, flowing into Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Slopes, Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (fletcher.) Harrisburg, Alaska.
( Meehan.)
Page 156.
(719.) T. parviflora, Hook. Western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(2143.) T. tenella, Walp.
Lithophragma. tenella and L. glabra, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, FI. I., 584.
In and by rills near snow, at the source of Swift Current Creek,
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. 8th June, 1884. (% M. Macoun.)
526 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
180. TIARELLA.
(721.) T. unifoliata, Hook. In thick woods on mountain sides
from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rockies to the summit of the Selkirk
Range, B.C. (Macoun.) In woods at Michel Creek, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)
(722.) T. trifoliata, Linn. In woods at Comox, Vancouver
Island. (Dawson.)
(Sit. MITELLA,
Page 157.
(725.) M. pentandra, Hook. Very abundant on beds of snow
slides at Kicking Horse Lake in the Rockies and westward to the
summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.)
(726.) M, trifida, Graham. Abundant on Cathedral Mountain,
Kicking Horse Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(2144.) M. Breweri, Gray. On the western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) On the slopes
of Mounts Carroll and Dawson, Selkirk Range, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.)
182. HEUCHERA.
(728.) H. micrantha, Dougl. Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, and Coldwater River,
B.C. (Dawson.)
(729.) H. glabra, Willd. Abundant on the slopes of Mounts
Carroll and Dawson, and along Bear Creek and other small streams at
the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Page 158.
(731.) H. cylindrica, Dougl. var. alpina, Watson.
H. Haillii, Gray. Part I.
All references under H. Hallii, belong here. Crow Nest Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On mountain slopes at Kananaskis
and Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(732.) H. parviflora, Nutt. Milk River Ridge, N.W.T., 1883.
(Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.
ot
be
=
184. PARNASSIA.
(737.) P. palustris, Linn. Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(738.) P. parviflora, DC. Mingan Jalands. (S¢. Cyr.) Rather
common at the mouth of Jupiter and other rivers, Anticosti. Not
uncommon at low altitudes, from Silver City in the Rocky Mountains
westward to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
(739.) P. Caroliniana, Michx. Abundant at the mouth of the
Riviére de Brig at English Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Near the waters
edge at the Whirlpool, Niagara River, and in crevices of rocks near’
surface of Lake Hrie at Abino Point, Ont. (David F. Day.)
Page 160.
(740.) P. Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht. Rather rare on high
elevations on Copper Mountain and the peaks around Kicking Horse
Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(741.) P. fimbriata, Kenig. Abundant along mountain streams
from Silver City in the Rocky Mountains to the summit of the Sel-
kirks, B.C. (Macoun.) North Branch of Old Man River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45’.
(Schwatka.)
(85. LEPTARRHENA.
(742.) Lk. pyrolifolia, R. Br. Along mountain brooks, from 4000
feet up to the limit of permanent snowon the mountains at the Selkirk
summit, B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
186. PHILADELPHUS.
(743.) P. Lewisii, Pursh. In the Kootanie valley, B.C. (Daw-
son.) Fraser River valley, and at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(744.) P. Gordonianus, Lind. Near Sumass Lake, Fraser River
valley, B.C. (A. Bowman.)
187. RIBES.
(749.) R. Cynosbati, Linn, Pembina Mountain specimens re-
ferred here belong to R. oxyacanthoides.
528 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
‘Page 162.
(751.) R. setosum, Lindl. Shores of Lake Nipigon, growing in
sand. (Macoun.) Grindstone Point, Lake Winnipeg; Moose Moun-
tain, and Moose-Jaw Creek, N.W.T. (J. M Macoun.) Frequent on
dry ground and in thickets, from Morley westward up the Bow River
valley to Canmore, within the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 163.
(754.) R. Hudsonianum, Richards. On the roadside, in a
swamp between Colborne and Castleton, Northumberland Co., Ont.,
and in abundance in swamps at Red Rock, Lake Superior and around
Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg, and at Maple
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) This is the “ black currant” of the
prairie regions, and produces abundance of fine fruit. Common in a
swamp near Reed Lake, N.W.T.; in thickets, from Morley through
the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(759.) R. viscosissimum, Pursh. South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Very abundant on the lower slopes of the
mountains at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. Fruit, dark purple, cov-
ered with a bloom, and black hairs. Has the habit of RB. laxijlorum, but
is doubttully referred here. Possibly a new species. (Macoun.)
188. PENTHORUM.
Page 164.
(762.) P. sedoides, Linn. Beauport near Quebee. (St. Cyr.)
189. SEDUM.
(763.) S. acre, Lind]. Inthe Cemetery at St. Charles,Q. (St. Cyr.)
(764.) S. stenopetalum, Pursh. Abundant on the lower or
sub-alpine slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from the Kananaskis to
Kicking Horse Lake. (Macoun.) In crevices of rocks near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(2145.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 228. East end of Cypress
Hills, N. W.T., 1884. (7. M. Macoun). Rocky slopes, Crow Nest
Lake, Rocky Mounteins, 1883. (Davwson.)
Page 165.
(769.) S. Rhodiola, DC. Nain, Nachvak and Ford’s Harbor,
coast of Labrador; also Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
Mingan Islands and Ile du Grand Meeatina. (St. Cyr.) Ministet’s
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. ¢ 529
Face, N.B. (Wetmore.) At St. George, five miles from the coast, N.B.
(Vroom.) On damp slopes, in ravines: and rock crevices, from the
Kananaskis to Silver City, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(770.) S. Rhodanthum, Gray. Mr. Watson places the speci-
mens with the preceding species, and hence thisname must be dropped.
190. DROSERA.
(772.) D. Anglica, Hudson. Specimens from the Porcupine
Mountains, Man., Lat. 53° belong here. Abundant in bogs and marshes
along Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountain, Lat. 51°B.C. (Macoun.)
-Page 166.
(773.) D. intermedia, Drev. & Hayne. Var. Americana, DU.
Abundant ina marsh at Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) St. John
Co., N.B. (Hay.) Lac Travers, Champlain Co., Q. (St. Cyr.)
192. MYRIOPHYLLUM.
(776.) M. spicatum, Lino. In ponds and stagnant water, from
Morley through the Rocky Mountains, at low altitudes, to the Colum-
bia valley and the Selkirks along Beaver Creek.
193. PROSERPINACEA.
“Page 167.
-(780.) P. palustris, Linn. Digdeguash and St. Patrick, Char-
lotte Co., N.B. ( Vroom.)
194. HIPPURUS.
(781.) H. vulgaris, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.)
-(782.) H. maritima, Hellenius. Digges Island, off Cape Wols-
tonholme, Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.) Anse du Grand Etang; also,
south shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Gaspé Co.,Q. (St. Cyr.)
Page 168.
(783.) H. montana, Ledeb. In the flats along Glacier Creek a
little above the railway bridge west of the Selkirk summit, 1885, Lat.
51°, (Macoun.) ;
530 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
578. CALLITRICHE, Linn. (WATER STAR-WORT.)
(2146.) ©. verna, Linn. Common in ditches, pools and streams,
from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec, Ontario, and
the prairie region, and across the Rocky Mountains into British
Columbia.
(2147.) C. autumnalis, Linn. In a pond at Rothesay station,
N.B. (Fowler’s Cat.) In Brigham’s Creek, near Hull, Q. (Fletcher.)
Abundant, Railway Bay, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In the Bay
of Quinte at Zwick’s Island, and Hay Bay, near Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Pools in Wascana Creek, near Regina, N.W.T. (Ccwdry.)
Souris River, south-west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M0 Macoun.)
196. EPILOBIUM.
(786.) E. angustifolium, L. var.canescens, Wood. Lakeof
the Woods, Man. (Burgess.)
Page 169. '
(788.) E. luteum, Pursh. In swamps, along brooks and around
springs, Beaver and Bear Creek valleys, in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C.
(Macoun.)
(789.) E. alpinum, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) On the summits of Copper and Castle Mountains,
and westward through the Rockies to the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor and Keneshow Island, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Page 170.
‘(792.) E. coloratum, Muhl. Brigus, east coast of Newfound-
land. (R. Bell.)
(793.) E. minutum, Lindl. Yale Mountain, B.C. (Fletcher)
Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)
(795.) E. paniculatum, Nutt. Along a dry ravine at the Sweet
Grass Hills, N.W.T. (Burgess.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.) Abundant at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(796.) E. molle, Torrey. In a swamp at Kingston, N. 8,
(Burgess. )
(797.) E. affine, Boug. Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan)
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 531
197. GNOTHERA.
Page 173.
(807.) CE. czespitosa, Nutt. Moose Jaw Creek, N.W.T. (J.
M. Macoun.)
198. GODETIA.
(810.) G. ameoena, Lilja. Abundant along the Sooke Road,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(2148.) C. epilobioides, Watson.
Ginothera epilobioides, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 511.
Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. (Fleteher.)
200. BOISDUVALIA.
Page 174. i
(813.) B. densiflora, Watson. On dry gravelly ground around
Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1883. (Fletcher.)
201. GAURA.
(816.) Ga biennis, Linn. At Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
202. CIRCGA.
Page 175.
(819.) ©. Pacifica, Aschers. At Donald in the Columbia valley
and westward up Beaver Creek valley; quite common around the
Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)
Note.
Melastomacee and Lythracee were inadvertantly placed after
Onagracee, instead of before it, as they should have been.
203. RHEXIA.
(820.) R. Virginica, Linn. In wet crevices of rocks close to
water's edge, Black-stone Lake, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
18
532 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
204. LYTHRUM.
(821.) Le alatum, Pursh. Low wet sandy places at Point Ed-
ward, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) In ditches along the Great Western
railway, four miles east of Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.)
(822.) Lk. Salicaria, Linn. Abundant in meadows amongst the
ruins of Louisburg, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) Island of
Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Longueuil, P.Q. (7. V. Macdonald.)
206. MENTZELIA.
Page 176. P
(825.) M. leevicaulis, Torr. & Gray. Mountain side, Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
207. SICYOS.
(827.) S. angulatus, Linn. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ontario.
(Dawid F. Day.)
208. ECHINOCYSTIS.
(828.) E. lobata, Torr. & Gray. Surely indigenous in this neigh-
borhood. Various places in Ontario, near Buffalo. (David F. Day.)
Abundant in willow and other thickets west shore of Lake Winnipeg ;
also along the Souris and Qu’Appelle Rivers. (J. M: Macoun.) Indi-
genous along river banks at London and other places in western
Ontario. (Burgess.)
210. OPUNTIA.
Page 178. nee,
(2149.) O. fragilis, Haw. Not uncommon on dry rocks, on
islands in the Lake of the Woods, 1884. (A. C. Lawson.) This, then,
must be the plant referred to by Sir John Richardson as the “ prickly
pear,” but which has not been detected within the last half century.
On dry rocks, Hernando and neighbouring islands, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C., 1885. (Dawson.) Cadboro’ Bay, Victoria, Vancouver Island,
(Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 533
211. MOLLUCO.
(833.) M. verticillata, Linn. Abundant on the railway track
at Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.) Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)
213. SANICULA.
(835.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Lower Norton and Sussex, N.B.
(Brittain.) Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (St. Cyr.)
Page 179. :
(836.) S. Marylandica, Linn. Near Bull River bridge, Koo-
tanie valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Common at the Kanan-
askis, Rocky Mountains, and in the Columbia valley at Donald, B.C.
(Macoun.) At Agassiz, Fraser River valley, B.C. (Fletcher.)’
(837.) S. Menziesii, Hook. & Arn. Cedar Hill, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)
~ (839.) S. bipinnatifida, Doug]. Beacon Hill, Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
rE
214. CONIUM.
(840.) ©. maculatum, Linn. At Fort Erie, Ont. (David F.
Day.) Not uncommon in the streets of Sarnia, Ont. (Macoun.)
215. MUSENIUM.
(841.) Mi, divaricatum, Nutt. Moose Mountains, and Swift
Current Creek, N.W.T. (J: MZ Macoun.) Along Belly River, N.W.T.
(Dawson.) Regina, N.W.T. (Cowdry.)
Page 180.
Var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray.
M. trachyspermum, Nutt. Porter Fl. Col. 51.
Abundant in crevices of rocks at Morley along the Bow’ River.
(Macoun.) Foot-hills near Pincher Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
«
218. CARUM.
(846.) ©. Gairdneri, Benth. & Hook. In the dry beds of streams
50 miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) North Fork of Old Man
River, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
534 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OANADA. '
220. THASPIUM.
Page 181.
(848.) T. barbinode, Nutt. Foster’s Flats, Niagara River, Ont.,
1884. (Macoun.) :
(849.) T. aureum, Nutt. Norton, Rothesay, and Kennebekasis
River, N.B. (Hay.) Selkirk, near the mouth of Red River, Man.
(J. M. Macoun.) Casselman, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Miss I. Grant.)
579. BERULA.
(2150.) B. angustifolia, Koch.
Sium angustifolium, Linn. Gray, Man. 196, 1868.
S. pusillum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 611.
? Helosciadium (?) Californicum, Hook. Fl. I., 260.
Near Port Colborne, Ont., July, 1882. (David F. Day.)
225. BUPLEURUM.
Page 182.
(857.) B. ranunculoides, Linn. Fort Selkirk, Youcon River,
Lat. 62° 45’, (Schwatka.)
~
(2151.) B. Rorenpirotivm, Linn. On ballast heaps, St. John, N.B.
(Hay.) Ottawa. (Fletcher.)
226. OSMORRHIZA,
Page 183.
(858.) O. longistylis, DO. Pollet River, near Petitcodiac, N.B.
(Brittain.) Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.) Camp Alexander, Nipigon River, Ont. (Muacoun.) Med-
icine Hat, South Saskatchewan River. (J. M. Macoun.)
(860.) O. nuda, Torrey. Abundant in low thickets from the
Kananaskis in the Rocky Mountains westward to the Selkirks, B.C.
I have never observed QO. brevistylis in the mountains. (Macoun.)
Common on Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)
227. CLYCOSMA.
(861.) G. occidentale, Nutt. Western summit of North Koo-
tanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 535
584. CENANTHE, Linn.
(2206.) GE. sarmentosa, Nutt.
Phellandrium aquaticum, Pursh F1. I., 195.
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
230. LICUSTICUM.
Page 184.
(864.) L. Scoticum, Linn. Caribou, coast of Labrador. (Butler.)
Rather common on the Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.) Abundant on the
shores of Anticosti, at Salt Lake and other points. (Macoun.) Sea-
shore near St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Baie des Chaleurs, near Campbell-
ton, N.B. (Chalmers.)
(2207.) L. apiifolium, Benth. & Hook.
Cynapium aptifolium, Nutt. Torr. & Gray FI. L, 641.
Abundant in marshes along Beaver Creek and other streams in the
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
231. SELINUM.
(866.) S. Canadense, Michx. Crevices of rocks, St. Mary’s
River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Spurr’s Cove, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) St. Irénée, Charlevois Co., Q. (St. Cyr.)
Page 185.
(868.) S. Benthami, Watson. Michel Creek, Rocky Moun-
tains ; Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (Dawson.) The specimens from
both localities are very imperfect and are placed here provisionally.
232. ANCELICA.
(2152.) A. Dawsoni, Watson. Summit of South Kootanie Pass,
1881; and Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. Mr. Sereno
Wataon considers this a very distinct species and has very properly
named it after the discoverer, Dr. G. M. Dawson, who has done go
much in working out our Rocky Mountain flora,
(2153.) A. Lyallii, Watson (?). An imperfect specimen collect-
ed on the summit of the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, by
Dr. G. M. Dawson in August, 1881, is referred here. Tt is without
fruit but agrees perfectly in leaves and flowers.
536 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
333. ARCHANCELICA.
(871.) A. atropurpurea, Hofim. Not uncommon along the
coast of Anticosti at Salt Lake. (Macoun.) Both sides of Niagara
River. (David F. Day.) Common at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Page 186.
(872.) A. Gmelini, DC. Along the south-west coast of Anticosti,
not rare. (Macoun.) Straits of Belle Isle and Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.)
Sooke, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (AMeehan.)
234. CYMOPTERUS.
(875.) C. glomeratus, Raf. In gravelly soil, Moose Mountain
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Dry prairie near Regina, N.W.T,
(NV. H. Cowdry.)
235. PEUCEDANUM.
(876.) P. leiocarpum, Nutt. Drews Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
Page 187.
(877.) P. triternatum, Nutt. East of Crow Nest Lake, Crow
Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) Not uncommon ona
dry flat west of Canmore station, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°, 1885.
(Macoun.)
(880.) P. foeniculaceum, Nutt. Cypress Hills and Moose
Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Regina, N.W.T. (WV. H. Cowdry.)
(881.) P. macrocarpum, Nutt. Moose Mountain Creek and
Cypress Hills, NW.T. (J. ML. Macoun.) .
Var (?) eurycarpum, Gray. On dry gravelly hillsides, along the
Kicking Horse River, at Golden City, Columbia valley, 1885. (Afacoun.)
(2154.) P. villosum, Nutt. Coal Banks, Belly River, N.W.T.,
1883. (Davson.) Maple Creek, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.)
(2155.) P. ? Summit of South Kootanie Pass, 1881; also.
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dau'son,*
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 537
237. FERULA.
Page 188.
(884.) F. dissoluta, Watson. Abundant in the vicinity of Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
238. DAUCUS.
(886.) D. pusillus, Michx. Var. microphyllus, Torr. & Gr.
Drew’s Harbor and Mary Island, B.C. (Dawson.)
(887.) D. Carora, Linn. Has been firmly established for years
near the village of Nelson, Halton Co., Ont. A common roadside
weed. (Burgess.)
re 580. CAUCALIS, Linn.
‘
(2156.) ©. noposa, Huds. Adventitious in waste places, St.
Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)
240. ARALIA.
Page 189.
(891.) A. nudicaulis, Linn. Abundant in thickets at Morley
and Kananaskis, Rocky Mountains ; also in the valley of the Columbia
and westward in the Selkirks. (Macoun.) In the mountains, Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(892.) A. quinquefolia, Decaisne. Beechwood and Powell's
Grove, Ottawa. (Macoun.) Rich woods around London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Maple woods, 2nd range of Orvillicrs, Ste. Anne de la
Pérade, Q. (St. Cyr.)
241. FATSIA.
(894.) F. horrida, Benth. & Hook. Very abundant in the valley
of Beaver Creek, and westward through the Selkirks, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) On the Kicking Horse River in one locality, and sparingly
southward in a few other places on west side of Rocky Mountains. .
(Dawson.) Pyramid Harbor, and Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
538 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
242. CORNUS.
Page 190.
(895.) ©. Canadensis, Linn. Coast of Labrador at Nain.
(R. Bell.)
(896.) S. Suecica, Linn. Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labrador.
(R. Bell.) Watstreeshoo, Mingan Island. (St. Cyr.)
(899.) ©, Nuttallii, Audubon. Abundant on Mount Finlayson
and around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
Page 191.
(903.) ©. pubescens, Nutt. Abundant at Victoria and in the
Fraser River valley, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(906.) ©. alternifolia, Linn. Borders of the River St. Charles,
Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
PART IL.
245. SAMBUCUS.
Page 193.
(2157.) S. melanocarpa, Gray. Very common on beds of
snow-slides and in damp thickets from Donald in the Columbia valley
through the Selkirks. (Macoun.)
(909.) S. racemosa, Linn. Both this and var. pubens are made
one form in Gray’s late work, and should be united under the above
name.
Var. arborescens, Torr. & Gray. Washington Territory to Sitka.
(Gray.) It is probable our Pacific Coast form is this variety.
546. VIBURNUM.
Page 194.
(912.) V. cassinoides, Linn. Read thus instead of V. nudum,
var. cassinoides, Torr. & Gray.
(913.) V. dentatum, Linn. Chiputneticook Falls, and St.
Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) In thickets on Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont.
(Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTs. 539
Page 195.
-(916.) V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Tay’s Mills, York Co., N.B.
(Moser.) Along the Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.) Topsail, east coast
of :Newfoundland. (&. Bell.) Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.) New
Westminster, B.C. (Fletcher.).
247. LINNEA.
(919.) L. borealis, Gronov. Var. longiflora, Torrey. Not
“ uncommon in woods at Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885. ( Fletcher.)
248. SYMPHORICARPUS.
Page 196.
.(921.).S. racemosus, Michx. Var. pauciflorus, Robbins,
Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) At Field in the Kicking
Horse valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher-)
a“
249. LONICERA.
(923.) L. hispidula, Dougl.
L. hispidula, Dougl. Var. Douglasii, Gray, Part II.
Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. Rare. Along
the Sooke road, Vancouver Island. (Pletcher.)
(924.) L. hirsuta, Eaton. Flat Rock Portage, Lake Nipigon ;
and along the Assiniboine River at Fort Ellice, Man. (Macoun.) Dog
Head, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)
Page 197.
(925.) L. Sullivantii, Gray. Specimens collected at Milk River
Ridge, Long. 112°, N.W.T., and referred to L. glauca, belong here.
Dr. Burgess believes that his specimens from Hatchley and Saugeen,
Ont., are of this species.
(926.) L. glauca, Hill. Quite common from Morley, westward
through the Rocky Mountains, to Donald in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.)
Page 198. ;
*(030.) L. oblongifolia, Hook. Abundant in Cedar swamps at
Hatchley, Oxford Co., and in mossy bogs around Lake Arran, Bruce
Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
19
540 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(2158.) L. Utahensis, Watson. In the Columbia valley at
Donald, and westward in the Selkirks, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) South
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Specimens collectod at
Dean or Salmon River, B.C., and referred to D. ciliata, belong here.
250. DIERVILLA.
(932.) D. trifida, Mcnch. Brigus, east coast of Newfoundland.
(R. Bell.)
251. TRIOSTEUM.
(633.) T. perfoliatum, Linn. Cap Rouge, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
252.. CEPHALANTHUS.
(£34.) ©. occidentalis, Linn. St. Stephen, and St. James, N.B.
( Vroom.)
253. HOUSTONIA.
Page 199.
(935.) H. purpurea, L. Var. longifolia, Gray. Not rare on
light sandy soil near Mount Pleasant, Brant Co., Ont. (Burgegs.)
255. CALIUM.
Page 201.
(939.) For G. asprelum, read C. asprellum.
(941.) C. trifidum, Linn. Var. pusillum, Gray. Island of
Orleans, near Quebec: (St. Cyr.) Not rare from Kicking Horse
Lake, Rocky Mountains, to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.)
Page 203. ,
(947.) G. Kamtschaticum, Steller. Mountains of Gaspé,
Quebec. (Dr. Allen.) Unalaska. (Gray.)
(2159.) G. tricorne, Linn. Occasionally spontaneous in gardens
at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 541
257. VALERIANA.
Page 204,
(952.) For WV. dioica, L. Var. sylvatica, Watson, read V.
sylvatica. (Banks)
Var. uliginosa, Torr. & Gray. Roadsides, Asylum, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Meadows, Niagara Falls, Ont. (Millman.)
(953.) For V. capitata, Willd. Var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray,
read V. Sitchensis, Bong. All our references under both forms,
except the extreme northern ones, belong here. Rather rare on
mountain slopes from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains to
the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2160.) V. capitata, Pall. Alaskan coast and islands, north to
arctic region. (Gray.) The northern notices of the preceding belong
here.
258. PLECTRITIS.
Page 205.
(2161.) P. macrocora, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IT., 50.
P. congesta, var. minor, Hook. FL I., 291.
In woods along the Saanich road, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)
(2162.) P. samolifolia, Hoeck.
P. congesta, DC. Part II. in part.
In low grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
Cedar Hill and Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)
261. VERNONIA.
Page 206.
(2163.) V. altissima, Nutt. In damp places, St. Clair Flats,
Ont., 1884. (J. Mf. Macoun.) Along the Great Western railway and
margins of fields near Windsor, Ont., 1885. (MMacoun.) The reference
to Essex Centre under No. 958 may belong here, as only leaves were
obtained.
262. EVUPATORIUM.
(959.) E. purpureum, Linn. Our specimens of this species
nearly all belong to the variety maculatum, and hence should read £,
purpureum, L. Var. maculatum, Darl. Topsail, east coast of Newfound.
land. (R. Beil.)
‘
542 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
265. LIATRIS.
Page 207.
(2164.) L. squarrosa, Willd. Dry gravelly or sandy soil, west-
ern Ontario. (Gray.) Not noticed by any of the late collectors.
Var intermedia, DC. Same situation as the type: (Gray.) Not
lately collected.
(2165.) L. spicata, Willd.
DL. macrostachya, Michx. F]. II., 91.
Not uncommon in marshy meadows between Point Edward and
Sarnia, Ont., 1884. (Macoun.)
267. CRINDELIA.
Page 208.
(970.) G. integrifolia, DC. North Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) Dr. Gray, in his Flora of North
America, Vol. I., Part II., unites this and No. 971 in which we now
follow him.
269. HAPLOPAPPUS.
Page 210.
(974.) H. lanceolatus, Torr. & Gray. Var. Vaseyi, Parry.
Saskatchewan to Lat. 49°. (Gray.) On saline flats along Eagle Creek,
‘south of the Bad Hills, N.W.T., 1879. (Macoun.)
(2166.) H. Lyallii, Gray. In northern Rocky and Cascade Moun-
tains. Montana to Oregon and British Columbia. (Gray.)
(2167.) H. Brandegeii, Gray. Very abundant on the summits
of the higher Rocky Mountains, especially around Kicking Horse
Lake and Silver City ; also on the summit of Mount Dawson at the
Selkirk summit, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.)
(977.) For H. acaulis, Gray. Var. glabratus, Watson, read
H. acaulis, Gray. Our specimens are generally leafy above, but in
no case have two heads.
270. BICELOVIA.
(978.) For B. graveolens, Gray. Var. hololeuca, Gray,
read B. graveolens, Gray. Wild Horse Creck, Kootanie valley,
B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 543
271. SOLIDACO.
Page 212.
(984.) S. macrophylla, Pursh, “Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labra-
dor, (CR, Bell.)
(985.) S. multiradiata, Ait. Var. scopulorum, Gray. (Quite
common on the slopes, and along streams in the Rocky Mountains
from the Kananaskis River to the Columbia, and thence through the
Selkirk Range. (Macoun.) ,
Page 213. :
(986.) S. Virgaurea, Linn. Var. alpina, Bigel. Ford’s Harbor,
and Nachval, coast of Labrador. (A. Bell.) South-west Point of
Anticosti. Some of my Lake Superior specimens have been referred
_ here on authority, but I think they belong to S. humilis. (Macoun.)
A solitary specimen which may probably belong to some form of this
species was collected in 1879, near Tail Creek, N.W. T.,. by David
Macoun. It seems to connect S. macrophylla with this species all
the flowers being in thyrsoid clusters in the axils of the ample leaves.
« (987.) S. humilis, Pursh. On gravelly or dry slopes froin
Morley through the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.)
(990.) S. puberula, Nutt. Truemanville, N.S. (Zrueman.)
Norton, N.B. (Hay.) ;
‘Page 215. :
(1000.) S. Missouriensis, Nutt. Damp or wet meadows, Point
Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
Page 216.
~ _ (1005.) &. nemoralis, Ait. Not uncommon at Morley and at
Golden City, mouth of Kicking Horse River, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
Page 217.°
(1006.) S. rigida, Linn. Common along the Grand Trunk rail-
way, a mile west of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1007.) S. Ohioensis, Riddell. Marshy ground, Point Edward,
River St. Clair, Ont. (J. Mf Macoun.)
(2168.) S. Riddellii, Frank.
S. amplexicaulis, Mertens. Torr. & Gray, FL. IL, 210.
Marshy ground, Point Edward, River St. Clair, Aug. 1884. (Macoun.)
\ 544 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
273. TOWNSENDIA.
Page 218.
(1012.) For T. florifer, read T. Parryi, Eaton. Var. alpina,
Gray. Summit between High River and Sheep Creek, Rocky Moun-
tains, 1884. (Davwson.)
275. ASTER.
Page 219. .
(1019.) A.radula, Ait. Var. strictus, Gray. In bogs or
swamps, Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory. (J M. Macoun.)
(1020.) A. Sibiricus, Linn. This is made, by Dr. Gray, to include
both A. montanus and the var. arcticus. Abundant in river bottoms on
gravel, from Morley through the Rocky Mountains to Donald, in the
Columbia valley. (Macoun.)
Page 220.
(1021.) A. conspicuus, Lindl. Abundant in thickets through
the RockyMountains, from Morley to Donald. (Macoun.)
Page 221.
(1021.) A. azureus, Lind]. Sandy soil, Point Edward, River
St. Clair, Ont., 1884. (J M. Macoun.)
Page 222.
(1032.) A. undulatus, Linn. Sandy woodlands, not common,
London, Ont. (Burgess.)
(1034.) As Lindleyanus, Torr. & Gray. In thickets, Petitcodiac,
N.B. (Brittain.) Not uncommon in woods around Ottawa, Ont., and
at Hull and Chelsea, Q. (Fleicher.) Magpie River, north of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.) Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg, and at Lake
Mistassini. (J. MZ Macoun.) Rather common in thickets, from Morley
through the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges. (Macoun.)
Page 223.
(1036.) A. ericoides, Ait. Var. villosus, Torr. & Gray. Open
sandy thickets, Windsor, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1037.) A. multiflorus, Ait. Rather common at Windsor, and
Point Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. MZ. Macoun.)
(2169.) A. commutatus, Gray. Part II.
A. multiflorus, var. commutatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 125.
A. ramulosus, var. incano-pilosus, Lindl. & Hook., Fl. IL, 13.
On dry soil at Reed Lake and Medicine Hat, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 545
(2170.) A. vimineus, Lam.
A. tenuifolius, L. Macoun’s Cat. No. 870.
Moist ground, Ontario. (Gray.) Salmon River, near Shannon-
ville, and at the Hop Yard, Belleville, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Damp ground, Point Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
Var. foliolosus, Gray. In damp soil along the Nation River at
Casselman, near Ottawa, Ont. (Macown.) Moist ground or ditches at
Windsor, and Point Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M Macoun.)
Page 224,
(1040.) A. dumosus, Linn. In dry thickets at Windsor, Ont.
(Macoun.)
* (2171.) A. Tradescanti, Linn., partly.
A, tenuifolius, var. in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 182.
Open grounds, Canada, and the Saskatchewan. (Gray.) Point
Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. MZ Macoun.)
(1041.) A. paniculatus, Lam. Shores of Kouchibouguasis River,
and Norton, N.B. (Fowler & Hay.) Chipman, N.B. (Wetmore.)
River Pentecoste, north shore of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Extends
from the Atlantic to the base of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 225,
(1044.) A. Junceus, Ait.
A. zxstivus, Ait., Part II.
As anticipated, Dr. Gray has united my No. 1045, A. estivus, with
A. junceus, and thereby cleared up a doubtful point.
(1046.) A. Novee-Belgii, Linn. Chipman, N.B. ( Wetmore.)
Richibucto, and Carleton, N.B. (Fowler.) St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
We have seen the specimens from Chipman. The specimen from the
Bow River is possibly a form of A. salic/folius. (Macoux.) Common
in wet grounds, New Brunswick, and Canada. (Gray.) This species
should be investigated in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
(1047.) A. tardiflorus, Linn. Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) Along the Ste. Anne des Monts River,
Gaspé, Q. (Macoun.) Along streams, Quebec, New Brunswick and
Labrador. (Gray.) Woods at Levis, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
Page 226.
(1050.) A. Novze-Anglize, Linn. Abundant in thickets from
Portage La Prairie, westward to Brandon, Man. ~(Macoun.)
(1052.) A. mutatus, Torr. & Gray. This species and No. 1055,
A, Sayii, Gray, Part IL., are united in Gray’s Synoptical Flora, Vol. L.,
546 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Part IL., under A. modestus, which will now be adopted. Along Nipigon
River, above Lake Ellen and at Current River, near Port Arthur, Lake
Superior. Quite common in the Columbia valley at Donald, and west-
ward in the valleys of the Selkirk Range. (Macoun.)
(1054.) A. foliaceus, Lindl. South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains ; also along Belly River, N.W.T. (Dawson.) In thickets on the
Cypress Hills; also on Red Deer River and Tail Creek, N.W.T.
(Macoun.) Lake Karmutsen, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
Var. frondeus, Gray. Abundant along streams and mountain
slopes from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains to the
summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
Page 297 a
(1056.) A. —— ?=A. Douglasii, Lindl. or No. 1025.
(1057.) For A. elegans, read A. Oreganus, Nutt. Along the
Canadian Pacific Railway, a little east of Palliser, Kicking Horse
valley ; also abundant in Beaver Creek, Six-mile Creek, and Bear
Creek valleys, in the Selkirk Range, B.C. (Macoun.) Small lake near
Pincher Creek, N.W.T. (Dauson.) , i
(1058.) A. Engelmanni, Gray. In profusion on the slopes,
north of Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains; also on Mount
Carroll, along Bear Creek, Selkirk Summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1059.) A. alpinus, Linn. On dry soil amongst gravel in the
foot-hills at Morley, and west in the Bow River valley to Canmore in
the Rockies. Not alpine. (Macoun.)
(1062.) A. nemoralis, Ait. Sheldrake River, north shore of St.
Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Rupert River, North-east Territory. (J. M.
Macoun.)
Page 223.
(1064.) For A. lutescens, Torr. & Gray, read A. ptarmi-
coides, Torr. & Gray. Var. lutescens, Gray.
2172.) A. Fremonti, Gray.
A. adscendens, var. Fremonti, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IL., 503.
Abundant along streams flowing into Kicking Horse Lake ; also at
Silver City, and through the Rockies to the Columbia valley at Donald
and in the valleys of the Selkirks. Never above 5,000 feet. (Macoun.)
(2173.) A. occidentalis, Nutt. Var. intermedius, Gray.
Abundant in the valley of Beaver Creek, near Stony Creek, Selkirk
Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 547
(2174.). A. prenanthoides, Muhl. Moist ground, especially
along streams, throughout Canada. (Gray.) We have no knowledge
_of this species.
276. ERICERON.
Page 280.
(1074.) E. compositus, Pursh. On both alpine and sub-ualpine
slopes from the mouth of the Kananaskis to the summits around Kick-
ing Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. glabratus, Macoun. On the higher slopes of the mountains
at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains, Apparently rare. Leaves
viscous or glandular. (Macoun.)
Page 231.
(1075.) E. corymbosus, Nutt. On dry slopes near Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
(1079.) E. uniflorus, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape
- Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island, Hudson Strait.
_(R.Bell.) On the summit of Castle Mountain, and the high peaks
around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky: Mountains. (dMacoun.)
(2175.) E. eriocephalus, J.. Vahl. Cape Chudleigh, Cape
. Prince of Wales, and Digges Island; Hudson Strait. ee Beil.)
Page 232.
(1081.) E. lanatus, Hook. On the highest pete of Canmore
and Castle Mountains, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 233.
(1085.) E. salsuginosus, Gray. In mountain woods and along
streams from Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains, to the Selkirk sum-
mit, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1086.) E. bellidifolius, Muhl. Cap Rouge, near Quebec. (St.
Cyr.)
Page 234. .
(1091.) E. alpinus, Linn. All specimens referred to this species,
in our possession, are F. acris and its var. Drebachensis.
‘(1092.) E. acris, Linn. On both the alpine and subalpine slopes
of the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. Droebachensis, Blyth. Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg. (J.
M: Macoun.) Rather common on the lower slopes of the Rocky
Mountains and in the Bow, Kicking Horse and Columbia valleys,
Lat. 51°. Oa.
548 GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
Var. debilis, Gray. Hudson Bay and North Labrador. (Gray.)
On gravel at the mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti. (JMacoun.)
(2176.) E. poliospermus, Gray. Eastern summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, 1883. (Dawson.)
(2177.) E. flagellaris, Gray. Imperfect specimens, which may
be this species, have been gathered at Spence’s Bridge, B.C., by A. J.
Hill. Better specimens are necessary before we can be certain.
277.. ANTENNARIA.
e 235.
1098.) A. racemosa, Hook. Abundant on the higher moun-
tain slopes, from Silver City in the Rockies to the summit of the
Selkirk Range, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 236.
(1098.) A. dioica, Gertn. Var. rosea, Eaton. Abundant
along the slopes of subalpine valleys, from Morley westward through
the Rockies to the Columbia valley at Donald, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1099.) A. alpina, Gertn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Upper Savage Islands, and Digges Island, Hudgon Strait.
(R. Bell.) On the summits of the high mountains from the Kana-
naskis through the Rockies to the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1100.) A. Carpathica, R. Br. On the summits of the high
mountains at Kicking Norse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. pulcherrima, Hook. In profusion on the prairies around
Morley and westward along brooks and streams, and in marshy mea-
dows through the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, Lat. 51°. (Mfacoun.)
279. CNAPHALIUM.
Page 237.
(2178.) G. microcephalum, Nutt. In damp places, Canadian
Pacific Railway crossing of Fraser River, B.C., 1883. (Fletcher.)
Page 238.
(1111.) CG. purpureum, Linn. Abundant amongst grass at
Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.) Abundant at and in the vicinity of
Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF OANADIAN PLANTS. 549
281. ADENOCAULON.
Page 239.
(1113.) A. bicolor, Hook. Rather rare along the Canadian Paci-
fic Railway between Six-mile Creck and Stony Creek-in the Selkirk
Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of
Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)
283. SILPHIUM.
(1116.) S. perfoliatum, Linn. Along the margins of fields, in
thickets near Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.)
285. AMBROSIA.
(1119.) A. trifida, Linn. Beauport, near Quebec; also Baie du
Fabre, Yamaska Co.,Q. (St. Cyr.)
286. FRANSERIA.
Page 241.
(1123.) F. bipinnatifida, Nutt. Between Cape Lazo and Shelter
Point, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)
288. HELIOPSIS.
Page 242.
(1128.) H. seabra, Dunal. Sugar Island, St. John River, N.B.
(Moser.) Very likely this is Helianthus decapetalus. (Macoun.) In
thickets at Selkirk, Portage La Prairie and Brandon. (J. M. Macoun.)
289. RUDBECKIA.
(1130.) R. laciniata, Linn. Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.)
290. ECHINACEA.
Page 243.
(1132.) E. angustifolia, DC. Not rare on prairies around
Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)
550 “GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
291. BALSAMORHIZA.
(2179.) B. hirsuta, Nutt. Utah to British Columbia. (Gray.)
580. WYETHIA.
2180.) W. amplexicaulis, Nutt.
Silphium leve, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. VI., 244.
Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)
292. HELIANTHUS.
Page 24. ;
(1136.) H. petiolaris, Nutt. Introduced from the prairies at
Field in the Kicking Horse valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Tobacco Plains, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(1138.) H. Nutallii, Torr. & Gray. In some abundance at Field,
Kicking Horse valley, and at Golden City in the Columbia valley,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 245.
(1141.) H. decapetalus, Linn. Eel River, Carleton Co., N.B.
(Hay.)
1144.) H. Maximiliania, Schrader. Grassy Narrows, Lake Win-
nipeg. (J. M. Macoun,). , ot
(1145.) HM. tuBERosus, Linn. At Sillery and Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(1146.) H. pumilus, Nutt. On the margins of coulées at Medi-
cine Hat, N.W.T. (J. Ml Macoun.) Along the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way embankments at Silver City and Field, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
293. ACTINOMERIS.
Page 246
(1148.) A. squarrosa, Nutt. Roadside and along the Thames
within the limits of Chatham, Ont. (Macoun.)
294. (COREOPSIS.
(1150.) For C. trichosperma, Michx., read C. trichosperma,
Michx, Var. tenuiloba, Gray. ‘Border of a marsh at entrance to
Pelee Point, Lake Erie, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) On the border of a
marsh at Rondeau, Lake Erie, Ont. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 551
(1151.) C. tripterus, Linn. Borders of marshes and along the
Great Western railway, near Windsor, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)
(1152.) C. verticillata, Linn. On the beach near a marsh, west
of Rondeau, Lake Erie., Ont. (Macoun.)
(1153.) C. lanceolata, Linn. Cockburn Island, Lake Huron, Ont.
1866. (J. Beil.)
(2181.) C. palmata, Nutt. Plains avd prairies, Winnipeg to
Wisconsin. (Gray.) We have never seen Canadian specimens of
this.
295. BIDENS.
Page 247.
(1155.) B. frondosa,Linn. Collected at Field, Rocky Mountains,
on railway ballast, introduced in grain. (Macoun.)
296. MADIA.
Page 248.
(1160.) M. Nuttallii, Gray. North Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) In the vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Meehan.)
-(1162.) For M. dissitiflora, Torr. & Gray, read M. sativa,
Molina. Var. racemosa, Gray.
581. LAYIA, Hook. & Arn.
(2182.) L. glandulosa, Hook. & Arn.
Blepharipappus glandulosus, Hook. Fl. 1., 316,
Madaroglossa angustifolia, DC. Prodr. V. 694.
Barren ground, British Columbia to California. (Gray.)
298. ERIOPHYLLUM.
Page 249.
(1165.) E. czespitosum, Dougl. Var. integrifolium, Gray.
Rocky Mountains in Montana and Wyoming to British Columbia.
(Gray.) Between Cape Lazo and Shelter Point, Gulf of Georgia, B.C.
(Dawson.)
552 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
30!. HELENIUM.
(1168.) H. autumnale, Linn. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.)
303. ACTINELLA.
Page 250. ;
1171.) A. Richardsonii, Nutt. Take from No. 1170 and place
under this species the following reference. On the Missouri Céteau,
49th parallel. (Burgess.)
305. ACHILLEA.
Page 251,
(1173.) A. Millefolium, Linn. Var. lanata, Koch. Canadian
Pacific railway crossing of the Fraser River, B.C. The common form
in British Columbia. (Fletcher.)
Var. nigrescens, E. Meyer. Nain, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)
308. CHRYSANTHEMUM.
Page 252.
(1181.) C. integrifolium, Richards. Nottingham Island, Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.)
(1184.) C. Parthenium, Pers. Around the monument, Quebec.
(St. Cyr.)
309. MATRICARIA.
(1187.) M. inodora, Linn. Along the streets of Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
Page 254.
Var. nana, Hook. Digges and Mansfield islands ; also the Eskimo
Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (2. Bell.)
582. COTULA, Linn.
(2183.) C. cornonoriroxia, Linn. Abundant for some distance along
a gutter in Fort Street, Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)
This is the plant described but not named under No. 1331.
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 553
3il. ARTEMISIA.
Page 255,
(1191.) A. dracunculoides, Pursh. Abundant at Morley, and
westward up the Bow River valley to Banff, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
Page 256.
(1200.) A. discolor, Doug]. Common on the sides of ravines at
the Kananaskis and grassy slopes of Castle Mountains, Rocky Moun-
tains ; also on the slopes of the Selkirks, at the summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
A vemarkable form like var. incompta was collected at Kamloops, B. C.,
by Mr. Fletcher.
314. PETASITES.
Page 260.
(1214.) P. palmata, Gray. Low swampy places from Morley,
westward through the Rockies, to the Selkirk summit ; always in the
subalpine valleys. (Afacoun.)
Var. frigida, Macoun. A form intermediate between this species
and the next was collected on the highest summits of the Rockies, at
Kicking Horse Lake, and also at the summit of the Selkirks on Glacier
Mountain. In both cases it was close to perpetual snow and never
seemed to connect with the common form in the valley. The leaves,
although bearing a general resemblance to those of P. palmata, have no
sinus at the base, but the blade passes into the petiole.
(1215.) P. sagittata, Gray. Abundant in the valleys of the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
315. ARNICA.
(1217.) A. cordifolia, Hook. Low thickets, from Morley, through
the Rocky Mountains, to Donald in the Columbia valley. Seldom in
the higher mountain woods. (Macoun.) Thickets along the Thompson
River at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Sletcher.)
Page 261.
(1218.) A. latifolia, Bongard. Ahandant in mountain woods on
the slopes at Kicking Horse Lake, in the Rocky Mountains; and on
the mountain sides at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1219.) A. Chamissonis, Less. Rather common on the lower
slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from Morley westward to the Selkirk
summit. (Macoun.) Yale Mountain and Spence’s Bridge, B. C,
(Fletcher.)
554 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1220.) A. foliosa, Nutt. On beds of snow-slides amongst brush
on the north mountain, Kicking Horse River, Rocky Mountains ; also
on beds of snow-slides near the glaciers at the Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)
(1222.) A. alpina, Olin. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; also Cape
Chudleigh ‘and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait; and Fort.
Churchill, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) On the lower slopes of the moun-:
tains and in the foothills at the Kananaskis, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
318. SENECIO.
Page 263.
(1231.) S. palustris, Hook. On Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg.
(J. M. Macoun.)
(1234.) S. lugens, Richards. Sides of ravines, Cypress Hills,
N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Quite common in low grounds from the.
Kananaskis to Silver City, up the Bow River valley, and on Castle.
Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. foliosus, Gray. On the summits of the higher mountains
at Canmore and Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains ; and
summit of Coast Range above Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) The two latter
references were attached to var. exaltatus in Part II.
Page 264. 3
(1235.) S. integerrimus, Nutt. On the Cypress Hills, at the
source of Maplé Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
Page 265. é aoe
(1237.) S. aureus, Linn. Var. Balsamitze, Torr. & Gray.
Grand Falls, of St. John, and Lily Lake, N.B. (/owler’s Cat.) On
Sand, Pelee Point, Lake Erie, Ont. (Burgess.) Abundant in the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, from Morley westward in low valleys.
(Macoun.) North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, B. C.
(Dawson.)
Var. borealis, Torr. & Gray. Nachvak, coast of Labrador.
(R. Bell.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.)
Var. croceus, Gray. Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains, 1881. (Dawson.) In low grounds at Silver City and
Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; and along the Wait-a-bit at
Donald, Columbia valley, B.C. (Macoun.)
Var. compactus, Gray. Crow Nest Pass, cast of the lake, Rocky
Mountains, 1883. (Davwson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 555
Page 266.
(1238.) S. canus, Hook. On dry gravelly slopes, from Morley
westward to Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the
mountains at Spence’s Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
%
(1239.) For S. Fremonti, T. &Gr., read S. Fremonti, T. & Gr.
Var. occidentalis, Gray. On the summit of Castle Mountain and
the higher summits about Kicking forse Lake, Rocky Mountains.
Altitude, 7,000-8,000 feet. (Macoun.)
Page 267. a
(1242.) S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. Abundant along the south
shore of James Bay, between Moose Factory and Rupert River.
Scarcely above high water mark. (J. M. Macoun.) Mingan Islands.
(St. Cyr.)
(1245.) S. triangularis, Hook. Abundant in ravines high up
on the mountains, from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Moun
tains to the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.),
(2184.) S. petrzeus, Klatt. Western summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. Dawson.) Referred to S. resedifolius,
in Part IT.
(2185.) S. sypvaticus Linn. Waste grounds, of sparing occur-
rence in Nova Scotia. (Gray.)
~
319. CACALIA.
Page 268. :
(1249.) C. tuberosa, Nutt. Not rare in swampy grounds at
Saugeen, Bruce Co., Ont.
323. CNICUS.
Page 269.
(1255.) C. Pitcheri, Torr. Sand-banks on the shores of Cock-
burn Island, Lake Huron, 1866. (J. Beil.)
(1257.) ©. pumilus, Torr. Drummond Island, Lake Huron,
1866. (J. Bell.) Fishing Islands, Bruce Peninsula, Lake Huron,
1871. (Macoun.)
Page 271.
(1261.) C. foliosus, Gray. In profusion in a small wet prairie,
one mile west of Silver City, along the Canadian Pacific railway,
Rocky sal (Macoun.)
2
556 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
(1263.) ©. Hookerianus, Gray. North Fork of Old Man River,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
(2186.) C. eriocephalus, Gray. Abundant on the lower slopes
of the mountains from the Kananaskis westward to Kicking Horse
Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(1294.) ©. edulis, Gray. North-west Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) At base of Mount Finlayson and
at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
325. SAUSSUREA.
(1267.) S. alpina, DC. Var. Ledebouri, Gray. On the summits
of the higher Rocky Mountains, from Canmore westward to Kicking
Horse Lake. (Macoun.)
326. CENTAUREA.
Page 272.
(1268.) ©. nigra, Linn. At Brigus and Topsail, east of Newfound-
land. (R. Bell.)
(1269.) ©. cyayus, Linn. Waste places and sandy commons, Lon-
don, Ont. (Burgess.) Vacant lats, Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
330. LAMPSANA.
Page 273.
(1276.) L. communis, Linn. Woods, Queenston Heights, Ont,
(Millman.) Vacant lots, Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
331. CREPIS.
(1279.) ©. occidentalis, Nutt. East end of Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.)
Page 274.
For var. crinita, Gray, read C. occidentalis, Nutt. Var.
glandulosa, Torr. All the specimens, besides being canescent, have
numerous dark glandular hairs on stem, leaves, and involucral scales.
It is quite distinct from var. crinita of Washington Territory. On the
mountain at back of Spence’s Bridge, B.C. ( Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF OANADIAN PLANTS. 557
(1280.) C. runcinata, Torr. & Gray. Abundant in low saline
spots in the foot-hills and westward to Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)
-(1282.) ©. mana, Richards. On earthy slopes on the summits of
the higher mountains, from Canmore to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)
(2187.) ©. acuminata, Nutt. On dry gravelly slopes along the
Kicking Horse River at Golden City, Columbia valley, B.C., 1885.
(Macoun.)
332. HIERACIUM.
Page 275.
(2188.) H. avrantiacum, Linn. Golden Hawkweed. Magog, East-
ern Townships, Q. (Girouz.)
(1285.) Hi. murorum, Linn. On waste ground on the top of the
cliffs at Point Lévis, Quebec. (Macoun.) In Part IL, this was
included in the next.
(1286.) H. vulgatum, Fries. Island of Orleans and Tadousac,
P.Q. (St. Cyr.)
Page 276.
(1294.) H. Scouleri, Hook. On gravelly hills along Kicking
Horse River, at Golden City, Columbia valley, B.C. (Macoun.)
(1296.) H. gracile, Hook. On the higher slopes of the Rocky
Mountains, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, Lat 51°.
(Macoun.)
Var. detonsum, Gray. Near the summit of the north mountain
at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; also in mountain woods
near McLeod’s Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 277.
(1297) H. albiflorum, Hook. On the lower slopes of the moun-
tains at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; also along the Cana-
dian Pacific Railway near Stony Creek, Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.)
Recky hillsides near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) North
Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)
333. LEONTODON.
(2189.) L. uisprpum, Linn. Abundant in and around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Meehan & Fletcher.)
558 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
583. PICRIS, Linn.
(2190.) P. hieracioides, Linn. Var. Japonica, Regel. Sitka,
Mertens. according to Herder. (Gray.)
(2191.) P. Ecurorpes, Linn.
Helmintha echioides, Linn.
Springing up from kitchen refuse, St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)
Along the roadside between Clifton and Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
335. TROXIMON.
(1301.) T. glaucum, Nutt. Var. parviflorum, Gray. Dry
gravelly soil, on the hills at the mouth of Kicking Horse River, Golden
City, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 278.
Var. dasycephalum, Torr. & Gray. Common on prairies and
dry gravelly spots, from Morley westward through the Rockies to
Donald, in the Columbia valley. (dMacoun.)
(1302.) T. aurantiacum, Hook. On prairies, mountain slopes,
beds of snow-slides, and by brooks in the Rocky Mountains, from Silver
City to Kicking Horse Lake, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) <A variety with
long narrow and laciniate leaves and purple flowers, was collected
at the same time. All Dr. Dawson’s Rocky Mountain specimens,
referred to T. gracilens, belong here.
336. TARAXACUM.
Page 279.
(1308.) T. officinale, Weber. Var. alpinum, Koch. On
rocky soil at Nachvak, and Nain, coast of Labrador ; also at Cape
Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) On the higher
summits, around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 280.
Var. lividum, Koch. Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (2. Bell.) Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory,
and Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Very common on all
mountain sides, extending from Morley through the Rocky Mountains
to Donald, in the Columbia valley. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 559
Var. scopulorum, Gray. Western summit of South Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Common on the summits of
Copper and Castle Mountains, at Silver City and westward to the high
mountains at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
337. LACTUCA.
(1314.) L. leucophgzea, Gray. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Not uncommon around Ottawa. (Macoun.)
338. PRENANTHES.
Page 282.
(1316.) P. alba, Linn. The London reference to P. serpentaria,
belongs here.
(1317.) P. serpentaria, Pursh. Along the Richibucto River,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) At Quispamois, N.B. (Hay.)
(1319.) P. racemosa, Michx. Little Sheldrake River, Q.
(St. Cyr.)
341. TRACOPOCON.
Page 284.
(1327.) T. porriroLius, Linn. Around Lotbiniére,Q. (St. Cyr.)
Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
344, LOBELIA.
Page 286,
(1336.) L. Kalmii, Linn. Rather rare, along the Columbia River,
at Donald, B.C. (Macoun.)
345. SPECULARIA.
(1338.) S. perfoliata, A. DC. Drew’s Harbor, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C. (Dawson.) Mount Finlayson, Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)
346. CAMPANULA.
Page 287. Ss
(1341.) C. uniflora, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape
Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Digges Island, and Eskimo Village
of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
560 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1343.) ©. Scheuchzeri, Vill., and var. heterodoxa, Gray,
of Part IL., are to be referred to C. rotundifolia, Linn. Dr. Gray, in
the supplement to Parts LIT. of his Synoptical Flora of North Amer-
ica, arranges them as follows.
Page 288.
(1344.) C. rotundifolia, Linn. Petty Harbor, Newfoundland.
(R. Bell.) Very abundant in the Rocky Mountains, from the Kana-
naskis to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.)
Var. arctica, Lange.
C, linifolia, var. Langsdorfiana, A. DC. Hook. Fl. II., 27.
C. rotundifolia, var. linifolia, Gray, Man., 285, 1868.
This is the one—few flowered form and ranges, from Canada and
Labrador to the arctic regions. (Gray.) Nachvak, coast of Labrador ;
Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
Watscheeshoo, north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, (St. Cyr.)
On mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspé, and at Salt Lake and
Jupiter River, Anticosti. (iMacoun.)
Var. Alaskana, Gray.
C. linifolia, var. heterodoxa, Ledeb., and Scheuchzeri, var. heterodoxa, Gray
Synoptical Flora, Part I., 12, chiefly.
Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1346) ©. Scouleri, Hook. Not uncommon at Sooke and
Comox, Vancouver Island, (Dawson.)
349. VACCINIUM.
Page 290.
(1353.) WV. Canadense, Kalm. On sandy or gravelly slopes
along the Wait-a-bit, near Donald, Columbia valley. (Macoun.)
(1354.) V. vacillans, Solander. There is still much doubt regard-
ing this species, and the only authentic specimens in our collection
were gathered at Port Dover Junction, Ont. (Macoun.) The Toronto
and London specimens are to be excluded. (Burgess,)
(1355.) V. corymbosum, Linn. Apparently Rare. Grand
Lake, and St. Stephen, N.B. (Hay & Vroom.)
Page 291.
Var. atrococcum, Gray. Richibucto River, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) Vicinity of Toronto, Ont. (Burgess.) .
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 561
(1356.) V. uliginosum, Linn. Common on the coast of Labra-
dor, at Nain, Nachvak and Ford’s Harbor ; also on the islands and
mainland, Hudson Strait. (. Bell.) Amongst rocks, Watscheeshoo,
north shore'of Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.)
(1358.) V. czespitosum, Michx. St. Francis River and Upper
St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Quite common on lower levels, from Morley
through the Rockies to the summit of the Selkirks. (acoun.)
Page 292.
(1359.) V. Myrtillus, Linn., var. microphyllum, Hook.
Abundant in mountain woods, from Silver City in the Rocky Moun-
tains to the summit of the Selkirks, (dacoun.) Ripe berries like
red currants in color.
(1360.) V. myrtilloides, Gray. Var. rigidum, Hook. Very
abundant in mountain woods, from Silver City in the Rocky Moun-
tains westward to the Selkirk summit, at which point the beds of snow-
slides are covered with this and the next species. It bears an abun-
dance of large flat-topped, dark-colored, pleasant-tasted berrries, while
V. ovalifolium, growing by its side, has rather oval, bluish berries,
often covered with a bloom and very acid.
(1361.) V. ovalifolium, Smith. On beds of snow-slides at Kicking
Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; and extremely abundant in the same
situations at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 293.
(1363.) V. ovatum, Pursh. North Point of Texada Island, Gulf
of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)
361. CHIOCENES.
Page 204.
(1367.) C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray. In swamps at Donald,
Columbia valley, and westward to the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
353. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
(1369.) A. alpina, Spreng. Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labrador ;
also Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales and the Eskimo Village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (4. Bell.) Grand Mécatina Island, Straits of
Belle Isle. (St. Cyr.)
562 GEOLOGICAL SURVRY OF CANADA.
354. CAULTHERIA.
Page 295.
(1372.) G. Myrsinites, Hock. Abundant on the summits of
Mount Dawson and Glacier Mountain, summits of the Selkirks, B.C.
(Macoun.)
356. CASSIOPE.
Page 296.
(1378.) C. hypnoides, Don. At Nain, coast of Labrador ; also
at Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (2. Bell.)
Page 297.
(1381.) ©. tetragona, Don. Abundant along the coast of La-
brador at Nachvak ; also on the coasts and islands of Hudson Straits.
(R. Bell.)
360. LOISELEURIA.
Page 298,
(1386.) L. procumbens, Desy. Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labra-
dor. (&. Bell.) Amongstrocks, Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.) Mouth
of the Stickene River, Alaska. (Cowley.)
361. BRYANTHUS.
Page 299,
(1388.) B. Crahamii, Hook. We still retain this name, but the
probabilities are that this is B. empetriformis, var. intermedius, Gray.
Specimens from the west coast are still wanting to decide the question.
(1389.) B. taxifolius, Gray. Nain, Nachvak, and Ford’s Harbor,
coast of Labrador.. (A. Bell.)
(1391.) B. glanduliflorus, Gray. On the summits of the Rocky
Mountains, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, B.C.
(Macoun.)
363. LEDUM.
Page 301.
(1395.) L. palustre, Linn. Ford’s Harbor, and Nachvak, coast
of Labrador; also Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, and Ashe’s
Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
(1397.) L. glandulosum, Nutt. Two specimens, in leaf only,
gathered on Castle Mountain, above Silver City, Rocky Mountains, are
doubtfully referred here. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 563
364. RHODODENDRON.
(1399.) R. albiflorum, Hook. Abundant on the higher moun-
tain slopes, from Silver City in the Rockies, westward to the Selkirk
summit, (Macoun.)
Page 302.
(1403.) For R. macrophyllum, read R. Californicum, Hook.
Mountains between Hope and the Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)
Flowers over an inch long and corolla rose purple.
(1405.) R. Lapponicum, Wahl. Nachvak, coast of Labrador.
(R. Bell.)
365. MENZIESIA.
Page 303.
(1406.) M. glabella, Gray. Very abundant in all mountain
woods, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, where it
forms much of the brush on the beds of snow-slides. (MMacoun.)
(1407.) M. ferruginea, Smith. Summit of Yale Mountain, B.C.
(Fletcher.) Lake Karmutsen, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
367. PYROLA.,
(1409.) P. minor, Linn. “Rather rare in cool woods at Silver
City, and westward to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Agassiz, Fraser River, B.C. (Hletcher.)
Page 304.
(1412.) P. elliptica, Nutt. In cool damp woods along Beaver
Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. A very stout and coarse form.
(Macoun.)
Page 305.
(1413.) P. rotundifolia, Linn. Var. bracteata, Gray. In thick
woods along Beaver and Bear Creeks, Selkirk Mountains, B.C.
(Macoun.) Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. (letcher.)
Var. pumila, Hook. Quite common along the Labrador coast,
and on the islands and coasts of Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
Page 306. :
(1414.) P. picta, Smith. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (fletcher.)
22
564 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
(1415.) P. aphylla, Smith. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (fletcher.)
371. ALLOTROPA.
Page 307.
(1421.) A. virgata, Torr. & Gray. Mount Finlayson, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island, (letcher.)
374. DIAPENSIA.
Page 308.
(1424.) D. Lapponica, Linn. Nain, and Ford’s Harbor, coast
of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, and Upper Savage Islands, Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.)
376. ARMERIA.
(1426.) A. vulgaris, Willd. Nain, and Nachvak, coast of La-
brador ; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (A. Bell.) Mingan islands, and on Grand Mécatina
Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.)
377. PRIMULA.
Page 309.
(1427.) P. farinosa, Linn. Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.)
(1428.) P. Mistassinica, Michx. Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.)
One of the commonest plants at Lake Mistassini. (J. 1. Macoun.)
Along the Bow River flats and sands, from Morley westward to Laggan
and thence to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(2192.) P. Egaliksensis, Hornem. Northern Labrador. (Lieut.
Turner fide Gray.)
378. ANDROSACE.
Page 311.
(1435.) A. Chamzejasme, Host. Abundant on gravelly soil,
and along Bow River, from Morley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains,
where it ascends to 7,500 feet. (Macoun.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 565
380. DODECATHEON.
Page 312,
(1440.) D. Meadia, Linn. Quite common at Morley and Kana-
naskis, and westward to Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. frlgidum, Gray. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)
331. TRIENTALIS.
Page 313.
(1442.) T. Europoea, Linn. Var. arctica, Ledeb. Sparingly in
the valleys of Beaver and Bear Creeks, Selkirk Mountains, B. C.
(Macoun.) In a swamp on Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
Var. latifolia, Torr. At Comox, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
383. LYSIMACHIA.
Page 314,
(1449.) L. nummuLaria, Linn. Escaped freely in St. James’ Ceme-
tery, Toronto. (Milliman.)
390. APOCYNUM.
Page 317.
(1462.) A. androszemifolium, Linn. Taking the glabrous
form as the type, we retain the other two varieties, and correct our
statements regarding distribution. On grassy open slopes, never
ascending high up in the mountains, from Morley to Donald, Columbia
valley. (Macoun.)
Var. incanum, A. DC. London, Ont., and Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.) Fraser River valley, B.C. (A, Bowman.)
Page 318.
(1463.) A. cannabinum, Linn. Var. pubescens, Torr. Low
thickets, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
392. ACERATES.
Page 3820. : :
(2193.) A. longifolia, Ell.
Asclepias longifolia, Michx. Fl. 1., 116, mainly.
A. viridiflora, var. lanceolata, Part II., in part.
On the sand beaches of Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Sand
beach at Point Edward, foot of Lake Huron. (J M. Macoun.)
566 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
394. CENTIANA.
Page 322.
(1480.) Cc. Amarella, Linn. Var. acuta, Hook. f. Fort
Churchill, Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.) Common along stream banks and
grassy slopes, from Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to
Donald, Columbia valley. (Macoun.) Pointe Trinité, north shore of
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Regina, N.W.T. (WN. H. Cowdry.)
(1482.) C. propinqua, Richards. On the summit of Castle
Mountain, and the mountains around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 323,
(1484.) G. quinqueflora, Lam. On dry hillsides, rare, London,
Ont. (Burgess.)
Page 324.
(1494.) For C. affinis, Griseb., read CG. Forwoodii, Gray.
This species is just published and includes all the perfectly smooth
specimens we placed under this number in Part IL Douglas and
Drummond’s plants, very likely, belong to the next.
(1495.) For G. puberula, Michx., read C. affinis, Griseb.
(1497.) G. Andrewsii, Griseb. Valcartier, Quebec Co., Q. (St.
Cyr.) In numerous places around London, Ont. (Burgess & Saunders.)
Page 325.
(1499.) G. linearis, Frel. Var. lanceolata, Gray. Root
River, 100 miles north of the Lake of the Woods. (Faweett.)
(2194.) C. nivalis, Linn. Labrador, collected by Moravian
Missionaries. (Gray.)
402. PHLOX.
Page 328. ;
(1510.) P. divaricata, Linn. Point Richardson, near Quebec.
(St. Cyr.)
(1511.) P. subulata, Linn. Sandy soil near Lake Erie, Char-
lotteville Township, Norfolk Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
404. CILIA.
Page 330.
(1526.) . intertexta, Steud. Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 567
405. POLEMONIUM.
(1533.) P. czeruleum, Linn. Grassy swamp, between Elbow
and Jumping Pound rivers, Rocky Mountain foot-hills. (Dawson.)
406. HYDROPHYLLUM.
(1536.) H. Virginicum, Linn. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.)
409. PHACELIA.
Page 333,
(1541.) P. circinata, Jacq. f Elk River valley, B.C. (Dawson.)
(1542.) P. sericea, Gray. Abundant on the upper slopes of the
mountains at the Kananaskis, Canmore and Silver City, Bow River
valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Var. Lyallii, Gray. On the slopes of the Mount Carroll, Bear
Creek, and other mountains at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (dacoun.)
413. CYNOCLOSSUM.
Page 335.
(1550.) C. Virginicum, Linn. Woods, along the shore, Island
of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.)
(2195.) ©. occidentale, Gray. Specimens collected, July, 1885,
on the dry slopes of the Columbia valley at Donald, are referred to this
species, but Dr. Gray, in the absence of fruiting specimens, is still in
doubt whether they may not rather be placed with C. Virginicum.
414. ECHINOSPERMUM.
(1553.) E. floribundum, Lehm. Abundant in grassy places at
Kananaskis station, and westward to Canmore, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Calgary, N.W.T. (St. Cyr Herb.) Along Fraser River
above Yale, B.C. (letcher.)
(2196.) E. diffusum, Lehm. (Not of p. 189 of Synop. Fl.)
E. deflexum, Lehm. Part I., in part.
Northern Montana and British Columbia. (Gray.) Dr. Dawson’s
568 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
specimens from the Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, under E. deflecum,
evidently belong here. Mountain slopes at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)
Psge 836.
(1555.) E. Virginicum, Lehm. Specimens collected in New
Brunswick, at Eel River, and referred to #. Lappula, belong here,
1885. (Fowler's Cat.) Carleton, St. John Co., N.B. (Hay.)
(1556.) E. Lappota, Lehm. In waste places around the citadel
at Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Introduced along the Canadian Pacific rail-
way at Morley and Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(1557.) E. Redowskii, Lehm. Var. occidentale, Watson.
Not uncommon at Silver City, Rocky Mountains. Evidently intro-
duced from the prairie. (Macoun.) In the vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(2197.) E. brachycentrum, Ledeb. Var. brachystylum,
Gray. Dry soil, Spence’s Bridge, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.) Dr. Gray,
who named this, indicates that it is new to North America.
415. ERITRICHIUM.
Page 387.
(1561.) For E. Chorisianum, A. DC., read E. Torreyi, Gray.
On dry ground at Lytton, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)
(1562.) For E. fulvum, A. DC., read E. Scouleri, A. DC. Fine
specimens collected in 1885 and determined by Dr. Gray.
(1563.) E. tenellum, Gray. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)
(2198.) E. circumscissum, Gray.
Lithospermum circumscissum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 370.
Through the dry region to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)
416. AMSINCKIA.
Page 338.
(1568.) A. intermedia, Fisch. & Meyer. Cedar Hill, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
(1569.) A. lycopsoides, Lehm. Var. bracteosa, Gray. Mary
Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 569
* 418. MYOSOTIS.
Page 340.
(1578.) M. sylvatica, Hoffm. Var. alpestris, Koch. Very
abundant on the upper slopes of Canmore, Copper and Castle Moun-
tains, Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 341.
(1580.) M. verna, Nutt. Var. macrosperma, Chapm. Not
uncommon at Cedar Hill and other places around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)
(2199.) Ml. versicotor, Pers. In low ground at Cedar Hill, near
Victoria and at Erquimalt, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
419. LITHOSPERMUM.
(1582.) L. orricinaLe, Linn. Waste places in Quebec City around
the citadel. (St. Cyr.)
(1584.) L. pilosum, Nutt. Common on open stony prairies,
about Morley and westward to “The Gap,” Bow River valley, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 342.
(1587.) L. angustifolium, Michx. Common around Morley
and westward, but not in the Rocky Mountains; also in the Columbia
valley at Donald, B.C. (Macoun.)
420. ONOSMODIUM.
Page 343.
(1589.) O. Virginianum, DC. Dr. Burgess points out that the
London specimens so named in Part II. are probably O. Carolinianum.
426. CONVOLVULUS.
Page 345.
(1596.) ©. Soldanella, Linn. On sandy shore of Savary Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C., 1885. (Dawson.)
(1598.) C. sepium, Linn. Turtle Mountain, N.W.T. (Burgess.)
Regina, N.W.T. (WV. H. Cowdry.) Dr. Dawson’s specimens referred
to var. repens belong here. Island of Orleans, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
570 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
427. CUSCUTA.
Page 347.
(1602.) ©. salina, Engelm. Hernando Island, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C. (Dawson.)
439. COLLINSIA.
Page 353.
(1635.) C. parviflora, Dougl. On the mountain slopes at Spence’s
Bridge, B.C. (letcher.)
442. PENTSTEMON.
Page 354.
(1639.) P. Menziesii, Hook. On the summits of the higher
mountains at Canmore, Silver City and about Kicking Horse Lake,
Rocky Mountains. (Magoun.)
Page 355,
(1641.) P. acuminatus, Dougl. Abundant on the dry gravelly
banks of the Bow River, near Morley, Rocky Mountains. (JMacoun.)
(1642.) For P. cristatus, Nutt., read P. albidus, Nutt., and
take out the synonym, P. erianthera, Pursh. Fl. I, 737.
(1644.) P. confertus, Dougl. Extremely abundant from Can-
more to Laggan, but found as far east ay Kananaskis station, Bow
River valley, Rocky Mountains. (dMacoun.)
Var. czeruleo-purpureus, Gray. Rather common around
Morley, and Kananaskis station, but not westward, in the Bow River
valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Spence’s Bridge, B.C, (Fletcher.)
Page 357.
(1650.) For P. venustus, Dougl., read P. Lyallii, Gray, as to
Dawson’s specimens. For Macoun’s, read P. Menziesti. On the bor-
ders of British Columbia, Lyall., 1861. (Gray.)
443. MIMULUS.
(1653.) M. Lewisii, Pursh. Abundant especially along moun-
tain torrents, in the valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Pitt Meadows, B.C. (A. J. Hill.)
(1655.) For M. Jamesii, Torr. & Gray, read M. glabratus,
HBK. Var Jamesii, Gray. Supplement, Synop. Fl. 447. Thornhill,
York Co., Ont. (St. Cyr.)
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 571
Page 358.
(1656.) M. luteus, Linn. Dr. Gray, in his supplement, seems to
make the typical form of this species to belong exclusively to the
coast. Following out this view we place all our Rocky Mountain
specimens under the variety.
Var. alpinus, Gray. Abundant in some stream valleys, but more
particularly about mountain springs and cascades in the narrow valleys
of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
(2200.) M. nasutus, Greene. This species has been confounded
with M. luteus in our collections as a depauperate form of that species,
but it is easily separated by its usually laciniate leaves and being purely
annual, At Victoria, Vancouver Island, it flowers very early and dies
away, the seeds germinate during the autumn rains, and the young
plants are ready to flower in April. Gathered by all collectors. Dr.
Gray, in his supplement, gives its range to British Columbia.
(2201.) M. floribundus, Dougl. Occasionally found on over-
flowed places along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C.
(Macoun.)
(1658.) M. moschatus, Dougl. Junction of the Quebec and St.
John Railway, Q. (St. Cyr.) Possibly a garden escape.
449. VERONICA.
Page 361.
(1674.) V. alpina, Linn, Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh, Hudson
Strait. (&. Bell.) Abundant in mountain meadows and along brooks,
from Silver City westward in the Bow River valley, Rocky Mountains,
also common at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
450. CERARDIA.
Page 364.
(1685.) G. tenuifolia, Vahl. The Lonely Lake specimens refer-
red to this species, belong to the variety added below.
Var. asperula, Gray, Supplement, Syn. Fl. 452. Stony Moun-
tain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) It is probable that this form is Douglas’s
plant and has been confounded with the G. aspera of the south, which
is quite distinct from the Manitoba plant. The locality may be the
same with that from which Douglas obtained his specimens,
23
572 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
451. CASTILLEIA.
Page 365,
(1688.) ©. miniata, Dougl. Very common in thickets and tall
grass, from Morley westward in the Bow River valley and across the
mountains to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Sooke, Vancouver Island.
(Dawson.)
(1689.) C. pallida, Kunth. Var. septentrionalis, Gray.
Ford’s Harbor and Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; also Fort Churchill,
Hudson Bay. (&. Bell.) Not uncommon in the Bow River valley
westward to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
454. BARTSIA.
Page 367.
(1697.) B. alpina, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R. Beil.)
455. PEDICULARIS.
Page 368.
(1702.) P. Croenlandica, Retz, Nachvak, coast of Labrador,
and Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Abundant in marshy
meadows and along brooks, from Morley westward in the Bow River
valley to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
(1703.) P. racemosa, Dougl. On the higher slopes of the
Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake ; also on the Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, B.C. (AMacoun.)
(1704.) P. Lapponica, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador, and
Stupart’s Bay, Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait. (R. Beil.)
(1706.) P. euphrasioides, Stephan. Ford’s Harbor, coast of
Labrador. (R. Beil.)
Page 369.
(1707.) P. palustris, Linn. Var. Wlassoviana, Bunge. In
wet places along the north side of the Island of Orleans, near Quebec.
(St. Cyr.)
(1708.) P. Canadensis, Linn. Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
(1710.) P. lanceolata, Michx. Wet gravelly river-flat, Saugeen,
Bruce Co., Ont, (Burgess.)
OATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 573
(1711.) P. bracteosa, Benth. Rather common in thickets along
the lower slopes, from Kananaskis through the Rocky Mountains
to the summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 3870.
(1714.) P. hirsuta, Linn. Ford’s Harbor, coast of Labrador,
Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands, Not-
tingham Island and Digges Island, Hudson Strait. (&. Bell.)
1715.) P. flammea, Linn. Ford’s Harbor and Nachvak, coast
of Labrador ; also Cape Chudleigh, Digges and Mansfield Islands, and
the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (&. Beil.)
(2202.) P. contorta, Benth. Abundant on the north slope of Castle
Mountain, at an altitude of 7,000 feet, Bow River valley, Rocky Moun-
tains, 1885. (Macoun.)
456. RHINANTHUS.
Page 371,
1718.) R. Grista-galli, Linn. Neighborhood of Quebec. (St.
Cyr.) Grassy slopes along the Bow River valley at Kananaskis station,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (#letcher.)
460. BOSCHNIAKIA.
Page 374.
(1727.) B. Hookeri, Walp. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (letcher.) The specimens agree fully with
Hooker’s figure and description.
“462. UTRICULARIA.
Page 374.
(1734.) U. intermedia, Hayne. In sandy pools and wet marshy
spots along the Bow River at Silver City, Rocky Mountains ; also in
marshes along Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.)
463. PINCUICULA.
Page 376.
“(1739.) P. vulgaris, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R,
Bell.) Abundant around Kananaskis station, and westward to Donald
in the Columbia valley. Chiefly along the immediate banks of rivers.
(Macoun.)
Missing Page
Missing Page
PAGH
Abies, Juss ......ss cess ceeeen vere 473
GLDOs. POUT seis lel aieressiaitanae eines 469
Albertiana, Murray ...+..+-+-- 471
amabilis, Forbes.......--.+++ 475
amabilis, Murray.-..+s...ee ee 474
arctica, Murray ..+--.2+ eeeeee 469
balsamea, Miller......-.---+- 473
balsamifera, MX ......60 eee 473
bifolia, Murray ..--+eee seer eeee 474
Canadensis, Desf.....++1+e+0+e 471
denticulata, Mx.....---2 eee 468
Douglasii, Lindl........--.+6+ 472
var. taxifolia, Gordon ..... 472
Engelmanni, Parry ....-.....- 470
Gordoniana, Carr...++ seer ceee 474
grandis, Lindl...............- 474
grandis, Murray...-+eseeeseee 475
grandis, Engelm..... acenetie eta 474
var. densiflora, Eng........
Hookeriana, Murray.....-..+.
Menziesti, Lindl .......- sieheenes
Mertensiana, Lindl............
microcarpa, Poir......++ see.
mucronata, Raf...e..++.seeee
MiGra, POW. see sseereeee revere
nigra, Engelm....seeeseeeeees
nigra, var. rubra, Mx.....-..+.
Pattoniana, Jeffrey .....-..-..
Pattonii, McNab. ..seeeee seven
pendula, POIr...++ccececeevees
TUDE, POUL. -ceeee ceeeee ceeees
var. cerulea, Lindl. & Gord..469
Sitchensis, Lindl. & Gord..-..++ 470
subalpina, Engelm........... 474
Williamsonii, Vasey .....--+-- 472
Abronia, JUSS. +++ ..se eee rece eece 395
arenaria, Menz......+++e0+.. 396
« latifolia, Esch...... cece eee 396
umbellata, Lam........+..-6. 895
Abutilon, Tourn ..........e00.00- 87
Avicenne, Geertn......... 87, 501
Acalypha, L....sceee ceeeee ceeeee 427
Caroliniand, 2060 vececscecees 427
Wirginica,. esses ensue ceaaes 427
ACANTHACEAE (LEXIV).-44..ceceeeee 377
Acer, TOUIN ..-- .eecee eee neeeees 98
barbatum, Doug] ....+. ....e0 ss 99
barbatum, Mx.... cee seee eee 99
circinatum, Pursh..... prea « 98
PAGE,
coccinewm, Mx. f....+. «eee oe. 99
dasycarpum, Ehrh..... aaearores fe
eriocarpum, MX. .seserecereee
glabrum, Torr........ ...s08 99, 604
macropbyllum, Pursh ........ 98
montanum, Ait..ceerececsnece
Negundo, Lisissaxnseenteseneds
nigrum, Mx. f..... ‘
Pennsylvanicum, L...........
PUL ARI Ty ose jaccerecoin ie aha nia aio arn
saccharinum, Wang
var. nigrum, T. & G......- 99
saccharinum, MX...ceee cree eee 99
spicatum, Lam........ .-..0. 98
striatum, Du Roi ......++.+++- 98
tripartitum, Nutt .......+..-6. 99
Acerates, Ell...... OSaneTaconinas es 320
longifolia, Ell.......-......-. 565
viridiflora, Ell.......... eo. - 820
var. lanceolata, Gr. . +320
var. linearis, Gr..... «+2320
Achillea: Les ce: sowie yet ceents 251
borealis, Bong........- vaiacoe fiatase 251
Millefolium, L.......2. cesses 251
var. lanata, Koch..... 251, 552
var. nigrescens, E. Meyer...552
multiflora, oe SUG RAs ese 251
Ptarmica, L..
Ptarmica, Rich. i suayatauniaenrales en Ree y
SUDIPICR, eveisicsevosonseaccdeeidias asst
tomentosa, Pursh
Achl ys, Hook s.+0+0000c6e0e eoee ces
triphylla, DC... ..............
PCOS), Li cassie: ests eee sets ters aavers
altissima, Mx.......-..05-20-
cannabina,var. concatenata,Moq.397
ruscocarpa, Gr......... eeeeee 397
rusocarpd, MX... sess rece veee 397
rusocarpa, Moq...+.+.seeeseee 397
tuberculata, Mog....... 0.0... 397
Aconitum, Diep nehe cea. 26
Columbianum, Nutt.........05 26
delphinifolium, DCs esis viewers 26
Fischeri, Reich .............. 26
pNapellus, Le. ccese ceeeee cceeee 26
Napellus, var. delphinifolium,
SOQIN G0 ave seeieorieie erg tie eieisiares 26
nasutum, Fisch........seeseee 26
nasutum, Hook.........-e008. 26
578
Acteea, Lint. ..s. seeceeeeeeecees 27
alba, Bigelow.......-..++.-+- 27
Americana, var.a., Pursh ..--- 27
Americana, var ;3., Pursh...... 27
Argutd, Nutt. ..esecessceccsees 27
brachypetala, var. 8., Rich.....- 27
cimicifuga, Hook ..---+0--. eee 27
palmata, Hook.......-+ .-..0e 26
TACEMOSA, Lise sce ae eo cindnns 27
rubra, Willd...+.-20-.eeeeees 27
spicata, var. alba, L..-.......- 27
spicata, L., var. arguta, Torr... 27
var. rubra, Ait.--.+. s+. 27
Actinella, Pers...... eseece seeeee 250
acaulis, Nutt......+.eeeeneeee 250
lanata, Pursh «...+. .sseee sees 249
Richardsonii, Nutt....... 250, 552
Actinomeris, Nutt..-........00..- 246
alternifolia, DC..... tpaaa ieee 3
squarrosa, Nutt
Adenocaulon, Hook..
bicolor, Hook...........+
ieee Leases
Meschatellina, 1
®sculus, L
Hippocastanum, L........... 98
A&thusa, L
Cynapium, L...
Agrimonia, Tourn. .
i es
Eupatoria, L.....-....--.
var. parviflora, Hook..... 142
Eupatoria, Mx ..-..-.-- eee eee 142
parviflora, Ait........+-.-.ee- 142
pilosa, Ledeb .. Se eed Ce
striata, I Mincssweds ate nase ac 142
suaveolens, Purslieicstecec cso odds 142
Agrostemma Githago, L.......--.++ 69
Ailanthus, Desf..........+.e0+-0- 93
glandulosus, Desh, sss aaisivs’s 93
Ajuga, Lis... sss cece eee eieseons 380
reptans, L....---..... see eee 380
Alchemilla, Tourn...........-... 142
Aphanes, Pursh....-+-.-..0+-- 142
arvensis, Scop......----.++5- 142
cuneifolia, Nutt.......+ 2.0.0. 142
occidentalis, Nutt ....... 2.265 142
vulgaris, L........2. eee, 142,518
Allionia hirsuta, Pursh....... ...004 395
linearis, Pursh..-......00-008 395
nyctagined, MX....-..+-ee eee 395
Allotropa, T. & G.. 1... eee cece eens 307
virgata, T.& G.. -.+-307, 564
Alnus, Gertn....-. 0. cece es cee eee 437
crispa, Pursh..--+--ssee eeeeee 438
laucd, MX casceceeee vse a see 438
glutinosa, Rich.......-..--.... 38
glutinosa, Pursh..-.-..+++.+-, 37
incana, Willd................ 438
var. glauca, GI.....6 eee eee 438
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
var. virescens, Wat.
rhombifolia, Nutt.......... .
rubra, Bong.......2+20. eeeeee
serrulata, Holmes, Cat.........
undulata, Willd... ....-+++06
viridis, DC. ...... e-+000 -seeee
Alsine Grenlandica, Gray....-..-+
Michauaii, Fenzl. ....-..-+++-
Alyssum, Tourn.....--.+.+2-2 00+
calycinum, L.....--.+.----e+
hyperboreum, L....+.e-ee sees
AMARANTACES (LXXX1)
Amarantus, L.....s.eseeeee eeeee
albus, Tega decauieoanceets sabes
blitoides, Wat asc nnes dees ves
hypochondriacus, L.........-
paniculatus, Linn. ...........
retroflexus, L.....--.2. eee
Ambrosia, Tourn. ...- ....05 ceeeee
acanthicarpa, Hook.....-..---
artemisiefolia, L.....-..-..--
coronopifolia, T. & G.....-see
COOT Vaieie 3 oitisin so didiace aus esere: acai
integrifolia, Muhl......-..+.-.
paniculata, Hook........-.5..
paniculata, Mx.... «---++--+- 240
psilostachya, DC...........+- 240
trifida, Lu casisccses aecces 240, 549
var. integrifolia, T. & G..
Amelanchier, Medic......++..++0: 148
alnifolia, Nutt............
Botryapium, Taillicaatsbancea 148
Canadensis, T. & G.......-006 148
var. alnifolia, T. & G.....- 148
var. oblongifolia, T. & G..149
var. oligocarpa, T. & G....149
var. pumila, T. &G....... 148
var. rotundifolia, T. & G...148
ovalis, DC
ovalis, Hook. ...... 0200 cee eee 148
var. semi-integrifolia, Hook.148
sanguinea, DC. .......eeee eens 149
Amellus spinulosus, Pursh.........- 209
villosus, Pursh....-seeseeeeeee 209
Amida gracilis, Nutt......e+e0..e- 248
hirsuta, Nutt....0.....-5
Ammogeton scorzonerefolium, Schrad.278
Amorpha, Linn............ eee eee 108
canescens, Nutt.......... 108, 506
fruticosa, Lis «ss%02 ise eeieece ee 109
microphylla, Pursh....... 109, 606
NANA, NUtb.. eee ceeececeeseene 109
Ampelopsis, Mx....e0 ss. cee wees - 97
quinquefolia, Mx............ - 97
Amphicarpeea, Ell............+-4- 123
monoica, Ell...... 0.2.0 ee00. 123
Amsinckia, ici aciawe wee cos 338
intermedia, Fisch & Meyer.338, 568
lycopsoides, Lehm, var. brac-
teosa, Gr........ 338, 568
ANACARDIACDE (XXX)... see ce eeeeee 100
INDEX 579
PAGE. PAGD.
Anagallis, Lo... . 2.5 ceceee cee ee 815 | Antennaria, Gertn............... 235
arvensis, L...... 2.26 cece eee 315 alpina, Geertn............ 236, 548
Anaphalis, DC...........6. -..085 237 Carpathica, R. Br........ 236, 548
margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. .237 var.pulcherrima, Hook 287, 548
Andromeda, L......ssccecesecces 297 dimorpha, TP Bos Gnnniccsis-watveres 235
culyculata, Le... esee cece vee 296 dioica, Geertn........ esse eeee 236
cupressina, Hook.........+... 296 var. rosea, Eaton ....286,548
hypnoides, Li... ceescevecevces 296 luzuloides, T. &G..-......... 237
ligustrina, Muhl............. 297 margaritacea, Hook........... 237
lycopodioides, Pall. ......+.-5-+ 296 plantaginifolia, Hook......... 235
paniculata, Ait....c...ee cere ee 297 racemosa, Hook.........+ 235, 548
Polifolia, Liew cn ceeces ewes cede 297 | Anthemis, L........6.-..00 ceveee
racemosa, Pursh...+s.+.-.+.-- 298 arvensis, L
rosmarinifolia, Pursh......... 297 Cotula, L....
Stelleriana, Pall......2. ....e. oe 296 tinctoria, L .....
lelragona,, Uisessarens senses oe 297 | Anthriscus, Pers................. 184
Androsace, Lisscisissee sve wewses 311 vulgaris, Perg..........+..06- 184
Chameejasme, Host. ...... 311,564 | Antirrhinum, L.................. 353
occidentalis, Pursh........... 311 Canadense, Pursh............. 352
septentrionalis, L............ 311 ANLGUNE: PUTS cadre sisipieceseewa wrens 353
Anemone, L.....-.eees cece cece 12 Linaria, Pursh........... pe OOo
aconitifolia, Mx....... cee eee 13 Orontium, L..........6.--0.- 353
acutiloba, Lawson............ 14 | Anychia, Rich................ 8,1 396
alpina; Hook 604 sexesiesissieae 12 Canadense, Elliott...........- 81
Baldensis, Hook.......... 12,478 dichotoma, Mx........... 81, 396
borealis, Rich... 2.0.66. cess sees 12 | Apargia autumnalis, Willd......... 277
cuneifolia, JUSS ....6- eee eeees 12 | Apargidium, T. &G.............. 277
cylindrica, Gray........-..0.. 13 boreale, T. & G..... ce. eee eee 277
decapetala, Li... e. cece cee eeee 478 | Aphragmus Eschscholizianus, Andrz.. 55
deltoidea, Hook..........+-.- 13 | Aphylion, Mitchell............... 372
dichotoma, L............. 13, 478 comosum, Gr.......e eeeee ee 373
Drummondii, Wat...... 02 478 fasciculatum, Gr............. 373
Hepatica, L.....-.. ...00e. 14, 478 Ludovicianum, Gr...........373
Hudsoniana, Rich ..........06 13 pinetorum, Gr...............
lancifolia, Pursh......+. eevee 12 uniflorum, Gr..-........
multifida, DC.........065- 18,478 | Apios, Boer.......... 2.065 aes
narcissiflora, L.........+ eeeeee 14 tuberosa, Moench............
nemorosa, L..........-..008- 12: | Api, Disses wowscssesiae cre taauier
SE eh eh tae 478 lineare, Benth. & Hook
Nuttalliana, DC..... 0.2 eeeee 12 Petroselinum, L...... Sig deer 180
occidentalis, Wat......... 12,477 | Aplopappus acaulis, Gr. var........ 210
parviflora, EN -12,477 lanceolatus, T. & Geese ce seeeee 210
paatenig: Lis a i019:s areswiasessinvsiayarsiey Sea 25 12 Nuttallii, T. & G. wees eee e210
patens, L., var. Nuttalliana, Gr. 12 spinulosus, DC... see eee eens 219
Pennsylvanica, L..ssceveeecees 13 uniflurus, T. & Gewese eee ee eee 200
ranunculoides, var. Rich....... 13 (See Haplopappus. )
Richardsoni, Hook............ 13 | APOCYNSCDE(LXII)...... cece eee 317
Virginiana, L......+...5.. 18,478 | Apocynum, L............ee cee eee 317
Angelica, L......seeecceese cease 185 androsemifolium, L...... 317, 565
atropurpurea, Lind]l........++. 185 var. glabrum.....- ....-. 317
Dawsoni, Wat..........-.405 535 var. incanum, A. DC.317, 565
genuflexa, Nutt.....-........ 185 var. pumilum, Griwsaisvien 318
Tueida, Ls ces asides yanancciecs 185 cannabinum, L.............. 318
lucida, Bart... sce. ceeeee eens 184 var. glaberrimum, DC....318
Lyallii, Wat.... ......-.eeee 535 var. hypericifolium, Gr.. .318
triquinata, MX..+. esses cena ee 185 var pubescens, Torr. 318, 565
triquinata. Nutt ....e..see coos 186 hypericifolium, Ait....... ceeeee 318
Anisocarpus madioides, Nutt....... 248 pubescens, TOYr.....seeeeeceee 318
ANONACEM (LIL) + eee ceceeececcseces 28 | Aquilegia, Tourn..... 9 ......... 24
Anoplanthus fasciculatus, Walp..... 378 brevistyla, Hook.......... 24, 482
Canadensis, L............... 24
uniflorus, Endl.+...-.seeeeeee 372
24
580
PAGR.
Canadensis, Hook.--.++ -ss+00- 24
Canadensis, var. formosa, Wat.. 24
chrysantha, Gre. -sssee ceeeee es 482
flavescens, Wal + Smet Sasa 25, 482
formosa, Fisch.. ats 24, 481
vulgaris, Le... --eeee cee ees 24, 482
ears Rich....+. seeeee rere 24
Arabis, L.....-seee ceeeee econ ees 41
alpina, L....-. .eeeee eee 44, 487
ambigua, DC ....+. ees eee eee 42
Canadensis, L......--+++++e++ 44
canescens, Nutt., var. latifolia,
Wath vvsicwins eee ciesce ss 487
Drummondii, Gr. . 43, 486
var. prachycarpa, Gr..... 43
Drummondii var. alpina, Wat.. i
falcata, MX.-...e eee cece eens
Gerardi, var. borealis...+++++++ re
hesperidoides, Gr. +-++0+ eeeeees 58
heterophylla, Nutt......+-+--+- 44
hirsuta, Scop..--.---eeeee eee 42
Holbcellii, Hornem......-.- 42,486
Jeevigata, Poir.....+seeeeeee-s 44
Lyallii,Wat......---eee ee 43, 487
lyrata, Lo... veeeee sere eeeeee 41
microphylla, Nutt...----++++-- 43
perfoliata, Lam.....-..+.- 43, 487
petreea, Lam. ....-++e sees ie 486
var. ambigua, Regel... 42
reptans, T. & G...se seer scenes
retrofracta, Graham
rhomboidea, Pers......-
rupestris, Nutt......00-- eas
sagittata, DC.....00+ ceeeee eens
sparsiflora, Nutt....-.-..0-+--
stricta, Huds...... 26+ sees
Aralia, Tourn...- .-sse.-eee seen
hispida, Vent....... .s+e+---
nudicaulis, L..........--
quinquefolia, Decaisne. . . .189, 537
racemosa, L......-- sees eee
trifolia, Decaisne. ..
ARALIACRE (XLVI). +++ ese cece eer eee
Arbutus, L.csces cereee cece cereee 294,
alpina, Leese ccecccee seen cece 294
Menziesii, Pursh.........+--- 294
tomentosa, Pursh....-.+e++ see 295
Uvarursi, L. wc cece cece seee ence 295
Arceuthobium, Bieb....... i tite ath Site 422
Americanum, Nutt..-.......- 422
Oxycedri, Bieb...++.-++.-++ ++ 429
robustum, Engelm.. vewe 422
Archangelica, Of Miss scan es es 185
atropurpurea, Hoffm...... 185, 536
Gmelini, DC............- 186, 536
hirsuta, T & G......... eee ee 186
officinalis, GO Kisseccs:s10i 3 sae 23 186
peregrina, Nutt...-...-..--.-. 186
Archemora, DC.......-.... seeeee 188
rigida, DC........-eseeeeee ee 188
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
ie GE
Arctinmy, Ti coe. se esis ss cce tease 268
Lappa, L i date Mp aichiatater ce Se oie, o-eheks 268
var. minus, Gr..... asareters 269
var. tomentosum, Ges aisii 268
Arctostaphylos, Adns....... ...+0. 294
alpina, Spreng.--..-..... 294, 561
tomentosa, Dougl.......... » .295
Uva-ursi, Spreng. .......-..6 295
Arenaria, Tansy errasa csasuce 70
arctica, Stev..scssse cesses sees 71
var. breviscapa, Regel.... 71
arctica, ues B. grandiflora,
ieiaike Sah algerie: ois 71
var. ms obtusa, T. & G..... 71
var. stenopetala, Hook..... 71
biflora, ent var. obtusa,
ese dh apa acetate 71, 496
buxifolia, Pir Rvavaiercs ajeraaneesuate 73
Canadensis, Pers........ +2006 80
capillaris, Poir, var. nardifolia,
RegE leis sixes ve gcece i
congesta, Nutt., var. sub-con-
gesta, Wat. ...... +++. 71
fasciculata, Pursh........-++- 74
formosa, Hook.......eee ceeeee 70
Groenlandica, Spreng ...... 73, 496
hirta, Wormsk......++ecseees 71
juniperind, Pursh.....+--+--++ 71
laricifolia, Pursh............- 71
lateriflora, L.. 73,
macrocarpa, Pursh...seeeeees
macrophylla, Hook-.........+ 3
Michauxii, Hook....... 72, 74, 496
nardifolia, MEAS tsnn wanenias 70
peploides, L...... al siuriris aise a tts 73
ear. vblongifolia, Wat . f 73
{497
peploides, var. major, Hook.... 73
physodes, DC.......-..06, ,497
propingua, Rich...... ss... 71
Pumilio, R. Bro... cc. eee eee 71
pungens, Nutt.............72, 496
Purshiana,Seringe.-.......... 76
quadrivalis, R. Br.........45- 72
IRGSSit, Ri BE sco gies 6-5-2 chenats 72
rubella, Hook.........0+5 00% 72
rubra, Hook.....e. eee eeeeee 80
rubra, var. ian MER i'scvie ss eesistirees 80
serpyllifolia, L 73,497
stricta, Fenzl..............+- 72
sbricta, Mx seages vase tehscas aves 72
tenella, Nutt...........e0 eee 72
thymifolia, Pursh.. oe cescinsie cee 76
uliginosa, Schl.... ceeeeeee cece 72
vera, L.... .eseeeceeeee es 71, 496
var. hirta, Wat......... 71, 496
var. rubella, Hook.......72, 496
ARISTOLOCHIACEH (LXXXV).---+ e005 418
Armeria, Willd ...... eee cece cece 308
vulgaris, Willd........... 308, 564
Armoracia rusticana, Rupp....+.--+ 39
alpina, Olin. ...... e..eee 261, 554
amplexicaulis, Nutt .......... 261
angustifolia, Vahl...+.....000- 261
Chamissonis, Less...... -261, 553
Chamissonis, T. & G
cordifolia, Hook..........
Doronicum, Willd....
foliosa, Nutt...... .
latifolia, Bong.....+
MATIUMA, L..eeceeeervesevece
maritima, Willd...........0+5
Menziesii, Hook ........2.....
mollis, HOOK : o.ces seeaes oe ee
montana, Hook...-.+ee+seeeee
montana, 8. alpina, L.......06s 261
obtusifolia, Less............- 262
Sachalinensis, GQhidatasiesevoael
Unalaschkensis, Less...
Artemisia, L........ eee eee ee oe ee
Absinthium, L...............
arctica, Less «.+.+. 26
arctica, Bess .....5. cscececeee
piennis, Willd.... ...........
borealis, Pall., var. spithamea,
HD, GEG dcoinnn simvinceaus 255
var. Wormskioldii, Bess... 255
borealis var. Purshii, Hook ....255
cxspitusa, Hook.....+. .sseee es 258
campestris, Pursh....+.sese00. 256
Cana, PUTSH ss sacs wmasiee anes 256
Canadensis, Mx.......+..05.. 256
caudata, Mxicwes cox vosccass «. 256
Chamissoniana, Bess.......+++ 258
var. saxatilis, Bess........258
desertorum, Hook.......-..++. 256
discolor, Dougl.........+. 256, 553
var. imcompta, Gr.....e+. 553
Douglasiana, Bess....+..-+.+5 257
dracunculoides, Pursh....255, 553
dracunculoides var. incana,T.&G.255
Dracunculus, Pursh..........-255
frigida, Willd.......ses cesses 259
frigida, var. Gmelinana, Bess. .259
glauca, Pall...... ....e5 eevee 255
glauca, var. fastigiata, Bess... .255
globularia, Cham............
glomerata, Ledeb..... esses ‘
gnaphalodes, DC.... secceceeee
integrifolia, Pursh....+.e. sees
Lindleyana, Bess
longifolia, Nutt......-..+.-6-.
Ludoviciana, Nutt..........
var. Douglasiana, Eaton. .257
var. gnaphalodes, T. & G. .257
var. latifolia, T. & G.....-- 257
var. latiloba, Nutt........ 257
LDudoviciana, Bess ......00.00+ 256
Norvegica, Fries .....--2.008. 258
var. Pacifica, Gray. ....+. 258
Nuttalliana, Bess. ....e. sees. 255
581
PAGE,
Purshiana var. «. latifolia, Bess .257
var. 8. angustifolia, Bess ...257
Richardsoniana, Bess..---.... 258
Senjavinensis, Bess.......-.+. 259
spithamea, Pursh. ....++-- +--+ 255
tridentata, Nutt
trifida, Nutt.........eeeeeeee
Tilesii, Ledeb a
vulgaris, L..... eee cece eens
var. Californica, Bess..... 258
var. Tilesii, Ledeb........ 258
Asarum; Lintissseses corse senees 418
Canadense, L.......se0 eeseee 418
Canadense var. f., Hook....... 418
caudatum, Lindl............ 418
ASOLBPIADACBE: (LXIII).++e-e-eeeee 318
Asclepias, L........ecee cence eens 318
ameena, Willd........2. seseee 318
Cornuti, Decaisne............ 319
Douglasii, Hook. ... seeeeeceee 319
incarnata, Lieseveser cee veces 318
longifolia, Mx...... eee ee eee 565
nivea, SimS....8ece sees ceeeee 319
obtusifolia, Mx.............. 320
ovalifolia, Decaisne.........++ 319
phytolaccoides, Pursh......... 319
purpurascens, L...-...-+2 +00 320
quadrifolia, L.........+. 22... 319
speciosa, Tor....-...-.seeeeee 319
SYTACH, Liss eeevwnvars os v4 319
tuberosa, Leadiescescse aos see 318
variegata, L......ssesecereee 320
variegata, L. var. minor, Hook..319
verticillata, L.......... eevee 319
viridiflora, Raf..... 2... ceeeee 320
var. lanceolata, Hook. .320, ee
Asimina, Adans......-2cs0+ eeeeee
triloba, Dunal..
Asters, Lis veiwes aeesee masa s
acuminatus, Mx.............
adscendens, Lindl
cesar var. Fremonti, T.
&
eo sieve B dow wna recta areas DAG
aestivus, Ait......ce sess eeees 225
eestivus, Ait.....6. veeeen veeece 545
alpinus, L.............4. 227, 546
amplexicaulis, Willd.........+ 221
amplus, Lind]........+2 .eseee
angustus, T.&G. es
argenteus, MX..... eee eeee eee
azureus, Lindl...........
bellidiflorus, Hook.......++... 225
Diflorus, Mx.... ..ee cece ecee ee 219
borealis, Provancher..........225
campestris, Nutt.........-... 224
canescens, Pursh......-+..+++ 218
carneus, NECS..-+.eeceeseecere 224.
ciliolatus, Lind]......... e++e+- 222
commutatus, Gr...... sees eens 544
concinnus, Hook...e.seeeee ee 221
conspicuus, Lindl........ 220,544
582
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGR.
cordifolius, L......e.seeeeeee 222
Cornuti, NeeS.... 1... ee ee eeeee 225
corymbosus, Ait. .....-..++- 219
cyaneus, Hoffm........-2+. ++ 221
diffusus, Hook......--.+.--+- 224
divergens, Hook........+.+++- 224
diversifolius, MX .-.eee sees eens 222
Douglasii, Lindl........ .220, 546
dumosus, L .......+-+-++ 224,545
elegans, T. & G......-.-- 227, 546
Engelmanni,Gr.......... 227, 546
ericoides, Alt....+--c5e seeeee 223
var. villosus, T. & G.. . 223, 544
ericoides, Lam...eeeceee cess 228
ericoides, Hook....+--+++ .seee 223
exscapus, Rich....+..seeeeeees 218
faleatus, Lindl. ........+.....228
foliaceus, Lindl.......... 226, 546
var. frondeus....---2++-+8 546
Fremonti, Gr.... ..-.....+-6+ 546
graminifolius, Pursh...-.-..+-- 229
junceus, Ait....-..+-.++ 225, 545
levigatus, Lam..-.........-- 221
levis, L.... - 221
levis, ae: var, ‘Tevigatus, Willd. .221
Lamarckianus, Hook....-.+--- 224
laxifolius, Nees..--....--.+-e06e 225
laxifolius, Hook......+2e2+ee- 224
laxifolius var. borealis, T. & G..225
laxus, var. burealis (D)... -+e- 225
ledifolius, Pursh.......ss000 0. 227
linariifolius, L............-.. 229
Lindleyanus, T. & G...... 222, 544
var. 7., G
Linifolius;, D scsi oa nisin sisconer.
longifolius, Lam
longifolius, Lam
lutescens, T. & G
macrophyllus, L
Menziesii, Lindl............. 221
miser, T. & Ge sevace cecatecece 224
modestus, Lindl. .......... 227, 546
montanus, Rich.......... 219,544
var. arcticus, T. & G..219, 544
var. giganteus, T. & G....220
multiflorus, Ait.-........ 228, 544
var. commutatus, T. & G. £ 223
; 544
var. stricticaulis, T. & G....223
mutatus, T. & G.......--- 226, 545
nemoralis, Ait...........227,546
Novee-Angliz, L.......... 226, 545
Novi-Belgii, L........... 225, 545
occidentalis, Nutt., var. inter-
medius, Gr..
Oreganus, Nutt.........2..064.
paniculatus, Lam........ 224, 545
paniculutus, Ait., var. 6., Hook. .222
parviflorus, Hook selbialeie tsisieis: ahs bie 224
patens, Ait..-.....se esses eee 221
patulus, Lam. ....eeresesereee 225
PAGE.
pauciflorus, Nutt.......-..... 228
pendulus, Hook...+-+++++e eee 224
peregrinus, Pursh.......-+++. 226
precox, Lindl....--.--++++.-+ 222
prenanthoides, Muhl..... .--- 547
ptarmicoides, T. & G........- 228
var, lutescens, Gr.....+-++ 546
puniceus, L....-. --eeee ee eens 226
var. firmus, ae & ee ieveeies 226
var. vimineus. igices e226
pygmeus, Lindl.. seeds winadee.e 227
tadula, Ait.....eee see ceeeee 219
var. strictus, Gray... ..219, 544
radulinus, Gray..-+ +0 .seees 220
ramulosus, Lindl]......-+++++-+ 223
var. incano-pilosus, Hook { 223
544
Richardsonii, Spreng.--.++ +--+ 219
B. giganteus, Hook....---+ 220
TigidUs, Lives seer cece cece sees 229
rubicaulis, Lam....+.-+ sesso 221
sagittifolius, Willd........-++- 222
salicifolius, Ait.......... 224, 545
salicifolius, Rich........+++e0+ 226
salsuginosus, Rich. «+++ -++0+. 233
Sayil, Gray..........006- 227, 545
sericeus, Vent.....-.+4.-. ve 220
Sibiricus, L...... 0. ... ee eee 544
Sibiricus, Fisch...... 2.2 sees 219
simplex, T. & Geese ee cee eeees 224
solidagineus, Mx....+.---+ 2+ 218
solidaginoides, Pursh......-. ++ 218
sparsiflorus, Mx.....-.eee sees 223
spathulatus, Lindl......-....- 220
strictus, Pursh....+.-+-eee--05 219
strictus, Nees. var. angustifolius,
Lind]. sesien wasevees. 221
tanacetifolius, HBK...........218
tardiflorus, L...........- 225, 545
tenuifolius, T. & G.....ee 224, 545
tenutfolius, L.......eee ee eeee -545
Tradescanti, L............ 000 545
umbellatus, Mill.............. 229
var. pubens, Gray........ 229
Unalaschensis, NeeS.....+. +++ 233
Unalaschensis, 8 (?) major, Hook.226
undulatus, L.....-.....-- 222, 544
uniflorus, Mx..e. ceceee eee eee 227
villosus, MxX....00 cece cece cece 223
vimineus, Lind]........-200-06 226
vimineus, Lam.............6. 545
var. pitiless, Giese ees 545
Astragalus, L...... cceeee seen eens 110
aboriginum, Rich......... 111, 508
adsurgens, Pall........... 110, 507
alpinus, L......-.--..05. 112, 508
Be kwithii, T & G............ 112
bisulcatus, Gr.... 2.0... 02.06. 113
Bourgovii, Gr............ 114, 508
cxespitosus, Gr... ..eee eee eens 114
campestris, Gr......-.. 40 «+508
583
INDEX
PAGE, PAGD.
Canadensis, L....+. 200s 110, 507 var. Subspicata, Wat. ....401
Carolinianus, Li... cee eee vee llO posee: Lie vevesienwanias ceaeex 401
caryocarpus, Ker............. 110 zostereefolia, Wat....+..-.+. 402
collinus, Dougl............++. 114 | Azaleanudiflora, L...... sees ceeeee 302
Cooperi, Gr..... eibistant ode 112, 508 periclymenoides, Mx......+.+. 302
cyrtoides, Gress seceee ceeece 113 procumbens, L...ss-. eee. eee 298
decumbens, Gr.........- +005 114 USCOSH, Leseres cece serscecens 302
diaphanus, Dougl.........+..+6110
, Drummondii, Dougl...... 111, 507
-flexuosus, Dougl.............113 | Bahia lanata, DC.........6. eee.
frigidus, Gr., var. Americanus, leucophylla, DO... see e eee eeee
Watisianis sacs 113,508 | Balsamorhiza, Hook...........-.
var. littoralis, Wat... .113, 508 deltoidea, Nutt.......... Pees
frigidus, Rothr...... 00 eeeees 113 hirsuta, Nutt. ...... 200 ceeees
Gibbsii, Kellogg Jordi gsat pte secncow sybils 113 sagittata, Nutt.......--...e8.
glabriusculus, Gr.............111 | Baptisia, Vent.........seee ceeeee
goniatus, Nutt...... ..eeeseeee 111 alba, Hook. ....+.-- esas 48
hypoglottis, L....+ Satna 111, 507 leucantha, T. & G
Kentrophyta, Gr...........0. 114 tinctoria, R. Br..........
Labradoricus, Hook. .......... 112 | Barbarea, R. Br......--.sse eeeaee 4:
lJentiginosus, Dougl....... 110, 507 precot, R. Br..se.seevseeccee
lotiflorus, Hook.......... 112, 508 vulgaris, R. Br........eeee eee
Lyallids Grs.scs cass eccmeFatiew 110 var. arcuata, Koch........ 45
melanocarpus, Nutt..o... .....112 var. stricta, Regel......... 45
microcystis, Gr.... .eceee eee 113 vulgaris, R. Br....sceeseseenee 4
Missouriensis, Nutt........... 112 | Barkhausia nana, DC...........+-
multiflorus, Gr...........114,508 | Bartonia, Muhl..........-.......
NAGTESCENS, GT. ee ee cere reer eves albicaulis, Hook.......s0.-00-
oroboides, Hook levicaulis, Dougl..
oroboides, Hornem., var. Am- { 111 ornata, Pursh.....e+seeereee
ericanus, Gr........ 508 parviflora, Dougl......++.seeee
Palliseri, Gr....+0...ee0. tenella, Muhl..............06
pauciflorus, Hook........-.0. Bartsia,, Lis ccasevea.c sons awret cals
pectinatus, ‘Dougl............ acuminata, Pursh......-......
polaris, Benth............... alpina, L........-. eee ee
Purshii, Doug...... SGreiee eee coccinea, Pursh.....+++-.eeeee 6
racemosus, Pursh............ Gymnandra, Willd........... 378
Robbinsii, Matthew...........- Gdontites, Huds.............. 367
- secundus, Mx..... 6.60. ae DOUG, Liemewsin: sag gen: sd bse eae 365
speirocarpus, Gr.... .-. ..... tenuifolia, Pursh...+.seceseees 366
striatus, Nutt..... 0... cee ee eee 110 | Batis vermicwlata, Hook........... 405
tenellus, Pursh......-..+.......114 | Batschia canescens, Mx.......-.006 342
triphyllus, Pursh............. 115 Gmelini, Mx....ee cece ee eeee 342
vaginatus, Rich.............. 115 longiflora, Pursh.........000. 342
Atragene Americana, Sims......... 11 | Bellis, L......eee cee c eee see eee 217
Atripulex, Le...s. ce cece ee eee eeee 401 perennis, L......-----...ee ee 217
Alaskensis, Wat..............402 | Benzuin odoriferum, Nees.......... 419
angustifolia, Hook.......+ 401, 402 | BERBDRIDACE (V)..-++-+-esseseeee 29
arenaria, Nutt....eeeeeeee eens 402 | Berberis, L.....-.-.-s++-++ «+ +29, 483
argentea, Nutt......-......5. 402 Aquifolium, Pursh........29, 483
canescens, Nutt...-- sees .eee 402 Aquifolium, Pursh............ 29
Endolepis, Wat.............. 402 Aquifolium var. 8. & y..T. & G. 29
Gmelini, C. A. Meyer...... .. 402 nervosa, Pursh....... +00 see 29
hastata, Lie.s.ce cece eens ceeeee 401 nervosa, Pursh.........e+see0e 29
laciniata, Pursh...........+5- 401 pinnata, Kereese-. sce eeceeee 29
littoralis, Hook.+ssseseeeeeees 402 repens, Lindl............. 29, 483
littoralis, Bours ...+5 ee eee eens 401 vulgaris, L..... cee. eens 29, 483
Nuttallii, Wat....sceeeeee ees 402 | Berula, Koch............ 2.2000 534
patula,, Lisecsse cave venees cane 401 angustifolia, Koch............ 534
var. hastata, Gr....-. sees 401 | Betula; Wbiwssie seeaev awe cwcsarees 435
var. littoralis, Gr......... 401 alba, L., var. populifolia, Spach..436
584
‘ PAGE.
CIGNA ss eaeee aeees eee ee ee eo e e438
Ermani, Cham........e.eeeee 437
excelsa, Ait... eee Sieiesat Sess 435
excelsa, Purshy...++ S eptewenainare 436
glandulosa, Mx...... ..se-ees 437
Tenta, L-ocsceccce rece sesececs 435
Tutea, Mx., fi. ce. cee cee scenes 436
NANA, GPs eeecreve cevcee ceneee
nana, L.... eseee
nigra, Lre-+e--00-+-
occidentalis, Hook.
occidentalis, Lyall......-..+.-.
papyracea, Ait.....-.++ Peavete 436
papyrifera, Mx... se. eens ee 436
populifolia, Hook. «ssc... .-2+.-436
pumila, Lies. eee ee cee e nee « 437
Bidens; Linssisiscctare vice saree Hesewigine 247
Beckii, Torr.......+esseeveee 247
COTNUG, Liewecae ceenta cece sees 247
var. elata, T. & Gessesinns 247
chrysanthemoides, Mx....... 247
chrysanthemoides, Hook.....;. 247
connata, Muhl
frondosa, L.......00 veeeee
pilosa, Willd.....+.++
Bigelovia, DC......
Douglasii, Gr....
graveolens, Gr.
var. hololeuca, Gr....210, 542
viridiflora, DO..scee veces eee 211
BIGNONIACBE (LXXIUI).ceee eee eeeee 377
Biotia corymbosa, DC ..+...+-eeeee 219
macrophylla, DC...++ -.seeeee 219
Blepharipappus glandulosus, Hook...551
Blephilia, Raf......-.sssseeeeeees 386
hirsuta, Benth..... ....ee coos 386
Blitum Bonus-Henricus, C. A.
Oh) ea 400
capitatum, Le...s ceeeeecseeee 400
chenopodioides, Ate, ecategararmbeyatos 398
glaucum, Koch...+.sssesevees 399
maritimum, Nutt.. «400
Nuittallianum, R. & 8% ise Ges oes 398
polymorphum, C. A. Meyer....400
rubrum, Reich.........+ eee. 400
Boehmeria, Jacq....+..seceeeveee 432
cylindrica, Willd............. 432
cylindrica, var. 8. Hook....... 432
Boisduvalia, Spach.......see.seee 174
densiflora, Wat......-... 174, 531
glabella, Walp.........seee. 174
Borago, Le... ..eeceee cose cece vece 344
BORRAGINACDE (LXVII)...0eeeeeeeoe 334
Officinalis, Le...s... eee cece 344
Boschniakia, C. A. Meyer........ 374
jabra, C. A. Meyer........s. 374
ookeri, Walp...........374,573
Boykinia, Nutt....... .... ee Oa 155
occiaentalis, T. & G...... 155, 525
Richardsoni, Gray........... 155
Brachyris Euthamiz, Nutt.........208
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
Brasenia, Schreb....e+.seeeeeseee SL
peltata, Pursh............31, 483
Brassica, Tourn........s.eeeeee « 47
alba, Greece seceseeeeserrcees 48
campestris, L....2. +--+ sees » 48
nigra, Koch.........+.+++- 48, 488
Sinapistrum, Boiss........... 47
Braya, Sternb. & Hoppe.......++. 54
alpina, Sternb. oppe, var.
Americana, Hook.... 54
var. glabella, Wat..... 55, 490
arctica, Hook......+eseeeee-+ 55
Ee Benth &
Hook ...e02 seseceecece 55
glabella, Rk. i ciereaiaarwahis) na7ee: 08 55
pilosa, Hook.....-. seseseeeee 55
Brickellia, Ell.......200 veces 2002207
grandiflora, Nutt.........0... 207
oblongifolia, Nutt...... ....+. 207
Bryanthus, Gmel.... ........+eee 299
Aleuticus, Gre... ce. eee cee eee 299
empetriformis, Gr. ....+..+0- 299
var. intermedius, Gr...299, 562
ebmcults onus ae Kaeo wes 299, 562
rahamii, Hook.. «+. 299,562
taxifolius, Gray... +.ese. 299, 562
Brunella, Livcscws ss oe sawsiaw ceewien 388
vulgaris, L...-+- 1... eee bo 0 388
Buphthalmum eas Ti sisiersisin 242
sagittatum, Pursh. ....00 seeeee 243
Bupleurum, Linn.......... s..eee 182
ranunculoides, L......... 182, 534
rotundifolium, L..... ve cee ee O04
Cacalia, L....
atriplicifolia, L
suaveolens, L. .eceer seveee sees
tuberosa, Nutt...........
CACTACDE (XLIII)...000-s eevee eee
Cactus viviparus, Nutt
Cakile, Tourn.. 3
Americana, "Nutt. »
edentula, Pig eeciaiscic/or ne eaten
maritima, PUPS naiciecoi vie gts
var. Americana, T. & G. .. 58
Calamintha, Moench............. 1384
Clinopodium, Benthsscvessees 384
glabella, var. Nuttallti, Gr...... 384.
Nuttallii, Benth
vulgare, Pircliccadcwomccc
Calandrinia, HBK..
Menziesii, Hook. .
pygmea, Gray a alelaw ea ace ae
speciosa, Lindl............. ran
Callitriche, Lscies sex esas veee ea ee
autummalis, L.......... sees 530
WEIN, Lissoes weacasgquiine awee'e'e 530
Calluna, Salisb..... ccc sees coos 298
Allantica, Seem..........0086 298
vulgaris, Salisb.........00s0
INDEX. 585
PAGE. PAGE.
Caltha, Lessee scccecceeececeseee 23 | Capsella, Vent...... cece ceeeeeee 56
arctica, R. Browse cece seeeeeee 23 Bursa-pastoris, Moench....... 56
asarifolia, DC..ceee ceseeeneee 23 divaricata, Walp....... -.s006 56
biflora, DC... eshseeasege 23 | Cardamine, De... cc seteu ces ees 40
integerrima, Barsh.. ne Necnwinee 23 angulata, Hook......--2e00.. 41
leptosepala, DC.. «+ 28, 481 articulata, Pursh..... -.se00.. 48
natans, Pall........-ssseeeee 23 bellidifolia, L...... ..eeee eee
palustris, L....e. eee ee cece a digitata (?), Rich....
var. flabeltifolia, T.&G.. hirsuta, Diss sce asaaaeaewsctrenc
var. integerrima, T. &G... - var. sylvatica, Gr..... 4), 486
var. minima, Regel....... = var. Virginica, T. & G..... 41
var. parnassifolia,T. &G.. multifida, Pursh........ 0.0.6. 46
var. Sibirica, Regel esaesiglehaty 33 oligosperma, Nutt. ccs sesese « 41
Calymenia angustifolia, Fraser ..... 395 Pennsylvanica, Muhl.........- 41
Calystegia sepium, R. Bri... see eee 345 pratensis, L........ .eee0. 41, er
var. pubescens, Gray.... ». 346 purpurea Cham. & Schlecht. .
var. rosea, Choisy.-..+. .. 345 thomboidea, DC...... .... 40, “88
Soldanella, R. Bei sg eae oes rotundifolia, Mx.......... 40, 486
spithamea, Pursh var. purpurea, Torr. . ..40, ee
tomentosa, Pursh...sececeserees 345 rotundifoliu, Mx...... 20-005 ‘
Camaropis fragarioides, Nestler.... 134 rotund fotia, vars. u, 8, & y, T
Camelina, Crantz......--..s+..06 54 & Gece vavws weliettetine
Barbarexfolia, DC..++ . 1... es 37 sylvaticn, Gr... .ee se ceceee cece 41
Sativa, Crantz....2. ceceeeeeee 54 Virginica, Ms iio snaisincs aoe eveee 41
Campanula, L...... sees eeeeee. 287 | Carduus, Tourn........... 0.6004 .269
acuminata, Mx......260 eee e ee 289 arvensis, Smith.. dceteraiee aay aise 271
Americana, L......+-2+2 eeveee 289 Crispus; Lis seca wees es oes ewes 269
amplexicaulis, Mx...... s..005 286 discolor, var. fl. albis, Hook....271
aparinoides, Pursh...........+ 288 foliosus, Hook
dasyantha, Bieb........-++05- 287 muticus, Nutt
dubia, ADC. ... ceeeee ce eeeees 287 NULANG, Weve. oesseeawe awe ae
lasiocarpa, Cham......+-..+... 287 pumilus, Hook.-.+0.see sevens 270
linifolia, A.DC.. és «. 287 | Carpinus, L............. cece ee nee 439
var. heterodoxa, ‘Ledeb.. esas 560 Americana, Mx... eee eee cece es 439
var. Langsdorffiana, A.DC { 288 Caroliniana, Walter........... 439
560 OstrYG, Lis eis's 4 etd jatwiawananies 439
perfoliata, L....seeceee eeeeens 286 var. ‘Americana, Mx...... 439
petiolata, A.DC...... 0-000 eee 288 | Carum, Koch..........00 seseeees a
pilosa, Pallis.: cine cccveseess 287 Carui, Diiseisisa.3's 90.9 Gears isi aysee
pratensis, A.DC. . (oe Gairdneri, Benth & Hook.180, 533
rapunculoides, Tea PRES eae nanos Carya, Nuttiscsiwe 00 dasicese cowaias 433
rotundifolia, L....... 288-289, rer alba, Nutt...... Seastyeta are-avav arenes 433
var. Alaskana, Gr......... 560 amara, Nutt...........
var. arctica, Lange........ 560 QGDIG, TOLT se oie cc cence os since
var. linifolia, Gr seieaisdaiecore 560 microcarpa, Nutt.........eeees
var. B. linifolia, Bich rer 287 porcina, Nutt................
Scouleri, Hook...........288, 560 tomentosa, Nutt.......0......
Scheuchzeri, Vill... 287-289 | CaRYoPHYLLACEE w(XV)
560 | Cassandra, Don...........seeseee 9
var. heterodoxa, Gr. .288,560 calyculata, Don...........60.
uniflora, L...... eee eee eee Cassiope, Don....... sige
CAMPANULACES (LIV).--- hypnoides, Don..
Cannabis, L anne a Gee lycopodioides, Don
Sativa, Lecce scesee vecte eee Mertensiana, Pall............
Canta aggregata, Pursh.... ...... 330 Stelleriana, DC..............
parviflora, Pursh.........++-- 330 tetragona, Don...........
CAPPARIDACEE (XI)..sseeeee cece 59 | Castanea, Geertn...............005 y
CAPRIFOLIACDE (XLVIII)+ +++. ..eeeee 198 vescd, Willd.... .sscec cers vece
Caprifolium bracteosum, Mx ...... .197 var. Americana, Mx..... 443
cilivsum, Pursh...... seeeee ees 196 vulgaris, Lamk., var. Ameri-
parviflorum, Pursh...... s+» 197 cana, A. DCs. 02s iwaiew eas 443
586
PAGE.
Castilleia, Linn, f............--+5 364
coccinea, Spreng..........+.- 364
miniata, Dougl...... --- 365, 572
hispida, Benth.............-- 365
pallida, Kunth......-..+..-6- 365
var. septentrionalis, Gr.. { 365
572
var. miniata, Gr.... esses 365
var. Unalaschensis, Cham.
& Schlecht............ 365
parviflora, Bong......-.+e +e. 365
septentrionalis, Lindl.......... 365
sessiliflora, Pursh...... . 366
Caucalis, L....... esse Bitlet nieate 537
nodosa, Huds.....-+. esses ee 5387
Caulophyllum, Mx.........--.505 30
thalictroides, Mx.........-.30,483
Ceanothus, L...... essen cee eee ee 9
Americanus, L..........+-6.. 95
intermedius, Hook......+. +++ 96
intermedius, Pursh.......++.05 95
levigatus, Hook.......+ .sseee 96
Oreganus, Nutt.......- 22.0.0. 96
ovalis, Bigel......-eeeeeee cee 96
ovatus, Desf..............06. 96
perennis, Pursh.... ......06.. 95
sanguineus, Pursh -» 96
sanguineus, Nutt... 22. ..eee- 95
velutinus, Dougl.......... 96, 503
var. levigatus, T. & G.. 96, 504
CBLASTRACEE (XXVI).e- eee cess veer
CelastT as). Tis cciwisie escasc ewe acews
bullatus, Ti Sade ned sabe ee
scandens, L..............-
Celtis, Dine cosetie vegies Seensr aes
alba, DC vies ose caress s ase tiie’
crassifolia, Pursh........- -
longifolia, DC......eceeeeee ee
Mississippiensis, Bose
occidentalis, L......... .eeeee 429
pumila, Pursh......++ee00----429
Centaurea, 1 COREE ieee OE! 272
benedicta,, Li. isis ccveea sevens 272
eyanus, L............... 272, 556
MMera, Lai cwriuin seas seanns 272, 556
Centaurella autumnalis, Pursh...... 327
Centunculus, L.... 20. cee ee ee ee 315
lanceolatus, IME? die: boa avaed Syovhone 815
minimus, | eaten enti: 315
Cephalanthus, L............0+000. 199
occidentalis, Diae ges eagad 199, 540
Cerastiumy: Lise siieciv 04d sendy s. 77
alpinum, Liss 2.0054 ioce 78, 498
var. Behringianum, Regel s 78
498
var.Fischerianum,T.& G.78, 498
var. glabratum, Hook. -78, 498
var. latifolium, Smith. .... 78
alpinum, Hook...... ....2..4- 78
anvense, Lessee crsieass aciee cs 77
arvense, Pursh Sadat ws eiSiovonete ogists 77
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
Behringianum, aoe & cuereain 78
bracteatum, Raf. ...eee-+eee0++ 77
elongatum, Parsti. sraioucspsntene- raves TT
Fischerianum, Ser....++-++ +--+ 78
glomeratum, Thuill....-.--+-- 77
nutans, Raf....--.. eee eee 77
oblongifolium, Torr....-.---+ 77
Pennsylvanicum, eau Pika 77
pilosum, Ledeb........ +++. 78
pubescens, Goldie...+-.+ece-++5 77
rigidum, Ledeb...--+ auorsie a2 8 78
~ stellariovdes, Mog. -.+ e+seee sees 78
tenuifolium, Pursh -.+00 se++es 77
trigynum, Vill...... syle fernlev 78, 498
triviale, Link...+0+sseseee sees ved
viscosum, Diiowsskcetawlode te ee 77
viscosum, Li. ....ee ceeeee ceeece
vulgatum, L
vulgatum, L.-.see ceeeee ee eeee
var. Behringianum, Fenzl.. 78
var. grandiflorum, Fenzl .. 78
var. macrocarpum, Fenzl.. 78
Cerasus borealis, Mx...+ .+seseeeee 125
demissa, Nutt......--eeeeeeee 125
depressa, Seringe...-+.2. seeeee 124
emarginata, Dougl....++ .++«+6 125
hiemalis, Seringe
mollis, Dougl.....
nigra, Loisel..-.....--.+.-+-++
Pennsylvanica, Seringe -.-.+... 125
pimila, Mk..ceee eee cece enee 124
serotina, Hook....... ~ 125
serotina, Loisel.....-++-+s+ere 126
Virginiana, Mx......---+ 2.05 126
Virginiana, Loisel.....-..-..- 125
CERATOPHYLLEE (C)..... + eee
Ceratophyllum, L....
demersum,L..... -
Cheenactis, DC...-- seeeee cece eee
Douglasii, Hoek & AM. «esses 249
Cherophyllum, L.............+.. 182
Canadense, CranzZ.....+. esses 182
Claytonii, Pers ...0- eee ecenee 183
procumbens, Craptz....-.....- 182
Chamecyparis sphxroidea, Spach...461
Nutkaensis, Spach....... s+eees 461
Chamerhodos, Bunge....+. .-+.+s 185
erecta, Bunge....+. eee - 135, 516
Cheiranthus, R. Br........ eee eens 48
asper, Cham. & Schlecht...... 48
capitatus, Dougl...... ......4. 48
hesperidoides, T. & G.......... 58
Pallasii, Pursh........ .se00.. 48
gmeeus, DC.....-....006.... 48
Chelidonium, L..........+. .eseee 34
MAUS, Lows eee ee ces eee cece vers 34
Chelone, L..... Reno rasie Rocce 354
glabra ....-. -s.s0. ceeeee cues 354
glabra, var. alba, Pursh........ 354
nemorosa, Dougl....... «++ 354
ramosa, Dougl..+....seseeeeeee 354
INDEX. 587
PAGD. PAGE
CHENOPODIACEE (LXXXII). ......00. 398 | Cimicifuga, Leeseee cee cee eee ee es 27
Chenopodina calceoliforme, Hook...404 elata, Nutt.. aaweee Karas QT
maritima, Grisesecsccvecenees 404 racemosa, Nutt. stemborers’ 197, "483
prostrata, Bourgeau ........... 404 | Cineraria integrifolia B. minor,
Chenopodium, L........., 6.6.04 398 Pursh.s-ssss sevceevens 2
AlDUMs Disciowcecerenneceregiscee wens 398 | Circesa, Tourn........ .eceeeeeeee 174
var. leptophyllum, Moq..398 alpina, Lis canny dueedheneeus 174
ambrosioides, L........6...05 399 alpina, Hook..... aise eiechaie-atsinie 175
var. anthelminticum, Gr..399 Lutetiana, L......... teeeeeee 175
anthelminticum, Mx..... cesses 399 Lutetiana, var. Canadensis, L...175
Bonus-Henricus, L.........+. 400 Pacifica, Aschers......... 175, 581
Botrys, Lee .- sess eevee ceveee 399 | Cirsium acaule, var. Americanum,
capitatum, Benth. & Hook....400 Gis. csivs sore cower O10)
glaucum, L.......... cece ee ee 399 arvense, peas hence erence een eee ah
humile, Hook......see cece sees 400 discolor, Spreng. .......2.0.--+ 270
hybridum, L....... 2.0 .ee.ee 398 Drummondii, T. & Geeee eevee 270
leptophyllum, Nutt........... 398 Soliosum, DC... se veeeee eens 271
var. subglabrum, Wat..... 398 Hookerianum, Nutt......++++. 269
maritimum, Pursh............ 404 Kamtschaticum, Ledeb......... 271
mvc Pi; Tease atone emdececrve 400 lanceolatum, Scop...... ses. 269
var. humile, Moq......... 400 muticum, MX. .eceeeceeeee eee 270
rubrum, Hook...... .eeeee eens 401 Pitcheri, = O' Qeawe ine iaantas ne
urbicum, Le... ec. eee eee 399 pumilum, Spreng. .......ee8 eee 269
urbicum, NEL oleae wise basa 398 _ undulatum, Spreng........+0.. 269
var. rhombifolium, Moq....399 | Cissus hederacea, Pers...+.-+ ...++. 97
zostereefolium, F'00K....+ seseee 402 | CISTACEAR (XII).++++es eee eeee ce eee 60
Chimaphila, Pursh.........-..... Cladothamnns, Bong.............- 803
corymbosa, Pursh pyroleeflorus, Bong...........303
maculata, Pursh...... ie Clarkia, Purshiwnsss secure oeeie ven 174
Menziesii, Spreng. Dt eavateb acheter pulchella, PUTS sheterasecoeetenis 174
umbellata, Nutt.............. Claytonia, L.......... teste cess 82
Chiogenes, Salisb. -.......0..0 008, 294 ae ae PURINE S venice) e
hispidula, T. & G......... 294, 561 a eee -
Chrysanthemum, L............... 252 EECCE, | NAT AGORA WALL oa
arcClicnm,, Lisws ess ciaaee swans an 253 pope tore pone en as ace 82
Balsamitio, .-veee vitae 258 ae aetna wane: mg
ipinnatum, L............... 253 500
grandiflorum, Hook........... 254
integrifolium, Rich... .+..252, 552 ec ae 2
eeucanthemum, L............ 252 ; Fa a pn ene
Parthenium, Pers........ 253, 552 Bi ir TCG =e tata stenn
segetum, L ” on3 Jilicaulis, oe = dene aye toNNee,
Bd Bianceh dea tenntcanabenc sacar ‘agelloris, Bong
Chrysocoma nauseosa, Pursh ....... 210 gypsophiloides, Fisch. & Mey... 83
Chayeeep eaten ura Ran ule ia lanceolata, Purgh.....+++.2+6. 82
: onan haa aaes li 18}, DOU gb ises seins S000 aranetce 2
Americanum, Schwein....... 158 ‘ineperciiea, Parry asta bubacecpseciaiots Pd
oppositifolium, Walter.........158 parviflora, Dougl....-. 6.0.00. 83
Chrysopsis, Nutt...-..+...+.0+ 04. 209 parvifolia, Mog .........66 82, 499
canescens, DC... seeeseeeeeeees 230 perfoliata, Donn......-. .++e0. 83
hirsuta, Gray.-.+eeees cee eee 209 var. parviflora, Torr....... 83
hirtella, DC cS Jain) to hibiasinveverstianahaty ane 230 var. spathulata, Torr...... 83
hispida, T. & G... se reeeee eee 209 sarmentosa, C. A. Meyer...83, 500
villosa Nutt....-...-.+.060.. 209 Sibiri¢a, Levevessescvewnasces 82
_. _, var. hispida, Gr.......... 209 spathulefolia, Salisb........+. 82
Cichorium, Tourn............... 272 spathulata, Dougl ccthtatpie aia as 83
Intybus, Li... eee ee eee eee ee 272 tenuifolia, T. & Gisse eevee es 83
Cicuta, Koch..++ sees seeee cece eens 181 Virginica, L...... ceeeee veeeee 82
bulbifera, Lo... ee ce ceee eevee 182 Virginica, var. spathulefolia,
THACTI Aba, Lisa eioiiesass cen ike cee 181 DC) sreisss wie: inet ticwiikve. agora 82
Unalaschkensis, Fisch. ....+... 82
NAPOSA)- Liies-aaciaasisconiinw cides 182
25
588
Clematis, L....0. cess cece cces acne 11
cordata, Pursh.... secseereeees 11
Douglasii, Hook.............. 11
ligusticifolia, Nutt......... 11, 477
var. brevifolia, Nutt...... 477
verticillaris, DC........... 11,477
var. Columbiana, Gray....477
Virginiana, Drewes ise dese sive 11
Virginiana, Hook........---.+ 11
CleOMG; Disiaiteen cceciniewin waive o viewrs 59
aured; Nitttsinicaces soe case we 59
dodecandra, Mx...........05 59
integrifolia, T. & G.. giaveay 9
lutea, Hook... 6... cece eeeeee 59
serrulata, Pursh.........-+.. 59
Cnicus, Wail acaang cia wn aades 269
altissimus, Willd., var. disco- ,
lor, Gris is seee seas wires 270
arvensis, Pursh........-..... 271
Denedictus, L...-cceceeecec eens 272
Drummondii, Gr.........++.. 270
var. acaulescens, Gr...... 270
Qdulis,. Gr... cei scsi 4 cee 271, 556
eriocephalus, Gr...... Susea.se 556
foliosus, Gr...... ee serene 271,555
Hookerianus, Gr......... 271, 556
Kamtschaticus, Maxim....... 271
lanceolatus, Hoffm........... 269
muticus, Pursh......-.......- 270
Pitcheri, Torr............ 269, 555
pumoilus, Torr............ 269, 555
undulatus, Gr.........eeeeee, 269
Cnidium Canadense, Spreng........184
Cochlearia, Tourn....-....... +00 58
Anglics, Liss2sssosnas ee sen 53, 489
aquatica, Eaton. .....2++ esse. 39
Danica, L.......s020..ee wanes O09
Sfenestrata, R. Br........ 2.0045 53
Groenlandica, L........+..26- 53
humifusa, Mx........ seaulan es 58
oblongifolia, DC.... 61. seeeee ee 5B
officinalis, L..............
siliquosa, Sch... -
spathulata, Sch 5
tridactylites, Banks....... 53, 489
Coinogyne carnosa, Less...........248
Collinsia, Nutt..........-...0000. 353
grandiflora, Dougl............ 353
var. pusilla, Gr........... 353
parviflora, Dougl.... ... .853,570
pauciflora, Lindl........-..-. 353
Collinsonia, L...... ... eee cece eens 380
Canadensis, L............ 0040 380
Collomia, Nuts ss oeicisseeeaica 329
gracilis, Dougl...............329
heterophylla, Hook........... 329
linearis, Nutt................ 329
Comandra, Nutt. ...... --..0. eee. 4.23
livida, Rich.................. 423,
pallida, A.DC........ 0.0.00, 428
umbellata, Nutt..........-.4. 423
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
FD
Comarum palustre, Li..scee seeeee es
COMPOSITAE (LII).. 00. cece serene ceee
Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait.. oe
CONIFERE (Cl). + eee eee eeeeee cece
Conioselinum Canadense, T. & G....184
Fischeri, Bong..sese sess ceeeee 185
Conium, L....... eee ceseeeseeees 179
maculatum, L..........+ 179, 533
Conopholis, Wallr........+.--.++.373
Americana, Wallr........ ... 373
CoNVOLVULACEE (LXVII).- 6-0 - eee 344
Convolvulus, L.......e-seee ceveee 345
arvensis, L........ .ceeen eens 346
panduratus, Mx......--..-.-. 345
sepium, L............+.. 345, 569
var. Americanus, L....... 345
var. maritima, Choisy..... 346
var. repens, GY....... 346, 569
Soldanella, L........+.5. 345, 569
spithameeus, L...........---6 345
statis, Maia is csiene eee esas eos 345
Coptis, Salisb..........26 ceeeeaee 23
asplenifolia, Salisb.......... oe 24
trifolia, Salisb......
Corema, Don. ......esseeecaeececs
Conradii, Torr .
Coreopsis, Le...s... ceeeee cece veers
discoidea, T. & G
lanceolata, Le...s... eee
palmata, Nutt..... aAeie Soe ae 551
tinctoria, Nutt............-4. 246
trichosperma, Mx........ 246, 550
var. tenuiloba, Gr..-...... 550
tripterus, L........6. 0. 246, 551
verticillata, L.......--.-+ 246, 551
Corispermum, L......+.eeseee eee 403
hyssopifolium, L............. 403
CORNACDHE (XLVII)..s-eeeeee cere ees 190
Cornus, ‘LOT’: o: sieiseisiecde esse o 190
alba, Lam. . saves daaioael OL
var. B., “Heok. seaven ese eu 191
alternifolia, Taaaarsins. 8:28: ods
asperifolia, Mx... éeeton
Canadensis, L.........+.
circinata, L’Her..............
florida; Lyiivess wicisieisace cosine
florida, Hook. ..+.0 -- eee eeeee
lanuginosa, MX...+-.++-220
Nuttallii, Aud.............
paniculata, L’Her
pubescens, Nutt........
sanguinea, Marsh.........- ..
sericea, L..ssseccee sees cv eeee
sericea, oe (2)
TL & Gaus0e eeaiwasiene sss 191
stolonifera, Mx. ...191
Suecica, L.. .... 2.25 eee 190, 538
tomentulosa, MX....+e vee eens 190
Unalaskensis, Ledeb........- 190
Coronopus didymus, Pursh......+.+ 58
INDEX,
PAGE. PAGE.
Corydalis, Vent....-ssesere ceense 36 | Cucubalus Behen, L....- sae eewaese OF
aurea, Willd.. sevdveee 36 stellatus, Le ssc seeeee sees aretirarexs 67
var. occidentalis, 'Gr....... 36 | Cucursrracea (XLT). +++ pees iorenataners 176
Canadensis, Goldie... way aiag ee Cupressus Nutkaensis, Hook...-+«++ 461
Cucullaria, Pursh.. thyoides, Hook.... «+++ eeeee
flavula, TE ca pasirontn aetone thyovdes, L..
formosa, Pursh...+ sce. eeeeves 85 | CUPULIFERE (xcvit). .
fungosa, Pursh.....ssceeseees 85 | Cuscuta, L....ee seen eee Seas
glauca, Pursh...+e.sseeeeseee 86 arvensis, Beyrich......+--
pauciflora, Pers......-..+.++. 387 Compacta, JUSS. .-+seeceeecees
sempervirens, Rich.-..+..+++++ 36 epilinum, Weihe...........-. 347
Scouleri, Hook.........0. sees 37 Gronovii, Willd.....+.+++ bo 0 OEY
Corylus, L...... Sarreereenes, 49 salina, Englm...... sees 347, 570
‘Americana, Walt... cia sier tr eighinaasslonese 440 tenuiflora, Englm..........++6 847
avellana (Holmes Cat )........ 439 trifolii, Bab...... Sevens 347
rostrata, Ait... sesceecece ees 439 umbrosa, Beyrich......+.+-++5 347
Cottila, Tivos aaciens wameauiaes cove as 552 | Cyamus pentapetalus, Pursh........ 31
coronopifolia, L.....++. sess 552 | Cyclachena xanthiifolia, Fres....... 240
CRASSULACBHE (XXXIV)+-++ sss eeueee 164 | Cycloloma, Moq......--.+0. 2+... 405
Crataegus, L...sseeeeee eee cceeeee 146° platyphyllum, Moq.......--++ 405
coccinea, L.....e.-ee esse eens 147 | Cymopterus, Raf....... cece rere 186
coccinea, var. mollis, T.&G....147 albiflorus, T. & Geeeeee ceeeees 186
cordata, Hook......eeseeeseee feeniculaceus, T. & G.seeeee sees 186
Crus-galli, Le...s. cceeee vere glomeratus, Raf.......... 186, 536
Douglasii, Lindl.......... terebinthinus, T. & G......... 186
Plavd: Hooksiserce-nasisivss cweiecies 1 thapsoides, T. & G...seceeecees 186
glandulosa, Willd... Cynapium aptifolium, Nutt......... 535
glandulosa, Pursh. Cynoglossum, L.....e eee eee ees 0 334
oxyacantha, L...... amplexicaule, Mx.....+..+se00 335
punctata, JaCd...+ cececerevees ciliatum, Dougl...........--. 335
var. brevispina, Dougl..... 148 glomeratum, Pursh..........65 337
pyrifolia, Ait.....e.ceees oe el 47 grande, Dougl.......-sereee.. 335
rivularis, Nutt........... 148, 522 Morisoni, DC... cece cccaceeeee 336
sanguinea, var. Douglasii, T. occidentale, Gr..... . ene 060000567
BG Gis inaideibie vaahevecadcadeeuiee Officinale, L..e.s. ce eee cee eee 334
subvillosa, Schrad..........+. 147 penicillatum, Hook. & Arn..... 834
tomentosa, L...........08 147,522 Virginicum, L....
var. punctata, Gr..... 147,522 | Cynthia Virginica, Don.+ce.....065
var. pyrifolia, Gr......... 147 | Cytisus rhombifolius, Nutt. .
vai. mollis, Greeseee cecaee 147 SCOPATIUS, DCs s:eeeisin ve catasaae
Crops; Lesss crac: sot amesesen 273
acuminata, Nutt..........0... 557
acuminata, var. gracilis, Torr..274 | Dalibarda fragarioides, Mx... ....134
biennis, ie var. 2. Hook,...... 274 POD OTS Deis. 76 acai \asecsceoseraiecesocove 6 ae 129
elegans, Hook.....-+sseeee-e. 274 violecides, Mx....+0 +. eee ee 129
glauca, T. &G... see eee eee eee 274 | Daphne, L....... cece ec ee ene ee 420
intermedia, Gr..s. sees eevees 274 Mezereum, L........ sens cee 420
nana, Rich.......++.+6... 274,557 | Dasystoma pedicularia, Benth...... 363
occidentalis, Nutt........ 278, 556 pubescens, Benth....e.-.e.e0 ee 8363
var. crinita, Gr....... 274, 556 quercifolia, Benth...........06 363
var. glandulosa, Torr...... 556° | Dattira, Dicwesinednenisaniewaed ies 351
var. Nevadensis, Kellog. ..278 Stramonium, L......... Sysieidie 351
runcinata,T.& G......... 274, 557 Data, aisstatstreosie-sielPeneieres acces 351
VITONS, Wissen aarnec esa weer 274 | Daucus, Tourn.........cesseeseee 188
Crinitaria viscidiflora, Hook... ....211 Garota,, Liane cicins aces 188,537
Cristaria coccinea, Pursh......-..0+ 87 microphyllus, Presl............ 188
Crocidium, Hook............2s005 262 pusillus, Mx., var. microphyl-
multicaule, Hook............ 262 lus, T. & G....... 188, 537
CRUCIFHRE (K).scseeces sees scceees Decodon verticillatum, Ell.......... 176
Cryptoteenia, DU......-.... j Delphinium, Tourn............... 5
Canadensis, DC azureum, Mx....6....eee. 26, 482
590
PAGE.
Consolida, L......+-see0.. 25, 482
decorum, Fisch. & Meyer....+ . 26
. elatum, L. var. occidentale,Wat.. 25
exaltatum, Hook....+..-es-e0% 25
Menziesii, DC.......-..-5. 25, 482
pauciflorum, Nutt.,...--+++06. 25
scopulorum, Gr «+... .eeeeeee 25
virescens, Nutt....sesseeceeeee 26
variegatum, T. & G....... .26, 482
Dentaria, L 3
diphylla, Mx
heterophylla
laciniata, Muhl
maxima, Nutt...... seceeeeees 39
tenella, Pursh........s.seee ee 39
tenuifolia, Hook........+008- 39
Desmodium, DC.......... -...e. 118
acuminatum, DC............. 118
bracteosum, DC
Canadense, DC
canescens, DC...
Ctliare, DCs ssccce sa dagen
cuspidatum, Hook............ 118
Dillenii, Darling....... ..-... 118
Marilandicum .. 0. veccce ceeees 119
nudiflorum, DC.............. 118
paniculatum, DC............. 119
pauciflorum, DC.............. 118
rotundifolium, DC............ 118
Dianthoray Wiese a 02 4s 4 s's's wears 377
Americana, L..se eee reece
Dianthus, L.. .... . 70
alpinus, L., var. repens, Regel.. 70
Armeria, L SiRaER Aba (eR E F-9-9 Bracbeld 70
repens, Willd.. sénioe's Sitsacea ae ZO)
DIAPENSIACEE (avin). iODE ah acear eines 308
Diapensia, L...... etree ae 308
Lapponica, L............ 308, 564
Dicentra, Bork.......see0..eeeeee 35
Canadensis, DC.. ........... 835
cucullaria, DC. ..6sc se sweasces 35
eximia, Hook ...+-..eeeee ene 36
eximia, Hook., var. 3.-+-+.+0+- 35
formosa, DC......-...++. 36, 485
saccita, Nutt.....ssssseeseeee 36
Diervilla, Tourn.......2.. 0 seeeee 198
Canadensis, Willd.... ...+... 198
humilis, Pers..... ceecee ceeees 198
lutea, Purshic ss: scenes s0seaees 198
Tournefortit, Mx.... 6... ceca 198
trifida, Moench.......... 198, 540
Dieteria canescens, Nutt......+..... 218
Digitalis; Dniow ont sean eieanccevusn 360
PUPPUTCA Li. Le isc seesens eas 3860
Diotis lanuta, Pursh............... 403
Diplopappus albus, Hook...... .... 228
var. lutescens, Hook....... 228
amygdalinus, Hook........... 229
canescens, Hook.....- sterei aera 231
Silifolius, Hook... 6... cee cen cess
grandiflorus, Hook
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
hispidus, Hook.......+- renee
linariifolius, Hook......+.....229
ludescens;, DC ac xsiesioe's see's a 228
pinnatifidus, Hook.......5 +6 209
umbellatus, Hook
villosus, Hook.+0. css cee eevee
Diplotaxis, DO......... seca eeee es
MUPAlis) DC sisi ve wre tas whe
tenuifolia, DC.......--+ sees
DIPSACHH (LI).cceeee cece ceeeeecees
Dipsacus, L...... ee seer ee eee econ
sylvestris, Mill. .
Dirca, Le... evens ec ee eee eeeene
palustris, i. erg gbigh ers. ke wei eo ares
Dodecatheon, L......ce seer eeeeee
dentatum, Hook......-.++. +++
frigidum, Cham. & Schlecht. . .312
tntegrifolium, Mx..-. see. se. 312
Meadia, L....+. essen ee 812, 565
var. frigidum, Gr..... 312,565
var. lancifolium, Gr....... 312
var. latilobum, Gr.. 312
var, Macrocarpum, Gr... -. 312
Donia glutinosa, Hook....+. --+ees 209
lanceolata, Hook......++--+ees 210
squarrosa, Pursh.....++ees sees 208
uniflora, HOOk ...sse sree eeeees 210
Douglasia, Lindl......-.--.-+00 311
arctica, Hook.....--.-.+5+-6- 312
nivalis, Lindl..... oo BLL
Draha,. loessewsiastveescea dieeee ss 49
algida, Adams........ ....5- . 49
alpina, Dis.tics eees costes 49, 488
var. algida, Regel......... 49
var. corymboxa, Durand .. 50
var. glacialis, Dickie. ..50, 488
var. hebecarpa, Lindl..... 49.
var. micropetala, Durand... 50
alpina, var. 8., Hook. .......-. 49
alpina, var. 6., Hook.........- 50
androsacea, Wahl......... 51, 488
arabisans, Mx............ 52, 489
aurea, Vahl.....-.+..seeee 52, 489
borealis, DC.......... cece ee ae 51
Canadensis, Brunet.....-..... 52
Caroliniana, Walt............ 52
confusa, Elrh...see cece cecees 51
corymbosa, R.Br........0..... 50
crassifolia, Gr...... 2... 51, 489
densiflora, Nutt. © -..-..... 50
glabella, Pursh ess o2sssas aac 52
glahella, Rich.......... sees 51
glacialis, Adams.......... 0.46 50
PAYER Dina inde wwe cumees aero 51
hirta, vars. 3 and 4, Hook..... 51
hispidula, MXissargdua ose aeaiy 52
hyperborea, Desv.........+..- 52
var. siliquosa, Gr........ 53
ineana: Wis sb cecis oe cake cave 51,489
var. borealis, T. & G...... 51
var. confusa, Poir...... 51, 489
INDEX
PAGE. PAGD.
levigata, Cham. & Schlecht... 55 Lappula, Lehm.......... 336, 568
levipes, DC.....2.- cece ee see. 50 patulum, Lebm....+-++++++4-- 336
Lapponica, Willd........+.. 51 Redowskii, Lehm., var. cupu-
lutea, Gilib..... ce cece cece ee ee 52 latum, Gr......eeeeee 336
var. longipes, Hook........ 52 var. occidentale, Wat. .336, 568
méicropetala, Hook.......2.+e- 50 Virginicum, Lehm....... 336, 568
muralis, Wook....6. ee eeee eens 52 | Hehiut, Lsssenedeaceeeesa se eeaea
muricella, Wahl...... aaa Ry wis 50 Menziesti, Lehm ‘
nemoralis, Ehrh......-...+... 52 vulgare, Lescsanas ves aera aad
nemorosa, L., var. a., leiocarpa, Edosmia Gairdneri, Nutt... --..++ 180
TUE owas asnanavsin 52 | ELmAGNACEM (LXXXIX)...--+-+e00- 420
var. B., hebecarpa, Lindl. ¢ 52 | Eleagnus, L.........-2-.---000-e 420
: {48 argentea, PurShie oe ceence cece 420
var. lutea, Wat...-. ...... Elateriuim trifoliatum, L.-.. .-+++. -176
oblongata, R. Br.......... 205. ELATINEE (XVIII)..-seeeee sere eens 84
oligosperma, Hook...........+ Hlatitie, Visaawiy wucwsae eee desees
paueiflora, R.Br........e..0-- Americana, Arn.....-..+....
rupestris, R. Br..... 2.2... Ellisia; Liv. catscsaswe cunn st Senne
Stellata, Jacq....++ csceese nee Nyctelea, Lessee ceee ce eeeees f
var. hebecarpa, DC Elodes, Adns......-+. ++. .
var. Johannis, Regel. ..50, 488 campanulata, Pursh 5
var. nivalis, Regel..... 50, 488 Virginica, Nutt. ....-. 0-2. .0e-
stellata, Jacq. ...+. seceeeeeeee 50 | EMPETRACDA (XCIX)..-+eee see eeeeee
stenoloba, Ledeb............. 489 | Empetrum, L...... sss... sere ees
Unalaschkiana, DC.......-..4. 51 nigrum, L.. eehiviiarstandis
VOL As Liteon ocdai cs rsaatavnioinatgetee 53 Endolepis Suckleyana, Tort: ‘ieee ae 402
Dracocephalum, L............008- 887 | Epigeay Lewisenneescancenvnn vars 297
parviflorum, Nutt............ 387 répens,. Laserseccees ieee eeawes 297
Varginianum, Willd........... 389 | Epilobium, L........ 0.0. .eee eee 168
variegatum, Vent....-.--e ee. 389 affine, Bong............ 171, 530
Drosera, Dies s.si-sareaencnnevioo ed ca 165 alpinum, L.............. 169, 530
Anglica, Huds.......---- 165, 529 var. nutans, Lehm........ 169
intermedia, Drevy. & Hayne, alpinum, var. majus, Wahl ....169
var. Americana, DC...166, 529 angustifolium, L............. 168
linearis, Goldie. .........+ 000+ 166 var. canescens, Wood..168, 530
longifolia, Misiva Getadacte annie 166 coloratum, Muhl.........
rotundifolia, Lu... 2... eee eee 165 latifolium, L..... 20.0... ee ee
DROSERACDE (XXXV).. eee eee cee eee 165 luteum, Pursh...........
Dryas yiliivontecctvasien canbe wareatmcertan 132 minutum, Lindl..........
Drummondii, Hook...... 132, 515 molle, Torr...- esses eens
integrifolia, Vahl........+..+- 132 origanifolium, Lam
octopetala, L............ 132,515 oliganthum, Mx....-..ese eens
var. integrifolia, Cham. & PalWStV, Li ica Seas wade ne
Schlecht......... 132, 515 var. lineare, Gr. ....+-++6.
tenella, Purgh..cesesscsreecee 132 palustre, Greece seer csencceere
Dysodia, Cav....2.cceccececeeces 251 var. albescens, Rich........ 170
chrysanthemoides, Lag...... 251 var. albiflorum, Hook..... 170
paniculatun, Nutt....... 170, 580
e pubescens, Rothr............. 171
Echinacea, Moench.......-+ ++. roseum, Schreb...-..see. sees 171
angustifolia, DC........++ rosmarinifolium, Pursh........ 170
purpurea, Moench......-.+.-- tenellum, Raf....6. ce eeeeee. 170
Echinocystis, T. & Geese eee ceeeee tetragonum, L...... 6.0 Bates 169
lobata, T. & G........ vee 177, 582 tetragonum, Pursh...-seeeeeee 170
Echinopanazx horridus, Decaisne....189 | Epimedium hexandrum, Hook...... 30
Echinospermum, Swartz.........- 335 | Epiphegus, Nutt.................. 374
brachycentrum, Ledeb., var. Americana, Nutt...... ee. eee 874
brachystylum, Gr...... 568 Virginiana, Bartbisnsrscescw alveietes 874
deflexum, Lehm......... 335,567 | Erechtites, Raf..-.....-..6. cece 262
diffusum, Lehm.............- 567 hieracifolia, Rafiacs axccee 262
floribundum, Lehm....... 835, 567 hieracifolia, Raf.. 1. .....ee. 268
592
PAGE.
ERIO\CHE (LVI). +00 cee eee eee eres 294
Erigenia, Nutt..-..-....+ sissies 180
bulbosa, Nutt 180
Erigeron, L....... ...cee eee eee
acris, L...... cece ee cee e ee
var. debilis, Gray...--...- 548
var. Droebachensis, Blytt { 235
547
alpinus, L........---+0+- 234, 547
var. y. elata, Hook.....--- 234
alpinus, Pursh.....+2 seesee eee 231
amnuus, Pers..eee.-+seeeeceee 234
armeriefolius, Turz.....--..- 235
asperum, DC..-. seeaee eeeeee 232
Bellidiastrum, Nutt.......... 234
pellidifolius, Muhl....... 233, 547
ceespitosus, Nutt. ....0.--+-...231
Canadensis, L........2+ .eeeee 235
canescens, T. & Gi... eeee ween 231
compositus, Pursh. ...... .230, 547
var. discoideus, Gr..-.--+ 230
var. glabratus, Macoun... f 231
547
var. trifidus, Gr........-. 231
concinnus, T. & G....ee ee eeee 231
corymbosus, Nutt........ 231, 547
eriocephalus, J. Vahl......... 547
filifolius, Nutt......--.... 520 230
flagellaris, Gr........---0---- 548
Slorifer, Hook. .ce.-+e eeeeeeee 218
glabellus, Nutt........--0-6-. 232
var. asperus, T. & G...... 232
var. mollis, Gr.....-+.--. 233
var. pubescens, Hook..... 232
glabellus, var. mucronatus, Hook.232
glabratus, Hook.....--.+. +++ 235
var. minor, Hook......... 235
grandiflorus, Hook........... 232
heterophyllum, Muhl........+. 234
hirsutus, Pursh....+-+- eseees. 231
hyssopifolius, Mx............ 229
Kamtschaticus, DC....+.-..005 235
lanatus, Hook........... .232, 547
lonchophyllus, Hook. ......---- 235
macranthus, Nutt............ 232
nervosum, Pursh...+..+2eeeees 234
peucephyllus, Gr............. 230
Philadeiphicus, L............. 233
poliospermus, Gr......--...-. 548
pulchellus, a, HOOK... 2200202 veee 232
pulchellus, MX..s+ cece cece cece 233
pumilus, Nutt .........-.008 231
purpureus, Hook.......-2+ 000s 233
radicatus, Hook........+..+.. 230
salsuginosus, Gr......... 233, 547
var. Unalaschensis, Less. .233
speciosus, DC...........0.+-- 232
strigosus, Muhl.............. 234
strigosus,var.hispidissimus,Hook 231
trifidus, Hook. ... eeseee ceveee 231
uniflorus, L............6: 231, 547
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
Eriogonum, Mx........ eae sales
androsaceum, Benth. 3
cespitosum, Hook.....+..
crassifolium, Hook......++-e06
flavum, Nutt....... 2.000 sae.
heracleoides, Nutt...........-
multiceps, Nees......
ovalifolium, Nutt.......-...+.
sericeum, Pursh..-+-ess0-ee0e
umbellatum, Torrey........+.
Eriogynia pectinata, Hook......... 127
Eriophyllum, Lag..........++ +00. 249
cespitosum, Dougl...... .-..+6 249
var. integrifolium, Gr..... 551
var. leucophyllum, Gr..... 249
Eritrichium, Schrad..........-.-. 336
aretioides, DO... ... cece cece eee 336
Californicum, DC............- 337
Chamissonis, DC.......-00 eee 336
Chorisianum, DC......... 337, 568
circumscissum, Gr..-.+...sser 568
crassisepalum, T. & G.......- 337
fulvum, A.DC...-.......5 337, 568
fuluum, Wat... ssc sceeccceeees 337
glomeratum, DC.. ....... 337
var. bumile, Gr........+- 338
leiocarpum, Wat.......-.+0+6 337
leucopheum, A.DC........... 338
nanum, Schrad., var. aretioides,
Herder sscscis ss ves
var. Chamissonis, Herder. .336
plebeium, A.DC.............. 337
Scouleri, A.DC....... ..... » «568
tenellum, Gr............5 337, 568
Torreyi, Gr.... ceccee ce wees 568
Erodium, L’Her...... egies bree e's + OL
cicutarium, L’Her......... 91, 502
moschatum, Willd............ 91
Erophila vulgaris, DC..... areca ade 53
Ervum hirsutum, Le...s. eee oe -120
multiflorum, Pursh...... .++++: 114
tetraspermum, Li....... eee eeees 120
Erysimum, L............eeceveee 45
asperum, DC...............0. 45
aspervm var. inconspicuum, Wat 45
cheiranthoides, L......... 45, 487
grandiflorum, Nutt...... 02.60. 48
lanceolatum, Hook.... ....+..+ 45
Officinale, L...e cecaceee ce eeeee 46
orientale, R. Br........ ....05 45
parviflorum, Nutt.........45,487
Euonymous, Tourn..........e800¢ 95
Americanus, L., var. obovatus,
PRG GEG os &> winGaicle aie 95
atropurpureus, Jacq.......... 95
Eupatorium, L...... ce sees cece 206
ageratoides, L......... ae Senne 206
amenum, Pursh..... «sare ensiovere 206
faleatum, Mx
: INDEX 593
PAGE, PAGE.
perfoliatum, L........ ceeceee 206 Palmella, Hook.......+ te see aveteecss 186
punctatum, Willd.... «sss eeee, 206 villosa, Walt... cee cece vevece 186
purpureum, L....e..eeeee 206,541 | FIcoIDEM (XLIV)..+++ seeeseeeeeeee ye
var. maculatum, Darl..... 541 | Floerkea, Willd.......... sese.eee
rotundifolium, L............. 207 proserpinacoides, Willd....91, sna
scandens: Leese sive ees sarnas 207 uliginosa, Mubhl......--+....-
urticefolium, Reich........--.206 | Fragaria, Tourn........ see sseeee 135
Euphorbia, Lie... . eee cece cece 424 Canadensis, Mx. ....6. ceceee es 135
commutata, Engelm.......... 426 Chilensis, Duchesne...... 135, 516
Corollata, Lies a cce nee « wxsiersere 425 var. Scouleri, Hook....... 135
Cyparissias, L..... esse eee 426 Chilensis, vars. 3. & y., T. & G. .135
glyptosperma, Engelm........ 425 NOSCAy Wiss ssnaleece dw ecgiarsiane e905 135
Helioscopia, L....... eeeeee es 426 Virginiana, Duchesne........ 135
herniarioides, Nutt............424 | Framseria, Cav. ......eeeeee cee ees 241
hypericifolia, L..............427 bipinnatifida, Nutt....... 241, 549
hypericifolin, Leese cece ceeeees 425 Chamissonis, Less........... 241
Maculata, Lio awieesc.nvdidioe wee 425 Hookeriana, Nutt............ 241
obtusata, Pursh........-seeee 426 | Frasera, Walt........2-see eee eee 326
Peplus, L...........- Ristori Caroiinensis, Walt...........- 326
platy phylla, L Walteri, Mx....- ccc eeee econ 326
polygonifolia, L........eeeees 494. | Bvaxinus, Lis wninecane cee ste cweaies 316
polygonifulia, Hook........-+. 425 acuminata, Lam......++ vesees 316
serpens, HBK..........+6-e05 424 Americana, L....e. eee eee eee 316
serpyllifolia, Pers...........-- 424 Americana, Hook. oevces seseee 316
thymifolia, Willd..........208 425 Caroliniana, Pursh......-..4. 316
EUPHORBIACER (XCI)..--6-...0006 0424 epipterd, Mx..+. cscseeeeeeees 316
Euphrasia, L. ...... cs ecee eee sees 367 juglandifolia, Willd.........+. 316
latifolia, Pursh......-..206... 367 Oregana, Nutt..........eeceee
officinalis, L................- 367 pubescens, Lam..............
var. Tartarica, Benth..... 367 pubescens, Willd......eeee.see
officinalis, var. 3., Hook....... 367 quadrangulata, Mx
Eurotia, Adans.....ccceeseeeeeee 403 sambucifolia, Lam
ceratuides, Hook.....e.eee eee 403 VAPIGIS) Mats ada vatnhie eee nynes
Janata, Moq.-+e--2 sc eeee cece 4038 | Fremontia vermicularis. ....2. c2..0e
Eurybia corymbosa, Cass.......... 219 | Bamariay Lis essai ase'e'eeas ois wistereiete
macrophylla, Hook......2++60+ 219 Cucullaria, Mx......sscee sees
Eutoca Franklinii, R. Br......+... 333 Officinalis, L..cecsscce ceceees
Menziesii, Benth....... Rati ed 333 parviflora, Le...s .seee see ceee
sericed, Lehm.....cesceeeceeee POC: NE Kc 6 wares sisi0s ein Sis be accra
Eutrema, R. Br........ sempervirens, Mx
arenicola, Rich..... FUMARIACBE (IX)..0e00 ceceeeseeoee
Edwardsii, R. Br
Gaillardia, Fourgeroux........... 250
Fagopyrum, Geertn..........-+66. 414 acaulis, Pursh..... .sssse sees 250
en Moench.....+.++- 414 aristata, Pursh.....60..-. eee 250
Pagus, Liss soe ost s vecenaweaes na 444 bicolor, Latins + ssa aesias axes 250
ferruginea, ‘Aiton.. «+. 444 | Galatella graminifolia, Hook........ 229
sylvatica, Walter.....-++ esses 444 nemoralis, NE@S....6 seeeee eens 227
sylvestris, Mx....+.--- CBee aie oe 444 | Galega Virginiana.
Fatsia, Benth & Hook...........+ 189 | Galeopsis, L...... aie ‘
horrida, Benth. & Hook.. 189 Ladanum, L.................390
537 Tetrabit, Lies ses csi gasrewencras 390
Fedia, Moench......e..eee seveees 205° | Galium, Di. sosew dees eicdicege's vies 200
olitoria, Vahl........--+se0-- 205 Aparine, L ......eceesee sees 200
Feorula, Lessa sesnee tees sesenees 188 var. Vaillantii, Koch...... 202
Canadensis, Le...s aigaeacees «184 asprellum, Mx........... 201, 540
Gissecta, GL. -eseee coves ceeeee 188 Bermudianum, sian sucedierosaveters 203
dissoluta, Wat.....--..++ 188, 537 boreale, L..... saialednne nse 20S
feniculacea, Nutt.....++ oteeee 187 brachiatum, Pursh..+. sss. ss0. 202
multifida, Gr..sceeseceseseee «188 Circeezans, Mx.......es000 «202
594
PAGE.
circezans, 8. lanceolatum, T. & G..202
var. montanum, T, & G....203
Claytont, Hook. .... +26 eeeeee 201
Kamtschaticum, Steller. ..203, oe
lanceolatum, Torr......--+++-2
Mollugo, L.........--0 ee eeee 201
obtusum, Bigel......-seeseees 201
pilosum, Aite..e seni aeese 202
rubioides, Le... seeeee sees cece 203
septentrionale, Rich....++.---- 203
Strictum, Torr. .-.s0- eeeees 201, 203
tincturium, Le ..ccec ceeeen eens 201
tricorne, L..............06-- 540
trifidum: Ue aietecesaaeras cate 201
var. bifolium, Macoun....202
var. latifolium, Torr.....-- 201
var. pusillum, Gr....-- 201, 540
var. tinctorium, T. & G....201
triflorum, Mx........-0.. eee 202
Verum, Li.eesee se cee eee e eee 203
Gaultheria, L............ Seliogs es 295
hispidula, Muhl........+.--+- 294
Myrsinites, Hook........ 295, 562
Ovatifolia, Gr..ccee seen eens 295
procumbens, L...e.e. oe eee 2 295
serpyllifolia, Pursh.......-.++- 294
Shallon, Pursh..........0.-4- 295
Gaura, Joes secscaseevien sssaeen ses 174
biennis, L.......-. 6-0 174,531
coccinea, Nutt...... .-.eee eee 174
glabra, Lehm..........0..00- 174
marginata, Lehm....... e...6- 174
Gaylussacia, HBK............... 289
dumosa, T. & G...... eee eens 289
resinosa, T. & G......20 coeees 289
Gentian, Io.icssvsseae wesc esaes 321
CULE, , MES io cce stadia 2 OSA eteee 822
var. stricta, Hook......... 322
affinis, Griseb.......--.+- 324, 566
albai Mull iiss eedias « eccicsiesia 824
Aleutica, Cham. & Schlecht.... .322
Amarella, L., cur. acuta, 322
Hook, f. 566
var. stricta, Wat........- 322
var. tenuis, Gr.....-..--- 322
amarelloides, Pursh.........-. 323
Andrewsii, Griseb......-- 324, 566
arctophila, GriseD'e «0646 ssisrg ore 822
GUT, Lice veewwsleas seek e450 329
auriculata, Pall..............321
calycosa, Griseb-.......20e00 323
crinita, Froel..... 2.2... eee eee 821
detonsa, Fries...... 2.222000. 321
Douglasiana, Bong........... 323
Forwoodii, Gr...... ..... 000 566
frigida, Heenke.......-....... 303
glauca, Pallesciscccseesesves +823
humilis, Stev................ 323
linearis, Freel................ 325
var. lanceolata, Gr... .325,566
nivalis, L....-..... isles wae. O6
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE,
ochroleuca, Froel........-.000. 824
Oregana, Engelm............ 324
platypetala, Griseb........... 323
Pneumonanthe, Willd.........325
propinqua, Rich......... » 322, 566
prostrata, Heenke..........+- 323
puberula, Mx..seee. sees 324, 566
quinqueflora, Lam....... 323, 566
saponaria, L... ee
saponaria, var. linearis, Griseb. +325
sceptrum, Griseb...........+. 323
serrata, Gunner.... «+--+ +321
tenella, Rottb...... .-ssee eee 321
tenuis, Griseb......eee cece sees 322
ventricosa, Griseb......-....- 321
GENTIANACED (LXIV). eeseesseseeee 320
GERANIACBE (XXIII). eee ee eee ee +. 90
Geranium, L...........ee eee noes 90
albiflorum, HOOK veces was escitied 90
var. incisum, T. & G...... 90
Carolinianum, L.......-..... 90
erianthum, DC............+++ 90
Fremonti, Torr............ 90, 502
Hookerianum, Walp.......- 90, 502
incisum, Wilbon 90, 502
maculatum, Di snueinaiea dasa’ s-655 90
maculatum, var. B., Hook....-- 90
moles Te. ees ogee Se 91, 502
pratense, L..... a tere ai ste ateiare 90
pusillim, Lessee wcdecene ss 91, 502
Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey.. { 90
502
Robertianum, L............65 91
Gerardi, Vi.sscieis, sa c-cde voces srere 363
aspera, Dougl....-....... 363, 571
erecta, Walt. eis: siee wages 9sien 364
flay as Db ssiies: pievive tesuens x 26 363
Sruticosa, Purshs wovesd sees oe es 354
aniegrifolia, GYsscwave ween ss’ 363
longifolia, Nutt. ....6.ceeeveee 368
pedicularia, L............ 0045 363
purpurea, L..... ....0. ee eee 363
var. paupercula, Gr. ....-. 364
“purpurea, SIMS..--.eeeeee ewes 364
quercifolia, Pursh...... 2.6.65 363
tenuifolia, Vahl.......... 364, 571
war, asperula, Gr..... 2-6 571
GON) Waseicay cneaoe eaeaiadua vate s 183
album, Gmelin............... 133
calthifolium, Menzies......... 134
Canadense, Murr...........065 133
ciliatum, Pursh......seeeeeees 134
glaciale, Fisch..........-.... 134
macrophyllum, Willd...- 133,515
pubescens, Hook...... cece eens 134
radiatum, Pursh......+s.0..0. 134
PIV GO ites sie srensteresnensiaveie cs 133, 515
Rossii, Seringe. ...... 6.0.0... 134
var. humile, T. & G. ...... 134
strictum, Ait.............006. 133
PAGH. ' PAGE.
triflorum, Pursh............. 134 squarrosa, Dunal........... -.208
vernum, T. & G..cese cece anes 133 StH, DC va scsienn eters tesa ere 209
Virginianum, L.......... 133,515 | Gutierrezia, Lagasca.........--.5+ 208
Virginianum, Murr........+- +133 Euthamie, T. & G.... ese eee 208
Gilia, Ruiz & Pav......----ee cee 329 | Gymnandra, Pall............-.65. 378
aggregata, Spreng..........+5 330 Gmelini, Cham. & Schl....... 378
capitata, Dougl.............5- 330 rubra, Dougl.....s2s.seseeees 360
inconspicua, Dougl.......... 830 Stelleri, Cham. & Schl........ 378
intertexta, Steud......... 330,566 | Gymnocladus, Lam.............. 123
liniflora. oe he pharnace-. Canadensis, Lam......... 123, 512
Odes, GY. -+- ee ee aes
MANINA, Gocco cccecoee cucece 330
minutiflora, Benth........... 330 TAMIR Oral bik een cedc eles
pharnaceoides, Benth........... 329 Feces (eigen a
pulchella, Dougl......+. eee cece 330 deflexa:. Graal cerccana sxe 3968
squarrosa, Hook. & Arn...... 330 dar. Brentoniana: Gi xccn. 396
,, tenella, Benth....-..-.-..-+. 33 heterantha, Griseb...+.. 02.00. 326
a susie B38 sls : Sra HALORAGE® (XXXVI). ..-.ee..e.eee 166
eae 315 Lame? (XXXVI)..--2---- ee md
di a PPE METRES ay ET ETS amamelis, L...... sees eee eee ;
maritima, Lisecones ssw seca 315 | Virginiana, L.se.c. ceeece cece 4
Glechoma hederacea, Willd......-.. 387 eR leten co Si ear eke a
Gleditschia, Le...s... ceeeee cee aee 124 Agaulian Grice shkcncowere 210. 542
_ triacanthos, L....+. +++ esses 124. var. glabratus, Wat... .210,542
Glycine Apios, L..-- 1... + +++ eee ee 122 Brandigeii, Gr................
tan einen eRe aoteias ce lanceolatus, T. & G......
oveidentale, Nutt. +++... We | Selgte
ee toe sre ree tere e ees ae Nuttallii, 1. & Ge... eee
fooling igo cecaeccave 00-||_ taifiome Mae occ
var. glutinosa, Wat....... 109. | tedeoma, Pers
Gnaphalium, L....-...-......0.. 237 hispida, Pursh a ee Ne eis
Americanum, Pursh.....+...+. 238 1b, zi id Bee gig as eee a
: : pulegioides, Pers.............
Chamissonis, DC...-++ eee cees 238 Hedyoti H
decurrens, Ives.......... acne DBT edyotis coerulea, Hook...+....+++
decurrens, var. 2, Hook...:.... 237 cerulea, ee Brvsvesereee ees
luteo-album, Hook......2+. +005 237 eee oe CD AED 6
margaritaceum, Willd.......-. 237 ongifolta, HOOk.....+.+-+ sess
microcephalum, Nutt......... 548 | Hedysarum, Tourn...............
Norvegicum, Gunner.......... 238 acuminatum, MX....... 6s. eee
palustre, Nutt.......66. see. 238 alpinum, Rich....+. eee eeeees
plantagineum, Willd.......... 235 var. Americanum, Mx..... 117
polycephalum, Mx........... 238 boreale, Nutt............ 117, 510
purpureum, L............ 238, 548 var. albiflorum, Macoun. .510
Sprengelii, Hook. & Am...... 237 “sedi ae weet tee e teens e
Tas, Ve Ls isin nyiore: cnzenaker eee 238 7 tint nee tees
ee eens ue
uliginosum, L..----0+seee eee 238 canescens, Le... - esses veee eens 118
Godetia, Spach......seeseeee sense 173 canescens, Nutt........... 117,511
amcena, Lilja....---.+... 173,531 ciliare, Muth esccssviecasenen ceainee 119
epilobioides, Wat....... 22.65. 531 cuspidatum, Mubl......+ +++... 118
quadrivalnera, Spach......... 173 Mackenzii, Rich......... 117,511
Gratiola. ‘liicsncceesectes cea deeees 358 Marilandicum, Willd.......... 118
ne en WN cithaneaveheas 359 ee senses ceeeeenens a
aurea, Muhl....---...-. +006. 359 MALU, Lie sees ceeeeecaes
ebracteata, Benth.......... 358 rotundifolium, Mx a hat aeeroweergie ase 118
officinalis, Mx.... 0.0. seee sees 359 viridiflorum, Willd.........+4. 118
Virginiana, L......-.2++06-.- 358 | Heleastrum album, De. esenaa knee 228
Grindelia, Willd..............0-. 908 | Helenium, Dos wea ssiscicsees-soieess 249
integrifolia, DC........+- 209, 542 autumnale, Lissee xeitdo.é 249, 552
26
596
PAGE.
Helianthemum, Tourn..........-+ 60
Canadense, Mx........... 60, 491
corymbosum, Pursh....-..-++. 60
ramuliflorum, Mx ..+.0. see ees 60
rosmarinifolium, Pursh...-.+++ 60
Helianthus, L.......-..-. eeeeee 243
ADHGIS) Drcigiec. ved temmrna cee’ 248
atrorubens, Hook... -..-+ eeeee 244
decapetalus, L....... 245, 549-350
divaricatus, L.....-...... eee 245
divaricatus, MK scoee+eeessese 245
doronicoides, Lam...........+ 246
frondosus, Hook........05.-++ 245
giganteus, L..........0 sees 244
lenticularis, Dougl.......++.00-. 243
Maximiliani, Schrad..... 245, 550
microcephalus, T. & G.sseeeeee 245
multiflorus, Hook....+.--e+.. 243,
Nuttallii, T. & G.. .......244, 550
parviflorus, Bernh......-..+.. 245
petiolaris, Nutt........... 244, 550
pumilus, Nutt............ 245, 550
rigidus, Desf. var. 8. T.
CEG sci ciote'e 6 Game wrtnee nes 244
StPUNIOSUSs Liisis'e s os woes garehoeimin 244
tracheliifolius, Holmes.... ..245
tuberosus, L......--+.-2. 245,550
Heliopsis, Pers.... ...eee eee eens 242
levis, Pers..-22..ceee cc neeeee 242
levis, var. scabra, T. & G...... 242
scabra, Dunal............ 242,549
Heliotropium, L.............. 6265 334
Curassavicum, L...... ...... 334
Helmintha echioides, L....... .++06 558
Helosciadium Califurnicum, Hook.. .534
Tlepatica acutiloba, DC....+....... 14
triloba, Chaik........-.20.-0e 14
var. acuta, Pursh....... .. 14
Heracleum, L.......0.2..02..+.+.187
lanatum, Mx........ Serre 187
Hesperis;. iss sis sais serene oo 2G 49
matronalis, L......-......... 49
minima, T. & Gui. ec ee eee eee 48
Pallasii, T. & Gives ceceee eens 48
pinnatifida, Mx........+-000.. 58
pygmxa, Hook.........2.000. 48
Heterocodon, Nutt............06. 289
rariflorum, Nutt............. 289
Heucheray, Ds sic se 0:4 v0 as sieeraeee 157
Americana, L........-. se. 158
cortusa,; MR ice os sewnes sentews 158
cylindrica, Dougl.........+++. 158
var. alpina, Wate... .....5 526
glabella, T. & Giees cece eeeeee 158
glabra, Willd............ 157,526
Halli, Gravee tes ¢ ie elcisists 158, 526
hispida, Pursh............-.-. 158
longipetala, MoG....+. see eee 156
Menziesii, Hook..........-... 155
micrantha, Dougl........ 157,526
ovalifolia, Nutt........ eierntiere ss 158
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
PAGE.
parvifolia, Nutt........... 158, 526
Richardsonii, R. Br..........-- 158
viscida, Pursh...... 202 eeeee 158
Aitbiseus,, Ibs woes cies cemeoursess ae 87
Moscheutos, L............87, 501
palustris, Lr. cee cece cece cee eee 87
Trionum, L........e..eees 87,501
Hieracium, L...... .-.cee sees cece 275
albiflorum, Hook......... 277, 557
arcticum, Froel........ +22 see 276
Aurantiacum, L...........-.- 557
Canadense, Mx.......- sesee. 275
Canadense, var. angustifolium,
TGs adeaias ts o8-ouree 275
fasciculatum, Pursh.........+. 275
gracile, Hook..........-. 276,557
var. detonsum, Gr....277, 557
Gronovil, Divencseeess cotece ns 276
Gronovii, B., Hook.....-..+.-+ 276
longipilum, Torr.........-..+6 276
macrophyllum, Pursh........++ 275
molle, Pursh. .-+.00 seee seeeee 275
murorum, L..........60. 275, 557
paniculatum, L............. 276
Pilosella, Liss sees cose sacs 2275
prenanthoides, Hook.......... 275
scabrum, Mx...... 2.65 ceeeee 276
Scouleri, Hook............ 276, 557
sylvaticum, Schlecht......-..+. 275
triste, Cham..........es0 cece 276
triste, T. & Gu. ceccc eee ee eee 276
umbellatum, L..........- eee 275
Vancouverianum, Arvet-Touvet.277
Venosum, L........ .eceee eoee 276
VENOSUM, Liseecva ccccceccceace 274
virgatum, Pursh.. «2-2... +++400275
_ Vulgatum, Fries .........275,557
Hippophae argentea, Pursh........ 422
Canadensis, Willd............ 421
Hippuris;. Lessa siecas: 2s saiaineee 167
maritima, Hellenius...... 167, 529
montana, Ledeb......... 168, 529
vulgaris, L............24. 167, 529
Holosteum succulentum, L.... 00+. 4
Homalobus cexspitosus, T. & G...... 114
canescens, T. & Gewesveceseee. 114
decumbens, Nutt...... 1.22.25 114
dispar, Nutt........ 0.2. ceeeee 114
multiflorus, T. & G........ 000114
Honkenya oblongifolia, T. & G...... 73
peploides, Ehrh........ 2.00. - 73
Hosackia, Dougl.................107
bicolor, Dougl....... siamesaes 107
decumbens, Benth........
lata, Nutbcasydieuecieie dda wisvaane
floribunda, Nutt...... 0.2.06.
mollis, Nutt.......esecsseeeee
parviflora, Benth. ......
pilosa, “Nutt ss eiesteaes ss 0% Hoe%
Purshiana, Benth. . ae
unifoliata, Hook......+. er
INDEX. 597
PAGB PAGE.
Houstonia, L..... secs eee cece enee 199 | Hypocherris, L...........-. ceeee - 284
angustifolia, Pursh........+ y+ 200 radicata, L....sesecees cecens 284
caerulea, Le... see ce ceee cee ees 200 glabra. . wee eb eel fete ves Oe
var, 8. minor, T. & G...... 200 Bye. Scop. peta fetalatetivelaer 4.4 $85 307
Linnexi 8. minor, Mx...... - +++ 200 lanuginosa, Nutt........- +. +807
purpurea, L., var. ciliolata, Hyssopus, L.....-...
GE ce hak Hole aGaedwna es officinalis, L.........
var. longifolia, Gr....200, 540 nepetoides, Willd
tenuifolia, Nutt....-.-.seee eee 200 scrophularizfolius, Willd......386
Hudsonia, L.........2-. eee eee 60 :
ericoides, L........eeee eee 60, 492
ericoides, Rich..-...++.-+. see 60 Tapia (REV) eiensicasveses eavex 93
tomentosa, Nutt.............. 60 |) Dek, Disses eeeeew ev esis se eaeees
Humulus, L.........- sdediats Sibir e Ban 429 Canadensis, Mx....+e..seeeee
Lupulus, L....e. eeeeee eee ee 429 glabra, Gr. ...eee cece cece ees
Hutchinsia calycina, Desv.......+++ 56 Glabra, Gr. sss eee cere seer veces
Hydrastis, L--... 2.0.02 cecece cece 27 Myrsinites, Pursh
Canadensis, L....-.0. sees 27, 483 opacd, Ait.... sees
Hydrocotyle, Tourn..........05-. 178 verticillata, Gr.......--.00-5-
ambigua, Pursh............++ 189 | [ovEcmBRACDm (LXXX)....-++..-
Americana, L....esseeeee eens 178 llysanthes, Raf..se ceccee sees veee
composita, Pursh..........e56 180 gratioloides, Benth. .........- 359
Hydropeltis purpurea, Mx.... . 31 |; Impations, L.......-.-seeeee seers 92
HyYpRoPHYLLAcesT (Lx biflora, Walt 92
VI)eee seeeee edd
; fulva, Nutt.....0. -eeeeeeee 92, 502
Hydrophyllum, Diswwegisesciicoeigracaig ees 331 nolitan M 92
gere, MX....eseeee ceeeee
appendiculatum, Mx......... 332 nolitangere, B, Mx...-++.0e sere 92
Canadense, L......---.0. eee 332 pallid - Nutt.....
capitatum, D OUBhesmen rere nes Oo) il Erp, Ee: «4 aces wool aata iemmo'ee
lineare, Pursh...-2..2.se. eee: 333 Helenium, L ee
Virginicum, L......-..-. Jonidium, Vent....0..-seee seers 6
Hymenolobus divaricatus, Nutt concolor, Benth. & Hook...
erectus, NUtb....00 esse cseeeees Tpomcen, Ldawessnatetanae cancers
Hymenopappus, L’Her........-.. pandurata, Meyer............
Douglasti, Hook ....+.-++++. + purpurea, Lam.............-. ‘
filifolius, HOO Ks ssoicice vic eeecas Isanthus, IME ese 63.51 0b Beer aloe dw we
tenuifolius, Haton...... +--+. ceruleus, Mx.. ‘aaa lennese
Hyoscyamus, L.... +... essen eee Isnardia alternifolia, De gewsee:
niger, L.... bs NUNGG, Mx sewn terawe vows aes
Hyoseris amplewicaulis, "Mx. ..... palustris, Lessee cece cece ceeeee
Virginica, L.esesecesececeeecs Tay Liss vsws Seep ames coas dees
HYPERICACER (XIX). .-ssee eee caee axillaris, Pursh.......+ sees
Hypericum, L............+-eeee xanthiifolia, Nutt............
anagalloides, Cham. jbeeebleckt. 85
ascyroides, Willd......+...... 84
Canadense, L........ eer eeee 85 | Jaumea, Pers...-..-.ee cece ce eeee 248
var. major, Gray...---.-+- 500 carnosa, Gr---. sees cece aes 248
corymbosum, Muhl.......... 85 | Jeffersonia, Barton.............66 380
ellipticum, Hook........-.... 85 Bartonis, Mx. ..sceescee vevees 30
Kalmianum, L.....-......6.. 84 dipbylla, Pers.......+.+.08 30, 483
macrucarpum, Mx....+++++++- 84 | JUGLANDDH (XCV)..--.ceececese ewes 433
maculatum, Mx... cece eee eee 85... Juglans; Dy. svar ans seve caeeaies soi 434
micranthum, Chois....+-.+++++ 85 cinerea, L......6. veces eee eee 434
mutilum, L.....-....-- ee eee 85 Nigra, Liew weeaiesnss's ves 434
parviflorum, Willd..-.....--+- 85 | Juglans alba, Mx........ .sscee cee 433
perforatum, L....... fives yucle 85 amara, Mx...... eee sr auaatase 434
pyramidatum, Ait......... 84,500 poreina, } IMESntk fe el asartetajone toby he 433
quinquenervium, Walt.....-++. a var. obcordata, Pursh. ....433
Sarothra, Mx........... var. pisifurmis, Pursh..... 433
Scouleri, Hook........ re: SBS, a0 squamosa, Mx
Virginicum, Levees ceceeevees 86 tomentosa, Mx......
re
*-
598
PAGE
Juniperus, Le...s... cece eens ee eee 461
Barbadensis, Mx...ee. ceeeeeee 462
communis, L........--++.e0. 462
var. alpina, L....+...++-- 462
communis, var. nana, Hook... -. 462
excelsa, Pursh.......22- ceeeee 461
NANA, Willd... ce. ce eeee ce ee ne 462
occidentalis, Hook...... +... 461
prostrata, Perg..+seesereeees . 463
Sabina, L. var. procumbens,
PUTS He teieisieigy tse:hie fase oe 018 463
Sabina, var. 3, humilis, Hook. . .463
Sean L
Virginiana, L.
Justicia pedunculosa, “Mx. meney vawan DTT
Kalmiay: Tiis.ian avasednendcewsinas 300
angustifolia, L.......-...-.-. 300
plancas Aitiies ie ces vee ees 300
glauca, var. microphylla, Hook.300
glauca,var. rosmarinifolia, Hook.300
latifolia, L
Kentrophyta montana, Nutt.......- 114
viridis, NUtt... eee cece eres 114
KGnigia, Lissincsweey eves s awawes 407
Islandica, L........--... «+407
Krigia, Schreb.........-.0 scenes 278
amplexicaulis, Nutt.......... 273
leptophylla, DC....-..+-eee eee 273
Virginica, Willd.............- 273
LABIATH (LXXVII)..--- eee eee cee eee 379
Drab eaig la. s+ esisiscnne w asc-eceneiaseca ne 280
Canadensis, L.... --..2. cee eee 280
elongata, Muhl...... ........ 280
var. integrifolia, T. & G....280
var. sanguinea, T. & G..... 280
Floridana, Gertn........ 2.05. 281
hirsuta, Muhl................ 280
integrifolia, Bigel....+.....-. 280
leucopbeea, Gr...... 2-46. 281, 559
longifolia, Mx........0. 0.2065 280
pulchella, DC.. sqecee sees ZO
Sativa, Liew csees vewwwwss ries ose 281
Lamilum, Losses saauiiae cae eee an 390
SIbUM Dress aaa Tete. caudex 390
amplexicaule, a Seen OE Benn tee 390.
purpureum, L......-.. ......390
Lampsana, Tourn................ 273
communis, L...........0. 273, 556
Laportea, Gaudiohy.ssues usann sere 431
Canadensis, Gaudich......... 431
Lappa major, IG Rittieedy auscsc sxe 268
officinalis, All, var. major, Gr. . .268
Larbrea uliginosa, Hook.........- 75
Wanix, Mill essen ce cad ace earns 475
‘Americana, Messe ecicide aiyihale 475
intermedia, Lodd............- 475
-Lyallii, Parlatore............. 476
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE
microcarpa, Desf..+.+. .-..08 475
occidentalis, Nutt............ 475
pendula, Salisb......--.e...05 475
tenuifolia, Salisb......-..+se05 475
Laserpitium hirsutum, Hook & Arn. 185
Lathyrus, L........-. essen eee
Aphaca, Li s.. vseessiees essex
decaphyllus, Hook. ....+2 eeeeve
dissitifolius, Nutt.....- saad
linearis, Nutt....00 cece cece eens
maritimus, Bigel...........-.
myrtifolius, Muhl........-. - +.
ochroleucus, Hook.... - F
paluster, Discs cccas steweweems
var. myrtifolius, Gr....... 122
pisiformis, Hook....-....6...- 121
pisitormis, Rich...........66- 122
pratensis, L........... eee eee 122
stipulaceus, LeConte..--.-.+-.. 122
venosus, Muhl.............-. 121
venosus, var. 0.,T. & G......--. 122
LAvRINES. (LXxxvit) BOM sae eeee -419
Laurus Benzoin, L....... needa etuaceesceye 419
Preudo- Benzoin, Mx iciea ce eee 419
Sassafras, Le... ceaseceeeeeeee 419
-Layia, Hook & Arn........006..--551
ee neles: Hook & Arn ..... 551
Lech hea, Taseens 366 3,nered wows saw ass 60
Major, Mx sveise cesar ees 60, 492
MINOT, Waltis ss. ccwlecccen ace 61
thymifolia, Pursh............ 61
PUO8G, PM soc. sietsaiacnasivcseeee vais 60
Dip d ins scien soe 2 se eileeeaeoe cee 301
glandulosum, Nutt... ...301,562
latifolium, Ait............... 301
palustre, L............... 301, 562
var. dilatatum, Wahl..... 301
palustre, var. angustifolium,
GOR sccisreisias eaiweaiaeaces é
var. latifolium, Haok
LEGUMINOS# (XXXI).. =
LENTIBULARIACEE (uxxm).. ous
Leontice sg ie Dseaete-s ates
Leontodon, L........ 0... ... cee eee 277
autumnalis, L................ 277
boreale, DC. eee. cece cece eee 277
hispidus, Tino reg aecotinew-ca eee 557
palustre, Smith............6.. 280
Taraxacum, Hook............ 279
DLeonurus).. Lissssi sana aesees sees 390
Cardiaca, Diysieiths sia 3e< ed ccaiocn 390
Lepachys columnaris, T. & G..-..05 243
var. r. puleherrima, T. & G...243
Lepidium, L........ cece cee es 56
Californicum, T. & Go... scene 57
campestre, R. Br.......... 57, 490
Draba,, Livswaaqunns 2 ccaiee ons 57
intermedium, Gr.......... 57,491
M wziesii, DC.......+..... 57, 491
Marmesii, var. 3., Hook........ 57
ruderale, Dicsiniiveniie sq nee'es , 490
INDEX. 599
PAGE. PAGR.
ruderale, Rich...cscseseeesess 57 | Linnea, Gronov....- ssi etea iene 195
sativum, L............eeee ee 56 borealis, Gronov.....+s++ ees. 195
Virginicum, L............ 57,491 var. longiflora, Torrey. { 195
Lepigonum medium, Fries..... tees 80 539
rubrum, Fries... see. ceeneeee 80 | Linosyris graveolens, var. - f., T.
salinum, FrieS..scceeeee cecees 80 i GQawsnee ae nsaes viens. 210
Leptarrhena, R. Br. .....---- ++. 160 Howardii, Parry.... s+. ce. eee 210
pyrolifolia, R. Br. .......160,527 viscidiflora, T. & G....- eee eee 211
Leptotenia multifida, Nutt......... 188 | Linum, Linn...........ee eee eee
Lespedeza, Mx.......ceseee cence Boottii, Planch
capitata, Mx catharticum, L.......
hirta, Ell...se. cc ccee ee ee ees Lewisti, Pursh......eeeeeee ee
polystachya, Mx.......-..0+0- 119 perenne, Jinn..,........
procumbens, MX....0. ceeceves 119 rigidum, Pursh.............. 89
prostrata, Pursh......-+.+++- 119 rigidum, T. & Gesseeeseeeceaes 89
repens, Barton............ 06. 119 striatum, Walter.......... 89, 501
reticulata, Pers........... 119,511 sulcatum, Riddell............ 89
sesstliflord, MX... sceeeevecees 119 usitatissimum, L............. 89
yiolaced, PELs... .eeeseeeseeece 119 Virginianum, L.........+.66 - 89
yar. sessiliflora, T. & G....119 | Liriodendron, Linn............... 28
Lewanthemum arcticum, DC Tulipifera, L...... cee eee ees 28
integrifolium, DC.......+- he Lithophragma glabra, Nutt......... 525
Parthenium, Godron.......+++ parvifiora, Nutt. ..+ .sesee eens 156
wulgare, LAM...eee ceeeee eens tenella, NUtt.... ssc rece veee ss 525
Leucothoé racemosa, Gr.....-...+- Lithospermum, L...... 16. eeeeee 341
Lewisia, Pursh......-..00-.-.eeee angustifolium, Mx ....+....342, 569
rediviva, Pursh......-..+...- ATVENSE,. Liss apa vacs sae wsK coi 341
Liatris, Schreb.....6. ce. eee cece canescens, Lehm.......+..... 342
cylindracea, Mistiveaw tis teases vt circumscissum, Hook. & Arn...568
macrostachya, MX..-,.+5+ see eee corymbosum, Lehm....e. seen 339
punctata, Hook........e0 eee denticulatum, Lehm........... 339
scariosa, Willd............... Drummondii, Lehm.....+..... 339
spicata, WALI vies ion snteeraae dave hirtum, Lehm.............+. 342
spicata, Willd......... incisum, Lehm.....-.....050. 342
squarrosa, Malic cohen latifolium, Mx...-.....-..e0e 341
var. intermedia, DC....... 542 lycopsvides, Lehm.....+. sees 338
squarrosa, Willd .......-..6-.. Q7 Mandanense, Hock....+. -+eees 842
squarrulosa, Mx.......-2+..-. 208 marginatum, Lehm........... 339
Ligusticum, L............ seer es 184 maritimum, Lehm.... ........ 338
acteifolium, Mx.. . 184. officinale, Linn!..........341, 569
apiifolium, Benth. & Hook.. «5385 paniculatum, Lehm........... 3839
barbinode, Mx id alk ayer dy Set cabs ste pilosum, Nutt..........+. 341, 569
Scoticum, L sb a. Salone ncars plebetum, Cham. & + Beblecht.- -337
Ligustrum, L...... . eee ee eee eee ruderate, Dougl. . .
vulyare, L sericeum, Lehm
Limnanthemum, Gmelin Littorella, L- janes ee Che's Selma
lacunosum, Griseb........... lacustris, L........ ceeeee
Limnanthes, R.Br........-..+ eee LOASACBE (XLI)...+0- see cee e eee ee
Deveeats Re Brisson aiwawssie 502} |) Lobelta,. Lesesn ees ssi exarciats es cine
Limosella, L..+... eeeese reer e ees 359 cardinalis, L ......... seeeeee
aquatica, L....s. eee eee eens 359 Claytoniana, Mx
var. tenuifolia, Hoffm..... 359 Dortmanna, L.........-..+..
LINACBH (XXII) «+e see cee ee ees ener inflata, L
Linaria, JUSS...... ceeeee seen cees Kalmii, L
Canadensis, Dumont ae Nuttallit
Cymbalaria, Mill...........+5 puberula
Elatine, Mill........... ...065 spicata, Lam.............-04.
minor, Desf........eeeee eens var. hirtella, Gr.......... 286
vulgaris, Mill...... ..c0.. sees syphilitica, L-..........0060. 285
Lindera, Thurb.....-.. esees eee LOBELIACDA (LII)...--.-. 0.000000 285
Benzoin, Meisner........+... Loiseleuria, Desv.......... e000 298
Lindernia pyxidaria, Pursh........ 359 procumbens, Desy........ 298, 562
600
PAGE,
Lonicera, es ele ienie's eaeraweateraw LOG
ceerulea, Lew... eee ee cee eee 198
var. villosa, T. & GG... 198
ciliata, Muhl
Ciliosa, Poir.........-eceeee8.-
Douglusti, Hook....+. se. eee 197
flava, var. B., T. & G..- cee ee eee 197
glauca, Hill.............. 197, 539
hirsuta, Eaton..........- 196, 539
hispidula, Dougl......... 196, 539
var. Douglasii, Gr.....196, 589
hispidula, Doug., var. Douglasii,
Gr 539
involucrata, Banks........... 197
microphylla, Hook....+. sssees 196
oblongifolia, Hook........ 198, 539
occidentalis, Hook. ...... .eeeee 196
parviflora, Lam... see. cece cues 197
Sullivantii, Gr .......... 197, 539
Tartarica, L...........e eee 198
Utahensis, Wat.............. 540
Lophanthus, Benth ..... ........ 386
anisatus, Benth....... ...... 386
nepetoides, Benth............ 386
scrophularizefolius, Benth..... 386
LoRANTHACBE (XC).-.60+ eee eeeeee. 422
Lotusilese ses caeaeede pores ceo as 107
corniculatus, Koch........... 107
sericeus, Pursh...... +0 seeees 108
Ludwigia, L....... Fuditis wow Re Maashas 168
alternifolia, L...... 0 -.... 0.8 168
macrocarpa, MxX...+..2.-sseee 168
palustris, Ell......266....eeee 168
Luina, Benth......eeee eeeee cece 259
hypoleuca, Benth -.......... 259
Lupinaster macrocephalus, Pursh....104
Lupinus, Tourn.......-.. eee cece 102
arbustus, Dougl...... oo 103
arcticus, Wat............ 102, 505
argenteus, Agardh............ 102
argenteus, Pursh. var. argo-
pkyllus, Wat....103, 505
aridus, Dougl......--..20..0. 104
bicolor, Lind].....-..0 secs 103
Kingii, Wat.-.... ccc. e. cee eee 103
laxiflorus, Dougl.............108
lepidus, Dougl............ 104, 505
leucophyllus, PHoucl rer Ts 102
lewopsis, Agardh..........6.. 102
littoralis, Dougl.............. 102
Lyallii, Ci encien eae 103
micranthus, Dougl., var. bi-
color, Wat............ 103
minimus, Dougl.............. 103
Nootkatensis, Donn...... 108, 505
var. Unalaskensis, Wat. ..103
var. glaber, Hook..... 102, 103
ornatus, Dougl............... 102
perennis, L........... .. 102, 505
perennis, Rich.........seeeees 102
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGB.
plumosus, Dougl.. . --102
polyphyllus, Lindl, « eas 103, 605
pusillus, Pursh...... ...-.+0.
Sabinii, Dougl..
sericeus, Pursh.. aringaianaiaia:asace abana
sulphureus, Dougl......-..-.+
versicolor, Lindl........-...++
Lychnis, Tourn.....,..60--e2 eee
affinis, Vahl..
alpina, Dis ase: See ego siond
apetala, L..... asoniiaiejase + ++ 68, 495
var. glabra, Hegyh peste etal 69
apetala, Li... ..e0 sevens cece +. 69
apetela, Wat....+.++ sees oe 495
Aioiea, Diss 6s sw. sediwas oe aeeee 69
Aura, Lesa sss sessiee vecaes 69
Drummondii, Wat. . oo 69, 495
elata, Wat....seceseeeceeeaes 69
Flos-cuculi, L.........0 eee ee 69
Githago, Lam........... secre 69
montana, Wat.....0..+eeeeeee 495
vespertina, sioner sirdeteawe mae gs 69
Lycium, L.. $F BEV e norte 6 ODO
vulgare, Dunal. aaserereimiaighei +. 850
Lycopersicum, Mill......... aoe 348
esculentum, Mill.............348"
Lycopsis; Lis as sesscisee ced ewaeesis 343
arvensis, L.......eeeeeee sees 343
Lycopus, L...eee cece ceeeen ceeeee 882
Europeus, var. sinuatus, Gr... .382
lucidus, Turcz., var. Ameri-
canus, Gr...... ....e. 382
obtusifolius, Vahl....+.....e.. 382
pumilus, Vahl....sseeeeee sees 382
sinuatus, Ell........... 2.065 382
uniflorus, MX..eee cece ceccee es 382
Virginicus, Dip tae Siewert 382
Lygodesmia, Donixcewitace «teas 283
juncea, Don......6. cee scenes 283
minor, Hook..... .ceeseeeeees 284
rostrata, Nutt........ sees eees 284
Lysimachia, L eT er eer rere 314
capitata, Pursh.....e. sees eens 314
Ciliata, Li... .ee cece ween sees 313
lanceolata, Wealtscscsisise 2 06 eters 313
longifolia, Gray ee sccceececeee 314
nummularia, L.......... 314, 565
punctata, L. oi verticillata ...314
quadrifolia, L......... Sree 314
racemosa, Lam......+...+.+..314
revoluta, Nutt........ssse.e0. 314
Stricta, Altes «sc aiwwisctesiee ees ¢ 314
thyrsiflora, L......... eee eee 314
verticillata, Bieb.............. 314
LYTHRACBA (XL).. 0.56.0 ee anes 175, 581
Lythrum, VWiecss veakss cedccaweva . 175
alatum, Pursh.......... +175, 532
Salicaria, L.............. 175, 532
Salicaria, var. pubescens, Pursh -175
verticillatum, L..scesesececace 176
INDEX 601
PAGE. PAGE
Machsranthera canescens, Gr.....+» .218 officinalis, Willd............. 107
tanacetifolia, Nees.....0+0.s0+ 218 officinalis, Pursh....+.-eeeee- 106
Macrorhynchus glaucus, Eaton ....+ 1277 | Melissa, L...... cseeeee aceeseeees 384
grandiflorus, T. & Gow... cece ee 279 Clinopodium, Benth. .........+ 384
heterophyllus, T. & G.ees ss eves 279 Officinalis, L..... ceeeee ceeeee 384
laciniatus, T. & G.weeseee eens 278 | MBNISPHRMACBA (IV).--..00++ ee eees 29
troximoides, T. & G.eseser sees 278 | Menispermum, Linn.............. 29
Madaroglossa angustifolia, DC...... 551 Canadense, L
Madia, Molina.........0. sees sees 248 | Mentha, L...... eee cece es cce eee ee
dissitifiora, T. & Go... 248, 551 aquatica, L....-...... ee eee
filipes, Gris cs iien giceee ses: eens 248 arvensis, L....se eee eee ceneee
glomerata, Hook......--..... 248 borealis, MX... +0 ee eeeee cues
var. gracilis, Macoun..... 248 Canadensis, L...... 0... eee 381
Nuttalli, Gr...... ce cece 248, 551 var. glabrata, Benth...... 381
sativa,Molina,var. racemosa, Gr.551 Piperita, L..seeeee cece ee eens
Magnolia, Liossics ieee sees nose sieve 28 sativa, Lissscrsaces co oveaae es
acuminata, L.......-.. cee e ee Viridis, L..cscs cect ce csceee ee
MAGNOLIACHH (Il)... 000 vee e cee es Mentzelia, PIG eHIGE essen daeccinrutcos
Malus ened Mill . albicaulis, Dougl...
MalV a, Diets cists aia wObiecd oes levicaulis, T. & G
borealis, Wallm..........006 ornata, T. & Ge... wc cece eee
CTISPA,, iis oe osea ge auicnian Menyanthes, L......-.sseeeeeees
hederacea, Dougl......++ seeeee 88 Crista-galli, Menzies
moschata, L.... ..seee eee trifoliata, Licsescss cecnssneee sa
Munroana, Doug}. . Menziesia,Smith.........eceeceee
obtusa, T. Boe oe cxanaraatnine Aleutica, Spreng. ... ees...
rivularis, Dougl.......6. paitio cxrulea, Swtz. .
rotundifolia, 1 duiae sue ce empetriformis, Smith. -
sylvestris, L.....-..0. eee eeee empetriformis, Pursh
MALVACDS (XX)...-..... ferruginea, Smith.......
Malvastrum, Gray........ glabella, Gr.....e cs seeeee
coccineum, Gr...... eee seen glanduliflora, Hook...+....e5.
Munroanum, Gr globularis, Hook...+-.....06-5
Mamillaria, Haworth...........5 +177 Grahamii, Hook. ... +00. ceeees
vivipara, Haworth........... 177 intermedia, Hook..........6
Marrubium, L...........6. esas 389 | Merckia physodes, Fisch...........
Wulgare, Li siee secs cece sas cus 889 | Mercurialis, L.....s2.--seee seen
Maruta, Cass.......... ieee shares 252 annua, L...... cea aD accierk 427
Cottle, “DGimarxvs.cicse ao cee ais 252 | Mertensia, Roth...........0.+0-. 33
Matridaria, Ts sicceascwes scares se ce 253 alpina, Grewseveees 339
discoidea, DC..........-.0045 254 ciliata, Don...... i ire 339
TNO OF Ag Lis-saseinsere seiner ees 253, 552 Drummondii, Don. Sarsietaminaceed 339
var. eliguiata, Seem...... 254 lanceolata, DC.....-.ee0e sees 339
var. nana, Hook..... 254, 552 maritima, Don........2seeeee 338
Meconelia Oregana, Nutt.......... 34 oblongifolia, Don.........s08. 339
Medicago, L...... eee cece ceeeeee paniculata, Don........6. 665 339
denticulata, Willd pulosd; DCiscisiasiscancien ans 3389
lupulina, Divieses cee ccs seo Sibirica, Don.............46. 339
maculata, Willd............. var. Drummondii, Gr..... 339
Sativa, iissawacsaneeaved Virginica, DC.........-...045 838
Melampyrum, L........... Mespilus arbutifolia, L..e. eee cee 145
Americanum, Mx i var. melanocarpa, Mx..... 144
lineare, Lam. ...sessevecevece Canadensis, 8. cordata, Mx..... 148
pratense,var. Americanum,Benth 372 var. obovalis, Mxncaiaseieier 149
sylvaticum, Hook.......+..66. 372 var. oligocarpa, Maxed seven 149
Melandryum involucratum, var. affine, var. rotundifolia, Mx ..... 148
Rohrb...- see eee eee Micromeria, Benth....+. 2.20. ee0e 383
MBLASTOMACES (XXXIX)......-.-175,531 Douglasii, Benth............. 883
Melilotus, Tourn...... .-......068 106 glabella, Benth. ..........08.. 384
alba, Lam..cssscceeseeeveces 106 | Micropetalun gramineum, Pers..... 74
leucantha. Koch....cessesevece 106 lanceolatum, Pers. ....+. seeeee 74
602
PAGE.
Microseris, Don .. tedeae 272
Bigelovii, Gr.. eG trang Bases was 272
nutans, Gr.... ceeere reece 273
Mikania, Willd..........+-+2 +--+ 207
scandens, L....... seeeeeeee 207
Mimulus, L........-.+. ++ 226307
alsinoides, Benth...... ‘ 358
floribundus, Dougl.. ....---0+ 571
glabratus, HBK, var. Jamesii,
(ET ssias sh sisys xesosevalereusveceee:ax000 570
guttatus, DC... cceees cere cece 358
Jamesii, T. & G.......--- 357, 570
Lewisii, Pursh........... 357, 570
luteus, Mies ean ate eto 358, 571
var. alpinus, Gr...... 358, 571
moschatus,. Dougl......+- 358, 571
nasutus, Greene......--+. eee 571
ringens, L........6- eee eee eee 357
poseus, Lind) vee ve scde vac i ecees 857
Scouleri, Hook .... 0. eee eeee es 358
Mitchella, L...... .eeeee- a aetad ites 200
repens, L...... eeeeee eee sae ae 200
Mitella, Tourn... s..eee eeeeee eee 158
Breweri, Gri... eee cee ee ees 526
cuulescens, Nutt. --- eee eae 157
cordifolia, Lam. .......++++....157
diphylla, L........-..-ee eee 156
grandiflora, Pursh...-+. --.++ 155
NWA, Lees sec seve sasence rece 157
007: B., Te CEG cs eacen ease 157
pentandra, Hook.........157, 526
prostrata, MxX....+. -eeeee eens 157
reniformis, Lam......seee cece 157
trifida, Graham.......... 157,526
Moehringia lateriflora, Fenzl....... 73
Mollugo, Less eccs ses ceseiee snes 178
verticillata, L...... ....4. 178, 533
Momordica echinata, Hook......... 177
Monarda, Usiisss essiwssccin cecess 385
alluphylld.. ccs. cere cece ee eens 385
ciliata, Mx... eee e cece ee ee 386
clinopodia, L..... ..........385
coccined, MxX.....e eee cece ee 385
didyma, L...... tent eteeeenes 385
fistulosa, L....-..ee. eeeeee ee 385
var. mollis, Benth........ 386
hirsuta, Pursh. ........
Kalmiana, Pursh.............
ade Mikes. 5 ere erte eicareow ham nt
oblongata, Ait..........00....
punctata, Docs sewsesin ecue es
rugosa, Aits.ssscesciensae see
Moneses, Salisb ..... cesses severe
grandiflora, Salisb....-.....5.
uniflora, Gr... eee cece eeeeee
Monolepis, Scrad...........0..05.
chenopodioides, Moq
Monotropa, Le... 2.200 ssesceeess
Hypopitys, Li... eeeeee eee ee
uniflora, Ly oe ssiesis screen cee ss
MonorroPhz& (LVU).....+.,. SEE aS 307
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
Montelia tamariscina, Gr....s. eee. 397
var. concatenata, Gr....... 397
Montia, L
fontana,
Morus; Lis s.ssoise os osiew ec anes inas
alba, L
rubra, L
rubra, var. Canadensis, Loudon..430
Mulgedium acuminatum, DC....... 281
Floridanum, DC.......eeeeee 281
leucopheum, DC.......eeeeees 281
pulchellum, Nutt......--..26-- 281
Musenium, Nutt.... ....00. eeceee 179
angustifolium, T. & G......6.. 180
divaricatum, Nutt........ 179, 533
var. Hookeri, T.&G.. .180, 533
tenuifolium, Nutt............ 180
trachyspermum, Nutt........+. 5a
Myginda myrtifolia, Nutt.... ..... 95
Myosotis, L....ee cece cece ee cee 340
alpestris, Lehm.......++200005 340
arvensis, Hoffm.............- 340
cespitosa, var. laxa, DC....+.+. 340
Californica, Fisch. & Meyer.. ..337
Chorisiana, Cham. & Schlecht.337
flaccida, Dougl Peet swesame esse 337
fulta, HOOK» 65 can weavers ves 337
glomerata, Nutt. ...... 2.62 eens 337
Lappula, Willd ...... see. 336
laxa, Lehm............ 00.00. 340
leucophea, Dougl............. 338
palustris, With.............. 340
palustris, var. lara, Gray...... 340
var. micrantha, Hook..... 340
Strict, Ges sii o4s ancien see ots 341
sylvatica, Hoff, var. alpestris,
KOGhr.. sesgshce 340, 569
verna, Nutt... +... . ceeeee sane 341
var, macrosperma,Chapm { 341
569
versicolor, TLelim ides oucwemdes 341
versicolor, Pers............6.. 569
Virginiana, Lees... eee eee eee 336
Myosurus, Dill................06. 15
aristatus, Benth........... 15, 479
minimus, L............... 15, 479
cao! Tisigene snes 1900484
Bee aoe, Tel ssnvse kaa 435
Californica, Cham..........05 435
Caroliniensis, Miller........... 435
Cerifera, Li... ce. cece ee cece nee 4385
var. B, media, Mx..... .... 435
Comptonia, DC......6. ce eeaee
Gale, Di vissaeetssese-cess sone
Pennsylvanica, Lam
MYRICACBE (XOVI).. ee eeee sees eee
Myriophyllum, Vaill.............
heterophyllum, Mx.......... 167
spicatum, L...........6. 166, 529
tenellum, Bigel.............. 167
verticillatum, Lives evesig Reg mond Oe
INDEX.
PAGE, PAGE,
Myrrhis Claytoni, Mx....6....0.45 183 | Noisettia acuminata, DC...... vanes 61
occidentalis, Benth. & Hook....183 | Nuphar, Smith.....--..s0-eeeeeee 32
advena, Ait..........00- - 82, 484
advena + Kalmiana......... 82
Nabalus alatus, Hook......++.....283 var. (2). see eee ween 32
Lbs, TS CEG siieccsinawan scores oe 282 Americana. Provancher....... 82
var. serpentaria, T. & G...282 Kalmiana, Aiteccecccesceceee 33
altissimus, HOOK... eseeeeceee 282 lutea, var. Kalmiana, T. & G... 33
Boottii, DC luteum, Smith............ 32, 484
Frasert, DC.. PaO Rae eieale luteum, var. pumilum,Gr....... 33
Nanus:. DO ssapcacrraoaiesanse « polysepalum, Engel....... 32, 484
racemosus, Hook..+.++.seceeeee 282 pumilum, Smith............. 33
Nardosmia corymbosa, Hook....... 260 | Nuttallia, T. & G....... +222 esses 126
frigida, Hook.........see00. 260 cerasiformis, ER OGG xis assigivere aie 126
palmata, Hook.........2000.. 260 | NycraGiINaCEm® (LXXIX)....+-+....+++395
sagittata, Benth...........00- 260 | NYMPHAPACEA (VI).--+00 see eeeeee 81
Nasturtium, R. Br............... 37 | Nymphea, Tourn................ 31
amphibium, R. Br..... a areata 38 advend, M&...... scree reeees 32
Armoracia, Fries.....-.... QlbG:;, Walticcencenwess sx eetes 31
cernuum, Nutt......... : lutea, var. Kalmiana, T. & G... 83
curvisiliqua, Nutt Minor, DC ssa cone ssdaae oss 32
hispidum, DC ... . sce ceeeee odorata, Ait......seeceeeeeee. 31
lacustre, Gr...... 2... seen var. minor, Sims.... .. 32, 484
natans, Hook. ...... ..22 ceaeee odorata, var. rosea, Pursh...... 32
var. Americanum, Gr...... 39 tuberosa, Paine........+..... 31
officinale, R. Br.............. BP | Nyssa; Dieces esses suis: santieas oe sece 192
palustre, DC.............. 37, 485 aquaticd, Le. secceeeee ceeeee ee 192
var. hispidum, Fisch. & baflonds, MEX sdccces saenaite Gis ee's 192
Meyer...... 2.005 38, 485 multiflora, Wang..........6. 192
polymorphum, Nutt........... 88 MLLO8dy, MX sevwns nenawnanadaes 192
trachycarpum, Gr......... 388, 485
Navarretia intertexta, Benth...... .330
pungens, Benthe.....-........ 330 | Obione arenaria, Matthew......... 402
Nectris pinnata, Pursh............ 91 argented, MOoq...... see eeee ee 402
Negundo, Mcench....... ind. iatdealniseee 100 canescens, MOq..+++1 eeeeee eeu 402
aceroides, Mcench........ 100,504 | Ginanthe............ cece eens 535
fraxinifolium, Nutt........... 100 sarmentosa, Nutt............. 535
Neillia, Dotiesseseecdecciaee eens 127 | Gnothera, L...... sere eeee eee es 171
opulifolia, Benth. & Hook..... 127 albicaulis, Nutt.............. 172
var. mollis, Brew. & {128 amona, Lehm........... 266.173
Wats aweasas. oe blennis, Tos.i5s305: 3306 apa e ktescs 171
Nelumbium, Juss....... var. grandiflora, Lindl....171
luteum, Willd var. oe ee 171
Nemopanthes, Raf var. muricata, Lindl...... 171
Cunatlanets. DC rsisieteecabutcsanes 94 breviflora, T. & G..ssee cesses 173
Nemophila, Nutt....-......000.- 339 ceespitosa, Nuit.......... 178, 531
parviflora, Dougl.........--.. 332 pl eam o, Nae chetbbearer ah gis 172
pedunculata, Hook.....+.+sees 339 cue OUZ]. essere ceeeees 173
Nepeta; Dieaaaescrveds.vecenten 387 ensifiora, Lindl....... hogs 174
Pp Cntern, Li 387 epilobioides, Nutt. -..+0. cevees 531
BLA EDAly oo Sees estes est reson fruticosa, L.-..ee ees eee eee 172
Glechoma, Benth..........+4. 387 labella, Nutt f
Neszea, Juss. - commen accel 70 pee lon, Att AROSE i
verticillata, “HB Riveos ences: 176 halerontla, "Nutisis sass, ece cl
Neslia, Less. ees eee eeee eee e ee eee 491 Hookeri, T. & Geeeeee cececees lil
paniculata, L.-...+..-eeee eee 491 hybrida, Mx....6. vee eee e eee 172
Nicandra, Adans.....+..-++-.s00- 350 leucocarpa, Lehm............4 172
physaloides, Gertn........... 350 Lindleyt, Dougl...........00. 173
Nicotiana, L.......eee ceceee econ. 351 marginata, Nutt.......-..00.- 173
attenuata, Torr.........+.00. 352 montana, Nutt.......eee ceeeee 173
TUS CA, Dans ewe mnaeveavhgeg 351 muricdiay Liessvsw aise sea seein 171
27
604
PAGE,
quadrivulnera, Dougl...e-.+++. 173
pallida, Leese scerccsevcceveee 172
parviflora, Purgh.+erseeeeeee- 171
parvula, Nutt-...+..-eee. e+e 173
pusilla, Mx..-. - seers cee eee ee 172
pumila, L..seee cece rece cecane 172
riparia, Hook....--+++++e+.eee 172
rubicunda, Hook. & Arn....... 173
scapigera, Pursh....+-+++0+ «+ 173
serrulata, Nutt., var. Douglasii,
PGS Gio serie cee seater ars 172
strigulosa, T. & G......-..... 173
triloba; Nutt.scsecse ee cece eel73
vinosa, Torr. & Gr..ee cece sees 173
Oldenlandia coerulea, Gr......s eee 200
QUBAGER (LXi) «0.40 063 Jo004 <2 Gans 316
Omalanthus camphoratus, Less.... .254
ONAGRACDE (XXXVIII).--- -eee..... 168
Onobrvchis, Gertn...... ........511
Sativa, LaMiass ese scascvesve DLL
Onopordon, Vaill............66 « 271
acanthium, L................ 271
Onosmodium, Mx .............. 342
Carolinianum, DC....... .342, 569
var. molle, Gr
hispidum, Mx..-..+-..
molle; Mz. ss. bess emexaiwa ae
Virginianum, DC........ 348, 569
Oporinia autumnalis, Don......-.. 277
Opuntia, Jour. . 26... ceeeee cena ee 177
fragilis, Haw...... cece cseeee 532
Missouriensis, DC............ 177
Rafinesquii, Englm.......... 177
Oreas involucrata, Cham.......... 55
Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt......... 95
Origanum, L.......--- eee eee eee 883
vulgare, Ts. -.ecee ce eee cece ee 383
Ornithopus, L...... ee cee e ee cee eee 507
scorpioides, DC.............. 507
OROBANCHACEE (LXXI)...+- eee eens 372
Orobanche Americana, L.........05 373
iflora, Nutt a6. .6 a .cyetaseiceax eres 372
Comosay HOOK. 6:5 e006 eewinws «< 373
fasciculata, Nutt......-- 02.08,
glabra, HOOK. as: tensnsn aes sae
LIndoviciana, Nutt.........005
pinetorum, Geyer.......
tuberosa, Hook......-.e+e.05.
UMPlLOTG: Livin ase:w ti bievenes es 55
Varginiana, L...... - ee sea cee 374
Orthocarpus, Nutt..............6. 366
attenuatus, Gr........... ee ee 366
bracteosus, Benth... ........ 366
luteus, Nutt.................366
pusillus, Benth............... 366
strictus, Benth..... ee oe 366
tenuifolius, Benth............ 366
Osmorrhiza, Raf......-.......0- 183
brevistylis, DC....+. .+.e00-,.183
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE,
brevistylis, Bong....-+ ++ 24183, 584
divaricata, Nutt ....... ..+.--183
longistylis, DC........+.- 183, 534
nuda, Torrey....+....-+- 183, 534
Ostrya, SCOp....ss seer cece ceee cece 439
Virginica, Willd.-......---00 439
OxB)IS, Liseces seis gee sisnenewie send 92
Acetosella, L......-eeeee eee 92
Acetosella, Hook. ....+.e+2 e008 92
corniculata, L........s+0.- 92, 503
var. stricta, Sav......- 92, 503
Dillenii, Jacq... se.eee eeeeee 92
Lyoni, Pursh.....seecee cevees 92
Oregana, Nutt sete D2
pilusa, NUtt- see cece eeee eee 92
pumila, Nutt...... -sceee eee 92
RITMGLG, i ss:=8 550s wiverewle 258580 Gs 92
Oxybaphus, Vahl...... ....-.--5- 395
angustifolius, Sweet........+. 395
hirsutus, Sweet..-..-.. ....0. 395
nyctagineus, Sweet......-..+. 395
Oxycoccus, Pers...... +--+ --+.0-- 293
macrocarpus, Pursh....---.-. 293
vulgaris, Pursh........-s000- 293
Oxyria, Hill......... cceeee ceeeee 414
digyna, Campdera........... 414
reniformis, Hook.....++++++4- 414
Oxytropis, DO: «2... seeese neces 115
arcties; RL Brees -sassess 2+ dees 509
arctica, Re Bri. ce creas ewes eee 115
var. inflata, Hook........ 115
var. minor, Hook........- 509
argentata, Pursh.....-++-..+.. 116
borealis, DC....0. cee eee 116, 510
campestris, L.....-...-.-065+ 116
var. viscida, Wat...... 116, 510
var. ceerulea, Koch........ 509
campestris, DC......++ 116, 509, 510
deflexa, DO: sce seas cows 117,510
foliolusa, Hook... .+++-20seeeee 117
Hookeriana, Nutt........--...116
Lamberti, Pursh......... 116, 509
Lamberti, Pursh.....2 0.00 008 510
leucantha, Pers..-......+. 509, 510
Mertensiana, Turcz........... 510
MONAICOlAs 60:4 vse vas aisieres 509, 510
nana, Nutts< x2 cess semscazwtee 116
nigrescens, Fisch........ 116, 509
var. arctobia, Gray. ...... 509
oxyphylla, Rich.....-.....e0s 116
Plattensis, Nutt......0.ceeeeee 116
podocarpa, Gr......-. 0.05 115, 509
sericea, Nutticss <caediraa essen 116
splendens, Dougl......... 116, 510
var. Richardsoni, Hook. ..116
Uralensis, DC., var. pumila,
Led eb + sieie.o:e.sieeret < bie.8 115
Uralensis, DC., var. pumila,
Tied bis: erie dcsierescsrapeiirereis 509
viscida, Nutt. s.sssesecwae cies 510
viscida, Nutt...... cee seeeees 116
INDEX
PAGD.
Pachystima, Raf.............005- palustris, Livesese cece rece atees 369
Myrsinites, Raf...... palustris, L., var. Wlassoviana,
Peeonia, L.........66 4 Bunge.....+..... 369, 572
Brownii, Dougl..........+ eos 28 pedicellata, Bunge........-... 368
Californica, Nuth...ceceseees- 28 racemosa, Dougl....-.... 368, 572
Panax horridum, Smith...........189 recutita, Pursh.......sseeeeee 369
quinguefolium, L...cee cesses es 189 resupinata, Willd.....--....5. 369
trifolium, Leese cscanceecevces 189 subnuda, Benth.....+.eeeeeees 368
Papaver,, Tis cae ccanwus oes acces ao 33 Sudetica, Willd........ fe ae S70
alpinum, L.wsscececcccccccees 34 surrecta, Benth. ....eesereveee 368
nudicaule, L.............. 34, 485 versicolor, Wahl....+. +++... 371
Rheeas, L.... ... eee. coos 34, 484 verticillata, L..........e. see 368
somniferum, L............ 33, 484 verticillata, Pursh..........008 371
PAPAVBRACEM (VIII).++0+ cece eeeee 33 Wlassoviana, Stev..-.--+.0+.. 369
Parioetaria, L...... eee cece cee ee 432 | Pentalophus longiflorus, A.DC...... 342
Pennsylvanica, Muhl......... 432 Mandanensis, A.DC.......0... 342
Parnassia, Tourn. .............00. 159 | Penthorum, Gronov............0. 164
Caroliniana, Mx......... 159, 527 sedoides, L........--.eee 164, 528
fimbriata, Koenig........ 160,527 | Pentstemon, Mitchell.... ........ 354
Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht ¢ 160 acuminatus, Dougl....... 355, 570
527 albidus, Nutt......... 0.00.00, 570
palustris, L.............. 159, 527 attenuatus, Hook..........05.. 355
palustris, Pursh............5 159 confertus, Dougl.......... 355, 570
parviflora, DC........... 159, 527 var. ceeruleo-purpureus, { 356
Paronychia, Juss.......... 81, 396, 499 Giiseasee oe hewie: Aaaners 570
’ gessiliflora, Nutt.... ...... 81, 396 cristatus, Nutt........... 355, 570
PARONYCHIED (XVI)--seee cevees 81, 499 dasyphyllus, Greccescecene ees 357
Parrya, Bs Bric ce eset gee wees 48 deustus, Dougl............... 357
arctica, R. Br...............5 49 diffusus, Dougl.............. 857
arenicola, Hook.............. 49 erianthera, Pursh......... 355, 570
macrocarpa, R. Br.........6- . 48 frutescens, Lamb........,....355
nudicaulis, Regel., var. aspera, glaucus, Graham............. 356
Regel sssaes. se asso 48 gracilis, Nutt: .s+-cs<sesaas., 356
var, glabra, Regel........ 48 humilis, Nutt ic ssieesceoseciew as 356
Pastinaca sativa, Le...s... cee eee eee 187 Lewisit, Benth...... win bira0 3 BOA
Patrinia ceratophylla, Hook........ 205 yall, (Giese x6 scsteieineinsy’ avers 570
longifolia, McNab............ 205 Menziesii, Hook.......... 354, 570
Pectocarya, DC.......- jase Saat 334 var. Scouleri, Gr.-....... 355
penicillata, A.DC............. 334 Menziesit, Hook.............. 355
Pedicularis, Liccied ccrve wes sisce oe 367 nitidus, Dougl...... se. eceeee 355
arctica, R. Bre... see cece eee 370 ovatus, Dougl.......... 2.68 855
bracteosa, Benth......... 369, 573 procerus, Dougl...+. ..+.6....356
Canadensis. L........... 369, 572 pubescens, Solander..........356
capitata, Adams............. 371 pubescens, Solander...........355
Chamissonis, Stev............ 368 serrulatus, Menz.....0.....2-.357
contorta, Benth.... ......... 573 Tolmiet, Hook.... +. sess c eee 356
euphrasioides, Stephan... .368, 572 triphyllus, Dougl............. 357
flammea, L...-.... se ee 370,573 venustus, Doug].......... 357, 570
Furbishize, Wat........e00e0, 369 | Peplis Americana, Pursh..........- 84.
gladiata, Mx....se cece eeee ee 369 | Petalostemon, Mx................ 109
Greenlandica, Retz....... 368, 572 candidus, Mx.......... 0.006. 109
hirsuta, L........--.eee. 370, 573 villosus, Nutt.-....-2ee cesses 109
Kanei, Durand..........0. 05, 370 violaceus, Mx...... ..ceee eee 109
lanceolata, Mx........... 369, 572 _ var. pubescens, Gr........ 507
Langsdorffii, Fisch........... 370 | Petasites, Tourn ................ 260
var. lanata, Gr.........6. 370 frigida, Fries............ eee 260
Langsdorfii, Fisch............ 370 palmata, Gr......+-..+-. 260, 553
Lapponica, L............ 368, 572 var. frigida, Macoun...... 553
Menziesii, Benth....... ..... 367 sagittata, Gr....... see. 260, 553
Nelsonii, R. Br....e. cee eee. 371 | Peucedanum, L.........-.... 0005 186
pallida, Pursh.......cseeeveee 369 ambiguum, Nutt...... SRaideas 187
606
PAGE.
foeniculaceum, Nutt....-+ 187, 536
levigatum, Nutt.-..-. +--+ 187
leiocarpum, Nutt...-..--- 186, 536
macrocarpum, Nutt....-- 187, 536
var. eurycarpum, Gr..-+.++ 536
sativum, Benth & Hook.....-. 187
triternatum, Nutt......-. 187, 536
triternatum, Gray ..+.ee seer ees 186
utriculatum, Nutt......---.++ 187
villosum, Nutt.....+....-.se- 536
Phaca aboriginum, Hook......+-++ lll
argophylla, Nutt 115
astragalina, DC..
bisulcata, Hook. .
cespitosa, Nutt...-.. se eeeees
collina, Hook....-.-++++e +++
elegans. Hook....+s eee ee eeee
elongata, Hook....+.ee seen ees
flexuosa, Hook....+-.+e+eseee
Frigida, Rich...ss. sees eeeeeee
var. Americana, Hook...-. 113
var. littoralis, Hook......+ 113
glabriuscula, Hook..-+--+++--- 111
lotiflora, T. & Geessesveee cece 112
mollissima, Nutt...--+++++ 06+ 112
neglecta, TB Gosccceseec cece 112
nigrescens, Hook... -s+seee eee 114
parviflora, Nutt. eeeeee ceeeee es 111
pectinata, Hook...... +--+ +++ 113
Phacelia, JUSS.... +20 ceseeeeeeeee 333
circinata, Jacq. f.......++ 333, 567
Franklinii, Gro... 62. -ee eee 333
hastata, Dougl.......-+.ee eee 333
heterophylla, Pursh........... 333
Menziesii, MT OLD eieisiaiew oe wares . 833
sericea, Gr............. -.3833,567
var. Lyallii, Ge, scacss 333, 567
Phaseolus, L.....- asutaisine 35.3 SteBee 122
diversifolius, Pers....-... 122,512
trilobus, MK....+-...seeeeeeee 122
Phelipea Ludoviciana, Walp. .-..-- 373
Phellandrium aquaticum, Pursh....535
Philadelphus, L.-....--s. eee eee. 160
Gordonianus, Lindl...... 160, 527
Lewisii, Pursh...... ..-- 160,527
PIO, Lis sas eat aisisersanie obi vee sd 327
aristata, Mx..... cece cere seen 827
canescens, T. & G...-.. se eee 328
divaricata, L......-..08- 328, 566
Douglasii, Hook..........--.. 328
var. ditfusa, Gr....... 00. 328
Hoodii, Richards. ......+...0. 328
Jinearifolia, Gr....... eee eee 829
longifolia, Nutt.............. 329
ilosa, L
ichanieoatk Meek ren 4s)
Sibirica, Lo... eevee eee eee 829
speciosa, Pursh. - eieaien ss
specivsa, Var. a. . Hook, paenwn on B28
var. f., Hook Garg ieee 329
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
Phrymiay,. Dis see 2 ese asian awl vee 378
Leptostachya, L........+. 378, 574
Phyllodoce Pallasiana, Don........ 299
taxifolia, Salisb.......-s.eeee 299
Physaliss Dosewsees 22s wcalgna os eey 349
grandiflora. Hook............ 349
lanceolata, Mx.....6....2eeee 350
obscura, var. viscido-pubescens,
PUTS sy ssieeies: eisiee vs 34!
Pennsylvanica, Hook.....
Pennsylvanica, Gr... ceeeseee
var. lanceolata......+.-...
Peruviana, L.......seeseeees
pubescens, L.........-5 ‘i ‘
Virginiana, Mill..............
var. ambigua, Gre seis es
viscosa, Din vas sie armieiels 2's os
PSCOSA, GIs 6 t066 68 cw acalen 8882»
Physaria, Nutt.........0..... eee
didymocarpa, Gr..........
Physostegia, Benth..............
parviflora, Nutt.-.... 0.2.0.6
Virginiana, Benth..........+5
Virginiana, Benth.,var. 3, Hook.389
Phytolaccs, Lonsaes es tes cee aces 405
decandra, L............0.06- 405
PHYTOLACCACER (LXXXMI)..-+. 0.045 405
Picea; Vink wisi seis ce ca veew sv 468
Bla, Links iis oie: hives wieder he 469
amabilis, Loudon.......+..... 475
amabilis, Gordon..........+.. 474
bifolia, Murray. ...... .eeeee ee 474
Engelmanni, Engl........... 470
grandis, Loudon..... ....++..474
Nigra, ink: <3 sessuaaaywnte ss 468
Sitchensis, Carr........ 0.2.6. 470
Picradenia Richardsonii, Hook..... 250
Picris; Licvecqosweaaess boo seeer x ce 558
OCHIOIAES, Tar ccs sesiie: d-ctrscetie wie ase 558
hieracioides, L., var. Japonica,
Regel.......0..ecee eens 558
Pilea, Bind sais yewniwe oasis as eos eve 431
PUMA; Grewese cass <ccensaees 431
Pimpinella, L....... cee seseee sees 180
integerrima, Benth & Hook. ..180
Pinguicula, Uses covets aoesaaiewe os 376
acubifolia, MX...0 cee cece sees 376
alpina, L.......... 0... 0 Lins 376
grandiflora, Hook..... ...... 376
macroceras, Cham......... - --376
microceras, Willd........s0.05 376
VINGS8y is 8s cared os siange vere 376
vulgaris, Vitagae sana a2'k8 376,573
PINUS Lives pesados oe eS tewataces 464
GLb, POI oss scasiices oe ea grass 469
albicaulis, Englm............ 465
amabilis, Parlatore........... 474
amatilis, Dougl....+. 0.2. ..006 475
balsamed, Li... 2... seen cece 0473
Banksiana, Lambert......... 468
Banksiana, Lindley & Gordon .466
INDEX
PAGE, PAGE.
Canadensis, Leese csceccee cece 471 Bigelovii, Wat....se cece vceeee 394
Canadensis, Bong. var. 8., Hook.471 cordata, Lamb......se0e-++. 891
contorta, Dougl...........68 6. 466 data, Pursh...-..++ees000+ +. 891
contorta, Dougl...... ...06.-+. 467 decipiens, Barneoud........-- 393
var. latifolia, Engelm..... 467 eriopoda, Vorr....... 6. sees 392
Douglasti, Lambert.......+0+. 472 Kamtschatica, Hook.....+++++ 392
flexilis, James..... Pascdaneces 465 Kentuckensis, Mx. .+.s.eeeee ee 391
flewilas, Lyall. ..1e cece er eens 465 Lagopus, Pursh....+-++ see+5- 393
var. albicaulis, Engel..... 465 lanceolata, L....... seeeee 398, 575
grandis, Dougl.....+-s.. eee 474 lanceolata, var. B., Hook......- 392
imops, Hook... see. seeeeee 466, 467 var. y., HOOK ......-eeeees 392
Lambertiana, Hook., var. /3..... 465 var. y., Timbali, Syme ....393
Larie, Doug sisie sea sie se egesic 475 macrocarpa, Cham. & Schl....392
lasiocarpa, Hook..-.-++.+. ++. 474 WIAJOL) Ls sree sesnjeie eters rosie eles 391
Menziesii, Dougl......-. 2.0505 470 var. Asiatica, Decaisne.. ..392
Mertensiana, Bong...-.....-+- 471 var. bracteata, Macoun. ..392
microcarpa, Lambert.....--.. 475 var. minima, Decaisne....392
monticola, Dougl...........++ 464 maritima, L.......-...-. 393, 575
Murrayana, Balfour.......... 467 var. juncoides, Gr......-.-393
TAGTGy Al bivereie siviee acataieecwisiorecaces 468 media, L.... +22. se eeee ceeeee 394
Nuttallii, Parlatore........... 475 Patagonica, Jacq., var. aristata,
Pattoniana, McNab....:...... 471 Grisasia a See selma
pendula, Hook....-..csee eee. 476 var. gnaphaloides, Gr.....393
pendula, Ait. ..ccavscesseccere 475 var. spinulosa, Gr........ 394
ponderosa, Dougl.......-.++.+ 466 pauciflora, Pursh....s.ceseeee 393
ponderosa, Dougl., var. scopulo- pusilla, Nutt. .....--s+-eee ee 394
rum, Engl............ 466 Rugellii, Decaisne........ 892, 574
porphyrocarpa, Lawson.......464 | PLATANACDH (XCIV)....-..+--e sees 432
resinosa, Ait. ..-.+.-seese cere 465 | Platanus, L.......+ eesceeseeeeeee 432
resinosa, Hook....++++seeeees 466 occidentalis, L.......-+.00-.- 432
TIP as Miller irc ecsiserecvvieases 467 | Platypetalum dubium, R.Br.......+ 55
TUOTA; Ms ceessis aavewe oevene 465 purpurascens, R.Br.... 0... 55
rubra, Lam ....cc eee eee eeee 468 | Platystigma, Benth..............
rupestris, MXsscacer weve es. dee 468 Oreganum, =u
Sitchensis, Bong......--+.- ..-470 | Plectritis, DC. . .
Strobus, lisse needs newer’ 464 congesta, DC..
Strobus, Hook. ..+eeeeeceeeees 464 ‘congesta, DC....+ ‘
Strobus, var. monticola, Nutt. ..464 var. minor, -, Hook ehareieitionar 541
sylvestris, var. divaricata, Ait... .468 macrocera, T. 1b iasenenaneancesiin 541
taxifolia, Lambert.....+....+. 472 samolifolia, Hoeck....+0....5. 541
PIPERACEE (LXXXVI)....0eeeese sees 419 | Pleurogyne, Eschsch........-+..+- 325,
Pirus)..Liss a ccppine wien ores 2o ele anbine 145 ania oan Griseb, var. pusilla,
Americana, DC........-- 146,521 | _ ‘GPeswces: ueuven casveeus 25
var. microcarpa, T. & G....522 rotata, Grind ib totes re aiie-e oo ae 325
Americana, Rich...+ eescseees 146 rotata, var. Americana, Hook...325
arbutifolia, L......-...+- 145,521 | Podalyria "tinctoria, Lueeseseeeeees 123
var. melanocarpa, Hook..146 | PLUMBAGINACE® (LIX).-+..---.----308
Aucuparia, Meyer... ...ee0-. 146 | Podophyllum, L........ S aitiel dieeccaisis 30
Botryapium, L....0..-ee see 148 peltatum, L...... see Bai wleies 30
Coronaria, Leese ceeeee cenaee 145 | Polanisia, Raf.......sesseeeecee 59
malus, Lieisee sees eee ees 145, 521 graveolens, Raf..... acai 59, 491
melanocarpa, Willd......+.+.- 146 | PoLEMONIACEE (LXV)..--+scece cece 327
ovalis, Pursh....s. sees seeeeee 149 | Polemonium, L...........002+00- 330
rivularis, Dougl......+.....++ 146 ceruleum, L........-.005 331,567
sambucifolia, Char. & Schlecht.146 var. acutiflorum, Ledeb....331
sanguinea, Pursh..++ s+s+- 148, 149 var. humile, Hook.....+.. 331
Pisum maritimum, Le. see eee cere 121 var. pulcherrimum, Hook. .331
PLANTAGINACER (LXXVIIL)...--++--- 391 var. vulgare, Hook........ 331
Plantago, Le... ecse cece cccctercce 891 confertum, Gr..... i: aisieteneeareearein 330
aristata, MX. ... sees eseeen sees 394 humile, Willd.... ...eee ceeene 331
Bigelovii, Gr....... 4+ 894 var. pulchellum, Gr..... 331
608
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
PAGE,
micranthum, Benth.........- 331
pulcherrimum, Hook.....-++++ 331
POLYGALACEE (XIV)..+ee0ee sees eee 65
Polygala, Tourn....+eseeese05 «+ 65
FUStIGIALA «- ase cereweveew tere 66
incarnata, L..... aceas wane «- 65
Nuttallit, ....00 coos Bia! sche sete 66
paucifolia, Willd........ +» 66, 494
polygama, Walter.....--..++« 66
purpurea, Nutt.....ee sees oe. 66
rubella, Willd.-+...+se5 eevee « 66
sanguinea, L..esseee veces - 66, 494
Senega, L...-. sees cece. ee 66, 494
uniflora, Mx..+. eee sve eescnes 66
verticillata, L.....--..++ .66, 494
viridescens, L.«seeee peiaiaigietgie eiges 66
POLYGONACER (LXXXIV) «++ +eeeeese 406
Polygonum, L.....- see veeee oe -407
acre, HBK.......csee seen reese 411
alpinum, Hook....+++ eases 412
amphibium, L.....e0-..-++0-410
amphibium, var. B., Bourgeau..410
var. aquaticum, Grew. .seee 10
var. terrestre, Gr.eseee cee
arifolium, L.......0 see eeee.
articulatum, Willd...........
aviculare, L...see see ee eee
aviculare, var. erectum, Gr...-.
var. littorale, Gr.-..+.-++-
Bistorta, L....+. ees. Sayipisgee 412
bistortoides, Pursh...........412
Careyi, Olney.... --.see ceeeee 412
Cilinode, Mx....---seeeeeeees 413
coarctatum, Dougl........ 22408
var. minus, Meisn.... ..409
coccineum, Muhl.... sess seeese
var. lerrestre...+-
Convolvulus, L..... 2
dumetorum, Lir.secceevccssees
dumetorum, L., var. scandens,
GAY asses sas eaaeee 0 A1B
erectum, L.. oS:9 siaraheynavgie
Fagopyrum, Push. sae4 VecoRMee i
Hartwrightii, Gr.............
Hydropiper, L.....-+......
hydropiperoides, Mx.........
hydropipetoides, Pursh.. :
imbricatum, Nutt..... O Minisise's
incarnatum, Ell..............
lapathifolium, Ait.........+..
var. incanum, Koch......410
lapathifolium, Bi, coment al OO
var. lanatum, 5 BOurgeat -410
maritimum, L.............. .408
minimum, Wat.. tiehwcieessiaiere « 408
mite, illevcaec od gagiccuncer lL
Mile; POPS « sis ser aer a pirwrsianss-es 411
Muhlenbergii, Wat........... 410
nodosum, Pers.......0.....6- 409
nodosum, var. incarnatum, Gr..409
orientale, L.....e..eeeeee cone 412
PAGE,
Paronychia, Cham. & Schl....407
Pennsylvanicum, L.......... 409
Persicaria, L.....e. eseee wees 411
polymorphum, Ledeb sipresale i985 412
ramosissimum, Mx.........+ 408
sagittatum, L...........e0 ee
scandens, Pursh...ee.
Tartaricum,L.......
tenue.. Mie cccndiwnew ean ssiad
var. latifolium, Englm. «+408
Virginianum, L...... ++ o 00413
Viviparum, Leeeseesene ceeeee 412
Polymnia,, Ls ss se asisiiowee eee raen 239
Canadensis, L....ceseceseees 239
malas Wa seeas anaes oivisiese iiss tese 456
ths dean) aabesd 1g gg ¥ Sei jacntadaenet a 458
iar Albics sees Shain yes 457
angulosa, MX.... eee ee ce ee es 457
angustifolia, James.......-.- 457
balsamifera, L.........0se00. 456
var. candicans, Gr......+ 457
balsamifera, Lyall......+ 000 457
var.—Hook....e++0 ee 000457
var. angustifolia, Wat.....457
Canadensis, Mx......seee seen 457
candicans, Ait....+. 0. wee 0 457
Gilatata, Ait...se. recess sevees 458
grandidentata, Mx... «+ 456
levigata, Ait..... eee ce eeeees 457
monilifera, Ait. ..eeceeesseeee 457
tremuloides, Mx..........+2-456
trepida, Willd.-..0. 2+. on 456
trichocarpa, T. & G.......65- 0457
Porcelia triloba, Persoon.......... 28
PoRTULACACER | (xvur)
Portulaca, Tourn.........sseeee0-
oleracea, Deis cetinnasas
Potentilla, L......
Anserina, L
var. Egedii, T. & G........ 141
var. grandis, Lehm....... 141
var. Groenlandica, Tratt...141
argentea, L........eeueee 139, 517
arguta, Pursh..... Kcakmares 186, 516
arguta, Lehm........-.cceeee 136
biflora, Willd.............005 140
bipinnatifida, Dougl.........-. 1387
Canadensis, L........-...06.. 141
var. simplex, T. & G..141, 518
chrysantha, Seca Reetaiera ek were 138
concinna, Rich.. Sas -189
dissecta, Pursh......-...- 138, 517
var. glaucophylla, Lehm. .517
var. multisecta, Wat...... 517
var. pinnatisecta, Wat....517
diversifolia, Hook......-...445 1388
Drummondii, HOOKiesensccee « 1388
effusa, Doug] odes dig wav olstleie 138,517
emarginata, Pursh.... ... 140, 518
fastigiata, Nutt. .-.cee cece eens 138
jissa, NUtbscs cence sses enn wews 136
INDEX. 609
PAGE. PAGE,
flabellifolia, Hook............ 140 tridentata, Solander.......... 141
‘flabellifurmis, Hook........... 138 Vahliana, Hook......2+ .++e0e 139
fragiformis, Willd............ 140 villusa, Pall... .sceeeeseeeeee
var. villosa, Regel.......+ 140 | Poterium, L........
frigida, Villars.............65 140 annuum, Nutt..
fruticosa, Dieces sce wasccoanee 141 Sanguisorba, L
gelida, C. A. Meyer............ 140 Canadense, Benth. & Hook.. § 143
glandulosa, Tied scialenninths 136, 516 519
gracilis, Dougl ere 138, 517 officinale, Benth & Hook...... 143
var. fastigiata, Wat....... 138 Sitchense, Wat........... 143,519
var. flabelliformis, T. & G.138 | Prenanthes, L...e.ssseee cree cece 282
var. vigida, Wat......+-+- 138 Slate, Ghee ssacians cena 02 283
Greenlandica, R. Br........ +140 var. sagittata, Gr... .....283
Hippiana, Tap iitie, Geen 4 agente 137 Alba, Tine aiaiste sore catepscap rane
var. pulcherrima, Wat....137 altissima, L.......
hirsuta, MX.... oes eee eee ee 136 juncea, Pursh......
Hookeriana, Lehm............ 137 racemosa, Mx........-++
humifusa, Nutt.......... 139, 518 rubricunda, Pursh....+.....+s
maculata, Poir........... 140, 518 serpentaria, Pursh
millegrana, Engel...... ..++.. 136 var. Nana, GY... se veces 282
minima, Gr....- Peer ee 140: | Primula, Deascisnaseccences dense 309
nana, Willd ........ee eee e eee 140 borealis, Duby.....--+---++--310,
nemoralis, Nestler........... 142 cuneifolia. Ledeb......- 0-000 310
nivea, Lis sscciisvesaxeees 139, 518 Egaliccensis, Hornem. ....... 564
var. ¥,T. & Gewese cece seee 139 farinosa, L.....6.- + eeee0e 309, 564
var. concolor, T. & G. ...-140 Hornemanniana, Hook........309
var. dissecta, Wat...... 139 Mistassinica, Mx......... 309,564
518 nivalis, Pall....... 6 waife alatians 310
var. Vabliana, Seem.... f§ 139 OMicinalis; Lisex see wossiss sa ¥sns 310
518 saxifragefolia, Lehm........++ 310
NAVED, VAT cee vececuceccesucss 138 Sootica; HOOK: vs es seawies eens 309
Norvegica, Ti gaavie 2.20 giatctnrs 136, 516 Sibirica, Jacq.-...-.---+-se0-. 310
var. hirsuta, T. & G..1386,516 stricta, Hornem.............. 309
Nuttallii, Lehm.....-..---+.. 138 WONG), Liles oe wits a ties 2 onde nares 310
opaca, Diplimenudvesnences 140 vulgaris, Huds......-+.+eeeee 310
palustris, Scop.......-++.--..140 | PRIMULACDH (LX)... 00.0 cece ec eee
paradoxa, Nutt... .-- see eeeeee 186 | Prinos glabra, L.......... :
Pennsylvanica, L........ 136, 516 Gronovti, Mx...... 4
var. bipinnatifida, T. & G.137 verticillatus. L
var. glabrata, Wat....137,517 | Proserpinaca, J.........--..-..50.
var. Hippiana,T. & G..... 1387 palustris, L.............. ,
var. puleherrima,Wats....137 | Prunella vulgaris, Le...s. cece eeeen 388
var. pulcherrima, 'T. & G...137 | Prunus, Tourn. 5 ve wees 124
var. strigosa, Pursh...137,517 ‘Americana, ‘Marshall bb bb aR eh 124
pilosa, Willd....... ...... 139,517 var. voollis, T. & G....... 124
Plattensis, Nutt.......... 138, 517 borealis, Poir..-++.sseseeeceee
procumbens, De Clairv.....-++. 135 Canadensis, L..sescee ee
pulchella, R. Br.......... 187, 517 demissa, Walp
pulcherrima, Hook........+..-137 depressa, Pursh...-+
pumila, POIr....6 seer eecencees 141 domestica, L..... 2.22. cesses
rigida, Nutt.......seceeeceees 138 emarginata, Walp............
rivalis, Nutt., var. millegrana, { 136 var. mollis, Brewer...
Weaticss uiiees! Se eas aiee 516 hiemalis, MX.... eee cee cere
rubricaulis, Hook... .-+.++ 187, 138 maritima, Wang. o........-.
Salisburgensis, Henke........ 140 mollis, TOrr..cees seceee veces
SETICEM, VAL. Bie ccces cevcen cece 138 mollis, Walp...
sericea, var. glabrata, Hook....137 nigra, Ait..... eieteg@ne-e oats sale
simpler, MXseceee seveee verene 141 Pennsylvanica, L...... wanes
supina, L...... sees eee ee 136,516 pubescens, Pursh....... 0:
Tormentilla, Sibthorp.......-. 142 pumila: Lspieeeacaceorereas
var. nemoralis, Seringe....142 serotina, Ebrh....... +o +0126, 513
610
PAGE.
serotina, Poir...sseeseeesee+ e125
spherocarpa, Mx.......-++-+- 124
Virginiana, L..............-- 125
Virginiana, Mill.........6-+ 65 126
Pseudotsuga, Carr .....-seeeeeee 472
Douglas, Carr. . suweawan cere
Psoralea, dy. ses cecnieasien es 108
argophylla, Pursh..-.....+.-- 108
brachiata, Dougl......-.+++++- 108
elliptica, Pursh ....+-+- see 108
esculenta, Pursh..........6.+ 108
lanceolata, Pursh......---.++ 108
laxiflora, T. & G cee seceeeeeee 108
physodes, Dougl......--- 108, 506
scabra, T. & Geeeeecseeeceeeee 108
Ptarmica borealis, DC..... +++ e006 251
gulgaris, DC... cs. ceceee ceeee 251
Pela: Liveisidiscans: agen ceeoas ee 93
trifoliata, L.......cee eens 98, 503
Pterospora, Nutt. ... .sseee ceeeee 307
andromedea, Nutt...-..+.+--- 307
Pulmonaria lanceolata, Pursh......339
paniculata, Ait......-eeeeeeee 339
parviflora, Purgh....+...eeee- 338
Sibirica, Pursh
Virginica, Lessesssecee veeees
Pulsatilla alpina, Lawson-..-...--- 12
patens, Lscsoe sz see Mimi sve s eee 12
Purshia, DG ves says esis eos éiceicect 132
tridentata, DC........... 182, 515
Pycnanthemum, Mx......+.+----- 382
incanum, MX...... eeeeeeeeee 383
lanceolatum, Pursh..... ....0« 8382
linifolium, Pursh......-...... 574
monardella, MX. .e.ereseeesees 885
muticum, Pers., var. pilosum,Gr.574
Pyrethrum bipynnatum, bids 54 ares 253
ena Smith.. Saisie e259)
PHYTOL, <Discccere secon see's. occrniaacsrarsio 303
aphylla, Smith........ «+ .806, 564
asarifolia, Mx..0. .cceee ceeees 305
bracteata, Hook....-.2..+000-5 305
chlorantha, Swartz......-.... 304
var. occidentalis, Gr...... 304
dentata, Hook
elliptica, Nutt.. +
maculata, Lewes ceeevececcvaes
MINOL, Lees. scceee secede
occidentalis, R. Br. ...... eee ees 804
picta, Smith............. 306, 563
rotundifolia, L..... 2. .c.eeoe 805
var. asarifolia, Hook..... +805
var. bracteata, Gr....305, 563
var. incarnata, DC....... 3805
var. pumila, Hook... + 805, 563
var. uliginosa, Gr......... 305
norandpolia, ME: sieve anmaaees 304
secunda, L........... eee ceee 304
war. Bs HOOK wsssss oceans 304
var. pumila, Greece seeee. 304
uniflora, L..... B48 088 we cgeess 306
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE,
Pyrus.—See Pirus.
Pyrus Botryapium, Le... see +eee- 148
oveli=, Porshi. ««-escd vse dete 149
sanguinea, Pursh......+... 148, 149
Quercus, L. 2... ec eee cece ee reece 440
alba, Liss< cis sanedy os eals oxen 440
var Gunnisonti, Torr...-- 441
var. microcarpa, DC.....+. 440
var. pinnatifida, Mx.....+- 440
var. rep nda, Pursh.... «- 440
alba, Hook......-..cee0 ceeeee 441
ambigua, MK.... eevee ce eeeee 442
bicolor, Willd ..........-..-4- 441
Cu stanea, Muhl..... «2 «+2005 442
Chinquapin, Mx....
coccinea, Wang.....+.+++++++- 443
var. ambigua, Grnisses acess 442
var. tinctoria, Gr.......++- 442
discolor, Ait....ee cesnee ceeees 443
Douglasii, var. 6 (?) Nexi, DC..440
Garryana, Dougl......+....++ 440
macrocarpa, Mx.....-+e..++-+ 441
var. oliveformis, Gr..-..++ 441
montana, Willd.
obtusiloba, Mx.....---.+-+-+-
obtusiloba, Mx...... . eee e eens
oliveformis (Holmes Cat.)...--- 441
palustris, Du Roi....-...-..+ 448
prinoides, Willd........-+ +008 442
Prinus, L....- cscese cee ccees 442
var. acuminata, Mx. ...... 442
var. discolor, Mx....+....- 441
var. humilis, Marshall ....442
var. monticola, Mx.....+.. 442
var. pumila, Mx........66 442
els tomentosa, Mx.....- - 441
PUD TAy Ms c.casieiateie ccoresissmewwieielo'd 442
stellata,Wang...... aiididiaraieitetere 440
tinctoria, Barbies ssissisiansiciccahiies 443
var. angulosa, Mx..-..-.. 1443
RANUNCULACESE (1).+-eeueece vevaee 11
Ranunculus, L............ seoveee 15
abortivus. L...... +4. cree 18
var. micranthus, Gr...18, 480
acris, Dilisiss craves: srotiteiw-s aves Geelnusiars 20
CPUS! Livers cassie: sfais sine cdpasoreigie ewret 22
vari.B, DT. & Giascas oe vewievs 22
affinis, R. Br....
var. cardiophyllus, Gr.... 18
var. leiocarpus, Trautv. ‘18, 480
alismeefolius, Geyer....... 16, 480
ambigens, Wats. i sseeaaneies 480
aquatilis, L.
var. brachypus, Hook.& Arn 16
wee eee cece
var. ceespitosus, DC....... 16
var. capillaceus, DC....... 16
var. Lobbii, Wat... evese 15
var. stagnatilis, DC....... 16
var. tricophyilus, Chaix.... 16
INDEX 611
PAGE, PAGR.
arcticus, Rich...... see eeenes 18 Schlechtendahlit, Hook........ 21
brevicoulis, Hook.......+-+.. 17 septentrionalis, Petpet siaieaes 22
bulbosus, L..........2.08. 21,481 sulphureus, Solander. ,. ie 20
Californicus, Benth....... 22, 481 tenellus, T. & Gieeeees cs ceeeees 22
cardiophyllus, Hook........++. 18 tomentosus, Poir....+seseeeeees 21
Chamissonis, Schlecht......... 20 | Raphanus, L.... ....-.. see eee 58
Cymbalaria, Pursh.. ........ 17
var. alpinus, Hook. ...17, 480
divaricatus, Grows. cc eeee scene 16
Eschscholtzii, Schlecht.......+. 20
fascicularis, Muhl............ 18
filtformis, MX...... ccc eee eee 17
flammula, L., var. interme-
dius, Hook.......... 17
var. reptans, Meyer...... 17
var. filiformis, Hook...... 17
fluviatilis, Pursh...... eee. es ee 16
frigidus, Willd............... 20
glaberrimus, Hook........... 18
glacialis; Diniecw. asc eseeee 20
hederaceus, L............. 15, 479
hispidus, Hook...... ....+. daa 22)
hispidus, Mx ..scee cess cece 21
Hookeri, Regel.........2..0+ 20
hyperboreus, Rottb....... 20, 480
Lapponicus, L............ 19, 480
limosus, Nutt..cces ceccce cecees 16
Marilandicus, Poir............ 21
micranthus, Nutt............. 18
multifidus, PE liehise easteies 16
var. B, Wate... ss seeeee 16
var. y, repens, Wat... ..16, 480
muricatus, L...-....eecee eee 481
Nelsoni, Gr.......... 22,481
var. tenellus, Gr.. 22, 481
nitidus, Muhl....e.... ceeeee 22:
TUVALS) Las caw 8b ew arincirs 20, 480
var. Eschscholtzii,Wat. 20, 480
var. Sulphureus, Wahl... 20
occidentalis, Nutt.......... 22, 481
occidentalis, ae & Ghsvenaeias 22
orthorhynchus, Hook..... 22, 481
ovalis, Raf...+.-+ee6 ee desiree 17
Pallasii, Schlecht............ 22
pedatifidus, Hook....-.... . 20
Pennsylvanicus, L....... -» 21
Purshit, Torr.-see. cece eens 16
var. 2, Rich...-......+05- 16
var. Y, noc: a ee e Bn
zeus, Wahl..........19,
Ferrous POIPscwessreees 19, 480
recurvatus, var. Nelsoni, DC.... 22
repens, L..++ ses see seen 21, 481
var. hispidus, T. & G..... at
var. Marilandicus, T. & G..
var. nitidus, Chapman. . {asi 2
reptans, L.-++eesecn sree vee 7
rhomboideus, Goldie chi areiae sa St 17
Sabinti, R. Browse sesass sevens 19
scoleratus, L. see. secese cereee 19
28
Raphanistrum, L............ 58
sativus, L.......... .seeeee. 58
RHAMNACEA (XXVIT). +00 eee eee eee 95
Rhamnus, Tourn... ...... se. 96
alnifolia, L’Her........... 96, 504
alnifolius, Pursh..-..-----++. 96
alpinus, Rich. ...... seer ee eens 96
cathartica, L....... seee ce eens 97
franguloides, Mx...... 2.0. 96
Purshiana, DC.........00. 96, 504
Rhexia, L...... bee siya -175
linearifolia, Poir. yacihlaye ke lores oad 168
Virginica, L....e. ceenee 175.531
Rhinanthus, L.........02 see ..-871
Crista-galli, L.........+6. 871, 573
var. major, Ehrh......... 872
minor, Ehrh...... ceceee sees
Rhododendron, L........
albiflorum, Hook 301, 563
Californicum, Hook..........563
Kamtschaticum, Pall......... 301
Lapponicum, Wabl....... 302, 563
macrophyllum, Don...... 302, 563
Maximum. De... eeeeeeee cane
maximum, Hook......+. sees
nudiflorum, Torr.............
Rhodora, Don.......... 2.005
viscosum, Torr..........006..
Rhodora Canadensis, L
Rhus, Dv cicen ss cvee a x
aromatica, Ait...............
var. i cloiay oE siceteie ecouar 101
copallina, L.... ve weeeee 100
diversiloba, T. & G ence 6 varsrah hers ty 101
Glabra, Dies eseeeccseee 100, 505
var. occidentalis, Torr..... 505
lobata, Hook...eeseeseceeeee 101
radicans, Disdtinse stewie Qaseee 101
Toxicodendron, L...........5 101
var. quercifolium, Mx...... 101
var. radicans, Torrey..... 101
var. a, vulgare, Mx........ 101
trilobata, Nutt......2..seeee ee 101
typhina, L...............002, 100
venenata, DC...,........ 100, 505
viridiflora, DC...... «0.6. 100
Ribes, L...... io dialer aieisiiaiditine secu 160
albinervium, Mx....+. scence ee
alpinum, Hook............0.,
aureum, Pursh............06-
bracteosum, Dougl..........
cereum, Dougl...............
Cynosbati, L....... 0.0.44 161,527
divaricatum, Dougl...... e+e 161
var. irriguum, Gr.... ....
612
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
floridum, L’Her...... ...+0.--
glandulosum, Ait...csccsee cen
gracile, Pursh ‘
hirtellum, Mx
Hudsonianum, Richards....
var. 8, Hook.....-+ +++ eee 163
Hudsonianum, Bourg.....----
irriguum, Dougl....++ .-.0e.--
lacustre, Poir.......2..++eee-
var. Molle, Gr....s.-.06--
var. parvulum, Gr
laxifiorum, Pursh........
laaiflorum, Rich....+..+.+see6
Dobbit;. Grissiee .auies wesavans
nigrum, Richards.........+--
oxyacanthoides, L
oxyacanthoides, Hook....+..+.
oxyacanthoides, Mx...++.-++++
var. B, T. & Gi wees .eeee
var. y, T.&G......
palustre, var. 8, Hook. ....-.-+
petiolare, Dougl........
prostratum, L’Her..-........162
recurvatum, MX. ..+.ee cence rene 163
rigens, Mx..--.seeeeeee ee oes 162
rotundifolium, Mx........... 161
PAM UN Vie: dococ 0:4 in 3 ats tao ap ewtve va ;
sanguineum, Pursh
saxosum, Hook......+-....0e
setosum, Lindl...........
trifidum, Mx....
triflorum, Willd
triflorum, Hook. & Arn.......-
villosum, Nutt...-
viscosissimum, Pursh... 163,528
Robinia, UGisGeswss yacan dejqenieses 110
hispida, Vent.....-+0+ seenee 110
Pseudacacia, L...... e060 .seee 110
viscosa, Vent........-.se005- 110
Romanzoftfia, Cham.............. 334
Sitchensis, Bongard.........- 334
Unalaschkensis, Cham....... 334
Rosai, TOUEN sass sions ovate oa es.aes 143
acicularis, Lindl. ...........+. 521
acicularis, Lindl., var, Bour-
geauiana, Crépin..144, 520
Arkansana, Porter..........-+ 520
blanda, Altssciun seers 144, 519
var. setigera, Crépin...144, 520
blanda, Pursh........-.-.s00. 145
blanda, Rich.... ....6..eeeee 144
Bourgeauiana, Crépin......+.. 144
Californica,Cham. & Schlecht { 144
520
Carolina, Less ssn seaves 148, 519
Caroliniana, Mx... ....0. 600666145
cinnamomea, Hook......-- 06. 144
var, 8,T. & G. ...........144
Fendleri, Crépin.............. 521
fraxinifolia
gymnocarpa. Nutt
humilis, Marsh
leevigata, Borrer
lucida, Ehrh.............
lucida, Ehrh. ...... 0.0200 2e0e 521
Dyonti, Pursh....--.+....
micrantha, Smith
nitida, Willd ...........
Nutkana, Presl..........
parviflora, Ehrh.........
parviflora, Ehrh......++.+-++-
Pennsylvanica, Micbhx..... 143, 144
pisocarpa, Gr........+-e.-ee- 520
pruinosa, Baker........-..--- 521
rubiginosa, L.........+-.--6- 145
Sayi, Schwein....... -...--6. 520
setigera, Mx..........e05 0000148
stricta, Macoun & Gibson...... 144
var. 8,T. & G.. ... 144
suaveolens, Pursh..........+.- 145
Woodsii, Lindl............... 521
Woodsii, T. & G.... seeees anes 144
var. — Hook.......--..65 144
ROSACEHE (XXXII). .-..0.seee ee ee L D4
RUBIACER (XLIX).-.ccceseeeceee vee 199
Rubus, Tourn........2..eee evens 128
acaulis, MxX~...6c cere vee e o00e 129
arcticus, Li cs.0.6 e258 623 ene 129,514
var. ‘grandiflorus, Ledeb.. -{ 129
514
Canadensis, L....-. ...eee eens 1381
Chameemorus, L.........128, 514
Dalibarda, L............. 129, 514
flagellaris, Willd.........-.56- 131
hispidus, L........ sseraead OL
var. setosus, T. & G. esate 131
Ideus,Pursh se eee eee 130
var. Canadensis, Rich..... 130
amermis, Willd ...... ees cee eee
intermedia, Peck..ee .ssase cece
leucodermis, Dougl..
macropetalus, Dougl
mucronatus, Seringe
neglectus, Peck..............
nivalis, Dougl...... .-.see sees
Nutkanus, Mogino
obovalis, MX... cc. ce seee cee eee
obovatus,
een ‘var. 8, Hook..
Odorats, Liss sisicseess tence 1.198
pedatus, Smith........... 129, 514
pistillatus, Smith.. + so -syie 129
propinguus, Rich........-..05 129
saxatilis, var. Canadensis, Mx..129
setosus, Bigel
spectabilis, Pursh
stellatus, Smith..........
strigosus, Mx........ :
suberectus, Hook.......cee weer
triflorus, Richards
PAGE. PAGE.
trivialis, Pursh.......seee eens 131 Virginica, Le.sseececeerecees 403
ursinug, Cham. & Schlecht....130 Virginica, Moquin............ 403
villosus, Ait...... seceee. TST 514s. | Salties Listea siscors ding dn accienaaeonecetivond 444
var. frondosus, Torr...... 181 adenophylla, Hook........... 444
var. humifusus, T. & G....131 alba, L., var. ceerulea, Smith. ..444
vitifolius, T. & G alba + fragilis, Wimmer. ..... 444
Rudbeckia, Linn............. 0006 ambigua, PurSh....+ssese cece 451
columnaris, Pursh....... 00 243 amygdaloides, And...... ....444
var. pulcherrima, Don....243 angustata, Pursh....---+e+ ees 447
fulgida, Aits... cece sees scenes arbuscula, Leese cece cee cevees 445
hirta, L........ 000+ arctica, R. Br... cssesseesees 444
laciniata, L........ ss sees var. petreea, And......+.. 445
RUMOR; Dieses. wiswasincnesia cowie arctica, var. buxifolia, Ledeb..452
Acetosss Lie escceee ise geese et argophylla, Nutt..+...-.s.e0es 450
Acetosa, Liesescscceesarcceeece arguta, var. lasiandra, And....449
Acetosella, L....... aaa argyrocarpa, And............ 445
acutus, Lisscsew sca a balsamifera, Barratt..........445
aquaticus, Pursh Barcleyi, And. . vee 445
Britannica, Pursh....: 2.00... 415 var. latiuscula, And...... 446
CLIS DUS, Litsiwie wasorsiecata wid eostaisiere'e 416 Barrattiana, Hook............ 445
digynus, Pursh..... ...-+-e.- 414 callicarpzea, Traut.........+-. 444
domesticus, Hartm........ «+. 415 candida, Willd............... 446
Engelmanni, var. (?) Geyert, Caroliniana,Mx......-++060..451
DGreveea see: aansarentat ais 417 Chamissonis, And....-....... 446
Hydrolapathum, Huds., var. (?) chlorophylla, And......--.+. -446
et a Gr...... 415 chlorophylla, var. pellita, And. .454
longifolius, DC...... oe ALB conifera,: Willd
maritimus, L...... 2... 000 417 cordata, Mubl
obtusifolius, L..... eciesien ea siaiete 416 var, angustata, Gr... ...447
occidentalis, Wat......+++...- 415 var. balsamifera, Hook... ..445
orbiculatus, Gr..... 0.2... eee 415 var. Mackenziana, Hook. .447
Patientia, Lo... sss. see ceceee 415 cordifolia, Pursh..........6. 444
pauciflorus, Nutt...........+- 417 crassijulis, Traut....-....eeees 452
persicarioides, Leeasesce cavene 417 cuneata, Nutt. ...... cee ceeeee 454
salicifolius, Weinmann........ 416 GQiitlert, TaCks oes eres ox 45 455
sanguineus, Liceeeesese severe desertorum, Rich............ 448
sanguineus, L...... see eee eens diplodyctya, Traut..........6. 452
venosus, Pursh.. discolor, Muhl........-...... 447
verticillatus, L var. eriocephala, And....447
RUTACEAE (XXIV). e+e ceeeee ce ceeeee Drummondiana, Barratt....... 448
ertocephala, Mx...... -eesee ee 447
falcata, Purgh......+. seseeeee 451
Sabbatia, AdnS.........eee ceeeee 320 flavescens, Nutt.............. 448
angularis. Pursb.....-....+--320 var. Scouleriana, Bebb....448
Sagina, Disses sus veaewesauriceice es 79 fulcrata, var. subglauca, And. .448
decumbens, IT. & G....---.--- 79 Jusca; HOOK sacs. weceve senwes 445
Linnei, Presl......--.---- 79, 499 fuscata, Pursh.....escsece sees 453
nodosa, E. Meyer.......-. 79, 499 glauca, Ty sawawsese are saras 448
occidentalis, Wat......+...79,499 var. villosa, And......... 448
procumbens, L.......+++-- 79. 499 glaucops, ANA. ...e. ceveee ceee 448
procumbens, Li... see ceee eens 79 GQUACHAS, ANG sais ccie teed aver ieapiveer 453
procumbens, Pursh........+... 79 grisea, Willd.......... .-eseee 455
subulata, T. & G...... aisie epee 19 herbacea, L.....-.0+0 .. seen ee 449
SALICINER.. (XCVIII)- +++ see. ceeeee 444 Hookeriana, Barratt......... 449
Salicornia, L....... eee cece cence 403 Houstoniana, Pursh.......... 451
ambigua, Mx..+s.seeseee eens 404 humilis, Marshall............ 449
fruticosa, var. ambigua, Gr..... 404 humillima, And...........0.. 449
herbacea, L .....e+ cece ceeeee 403 incana, Mx......... pains Saas 446
herbacca, var. prosrats, Bourg. .403 Lambertiana, Pursh.......... 453
mucronata, Bigel.........+. --403 Janata Die ssccisis se: erscoyr ise eeranas 455
radicans, Hook....-+- eroteteleiverd 404 lancifolia, ANG ....eereee sere 450
614
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGB.
lasiandra, Benth., var. lanci-
folia, Bebb........-.. 450
var. typica, Bebb.....---- 449
ligustrina, VES ayecd cians voverencremenrs oid 451
livida, var. occidentalis, Gr....- 453
longifolia, Muhl.......--...-- 450
var. argyrophylla, And. ..450
var pedicellata, And...... 450
longirostris, MX.....s+see eee 449
lucida, Willd.. - 450
lucida, var. macrophylla, And. -450
Muhienbergiana, Purshs essa <3 449
myrtilloides, L.......-. see eee 451
myrtilloides, Cham......+++..- 452
nigra, Hook......sese-s-eee- 451
var. amygdaloides, And. ..444
var. falcata, Gr. «++. eeeeee 451
Novee-Anglie, And., var. myrtil-
lifulia, And.........- 452
var. pseudo-cordata, And. .452
var. pseudo-myrsinites,
And
ecanisiaier ava te labesar steers 452
orbicularis, And.......--.... 452
ovalifolia. Traut .-..+.--..-. ee 452
Pallasii, And., var. crassijulis,
ANG sccees, sedans 452
var. diplodyectya, And....452
pedicellaris, Pursh....+..-+00+ 451
petiolaris, Smith.......-..... 453
var. gracilis, And........ 453
phlebophylla, And........... 452
phyllicoides, And ..........4. 453
polaris, Wahl................ 453
prinoides, Pursh.... ..seeseee 447
prolixa, And.........00..-0.. 452
purpurea, L...... 1... ee ee ee ee
pyrifolia, And...
repens, Gr... +s
reticulata, L.........0. seca
var. nivalis, Hook........454
retusa, Hook....1. ssc ceeeee 452
Richardsoni, Hook........... 454
Pigida, Willd is wiawes oe do0 Hoes 446
rosmarinifolia, Pursh......+++-453
rostrata, Rich.............6-. 453
rubra, Rich...... seeeee ceeees 450
Scoweriana, Barratt.......... 448
sericea, Marshall......... 00 455
Sessilifolia, Nutt...........0.. 454
Sitchensis, Sanson........... 0454
var. angustifolia, Bebb....454
speciosa, Hook. & Arn........ 454
speciosa, Nutt....s. sss. eee 450
tTISUIS, ALE n-cisieisien.ay-ceiasnsies ge 6 455
Unalaskaensis, Cham.......... 452
Uva-ursi, Pursh......--..0... 455
Uva-ursi, Seem..... 1.0.02 eee 452
Uva-ursi, Hook. ....00 seeeee ee 455
vestita, Pursh............... 455
villosa, Hook. ...0cese ceees »..448
VAM IAS Li visio eccerey serie wrereiaraie 455
Salsolay Tec cas ics veweni areata acai 5
depressa, Pursh........esesee+
kali, L
platyphylla, Mx...--...-.560-
salsa, MX vscacessvecs neice sn es
Sambucus, L.... sce see cceeveee
Canadensis, L............+..
melanocarpa, Gr ‘ E
pubens, MX...... ceeeee cenees
var. y, arborescens, T. & G...193
pubescens, Pers.-++++ eeeeee eee 193
racemosa, L :
var. pubens, Wat....-. 193, 538
var. arborescens, T. & G. -
racemosa, Hook...+++e0+ee+.-- 193
racemosa, var. 8, Hook. ...+---
Samiolus, Le ess ewcsta sce ese etna
Valerandi, L
Valerandi, L.
Ce ee i
nus, Gr
Sanguinaria, L.......+2.+++- psudieres
Canadensis, L........- iy eteieleravs 34
Sanguisorba annua, T. & G.w-. eee 519
Canadensis, L..- e+. see. eevee 148
var. latifolia, Hook....... 148
ME, Dis cs sara kewwees vee se8 143
media, Hook......- -143
officinalis, Li... 1. ce ceee aeons 143
Sanicula, Tourn..cc....-2+6 soos +178
arctopoides, Hook. & Arn..... 179
bipinnatifida, Dougl...... 179, 533
Canadensis, L............ 178,533
Marylandica, L..........- 179, 533
Marylandica, T. & G..seeeseee 178
var. Canadensis, Torr,.....178
Menziesii, Hook. & Arn. ..179, 533
SANTALACBAS (XCL)..-. eee cece cece 423
Santolina suaveolens, Pursh.......- 254
SAPINDACBE (XRixX)..-..00 0. s,s eee 98
Saponaria, Le...s... sees ee eee ee ee 70
Officialis, L...e.cce cee ceesee 70
Vaccaria, L....-..---e sees 70, 495
Sarcobatus, Nees.......0+--.0+04- 405
vermiculatus, Torrey......... 405
Sarothamnus, L..........0. sees 104
scoparius, Koch.........-+.+- 104
Sarracenia, Tourn...... 0.26 ceeeee 33
heterophylla, Eaton.....-..-.. 33
purpurea, L......-..+.eeeeee 33
var. heterophylla, Torr.... 33
SARRACBNIACEE (VII). +++ eee ceeeee 33
Sassafras, NeeS......00 sees ueee 419
officinale, Nees.....---.+. 26+ 419
Satureiay Licsss ssaewe voses se auaeee 383
hortensis, L................ .883
Saururus, L............ sees -419
Cornus, Liss. es esuaacenise gneisses 419
Saussurea, DC....... .ceeen ce eeee 271
alpina, DC..........ceee eens 271
var. Ledebouri, Gr... .272, 556
INDEX. 615
PAGD. PAGE,
alpina, var. remotifolia, Hook . .272 ranunculifolia, Hook.... ....151
monticola, Richards......... 0271 reflexa, Hook....+. -s-eeeee-s 152
subsinuata, Ledeb...-.....5++ 272 Richardsontt, Gre... ees. -e ee ee 155
Saxifraga, Duis s'ise sania anew sours 149 rivularis, L........ cee eee 151, 523
adscendens, L.... ....... 150, 528 var. hyperborea, Hook...151
estivalis, Fisch.........20..4. 153 var. Laurentiana, Engler. .151
var. 6, T. & G..... eiciniantis 153 rivularis, Wat......0 022s aeeaee 524
var. 6, T. & Geese cee eeeee 153 serpyllifolia, Pursh.........- +150
aizoides, L......-..6. e008 155, 525 setigera, Pursh........ .e0e+. 154
Aizoon, Jacq ........000- 150, 523 Sibirica, Pursh.........00 500. 151
androsacea, Pursh......+-..+. 150 Sibirica, T. & Geessceveceeeee 151
arguta, Don.........eee eee 153 sileniflora, Sternb............ 150
bronchialis, L...... 2.5.05 154, 524 spathulata, var. arctica, T. & G.149
var. cherlerioides, Engler. .154 spicata, Don.eee. sss seeeeacee 153
ceespitosa, Le... . eee eeee 150, 523 stellaris, Dscsisisdes ee ceneen 163
var. uniflora, Hook. ..150, 523 var. comosa, Poir........ 153
cespitosa, R. Br....se sees eens stellaris, var. Brunoniana, Bong.152
COMA, Liseisisa seein at nee tricuspidata, Retz........ 154, 525
controversa, Sternb uniflora, R. Breese seceeeevees 150
Cymbalaria, Sternb....:....-+ venosa, Haworth............- 150
var. 8, Sternb...........-1 vernalts, Willd.......2+ eceeee 152
Davurica, Pallas......-...... Virginiensis, Mx..........+.. 152
Davurica, T. & Geeeees eee eee Virginiensis, Hook...... 2.0.05 152
Davurica, Hook..--...... see SAXIFRAGACDA (XXXII). -++++ ee eeee 149
Davurica, Bourg....+- secre ee Scleranthus, L......u.cee cence ae 81
debilis, Engelm...... ........ annuus; Lis ssaeageesses sas 81, 499
Clata,, Nuthesewse sass os sacar Scrophularia, L........ ee ee eens 854
Eschscholtzii, Sternb......... 149 lanceolata, Pursh.....0+sesees 354
exarata, Hook .........0e00 ee 150 Marilandica, Vie... oes ser eons 354
exilis, Stephan... ...... se. 151 NUGOSAs. Liviewie neaeee ¢ nenarcarwe 354
Jflabellifolia, R. Br........-.-+ 153 nodosa, L., var. Marilandica,
flagellaris, Willd............. 154 GB Adiec tage come nentiais siiexasens BOA
foltosa, R. Br... ee cece eee ee 153 | SCROPHULARIACER (LXX).--.1ee+ sees 352
heterantha, Hook....- 153,524 | Scutellaria, L...... ....ec eee eee 388
hieracifolia, Waldst. & Kit....152 angustifolia, Pursh...........388
Hirculus, L.... - ee eee eee 154, 524 canescens, Nutt............4. 388
hyperborea, R. Br....ee seen eee 151 galericulata, L...... 2,-2.0... 388
integrifolia, Hook............ 152 lateriflora, Le...s. se eeee coun 388
Jamesii, Torr.........+6+.... 161 parvula, Mx..........68. 888, 574
Laurentiana, Seringe.......... 151 serrata, PurSh........eceeeess 388
leucanthemifolia, Mx., var. Sedum, Tourn......-. sss seee eee 164
Brunoniana, T. & G..152 BCTE; Lisies see bis wavscgneacs 164, 528
var. ferruginea,T. & G..152, 524 Douglasii, Hook.............. 528
leucanthemifolia, Lodd.....- - 152 obtusatum, Gr.....-.. eeeee 164
Lyallii, Engler......-.... 158, 524 rhodanthum, Gr.......... 165, 529
Mertensiana, Bong.....-++++++ 153 Rhodiola, DC............ 165, 528
Nelsuniana, Don.......+++ eee 153 spathulifolium, Hook......... 164
nitida, Ledeb......+seeeevere 154 stenopetalum, Pursh...... 164, 528
nivalis, L.... ..eee eeeeee 152, 524 Telephium, L.......-....ee ee
nudicaulis, Don..........- 2153 ternatum, Mx..
nutans, DOMsererececceweerees 334 | SpLAGINACD& (LXXY)..+
opporitifolia, L....+... ees 149,523 | Selinum, L..........0, eee eee eee
pectinuta, Purgh....+.see0 see. 127 ucaule, Pursh iG hawdareeg acerca
Pennsylvanica, L.......+++... 523 Benthami,Wat...........
petiolaris, R. Breese. se eeee es 151 Canadense, Mxiiiencesd acciors
petreed, Hook... ++. seeeeveee ee 150 Pacificum, Wits <sa45 cormncwnnes 185
plantuginifolia, Hook.....-.+- 152 terebinthi.um, Hook.......... 186
propingua, R. Br. .....+++,..154 Senebiera, DC........ eee cece eee 57
Pseudo-Burseriana, Fisch..... 154 Coronopus, Poir......-..+. 57,491
punctata, L -....-.-s eee. 158, 524 didyma, Pers.... ......... 58,491
var. Nelsoniana, Engler. ..153 pinnatifida, DO... eee eee 58
616
PAGE.
Senecio; Discs swage hese anos sen 262
amplectens, Gr.......+-++++- 264
ei ahd ale Hook .....5 +65 268
aureus, L osama 4 3 264
var. Balsamite, T. & G.. -{ 268
554
var. borealis, T. & G. .265, 554
var. compactus, Giisatee se4 554
rar. croceus, Gr.....+-.ees 554
var. discoideus, Hook..... 265
var. lanceolatus, Oakes... . .265
var. obovatus, T. & G..... 265
var. subnudus, Gr-....... 266
aureus, Hook......+2.eee08 -. 265
aureus 3, gracilis, Hook........ 265
Balsamite, Mubl.... ......-. «265
canus, Hook.......-+++. -- 266,555
var. B, T. & Greco veccene 266
Cymbalaria, Pursh......--....266
Elliottit, T. & Gwe. cece 000 265
eremopnilus; Richards........ 266
exaltatus,T. & G....e0..0e 20 264
Fremonti, T. & G. ........266, 555
var. occidentalis, Gr...... 555
frigidus, Less......... 00000 267
gracilis, Pursh..se-seseeseee 264
hieracifolius, L....+eeeseee eee 262
Hookeri, T. & G...-. 2 seine 263
hydrophilus, Nutt............ 268
integerrimus, Nutt....... 264, 554
integrifolius, HOOK...++. .++08 263
Jac bea, L.wsescce see ee eeee 266
longidentatus, DC. ...... eeeee 2267
lugens, Richards......... 263, 554
var. exaltatus, T. &G...... 264
var. foliosus, Gr......-... 554
megacephalus, Nutt.......... 263
obovatus, Pursh......-.+.005.. 265
palustris, Hook......-..+. 263, 554
var. congesta, Hook...... 263
pauperculus, MX....+0 seseeeee
petreus, Klatt........-..2.20-
Pseudo-Arnica, Less......
resedifolius, Less.....
var. Columbiensis, Gr....
subnudus, DC ...ce0 see weceee -266
sylvaticus, L.......+.00.. 263, 555
triangularis, Hook........ 267,555
viscosus, L.... -..s00 eeeeee 263
vulgaris, L...+...... . -262
Sericocarpus, Nees.......0...006 +218
solidagineus, Nees...........
Seseli. divaricatum, Pursh
divaricatum, Hook. .....0.-+6..
letocarpum, Hook......
triternatum, Pursh............
Shepherdia, Nutt. Pereira eeea Bee Ak
argentea, Nutt............... 422
Canadensis, Nutt. - c eidiarelele Waterers 421
Sherardia, L diale seco carcpouieneOOk
arvensis, L....cascsesese reve 204
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.
PAGE.
Sibbaldia, L......+ sees 135
CreCla; Liesscss coosse visesaae ol 95
procumbens, L....... - 135,515
Sicyos, L...... see nis lea earsiareie Yorn 176
angula.us, L...-...-.+-+- 176, 532
lobatus, M&....cere ee ceeeee ee 177
Sida Abutiion, L....+ Saeco aieeend tints - 87
coccined, DC. .ssseereeeseee-.- 87
hederacead, TOrr..+++eeeeeeuee - 88
malvzxflora, DC..+ee0-+-+00-+. 87
Oregana, Nutt.........+++ 87,501
Sidaleea, Gr. ..6...0c88- 02 cece ca wees 87
malveeflora, Gr...-. see cece es 87
var. Oregana, Wat........ 501
Sieversia dilatata, R.Br.......-+++- 134
glacialis, R. Brows... eeeeee 2. 184
humilis, R. Br.-.... sees oe 184
radiata, Hook ...ceecseeen eee 134
Rosstt, Ri Brissccs cccdssceew< 134
triflora, Ry Bresses'ss saesoraas ~134
Silene, L...... eee ce eee ew eens
acaulis, L........ ‘
antirrhina, L F
ATIMOTIAs Liaise s wie: ee sverstenseeiciew
Douglasii, Hook. sii saeccees OF
Drummondii, Hook..... ...+. 69
Gallica, Les ssacs ox waxes oe 495
inflata, Smith.......-..... 67, 494
Menziesii, Hook........... 68, 494
multicaulis, Nutt....... 0.2.0. 494
noctiflora, L......-eeeee ee een 68
nocturna, L...... wee eee eee «495
Pennsylvanicd -oeescccesvevees 68
Scouleri, Hook............ 67,494
SCOULETT: scdstews.. Ha ¥sawiewnn we 69
stellarioides, Nutt.....-.+-..-. 68
stellata, Aib........-.e. eee ese 67
Virginica, L........--200 ewe (OL
Silphium, L............--00 e000 239
leve, Hooks sesesd secess seenice 550
perfoliatum, L............ 239, 549
So DLivisansevareaue 239
Sinapis alba, L.. wide mead aves: 4S
arvensis, Tika nauk dace Saas ea eee AT
NAGI, Mis dvin ec sce Vrionse sees A8
Sison bulbosum, Mx..+-.5 cece eee 180
Canadense, Dig pasiss otiea sacar 182
marginatum, Mx...0.....+-0- 188
trifoliatum, Mx... 160 cee eee ee 181
Sisymbrium, L........... aie Seiesets 46
acutangulum, DC............ 47
amphitium, L...... seeceeceee 38
arabidoides, Hook...... ++. oe Al
brachycarpum, Rich....+. - 46
canescens, Nutt..... aida ie so: AG
var. brachycarpum, T.
OG GEE bes Sraisiaiee Raerewe? 46
canescens, Benth....--s6 seveee 47
var. brevipes, . & Geeeeee etl
curvisiliqgua, Hook.... ..eeeeee
humile, C. A. Meyer. saws 47, 437
INDEX. 617
PAGE. PAGE,
incisum, Englm., var. filipes, gigantea, T. & Geeveee ceeceeee 215
EEO RON ork glutinosa, Nutt.... wesc ceeeees 218
var. Hienven gia nuet, Wat... 47 Houghtonii, T. & G.......-6- 217
junceum, Hook....cceeeeeeees 46 humilis, Pursh........... 218, 543
linifolium, Nutt........... 46, 487 var. B, T. & Gri eeeeee veee 213
Nasturtium, Purshiivssicn.cvvea 87 incana, T. G& Guwcck.waswen wes 217
Officinale, Scop. ...... -sseee ee 46 juncea, Ait........eee eeeeee ee 215
palustre, Leese cece cece eeesaee 87 lanata, Hook...........eeeoee 212
salsugineum, eal select er aeeeesnee 47 lanceolata, L. ...... eee eee eee 217
Sophia, L.... see -seee cree oe lanceolata, Hook......+208 0... 217
Sophia, Pursh aliatthinteacitvaibleraiengie’sia latifolia, Drei yess gg eeien geese 211
Sophia, var. Rich........e08.. letocarpa, DC... 6 te cere eee ee 212
Sophioides, Fisch............ lepida, DC 'e:es0i05-s000sais nase 216
Thaliana, Gay....... sees eaee macrophylla, Pursh....... 212, 543
Sinus Leses pected sasiin detets Missouriensis, Nutt....... 215,548
angustifolium, L...... var. montana, Gr.....+.6. 215
cicuteefolium, Gmelin Muhlenbergit, T. & G.wseeeeees 215
‘Douglasii, DC.... see eee eee multiradiata, Ait............. 212
latifolium, Bigel.............. var. Beppulovent, Gr: 212, 543
ineare, Mx... .. cece cece «+ 182 neglecta, T. & G soveine da DUHE
pusillum, Niltiscaaine casein ecies 534 nemoralis, Ait... ss... 216, 543
PIGTAIUS: Dacca: cchaninis ps tat 188 var. incana,Gr.....eeeeee 217
Smelowskia, C. A. Meyer......... 56 occidentalis, Nutt............ 217
calycina, C. A. Meyer...... 56, 490 odora, Ait--...0..0. cee ow wad 214
Smyrnwum aureum, Losre. cece eens 181 Ohioensis, Riddell.......- 217, 543
cordatum, Walters 2c ssacnun 181 patula, Muhl...... .......... 214
integerrimum, Lis-aewiaiiisn aceneineed OO DT OCEEO;, Altea sie sinis oes Wb seceine 216
* trifoliatum, Muhl. saver lO puberula, Nutt............ 213,543
SOLANACEH (LXIX)....--+0 ceee cease 348 retrorsa, Mx. ......seeeeeee ee 214
Solan GIy, Lies. vse ssoneaeiy ie secianare 348 Riddellii, Frank........ 0.0.4. 543
Carolinense, L.......-+. ...4. 348 TIGA, Oasawee render we 217,543
Dulcamara, L......0068-...eee 348 rugosa, Milliccssmsiccscnnneas 214
heterandrum, Pursh........... 348 Sarothre, Pursh............4- 208
MIGTUM, Levesasevcae dele esiees 348 sempervirens, L.............. 213
rostratum, Dunal............ 348 sempervirens, MX..seeersee eee 214
triflorum, Nutt......... 2.0006 348 serotina, Ait........0.......- 215
Solea concolor, Ging. ...... .s+.008.. 61 var. gigantea, Gr.. +216
Solidago; Diwwsnscedasaties.290% 211 serotina, T. & Goi. sese eee eee 216
‘altissima, Hook...... .sseee ee 214 speciosa, Nutt..............4. 214
var. 8, T. & Gi. eee ee oe 24 squarrosa, Muhl.............. 211
amplexicaulis, Mertens........ 543 stricta, Hook........-6+.. 2138, 214
arguta, Ait...csescee rece cees 215 stricta, TDS Gb IG cerdcelseaerasisigacsianseters 214
arguta, T. & G..... she, geal fora sete 215 tenuifolia, PUurshs seca. saeeex 208
asperata, Pursh.......++...++-214 Terrze-Novee, T. & G.... 200000215
axillaris, Pursh...++ eseceesees 211 thyrsoidea, E.} Meyer.......... 212
bicolor; Lew sreseconnenee awe 211 uliginosa, Nutt............0.. 214
var. concolor, T. & G..... 212 villosa, Pursh..........0..4-. 214
var. lanata, Gr...++e0e+e. 212 Virgaurea, L., var. alpina,
CBI Laie os saat scan aes o 211 Bigel ncsss genes 213, 543
var. axillaris, Gr......... 211 Virgaurea, Hoke sas esnwssinieae 213
Canadensis, Hook....+....00. 216 Virgaurea, Pursh....... .seees 212
Canadensis, L....+. ee eee eens 216 var. multiradiata, T. & G..212
var. procera, T. & G....s. 216° | Sonchusy Lives sedsssvescaswacvss 283
var. scabra, T. &G..... .. 216 ALVENSIS, Disc ws coi weaiew essa 283
confertiflora, DC Meteu wishes 213 asper, Vill..........c0e scans 283
corymbosa, Nutt...++.sseeesee 212 ciliatus, Lam. .......cee eeeeee 283
elata,. Hooksisi% 20% eee csaewe 216 fallax, Wallroth Sar ae 283
elongata, Nutt.....-.. Pate evec DIG Floridanus, i Cea eee ne ecb 281
flewicaulis, Hook....+. ceeeee ee 211 oleraceus, L...... arene wie Ree eee 283
flexicaulis, L. var. latifolia, pulchellus, Pursh.. eee 281
OOK jararaca: ie:sce eee 211 Stbiricus, Hooks... ...seeveee 281
618
PAGE.
Sorbus Americana, Marsh ........ 146
Aucuparia, var. a, Mx... .--.++ 552
Var: (By: Mee andes sci siet-s 146
microcarpa, Pursh..........+. 522
Specularia, Heister..........-.++. 286
perfoliata, A.DC.......... 286, 559
Spergula, Leos... ..e cee cece e ee nee 80
arvensis, L.......-.+- e000 80, 499
MOD OSA. Vis concrete steeegss 6s wcaaiees 79
ubra, Ta Gis svc se aes'se paaes 80
var. y, T. & G..e-. ee eee 80
saginoides, Mx. . «. eseee... 79
Saginoides, L.-.ceeceeeeeceers 79
subulata, Hook....+.......+.- 79
Spergularia, Pers.....-....-..+.-. 80
media, Presl........-se+e sees 80
rubra, Presl.......-..e..---- 80
rubra, var. campestris, Gr...... 80
var. marina, Matthew.... 80
salina, Presl......- a ieiorsteataie-e 80
Spergulastrum gramineum, Mx..... 74
lanceolatum, Mx........25.... 74
Spheeralcea, St. Hilaire........... 88
acerifolia, Nutt...--- esses... 88
rivularis, Torr............ 88, 501
Spltea, Liscserssd ee eeseawerense 126
arizfolia, Smith..........+...127
Aruncus, L....... seeeee ee 127,518
betulifolia, Pallas............ 126
VAT. TOSEA, GT. eeeeeevcveae 513
capitata, Purgh.........0..0.. 128
chameedrifolia, var. 8, Hook. ...126
var. media, Pursh........ 126
corymbosa, Raf............45. 126
discolor, es var. arizefolia,
Dobeiasit “Fock ro 127,513
var. Menzivsii, Presl......127
hypericifolia, Marsh.........++ 126
var. Plunkenetia, Hook....
Menziesti, Hook..............127
opulifolia, L..........066 vrval QF
var. mollis, Hook......... 128
pectinata, T.& G......... 127,513
salicifolia, Lisvsscsevieesecais 126
tomentosa, L..............4. 126
trifoliata, Leceeseeeeee ceeeee 128
Spraguea, Torr........5.0..se006. 84
umbellata, Torr............5. 84
Stachbys, L...... sc seee ee eeee 00 890
aspera, MX....e...es eee. 391
aspera, MK..se cece cere ee sees 390
ciliata, Doug] secccccssses sss. 391
var. pubens, Gr.......... 391
feniculum, Pursh..........0-. 386
hispida, Horeh ahatee Wikelem wae ee 391
palustris, L.. 890
palustris, var. aspera, Gr.. 391
Staphylea, L..... cece cece cece es 98
trifolid: Diitive sce yeaa neces cears 98
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
PAGE,
States Diecseiesnsaiess Geonus e000 e308
Armeria, L....+-. seco seenne 308
Curoliniana, Walltscasscesies sires 308
Limonium, L., var. Caroli-
niana, Giseia ste 308
Steironema, Raf............0006.. 313
ciliatum, Raf................ 312
lanceolatum, Gi cag. boctibiose seine ds 313
longifolium, Gr............. 314
Stellaria, Linn..... 1... .....80.. 74
alpestris, FrieS...... 605 sees 74
aquatica, Pall.........-...006. 75
biflora, Pursh........00 2.0006 73
borealis, Bigel............... 74
var. alpestris, Gr......... 74
var. corollina, Fenzl....... 74
var. B, Hook...++. sesseeee 75
Tar. Y, HOOK..eeeseeeeee ee 76
brachypetala, Bong........+.. 74
calycantha, Bong.... ......74,497
cérastoides, i ipegeenaeesrecia 78
crassifolia, Ehrh.......... 5, 497
crispa, Cham. & Schlecht . .76, 498
Edwardsii, R. Br.....1 oseeee 76
glauca, Meyer......+++--5 +00. 7
graminea, L......-....ee eee 497
graminea, Bigel.... .......008 74
gracilis, Rich....s.eesseeee ee 75
gracilis, Rich.......... 05208 74
humifusa, Rottb..... 2.005 76, 498
humifusa, Rottb...... sees. 76
LENG. RAGhiy cssseis ince aie o ssa siete acini 6 76
longifolia, Muhl........... 74, 497
longifolia, Muhl........00.04- 74
longipes, Goldie.............. 75
var. Edwardsii, T. & G...76, 498
var. leeta, T. & eee 76, 497
var. minor, Hook...... 5, 497
media, Smith ............4. . 74
nitens, NUbtiiearniseciwseved 76
nitida, Hook.. sche yomexns VO
obtusa, Englm.. asst eacesex 76
ovalifolia, Hook... ..e0 eevee 73
palustris, Rich .....6.... +5. 75
stricta, Hook......... ..+. 75, 76
uliginosa, MEE ies bole oa ee 75, 497
umbellata, Turcz............. 76
Stenotus es Mute sehssdoas -210
Slorifer, T. & Geese cece cece eee 218
Siouhananere, oa ee ce ee 284
minor, Nutt.. oe 284
Streptanthus angustifolius, ‘Nutt. 42
virgatus, Nutt......66 oa 8:0 ae 42
Sueeda, Forsk........020 cceece cee 404
depressa, Wat...........266..404
var. erecta, Wat..... . 404
linearis,Torr., var. ramosa, Wat..404
maritima, Dumortier edicip Se pasa 404
maritima, Porter-..... ...e08. 404
Subularia, Lis siceie sos adles-seeic ei avels 55
AQUALICA, Lissa oe ae eedeaeces 55
INDEX. 619
PAGE.
Swertia, Le... cece eee cce ceeeee 326 clavatum, Hook. ....+. essences
corniculata, MX......ssseeees 326 Cornutl, Lisiiscnieesncnnecst
perennis, L., var. obtusa,Griseb..326 corynellum, DC
pusilla, Pur h...se. cee eeee 325 dioicum, L....... eee eee eee
Symphoria racemosus Pers........ 196 levigatum, Mx... 61. ce eee ee es
Symphoricarpus, Juss
occidentalis, R.Br
racemosus, MX......0. sesees 5
var pauciflorus, Robbins f 196
539
Symphytum, L............ eee. 343
Officinale, L. se... eee ewer ee 843
Syndesmon thalictroides, Hoffm.... 14
Synthyris, Benth................3860
rubra, Benth.......006 eevee. 360
Talinum Menziesii, Hook.......... 83
PYGMHUM, GLivesveveee veces 83
Tanacetum, Leeds sess vsciect eae 254
Douglasii, DC.. ae siesta OM
Huronense, N utt. . Sea Maer 254
Kotzebuense, Bess....+...2.05. 253
paucitlorum, Rich............ 254
suaveolens, Hook...-...++e0.6. 254
vulgare, L.... sees seesceecees 254
vur. crispum, DC......... 254
Taraxacum, Hall.....-. ....e. eee 279
Ceratophorum, DC....., 2.1... 279
Dens-leonis, Desf......-+00...-279
latilobum, DC....., see ceeeee 279
officinale, Weber............- 279
var. alpinum, Koch. ..279, 558
var. glaucescens, Koch...279
var. lividum, Koch.. .280, 558
var. scopulorum, Gr....... 559
palustre, DC. ... esecee ceeeee es 280
TAK UG Licks cesin tages ous on eetas oo 463
baceata, L., var. ReneS a 463
baccata, "Hook eossce couse 00-468
baccata, Lisessee ceseee ceeaeeee 463
baccata, var. minor, Mx....... 463
brevifolia, Nutt.............. 463
Canadensis, Willd..........+5 463
Tindleyana, Murray.......... 463
VTecoma, JUuSS..--sece ceveee ceneee
Tadicans, JUSS.-2+--.+e. eee
Tellima, R.Br......ceee cece eeceee
grandiflora, R.Br
parviflora, Hook. F
tenella, Walp..-....-.-+------
Tephrosia, Pers..-.- wR: ae dose
Virginiana, Pers......+-...-. 507
Tetradymia, DC.. ....-2+.--..-. 268
canescens, DG atesnaes 268
Teucrium, L....... Heisisiord a shlohey as 380
Canadense, L..s.e. ee eeee veces 380
occidentale, Gr..--- «22+ cece 2 D74
Thalictrum, Tourn...
; alpinum, L.......
anemonoides, Mx..
28
occidentale, Gr
pubcscens, Pursh
purpurascens, L
var. ceriferum, Austin... ..479
rugosum, Pursh....+...sees ee 15
sparsiflorum, Turcz.....+. +++ 15
Thaspium, Nutt.....-++ see eevee 181
actxtifolium, Nutt......+.......184
aureum, Nutt........+++0. 181,534
barbinode, Nutt.......... 181, 534
cordutum, Vl. & Gissesseeen eee 181
macrocarpum, Bourg...+..0. ++ 187
trifoliatum, Gr... 6... eee ASL
Thelypodium, Endl.............. 58
pinnatifidum, Wat........... 58
Thermopsis, R Br. ..+..-+e008--e-101
fabacea, Hook. i... cece ee eens 102
Thon tats, NG. i646 ecnexeenews 102
rhombifolia, Rich............ 101
Thesium corymbulosum, Mx......+. 423,
umbellatum, Levsvecseceeecces 2
Thlaspi, Tourn.......0 essere eeee
alpestre, L......0... is
arven-e, L........+-
Bursa-pastoris, L
cochleariforme, DC.......+.006 56
montanum, Hook.... ....-04 56
Thuya, L....-+-ee0 .eeee scisbtieyeusverass 459
excelsa, Bong....+0--++ eeeeee 461
gigantea, Nutt............... 460
Menziesii, Dougl...... .sse6 - - 460
occidentalis, L...se.seee eaves
plicata, Don.....e seseee sevece
spheeroidea, Spreng...
THYMBLHACER (LXXXVuI)
Thymus, Leese sccsseccsreteerers
Serpyllum, L....e...seeee sees
Bai ea pea i POTEET Sees ey
cordifolia, L.. $9
laciniata, Hook.....-...-.4+.
Menziesit, Pursh.....00 -seees
trifoliata, L
unifoliata, Hook.........
Tigarea tridentata, Pursh.......... 132
Pili, Lisvovsa'siineae's ovine exivigs scales 88
Americana, L...... seeeee eee 88
var. pubescens, Loud..... 88
Canadensis, Mx......
Europea, Lessee cece ccescese 88
glabra, Vent......ceeeseceess 88
re |
620
PAGE.
laxiflora, MX .ee.eesceeceeeees 88
pubescens, Ait....++++- aoe sate 88
TILIACER (XX1).. +e. ee seco eee ma
Tolmiea, T. & Ge... ee cee r eee eens
Menziesii, T. &G..
Tolmiea occidentalis, Hook.
Townsendia, Hook......--++++ +++
florifer, Gr. ......eee0c eee
Parryi, Eaton, var. alpina, Gr.. ne
sericea, Hook.....+...+eeeeee
Tragopogon, L...... eeeeee ceeeres oe
porrifolius, L......--.++- 284, 559
pratensis, L........ eee ee eee 284
Trautvetteria, Fisch......-.-..-++ 26
grandis, Nutt...+....s.eeeeeee 26
occidentalis, Gr..sseacsceseees 26
palmata, Fisch. & Meyer, var. f 26
occidentalis, Gr..... 482
Trichophyllum lanatum, Nutt....--- 249
Trientalis, Lis cesses oceotesas eee
Americana, Pursh..
arctica, Fisch. ......++.eseees
Europcea, L.... .eeeee cence ee
var. arctica, Ledeb.. .313, 565
var, latifolia, Torr....313, 565
Europea, MX...+..see0 ees ++ 313
latifolia, Hook..+....+e0++42e318
Trifolium, L..........- as Seelaaeghow Ss 104
aciculare, Nutt
agrarium, L.. ....
amplectans, L.....
ATVONSE, Liss has ane ceceese ces
depauperatum, Desv......... 106
Jimbriatum, Lindl............-+ 105
furcutum, Lindl..... .....6+- 506
gracilentum, T. & G.......... 506
heterodon, T. & Gueeesecseeesee 105
hybridum, Dee Peas co aaa om 106
involucratum, Willd...... 105, 505
var. heterodon, Wat..-...105
" involucratum, Smith.......... 105
longipes, Nutt........2-.eeeee 104
medium, L....... sess. eeeee 505
megacephalum, Nutt......... 104
microcephalum, Pursh. .. .106, 506
microcephalum, var. glabrum,
TOONS si scdiersdase-ci0is arbiare 105
microdon, Hook. & Arn..106, 506
ornithopodioides, L.......... 106
paucifiorum, Nutt........ ... 105
Pennsylvanicum, D.C....-206 06 105
polyphyllum, Nutt..ce.eceseee 105
pratense, L.......... cece eee 105
procumbens, L........-.... 45 106
refloxum, L........... ...00es 105
Tenens; Lees vesviscwawee vs eeas 105
resupinatum, L.............. 106
spinulosum, Dougl........+... 105
tridentatum, Lindl....... 105, 505
variegatum, Nutt....0.seesee- 105
Wormskioldti, Lehm.......... 105
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,
PAGE.
Trigonella, L....... seees a eee ee 506
: corniculata, L........... see. 506
Triosteum, L........ eee eeeeee ee 199
TMOAIUS,, MK scala w:ieareisiig Voi0i0 wipia.ciiece 199
perfoliatum,.L.........-- co. 540
Tripolium angustum, Hook. 2+ 228
Aiea NeeSissc sess wees 228
Trollius, Lisscics scsaesve cers a apeitue 25
Americanus, Muhl.......-+-+¢
laxus, Salisb..........056.
patula, Salisb........-.. aie
Troximon, Nutt. ..... eessessesees
aurantiacum, Hook.....
cuspidatum, ae vee aes sese 0277
Dens-leonis, Desf. «1.6.0 eese08 279
glaucum, Nutt.......0..0+++ 277
var. dasycephalum, T. § 278
Sac os sedanense ares © 558
var. parviflorum, Gr...278, 558
var. taraxacifolium, Gr... .278
glaucum, var. a., Hook........278
var. B, Hook. .........+..278
gracilens, Gr..........eee eens 279
grandiflorum, Grieesineeae esse 279
eterophyllum, ‘Greene, aise 209
humile, Gr.. su 9a vate <a eLS
laciniatam, Gr. ee
parviflorum, Nutt, ie annere eSeni aveiar's 278
ERUGa, CARP 5 a ciednise sass sas neine. 6250 0 471
Canadensis, Carr............ 471
Mertensiana, CO seceu couenn 471
Pattoniana, Engelm.......... 472
Turritis brachycarpa, T.& G....... 43
diffusa, Hook..........-..06- 47
GUGDTd, Las sisoite 05.0 a. cea woe 43
var. 8, T. & Giese eee grees 43
lzvigata, Muhl..............- 44
macrocarpa, NUtt....... ..ee0e 43
mollis, Hook... ..eseee veeeee 42
ovata, Pursh..........-0000-. 42
patula, Graham... .......-esee 42
retrofracta, Hook......seee0s 43
spathulata, Nutt.... 02+. sse06 43
stricta, Grah aualegpigmieeete sn ate cateias 43
Tussilago, Tourn........s..2.000- 259
Warfare ciccnwsisss waun secre d 259
Frida; Liss iccisesswaeeceeeis 260
palmata, Ait..csecceccceccees 260
SOOM, Abe sissies ceitaaiew ss 260
Glex; Divas: Sis ais'e' se suiultan aeons 104
Europeeus, L.........000-.4- 104
Ulinug) Lissa ss oa sie ceieaisece cies 427
Americana, L.........cee cece 428
Americana, Planchon......... 428
var. pendula, Albsssaieeies's 428
PUL ay Ms id oiaisxn) Susie's wieriows 427
racemosa, Thomas......... - 428
rubra, Mx. f.... .ss0< at bres ot eteiats 427
UMBELLIFERE (ELV) +e+eeesecee eens 178
621
INDEX,
PAGE. PAGH.
Unrtica,, Ui, iseaieie: «edetawsensenant 4380 ovalifolium, Smith......+ .292, 561
Canadensis, L...sec cece cceves 431 ovatum, Pursh....+...++- 298, 561
Canadensis, 8, minor, Hook ...431 Oxycoccus, Lisss rece cceeee aes 293
capitata, Willd..... te eee recess 432 pallidum, Griese cescecessoees 291
cylindrica, Lessee csceeeceees 432 parvifolium, Smith........... 293
OIG As Toisssceeriieainse ae: eieietayerceress 430 Pennsylvanicum, Lam......- 290
G10100; Divrorsiy: siscea ciex srcarecetaroteress 430 var. angustifolium, Gr..... 290
Aioica, MK... cece sees eece ees 430 Pennsylvanicum, Lam........- 292
var. eles iss alters 431 resinosum, Ait..... Sr issasscaiaret sete 289
divaricata, Willd.. oe 481 salicinum, Cham
gracilis, fy rere 430 stamineum, L....... .sseeee es
holosericea, Nutt...........06 431 tenellum, Pursh......- essere ee
Lyallii, Wat.............006. 430 uliginosum, L........... .291,561
procera, Willd......s. sees eeee 430 var. roucronatum, Herder..291
pumila, L.ese.ee pagans is asiraeeete 431 vacillans, Solander..... » -290, 560
urens, L...... ain gon eejeereataeetae! 431 vacillans..... ip ceeceas anita eesroe 291
URTICACBHE (XCIII).......-eeeee cease Vitis-Ideea, Lie... wee eee eee 293
Utricularia, L.........0......00% Valeriatias Lasccweveasoaiedewess 204
ceratophylla, Mx.......esees capitata, Pall....+sesesseeeee 541
clandestina, Nutt. . capitata, Willd..........ee ee 204.
cornuta, Mx... ..ceee sees eens 376
Foalla) 6. el Digg eect ieee eee eee 375
inflata, Walt........-cesseeee 375
intermedia, Hayne....... 375,573
ININGD p Wtss.ticg diar'e piarsie logiein eres 875
minor, ‘TOY. ...00 cceses cevece 375
resupinata, B. D. Greene...... 376
setaced, MX.vi.ccneee weveve ns 375
striala, Tuck....- wo eisia Rare 374
subulata, Pursh...... gale rata 875
vulgaris, L., var. Americana,Gr..375
Uvaria triloba, T. & Gewese scree vey 28
Vaccaria vulgaris, Host...--+.+.... 70
VACCINIACER (LV) ses eeececece see 289
Vaceininm, Lees. cecccecs natnns os 290
album, Pursh....+. +--+. .0-- 290
cxspitosum, Mx.......... 291,561
var. cuneifolium, Nutt..
cespitosum, var. angustifolium,
G
DO ce PEP ARETE nsearnols 92
Canadense, Kalm sia Riasitdinate 290, 560
Chamissonis, Bong...-++.++006 292
corymbosum, L.......... 290, 560
var. amcenum, Gr.......- 290
ugr. atrococcum, Gr. .291, 560
var. pallidum, Gr......... 291
dimorphum, Mx.-..00 seeeee ee 290
dumosum, Dunal..--....+. see. 289
Fuscatum, GLeeececessceceees 291
hispidulum, Mx...++. seseeeee 294
macrocarpon, Ait...+. es eeeeee 293
myrtilloides, Gr., var. membra-
naceum, Dougl ceecene ‘1 292
var. rigidum, Hook. ..292, 561
myrtilloides, Wat...» o: aeareletel 292
et ona HOG sive sia. 292
Myrtillus, L......e.ssseesee 292
var. microphyllum, Hook {eet
var. Hookeri, T. & G....205, 541
ciliata, T. & G 2
dioica, L., var. sylvatica, Wat. £ 204
541
var. uliginosa, T. & G..204,541
edulis, NUtt cos. cess 0 weaccia.e 205
pauciflora, Hook...... eseeees 205
Sitchensis, Bong.........-..-. 541
sylvatica, Banks. ...0seeeeeee 541
sylvatica, Rich......+..-..ee-
VALBRIANACES (L).. asi
Vancouveria, Morr. & Decais. aia
hexandra, Morr. & Decais
Verbascum, L..... ceeeceeeeeees
Blattaria, L...... eee eevee ee
Claytoni, Mx.. eid agavalotnnagnnes
Lychnitis, L.......+eee veces
Thapsus, L......---eee ees +00 302
Verbena, Lessee secree ceceteeces 378
angustifolia, Mx............. 379
bracteosa, Mx..........05 379, 574
hastata, L.....sse cece cee eee 879
hastata, var. pinnatifida, Lam . .379
paniculata, Lam....+..eseeees 379
rugosa, ee aise le CoE Win anaiaia-acet at 379
urticeefolia, L....e. cee eee eee 378
VERBENACHH (LXXVI)++++.ee- sooo es 378
Verbisina Coreopsis, Mx.....++...-246
Vernonia, Schreb......eeseeesece 206
altissima, Nutt.....+s.+. sare 541
Noveboracensis, Willd. ....206, 541
preealta, Hook...... esses eee 206
Veronica, L....-..... 360
agrestis, Din vntsaieas We auccwienis 362
alpina, L 361,571
alpina, var. Wormskioldii, Hook.361
Americana, Schwein......... 360
Anagallis, L....- ea weleiat acere Oa 360
Anagallis, Bong...se.seeevece 360
aphylla, var. grandiflora, Benth.361
arvensis, L.,.ee eeeeee cree sede
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA...
622
PAGE.
Beccabunga, Hook. ....+....0+- 360
Buxbaumii, Tenore.......... 363
Chameedrys, L........-0e eee 361
Kamtschatica, L, f...........361
nutans, Bong.... 361
officinalis, L.................361
peregrina, L...... essen eeees 362
scutellata, L.......eseee ceca 361
var. pubescens, Macoun. ..361
Serpyllifolia, Le...s. sees scene 362
Stelleri, Pall......-..... 000 361
Virginica, Le... cee ee evens 360
Vesicaria, Lam..........seeeee ee 54
alpina, Nutt...... ee. seveees 54
arctica, Rich. .eeseesseeeee 54, 490
arctica, Rich.........seeeeees 54
var. B, Hook, e+... eeeeee 54
arenosa, Rich.......... cee 54
didymocarpa, Hook......+.+.. 54
Ludoviciana, DC.......... 54, 490
Viburnum, Lo... se see ee ee ee eeee 194
acerifolium, L............... 194
acerifolium, Bong.....-..+. 24+ 195
cassinoides, L.
cassinoidrs, L..
dentatum, L..
Cd ule, DG 3:3 ale ss ohtirindeis cass
lantanoides, Mx..........-.-. 195
Lentago, L...... eee eee e a ee 194
nudum, var. L., cassinoides,
Ts & Grae vers seciies 194, 588
nudum, Hook.. sas Saari O4
Opultis; vessegs oe 89 be iesaas 195
Opulus, var. Americanum, Ait... .195
Oxycoccus, Push... eee eee. 195
pauciflorum, Pylaie...... 195, 539
Ttfenle, Hook..........05 194
pubescens, Fursh............ 194
pyrifolium, Purshs wa esac cc ey 194
Widia; HOUT iss ery yseaerax caine 120
Americana, Muhl.... .... 171,512
var. linearis, Wat..... 121.512
Caroliniana,Walt......... 120, 512
CTACCAY a. wietiawiaca de. bdvoace ites 120
gigantea, Hook .... 121,512
hirsuta, Koch.......-.... 120,511
Origuna, Nutt... .ceeeee eee 121
parr flora, MK... eee cere ee eee 120
BatiVa, Lisiven seeces ei ans wey 120
var. angustifolia, Seringe. ..511
tetrasperma, Loisel....... 120,511
tridentuta, Schw....... ese.een, 121
Villarsia Crista-galli, Griseb....... 327
lacunosa, Vent...
Viola, L......-e ee .
adunca, Smith
bicolor, pees
biflora, L sce
biflora, var. . ‘Sitchensis, Regel..
pblanda, Willd...........-.... ae
Canadensis, Li... ssseceeeeee 64
PAGE.
canina, L., var. adunca, Gr.... 64
var. longipes, Nutt....... 493
var. rupestris, Regel... 64, 493
var. sylvestris, Regel...... 63
clandestina, Pursh. 62
concolor, Forst...
cucullata, Ait......sseee- Acer
var. cordata, Gr......++-. 63
var. palmata, Gr.....- oe. 63
debilis, MK....00 ceeeeeseeeees 63
debilis, Purgsh...seseseveseceee 63
delphinifolia, Nutt..........+ «493
dentata, Pursh
digitata, Pursh
glabella, Nutt..
Tanceolata, Le...s. seees
Langsdorffii, Fisch.......... -. 63
linguxfolia, Nutt. +106. seeeen es 65
longipes, Nutt.....-+06 Pereere 64
Muhlenbergii, Torr....+. e000, 63
Muhilenbergii, vars. 8, & y,
HOOKS sssseaivie s cige pesces se 64
Nuttallii, Pursh........... 65, 493
var. linguzefolia, Nutt. .65, 493
var. premorsa, Wat...... 65
obliqua, Pursh,......+seeeeee . 62
ochroleuca, SCHW....-+eeee eens 63
Odorata, Lie ciess. sess owes cee «. 62
ovata, Nutt. . csc cece sees woeuee
palmate, Vasccwiaiee 5 cae fo sessies
palustris, Lc seen cessceesnssas
pedata, L .ceecseeeeeceece
Pennsyluanica, MK... eee eee
pinnata, Rich......
primulefolia, L...... mae
primuifolia, Pursn........... 68
pubiscens, Alt........60...-. 64
var. eriocarpa, Nutt ...... 64
eur. scabriuscula, ‘I. & G.. 64
renifolia, Gro... sss eee ae 62, 492
rostrata, Muhl............... 64
rotundifolia, Mx.........6... 61
Savittata, Ait... .. ee cee 63, 492
sarmentosa, Dougl....... ..65, 493
Selkirkii, Pursh........... 62, 492
septemloba, Le Conte......... . 63
sororia, Willd ..... seeesecees 63
Striata, Alte. csicsiieseanecees 63
striata, Hook.........006 coves 64
tenella, Muhl........ sitter edie 65
tricolor, L.,var. arvensis,Ging eo 65
villosa, Walt...... alt tal tiuilare Shara 83
VIOLACEH (XIII) se eesceeeeceees cons
VITACEE (XXVIII). ++ee oe
Vitis, Tourn...........+. Rees le aeieid
cordifolia, Lam.... .-....-
var. riparia, Gr
Labrusca, L..-..0. 2.0026.
Viparia, Mx...... eee eee eee 97,504
vulpina, Mubl.....e+seeveee 7
INDEX. 623
PAGE. PAGE.
Waldsteinia, Willd ..+secseeeseee 184 Americanum, Mill......... -. 98
fragarioides, Tratt....... .134, 515 Fraxineum, Willd ......ce60... 98
Wyethia, Nutt......-ceesseeevece 550 ramiflorum, MX....eeceeeveee 93
amplexicaulis, Nutt..........550 tricarpum, Hook...........+5 93
Xylosteum ciliatum, Pursh......... 197
var. 8, album, Pursh...... 196
Xanthium, Tourn.....+--...eees 241 Tartaricum, MX....+++.+0+++6197
Canadense, Mill............ 241 villosum, MX..+.+e sce ee eee 198
var. echinatum, Gr....... 241 villosum, Richards............ 198
echinatum, Murray.......+-+.. 241
spinosum, L.......seseeeeees 242
strumarium, L., var. Canadense, Zizia aured, Koch. ..e1 ceseee ceeeee
T.&G a8 cordata, Koch...... :
integerrima, DC...creeeererees
oe
Fis
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11